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0 | Anarchism | anarchism is a political philosophy and movement that is skeptical of all justifications for authority and seeks to abolish the institutions it claims maintain unnecessary coercion and hierarchy, typically including nation - states, and capitalism. anarchism advocates for the replacement of the state with stateless soc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarchism |
1 | Anarchism | in the paris commune, the russian civil war and the spanish civil war, whose end marked the end of the classical era of anarchism. in the last decades of the 20th and into the 21st century, the anarchist movement has been resurgent once more, growing in popularity and influence within anti - capitalist, anti - war and ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarchism |
2 | Anarchism | appears in english from 1642 as anarchisme and anarchy from 1539 ; early english usages emphasised a sense of disorder. various factions within the french revolution labelled their opponents as anarchists, although few such accused shared many views with later anarchists. many revolutionaries of the 19th century such a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarchism |
3 | Anarchism | more recently been diluted by wider adoption from ideologically disparate groups, including both the new left and libertarian marxists, who do not associate themselves with authoritarian socialists or a vanguard party, and extreme cultural liberals, who are primarily concerned with civil liberties. additionally, some a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarchism |
4 | Anarchism | ##rchism slightly differently. major definitional elements include the will for a non - coercive society, the rejection of the state apparatus, the belief that human nature allows humans to exist in or progress toward such a non - coercive society, and a suggestion on how to act to pursue the ideal of anarchy. history ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarchism |
5 | Anarchism | authorities constantly and insisted on the right of individual freedom of conscience. cynics dismissed human law ( nomos ) and associated authorities while trying to live according to nature ( physis ). stoics were supportive of a society based on unofficial and friendly relations among its citizens without the presenc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarchism |
6 | Anarchism | partisan groups such as the enrages and the saw a turning point in the fermentation of anti - state and federalist sentiments. the first anarchist currents developed throughout the 18th century as william godwin espoused philosophical anarchism in england, morally delegitimising the state, max stirner's thinking paved ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarchism |
7 | Anarchism | and proudhon's followers ( the mutualists ) opposed state socialism, advocating political abstentionism and small property holdings. after bitter disputes, the bakuninists were expelled from the international by the marxists at the 1872 hague congress. anarchists were treated similarly in the second international, bein... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarchism |
8 | Anarchism | tokyo was a hotspot for rebellious youth from east asian countries, who moved to the japanese capital to study. in latin america, argentina was a stronghold for anarcho - syndicalism, where it became the most prominent left - wing ideology. during this time, a minority of anarchists adopted tactics of revolutionary pol... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarchism |
9 | Anarchism | the kronstadt rebellion. several anarchists from petrograd and moscow fled to ukraine, before the bolsheviks crushed the anarchist movement there too. with the anarchists being repressed in russia, two new antithetical currents emerged, namely platformism and synthesis anarchism. the former sought to create a coherent ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarchism |
10 | Anarchism | to the army rebellion, an anarchist - inspired movement of peasants and workers, supported by armed militias, took control of barcelona and of large areas of rural spain, where they collectivised the land. the soviet union provided some limited assistance at the beginning of the war, but the result was a bitter fight b... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarchism |
11 | Anarchism | exemplified by bands such as crass and the sex pistols. the established feminist tendencies of anarcha - feminism returned with vigour during the second wave of feminism. black anarchism began to take form at this time and influenced anarchism's move from a eurocentric demographic. this coincided with its failure to ga... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarchism |
12 | Anarchism | zapatistas in mexico and the democratic federation of northern syria, more commonly known as rojava, a de facto autonomous region in northern syria. while having revolutionary aspirations, many forms of anarchism are not confrontational nowadays. instead, they are trying to build an alternative way of social organizati... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarchism |
13 | Anarchism | but are causal factors as well, resulting in the rejection of representative democracy and the state as a whole. thought anarchist schools of thought have been generally grouped into two main historical traditions, social anarchism and individualist anarchism, owing to their different origins, values and evolution. the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarchism |
14 | Anarchism | ##rchism pays significant attention to moral arguments since ethics have a central role in anarchist philosophy. anarchism's emphasis on anti - capitalism, egalitarianism, and for the extension of community and individuality sets it apart from anarcho - capitalism and other types of economic libertarianism. anarchism i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarchism |
15 | Anarchism | ##hilism has been espoused by anarchists. despite separation, the various anarchist schools of thought are not seen as distinct entities but rather as tendencies that intermingle and are connected through a set of uniform principles such as individual and local autonomy, mutual aid, network organisation, communal democ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarchism |
16 | Anarchism | of society, the synthesis of communism and property. " collectivist anarchism is a revolutionary socialist form of anarchism commonly associated with mikhail bakunin. collectivist anarchists advocate collective ownership of the means of production which is theorised to be achieved through violent revolution and that wo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarchism |
17 | Anarchism | anarchists by the late 19th century. anarcho - syndicalism is a branch of anarchism that views labour syndicates as a potential force for revolutionary social change, replacing capitalism and the state with a new society democratically self - managed by workers. the basic principles of anarcho - syndicalism are direct ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarchism |
18 | Anarchism | century radicalism, wider embrace of anarchist principles signaled a revival of interest. anarchism has continued to generate many philosophies and movements, at times eclectic, drawing upon various sources and combining disparate concepts to create new philosophical approaches. the anti - capitalist tradition of class... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarchism |
19 | Anarchism | anarcha - feminists than anarcho - communists. anarchists are generally committed against coercive authority in all forms, namely " all centralized and hierarchical forms of government ( e. g., monarchy, representative democracy, state socialism, etc. ), economic class systems ( e. g., capitalism, bolshevism, feudalism... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarchism |
20 | Anarchism | a broad categorisation can be made between aims to destroy oppressive states and institutions by revolutionary means on one hand and aims to change society through evolutionary means on the other. evolutionary tactics embrace nonviolence, reject violence and take a gradual approach to anarchist aims, although there is ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarchism |
21 | Anarchism | occurring in the early 1900s. their decrease in prevalence was the result of further judicial power and targeting and cataloging by state institutions. anarchist perspectives towards violence have always been controversial. anarcho - pacifists advocate for non - violence means to achieve their stateless, nonviolent end... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarchism |
22 | Anarchism | based on friendship and were involved in the news media. revolutionary in the current era, italian anarchist alfredo bonanno, a proponent of insurrectionary anarchism, has reinstated the debate on violence by rejecting the nonviolence tactic adopted since the late 19th century by kropotkin and other prominent anarchist... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarchism |
23 | Anarchism | evolutionary anarchists commonly employ direct action. this can take the form of disrupting and protesting against unjust hierarchy, or the form of self - managing their lives through the creation of counter - institutions such as communes and non - hierarchical collectives. decision - making is often handled in an ant... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarchism |
24 | Anarchism | . anarchists have employed various methods in order to build a rough consensus among members of their group without the need of a leader or a leading group. one way is for an individual from the group to play the role of facilitator to help achieve a consensus without taking part in the discussion themselves or promoti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarchism |
25 | Anarchism | hacktivists work to develop and distribute resembles the anarchist ideals, especially when it comes to preserving users'privacy from state surveillance. anarchists organize themselves to squat and reclaim public spaces. during important events such as protests and when spaces are being occupied, they are often called t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarchism |
26 | Anarchism | different anarchist traditions which has created a number of definitional concerns in anarchist theory. the compatibility of capitalism, nationalism, and religion with anarchism is widely disputed, and anarchism enjoys complex relationships with ideologies such as communism, collectivism, marxism, and trade unionism. a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarchism |
27 | Anarchism | against states is that the people constituting a government, even the most altruistic among officials, will unavoidably seek to gain more power, leading to corruption. anarchists consider the idea that the state is the collective will of the people to be an unachievable fiction due to the fact that the ruling class is ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarchism |
28 | Anarchism | imposed by gender roles. sexuality was not often discussed by classical anarchists but the few that did felt that an anarchist society would lead to sexuality naturally developing. sexual violence was a concern for anarchists such as benjamin tucker, who opposed age of consent laws, believing they would benefit predato... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarchism |
29 | Anarchism | , against marriage, and pro - choice ( utilising a contemporary term ), and had a similar agenda. anarchist and non - anarchist feminists differed on suffrage but were supportive of one another. during the second half of the 20th century, anarchism intermingled with the second wave of feminism, radicalising some curren... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarchism |
30 | Anarchism | and the society, to be an act of mutual aid. anarchist writers such as william godwin ( political justice ) and max stirner ( " the false principle of our education " ) attacked both state education and private education as another means by which the ruling class replicate their privileges. in 1901, catalan anarchist a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarchism |
31 | Anarchism | became the summerhill school in 1921, also declaring being free from coercion. anarchist education is based largely on the idea that a child's right to develop freely and without manipulation ought to be respected and that rationality would lead children to morally good conclusions ; however, there has been little cons... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarchism |
32 | Anarchism | ##tion as a teaching method, have spread among mainstream educational institutions. judith suissa names three schools as explicitly anarchists'schools, namely the free skool santa cruz in the united states which is part of a wider american - canadian network of schools, the self - managed learning college in brighton, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarchism |
33 | Anarchism | the spell : a history of anarchist filmmakers, videotape guerrillas, and digital ninjas, chris robe claims that " anarchist - inflected practices have increasingly structured movement - based video activism. " throughout the 20th century, many prominent anarchists ( peter kropotkin, emma goldman, gustav landauer and ca... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarchism |
34 | Anarchism | anarchism is the assertion that humans cannot self - govern and so a state is necessary for human survival. philosopher bertrand russell supported this critique, stating that " [ p ] eace and war, tariffs, regulations of sanitary conditions and the sale of noxious drugs, the preservation of a just system of distributio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarchism |
35 | Anarchism | exercise their liberty and buy protection from protection agencies, evolving into a minimal state. anarchists reject these criticisms by arguing that humans in a state of nature would not just be in a state of war. anarcho - primitivists in particular argue that humans were better off in a state of nature in small trib... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarchism |
36 | Anarchism | anarchism also calls for collective action whilst endorsing the autonomy of the individual, hence no collective action can be taken. lastly, fiala mentions a critique towards philosophical anarchism of being ineffective ( all talk and thoughts ) and in the meantime capitalism and bourgeois class remains strong. philoso... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarchism |
37 | Anarchism | ##z believes that this argument is true in following both authorities'successful and mistaken instruction. anarchists reject this criticism because challenging or disobeying authority does not entail the disappearance of its advantages by acknowledging authority such as doctors or lawyers as reliable, nor does it invol... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarchism |
38 | Anarchism | anarchist views and values. according to the marxist view, that a social idea would follow directly from this human ideal and out of the free will of every individual formed its essence. marxists state that this contradiction was responsible for their inability to act. in the anarchist vision, the conflict between libe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarchism |
39 | Albedo | albedo ( ; ) is the fraction of sunlight that is diffusely reflected by a body. it is measured on a scale from 0 ( corresponding to a black body that absorbs all incident radiation ) to 1 ( corresponding to a body that reflects all incident radiation ). surface albedo is defined as the ratio of radiosity je to the irra... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albedo |
40 | Albedo | the entire spectrum of solar radiation. due to measurement constraints, it is often given for the spectrum in which most solar energy reaches the surface ( between 0. 3 and 3 μm ). this spectrum includes visible light ( 0. 4 – 0. 7 μm ), which explains why surfaces with a low albedo appear dark ( e. g., trees absorb mo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albedo |
41 | Albedo | locally across the surface because of different geological and environmental features. terrestrial albedo any albedo in visible light falls within a range of about 0. 9 for fresh snow to about 0. 04 for charcoal, one of the darkest substances. deeply shadowed cavities can achieve an effective albedo approaching the zer... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albedo |
42 | Albedo | reflectance measurements into estimates of directional - hemispherical reflectance and bi - hemispherical reflectance ( e. g., ). these calculations are based on the bidirectional reflectance distribution function ( brdf ), which describes how the reflectance of a given surface depends on the view angle of the observer... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albedo |
43 | Albedo | caused by climate change as well as a substantial increase in global warming. however, the link to climate change has not been explored to date and it is unclear whether or not this represents an ongoing trend. white - sky, black - sky, and blue - sky albedo for land surfaces, it has been shown that the albedo at a par... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albedo |
44 | Albedo | the albedo of various areas around the globe. as per campra et al., human impacts to " the physical properties of the land surface can perturb the climate by altering the earth ’ s radiative energy balance " even on a small scale or when undetected by satellites. the tens of thousands of hectares of greenhouses in alme... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albedo |
45 | Albedo | 1 in worldwide urban areas would result in a cooling effect that is equivalent to absorbing ~ 44 gt of co2 emissions. " intentionally enhancing the albedo of the earth's surface, along with its daytime thermal emittance, has been proposed as a solar radiation management strategy to mitigate energy crises and global war... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albedo |
46 | Albedo | the intensity of albedo temperature effects depends on the amount of albedo and the level of local insolation ( solar irradiance ) ; high albedo areas in the arctic and antarctic regions are cold due to low insolation, whereas areas such as the sahara desert, which also have a relatively high albedo, will be hotter due... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albedo |
47 | Albedo | a reduced albedo effect. climate and weather albedo affects climate by determining how much radiation a planet absorbs. the uneven heating of earth from albedo variations between land, ice, or ocean surfaces can drive weather. the response of the climate system to an initial forcing is modified by feedbacks : increased... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albedo |
48 | Albedo | masses and a more direct angle of sunlight ( higher insolation ) cause melting. when the melted area reveals surfaces with lower albedo, such as grass, soil, or ocean, the effect is reversed : the darkening surface lowers albedo, increasing local temperatures, which induces more melting and thus reducing the albedo fur... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albedo |
49 | Albedo | . when sea ice melts, either due to a rise in sea temperature or in response to increased solar radiation from above, the snow - covered surface is reduced, and more surface of sea water is exposed, so the rate of energy absorption increases. the extra absorbed energy heats the sea water, which in turn increases the ra... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albedo |
50 | Albedo | on a smaller scale, too. in sunlight, dark clothes absorb more heat and light - coloured clothes reflect it better, thus allowing some control over body temperature by exploiting the albedo effect of the colour of external clothing. solar photovoltaic effects albedo can affect the electrical energy output of solar phot... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albedo |
51 | Albedo | provided effective albedo values for simulating the performance of seven photovoltaic materials mounted on three common photovoltaic system topologies : industrial ( solar farms ), commercial flat rooftops and residential pitched - roof applications. trees forests generally have a low albedo because the majority of the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albedo |
52 | Albedo | treat evapotranspiration as a net cooling impact, and the net climate impact of albedo and evapotranspiration changes from deforestation depends greatly on local climate. mid - to - high - latitude forests have a much lower albedo during snow seasons than flat ground, thus contributing to warming. modeling that compare... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albedo |
53 | Albedo | likely to be reflected back to space rather than being absorbed by other surfaces lower in the canopy. studies by the hadley centre have investigated the relative ( generally warming ) effect of albedo change and ( cooling ) effect of carbon sequestration on planting forests. they found that new forests in tropical and... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albedo |
54 | Albedo | incident light such as those that occur on the illuminated side of earth near the terminator ( early morning, late afternoon, and near the poles ). however, as mentioned above, waviness causes an appreciable reduction. because light specularly reflected from water does not usually reach the viewer, water is usually con... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albedo |
55 | Albedo | reflecting sunlight, but they can also serve as blankets to trap warmth. " albedo and climate in some areas are affected by artificial clouds, such as those created by the contrails of heavy commercial airliner traffic. a study following the burning of the kuwaiti oil fields during iraqi occupation showed that temperat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albedo |
56 | Albedo | cloud droplet number concentrations, which in turn leads to increased cloud albedo, increased light scattering and radiative cooling ( first indirect effect ), but also leads to reduced precipitation efficiency and increased lifetime of the cloud ( second indirect effect ). in extremely polluted cities like delhi, aero... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albedo |
57 | Albedo | ##bedos of planets, satellites and minor planets such as asteroids can be used to infer much about their properties. the study of albedos, their dependence on wavelength, lighting angle ( " phase angle " ), and variation in time composes a major part of the astronomical field of photometry. for small and far objects th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albedo |
58 | Albedo | albedo of 0. 04. such a dark surface is thought to be indicative of a primitive and heavily space weathered surface containing some organic compounds. the overall albedo of the moon is measured to be around 0. 14, but it is strongly directional and non - lambertian, displaying also a strong opposition effect. although ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albedo |
59 | Albedo | scattering albedo. it is used to define scattering of electromagnetic waves on small particles. it depends on properties of the material ( refractive index ), the size of the particle, and the wavelength of the incoming radiation. an important relationship between an object's astronomical ( geometric ) albedo, absolute... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albedo |
60 | Albedo | echo power. those components of the received echo that return from first - surface reflections ( as from a smooth or mirror - like surface ) are dominated by the oc component as there is a reversal in polarization upon reflection. if the surface is rough at the wavelength scale or there is significant penetration into ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albedo |
61 | Albedo | radar albedo is a first - order approximation of the fresnel reflection coefficient ( aka reflectivity ) and can be used to estimate the bulk density of a planetary surface to a depth of a meter or so ( a few wavelengths of the radar wavelength which is typically at the decimeter scale ) using the following empirical r... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albedo |
62 | A | a, or a, is the first letter and the first vowel of the latin alphabet, used in the modern english alphabet, the alphabets of other western european languages and others worldwide. its name in english is a ( pronounced ), plural aes. it is similar in shape to the ancient greek letter alpha, from which it derives. the u... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A |
63 | A | in turn, the ancestor of aleph may have been a pictogram of an ox head in proto - sinaitic script influenced by egyptian hieroglyphs, styled as a triangular head with two horns extended. when the ancient greeks adopted the alphabet, they had no use for a letter to represent the glottal stop — the consonant sound that t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A |
64 | A | the latin language, and the resulting letter was preserved in the latin alphabet that would come to be used to write many languages, including english. typographic variants during roman times, there were many variant forms of the letter " a ". first was the monumental or lapidary style, which was used when inscribing o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A |
65 | A | cursive minuscule developed through western europe. among these were the semicursive minuscule of italy, the merovingian script in france, the visigothic script in spain, and the insular or anglo - irish semi - uncial or anglo - saxon majuscule of great britain. by the ninth century, the caroline script, which was very... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A |
66 | A | over it ( " a " ). both derive from the majuscule ( capital ) form. in greek handwriting, it was common to join the left leg and horizontal stroke into a single loop, as demonstrated by the uncial version shown. many fonts then made the right leg vertical. in some of these, the serif that began the right leg stroke dev... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A |
67 | A | ##nded vowel as in pad ; the open back unrounded vowel as in father, which is closer to its original latin and greek sound ; the diphthong as in ace and major ( usually when is followed by one, or occasionally two, consonants and then another vowel letter ) – this results from middle english lengthening followed by the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A |
68 | A | used in english texts tend to be ; the number is around 7. 636 % in french, 11. 525 % in spanish, and 14. 634 % for portuguese. other languages in most languages that use the latin alphabet, denotes an open unrounded vowel, such as,, or. an exception is saanich, in which ( and the glyph a ) stands for a close - mid fro... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A |
69 | A | y, and z, and knowns by a, b, and c ", and this convention is still often followed, especially in elementary algebra. in geometry, capital a, b, c etc. are used to denote segments, lines, rays, etc. a capital a is also typically used as one of the letters to represent an angle in a triangle, the lowercase a representin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A |
70 | A | used to introduce noun phrases. finally, the letter a is used to denote size, as in a narrow size shoe, or a small cup size in a brassiere. related characters descendants and related characters in the latin alphabet æ æ : latin ae ligature a with diacritics : a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A |
71 | A | hat ), which represents an open - mid back unrounded vowel in the ipa ɒ ɒ : turned alpha / script a, which represents an open back rounded vowel in the ipa : modifier letter small turned alpha : small capital a, an obsolete or non - standard symbol in the international phonetic alphabet used to represent various sounds... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A |
72 | A | , from which the following symbols originally derive α α : greek letter alpha, from which the following letters derive а а : cyrillic letter a : coptic letter alpha : old italic a, which is the ancestor of modern latin a : runic letter ansuz, which probably derives from old italic a : gothic letter aza / asks ա ա : arm... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A |
73 | Alabama | alabama ( ) is a state in the southeastern region of the united states, bordered by tennessee to the north ; georgia to the east ; florida and the gulf of mexico to the south ; and mississippi to the west. alabama is the 30th largest by area and the 24th - most populous of the u. s. states. alabama is nicknamed the yel... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alabama |
74 | Alabama | florida until 1813. in december 1819, alabama was recognized as a state. during the antebellum period, alabama was a major producer of cotton, and widely used african american slave labor. in 1861, the state seceded from the united states to become part of the confederate states of america, with montgomery acting as it... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alabama |
75 | Alabama | is based on automotive, finance, tourism, manufacturing, aerospace, mineral extraction, healthcare, education, retail, and technology. the state's geography is diverse, with the north dominated by the mountainous tennessee valley and the south by mobile bay, a historically significant port. politically, as part of the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alabama |
76 | Alabama | ##vas and rodrigo ranjel wrote alibamu and limamu, respectively, in transliterations of the term. as early as 1702, the french called the tribe the, with french maps identifying the river as. other spellings of the name have included alibamu, alabamo, albama, alebamon, alibama, alibamou, alabamu, and allibamou. the use... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alabama |
77 | Alabama | this notion was popularized in the 1850s through the writings of alexander beaufort meek. experts in the muskogean languages have not found any evidence to support such a translation. history pre - european settlement indigenous peoples of varying cultures lived in the area for thousands of years before the advent of e... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alabama |
78 | Alabama | the mississippian peoples ; it is one of the primary means by which their religion is understood. among the historical tribes of native american people living in present - day alabama at the time of european contact were the cherokee, an iroquoian language people ; and the muskogean - speaking alabama ( alibamu ), chic... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alabama |
79 | Alabama | . after the united states victory in the american revolutionary war, the territory was divided between the united states and spain. the latter retained control of this western territory from 1783 until the surrender of the spanish garrison at mobile to u. s. forces on april 13, 1813. thomas bassett, a loyalist to the b... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alabama |
80 | Alabama | of georgia, although heavily disputed. with the exception of the area around mobile and the yazoo lands, what is now the lower one - third of alabama was made part of the mississippi territory when it was organized in 1798. the yazoo lands were added to the territory in 1804, following the yazoo land scandal. spain kep... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alabama |
81 | Alabama | ##haba in dallas county. cahaba, now a ghost town, was the first permanent state capital from 1820 to 1825. the alabama fever land rush was underway when the state was admitted to the union, with settlers and land speculators pouring into the state to take advantage of fertile land suitable for cotton cultivation. part... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alabama |
82 | Alabama | . on january 30, 1846, the alabama legislature announced it had voted to move the capital city from tuscaloosa to montgomery. the first legislative session in the new capital met in december 1847. a new capitol building was erected under the direction of stephen decatur button of philadelphia. the first structure burne... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alabama |
83 | Alabama | alabama, joined nathan bedford forrest's battalion in hopkinsville, kentucky. the company wore new uniforms with yellow trim on the sleeves, collar and coattails. this led to them being greeted with " yellowhammer ", and the name later was applied to all alabama troops in the confederate army. alabama's slaves were fre... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alabama |
84 | Alabama | misappropriation. organized insurgent, resistance groups tried to suppress the freedmen and republicans. besides the short - lived original ku klux klan, these included the pale faces, knights of the white camellia, red shirts, and the white league. reconstruction in alabama ended in 1874, when the democrats regained c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alabama |
85 | Alabama | to more than 181, 000 african americans eligible to vote in 1900. the numbers dropped even more in later decades. the state legislature passed additional racial segregation laws related to public facilities into the 1950s : jails were segregated in 1911 ; hospitals in 1915 ; toilets, hotels, and restaurants in 1928 ; a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alabama |
86 | Alabama | for the disenfranchised african americans, but it did not relieve them of paying taxes. partially as a response to chronic underfunding of education for african americans in the south, the rosenwald fund began funding the construction of what came to be known as rosenwald schools. in alabama, these schools were designe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alabama |
87 | Alabama | weevil infestation led tens of thousands of african americans from rural alabama and other states to seek opportunities in northern and midwestern cities during the early decades of the 20th century as part of the great migration out of the south. reflecting this emigration, the population growth rate in alabama ( see ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alabama |
88 | Alabama | state for better jobs and a higher standard of living. one example of this massive influx of workers occurred in mobile. between 1940 and 1943, more than 89, 000 people moved into the city to work for war - related industries. cotton and other cash crops faded in importance as the state developed a manufacturing and se... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alabama |
89 | Alabama | 1962 ) and reynolds v. sims ( 1964 ), the court ruled that the principle of " one man, one vote " needed to be the basis of both houses of state legislatures, and that their districts had to be based on population rather than geographic counties. african americans continued to press in the 1950s and 1960s to end disenf... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alabama |
90 | Alabama | according to the new york times, by 2017, many of alabama's african americans were living in alabama's cities such as birmingham and montgomery. also, the black belt region across central alabama " is home to largely poor counties that are predominantly african - american. these counties include dallas, lowndes, mareng... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alabama |
91 | Alabama | making up a significant minority in the state, they had been unable to elect any representatives in most of the at - large jurisdictions. as part of settlement of this case, five alabama cities and counties, including chilton county, adopted a system of cumulative voting for election of representatives in multi - seat ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alabama |
92 | Alabama | technology and manufacturing industries, such as automobile assembly, replaced some the state's older industries in the late twentieth century, but the state's economy and growth lagged behind other states in the area, such as georgia and florida. 21st century in 2001, alabama supreme court chief justice roy moore inst... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alabama |
93 | Alabama | , making alabama 23rd in the amount of surface water, also giving it the second - largest inland waterway system in the united states. about three - fifths of the land area is part of the gulf coastal plain, a gentle plain with a general descent towards the mississippi river and the gulf of mexico. the north alabama re... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alabama |
94 | Alabama | river canyon national preserve near fort payne ; russell cave national monument in bridgeport ; tuskegee airmen national historic site in tuskegee ; and tuskegee institute national historic site near tuskegee. additionally, alabama has four national forests : conecuh, talladega, tuskegee, and william b. bankhead. alaba... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alabama |
95 | Alabama | a hideout for legendary outlaw jesse james ; stephens gap cave in jackson county boasts a 143 - foot pit, two waterfalls and is one of the most photographed wild cave scenes in america ; little river canyon near fort payne, one of the nation's longest mountaintop rivers ; rickwood caverns near warrior features an under... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alabama |
96 | Alabama | ##ry university of vienna published evidence and established the site as the 157th recognized impact crater on earth. climate the state is classified as humid subtropical ( cfa ) under the koppen climate classification. the average annual temperature is 64°f ( 18°c ). temperatures tend to be warmer in the southern part... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alabama |
97 | Alabama | around mobile bay, averages between 70 and 80 days per year with thunder reported. this activity decreases somewhat further north in the state, but even the far north of the state reports thunder on about 60 days per year. occasionally, thunderstorms are severe with frequent lightning and large hail ; the central and n... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alabama |
98 | Alabama | one of the few places in the world that has a secondary tornado season in november and december besides the typically severe spring. the northern part — along the tennessee river valley — is most vulnerable. the area of alabama and mississippi most affected by tornadoes is sometimes referred to as dixie alley, as disti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alabama |
99 | Alabama | new market. flora and fauna alabama is home to a diverse array of flora and fauna in habitats that range from the tennessee valley, appalachian plateau, and ridge - and - valley appalachians of the north to the piedmont, canebrake, and black belt of the central region to the gulf coastal plain and beaches along the gul... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alabama |
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