metadata

language: fr
license: mit
tags:
  - zero-shot-classification
  - sentence-similarity
  - nli
pipeline_tag: zero-shot-classification
widget:
  - text: >-
      Selon certains physiciens, un univers parallèle, miroir du nôtre ou
      relevant de ce que l'on appelle la théorie des branes, autoriserait des
      neutrons à sortir de notre Univers pour y entrer à nouveau. L'idée a été
      testée une nouvelle fois avec le réacteur nucléaire de l'Institut
      Laue-Langevin à Grenoble, plus précisément en utilisant le détecteur de
      l'expérience Stereo initialement conçu pour chasser des particules de
      matière noire potentielles, les neutrinos stériles.
    candidate_labels: politique, science, sport, santé
    hypothesis_template: Ce texte parle de {}.
datasets:
  - flue

DistilCamemBERT-NLI

We present DistilCamemBERT-NLI which is DistilCamemBERT fine-tuned for the Natural Language Inference (NLI) task for the french language, also known as recognizing textual entailment (RTE). This model is constructed on the XNLI dataset which consists to determine whether a premise entails, contradicts or neither entails nor contradicts a hypothesis.

This modelization is close to BaptisteDoyen/camembert-base-xnli based on CamemBERT model. The problem of the modelizations based on CamemBERT is at the scaling moment, for the production phase for example. Indeed, inference cost can be a technological issue especially as in a context of cross-encoding like for this task. To counteract this effect, we propose this modelization which divides the inference time by 2 with the same consumption power thanks to DistilCamemBERT.

Dataset

The dataset XNLI from FLUE is composed of 392,702 premises with their hypothesis for the train and 5,010 couples for the test. The goal is to predict textual entailment (does sentence A imply/contradict/neither sentence B?) and is a classification task (given two sentences, predict one of three labels). The sentence A is called premise and sentence B is called hypothesis, then the goal of modelization is determined as follows: $P(premise=c\in\{contradiction, entailment, neutral\}\vert hypothesis)$

Evaluation results

class	precision (%)	f1-score (%)	support
global	77.70	77.45	5,010
contradiction	78.00	79.54	1,670
entailment	82.90	78.87	1,670
neutral	72.18	74.04	1,670

Benchmark

We compare the DistilCamemBERT model to 2 other modelizations working on french language. The first one BaptisteDoyen/camembert-base-xnli is based on well named CamemBERT, the french RoBERTa model and the second one MoritzLaurer/mDeBERTa-v3-base-mnli-xnli based on mDeBERTav3 a multilingual model. To compare the performances the metrics of accuracy and MCC (Matthews Correlation Coefficient) was used and for the mean inference time measure, an AMD Ryzen 5 4500U @ 2.3GHz with 6 cores was used:

model	time (ms)	accuracy (%)	MCC (x100)
cmarkea/distilcamembert-base-nli	51.35	77.45	66.24
BaptisteDoyen/camembert-base-xnli	105.0	81.72	72.67
MoritzLaurer/mDeBERTa-v3-base-mnli-xnli	299.18	83.43	75.15

Zero-shot classification

The main advantage of such modelization is to create a zero-shot classifier allowing text classification without training. This task can be summarized by: $P(hypothesis=i\in\mathcal{C}|premise)=\frac{e^{P(premise=entailment\vert hypothesis=i)}}{\sum_{j\in\mathcal{C}}e^{P(premise=entailment\vert hypothesis=j)}}$

For this part, we use 2 datasets, the first one: allocine used to train the sentiment analysis models. The dataset is composed of 2 classes: "positif" and "négatif" appreciation of movies reviews. Here we use "Ce commentaire est {}." as the hypothesis template and "positif" and "négatif" as candidate labels.

model	time (ms)	accuracy (%)	MCC (x100)
cmarkea/distilcamembert-base-nli	195.54	80.59	63.71
BaptisteDoyen/camembert-base-xnli	378.39	86.37	73.74
MoritzLaurer/mDeBERTa-v3-base-mnli-xnli	520.58	84.97	70.05

The second one: mlsum used to train the summarization models. We use the articles summary part to predict their topics. In this aim, we aggregate sub-topics and select a few of them. In this case, the hypothesis template used is "C'est un article traitant de {}." and the candidate labels are: "économie", "politique", "sport" and "science".

model	time (ms)	accuracy (%)	MCC (x100)
cmarkea/distilcamembert-base-nli	217.77	79.30	70.55
BaptisteDoyen/camembert-base-xnli	448.27	70.7	64.10
MoritzLaurer/mDeBERTa-v3-base-mnli-xnli	591.34	64.45	58.67

How to use DistilCamemBERT-NLI

from transformers import pipeline

classifier = pipeline(
    task='zero-shot-classification',
    model="cmarkea/distilcamembert-base-nli",
    tokenizer="cmarkea/distilcamembert-base-nli"
)
result = classifier (
    sequences="Le style très cinéphile de Quentin Tarantino "
    "se reconnaît entre autres par sa narration postmoderne "
    "et non linéaire, ses dialogues travaillés souvent "
    "émaillés de références à la culture populaire, et ses "
    "scènes hautement esthétiques mais d'une violence "
    "extrême, inspirées de films d'exploitation, d'arts "
    "martiaux ou de western spaghetti.",
    candidate_labels="cinéma, technologie, littérature, politique",
    hypothesis_template="Ce texte parle de {}."
)

result
{"labels": ["cinéma",
            "littérature",
            "technologie",
            "politique"],
 "scores": [0.7164115309715271,
            0.12878799438476562,
            0.1092301607131958,
            0.0455702543258667]}

Citation

@inproceedings{delestre:hal-03674695,
  TITLE = {{DistilCamemBERT : une distillation du mod{\`e}le fran{\c c}ais CamemBERT}},
  AUTHOR = {Delestre, Cyrile and Amar, Abibatou},
  URL = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03674695},
  BOOKTITLE = {{CAp (Conf{\'e}rence sur l'Apprentissage automatique)}},
  ADDRESS = {Vannes, France},
  YEAR = {2022},
  MONTH = Jul,
  KEYWORDS = {NLP ; Transformers ; CamemBERT ; Distillation},
  PDF = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03674695/file/cap2022.pdf},
  HAL_ID = {hal-03674695},
  HAL_VERSION = {v1},
}