AI Long QT ECG analysis

Deep Neural Networks in Evaluation of Patients with Congenital Long QT Syndrome from the Surface 12-Lead Electrocardiogram

Step 0: Install pip packages

Install python packages.

python -m pip install -r requirements.txt

Step 1: Obtain MUSE ECGs

Should be in XML format and the beginning of the files start like this:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<!DOCTYPE RestingECG SYSTEM "restecg.dtd">

Step 2: Convert ECGs into CSV files

Run python lqtnet/extract_ecg_xml.py, which converts a folder containing XML ECG files into CSV format, normalizes the voltage data, and resamples all the files (to 2500 samples over the file, 250 Hz over 10 second recording).

Step 3: Create metadata file

Create a metadata folder and in that create a CSV file with the following columns:

file,patient_id,ecg_id,id_site,set,lqts_type,dob,age,sex,ethnicity,date,hr,qt,qt_confirmed,qt_prolonged,qc,qc_reason

Descriptions for the columns:

file: csv file name (without '.csv' file extension)
patient_id: unique ID for patient (HiRO ID)
ecg_id: unique ID for the ECG file
id_site: HiRO site ID
set: split, Derivation, Internal validation, or External validation
lqts_type: either Control, Type 1, or Type 2 based on genetic diagnosis
dob: date of birth, yyyy-mm-dd
age: age (in years)
sex: Female or Male
ethnicity: used for baseline characteristics and subsequent analysis
date: date of ecg, yyyy-mm-dd
hr: heart rate, for baseline characteristics and subsequent analysis
qt_manual: correct QT interval (in milliseconds)
qt_manual_confirmed: True or False, was the QT interval manually interpreted?
qc: True or False, whether ECG passed manual quality control
qc_reason (optional): description of QC issue with ECG

Use lqtnet.import_metadata.convert_dtypes() to convert the dtypes for the files for more efficient storage. We also suggest saving the metadata file as pickle or parquet format after importing it as a pandas DataFrame.

Step 4: Quality control

Some of the files are missing parts of the leads, excessive noise, wandering leads, are corrupted and don't contain any ECG data, etc. Fill in this data into the above metadata file.

Step 5: Run model inference

Please see example code below, showing inference for an External validation dataset:

import lqtnet

# directory containing normalized CSV files
ECG_SOURCE_DIR = 'ecgs/csv_normalized_2500/'
MODEL_PATH = 'models/XYZ/'

metadata = pd.read_parquet('metadata/example_YYYYmmdd.parquet')
ext_df = metadata.query('set == "External validation" and qc == "Good"')

x_ext = lqtnet.import_ecgs.df_import_csv_to_numpy(ext_df, from_dir=ECG_SOURCE_DIR)
y_ext = lqtnet.import_ecgs.df_to_np_labels(ext_df)

model = lqtnet.train._load_model(MODEL_PATH)

# make predictions - save this output for further analysis
y_extval_pred = model.predict(x_extval)