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---
pipeline_tag: image-classification
datasets:
- beans
metrics:
- accuracy
tags:
- vit
---
**task**: `image-classification`
**Backend:** `sagemaker-training`
**Backend args:** `{'instance_type': 'ml.g4dn.2xlarge', 'supported_instructions': None}`
**Number of evaluation samples:** `All dataset`
Fixed parameters:
* **model_name_or_path**: `nateraw/vit-base-beans`
* **dataset**:
* **path**: `beans`
* **eval_split**: `validation`
* **data_keys**: `{'primary': 'image'}`
* **ref_keys**: `['labels']`
* **calibration_split**: `train`
* **quantization_approach**: `dynamic`
* **calibration**:
* **method**: `minmax`
* **num_calibration_samples**: `100`
* **framework**: `onnxruntime`
* **framework_args**:
* **opset**: `11`
* **optimization_level**: `1`
* **aware_training**: `False`
Benchmarked parameters:
* **operators_to_quantize**: `['Add']`, `['Add', 'MatMul']`
* **node_exclusion**: `[]`, `['layernorm', 'gelu', 'residual', 'gather', 'softmax']`
* **per_channel**: `False`, `True`
# Evaluation
## Non-time metrics
| operators_to_quantize | node_exclusion | per_channel | | accuracy (original) | accuracy (optimized) |
| :-------------------: | :------------------------------------------------------: | :---------: | :-: | :-----------------: | :------------------: |
| `['Add', 'MatMul']` | `['layernorm', 'gelu', 'residual', 'gather', 'softmax']` | `False` | \| | 0.980 | 0.980 |
| `['Add', 'MatMul']` | `['layernorm', 'gelu', 'residual', 'gather', 'softmax']` | `True` | \| | 0.980 | 0.980 |
| `['Add', 'MatMul']` | `[]` | `False` | \| | 0.980 | 0.980 |
| `['Add', 'MatMul']` | `[]` | `True` | \| | 0.980 | 0.980 |
| `['Add']` | `['layernorm', 'gelu', 'residual', 'gather', 'softmax']` | `False` | \| | 0.980 | 0.980 |
| `['Add']` | `['layernorm', 'gelu', 'residual', 'gather', 'softmax']` | `True` | \| | 0.980 | 0.980 |
| `['Add']` | `[]` | `False` | \| | 0.980 | 0.980 |
| `['Add']` | `[]` | `True` | \| | 0.980 | 0.980 |
## Time metrics
Time benchmarks were run for 15 seconds per config.
Below, time metrics for batch size = 1, input length = 32.
| operators_to_quantize | node_exclusion | per_channel | | latency_mean (original, ms) | latency_mean (optimized, ms) | | throughput (original, /s) | throughput (optimized, /s) |
| :-------------------: | :------------------------------------------------------: | :---------: | :-: | :-------------------------: | :--------------------------: | :-: | :-----------------------: | :------------------------: |
| `['Add', 'MatMul']` | `['layernorm', 'gelu', 'residual', 'gather', 'softmax']` | `False` | \| | 200.50 | 63.00 | \| | 5.00 | 15.93 |
| `['Add', 'MatMul']` | `['layernorm', 'gelu', 'residual', 'gather', 'softmax']` | `True` | \| | 198.19 | 72.65 | \| | 5.07 | 13.80 |
| `['Add', 'MatMul']` | `[]` | `False` | \| | 191.44 | 63.27 | \| | 5.27 | 15.87 |
| `['Add', 'MatMul']` | `[]` | `True` | \| | 154.84 | 72.51 | \| | 6.47 | 13.80 |
| `['Add']` | `['layernorm', 'gelu', 'residual', 'gather', 'softmax']` | `False` | \| | 155.84 | 130.95 | \| | 6.47 | 7.67 |
| `['Add']` | `['layernorm', 'gelu', 'residual', 'gather', 'softmax']` | `True` | \| | 201.76 | 131.25 | \| | 5.00 | 7.67 |
| `['Add']` | `[]` | `False` | \| | 198.96 | 128.82 | \| | 5.07 | 7.80 |
| `['Add']` | `[]` | `True` | \| | 163.76 | 129.62 | \| | 6.13 | 7.73 |
Below, time metrics for batch size = 1, input length = 64.
| operators_to_quantize | node_exclusion | per_channel | | latency_mean (original, ms) | latency_mean (optimized, ms) | | throughput (original, /s) | throughput (optimized, /s) |
| :-------------------: | :------------------------------------------------------: | :---------: | :-: | :-------------------------: | :--------------------------: | :-: | :-----------------------: | :------------------------: |
| `['Add', 'MatMul']` | `['layernorm', 'gelu', 'residual', 'gather', 'softmax']` | `False` | \| | 162.75 | 67.18 | \| | 6.20 | 14.93 |
| `['Add', 'MatMul']` | `['layernorm', 'gelu', 'residual', 'gather', 'softmax']` | `True` | \| | 159.69 | 72.77 | \| | 6.33 | 13.80 |
| `['Add', 'MatMul']` | `[]` | `False` | \| | 183.10 | 64.02 | \| | 5.47 | 15.67 |
| `['Add', 'MatMul']` | `[]` | `True` | \| | 157.21 | 64.16 | \| | 6.40 | 15.60 |
| `['Add']` | `['layernorm', 'gelu', 'residual', 'gather', 'softmax']` | `False` | \| | 155.32 | 130.74 | \| | 6.47 | 7.67 |
| `['Add']` | `['layernorm', 'gelu', 'residual', 'gather', 'softmax']` | `True` | \| | 198.56 | 162.51 | \| | 5.07 | 6.20 |
| `['Add']` | `[]` | `False` | \| | 186.58 | 163.38 | \| | 5.40 | 6.13 |
| `['Add']` | `[]` | `True` | \| | 199.75 | 131.46 | \| | 5.07 | 7.67 |
Below, time metrics for batch size = 1, input length = 128.
| operators_to_quantize | node_exclusion | per_channel | | latency_mean (original, ms) | latency_mean (optimized, ms) | | throughput (original, /s) | throughput (optimized, /s) |
| :-------------------: | :------------------------------------------------------: | :---------: | :-: | :-------------------------: | :--------------------------: | :-: | :-----------------------: | :------------------------: |
| `['Add', 'MatMul']` | `['layernorm', 'gelu', 'residual', 'gather', 'softmax']` | `False` | \| | 160.58 | 67.65 | \| | 6.27 | 14.80 |
| `['Add', 'MatMul']` | `['layernorm', 'gelu', 'residual', 'gather', 'softmax']` | `True` | \| | 158.60 | 72.53 | \| | 6.33 | 13.80 |
| `['Add', 'MatMul']` | `[]` | `False` | \| | 200.46 | 62.95 | \| | 5.00 | 15.93 |
| `['Add', 'MatMul']` | `[]` | `True` | \| | 195.39 | 72.28 | \| | 5.13 | 13.87 |
| `['Add']` | `['layernorm', 'gelu', 'residual', 'gather', 'softmax']` | `False` | \| | 197.59 | 128.80 | \| | 5.07 | 7.80 |
| `['Add']` | `['layernorm', 'gelu', 'residual', 'gather', 'softmax']` | `True` | \| | 156.24 | 162.63 | \| | 6.47 | 6.20 |
| `['Add']` | `[]` | `False` | \| | 157.25 | 129.13 | \| | 6.40 | 7.80 |
| `['Add']` | `[]` | `True` | \| | 176.08 | 161.79 | \| | 5.73 | 6.20 |
Below, time metrics for batch size = 4, input length = 32.
| operators_to_quantize | node_exclusion | per_channel | | latency_mean (original, ms) | latency_mean (optimized, ms) | | throughput (original, /s) | throughput (optimized, /s) |
| :-------------------: | :------------------------------------------------------: | :---------: | :-: | :-------------------------: | :--------------------------: | :-: | :-----------------------: | :------------------------: |
| `['Add', 'MatMul']` | `['layernorm', 'gelu', 'residual', 'gather', 'softmax']` | `False` | \| | 503.83 | 219.62 | \| | 2.00 | 4.60 |
| `['Add', 'MatMul']` | `['layernorm', 'gelu', 'residual', 'gather', 'softmax']` | `True` | \| | 603.26 | 266.15 | \| | 1.67 | 3.80 |
| `['Add', 'MatMul']` | `[]` | `False` | \| | 654.79 | 217.45 | \| | 1.53 | 4.60 |
| `['Add', 'MatMul']` | `[]` | `True` | \| | 654.33 | 219.54 | \| | 1.53 | 4.60 |
| `['Add']` | `['layernorm', 'gelu', 'residual', 'gather', 'softmax']` | `False` | \| | 654.20 | 481.61 | \| | 1.53 | 2.13 |
| `['Add']` | `['layernorm', 'gelu', 'residual', 'gather', 'softmax']` | `True` | \| | 609.81 | 632.73 | \| | 1.67 | 1.60 |
| `['Add']` | `[]` | `False` | \| | 588.86 | 602.91 | \| | 1.73 | 1.67 |
| `['Add']` | `[]` | `True` | \| | 666.98 | 655.32 | \| | 1.53 | 1.53 |
Below, time metrics for batch size = 4, input length = 64.
| operators_to_quantize | node_exclusion | per_channel | | latency_mean (original, ms) | latency_mean (optimized, ms) | | throughput (original, /s) | throughput (optimized, /s) |
| :-------------------: | :------------------------------------------------------: | :---------: | :-: | :-------------------------: | :--------------------------: | :-: | :-----------------------: | :------------------------: |
| `['Add', 'MatMul']` | `['layernorm', 'gelu', 'residual', 'gather', 'softmax']` | `False` | \| | 656.87 | 216.32 | \| | 1.53 | 4.67 |
| `['Add', 'MatMul']` | `['layernorm', 'gelu', 'residual', 'gather', 'softmax']` | `True` | \| | 507.24 | 265.62 | \| | 2.00 | 3.80 |
| `['Add', 'MatMul']` | `[]` | `False` | \| | 655.36 | 219.61 | \| | 1.53 | 4.60 |
| `['Add', 'MatMul']` | `[]` | `True` | \| | 613.28 | 220.96 | \| | 1.67 | 4.53 |
| `['Add']` | `['layernorm', 'gelu', 'residual', 'gather', 'softmax']` | `False` | \| | 656.30 | 652.72 | \| | 1.53 | 1.53 |
| `['Add']` | `['layernorm', 'gelu', 'residual', 'gather', 'softmax']` | `True` | \| | 521.09 | 472.90 | \| | 1.93 | 2.13 |
| `['Add']` | `[]` | `False` | \| | 655.37 | 473.77 | \| | 1.53 | 2.13 |
| `['Add']` | `[]` | `True` | \| | 653.62 | 468.82 | \| | 1.53 | 2.13 |
Below, time metrics for batch size = 4, input length = 128.
| operators_to_quantize | node_exclusion | per_channel | | latency_mean (original, ms) | latency_mean (optimized, ms) | | throughput (original, /s) | throughput (optimized, /s) |
| :-------------------: | :------------------------------------------------------: | :---------: | :-: | :-------------------------: | :--------------------------: | :-: | :-----------------------: | :------------------------: |
| `['Add', 'MatMul']` | `['layernorm', 'gelu', 'residual', 'gather', 'softmax']` | `False` | \| | 654.24 | 216.82 | \| | 1.53 | 4.67 |
| `['Add', 'MatMul']` | `['layernorm', 'gelu', 'residual', 'gather', 'softmax']` | `True` | \| | 657.16 | 240.11 | \| | 1.53 | 4.20 |
| `['Add', 'MatMul']` | `[]` | `False` | \| | 504.14 | 217.47 | \| | 2.00 | 4.60 |
| `['Add', 'MatMul']` | `[]` | `True` | \| | 655.94 | 220.12 | \| | 1.53 | 4.60 |
| `['Add']` | `['layernorm', 'gelu', 'residual', 'gather', 'softmax']` | `False` | \| | 653.99 | 479.06 | \| | 1.53 | 2.13 |
| `['Add']` | `['layernorm', 'gelu', 'residual', 'gather', 'softmax']` | `True` | \| | 642.48 | 666.28 | \| | 1.60 | 1.53 |
| `['Add']` | `[]` | `False` | \| | 656.34 | 661.24 | \| | 1.53 | 1.53 |
| `['Add']` | `[]` | `True` | \| | 661.86 | 472.49 | \| | 1.53 | 2.13 |
Below, time metrics for batch size = 8, input length = 32.
| operators_to_quantize | node_exclusion | per_channel | | latency_mean (original, ms) | latency_mean (optimized, ms) | | throughput (original, /s) | throughput (optimized, /s) |
| :-------------------: | :------------------------------------------------------: | :---------: | :-: | :-------------------------: | :--------------------------: | :-: | :-----------------------: | :------------------------: |
| `['Add', 'MatMul']` | `['layernorm', 'gelu', 'residual', 'gather', 'softmax']` | `False` | \| | 1294.07 | 472.54 | \| | 0.80 | 2.13 |
| `['Add', 'MatMul']` | `['layernorm', 'gelu', 'residual', 'gather', 'softmax']` | `True` | \| | 1287.58 | 542.72 | \| | 0.80 | 1.87 |
| `['Add', 'MatMul']` | `[]` | `False` | \| | 1033.37 | 433.32 | \| | 1.00 | 2.33 |
| `['Add', 'MatMul']` | `[]` | `True` | \| | 1030.14 | 542.36 | \| | 1.00 | 1.87 |
| `['Add']` | `['layernorm', 'gelu', 'residual', 'gather', 'softmax']` | `False` | \| | 953.27 | 926.14 | \| | 1.07 | 1.13 |
| `['Add']` | `['layernorm', 'gelu', 'residual', 'gather', 'softmax']` | `True` | \| | 1173.01 | 995.22 | \| | 0.87 | 1.07 |
| `['Add']` | `[]` | `False` | \| | 1280.07 | 926.97 | \| | 0.80 | 1.13 |
| `['Add']` | `[]` | `True` | \| | 1283.70 | 927.87 | \| | 0.80 | 1.13 |
Below, time metrics for batch size = 8, input length = 64.
| operators_to_quantize | node_exclusion | per_channel | | latency_mean (original, ms) | latency_mean (optimized, ms) | | throughput (original, /s) | throughput (optimized, /s) |
| :-------------------: | :------------------------------------------------------: | :---------: | :-: | :-------------------------: | :--------------------------: | :-: | :-----------------------: | :------------------------: |
| `['Add', 'MatMul']` | `['layernorm', 'gelu', 'residual', 'gather', 'softmax']` | `False` | \| | 1273.61 | 435.27 | \| | 0.80 | 2.33 |
| `['Add', 'MatMul']` | `['layernorm', 'gelu', 'residual', 'gather', 'softmax']` | `True` | \| | 1157.00 | 542.75 | \| | 0.87 | 1.87 |
| `['Add', 'MatMul']` | `[]` | `False` | \| | 968.85 | 537.65 | \| | 1.07 | 1.87 |
| `['Add', 'MatMul']` | `[]` | `True` | \| | 1107.66 | 472.53 | \| | 0.93 | 2.13 |
| `['Add']` | `['layernorm', 'gelu', 'residual', 'gather', 'softmax']` | `False` | \| | 1270.30 | 1092.10 | \| | 0.80 | 0.93 |
| `['Add']` | `['layernorm', 'gelu', 'residual', 'gather', 'softmax']` | `True` | \| | 1263.29 | 1012.66 | \| | 0.80 | 1.00 |
| `['Add']` | `[]` | `False` | \| | 1007.19 | 1331.12 | \| | 1.07 | 0.80 |
| `['Add']` | `[]` | `True` | \| | 1286.51 | 1317.96 | \| | 0.80 | 0.80 |
Below, time metrics for batch size = 8, input length = 128.
| operators_to_quantize | node_exclusion | per_channel | | latency_mean (original, ms) | latency_mean (optimized, ms) | | throughput (original, /s) | throughput (optimized, /s) |
| :-------------------: | :------------------------------------------------------: | :---------: | :-: | :-------------------------: | :--------------------------: | :-: | :-----------------------: | :------------------------: |
| `['Add', 'MatMul']` | `['layernorm', 'gelu', 'residual', 'gather', 'softmax']` | `False` | \| | 1188.98 | 537.58 | \| | 0.87 | 1.87 |
| `['Add', 'MatMul']` | `['layernorm', 'gelu', 'residual', 'gather', 'softmax']` | `True` | \| | 951.31 | 489.40 | \| | 1.07 | 2.07 |
| `['Add', 'MatMul']` | `[]` | `False` | \| | 1278.73 | 537.52 | \| | 0.80 | 1.87 |
| `['Add', 'MatMul']` | `[]` | `True` | \| | 1005.38 | 440.01 | \| | 1.07 | 2.33 |
| `['Add']` | `['layernorm', 'gelu', 'residual', 'gather', 'softmax']` | `False` | \| | 1265.55 | 1304.51 | \| | 0.80 | 0.80 |
| `['Add']` | `['layernorm', 'gelu', 'residual', 'gather', 'softmax']` | `True` | \| | 1186.54 | 934.09 | \| | 0.87 | 1.13 |
| `['Add']` | `[]` | `False` | \| | 1276.38 | 1319.84 | \| | 0.80 | 0.80 |
| `['Add']` | `[]` | `True` | \| | 981.81 | 940.69 | \| | 1.07 | 1.07 |
|