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[ "Q:\n\nCreate HTML lists from PHP arrays\n\nI am trying to create various, standard HTML list styles from PHP arrays for a movie database I'm building as part of my final year project at university, however I'm having some trouble accessing/understanding how to do this. ", "I've got the relevant data from the various APIs I'm using, but I'd like to create the entire list dynamically, dropping in the correct bits of information where appropriate.", "\nDetails of the two list styles I'm looking to create are below.", "\nList style 1 - Character/Cast details\nFor the first style of list, I'd like to create it as:\n<ul>\n <li>Cast name - Character name</li>\n <li>Cast name - Character name</li>\n <li>etc. ", "etc.</li>\n<ul>\n\nMy data set direct from the array looks like this:\nArray\n(\n\n[abridged_cast] => Array\n (\n [0] => Array\n (\n [name] => Daniel Craig\n [id] => 162687443\n [characters] => Array\n (\n [0] => James Bond\n )\n\n )\n\n [1] => Array\n (\n [name] => Javier Bardem\n [id] => 162661456\n [characters] => Array\n (\n [0] => Silva\n )\n\n )\n\n [2] => Array\n (\n [name] => Judi Dench\n [id] => 162652435\n [characters] => Array\n (\n [0] => M\n )\n\n )\n\n [3] => Array\n (\n [name] => Ralph Fiennes\n [id] => 162653681\n [characters] => Array\n (\n [0] => Gareth Mallory\n [1] => Mallory\n )\n\n )\n\n [4] => Array\n (\n [name] => Naomie Harris\n [id] => 162705781\n [characters] => Array\n (\n [0] => Eve\n )\n\n )\n\n )\n\nIn the above example, there's five cast members w/ their respective character names, however on some other examples, there's more or less than five, so, ideally, I'd want the system to know however many cast members were given and create a list for each, up to a maximum of 10 names.", "\nList style 2 - Videos\nSimilar to the last style, however this list will hopefully look like this:\n<ul>\n <li><a href='<http://youtube.com/<dynamically generated URL direct to the clip>'><img src='dynamically generated URL to the clip's thumbnail' /></a></li>\n <li>same as above...</li>\n</ul>\n\nThe source array looks like this:\nArray\n(\n[id] => 37724\n[youtube] => Array\n (\n [0] => Array\n (\n [name] => Trailer\n [size] => HQ\n [source] => 24mTIE4D9JM\n )\n\n [1] => Array\n (\n [name] => Official Trailer\n [size] => HD\n [source] => 6kw1UVovByw\n )\n\n [2] => Array\n (\n [name] => Trailer 1\n [size] => HD\n [source] => 1Uyjf5Pp0Ko\n )\n\n [3] => Array\n (\n [name] => Trailer 2\n [size] => HD\n [source] => 5Ejo9_3iUpw\n )\n\n )\n\n)\n\nApologies for the length of this post, thanks in advance to anyone who may be able to assist!", "\n\nA:\n\nThe thing you are looking for is called a foreach loop. ", "For your first example it would look something like this:\nforeach($dataSet['abridged_cast'] as $castMember){\n echo '<li>'.$castMember['name'].'-'.implode(', ', $castMember['characters']). '", "</li>';\n}\n\nNow this example is purely illustratory though it most definetely be the begginers approach.", "\nStill, I would strongly recommend investigating MVC patterns and PHP frameworks, like for example YII. ", "If deployed and configured right YII with all its goodness should make all the repetitive work done for you here.", "\nI've seen that your question contains two parts, though I am not willing to write a sample for the second one, since it is practically the same as the first and with proper attention - you will get on track and figure it out.", "\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

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[ "The present invention relates to programmable devices, and more particularly relates to a structure for storing information for controlling operation of a device including a plurality of programmable cells.", "\nA programmable device, typified by FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), includes a number of programmable cells which perform various operations, with each programmable cell carrying out a specific operation corresponding to the processing to be realized by the programmable device. ", "Such a programmable device, in which a large number of programmable cells are simultaneously operated to execute enormous operations typified by multimedia processing, has been attracting much attention recently. ", "Configuration information indicates what operation is to be executed by each programmable cell, and this configuration information is stored in an internal memory in each programmable cell.", "\nIn a known programmable device technique, all of the programmable cells have the same structure and include internal memories of the same structure (see U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "6,281,703).", "\nIn this known structure, however, every time the programmable device is powered on, configuration information must be stored in all of the programmable cells included in the programmable device. ", "The known technique thus has a problem in that the amount of time required for the configuration (which will be hereinafter referred to as a “configuration time”) is increased.", "\nAlso, the above-described programmable device, in which all of the programmable cells have the same structure and include internal memories of the same structure, has another problem in that the internal memories occupy a large circuit area in the device." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds" }

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[ "Cornwall’s Industrial Heritage\n\nThe historical importance of Cornwall lies in its industrial heritage\n\nCornwall was already established as the mining capital of the world, with the extraction of tin reaching its zenith in the 19th century, and latterly English China Clay. ", "It is world famous for its Camborne School of Mines, and today Cornwall is recognised as the Cornish Mining World Heritage Site.", "\n\nRemains of the crown mine at Botallack, part of the Cornwall Mining World Heritage Landscape\n\nA LEADER IN COMMUNICATIONS\n\nCornwall had always lead the way in communications throughout the ages, and it was at the forefront of the communications revolution. ", "In the days of sail Falmouth was the departure and arrival port for the Falmouth Packet Ships and effectively the mail hub of communications across the world before the arrival of steam.", "\n\nFollowing that, telegraph cables laid on the seabed from each of the different continents around the world, arrived ashore in the cove of Porthcurno on the western tip of Cornwall. ", "It is considered the most connected valley on the planet, and from there the communications were fed to London.", "\n\nLater still Poldhu Wireless Centre, West Cornwall, became the site of one of the main technological advances of the early twentieth century when, on 12 December 1901, a wireless signal was sent in Poldhu to St John’s, Newfoundland, and received by Marconi. ", "The technology was a precursor to radio, television, satellites and the internet, with the earth station at Goonhilly Downs a nearby example. ", "Indeed Goonhilly was at one time the largest satellite earth station in the world, with more than 25 communications dishes in use and over 60 in total.", "\n\nCORNWALL AND THE START OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION\n\nCornwall was also made famous by Richard Trevithick for his invention of the high-pressure steam engine, and the importance this played in starting the industrial revolution in Britain, and indeed across the world.", "\n\nAn early high pressure steam engine farm vehicle in Cornwall\n\nRichard Trevithick’s advances in steam engine technology – originally motivated by the need to pump water out of mines – ultimately enabled the development of steam trains, changing the world forever through the mass movement of people and goods." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.0006464591715484858, 0.0008768873522058129, 0.0005902756820432842, 0.0007206872687675059, 0.0005967351025901735, 0.0006583171198144555, 0.0006419814890250564, 0.0006801089039072394, 0.0006755691138096154, 0.0006233283784240484, 0.0006694059702567756 ]

[ "Introduction {#s1}\n============\n\nTick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is a zoonotic tick-borne virus in the *Flaviviridae* family (genus *Flavivirus*). ", "It is the causative agent of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), a serious neurological disease in humans. ", "During the last few decades, TBE has become a widespread public health concern in Eurasia with endemic regions extending from Western and Central Europe to Siberia and parts of Asia (Süss, [@B39]). ", "The various strains of TBEV are subdivided into three main subtypes that are closely related genetically and antigenically: European (Eu), Siberian (Sib), and Far-Eastern (FE) (Gritsun et al., [", "@B11]; Mansfield et al., [", "@B29]). ", "TBEV-Eu is widely distributed in Europe, including the European regions of Russia, while TBEV-Sib is mainly found in Russia, the Baltic countries and Finland (Mansfield et al., [", "@B29]; Kovalev and Mukhacheva, [@B23]). ", "TBEV-FE is present in Far-Eastern Russia and parts of China, Japan, and the Republic of Korea (Mansfield et al., [", "@B29]). ", "Human infections with TBEV can range from mild flu-like symptoms to severe or fatal neuroinvasive disease, often with long-term neurological symptoms. ", "There is a correlation between the TBEV subtype and severity of disease. ", "TBEV-FE is associated with severe neurological disease and a case fatality rate of approximately 30--40%, while the case fatality rates for TBEV-Sib and TBEV-Eu are approximately 6--8% and 1--2%, respectively (Gritsun et al., [", "@B11]; Tonteri et al., [", "@B43]). ", "Although the incidence rates vary from year to year and between subtypes, several thousand human TBE cases are reported annually (CDC Tick-borne Encephalitis, [@B4]).", "\n\nIn nature, the *Ixodes ricinus* tick is the primary vector for TBEV-Eu while the *Ixodes persulcatus* tick is the main vector for the TBEV-Sib and TBEV-FE (Gritsun et al., [", "@B12]). *", "I. ricinus* is widely distributed throughout Europe, extending to Turkey, and northern Iran, while *I. persulcatus* is distributed across the Urals, Siberia, Far-Eastern Russia, and parts of China and Japan (Gritsun et al., [", "@B11]; Lindquist and Vapalahti, [@B27]). ", "A sympatric zone exists in northern Baltics, western Finland and northwestern Russia where the habitats for *I. ricinus* and *I. persulcatus* overlap and multiple TBEV subtypes have been recorded (Lindquist and Vapalahti, [@B27]; Süss, [@B39]; Kovalev and Mukhacheva, [@B23]). ", "TBEV is maintained in natural transmission cycles involving ixodid ticks and wild-living mammalian hosts. ", "When infected with TBEV, a tick is supposed to remain infected throughout its life cycle (Gritsun et al., [", "@B11]). ", "Transovarial transmission of TBEV from an infected female tick to the egg mass can occur, but this route of tick infection is not entirely efficient at maintaining TBEV within the natural tick population (Danielová et al., [", "@B5]). ", "During the tick feeding process, TBEV-infected ticks can transmit the virus to susceptible vertebrate hosts, but they can also transmit TBEV to uninfected ticks that are co-feeding on the same host (Mansfield et al., [", "@B29]; Randolph, [@B34]). ", "During co-feeding, TBEV can be transmitted even non-viremically i.e., when the ticks feed on a non-viremic or virus- immune host (Labuda et al., [", "@B25], [@B26]). ", "The local skin site of tick feeding is understood to be an important focus for early TBEV replication, and immune cell infiltrates to this feeding site are believed to serve as vehicles for TBEV transmission between co-feeding ticks (Labuda et al., [", "@B24]).", "\n\nInfectious agents transmitted by ticks are delivered to the vertebrate host together with saliva at the tick feeding site. ", "Tick-borne viruses are transmitted to the host very early during the tick feeding process. ", "TBEV can be transmitted from the saliva of an *I. ricinus* tick to the cement cone in the skin of a host as early as 1 h after the tick attaches and initiates feeding (Alekseev et al., [", "@B1]). ", "As *I. ricinus* and *I. persulcatus* ticks feed, TBEV replicates to higher viral titers than in unfed ticks (Alekseev and Chunikhin, [@B2]; Belova et al., [", "@B3]; Slovák et al., [", "@B38]). ", "The dynamic nature of TBEV replication in ticks has also been demonstrated in field-collected ticks. ", "In partially engorged *I. ricinus* nymphs removed from humans, TBEV prevalence was higher than in questing, unfed nymphs collected in the same region (Süss et al., [", "@B40]). ", "Experimental data suggest that in nature, ticks secrete repeated \"pulses\" of a few infectious virus particles over the course of feeding (Kaufman and Nuttall, [@B19]). ", "Thus, virus transmission from an infected tick to a host is a very dynamic process that begins soon after the tick initiates feeding.", "\n\nIxodid ticks must remain attached to their hosts for several days to successfully acquire a bloodmeal and complete development, and have evolved salivary countermeasures directed against the host\\'s immune and hemostatic defenses. ", "Tick salivary glands produce complex cocktails of biologically active molecules that facilitate blood feeding and pathogen transmission by modulating host hemostasis, pain/itch responses, wound healing, and both innate and adaptive immunity. ", "Bioactive tick salivary molecules include those with anti-pain/itch, antiplatelet, anticoagulation, vasodilatory, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory activities (Ribeiro et al., [", "@B35], Francischetti et al., [", "@B8]; Kazimírová and Štibrániová, [@B20]; Wikel, [@B44]; Šimo et al., [", "@B41]). ", "As the course of tick feeding progresses, salivary gland genes are differentially expressed, reflecting the dynamic and complex composition of tick saliva (Ribeiro et al., [", "@B35]; Šimo et al., [", "@B41]).", "\n\nThe skin is the first host organ that tick saliva and a tick-borne pathogen contact during the tick feeding process. ", "The cutaneous interface between the tick, pathogen, and host is crucial for influencing the initial host response to tick infestation and pathogen transmission (Kazimírová et al., [", "@B22]; Šimo et al., [", "@B41]). ", "A prior study examined the tick-induced changes in cutaneous gene expression and histopathology during the early stages of uninfected *Ixodes scapularis* feeding. ", "Early transcriptional and histopathological changes at the feeding site of uninfected *I. scapularis* nymphs are initially characterized by modulation of host responses in resident cells, followed by progression to a neutrophil-dominated immune response after 12 h of tick feeding (Heinze et al., [", "@B14]). ", "Similarly, a complex proinflammatory environment was observed at the Powassan virus (POWV), a North American tick-borne flavivirus, infected tick feeding site. ", "Together these findings from the cutaneous interface provide evidence of an immunologically privileged micro-environment at the tick feeding site that is established during the early stages of POWV-infected tick feeding (Hermance and Thangamani, [@B16]; Hermance et al., [", "@B15]).", "\n\nIn the present study, Illumina Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) and immunohistochemistry are utilized to understand host immunomodulation induced by TBEV-infected *I. ricinus* feeding at the earliest stages of TBEV transmission. ", "By studying the interactions between the host immune response and tick-mediated immunomodulation during the early hours of infected tick feeding, we can begin to understand the immunologic processes that facilitate transmission of a tick-borne flavivirus to a host.", "\n\nMaterials and methods {#s2}\n=====================\n\nEthics statement\n----------------\n\nAll experiments involving mice were performed in accordance with the animal use protocol approved by the State Veterinary and Food Administration of the Slovak Republic (permit number 1335/12-221).", "\n\nAnimals\n-------\n\nFive-week-old female BALB/c mice were purchased from Dobra Voda Breeding Station, Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Slovak Academy of Sciences (SAS). ", "The animals were housed at the Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, SAS (Bratislava, Slovakia) under standard conditions. ", "Food and water were provided *ad libitum*. ", "Upon arrival, mice were allowed to adapt to the local environment before being incorporated into the study. ", "Mice were 6 weeks old at the start of the study. ", "At the end of the experiment animals were euthanized by cervical dislocation under anesthesia induced by carbon dioxide.", "\n\nVirus and tick infection\n------------------------\n\n*I. ricinus* ticks were obtained from a laboratory colony maintained at the Institute of Zoology SAS (Bratislava, Slovakia). ", "The F1 generation of laboratory-bred *I. ricinus* females was used for virus inoculation. ", "TBEV (Hypr strain prepared as a 10% mouse brain suspension of 1.1 × 10^9^ PFU/ml in Leibovitz\\'s L-15 medium) was provided by the Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, SAS. ", "Fasting *I. ricinus* females were inoculated into the haemocoel with TBEV (5.5 x 10^4^ PFU per tick) through the coxal plate of the second pair of legs using a digital microinjector TM system (MINJ-D-CE; Tritech Research, Inc., USA) (Kazimírová et al., [", "@B21]). ", "By this procedure, \\~100% of the ticks were found to acquire TBEV infection (Slovák et al., [", "@B38]). ", "Inoculated ticks were incubated at room temperature and 85% relative humidity in a desiccator for 21 days prior to the infestation experiments.", "\n\nInfestation of mice by ticks\n----------------------------\n\nTwo groups of mice (*n* = 6 per group) were infested with either TBEV-infected or uninfected (control) *I. ricinus* females. ", "Ticks were placed in small neoprene capsules glued on the shaved backs of the mice (two capsules per mouse, four tick females per capsule) (Kazimírová et al., [", "@B21]; Hermance and Thangamani, [@B16]). ", "Ticks in each capsule were allowed to feed for either 1 or 3 h. After the allotted feeding time, skin biopsies were taken from euthanized mice, at each tick feeding site using a Premier Uni-Punch (Premier Products Co., Plymouth Meeting, PA). ", "For immunohistochemical analysis, skin biopsies (*n* = 3) were harvested with attached ticks and placed in 4% formaldehyde. ", "For RNA extraction, the attached ticks were removed from the skin biopsies and the biopsies (*n* = 3) were placed in RNALater (Ambion, Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA). ", "Control biopsies were taken from the shaved skin of naïve tick-free mice and stored in either 4% formaldehyde or RNALater.", "\n\nCutaneous immune response\n-------------------------\n\nTotal RNA was extracted as previously described (Heinze et al., [", "@B14]; Hermance and Thangamani, [@B16]) and RNAseq analysis (Illumina deep sequencing / NGS) was performed on these samples. ", "Briefly, 1 μg of total RNA from mouse skin biopsies (*n* = 3) was poly A+ selected and fragmented using divalent cations and heat (94°C, 8 min). ", "Illumina TruSeq v2 sample preparation kits (Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA) were used for the RNA-Seq library construction. ", "Each sample library was uniquely indexed to allow combining libraries during sequencing and subsequent separation post-sequencing. ", "NGS was performed at the NGS core facility, Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB). ", "Sample libraries were analyzed by the Illumina HiSeq 1500 using a 2 × 50 base paired end run protocol, with TruSeq v3 sequencing-by-synthesis chemistry. ", "Reads were aligned to the mouse mm10 reference genome using TopHat version v2.0.4. ", "Cuffdiff version 2.0.2 was used to estimate differential gene expression between TBEV-infected and uninfected feeding sites after 1 or 3 h of tick feeding. ", "The total dataset of 23,000 genes was filtered for *p*-values ≤ 0.05 and a fold change ≤ −1.5 or ≥ +1.5. ", "The Log~2~(fold change) and *p*-value data for each gene expression comparison (Supplement Table [1](#SM1){ref-type=\"supplementary-material\"}) were then uploaded to Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software (Ingenuity Systems, Redwood City, CA) for further transcriptional analysis of the early cutaneous immune response, as previously described (Heinze et al., [", "@B14]; Hermance and Thangamani, [@B16]).", "\n\nReal-time PCR validation\n------------------------\n\nReal-time PCR was used to validate the NGS data (Supplement Table [1](#SM1){ref-type=\"supplementary-material\"}). ", "Skin biopsies were harvested from the feeding sites of TBEV-infected and uninfected ticks as described above. ", "At each time point, biopsies from three mice were used for the real-time PCR validation. ", "Fifteen gene targets were selected for real-time PCR analysis. ", "We selected these genes based our previous studies with POWV where these genes were shown to be modulated genes of interest during the host anti-tick response to POWV infection (Hermance and Thangamani, [@B16], [@B17]). ", "This list also includes genes that were not differentially modulated as per RNASeq analysis. ", "Primers were purchased from Integrated DNA Technologies and the primer sequences are provided in Supplement Table 2. ", "Primers were mixed with IQ SYBR green supermix (Bio-Rad) and loaded into iCycler IQ PCR 96-well plates (Bio-Rad) to create customized PCR arrays where each gene was measured in triplicate. ", "For each PCR plate, 1 μg of total RNA extracted from skin biopsies was converted into cDNA using the RT^2^ First Strand kit (Qiagen). ", "cDNA was loaded onto the 96-well PCR plates, which were run on an iCycler iQ5 real-time PCR instrument (Bio-Rad) with the following cycling protocol: 10 min at 95°C; 15 s at 95°C, 1 min 60°C for 40 cycles, and an 80-cycle (+0.5°C /cycle) 55--95°C melt curve. ", "Every array included GAPDH as an endogenous control gene and a no-template control. ", "The iCycler\\'s software was used to calculate the threshold cycle (C~T~) values for all analyzed genes. ", "The delta-delta C~T~ method was used to calculate fold-changes in gene expression between TBEV-infected and uninfected tick feeding sites. ", "Data normalization was achieved by correcting all C~T~ values to the average C~T~ values of the GAPDH housekeeping gene. ", "Statistically significant differences in gene expression between the 1 vs. 3 h tick feeding time points were determined by the Student\\'s *t*-test. *", "P*-values less than 0.05 were considered significant. ", "SPSS statistical software was used.", "\n\nImmunohistochemistry\n--------------------\n\nThe skin biopsies with attached ticks were formalin-fixed for a minimum of 48 h in 4% formaldehyde. ", "These biopsy samples were treated with Decal (Decal Chemical Corp, Tallman, NY) for 2 h, and then paraffin-embedded (Heinze et al., [", "@B14]). ", "Five micron paraffin sections were taken from each sample and adhered to glass slides. ", "The slides were deparaffinized in xylene and then rehydrated in decreasing concentrations of ethanol (Hermance et al., [", "@B15]). ", "For antigen retrieval, the slides were treated with 10 mM Tris Base + 0.05% Tween 20 (pH 10) for 20 min with microwave heating. ", "Upon returning to room temperature, endogenous peroxidase quenching was performed by incubating the slides in 4% H~2~O~2~ for 30 min. ", "The primary antibody for TBEV detection used in this study was a Hyper Mouse Immune Ascitic Fluid (HMIAF) antibody against TBEV; therefore, the Mouse-On-Mouse kit (MOM, Vector labs, Burlingame, CA) was used in order to reduce the endogenous mouse Ig background staining generated when mouse primary antibodies are used on mouse tissue (Santos et al., [", "@B36]). ", "Slides were incubated for 1 h at room temperature with the MOM mouse Ig blocking reagent. ", "The HMIAF primary antibody against TBEV was diluted 1:250 in the MOM diluent and incubated for 30 min at room temperature. ", "Secondary antibody consisted of MOM biotinylated horse anti-mouse IgG reagent, which was incubated for 30 min at room temperature. ", "The biotinylated secondary antibody was detected with a streptavidin-peroxidase ultrasensitive polymer (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) followed by staining with the NovaRED HRP substrate kit (Vector Laboratories Inc., Burlingame, CA). ", "Slides were counterstained with Harris hematoxylin and coverslips were mounted using Permount (ThermoFisher Scientific, Waltham, MA). ", "Uninfected skin and tick biopsy sections generated from uninfected tick feeding sites were used as negative controls to verify the specificity of the MIAF anti-TBEV primary antibody. ", "Secondary antibody only (no primary antibody) controls were used to confirm that the MOM biotinylated anti-mouse IgG reagent did not bind non-specifically to cellular components.", "\n\nResults and discussion {#s3}\n======================\n\nIn the present study, the host cutaneous immune response to TBEV-infected *I. ricinus* feeding after 1 and 3 h of tick attachment was investigated by Illumina NGS and immunohistochemistry. ", "No prior studies have examined the early host immune response at the feeding site of a TBEV-infected tick. ", "We also used the RNASeq data to check for the presence of TBEV at the infected tick feeding site by aligning the sequences against a TBEV reference genome (NM_001672). ", "TBEV sequences were detected in the 3 hpi (hours post infection), but not in the 1 hpi samples (Figure [1A](#F1){ref-type=\"fig\"}).", "\n\n). **(", "E)** The immune genes selected for validation were shown to be modulated genes of interest during the host anti-tick response in previous studies. ", "Pre-optimized primers were purchased from IDT and used for the real-time PCR validation. ", "The delta-delta CT method was used to calculate fold-changes in gene expression between TBEV-infected and uninfected tick feeding sites as described in the methods section. ", "GAPDH was used as an endogenous control gene. ", "Statistically significant differences in gene expression between the 1 vs. 3 h tick feeding time points were determined by the Student\\'s *t*-test. *", "P*-values less than 0.05 were considered significant. ", "Significant differences are indicated by asterisks.](fcimb-07-00494-g0001){#F1}\n\nThe differences in the total number of significantly up- and downregulated host genes (*p* ≤ 0.05) between TBEV-infected and uninfected tick feeding sites as well as between TBEV-infected feeding sites 1 and 3 h post tick attachment are shown in Figure [1B](#F1){ref-type=\"fig\"}. ", "When the TBEV-infected and uninfected tick feeding sites were compared, the total number of significantly upregulated genes decreased from 1 to 3 h, while there was an overall increase in significantly downregulated genes from 1 to 3 h tick attachment. ", "An online tool (Oliveros, [@B30]) was used to generate a Venn diagram showing the overlap of significantly modulated genes between the 1 and 3 h comparison of the TBEV-infected vs. uninfected tick feeding sites (Figure [1C](#F1){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "10.2% of significantly modulated genes were shared between the three comparisons; however, the majority of significantly modulated genes were unique to either the 1 h TBEV-infected vs. 1 h uninfected tick feeding site (18.7%), the 3 h TBEV-infected vs. 3 h uninfected tick feeding site (25.7%), or the 3 h TBEV-infected vs. 1 h TBEV-infected tick feeding site (14%). ", "Additionally, a list of all modulated genes at either time point in the study was used to generate a heat map (Figure [1D](#F1){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "This heat map suggests that after 1 h of TBEV-infected tick feeding, there was a pattern of mostly upregulated cutaneous genes; however, after 3 h, the pattern changed to downregulation. ", "This pattern of gene expression was further validated by the real-time PCR data. ", "Though we could not recapitulate the exact fold changes of the selected immune genes observed by RNASeq data, our data clearly concur with the expression pattern of the selected genes: upregulation at 1 hpi and downregulation at 3 hpi (Figure [1E](#F1){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "Together these data suggest that a distinctive cutaneous immune response profile exists after 1 h of TBEV-infected tick feeding, but it changes to reflect a new and unique profile after 3 h. This change in gene expression profile could be attributed to the dynamic salivary secretion and physical injury during tick attachment/feeding mechanisms.", "\n\nIngenuity pathway analysis\n--------------------------\n\nIn total, 1,548 genes were analyzed by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software (Supplement Table [1](#SM1){ref-type=\"supplementary-material\"}). ", "The focus of the present study is on the cutaneous immune response observed at the TBEV-infected vs. the uninfected tick feeding sites after 1 and 3 h of tick feeding. ", "The networks generated from IPA analysis illustrate the interrelationships between genes and the temporal changes in gene modulation. ", "The top IPA-generated networks are shown for the TBEV-infected vs. uninfected tick feeding sites after 1 h of tick feeding (Figure [2A](#F2){ref-type=\"fig\"}), the TBEV-infected vs. uninfected tick feeding sites after 3 h of tick feeding (Figure [2B](#F2){ref-type=\"fig\"}), and the TBEV-infected tick feeding site after 3 h of tick feeding vs. the TBEV-infected tick feeding site after 1 h of feeding (Figure [2C](#F2){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "The three bio-functions most associated with the networks representing the TBEV-infected vs. uninfected comparisons (Figures [2A,B](#F2){ref-type=\"fig\"}) are cellular movement, organismal injury and abnormalities, and hematological system development and function. ", "After 1 h of TBEV-infected tick feeding, 19 host genes shown in the Figure [2A](#F2){ref-type=\"fig\"} network were downregulated and 16 host genes were upregulated. ", "After 3 h of TBEV-infected tick feeding, 22 host genes in the Figure [2B](#F2){ref-type=\"fig\"} network were downregulated, 12 were upregulated, and one gene (Ngp) had a fold change of zero. ", "Thus, as 1 h progressed to 3 h of TBEV-infected tick feeding, the network displayed a slight shift toward cutaneous gene downregulation (Figure [2](#F2){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "The IPA-generated network for the TBEV-infected 3 h vs. the TBEV-infected 1 h tick feeding site (Figure [2C](#F2){ref-type=\"fig\"}) is unique from the Figures [2A,B](#F2){ref-type=\"fig\"} networks, as it lacks Ccl2, KLF2, and ZBTB16, but instead includes 20 unique genes which contribute to this network\\'s association with bio-functions such as molecular transport, organismal injury and abnormalities, and cellular movement.", "\n\n{#F2}\n\nIn both the 1 and 3 h comparisons between TBEV-infected vs. uninfected tick feeding sites, inflammatory response was the primary predicted host response. ", "Based on the IPA transcriptional immunoprofiling, the inflammatory response was projected to be activated in the 1 h comparison of the TBEV-infected vs. uninfected tick feeding site (activation z-score = 1.549), and inhibited in the 3 h comparison (activation z-score = −1.26). ", "Temporal changes in gene expression for all genes predicted to have direct correlative relationships with the inflammatory response were plotted after 1 or 3 h of TBEV-infected vs. uninfected tick feeding (Figure [3](#F3){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "Transcriptional levels of cytokines Ccl2, Ccl12, Cxcl1, Cxcl2, Cxcl5, IL6, and IL10 were all upregulated after 1 h of TBEV-infected tick feeding, thus contributing to the overall activation of the inflammatory response (Figure [3](#F3){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "At the 3 h time point, the majority of these cytokine transcriptional level were still upregulated, with the exception of Cxcl5 and IL10, which were both slightly downregulated. ", "Real-time PCR validation of a few selected immune genes followed the general pattern observed in the Illumina NGS analysis (Figure [1E](#F1){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "All of the enzymes projected to have a direct, correlative relationship with the inflammatory response were downregulated at 3 h, further contributing to the predicted inhibition of the inflammatory response at the feeding site of a TBEV-infected tick (Figure [3](#F3){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "Additionally, transcript expression of several receptors (CCR1, CCR5, and Sell) were all significantly upregulated after 1 h of TBEV-infected tick feeding (Figure [3](#F3){ref-type=\"fig\"}), likely contributing to the overall accumulation of immune cells to the tick attachment site. ", "In summary, the cutaneous gene expression analysis indicates that the inflammatory response is activated after only 1 h of TBEV-infected tick feeding, and that increased recruitment and accumulation of immune cells is expected at the 1 h time point. ", "However, after 3 h of TBEV-infected tick feeding, the cutaneous inflammatory response is predicted to undergo slight inhibition, as demonstrated by the downregulated expression of over half of the genes shown to have a correlative relationship with the inflammatory response (Figure [3](#F3){ref-type=\"fig\"}).", "\n\n{#F3}\n\nAn IPA core comparison analysis was used to analyze changes in host cutaneous gene expression in response to TBEV-infected tick feeding vs. uninfected tick feeding observed across the two experimental time points (1 and 3 h). ", "Figure [4](#F4){ref-type=\"fig\"} shows activation status prediction networks for the top five immune responses or bio-functions generated from the IPA core comparison analysis. \"", "Maintenance of leukocytes\" was the top predicted bio-function in the core comparison analysis (Figure [4](#F4){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "This IPA category moniker refers to bio-functions associated with the normal cellular activities that maintain cellular homeostasis, including engulfment, phagocytosis, regulation, and stasis of cells. ", "The maintenance of leukocytes was predicted to be inhibited at both the 1 and 3 h comparisons of TBEV-infected vs. uninfected tick feeding (activation z-score = −2 for both time points). ", "At both the 1 and 3 h time points, GATA3 transcription was downregulated (Figure [4](#F4){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "GATA3 is a transcription factor required for both the maintenance and development of Th2 cells (Pai et al., [", "@B31]). ", "Furthermore, IL34, which is highly expressed by keratinocytes in the epidermis and plays an important role in the maintenance and development of Langerhans cells (Greter et al., [", "@B10]), was also downregulated after 1 and 3 h of TBEV-infected tick feeding (Figure [4](#F4){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "CCR4 knockout (CCR4^−/−^) bone marrow-derived dendritic cells are less efficient in the maintenance of Th17 responses compared to wild type dendritic cells (Poppensieker et al., [", "@B32]); therefore, the downregulation of CCR4 transcription in the present study contributes to the inhibition of leukocyte maintenance at the 1 and 3 h time points. ", "Mouse integrin subunit beta 7 (ITGB7) is necessary for the maintenance of memory T lymphocytes expressing the CD4 protein (Yang et al., [", "@B46]). ", "Since ITGB7 is downregulated in the present transcriptional immunoprofiling study, it likely contributes to the inhibited maintenance of memory CD4+ T cells after 1 and 3 h of TBEV-infected tick feeding.", "\n\n{#F4}\n\n\"Mobilization of phagocytes\" was the second predicted bio-function in the core comparison analysis. ", "After 1 and 3 h of TBEV-infected vs. uninfected tick feeding, the mobilization of phagocytes was predicted to be activated (activation z-score = 1.982 for both time points) (Figure [4](#F4){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "Monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, and mast cells are several of the professional phagocytic cells. ", "In mice, there are two Ccl2 homologs, Ccl2 and Ccl12, both of which are potent phagocyte chemoattractants. ", "The transcript levels of these two chemokines are upregulated at both the 1 and 3 h time points, thereby increasing the mobilization and chemotaxis of phagocytes at the TBEV-infected tick feeding site (Figures [3](#F3){ref-type=\"fig\"}, [4](#F4){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "CCR5 is known to regulate accumulation of activated macrophages in the West Nile virus-infected mouse brain (Glass et al., [", "@B9]), and upregulated transcription of this chemokine receptor in the present study likely contributes to the activated mobilization of phagocytes. ", "Mast cells and tissue resident macrophages release the potent neutrophil chemoattractants, Cxcl1 and Cxcl2 (De Filippo et al., [", "@B7], [@B6]). ", "In response to tissue inflammation, mast cells positioned near the vasculature initiate neutrophil infiltration from the circulation by releasing Cxcl1 and Cxcl2, while tissue resident macrophages also release Cxcl1 and Cxcl2, recruiting neutrophils deeper into the inflamed tissue (De Filippo et al., [", "@B6]). ", "In the present study transcript levels of both these chemokines are both upregulated during TBEV-infected tick feeding, thus contributing to the activated mobilization of neutrophils that infiltrate the tick feeding site very early (Figures [3](#F3){ref-type=\"fig\"}, [4](#F4){ref-type=\"fig\"}).", "\n\nThe third predicted bio-function generated in the IPA core comparison analysis was \"accumulation of helper T lymphocytes.\" ", "The activation z-score for this bio-function decreased from 2.19 at 1 h post-TBEV-infected tick feeding to 1.452 at the 3 h time point. ", "Transcript levels of CCR1 and Cxcl2 are upregulated at both time points in the present study and these genes are associated with the recruitment and accumulation of helper T lymphocytes at the cutaneous site of TBEV-infected tick feeding (Figure [4](#F4){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "Selectin L (SELL) is a cellular adhesion molecule found on the surface of most lymphocytes that mediates lymphocyte capture and rolling at sites of inflammation (Tedder et al., [", "@B42]). ", "In the present study, SELL transcription was upregulated at the 1 h time point, contributing to the IPA prediction that helper T lymphocytes are accumulating, but the downregulated transcription of SELL at 3 h is inconsistent with the predicted activation pattern, as depicted by the yellow arrow in Figure [4](#F4){ref-type=\"fig\"}. ", "TLR9, a receptor that preferentially binds unmethylated CpG sequences in bacterial and viral DNA, was downregulated in the present study (Figure [4](#F4){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "Here, the downregulation of TLR9 transcription is predicted to activate the accumulation of T lymphocytes at the skin feeding site of a TBEV-infected tick. ", "This prediction is supported by a recently developed mouse model of cutaneous lupus that is dependent on the expression of TLR7 and the loss of TLR9, which ultimately results in extensive accumulation of IFNγ-producing T lymphocytes (Mande et al., [", "@B28]). ", "Distal-less 3 (DLX3) is a transcription factor involved in the terminal differentiation of keratinocytes. ", "In a mouse model with epidermal ablation of DLX3, there was an increase of IL17-producing CD4^+^ T cells, CD8^+^ T cells, and γδ T cells in the skin and draining lymph nodes (Hwang et al., [", "@B18]); thus, the downregulated transcription of DLX3 in the skin biopsies from the present study likely contributes to the accumulation of helper T lymphocytes at the cutaneous feeding site of infected ticks (Figure [4](#F4){ref-type=\"fig\"}).", "\n\n\"Maintenance of cells\" was the fourth predicted bio-function in the IPA core comparison analysis. ", "This bio-function was predicted to be inhibited at both experimental time points (1 h activation z-score = −1.342, 3 h activation z-score = −2.236). ", "The \"maintenance of cells\" activation network is very similar to the top predicted network, \"maintenance of leukocytes\"; however, the only difference is that Sonic hedgehog (SHH) is present in the \"maintenance of cells\" network (Figure [4](#F4){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "The touch dome, a highly specialized mechanosensory epidermal structure composed of distinct keratinocytes in close association with innervated Merkel cells, is maintained by signaling with SHH to tissue-specific stem cells (Xiao et al., [", "@B45]). ", "In the present study SHH transcription is upregulated after 1 h of TBEV-infected tick feeding, a finding that is inconsistent with the predicted pattern of inhibited cell maintenance (depicted by the yellow arrow in Figure [4](#F4){ref-type=\"fig\"}); however, at the 3 h time point, SHH transcription was downregulated, contributing to the predicted inhibition of touch dome cell maintenance (Figure [4](#F4){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "Some damage to the perineural skin microenvironment is likely to occur because of the mechanical injury induced by tick feeding, and this could ultimately impact SHH signaling and the touch dome homeostasis.", "\n\nThe \"activation of neutrophils\" was the fifth predicted bio-function in the core comparison analysis. ", "After 1 h of TBEV-infected vs. uninfected tick feeding, neutrophil activation was predicted to be activated (activation z-score = 1.342); however, after 3 h, neutrophils were predicted to be inhibited (activation z-score = −2.236) (Figure [4](#F4){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "The upregulated transcription of Cxcl5 and TREML2 at the 1 h time point, followed by the downregulation of these genes at the 3 h time point contribute to this phenomenon because Cxcl5 is a chemokine involved in the activation of neutrophils (Proost et al., [", "@B33]) and TREML2 potentiates neutrophil activation in response to G protein-coupled receptor signaling (Halpert et al., [", "@B13]). ", "Likewise, Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) transcription was upregulated at 1 h post-TBEV-infected tick feeding and downregulated at 3 h. LCN2 is expressed in neutrophils and is a potent inducer of their chemotaxis and migration to sites of inflammation (Schroll et al., [", "@B37]); thus, its upregulation at the 1 h time point further contributes to the activation of neutrophils at the feeding site of TBEV-infected ticks. ", "VTCN1 belongs to the B7 family of costimulatory proteins. ", "VTCN1 inhibits the expansion of neutrophils from their progenitors, as demonstrated by VTCN1-deficient mice that display enhanced neutrophil-mediated innate immunity (Zhu et al., [", "@B47]); therefore, the downregulation of VTCN1 transcription after 1 h, and its upregulation after 3 h, contributes to the activation of neutrophils at the cutaneous feeding site of a TBEV-infected tick (Figure [4](#F4){ref-type=\"fig\"}).", "\n\nImmunohistochemistry\n--------------------\n\nImmunohistochemical analysis was performed at the feeding sites of TBEV-infected and uninfected *I. ricinus* to determine if the gene expression data could be correlated to the tissue morphology and inflammation. ", "The tick feeding site is characterized by extravasated erythrocytes and leucocytes, and with a steady influx of inflammatory cells. ", "As early as 1 h post-TBEV-infected tick feeding, neutrophils were observed at both infected and uninfected tick feeding sites, with a marked increase at the infected tick feeding site. ", "After 3 h of TBEV-infected tick feeding, increased recruitment of inflammatory cells was observed at the infected tick feeding site compared to the uninfected tick feeding site. ", "Among these, TBEV antigens were localized in fibroblasts and mononuclear cells, but not in neutrophils (Figure [5](#F5){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "These immunohistochemistry observations support the cutaneous immune gene expression data, showing an inflammatory micro-environment at the feeding site of TBEV-infected ticks. ", "The recruitment of inflammatory cells appears to be much more pronounced in the TBEV-infected tick feeding site than the uninfected tick feeding site.", "\n\n{#F5}\n\nConclusions {#s4}\n===========\n\nThe present study demonstrates that TBEV-infected *I. ricinus* adult ticks create an inflammatory environment at the murine cutaneous interface within 1 h of feeding. ", "Significant differences in immune responses were observed between hosts infested with TBEV-infected vs. uninfected ticks. ", "Furthermore, genes associated with neutrophil activation and mobilization were modulated in the presence of TBEV, suggesting that there is an influx of neutrophils and other phagocytic inflammatory cells to the tick feeding site after only 1 and 3 h of infected tick feeding. ", "Immunohistochemistry further supported the cutaneous immune gene expression analysis, demonstrating pronounced recruitment of inflammatory cells, especially neutrophils, to the feeding site of TBEV-infected ticks. ", "Taken together with our earlier study on POWV-infected tick feeding sites (Hermance and Thangamani, [@B16]), and the current study, it is clearly evident that during the earliest stages of flavivirus-infected tick feeding, a complex, inflammatory micro-environment is created in the host\\'s skin. ", "The present study serves to expand our understanding of the immunological events that occur at the cutaneous interface during the early stages of tick-borne flavivirus transmission to a host.", "\n\nAuthor contributions {#s5}\n====================\n\nConceived the idea: ST; Provided reagents and materials: ST and MK; Performed experiments: ST, MK, MH, RS, SW, MS, and DH; Data analysis: ST, MH, and SW; Wrote manuscript: ST and MH. ", "All authors critically read and revised the manuscript.", "\n\nConflict of interest statement\n------------------------------\n\nThe authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.", "\n\nThe authors wish to thank Dr. Boris Klempa and Marta Siebenstichova from the Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences (Bratislava, Slovakia) for providing TBEV MBS for tick inoculations.", "\n\n**Funding.** ", "ST is supported by NIH/NIAID grants R01AI127771 and R21AI113128. ", "MK was supported by the Slovak Research and Development Agency (contract no. ", "APVV-0737-12).", "\n\nSupplementary material {#s6}\n======================\n\nThe Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: <https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2017.00494/full#supplementary-material>\n\n###### \n\nClick here for additional data file.", "\n\n###### \n\nClick here for additional data file.", "\n\n[^1]: Edited by: Jose De La Fuente, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Spain\n\n[^2]: Reviewed by: Jianfeng Dai, Soochow University, China; Janakiram Seshu, University of Texas at San Antonio, United States; Nicholas Johnson, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, United Kingdom\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Central" }

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[ "Baritone horn\n\nThe baritone horn, or sometimes just called baritone, is a low-pitched brass instrument in the saxhorn family. ", "It is a piston-valve brass instrument with a bore that is mostly conical (like the higher pitched flugelhorn and alto (tenor) horn) but it has a narrower bore than the similarly pitched euphonium. ", "It uses a wide-rimmed cup mouthpiece like that of its peers, the trombone and euphonium. ", "Like the trombone and the euphonium, the baritone horn can be considered either a transposing or non-transposing instrument. ", "\n\nIn the UK, the baritone horn is part of the standardised instrumentation of brass bands. ", "In concert band music, there is often a part marked baritone, but these parts are most commonly intended for, and played on, the euphonium. ", "A baritone can also play music written for a trombone due to similar pitches.", "\n\nA person who plays a baritone horn is a baritone (horn) player (UK) or baritonist (US).", "\n\nConstruction and general characteristics \n\nThe baritone, like the trombone and euphonium, is a nine-foot brass tube. ", "Valves are most often piston-style. ", "It is predominately of conical bore, like the euphonium, but has a narrower bore than the euphonium. ", "The smaller bore renders its attack more distinct than the rounder attack of the euphonium, and also provides it with a brighter sound than the dark-sounding euphonium.", "\n\nKey\nThe baritone is pitched in concert B, meaning that when no valves are actuated, the instrument will produce partials of the B harmonic series. ", "Music for the baritone horn can be written in either the bass clef or the treble clef. ", "When written in the bass clef, the baritone horn is a non-transposing instrument. ", "However, when written in the treble clef, it is often used as transposing instrument, transposing downward a major ninth from the music as written, so that written middle C for the baritone is concert B below low C (B2 in scientific pitch notation), with the fingerings thus matching those of the trumpet but sounding an octave lower. ", "It is often used to play parts written for the similarly pitched tenor trombone or euphonium.", "\n\nRange\nThe baritone is part of the tenor section of a band. ", "Its second partial with no valves pressed is concert B on the second line from the bottom of the bass clef (B2 in scientific pitch notation). ", "The eighth partial with no valves pressed is concert B in the center of the treble clef (B4). ", "Virtuosi can reach certain pedal tones below the E2 second partial with all valves depressed, which is the nominal lowest note on the instrument, and several half-tones above the B4, which is the nominal top of the instrument's range.", "\n\nTone\nThe baritone sounds with a timbre between the brightness of the trombone and the more mellow tone of the euphonium.", "\n\nDistinguishing the baritone horn from the euphonium \n\nAlthough both baritone horn and euphonium produce partials of the B harmonic series in the same range, and both have a nine-foot-long main tube, the baritone horn tends to have a smaller and more cylindrical bore than the euphonium. ", "The baritone horn usually has a tighter wrap and a smaller bell, and is thus smaller and lighter overall, and produces a \"lighter\" sound versus the more solid, brassy timbre of the euphonium.", "\n\nThere is a common misconception that three-valve instrument is a baritone and that the four-valve instrument is a euphonium. ", "Euphoniums often have a fourth valve as an alternate fingering for 1&3 split fingering with improved intonation. ", "The fourth valve can also be viewed in the same way as an F trigger on trombone, repitching the instrument to expand the lower range. ", "A fourth valve is rarely seen on baritones, but absence of a fourth valve is not a defining characteristic.", "\n\nAn \"American baritone\", featuring three valves on the front of the instrument and a curved forward-pointing bell, was common in American school bands throughout most of the twentieth century. ", "While this instrument is in reality a conical-cylindrical bore hybrid, neither truly euphonium nor baritone, it was almost universally labeled a \"baritone\" by both band directors and composers.", "\n\nMarching baritone horn\n\nSpecially wrapped versions of the baritone horn have been created for use in marching bands and drum and bugle corps. ", "They have three valves and a front-facing bell and are the tenor voice of a drum and bugle corps, below the soprano voice of the trumpet, the alto voice of alto horn or mellophone, and above the low tubas.", "\n\nArtists\nNotable artists who are today referenced as great baritone horn and/or euphonium players include Mel Sykes, Simone Mantia, Steven Mead, Brian Bowman, and Leonard Falcone. ", "The Leonard Falcone International Tuba and Euphonium Festival is a notable venue for aspiring artists on euphonium, but its namesake played baritone horn on his many recordings.", "\n\nTrumpeter Maynard Ferguson used a baritone horn in the song \"Gospel John\" and in one of his three solos (the other two involving a valved trombone and a trumpet) in a live performance of his song \"Great Guns\". ", "\n\nJapanese free-improvisation trumpeter Toshinori Kondo has played baritone horn on some dates and recordings (e.g., Jazz Bunker), as has saxophonist Ralph Carney (e.g., Night on Earth).", "\n\nReferences \n\nCategory:B-flat instruments\nCategory:Brass instruments\nCategory:Horns" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

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[ "985 F.2d 579\nU.S.v.", "Damato*\nNO. ", "92-4101\nUnited States Court of Appeals,Eleventh Circuit.", "\nJan 27, 1993\n\nAppeal From: S.D.Fla.", "\nREVERSED AND VACATED.", "\n\n\n\n*\n Fed.", "R.App.", "P. 34(a); 11th Cir.", "R. 34-3\n\n\n" ]

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[ "s the closest to -1/3? ", " (a) l (b) 5 (c) 4\na\nSuppose 0 = 3*x - 5*x + 10. ", "Let z be 2/14*5/x. Suppose -5*w - m = 5, 2*w - m + 25 = -6*m. ", "What is the nearest to w in z, 2, 5?", "\nz\nLet u(d) = d**3 + 6*d**2 + 3*d - 5. ", "Let b be u(-5). ", "Let q = -11 + 10.2. ", "Let i = q + 0.7. ", "What is the closest to -1/2 in -4, b, i?", "\ni\nLet c = 3.02 - 0.02. ", "Let q = 90 - 272/3. ", "What is the closest to 2/3 in c, q, -4?", "\nq\nLet w be 4 - (-2 + 3 - (-9)/3). ", "Which is the nearest to 0? ", " (a) -1 (b) w (c) -0.3\nb\nLet r = 5.4 + -5. ", "Let n = 5 + -5. ", "Which is the nearest to 1? ", " (a) -0.5 (b) r (c) n\nb\nLet l be 1 - 1*(-3 + 2). ", "Let j be 2 - (l - 6/(-8)). ", "Let i = 8/71 + 228/497. ", "What is the nearest to 1/4 in j, 0, i?", "\n0\nLet j = 75 - 451/6. ", "Let h = 0.41 - 0.01. ", "Which is the closest to j? ", " (a) 0.5 (b) -2/7 (c) h\nb\nLet k = 8 + -8.1. ", "Let j(p) = -21*p**3 + p. Let s be j(-1). ", "Suppose -6*r - s = -r. ", "What is the nearest to k in -3, r, -2?", "\n-2\nLet k = -138 + 137.4. ", "Which is the nearest to 0.1? ", " (a) 2/5 (b) k (c) -2/9\na\nLet x = 4 + -9. ", "Let u = x + 4.6. ", "What is the closest to 0.1 in 4, u, 0.1?", "\n0.1\nLet w = 1.7 - 2. ", "Let b(z) = -2*z + 61. ", "Let p be b(30). ", "What is the nearest to p in 1, 0, w?", "\n1\nLet p = 18 + -16. ", "What is the nearest to p in -3, 1/4, 4?", "\n1/4\nLet h = -30 + 48.7. ", "Let u = 19 - h. Which is the nearest to 1? ", " (a) 0.5 (b) 5 (c) u\na\nLet z = -457 - -458. ", "Let x be ((-9)/7)/(-1) - 1. ", "What is the closest to x in -2, 2, z?", "\nz\nLet v = -0.05 + 0.05. ", "Which is the closest to v? ", " (a) 2/21 (b) 0.4 (c) 5\na\nLet w be 4/(-6)*6/(-8). ", "Let k be (-1)/(-3 - (-21)/6). ", "What is the nearest to w in k, -0.2, 2/5?", "\n2/5\nLet w be 0 + -1746587*(-1)/(-63). ", "Let d = w + 27728. ", "Let s = d + -30/7. ", "What is the nearest to 1/2 in 1, s, 0.3?", "\n0.3\nLet z = -20/9 - -14/9. ", "Let s = -0.1 + 2.1. ", "Suppose a - 4*a = -4*m + 1, 0 = -4*a + 4*m. ", "What is the closest to a in z, s, 0.5?", "\n0.5\nLet t = -0.01 + -10.99. ", "Let a = -15 + 8. ", "Let r = a - t. What is the nearest to -0.1 in 0, r, 3?", "\n0\nLet m = 2.3 - -0.7. ", "Let j = 0.9 + 1.1. ", "Which is the nearest to 1? ", " (a) j (b) -0.3 (c) m\na\nLet r = 0.6 + -1. ", "Suppose -20 = t + 4*t. ", "What is the nearest to 0 in t, 2, r?", "\nr\nLet o be 45/36*2/(-5). ", "Let r = 0 - -2. ", "Which is the nearest to -1? ", " (a) r (b) o (c) -3/5\nc\nLet g = -0.67 + 1.17. ", "Let h = -3 + 3.1. ", "Which is the nearest to h? ", " (a) 2/11 (b) g (c) 6\na\nLet g = -2 - 0. ", "Suppose -3*o = 4*v - 0*o - 4, 0 = -4*v - 4*o. ", "Let t be (3 - -1)/v*1. ", "Which is the nearest to -1/3? ", " (a) t (b) -1/4 (c) g\nb\nLet w = 68 - 69. ", "Which is the closest to w? ", " (a) -23 (b) 0.5 (c) -3/4\nc\nLet t = -2.6 + 0.6. ", "Let o be (-2)/9 + (-17)/45. ", "Which is the closest to 2? ", " (a) t (b) 3 (c) o\nb\nLet r = -0.1 + 0.3. ", "Let n = -12 - -5. ", "Let l = n + 8. ", "What is the nearest to l in 0.5, r, -0.5?", "\n0.5\nLet j = -0.8 + 1.8. ", "Let y = -0.02 - -0.42. ", "Suppose 0 = 2*m + 2*m - 4*i + 8, 5*m - 2*i = -7. ", "Which is the closest to 1? ", " (a) j (b) m (c) y\na\nLet i = -2 - -2. ", "Let d = -3 + 2. ", "Let k be (-3)/(-4) - 44/80. ", "Which is the closest to d? ", " (a) k (b) i (c) -1/4\nc\nLet h = 157/3 - 53. ", "Let y = 104 + -316/3. ", "Let k(p) = 2*p + 2. ", "Let f be k(-1). ", "Which is the nearest to f? ", " (a) -4 (b) h (c) y\nb\nLet r = -5.2 + 5.7. ", "Let j be (4/(-6))/((-8)/12). ", "Let f = 0 - j. Which is the nearest to f? ", " (a) -1 (b) 1 (c) r\na\nLet q = -8.479 - -0.739. ", "Let m = q - -0.54. ", "Let f = m - -7. ", "What is the nearest to -3 in f, 2/11, 2?", "\nf\nLet o = 6.2 + -6.4. ", "Which is the nearest to -1? ", " (a) o (b) -4 (c) -0.09\na\nLet v = 0.1 + 0. ", "Let d(m) = -m**3 - 6*m**2 - 7*m - 5. ", "Let x be d(-5). ", "Let l be 2/30*x/(-2). ", "Which is the nearest to v? ", " (a) 1/4 (b) l (c) -3/5\na\nLet o = 1.1 + 9.9. ", "Let h = o - 10.7. ", "Which is the closest to h? ", " (a) -2 (b) -0.3 (c) -1/4\nc\nLet z = -0.1 + 0.2. ", "Let g be ((-2)/6)/(-1)*6. ", "Which is the closest to z? ", " (a) g (b) 0 (c) -1/6\nb\nLet o be (150/(-45))/(4/(-6)). ", "Suppose 6 = 2*m + m - 4*l, -4*m = l - 8. ", "Let s(w) = -w. ", "Let g be s(m). ", "Which is the closest to 0? ", " (a) o (b) g (c) -4\nb\nLet f = 5 - 4.7. ", "Let u = f - -0.2. ", "Let h = -40 + 45. ", "What is the closest to -1 in -3/4, u, h?", "\n-3/4\nLet l = -20 + 20.4. ", "Let k = -35 - -35.5. ", "Which is the closest to 0.1? ", " (a) k (b) -2 (c) l\nc\nLet i = 0.003 - -0.017. ", "Let y = -2 - -2.4. ", "Which is the nearest to i? ", " (a) 2/3 (b) y (c) -0.5\nb\nLet n = -0.4 - 0. ", "Let w be (-2 + 8)/(4 + -6). ", "Which is the closest to -2? ", " (a) n (b) w (c) 3\nb\nLet j = 0.04 + 1.96. ", "Which is the nearest to 1? ", " (a) j (b) -0.1 (c) 6\na\nLet m = 0.1 - 0.3. ", "Let p = -0.4 - m. Which is the nearest to -2/5? ", " (a) p (b) 2 (c) 0.5\na\nLet u(w) = w + 13. ", "Let v be u(-9). ", "Which is the closest to -2? ", " (a) 2/3 (b) v (c) 0.5\nc\nLet l = 0.7 - 11.1. ", "Let n = -10 - l. Which is the closest to 0? ", " (a) -2 (b) -2/3 (c) n\nc\nSuppose -3*m - 3*y = -75, -3*y + 30 = m + 7. ", "Suppose 4*c + n + m = 3*n, -2*n + 31 = -5*c. ", "What is the nearest to 0.2 in c, -3, 1/7?", "\n1/7\nLet y = 3 - 3. ", "Let o = -0.5 + 0.4. ", "Let s = -5 + 6. ", "What is the nearest to s in o, -1, y?", "\ny\nLet q = 0 - -0.3. ", "Let y = 7 - 6. ", "Let j = -6 + y. Which is the closest to q? ", " (a) 5 (b) j (c) 1/3\nc\nLet i = -0.779 + 5.709. ", "Let o = i - -0.07. ", "Let h = -0.3 - 0. ", "Which is the nearest to 1? ", " (a) h (b) o (c) 0.4\nc\nLet k = -1698/7 + 242. ", "Which is the nearest to 0.1? ", " (a) 3/4 (b) k (c) -2\na\nSuppose 2*g - 6*g = 5*l + 7, 3*g + 3 = -3*l. ", "Let u = -0.16 - 0.84. ", "Let c = u - -1.1. ", "What is the closest to -0.1 in -1, c, l?", "\nc\nLet c be ((-2)/34)/(2/(-2)). ", "What is the nearest to -1 in -2, -1, c?", "\n-1\nLet k be 0 - 1/(35/5). ", "What is the nearest to k in 0, 2, -1/2?", "\n0\nLet t(d) = -d**2 - 10*d - 12. ", "Let i be t(-8). ", "Suppose 0*x - 2*x - 3*n = 23, 4*n + 4 = i*x. ", "Which is the nearest to -0.2? ", " (a) 0 (b) x (c) 5\na\nLet g = 31 + -21. ", "Suppose -2*j - g = -4*j. ", "Let o(u) = -u**3 - 9*u**2 + 10*u - 2. ", "Let z be o(-10). ", "What is the nearest to z in j, -0.5, 0.3?", "\n-0.5\nLet z(d) = 3*d - 14. ", "Let k be z(5). ", "Which is the closest to 0? ", " (a) -3 (b) k (c) -0.2\nc\nLet k = 49/244 - -3/61. ", "Which is the closest to k? ", " (a) 2 (b) -1 (c) -4\nb\nLet z = 0.083 + 4.917. ", "Which is the closest to 0? ", " (a) z (b) -4/3 (c) 4\nb\nLet x = 977/30 - 29/10. ", "Let n = x - 30. ", "Let y = -297/520 + -3/104. ", "Which is the closest to 0? ", " (a) 0.3 (b) n (c) y\na\nSuppose -5*r + 15 + 5 = 0. ", "What is the nearest to 2/7 in -4, r, 1?", "\n1\nLet y = 240 - 240. ", "Let v = 467/7 + -67. ", "What is the closest to v in -0.1, y, -5?", "\n-0.1\nLet u = -4 - -1. ", "Suppose 4*o = 3 - 7. ", "Let i be o*u*(-4)/30. ", "Which is the closest to 0? ", " (a) i (b) 3 (c) -1/7\nc\nLet d = 0.3 + -0.8. ", "Suppose -2*i - 2*i = -4, f = -4*i + 5. ", "Which is the closest to f? ", " (a) d (b) 0 (c) -2/23\nb\nLet h = 21 - 17. ", "Let d = 0.08 + -2.08. ", "Which is the nearest to d? ", " (a) h (b) 4/3 (c) 0.1\nc\nLet j be (-4)/(14/(3 - 5)). ", "Which is the closest to 0.2? ", " (a) 0.3 (b) -1 (c) j\na\nLet j = 0 + 0. ", "Let l(v) = -v**2 + 13*v + 33. ", "Let a be l(15). ", "What is the nearest to j in 2/3, -1, a?", "\n2/3\nLet u be (6/(-3))/(-4)*(-4 + 4). ", "Let d = -3 + 0. ", "Let n = -3 - d. What is the nearest to n in -2, u, -5?", "\nu\nLet a(w) = w**2 - 10*w - 12. ", "Let q be a(11). ", "Let c be (q - -2) + 1/(-4). ", "What is the nearest to -0.1 in 3/2, c, -0.4?", "\n-0.4\nLet p be 5/((-45)/24) + 3. ", "Which is the closest to p? ", " (a) -4/5 (b) -0.3 (c) 0.5\nc\nLet i(x) = x**2 + 10*x + 1. ", "Let d be i(-10). ", "Which is the closest to d? ", " (a) -5 (b) -0.5 (c) 0\nc\nLet h = 153 - 152. ", "Let r = -16/3 - -4. ", "Let m = 0 - 0.1. ", "Which is the nearest to h? ", " (a) r (b) m (c) 0.3\nc\nLet i be (-4)/26 + (-410)/(-130). ", "Let s = 0.9 - 3.9. ", "What is the closest to s in -0.2, i, 1/3?", "\n-0.2\nLet v = -1.5 + 1. ", "Which is the nearest to 2? ", " (a) 0.3 (b) 2/7 (c) v\na\nLet p = 77.7 - 78. ", "Let w = -10 - -6. ", "Which is the closest to -2/7? ", " (a) -2/21 (b) w (c) p\nc\nLet b = 88/5 + -17. ", "Let q = 244 - 1706/7. ", "What is the nearest to q in 2/5, b, -5?", "\n2/5\nLet r = 0.3 - -0.7. ", "Let o = r + -0.9. ", "Let h = 0.4 + o. What is the nearest to -2/3 in h, -2/13, 0.3?", "\n-2/13\nLet x(k) = k**2 + 8*k + 9. ", "Let l be x(-6). ", "Let u be l/(39/12*6). ", "Let o = 0 - -2. ", "What is the nearest to 0 in u, -3, o?", "\nu\nLet u be -1 + 2 - (-1)/(-3). ", "Let s be ((-6)/(-4) - 1) + -1. ", "What is the closest to 0 in -1, u, s?", "\ns\nLet v = 41 + -41.4. ", "What is the nearest to -3 in v, -3/4, -1/6?", "\n-3/4\nSuppose -36 = 7*s - 4*s. ", "What is the closest to 1/2 in s, 1, 5?", "\n1\nLet g = -2099/8 + 262. ", "Let n be 27/180 - 2/5. ", "What is the closest to 2/5 in g, n, -3?", "\nn\nSuppose -84 = 4*w - 0*v + 2*v, 0 = w - 4*v + 30. ", "Let d = w + 21. ", "Which is the nearest" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "DM Mathematics" }

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[ "Video data is generally processed and transferred in the form of bit streams. ", "Typical video compression coders and decoders (“CODECs”) gain much of their compression efficiency by forming a reference picture prediction of a picture to be encoded, and encoding the difference between the current picture and the prediction. ", "The more closely that the prediction is correlated with the current picture, the fewer bits that are needed to compress that picture, thereby increasing the efficiency of the process. ", "Thus, it is desirable for the best possible reference picture prediction to be formed.", "\nIn many video compression standards, including Moving Picture Experts Group (“MPEG”)-1, MPEG-2 and MPEG-4, a motion compensated version of a previous reference picture is used as a prediction for the current picture, and only the difference between the current picture and the prediction is coded. ", "When a single picture prediction (“P” picture) is used, the reference picture is not scaled when the motion compensated prediction is formed. ", "When bi-directional picture predictions (“B” pictures) are used, intermediate predictions are formed from two different pictures, and then the two intermediate predictions are averaged together, using equal weighting factors of (½, ½) for each, to form a single averaged prediction. ", "In these MPEG standards, the two reference pictures are always one each from the forward direction and the backward direction for B pictures." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds" }

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[ "‘We’ll double India presence by 2015’\n\nUS-based global hospitality chain Carlson that owns and operates hotel brands such as Radisson, Park Plaza and Country Inns & Suites plans to have around 100 hotel properties in the country by 2015. ", "India is important to Carlson’s global expansion plans, Hubert Joly, president and CEO told HT. ", "Excerpts:\n\nbusinessUpdated: Oct 15, 2010 01:53 IST\n\nVivek Sinha Hindustan Times\n\nUS-based global hospitality chain Carlson that owns and operates hotel brands such as Radisson, Park Plaza and Country Inns & Suites plans to have around 100 hotel properties in the country by 2015. ", "India is important to Carlson’s global expansion plans, Hubert Joly, president and CEO told HT. ", "Excerpts:\n\nYour expansion plans for India seem ambitious. ", "Did the 26/11 attacks on Mumbai influence your strategy?Well, we are in an industry that is subject to be affected by such events... terror attacks, volcanic ash cloud in Europe or such things. ", "But we tend not to focus on the negativities and look at India from a very strategic focus.", "\n\nThere will be certain bumps along our way but the opportunities and positives far outweigh. ", "For instance, there is about 0.1 hotel rooms per 1000 people in India — compared to 15 per thousand in the US and 10 per thousand in Europe. ", "Even China has close to 2 rooms per thousand people. ", "With India’s fantastic growth there is great business potential.", "\n\nHow are you growing in India?We had around 28 hotels in our kitty in 2009 and will have around 36 in 2010. ", "By 2015 we plans to have around 100 hotels across 42 cities. ", "We might also pick up minority stakes in some hotel projects in the country.", "\n\nThe importance of India for Carlson’s global business…Carlson’s ambition is to grow its hotel portfolio by more than 50 per cent by 2015. ", "In 2009 India accounted for around 3 per cent of out hotels but by 2015 this will touch 7 per cent.", "\n\nDo you own these hotel properties?We focus on managing hotels as opposed to building hotels and owning them. ", "We provide services and our brand name. ", "It is a fee-based-revenue-share model.", "\n\nWhat about smaller cities?We already have a presence in smaller cities. ", "We plan a big push in mid-scale cities such as Vijaywada, Cochin and Ludhiana." ]

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[ "Urban malaria in Nazareth, Ethiopia: parasitological studies.", "\nCross-sectional surveys for parasite infection, and factors that possibly influence human malaria transmission were carried out to characterize the epidemiology of urban malaria in Nazareth. ", "Thick and thin blood films for parasite diagnosis were collected from individuals residing in 6 representative kebeles in the town. ", "A questionnaire was used to obtain socioeconomic information. ", "An overall parasite rate of 2.8%, P. falciparum (1.6%) and P. vivax (1.2%)- was observed among the 3890 individuals examined during the 4 surveys. ", "Significant intra-urban differences (X2 = 27.31; P < 0.0001), in parasite rates, were observed with a much higher prevalence in the peripheral kebeles. ", "A marked seasonal variation in parasite rates was evident during the sampling period and the peak occurred in Sept./Oct. ", "There was no apparent decrease in parasite rate with increase in age, suggesting a delayed acquired immunity, typical of hypoendemic settings. ", "The study has indicated that in Nazareth the prevalence of malaria is seasonally variable and relatively low, showing that it is unstable. ", "Hence, if appropriate control measures are not instituted, malaria situation in -Nazareth is subject to epidemics." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "Paragraph or Speech on “A Visit To A Circus” Complete Paragraph or Speech for Class 10, Class 12 and Graduation and other classes.", "\n\nA Visit To A Circus\n\nLast month, the Apollo Circus Company visited our city. ", "They pitched their tents at an open place outside the city. ", "Soon, the circus became the talk of the city. ", "One evening I, along with my friend, Rakesh, went to see the circus show. ", "There was a great rush at the booking window. ", "We managed to get seats in the gallery. ", "A group of players was entertaining the spectators with light music. ", "As the show began, all the artists and circus animals came forward and introduced themselves to the audience in their own way. ", "An elephant stood on his hind legs and greeted everyone. ", "Other animals also came forward to greet us in different ways. ", "As they left, swings of ropes became the object of interest. ", "It was nice display of fun and trick. ", "At once, the lights were switched off. ", "The artist jumped from one swing to another, changed side and performed a number of tricks. ", "Now came in the arena a group of elephants. ", "They performed the Ganesh Pooja before they climbed a wooden staircase one by one. ", "Now some dogs came and played football. ", "Their feat was lost in the noise of children. ", "Next came a group of cyclists who displayed a wonderful control in their vehicles. ", "A girl cycled over a taut rope. ", "Then came the horses, monkeys and bears. ", "They played wonderful tricks. ", "Next, the lions and tigers put up a good show. ", "We saw the lions jump through ring of fire. ", "At long last, we saw a motorcyclist racing round the Dome of Death. ", "As he went up and down in a big iron cage, our hearts came in to our mouths. ", "After each item, two jokers came forward and amused the audience with their tricks. ", "The circus clowns made the spectators laugh every now and then. ", "Our visit to the circus was very delightful.", "\n\nThe main objective of this website is to provide quality study material to all students (from 1st to 12th class of any board) irrespective of their background as our motto is “Education for Everyone”. ", "It is also a very good platform for teachers who want to share their valuable knowledge." ]

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[ "WKUW-LD\n\nWKUW-LD, virtual channel 40 (UHF digital channel 28), is a low-powered television station licensed to White House, Tennessee, United States and serving the Nashville television market. ", "It is a translator of Lebanon-licensed MeTV affiliate WJFB (channel 44) which is owned by HC2 Holdings. ", "WKUW-LD's transmitter is located in Whites Creek, Tennessee.", "\n\nHistory\n\nAs a TBN translator in Bowling Green\nOriginally licensed to Bowling Green, Kentucky, the station began broadcasting on October 17, 2002, as a Trinity Broadcasting Network (TBN) translator (relay) station, under the call sign W60DC, and was owned and operated by TBN.", "\n\nOn October 5, 2004, TBN announced they were selling the translator to Budd Broadcasting. ", "The sale was finalized on December 1, 2004. ", "A year later, on June 9, 2005, Budd Broadcasting changed the call sign to WKUW-LP.", "\n\nThe silent years and relocation to Nashville\nOn December 31, 2010, Budd Broadcasting took WKUW off the air temporarily to upgrade the station to digital operations. ", "Budd also relocated the station to White House, Tennessee where the station also serves the Nashville market area some to the south. ", "In the process, the station turned off its analog signal on channel 60 and signed on a digital signal on channel 40. ", "Through the use of PSIP, digital television receivers display the station's virtual channel as its current UHF digital channel 40 rather than its former analog channel 60. ", "This channel was among the high band UHF channels (52–69) that were removed from broadcasting use when the digital transition in the United States saw the switchover from analog to exclusively digital broadcasting of terrestrial television television programming in June 2009. ", "The call sign was also changed to WKUW-LD.", "\n\nDTV America ownership\nIn 2015, it was announced that WKUW-LD and Bowling Green sister station WKUT-LD would be operated by DTV America Corporation, alongside Bowling Green-based Antenna TV and MyNetworkTV dual affiliate WCZU-LD. ", "On July 17, 2015, DTV America took full control of WKUW and now owns and operates the station outright.", "\n\nWKUW-LD returned to the air on November 23 as an affiliate of the Doctor Television Channel (DrTV). ", "The station now transmits from a tower near Whites Creek close to the Interstate 24 interchange with Old Hickory Boulevard, sharing tower space with television stations WUXP, WNTU-LP, WPGD, WRTN-LD, and WJNK-LD, and radio station WGFX.", "\n\nOn December 8, 2015, WKUW changed affiliations from DrTV to Buzzr—a network broadcasting mostly classic TV game shows. ", "WKUW was supposed to add DrTV to a forthcoming second subchannel, however, this never happened. ", "Instead, The Liquidation Channel (now Shop LC) was added to its second subchannel on January 27, 2016. ", "WKUW also launched a third subchannel as an affiliate of Escape (now Court TV Mystery) on January 27, 2016.", "\n\nOn April 1, 2016, WKUW added Newsmax TV on DT4 and QVC Over the Air on DT6. ", "The fifth subchannel was silent until April 13, 2016, when it returned with The Country Network. ", "It was discontinued on January 11, 2016, and replaced with a full-time feed from the Sinclair-owned American Sports Network (ASN). ", "On September 6, 2017, ASN was folded into Stadium, a multi-platform sports network.", "\n\nIn May 2016, Newsmax TV was dropped from WKUW-LD4 and replaced with The Country Network. ", "QVC Plus replaced the Country Network on WKUW-LD5.", "\n\nOn November 1, 2016, the full-time Retro TV network replaced Escape, which moved to WSMV-TV's second subchannel of 4.2 replacing Heartland.", "\n\nIn December 2016, WKUW added a seventh digital subchannel carrying infomercials, under the \"Revenue Frontier\" branding; however, on February 1, 2018, the infomercials were replaced with Jewelry Television (JTV).", "\n\nOn February 28, 2018, The Country Network was replaced with Quest on WKUW's fourth subchannel.", "\n\nUnder new ownership\nWKUW was one of several dozen DTV America stations that were purchased by HC2 Holdings in October 2017.", "\n\nOn October 1, 2018, WKUW added CBN News Channel to its sixth subchannel, replacing QVC.", "\n\nOn March 5, 2019, WKUW discontinued Stadium from its third subchannel and QVC 2 from its fifth subchannel; both networks were replaced with infomercials. ", "On April 8, 2019, infomercials were replaced on DT3 by the Soul of the South Network. ", "This marked the return of the network to Nashville where it had been aired previously by WJDE-LD's channel 31.2.", "\n\nAs a WJFB translator\nOn the weekend of September 21, 2019, WKUW-LD eliminated all of its channels and underwent a channel reconstructing. ", "WKUW-LD ran a Test Pattern on its main channel while Heroes & Icons was added on 40.2, Start TV on 40.3, Decades on 40.4 and Movies! ", "on 40.5. ", "This mirrored the channel lineup of sister station WJFB, although it continues to run Tri-State Christian Television (TCT) on its sixth subchannel and Light TV on its seventh subchannel. ", "WKUW-LD became a WJFB translator on September 23. ", "The former WKUW-LD affiliations which include Buzzr, Shop LC, Soul of the South Network, Quest, Revenue Frontier, CBN News Channel and Jewelry Television continue to be seen on sister station WCTZ-LD (which itself was a former translator of WKUW-LD).", "\n\nDigital television\n\nDigital channels\nThe station's digital signal is multiplexed:\n\nSpectrum reallocation\nIn 2017, due to the FCC's 2016 incentive auction, WKUW filed for a construction permit for its digital subchannel to relocate to digital UHF channel 28 due to spectrum re-packing. ", "Channels will be changing over a transition period, which will take place between September 7, 2019, and October 18, 2019. ", "However, on October 19, 2018, WKUW went off the air temporarily to prepare for the transition and relocation to UHF channel 28. ", "WKUW-LD returned to the air briefly on January 30, 2019, and went off the air again at 3:25 p.m. that day after testing its signal in preparation for its permanent return. ", "WKUW-LD officially returned to the air on UHF channel 28 on February 1, 2019 at 1:30 p.m.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\nWKUW-LD REC Broadcast Query\n\nCategory:MeTV affiliates\nCategory:Heroes & Icons affiliates\nCategory:Start TV affiliates\nCategory:Decades (TV network) affiliates\nCategory:Movies! ", "affiliates\nCategory:Television channels and stations established in 2002\nKUW-LD\nCategory:Stadium (sports network) affiliates\nCategory:Digital low-power stations\nCategory:DTV America\nCategory:Quest (American TV network) affiliates" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

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[ "Jordan Gavaris Explains It All\n\nShare\n\nI first met Jordan Gavaris during a press junket on set in Toronto when he was shooting the fifth season of Orphan Black. ", "We were sitting in a conference room at the soundstage and he came in wearing a gray sweatshirt and Adidas sneakers with a rainbow spatter on the sides. ", "From interviews and watching panels, I knew he was a smart and well-spoken person, particularly when it came to discussions around sexuality, but that he hadn’t talked about it in a personal capacity. ", "So, I asked, and he answered: Yes, he’s gay.", "\n\nWith that out of the way, we were free to expand the conversation further: Gavaris talked about the importance of playing Felix Dawkins, the tough and loyal brother of Sarah Manning on Orphan Black, and how the character, who is gay, allowed him to explore and better understand his femininity. ", "We talked about misogyny, Hollywood’s obsession with masculinity, whether he is afraid of losing work after coming out, and the interview process itself.", "\n\nAfter that initial interview, we ended with the promise to talk again. ", "So we made time for another sit-down in a far more comfortable setting, downstairs at the Nomad Hotel in New York where he was doing press alongside his castmates ahead of the final season. ", "He felt more assured this time around — confident, but still voluble — and we dove deeper into the politics of coming out in Hollywood. ", "We also touched on his love of acting, celebrity, and how he met his partner, fellow actor and writer Devon Graye.", "\n\nAn edited, condensed version of both conversations follows.", "\n\nToronto, February 2017\n\nWhen you were first building Felix as a character, did you focus on physicality?Physicality was one of the things that came first; he was a cat. ", "Sometimes animal exercises can help you get in touch with parts of yourself that you don’t access day to day. ", "In my day-to-day physicality, I’m a little bit like a terrier. ", "I’ve always been described as a dog. ", "I’m kind of goofy and a little dopey looking sometimes. ", "But that wasn’t right for this character. ", "I knew I had to go to a different part of myself, which for some reason, I was certain that the cat was going to access — it did. ", "It was precise, it was fluid. ", "It was a bit ballet — something poised and postured. ", "And then it started to make sense. ", "You start with one thing and then you build and go, “Does this make sense?” ", "He’s someone who is probably oppressed and has been victimized multiple times throughout his life. ", "He’s always posturing. ", "It’s how he moves through the world: in a constant state of defense.", "\n\nYou started Orphan Black when you were 22. ", "Do you feel like there’s less of a safety net for younger actors coming up in the industry?I’ve been really fortunate in that I’ve been employed for the last five years, but I know our unions, bless them, as much as they do work hard to negotiate on our behalf, the daily rate has gone down considerably. ", "There’s more pressure to have more representatives, so you end up with less money after all your commission’s been deducted. ", "I’ve never really had an issue with paying taxes, but there’s this pressure that a lot of studios face now to hire names. ", "I mean, movies are the worst, because the movie business is failing terribly and they think they have some amazing model that’s going to fix it all, and it all involves hiring a girl with 2 million Instagram followers. ", "Hasn’t worked yet. ", "And then in television it’s the same thing. ", "Parts are offered to these YouTube sensations.", "\n\nThere was a guy in Canada who created this set of YouTube videos called “Shit Girls Say.” ", "It was super sexist and a little odd. ", "YouTube gave him $13 million to go produce a television called Coming In about a gay man who wakes up one day and realizes he’s straight. ", "Like, what the fuck? ", "I think he’s an openly gay actor, but that doesn’t necessarily negate the stark politics of a decision like that. ", "That doesn’t negate the fact that the show is offensive and he’s just terribly unfunny. ", "So you have these people in positions of power with all this capital, handing it over to somebody who has no experience running their own show, no experience writing in long-form narratives, and giving him a television show because their YouTube video got 8 million hits. ", "So that is how the freelance paradigm is affecting actors and content creators, where then you have other actors who spend years toiling on working their craft and perfecting what it is they do, and they’re losing jobs to people like that guy, or to people like Bella Thorne, or whatever. ", "Who are these people? ", "They’re who’s. ", "I sound like such an asshole because I’m sure they’re nice people and I’m sure they’re very talented, but I wouldn’t put money on them if I was in a position of power. ", "I would never invest in those people. ", "There’s not enough there. ", "Not to say Bella Thorne couldn’t be a fantastic actress or that she’s not tremendously talented, but there’s not been enough investigation. ", "There’s not enough of a commitment. ", "And I just wouldn’t feel comfortable if I was the one investing money in someone like that. ", "If you put her and someone like Tat Maslany side by side — so, you’ve got $13 million, who do you want to invest in? ", "I’m going to invest in the other girl.", "\n\nHave you taken a chance to reflect on what the past five years have meant to you?I’m 27 and I started this when I was 22. ", "Your 20s are already this wildly formative decade where you meet yourself. ", "You meet yourself for the first time, whether it’s in relationships or in the workplace or just as a person — it’s an opportunity to really come to grips with who you are. ", "All of your character flaws and the parts of yourself that you’re resistant to admit are there. ", "I’ve learned so much about myself through the character. ", "I’d never really explored my femininity before Felix. ", "I mean, I had a sense of it. ", "I grew up with two older sisters and my mom is awesome and was very present, and I think one of the biggest things I learned was that I need to carry what I’ve learned about femininity with me to other characters that don’t walk or talk like Felix. ", "In the same way that we’re celebrating women playing characters that have a lot of masculine qualities, I think we need to start also celebrating and writing more characters that are much the same. ", "I’ve [learned] so much about my activism and my sexuality … probably in another life if I wasn’t actor, I’d be working for the ACLU. ", "Especially now.", "\n\nIt’s a scary thing to have to own who you are publicly. ", "I think that’s largely why I waited. ", "I always kind of knew if somebody asked I would starttalking.", "\n\nWhat is your sexual orientation?Oh, I’m gay.", "\n\nI wasn’t sure. ", "Nobody ever asks me. ", "I’ve never been asked. ", "Like, the whole course of the series.", "\n\nI guess that’s where I’m at in terms of coming out publicly: I had this position when I started on the show that it shouldn’t matter. ", "And I believe that. ", "I hope that one day, the world gets to a place where you don’t need to politicize your sexuality any more than someone needs to politicize their race — that we can just act and we can exist in this Zeitgeist, telling stories about one another. ", "And that no one’s afraid, maybe, to come out. ", "But also that no one’s really hyperobsessed with knowing whether or not someone’s gay. ", "That would be an amazing world to live in, where people don’t feel the need to protect themselves and other people don’t feel the need to launch an inquisition.", "\n\nWell, there’s also a real fear of losing work. ", "I was talking to Noah Galvin, who was the star of The Real O’ Neals …Oh, yeah! ", "Noah, I don’t know him. ", "But after reading the article, I looked at my partner, and I just said, “He’s very young and he does not understand.” ", "His paradigm will shift as he gets older, and he’s a very smart kid. ", "He’s hyperintelligent. ", "But what struck me the most and what was troublesome about his interview was the amount of cynicism. ", "That made me nervous because I don’t often see that from young people, myself included, as a young person. ", "I am full of optimism. ", "The world hasn’t beaten it out of me yet. ", "And I’m going to work very hard to make sure that they don’t. ", "But I just saw tremendous cynicism in him. ", "Just struck me as very odd. ", "And I hope he realizes now why what he said was a problem. ", "Which, I don’t know if he does.", "\n\nDo you think you’ll have fewer job opportunities as an openly gay actor?Ultimately, the answer is probably yes. ", "This is a tricky thing to say and I’ve never actually said it out loud before, but I do believe that jobs will be lost and I do believe jobs will be gained. ", "Maybe not even for the right reasons. ", "There’s been a lot of conversation in the industry about hiring openly gay actors for gay parts, and I think that’s really important. ", "But frankly, I’m not interested in doing any kind of work where I couldn’t bring myself in totality to the character. ", "And if that would mean that I am ultimately not the right fit in terms of casting, then I probably shouldn’t play that part anyways. ", "That’s not to say that’s an open license to discriminate against openly gay actors. ", "There’s a big distinction. ", "It’s just that if whatever somebody sees as gayness, whether it’s femininity or hypersexuality or whatever they’ve decided constitutes being gay — if those parts are not right for their character, chances are I don’t want to work with those people and I probably don’t want to play that character. ", "I’m much more interested in playing characters, even hetero characters, where I can bring all of myself. ", "All of my sexuality. ", "Everything I’ve learned about my own femininity and my own gender fluidity, I’d be interested in playing characters that explore that. ", "And I think we’re going to start seeing more of them.", "\n\nI just read for an attorney this morning. ", "He’s not a gay man. ", "There’s no reason I can’t play this person, being a gay man, in that our experiences are not dissimilar. ", "And all it means is that I’m bringing everything I know about being oppressed, being an outsider, being an alien, feeling weird about myself. ", "I’m bringing all of that to this other character and reappropriating it. ", "We’ve created this association between femininity and being gay and it’s not real. ", "It’s just a loose, ridiculous association. ", "It has nothing to do with anything.", "\n\nIn general in our culture, feminine men have been villainized.", "Yeah, and it’s so stupid because it’s actually misogyny. ", "It’s not even about femininity and men, it’s about the idea that men hate women so much.", "\n\nYou can see that in the gay community too.", "Oh my god. ", "No femmes, masc-only. ", "Give me a fucking break. ", "And it is frustrating because I’m someone who spends a lot of time thinking about these things. ", "I actively investigate them; it’s part of my job if I want to understand people. ", "I know you; I understand what’s going on right now. ", "I understand what’s happening while your arms are crossed. ", "I know what you’re actually feeling. ", "I know what you’re doing right now. ", "Very aware.", "\n\nWhat am I doing right now?Let’s see. ", "There’s some manipulation happening. ", "There’s some excitement brewing. ", "There’s some fodderfor a really great interview that maybe I’m not even aware of, but I probably am aware of it and that’s why I’m saying it. ", "You’re protecting yourself with your arms crossed right now. ", "If you uncross your arms and then kind of sit, it’s scarier, because then you’re immediately more open. ", "And it’s weird because as soon as I got more excitable and aggressive, the arms got crossed because that’s just a natural thing to do. ", "Needless to say, I’m aware of all this stuff in myself, therefore, I’m aware of it in other people. ", "How did I get started on this? ", "What was your question? ", "Fuck.", "\n\nI think originally we were talking about misogyny.", "Oh, women, that’s right. ", "And I don’t want to say that all men hate women; I don’t think all men hate women. ", "But I think that we have a culturally systemic subjugation of feminine attributes. ", "And those things are being emotional, being vulnerable, and as a result, you see with a lot of actors in leading parts, there’s an addiction to cool. ", "There’s an addiction to a facsimile of maleness, of masculinity: I’m unaffected by things. ", "I’m not an emotional person. ", "I don’t have to be vulnerable. ", "I’m cool and collected and suave and I do this thing and it wins me Oscars. ", "And it’s a problem because there’s so much more there. ", "Andit’s not real. ", "They’re aspiring to a set of attributes that doesn’t really exist. ", "And that, I take issue with. ", "It’s a problem.", "\n\nRelated Stories\n\nWhat I like about Orphan Black is that it’s about female relationships and all of their complications: They can be contentious, beautiful, aggressive, loving, nurturing. ", "It reminds me of the Elena Ferrante Neapolitan novels.", "Women have always been incredible. ", "They’ve always been amazing. ", "For thousands of years, people have written about these iconic and powerful women. ", "In polytheism, they had goddesses that represented all the different sides of women, like these weren’t just secretaries or moms. ", "These were women who, for all intents and purposes, had a lot of male attributes. ", "Thousands and thousands of years ago. ", "These were icons for women to look to for spiritual guidance in terms of how to investigate and develop themselves. ", "And I think women are having a moment right now, because a bunch of men noticed in the last 20 years that women are interesting and incredible. ", "And I think that’s something that working on this show and working with Tat and watching these women develop as characters, it’s showing me, Oh yeah, women have always been great.", "\n\nWhile shooting the show, were you worried about how your butt looked?Yeah, I’m a human person. ", "I was of course worried about how my butt looked. ", "I was very vain. ", "I grew up always feeling a bit like an alien. ", "Not just because I was gay, although I’m sure that played a part. ", "I just always felt like a weirdo. ", "I was an artist and my dad’s an immigrant. ", "He came from Greece. ", "I had a bit of second-class-citizen syndrome happening by way of inheritance. ", "And it was my own doing. ", "I could’ve stopped that, but I wasn’t in a place that, at 15 or 16, to know how to get out of myself or get out of my head or get out of my ego. ", "So, yeah, I was self-conscious and I think I was just worried about being told my butt was ugly. ", "And that I was ugly by consequence — I was ugly and I was unworthy and people wouldn’t like me. ", "And that I had to have a nice, pert butt in order to be liked by people, which is just not true. ", "And I did realize that after shooting, and it was a great lesson for me. ", "Like, you’re not going to win more love just because your butt looks better than somebody else’s, and if you do win more love because your butt looks better than somebody else’s, it’s not real. ", "It’s not real love.", "But it’s seductive love. ", "It’s very seductive, that kind of attention.", "\n\nYou’re not going to win more love just because your butt looks better than somebodyelse’s.", "\n\nIt is seductive. ", "It has power that people recognize that you can turn into value.", "Yes. ", "There’s a currency there that you can trade in. ", "And ultimately, I think many people are faced with that quandary at some point in their career. ", "Especially the people that are born just with the natural biology that lends itself to that. ", "And they can make the decision to trade in that currency or not. ", "I’m glad I look the way I do. ", "I look like a normal person.", "\n\nMm, you’re an actor.", "I mean I’m glad my features are just slightly asymmetrical. ", "Maybe I will be faced with that one day. ", "Maybe I’ve already been at that intersection, but knowing that the attention and value that you can get from that is just not something that I’m interested in. ", "I want the other thing: I’d like to be valued just because I work hard at what I do and I can maybe even move people. ", "That would be incredible.", "\n\nNew York, June 2017\n\nGavaris in Orphan Black.", "Photo: Orphan Black IV Productions Limited\n\nSo where did we leave off? ", "That particular day I was very excitable, I don’t know why. ", "Most of the journalists that cover the show are, not paint by numbers necessarily, but they have a list of questions, and they just ask those questions. ", "I get asked the same thing about 20 times, so I think I was surprised by you.", "\n\nIs that a compliment? ", "Absolutely. ", "I was surprised by your candor and your intelligence. ", "You’re challenging, and I really like that. ", "Do you find that in journalism you like to have conversations instead of …?", "\n\nYes. ", "I’m assuming that you get to know the person. ", "Does that affect your portrait of them?", "\n\nCertainly. ", "I try to be the best listener I can be. ", "Generally, I have the great fortune of talking to people I think are actually interesting. ", "And my goal is to get into it with them, whether it’s about craft or politics or biography. ", "And you enjoy challenging them too, right?", "\n\nYeah. ", "And have you ever come up against someone obstinate, or someone who’s offended by your prescription?", "\n\nI try to be diplomatic. ", "Disagreeing with someone shouldn’t be seen as a bad thing, but it generally doesn’t happen in this dynamic.", "Yeah, I do this all the time in interviews — I’ll be less aggressive, I’ll be less confrontational, I’ll be less of a son of a bitch. ", "Not that I’m a son of a bitch all the time. ", "I’ve been thinking about this a lot, the difference between kindness and niceness. ", "Because to be kind, it’s a very authentic thing, it’s very genuine to be kind, and I’ve come across a lot of very kind people who are not nice at all. ", "They’re passionate, they’re outspoken, they’re firm, they’re fiery — sometimes off-putting — but very kind. ", "I’ve encountered a lot of nice people who I mistook to be kind, and then was disappointed in the long run. ", "I feel like that’s a journey pretty typical of anybody in any industry. ", "And maybe just something that’s very typical of being in your 20s and starting to delineate the true types of people.", "\n\nDo you have an Instagram? ", "No. ", "I have Twitter, and everything I put out there on Twitter is public. ", "I don’t hide anything. ", "I don’t intend to hide anything. ", "I’m comfortable with everybody going back and seeing what I’ve written to people, and I’ve written some pretty inflammatory things.", "\n\nI see that you get into it.", "I do. ", "And sometimes, I’ll be in a particular mood, and someone will say something I normally don’t reply to, but there will just be something that really grinds my gears. ", "Especially when the contrary argument is so obvious. ", "But what I’ve come to realize is that a lot of these people really do believe what they’re writing. ", "I think I was in disbelief of that. ", "That’s part of why the election in the United States rattled me as much as it did, because it shattered my world. ", "I knew racism existed, I knew homophobia existed, and I thought it was probably bad in towns no one had heard of in the middle of nowhere. ", "I had no idea to the extent that it existed all over the United States — California included. ", "I was quite shattered, actually.", "\n\nI wasn’t expecting when you asked me that day in that interview, I had no idea, I wasn’t expecting to have to answer that question.", "\n\nWhether you were gay or not?Yeah, whether I was gay or not. ", "I’ve had opportunities to talk about it before, and I said nobody has ever asked me. ", "There was one journalist in a radio interview in the second year of Orphan Black who asked me. ", "I knew why he was asking. ", "I knew he just wanted a sound bite, and I thought it was really unfair. ", "I evaded and that was the only time I had ever done that. ", "I didn’t say no. ", "I just said I didn’t want to talk about that. ", "I felt bad afterward, not for him — I couldn’t give a shit about him. ", "I felt bad because I thought, “I had an opportunity and I didn’t take it.” ", "It wasn’t the right time. ", "I look at myself at 22, when I first started doing this show and I first started playing this character.", "\n\nI came out at 19, and my family knew I had been out in the industry always. ", "I have never hidden anything. ", "I think about what I knew at 22 versus what I know now and how aware I am of how little I know. ", "I don’t know very much. ", "I just think 22 is not old enough to start talking — not unless you’re some savant. ", "I would have regretted some of the things I would have said. ", "I was too much of a totalitarian. ", "I didn’t have enough experiences with other people. ", "I wanted to make sure that I would represent well and I would say something thoughtful.", "\n\nI’m sure on a deeper level I was just scared. ", "I think one of the scariest things to do is to stand up publicly and to say, This is who I am. ", "Probably no one is even going to care or think about it. ", "Maybe half the people already assume I am and the other half couldn’t give a shit. ", "It’s just me; it’s not about other people. ", "It’s just a scary thing to have to own who you are publicly. ", "I think that’s largely why I waited. ", "I always kind of knew if somebody asked I would start talking. ", "I was comfortable with you, and obviously I knew a bit of your background. ", "I just think right now it’s time for myself. ", "I wouldn’t make that decision for anyone else.", "\n\nWhat was coming out to your family like for you?Scary. ", "My mom and dad are wonderful. ", "We grew up nonreligious. ", "We grew up just outside of Toronto, right on the cusp of this suburban pocket, Brampton. ", "I knew gay kids in school. ", "I went to an arts high school. ", "I don’t think it was until university that I even started to feel comfortable with myself enough to tell my parents. ", "I didn’t fear I was going to be kicked out of the house. ", "I didn’t worry about strange questions. ", "It was emotional and awkward. ", "It’s like confessing to them that you want to be romantic and have sex with other people. ", "There’s the sexual component. ", "There’s the romance component. ", "It’s a vulnerable thing to confess this to your parents. ", "At 19, I thought it was gross. ", "I was like, “Oh my god, this is gross. ", "I have to tell them this thing and now they’re going to know that I’m interested in these guys and I want to date these guys and I want to sleep with these guys. ", "This is so weird. ", "Now they know I’m sexually active.” ", "There’s this whole other thing that comes into play that makes it awkward no matter how nonjudgmental or liberal or supportive your parents are, and mine were and are very supportive. ", "They love Devon [Graye], my partner. ", "They acclimate very quickly and it becomes the new normal. ", "It just was never a question. ", "I never doubted my parents love for me, and I never doubted that there was anything I could do short of something truly heinous or criminal that would ever cost me their love. ", "But [it was] still awkward. ", "I’m sure it was just awkward for everybody.", "\n\nHow did you and Devon meet?We actually kind of met on Twitter. ", "He was a friend of Tatiana Maslany’s. ", "They had worked on a show together years ago. ", "He wrote her something and I saw it and attached was a photograph of himself. ", "I started stalking a little bit and I was like, “I think I have to know this guy.” ", "I wrote him some cheesy line over Twitter. ", "Thank god he found it funny because he wrote me back and we started messaging. ", "We organized a time when I was in L.A. to get together, and I was 45 minutes late and he waited. ", "I got to Intelligentsia in Silver Lake and we started talking, and within about ten minutes I was like, “Oh boy.” ", "I was half seeing somebody else at the time, just casually, and I had to break that off after our first coffee date. ", "Then the next morning we met up before I went to the airport, and we only had an hour to talk on that coffee date, and it felt like no time. ", "We talked and talked and talked and talked about life and family and relationships. ", "He was just so thoughtful and challenging. ", "Then I left on my plane to go back home because I had to work. ", "I was just starting the second season of the show. ", "We talked every day, and he sent me a gift on my birthday a week later, and then I think we were exclusive a week from when we met. ", "We did a lot of it long distance. ", "Skype saved us. ", "Then I moved to L.A. as soon as the second season of the show wrapped and I got an apartment. ", "This September will be four years.", "\n\nSince it’s been awhile since we first talked, have you thought about the impact that your official “coming out” might have?Yes. ", "Then of course, my brain comes in and says, “Well aren’t you arrogant for thinking it would have any impact.” ", "The worst part of me is angered that I could be arrogant enough for thinking anybody is paying attention, but then the better part of me knows, “Yeah, but there are people paying attention.” ", "Maybe I wouldn’t have the same impact as someone like Colton Haynes or Gus Kenworthy or something. ", "But even one person who feels more comfortable, who sees themselves represented in some way — that just started to be more important than protecting myself. ", "Of course, there’s the selfish liberation as well. ", "You always feel like, “Now I feel like I can really talk about all of the things that I want to talk about in terms of gay rights and politics.”", "\n\nI’ve shared more with Tat as Sarah and me as Felix than I have as Jordan and Tat. ", "It’s a strange thing to feel like your relationship with somebody exists in an ether, anotherworld.", "\n\nDid you have a conversation with your professional team?I did. ", "I talked to them all and they were nothing but supportive. ", "I have a really amazing team. ", "Again, I had the incredible fortune of accidentally falling in with people that were really encouraging of me being my authentic self. ", "There was no emphasis on how to make myself a product or brand. ", "Ultimately, it’s entirely inconsequential. ", "When I go to love my scene partner onscreen, I bring what I know about loving my partner — it doesn’t matter if it’s a man or a woman at all. ", "If it were true that gay men have no chemistry with women, we would have been in trouble in Hollywood a long time ago.", "\n\nRock Hudson wouldn’t have had a career.", "Precisely. ", "I’m pretty sure that those people have obliterated this illusion. ", "I truly believe that the smart people know that that isn’t the case. ", "I think the concern is maybe in this idea of not being able to sell movie tickets. ", "I think it’s probably a financial decision, which, you know, okay.", "\n\nWhat do you think of the state of LGBT representation on TV?I think we are still stuck and preoccupied with legitimizing being gay on television, or legitimizing gay couples. ", "There’s still a lot of coming-out stories. ", "There’s still a lot about a struggle with what it means to be gay in a homophobic world. ", "There’s nothing wrong with those stories. ", "I love those stories, but we need other stories, too. ", "I appreciate shows like Looking that examine nontraditionalism, like polyamory, open relationships, because that is a cross-section of the gay community. ", "I’m really interested in stories, like mysteries, for example, with gay protagonists. ", "Why not? ", "Their preoccupation is not with their coming out. ", "The story is not about their sexuality. ", "London Spy touched on it, which I really loved, regardless of whether or not the show was good. ", "My partner and I started talking — I was offered a show after Orphan Black was over. ", "It was a comedy. ", "They’d been given $13 million to do this comedy. [", "Editor’s note: Gavaris clarified that this is not the same $13 million TV series he mentioned earlier in the conversation.] ", "It just wasn’t my cup of tea. ", "I didn’t understand the writing, and it was a lot of money for a comedy. ", "I just looked at Dev and said, “This is crazy that they’ve given someone $13 million to write this. ", "Maybe it will find an audience, maybe someone will think this is great. ", "I think this is boring television.”", "\n\nWhat was the character?He was gay, and he was coming home to his family and reintegrating himself into his family unit, and they’re all a bit dysfunctional. ", "I felt like the characters weren’t developed enough. ", "I felt like they need another year in the incubator. ", "I knew there was something there and that’s what intrigued me, but ultimately I just thought, “No. ", "I can’t do this. ", "It’s not there yet. ", "If it goes to camera as is, I fear it’s going to be really bad.” ", "I wished then all the best. ", "Maybe it improved in development.", "\n\nTo return to Orphan Black, what was the last day on set like? ", "Weird. ", "I don’t really know how I felt. ", "I didn’t cry. ", "I think I cried a few times before that at different moments. ", "I’d just get teary-eyed and kind of wistful. ", "It was out of body really. ", "I don’t think I really absorbed what was going on until later. ", "You go through the five stages of grief because these characters become very real. ", "It’s strange because the relationships with these actors that I’ve formed over the last five years have been through the conduit of the character. ", "I know them more intimately and we’ve shared more intimate things as our characters. ", "I’ve shared more with Tat as Sarah and me as Felix than I have as Jordan and Tat. ", "It’s a strange thing to feel like your relationship with somebody exists almost in an ether, another world. ", "And then you get to know each other outside of these characters when it’s all over. ", "That has been a strange, discombobulating process. ", "As a character, you share so much of yourself, and then I feel the reflex to close, or sometimes to disconnect. ", "It’s not anything I’m going to do, but it’s interesting. ", "I’ve clocked it and been like, that’s interesting, that I want to protect myself from being known as Jordan to this group of people when I’ve spent so long being known as this character.", "\n\nAre you wary of being known as Jordan to a wider public? ", "Yeah, I am. ", "Not for any crazy reason, other than I’m not everybody’s cup of tea. ", "There’s the fear of, if I show you who I am, inevitably, some people are not going to like it. ", "There’s this fear of being confronted with the fact that not everybody likes me, which I already know, intellectually, is not real. ", "Of course not everybody likes me. ", "To think anything other than that would be completely asinine — but being confronted with the reality of that is scary." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nJava UTF-8 encoding not set to URLConnection\n\nI'm trying to retrieve data from http://api.freebase.com/api/trans/raw/m/0h47\nAs you can see in text there are sings like this: /ælˈdʒɪəriə/.\nWhen I try to get source from the page I get text with sings like &#250; etc.", "\nSo far I've tried with the following code:\nurlConnection.setRequestProperty(\"Accept-Charset\", \"UTF-8\");\nurlConnection.setRequestProperty(\"Content-Type\", \"application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=utf-8\");\n\nWhat am I doing wrong?", "\nMy entire code:\nURL url = null;\nURLConnection urlConn = null;\nDataInputStream input = null;\ntry {\nurl = new URL(\"http://api.freebase.com/api/trans/raw/m/0h47\");\n} catch (MalformedURLException e) {e.printStackTrace();}\n\ntry {\n urlConn = url.openConnection(); \n} catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }\nurlConn.setRequestProperty(\"Accept-Charset\", \"UTF-8\");\nurlConn.setRequestProperty(\"Content-Type\", \"text/plain; charset=utf-8\");\n\nurlConn.setDoInput(true);\nurlConn.setUseCaches(false);\n\nStringBuffer strBseznam = new StringBuffer();\nif (strBseznam.length() > 0)\n strBseznam.deleteCharAt(strBseznam.length() - 1);\n\ntry {\n input = new DataInputStream(urlConn.getInputStream()); \n} catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }\nString str = \"\";\nStringBuffer strB = new StringBuffer();\nstrB.setLength(0);\ntry {\n while (null !", "= ((str = input.readLine()))) \n {\n strB.append(str); \n }\n input.close();\n} catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }\n\nA:\n\nThe HTML page is in UTF-8, and could use arabic characters and such. ", "But those characters above Unicode 127 are still encoded as numeric entities like &#250;. ", "An Accept-Encoding will not, help, and loading as UTF-8 is entirely right.", "\nYou have to decode the entities yourself. ", "Something like:\nString decodeNumericEntities(String s) {\n StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();\n Matcher m = Pattern.compile(\"\\\\&#(\\\\d+);\").matcher(s);\n while (m.find()) {\n int uc = Integer.parseInt(m.group(1));\n m.appendReplacement(sb, \"\");\n sb.appendCodepoint(uc);\n }\n m.appendTail(sb);\n return sb.toString();\n}\n\nBy the way those entities could stem from processed HTML forms, so on the editing side of the web app.", "\n\nAfter code in question:\nI have replaced DataInputStream with a (Buffered)Reader for text. ", "InputStreams read binary data, bytes; Readers text, Strings. ", "An InputStreamReader has as parameter an InputStream and an encoding, and returns a Reader.", "\ntry {\n BufferedReader input = new BufferedReader(\n new InputStreamReader(urlConn.getInputStream(), \"UTF-8\")); \n StringBuilder strB = new StringBuilder();\n String str;\n while (null !", "= (str = input.readLine())) {\n strB.append(str).append(\"\\r\\n\"); \n }\n input.close();\n} catch (IOException e) {\n e.printStackTrace();\n}\n\nA:\n\nTry adding also the user agent to your URLConnection:\nurlConnection.setRequestProperty(\"User-Agent\", \"Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_10_3) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/44.0.2403.155 Safari/537.36\");\n\nThis solved my decoding problem like a charm.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Unfortunately, I wasn’t able to find the version 2.0 of this model so i bought this one. ", "Actually the kit is good but it’s a little bit hard to make it stand. ", "Maybe because of the bulky rocket boosters attached on the legs.", "\n\nI repainted it first with RED and painted the shoulder horns with yellow.", "\n\nAfter a day of drying, i started to weather it using buds. ", "Dipping it on thinner and black paint and scrubbed it on the whole figure." ]

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[ "Technology insight: MammoSite--a new device for delivering brachytherapy following breast-conserving therapy.", "\nThe MammoSite (Cytyc Corporation, Marlborough, MA) breast brachytherapy applicator was designed to overcome the logistic problems created by external-beam radiation therapy (EBRT) and the technical difficulties associated with multicatheter-based interstitial brachytherapy. ", "The MammoSite catheter has been shown to treat a volume of tissue equivalent to that treated by multicatheter-based brachytherapy. ", "Using ultrasound guidance, the MammoSite applicator can be placed using an open technique at the time of lumpectomy or post-lumpectomy. ", "Initial results have shown favorable cosmesis and few significant side effects. ", "NSABP B-39/RTOG 0413 randomizes patients between EBRT and partial-breast irradiation (PBI). ", "The PBI arm consists of interstitial brachytherapy, MammoSite brachytherapy, or 3D conformal EBRT. ", "This trial has the potential to provide a definitive answer regarding the benefits of PBI for certain subgroups of patients, and hence lead to more women undergoing breast conservation therapy." ]

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[ "by BRIAN NADIG\n\nSaint Tarcissus, Saint Cornelius and Saint Thecla parishes reportedly would be combined into one parish beginning July 1, 2020, under the Archdiocese of Chicago’s “Renew My Church” initiative, according to Aug. 18 parish bulletins.", "\n\nThe archdiocese is planning to list possible scenarios for the future of the three parishes in their Aug. 18 bulletins and to hold meetings with each parish in August. ", "The archdiocese is taking feedback from the discernment team at each parish and plans to announce a final consolidation plan for the parishes in November.", "\n\nSaint Tarcissus Church, 6020 W. Ardmore Ave. (", "Photo by Kevin Gross)\n\nUnder the merger plan it is possible that worship services would continue at all three church sites. ", "However, the archdiocese also is considering scenarios in which services would be held at only one or two of the churches, essentially leading to the closing of one or two of the parish campuses.", "\n\nA new name reportedly would be chosen for the combined parish, but the existing church buildings on each campus could retain their current parish name.", "\n\nIt also is possible that a ministry could operate out of a closed campus or a portion of the site could be leased or sold. ", "The Chicago Public Schools has been looking at converting the former Saint Cornelius School, 5252 N. Long Ave., ", "into an early education center, but the project has been delayed for several years.", "\n\nThe plan also reportedly would impact Saint Thecla School, 6323 N. Newcastle Ave., ", "and the north campus of Pope Francis Global Academy, which is located inside the former Saint Tarcissus School, 6040 W. Ardmore Ave. ", "It is believed that they would be merged into one school and be operated by the new combined parish.", "\n\nSaint Thecla Church, 6323 N. Newcastle Ave. (", "Photo by Kevin Gross)\n\nThe school could be split over two campuses, Saint Thecla and Saint Tarcissus, but each campus would house different grades. ", "The other scenario reportedly calls for operating the school on just one of the campuses.", "\n\nThe Pope Francis academy’s south campus, which is located inside the former Saint Pascal School at 6143 W. Irving Road, would not be part of the merger plan. ", "The Saint Pascal Parish is in a different “Renew My Church” grouping which could go through the process next year.", "\n\nIn 2017, the archdiocese announced a series of groupings for Chicago parishes, which were encouraged to share resources in an effort to make each parish more sustainable.", "\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAt the time former Saint Tarcissus pastor Mike Solazzo, wrote in a parish bulletin: “We all see a decrease in priest personnel, contributions and volunteers. ", "All of our parishes are aging, and younger families and individuals are less visible in parish life, including Sunday worship.", "\n\n“This is a phenomenon happening all across the archdiocese, and I suspect across the country. ", "The increasing secularization of our society is a reality we live with. ", "Yet we must find a way to counteract it.”", "\n\nThe archdiocese reportedly takes into consideration several key factors when deciding whether to consolidate parishes, including worship attendance, a parish’s operating income and any deferred debt.", "\n\nSaint Cornelius Church, 5430 W. Foster Ave. (", "Photo by Kevin Gross)\n\nThe number of people attending Mass on weekends at Saint Cornelius, Saint Tarcissus and Saint Thecla reportedly is closer to 700 at each location, below the 800-benchmark set by the archdiocese.", "\n\n“Renew My Church” meetings are scheduled for 10:45 a.m. Sunday, Aug. 18, and 7 p.m. Monday, Aug. 19, at Saint Thecla Church, 6725 W. Devon Ave., ", "6:30 p.m. Monday, Aug. 19, at Saint Cornelius Church, 5430 W. Foster Ave., ", "and 7 p.m. Tuesday, Aug. 27, at Saint Tarcissus Church, 6020 W. Ardmore Ave.", "\n\n“One initiative of ‘Renew My Church’ is focused on increasing the vitality of our local communities. ", "Cardinal (Blasé) Cupich has asked our parish to come together with the other parishes in our grouping … to start a process of reflection, discernment and planning to consider how we can collaborate and combine resources so that we are better equipped to bring Jesus Christ to the world today,” the meeting announcement in the Saint Tarcissus newsletter said." ]

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[ "15.10.12 Photograph Jamie Forbes. ", "East Dunbartonshire Council Headquarters 12 Strathkelvin Place Kirkintilloch G66 1TJ\n\nThe administration formed as a result of the SNP becoming the single biggest party after May’s local elections, with seven councillors.", "\n\nBut the LibDem and Tory groups, who have six councillors apiece, have consistently voted down the administration.", "\n\nThis happened again last month when councillors voted to cut the maximum added years for pensionable employees from 10 to three, reduce the maximum discretionary payments from 66 weeks to 30, and introduce a maximum payback period of two years.", "\n\nOn November 9, Liberal Democrat and Tory councillors voted to defeat the SNP administration and Labour councillors to cut the terms of the council’s voluntary severance arrangements.", "\n\nIt instructs management to issue 90-day notices next March to all staff who do not agree to the changes voluntarily, terminating their current contracts and re-engaging them on the new terms and conditions.", "\n\nUnions condemned the move, while the ruling minority SNP administration accused the Tories and Lib Dems of treating council employees with “abject contempt” by announcing the decision ahead of consulting the workforce.", "\n\nLast night, the SNP made a last-ditch bid to have the decision taken by the LibDem and Conservative groups in November set aside. ", "But this was rejected by 12 votes to nine - with one Labour councillor and Independabt voting with the SNP. ", "One other Labour councillor is on paternity leave.", "\n\nNow the SNP have resigned en masse in protest following a stormy meeting at council HQ last night and leaves East Dunbartonshire without a governing party.", "\n\nIn a resignation letter former SNP council leader Councillor Gordon Low, said: “With a majority of 12 out of 22 councillors, the two main opposition groups have always had it in their own hands to choose how to exercise that majority." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nHow to enable Windows Authentication in AspNetCore SignalR Alpha\n\nHow do I configure SignalR to Authenticate/Authorize to a server that is must be protected by Windows Authentication. ", " There appears to be no way to make the JavaScript Client send Credentials with the request.", "\n\nA:\n\nWindows authentication should be handled by the browser and you should not have to do anything special. ", "The problem is that Chrome does not seem to handle Windows Authentication correctly. ", "There is a thread on github that contains more details.", "\nAlso, SignalR MVC 5 Websocket no valid Credentials seems still to apply as the issue is browser related (i.e. external to SignalR).", "\n\n" ]

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[ "The correlation of T1 bladder tumour history with prognosis and follow-up requirements.", "\nThe histories of 332 T1 bladder cancer patients were studied to determine the natural history in this tumour population. ", "Each was followed for at least 5 years or to earlier tumour death and the approach to treatment was conservative. ", "Patients were potentially at serious risk of disease progression and death if they presented with tumours of G2 or G3 grade and grew new ones again after treatment or if they exhibited a continuous high level of tumor neogenesis. ", "Fourteen developed urothelial tumours beyond the bladder, evidence of widespread urothelial instability. ", "Tumour deaths accounted for only 12% of the series, justifying a conservative approach to treatment, and a further 25% died from unrelated causes. ", "Those remaining tumour-free at 5 years had a low malignant potential and their natural history supported discontinuing routine cystoscopy after that time." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "US leaves CAR amid security woes\n\nAFPA soldier ensures the security during a women's march in Bangui against the conflict in their country.", "\n\nBangui, Central African Republic -\n\nSecurity concerns deepened in the capital of Central African Republic on Friday after the US ambassador and his diplomatic team were evacuated out of the country by plane overnight amid fears rebels could try to take the capital.", "\n\nUS officials said about 40 people were evacuated on an US Air Force plane bound for Kenya. ", "The officials spoke on condition of anonymity because they weren't authorised to discuss the details of the operation.", "\n\nThe evacuation came after President Francois Bozize on Thursday urgently called on former colonial ruler France and other foreign powers to help his government fend off rebels who are quickly seizing territory and approaching the capital.", "\n\nThe UN's most powerful body condemned the recent violence and expressed concern about the developments.", "\n\n“The members of the Security Council reiterate their demand that the armed groups immediately cease hostilities, withdraw from captured cities and cease any further advance towards the city of Bangui,” the statement said.", "\n\nCentral African Republic has a history of violent change in government. ", "The current president himself came to power nearly a decade ago in the wake of a rebellion in this resource-rich yet deeply poor country.", "\n\nSpeaking to crowds in Bangui, a city of about 600 000, Bozize pleaded with foreign powers to do what they could. ", "He pointed in particular to France, Central African Republic's former colonial ruler. ", "About 200 French soldiers are already in the country, providing technical support and helping to train the local army, according to the French defence ministry.", "\n\n“France has the means to stop (the rebels) but unfortunately they have done nothing for us until now,” Bozize said.", "\n\nFrench President Francois Hollande said on Thursday that France wants to protect its interests in Central African Republic and not Bozize's government. ", "The comments came a day after dozens of protesters, angry about a lack of help against rebel forces, threw rocks at the French Embassy in Bangui and stole a French flag.", "\n\nParis is encouraging peace talks between the government and the rebels, with the French Foreign Ministry noting in a statement that negotiations are due to “begin shortly in Libreville (Gabon).” ", "But it was not immediately clear if any dates have been set for those talks.", "\n\nFrench Foreign Minister Laurent Fabius spoke via phone with Bozize, asking the president to take responsibility for the safety of French nationals and diplomatic missions in Central African Republic.", "\n\nBozize's government earlier reached out to longtime ally Chad, which pledged to send 2,000 troops to bolster Central African Republic's own forces.", "\n\nThis landlocked nation of about 4.4 million people has suffered decades of army revolts, coups and rebellions since gaining independence in 1960 and remains one of the poorest countries in the world.", "\n\nThe rebels behind the most recent instability signed a 2007 peace accord allowing them to join the regular army, but insurgent leaders say the deal wasn't fully implemented. ", "The rebel forces have seized at least 10 towns across the sparsely populated north of the country, and residents in the capital now fear the insurgents could attack at any time, despite assurances by rebel leaders that they are willing to engage in dialogue instead of attacking Bangui.", "\n\nThe rebels have claimed that their actions are justified in light of the “thirst for justice, for peace, for security and for economic development of the people of Central African Republic.”", "\n\nDespite Central African Republic's wealth of gold, diamonds, timber and uranium, the government remains perpetually cash-strapped. ", "Filip Hilgert, a researcher with Belgium-based International Peace Information Service, said rebel groups are unhappy because they feel the government doesn't invest in their areas.", "\n\n“The main thing they say is that the north of the country, and especially in their case the northeast, has always been neglected by the central government in all ways,” he said.", "\n\nThe rebels also are demanding that the government make payments to ex-combatants, suggesting that their motives may also be for personal financial gain. - ", "Sapa-AP\n\nComment Guidelines\n\nHas a comment offended you? ", "Hover your mouse over the comment and wait until a small triangle appears on the right-hand side. ", "Click triangle () and select \"Flag as inappropriate\". ", "Our moderators will take action if need be.", "\n\nVerified email addresses: All users on Independent Media news sites are now required to have a verified email address before being allowed to comment on articles. ", "You are only required to verify your email address once to have full access to commenting on articles. ", "For more information please read our comment guidelines" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

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[ "Ukrainian quartet DakhaBrakha combine textured hand percussion, layered group vocals, and droning cello and accordion in a simultaneously minimalist and expansive approach they call \"ethno-chaos.\" ", "In their effort to reinterpret Ukrainian folk music with a host of other reference points—from African polyrhythms to Western pop music—DakhaBrakha come off as both stately and playful. ", "They play here at an installment of Central Park Sessions dubbed the \"Small World Session\": Also on the bill is New Orleans-based singer Sasha Masakowski and her band, and New Hampshire flamenco/gypsy-swing hybridizers Ameranouche. —", "Scott Gordon\n\nBetween his infectious garage-punk canon with The Spaceshits, his mighty multi-tasking as the BBQ half of the King Khan & BBQ Show, or just being a one-man garage-rock tour de force in his solo work, Montreal-based multi-instrumentalist Mark Sultan has been refining his dirty, bare-bones guitar-pop for over 25 years. ", "His latest BBQ EP, Mark Sultan, dropped in late 2015 and its four tunes are packed with the same infectiously nasty and highly influential pop-rock tunes that so many contemporaries take a crack at and can’t quite imitate. “", "The Other Two” rides on a few jangly chords and a stripped-down rhythm, as Sultan's melodically yearning vocals wail above. ", "Closing tune “Rock Me” touches on the charms of soulful doo-wop without the backing harmonies, as his mighty voice shakes and quivers convincingly through hook after hook. —", "Joel Shanahan\n\nBearing witness to a live performance from Pennsylvania-based percussion experimentalist Tatsuya Nakatani is brain-bending, to say the least. ", "We’re grateful that he keeps cruising through Madison, as we could never tire of Nakatani’s seemingly peerless expansion of both the traditional sonic and physical possibilities of a percussion performance. ", "He twists up elements of organic drone and free jazz into something totally pure, and leaves no corner of any piece in his arsenal of instruments unbowed, untapped, or un-battered. ", "The dynamics of every dimension in the avant-percussionist’s moves feel both entirely deliberate and completely spontaneous, as his limbs constantly work in a tasteful frenzy, with one foot working the kick drum, one hand bowing a gong, and the other hand both bowing and spinning an array of harmonizing singing bowls. ", "Cymbals are bent and slammed, as they sing and screech and are rubbed abrasively over the head of his tom drum, gongs growl and sing, and a floating and shape-shifting groove somehow keeps soaring through the backdrop. ", "It’s a constant conversation where every word means something—and you can hear more voices in one of Nakatani's performances than you probably would from an ensemble of synthesizers. —", "JS\n\nThe Madison Public Library's Bubbler program opens three new art shows and kicks off a new artist residency at this loosely but intriguingly themed event. ", "Artists Brandon Norsted, Kandy Watson, and Mackenzie Reynolds all explore memory and left-behind artifacts, from Reynolds's hauntingly modified family photos to Norsted's photos of cars in a junkyard. ", "During the evening, the Bubbler's newest artist-in-residence, Danika Brubaker, will lead attendees in an experiment incorporating found art and social media. —", "SG\n\nThe newest Madison ensemble to celebrate Brazilian music, Wolbaianos, will make their debut here with a performance of the album Acabou Chorare, released in 1972 by a band called Novos Baianos. ", "Followers of Brazilian music treasure the album for its rich weave of samba rhythms and its nods to contemporary styles of pop and psychedelic rock. ", "Fellow Madison outfit Metabaque offers another perspective on Brazilian music, combining the Afro-Brazilian maracatu genre with hip-hop rhythms. ", "Madison jazz sextet Lovely Socialite, while not explicitly focused on Latin music, are rangey, strange, and playful enough to fit in here. —", "SG\n\nThe Sugar Maple Traditional Music Festival generally tries to offer a window into American roots music—from Cajun music to bluegrass to ragtime—and highlight younger artists who are trying to keep the old-timey stuff relevant and lively. ", "It doesn't usually aim for the \"alternative country\" part of the spectrum, but Jay Farrar of Son Volt and Uncle Tupelo will be there in a trio format Saturday, performing songs from Son Volt's 1995 debut album, Trace. ", "Seems like a bit of an outlier, but based on videos and reviews from the trio's performances earlier this year, even more rocking numbers like \"Drown\" and \"Route\" will get a sparse treatment here, with just two guitars, pedal steel, and fiddle. ", "More typical of Sugar Maple will be Friday's set from young Nashville western-swing duo Music City Doughboys, and a Saturday set of traditional Cajun and Creole music from Jesse Legé, Ed Poullard and Charlie Terr. —", "SG\n\nIt's been a productive summer for Madison hip-hop, with campus-nurtured artists and young Madison natives releasing new albums and EPs and a respectable string of singles, and this show is as good an introduction as any. ", "Broadway, an MC studying in UW-Madison's First Wave program, has dropped two singles recently (\"StageFace\" and \"Make Me Rich\") that showcase her intricately structured and brilliantly slippery flows. ", "This is in preparation for a project she's said will come out sometime this summer, so we're hoping for some more solid new material in her set here. ", "Fellow First Waver Rich Robbins recently released an ambitious second album, and young Madisonians like Red and Trebino have been offering a grittier vision in their singles, while Charles Grant contributes a downtrodden but spirited voice in recent songs like \"Dope Man Guilt.\" ", "The lineup here is a varied and admirable effort to bring together hip-hop acts of different backgrounds and stylistic bents. ", "Their (relative) elder DJ Pain 1 will be presiding over it, after a year that's seen him collaborate with artists including Royce Da 5'9\" and Sole. —", "SG\n\nSay what you want about Def Leppard in all their cringe-worthy cheese, goofy hooks, and overall hair-metal bombast. ", "In their partnership with producer Mutt Lange, they wrote some of the most compelling, memorable, and sonically interesting pop tunes of the 1980s. ", "Some folks will only argue for the role they played in the New Wave Of British Heavy Metal and their work with ex-guitarist-vocalist Pete Willis, but this writer would rather argue for the era when tasteful guitar stylist Phil Collen joined the band and Rick Allen learned how to play a drumset with one fucking arm. ", "Seriously. ", "Just listen to “Animal,” from 1987’s Hysteria: Those gorgeous, chorus-laden guitars in the verses, the endearingly tinny guitar hooks in the chorus, and vocalist Joe Elliott’s swaggering hooks hold up. ", "Not to mention all the weird synth bits and atmospheric production of “Love Bites.” ", "Plus, there are all of those bizarrely reverberated electronic drum sounds that pummel throughout the album. ", "With the hits in particular, it’s tough to ignore the meticulous attention to detail that plays out in the tiniest sonic flourishes of not just the anthemic choruses and verses, but even in the tiniest corners of every intro and pre-chorus. ", "I mean, yeah, it’s still Def Leppard and there are probably moments in every tune that feel borderline embarrassing to listen to, but this somehow doesn’t really take away from how expertly crafted those tunes are on every level. —", "JS\n\nOnce a fixture in Madison's tiny but remarkable experimental scene, Chicago-based sound designer and synthesist Connor Camburn began crafting his distinctive and murky voice with the raw, pulsing railroad electronics of his former Slag Heap moniker. ", "As the years have passed, Camburn has further refined his bleak and distant vision in his work under the name Litüus. ", "On his latest EP, 19805.-_1990, which dropped in 2015 through avant-techno producer Shifted’s Avian imprint, Camburn zooms in on a series of unsettling pulses that linger in the air like a ghostly installation—relying more on subtle alterations and tweaks than traditional movement. ", "Every slight shift in the core synth patch for each piece—be it the filter, resonance, or delay—makes each gritty anti-tone slither through the listener’s skull a bit differently, The haunting stillness of Camburn’s tunes should provide the perfect counterpoint to the more immediate industrial-pop stylings of Hide, the other Chicago-based act on the bill. ", "Hide’s latest 12-inch —2015’s Flesh For The Living—offers a nostalgic nod to Wax Trax-era EBM, but strips away much of the kitsch in favor of something a bit more polished and sinister. ", "The title track barrels in with a hammering four-on-the-floor kick, as a pulsing, droning bassline stutters under ominous vocals of Heather Gabel. ", "Madison’s own psychedelic goth-pop voyager Samantha Glass will fill out the bill. —", "JS\n\nSpace Jam is that strange film that seems to exist in the limbo-like pop-cultural state of existence between “holding up” and “not holding up.” ", "It’s just barely insane enough to be worth rewatching, but it’s simply not a good enough film where the act of watching it is that much more enjoyable than simply contemplating the possibility of watching it. ", "Believe it or not, getting Michael Jordan involved in a basketball game alongside the Loony Tunes in space against a team of aliens who call themselves The Monstars requires more suspension of disbelief than most adults are able to muster. ", "Then again, maybe I’m just the grump raining on everyone’s parade. ", "For those of us with enough childlike sense of wonder to enjoy it with zero irony, I say go with God. ", "For everyone else, enjoy it for the 1996 time-capsule wild ride of an absurd train wreck that it is. —", "Chris Lay\n\nMinneapolis band Posh Lost make post-punk songs with a tasteful balance of Joy Division austerity and sleek, gloomy melody. ", "The band's recent self-titled EP stands out for guitarist Jeff Cornell's earnest (if very Ian Curtis-channeling) vocals and its sharp grasp of arrangements and dynamics: \"Impulse\" begins with a chugging, distorted bass line and martial drum pattern that hint at aggression, but instead the band deftly layers on soulful overdriven guitar leads and shimmering synth pads. ", "And for all those lush elements, Posh Lost retains a poignant sense of coldness and restraint. —", "SG\n\nOK, so there was that whole Jazzcat fiasco, but the annual Jazz At Five series deserves some credit here for managing to include a few of Madison's fresher jazz acts in its lineup. ", "One is Major Vistas, playing the 5 p.m. set at this installment. ", "The trio recently released its debut album, Minor Anthems, which finds guitarist Chris Bucheit, keyboard player Mike Weiser, and drummer Geoff Brady crafting surprisingly moody tunes informed by both pop structure and jazz improvisation. ", "Bucheit and Weiser talked with us about the album on a recent podcast. —", "SG\n\n&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;a href=\"http://majorvistas.bandcamp.com/album/minor-anthems-2\"&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;Minor Anthems by Major Vistas&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;/a&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n\nOn the 2015 full-length Never Were The Way She Was, violin artisan Sarah Neufeld and reed explorer Colin Stetson (who are both Arcade Fire collaborators) join forces for a series of enveloping compositions that flutter adeptly between the lushest highs and growling, discombobulating lows. ", "Album-opener “The Sun Roars Into View” never seems to stop ascending into the heavens, as whirling and colorful reed lines climb up columns of galloping violin work. ", "The duo traverse some serious Reich-ian territory on “In The Vespers,” as lightning-quick counter melodies between sax and violin bounce off each other wildly before dropping into a freefall of rippling, bowed notes and screeching drones. ", "The journey takes a couple of beautifully unexpected twists in the creepy, growling, (presumably) bass-clarinet-led trudge of “With The Dark Hug Of Time” and the asymmetrical groove of “The Rest Of Us.” ", "On the latter song, the rhythmic backbone seems to be processed by the externally mic’d and processed keys of Stetson’s sax, as Neufeld’s hypnotic bowing patterns circle overhead. —", "JS" ]

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[ "Recent structural insights into the expanding world of carbohydrate-active enzymes.", "\nEnzymes that catalyse the synthesis and breakdown of glycosidic bonds account for 1-3% of the proteins encoded by the genomes of most organisms. ", "At the current rate, over 12 000 glycosyltransferase and glycoside hydrolase open reading frames will appear during 2006. ", "Recent advances in the study of the structure and mechanism of these carbohydrate-active enzymes reveal that glycoside hydrolases continue to display a wide variety of scaffolds, whereas nucleotide-sugar-dependent glycosyltransferases tend to be grafted onto just two protein folds. ", "The past two years have seen significant advances, including the discovery of a novel NAD+-dependent glycosidase mechanism, the dissection of the reaction coordinate of sialidases and a better understanding of the expanding roles of auxiliary carbohydrate-binding domains." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "This study is a clinical trial of a multi-component telehealth intervention for informal caregivers of rural older adults, an understudied population thought to be at greater risk for negative physical and mental health outcomes. ", "The intervention, based on the Perceived Stress Model of Caregiver Burden (Chwalisz, 1996) will be administered by telephone and includes components targeted to caregiver knowledge (caregiver role/process, knowledge of services/resources, information about care-recipient's condition), skills (social problem solving skills), behavior (enhancing social interaction/support), and affect (cognitive-behavioral therapy to manage negative affect). ", "Two delivery mechanisms will be compared in a randomized controlled trial design: a 9-session structured telephone counseling intervention and a call-in help line (in which all treatment components are available but delivery is tailored to individual participants based on presenting concerns and assessed needs). ", "Treatment outcome data will be compared with outcome data from a \"service-as-usual\" control group. ", "It is hypothesized that caregivers who receive the telehealth services will have greater improvement in physical health (self-assessed health, health care service utilization), mental health (caregiver burden, symptoms of depression and anxiety), and psychosocial functioning (social support, interpersonal relationship conflict, social role functioning) than controls. ", "It is further hypothesized that caregivers who receive the entire treatment package will have better outcomes than help line participants, although there is a competing hypothesis that interventions tailored to caregivers' situations and need are more effective. ", "The variable use of the help line treatment condition will allow for tests of dose-effect, and perhaps dismantling, relationships. ", "Tracking help line usage, and comparisons between individuals who are referred for the intervention, but do not participate/dropout, will also provide information invaluable to developing services for rural caregivers. ", "Other notable methodological features include treatment manualization, training, and implementation tracking. ", "Specific treatment components (e.g., telehealth modality, culturally sensitive services/outreach, stakeholder involvement) have been designed in order to reach a more diverse group of caregivers, including caregivers who are underrepresented in research (e.g., racial/ethnic minorities, overburdened caregivers)." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }

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[ "1. ", "Field of the Invention\nThe present invention relates to a photoconductor for electrophotography, and particularly to a photoconductor for electrophotography which contains a novel azo or disazo compound in the photosensitive layer thereof formed on an electroconductive substrate.", "\n2. ", "Description of the Prior Art\nPhotosensitive materials which have heretofore been used in photoconductors for electrophotography include inorganic photoconductive substances such as selenium and selenium alloys, dispersions of inorganic photoconductive substances such as zinc oxide and cadmium sulfide in resin binders, organic polymeric photocondutive substances such as poly-N-vinylcarbazole and polyvinylanthracene, organic photoconductive substances such as phthalocyanine compounds and bisazo compounds, and dispersions of such organic polymeric photoconductive substances in resin binders.", "\nPhotoconductors are required to have the characteristics of maintaining a surface electric charge in the dark, generating an electric charge upon receiving light, and transporting an electric charge upon receiving light. ", "They are classified into two photoconductor types namely, so-called monolayer type photoconductors, and so-called laminate type photoconductors. ", "The former comprises a single layer having all of the above-mentioned three characteristics, and the latter comprises functionally distinguishable laminated layers, one of which contributes mainly to the generation of electric charge, and another of which contributes to the retention of surface electric charge in the dark and electric charge transportation upon receiving light. ", "An electrophotographic method using a photoconductor of the kind as mentioned above, is for example the Carlson's system and is applied to image formation. ", "The image formation according to this system comprises the steps of subjecting a photoconductor in the dark to corona discharge to charge the photoconductor, illuminating the surface of the charged photoconductor with imagewise light based on a manuscript or copy bearing, e.g., letters and/or pictures to form a latent electrostatic image, developing the formed latent electrostatic image with a toner, and transferring the developed toner image to a support such as a paper sheet to fix the toner image on the support. ", "After the toner image transfer, the photoconductor is subjected to the steps of removal of the electric charge, removal of the remaining toner (cleaning), neutralization of the residual charge with light (erasure), and so on to be ready for reuse.", "\nPhotosensitive members for electrophotography in which use is made of an organic material(s) have recently been put into practical use by virtue of the advantageous feature(s) of the organic material(s), such as flexibility, thermal stability, and/or a film forming capacity. ", "They include a photoconductor comprising poly-N-vinylcarbazole and 2,4,7-trinitrofluoren-9-one (disclosed in U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "3,484,237), a photoconductor using an organic pigment as the main component (disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. ", "37,543/1972), and a photoconductor using as the main component a eutectic complex composed of a dye and a resin (disclosed in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Application No. ", "10,785/1972). ", "A number of novel hydrazone compounds have also been put into practical use for photosensitive members.", "\nAlthough organic materials have a number of advantageous features mentioned above with which inorganic materials are not endowed, the fact is that there have been obtained no organic materials fully satisfying all the characteristics required of a material to be used in photoconductors for electrophotography at present. ", "Particular problems involved in organic materials have been concerned with photosensitivity and characteristics in continuous repeated use." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nWhat is the best name for true-tellers, liars and normals\n\nIn the world exists a lot of puzzles based on variations of true-tellers, liars and normals (sometimes lies, sometimes not). ", "There are plenty of names for these characters, for example see the questions (or many others similar around the Internet):\nKnights and jokers\nIsland inhabitants: Who lies and who tells the truth?", "\nNine togglers, one truth teller, and only a single question\nTruths, Lies, and Xors\nWhat is the most correct name for this puzzle and the characters?", "\nWhat is the most common name for this puzzle and the characters?", "\nWhat is the most popular name for this puzzle and the characters?", "\nI know, this question demands answers strongly based on opinion, but still I would like to know, what do you think and why.", "\nBecause:\nI believe a lot of scientific/popular literature about this logic puzzles exists, and maybe in this literature is some common/correct name suggested.", "\nAlso the first historical appearance of these puzzles could be the clue.", "\n\nA:\n\nThere will be no right answer for this question since it is subjective.", "\nThe oft-used adjectives are Knights and Knaves for truth-tellers and liars respectively (as Peter LeFanu Lumsdaine and alexwlchan pointed out). ", "Often the normals are described as such - since they are usually not normal per se, but rather do something like lie or tell the truth according to a uniform random variable (are \"unpredictables\").", "\nI quite like these somewhat archaic English terms soothsayers, mythomaniacs, and quixotics for truth-tellers, liars, and unpredicatables.", "\nWe could also try to give them individual names; some with somewhat relevant meanings one could use are as follows (I'm sure there are more).", "\nFor the truth-teller:\n\nAlethea (Greek: aletheia = truth)\nAmin (Arabic: amin = truthful)\nSati (Sanskrit: sati = truthful)\nSidika (Turkish: sidika = truth)\nVerity (English: verity = truth)\n\nFor the liar:\n\nBellona (Latin: bellare = fight)\nDrake (Old Norse: draki = dragon)\nLileth (Akkadian: lilitu = of the night)\nMark / Marcus / Martin (Greek: Mars = the god of war)\n\nFor the normal / unpredictable\n\nAlf / Alfred (Old Norse: Alfr = elf)\nCaprice (English capricious = unpredictable)\nDougal (Gaelic dubh = dark\", gall \"stranger\")\nNemo (Latin: nemo = nobody)\nPeter (Greek: petros = stone)\nThomas (Aramaic: a'oma' = twin)\n\nOr how about being a little tongue in cheek and going for something like: Frank (to be frank); Phoebe (fibber) or Lyle (liar); and Norman (normal).", "\n\n" ]

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[ "What's that, my deer? ", "The cat that's begun an unlikely relationship at a zoo\n\nNuzzling his new friend, this deer seemed to enjoy the affections of a rather unusual playmate as onlookers at a zoo watched in amazement.", "\n\n\n\nThe heartwarming scene at Odessa Zoo, Ukraine saw the confident ginger cat approaching the young roe deer before rubbing its face against the buck\n\nPhotographer Vitaly Ktach stumbled across the pair by accident but couldn't resist taking these adorable pictures.", "\n\nFawning over each other: The ginger cat nuzzled itself against the young deer\n\nHe said:' I saw them by accident when walking in the zoo with my camera and could not resist stopping to take pictures.", "\n\n'The affectionate behaviour of the cat towards the young deer had myself and other visitors watching in disbelief. '", "\n\n\n\nFeline friendly: The cat sauntered up to the unwitting deer\n\nHe added: 'The cat seemed to really be taking its time to run its fur along the deer, which must have felt very nice.", "\n\n\n\n'It then sat down and they enjoyed gently rubbing their faces together. ", "They looked in bliss\n\n\n\n'Evidently real love doesn't know taboo. ", "These animals don't care about the opinion of others.'", "\n\nRoe-mantic: The deer returns the feeling and gently nuzzles the cat\n\n\n\n" ]

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[ "Everton vs. Norwich\n\nEverton V Norwich Preview\n\nEverton will be looking to bounce back following the disappointment of last weekend as they take on a Norwich side who will be on cloud nine at Goodison Park on Saturday. ", "Everton suffered a bitterly disappointing 2-1 loss to Reading, a result that ended their 9 game losing streak and also dropped them out of the top 4. ", "Norwich on the other hand had a massive 1-0 win over Manchester United, a result that saw them move up to 13th. ", "Everton will not be able to get away with a similar performance than the one they put in during the 2nd half of last weekend with the Goodison crowd on their backs and they will be expecting a much better performance and the 3pts as they seek to regain the 4th spot which they succumbed to an impressive West Brom outfit.", "\n\nVital Quotes:\n\nEverton midfielder Thomas Hitzlsperger urged the side to focus ahead of the Norwich game saying\n\n\"Personally I have been happy with the way things are going, apart from the result at Reading, I`m not happy with that, Norwich is a game that we have to win, especially after Saturday. ", "It was so frustrating for us not to get the three points or at least one point. ", "We have to focus on the game against Norwich, get three points and then we are back on track again. ", "We can`t let our heads drop and say that it is bad. ", "We have to lift ourselves again and look forward to the next game.\"", "\n\n'He [Ruddy] will enjoy going back to Everton and will look for the opportunity to catch up with old friends. ", "It is only a good day though if you get something from it. ", "That is always pleasing for a goalkeeper and a back four but it is a real team effort. ", "The back four have a group of players in front of them who are giving them good resistance.", "We will be severely tested but we are buoyed by the good spells we have had this season.'", "\n\nEverton Team News:\n\nEverton have a couple injury and suspension worries ahead of this match. ", "Influential big man Marouane Fellaini will miss the Norwich match due to the Belgian picking up his 5th yellow last weekend. ", "They will also be without club captain Phil Neville, as it was revealed last weekend that he needed knee surgery and will miss 6-8wks. ", "In some good news for the club, the side could finally regain the services of Darron Gibson after he played 60mins for the reserve side last weekend and could be in line for a return to the starting XI after missing since the start of September. ", "Hibbert is also edging closer to a return to the side following his calf injury. ", "Mirallas is described as a 50-50 as he attempts to recover from a hamstring injury. ", "And finally, striker Victor Anichebe is also listed as questionable for the match.", "\n\nPlayer to watch: Steven Pienaar\n\nSince his return to Everton from Spurs, it is safe to say, for the larger part he has been outstanding, however, in the last few weeks, the the South African hasn't been at his sparkling best, and it has reflected on the whole side as Everton, although sitting in 5th, haven't been at their best. ", "With Fellaini out, the large burden left with his absence will fall squarely onto Pienaar and his partnership with Baines on the left. ", "The combination of Pienaar and Baines is the best partnership in the league, they have shredded sides single handedly and Everton will be hoping those two can do the same against Norwich on Saturday.", "\n\nNorwich Team News:\n\nNorwich are slightly better off than the hosts, however, there are a couple issues for the visitors ahead of the match. ", "The major question mark is the fitness over centre back Michael Turner. ", "Other than that, the only certain absentees for the Canaries will be youngster Harry Kane and defender Russell Martin, both through injuries.", "\n\nPlayer to watch: Grant Holt\n\nShowed last season he can be a menace against Everton scoring a couple times against this Everton side. ", "The major worry will be his physicality, especially if Moyes decides to go with Jagielka and Heitinga, who aren't the strongest centre backs. ", "I would assume that Everton would largely dominate the possession with Norwich sitting and absorbing the pressure, therefore it is vital the Everton defenders do not give the big man any space and more so no chances, because as he showed last season, he will stick a chance away if given the shot.", "\n\nMatch Facts & Stats\n\n1. ", "Prior to last weekend, Everton came back from conceding the 1st goal in the last 6 games to grab a draw or a win. ", "Last weekend, they scored first and they ended up losing. ", "their first in 9 matches and only their 2nd in the last 21 matches.", "\n\n2. ", "This will be Moyes' 200th match as Everton manager at Goodison Park, of which he has 104 wins with only 46 defeats\n\n3. ", "This will be Leighton Baines' 300th league start, of which, 150 have been for Everton\n\n4. ", "Last weekend was the first time in the club's history that the starting XI had 11 full internationals playing.", "\n\nMatch Prediction:\n\nEverton need to bounce back, they need to forget the Reading match and focus on a dangerous Canary side who will be full of confidence following their 1-0 win over United. ", "Everton's home form has been outstanding, think the last time they lost was back in March, and some of the performances during that time have been outstanding and the fans will be hoping to see the Everton side that started the season so emphatically. ", "Fellaini will be a major loss, but with the possible returns of Gibson and Mirallas, it would serve as a massive boost for the side. ", "Due to Everton playing at home, I will go for a 3-1 win to Everton. ", "COYB!!! ", "NEED TO GET THE 3PTS LADS!!!", "\n\nCookie Policy\nAt Vital Football, we along with most other modern websites use small files called 'cookies' to create the most secure, effective and functional website possible for our users. ", "Without these files our business model, based on advertising, breaks down and we would be unable to continue to provide the services that you are here to utilise. ", "By continuing to use this website after seeing this message, you consent to our use of cookies on this device unless you have disabled them. ", "For full details please read our Cookie Policy which can be found here. ", "However, if you would like to disable cookies on this device, please view our Cookie Policy which contains an opt-out tool for disabling advertising cookies. ", "Please also visit our information pages on 'How to manage cookies' if you would also like to block all other types of cookies. ", "Please be aware that parts of this site will not function correctly if you disable cookies." ]

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[ "Challenges to preventing infectious complications, decreasing re-hospitalizations, and reducing cost burden in long-term survivors after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.", "\nEven though the overall outcome after allogeneic transplant has improved significantly in the last decades, late infectious diseases are still the most important causes of late morbidity and mortality. ", "Here, impaired immune reconstitution and therapy of chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) represent the major risk factors. ", "In this review, we give a comprehensive overview of late infectious complications and summarize possible diagnostic and therapeutic interventions to prevent these complications." ]

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[ "Check this crazy wedding video from Dagestan . ", "They have some really bizarre wedding traditions :)Learn more about Dagestan wedding traditions here" ]

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[ "Tilted Kilt sponsors martial arts fight team\n\nThe Tilted Kilt, a 50-unit pub chain, has gone from being a place for guests to watch mixed martial arts fight matches on TV to becoming the first restaurant brand to step into the ring with the sponsorship of an Ultimate Fighting Championship team.", "\nThe Tempe, Ariz.-based chain has agreed to fund a lineup of MMA competitors, the Tilted Kilt Fight Team, which president Ron Lynch is convinced will drive national exposure during pay-per-view fights and strengthen the Tilted Kilt’s ...\n\nRegister to view this article\n\nIt’s free but we need to know a little about you to continually improve our content.", "\n\nWhy Register?", "\n\nRegistering allows you to unlock a portion of our premium online content. ", "You can access more in-depth stories and analysis, as well as news not found on any other website or any other media outlet. ", "You also get free eNewsletters, blogs, real-time polls, archives and more.", "\n\nAttention Print Subscribers: While you have already been granted free access to NRN we ask that you register now. ", "We promise it will only take a few minutes!" ]

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