Datasets:

tomekkorbak

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detoxify-pile-chunk3-4550000-4600000

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[ "Q:\n\nVSTS: \"You are not allowed to perform this task because of the permissions in the Azure AD. ", "Please contact your directory admin\"\n\nHas anyone else encountered this issue when trying to add additional users to a repo in VSTS (via the web GUI)? (", "We have not exceeded the 5-user limit.)", "\nThanks!", "\n\nA:\n\nFor Azure Ad you need the permission \"global admin or privileged role admin \"to add the user\"\nIf you have VSTS account then for adding users into VSTS you required VSTS project collection administrator or account owner permissions \nYou can refer the links below:\nhttps://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/vsts/organizations/accounts/manage-azure-active-directory-groups-vsts?view=vsts\nhttps://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/vsts/organizations/security/set-project-collection-level-permissions?toc=%2Fvsts%2Forganizations%2Faccounts%2Ftoc.json&%3Bbc=%2Fvsts%2Forganizations%2Faccounts%2Fbreadcrumb%2Ftoc.json&view=vsts#add-a-user-or-group-to-a-security-group\n\n" ]

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[ "Storing values into process data can be real useful. ", "However, when you “update” process data, it is an update TO process data. ", "It is not an update OF process data. ", "If you have multiple updates, it will create multiple entries. ", "Multiple updates will NOT overwrite the value in process data.", "\n\nDoing a “select” will return the first value from process data. ", "Selecting a value, manipulating the value, then updating process data with the new value will create multiple entries. ", "Every time you do a select from process data, it will return the initial value.", "\n\nThis is fine if you’re only using two values. ", "If you have more than two values, then you need to use the last function within your xpath.", "\n\nHere’s an example of concatenating a list of values separated by commas:\n\nstring[100] test_string;\n\ntest_string = \"\";\n\nselect xpathresult into test_string from processdata where xpath = \"//test[last()]\";\n\nThis rule does a select to get the current value. ", "If the length is greater than 0, it means there already was a value. ", "Since the select returns a string, we need to convert it to an integer first with atoi.", "\n\nWe then increment the value that was returned.", "\n\nIf the length is 0, there was no value in process data yet. ", "We assign a value of 1, to the integer variable instead.", "\n\nWe then convert the value back to a string, and update process data with the new value.", "\n\nProcess data gets updated and looks like this:\n\n<next_num>1</next_num>\n\n<next_num>2</next_num>\n\n<next_num>3</next_num>\n\n<next_num>4</next_num>\n\nYou can see how it just increments the counter for each update to process data.", "\n\nThat’s really all there is to it. ", "From the little testing I’ve done, you can use full paths in your xpath, or the //<node name>, just as long as you add [last()] to the end, it returns the last. ", "I’ve seen some rather complex xpath statements, so I’m not sure how well it works with the more complex ones, or what tweaks you would need. ", "If you come across a statement that doesn’t seem to work, let us know in the comments.", "\n\nIn both of these examples, we’re just updating right back to process data and that’s it. ", "In real world scenarios, you’re going to probably use the variables elsewhere in your extended rules or replace the variable with a #FIELD to store the value directly into a field.", "\n\nThe next time you need to keep a running variable in process data, you can simply use the [last()] function and it’ll make your mapping life that much easier." ]

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[ "Sign up NOW for our daily Villa newsletter direct to your inbox Subscribe Thank you for subscribing We have more newsletters Show me See our privacy notice Invalid Email\n\nBillionaire Americans Josh Harris and David Blitzer are looking at a takeover of Aston Villa, according to reports this morning.", "\n\nThe pair, who recently bought ice hockey and basketball franchises, have been scouring England for a football team to buy that will add to their impressive portfolio, and have now turned their attention to the Premier League, according to our sister title The Sunday People.", "\n\nHarris and Blitzer know Randy Lerner - who put Villa up for sale last month - and have been discussing figures for the past few weeks, with the price falling to around £150 million.", "\n\nThe duo are investment experts and have previously specialised in ‘distressed’ companies.", "\n\nThey have been using leading figures at top clubs for advice about a purchase.", "\n\nHarris and Blitzer have been behind many success stories, including the American Idol TV show and a leading cruise line.", "\n\nIf the pair decide to take the plunge it will be a big boost for Villa, but could also spell the end for boss Paul Lambert.", "\n\nSeveral of Lambert’s top players were promised fresh pay contracts at the end of the season.", "\n\nFabian Delph, Gabby Agbonlahor and Ron Vlaar are all due to thrash out new terms as they enter the final year of their deals. ", "But agents have so far hit a brick wall as they have attempted to broker agreements for their clients.", "\n\nVilla chief executive Paul Faulkner is part of the FA delegation in Brazil and so far Villa have added Joe Cole and Philippe Senderos to their ranks.", "\n\nLosing key players is a worry with interest from QPR in captain Vlaar, who is a key figure in the dressing room.", "\n\nThe centre-half has grown in stature in his two seasons at Villa and is attracting attention with his displays at the heart of Holland’s defence in the World Cup.", "\n\nGet more news from where you live by clicking here\n\nMake sure you download the FREE Birmingham Mail app for Apple and Android devices.", "\n\nViewing this on your Tablet? ", "Get the Birmingham Mail as an e-edition every morning" ]

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[ "FC Kariana Erden\n\nFC Kariana Erden () is a Bulgarian football club based in Erden, which currently competes in the Second League, the second level of Bulgarian football.", "\n\nHistory\n\n2014–present: Yosifov Era\nThey become champions in 2015, winning the Bulgarian A Regional Group and promoting to V Group. ", " For the 2015-16 season team got a new sport complex. ", " They finished 5th in their first season in V Group, later known as Third League from 2016.", "\n\nOn 2 May 2017, after the lose against Litex Lovech, manager Georgi Vladimirov and one of the top players Petar Dimitrov were released from the team. ", " Day later Atanas Dzhambazki was announced as the new manager of the team. ", " On 8 May 2018 the team won their promotion to Second League.", "\n\nIn their debut season in the second league, Kariana finished 12th, thus ensuring another season in the second tier of Bulgarian football.", "\n\nLeague positions\n\nHonours\nSecond League:\n 12th place: 2018–19\nThird League:\n Winners (1): 2017–18\n Runners-up (1): 2016–17\n\nA RFG Montana:\n Winners (1): 2014–15\n\nShirt and sponsor\nKariana's main colors are black and red and since 2014 their kit supplier are Zeus.", "\n\nPlayers\n\nFirst-team squad\n\nFor recent transfers, see Transfers summer 2019 and Transfers winter 2019–20.", "\n\nManagers\n\nPast seasons\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nbgclubs.eu\n\nCategory:Football clubs in Bulgaria\nCategory:Association football clubs established in 2014\nCategory:2012 establishments in Bulgaria\nbg:ФК Кариана (Ерден)" ]

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[ "486 F.2d 1396\nU. S.v.", "Alo\n73-1380\nUNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS Second Circuit\n4/12/73\n\n1\nS.D.N.Y.\n\nAFFIRMED\n" ]

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[ "Anne Haverty\n\nAnne Haverty (born 1959) is an Irish novelist and poet. ", "Haverty was educated at Trinity College Dublin and the Sorbonne and in 1992 won a scholarship to the European Film School at Ebeltoft in Denmark. ", "Among Haverty's novels, One Day as a Tiger won the Rooney Prize for Irish Literature in 1997.", "\n\nBiography\nAnne Haverty was born in Holycross, County Tipperary in 1959. ", "Haverty was short-listed for the Whitbread (Costa). ", "The Far Side of a Kiss was long-listed for the Booker. ", "A poetry collection, The Beauty Of The Moon, was a Poetry Book Society Recommendation.", "\n\nHaverty's biography Constance Markievicz: An Independent Life was first published in 1989 and re-issued in a revised edition as Constance Markievicz: Irish Revolutionary in 2016.", "\n\nShe co-directed (with Frank Stapleton) the documentary The Whole World In His Hands, which won a special award at the Celtic Film Festival, and has written film and radio scripts including an adaptation of The Real Charlotte. ", "Haverty is a frequent contributor to The Irish Times and has written for many publications including the TLS, the Daily Telegraph and the Sunday Independent. ", "\nHer work has appeared in several anthologies and has been translated into languages including German, Spanish, Portuguese and Armenian. ", "She has read and lectured widely in Ireland and internationally. ", "She was a member of the Literature Express (2000), was Visiting Professor at the Adam Mickievicz University in Poznan in 2005 and Writer In Residence at Trinity College Dublin (2007).", "\n\nHaverty was educated at Trinity College Dublin and The Sorbonne, winning an under-21 short story competition at Listowel Writers Week. ", "In 1992 she got a scholarship to the European Film College in Ebeltoft, Denmark.", "\n\nA member of Aosdána, she was married to fellow author Anthony Cronin, and lives in Dublin.", "\n\nNon-fiction\nAn Independent Life a biography of Constance Markievicz (1989 & 2016) \nElegant Times: A Dublin Story (1995) the story of Brown Thomas and Switzers department stores.", "\n\nNovels\nOne Day as a Tiger (1997)\nThe Far Side of a Kiss (2000)\nThe Free and Easy (2006)\n\nTranslations\nEin Tag Als Tiger (2002)\nTigre por un día (1998)\n\nPoetry collections\nThe Beauty of the Moon (1999)\nA Break In The Journey (2018)\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \n\nCategory:20th-century women writers\nCategory:21st-century women writers\nCategory:Living people\nCategory:1959 births\nCategory:People from County Tipperary\nCategory:Irish women novelists\nCategory:Alumni of Trinity College Dublin\nCategory:University of Paris alumni\nCategory:Aosdána members\nCategory:Irish women poets\nCategory:Irish women screenwriters\nCategory:People from Dublin (city)\nCategory:20th-century Irish novelists\nCategory:20th-century Irish poets\nCategory:21st-century Irish novelists\nCategory:Irish cinematographers\nCategory:Women cinematographers" ]

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[ "Acid exposure and altered acid clearance in GERD patients treated for Helicobacter pylori infection.", "\nAfter the eradication of Helicobacter pylori, an increased incidence of gastroesophageal reflux disease and acid gastric secretion have been reported. ", "To evaluate the effect of Helicobacter pylori-eradication on proximal and distal gastroesophageal reflux and acid clearance in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. ", "Sixty-eight gastroesophageal reflux disease patients (age range 18-61 years) were studied by upper endoscopy. ", "All underwent esophageal manometry and dual probe 24-h pH-metry. ", "Percent of time at pH<4 was significantly increased in the proximal esophagus of Helicobacter pylori-eradicated patients compared to Helicobacter pylori-negative (2.4+/-0.5 vs. 1.0+/-0.2; p<0.01); no differences were found in the distal esophagus (14.0+/-3.7 vs. 9.0+/-1.4%, NS). ", "The total number of reflux episodes was significantly higher in the proximal oesophagus of Helicobacter pylori-eradicated patients (37+/-3 vs. 22+/-3, p<0.05). ", "In the distal esophagus, acid clearance was significantly longer, both during total time (1.4+/-0.2 vs. 0.8+/-0.7 min, p<0.01), and in the supine period (8.5+/-2.7 vs. 2.7+/-0.4 min, p<0.05). ", "No differences were reported in the manometric parameters of the two groups of patients. ", "In patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease, Helicobacter pylori eradication is associated with increased acid exposure of the proximal esophagus and delayed distal acid clearance." ]

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[ "Investing in youth pays dividends, evidence from Sri Lanka shows\n\n9 July 2014\n\nAuthor: UNFPA\n\nAnoka Abeyrante, a young environmentalist and lawyer, speaks about transforming Sri Lanka's ecology during the launch of \"Generation Youth.\" ", "Photo credit: UNFPA\n\nCOLOMBO, Sri Lanka – Young people hold the keys to the future; unlocking their potential will lead to a better world for everyone. ", "These facts are supported by mounting evidence from Sri Lanka, where UNFPA has worked with policymakers and other partners to support and empower youth.", "\n\nThe report, co-authored by the Colombo-based Institute of Policy Studies and the UNFPA office in Sri Lanka, showed that investments in health and education have generated benefits for youth, and that further investments are needed to consolidate these gains.", "\n\nSince the 1970s, UNFPA has worked with partners, including policymakers, in Sri Lanka to improve the quality of maternal and newborn care, increase access to sexual and reproductive health services, and promote education and programmes for youth.", "\n\n“Sustained and increased investments in sexual and reproductive health services [have] tremendous benefits to women, families and societies,” the report indicates. ", "These services have helped bring about one of the lowest maternal mortality rates in South Asia, with 38.6 deaths per 100,000 live births, according to the publication.", "\n\nSuch interventions do not simply save lives – they also contribute to families’ overall well-being, which can lead to a host of other benefits.", "\n\nThe country has also benefitted from increased investments in education, with a “significant increase in [the] number of teachers in government schools” taking place between 2007 and 2012.", "\n\nThe enrolment rates in primary and junior secondary school have reached 95 per cent and 93 per cent respectively, the report says.", "\n\nSivagnanaselvan Dinesh receives a certificate of achievement from a senior education official in Jaffna District. ", "Photo credit: UNFPA/Triad\n\n“Life was not easy,” Sivagnanaselvan Dinesh told UNFPA. “", "We often sacrificed luxuries in food and clothing to stay afloat.” ", "Mr. Dinesh, who grew up in war-affected Jaffna, was interviewed as part of “Generation Youth: Yielding the Returns on Investments,” a publication showcasing the stories of young leaders in the country.", "\n\nMr. Dinesh is now a medical student, and he looks forward to giving back to his community when completes his training.", "\n\nWork remains\n\nStill, much work remains to be done.", "\n\nWhile health and family planning programmes are available around the country through a decentralized field health system, resources are often scarcer in districts that were affected by conflict and in poor, rural areas.", "\n\n“It has been estimated that raising female employment levels to that of male levels could have a direct impact on GDP… However, the latest available data and indicators reflect that gender equality in Sri Lanka is not as satisfactory as its achievements in other human development indicators,” according to the report.", "\n\nUltimately, the future of the country, and the world, rests on the fate of young people.", "\n\n“Youth are not demanding support,” said Ahmad Alhendawi, the UN Secretary-General’s Special Envoy on Youth, who attended the launch of the report. “", "They are asking for investments.”", "\n\nPages\n\nPublicaciones relacionadas\n\nThis report provides key messages on the relationship between population dynamics and sustainable development. ", "It was prepared in the lead-up to Rio+20, the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development,..." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nCreate menu for more sections\n\nI'm about to create a menu box which will have more sections for ex. (", "avatar pictures, coupons and more stuff) but i don't really know how do i can do that, i have taken a picture to show you what i'm saying ( http://prntscr.com/3dodfw ). ", "The red marker is where i want the menu to be so when i will choose a section in the combo box the items in the menu to be changed. ", "If somebody can explain me or show me how i can do that i will appreciate it very much.", "\n\nA:\n\nIn the red area you can add a JPanel with CardLyout and put your different \"stuff\" on different cards. ", "See How to Use CardLayout. ", "To switch between the cards add an ActionListener or ItemListener to your JComboBox. ", "See Handling Events on a Combo Box.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nStrings are not getting concatenated properly\n\ni have below code where string dont get concatenated\nstring postCode = \"1245\";\nstring city = \"Stockholm\";\nstring postCodeAndCity = postCode ?? \" \" ", "+ \" \" + city ?? \" \";", "\n\nI get output as 1245. ", "Not sure why it excludes city.", "\nBut this line works\nstring.", "Concat(postCode??\" \", \" \", ", "city?? \" \");", "\n\nso why the first approach dont work?", "\n\nA:\n\nThe ?? ", "operator associates like this:\nstring postCodeAndCity = postCode ?? (\" \" ", "+ \" \" + city ?? (\" \"));", "\n\nSo if postCode is not null, it just takes postCode. ", "If postCode is null, then it takes (\" \" + \" \" + city ?? (\" \")).", "\nYou can see this from the precedence table, where ?? ", "has lower precedence than +. ", "Therefore + binds more tightly than ??, ", "i.e. a ?? ", "b + c binds as a ?? (", "b + c), not as (a ?? ", "b) + c.\nHowever, in:\nstring.", "Concat(postCode??\" \", \" \", ", "city?? \" \");", "\n\nThe commas of course have higher precedence than the ??. ", "The equivalent using + would be:\n(postCode ?? \" \") ", "+ \" \" + (city ?? \" \");", "\n\nI suspect what you might want to do is:\n\nIf both postCode and city are not null, take both with a space between them.", "\nIf one is null but the other isn't, take the non-null one.", "\nIf both are null, take an empty string.", "\n\nYou can write this long-hand:\nif (postCode !", "= null)\n{\n if (city !", "= null)\n return postCode + \" \" + city;\n else\n return city;\n}\nelse\n{\n if (postCode !", "= null)\n return postCode;\n else\n return \"\";\n}\n\nYou can write this a bit shorter (although slightly more expensively) with:\nstring.", "Join(\" \", new[] { postCode, city }.Where(x => x !", "= null));\n\n" ]

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[ "Rajas\n\nRajas\n\nThe word \"rajas\" just means \"strips\" but in Mexican cooking it refers to strips of chiles. ", "The chiles are roasted, peeled, and cut into strips. ", "After that the recipe can vary but normally they are sautéed with onions, herbs and seasonings. ", "The cooked mixture is used as a condiment with meats or as a vegetable side dish\n\nIn This Article\n\nVariations And Uses\n\nAs with all Mexican foods there are regional variations. ", "In Oaxaca the rajas are made with charred chile de agua chiles, lime, onion, salt and oregano then served with meats, stews and enfrigoladas. ", "In central Mexico they use the chile manzano, or the peron chile. (", "Diana Kennedy, Art of Mexican Cooking).", "\n\nRick Bayless shares several variations in his book Authentic Mexican. ", "One easy version uses poblanos, onions, cream, herbs and broth. ", "In his \"favorite\" recipe he combines roasted poblanos, onions, red bell peppers, garlic, broth and wine. ", "This is a contemporary version.", "\n\nrajas being sautéed with onions and seasonings\n\nIn addition to being used as a side dish, rajas are even used in tamales and tacos. ", "This simple dish can be made ahead of time (the dish improves after it sits awhile).", "\n\nBasic Chile Poblano Rajas\n\nYou can use different peppers or seasonings but this is a good basic recipe, by Rick Bayless." ]

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[ "2017年春の発売が予想されるAppleの新しい「iPad」は、ホームボタンを廃し、ほぼベゼルレスになる可能性があると、Macお宝鑑定団のブログが報じている。", "\n\nMacお宝鑑定団は以前、Appleが2017年に3種の新型iPadを発表する計画だと報じており、他の複数のアナリストもこのうわさを裏付ける発言をしている。これらの予想で一致しているのは、iPadが9.7インチモデル、12.9インチモデル、および10.9インチ（または10.5インチ）モデルの3サイズになるという点だ。アナリストたちはさらに、iPadが今後ベゼルレスになるとみている。ベゼルレスはデバイスメーカーの間で流行しているようだ。", "\n\n次世代iPadは縁がほとんどなく、前面の「FaceTime」カメラがある細長い部分以外はフルスクリーンになる可能性がある。すなわち、ホームボタンはなくなるということだ。", "\n\nMacお宝鑑定団の匿名の情報筋はさらに、新しい10.9インチモデルは現行の9.7インチ「iPad Pro」と同じ大きさになり、このサイズとしては少し大きな画面になる可能性があると述べている。また10.9インチモデルが「iPad Air」や「iPad mini 2」と同じ厚さ7.5mmになり、新しい12.9インチモデルは現行モデルより0.3mm厚い7.2mmになるとも語ったという。これはおそらくバッテリその他のコンポーネントを格納するためだろう。", "\n\n報道では、新型iPadは2017年3月に発売されると予想されている。" ]

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[ "package com.enonic.xp.lib.content;\n\nimport org.junit.jupiter.api.", "Test;\nimport org.mockito.", "Mockito;\n\nimport com.enonic.xp.content.", "ContentPath;\nimport com.enonic.xp.content.", "Contents;\nimport com.enonic.xp.content.", "FindContentByParentParams;\nimport com.enonic.xp.content.", "FindContentByParentResult;\nimport com.enonic.xp.index.", "ChildOrder;\n\npublic class GetChildContentHandlerTest\n extends BaseContentHandlerTest\n{\n @Test\n public void testExample()\n {\n final Contents contents = TestDataFixtures.newContents( 2 );\n\n final FindContentByParentResult findResult =\n FindContentByParentResult.create().hits( contents.getSize() ).totalHits( 20 ).contents( contents ).build();\n Mockito.when( this.contentService.findByParent( Mockito.isA( FindContentByParentParams.class ) ) ).thenReturn( findResult );\n\n runScript( \"/lib/xp/examples/content/getChildren.js\" );\n }\n\n @Test\n public void getChildrenById()\n throws Exception\n {\n final Contents contents = TestDataFixtures.newContents( 3 );\n\n final FindContentByParentResult findResult =\n FindContentByParentResult.create().hits( contents.getSize() ).totalHits( 20 ).contents( contents ).build();\n Mockito.when( this.contentService.findByParent( Mockito.isA( FindContentByParentParams.class ) ) ).thenReturn( findResult );\n\n runFunction( \"/test/GetChildContentHandlerTest.js\", \"getChildrenById\" );\n }\n\n @Test\n public void getChildrenByPath()\n throws Exception\n {\n final Contents contents = TestDataFixtures.newContents( 3 );\n\n final FindContentByParentResult findResult =\n FindContentByParentResult.create().hits( contents.getSize() ).totalHits( 20 ).contents( contents ).build();\n Mockito.when( this.contentService.findByParent( Mockito.isA( FindContentByParentParams.class ) ) ).thenReturn( findResult );\n\n runFunction( \"/test/GetChildContentHandlerTest.js\", \"getChildrenByPath\" );\n }\n\n @Test\n public void getChildrenById_notFound()\n throws Exception\n {\n final FindContentByParentResult findResult =\n FindContentByParentResult.create().hits( 0 ).totalHits( 0 ).contents( Contents.empty() ).build();\n Mockito.when( this.contentService.findByParent( Mockito.isA( FindContentByParentParams.class ) ) ).thenReturn( findResult );\n\n runFunction( \"/test/GetChildContentHandlerTest.js\", \"getChildrenById_notFound\" );\n }\n\n @Test\n public void getChildrenByPath_notFound()\n throws Exception\n {\n final FindContentByParentResult findResult =\n FindContentByParentResult.create().hits( 0 ).totalHits( 0 ).contents( Contents.empty() ).build();\n Mockito.when( this.contentService.findByParent( Mockito.isA( FindContentByParentParams.class ) ) ).thenReturn( findResult );\n\n runFunction( \"/test/GetChildContentHandlerTest.js\", \"getChildrenByPath_notFound\" );\n }\n\n @Test\n public void getChildrenByPath_allParameters()\n throws Exception\n {\n final Contents contents = TestDataFixtures.newContents( 3 );\n\n final FindContentByParentResult findResult =\n FindContentByParentResult.create().hits( contents.getSize() ).totalHits( 20 ).contents( contents ).build();\n\n final FindContentByParentParams expectedFindParams = FindContentByParentParams.create().", "\n parentPath( ContentPath.from( \"/a/b/mycontent\" ) ).", "\n from( 5 ).", "\n size( 3 ).", "\n childOrder( ChildOrder.from( \"_modifiedTime ASC\" ) ).", "\n build();\n Mockito.when( this.contentService.findByParent( Mockito.eq( expectedFindParams ) ) ).thenReturn( findResult );\n\n runFunction( \"/test/GetChildContentHandlerTest.js\", \"getChildrenByPath_allParameters\" );\n }\n}\n" ]

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[ "Diagnosis of advanced fibrosis in HIV and hepatitis C virus-coinfected patients via a new noninvasive index: the HGM-3 index.", "\nNoninvasive tests are increasingly being used for the assessment of liver fibrosis. ", "We aimed to develop a serum index for the identification of advanced fibrosis (F>or=3) in HIV/hepatitis C virus (HCV)-coinfected patients. ", "We carried out a cross-sectional study on a group of 195 patients comprised of an estimation group (EG; n=127) and a validation group (VG; n=68) who all underwent liver biopsy and had not received previous interferon therapy. ", "Liver fibrosis was estimated using the METAVIR score. ", "We developed a new serum index (HGM-3) dependent on levels of platelets, alkaline phosphatase, hepatic growth factor, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 and hyaluronic acid. ", "In the EG, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC) of HGM-3 for identification of F>or=3 was 0.939 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.899, 0.979] which was significantly higher than the AUC-ROC of the HGM-2, FIB-4, aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio (APRI) and Forns' indexes. ", "With HGM-3 <0.135 for F<3, 57 patients were correctly identified and two patients were misclassified. ", "We found the presence of F<3 with 96.6% certainty. ", "The negative likelihood ratio (LR) was <0.1 and the diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) was >40. ", "With HGM-3 >0.570 in the EG for F>or=3, 31 patients were correctly identified, and five patients were misclassified. ", "We found the presence of F>or=3 with 86.1% certainty. ", "The positive LR was >12 and the DOR was >40. ", "For the VG, the diagnostic accuracy values were similar to the values for the EG. ", "HGM-3 appears to be an accurate noninvasive method for the diagnosis of bridging fibrosis and cirrhosis in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients." ]

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[ "Children at family risk of dyslexia: a follow-up in early adolescence.", "\nThis study is the follow-up in early adolescence of children born to families with a history of dyslexia (Gallagher, Frith, & Snowling, 2000). ", "Fifty young people with a family history of dyslexia and 20 young people from control families were assessed at 12-13 years on a battery of tests of literacy and language skills, and they completed questionnaires tapping self-perception and print exposure. ", "One parent from each family participated in an interview documenting family circumstances (including family literacy) and a range of environmental variables considered likely correlates of reading disability. ", "They also rated their child's behavioural and emotional adjustment and their own health and well-being. ", "Parental literacy levels were also measured. ", "Forty-two per cent of the 'at-risk' sample had reading and spelling impairments. ", "A significant proportion of the literacy-impaired group were affected by behavioural and emotional difficulties, although they were not low in terms of global self-esteem. ", "The children in the at-risk subgroup who did not fulfil criteria for literacy impairment showed weak orthographic skills in adolescence and their reading was not fluent. ", "There were no differences in the literacy levels or activities of the parents of impaired and unimpaired at-risk children, and no significant correlation between parent and child reading levels in the at-risk group. ", "The impaired group read less than the other groups, their reading difficulties impacted learning at school and there was evidence that they also had an impact on family life and maternal well-being. ", "The literacy difficulties of children at family-risk of dyslexia were longstanding and there was no evidence of catch-up in these skills between 8 and 13 years. ", "The findings point to the role of gene-environment correlation in the determination of dyslexia." ]

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[ "A group of daring masters of deception hacked into Bangladesh's central bank and used stolen credentials to transfer $81 million from the country's account at the New York Federal Reserve to the Philippines, then disappeared with the loot.", "\n\nThe heist occurred over a month ago but wasn't disclosed until last week. ", "On Tuesday, Bangladesh Bank Governor Atiur Rahman resigned amid ever-expanding fallout from the theft. ", "The federal reserve here has denied any responsibility, saying that the security breach happened on the South Asian nation's end.", "\n\nThe purse could have been much bigger—the thieves had initiated transfer requests for $950 million—had someone not misspelled a word in one request, causing intermediary Deutsche Bank to call Bangladesh to make sure the money movement was legit.", "\n\nThe heist was set in motion over a weekend in early February, when Bangladesh Bank was closed. ", "Hackers breached the bank's systems and stole payment transfer logins, then used the information to send nearly three dozen transfer requests to the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, seeking to send the nearly $1 billion to various entities in the Philippines and Sri Lanka.", "\n\n\n\nWe're not clear on how one withdraws $81 million from a bank of this size, but it probably helps when the security cameras are disabled. (", "Google Maps)\n\nFour of those requests went through, all to the Philippines, but a fifth, seeking $20 million for a Sri Lankan nonprofit called the Shalika Foundation, was flagged because whoever filled out the form misspelled \"foundation\" as \"fandation.\" (", "Reuters reports that there is no Shalika Foundation registered in Sri Lanka.) ", "The Federal Reserve, meanwhile, said that it flagged the transfers for Bangladesh due to the unusual number of transfers to private organizations, but apparently not in time to stop the haul from flowing out of a bank branch in the Philippines.", "\n\nThe money was consolidated into one account at the Philippines' RCBC bank, and on February 9th, four people went to a branch in Makati City, just outside of Manila, and withdrew the whole $81 million. ", "Conveniently, as a bank official told the Philippine senate on Monday, the bank's camera's were \"not functioning\" at the time. ", "Subsequent investigation revealed that the bank accounts had been opened using fake driver's licenses, and visits to the employers and addresses listed on the account documents showed those were also bogus.", "\n\nFrom there, the money made its way to a money changer, who sent $30 million in dollars and Philippine pesos to a Chinese man who runs junkets for big-money casino patrons, $29 million to an account of a nearby casino resort called Solaire, and $21 million to the account of a Philippine gambling company called Eastern Hawaii Leisure co. A spokesperson for Solaire's parent company told Reuters that the $29 million was transferred at the request of the junket operator, Weikang Xu, and exchanged for chips.", "\n\nTeofisto Guingona, head of the Philippines Senate anti-corruption committee said they have hit a wall at the casinos.", "\n\n\"The paper trail ends there. ", "That is the problem,\" he told the newswire service. \"", "Right now we are at a dead end.\"", "\n\nPresumably Xu has been a hard guy to track down.", "\n\nThe head of the money-changing company that helped convert the ill-gotten lucre to cash apologized and said she would give the commission for the job, the equivalent of $226,356, to Bangladesh.", "\n\nAn anti-money-laundering agency in the Philippines told the Philippine Senate it has frozen 44 accounts in connection with the investigation. ", "Silicon Valley tech companies are consulting on the probe." ]

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[ "// A launch configuration that compiles the extension and then opens it inside a new window\n// Use IntelliSense to learn about possible attributes.", "\n// Hover to view descriptions of existing attributes.", "\n// For more information, visit: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=830387\n{\n\t\"version\": \"0.2.0\",\n\t\"configurations\": [\n\t\t{\n\t\t\t\"name\": \"Run Extension\",\n\t\t\t\"type\": \"extensionHost\",\n\t\t\t\"request\": \"launch\",\n\t\t\t\"runtimeExecutable\": \"${execPath}\",\n\t\t\t\"args\": [\"--extensionDevelopmentPath=${workspaceFolder}\"],\n\t\t\t\"outFiles\": [\"${workspaceFolder}/out/**/*.js\"],\n\t\t\t\"preLaunchTask\": \"npm: watch\"\n\t\t},\n\t\t{\n\t\t\t\"name\": \"Run Extension Tests\",\n\t\t\t\"type\": \"extensionHost\",\n\t\t\t\"request\": \"launch\",\n\t\t\t\"runtimeExecutable\": \"${execPath}\",\n\t\t\t\"args\": [\n\t\t\t\t\"--extensionDevelopmentPath=${workspaceFolder}\",\n\t\t\t\t\"--extensionTestsPath=${workspaceFolder}/out/test/suite/index\"\n\t\t\t],\n\t\t\t\"outFiles\": [\"${workspaceFolder}/out/test/**/*.js\"],\n\t\t\t\"preLaunchTask\": \"npm: watch\"\n\t\t}\n\t]\n}\n" ]

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[ "Canon Camera\n\nWhen looking at the Canon House what is the difference between fd and ef?", "\n\nI am new to Digital Slr cameras and am looking to get a goal zoom .. I have a Canon Eos rebel xt. ", "I have been looking on ebay and am not sure what would work w / my camera.", "\n\nFor starters, the lens products FD will not work on any EOS camera. ", "All work on the EF-S EOS cameras, EF lenses only work on APS-C sensored DSLR …. ", "If you own an EOS 35mm SLR or a 5D or 1D digital SLR, the EF-S lenses can damage the mirror" ]

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[ "Pravithanam PM Devasia\n\nPravithanam PM Devasia was a Malayalam poet. ", "He penned five Christian Mahakavyam. ", "His best known works are Israel Vamsam and Rajakkanmar. ", "He was a teacher by profession. ", "He led a very austere life and received many accolades for his work. ", "He died at the age of 93.", "\n\nSee also\n\nPalai\n\nReferences\n http://www.palai.com/literature.htm\n\nCategory:Year of death missing\nCategory:Malayalam poets\nCategory:Year of birth missing\nCategory:People from Pala, Kerala\nCategory:Indian male poets\nCategory:Poets from Kerala" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nDocumentation for 'if exist *.ext'\n\nApropos the accepted answer to Test failure of DOS del D:\\folder\\*.ext , where is the official documentation saying that if exist FileName can accept a wildcard in FileName?", "\n\nA:\n\nI doubt any official documentation exists, though I cannot prove a negative. ", "I certainly have never seen any official documentation stating IF EXIST supports wildcards in file names (but not folder paths)\nThere is probably some documentation for an underlying system call that explains the rules, but probably nothing that states IF EXIST uses the system call.", "\nBut this situation is the norm for anything related to batch programming. ", "One of the reasons cmd.exe / batch has such a poor reputation is that it is so poorly documented. ", "Many commands have multiple undocumented features/behaviors that experienced batch developers have discovered and shared over time.", "\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

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[ "Training for an academic career in neonatal medicine.", "\nThe rapid evolution of the subspecialty of neonatology, biologic sciences, and health care delivery provide a myriad of career opportunities. ", "The expected complexity of a academic career in neonatal medicine in the 21st century will require training in patient care, basic and clinical sciences, and teaching and an understanding of local and national issues that have impact on care of newborns. ", "The training of skilled neonatal health care workers and health of our infants will depend on the preparation of neonatologists who will provide clinical care and training and generate new knowledge related to the care of newborn infants and their families." ]

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[ "Cassis cornuta\n\nCassis cornuta, common name the horned helmet, is a species of extremely large sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Cassidae, the helmet shells and their allies.", "\n\nDescription\nThe length of the shell varies between 50 mm and 410 mm. ", "It is the largest of all helmet shells. ", "It has a very solid, heavy, rotund shell with large, horn-like knobs and a wide, flat base. ", "The shell has a dorsally pale orange colour, its base vivid orange, faintly marked with white and brown.", "\n\nHabitat\nThis large sea snail is found on sand and coral rubble, often around reefs.", "\n\nDistribution\nThis species occurs in the Red Sea, the Indian Ocean, off the southern African coast from northern KwaZulu-Natal and from Mozambique, as well as in the Pacific Ocean.", "\n\nRelevance to humans\nThe shell of Cassis cornuta is a very popular collector's item. ", "In some places the snail is hunted for meat and is traditionally roasted in the shell over fire. ", " Because of both of these factors, humans are a major enemy, and the species is now at risk in many places. ", "However, worldwide it is not listed in the Red List. ", "Because this snail hunts the crown-of-thorns starfish, which feed on corals, Cassis cornuta has been put under strict protection in Queensland.", "\n\nReferences\n\n Rippingale, O.H. & McMichael, D.F., 1961. ", "Queensland and Great Barrier Reef Shells. ", "Jacaranda Press, Brisbane. ", "210 pp.", "\n Abbott, R.T., 1968 [31/Dec/1968]. ", "The helmet shells of the world (Cassidae). ", "Part 1. ", "Indo-Pacific Mollusca, 2(9):7-198.", "\n Wilson, B. R. & Gillet, K., 1971. ", "Australian Shells. ", "A. H. & A. W. Reed, Sydney\n Salvat, B. & Rives, C., 1975. ", "Coquillages de Polynésie. ", "les editions du pacifique, Papeete - Tahiti. ", "1-391.", "\n Kay, E.A., 1979. ", "Hawaiian marine shells. [", "Reef and shore fauna of Hawaii, Section 4: Mollusca. ", "Bernice P. Bishop Museum Special Publication 64(4)]. ", "Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu. ", "xvii + 653 pp.", "\n Wilson, B., 1993. ", "Australian Marine Shells. ", "Prosobranch Gastropods. ", "Odyssey Publishing, Kallaroo, WA.", "\n Kreipl, K., 1997. ", "Recent Cassidae. ", "Verlag Christa Hemman, Weisbaden. ", "1-151, pls 1-24.", "\n\nExternal links\n \n \n\nCategory:Cassidae\nCategory:Gastropods described in 1758\nCategory:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nSaving Wireshark capture settings for future use\n\nIs there any way to save Wireshark capture options? ", "So it can be reuse after restart Wireshark. ", "Also, if the saved file is in plain text, it's possible to use scripts generating bunch of capture settings, such with different filter setting. ", "Does anyone know? ", "Thanks.", "\n\nA:\n\nUsing Wireshark 1.2 I would just recommend making .BAT file scripts that do your job for you. ", " It's a good way of saving your settings:\n:: Script to save a wireshark trace\n:: tshark -D to get interface id\n@echo off\nC:\ncd C:\\Temp\\NetTracing\nset PATH=%PATH%;C:\\Program Files\\Wireshark\necho Tracing host 127.1 or 172.1.1.1 or 10.0.0.1\n\ntshark.exe -i 4 -a duration:900 -S -f \"tcp and host 127.1 or 172.1.1.1 or 10.0.0.1\" -w trace.cap\n\n:: rename the trace with todays timestamp\nset tdtd=none\nset ttrn=none\nset arg=\"%1\"\nfor /F \"tokens=2-4 delims=/ \" %%i in ('date /t') do set tdtd=%%i%%j%%k\nfor /F \"tokens=5-8 delims=:. \" %%", "i in ('echo.^| time ^| find \"current\" ') do set ttrn=%%i%%j%%k%%l\nset tufn=\"trace_%tdtd%%ttrn%.cap\"\n\n:: now archive the file\ncopy trace.cap %tufn%\ndel trace.cap\necho %tufn% > trace.log\necho Trace file %tufn% saved at %CD%\nping localhost -n 30 >nul\n\n" ]

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[ "Q:\n\npython flask hosting in AWS ubuntu(EC2)\n\nI have followed this tutorial to run flask application using apache2 server. ", "But after I followed its instructions and when opened the {publicDNS}/flaskapp page not found error occurred. ", "How can i solve this problem.", "\nThank You.", "\n\nA:\n\nIt takes sometime to configure the server. ", "You have to restart it and see the public DNS\n\n" ]

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[ "LHF Old Tom is a condensed vintage style originally inspired by a late 1800's \"French Condensed\" sign painter's style. ", "Complete set consists of 6 fonts, including 3D block shadows and highlights. ", "You might also like: Colonial Roman & Bootcut." ]

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[ "Ryan Holeywell | @RyanHoleywell | April 25, 2016\n\nLakewood Church in Houston is considered the largest megachurch in the country. ", "Image via flickr/aJ Gazmen. ", "Lakewood Church in Houston is considered the largest megachurch in the country. ", "Image via flickr/aJ Gazmen.", "\n\nHouston – by any account – can reasonably be considered the megachurch capital of the country.", "\n\nThe city has 37 megachurches, according to an analysis of data compiled by the Hartford Institute for Religious Research.", "\n\nThat's way more than any other city. ", "Combined, those churches have an average weekly attendance of more than 640,000, or roughly the population of Nashville, according to that database.", "\n\nMoreover, Houston's home to the country’s biggest, and perhaps best known megachurch: Lakewood Church, which welcomes 43,500 congregants each week to a facility that once served as home of the NBA’s Houston Rockets.", "\n\nAnd yet, despite Houston’s well-known association with the biggest and most well-known churches in the nation, fewer residents than ever before are attending religious services regularly.", "\n\nThis year, only 45 percent of Houston-area residents polled in the Kinder Houston Area Survey said they attended a religious service (other than a wedding or a funeral) in the last month.", "\n\nThat marked a major milestone for the region: for the first time in the survey's 35 year history, the majority of Houstonians aren't attending religious services regularly.", "\n\nArticle continues below graph.", "\n\nYet Houston's not alone, and in fact, its patterns mirror national trends.", "\n\nRegular religious service attendance in Houston has been on a steady decline since 2009, when 64 percent of Houston-area residents said they had attended services in the last month.", "\n\nNationally, a similar decline is also occurring -- but the steady, downward progression began earlier, around 1998, according to Gallup survey data. ", "That year, 62 percent of Americans said they attended church or synagogue at least once per month. ", "By 2015, the figure had fallen to 47 percent.", "\n\n(It's worth noting that the question wording differs between the Houston and national polls -- see chart above -- but it's useful nonetheless for putting Houston data in a national context).", "\n\nExperts widely attribute this trend to several factors, including shifting preference of Millennials and a rise in the number of people who identify with no religion. ", "Today, for example, 18 percent of Houstonians don’t identify with any religion. ", "That’s a record high, and three times the rate it was in 1982.", "\n\nAgain, a similar pattern is unfolding nationally, with an increasing rate of Americans saying they aren't affiliated with a specific religion. ", "From 2007 to 2014, the percent of Americans who identified as atheist, agnostic, or \"nothing in particular\" rose from 16.1 percent to 22.8 percent, according to Pew data. ", "That makes them a huge portion of the population, roughly equivalent in size to the evangelical population and larger than both the Catholic and mainline Protestant populations.", "\n\nAnd with each generation, the percentage of Americans who call themselves Christians is declining. ", "As of 2014, roughly 56 percent of U.S. Millennials labeled themselves Christians.", "\n\nBut there's an interesting footnote to the story: even though a declining portion of Americans are attending religious service and calling themselves Christian, there doesn't seem to be a dip in \"spirituality.\"", "\n\nFifty-three percent of Americans called religion \"very important\" in their lives in 2014, down just 3 points from 2007, according to the Pew survey.", "\n\nThe figures were similar in Houston. \"", "The rise of the 'nones' does not mean that religious or spiritual sensitivities are disappearing from the Houston scene,\" according to the Kinder Houston Area Survey's newly-released report. \"", "Six out of 10 (59 percent) of all area residents in 2016 said that religion is 'very important in my life,' a number that has remained unchanged across the 35 years of this research.\"" ]

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[ "Cricket: Fractured finger raises fears about Fraser: Tourists' preparations for the first Test against West Indies dealt a blow by injury to another bowler as Caddick rests sore shins\n\nTHE ear-jarring backcloth of banging, hammering and drilling throughout England's drawn match with Barbados has provided a constant reminder that the Kensington Oval is not yet ready to stage a Test match, a situation that, sadly, also applies to the England cricket team.", "\n\nIf there is a difference, it is that the ground has until April to build its new stand. ", "Mike Atherton's tourists have less than a week before the first Test in Jamaica to sort out problems that include a runless middle order batting line-up, and injuries to Angus Fraser and Andrew Caddick that would seriously diminish their competitiveness should they be ruled out of the first Test, starting at Sabina Park on Saturday.", "\n\nWith Caddick already doubtful because of sore shins, the last thing England needed over the weekend was for Fraser to get himself damaged. ", "However, the projected linchpin of England's Test attack was hit on the hand while batting by the Barbados fast bowler Vasbert Drakes on Saturday, and X-rays have shown up two fractures below the index finger knuckle on his left hand.", "\n\nThe good news, if such it can be called, is that they are small hairline cracks, and although Fraser - as is Caddick - is definitely out of the first one-day international here on Wednesday, there is still a modicum of optimism in the camp about him taking the field in the Test.", "\n\nDave Roberts, the physiotherpist who is at short odds to be the most quoted member of the England party on this tour, said yesterday: 'The fractures are small, away from the joint, and stable. ", "Hopefully, the healing process will be fast enough for Gus to play on Saturday, but that's up to the player and the management. ", "I will, of course, be giving my own opinion when the time comes.'", "\n\nRather less good news, however, is Roberts's admission that another bang on the hand during the Test could rule Fraser out for a considerably longer period of time ('three to four weeks, I'd say') and the inevitable process against this opposition of having a less than fully fit squad to pick from has begun even before England have faced their first West Indian Test bowler.", "\n\nFraser will have further X-rays on Wednesday, while Caddick will have a practice bowl in the nets before the first one-dayer. ", "England have not considered sending for a bowling replacement, and if their guarded optimism proves unfounded, it will certainly mean an early release from the doghouse for Chris Lewis.", "\n\nIf Fraser does play, he will have to take the field with a hefty amount of protection around his damaged hand, although there are precedents for this, notably when Malcolm Marshall both bowled and batted (one-handed) against England when he broke his left wrist in the 1984 Test at Headingley. ", "The fact that his hand was encased in plaster did not seem much of a handicap to Marshall, who took a then career-best 7 for 53.", "\n\nFraser said yesterday that he did not think that the injury would affect his bowling, 'just my batting and fielding'. ", "However, as Fraser's fielding in this game was close to a contravention of the Trades Description Act, one shudders to think of him lumbering around with a disabled sticker, and England do not often have much success against the West Indies with 11 batsmen, never mind 10.", "\n\nNeither was it particularly reassuring to see Devon Malcolm, for all his seven-wicket success in the first innings, bowling yesterday as though he had hairline fractures in both legs - listless, and more or less going through the motions. ", "Despite another England batting collapse on Saturday, there was no prospect of a result when Barbados resumed with a first-innings lead of 46, although Phil Tufnell was again impressive enough to suggest England should not succumb to the temptation to go into the Test without him.", "\n\nAlec Stewart kept wicket in preparation for his one-day role in Wednesday's match, while Jack Russell took one of his more unusual catches, a skier, without the gloves, at mid-on. ", "After Barbados' academic tea-time declaration, Mike Atherton did not feel the need for further batting practice after his near six-hour century, which, laudable though his decision was, came as much of a relief to the spectators as the bowlers." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nValidate file extensions and file size on Drupal 7 file field using the form API\n\nI am using Drupal 7 and have a custom module that creates a form that has a file upload field:\n$form['resume_file'] = array(\n '#type' => 'file',\n '#title' => t('Resume Upload'), \n);\n\nI need to make sure the file extensions are one of the following: doc, docx, pdf, txt and rtf and that the file size is no larger than 2MB \nI am not finding a clear way in the docs to accomplish this. ", "I saw one place that said use this:\n$form['resume_file'] = array(\n '#type' => 'file',\n '#title' => t('Resume Upload'),\n '#upload_validators' => array(\"file_validate_extensions\" => array(\"doc docx pdf txt rtf\")),\n);\n\nbut that didn't do anything as far as blocking the wrong filetype and giving an error message. ", "Do I need to do something else like have something extra in my hook_form_validate() function?", "\nI also saw this:\n$form['resume_file'] = array(\n '#type' => 'file',\n '#title' => t('Resume Upload'),\n);\n\n$form['resume_file']['#upload_validators']['file_validate_extensions'][0] = 'doc docx pdf txt rtf'; \n\nWhich also did not do anything. ", "How do I validate for file size and extensions?", "\n\nA:\n\nIt should work actually. ", "We just need to mention file_validate_extensions & file_validate_size under upload_validators.", "\nExample:\n'#upload_validators' => array(\n 'file_validate_extensions' => array('gif png jpg jpeg'),\n 'file_validate_size' => array(MAX_FILE_SIZE*1024*1024),\n ),\n\nA:\n\nThe file upload control in form api in druapl 7 with extension and size validation \n'resume'=>array(\n '#type' => \"managed_file\",\n '#title' => t(\"Upload Resume in Word Format\"),\n '#descripion' => t(\"Only doc or docx format Files are allowed.\"),", "\n '#upload_location' => \"public://resume/\",\n \"#upload_validators\" => array(\"file_validate_extensions\" => array(\"doc docx\")),\n '#required'=>TRUE,\n\n),\n\n" ]

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[ "Jack Antonoff Says Taylor Swift Songs On '1989' Were \"Perfect\" So Here Are 7 Reasons They Need To Team Up Again\n\nAsk any Taylor Swift fan what their favorite song on 1989 is, and you'll be hard-pressed to find a definitive answer; most responses to the question tend to be of the \"I love 'Clean!' ", "No wait, 'Bad Blood!' ", "Oh actually, 'Wildest Dreams' is totally the best\" variety — in other words, every song on that album is a winner. ", "And it's thanks in large part to Bleachers' Jack Antonoff, who worked with Taylor Swift on three 1989 tracks, including \"Out of the Woods.\" ", "The collaboration makes sense: both artists are talented songwriters and have a lot in common, including a bond with Lena Dunham — but what was it like when they actually teamed up? ", "According to Antonoff, it was pretty much a dream come true.", "\n\n\"I loved working with her,\" he says in an interview with Bustle, speaking to promote his new docuseries, Thank You And Sorry. ", "Adds the singer, \"it’s pretty rare that you work with someone and when it’s all done, you’re just like, 'well that was perfect,' and that how it was with our experience.\"", "\n\nAll together now: awww. ", "It's great to hear that Antonoff and Swift got along so well, although it's not much of a surprise; as said before, the two share a lot of similarities, from their music tastes to their friendships to their ownership love of small, adorably-named animals. ", "And in the past, both artists have talked about how much they respect one another's work, with Antonoff telling The Daily Beast that he believes Swift is \"doing the most important thing that an artist can do,\" and Swift expressing her excitement that Antonoff was able to catch one of her recent 1989 live shows. ", "Clearly, the duo are meant to work together — but if for some reason they're not convinced that their 1989 collab is destined to be repeated, here are seven reasons Antonoff and Swift should team up once more:\n\n1. ", "Their Songs Were Some Of The Album's Best\n\nLook, I know I said that no one can really pick a best song off 1989, but the ones the duo collaborated on have gotta be up there. ", "Together, Antonoff and Swift wrote \"Out of the Woods\" and \"I Wish You Would,\" along with the bonus track \"You Are In Love.\" ", "All three are fantastic songs, and in my mind, at least, some of the album's very best. ", "It'd be a mistake not to replicate this formula next time around.", "\n\n2. ", "Jack Is A Huge Feminist\n\nAntonoff has made clear many times that he's a huge fan of feminism with his work on songs like Sara Bareilles' \"Brave\" and his support for activists like Emma Sulkowicz (above) showing how committed he is to supporting women. ", "Swift, of course, is a feminist herself, and combining their two views would likely mean plenty of songs that celebrate women and spread feminist beliefs.", "\n\n3. ", "It'd Mean More Lena-Taylor Bonding\n\nAll of Swift's friendships seem great, but her bond with Lena Dunham is particularly amazing. ", "The singer has spoken about how much she's learned from the Girls creator, and how important their friendship is to her. ", "Considering that Dunham is Antonoff's girlfriend, more collabs between Swift and Antonoff would mean more Dunham in Swift's life — and that's something we can all support.", "\n\n4. ", "It'd Make Him A Bigger Star\n\nMichael Loccisano/Getty Images Entertainment/Getty Images\n\nAntonoff's career is going incredibly well right now, thanks to his success with Bleachers and the single \"I Wanna Get Better.\" ", "He's not quite a household name just yet, though, but working again with Swift would certainly help get him more notice.", "\n\n5. ", "They Need To Make More Romantic Songs\n\nBecause we can't all use \"You Are In Love\" at our weddings, can we?", "\n\n6. ", "It'd Mean More Cool Behind-The-Scenes Pics\n\nIt's always cool to see your favorite artists at work creating what's undoubtedly going to be your favorite albums, and if Antonoff and Swift collaborating again means more cool photos like this, then we're all for it.", "\n\n4. ", "They Seemed Like They Had A Ton Of Fun Together\n\nLike, best-day-ever level fun, complete with cute photos and plenty of bonding. ", "Why wouldn't they want to make that happen again?", "\n\nSo when Swift starts figuring out what's the deal with her next album, let's hope she decides to give Antonoff a call, as the two make a perfect pair. ", "And if she doesn't? ", "Well, fans will just have to collectively play \"I Wish You Would,\" and hope the singer gets the message loud and clear." ]

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[ "ArmA 3 UI Execution Exploit – In Detail\n\nAuthor: Lystic\n\nEDIT: The latest patch (0.66) has fixed these issues. ", "This post should now be used to learn how to better prevent these forms of exploits from appearing in your missions and mods.", "\n\nNow that BI has fixed the issue in its latest Dev Patch I wanted to go over, in detail, how this method works, and how we all can work to prevent these types of flaws from happening again." ]

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[ "SEOUL -- The presidents of South Korea and China agreed on Monday to cooperate to defuse tensions on the Korean Peninsula, as Pyongyang threatens provocations ahead of its self-imposed year-end deadline for sanctions relief.", "\n\nSouth Korean President Moon Jae-in had lunch with his Chinese counterpart, Xi Jinping, in Beijing on a stopover in the Chinese capital. ", "Moon will travel to the southern Chinese city of Chengdu later Monday for a trilateral summit with Chinese Premier Li Keqiang and Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe on Tuesday.", "\n\n\"It is never good for North Korea, as well as for other countries, that the North-U. S. talks stop and tensions rise on the Korean Peninsula,\" Moon said in his opening remarks. \"", "I hope that we can cooperate more closely to make this rare chance [to lessen tension] a reality.\"", "\n\nXi said China and South Korea should pursue peace and prosperity in the region. \"", "We agree on many things, such as improving our bilateral relations and promoting peace, security and prosperity in the region. ", "We also defend multilateralism and free trade,\" he said.", "\n\nThe meeting comes one day after North Korea's state media reported that leader Kim Jong Un hosted a high-level military meeting. ", "Pyongyang has set a year-end deadline for the U.S. to come up with an offer to ease sanctions, warning that it will send a \"Christmas gift\" to Washington if it does not.", "\n\nLeif-Eric Easley, associate professor of international studies at Ewha Womans University in Seoul, said North Korea will calibrate any military provocations so they do not offend China.", "\n\n\"Pyongyang can instead seek headlines with a high-level Workers Party meeting ahead of Kim's New Year announcements,\" Easley said. \"", "So we can expect more rhetoric and preparation before a major launch.\"", "\n\nXi and Moon reaffirmed the friendship between their two countries, although Moon acknowledged that relations have soured in recent years. ", "Xi said that South Korea is China's friend and partner, while Moon mentioned that they share long history and culture.", "\n\nMoon also mentioned that China and South Korea can also cooperate in third countries on the Belt and Road Initiative, Xi's drive to connect Asia and Europe. ", "South Korea has new Southern and Northern policies aimed at strengthening Seoul's ties with Southeast and Central Asian countries." ]

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[ "Indonesian President Joko Widodo urged calm early on Saturday as widespread protest in Jakarta gave way to rioting. ", "One person was killed and seven injured as the demonstration turned into gangs of hardline Muslims attacking police officers and setting fire to cars near the presidential palace.", "\n\n\"People should have been dispersed but it ended up in chaos,\" said Widodo, \"I ask the protesters to go home, and let law enforcement do their job in a fair way.\"", "\n\n50,000 people gathered in the capital to march against its governor Basuki Tjahaja Purnama. ", "Purnama is part of the Indonesia's Christian minority, and has been accused of insulting the Koran after he told opponents to cease using the text to criticize him ahead of new elections in February.", "\n\nWidodo: Politicians taking advantage of unrest\n\nPurnama, a staunch Widodo ally, has apologized for causing any offense, but Muslim rivals have capitalized on the opportunity to sow opposition to his leadership. ", "Some have called for his removal under Indonesia's strict blasphemy laws, while more militant figures on the political fringes have even called for his death.", "\n\nSome 18,000 security forces were deployed across Jakarta on Friday to maintain control over the crowd, but as night fell the peaceful rally descended into violence. ", "As protestors began throwing stones and hurling bottles at police, officers responded with tear gas and water cannons.", "\n\nIt took hours to subdue the rioting as demonstrators dispersed from downtown into parts of impoverished northern Jakarta. ", "At least one man died in the chaos, though authorities said the man was elderly and they had not yet confirmed the cause of death.", "\n\nEarlier this week, President Widodo had met with political and religious leaders as he looked for a solution to the religious unrest. ", "This was complicated by predecessor Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono supporting the rally on national television, prompting Widodo to decry how \"political actors have taken advantage of the situation.\"", "\n\nA fierce crusader against corruption, Purnama is seeking a second term as Jakarta's governor – a position once held by Widodo. ", "But he has earned plenty of enemies as his plans for urban renewal have evicted thousands from the city's slums.", "\n\nes/kl (AP, AFP)" ]

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[ "Propionate-regulated high-yield protein production in Escherichia coli.", "\nA new expression system containing the Salmonella enterica prpBCDE promoter (P(prpB)) responsible for expression of the propionate catabolic genes (prp BCDE) and prpR encoding the positive regulator of this promoter has been developed and tested. ", "The main features of the expression system compared to those based on the bacteriophage T7 promoter are low background expression and high induced expression in Escherichia coli strains BL21, BL21(DE3), MG1655, and W3110. ", "In addition, propionate is an inexpensive, simple-to-use, nontoxic inducer that is attractive for large-scale protein production. ", "Hence, this new system is highly complementary to the widely used T7 promoter-driven expression systems." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nCan I use the Microsoft Band SDK without a Phone or Windows 8.1 Professional?", "\n\nI want to create a simple Windows 8.1 app (in VS 2013 Community) to read streaming sensor data from my Band. ", "I can't use the Band SDK with my phone (Sony Xperia with Android 5.1.1) because I'm barred (by Google) from installing the Health app. ", "I can't use the Windows Phone emulator in the SDK because it depends on Windows 8.1 Professional. ", "If I try to build for the Device option with the SDK I get errors because there is no Phone to connect to. ", "\nIs there a way to disable the code that communicates with the Phone, so that I can just use the functionality in the Windows 8.1 project? ", "\nOr would I be best to just try to build a Universal App from scratch? ", "\n(Nb. ", "I am new to developing in WinRT.)", "\n\nA:\n\nYou do not need a phone to develop with the Band. ", " You can Bluetooth pair the Band to your Windows 8.1 machine and use the Band SDK in a Windows 8.1 (WinRT) application.", "\n(Note that, while I've had no issues pairing my Band to any of my machines, others have reported issues pairing and/or enumerating the Band via the SDK once paired. ", " It may just depend on the particular Bluetooth adaptor of the machine.) ", "\n\n" ]

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[ "CASF Model, using seven “Giga Trends,” has produced the following forecast concerning the probability of incidence of each trend.", "\n\nEnd Game Scenarios\n\nThe Champaign Club Scenario. ", "Water, food, shelter, sanitation, education, health and energy continue to be available at increasingly higher prices to anyone who can afford it.", "\n\nThe Gaza Strip Scenario. ", "Majority of humanity is caged like animals, and kept under permanent military curfew.", "\n\nInvoluntary Mass ‘Euthanasia’ Scenario.", "More than 90 percent of world population is annihilated by the world elite via conventional methods such as genocide by starvation, ethnic cleansing, disease and poverty, or using biological and chemical agents including exotic depopulation weapons.", "\n\nEnd Game Scenarios [Revised] The probability of lifestyle global war breaking out (before a major ecosystems collapse occurs) is about twice higher than the combined probabilities of all other possible scenarios that may unfold in the near future.", "\n\nThere’s a fundamental systemic problem. ", "It’s called exponential growth economy and it’s degrading, polluting, tearing apart destroying and otherwise killing off everything in its domain. ", "In the absence of a ‘radical’ change to the economic system our world is rapidly falling apart.", "\n\nOur Oceans, Where Life Started, Are Now Dying:\n\nThe Next Phase of Collapse: Wars initiated by Israel/US for Hegemony Over World’s Resources\n\nWars by Israel/US for hegemony over resources are about the survival of the fattest. ", "They are fought by the urge to secure more of other peoples’ resources: More water, more food, more fertile land and more energy to maintain unsustainable lifestyles.", "\n\nThe self-fulfilling prophecy for Israel [through US] to rule the world\n\nWorld’s resources are dwindling (competition for the remaining finite resources is rapidly intensifying).", "\n\nThe exponential growth economy and its two leading pathogens, overproduction and overconsumption, together with unsustainable lifestyles and unethical behavior are degrading the world’s remaining resources.", "\n\nClimate change is affecting the availability, or access to resources.", "\n\nGlobal rates of consumption of water, food and energy are exponentially increasing.", "\n\nDeteriorating local resources and food insecurity, economic uncertainty and poverty, political corruption and instability, among other mechanisms of collapse, result in the collapse of cities and population centers.", "\n\nCities, population centers and settlements are abandoned.", "\n\nLarge-scale migrations ensue at regional, national and international levels.", "\n\nLarge numbers of migrants put additional terminal strain on the remaining resources.", "\n\nThe Hotspots\n\n‘Hotspots’ are considered to be the countries, regions or areas that are worst affected by water scarcity, food or energy shortages, degraded land, and the corresponding political instability created as a result of those conditions, as well as those areas that are considered to be primary or secondary targets because of their relative abundance of natural resources.", "\n\nOur data analysis show that within a short time global list of countries facing a high risk of political instability and danger of armed conflict resulting from dwindling resources, which would be exacerbated by the adverse effects of climate change, would grow rapidly leaving very few places, if any, temporarily unaffected." ]

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[ "We seek to develop an aerosol delivery approach to more effectively treat and improve the control over transmission and outbreak of respiratory infectious diseases, specifically tuberculosis (TB) and multi-drug resistant TB (MDR-TB). ", "Our hypothesis is that direct, topical delivery of antibiotics to infected lungs results in relatively high local drug concentrations, which can more quickly eradicate active bacterial populations, thus sterilizing the lungs and reducing the duration of infectivity and the duration of chemotherapy necessary to achieve a durable cure in pulmonary tuberculosis relative to parenteral or oral dosing. ", "We propose to develop and test anti-TB agents and combinations that can be administered directly to patient lungs from an inexpensive, easy-to-use inhaler suitable and appropriate for use even in resource-limited settings. ", "The agents will be formulated into large porous particles (LPPs) whose unique physical characteristics enable highly efficient delivery of relatively large drug masses. ", "This approach has the added advantages of being non-invasive and/ or reducing gastrointestinal and systemic side effects. ", "Specific research aims are to develop stable, LPP formulations of key anti-TB agents, establish their efficacy in animal models of TB, complete 28-day toxicology testing, and to determine reliability in the field of an existing inhaler by challenging it harsh conditions. ", "This work will result in the identification of lead candidate antibiotic aerosols suitable for further clinical development for the improved treatment of TB and MDR-TB. ", "It represents a new paradigm for treating and limiting the spread (especially nosocomial transmission) of respiratory infectious diseases such as TB, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), influenza, and small pox." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }

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[ "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\"?", ">\n<LanguageData>\n\n <MakeFruitYogurt.label>제작 : 과일 요거트</MakeFruitYogurt.label>\n <MakeFruitYogurt.description>우유나 두유를 발효해 과일을 넣고 상큼한 요거트를 만듭니다. ", "3개씩 만듭니다.</MakeFruitYogurt.description>\n <MakeFruitYogurt.jobString>요거트 만드는 중.</MakeFruitYogurt.jobString>\n\n <MakeFruitYogurt_Bulk.label>제작 : 과일 요거트 (x3)</MakeFruitYogurt_Bulk.label>\n <MakeFruitYogurt_Bulk.description>우유나 두유를 발효해 과일을 넣고 상큼한 요거트를 만듭니다. ", "10개씩 만듭니다.</MakeFruitYogurt_Bulk.description>\n <MakeFruitYogurt_Bulk.jobString>요거트 만드는 중.</MakeFruitYogurt_Bulk.jobString>\n\n <MakeChocoMilk.label>제작 : 초코 우유</MakeChocoMilk.label>\n <MakeChocoMilk.description>우유나 두유에 초콜렛을 녹여 넣어 달콤한 초코 우유를 만듭니다. ", "3개씩 만듭니다.</MakeChocoMilk.description>\n <MakeChocoMilk.jobString>초코 우유 만드는 중.</MakeChocoMilk.jobString>\n\n <MakeChocoMilk_Bulk.label>제작 : 초코 우유 (x3)</MakeChocoMilk_Bulk.label>\n <MakeChocoMilk_Bulk.description>우유나 두유에 초콜렛을 녹여 넣어 달콤한 초코 우유를 만듭니다. ", "10개씩 만듭니다.</MakeChocoMilk_Bulk.description>\n <MakeChocoMilk_Bulk.jobString>제작 중 : 초코 우유.</MakeChocoMilk_Bulk.jobString>\n\n <BrewTea.label>제작 : 차</BrewTea.label>\n <BrewTea.description>찻잎을 따뜻한 물에 우리고 설탕을 넣어 차를 만듭니다. ", "3잔씩 만듭니다.</BrewTea.description>\n <BrewTea.jobString>차 타는 중.</BrewTea.jobString>\n\n <BrewCoffee.label>제작 : 커피</BrewCoffee.label>\n <BrewCoffee.description>커피 콩을 갈아서 따뜻한 물에 우려 커피를 만듭니다. ", "5잔씩 만듭니다.</BrewCoffee.description>\n <BrewCoffee.jobString>커피 타는 중.</BrewCoffee.jobString>\n\n <MakeFruitDrink.label>제작 : 과일 쥬스</MakeFruitDrink.label>\n <MakeFruitDrink.description>과일을 압착해 달콤한 과일 쥬스를 만듭니다. ", "3잔씩 만듭니다.</MakeFruitDrink.description>\n <MakeFruitDrink.jobString>과일 쥬스 만드는 중.</MakeFruitDrink.jobString>\n\n\n</LanguageData>" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

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[ "\nApple v. Samsung: Surprises in Latest Court Documents - pnayak\nhttp://www.wired.com/gadgetlab/2012/07/apple-reveals-for-monday-trial/\n======\nshrikant\nThe five 'reveals':\n\n1\\. Apple’s early vision for the iPad [...] were extraordinarily chunky and\nincluded a kick-stand\n\n2\\. Google told Samsung that its devices looked “too similar” to Apple’s iPad.", "\nGoogle demanded “distinguishable design vis-à-vis the iPad for the P3.”", "\n\n3\\. Apple made 23 to 32 percent on gross margins for iPads sold between April\n2010 and March 2012.", "\n\n4\\. The iPhone design was inspired by a Sony designer talking about \"portable\nelectronic devices that lacked buttons and other ‘excessive ornamentation,’\nfit in the hand, were ‘square with a screen’ and had ‘corners [which] have\nbeen rounded out\"\n\n5\\. Apple researches consumer sentiment on existing products in order to\noptimize future designs.", "\n\n------\njustinschuh\nWired's article certainly presents Apple's side of the story. ", "Although, the\nSamsung take is pretty interesting:\n<http://www.groklaw.net/article.php?story=20120726121512518>\n\nApparently, Apple argues that FRAND patents should be effectively free,\nestimating that Samsung's standards patents are worth less than 1¢ per device.", "\nWhereas, Apple thinks its design patents are worth $24 per device, and their\nutility patents are another $3 on top of that. ", "Were that to hold, it would\neliminate Samsung's profit margin. ", "So, it's hard not to read this as Apple\ntrying to cage viable competitors entirely out of the market through legal\nmaneuvering.", "\n\n~~~\nspiralpolitik\nFRAND patents of the like Samsung are complaining about are usually patents on\nthe individual component chip. ", "Manufacturer of said chipset license the patent\nwhen they make the chipset then sell the chipset to downstream integrators\nlike Apple. ", "Given the cost of the chipset is far cheaper than the overall cost\nof the device 1c per chip is reasonable, especially when said chipset may\nrequire the licensing of hundreds of other patents as well and devices\nrequiring several chipsets. ", "If Samsung wins here they will effectively kill\nFRAND licensing and costs will increase significantly as everybody will now\nwant $25 per device for their patents.", "\n\nAs part of the standards process Samsung has committed to licensing these\npatterns under Fair, Reasonably and Non-Discrimartory terms, which means they\ncan't ask Apple for a different rate than they give say Motorola or HTC.", "\nBecause Apple's Design patents are not FRAND they are under no obligation to\ngive anything to Samsung.", "\n\nBecause Samsung's patents are standards essential you can't build a cellphone\nwithout needing them (hence the FRAND licensing), while its certainly possible\nto build a cellphone that doesn't violate Apple's design patents (RIM, Nokia\net al don't seem to be getting sued for example). ", "This doesn't mean that Apple\nis right for suing companies for violating them, but what Samsung is doing is\nfar far worse.", "\n\n~~~\npatrickaljord\nSo if Samsung builds ground breaking technology that is so important that it\ngets included in every smartphone, they can't charge more than 1c per chip.", "\nHowever, if Apple builds trivial \"slide to unlock\", they can charge $25 per\nphone and block devices from entering the market? ", "What is the incentive of\ndoing research and developing important wireless technologies if you'll be\nless rewarded than the company who developed \"slide to unlock\". ", "Shouldn't\nimportant techs get the most rewards? ", "I'm against software patents, but if the\nlaw's going to support them at least it should be coherent.", "\n\n~~~\njosephlord\nIf Apple charge $25 for a patent that isn't worth that much then people won't\nlicence it and will find alternatives. ", "If Samsung charges a high rate for one\npatent (of hundreds) people have to either completely drop the standard or\npay.", "\n\nI don't know if the Samsung patents are groundbreaking or not. ", "It could be\nthat there were other similar options the standards committee could have\nselected but with Samsung in the room the choice with the Samsung patent was\nmade so all implementers need a license.", "\n\nBig companies often want to get their technology into the standard as that\nenables them to get a small per unit license fee across large numbers of\ndevices. ", "I know that was the case when I worked at Sony. ", "If Samsung didn't\nwant to make that patent FRAND they could have made it clear during\nstandardisation and I'm sure it would have been left out. ", "If patents in this\narea don't get into standards they are effectively worthless.", "\n\nRemember that the a group of competitors sitting in a room discussing future\nterms of business is either a standards committee or an illegal cartel. ", "The\ndifference is the rules under which they operate to give others access to the\nmarket which include the FRAND commitments.", "\n\n~~~\nPeaker\nThe problem is a patent may be worth so much because it is so trivial that\ndoing anything _else_ is silly.", "\n\nApple should never have been granted a patent for slide-to-unlock, that's a\ntrivial consequence of using a touchscreen UI.", "\n\n~~~\njosephlord\nI'm not sure that really is the case. ", "Nokia, Sony Ericcson, Palm and MS had\ntouchscreen handhelds for years before the iPhone. ", "Either that should have\ngenerated clear prior art or there are other options that aren't silly. ", "If\nApple came up with something new that really makes all the old ways seem silly\nmaybe it really is a valuable technology that they can charge high prices for.", "\n\nIf the Apple patent is shown to be invalid they won't get anything and Samsung\nwon't have to work around it but whatever the situation there is no value in\ncomparing prices between FRAND and non FRAND patents.", "\n\nI don't recall any of the tech giants including Google and Samsung campaigning\nto get rid of whole categories of patents of for other major reforms. ", "I would\nlike patent reform but The law as it exists should be enforced.", "\n\nEdit: Note that in this and my earlier post I am not commenting on the\nvalidity of either sides patents or what exactly the damages or license fees\nfor either should be BUT that there is little value making a comparison\nbetween FRAND committed prices and those for any non FRAND prices.", "\n\n~~~\nPeaker\n> Nokia, Sony Ericcson, Palm and MS had touchscreen handhelds for years before\n> the iPhone\n\nThey had enough physical buttons to make button unlock a viable option.", "\n\nWhen you have only a touchscreen, the gestures available to you are taps and\nswipes. ", "Taps easily happen accidentally, so some composition of swipes to\nunlock is the main obvious remaining option.", "\n\n~~~\njosephlord\nIf that is the case anyone can work around the patent for the cost of a\nhardware button.", "\n\nThose saying this is a major critical feature (I'm not)that reduces hardware\ncosts and improves product design are really making the case that it is a good\npatent, novel and useful.", "\n\n~~~\nPeaker\nThen what you consider the invention here is really the touch screen and not\nthe unlocking. ", "Adding a physical button just for unlocking is less obvious\nthan just using a gesture already available.", "\n\n~~~\njosephlord\nA touchscreen is an invention but people managed to use touchscreens without\nslide to unlock for years. ", "That is a separate and dependent invention.", "\n\nEither the designers didn't think about this approach or thought it wasn't the\nbest solution. ", "If anyone produced such a solution or documented it the patent\nshould be invalidated for prior art.", "\n\nMy initial reaction to the patent was probably that is a bit trivial but\nbetter than many that get granted and that there should be plenty of\nworkarounds. ", "The slide to unlock definitely seems obvious once you have seen\nit but I'm not sure it is so obvious before you have seen it (it's quite hard\nto unwind your mind to a state of unknowing). ", "You certainly need to asking the\nright questions: how can we remove all the buttons, how do you prevent it\nwaking too easily.", "\n\nThere is no need for touchscreen phones to go completely buttonless. ", "That is a\ndesign choice not an essential feature to exist in the market.", "\n\n------\nSoftwareMaven\nNot good when your own designers are saying \"too bad it looks like an iPhone\".", "\nThe Sony concept is interesting; it would be interesting to do a courtroom\ntest (can the lawyers differentiate when the judge holds them up). ", "I don't\nthink it would e a problem with the original iPhone, but the iPhone 4 might\nbe. ", "Of course, Sony never created that product.", "\n\n~~~\namartya916\nI also read that Best Buy had people returning the Galaxy Tab because they had\noriginally thought that it was the iPad.", "\n\nLink: [http://allthingsd.com/20120726/documents-in-apple-v-\nsamsung-...](http://allthingsd.com/20120726/documents-in-apple-v-samsung-give-\nreporters-plenty-to-chew-on/)\n\nNow, of course one can say that the consumer should have paid more attention\nto the branding, but I think that's missing the point. ", "It seems that for a few\n(?) ", "people the Galaxy tab looked similar enough to the iPad to cause confusion\nand that the big box retailer conveyed the message to Samsung.", "\n\n~~~\njsnell\nThat data point doesn't mean much. ", "Many people who aren't into tech will just\nlump a whole category of devices together with the most prominent member of\nthe group. ", "I suspect it's impossible to design a tablet-like device with any\ncommercial potential at all that someone won't confuse for an iPad.", "\n\nFor example, I've had someone call my original Eee Transformer an iPad. ", "And\nhere we're talking of a device that's a different color (brown), different\ntexture (smooth vs. crosshatched), different shape (16:10 vs. 4:3), and much\nthicker. ", "Oh, and of course attached to a keyboard...\n\n~~~\namartya916\nIf I understand your point correctly, you are referring to the fact that some\nproducts by being first-to-market or by popularity start to define a category\nof products. ", "For example, vacuum cleaners in the UK are mostly called\n\"Hoovers\", or say \"Coke\" represents a cola soft drink etc.", "\n\nIn those cases, people won't buy a product and return it. ", "Although they refer\nto a vacuum cleaner as a \"Hoover\", they go in knowing fully well that they are\nbuying a product that does what a \"Hoover\" does, i.e. pick up dust. ", "Here\npeople didn't go in wanting an iPad-esque product and buying a product in the\nsame category, but rather they mistook it to be _the_ iPad. ", "Pardon me if this\nseems a little circuitous, having trouble with words today :)\n\n------\nKaoruAoiShiho\nArticle missed the biggest kicker, which is that the galaxy designs pre-date\nthe iphone:\n\n<http://i.imgur.com/KPGYL.jpg>\n\n------\njemfinch\nIs \"revelation\" really too tough a word for the authors of this article or the\nreaders of Wired?", "\n\nI really don't appreciate this linguistic trend in the tech community to turn\nverbs into nouns in a non-standard, _ad hoc_ way when perfectly fine nouns\nexist. ", "I (unfortunately) hear it with \"ask\" fairly frequently at work, and it\nmakes me feel like Jules from Pulp Fiction (\"Use 'ask' as a noun again, I dare\nyou...\")\n\nCan anyone shed some linguistic light on this trend?", "\n\n~~~\njacobolus\nPretty sure the “reveal” here is supposed to be this kind:\n<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reveal_(arts_and_showbusiness)>\n\nWhich is slightly different from “revelation”, though I agree with you that\n“revelation” is better word in this context.", "\n\n------\nnirvana\nHey Falling. ", "You've been hellbanned. ", "Your comments are not appearing to anyone\nexcept those who have \"turn dead comments on\". ", "You may have been hellbanned\nfor daring to defend Apple on HN, who knows since they never say, but they are\nreally active at censoring people for having diverse opinions.", "\n\nJust thought I'd share this in case you're still reading the thread... I can't\neven reply to your hellbanned comments alas.", "\n\n~~~\nnolok\nBanned for defending apple on hackernews ? ", "Are you actually believing what you\nsay ?", "\n\nIf anything, I would say this place is a little too full of apple fanboys, not\nthe other way around. ", "Get a grip on reality.", "\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "HackerNews" }

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[ "//\n// PUIButton.swift\n// PlayerUI\n//\n// Created by Guilherme Rambo on 29/04/17.", "\n// Copyright © 2017 Guilherme Rambo. ", "All rights reserved.", "\n//\n\nimport Cocoa\n\npublic final class PUIButton: NSControl {\n\n public var isToggle = false\n\n public var activeTintColor: NSColor = .playerHighlight {\n didSet {\n needsDisplay = true\n }\n }\n\n public var tintColor: NSColor = .buttonColor {\n didSet {\n needsDisplay = true\n }\n }\n\n public var state: NSControl.", "StateValue = .off {\n didSet {\n needsDisplay = true\n }\n }\n\n public var showsMenuOnLeftClick = false\n public var showsMenuOnRightClick = false\n public var sendsActionOnMouseDown = false\n\n public var image: NSImage? {", "\n didSet {\n guard let image = image else { return }\n\n if image.isTemplate {\n maskImage = image.cgImage(forProposedRect: nil, context: nil, hints: nil)\n } else {\n maskImage = nil\n }\n\n invalidateIntrinsicContentSize()\n }\n }\n\n public var alternateImage: NSImage? {", "\n didSet {\n guard let alternateImage = alternateImage else { return }\n\n if alternateImage.isTemplate {\n alternateMaskImage = alternateImage.cgImage(forProposedRect: nil, context: nil, hints: nil)\n } else {\n alternateMaskImage = nil\n }\n\n invalidateIntrinsicContentSize()\n }\n }\n\n private var maskImage: CGImage? {", "\n didSet {\n needsDisplay = true\n }\n }\n\n private var alternateMaskImage: CGImage? {", "\n didSet {\n needsDisplay = true\n }\n }\n\n public override func draw(_ dirtyRect: NSRect) {\n if let maskImage = maskImage {\n if let alternateMaskImage = alternateMaskImage, state == .on {\n drawMask(alternateMaskImage)\n } else {\n drawMask(maskImage)\n }\n } else {\n if let alternateImage = alternateImage, state == .on {\n drawImage(alternateImage)\n } else {\n drawImage(image)\n }\n }\n }\n\n private func drawMask(_ maskImage: CGImage) {\n guard let ctx = NSGraphicsContext.current?.cgContext else { return }\n\n ctx.clip(to: bounds, mask: maskImage)\n\n if shouldDrawHighlighted || state == .on || shouldAlwaysDrawHighlighted {\n ctx.setFillColor(activeTintColor.cgColor)\n } else if !", "isEnabled {\n let color = shouldAlwaysDrawHighlighted ? ", "activeTintColor : tintColor\n ctx.setFillColor(color.withAlphaComponent(0.5).cgColor)\n } else {\n ctx.setFillColor(tintColor.cgColor)\n }\n\n ctx.fill(bounds)\n }\n\n private func drawImage(_ image: NSImage?) {", "\n image?.draw(in: bounds)\n }\n\n public override var intrinsicContentSize: NSSize {\n if let image = image {\n return image.size\n } else {\n return NSSize(width: -1, height: -1)\n }\n }\n\n private var shouldDrawHighlighted: Bool = false {\n didSet {\n needsDisplay = true\n }\n }\n\n public var shouldAlwaysDrawHighlighted: Bool = false {\n didSet {\n needsDisplay = true\n }\n }\n\n public override var isEnabled: Bool {\n didSet {\n needsDisplay = true\n }\n }\n\n public override func mouseDown(with event: NSEvent) {\n guard isEnabled else { return }\n\n guard !", "showsMenuOnLeftClick else {\n showMenu(with: event)\n return\n }\n\n shouldDrawHighlighted = true\n\n if !", "sendsActionOnMouseDown {\n window?.trackEvents(matching: [.leftMouseUp, .leftMouseDragged], timeout: NSEvent.foreverDuration, mode: .eventTracking) { event, stop in\n if event?.type == .leftMouseUp {\n self.shouldDrawHighlighted = false\n stop.pointee = true\n }\n }\n }\n\n if let action = action, let target = target {\n if isToggle {\n state = (state == .on) ? ", ".off : .on\n }\n NSApp.sendAction(action, to: target, from: self)\n }\n }\n\n public override func rightMouseDown(with event: NSEvent) {\n guard showsMenuOnRightClick else {\n return\n }\n showMenu(with: event)\n }\n\n private func showMenu(with event: NSEvent) {\n guard let menu = menu else { return }\n\n menu.popUp(positioning: nil, at: .zero, in: self)\n }\n\n public override var effectiveAppearance: NSAppearance {\n if #available(OSX 10.14, *) {\n return super.effectiveAppearance\n } else {\n return NSAppearance(named: .vibrantDark)!", "\n }\n }\n\n public override var allowsVibrancy: Bool {\n return true\n }\n\n public override func acceptsFirstMouse(for event: NSEvent?) -", "> Bool {\n return true\n }\n\n}\n" ]

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[ "#include <vtkImageActor.h> // Note: this is a 3D actor (c.f. ", "vtkImageMapper which is 2D)\n#include <vtkImageMapper3D.h>\n#include <vtkImageReader2.h>\n#include <vtkImageReader2Factory.h>\n#include <vtkInteractorStyleImage.h>\n#include <vtkNamedColors.h>\n#include <vtkRenderWindow.h>\n#include <vtkRenderWindowInteractor.h>\n#include <vtkRenderer.h>\n#include <vtkSmartPointer.h>\n\nint main(int argc, char* argv[])\n{\n // Parse input arguments\n if (argc !", "= 2)\n {\n std::cout << \"Required parameters: Filename e.g. Ox.jpg\" << std::endl;\n return EXIT_FAILURE;\n }\n\n // Read the image\n auto readerFactory = vtkSmartPointer<vtkImageReader2Factory>::New();\n vtkSmartPointer<vtkImageReader2> reader;\n reader.", "TakeReference(readerFactory->CreateImageReader2(argv[1]));\n reader->SetFileName(argv[1]);\n\n // Create an actor\n auto actor = vtkSmartPointer<vtkImageActor>::New();\n actor->GetMapper()->SetInputConnection(reader->GetOutputPort());\n\n // Setup renderer\n auto colors = vtkSmartPointer<vtkNamedColors>::New();\n\n auto renderer = vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderer>::New();\n renderer->AddActor(actor);\n renderer->ResetCamera();\n renderer->SetBackground(colors->GetColor3d(\"Burlywood\").GetData());\n\n // Setup render window\n auto window = vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderWindow>::New();\n window->AddRenderer(renderer);\n\n // Setup render window interactor\n auto interactor = vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderWindowInteractor>::New();\n interactor->SetRenderWindow(window);\n\n // Setup interactor style (this is what implements the zooming, panning and\n // brightness adjustment functionality)\n auto style = vtkSmartPointer<vtkInteractorStyleImage>::New();\n interactor->SetInteractorStyle(style);\n\n // Render and start interaction\n window->Render();\n interactor->Start();\n\n return EXIT_SUCCESS;\n}\n" ]

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[ "Q:\n\niOS How can I use UIApplication launchApplicationWithIdentifier which is in private APIs?", "\n\n[EDIT]I've jb my device. ", "And I found the latest private APIs iOS-Runtime-Headers on Github.", "\nI want to use private APIs in my app.", "\nI found kennytm/iphone-private-frameworks on github but it only support iOS 3.x. ", "While I'm working on iOS 5.0.1. ", "\nI also found some codes on Google iPhone development tools. ", "But it really make me confused. ", "I'm new to iPhone development. ", "\nWhat should I do to use \n[[UIApplication sharedApplication] launchApplicationWithIdentifier:@\"com.a.b\" suspended:NO];\n\nSomeone can give me a direction or some examples. ", "Thanks a lot.", "\n\nA:\n\nREQUIREMENTS\n\nJailbroken iDevice\nValid certificates/keys in your keychain and its associated provisioning profile. (", "If you aren't enrolled in the apple developer program, use this workaround: self sign my code and test on iphone in xCode)\n\nMY SOLUTION\n1) Enable Entitlements in your XCode project.", "\nTo add Entitlements to your project, select your project in project navigator, then on active Target -> Summary -> Entitlements -> check Enable entitlements check box. ", "New file with name \"YourProject.entitlements\" would appear in project navigator right after.", "\n2) Add folowing property to Entitlements.", "\n\n3) Since launchApplicationWithIdentifier:suspended: is private API, you need to explicitly declare it in order to build your app. ", "Just add folowing code in appropriate place(s):\n// Simply make declaration inside a Category.", "\n#import \"BlahBlah.h\"\n@interface UIApplication (Undocumented)\n - (void) launchApplicationWithIdentifier: (NSString*)identifier suspended: (BOOL)suspended;\n@end\n....\n@implementation BlahBlah\n...\n\n4) Build your project.", "\n5) Copy YourProject.app into device's /Application folder (via SFTP, for example)\n6) Respring or reboot iDevice.", "\n7) ...\n8) Profit!", "\nSEE ALSO\nSpecial API to launch an app from my application - another solution\nWhat is the bundle identifier of apple's default applications in iOS?", "\n\n" ]

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[ "June 11 — To the Editor\n\nSo many career Republicans are now wringing their hands: \"Oh, whatever will we do about Donald Trump?\" ", "They're terrified that not only will he lose the election and let another Democrat into the Oval Office, not only will he cost them dearly in downticket races, but that he will ruin whatever noble thing it is that they thought the Republican Party was. ", "Trump's style of juvenile insults and idiotic slogans, they think, is ruining the Party of Reagan.", "\n\nGive us a break. ", "In 1992, Ronald Reagan wrote Rush Limbaugh a letter of thanks for promoting the Republican Party, calling him \"the number one voice for conservatism\" in the United States. ", "Reagan was right. ", "Soon after, Limbaugh called Chelsea Clinton \"the White House dog.\" ", "He did it on the radio for the whole wide world to hear a grown man pick on the looks of a 13-year-old girl.", "\n\nRush Limbaugh is not unique for hateful comments that cross the line of decency. ", "You could fill pages with abominable quotes coming from right-wing propaganda personalities. ", "Ann Coulter calling on carpet bombing Middle Eastern countries and converting Muslims at the point of a sword; Michael Savage popularizing the quote, \"liberalism is a mental illness.\" ", "What these people have done, with winks, nods and words of encouragement from elected Republicans like former House speaker Newt Gingrich, is turn the Republican Party into a cesspool of loathing.", "\n\nBut, today, Massachusetts Gov. Mitt Romney is suddenly gnawing his knuckles about Donald Trump? ", "Does he live in a house with no mirrors? ", "In 2012, Mitt Romney solicited the endorsement of shock rocker and NRA board member Ted Nugent, one of the vilest people in the right wing inferno — a man who boasts of his patriotism today but formerly bragged about dodging the Vietnam War by showing up to a draft board after not having showered for a month and wearing pants full of his own week-old feces - a man who also sired a son right here in Dover, then ignored him for the first eight or so years of his life until the boy's mother sued for child support, upon which event Nugent threatened to sue for custody — not because he wanted closeness with the child, but because he wanted to frighten away the mother. ", "Ted Nugent is a font of hateful quotes, and Romney ignored all that out of political expedience.", "\n\nDonald Trump is the product of the political base that the Republican Party has courted for decades. ", "Donald Trump is the leader that they deserve. ", "The Republican Party is not the Party of Reagan. ", "Today's Republican Party is the Party of Trump. ", "Today's Republican Party is a cult of hate.", "\n\nYours truly,\n\nStephen D. Clark\n\nStratham" ]

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[ "Cristina Banegas\n\nCristina Banegas (born 26 February 1948) is an Argentine film, TV and stage actress. ", "She has appeared in more than fifty films since 1965.", "\n\nSelected filmography\n\nAwards\nInternational Emmy Award (2012)\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \n \n\nCategory:1948 births\nCategory:Living people\nCategory:Actresses from Buenos Aires\nCategory:Argentine film actresses\nCategory:Argentine television actresses\nCategory:International Emmy Award for Best Actress winners" ]

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[ "---\nabstract: 'We evaluate the accuracy of traditional estimators often used to extract $N \\rightarrow \\Delta$ quadrupole ratios from cross section angular distributions for pion electroproduction. ", "We find that neither $M_{1+}$ dominance nor $\\ell \\leq 1$ truncation is sufficiently accurate for this purpose. ", "Truncation errors are especially large for $R_{EM}$, for which it is also essential to perform Rosenbluth separation. ", "The accuracy of similar truncated Legendre analyses for $E_{0+}$, $S_{0+}$, and especially $M_{1-}$ is even worse.'", "\nauthor:\n- 'J. J. Kelly'\ndate: 'July 6, 2005'\ntitle: 'Accuracy of traditional Legendre estimators of quadrupole ratios for the $N \\rightarrow \\Delta$ transition'\n---\n\nHistorically the most important indications of deformation of low-lying baryons have been the quadrupole ratios for electromagnetic excitation of the $N \\rightarrow \\Delta(1232)$ transition. ", "Magnetic dipole excitation dominates and is represented by the $M_{1+}$ multipole amplitude while nonzero values for the electric and scalar (longitudinal) multipoles, $E_{1+}$ and $S_{1+}$, arise either from nonspherical contributions to the wave functions or from higher-order dynamical contributions to the electromagnetic transition. ", "The quadrupole ratios are defined as\n\n$$\\begin{aligned}\nR_{EM} = {{\\rm{Re}}}\\frac{E_{1+}}{M_{1+} } \\\\\nR_{SM} = {{\\rm{Re}}}\\frac{S_{1+}}{M_{1+} }\\end{aligned}$$\n\nevaluated at the physical mass of the resonance, $W=M_\\Delta\\approx 1.232$ GeV. Determination of quadrupole ratios for isospin-3/2 amplitudes requires measurements of two charge states, such as $p\\pi^0$ and $n\\pi^+$. Complex multipole amplitudes have been deduced for $Q^2 = 0$ using polarization data for pion photoproduction [@Blanpied01], but few experiments for $Q^2 > 0$ have provided sufficient information to perform an actual multipole analysis. ", "Instead, most experimental determinations of $N \\rightarrow \\Delta$ transition form factors [@Kalleicher97; @Frolov99; @Joo02; @Sparveris05] rely upon estimators derived from multipole expansions for the angular dependence of unpolarized cross sections using two simplifying assumptions: 1) only multipoles with $\\ell \\leq 1$ contribute, which is described as $sp$ truncation; and 2) only terms involving $M_{1+}$ are retained, which is described as $M_{1+}$ dominance. ", "Although the reliability of these assumptions has been questioned before, the improved kinematic completeness and statistical precision of modern experiments warrants re-examination of their accuracy. ", "In this Brief Report, we consider the accuracy of traditional quadrupole estimators for $Q^2 \\sim 1$ (GeV/$c$)$^2$ where a nearly model-independent multipole analysis of recoil-polarization response functions for the $p(\\vec{e},e^\\prime \\vec{p})\\pi^0$ reaction disagrees appreciably with the traditional Legendre analysis of the cross section data [@Kelly05c; @Kelly05d].", "\n\nThe unpolarized differential cross section for $\\gamma_v N \\rightarrow N\\pi$ in the $\\pi N$ center of momentum frame takes the form $$\\frac{d\\sigma}{d\\Omega_\\pi} = \\nu_0 \\left(\n\\epsilon_S R_L + R_T +\n\\sqrt{2\\epsilon_S (1+\\epsilon)}R_{LT} \\sin{\\theta}\\cos{\\phi}\n+ \\epsilon R_{TT} \\sin^2{\\theta}\\cos{2\\phi} \\right)$$ where $\\nu_0$ is a phase-space factor, $\\epsilon$ is the transverse polarization of the virtual photon, $\\epsilon_S = \\epsilon Q^2 / q^2$, and $(\\theta,\\phi)$ are polar and azimuthal pion angles relative to the $\\vec{q}$ vector and the electron scattering plane. ", "The response functions can be expanded in Legendre series $$R_\\lambda = \\sum_{n=0}^{\\infty} A^\\lambda_n P_n(\\cos{\\theta})$$ where $\\lambda \\in \\{ L,T,LT,TT \\}$. The expansion coefficients, $A^\\lambda_n$, are functions of $(W,Q^2)$ that can be fit to the angular distribution of the differential cross section. ", "Each of those coefficients can in turn be expressed as a multipole expansion containing terms of the form ${{\\rm{Re}}}B_{\\ell\\pm}C_{\\ell\\pm}^*$ where $B,C \\in \\{M,E,S\\}$ are magnetic, electric, or scalar multipole amplitudes for specified $\\ell$ and $j=\\ell \\pm 1/2$. In principle, experimentally determined Legendre coefficients include contributions from arbitrarily large $\\ell$ and are not limited either by $sp$ truncation or by $M_{1+}$ dominance.", "\n\nTruncated multipole expansions of the Legendre coefficients used in quadrupole estimators are given in Eq. (", "\\[eq:Leg-mp\\]) where the contributions that satisfy $M_{1+}$ dominance are listed first and where the remaining terms include some of the lowest multipolarity contributions of other types but are not necessarily arranged in order of numerical importance.", "\n\n\\[eq:Leg-mp\\] $$\\begin{aligned}\nA_0^L &=& |S_{0+}|^2 + 8 |S_{1+}|^2 + |S_{1-}|^2 + 8 |S_{2-}|^2\n+ 27 |S_{2+}|^2 + ... \\\\\nA_0^T &=& 2 |M_{1+}|^2 + |E_{0+}|^2 + |M_{1-}|^2 + 6 |E_{1+}|^2 ] \n+ 6 |M_{2-}|^2 + 2 |E_{2-}|^2 + 9 |M_{2+}|^2 + 18 |E_{2+}|^2 + ... \\\\\nA_0^{TT} &=& -\\frac{3}{2} |M_{1+}|^2\n-{{\\rm{Re}}}[M_{1+}^* (3 E_{1+} + 3 M_{1-}\n+ 12 M_{3-} + 3 E_{3-} + 2 M_{3+} + 10 E_{3+})] \\\\ \\nonumber\n&+& \\frac{9}{2}|E_{1+}|^2 + \\frac{3}{2}|E_{2-}|^2 + 24 |E_{2+}|^2 \n- \\frac{9}{2}|M_{2-}|^2 - 12 |M_{2+}|^2 \\\\ \\nonumber\n&+& {{\\rm{Re}}}[ -3 E_{0+}^*(E_{2-} + M_{2-} - M_{2+} + E_{2+} ) \n+ E_{1+}^* (3 M_{1-} - 21 E_{3-} - 12 M_{3-} + 12 M_{3+}) \\\\ \\nonumber\n&+& M_{1-}^* (3 E_{3-} + 3 M_{3-} + 10 E_{3+} - 10 M_{3+}) + ...] \\\\\nA_1^{LT} &=& 3 {{\\rm{Re}}}[ M_{1+}^* (2 S_{1+} - 3 S_{3-} + 4 S_{3+}) \n+ S_{0+}^* (E_{2-} - M_{2-} + M_{2+} - 4 E_{2+})\n \\\\ \\nonumber\n&-& E_{0+}^* (2 S_{2-} - 3 S_{2+} )\n-2 E_{1+}^* (S_{1+} + S_{1-}) - 2 M_{1-}S_{1+}^* + ... ] \\\\\nA_2^L &=& 8 |S_{1+}|^2 + 8 |S_{2-}|^2 + \\frac{216}{7}|S_{2+}|^2 \n+ {{\\rm{Re}}}[S_{0+}^* (8 S_{2-} + 18 S_{2+}) + 8 S_{1+} S_{1-}^* + ...]\n\\\\\nA_2^T &=& -|M_{1+}|^2 + {{\\rm{Re}}}[ M_{1+}^*( 6 E_{1+} -2 M_{1-} + \\frac{24}{7} M_{3-}\n+ 6 E_{3-} + \\frac{144}{7} M_{3+}) ] \\\\ \\nonumber\n&+& 3|E_{1+}|^2 - |E_{2-}|^2 + \\frac{108}{7}|E_{2+}|^2 + 3 |M_{2-}|^2\n+ \\frac{36}{7} |M_{2+}|^2 \\\\ \\nonumber\n&+& {{\\rm{Re}}}[ E_{0+}^*(2 E_{2-} - 6 M_{2-} + 6 M_{2+}+ 12 E_{2+} )\n -6 M_{1-}E_{1+}^* + ...]\\end{aligned}$$\n\nTable \\[table:leg-mp\\] shows that the number of independent terms in the multipole expansions of these Legendre coefficients increases very rapidly with the maximum $\\ell$ permitted. ", "Complete expansions for $\\ell_\\text{max} \\leq 6$ can be found in Ref. [", "@e91011_mpquad] but as $\\ell_\\text{max}$ increases they quickly become too unwieldy to display here or to use in practical applications. ", "The Legendre coefficients are usually obtained by numerical integration of response functions against Legendre functions instead of by these algebraic formulas, but both methods do agree.", "\n\n ------------------- --------- --------- ------------ ------------ --------- --------- --------- --------- ------------ ------------ --------- ---------\n \n $\\ell_\\text{max}$ $A_0^L$ $A_0^T$ $A_1^{LT}$ $A_0^{TT}$ $A_2^L$ $A_2^T$ $A_0^L$ $A_0^T$ $A_1^{LT}$ $A_0^{TT}$ $A_2^L$ $A_2^T$\n 1 3 4 8 9 5 9 0 2 2 4 0 4\n 2 5 8 26 27 11 26 0 2 2 4 0 4\n 3 7 12 50 52 17 46 0 2 4 8 0 4\n 4 9 16 84 85 23 66 0 2 4 8 0 6\n 5 11 20 113 116 27 82 0 2 5 11 0 6\n 6 13 14 150 153 31 98 0 2 5 11 0 6\n ------------------- --------- --------- ------------ ------------ --------- --------- --------- --------- ------------ ------------ --------- ---------\n\n : Complexity of multipole expansions of Legendre coefficients. ", "For each Legendre coefficient used for quadrupole estimators we show the number of independent terms of the form ${{\\rm{Re}}}(a b^*)$, where $a$ and $b$ are multipole amplitudes with $\\ell \\leq \\ell_\\text{max}$. []{data-label=\"table:leg-mp\"}\n\nThe assumption of $M_{1+}$ dominance omits any terms that do not involve $M_{1+}$, which strongly inhibits the proliferation of terms but is not sufficient in itself to extract quadrupole ratios from cross section data. ", "Combined with $sp$ truncation, these expansions reduce to\n\n\\[eq:Leg-trad\\] $$\\begin{aligned}\nA_0^L &\\approx& 0 \\\\\nA_0^T &\\approx& 2 |M_{1+}|^2 \\\\\nA_0^{TT} &\\approx& -{{\\rm{Re}}}[(\\frac{3}{2}M_{1+} + 3 E_{1+} + 3 M_{1-})M_{1+}^*] \\\\\nA_1^{LT} &\\approx& 6 {{\\rm{Re}}}[S_{1+} M_{1+}^* ] \\\\ \nA_2^L &\\approx& 0 \\\\\nA_2^T &\\approx& {{\\rm{Re}}}[( -M_{1+} + 6 E_{1+} -2 M_{1-})M_{1+}^*]\\end{aligned}$$\n\nThus, one obtains the traditional quadrupole estimators\n\n\\[eq:estimators\\] $$\\begin{aligned}\n\\tilde{R}_{EM} &=& \\frac{3(A_2^T + \\epsilon A_2^L)-2 A_0^{TT}}\n{12 (A_0^T + \\epsilon A_0^L)} \\\\\n\\tilde{R}_{SM} &=& \\frac{A_1^{LT}}{3(A_0^T + \\epsilon A_0^L)}\\end{aligned}$$\n\nwhere $A^L_n$ is included because most experiments have not used Rosenbluth separation to isolate $A^T_n$. When Rosenbluth separation is available, one can simply use $\\epsilon \\rightarrow 0$ in Eq. (", "\\[eq:estimators\\]). ", "Therefore, it is useful to define the accuracy parameters\n\n\\[eq:superratio\\] $$\\begin{aligned}\nf_{EM}(\\ell_\\text{max},\\epsilon) &=& \n\\frac{1}{R_{EM}}\n\\left( \\frac{3(A_2^T + \\epsilon A_2^L)-2 A_0^{TT}}\n{12 (A_0^T + \\epsilon A_0^L)} \\right)_{\\ell \\leq \\ell_\\text{max}} \n\\simeq \\frac{\\tilde{R}_{EM}}{R_{EM}} \\\\\nf_{SM}(\\ell_\\text{max},\\epsilon) &=& \n\\frac{1}{R_{SM}}\n\\left( \\frac{A_1^{LT}}{3(A_0^T + \\epsilon A_0^L)}\n\\right)_{\\ell \\leq \\ell_\\text{max}} \n\\simeq \\frac{\\tilde{R}_{SM}}{R_{SM}}\\end{aligned}$$\n\nwhere asymptotic equality refers to the limit $\\ell_\\text{max} \\rightarrow \\infty$. Despite their appealing simplicity, it is clear that many contributions are omitted and the accuracy of the traditional estimators is a numerical issue that can be addressed either theoretically using model calculations or experimentally using additional polarization measurements to extract complex multipole amplitudes directly.", "\n\nThe convergence of these expansions is evaluated in Table \\[table:leg-conv\\] using $p \\pi^0$ multipole amplitudes for $W = 1.232$ GeV and $Q^2 = 1.0$ (GeV/$c$)$^2$ from MAID2003 [@Drechsel99; @MAID2003]. ", "First, we observe that $A_n^L$ contributions are not negligible: the contribution of $A_0^L$ to the denominators of Eq. (", "\\[eq:estimators\\]) reduces the estimated quadrupole ratios by about $4\\%$ without Rosenbluth separation when $\\epsilon \\rightarrow 1$. (Note that $\\epsilon = 0.949$ at $W=1.232$ GeV in Ref. [", "@Kelly05c].) ", "Even though $A_2^L$ is much smaller, its effect upon $f_{EM}$ is even larger because the strong cancellation between $A_0^{TT}$ and $A_2^T + \\epsilon A_2^L$ amplifies the dependence on $\\epsilon$. Therefore, the assumption of $M_{1+}$ dominance is not sufficiently accurate to measure $R_{EM}$ without Rosenbluth separation. ", "Even with Rosenbluth separation, one should not expect better than about $15\\%$ accuracy for either quadrupole ratio using the traditional Legendre analysis (see the bottom of last two columns of Table \\[table:leg-conv\\]). ", "Second, it is clear that $sp$ truncation is not valid either because contributions with $\\ell > 1$ are not negligible. ", "Cancellation between contributions to the numerator of $\\tilde{R}_{EM}$ also amplifies truncation errors and convergence is not necessarily monotonic as $\\ell_\\text{max}$ increases. ", "Contributions to $A_0^L$ and $A_0^T$ are nonnegative, but the signs for other Legendre coefficients are mixed. ", "While the magnitudes of multipole amplitudes for $\\ell>1$ do tend to decrease, their coefficients in Eq. (", "\\[eq:Leg-mp\\]) tend to increase with $\\ell$. Thus, convergence becomes a delicate numerical issue.", "\n\nUnder the present conditions, we find that ${{\\rm{Re}}}(M_{1-}E_{1+}^*)$ is the most important contribution to $\\tilde{R}_{EM}$ neglected by $M_{1+}$ dominance and is approximately $-40\\%$ of the leading term. ", "Thus, $M_{1+}$ dominance is not very accurate. ", "The fact that $f_{EM}$ approaches $0.88$ for $\\epsilon = 0$ is actually nothing more than a lucky conspiracy among the magnitudes and signs for a very large number of smaller terms, many of which are not especially small individually. ", "However, most experiments omit Rosenbluth separation. ", "Similarly, the second most important contribution to $\\tilde{R}_{SM}$ is ${{\\rm{Re}}}(S_{0+}E_{2-}^*)$ but is only about $6\\%$ of the leading term; hence, $f_{SM}$ converges more rapidly. ", "The details of this analysis are obviously model dependent, but qualitatively similar results are obtained for other models as well. ", "Although $f_{EM}$ for $\\epsilon=0$ is slightly closer to unity than $f_{SM}$ for the present analysis, the greater susceptibility of $\\tilde{R}_{EM}$ to truncation errors through its reliance upon delicate cancellations suggests that the traditional Legendre analysis is intrinsically less reliable for $R_{EM}$ than for $R_{SM}$, with or without Rosenbluth separation.", "\n\n ------------------- --------- --------- ------------ ------------ --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------\n \n $\\ell_\\text{max}$ $A_0^L$ $A_0^T$ $A_1^{LT}$ $A_0^{TT}$ $A_2^L$ $A_2^T$ $f_{EM}$ $f_{SM}$ $f_{EM}$ $f_{SM}$\n 1 0.3339 7.599 -1.483 -5.220 0.141 -3.769 0.300 0.938 0.581 0.977\n 2 0.3377 7.624 -1.395 -5.156 0.102 -3.916 0.736 0.879 0.960 0.916\n 3 0.3384 7.628 -1.323 -5.137 0.079 -3.871 0.714 0.833 0.894 0.868\n 4 0.3384 7.628 -1.315 -5.130 0.081 -3.859 0.696 0.828 0.878 0.863\n 5 0.3384 7.628 -1.308 -5.130 0.081 -3.857 0.693 0.824 0.876 0.859\n ------------------- --------- --------- ------------ ------------ --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------\n\n : Convergence of multipole expansions of Legendre coefficients and quadrupole estimators. ", "Multipole amplitudes from MAID2003 for the $p \\pi^0$ channel were used for $W=1.232$ GeV and $Q^2 = 1.0$ (GeV/$c$)$^2$. Legendre coefficients are in units of $(\\mu b)^{1/2}$.[]{data-label=\"table:leg-conv\"}\n\nIt is often argued that the traditional Legendre analysis should be more accurate for the isospin-3/2 channel than for the $p\\pi^0$ reaction because the resonant multipoles should share a common phase and become pure imaginary at the physical mass, thereby suppressing background contributions. ", "Leaving aside the propagation of errors involved in extracting isospin-3/2 amplitudes by combining two independent experiments, we can address the intrinsic accuracy of this analysis method using model calculations also. ", "The convergence of the accuracy parameters for isospin-3/2 quadrupole ratios is examined in Table \\[table:iso3/2\\]. ", "Again we find that Rosenbluth separation is required for $\\tilde{R}_{EM}$. Interestingly, $f_{EM}$ deteriorates as $\\ell_\\text{max}$ increases and the final accuracy of $\\tilde{R}_{EM}$ is worse for isospin-3/2 than for $p\\pi^0$ even with $\\epsilon=0$. The cancellations are severe, the method is unstable, and calculations for $\\tilde{R}_{EM}$ are highly model-dependent.", "\n\n ------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------\n \n $\\ell_\\text{max}$ $f_{EM}$ $f_{SM}$ $f_{EM}$ $f_{SM}$\n 1 0.717 0.971 0.993 1.007\n 2 0.516 0.868 0.831 0.900\n 3 0.484 0.881 0.801 0.914\n 4 0.452 0.871 0.767 0.903\n 5 0.447 0.872 0.763 0.905\n ------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------\n\n : Convergence of quadrupole estimators for isospin-3/2. ", "Multipole amplitudes from MAID2003 were used for $W=1.232$ GeV and $Q^2 = 1.0$ (GeV/$c$)$^2$. Legendre coefficients are in units of $(\\mu b)^{1/2}$.[]{data-label=\"table:iso3/2\"}\n\nFigure \\[fig:quad\\_W\\] compares traditional quadrupole estimators with $R^{(p\\pi^0)}_{EM}$ and $R^{(p\\pi^0)}_{SM}$ for MAID2003 at $Q^2=1.0$ (GeV/$c$)$^2$. Ideally the estimators would be most accurate in the immediate vicinity of the physical mass, $W=M_\\Delta\\approx 1.232$ GeV, but neither actually has that property. ", "Rosenbluth separation is most important for $R_{EM}$, but even with separation the residual error at $M_\\Delta$ is significant at the level of experimental precision that is now possible.", "\n\n![", "$W$ dependence of quadrupole estimators for $p\\pi^0$ at $Q^2=1.0$ (GeV/$c$)$^2$ using MAID2003 multipoles. ", "Solid curves show $R_{EM}$ and $R_{SM}$ while dashed and dash-dotted curves show $\\tilde{R}_{EM}$ and $\\tilde{R}_{SM}$ for $\\ell \\leq 5$ using $\\epsilon=0$ and $\\epsilon=0.9$, respectively. ", "The vertical dashed line denotes $W=1.232$ GeV.[]{data-label=\"fig:quad_W\"}](quad_W.ps){width=\"3in\"}\n\nSimilarly, Fig.", " \\[fig:quad\\] shows the $Q^2$ dependence for the accuracies of the traditional quadrupole estimators using MAID2003 $p\\pi^0$ multipole amplitudes for $W=1.232$ GeV. Solid curves use $\\epsilon=0$, corresponding to Rosenbluth separation, while dashed curves use $\\epsilon = 0.9$, typical of many experiments. ", "Even with Rosenbluth separation, neither quadrupole estimator can be trusted to better than about $20\\%$ and their accuracy deteriorates at larger $Q^2$ as $M_{1+}$ dominance breaks down. ", "Therefore, truncation errors can seriously affect the $Q^2$ dependence of quadrupole amplitudes deduced from Legendre coefficients. ", "The most extensive recent study of $p\\pi^0$ quadrupole ratios for $0.4 \\leq Q^2 \\leq 1.8$ (GeV/$c$)$^2$ used Eq. (", "\\[eq:estimators\\]) without Rosenbluth separation [@Joo02]. ", "We do not advocate adjustment of such results using Fig.", " \\[fig:quad\\], at least at this time, because the shapes of $f_{EM}$ and $f_{SM}$ are model dependent and MAID2003 does not describe all of the low-lying multipole amplitudes at $Q^2 = 1$ (GeV/$c$)$^2$ from Ref. [", "@Kelly05d] sufficiently well to be confident of its predictions for the $Q^2$ dependencies of these ratios. ", "Instead, we claim that accurate measurements of the quadrupole ratios require multipole analysis of both polarization and cross section data.", "\n\n![", "Accuracy of traditional quadrupole estimators for $p\\pi^0$ at $W=1.232$ GeV using MAID2003 multipoles. ", "Solid curves use $\\epsilon=0$ and dashed curves use $\\epsilon=0.9$.[]{data-label=\"fig:quad\"}](quad.ps){width=\"3in\"}\n\nFinally, other simple estimators\n\n\\[eq:more\\] $$\\begin{aligned}\n{{\\rm{Re}}}E_{0+}M_{1+}^* &\\approx& A_1^T / 2 \\\\\n{{\\rm{Re}}}S_{0+}M_{1+}^* &\\approx& A_0^{LT} \\\\\n{{\\rm{Re}}}M_{1-}M_{1+}^* &\\approx& -(2 A_0^T + 2 A_0^{TT} + A_2^T)/8 \\end{aligned}$$\n\nbased upon $M_{1+}$ dominance and $sp$ truncation are sometimes quoted [@Joo02; @Burkert04]. ", "Note that Rosenbluth separation is required. ", "However, using MAID2003 $p\\pi^0$ multipoles at $(W,Q^2)=(1.232,1.0)$ with $\\ell \\leq 5$, the ratios between the right- and left-hand sides of Eq. (", "\\[eq:more\\]) are $1.74$, $-0.77$, and $9.75$. Most notably, the numerical contribution of ${{\\rm{Re}}}M_{1-}M_{1+}^*$ is only the fifth largest term in the multipole expansion of the specified combination of Legendre coefficients. ", "Therefore, these estimators are worthless under these conditions.", "\n\nIn summary, we have performed a detailed numerical analysis of truncation errors in quadrupole ratios deduced from Legendre coefficients fit to cross section angular distributions. ", "We find that neither $M_{1+}$ dominance nor $sp$ truncation is reliable and that one cannot expect better than $20\\%$ accuracy from this method. ", "Truncation errors are especially important for $R_{EM}$. Furthermore, accurate results for $R_{EM}$ also require Rosenbluth separation, which was not performed in recent studies of the $Q^2$ dependence of the quadrupole ratios. ", "The accuracy of truncated Legendre analyses of $E_{0+}$, $S_{0+}$, and especially $M_{1-}$ is even worse. ", "Polarization data for pion electroproduction are needed to perform nearly model-independent multipole analyses that provide complex amplitudes and do not depend upon unjustifiable truncation schemes.", "\n\nThe support of the U.S. National Science Foundation under grant PHY-0140010 is gratefully acknowledged.", "\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "ArXiv" }

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[ "Sports Personality of the year 2010 front-runners\n\nWith Europe winning the Ryder Cup in one of the great sporting moments of the year, the debate over who will win this year's BBC Sports Personality of the Year award has been blown wide open once again.", "\n\nAn action packed nine months of sport in 2010 means there is a whole host of potential candidates in the frame - across a wide range of sports.", "\n\nBased on the bookmakers' favourites, BBC Sport takes a look at some of the sports stars who could find themselves in with a chance of being crowned Sports Personality of the Year in December.", "\n\n(in alphabetical order)\n\nMARK CAVENDISH - CYCLING\n\nCavendish came fourth in the 2009 Sports Personality vote\n\nAfter a slow start to the season which was hindered by injury the 'Manx Missile' found his form when it counted with five stage wins in the Tour de France.", "\n\nCavendish followed that up by winning the points jersey at the Tour of Spain in September, becoming the first Briton in 21 years to earn the sprinters' title at a Grand Tour.", "\n\nOnce again Cavendish has proved he is the world's greatest sprinter on the road and while the Tour de France green jersey still eludes him, the 25-year-old looks primed for continued success.", "\n\nSPOTY verdict: Cavendish came fourth at Sports Personality of the Year in 2009 and he could race his way into the top 10 again this year.", "\n\nTOM DALEY - DIVING\n\nDaley won two gold medals at the Commonwealth Games\n\nAfter a frustrating injury-plagued start to the season, Daley came back in dramatic fashion to win double-gold at the Commonwealth Games in Delhi.", "\n\nThe 16-year-old, together with team mate Max Brick, won gold in the synchronised 10m platform competition.", "\n\nA day later he held his nerve to defeat Olympic champion Matthew Mitcham to take 10m individual gold.", "\n\nSPOTY verdict: Once again Daley has proved he is one of Britain's brightest prospects for 2012 and looks set to turn his dreams of Olympic gold into reality.", "\n\nJESSICA ENNIS - HEPTATHLON\n\nHow Ennis won European heptathlon gold\n\nGreat Britain's golden girl was at it again in 2010 winning European heptathlon gold after dominating in Barcelona.", "\n\nThe 24-year-old, who captained the British team at the Aviva International Match in Glasgow in January, showed her class leading from the front and outpacing Olympic champion Nataliya Dobrynska in the final event, the 800m.\n\nEnnis will not compete again in 2010 as she focuses firmly on the 2011 World Championships and the London Olympics in 2012.", "\n\nSPOTY verdict: Ennis came third at the 2009 Sports Personality awards, held in her home city of Sheffield and could be a threat once again.", "\n\nMO FARAH - ATHLETICS\n\nFarah had the best season of his career in 2010\n\nFarah finally came of age in 2010 when he stormed to gold for Great Britain in both the 5,000m and 10,000m at the European Championships in Barcelona.", "\n\nThe 27-year-old set a new British road record for the 10k in May and he also became the first Briton to run under 13 minutes over 5,000m when he shattered David Moorcroft's 28-year-old record at the Diamond League meeting in Zurich.", "\n\nFarah announced his withdrawal from the 2010 Commonwealth Games because of fatigue but much will be expected of the Somalia-born athlete next year after this stunning season.", "\n\nSPOTY verdict: Mo Farah is undoubtedly one of this year's success stories and the distance runner could cap his year off in style at SPOTY.", "\n\nLEWIS HAMILTON - FORMULA 1\n\nHamilton was spoty runner up in Liverpool in 2008\n\nAs Formula 1 hurtles towards a potential five-way fight for the championship it is Hamilton who leads the British charge in his McLaren, trailing Ferrari's Fernando Alonso and Red Bull's Mark Webber.", "\n\nHamilton, the 2008 world champion, has once again thrilled F1 fans with his exciting brand of driving, backed up by his irrepressible spirit.", "\n\nThe 2010 championship remains within his reach as he holds off fellow Briton and team-mate Jenson Button but the race for the title promises to go right to the final race in Abu Dhabi on 14 November.", "\n\nSPOTY verdict: Hamilton was SPOTY runner up in 2008 and a second F1 world championship win this year could see him race into contention in Birmingham in December.", "\n\nAP MCCOY - HORSE RACING\n\nDon't Push It wins the Grand National\n\nMcCoy, one of the greatest jump jockeys horse racing has ever seen, finally won the Grand National at his 15th attempt on Don't Push It this year.", "\n\nThe Northern Irishman has been jump racing's champion jockey every year since 1995/96 and has ridden over 3000 winners in his glittering career.", "\n\nHis victory at Aintree in April prompted a flood of emotion with trainer Jonjo O'Neill and racehorse owner JP McManus hailing the magnificent McCoy whose CV now finally includes winning the world's most famous horse race.", "\n\nSPOTY verdict: McCoy has never won SPOTY but was third in 2002 and has been one of the bookies' favourites this year ever since his Grand National triumph.", "\n\nGRAEME MCDOWELL - GOLF\n\nMcDowell capped a fine year with Ryder Cup success\n\nMcDowell became Europe's first US Open champion for 40 years when he clinched his maiden major title in impressive fashion at Pebble Beach.", "\n\nThe Northern Irishman's victory also made him the first player from the United Kingdom to win a major since Paul Lawrie triumphed in the Open at Carnoustie in 1999.", "\n\nTo cap off a stunning year, McDowell won the final singles match at the Ryder Cup earning the point which won back the trophy for Europe.", "\n\nSPOTY verdict: McDowell has had an incredible year which could thrust him into SPOTY contention.", "\n\nPHIL TAYLOR - DARTS\n\nTaylor has dominated darts winning 15 world titles\n\nTaylor, 50, has had a stunning year, even by his own high standards, winning the World Championship, the European Championships, the Premier League, the UK Open and the World Matchplay.", "\n\nThe world number one, a 15-time world champion, thrilled fans when he hit two nine-dart finishes on his way to winning the Premier League title for a fifth time in May.\n\nAnd the Stoke-on-Trent star continues to lead the way in darts with an unflinching consistency which has made him the greatest player of all time.", "\n\nSPOTY verdict: Taylor's trophy cabinet is groaning under the weight of his achievements and his stunning year could yield a chance to take another trophy.", "\n\nLEE WESTWOOD - GOLF\n\nWestwood has finished second in two majors this year\n\nWestwood has been simply superb this year, becoming world number one for the first time as he ended American Tiger Woods's 281-week reign at the top of the golf rankings.", "\n\nThe Nottinghamshire golferearned a career-best second place at the 2010 Masters Tournament and second place at the 2010 Open Championship as he consistently proved he can mix it with the world's finest players.", "\n\nAt the Ryder Cup Westwood was immense, leading by example and the 37-year-old could yet finish the year as the number one golfer in the world.", "\n\nSPOTY verdict: Westwood has proved he is one of the best golfers in the world and a potential SPOTY top 10 contender.", "\n\nAMY WILLIAMS - SKELETON BOBSLEIGH\n\nGB's Williams slides to Skeleton gold\n\nWhat a year for Amy Williams, previously little known outside of her own sport, she won Britain's first solo Winter Olympics gold medal for 30 years with victory in the women's skeleton and subsequently became a star.", "\n\nThe Bath slider won Britain's only medal of the Winter Olympics in Vancouver, despite having no full skeleton track to train on in her home country.", "\n\nMany accolades followed the gold medal for Williams, who was appointed an MBE in the Queen's Birthday Honours and also became the first woman to be made a freeman of the City of Bath.", "\n\nSPOTY verdict: Williams was the British star of the Winter Olympics and could shine brightly at SPOTY in December.", "\n\nOTHERS IN THE FRAME\n\nWith three months still to go until Sports Personality of the Year there are plenty of other in with a chance of staking their claim for a place in the top 10 contenders list.", "\n\nGymnastic star Beth Tweddle recaptured her uneven bars title at the World Championships in Rotterdam after a stunning routine earned the three-time world gymnastics champion a score of 15.733 points.", "\n\nTweddle, 25, had said in 2007 that she planned to quit the sport in 2009 and would \"be a spectator in 2012\" - but she is now determined to carry on, which can only be good news for the Olympics in London.", "\n\nAndy Murray says he needs to get physically stronger and improve his game if he is to challenge world number one Rafael Nadal. ", "The Scot started the year by making the final of the Autralian Open only to fall to Roger Federer.", "\n\nAfter being knocked out in the fourth round at the French Open, Murray reached the Wimbledon semi-final but was stopped by Nadal.", "\n\nA surprise defeat in the third round of the US Open means Murray will finish the year without a slam but he could still win the season-ending ATP World Tour Finals in London.", "\n\nSwann has been one of England's stand-out performers this year\n\nAmongst England's many successful cricketers in 2010, Graeme Swann has stood out and the spin bowler was shortlisted for the International Cricket Council's Cricketer of the Year award.", "\n\nThe Nottinghamshire player has already won the England and Wales Cricket Board's Men's Cricketer of the Year award, which is selected by the British media and remains England's major threat for the Ashes series against Australia late this year.", "\n\nWBA world heavyweight champion David Haye stopped American John Ruiz at the MEN Arena in April in his first title defence. ", "The Haymaker takes on fellow Briton Audley Harrison on 13 November with a win likely to put his name in the SPOTY frame.", "\n\nAnd in Formula 1 a strong end to the season could yet see Jenson Button, runner-up at last year's Sports Personality, overtake his McLaren team-mate Lewis Hamilton in the drivers standings and the SPOTY race.", "\n\nThis page is best viewed in an up-to-date web browser with style sheets (CSS) enabled. ", "While you will be able to view the content of this page in your current browser, you will not be able to get the full visual experience. ", "Please consider upgrading your browser software or enabling style sheets (CSS) if you are able to do so." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

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[ "Jun 06, 2018 at 14:19 // News\n\nCoin Idol Author\n\nA new initial coin offering (ICO) promoted by ASKfm, one of the largest social networks in the world, has gathered negative popularity, as a Sherpa is considered dead after the company’s advertisement trip to Mount Everest, cnet.com reported on June 4.", "\n\nThe event took place on May 14, when three Ukrainian climbers and two Sherpas climbed Mount Everest as a part of a stunt to promote a new cryptocurrency ASKT. ", "The group had to bring on the top of the mount two crypto wallets, both containing 500,000 virtual coins (~$50,000). ", "However, they left only one wallet buried on the peak, another was going to be raffle off to whitelisted members of the ICO.", "\n\nThe idea to create a stunt was spawned by popular internet memes devoted to the financial technology. “", "To the moon” has become a very common belief among crypto trading societies, assuming that prices will drastically increase and traders will become amazingly rich.", "\n\nInspired by the idea, ASKfm decided to give investors, willing to buy its crypto coins, an opportunity to take part in the fintech pre-sale. ", "Simultaneously, to promote the ICO, the company sent people to Mount Everest.", "\n\nUnfortunately , the expedition to the summit of the highest mount in the world ended in tragedy. ", "Lam Babu Sherpa, who accompanied the team, is presumed dead, as he allegedly was left behind on the mountain during the descent. ", "However, the press release , published on May 17 by ASKfm, contain no single mention about the incident." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }

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[ "HIV-related thrombocytopenic purpura: a study of 24 cases.", "\nIn this paper we review our experience with HIV-related thrombocytopenic purpura (TP) in 24 patients seen from October, 1985 through April, 1988: the median follow-up was 16 months (range 3-32). ", "All patients belonged to risk groups for AIDS and intravenous drug abusers represented 83% of the entire cohort. ", "The male/female ratio was 4, and most of the patients were Walter Reed stage 3. ", "The mean value of platelets at diagnosis was 33 x 10(9)/liter (range 6-120), and half of the patients had severe thrombocytopenia with hemorrhagic symptoms. ", "Anemia and/or neutropenia were concomitant with TP in 21% and 17% of cases; four cases had pancytopenia. ", "Marrow pictures showed megakaryocytic hyperplasia in 68% of cases; myelodysplasia or hypoplasia were observed in 14% and 18% of patients, respectively; lymphoid aggregates were present in two cases. ", "Antiplatelet antibodies and circulating immune complexes were detected in 40% and 50% of cases, and the mean T4/T8 ratio was 0.9 (range 0.4-1.8). ", "Half of the patients did not require specific therapy due to lack of bleeding; however no spontaneous reversions to normal platelet values occurred. ", "The response to steroids and to immunoglobulins (either high-dose or anti-D) was good but temporary, and required maintenance therapy. ", "The 2-year actuarial risk of evolution into overt AIDS was 30%, with a crude rate of 4 cases over 365 person-months at risk. ", "The events which determined AIDS were opportunistic infections in two cases, Kaposi's sarcoma and malignant lymphoma in the other two. ", "A comparison with the features of idiopathic TP is made and hypotheses regarding the pathogenetic mechanisms are discussed." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "<?", "php\n\nreturn [\n /*\n |--------------------------------------------------------------------------\n | Authentication Language Lines\n |--------------------------------------------------------------------------\n |\n | The following language lines are used during authentication for various\n | messages that we need to display to the user. ", "You are free to modify\n | these language lines according to your application's requirements.", "\n |\n */\n\n 'failed' => 'Brukarnamn og/eller passord er feil.',", "\n 'throttle' => 'For mange innloggingsforsøk. ", "Ver venleg og prøv på nytt om :seconds sekund.',", "\n];\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

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[ "Transcriptional upregulation of myelin components in spontaneous myelin basic protein-deficient mice.", "\nMyelin is essential for efficient signal transduction in the nervous system comprising of multiple proteins. ", "The intricacies of the regulation of the formation of myelin, and its components, are not fully understood. ", "Here, we describe the characterization of a novel myelin basic protein (Mbp) mutant mouse, mbp(jive), which spontaneously occurred in our mouse colony. ", "These mice displayed the onset of a shaking gait before 3 weeks of age and seizure onset before 2 months of age. ", "Due to a progressive increase of seizure intensity, mbp(jive) mice experienced premature lethality at around 3 months of age. ", "Mbp mRNA transcript or protein was undetectable and, accordingly, genetic analysis demonstrated a homozygous loss of exons 3 to 6 of Mbp. ", "Peripheral nerve conductance was mostly unimpaired. ", "Additionally, we observed grave structural changes in white matter predominant structures were detected by T1, T2 and diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging. ", "We additionally observed that Mbp-deficiency results in an upregulation of Qkl, Mag and Cnp, suggestive of a regulatory feedback mechanism whereby compensatory increases in Qkl have downstream effects on Mag and Cnp. ", "Further research will clarify the role and specifications of this myelin feedback loop, as well as determine its potential role in therapeutic strategies for demyelinating disorders." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "---\nabstract: 'The edge excitations and related topological orders of correlated states of a fast rotating Bose gas are studied. ", "Using exact diagonalization of small systems, we compute the energies and number of edge excitations, as well as the boson occupancy near the edge for various states. ", "The chiral Luttinger-liquid theory of Wen is found to be a good description of the edges of the bosonic Laughlin and other states identified as members of the principal Jain sequence for bosons. ", "However, we find that in a harmonic trap the edge of the state identified as the Moore-Read (Pfaffian) state shows a number of anomalies. ", "An experimental way of detecting these correlated states is also discussed.'", "\nauthor:\n- 'M. A. Cazalilla'\n- 'N. Barberán'\n- 'N. R. Cooper'\ntitle: Edge excitations and Topological orders in rotating Bose gases\n---\n\nIt has been argued [@WG00; @CWG01; @B04] that quantum fluctuations can destroy a Bose-Einstein condensate if it rotates very fast. ", "Since large amounts of angular momentum can be imparted to a cold atomic gas, experimentalists have been able to create systems with a large number of vortices, $N_v$ [@SC04; @Bt04; @B04]. ", "Thus, the question of what happens when $N_v$ eventually becomes comparable to the number of particles, $N$, has been raised [@WG00; @CWG01]. ", "In  [@CWG01], it was shown that for $\\nu = N/N_v \\sim 10$, the BEC and the Abrikosov vortex lattice are destroyed and replaced by a series of “vortex liquid” states, some of which are *incompressible* and exhibit good overlap with bosonic versions of wavefunctions known from fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE).", "\n\nGood overlap is usually a strong indication that some of the correlations of a state obtained from exact diagonalization are captured by a model wavefunction. ", "However, Wen [@W95] has emphasized that FQHE states possess a new type of *quantum* order, which he dubbed ‘topological order’, that provides a better way to classify them. ", "In a deep sense, topological order can be regarded as a measure of the quantum entanglement existing between the particles in a correlated quantum Hall (QH) state [@W02].", "\n\nIn this paper we study the topological order of the vortex liquids as reflected in their edge properties [@W95]. *", "In the rotating frame*, edge excitations are the low-lying excitations of the vortex liquid [@C03] and, contrary to the ground states [@WC99; @WG00; @CWG01; @RJ03], so far they have received little attention. ", "Based on the strong similarities with electron FQHE physics, chiral Luttinger liquids [@W92] and similar edge excitations [@W95] are expected, but an explicit demonstration is lacking for a harmonically confined gas of bosons under rotation. ", "This is provided here by numerically diagonalizing the Hamiltonian of small systems.", "\n\nThe topological order can be studied at the edge of fairly small droplets of QH liquid [@W92; @W95; @ZPM96]. ", "In what follows, we shall focus on three types of states that have been identified in previous works on small droplets [@WC99; @WG00]. ", "In the high angular momentum end, we study the edge properties of the Laughlin state (corresponding to a bulk filling fraction $\\nu = \\frac{1}{2}$). ", "By decreasing the total angular momentum, we come across the compact composite-fermion states discussed in Ref.", " [@WC99]. ", "Amongst these states, we find evidence for the topological order (and related edge structures) that correspond to bulk states with filling fractions $\\nu = \\frac{2}{3}$ and $\\nu = \\frac{3}{4}$ of the principal Jain sequence. ", "At even lower angular momentum, we study the edge properties of the state identified[@WG00] as the finite-sized Moore-Read (or Pfaffian) state[@MR91] ($\\nu=1$). ", "We observe a number of anomalies that persist up to the largest sizes studied here ($N = 13$). ", "The bulk properties of the states at these filling fractions have also been studied in exact diagonalizations in edgeless geometries [@CWG01; @RJ03] which have established their interpretation in terms of the Laughlin ($\\nu=1/2$), composite fermion ($\\nu=2/3,3/4$) and Moore-Read ($\\nu=1$) states. ", "For the latter, calculations on the sphere [@RJ03] and on the torus [@CWG01] found the correct shift and ground state degeneracy (which are also consequence of the topological order [@W95]).", "\n\nAn ultracold gas that rotates rapidly in a cylindrically symmetric harmonic trap acquires a pancake shape and eventually becomes quasi two-dimensional (2D) when the chemical potential $\\mu < \\hbar \\omega_{||}$, where $\\omega_{||}$ is the axial trapping frequency [@Ho01]. ", "Furthermore, the Coriolis force acts as an effective Lorentz force, which in a quasi-2D system leads to Landau levels (LL’s) separated by an energy $ 2 \\hbar \\omega_{\\perp}$ [@Ho01]. ", "For $\\mu < 2\\hbar \\omega_{\\perp}$, all atoms lie in the lowest Landau level (LLL), and the total single-particle energy is proportional (up to a constant) to the angular momentum. ", "Here we shall be interested in this limit, which has been already achieved in the experiments [@SC04]. ", "In the rotating frame, the Hamiltonian (relative to the zero-point energy) is: $$H_{\\rm LLL} = T + U_2 = \\hbar (\\omega_{\\perp}-\\Omega) L + \ng \\sum_{i< j} \\delta({\\bf r}_i - {\\bf r}_j), \\label{ham}$$ $\\hbar L$ being the total axial angular momentum and $g = \\sqrt{8\\pi} \\hbar \\omega_{\\perp} (a_s/\\ell_{||}) \\ell^2$ the effective coupling for a gas harmonically confined to two dimensions ($a_s < \\ell_{||}$ being the scattering length that characterizes the atom-atom interaction in 3D, $\\ell_{||} = \\sqrt{\\hbar/M\\omega_{||}}$ the axial oscillator length, and $\\ell = \\sqrt{\\hbar/M\\omega_{\\perp}}$, $M$ being the atom mass).", "\n\n[**Laughlin state:**]{} For $L = L_0 = N(N-1)$, the ground state of $H_{\\rm LLL}$ is [@WG00; @WC99; @C03]: $$\\Phi_0(z_1, \\ldots, z_N) = \\big\\{\\prod_{i< j} (z_i - z_j)^2 \\big\\} \\: e^{-\\sum_{i=1}^{N} |z_i|^2/2},$$ where $z_j \\equiv (x_j + i\\: y_j)/\\ell$. This wavefunction vanishes when any two particles coincide and therefore $U_2 |\\Phi_0\\rangle = 0$. This property is maintained if it is multiplied by an arbitrary symmetric polynomial of the $z_i$. Edge excitations of the above state are generated [@W92; @C03] by elementary symmetric polynomials of the form $s_m = \\sum_{i_1 < i_2 < \\cdots < i_m} z_{i_1} z_{i_2} \\cdots z_{i_m}$. Thus, $L$ is increased by $m$ units and, according to (\\[ham\\]), the excitation energy is $\\hbar (\\omega_{\\perp} - \\Omega) m$. In the rotating frame, the edge excitations are the lowest energy excitations of a rotating Bose-gas in the Laughlin state [@C03]. ", "Their degeneracy for $L = L_0 + m$ is given by the number of distinct ways $m$ can be written as a sum of smaller non-negative integers (*i.e.* partitions of $m$, $p(m)$). ", "For example, for $m = 4$ there are five degenerate states: $(s_4, s_3s_1, (s_2)^2, s_2 (s_1)^2,\n(s_1)^4 ) \\times \\Phi_0$. The properties of these wavefunctions are captured by an effective field theory [@W92; @W95; @C03], which treats these excitations as a non-interacting phonon system with Hamiltonian $H_{\\rm edge} = \\hbar (\\omega_{\\perp} - \\Omega) L $, where $L = L_0 + \\sum_{m > 0} m \\: b^{\\dag}_m b_m$, and $[b_m, b^{\\dag}_n] = \\delta_{mn}$, commuting otherwise. ", "Hence, the number of edge states (NoS) for a given $m$ can be obtained from a generating (or partition) function: $\nZ(q) = {\\rm Tr} \\: q^{L-L_0} \\, = \\prod_{m>0} ( 1 - q^m)^{-1} = \\sum_{m>0} p(m) q^m$. In table \\[table1\\], we compare the theoretical NoS ($N \\to \\infty$) with the numerical results, finding excellent agreement for $m \\le N$. The deviations are due to finite-size effects and can be accounted by a ‘truncated’ function $Z^N(q)$, where the product is restricted to $0 < m \\le N$.\n\n $m = L - L_0$ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6\n ------------------------------------------------- --- --- ---- ----------- ---- ---- ----\n Laughlin ($N = 5, \\, L = 20$) 1 1 2 3 5 7 10\n Laughlin ($N = 6, \\, L = 30$) 1 1 2 3 5 7 11\n Laughlin ($N\\to \\infty$) 1 1 2 3 5 7 11\n $\\{4,2\\}$ CF ($N =6, \\, L = 20$) 1 2 5 8 \n $\\{5,2\\}$ CF ($N = 7,\\, L = 30 $) 1 2 5 9 15 \n Jain $\\nu = \\frac{2}{3}$ ($N\\to \\infty$) 1 2 5 10 20 36 65\n Moore-Read ($\\lambda = 0$, $ N = 8, \\, L = 24$) 1 1 3 5 10 15 \n Moore-Read ($\\lambda = 0$, even $N \\to \\infty$) 1 1 3 5 10 16 28\n Moore-Read ($\\lambda = 1$, $N = 12, \\, L = 60$) 1 4 10 21 \n Moore-Read ($\\lambda = 0$, $N = 7, \\, L = 18$) 1 2 4 7 12 \n Moore-Read ($\\lambda = 0$, odd $N \\to \\infty$) 1 2 4 7 13 21 35\n Moore-Read ($\\lambda = 1$, $N = 13, \\, L = 72$) 1 6 14 $\\geq 20$ \n\n : Number of edge states (NoS) vs. excitation angular momentum $m$. In the data for the Moore-Read (Pfaffian) state $\\lambda = 0$ for a *pure* three-body interaction and $\\lambda = 1$ for a *pure* two-body interaction. ", "\\[table1\\]\n\nAnother prediction of the theory [@C03; @W92] is the form of the groundstate boson occupancy, $n(l)$, just below the highest occupied orbital, $l_{\\rm max} = 2(N-1)$. The following ratios of $n(l)/n(l_{\\rm max})$ are predicted: $1:2:3:4$ for $l = l_{\\rm max}, \\ldots, l_{\\rm max} - 3$. For $N = 7$ bosons in the Laughlin state, we find $1.0: 2.0 : 2.9 : 3.5$, which is in good agreement with the theory given that its validity is limited to $l_{\\rm max} - l \\lesssim \\sqrt{N} \\sim 3$ [@W92]. ", "Similar agreement was found for the fermion Laughlin state in Ref.", " [@W92].", "\n\n![", "Spectrum of the state $L = 30$ with $N = 7$. The gap $\\Delta = 0.091\\: g/\\ell^2$. Below the gap, we observe two phonon branches along with their multiphonon excitations. ", "\\[fig1\\]](fig1edge.eps){width=\"\\columnwidth\"}\n\n[**Principal Jain sequence**]{}: The incompressibility of the Laughlin droplet can be regarded as a consequence of a statistical transmutation: at large $N_v$, a boson binds one vortex and becomes a composite object (called composite fermion, CF) [@WC99] that behaves as a *spinless* fermion. ", "In a Laughlin droplet, the CF’s fill up the $N$ lowest angular momentum orbitals in the LLL. ", "Compressing the droplet and therefore decreasing $L$ requires promoting CF’s to higher LL’s and costs a finite amount of energy. ", "Thus, states with lower angular momentum will contain CF’s in higher CF LL’s, and this leads to the ansatz: $$\\Phi(z_{1},\\ldots,z_N) = {\\cal P} \\big[\\prod_{i<j} (z_{i} - z_{j} ) \\: \\Phi_{\\rm CF}^{[\\{ N_i\\} ]} ({\\bf r}_1,\\ldots, {\\bf r}_N)\\big].", "\n\\label{CF}$$ where ${\\cal P}$ projects onto the LLL [@WC99], and $\\Phi_{CF}^{[\\{N_i\\}]}$ is a Slater determinant with $\\{N_i\\}_{i=1}^p$ CF’s filling the lowest angular momentum orbitals of $p \\ge 1$ CF LL’s and $L = L_0 = N(N-1)/2 + \n\\sum_{i=0}^{p-1} N_i (N_i - (2i+1))/2$ ($N_0 = N$ and $N_i = 0$ for $i > 0$ in the Laughlin state). ", "In what follows, we focus on the CF states $\\{4,2\\}$ and $\\{5, 2\\}$, which have been shown [@WC99] to have good overlap with the exact states at $L_0 = 20$ ($N = 6$) and $L_0 = 30$ ($N = 7$), respectively. ", "For a relatively large range of $L-L_0 > 0$ ($3$ for $\\{4,2\\}$ and $4$ for $\\{5,2\\}$) the lowest energy state is a centre-of-mass excitation of the state at $L=L_0$, and the interaction energy is unchanged. ", "Edge excitations are those states with energy lower than the bulk gap ($\\Delta$, cf. ", "Fig.", " \\[fig1\\]) [@ZPM96]. ", "According to [@W92; @C03], these states exhibit two branches of edge phonons described by: $$H_{\\rm edge} = E_0 + \\sum_{m>0} \\hbar \\left[\\omega^{(b)}_m \\: b^{\\dag}_m b_m \n+ \\omega^{(d)}_m \\: d^{\\dag}_m d_m \\right],~\\label{ham2}$$ and $L = L_0 + \\sum_{m > 0} m \\left[ b^{\\dag}_m b_m + d^{\\dag}_m d_m \\right]$, with $[d_m, d^{\\dag}_n] = [b_m, b^{\\dag}_n] = \\delta_{nm}$, commuting otherwise. ", "Note that the edge excitations are not degenerate in energy. ", "However, one can still compute the NoS from $Z(q) = {\\rm Tr} \\: q^{L-L_0} = \\prod_{m > 0} (1 - q^m)^{-2}$. In table \\[table1\\] we compare the numerical results to the theoretical predictions for the NoS, finding perfect agreement for $m= 1,2$. For higher $m$ the results are affected by finite-size effects. ", "However, in the state $\\{5,2\\}$ the NoS for $m=3$ is quite close to its $N\\to \\infty$ value, and therefore we concentrate on this state for further analysis. ", "We next try to reproduce the energies of the sixteen edge states of $\\{5,2\\}$ from $m = 1$ to $3$ using $\\omega^{(b)}_{m=2}$ and $\\omega^{(d)}_{m=1,2}$ as the only fitting parameters ($\\omega^{(b)}_1$ has only a kinetic energy contribution by Kohn’s theorem [@C03]). ", "The interaction part of $\\hbar \\omega^{(d)}_1$ can be extracted from the $m = 1$ data: $\\hbar \\omega^{(d)}_1 = 0.015 \\, g/\\ell^2$. For $m=2$, there are the five following states: $2^{-1/2} \\: (b^{\\dag}_1)^2|0\\rangle$, $b^{\\dag}_2 | 0\\rangle$, $d^{\\dag}_1 b^{\\dag}_1 | 0\\rangle$, $2^{-1/2} \\: (d^{\\dag}_1)^2|0\\rangle$, $d^{\\dag}_2|0\\rangle$, whose energies can be obtained from Eq.", " (\\[ham2\\]). ", "For $m =3$ the states and energies can be written down in a similar fashion. ", "The comparison with numerics for $m = 2,3$ is given in table \\[table2\\]. ", "Thus, these states are good representatives of the topological order of the filling $\\nu = \\frac{2}{3}$ from the principal Jain sequence for bosons [@W95; @C03].", "\n\n state $\\#$ $m=2$ (th.) ", " $m=3$ (th.) ", " state $\\#$ $m=3$ (th.)", "\n ------------ ---------------------------------- -------------------------------- ------------ -------------------------------------\n 1 0 (0) 0 (0) 6 0.034 (0.030)\n 2 0.002 ($\\hbar \\omega^{(b)}_2$) 0.002 (0.002) 7 0.047 (0.045)\n 3 0.015 (0.015) 0.006 ($\\hbar \\omega^{(b)}_3$) 8 0.069 (0.069)\n 4 0.034 (0.030) 0.015 (0.015) 9 0.088 (0.084)\n 5 0.069 ($\\hbar \\omega^{(d)}_{2}$) 0.020 (0.017) 10 ($\\hbar \\omega^{(d)}_3 \\ge \\Delta$)\n\n : Interaction energies (in units of $g/\\ell^2$) of the edge excitations of the $\\{5,2\\}$ state ($N = 7, \\, L = 30$, see Fig.", " \\[fig1\\]). ", "The predictions for multiphonon states are given in brackets. ", "Deviations are due to non-linear terms not included in Eq.", " (\\[ham2\\]). ", "\\[table2\\]\n\nFinally, we also find evidence (to be reported elsewhere [@unpub]) for the edge structures (three phonon branches) corresponding to $\\nu = \\frac{3}{4}$. However, the NoS for $m > 1$ is affected by finite-size effects for $N= 6,\\, 7$. [**Moore-Read (MR) or Pfaffian state:**]{} Ground states of CF’s with lower angular momentum are obtained by placing CF’s in higher effective LL’s. ", "Eventually, when the number of occupied levels $p \\to +\\infty$, the CF’s would not feel any effective Coriolis force and the resulting state should be compressible. ", "However, in such a state the CF’s can pair and condense into a BCS state, which would render the state incompressible again [@RG00]. ", "Since CF’s are spinless, the pairing takes place in $p$-wave and the BCS wavefunction is a Pfaffian [@RG00; @MR91], which must be multiplied by $\\prod_{i<j}(z_i-z_j)$ to yield a bosonic wavefunction: $$\\Phi_{\\rm MR} = \\prod_{i<j}(z_i-z_j) \\, {\\cal A} \\left[\\frac{1}{z_1-z_2}\n \\cdots \\frac{1}{z_{N-1} - z_{N}}\\right],\\label{MR}$$ where $\\cal A$ stands for anti-symmetrization (see *e.g.* Refs.", " [@MiR96; @WG00]) of the bracketed product, which is the Moore-Read (MR) wavefunction[@MR91]. ", "Soon after the MR state was introduced, it was pointed out [@GWW91] that it is a zero interaction-energy eigenstate of a three-body potential, $U_3 = g_3 \\sum_{i<j<k} \\delta({\\bf r}_i-{\\bf r}_j)\n\\delta({\\bf r}_i-{\\bf r}_k)$. Thus, it is convenient to work with a modified Hamiltonian: $H^{\\prime}_{\\rm LLL} = T + \\lambda U_2 + (1-\\lambda) U_3$, so that for $\\lambda = 0$ the ground state at angular momentum $L^{\\rm MR}_0 = N(N-2)/2$ (even $N$) or $L^{\\rm MR}_0 = (N-1)^2/2$ (odd $N$) is *exactly* the MR state. ", "Indeed, this modification is not entirely artificial as one of us has recently shown that MR can become exact near a Feshbach resonance [@C04].", "\n\nFor the *exact* MR state (*i.e.* $\\lambda = 0$) besides the polynomials $s_m$ introduced above, Wen [@W95], and Milovanovic and Read [@MiR96] found a branch of fermionic edge excitations which are generated by replacing the Pfaffian in $\\Phi_{\\rm MR}$ by ${\\cal A} \\left[z^{n_1}_1\\cdots z^{n_F}_F \n(z_{F+1} - z_{F+2})^{-1}\\cdots (z_{N-1} - z_N)^{-1} \\right]$, where $n_{1}, \\ldots, n_F$ are non-negative integers. ", "Thus the angular momentum is increased by $L - L^{\\rm MR}_0 = \\sum_{k=1}^{F} \n\\left(n_k + \\frac{1}{2}\\right)$. This spectrum, together with the phonon branch related to $s_m$ is described [@W95] by $L = L^{\\rm MR}_0 + \\sum_{m > 0} \\left[ m \\:\nb^{\\dag}_m b_{m} + (m - \\frac{1}{2})\\: c^{\\dag}_{m-\\frac{1}{2}} c_{m-\\frac{1}{2}} \\right]$, where $b_m,\\, b^{\\dag}_m$ are the phonon operators, and the fermions $\\{c_{m-\\frac{1}{2}}, c^{\\dag}_{n-\\frac{1}{2}}\\} = \\delta_{mn}$, anti-commuting otherwise. ", "However, due to the paired nature of the state, even and odd $N$ are different. ", "For instance, to compute the NoS, one must define [@W95] $Z^{\\rm even}(q) = \\frac{1}{2} \n{\\rm Tr}\\: (1 + (-1)^F) q^{L-L_0}$ and $Z^{\\rm odd}(q) = \\frac{1}{2} {\\rm Tr}\\: (1 - (-1)^F) q^{L-L_0}$, since the parity $(-1)^F$, with $F = \\sum_{m>0} c^{\\dag}_{m-\\frac{1}{2}} c_{m-\\frac{1}{2}}$, is a good quantum number [@W95]. ", "The numerical results are compared with the NoS for $N\\to \\infty$ in table \\[table1\\]. ", "Perfect agreement is found for $m \\leq [N/2]$. Higher values of $m$ are shown to illustrate the effects of finite size; the observed differences from the $N\\to \\infty$ values can be also accounted for by the theory [@RPC]. ", "Furthermore, using the effective field theory [@unpub], we have also obtained the behavior of $n(l)$ near the edge. ", "For $N$ even the predicted ratios of $n(l)/n(l_{\\rm max})$, where $\\l_{\\rm max} = N-2$, are $1:2:3:\\ldots$ For $N = 8$, we numerically find $1.0:2.2:3.4$. However, for $N$ odd the ratios of $n(l \\le l_{\\rm max})/n(l_{\\rm max})$ ($l_{\\rm max} = N-1$) behave differently [@unpub]: $1:1:2:3$. For $N = 9$ we numerically find $1.0:1.0:2.5:4.1$, and the scaling observed from smaller systems shows a trend of convergence to the predicted ratios. ", "Although $n(l)$ had been analyzed in [@W95] for a fermion MR state, the different behavior of $n(l)$ for odd $N$ had not been described.", "\n\n![", "Orbital occupancy for the Moore-Read (or Pfaffian) state ($3$-body) and the eigenstate of the $2$-body interaction identified as the Pfaffian. ", "\\[fig2\\]](fig2edge.eps){width=\"\\columnwidth\"}\n\nAs soon as the two-body interaction is turned on, *i.e.* already for small $\\lambda > 0$, we observe that the *plateau* at $L > L^{\\rm MR}_0$ is lost for small $L-L_0^{\\rm MR}$. For pure two-body interaction ($\\lambda = 1$), the states at $L^{\\rm MR}_0 + 1$ for $N = 5, 9, 11, 13$ and at $L^{\\rm MR}_0 + 2$ for $N = 6, 7, 8, 10, 12$ have lower interaction energy than the ground state at $L^{MR}_0$. Thus, $U_2$ strongly perturbs the plateau of the exact MR state by favoring states with angular momenta of compact CF states. ", "If, regardless of this fact, one counts the number of states at $L > L^{\\rm MR}_{0}$ with interaction energies less than the first excited state at $L^{MR}_0$, the results do not seem to converge and disagree with the NoS expected for the MR state (see table \\[table1\\] for the observed NoS at $\\lambda = 1$ for $N = 12, 13$).We also observe a rapid deterioration of the overlap of the state at $L^{\\rm MR}_0$ with the exact MR state: from $0.91$ ($N=5$) and $0.90$ ($N=6$) to $0.68$ ($N=8$) and $0.74$ ($N=9$). ", "These discrepancies might be due to a very slow convergence as $N$ grows towards a well-defined bulk MR state. ", "However, we note that for very large $N$, local density arguments [@C05] show that the edge of the MR state will reconstruct. ", "The anomalies in the edge of the small systems observed here are striking in view of the good behavior exhibited by the Jain states, which are also approximate wavefunctions.", "\n\n[**Experimental consequences:**]{} It is possible to excite the surface modes by inducing a small time-dependent deformation of the harmonic trap. ", "Within linear response, the energy injected by an $m$-polar deformation is proportional to the oscillator strength $f_m = \\sum_{\\alpha} | \\langle L_0+m, \\alpha |O_m | L_0 \\rangle |^2$, ($O_m = \\sum^N_{i=1} z^m_i$), where $\\alpha$ runs over all edge excitations. ", "The theory predicts [@C03] $f_m = m \\nu R^{2m} $, where $R = \\sqrt{N/\\nu}$ is the droplet radius. ", "For the dipole, $f_1 = N$, as required by Kohn’s theorem [@C03], and confirmed by our numerics. ", "For the quadrupole ($m = 2$) $f_2 = 2 N^2/\\nu$. We have numerically tested the accuracy of this formula for the $m=2$ modes of the states in table \\[table1\\] (except the MR state at $\\lambda = 1$), finding that already for $N = 5,6$ the deviations are no larger than $7\\%$. This result suggests an experimental way of estimating the filling fraction, provided $f_2$ and $N$ (or $f_1$) can be measured: $\\nu^{-1}_{\\rm exp} = f_2/2 N^2$. More details will be provided elsewhere [@unpub].", "\n\nMAC thanks M. Greiter for a useful conversation and the department ECM of the *Universitat de Barcelona* for hospitality. ", "We are also grateful to N. Read for helpful correspondence. ", "Financial support from a *Gipuzkoa* fellowship (MAC) of the *Gipuzkoako Foru Aldundia* and grants (NB) no. ", "BFM2002-01868 from DGESIC (Spanish Goverment) and 2001SGR00064 (Generalitat de Catalunya) and (NRC) GR/S61263/01 (EPSRC) is gratefully acknowledged.", "\n\n[30]{} N. Wilkin and J. M. F. Gunn, Phys.", " Rev. Lett. [**", "84**]{}, 6 (2000). 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{ "pile_set_name": "ArXiv" }

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[ " 145, -n - y = -5*x + 2*n. ", "List the prime factors of x.\n5, 13\nLet w(c) = -c**3 - 12*c**2 - 2*c - 9. ", "Let h be w(-12). ", "Suppose -61 = -2*p - h. What are the prime factors of p?", "\n23\nLet f = 26 - 6. ", "Let o be ((-36)/f)/((-1)/5). ", "List the prime factors of o + 40 - (-3 + 0).", "\n2, 13\nLet t be 17/(255/50)*6/4. ", "What are the prime factors of (-321)/(-6) + t/(-10)?", "\n53\nSuppose -9*b + 4389 = 12*b. ", "What are the prime factors of b?", "\n11, 19\nLet x(i) = -2*i + 4*i - i. Let n be x(-6). ", "Let r(l) = l**3 + 7*l**2 + 2*l + 6. ", "List the prime factors of r(n).", "\n2, 3, 5\nLet s(n) = n**3 - 11*n**2 + 19*n - 7. ", "Let r be s(9). ", "Suppose -2*j - i + 100 = 0, -5*j + 237 = -r*i - 31. ", "List the prime factors of j.\n2, 13\nSuppose -5*s - 13*s + 9864 = 0. ", "What are the prime factors of s?", "\n2, 137\nWhat are the prime factors of 18/21 + 0 + 411102/189?", "\n2, 17\nLet b = 117 + 649. ", "List the prime factors of b.\n2, 383\nLet p = -1008 + 1463. ", "What are the prime factors of p?", "\n5, 7, 13\nSuppose 0 = 292*p - 297*p + 5620. ", "What are the prime factors of p?", "\n2, 281\nSuppose -2*r + 7*r = -2*d + 49, -86 = -4*d + 2*r. ", "Suppose k + 5*y - d = 0, -k + 5*y + 3 = 21. ", "List the prime factors of k.\n2\nList the prime factors of (1 + (-4950)/(-27))/((-4)/(-60)).", "\n5, 7, 79\nSuppose 2*h + 1295 + 716 = 3*t, 5*h = 2*t - 1348. ", "List the prime factors of t.\n3, 223\nLet c(l) be the third derivative of -3*l**4/8 - l**3 + 5*l**2. ", "Let p be c(-5). ", "Suppose -3*g = t - g - p, -3*t = 4*g - 115. ", "What are the prime factors of t?", "\n37\nLet g = -2 + 8. ", "Suppose -g*a - 113 = -7*a. ", "What are the prime factors of a?", "\n113\nLet c be 4/(-16) - (3 - (-58)/(-8)). ", "Suppose -l = 3*y - 430, 2*y + 2*l = c*l + 300. ", "What are the prime factors of y?", "\n5, 29\nSuppose 22 = 7*f - 9*f. ", "Let z = -11 - f. Suppose 20 = 5*a, z*h - 5*h - 3*a = -67. ", "What are the prime factors of h?", "\n11\nSuppose -2*p + 4*p + 4*o = 1738, 3*p - 2651 = 5*o. ", "List the prime factors of p.\n877\nSuppose 27*z - z = 20488. ", "What are the prime factors of z?", "\n2, 197\nLet m(z) = 139*z + 247. ", "What are the prime factors of m(5)?", "\n2, 3, 157\nLet l(v) = v**3 - 6*v**2 - 3*v + 10. ", "Let r be l(7). ", "Suppose -o + r = o. What are the prime factors of o?", "\n19\nSuppose k + j + 18 = 3*j, 0 = -5*k + 5*j - 95. ", "What are the prime factors of (-6)/(-2 + (-32)/k)?", "\n3, 5\nLet o(j) = -2*j**3 + 15*j**2 - 11*j + 13. ", "Let k be o(7). ", "List the prime factors of 1/((k/(-3))/565).", "\n113\nLet g(q) = -q**3 + 19*q**2 - 2*q + 5. ", "List the prime factors of g(8).", "\n3, 7, 11\nLet k = 28 + 24. ", "Suppose 2*w = k + 66. ", "List the prime factors of w.\n59\nLet j = 472 + -69. ", "List the prime factors of j.\n13, 31\nLet q = 5197 + -2056. ", "List the prime factors of q.\n3, 349\nLet v = 601 - 419. ", "Suppose -132 = -5*l - 3*p + 77, 4*l = 5*p + v. What are the prime factors of l?", "\n43\nSuppose -3*n + n + 2*i = -4, -n + 2 = -2*i. ", "Suppose 0*w - 12 = -w. ", "Suppose -n*t + 5*t = w. List the prime factors of t.\n2\nLet y = 655 + -407. ", "List the prime factors of y.\n2, 31\nSuppose 0 = -x + 5*f + 9, -5*f + 2*f - 7 = -x. ", "List the prime factors of x.\n2\nLet s(u) = -5*u + 50. ", "Suppose 0*d + 5*d = -65. ", "What are the prime factors of s(d)?", "\n5, 23\nLet t(p) = 89*p**2 + 8*p + 7. ", "Let u be t(-2). ", "Let a = u - 247. ", "What are the prime factors of a?", "\n2, 5\nSuppose 0 = 9*c - 0*c - 585. ", "What are the prime factors of c?", "\n5, 13\nSuppose -v + 6 = -0. ", "Let b be 147/(-14)*(-52)/v. ", "Let g = 139 - b. List the prime factors of g.\n2, 3\nLet d = -4 + 13. ", "Suppose -4*p + 56 = 4*s, 2*s + 1 = d. What are the prime factors of p?", "\n2, 5\nSuppose -21 + 1 = -5*p. ", "Suppose p*a = -a + 90. ", "What are the prime factors of (a/4)/(3/16)?", "\n2, 3\nLet y = -5 + 21. ", "Let d = -18 + y. Let p(v) = -3*v + 2. ", "List the prime factors of p(d).", "\n2\nLet i = 10 - 8. ", "Suppose -4*t + 17 = 3*u, 3*u - 2 = -i*t - 1. ", "List the prime factors of 69 - t/(-4)*1.", "\n71\nLet a(g) = -7*g - 5. ", "Let s be a(-1). ", "List the prime factors of (3/(-3) - s)*-31.", "\n3, 31\nSuppose -p + 174 = 2*r - 69, -3*p + 608 = 5*r. ", "What are the prime factors of r?", "\n11\nLet m(r) = -60*r**3 + 71*r**3 - 118*r**3 - 2*r - 2*r**2 - 63*r**3. ", "List the prime factors of m(-1).", "\n2, 5, 17\nLet j(a) = 11 - 9 + 0*a - 2*a + a**2. ", "Let w be j(5). ", "Let s = w - 0. ", "What are the prime factors of s?", "\n17\nLet w(i) = i. Let u(p) = -p**2 - p + 3. ", "Let c(l) = -u(l) + w(l). ", "Let k be 3/2*12/9. ", "List the prime factors of c(k).", "\n5\nLet f be (1 - -1)/((-8)/28). ", "Let h = 11 + f. List the prime factors of 24 - 1/(h + -3).", "\n23\nLet x = 1368 - 747. ", "List the prime factors of x.\n3, 23\nLet i(t) = t**3 + 6*t**2 - 6*t + 2. ", "Let a(p) = -p**3 + 3*p**2 + 4*p + 1. ", "Let d be a(4). ", "Let x = d - 6. ", "List the prime factors of i(x).", "\n3, 19\nLet t be (-53)/(-9) + 1/9. ", "Suppose 2*i + f - t*f = -10, 5*i = -4*f + 41. ", "Suppose -g + o + i = 0, -4*g + 12 + 5 = -o. ", "List the prime factors of g.\n2\nLet b be (5 - 2/1) + (5 - 5). ", "Suppose 0 = -v + 2*v + 5, 2*s = -b*v - 7. ", "What are the prime factors of s?", "\n2\nWhat are the prime factors of (-4)/5 - (-1294)/5?", "\n2, 3, 43\nLet p be (-2)/(3*2/24). ", "Let j = p + -4. ", "Let o = j + 18. ", "What are the prime factors of o?", "\n2, 3\nLet q(x) = -11*x. ", "Suppose 4*c + 48 = 28. ", "List the prime factors of q(c).", "\n5, 11\nLet o be (-75)/(-10) + 3/(-2). ", "Suppose 23 = o*m - 7. ", "List the prime factors of m.\n5\nLet x be (-183)/(-27) - 8/(-36). ", "Let d = -6 - x. Let l = 45 + d. List the prime factors of l.\n2\nLet g be (-88)/40 - (-2)/10. ", "What are the prime factors of (8/5)/((-5)/300*g)?", "\n2, 3\nSuppose 0 = 6*z - 2*z - 140. ", "Suppose -k = -h + 1, 2*h - 5*k + z = 7*h. ", "Suppose 5*v = 5*j - 110, -h*j = 3*v - 107 - 2. ", "List the prime factors of j.\n5\nWhat are the prime factors of -3*(-3 - (-71736)/(-36))?", "\n5987\nLet d(y) = 3*y**2 - 5*y - 8. ", "Let g be 4/10 + 1 + (-160)/25. ", "What are the prime factors of d(g)?", "\n2, 23\nLet s(v) be the first derivative of v**3/3 - 6*v**2 + 2. ", "Let c be s(13). ", "Suppose 4*u - b - 66 = b, c = u + 3*b. ", "What are the prime factors of u?", "\n2\nList the prime factors of 981 + 12/(24/(-14)).", "\n2, 487\nSuppose 0 = -3*t + 4*t + 17. ", "Suppose -7*n + 263 = -3. ", "Let g = n + t. What are the prime factors of g?", "\n3, 7\nSuppose -9*q = -90 - 180. ", "Let a = -17 + 11. ", "Let w = a + q. List the prime factors of w.\n2, 3\nSuppose 4*m - y - 15733 = 0, 88*m - 93*m + 19662 = 3*y. ", "List the prime factors of m.\n3, 19, 23\nLet a = -1891 + 3515. ", "What are the prime factors of a?", "\n2, 7, 29\nLet d = -54 + 66. ", "Let s = 80 + d. List the prime factors of s.\n2, 23\nSuppose 0 = 2*a + 3*x - 2, 0*a + 4*x - 4 = -3*a. ", "Suppose -3*v + 23 = 8. ", "Suppose 4*y - h - 12 = 0, a + 2 = -v*y - 4*h. ", "What are the prime factors of y?", "\n2\nLet t be -6*(-2)/(-4) - -7. ", "Suppose -t*m + 522 + 310 = 0. ", "What are the prime factors of m?", "\n2, 13\nSuppose 2*k + 30 = -0. ", "Let r be 6*((-40)/k + -2). ", "Suppose -r*z - 5*u + 97 = 0, -2*u - 175 = -4*z - 57. ", "What are the prime factors of z?", "\n2, 7\nSuppose 4*z - z + 0*z = 0. ", "Suppose -w + 5*b - 18 = z, 4*w + 4*b = 17 + 7. ", "What are the prime factors of w?", "\n2\nLet f(a) = a**2 - 5*a - 8. ", "Let n be f(8). ", "Suppose 2*d = -4, -v + 7*d + n = 2*d. ", "Suppose 70 = v*h - 236. ", "List the prime factors of h.\n3, 17\nSuppose 4500 = 22*t + 3*t. ", "List the prime factors of t.\n2, 3, 5\nLet s(d) = 109*d + 18. ", "Let t be s(6). ", "Suppose 3*f = 5*h - t, 4*h - 541 = f - 2*f. ", "What are the prime factors of h?", "\n3, 5\nSuppose 5*b - 20 = -3*x, -2*x - 2*b - b = -14. ", "Suppose 7*w - x*w = -195. ", "What are the prime factors of w?", "\n5, 13\nLet f be (0/(-2) + 3)*1. ", "List the prime factors of 1*f - (-14 - 55).", "\n2, 3\nSuppose 29*h - 12067 = 11568. ", "What are the prime factors of h?", "\n5, 163\nLet c = -73 + 334. ", "List the prime factors of c.\n3, 29\nLet w = 105 - 67. ", "Let s = -18 - w. Let r = s - -112. ", "What are the prime factors of r?", "\n2, 7\nLet j = -99 - -102. ", "Suppose 3 = -j*w + 12, -1474 = -5*a + 2*w. ", "What are the prime factors of a?", "\n2, 37\nSuppose -23 = -3*j - 4*d, -23 = -0*j + 2*j - 5*d. ", "What are the prime factors of 37*(2 - j - 0)?", "\n37\nLet g(a) = -11*a**3 - 3*a**2 - 4*a - 4. ", "Let x be g(-2). ", "Suppose 2*s - 80 = x. List the prime factors of s.\n2, 5\nLet i(x) = -x**2 - 7*x - 5. ", "Let v be i(-6). ", "Let u be (v - -38)*8/12. ", "Let b = 10 + u. What are the prime factors of b?", "\n2, 3\nLet y = -7 - -8. ", "Let r = y - -2. ", "Suppose 3*u = -4*l + 26, -3*u + r*l = 2*l - 46. ", "List the prime factors of u.\n2, 7\nLet a(w) = w**3 + 53*w**2 - 57*w - 248. ", "List the prime factors of a(-53).", "\n47, 59\nSuppose -1190 + 46630 = 64*j. ", "List the prime factors of j.\n2, 5, 71\nSuppose -6*n + 34*n = 41216. ", "List the prime factors of n.\n2, 23\nLet i = 1403 - 1310. ", "What are the prime factors of i?", "\n3, 31\nSu" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "DM Mathematics" }

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[ "Find girl for sex tonight in Sexland\n\nWatch online Clear guys fuck the girl alone in her cute bedroom\n\nHe befroom the box and he started to read a list of items. ", "He pulled out a bag and it had a number on it. ", "He said your clothes you were wearing goes into this bag, and I told jer there were on my bedroom floor. ", "He said we would hold off on that one right now. ", "Then he pulled out a camera, saying he needed to take pictures of any marks I have.", "\n\nHe told me, we better do this out in the weight room so we could have a table. ", "He unlocked the back door of his office to which lead to the weight room.", "\n\n..the end of the story look at the video above ↑ ↑ ↑\n\nVideo details\n\nAll сomments (4)\n\nNigul wrote 03.08.2018, 23:00: #1\n\nI must apologize but the real Jesus, who keeps himself hidden from your blind eyes, told me not to click on your filthy porn links. ", "I was hoping you would honestly answer my questions in a text format. ", "Real Jesus is very upset with you. (", "satire)\n\nGrole wrote 11.08.2018, 11:43: #2\n\nYes we do, I notice that.", "\n\nDabar wrote 19.08.2018, 04:38: #3\n\nI let her have the bed and I got the couch ??????...", "she was a snoopy bish and found some articles left behind and called me out on it ??????", "\n\nFebar wrote 22.08.2018, 15:49: #4\n\nI don't like the guy......but I certainly don't use him to cop out of arguments that I'm losing......." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

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[ "想要赚钱吗？", "\n\n授予：\n\n{ FIRST DRAFT WITH IN 2 HRS}\nhi\nI have read your requirements and I’m pretty confident that I will be able to get your work done within the given time your requirements conclude.", "\nI am very keen to discuss furthe更多\n\n€21 EUR 在0天内\n\n(196条评论)\n\n6.3\n\n46 freelancers are bidding on average €31 for this job\n\nI can design a creative and catchy BANNER for your website according to your requirements and preferences.", "\nI OFFER:\n#unlimited revisions\n#final files for print ready and webuse\n#available to do any changes or ed更多\n\nHi, After reading your project description, I know I can help you! ", "as we have worked on various projects similar to your requirements.", "\n►►Please check some of our previous reputation below--\n[url removed, login to view]更多\n\nHi,\nPlease let me confirm the size of banner to be designed. ", "Also please share your ideas for the design. ", "Our creative design specialists’ team will strive to achieve the best according to your requirements. ", "We will更多\n\nOld world map --- please share it --- and banner dimensions --- We will design it with\nCreative VISUALS... Great GRAPHICS...Blended Yet ELEGANT Color scheme..\nwe offer\n- THREE INITIAL OPTIONS.....\n- UNLIMITED R更多\n\nHi!", "\nI am freelancer from Ukraine\nI am a master of Photoshop 90 lvl !", "\nAnd also I work in Cinema 4D. In my projects I combine Photoshop and Cinema 4D\nCheck my portfolio here: [url removed, login to view]\n更多\n\nHello,\nOhk got it, I have gone through project description,I would like to discuss to clear my understanding of requirements.", "I can share some latest design samples.", "I am ready to start.", "\nKind Regards,\nSuperiar\n\nI can design a creative explore banner for your website using your preferred scratch style.", "\nI can start straight away if you can provide me all the details and images for the design.", "\n# Fast Turnaround\n# provide in更多\n\nHi,\nI have read Your project description.", "\nI will Provide you with Great Options in less than 12 Hours.", "\nYou can check my profile & Portfolio here and then make decision.", "\nI am here for long term work relatio更多\n\nHi\nI have expertise in 2D and 3D Graphics design.", "\nI can design explore banner for you as per your requirement. ", "I will sure give you high quality and eye catchy work.", "\nThere will be no delay in my work.", "\nI hav更多\n\nHi,\nI have read Your project description.", "\nI will Provide you work according to your requirement.", "\nYou can check my Portfolio here https://www.freelancer.com/u/eyenetindia.html to see my previous work and feedbac更多\n\nHello,\nPlease allow me to introduce myself. ", "My name is GIRISHA,\nAnd I have been a graphic designer for the past 7+ years,\nWorking on staff for commercial agencies serving the BANNER Design and other Designing st更多\n\nHello sir,\nI have read all your [url removed, login to view] open chat box so that i can show you my previous work.", "\nI have 6 years of experience in Illustrator,Photoshop and in Graphic Designing.", "I will do this 更多\n\nPlease visit [url removed, login to view] for a complete portfolio.", "\nHello,\nThank you for the opportunity to submit a proposal for your job post. ", "I am ready to start this project now and and can send you great designs更多\n\nHello sir,\ni am expert in Photoshop, illustrator and also graphics Design .i have done similar project of my previous work..i am interested in your work.", "\nif you give me a chance then i will confidently complete you更多\n\nHi,\nI have expertise in photoshop, illustration, grahic design. ", "I can design explore banners for you as you want and I will sure give you High quality, creative and eye-catchy work.", "\nI am very interested in y更多" ]

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[ "Friday, January 08, 2010\n\nCamera Obscura: A-Team Returns; Lana Turner Does LSD\n\n-- Are there actually people who will pay cash money to see a movie remake of the old \"The A Team\" TV show? ", "Really? ", "Trailer (including a parachuting tank and requisite explosions) here. ", "I suppose since Liam Neeson is playing Zeus in the remake of the 1980s movie \"Clash of the Titans\" he was a natural to play Hannibal (and who better to direct the movie than Joe Carnahan, who oozes bullets and blood in his previous movies, like \"Smokin' Aces\", which of course has a sequel on the way).", "\n\n-- Hollywood is gearing up for their annual awards, but there is a real problem in a fundamental part of filmmaking -- a problem many of us have seen for some time. ", "Good writing is scarce. ", "And when you add in a list of rules so byzantine and twisted, the nominees for Best Original Screenplay and Best Adaptation from another work, turn very odd. ", "One example: the critical acclaim for \"Inglorious Basterds\" is likely to earn a Best Picture nominee, but Quentin Tarantino won't get a script nod because he is not a member of the Writer's Guild. ", "Then there's writer Nick Hornby, whose movie \"An Education\" is gaining lots of praise and nominations, but since he belonged to the 'wrong chapter\" of the Guild, he is not eligible for an Oscar nod. ", "The rules in place are making a shambles of the potential race for \"the best\" and a fine write-up at Cinematical details how everyone is being disqualified.", "\n\n---\n\nTonight, film fiends will want to stay up late for a chance to see movie star Lana Turner in her one and only wacky LSD trip motion picture. ", "Turner Classic Movies will air \"The Big Cube\", made in 1969, and certainly a vivid snapshot of ... hmm, well, a snapshot of Weirdness, in a groovy sexy '60s kind of way.", "\n\nIt airs at 2 a.m. and is followed by another drug/romance tale, \"I Love You Alice B. Toklas\". ", "But since The Big Cube barely was released to theaters and just hit DVD last year, that is the one to watch.", "\n\nTurner plays an aging actress (what a stretch) who has a daughter who speaks with an eastern European accent for some reason, and the daughter falls under the seductive allure of a Bad Man (George Chakiris from \"West Side Story\") and pretty soon murder, orgies and crazed LSD trips fill the movie screen. ", "Here's the trailer for the movie (all nudity is genteelly blocked):" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nConnecting PAL camera to pc and working with the feed\n\nI have an ancient analog camera which has the classic PAL analog output. ", "I want to get this feed, display it on the computer's monitor and save the stream on the pc hard drive.", "\nI know that if it was a digital usb webcam, ffmpeg would do perfect job. ", "So my question is: how can I connect an old fashioned PAL camera to PC (linux), so that it could be recognised as a modern webcam? ", "I found this video grabber from LogiLink. ", "What is the visibility of such camera setup in the operating system? ", "Is it recognised as a webcam (/dev/video0 in Linux case)?", "\n\nA:\n\nMeh, I don't know how to answer this without recommending an actual product. ", "But ok here we go.", "\nGenerally speaking these cheap little video converters all use one of a few known chipsets and they've been around for years so Linux support is generally very good.", "\nAlso good news is that, with these basic converters, the video steam is exposed as /dev/video0, exactly like a webcam and that's what you want.", "\nA word of warning. ", "There are fakes everywhere that utilize unknown and potentially broken chipsets. ", "That's where your plan might fall flat. ", "So do your research and make sure you get a reputable device from a reputable place.", "\nYou will have a guaranteed pleasant experience if you find a device that contains the Syntek STK1160 chipset. ", "No firmware requirement, and Linux kernel support is solid:\nhttp://linuxtv.org/wiki/index.php/Stk1160\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

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[ "Q:\n\nwhat is causing this xhtml error\n\nI am attempting to make some alterations to a simple website, and to do so I've gone ahead and did a recursive wget in order to bring the entire website onto my machine (with permission). ", "The original website is located at http://www.clubs.psu.edu/up/blockandbridle/index.xhtml and the copy of it that I have made is located at http://eatmyrice.org/blockandbridle/index.xhtml. ", "Most everything seems to be working well, although for some reason I get the following error when I visit the copy of index.xhtml on my own server\n\nI've compared the code between the two sites and as far as I can tell there are not any differences (although I've gone through and fixed links to point to the correct location) that would be causing this. ", "Any help would be appreciated as im not sure what is causing this to happen, thanks (also in case it would make any difference, the copied site is running on an apache server, not sure what the original one is running on)\n\nA:\n\nBoth documents contain the same errors, which are easily detectable with a validator. ", "One document is HTML and is parsed by the browser's HTML parser. ", "The other document is XHTML and is parsed by an XML parser. ", "The browser is only exposing the error in XML mode.", "\ndavid@raston ~ $ curl -I http://www.clubs.psu.edu/up/blockandbridle/index.xhtml | grep Content-Type\nContent-Type: text/html\n~ :\ndavid@raston ~ $ curl -I http://eatmyrice.org/blockandbridle/index.xhtml | grep Content-Type\nContent-Type: application/xhtml+xml\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

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[ ".(JavaScript must be enabled to view this email address)\n\nIllinois Public Media\n\nGov. Quinn Making More Money, Giving Less to Charity\n\nIllinois Gov. Pat Quinn‘s tax returns show he made more money last year, but he gave less to charity than he did in 2011.", "\n\nGov. Quinn’s making more money, now that state employees and officials are no longer taking furlough days.", "\n\nQuinn took home a salary last year of $177,412, which is nearly $5,000 more pay than he earned a year earlier when he was also governor. ", "In a press release, the governor's office lists Quinn's salary as about $160,000, but that's after pre-tax deductions.", "\n\nAccording to the Comptroller’s office, Quinn made less in 2011 because he had to take unpaid days off.", "\n\nQuinn had issued an executive order requiring non-unionized workers take furlough days as a way to help ease the state’s deficit. ", "At the time, he said “unprecedented times call for unprecedented measures.”", "\n\nIllinois’ budget is still struggling, but Quinn hasn’t issued a furlough order since then.", "\n\nAccording to the handwritten returns, Quinn donated $7,500 of his salary to charity. ", "That is about $4000 less than he gave in 2011.", "\n\nHis office didn't provide a list of which charities, but his state tax refund check-offs demonstrate his longstanding affection for veterans' issues.", "\n\nIllinois gives taxpayers eight funds they can donate to if they wish.", "\n\nQuinn gave $10 each to seven of them - including breast and cervical cancer research, child abuse prevention and an after school rescue fund. ", "Meanwhile military family relief got $100." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

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[ "Q:\n\nConvert Word.", "InlineShape to Excel.", "Workbook c#\n\nThere are some excel.workbooks in Word document.", "\ni can get Word.", "Inline shapes but i need to convert them to Excel.", "Application\nWord.", "InlineShapes shapes=wordApp.", "ActiveDocument.", "InlineShapes;\n\nThose shapes created via\nwordApp.", "Selection.", "InlineShapes.", "AddOLEObject(\"MSGraph.", "Chart.8\", excellApp.", "ActiveWorkbook.", "Name, false, false, Type.", "Missing, Type.", "Missing, Type.", "Missing, Type.", "Missing);\n\nHow can i convert them to Excel.", "Workbook again?", "\nAlso i tried ; \nWord.", "InlineShapes shapes = wordApp.", "ActiveDocument.", "InlineShapes;\n\nforeach(Word.", "Shape shape in shapes)\n{\n Word.", "Chart chart = shape.", "Chart;\n}\n\nbut it throws unimplemented exception.", "\n\nA:\n\nTry this:\nWord.", "OLEFormat ole = shape.", "OLEFormat;\nole.", "Activate();\nExcel.", "Workbook book = (Excel.", "Workbook)ole.", "Object;\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

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[ "The 14th Onshore Round (announced on August 18th, 2015) saw a huge new fracking give away, with around 1000 square miles of England licensed to fracking companies. ", "If fracking is allowed to take hold here, then the results will be disastrous.", "\n\nDamming evidence is pouring out of the U.S and Australia cataloguing the air pollution, water contamination, toxic & radioactive waste and health effects that plague the fracking industry and the communities it is imposed on.", "\n\nFull scale fracking would mean the drilling of many thousands of wells plus other fracking infrastructure like pipelines, compressor stations, processing plants and waste disposal facilities carving up the countryside.", "\n\nTIME TO GET ORGANISED\n\nFind out how communities are fighting fracking across the country and beyond, if there isn’t a anti-fracking group in your community then think about starting one.", "\n\nIf there are new licences in or close to where you live, Right Now is the best time to start raising awareness about the Fracking threat in your community:\n\nStep 1\n\nGet in touch and we’ll do what we can to help you get up and running: info@frack-off.org\n\nStep 2\n\nReceive a meeting pack with a briefing, films & discussion ideas and guidance on setting up and promoting your event.", "\n\nStep 3\n\nBook a venue for two or three weeks time and start promoting the event in your area. ", "You need enough time to let people know about it / get back from holidays and receive the information we’re sending you. ", "If we can team you up with speakers from an established group in your region we’ll let you know.", "\n\nThe meeting pack will contain a one page briefing about the new licences that you can use to start the event off, some short films to show and some guidance on screens, projectors and sound (you can look for a venue that already has these). ", "After the film, start a discussion to decide what to do in your area.", "\n\nThe fight against Fracking is bringing communities together all over the UK and worldwide. ", "Get involved and your community can be part of it.", "\n\nAn Organised Community Is The Best Defence Against The Fracking Industry\n\nSee our new step-by-step guide and start planning an effective Anti-Fracking campaign where you live. ", "Email info@frack-off.org for your meeting pack.", "\n\n\n\nNEW LICENCE AREAS\n\nFor a full screen map with all licence areas and planning permissions click here…" ]

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[ "HashFin Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of HashingSpace Corporation, a bitcoin ASIC mining and hosting company, has recently launched HashPool.com. ", "It is a bitcoin mining pool that offers GEO-IP load balanced Stratum and peer-to-peer mining pools and is accessible to anyone on the Web or from iOS and Android apps.", "\n\n\n\nHashingSpace is thrilled to introduce its customers to a user-friendly, intuitive and functional system to manage and operate their mining farms. ", "Higher payouts are expected for HashPool than other pools currently available in the market as it is the result of extensive testing and improvement on the top ten global pools.", "\n\n\"We are excited to bring to the Bitcoin marketplace what we feel is the most well designed and user friendly mining pool portal and mining pool apps available. ", "This allows our customers to maximize their mining capabilities and increase their profits. ", "I personally used the top 10 pools and took what I felt was missing or was hard to use and built what I believe is the best pool app on the market,\" shared Timothy Roberts, the Chief Executive Officer of HashingSpace Corporation.", "\n\n\n\nThe company aims to develop key infrastructure to facilitate global acceptance of bitcoin including Bitcoin Mining Farms, ASIC Miner Colocation, ATM's and Wallets.", "\n\n\n\n\"This completes another goal of ours to provide intuitive, convenient, robust and secure bitcoin solutions to the Bitcoin community. ", "We have created a Bitcoin mining App that allows bitcoin miners worldwide to come on board and begin to maximize their mining capabilities. ", "Anyone can purchase the app from the iTunes or Google Play stores and join our public mining pool to increase their profits\", said Roberts." ]

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[ "A MORAL ARGUMENT FOR VEGANISM BY DAN HOOLEY AND NATHAN NOBIS I. Introduction In this essay, we argue for dietary veganism. ", "1 Our case has two steps. ", "First, we argue that, in most circumstances, it is morally wrong to raise animals to produce meat, dairy products, most eggs (a possible exception we discuss is eggs from pet chickens) and most other animal food products. ", "Turning animals into food, and using them for their byproducts, causes serious harms to animals that are morally unjustified: that is, the reasons given to justify causing these kinds of harms – goods or alleged goods that result from animal farming and slaughter – are inadequate to justify the bad done to animals. ", "This is true for both conventional 'factory farming' methods of raising and killing animals and small-scale, boutique animal farming and slaughter: so-called 'humane' farming is actually inhumane and is wrong. ", "Some will conclude from this argument that each individual has a moral obligation to be vegan because they are morally obligated to not support wrongdoing. ", "Our second step supports that reasoning. ", "It is often morally wrong to support those who act wrongly. ", "So, when it is wrong to produce a particular product, it can be wrong to purchase or use that product or otherwise encourage the product's production. ", "We develop a plausible general moral principle concerning when consumers are obligated not to purchase a product. ", "This principle justifies a moral obligation to not support the wrongful treatment of animals by purchasing or consuming animal food products. ", "Thus, it's wrong to not be a vegan. ", "We discuss a variety of attempts to explain why these harms to animals are morally justified, that is, alleged good reasons to justify treating animals badly. ", "Focusing on some of the most philosophically challenging justifications, we argue that none succeed: no defense points to goods that justify the serious harms done to animals, and so these harms are unjustified. ", "Arguments for veganism often appeal to many other considerations, such as personal and public health, environmental protection, and world hunger, but our arguments do not appeal to them. ", "Some of these concerns support steps toward veganism but, unlike harm-based concerns, 1 While the focus of our essay is on our dietary obligations, we believe our arguments can be extended to 'lifestyle veganism,' e.g., not buying and wearing leather and not buying and using personal care products tested on animals. ", "2 they do not justify a moral obligation to eat a vegan diet. ", "Concerning personal health, we accept the common view that people are not morally obligated to act, and so eat, in ways that are likely to be best, or at least very good, for their own health. ", "2 And there is no scientific reason to believe that vegan diets must be nutritionally superior to diets that include some animal products, especially if they are consumed rarely and in limited quantities. ", "3 And to adequately address environmental, public-health and human social justice problems resulting from animal agriculture, no one must eat a vegan diet: a radically fewer number of animals could be raised in far less environmentally degrading ways that don't compromise public health and the lives of the world's poor. ", "Veganism addresses these concerns, but so do some non-vegan responses. ", "These concerns thereby augment harm-based arguments for veganism, but do not replace them. ", "II. ", "Step 1: Raising and Killing Animals for Food Step 1 in our case for veganism is this argument: (1) If a practice causes serious harms that are morally unjustified, then that practice is morally wrong. (", "2) The practice of raising and killing animals for food causes serious harms to animals and some human beings. (", "3) These harms are morally unjustified. (", "4) Therefore, the practice of raising and killing animals for food is wrong. ", "2 This is consistent with believing the less controversial claim that at least some people are obligated to refrain from actions that are very harmful to their health. ", "3 Virginia Messina, Registered Dietitian (and a vegan), writes: \"There is . . ", "a pretty good argument for eating more plants (lots more plants) and less animal food, but no one has shown that you must eat a 100 percent plant diet in order to be healthy. ", "So to make an argument for a 100% vegan diet based on health benefits alone, we have no choice but to stretch the truth\": at http://www.theveganrd.com/2010/11/how-the-health-argument-failsveganism.html See also Joel Fuhrman, MD (2011) Eat to Live: The Amazing Nutrient-Rich Program for Fast and Sustained Weight Loss, Revised Edition (Little, Brown and Company), p. 91: \"Following a strict vegetarian diet is not as important [for health] as eating a diet rich in fruits and vegetables. ", "A vegetarian whose diet is [full of processed foods] will be worse off than a person who eats a little chicken or eggs, for example, but consumes a large amount of fruits, vegetables and beans. ", "Studies have confirmed this.\" ", "3 Unlike arguments for veganism that appeal to 'equality' for animals, animal 'rights' or the 'moral status' or 'standing' of animals, 4 this argument depends on an uncontroversial moral principle that most people already accept: it is wrong to cause serious harms that are morally unjustified. ", "5,6 We use the concept of 'harm' in a regular, everyday sense. ", "To harm someone is to make them worse off in some way. ", "7 Harms are bad for someone, at least when the harms are considered in themselves. ", "We focus on harms because of their explanatory power in ethics. ", "Imagine some of the worst ways that individuals can be treated. ", "Why are these actions wrong? ", "What is it about these actions that made them wrong? ", "One fundamental answer is that the individuals affected by the action are harmed by them, it is bad for them to be treated those ways. ", "8 When we add that these harms lack justification – either there was no benefit from the action, or too little of a benefit to justify the harm, or a benefit or good that otherwise does not 4 Appeals to 'moral status' (or 'moral standing') typically are either question begging or circular (e.g., 'It is wrong to harm animals because they have a moral status such that it is wrong to harm them') or dispensable (e.g., 'Animals are wrong to harm because they have the moral status or standing of conscious, sentient beings,' which could have just been said as, 'Animals are wrong to harm because they are conscious, sentient beings,' without mentioning 'moral status' or 'standing.') ", "5 Our argument also differs from arguments that appeal to the wrongness of causing 'unnecessary' harms. ", "Claims about what's necessary or unnecessary are always relative to bringing about some end. ", "Thus, bare claims to necessity (or lack of it) simpliciter are always incomplete: nothing can be said to be 'just plain necessary' or 'just plain unnecessary.' ", "Harming animals is not necessary for our health, but harming animals is necessary for people to eat meat (from animals raised for that purpose, i.e., not meat from roadkill or from animals who died naturally), and harming animals is necessary for some traditions, as currently practiced, to continue. ", "So raising animals for food is necessary for some ends, unnecessary for others. ", "Advocates of veganism who appeal to a 'necessity' based argument must also argue that various ends – 'unnecessary' and 'necessary,' relative to various ends – do not morally justify harming animals. ", "Our argument focuses on this fundamental concern about moral justification, bypassing the distracting question of whether the harms are necessary or not, given the many ends that these harms may or may not be necessary for. ", "6 Our premise also concerns harms that agents are aware of: they reasonably believe that they are doing harm; it would be irrational for them to believe that they are not causing harms. ", "If someone causes harm but doesn't realize this, some argue that the action is either not morally wrong or, at least, that the agent is not blameworthy, if the ignorance was not due to negligence. ", "This, however, is of little importance for our paper. ", "The harms farmed animals experience are directly caused by those involved in these industries – they aren't, for example, accidental harms, occurring at a much later time – and the people involved are aware that they are harming animals, as evidenced by their insistence that they treat animals 'humanly.' ", "7 Although we understand harms in this comparative way, our argument can be made on other, non-comparative accounts of harm. ", "However, we believe that any adequate account of harm must be able to recognize the serious harms to animals that we outline. ", "These should not be disputed harms. ", "8 Answers to the above question about what makes wrong actions wrong that don't immediately appeal to harms might do so eventually. ", "If someone says that actions like those above are wrong because, for example, they dehumanize and disrespect the victim, we might observe that dehumanization and disrespect are wrong because they are harmful. ", "Victims of dehumanization and disrespect are made worse off: it is bad to be treated so. ", "And moral rights protect individuals from harm: they often involve a right to not be harmed in some way. ", "So, again, harm is often at or near the root of wrongdoing. ", "4 justify the action – we conclude that the action is morally wrong. ", "Actions that are known to cause harm, especially serious harm, need justification and, without it, are wrong. ", "Premise 1: A Moral Principle Our first premise, then, is a common-sense moral principle that nearly everyone affirms for both humans and some animals: common sense and law affirm that intentional cruelty to animals is wrong because it harms them, which indicates a presumption against unjustified harms. ", "If anyone rejects the argument, then, they will have to reject other premises. ", "Nevertheless, the principle requires some clarification. ", "The idea of a 'serious' harm is vague: how bad does a harm have to be in order to be a serious harm? ", "We offer no systematic answer here, nor do we establish a clear distinction between more and less serious harms. ", "We don't do this because it's not practically important since most of the harms done to animals are, unfortunately, among the worst harms an individual can experience: they are not in any 'grey area' of harms. ", "We also do not offer a complete theory on what does and would justify harms. ", "Harms can be justified in cases of selfand other-defense, and allowing harms to yourself to avoid future harms or achieve future benefits for yourself can be permissible also. ", "But we offer no general theory here. ", "Instead we approach the issue on a case by case basis, arguing that actual given justifications ('Yes, this seriously harms animals, but it's not wrong because ___') do not succeed. ", "Finally, our argument for veganism is not based on a comprehensive moral theory, such as utilitarianism, a rights-based theory, a version of contractarianism, or any other attempts to explain, in general, what it is about all wrong actions that makes them wrong, or what it is that unifies all moral obligations. ", "Our main reason for this is to avoid needless controversy. ", "Moral theories are controversial: no theory has wide acceptance and any argument based on any particular theory invites the responses, 'I don't accept that moral theory, so your argument won't convince me,' or 'I believe that moral theory is false, so your argument is unsound.' ", "We avoid general moral theories but endorse a moral principle that all plausible moral theories support and our readers likely already accept: knowingly causing serious harms is wrong unless they are justified – that is, unless there are good reasons to cause them. ", "5 Premise 2: Harms to Animals Our second premise is that animals, and some human beings, are seriously harmed when animals are raised and killed for food. ", "Animals are made worse off in various and significant ways when raised and killed to be eaten, and some humans are made worse off for doing this. ", "Is this true? ", "We recommend that everyone investigate for themselves to learn about the cognitive, emotional and social capabilities of animals. ", "Almost daily there are reports in the news about scientific discoveries about the inner lives of animals: these nearly always report that animals' minds and experiences are richer and more sophisticated than we suspected; view videos and photographs of farms and slaughterhouses; read written descriptions from many perspectives; and review the websites of animal advocacy organizations, including those with rescued farmed animals, who people should try to meet and interact with for themselves. ", "Finally, seek sources of information produced by the animal agriculture industry. ", "Although their sources typically offer few details about animals' lives and deaths, compare what they say and show, if anything, about the conditions of farmed animals to reports from the major news media and animal advocacy and environmental organizations. ", "With that in mind, we offer a brief summary of the harms farmed animals are made to experience. ", "All these harms concern standard practices in farms and slaughterhouses: none are extraordinary or deemed cruel by the industries. ", "Harms to Animals in Treatment Let's begin with how animals are treated during their short lives. ", "The vast majority of meat, dairy, and eggs produced in the United States come from animals raised on factory farms or confined animal feeding operations (CAFO's). ", "9 Here is a sample of some standard practices: 10  Egg laying hens' beaks are sliced or burnt off; they are crammed in tiny, wire cages with other birds, without the space to turn around or spread their wings. ", "Many die as a result 9 Approximately 99% of all farmed animals in the United States live on factory farms. ", "Most of the farmed animals killed in the US for food are chickens, and only 0.44% of these animals are raised on 'free range' farms. ", "See the U.S.D.A., 'The Economic Organization of U.S. Broiler Production' (2008): http://www.ers.usda.gov/media/205671/eib38_1_.pdf 10 Mercy for Animals' short video, Farm to Fridge, gives an excellent overview of many of the harms farmed animals experience, as standard practice, during their lives and in the process of being killed: http://www.mercyforanimals.org/farm-to-fridge.aspx 6 of their confinement, while others suffer broken bones, open cuts and sores, as well as other injuries. ", "Once a hen has stopped laying eggs, after a year or two, she is removed from her cage and killed, usually by suffocation with carbon dioxide. ", "Her body is often used in processed chicken products. ", " Male chicks are useless to the egg industry since they don't lay eggs or grow big enough to be useful for their flesh. ", "As a result, male chicks are killed, either by suffocation or being ground alive. ", "Every year about 200 million male chicks are killed in the U.S.  'Broiler' chickens and turkeys (raised for meat) live indoors in crowded sheds. ", "These animals have been bred to grow very large, very quickly. ", "In the 1920s, a chicken took about 16 weeks to grow to be over 2 pounds, now they can reach 5 pounds in just 7 weeks. ", "11 As a result, they suffer leg disorders, chronic joint pain, and heart attacks. ", "Injured birds often have their necks broken or are clubbed to death. ", " Pigs live in crowded pens, and at a young age are castrated and have their tails cut off, all without anesthetic. ", "Young pigs who are injured, or not growing fast enough, are killed, sometimes by being gassed, other times by being slammed to the ground. ", "Sows are confined for the majority of their lives in metal, 'gestation crates' barely larger than their own body, where they cannot turn around. ", "Their confinement causes severe physical and emotional distress. ", " Female dairy cows are separated from their young after birth, an experience that is often emotionally distressing. ", "Most live confined in cramped sheds on concrete floors. ", "Young dairy cows are branded, dehorned, and have their tails cut off, all without anesthetic. ", "When the cows are 'spent' and no longer produce as much milk, usually at a small fraction of their natural life span, they are sent to slaughter. ", "Here, 'downed' dairy cows, who can no longer move on their own, are often kicked or shocked to be made to move to slaughter. ", " Veal calves are a direct product of the dairy industry: nearly all veal calves are the male offspring of dairy cows. ", "These animals are confined in individual crates, too narrow for 11 Humane Society of the United States, 'An HSUS Report: The Welfare of Animals in the Chicken Industry': http://www.humanesociety.org/assets/pdfs/farm/welfare_broiler.pdf 7 them to even to turn around, where they are tethered by their neck to further restrict their movement. ", "Living like this causes these calves significant stress, fear, and physical pain. ", " Cows raised for their flesh are branded, castrated, and dehorned, all without anesthetic. ", "Most spend the last months of their lives in crowded feed lots. ", "The vast majority of farmed animals raised in the U.S. live in close confinement. ", "This results in injuries, disease, immobilization, boredom, psychological distress, and often death. ", "These animals are also sometimes abused and injured by workers in other ways than the standard industrial practices detailed above. ", "In addition to these inflicted harms, these animals are harmed by being deprived of many goods crucial to their well-being. ", "By failing to provide the space and resources needed for good lives, we seriously harm them: they are denied what they need for basic, natural and social behaviors, and to live lives that are good for them. ", "12 Some may ask if, despite appearances, animals are actually harmed in the ways we've indicated above. ", "The answer is obvious to both common sense and a growing body of scientific research on the cognitive, emotional, and social lives of animals. ", "13 These animals are conscious, sentient, social beings. ", "They experience pleasures and pains and a variety of complex negative and positive emotions. ", "There are no good reasons to doubt this about the chickens, pigs, cows, and other mammals, birds, and vertebrates that humans raise and kill for food. ", "They are harmed by these practices: their lives go very badly because of them. ", "While the vast majority of U.S. farmed animals are on factory farms, some live on smaller farms that provide the animals with more space and better living conditions. ", "But these animals are also harmed in how they are treated. ", "Many smaller farms inflict painful body mutilations (e.g., castration, dehorning, branding) on the animals, and they still face the harms that come from transport to slaughter (such as abuse in handling, severe dehydration and hunger, and suffering from crowding as well as overheating or extreme cold). ", "And all of these animals are harmed by an untimely death. ", "12 See Matt Halteman (2011), 'Varieties of Harm to Animals in Industrial Farming,' Journal of Animal Ethics 1 (2): 122-131; 126. ", "13 See Jonathan Balcombe (2007), Pleasurable Kingdom, Palgrave Macmillan; Jonathan Balcombe (2011), Second Nature: The Inner Lives of Animals, Palgrave Macmillan; Mark Bekoff (2008), The Emotional Lives of Animals, New World Library. ", "8 The Harm of Death for Animals The final way all animals used for food are harmed is when they are killed. ", "Farmed animals are often killed in ways that are quite painful. ", "U.S. law mandates that cows and pigs be rendered unconscious before being slaughtered, most often by using a pistol that puts a bolt through the animal's brain. ", "However, because of the rapid pace at which animals are slaughtered, animals often have their throats slit while they are still conscious. ", "And this law excludes birds, fish, and rabbits. ", "Chickens and turkeys make up the vast majority of animals slaughtered in the U.S., nearly 9 billion are killed every year, and suffer particularly horrifying deaths. ", "They are shackled upside down, paralyzed by electrified water, and then dragged across a mechanical throat-cutting blade, all while being fully conscious. ", "14 Every year millions of unlucky birds miss the blades and drown in scalding water. ", "A painful death is also the fate of animals like fish and other sea creatures that are often not raised for food, but captured and killed. ", "15 Commercial fishing operations cause fish and other creatures captured substantial pain prior to their death. ", "Trapped in massive trolling nets, many fish suffer as they are dragged along the ocean floor. ", "As they are pulled up to the surface, fish experience excruciating decompression that can rupture their swim bladders and pop out their eyes. ", "Once on board, these fish slowly suffocate or are crushed to death. ", "Other unfortunate fish are still conscious when their throats or bellies are cut open. ", "The harm of death extends beyond pain animals experience in the process of being killed. ", "Cutting their lives short seriously harms animals because the good lives they could have experienced are taken from them. ", "Nearly all of the animals we eat are killed at a very young age, well before they have come anywhere close to living out a natural life span. ", "Chickens are killed at 5-7 weeks, and pigs are killed after just 6 months, when both types of animals can typically live between 8 to 12 years (and sometimes much longer). ", "Cows raised for their meat live a little longer, usually they are killed after about 18 months, but they can normally live between 15 to 20 years. ", "16 14 Humane Society of the United States, 'The Welfare of Birds at Slaughter,' 2009: http://www.humanesociety.org/issues/slaughter/research/welfare_birds_slaughter.html 15 The evidence is increasingly strong that fish are conscious creatures who experience pain. ", "See Victoria Braithwaite (2010), Do Fish Feel Pain? ", "Oxford University Press and Jonathan Balcombe (2006) Pleasurable Kingdom: Animals and the Nature of Feeling Good. ", "Macmillan: New York, Ch. ", "10. ", "16 Mercy for Animals, Farm to Fridge: http://www.mercyforanimals.org/farm-to-fridge.aspx 9 In cutting their lives short, we seriously harm these animals by depriving them of the possibility of enjoyable and valuable future experiences. ", "17 This is a deprivation of the most fundamental kind. ", "Nearly all of us would recognize this when it comes to companion animals (and ourselves!). ", "If your neighbor painlessly killed your young, healthy and friendly dog, you would be upset because your neighbor had harmed the dog, taking away her life and depriving her of enjoyable future experiences. ", "This is why even killing farmed animals 'humanely' is actually inhumane: the animals lose everything, all the good of their future, and are made far worse off because of it. ", "For farmed animals, a 'pain-free' death isn't a harm-free death. ", "Harms to Human Beings While our argument's central concern is the serious harms farmed animals are made to experience, some human beings also are harmed when animals are raised and killed for food. ", "Although most of these harms are pervasive across the industry, they are not essential to the practice of raising and killing animals for food. ", "Since, in theory, many of these harms to human beings could be eliminated, our argument does not depend on them. ", "Some harms to human beings concern public health: e.g., air pollution from intensive animal agriculture may cause higher asthma and depression rates for those who live close by. ", "18 Animal agriculture also increases the number of harmful bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics. ", "To help prevent the spread of disease in such cramped quarters, and increase the rate at which farmed animals grow, most are fed antibiotics. ", "19 This use has reduced the efficacy of many drugs for humans and may lead to the emergence of novel 'super bugs' that could harm and kill many humans, potentially at pandemic levels. ", "Factory farming is also dangerous work: workers are sometimes injured or killed by flailing animals and machinery in slaughterhouses and meat 17 While most of the animals killed for food have lived rather miserable lives, this fact does not justify cutting their lives short. ", "We could provide these animals with the goods needed for them to live quality lives. ", "So the fact that we choose not to cannot be used to justify cutting their lives short and preventing them from having valuable and enjoyable future experiences. ", "18 Pew Commission on Industrial Farm Animal Production (2009), 'Putting Meat on the Table: Industrial Farm Animal Production in America', p. 29: http://www.ncifap.org/_images/PCIFAPFin.pdf 19 See Aysha Akhtar (2012) Animals and Public Health: Why Treating Animals Better is Critical to Human Welfare (Palgrave Macmillan). ", "The Union of Concerned Scientists estimates that non-therapeutic use of antibiotics in animal agriculture accounts for 70% of total antibiotic use in the U.S. Union of Concerned Scientists (2011), 'Hogging It!: ", "Estimates of Antimicrobial Abuse in Livestock'. ", "More recent estimates by the Pew Charitable trust put the figure around 80%: http://www.pewhealth.org/other-resource/record-high-antibiotic-sales-for-meat-and-poultryproduction-85899449119 10 processing plants. ", "And there is also evidence that the presence of industrial slaughterhouses in rural communities harms these communities, as they lead to an increase in violent crimes that cannot be explained by other factors, such as population demographics, unemployment, and so forth. ", "20 Another way that workers are often harmed is that the work they do contributes to their own attitudes of indifference and hostility towards animals, rather than the respect and care animals are owed. ", "This is perhaps best seen on the 'kill floor' of many slaughterhouses, where workers take part in the killing of hundreds, and often thousands, of animals every hour. ", "21 In jobs like these, it is not at all surprising that many workers come to view the animals they kill as objects, instead of individuals, and as adversaries to accomplishing their work: this perhaps partially explains the sadistic cruelty to animals in farms and slaughterhouses so often documented by undercover videographers. ", "22 In these conditions, empathy for animals is almost out of the question. ", "While this makes things even worse for the animals, it harms the workers too: they are worse off for doing such work, as it diminishes their ability to have concern and respect for other animals. ", "Our concern that workers are harmed in these ways might seem odd since we have argued that they act wrongly. ", "Nevertheless, harms are harms and so merit our concern, even if they result from someone's own wrongful choices to harm others. ", "Charges of unjustified paternalism typically apply to cases where the harm done is only to the agent; this case, however, involves unjustified harms to unconsenting others. ", "These harms merit our attention because the preferences of consumers – who demand cheap meat and other animal products – depends on workers undertaking this work, in these conditions. ", "Many of the workers in factory farms and slaughterhouses do this low-paying, difficult, and risky work largely because they have few other options. ", "Many are immigrants, trying to provide for their families. ", "Cheap animal products would not be possible without individuals doing this work. ", "That this work actually harms many workers, and their families and communities, in these ways deserves our concern. ", "20 See Amy Fitzgerald, Linda Kalof, and Thomas Dietz (2009), \"Slaughterhouses and Increased Crime Rates: An Empirical Analysis of the Spillover From 'The Jungle' Into the Surrounding Community\", Organization & Environment 22 (2): 158-184. ", "21 For a thorough, first person account of what a life of a slaughterhouse worker is like; see Timothy Pachirat (2011), Every Twelve Seconds: Industrialized Slaughter and the Politics of Sight, New Haven: Yale University Press. ", "22 See Matt Halteman (2011), 'Varieties of Harm to Animals in Industrial Farming,' Journal of Animal Ethics 1 (2): 122-131; 128. ", "11 Workers might avoid various psychological and emotional harms if they believed they weren't doing anything wrong. ", "This would likely eliminate sources of guilt and moral unease. ", "It is not clear whether workers could do this, and even if they could, many would still engage in work that negatively affects their attitudes towards other animals. ", "Although this is controversial, we believe that they are harmed because of this. ", "However, the possibility that some ways of raising and killing other animals might not engender disrespect or a lack of concern for other animals suggests that harms to humans may not be essential to this practice. ", "We have argued that harms to animals are essential and unavoidable: that is why harms to animals are the basis of our argument for veganism. ", "Premise 3: These Harms Are Not Justified To complete Step 1 of our argument we must support the claim that these harms to animals are morally unjustified (premise 3). ", "Why believe this? ", "Most simply, because farmed animals are treated very, very badly, some humans are harmed as well, and either no good comes from this or no good great enough to justify the pain, suffering, frustration, deprivation, death and other harms done. ", "To fully defend this claim we must respond to attempts to justify these harms. ", "To begin, however, we argue that common motivations that lead individuals to eat animal products cannot justify the harms we inflict on farmed animals. ", "We focus first on common motivations for eating animals because most people do so out of habit and have never made an intentional choice to eat animals on the basis of informed thought and reflection. ", "As a result, few people eat animal products because of some argument they accept. ", "The issue just isn't on most people's 'moral radar.' ", "If we can show that these harms are not justified by common reasons that motivate individuals to consume animal products, then a plausible, prima facie case is made that – in the absence of other justifications –causing these serious harms to animals are wrong. ", "One common motivation for eating animal products is health: many people believe that eating animal products is necessary to be healthy. ", "If we need animal products for good health this might justify harming animals. ", "While common, this claim is not supported by scientific evidence. ", "The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, the world's largest organization of food and nutrition professionals, has an evidence-based 16-page review of this issue, with hundreds of references to the medical and nutrition literature. ", "They state: 12 It is [our] position...that appropriately planned vegetarian diets, including total vegetarian or vegan diets, are healthful, nutritionally adequate, and may provide health benefits in the prevention and treatment of certain diseases. ", "Well-planned vegetarian diets are appropriate for individuals during all stages of the life cycle, including pregnancy, lactation, infancy, childhood, and adolescence, and for athletes. . . . ", "The results of an evidence-based review showed that a vegetarian diet is associated with a lower risk of death from ischemic heart disease. ", "Vegetarians also appear to have lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, lower blood pressure, and lower rates of hypertension and type 2 diabetes than nonvegetarians. ", "Furthermore, vegetarians tend to have a lower body mass index and lower overall cancer rates. ", "Features of a vegetarian diet that may reduce risk of chronic disease include lower intakes of saturated fat and cholesterol and higher intakes of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, soy products, fiber, and phytochemicals. ", "23 This review states not merely that vegan diets are healthy, but that people may be healthier on a well-planned vegan diet. ", "Our argument does not rest on any expectations for better health, only the well-supported claim that with some effort nearly everyone will be at least as healthy on a vegan diet as they would be an omnivorous diet, and so they are no worse off. ", "If they're better off for being vegan, then all the better. ", "Another common motivation for consuming animal products is that many people find that they taste good and are pleasurable to eat, and they feel that foods without animal products generally do not taste as good or are not satisfying. ", "So, some argue that not eating delicious meals with animal products would be a very significant loss of human pleasure and this fact justifies the harms we inflict upon animals. ", "Indeed, a common initial reaction to arguments for veganism is, \"But meat tastes good!\" ", "This reasoning, however, suggests the following argument: Eating animals produces pleasure. ", "23 \"Position of the American Dietetic Association: Vegetarian Diets,\" Journal of the American Dietetic Association. ", "2009; 109: 1266-1282. ", "http://www.eatright.org/About/Content.aspx?id=8357 13 All actions that produce pleasure are not wrong. ", "Therefore, it's not wrong to eat animals. ", "The italicized premise is false. ", "There are all sorts of actions that do, or would, produce pleasure for someone, but they are wicked and wrong actions. ", "That an action produces pleasure never, in itself, justifies it morally. ", "All sorts of historical and contemporary examples with human beings confirms this. ", "That we are deprived of some pleasure never, in itself, morally justifies a harmful behavior. ", "Consider how we would react to similar attempts to justify harming animals when the source of pleasure is not food. ", "Suppose someone raises and kills animals (in similar ways to what we find on factory farms) so he can paint with their blood, which he enjoys immensely. ", "He is no sadist: he does not raise and kill animals because he likes seeing them suffer, nor is he pleased that many animals must be killed to get enough blood. ", "But, alas, without any of this he would not be able to gain the pleasure he does in using their blood for art (and other methods of obtaining animal blood are just too costly or inconvenient or don't provide enough blood at once for his artistic proclivities). ", "So, he believes that harming animals is morally justified. ", "Most would think that such a person is a moral monster. ", "After all, he can enjoy painting without harming other animals. ", "And even if he got significantly less pleasure from using oil or acrylic paint, so what? ", "Clearly, humans do not have a right to do whatever brings them pleasure. ", "The painter's pleasures from using the blood of animals are trivial and insignificant compared to the harms to the animals. ", "Arguably, the painter's pleasures should not count for anything positive in evaluating his actions since they depend on harming animals. ", "The same is true about raising and killing animals for someone's pleasures in eating them. ", "Just as the painter can paint beautiful, interesting paintings with oils or acrylics, all of us can eat foods that are tasty, pleasurable to eat, and vegan. ", "Vegans, most of whom were once omnivores, typically agree: they report that eating vegan is pleasurable and satisfying. ", "III. ", "Step 2: Buying and Eating Meat, Dairy, Eggs and other Animal Products If we can adequately support our premise (3) that the harms to animals are not morally justified, readers might think that enough has been done to reach the conclusion that each of us shouldn't purchase and consume animal products. ", "After all, if it is wrong to raise and kill animals for food, 14 it might be obvious that we shouldn't support these practices, and that we should all transition to a vegan diet. ", "What else needs to be said? ", "We are sympathetic to this reaction. ", "Indeed, it is a good one to have: it speaks well of someone that he or she instinctively opposes supporting wrongdoing and is open to making changes in her life. ", "However, a complete argument for veganism must connect the wrongdoing involved in raising and killing animals for food to individuals' personal behavior. ", "Someone might object: 'I don't raise and kill any animals myself, so why do I have an obligation not to buy and eat these products? ", "These animals are already dead.' ", "Arguments for vegetarianism or veganism that address this objection have the virtue of fully explaining why individuals have a moral obligation to not purchase and use animal products. ", "24 We offer the following general moral principle to connect individuals' consumer behavior to the practices of the animal agriculture industry: If a product is such that (a) its production causes serious and unjustified harms and so is morally wrong, (b) the product can be avoided, (c) avoiding the product would not seriously harm the boycotting individual, (d) there are readily available alternatives to that product, (e) the boycotting individual might benefit from boycotting, 24 There is extensive discussion of this issue which is known as the 'causal impotence' problem for arguments for vegetarianism, including Russ Shafer-Landau, 'Vegetarianism, Causation and Ethical Theory,' Public Affairs Quarterly Vol. ", "8, No. ", "1 (Jan., 1994), pp. ", "85-100; Hud Hudson (1993). '", "Collective Responsibility and Moral Vegetarianism'. ", "Journal of Social Philosophy 24 (2):89-104; Nathan Nobis (2002). '", "Vegetarianism and Virtue: Does Consequentialism Demand Too Little?' ", "Social Theory and Practice 28 (1):135-156; Gaverick Matheny (2002). '", "Expected Utility, Contributory Causation, and Vegetarianism.' ", "Journal of Applied Philosophy 19 (3): 293–297; Alastair Norcross (2004) 'Puppies, pigs, and people: Eating meat and marginal cases,' Philosophical Perspectives 18 (1): 229–245; Gary Chartier, 'Consumers, Boycotts, and Non-Human Animals,' Buffalo Environmental Law Journal 12 (Spring 2005): 123–94; Gary Chartier, 'On the Threshold Argument against Consumer Meat Purchases,' Journal of Social Philosophy 37.2 (Sum. ", "2006): 235–51; Jeremy R. Garrett (2007). '", "Utilitarianism, Vegetarianism, and Human Health: A Response to the Causal Impotence Objection'Journal of Applied Philosophy 24 (3):223–237; David T. Schwartz (2010) Consuming Choices: Ethics in a Global Consumer Age (Rowman & Littlefield); Ben Almassi (2011). '", "The Consequences of Individual Consumption: A Defence of Threshold Arguments for Vegetarianism and Consumer Ethics'. ", "Journal of Applied Philosophy 28 (4):396-41; Shelly Kagan (2011). '", "Do I Make a Difference?' ", "Philosophy and Public Affairs 39 (2):105-141. ", "John Richard Harris & Richard Galvin (2012). ''", "Pass the Cocoamone, Please': Causal Impotence, Opportunistic Vegetarianism and Act-Utilitarianism.' ", "Ethics, Policy and Environment 15 (3):368 383; Alastair Norcross (2012) 'Puppies, Pigs, and Potency: A Response to Galvin and Harris' Ethics, Policy and Environment 15 (3):384-388. ", "15 (f) the probability that not purchasing or consuming the product will lessen or eliminate the wrongdoing is equal to or greater than the probability that purchasing or consuming the product will lessen or eliminate the wrongdoing, and (g) boycotting will make that individual a member of a morally progressive group that opposes a wrongdoing, then individuals are obligated to not purchase or use that product. ", "Meat and other animal food products satisfy all these conditions. ", "They are (a) wrongfully produced, since beyond the pain and suffering inflicted, the serious harm of death is essential to the practice. ", "And animal foods (b) can be avoided with no serious harm to the boycotter: not eating meat isn't like boycotting taxes in response to governmental wrongdoing which will result in prison or fines for the boycotter. ", "Any claim that (c) not eating animal foods seriously harms the boycotter exaggerates any sacrifices most of us might make by not purchasing or consuming these products. ", "There are (d) readily available vegan foods at nearly all grocery stores and markets: e.g., vegetables, fruits, beans and grains, as well as vegan convenience foods. ", "The boycotter (e) might benefit, health-wise and in other ways; the boycotter (f) might prevent future harms to animals; and the boycotter (g) becomes part of a group opposed to wrongdoing and advocating for positive change and shows him or herself to be a compassionate, concerned, and morally engaged person. ", "This principle is supported both by an appeal to the consequences of our actions and our obligations not to be complicit in serious wrongdoing, either by paying someone to cause these harms or by benefitting from these harms. ", "Following this principle is likely to have better consequences for harm reduction, compared to not following it, over the course of an individual's life. ", "Further, we are also obligated to not be complicit with, or benefit from, serious wrongdoing, apart from the consequences. ", "We recognize this when thinking about our obligations not to support slave labor, or purchase products made by the Nazis: this principle recognizes these obligations. ", "Given this principle, each of us is morally obligated not to support the wrongdoing of the meat industry; we are obligated to eat vegan. ", "This is true at least for people who live in societies 16 where their survival and basic health is consistent with a vegan diet. ", "25 We believe this is true for most people living in developed countries. ", "However, this might not be true for some individuals living in developing countries. ", "26 This principle does not make unreasonable demands. ", "If an individual would be seriously harmed by avoiding a product, and if the product cannot be avoided (because it is necessary for human survival, perhaps) then that individual is not obligated to do so. ", "This principle captures many of the obligations we have as consumers. ", "When all of these conditions are satisfied for a product, an individual has an obligation not to purchase or consume that product. ", "We do not claim that there are no contexts where an individual has an obligation but all of these conditions aren't met. ", "Satisfying these conditions is sufficient to have a moral obligation, but meeting all of these conditions might not be necessary either. ", "IV. ", "Objections and Responses: 'These Harms Are Justified Because . . . ", "Step 1 of our argument held that the practice of raising and killing animals for food is wrong. ", "Step 2 concluded that if the principle we specified is fulfilled, an individual has an obligation to not support unjustified harms either by paying someone to cause these harms or by benefitting from these harms and thus, to be vegan. ", "To complete our argument, however, we must respond to objections that attempt to justify these harms. ", "There are many objections, and our limited 25 A likely purely theoretical question is this: 'If someone would be seriously harmed, e.g., they would die, by not eating animal products, are they too obligated to not eat animal products?' ", "Some responses are: (1) death from not eating animals is factually unlikely or perhaps impossible since any nutrient found in animal products is found in non-animal sources, so any such person would need nutrition counseling, not animal products; (2) even if someone did require animal products, he or she could consume (i) something made from 'road kill,' (ii) animals who died naturally or were euthanized for their own good, (iii) animals we have reasons to believe are not conscious (e.g., insects and some sea creatures), or (iv) the eggs of pet chickens (which we discuss below); and (3) since some argue that 'all bets are off' in lifeboat or desert island cases, since even killing and eating other humans beings could be justified in such a scenario, so would eating animals. ", "Some animal ethicists think that if there were such a person, it would be not wrong for them to eat animals because they 'need' to: their not eating animals would be superogatory, not obligatory. ", "While there are complications here, it is worthwhile to notice that this conflicts with insights from other areas of bioethics, namely that it is not always morally permissible for a person to acquire whatever they need even for their life to continue. ", "Suppose someone genuinely needed to kill and eat human babies for their life to continue: would that make doing that permissible? ", "Many would think not. ", "For essays relevant to these issues, see Judith Thompson's 'A Defense of Abortion' Philosophy and Public Affairs 1:1 (Autumn 1971): 47-66 and Jonathan Hardwig's 'Is there a Duty to Die?' ", "Hastings Center Report, 27, no. ", "2 (1997): 34-42. ", "26 While many individuals in developed countries have access to a variety of plant-foods, whether they would receive adequate levels of vitamin B12 (which is produced by bacteria typically found in animal foods) is unknown: there simply is no research on the health status of vegans in these areas. ", "In developed countries people have ready access to vitamin B12 supplementation, which are important for those eating vegan diets. ", "For individuals in developing countries who lack access to B12 supplements or fortified foods, supplementing a plant-based diet with some animal foods would be morally permissible. ", "17 space prevents us from discussing many commonly given justifications for eating animal products, such as: 'Eating meat is natural,' 'Animals eat other animals,' 'Animals would eat us if they could,' 'We are animals,' 'Our bodies were designed to eat meat,' 'Animals aren't human,' 'Animals aren't people,' 'There is a circle of life,' 'Many traditions involve eating animals,' 'Cheese is too hard to give up,' 'Vegan foods just don't taste good,' 'Eating vegan is too expensive,' 'Eating vegan would require learning new way to cook,' 'People would lose their jobs if people didn't eat meat,' 'Too many restaurants would go out of business if people didn't eat meat,' 'It's too difficult to eat vegan,' 'Animals have no rights,' 'It's not illegal to eat animal products,' 'Animals wouldn't exist if we didn't eat them, and they would go extinct,' 'Animals would overpopulate if we didn't eat them,' 'We just can't give up eating meat,' 'They eat cats and dogs in Asia,' 'What about people in areas where they can't eat vegan?' '", "Religions approve of eating meat,' 'We have a right to eat whatever we want,' 'Vegans are offensive,' 'It's good enough to eat less meat,' 'Plants might be harmed too,' and more. ", "We believe that these common justifications, and many more, have been adequately responded to elsewhere. ", "27 Here we address some of the more philosophically challenging objections to our argument. '", "These Harms are Justified Because Humans Are Superior' Some might think the harms we inflict on other animals are justified because animals matter less, morally, than human beings. '", "They are just animals,' one often hears. ", "We can draw on this idea and attempt to justify harming animals to eat them by claiming that human beings are intellectually 'superior' to animals: we are more intelligent than animals, are capable of using 27 For a discussion of the many other common objections to veganism, see Nathan Nobis's 'Reasonable Humans and Animals: An Argument for Vegetarianism,' (2008) Between the Species Volume 18, Issue 8; Gary Francione and Anna Charlton, Eat Like You Care: An Examination of the Morality of Eating Animals, Exempla Press, 2013; and Sherry F. Colb, Mind if I Order the Cheeseburger? ", "And Other Questions People Ask Vegans, Lantern Books, 2013. ", "Which objections are most common, which are most influential? ", "This article is the only empirical research on these questions we could find: Hank Rothgerber (2012) \"Real Men Don't Eat (Vegetable) Quiche: Masculinity and the Justification of Meat Consumption.\" (", "2012). ", "Psychology of Men & Masculinity, Nov 12. ", "No Pagination Specified. ", "18 complex language, are self-conscious in a way many animals are not, are moral agents who are responsible for what we do, and so on. ", "These characteristics, the argument goes, separate us from other animals, make us morally superior, and so justify our harming animals for our benefit. ", "This reasoning suggests the following argument: If an individual is not 'intellectually superior' then it is not wrong for humans to harm and kill that individual to eat it. ", "Animals are not 'intellectually superior.' ", "Therefore, it is not wrong for humans to harm and kill animals to eat them. ", "Notice, first, that all of us reject this argument when it comes to other human beings. ", "The fact that one individual might be more intelligent, more rational, or more morally virtuous does not justify that individual in harming less intelligent or rational or virtuous individuals. ", "So while this argument 'justifies' eating animals, the first premise also 'justifies' harming and eating human babies, seriously cognitively disabled human beings, and dementia patients. ", "Any argument to justify eating animals that would also justifies eating vulnerable human beings is unsound and should be rejected. ", "But even if all human beings were morally 'superior' to all animals (or no animals were 'equal to' humans), that does not, in itself, justify harming animals. ", "As Tzachi Zamir points out, superiority does not justify harming the allegedly inferior. ", "28 If A is 'superior' to B, that does not justify A's actively harming B. To illustrate this point, consider how we might react to Super Advanced Aliens who arrive on earth to raise and kill humans for food. ", "29 Even if these aliens were intellectually superior to us in a variety of ways – perhaps they have powers of rationality and reasoning that far exceed our smartest computers, language abilities that put ours to shame, and moral self-control that far surpasses that of human beings – we would rightly deny that they are justified in raising and killing us for food. ", "So even if humans are intellectually superior to other animals and on this basis matter more, morally, than other animals, this does not justify our harming other animals, especially for trivial ends. ", "Human moral superiority might justify us 28 See Tzachi Zamir (2007), Ethics and the Beast: A Speciesist Argument for Animal Liberation. ", "Princeton University Press, pp. ", "9, 61. ", "29 This is the topic of Michel Faber's interesting novel, Under the Skin. ", "See Donaldson and Kymlicka (2011), Zoopolis, Oxford University Press: New York, p. 27-28, for a similar argument framed in the context of rights. ", "19 doing more to benefit human beings, and to promote our welfare, but it does not justify actively undertaking efforts to harm other animals, especially when these harms can be easily avoided. '", "These Harms are Justified Because Painless Killing is Harmless Killing' We argued that the practice of raising and killing animals for food seriously harms animals, is not justified, and as a result is wrong. ", "But are there exceptions to this claim? ", "Imagine a pig or cow or chicken lives a short but good life, and then is painlessly killed. ", "Is this morally acceptable? ", "Some believe a painless death does not harm other animals. ", "They claim that death only harms beings who have an interest in continuing to live, and to have that interest that being must have an understanding of his or her self existing in the future, or goals or projects that extend into the future and that are cut off by death. ", "30 If these claims are true, it might open the door to some morally acceptable forms of animal agriculture (assuming we could find ways to consistently kill animals without causing them pain, terror, or significant distress, and that they were raised in ways that did not seriously harm them). ", "However, even if we accept this view about who can be harmed by death, there is evidence that farmed animals have an interest in continuing to live. ", "Peter Singer accepts this account of the harm of death, and argues that some animals (such as the great apes) have the cognitive capacities that make it prima facie wrong to kill them. ", "But he also believes that there is strong evidence that many of the animals humans eat, like pigs, chickens, and maybe even fish, may have the sense of their self, existing in the future, that makes it prima facie wrong to kill them, even painlessly. ", "31 Even if we accept the view that a painless death only harms beings with a sense of themselves existing in the future, some animals deserve the benefit of the doubt. ", "There might be sufficient reasons to think death may harm them – and it would still be wrong to painlessly kill them to consume their flesh. ", "A lot will depend on what we think is the right criteria for having an interest in continued existence. ", "If we require that an animal have an understanding of her own death, this would rule out most animals as beings who can be harmed by a painless death. ", "There is some evidence, although it is far from conclusive, which suggest that some animals, like elephants and the great 30 See Peter Singer (2011), Practical Ethics, New York: Cambridge University Press, Ch. ", "5. ", "31 See Peter Singer (2011), Practical Ethics, New York: Cambridge University Press, Ch. ", "5, p. 101-103. ", "20 apes, may have some awareness of death and their own mortality. ", "32 And it is possible that other animals that humans use for food, like pigs and cows, might have this understanding as well. ", "If, however, we only require that an animal has some sense of his or her self existing in the future, this seems to open the door to many more animals, including most of the animals (certainly mammals and birds, and arguably fish) that humans consume or use for food. ", "If these animals have desires that extend hours or days in to the future, then it seems they have some sense of their self existing in the future, and as a result would be harmed by death. ", "More fundamentally, however, the view that only beings with a strong sense of themselves existing in the future are harmed by death is false. ", "On this account, a painless death would not harm human babies, individuals with very severe cognitive disabilities, and older adults with severe dementia: they often don't have, or have lost, the strong sense of selfawareness that proponents of this view often suggest is needed to be harmed by a painless death. ", "But it would be wrong to kill these individuals, even apart from the effects on others. ", "Part of the reason is that these humans, like other animals, have interests and desires that can be satisfied only if they are alive: they have at least an indirect interest in being alive even if they lack the concepts to understand this. ", "An individual doesn't need a strong sense of themselves existing in the future to be harmed by death or to have an interest in continued existence. ", "Thus, we have good reasons to reject the claim that animals aren't harmed by a painless death, in favor of our deprivation account articulated earlier. '", "Happy meat' precludes future happiness for animals, harms them greatly for no good reason, and so is wrong. ", "33 'These Harms are Justified Because Animals Are Not Seriously Harmed' While some don't deny that animals are harmed by being painlessly killed, they claim that this harm is not serious, and is much less serious than when a human being is killed. ", "So, if we raise 32 Elephants have been shown to grieve the death of other elephants that have died, and even engage in death rituals, such as covering the dead body of family members with dirt. ", "See Cynthia Moss, Elephant Memories: Thirteen Years in the Life of an Elephant Family, University of Chicago Press, 2000. ", "And Koko, a gorilla taught American signlanguage, expressed sadness and grieved when she learned of the death of her pet cat, All Ball. ", "33 Some, following Epicurus, think it makes little sense to say anyone is harmed by death, since the individual killed no longer exists, and as a result it is hard to see how he or she can be worse off. ", "If this were the case, then perhaps killing animals for food might be justified, since no one is harmed. ", "We don't find this argument compelling. ", "But for those who do, this does not provide any reason to think other animals are not wronged by being killed. ", "If one thinks that human beings with severe cognitive disabilities or severe dementia are wronged by being killed, then there are no good reasons to deny that other animals are also wronged when they are killed. ", "21 animals in ways that don't harm them, or if we hunt or capture animals that have had good lives, then perhaps we are justified in doing this, since we get pleasure from eating their flesh and the harm of death is not as serious for animals. ", "There are different reasons why an individual might think that killing an animal is not a serious harm. ", "But the most compelling draws on two claims: first, animals are not capable of achieving the same quality or level of well-being as humans; second, the strength of animals' psychological unity over time is much weaker than that of most human beings: e.g., animals' capacities for memory and anticipation of the future is weaker than most human beings. ", "34 These claims may help to explain common intuitions people have about the comparative harm of killing different beings. ", "Most people think it would be far worse to kill an adult human being than a fish. ", "Why is this? ", "One explanation is that fish seem incapable of achieving or having many of the 'higher goods' that are components in human well-being (creativity, close friendship, long-term projects, intimate relationships, etc.). ", "We also have reason to doubt the strength of the psychological unity between any particular fish now, and that same fish months or years later, is anywhere near the psychological unity of most human beings. ", "The memories of a fish, it seems, do not extend as far in to the past as ours, nor do they have a strong, reflective understanding that it was themselves that existed months and years before and will exist months and years in the future. ", "Taken together, these two claims may suggest that other animals are not seriously harmed by a painless death. ", "If the well-being they are cut off from is of a lesser quality than human beings, and if there is a much weaker psychological continuity between an animal now and that same animal in the future, then it appears they are harmed less than human beings in being killed. ", "So, perhaps this harm is not serious, and can be justified in killing them by appealing to the pleasure and satisfaction we get from eating the flesh of animals. ", "We suspect that one reason some find the view that animals are not seriously harmed by death compelling is that they underestimate the cognitive capacities of other animals. ", "If an animal's experience of the world consisted solely in one experience after another – a constant stream of unconnected experiences, like the mythical gold fish with a 3-second memory 35 – we might have significant doubts that a painless death would seriously harm such an animal. ", "34 See Jeff McMahan, The Ethics of Killing: Problems at the Margins of Life, Ch. ", "3. ", "35 See Colin Allen, \"Ethics, Law, and the Science of Fish Welfare,\" (2013) Between the Species, 16, 1, 68-85. ", "p.77. ", "22 Without any memory connecting different experiences, and without any continuity between these experiences, we might think this sort of creature is replaceable: indeed, we might doubt that a real individual or self is snuffed out of the world when this being is killed. ", "This view of the inner lives of animals, however, is not supported by recent developments in the field of ethology and animal behavioral science. ", "For the vast majority of animals humans eat, particularly mammals, birds, and fish, we have good reason to believe that this is not how these animals experience the world. ", "These animals have shown the ability to recall events well into the past: rainbow fish, to give just one example, can remember the location of a hole in a net that they have not seen in eleven months. ", "36 Other animals recognize many other individuals with whom they live, they often exhibit preferences for which animals they spend their time with, and even develop friendships over time with other animals. ", "There are good reasons, then, to believe that the psychological continuity of these animals is likely much stronger than the mythical goldfish. ", "Several other problems confront the objection that death does not seriously harm other animals. ", "Perhaps most importantly, if we are justified in killing other animals because death is a less serious harm to them, then, at least in some circumstances, we might be justified in killing some humans (babies, individuals with severe cognitive disabilities, individuals with severe dementia). ", "But, again, that is not an acceptable conclusion. ", "So even if animals are harmed less by death, it does not follow that they are not seriously harmed by death. ", "With this, we don't think the pleasure human beings get from eating the flesh of other animals justifies killing them, even if death is less of a harm to them than it is to human beings. ", "Animals, after all, also get pleasure from eating. ", "So it is unclear why the momentary pleasures humans would get from eating the flesh of an animal should outweigh a lifetime of pleasure an individual animal experiences (both from eating and in other activities). ", "Further, the claim that other animals are incapable of achieving the same quality or level of well-being as human beings may only illustrate our human prejudice for our form and ways of life. ", "Why are things like human creativity, art, novels, and intimate friendships more valuable or 'higher goods' than the goods and activities that characterize the lives of pigs, cows, or chickens? ", "Is writing a novel, or enjoying poetry really more valuable or a higher good than 36 See Culum Brown (2001) \"Familiarity with the test environment improves escape responses in the crimson spotted rainbowfish, Melanotaenia duboulayi,\" Animal Cognition 4:109–113. ", "23 rooting in the mud or soaring high above the ground? ", "Offering a rationally compelling response to this question has proven more difficult than many philosophers might suspect. ", "37 There is no neutral ground from which we can consider whether or not we would prefer the life of a contented pig or the life of a human being: we can only consider this question from our own, human perspective. ", "And even if we think that many of the goods which characterize paradigmatic human lives are more valuable goods than the goods that characterize the lives of other animals, it does not follow that killing these animals does not seriously harm them. ", "After all, the goods that characterize their lives matter to them. ", "38 Finally, given the significant objections to the claim that animals are not seriously harmed by death, we think a more cautious approach is required. ", "We believe we have good reasons to reject the claim that death is not a serious harm to other animals. ", "But even if one wasn't convinced of this, given the uncertainty surrounding this account of how serious a harm death is for animals, we believe we ought to error on the side of caution. ", "As we have already seen, we have good reasons to hold that death is a harm to animals. ", "This claim is part of common sense (since nearly all of us would affirm it with respect to our companion animals) and we recognize it for human beings who lack certain intellectual capacities. ", "Further, we do not need to raise and kill animals to survive or lead flourishing lives. ", "Thus, given that those who think animals are not seriously harmed by death very well might be wrong, we believe we should err on the side of caution and not raise and kill animals for food, nor should we purchase meat or animal products. ", "Pet Chickens While we do not think we are justified in killing animals for food, we do think there are some circumstances where it is permissible to use chickens for their eggs. ", "This is only the case for companion hens and, in rather limited circumstances, hens used for eggs on 'hobby farms.' ", "If someone had hens whose needs were met, lived good lives, were protected and cared for (including access to veterinary care), and kept free from harm (in particular, they are not killed when their egg production slows or ceases), there doesn't seem to be anything wrong with 37 See Paulo Cavalieri, The Animal Question, Ch. ", "5. ", "38 For an interesting discussion of these issues, see Christine Korsgaard, \"Getting Animals In View.\" ", "http://www.thepointmag.com/2012/metaphysics/getting-animals-view 24 consuming their eggs. ", "These chickens are not harmed, especially since they do not seem to be at all bothered by their eggs being taken. ", "In these situations, we believe that purchasing and consuming these eggs is morally permissible. ", "There are concerns about how the initial chickens are acquired, however. ", "Since hatcheries seriously harm chickens by killing the male chicks, any acceptable adoption of chickens would have to acquire them in a way that did not contribute to the harming of other chickens. ", "Hens rescued from factory farms, or that have been discarded or abandoned by others, seem to be ideal options. ", "Many people also underestimate the lengths required to meet the conditions outlined above for backyard hens. ", "39 Concerning commercial, for-profit egg production, very few operations currently meet the standards outlined above. ", "Most egg farms, including nearly all 'organic', 'free range', and 'cage free' operations, seriously harm chickens: among other harms, they all kill the hens when their production slows. ", "The few places that do seem to meet our requirements are small scale operations, often animal sanctuaries that sell eggs from rescued hens. ", "40 It is acceptable to purchase eggs from commercial operations only if we are justified in believing that the conditions of the farm meet the ideal spelled out above. ", "This sets the bar rather high concerning what information we must have as consumers. ", "The motive to make a profit often has a corrosive effect on the lives and welfare of farmed animals, leading profit seekers to 'cut corners' in ways that harm animals. ", "Recognizing this, we should be cautious when considering whether or not the eggs come from a place that does not harm these hens. ", "We suspect this means that, in the vast majority of cases, we have an obligation not to purchase or consume eggs from commercial facilities. ", "If it can sometimes be permissible to use hens for their eggs, what about using cows for their milk? ", "We believe dairy production is nearly always impermissible. ", "Actions required to produce cow's milk – like forced impregnation, the separation of mother and calf, depriving the calf of his or her mother's milk (so that milk can be sold for humans), and over milking – harm the cow and her offspring. ", "And dairy cows, as female mammals, must have a calf in order to produce milk. ", "Current practices use male calves (who don't produce milk) for beef or veal and 39 The Humane Society of the United States outlines some of the challenges here: http://www.humanesociety.org/animals/chickens/tips/adopting_chickens.html 40 One possible example is Black Hen Farm, in California. ", "See their website for a description of what life is like for the chickens under their care. ", "http://www.blackhenfarm.com/index 25 female calves eventually become part of the cycle of dairy production. ", "These biological realities make morally permissible dairy production highly unlikely: to maintain a 1000-2000 pound cow for dairy production, without causing serious harms to her and her offspring, would be very difficult. '", "Not Eating Vegan can be Justified Because All Diets Cause Harm' Another justification for not eating vegan concerns the ways animals are harmed in the production of vegetables and other plant foods. ", "For almost everyone, no matter what foods we purchase and eat, we still contribute to practices that cause some animals to be harmed, including being killed. ", "Modern crop production inevitably kills some animals living in the fields: rabbits, birds, mice, and other small rodents are killed by tractors and harvesting machines, and other animals are killed by pesticides. ", "There is likely no diet that is free from harm. ", "Some could appeal to these facts to argue that our arguments imply, absurdly, that each of us has an obligation to grow all our own food, or to eat a diet of only fruits, nuts, and other plants that are produced in a way that avoids harming any animals. ", "41 Since this is too demanding, perhaps each of us is only obligated to take reasonable steps to reduce our consumption of animal products. ", "Maybe our obligations when it comes to what we ought to purchase and eat are much less uniform than we have argued. ", "Our own obligations might depend on our individual circumstances (where we live, how much money we have, our access to plant-based foods, etc.). ", "Given that it can be easier to be vegan in some places, perhaps not all of us have an obligation to eat a vegan diet. ", "We agree that our argument would be too demanding if it lead to the conclusion that we must grow our own food and not purchase vegetables and other plant food where some field animals are killed. ", "But our argument doesn't lead to this conclusion. ", "What anyone is obligated to do depends on what he or she can do, and most people just cannot grow all their own food or eat such a diet: that's not realistic. ", "We are only obligated to take reasonable steps to minimize harms that we contribute to with our food choices, but this is consistent with an obligation to be vegan. ", "41 To evaluate a demand that no animals be harmed, consider a demand to that we only drive automobiles in ways that resulted in no deaths for humans. ", "We could do this: we could have speed limits at, say, 5-10 miles per hour, with bubble bumpers all around the car. ", "But we don't do this and many deaths result. ", "Are these deaths morally justified? ", "If they are, then similar reason might justify the harms of some animals. ", "If not, then changes even more demanding than veganism are morally required. ", "26 Unlike meat and other animal products, there are no readily available alternatives to vegetables and other plant foods grown in ways that kill some field animals. ", "And foregoing these foods would seriously harm an individual: we all need something to eat. ", "Thus, the claim that each of us have an obligation to grow our food and boycott plants produced in a way that leads to the death of some field animals fails to meet the conditions we outlined in Step 2, for when an individual has an obligation not to buy a product. ", "We recognize that veganism is easier for some than others. ", "It is more difficult to be vegan in rural Montana than in a major American city. ", "Nevertheless, our argument does not make unreasonable demands. ", "A related objection here involves the claim that a vegan diet will not always result in the least harms to animals and human beings. ", "Since modern crop production kills some field animals, perhaps eating large animals, like cows, that feed on grass would result in the least animal deaths. ", "If one lives in a place where the cows are grass fed, perhaps eating beef would contribute the least to the death of animals, then were one to eat a vegan diet that included plant foods where field animals were killed. ", "There are challenging empirical and mathematical issues here, but it's worth noting, first, that this objection in no way justifies any standard diet involving factory farmed animals, since that clearly results in unjustified harms and fails to minimize the number of animals killed. ", "Factory farmed animals are fed corn and soy: producing these crops kills field animals, and then on top of that, the animals on factory farms are killed. ", "If this objection were sound, we would only be justified in eating large animals in situations where our doing this would contribute the least to the death of all animals. ", "Second, and more importantly, the data that has been marshalled in favor of these objections is just not convincing. ", "As far as we know, there is no strong empirical evidence against the claim that the vegan ideal would result in the death of the fewest animals. ", "42 V. Conclusions In sum, we have argued that each of us is obligated to eat vegan. ", "Step 1 argued that it is wrong to raise and kill animals for food since these practices cause serious harms to animals that are not justified. ", "Step 2 connected this conclusion to our own behavior: it's wrong to support those who 42 For discussion, see Andy Lamey, 'Food Fight! ", "Davis versus Regan on the Ethics of Eating Beef' (August 25, 2008). ", "Journal of Social Philosophy, Vol. ", "38, No. ", "2, pp. ", "331-348, Summer 2007. ", "27 act wrongly, when the conditions we outlined are met. ", "We then addressed several attempts to justify these harms and argued that they don't succeed. ", "But we cannot address every concern or objection, and there are many more than what we have considered here. ", "43 To evaluate other justifications for eating animal products, or objections to arguments like ours, we recommend identifying the complete pattern of reasoning and carefully trying to determine whether all the essential claims of the justification are true: if any are false, the justification fails. ", "Finally, we recommend being on guard for the 'tyranny of taste.' ", "44 As we saw with our earlier 'blood painter' example, human beings have a tendency to privilege the pleasure we get from food over other sources. ", "This is not surprising: food often occupies a central place in our lives and forms part of our identities and cultural traditions. ", "But this privileged status sometimes leads people to endorse rationalizations for harming animals, and human beings, that they would reject if the source of pleasure were different. ", "A useful corrective, then, is to consider whether or not the justification would be plausible if the source of pleasure were not food, but something else. ", "Seeing that harms inflicted on animals for pleasure or enjoyment from other activities are not justified can help us see that the harms humans inflict on so many animals for food are not justified either. ", "Dan Hooley, hooley.dan@gmail.com Nathan Nobis, nathan.nobis@gmail.com (404-825-1740) 43 For a discussion of the many other common objections to veganism, see the sources suggested above in note 27 by Nathan Nobis, Gary Francione and Anna Charlton and and Sherry F. Colb. ", "44 We borrow this term from James McWilliams, who coined it for a similar, but slightly different purpose." ]

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[ "Oh, the drama, such drama. ", "Last week longtime Bitcoin developer Mike Hearn declared “the Bitcoin experiment…has failed,” and marked his resignation from that community with a fusillade of verbal grenades (and a New York Times profile of his dissent.) ", "This in turn provoked a whole torrent of hot takes and reactions, which mostly had one thing in common: contempt for all who disagree.", "\n\nBram Cohen, the founder of BitTorrent, wrote Hearn’s rant off as “whiny ragequitting.” ", "Greg Slepak posted a detailed, point-by-point technical rebuttal of Hearn’s accusations; a redditor did much the same on /r/Bitcoin, as did Ron Gross on Medium. ", "Vivek Wadha declared “R.I.P., Bitcoin. ", "It’s time to move on,” for the Washington Post, and posted the same article under a slightly less inflammatory title, er, here. ", "Which in turn provoked another angry line-by-line response by Sam Patterson. ", "Are you exhausted yet?", "\n\nBeneath all that sound and fury, though, I promise you, something interesting is happening.", "\n\nBitcoin is, in fact, far further from death than it was all the (many) other times its demise was gleefully, and wrongfully, proclaimed. (", "Hearn’s central argument boils down to: “Bitcoin is failing because it has grown too popular!” ", "Uh-huh. “", "Nobody goes there any more, it’s too busy.”) ", "What does seem dead, however, is one particular vision of Bitcoin’s future; Hearn’s. ", "Hence his parting broadside, which was roughly 70% sour grapes … and 30% valid concerns.", "\n\nThe apparent cause of the Great Bitcoin Schism Of 2015 was a technical dispute over Bitcoin’s block size. ", "Long ago, Bitcoin’s implausibly mysterious progenitor Satoshi Nakamoto added a last-minute size limitation to the cryptocurrency’s “blocks” of transactions (which in turn make up its now-famous “blockchain.”) ", "This was intended as a temporary anti-spam measure.", "\n\nBut that single line of code also limits the overall capacity of Bitcoin, which has grown so popular that is beginning to approach that hard limit — a limit that cannot be modified without a “hard fork,” which could (to oversimplify) split the Bitcoin blockchain in two. ", "As long as a supermajority of the Bitcoin network quickly adopted the new code, this wouldn’t be disastrous — but it would still be a highly fraught exercise, and one that would inevitably leave some of the existing network behind.", "\n\nIf this were only a technical dispute, though, it would provoke far less rancor. ", "What’s really at stake here are two far more contentious things: what is the future of Bitcoin? ", "And who gets to define it?", "\n\n1/ People are conflating two separate debates in Bitcoin blocksize discussion: which technical measures to take and who 'decides' — Antonis Polemitis (@polemitis) January 16, 2016\n\n8/ In any case, I think the 'debate' would benefit from an explicit separation into proposed approach for tech and governance — Antonis Polemitis (@polemitis) January 16, 2016\n\nAs the always-perspicacious Fred Wilson put it, describing the first debate, “I liken it to this. ", "Should Bitcoin be Gold or should Bitcoin be Visa.” ", "Hearn’s vision was Bitcoin-as-Visa; a single vast transactional network. ", "The alternate vision, now apparently in the ascendant, is Bitcoin-as-Gold … with, eventually, a semi-separate Visa layer built atop it.", "\n\nPersonally I too think the latter is the right decision. ", "But the most important question, the crux of this Great Bitcoin Schism, is: who gets to make it?", "\n\nIn theory, the Bitcoin miners who have put many millions of dollars into their custom hardware decide what happens to the Bitcoin network. ", "But they’re not expert developers. ", "They can only choose whether or not to run the code presented to them. ", "In practice, as is so often the case, an enormous burden of authority and responsibility accrues not to they who own the hardware, but they who write the software.", "\n\nBitcoin is an open-source project, but it’s fair to say that its core development has been largely conducted by a fairly small number of developers. ", "This team–call them “Bitcoin Core”–is frequently accused (albeit on Reddit) of blatant conflict of interest, because several of them co-founded a well-funded startup called Blockstream, which is building, and presumably planning to monetize, various “Bitcoin 2.0” technologies. ", "Bitcoin Core is staunchly opposed to the plan by Hearn (and Bitcoin developer Gavin Andresen) to immediately introduce the “hard fork” described above. ", "Bitcoin Core favors a different plan to increase Bitcoin’s capacity.", "\n\nI don’t think they are afraid that a hard-fork capacity increase will interfere with Blockstream’s business model; I think they genuinely (and correctly) believe that it is a (currently) technically unnecessary and strategically dangerous idea. ", "But I also think they have explained themselves with the kind of dismissive lack of clarity all too common among brilliant engineers, and have misinterpreted and misunderstood the concerns of the rest of the Bitcoin ecosystem.", "\n\nAs a result, while Hearn may be gone, the hard fork lives on. ", "A new alternative called Bitcoin Classic, introduced by a group of technically inferior but politically wilier developers, appears to be winning considerable (though not decisive) support.", "\n\nI suspect things would have gone very differently if the Bitcoin Core folks had made what Ryan Shea calls “the scaling announcement they should have made.” ", "And I suspect that, as cooler heads correctly observe, these are inevitable growing pains, a healthy clash of cross-pollinating ideas that will be good for the Bitcoin project and ecosystem in the long run…\n\n…but let’s not all sing Kumbayah together just yet. ", "As I noted above, Mike Hearn’s swan song may have been 70% sour grapes–but it was 30% completely valid concerns. ", "Bitcoin’s runaway success, and the Great Bitcoin Schism Of 2015, have heightened the two uncomfortable fundamental contradictions still lurking darkly at its heart like Grendel.", "\n\nThe Bitcoin network must be decentralized, permissionless, and trustless. ", "Otherwise it literally has no reason to exist.", "\n\n.@brian_armstrong should bitcoin be controlled by you personally? ", "or andresen horowitz? ", "it's a p2p currency with decentralised control — Adam Back (@adam3us) January 16, 2016\n\n@adam3us @tedmrogers A Bitcoin where only a small no. ", "of large companies use the chain is not really Bitcoin anymore. ", "It's inefficient Visa. — ", "Matthew Green (@matthew_d_green) January 16, 2016\n\nBut Bitcoin “mining,” the process of forging and securing the all-important blockchain, has become an industrial rather than artisanal activity, which (for technical reasons) only makes financial sense for companies who run their own custom-built mining chips in places with extremely cheap electricity. ", "Hearn’s outrage that “the block chain is controlled by Chinese miners” may be one step removed from xenophobia, but the larger issue — that this decentralized system unfortunately happens to incentivize, maybe not centralization, but something a lot like oligarchization…\n\nOn stage right now: people representing approximately 90% of the Bitcoin hashing power. ", "Truly an historic moment. ", "pic.twitter.com/bKSuvGfzam — Jameson Lopp (@lopp) December 6, 2015\n\n…is very much an internal contradiction, and one that won’t go away any time soon.", "\n\nThe Bitcoin Core folks know this. ", "Indeed, their opposition to increasing the block size is partly rooted in a concern that it will centralize mining even further. ", "But, unfortunately, the second internal contradiction is that the decentralized Bitcoin project needs some form of technical governance and guidance. “", "Rough consensus and running code” sounds great; but rough consensus among whom? ", "Miners don’t have the technical chops to guide and evolve the Bitcoin codebase. ", "Very few people do, right now — and most of them are part of Bitcoin Core.", "\n\nWhich means that “decentralized” Bitcoin, especially now that the influential Hearn has flounced away, arguably already does have a de facto governance group… one that happens to be unwritten, informal, and largely employed by a single for-profit company. ", "However well-intentioned Bitcoin Core may be (and I personally completely believe in their good intentions) and despite the “rough consensus” from the Scaling Bitcoin conferences, it’s easy to see why many others find the situation awkward at best, and unacceptable at worst.", "\n\nI don’t have a solution for the first contradiction. ", "But I do for the second. ", "I submit that Bitcoin has grown in size and importance to the point that it now needs some equivalent of the IETF or ICANN. (", "Before anyone brings it up: no, not like the Bitcoin Foundation.) ", "That’s a deeply staid, boring, bureaucratic notion, I know, especially for a revolutionary anarchic decentralized cryptocurrency. ", "But technical decisions made under that kind of political aegis would be easier to accept for all concerned. ", "Perhaps the time has finally come for Bitcoin to become just a little bit more boring." ]

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[ "Hypercalcemic VX-2 carcinoma in rabbits: a clinicopathologic study.", "\nRabbits receiving intramuscular injections of VX-2 carcinoma cells in biceps femoris muscles developed rapidly progressive neoplastic growths at 14 to 21 days associated with a significant hypercalcemia. ", "The biologic behavior of the VX-2 carcinoma was characterized by local infiltration and metastases to regional lymph nodes and lungs. ", "No metastases to skeletal tissues were evident. ", "Femora from intramuscularly injected rabbits had varying degrees of osteophytosis and lysis evident roentgenographically. ", "Histopathologic evaluation of femoral sections revealed periosteal new bone growth, cortical osteolysis, endosteal new bone growth, and in a few long term rabbits, pathologic fractures. ", "Bone lesions were evident histologically in the vicinity of neoplastic growth (i.e., femora, tibiae) but not at distant sites (i.e., humeri and vertebrae). ", "Mineral analyses of VX-2 carcinoma tissues and kidneys from VX-2-bearing rabbits revealed concentrations of calcium 83 and 3 times greater, respectively, than those of skeletal muscle and kidneys from controls. ", "These findings correlated well with histochemical evidence of excessive amounts of calcium in sections of kidneys and VX-2 carcinoma tissues. ", "Rabbits receiving intraperitoneal injections of VX-2 carcinoma cells did not develop hypercalcemia despite an extensive, progressive neoplastic burden with metastases to abdominal and thoracic viscera. ", "Roentgenographic, histopathologic, and physiochemical analyses of selected bones from these rabbits revealed no significant alterations. ", "These findings indicate that VX-2 carcinoma cells need to be in close proximity to skeletal tissues in order to induce hypercalcemia. ", "The development of a significant hypercalcemia in intramuscularly injected rabbits precedes the invasion of osseous tissues by VX-2 carcinoma cells. ", "Therefore, it appears that VX-2 carcinoma cells have the ability to alter skeletal morphology and physiochemistry through a dual humoral/cellular mechanism. ", "The clinicopathologic characteristics of the VX-2 carcinoma in the rabbit suggest that the neoplasm is a good experimental model to study osseous-mediated hypercalcemia of malignancy." ]

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[ "The Portland Trail Blazers have named Jesse Elis their new Director of Player Health and Performance, according to a press release sent out by the team. ", "Elis replaces Chris Stackpole, who served in that position for the last four years.", "\n\nThe press release from the Blazers follows.", "\n\nThe Portland Trail Blazers have named Jesse Elis as their Director of Player Health and Performance, it was announced today by President of Basketball Operations Neil Olshey.", "\n\nElis will lead all facets of the Trail Blazers medical staff to collaboratively provide preventative maintenance and rehabilitative health care to Trail Blazers players. ", "He will work closely with the team's athletic trainers, physicians, strength and conditioning specialists, nutritionists, psychologists and therapeutic specialists to integrate rehabilitative concepts into performance training.", "\n\n\"The addition of Jesse is another step toward developing the finest health and performance staff in the NBA,\" said Olshey.", "\n\nA native of Dickinson, N.D., Elis joins the Trail Blazers from EXOS in Phoenix, Ariz., where he served as the Director of Physical Therapy for the past two years. ", "Prior to joining EXOS, Elis had extensive experience working with athletes as a concierge physical therapist for professional tennis players and working in China with both National and Olympic-based teams.", "\n\nElis received his bachelor's and doctorate degrees at the University of North Dakota, and completed a three-year post doctorate fellowship in the area of orthopedic manual therapy through the Evidence in Motion program. ", "He also is board certified through the American Physical Therapy Association in both Orthopedics and Sports while also carrying the designation as a Certified Strength and Conditioning Specialist. ", "Maintaining his involvement in continuing education programs, Elis teaches on multiple levels of both lecture and clinically-based courses." ]

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[ "OUR PRESIDENT\n\nMessage from the President\n\nAs President, my job is to see that everything is running well at Operation Rainbow Canada (ORC). ", "While we are a strong organization with an established record of successful missions over 17 years, the Membership and the Board still looks to me as a leader to help us improve our services to underprivileged children around the world.", "\n\nI am very proud of what ORC has accomplished over the years, keeping to our pledge to be 100% volunteer so that all funds raised go towards benefiting the kids. ", "With the support of the Board of ORC, I constantly challenge the team to keep to our high standards. ", "Luckily, we have some of most caring and compassionate people in the world as our members. ", "Aside from my plastic surgery practice, my time in Vancouver is spent with our Mission Planning Committee to plan future missions. ", "I actively look for opportunities to network with international partners and assess where our services are needed. ", "On ORC missions, I lead the surgery team and this includes both surgical, training and mentoring roles.", "\n\nWe are filled with pride at the difference we made overseas and we return to our homes in Canada also filled with gratitude at how lucky we are to be able to help.", "\n\nA mission is a fantastic opportunity for young medical professionals to be ‘seasoned’ in the field. ", "This type of training offers many benefits – the overseas patient receives free surgery, Medical Resident gains new skills and knowledge and Canadian patients receive skilled specialists who serve them in their daily lives. ", "There is also the long lasting impact of cross training with overseas medical practitioners and the sharing Canadian standards of medical practice. ", "Our mission members are energized and renewed after each mission. ", "We are filled with pride at the difference we made overseas and we return to our homes in Canada also filled with gratitude at how lucky we are to be able to help. ", "My vision for Operation Rainbow Canada is a continued legacy of excellence of medical missions to bring much needed free surgery to underprivileged children.", "\n\nI am very passionate about the value we bring to the future of these children and we are most grateful for the support of our friends, our families and our community. ", "We hope that you can join us in our journey to be the best in providing free reconstructive surgery to children in developing countries. ", "Please feel free to contact me directly to discuss.", "\n\nOur Founder and President, Dr. Kimit Rai, has received a number of prestigious awards for his humanitarian work with Operation Rainbow Canada, including: The Governor Generals Caring Canadian Award for his outstanding charitable contribution to the world as a Canadian in 2013, The University of British Columbia’s Outstanding Alumni Award in 2014, The Canadian Society of Plastic Surgeons’ Lifetime Achievement Award in 2015.", "\n\nDr. Kimit Rai has received the Canadian Society of Plastic Surgeons’ lifetime achievement award\n\nDr. Rai receives Alumni UBC Community Achievement Award\n\nDr. Kimit Rai received a UBC Faculty Community Service Award November 19, 2014, at the Four Seasons Hotel Vancouver – READ MORE" ]

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[ "Psychological job demands increase the risk of ischaemic heart disease: a 14-year cohort study of employed Danish men.", "\nTo test the relationship between job strain and the incidence of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) prospectively in the Danish working population. ", "In 1986, a clinical examination was undertaken of 659 men, all employed and without known IHD, together with a questionnaire-based evaluation of living conditions and psychosocial factors at work, including items identified in the job strain model. ", "This study was part of the World Health Organization-initiated MONICA II study. ", "In the job strain model, job strain is defined as the combination of high psychological demands and a low degree of control in the work situation. ", "An objective classification of the components in the job strain model was made by imputation by utilizing the participants' job title and the principles guiding the payment of their salaries/wages. ", "In addition, a questionnaire-based subjective classification was undertaken. ", "All participants were followed until the end of 1999 with regard to hospitalization and death as a result of IHD. ", "Stepwise analyses were made, adjusting for age, social class, social network and established behavioural and physiological coronary risk factors. ", "Self-reported job strain was significantly associated with IHD independently of standard coronary risk factors. ", "Of the two components in the job strain model only high demands contributed significantly to this result. ", "The study did not support the job strain hypothesis when an imputed, objective classification of the components in the job strain model was applied. ", "This is in accordance with the majority of other studies in this area. ", "An unexpected finding was that the incidence of IHD was highest among employers and managers. ", "High psychological demands at work are a risk factor for IHD, a fact that should affect the primary and secondary prevention of IHD." ]

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[ "The present invention relates to a device and method for measuring tire runout, and more specifically to a device and method for accurately measuring tire runout but which is mechanically simple, intuitive to use, yet very accurate.", "\n“Tire runout” describes OD tolerances/variations of a tire relative to its rotational axis when a wheel is rotated on a vehicle. ", "This is important since variations in tire runout result in “humps” on the tire that cause it to shake and vibrate, even after the tire has been balanced. ", "Further, the shake and vibration can be amplified due to harmonic vibrations that come and go at various speeds (depending on how many “humps” are in the tire). ", "Most tires should have less than 0.030 to 0.050 inches of runout. ", "Some trucks and SUVs can tolerate up to 0.060 inch of radial runout. ", "Tire manufacturers set runout specifications, and it is important that small garages and other lower-volume operations be able to accurately measure runout to ensure that the tires they install are within the manufacturer's specification. ", "The devices should be accurate but easy to work with, durable but not overly costly, and relatively simple but effective.", "\nSome measuring devices for measuring tire runout use needle gauges as an indicator. ", "A problem is that in many locations, tire installers are often untrained or not familiar with the needle gauges and thus do not use them correctly (nor take care of them, which can result in poor function). ", "Additionally, the gauges get dirty and/or are difficult to read. ", "For example, the difference between a runout measurement of 0.58 and 0.062 on a runout gauge can be very important, . . . ", "yet it is extremely difficult to tell the difference on most gauges since the gauge's needle indicator moves quickly over a peak of the runout and then quickly drops off as the tire is rotated. ", "Unless the operator takes extra time, the measurement is potentially not accurate, even when an accurate gauge is used. ", "Another problem is that some operators do not have good eyesight, such that they are unable to tell the difference between a narrow range of points on the gauge which, when combined with poor lighting, dirty gauges, and marginal gauge operation, combines to lead to additional inaccurate readings.", "\nSome measuring devices for measuring tire runout are complicated and expensive. ", "For example, see Parker U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "6,595,053. ", "While such complicated and expensive devices may be appropriate for sophisticated operations, high-volume operations, and/or OEM assembly plants, they are much too complicated and expensive for most small garage shops and vehicle dealerships." ]

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[ "Coincidence? ", "Or is there a big reveal in store for the series?", "\n\nNintendo is gearing up for their next Nintendo Direct broadcast this week, and it just so happens to be on the same day that Super Smash Bros. 4 is celebrating its three-year anniversary. ", "Interesting...\n\nThis Wednesday, September 13th, the company will run a stream on which they will share their plans for the Nintendo Switch and 3DS in the coming months. ", "The video feed is expected to run for nearly 45 minutes and will kick off at 3 p.m. PDT / 6 p.m. EDT.", "\n\nUpon learning the time and date of the next Nintendo Direct, fans were quick to point out that September 13th actually marks three years since the latest Smash Bros. entry's release. ", "On the same day back in 2014, Smash 4 landed on the 3DS in Japan.", "\n\nThe company often uses the Direct platform to make large announcements pertaining to their games. ", "Needless to say, the date has fans suspecting and hoping that a Smash Bros. for Nintendo Switch reveal is inbound.", "\n\nThe prospect of a Switch Smash Bros. is one that fans have been clamoring about for some time now. ", "Many were surprised to see that such a release was not a launch title for the console back in early March, and even more perplexed when it did not make an appearance at E3 this June.", "\n\nOver the course of 2017, we have certainly come across hints that indicate some form of Smash Bros. will make it to the Nintendo Switch. ", "Not long after the console became available to the public, Nintendo of America President Reggie Fils-Aime indirectly confirmed a Switch Smash Bros. in an interview with Katie Linendoll.", "\n\n\"Smash is obviously one of our best-selling franchises,\" Reggie said. \"", "What we say is that the philosophy that Nintendo has from a development standpoint is that for every platform, we want to have at least one [each] of our classic franchises.", "\n\n\"There's gonna be one great Super Mario experience, there's gonna be one great Zelda experience, so... you can anticipate at some point in the future, who knows when, that all of our franchises will be addressed. ", "We know that that the fans love these games, love this content, so stay tuned.\"", "\n\nThe plot only thickened when just last month the Danish Nintendo website posed a question to fans that asked: \"which of the three choices was released on July 21st on the Nintendo Switch?\" ", "Strangely enough, \"Super Smash Bros. for the Nintendo Switch\" was the first answer option listed.", "\n\nObviously, this isn't a confirmation in any way, but it is certainly peculiar.", "\n\nSo, if Super Smash Bros. 4 sees a release on the Nintendo Switch, what might it feature? ", "For starters, there are several characters, old and new, that fans want to see added.", "\n\nOne of Super Smash Bros. Melee's major contenders, the frosty Ice Climbers duo, was cut from Smash 4 due to hardware limitations. ", "Smash Bros. series creator Masahiro Sakurai explained that though the two fighters functioned properly on the Wii U, they presented issues on the 3DS.", "\n\nOn top of a potential Ice Climbers return, there are a plethora of new, highly requested combatants that could enter the fray. ", "Fighters such as Donkey Kong villain King K. Rool and/or the Choir Kids from Rhythm Heaven would be welcome additions to the series. ", "In fact, both made our list of characters we want to see in Smash 4.", "\n\nAdditional fighters would not be a new concept for the game. ", "We have already seen several combatants such as Bayonetta, Final Fantasy's Cloud, Ryu from Street Fighter, and more make their way into Smash 4 as DLC, so a release on the Nintendo Switch could (and probably should) include every character, stage, and Mii Fighter accessory that has been released over the years in one package.", "\n\nOutside of more content, competitive players would likely welcome another wave of balance changes to tone down the more powerful characters and improve those that are weaker.", "\n\nFor now, all we have of a Super Smash Bros. 4 on the Nintendo Switch is the fake, but convincing leak featuring screenshots of an \"updated version of the game.\"", "\n\nWe will have to wait until Wednesday to see what Nintendo has up their sleeves.", "\n\nFor more information on the upcoming Nintendo Direct, be sure to check out Nintendo's website.", "\n\nMentioned by tobydanger." ]

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[ "Wednesday, April 04, 2012\n\nA day does not go by that I do not think of her. ", "Some days I miss her, other days I feel indifferent, but I still think of her. ", "She was a big part of my life.", "\n\nShe was part of my life when I met Lauren. ", "At first Lauren was okay with her being around but as time wore on Lauren told me I needed to get rid of her. ", "I tried. ", "I would go a month, maybe two. ", "Then I would see her with someone else and it would remind me of all the good times. ", "I would bring her back. ", "She made me feel good and I always felt I deserved to feel good.", "\n\nLauren caught me a few times. ", "Lauren said she could smell her. ", "Lauren would plead with me. ", "I would feel guilty. ", "I would tell Lauren it was over. ", "And it was. ", "For a month or two. ", "I would go back. ", "I would sneak around trying to find moments to be alone with her.", "\n\nLauren and I were married. ", "I did my best not to bring her around. ", "I was starting a new life and did not need the baggage she would bring.", "\n\nI was sitting in a bar not too long after having our first child. ", "I saw her from across the room. ", "She was dancing with a group of people. ", "The way she gracefully swayed, entangling her way amongst her friends, the way she sparkled, bringing smiles to the faces of the people she was with mesmerized me. ", "I had to have her again.", "\n\nI missed her. ", "I missed how she made me feel. ", "I missed her scent. ", "I missed the taste of her on my lips. ", "I went back to her. ", "I knew I could not bring her around my children. ", "What would they think? ", "She was a bad influence on me, she would be a bad influence on my kids. ", "But I had to have her.", "\n\nI went back to sneaking around. ", "I would not see her all the time or as much as I used to but every now and then I would find a way to be with her. ", "I think Lauren knew but she was too busy with the kids to make a argument. ", "I think Lauren wanted to give me some space, let me figure things out.", "\n\nI finally did. ", "One day I came to realize what was important. ", "I stopped smoking cigarettes four years ago.", "\n\nI enjoyed smoking. ", "Sure, I was addicted but I enjoyed smoking. ", "Cigarettes were a big part of my life. ", "It was a difficult habit to break. ", "A day does not go by that I do not think of smoking. ", "Some days I miss cigarettes, other days I feel indifferent, but I still think of cigarettes.", "\n\n7 comments:\n\nIt's been 6 years since I quit for real (10 since I quit but had an occasional cigarette... yeah.). ", "I don't miss regular cigarettes, but boy oh boy do I miss clove cigarettes! ", "But my health and the example I'm setting for Gwen make the thought of going back gross to me.", "\n\nSo proud! ", "It's so right! ", "She is \"trashy\". ", "So glad you got rid of her. ", "Smelly, dirty, and looks awful undressed! ", "You made the right decision. ", "I saw her the other day in the gutter,near the trash disposal box...what was left of her anyway...I heard she is a disease carrier...Don't think of her. ", "Be glad she's gone! ", "I never did like her much." ]

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[ "NEWS\n\nProtests erupt in near Charlotte after deadly officer-involved shooting\n\nUpdated: 10:03 AM EDT Sep 21, 2016\n\nAdvertisement\n\nAdvertisement\n\nShare\n\nCopy Link\n\n{copyShortcut} to copy\nLink copied!", "\n\nProtests erupt in near Charlotte after deadly officer-involved shooting\n\nUpdated: 10:03 AM EDT Sep 21, 2016\n\nShare\n\nCopy Link\n\n{copyShortcut} to copy\nLink copied!", "\n\nCHARLOTTE, N.C. —\n\n(AP) - Television station aerial coverage is showing protesters breaking windows on a police vehicle after an officer shot a man earlier in the day at a Charlotte apartment complex.", "\n\nThe Charlotte-Mecklenburg Police Department has posted on its Twitter account that demonstrators are destroying marked police vehicles and one officer has sustained injuries that are not life threatening.", "\n\nEarlier, a tow truck was brought in to take another police cruiser away. ", "Local media outlets reported that car suffered damage to its rear end.", "\n\nOne television news crew has retreated from the scene after demonstrators began rocking their remote van, which was parked near the apartment complex where the shooting occurred.", "\n\nOverhead, the CMPD helicopter hovered, shining a spotlight on the protest. ", "rage is showing protesters breaking windows on a police vehicle after an officer shot a man earlier in the day at a Charlotte apartment complex.", "\n\nAdvertisement\n\nOn WSOC-TV footage Tuesday night, several of the vehicle's windows appeared to be broken and the windshield shattered. ", "Demonstrators lingered after the initial damage.", "\n\nThe Charlotte-Mecklenburg Police Department has posted on its Twitter account that demonstrators are destroying marked police vehicles and one officer has sustained injuries that are not life threatening.", "\n\nEarlier, a tow truck was brought in to take another police cruiser away. ", "Local media outlets reported that car suffered damage to its rear end.", "\n\nOne television news crew has retreated from the scene after demonstrators began rocking their remote van, which was parked near the apartment complex where the shooting occurred.", "\n\nOverhead, the CMPD helicopter hovered, shining a spotlight on the protest." ]

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[ "When the German city of Wiesbaden was voted the worst city for cycling in the country by a bike organization, a local creative agency decided to help change that with a new app called Radwende : As cyclists ride down city streets, the app traces each route and adds it to a giant crowdsourced map of suggested bike paths in the city.", "\n\nDesigners at Scholz and Volkmer saw it as a way to bring new digital approach to a problem that was a struggle for government and advocacy organizations.", "\n\n“We believe in change, because a lot of people in City Hall as well as citizens want it to happen,” says agency founder Michael Volkmer, who was the driving force behind the project. “", "But it’s a chicken-and-egg problem: The city doesn’t invest if people don’t cycle. ", "People do not cycle because it’s not safe. ", "We believe that design and technology can fix that.”", "\n\nSince late May, local cyclists have captured data from nearly 3,000 rides. ", "A robot processes the data from each day and traces the routes, one by one, out onto a map, so viewers can watch as the most popular routes get thicker and thicker–showing exactly where a new bike lane might be most helpful.", "\n\nThe robot and map just finished a run on display at an art museum. “", "The results were open to the public from the very beginning on the Radwende website,” says Volkmer. “", "It was just that the art world picked it up quicker than the politicians–that’s why we got the chance to build the machine in the museum.”", "\n\n\n\n\n\nThe city government has been closely watching the results; the mayor was one of the first people to get a printed version of the map, and members of city council have attended riding events.", "\n\nNow that the exhibit is over, the designers will continue to build the map. “", "The exhibit was a six-week window, producing one piece of art every day,” Volkmer says. “", "But the process of getting safer bike lanes is much longer. ", "We will collaborate with other organizations in the city to get more and more people to ride, use the app, and get more and better data.”" ]

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[ "Gas chromatographic analysis of metaldehyde in urine and plasma.", "\nA gas chromatographic assay specific for the direct analysis of metaldehyde in plasma and urine is reported. ", "This assay takes less than 30 min to perform, has good reproducibility, requires only routine equipment, and has a sensitivity of 1 ng/microL for urine and 2 ng/microL for plasma." ]

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", "Modification by hand will be lost.", "\r\n\r\n*/\r\n\r\nswitch(InputPointer[0])\r\n{\r\ncase TJS_W('a'):\r\ncase TJS_W('A'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[1])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('c'):\r\n case TJS_W('C'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[2])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('s'):\r\n case TJS_W('S'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[3])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('s'):\r\n case TJS_W('S'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[4])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('t'):\r\n case TJS_W('T'):\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[5])) { InputPointer += 5; yylex->val = 1030; return DP_TZ; }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n case TJS_W('t'):\r\n case TJS_W('T'):\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[4])) { InputPointer += 4; yylex->val = 930; return DP_TZ; }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n case TJS_W('d'):\r\n case TJS_W('D'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[2])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('t'):\r\n case TJS_W('T'):\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[3])) { InputPointer += 3; yylex->val = -300; return DP_TZ; }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n case TJS_W('e'):\r\n case TJS_W('E'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[2])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('s'):\r\n case TJS_W('S'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[3])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('s'):\r\n case TJS_W('S'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[4])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('t'):\r\n case TJS_W('T'):\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[5])) { InputPointer += 5; 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}\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n default:\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[3])) { InputPointer += 3; yylex->val = 7; return DP_MONTH; }\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n case TJS_W('w'):\r\n case TJS_W('W'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[2])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('s'):\r\n case TJS_W('S'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[3])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('s'):\r\n case TJS_W('S'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[4])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('t'):\r\n case TJS_W('T'):\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[5])) { InputPointer += 5; yylex->val = 900; return DP_TZ; }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n case TJS_W('t'):\r\n case TJS_W('T'):\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[4])) { InputPointer += 4; yylex->val = 800; return DP_TZ; }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n default:\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[1])) { InputPointer += 1; yylex->val = -100; return DP_TZ; }\r\n }\r\n break;\r\ncase TJS_W('b'):\r\ncase TJS_W('B'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[1])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('s'):\r\n case TJS_W('S'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[2])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('t'):\r\n case TJS_W('T'):\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[3])) { InputPointer += 3; yylex->val = 100; return DP_TZ; }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n case TJS_W('t'):\r\n case TJS_W('T'):\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[2])) { InputPointer += 2; yylex->val = 300; return DP_TZ; }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\ncase TJS_W('c'):\r\ncase TJS_W('C'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[1])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('a'):\r\n case TJS_W('A'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[2])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('d'):\r\n case TJS_W('D'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[3])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('t'):\r\n case TJS_W('T'):\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[4])) { InputPointer += 4; yylex->val = 1030; return DP_TZ; }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n case TJS_W('s'):\r\n case TJS_W('S'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[3])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('t'):\r\n case TJS_W('T'):\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[4])) { InputPointer += 4; yylex->val = 930; return DP_TZ; }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n case TJS_W('t'):\r\n case TJS_W('T'):\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[3])) { InputPointer += 3; yylex->val = -1000; return DP_TZ; }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n case TJS_W('c'):\r\n case TJS_W('C'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[2])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('t'):\r\n case TJS_W('T'):\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[3])) { InputPointer += 3; yylex->val = 800; return DP_TZ; }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n case TJS_W('d'):\r\n case TJS_W('D'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[2])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('t'):\r\n case TJS_W('T'):\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[3])) { InputPointer += 3; yylex->val = -500; return DP_TZ; }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n case TJS_W('e'):\r\n case TJS_W('E'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[2])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('t'):\r\n case TJS_W('T'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[3])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('d'):\r\n case TJS_W('D'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[4])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('s'):\r\n case TJS_W('S'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[5])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('t'):\r\n case TJS_W('T'):\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[6])) { InputPointer += 6; yylex->val = 200; return DP_TZ; }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n default:\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[3])) { InputPointer += 3; yylex->val = 100; return DP_TZ; }\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n case TJS_W('s'):\r\n case TJS_W('S'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[2])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('t'):\r\n case TJS_W('T'):\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[3])) { InputPointer += 3; yylex->val = -600; return DP_TZ; }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\ncase TJS_W('d'):\r\ncase TJS_W('D'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[1])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('e'):\r\n case TJS_W('E'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[2])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('c'):\r\n case TJS_W('C'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[3])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('.'):", "\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[4])) { InputPointer += 4; yylex->val = 11; return DP_MONTH; }\r\n break;\r\n case TJS_W('e'):\r\n case TJS_W('E'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[4])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('m'):\r\n case TJS_W('M'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[5])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('b'):\r\n case TJS_W('B'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[6])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('e'):\r\n case TJS_W('E'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[7])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('r'):\r\n case TJS_W('R'):\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[8])) { InputPointer += 8; yylex->val = 11; return DP_MONTH; }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n default:\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[3])) { InputPointer += 3; yylex->val = 11; return DP_MONTH; }\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n case TJS_W('n'):\r\n case TJS_W('N'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[2])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('t'):\r\n case TJS_W('T'):\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[3])) { InputPointer += 3; yylex->val = 100; return DP_TZ; }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\ncase TJS_W('e'):\r\ncase TJS_W('E'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[1])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('a'):\r\n case TJS_W('A'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[2])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('s'):\r\n case TJS_W('S'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[3])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('t'):\r\n case TJS_W('T'):\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[4])) { InputPointer += 4; yylex->val = 1000; return DP_TZ; }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n case TJS_W('d'):\r\n case TJS_W('D'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[2])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('t'):\r\n case TJS_W('T'):\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[3])) { InputPointer += 3; yylex->val = -400; return DP_TZ; }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n case TJS_W('e'):\r\n case TJS_W('E'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[2])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('t'):\r\n case TJS_W('T'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[3])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('d'):\r\n case TJS_W('D'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[4])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('s'):\r\n case TJS_W('S'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[5])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('t'):\r\n case TJS_W('T'):\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[6])) { InputPointer += 6; yylex->val = 300; return DP_TZ; }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n default:\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[3])) { InputPointer += 3; yylex->val = 200; return DP_TZ; }\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n case TJS_W('s'):\r\n case TJS_W('S'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[2])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('t'):\r\n case TJS_W('T'):\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[3])) { InputPointer += 3; yylex->val = -500; return DP_TZ; }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\ncase TJS_W('f'):\r\ncase TJS_W('F'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[1])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('e'):\r\n case TJS_W('E'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[2])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('b'):\r\n case TJS_W('B'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[3])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('.'):", "\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[4])) { InputPointer += 4; yylex->val = 1; return DP_MONTH; }\r\n break;\r\n case TJS_W('r'):\r\n case TJS_W('R'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[4])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('u'):\r\n case TJS_W('U'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[5])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('a'):\r\n case TJS_W('A'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[6])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('r'):\r\n case TJS_W('R'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[7])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('y'):\r\n case TJS_W('Y'):\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[8])) { InputPointer += 8; yylex->val = 1; return DP_MONTH; }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n default:\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[3])) { InputPointer += 3; yylex->val = 1; return DP_MONTH; }\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n case TJS_W('r'):\r\n case TJS_W('R'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[2])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('i'):\r\n case TJS_W('I'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[3])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('.'):", "\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[4])) { InputPointer += 4; yylex->val = 5; return DP_WDAY; }\r\n break;\r\n case TJS_W('d'):\r\n case TJS_W('D'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[4])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('a'):\r\n case TJS_W('A'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[5])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('y'):\r\n case TJS_W('Y'):\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[6])) { InputPointer += 6; yylex->val = 5; return DP_WDAY; }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n default:\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[3])) { InputPointer += 3; yylex->val = 5; return DP_WDAY; }\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n case TJS_W('s'):\r\n case TJS_W('S'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[2])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('t'):\r\n case TJS_W('T'):\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[3])) { InputPointer += 3; yylex->val = 100; return DP_TZ; }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n case TJS_W('w'):\r\n case TJS_W('W'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[2])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('t'):\r\n case TJS_W('T'):\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[3])) { InputPointer += 3; yylex->val = 200; return DP_TZ; }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\ncase TJS_W('g'):\r\ncase TJS_W('G'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[1])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('m'):\r\n case TJS_W('M'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[2])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('t'):\r\n case TJS_W('T'):\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[3])) { InputPointer += 3; yylex->val = 0; return DP_TZ; }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n case TJS_W('s'):\r\n case TJS_W('S'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[2])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('t'):\r\n case TJS_W('T'):\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[3])) { InputPointer += 3; yylex->val = 1000; return DP_TZ; }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\ncase TJS_W('h'):\r\ncase TJS_W('H'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[1])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('d'):\r\n case TJS_W('D'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[2])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('t'):\r\n case TJS_W('T'):\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[3])) { InputPointer += 3; yylex->val = -900; return DP_TZ; }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\ncase TJS_W('i'):\r\ncase TJS_W('I'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[1])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('d'):\r\n case TJS_W('D'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[2])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('l'):\r\n case TJS_W('L'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[3])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('e'):\r\n case TJS_W('E'):\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[4])) { InputPointer += 4; yylex->val = 1200; return DP_TZ; }\r\n break;\r\n case TJS_W('w'):\r\n case TJS_W('W'):\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[4])) { InputPointer += 4; yylex->val = -1200; return DP_TZ; }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n case TJS_W('s'):\r\n case TJS_W('S'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[2])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('t'):\r\n case TJS_W('T'):\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[3])) { InputPointer += 3; yylex->val = 200; return DP_TZ; }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n case TJS_W('t'):\r\n case TJS_W('T'):\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[2])) { InputPointer += 2; yylex->val = 330; return DP_TZ; }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\ncase TJS_W('j'):\r\ncase TJS_W('J'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[1])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('a'):\r\n case TJS_W('A'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[2])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('n'):\r\n case TJS_W('N'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[3])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('.'):", "\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[4])) { InputPointer += 4; yylex->val = 0; return DP_MONTH; }\r\n break;\r\n case TJS_W('u'):\r\n case TJS_W('U'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[4])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('a'):\r\n case TJS_W('A'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[5])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('r'):\r\n case TJS_W('R'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[6])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('y'):\r\n case TJS_W('Y'):\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[7])) { InputPointer += 7; yylex->val = 0; return DP_MONTH; }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n default:\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[3])) { InputPointer += 3; yylex->val = 0; return DP_MONTH; }\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n case TJS_W('s'):\r\n case TJS_W('S'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[2])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('t'):\r\n case TJS_W('T'):\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[3])) { InputPointer += 3; yylex->val = 900; return DP_TZ; }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n case TJS_W('t'):\r\n case TJS_W('T'):\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[2])) { InputPointer += 2; yylex->val = 730; return DP_TZ; }\r\n break;\r\n case TJS_W('u'):\r\n case TJS_W('U'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[2])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('.'):", "\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[3])) { InputPointer += 3; yylex->val = 5; return DP_MONTH; }\r\n break;\r\n case TJS_W('l'):\r\n case TJS_W('L'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[3])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('.'):", "\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[4])) { InputPointer += 4; yylex->val = 6; return DP_MONTH; }\r\n break;\r\n case TJS_W('y'):\r\n case TJS_W('Y'):\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[4])) { InputPointer += 4; yylex->val = 6; return DP_MONTH; }\r\n break;\r\n default:\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[3])) { InputPointer += 3; yylex->val = 6; return DP_MONTH; }\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n case TJS_W('n'):\r\n case TJS_W('N'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[3])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('.'):", "\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[4])) { InputPointer += 4; yylex->val = 5; return DP_MONTH; }\r\n break;\r\n case TJS_W('e'):\r\n case TJS_W('E'):\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[4])) { InputPointer += 4; yylex->val = 5; return DP_MONTH; }\r\n break;\r\n default:\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[3])) { InputPointer += 3; yylex->val = 5; return DP_MONTH; }\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n default:\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[2])) { InputPointer += 2; yylex->val = 5; return DP_MONTH; }\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\ncase TJS_W('k'):\r\ncase TJS_W('K'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[1])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('s'):\r\n case TJS_W('S'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[2])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('t'):\r\n case TJS_W('T'):\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[3])) { InputPointer += 3; yylex->val = 900; return DP_TZ; }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\ncase TJS_W('l'):\r\ncase TJS_W('L'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[1])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('i'):\r\n case TJS_W('I'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[2])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('g'):\r\n case TJS_W('G'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[3])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('t'):\r\n case TJS_W('T'):\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[4])) { InputPointer += 4; yylex->val = 1000; return DP_TZ; }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\ncase TJS_W('m'):\r\ncase TJS_W('M'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[1])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('a'):\r\n case TJS_W('A'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[2])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('r'):\r\n case TJS_W('R'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[3])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('.'):", "\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[4])) { InputPointer += 4; yylex->val = 2; return DP_MONTH; }\r\n break;\r\n case TJS_W('c'):\r\n case TJS_W('C'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[4])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('h'):\r\n case TJS_W('H'):\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[5])) { InputPointer += 5; yylex->val = 2; return DP_MONTH; }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n default:\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[3])) { InputPointer += 3; yylex->val = 2; return DP_MONTH; }\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n case TJS_W('y'):\r\n case TJS_W('Y'):\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[3])) { InputPointer += 3; yylex->val = 4; return DP_MONTH; }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n case TJS_W('d'):\r\n case TJS_W('D'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[2])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('t'):\r\n case TJS_W('T'):\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[3])) { InputPointer += 3; yylex->val = -600; return DP_TZ; }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n case TJS_W('e'):\r\n case TJS_W('E'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[2])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('s'):\r\n case TJS_W('S'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[3])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('t'):\r\n case TJS_W('T'):\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[4])) { InputPointer += 4; yylex->val = 200; return DP_TZ; }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n case TJS_W('t'):\r\n case TJS_W('T'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[3])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('d'):\r\n case TJS_W('D'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[4])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('s'):\r\n case TJS_W('S'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[5])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('t'):\r\n case TJS_W('T'):\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[6])) { InputPointer += 6; yylex->val = 200; return DP_TZ; }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n default:\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[3])) { InputPointer += 3; yylex->val = 100; return DP_TZ; }\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n case TJS_W('w'):\r\n case TJS_W('W'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[3])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('t'):\r\n case TJS_W('T'):\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[4])) { InputPointer += 4; yylex->val = 100; return DP_TZ; }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n case TJS_W('z'):\r\n case TJS_W('Z'):\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[3])) { InputPointer += 3; yylex->val = 100; return DP_TZ; }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n case TJS_W('o'):\r\n case TJS_W('O'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[2])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('n'):\r\n case TJS_W('N'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[3])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('.'):", "\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[4])) { InputPointer += 4; yylex->val = 1; return DP_WDAY; }\r\n break;\r\n case TJS_W('d'):\r\n case TJS_W('D'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[4])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('a'):\r\n case TJS_W('A'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[5])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('y'):\r\n case TJS_W('Y'):\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[6])) { InputPointer += 6; yylex->val = 1; return DP_WDAY; }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n default:\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[3])) { InputPointer += 3; yylex->val = 1; return DP_WDAY; }\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n case TJS_W('s'):\r\n case TJS_W('S'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[2])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('t'):\r\n case TJS_W('T'):\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[3])) { InputPointer += 3; yylex->val = -700; return DP_TZ; }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n case TJS_W('t'):\r\n case TJS_W('T'):\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[2])) { InputPointer += 2; yylex->val = 830; return DP_TZ; }\r\n break;\r\n default:\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[1])) { InputPointer += 1; yylex->val = -1200; return DP_TZ; }\r\n }\r\n break;\r\ncase TJS_W('n'):\r\ncase TJS_W('N'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[1])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('d'):\r\n case TJS_W('D'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[2])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('t'):\r\n case TJS_W('T'):\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[3])) { InputPointer += 3; yylex->val = -230; return DP_TZ; }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n case TJS_W('f'):\r\n case TJS_W('F'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[2])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('t'):\r\n case TJS_W('T'):\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[3])) { InputPointer += 3; yylex->val = -330; return DP_TZ; }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n case TJS_W('o'):\r\n case TJS_W('O'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[2])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('r'):\r\n case TJS_W('R'):\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[3])) { InputPointer += 3; yylex->val = 100; return DP_TZ; }\r\n break;\r\n case TJS_W('v'):\r\n case TJS_W('V'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[3])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('.'):", "\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[4])) { InputPointer += 4; yylex->val = 10; return DP_MONTH; }\r\n break;\r\n case TJS_W('e'):\r\n case TJS_W('E'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[4])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('m'):\r\n case TJS_W('M'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[5])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('b'):\r\n case TJS_W('B'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[6])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('e'):\r\n case TJS_W('E'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[7])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('r'):\r\n case TJS_W('R'):\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[8])) { InputPointer += 8; yylex->val = 10; return DP_MONTH; }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n default:\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[3])) { InputPointer += 3; yylex->val = 10; return DP_MONTH; }\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n case TJS_W('s'):\r\n case TJS_W('S'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[2])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('t'):\r\n case TJS_W('T'):\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[3])) { InputPointer += 3; yylex->val = -330; return DP_TZ; }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n case TJS_W('t'):\r\n case TJS_W('T'):\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[2])) { InputPointer += 2; yylex->val = -1100; return DP_TZ; }\r\n break;\r\n case TJS_W('z'):\r\n case TJS_W('Z'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[2])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('d'):\r\n case TJS_W('D'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[3])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('t'):\r\n case TJS_W('T'):\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[4])) { InputPointer += 4; yylex->val = 1300; return DP_TZ; }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n case TJS_W('s'):\r\n case TJS_W('S'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[3])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('t'):\r\n case TJS_W('T'):\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[4])) { InputPointer += 4; yylex->val = 1200; return DP_TZ; }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n case TJS_W('t'):\r\n case TJS_W('T'):\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[3])) { InputPointer += 3; yylex->val = 1200; return DP_TZ; }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n default:\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[1])) { InputPointer += 1; yylex->val = 100; return DP_TZ; }\r\n }\r\n break;\r\ncase TJS_W('o'):\r\ncase TJS_W('O'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[1])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('c'):\r\n case TJS_W('C'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[2])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('t'):\r\n case TJS_W('T'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[3])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('.'):", "\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[4])) { InputPointer += 4; yylex->val = 9; return DP_MONTH; }\r\n break;\r\n case TJS_W('o'):\r\n case TJS_W('O'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[4])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('b'):\r\n case TJS_W('B'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[5])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('e'):\r\n case TJS_W('E'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[6])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('r'):\r\n case TJS_W('R'):\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[7])) { InputPointer += 7; yylex->val = 9; return DP_MONTH; }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n default:\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[3])) { InputPointer += 3; yylex->val = 9; return DP_MONTH; }\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\ncase TJS_W('p'):\r\ncase TJS_W('P'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[1])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('d'):\r\n case TJS_W('D'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[2])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('t'):\r\n case TJS_W('T'):\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[3])) { InputPointer += 3; yylex->val = -700; return DP_TZ; }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n case TJS_W('m'):\r\n case TJS_W('M'):\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[2])) { InputPointer += 2; yylex->val = 0; return DP_PM; }\r\n break;\r\n case TJS_W('s'):\r\n case TJS_W('S'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[2])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('t'):\r\n case TJS_W('T'):\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[3])) { InputPointer += 3; yylex->val = -800; return DP_TZ; }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\ncase TJS_W('s'):\r\ncase TJS_W('S'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[1])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('a'):\r\n case TJS_W('A'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[2])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('d'):\r\n case TJS_W('D'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[3])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('t'):\r\n case TJS_W('T'):\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[4])) { InputPointer += 4; yylex->val = 1030; return DP_TZ; }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n case TJS_W('s'):\r\n case TJS_W('S'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[3])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('t'):\r\n case TJS_W('T'):\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[4])) { InputPointer += 4; yylex->val = 930; return DP_TZ; }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n case TJS_W('t'):\r\n case TJS_W('T'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[3])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('.'):", "\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[4])) { InputPointer += 4; yylex->val = 6; return DP_WDAY; }\r\n break;\r\n case TJS_W('u'):\r\n case TJS_W('U'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[4])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('r'):\r\n case TJS_W('R'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[5])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('d'):\r\n case TJS_W('D'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[6])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('a'):\r\n case TJS_W('A'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[7])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('y'):\r\n case TJS_W('Y'):\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[8])) { InputPointer += 8; yylex->val = 6; return DP_WDAY; }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n default:\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[3])) { InputPointer += 3; yylex->val = 6; return DP_WDAY; }\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n case TJS_W('e'):\r\n case TJS_W('E'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[2])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('p'):\r\n case TJS_W('P'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[3])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('.'):", "\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[4])) { InputPointer += 4; yylex->val = 8; return DP_MONTH; }\r\n break;\r\n case TJS_W('t'):\r\n case TJS_W('T'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[4])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('.'):", "\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[5])) { InputPointer += 5; yylex->val = 8; return DP_MONTH; }\r\n break;\r\n case TJS_W('e'):\r\n case TJS_W('E'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[5])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('m'):\r\n case TJS_W('M'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[6])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('b'):\r\n case TJS_W('B'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[7])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('e'):\r\n case TJS_W('E'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[8])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('r'):\r\n case TJS_W('R'):\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[9])) { InputPointer += 9; yylex->val = 8; return DP_MONTH; }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n default:\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[4])) { InputPointer += 4; yylex->val = 8; return DP_MONTH; }\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n default:\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[3])) { InputPointer += 3; yylex->val = 8; return DP_MONTH; }\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n case TJS_W('t'):\r\n case TJS_W('T'):\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[3])) { InputPointer += 3; yylex->val = 100; return DP_TZ; }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n case TJS_W('s'):\r\n case TJS_W('S'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[2])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('t'):\r\n case TJS_W('T'):\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[3])) { InputPointer += 3; yylex->val = 200; return DP_TZ; }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n case TJS_W('u'):\r\n case TJS_W('U'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[2])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('n'):\r\n case TJS_W('N'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[3])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('.'):", "\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[4])) { InputPointer += 4; yylex->val = 0; return DP_WDAY; }\r\n break;\r\n case TJS_W('d'):\r\n case TJS_W('D'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[4])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('a'):\r\n case TJS_W('A'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[5])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('y'):\r\n case TJS_W('Y'):\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[6])) { InputPointer += 6; yylex->val = 0; return DP_WDAY; }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n default:\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[3])) { InputPointer += 3; yylex->val = 0; return DP_WDAY; }\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n case TJS_W('w'):\r\n case TJS_W('W'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[2])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('t'):\r\n case TJS_W('T'):\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[3])) { InputPointer += 3; yylex->val = 100; return DP_TZ; }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\ncase TJS_W('t'):\r\ncase TJS_W('T'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[1])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('h'):\r\n case TJS_W('H'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[2])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('u'):\r\n case TJS_W('U'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[3])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('.'):", "\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[4])) { InputPointer += 4; yylex->val = 4; return DP_WDAY; }\r\n break;\r\n case TJS_W('r'):\r\n case TJS_W('R'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[4])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('s'):\r\n case TJS_W('S'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[5])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('.'):", "\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[6])) { InputPointer += 6; yylex->val = 4; return DP_WDAY; }\r\n break;\r\n case TJS_W('d'):\r\n case TJS_W('D'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[6])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('a'):\r\n case TJS_W('A'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[7])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('y'):\r\n case TJS_W('Y'):\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[8])) { InputPointer += 8; yylex->val = 4; return DP_WDAY; }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n default:\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[5])) { InputPointer += 5; yylex->val = 4; return DP_WDAY; }\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n default:\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[3])) { InputPointer += 3; yylex->val = 4; return DP_WDAY; }\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n case TJS_W('u'):\r\n case TJS_W('U'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[2])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('e'):\r\n case TJS_W('E'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[3])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('.'):", "\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[4])) { InputPointer += 4; yylex->val = 2; return DP_WDAY; }\r\n break;\r\n case TJS_W('s'):\r\n case TJS_W('S'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[4])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('.'):", "\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[5])) { InputPointer += 5; yylex->val = 2; return DP_WDAY; }\r\n break;\r\n case TJS_W('d'):\r\n case TJS_W('D'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[5])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('a'):\r\n case TJS_W('A'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[6])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('y'):\r\n case TJS_W('Y'):\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[7])) { InputPointer += 7; yylex->val = 2; return DP_WDAY; }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n default:\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[4])) { InputPointer += 4; yylex->val = 2; return DP_WDAY; }\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n default:\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[3])) { InputPointer += 3; yylex->val = 2; return DP_WDAY; }\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\ncase TJS_W('u'):\r\ncase TJS_W('U'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[1])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('t'):\r\n case TJS_W('T'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[2])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('c'):\r\n case TJS_W('C'):\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[3])) { InputPointer += 3; yylex->val = 0; return DP_TZ; }\r\n break;\r\n default:\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[2])) { InputPointer += 2; yylex->val = 0; return DP_TZ; }\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\ncase TJS_W('w'):\r\ncase TJS_W('W'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[1])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('a'):\r\n case TJS_W('A'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[2])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('d'):\r\n case TJS_W('D'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[3])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('t'):\r\n case TJS_W('T'):\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[4])) { InputPointer += 4; yylex->val = 800; return DP_TZ; }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n case TJS_W('s'):\r\n case TJS_W('S'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[3])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('t'):\r\n case TJS_W('T'):\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[4])) { InputPointer += 4; yylex->val = 700; return DP_TZ; }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n case TJS_W('t'):\r\n case TJS_W('T'):\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[3])) { InputPointer += 3; yylex->val = -100; return DP_TZ; }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n case TJS_W('d'):\r\n case TJS_W('D'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[2])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('t'):\r\n case TJS_W('T'):\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[3])) { InputPointer += 3; yylex->val = 900; return DP_TZ; }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n case TJS_W('e'):\r\n case TJS_W('E'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[2])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('d'):\r\n case TJS_W('D'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[3])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('.'):", "\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[4])) { InputPointer += 4; yylex->val = 3; return DP_WDAY; }\r\n break;\r\n case TJS_W('n'):\r\n case TJS_W('N'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[4])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('e'):\r\n case TJS_W('E'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[5])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('s'):\r\n case TJS_W('S'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[6])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('d'):\r\n case TJS_W('D'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[7])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('a'):\r\n case TJS_W('A'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[8])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('y'):\r\n case TJS_W('Y'):\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[9])) { InputPointer += 9; yylex->val = 3; return DP_WDAY; }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n default:\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[3])) { InputPointer += 3; yylex->val = 3; return DP_WDAY; }\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n case TJS_W('t'):\r\n case TJS_W('T'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[3])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('d'):\r\n case TJS_W('D'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[4])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('s'):\r\n case TJS_W('S'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[5])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('t'):\r\n case TJS_W('T'):\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[6])) { InputPointer += 6; yylex->val = 100; return DP_TZ; }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n default:\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[3])) { InputPointer += 3; yylex->val = 0; return DP_TZ; }\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n case TJS_W('s'):\r\n case TJS_W('S'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[2])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('t'):\r\n case TJS_W('T'):\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[3])) { InputPointer += 3; yylex->val = 800; return DP_TZ; }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\ncase TJS_W('y'):\r\ncase TJS_W('Y'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[1])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('d'):\r\n case TJS_W('D'):\r\n switch(InputPointer[2])\r\n {\r\n case TJS_W('t'):\r\n case TJS_W('T'):\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[3])) { InputPointer += 3; yylex->val = -800; return DP_TZ; }\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n break;\r\n default:\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[1])) { InputPointer += 1; yylex->val = 1200; return DP_TZ; }\r\n }\r\n break;\r\ncase TJS_W('z'):\r\ncase TJS_W('Z'):\r\n if(!TJS_iswalpha(InputPointer[1])) { InputPointer += 1; yylex->val = 0; return DP_TZ; }\r\n break;\r\n}\r\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

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[ "Athletics at the 2007 Pan American Games – Women's 100 metres\n\nThe women's 100 metres event at the 2007 Pan American Games was held on July 23–24.", "\n\nMedalists\n\nResults\n\nHeats\nQualification: First 3 of each heat (Q) and the next 4 fastest (q) qualified for the semifinals.", "\n\nWind:Heat 1: +2.1 m/s, Heat 2: +0.6 m/s, Heat 3: +2.2 m/s, Heat 4: +0.9 m/s\n\nSemifinals\nQualification: First 4 of each semifinal (Q) qualified directly for the final.", "\n\nWind:Heat 1: +0.6 m/s, Heat 2: +0.1 m/s\n\nFinal\nWind: +0.8 m/s\n\nReferences\nOfficial results\n\n100\n2007\nCategory:2007 in women's athletics" ]

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[ "“The high voting rates\nreflect the will of the Arab public to take part in the Israeli political\nprocess,” The Abraham Fund Initiatives – an NGO promoting coexistence and\nequality among Israel’s Jewish and Arab citizens, said in a report released on\nWednesday.", "\n\nDespite a previous downward trend in Arab voting, this\nelection showed that the Arab public believes in their representatives in the\nKnesset and in their ability to promote Arab interests, according to the\nreport.", "\n\nAmnon Beeri-Sulitzeanu, co-executive director of The Abraham\nFund, told The Jerusalem Post that the voting data showed a higher turnout rate\nthan the 53% in 2009.", "\n\n“We have been working hard to get out the Arab vote\nregardless of who they were voting for, just as long as they would use their\ncivic right to vote,” Beeri-Sulitzeanu said.", "\n\n“What we saw [on Tuesday]\nnight was a sign of confidence by Arab voters in their leaders and parties. ", "It\nwas also a signal from the Arab community that they want to be engaged in the\npolitical system.”", "\n\nHe called this a “very significant” change.", "\n\n“In\nprevious years we were talking about disengagement and alienation, but now it\nseems that there is a change in the trend and more will [become] engaged. ", "They\nare seeking dialogue and engagement with the Jewish majority. ", "Had Arab voter\nturnout stayed the same as in 2009, we would have seen a drop in seats for the\nArab parties,” Beeri- Sulitzeanu said.", "\n\nKafr Kasim, near Rosh Ha’ayin, led\nthe Arab sector with close to 80% turnout, according to the Central Elections\nCommittee.", "\n\nOther major Arab population centers also had a high turnout:\nJaljulya at 70%, Kafr Bara 59%, Taibe 60%, Tira 59%, Rahat 57%, Umm el-Fahm 57%\nand Sakhnin around 80%.", "\n\nSome interesting results were seen in the Arab\nsector, for example in Kafr Kasim, where 12 votes were cast for Bayit Yehudi, 33\nfor Shas and one for Strong Israel. ", "Many other Arab towns cast small numbers of\nvotes for right-wing Zionist parties. ", "For example in Sakhnin, in the Western\nGalilee, Strong Israel received nine votes, Shas 31 and United Torah Judaism\n22.", "\n\nThe Arab parties’ results were as follows: United Arab List-Ta’al\nfour, Balad three and the Arab-Jewish Hadash four, with other Arab votes going\nto Meretz, which has Issawi Freij entering the Knesset on its list.", "\n\nHe\nreceived strong support from his hometown, Kafr Kasim.", "\n\nArab party leaders\nexpressed disappointment that turnout was not even higher, saying more votes\ncould have tipped the balance, preventing a right-wing\ngovernment.", "\n\nUAL-Ta’al leader Ahmed Tibi told Ynet, “I have no doubt that\nwe will continue to lead the Arab sector,” but if the turnout had “gone up by\n10% we could have toppled the Right’s rule and pushed Netanyahu and Liberman\nfrom leadership. ", "This was a missed opportunity.”", "\n\nThe statistics\ncontradicted expectations in the Israeli and international media before Election\nDay that predicted a drop in Arab turnout.", "\n\nHadash MK Dov Henin told the\nPost that he is happy that the numbers of Arabs voting increased, because his\nparty “worked hard” for this.", "\n\nHe said that he was satisfied with Hadash’s\nresults because it was able to maintain its strength at four mandates, although\nit had wanted to grow.", "\n\nIn any case, Henin added, “we are happy because\nthe Right got weaker.”", "\n\nPrime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu plan was to hold\nearly elections in order to win more mandates, “but he got fewer. ", "His plan\nfailed,” Henin said." ]

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[ "Advances in scoliosis brace treatment for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.", "\nOrthotic treatment with a brace remains the treatment of choice for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in the immature patient with documented progression or a curve magnitude of 25 degrees to 40 degrees . ", "Studies of natural history and bracing consistently show high rates of curve progression and surgery with observation and significantly less so with brace treatment. ", "Brace treatment is difficult in overweight patients and challenging in males. ", "Many of the variations in brace study results may be attributable to differing rates of compliance with brace wear, a parameter that is becoming easier to measure." ]

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[ " FILED\n NOT FOR PUBLICATION OCT 7 2011\n\n MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK\n UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS U .S. C O U R T OF APPE ALS\n\n\n\n\n FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT\n\n\n\nVERNON DAVE WELCH, No. ", "07-16449\n\n Plaintiff - Appellant, D.C. No. ", "CV-04-05158-WHA\n\n v.\n MEMORANDUM *\nPAUL HENRY, individually and as\nLieutenant Investigative Unit in the Police\nDepartment of the City of Santa Rosa; et\nal.,", "\n\n Defendants - Appellees.", "\n\n\n\n Appeal from the United States District Court\n for the Northern District of California\n William H. Alsup, District Judge, Presiding\n\n Submitted September 27, 2011 **\n\nBefore: SILVERMAN, W. FLETCHER, and MURGUIA, Circuit Judges.", "\n\n Vernon Dave Welch, a California state prisoner, appeals pro se from the\n\ndistrict court’s judgment dismissing his 42 U.S.C. § 1983 action for failure to file\n\n\n *\n This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent\nexcept as provided by 9th Cir. ", "R. 36-3.", "\n **\n The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision\nwithout oral argument. ", "See Fed. ", "R. App. ", "P. 34(a)(2).", "\n\fan amended complaint. ", "We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291. ", "We review\n\nfor an abuse of discretion, Ordonez v. Johnson, 254 F.3d 814, 815-16 (9th Cir.", "\n\n2001) (per curiam), and we vacate and remand.", "\n\n The district court dismissed Welch’s action for failure to amend his\n\ncomplaint after the court dismissed his complaint with leave to amend. ", "However,\n\nWelch filed an amended complaint that the district court “deemed timely.” ", "Dist.", "\n\nCt. ", "Dkt. ", "13. ", "Therefore, the district court’s dismissal of Welch’s action on this basis\n\nwas improper. ", "See Ordonez, 254 F.3d at 816 (district court abused its discretion by\n\ndismissing pro se prisoner’s action for failure to file a timely amended complaint\n\nbecause the prisoner constructively filed an amended complaint before the filing\n\ndeadline).", "\n\n Moreover, contrary to its dismissal order, the district court’s judgment states\n\nthat the court dismissed Welch’s complaint for failure state a claim. ", "However,\n\nthere is no indication in the record that the district court analyzed Welch’s second\n\namended complaint or gave Welch sufficient notice of the complaint’s\n\ndeficiencies. ", "See Lucas v. Dep’t of Corr., ", "66 F.3d 245, 248 (9th Cir. ", "1995) (per\n\ncuriam) (“Unless it is absolutely clear that no amendment can cure the defect . . . ,", "\n\na pro se litigant is entitled to notice of the complaint’s deficiencies and an\n\nopportunity to amend prior to dismissal of the action.”).", "\n\n\n 2 07-16449\n\fAccordingly, we vacate the judgment and remand for further proceedings.", "\n\nWelch shall bear his own costs on appeal.", "\n\nVACATED and REMANDED.", "\n\n\n\n\n 3 07-16449\n\f" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "FreeLaw" }

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[ "Q:\n\nHow to add a printer in gnome-shell\n\nI'm using Gnome Shell (although I'm not sure whether the \"Printers\" app is part of that or just part of Gnome).", "\nI go to \"Printers\" from the overview, click the + button on the bottom left, choose network and then see a message \"FirewallD is not running. ", "Network printer detection needs services mdns, ipp, ipp-client and samba-client enabled on firewall.\".", "\nIt's not auto detected anything. ", "There's an Address box and a Search by Address tickbox, but neither seem to do anything. ", "I'm frustrated because I know all the details of the printer, but have nowhere to put them in. ", "Automation is supposed to make things easier, no?", "\nFor example I know the printer is at lpd://10.67.5.3/lp1 but I can't put this in anywhere.", "\nIs there a GUI that works, or have I misunderstood how to use it?", "\n\nA:\n\nThe Gnome Printer interface still has quite a few bugs (like the one you mentioned). ", "To use the Printer interface that comes with Ubuntu, press Alt F2, and type in system-config-printer.", "\n\nA:\n\nDitch gnome's GUI and revert to the good ol' CUPS interface at http://localhost:631 \nClick Add Printer and follow the instructions on screen.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Pentacitrotus maculatus\n\nPentacitrotus maculatus is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. ", "It is found in Nepal.", "\n\nThe wingspan is about 15 mm. ", "The forewings are orange lilac, margined by a narrow black line and with black markings, bordered by narrow leaden-metallic lines. ", "The hindwings are crimson orange or dark reddish orange with brownish-black markings.", "\n\nReferences\n\nCategory:Moths described in 1993\nCategory:Ceracini" ]

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[ "Hafiz Saeed’s Twitter account blocked after “Indian media's pressure”\n\nAttempts to access the Twitter page of Hafiz Muhammad Saeed, chief of the Jamaat-ud-Dawa (JuD) group alleged to have been behind the 2008 Mumbai attacks, resulted in a message saying the account had been suspended.", "\n\n“The Indian media is propagating against Hafiz Saeed and the Twitter administration has also been forced by the same Indian media,” Asif Khurshid, a JuD spokesman told AFP.", "\n\n“Twitter must clarify its position because Jamaat-ud-Dawa is a charity and an Islamic welfare organisation,” he said.", "\n\nTwitter did not respond to a request for comment by AFP.", "\n\nSaeed used his account on Twitter, which was active for several years to direct messages of hate toward India and express support for the disputed region of Kashmir’s right to self-determination.", "\n\nJuD is listed as an alias of the Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT) Islamist group by the United Nations, which has also labelled Saeed an abettor of Al Qaeda and brought sanctions against him, although he has never been convicted of a crime inside Pakistan.", "\n\nAside from its alleged role in the Mumbai attacks, which killed 166 people, LeT is active against Indian forces in Kashmir and was blamed for an attack on the Indian consul in Herat, Afghanistan in May.\n\nIt is also a designated a terror outfit by the United States and the European Union.", "\n\nDespite being nominally banned by the government of Pakistan, its activists are allowed free movement and staged a major rally in the city of Lahore last weekend.", "\n\nThe party has since made a fresh account with @HafizSaeedJUD1, with its latest Tweet announcing: “This is the new Official Twitter account of Hafiz Saeed, Ameer Jamat ud Dawah — Official Response on Twitter double standards soon.”" ]

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[ "Live at the Bedford\n\nLive at the Bedford is a 2005 live DVD album by British Post Trip Hop band Second Person.", "\n\nThis is the band's first live DVD and contains songs from their debut album Chromatography. ", "The performance was filmed at The Bedford, Balham London on 23 May 2005 but due to recording and writing commitments, it took nearly a year and a half for the DVD to be finished. ", "Band members Julia Johnson, Mark Maclaine and Álvaro López play alongside guest musicians: DJ Shylock (turntables) and Mike Ausden (guitar/trumpet) and the live performance was directed by Susan Luciani (also Director of Dolls for which the band provided music). ", "The DVD was edited by Pierangelo Pirak and Ben King, produced by Mark Maclaine (aka The Silence) and mixed by him and Ben Jones at The Silence Corporation studios, London.", "\n\nTrack listing \n\"Demons Die\" – 3:30 \n\"I Spy\" – 4:12\n\"Too Cold To Snow\" – 4:42\n\"Wreckage\" – 3:16\n\"No Window\" – 4:21\n\"Divine\" – 4:09\n\"Senseless Sentences\" – 4:20\n\"Demons In The Scenery\" – 3:48\n\nBonus Tracks:\n \"Grace\" – 5:02\n \"That's What I've Been Told\" – 4:09 (video taken from \"Snows in the House 2\")\n\nTrivia \n Only 1000 of these DVDs were produced, each one numbered and most are signed to individual fans.", "\n The extra song: \"That's What I've Been Told\" will never be released on any studio album by the band.", "\n\nReferences\n Second Person at CDBaby.com\n BBC Radio 2 Interview (The Weekender with Matthew Wright - 3 November 2005)\n Future Music Magazine interview (November 2005)\n Double Barrel Film Productions (UK)\n\nExternal links\n \"Live at The Bedford\" Preview (Too Cold to Snow) on Google Video\n DVD information on SecondPerson.net\n\nCategory:Second Person (band) albums\nCategory:2006 live albums\nCategory:2006 video albums\nCategory:Live video albums" ]

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[ "%%% File : img_exif.erl\n%%% Author : Tony Rogvall <tony@a55.hemma.se>\n%%% Description : Utils for decoding Exif tags\n%%% Created : 6 Mar 2003 by Tony Rogvall <tony@a55.hemma.se>\n\n-module(exif).", "\n\n-export([decode_tag/1]).", "\n\n-include(\"exif.hrl\").", "\n\ndecode_tag(Tag) when integer(Tag) ->\n case Tag of\n\t?", "ExposureTime -> 'ExposureTime';\n\t?", "FNumber -> 'FNumber';\n\t?", "ExposureProgram -> 'ExposureProgram';\n\t?", "ISOSpeedRatings -> 'ISOSpeedRatings';\n\t?", "ExifVersion -> 'ExifVersion';\n\t?", "DateTimeOriginal -> 'DateTimeOriginal';\n\t?", "DateTimeDigitized -> 'DateTimeDigitized';\n\t?", "ComponentsConfiguration -> 'ComponentsConfiguration';\n\t?", "CompressedBitsPerPixel -> 'CompressedBitsPerPixel';\n\t?", "ShutterSpeedValue -> 'ShutterSpeedValue';\n\t?", "ApertureValue -> 'ApertureValue';\n\t?", "BrightnessValue -> 'BrightnessValue';\n\t?", "ExposureBiasValue -> 'ExposureBiasValue';\n\t?", "MaxApertureValue -> 'MaxApertureValue';\n\t?", "SubjectDistance -> 'SubjectDistance';\n\t?", "MeteringMode -> 'MeteringMode';\n\t?", "LightSource -> 'LightSource';\n\t?", "Flash -> 'Flash';\n\t?", "FocalLength -> 'FocalLength';\n\t?", "MakerNote -> 'MakerNote';\n\t?", "UserComment -> 'UserComment';\n\t?", "SubsecTime -> 'SubsecTime';\n\t?", "SubsecTimeOriginal -> 'SubsecTimeOriginal';\n\t?", "SubsecTimeDigitized -> 'SubsecTimeDigitized';\n\t?", "FlashPixVersion -> 'FlashPixVersion';\n\t?", "ColorSpace -> 'ColorSpace';\n\t?", "ExifImageWidth -> 'ExifImageWidth';\n\t?", "ExifImageHeight -> 'ExifImageHeight';\n\t?", "RelatedSoundFile -> 'RelatedSoundFile';\n\t?", "ExifInteroperabilityOffset -> 'ExifInteroperabilityOffset';\n\t?", "FocalPlaneXResolution -> 'FocalPlaneXResolution';\n\t?", "FocalPlaneYResolution -> 'FocalPlaneYResolution';\n\t?", "FocalPlaneResolutionUnit -> 'FocalPlaneResolutionUnit';\n\t?", "ExposureIndex -> 'ExposureIndex';\n\t?", "SensingMethod -> 'SensingMethod';\n\t?", "FileSource -> 'FileSource';\n\t?", "SceneType -> 'SceneType';\n\t?", "CFAPattern -> 'CFAPattern';\n\t?", "InteroperabilityIndex -> 'InteroperabilityIndex';\n\t?", "InteroperabilityVersion -> 'InteroperabilityVersion';\n\t?", "RelatedImageFileFormat -> 'RelatedImageFileFormat';\n\t?", "RelatedImageWidth -> 'RelatedImageWidth';\n\t?", "RelatedImageLength -> 'RelatedImageLength';\n\tTag -> Tag\n end;\ndecode_tag(Tag) ->\n Tag.", "\n\n \n\t \n\n\n" ]

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[ "Shyam Ravi’s first foray into DIY electronics was when he was only 10 years old, when he began trying to figure out how to hack R/C cars to make them faster. ", "Five years later, his love for electrical circuits has translated into some serious skills: In the video above, Ravi demonstrates how his DIY’ed smartwatch not only boasts a handful of Apple Watch features ($229 for a Series 3), the equipment he used only cost him $20. ", "From his room in Bengaluru, a city in the Indian region of Karnataka, he tells Inverse that his goal was to be able to operate smart home technology with his wrist.", "\n\nAside from telling the time, date, and temperature Ravi’s smartwatch can switch on any Internet of Things home appliance, like internet-connected Philips Hue lightbulbs or Amazon’s smart microwave, without the need of a smartphone. ", "That’s a capability that could run you up to hundreds of dollars to enjoy, depending on what smartwatch you’re thinking about picking up. ", "For people interesting in replicating his experiment, Ravi detailed every step of his week-long wearable project on YouTube. ", "Since it was first posted in October of last year, it has since garnered more than 200,000 views, inspiring several members of his audience to dip their toes into wearable design.", "\n\nAll of the components Ravi soldered together. ", "Shyam Ravi\n\n“I thought it would be cool to control devices and home appliances from your wrist,” he explains. “", "While many smartwatches require to be paired with a smartphone to function, I wanted to make a standalone smartwatch that directly connects to WiFi and serves the purpose without the requirement of a [phone].”", "\n\nRavi controls his DIY smartwatch using three small buttons and an OLED screen mounted to Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) that he designed using free software, made by EasyEDA. ", "He got his designs manufactured by Chinese website JLCPCB for the low, and bought the rest of the components on Amazon, which are all listed in an accompanying blog post.", "\n\nThe final step of the hardware process was assembling everything using a soldering iron. ", "Making sure that each and every tiny piece was connected and functioning to power the watch was the most difficult part, he says.", "\n\nRavi attaching the OLED screen and three buttons to his custom-made PCB. ", "Shyam Ravi\n\n“I had manually routed all the PCB trace connections, which was challenging as I had to accommodate a lot traces in a very small board,” he explained. “", "It was like solving a puzzle.”", "\n\nAfter everything came together, it was time to program the his smartwatch. ", "He used the programming language Arduino to power his creation’s software. ", "The code incorporated the Yahoo Weather API to report the temperature, a bundle of Arduino functions named NTP, and IoT platform Blynk to establish connection to his appliances.", "\n\nRavi's watch booting up. ", "Shyam Ravi\n\nFinally, to keep the watch thin he sandwiched the battery between the two sides of the strap. ", "It seems like a minor detail, but this feat is ultimately what allowed the watch to fit comfortably on his wrist. ", "But after designing a smartwatch from start to finish at the same age many of us were struggling to get high school papers in on time, Ravi isn’t interested in an electronics engineering job.", "\n\n“There’s very little chance that I might get into hardware design as career, as I am more interested in particle physics and aeronautical engineering,” he said. “", "But whatever field I get into, I will definitely have DIY electronics as my preferred hobby.”", "\n\nWe are shining a spotlight on some of the millions of small businesses now challenged by Covid-19. ", "This is part of an ongoing commitment our parent company, Bustle Digital Group, is making to support small businesses throughout the entire month of May. Tell us about your favorite small business on social media using #SmallBusinessSalutes." ]

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[ "Quote of the Moment: Television nudity is\naccepted in Brazil, Germany, the United Kingdom, Japan\nand Australia. ", "Why not the United States?", "\n\nBeing nude is an amazing experience, however, there are\nsome dangers. ", "The more exposed your body is to the sun\nand the natural elements the more likely you are to get\nhurt unless you take the right pre-cautions. ", "Get\nsunscreen and extra clothes!", "\n\nRead\nFew Articles On This and Other Preview Pages & Learn\nAbout the Nudist Culture!", "\n\nNaturist Reading to Expand Your Horizons About\nAlternative Lifestyle\n\nLet me start of by giving you a little info about\nmyself. ", "I'm 26 years old and currently living in\nAventura, Florida. ", "I have been going nude since I was\n17 or so. ", "Besides nudism I also enjoy playing pool,\nlistening to all kinds of music (except country and\ngangsta rap), working with computers, and talking\nabout cars. ", "Now I'll get into how I got started as a\nnudist.", "\n\nI was 17 when I first became\ncurious about how it felt like to be nude in my\nroom. ", "I don't know\nexactly why but I thought I would be more comfortable\nif I took off my underwear, so I did. ", "It felt weird\nat first, for a while I was self conscience of my\nbody. ", "Not because anything was wrong, just because I\nhad never been nude in my room before I guess. ", "I got\nover the awkwardness (self-consciousness) and it felt\nnice.", "\n\nWhen I was 18 a senior in high\nschool I was on the cross country team. ", "We ran about\na mile or so from a nude beach (Blacks). ", "People joked\nabout running there, but no one actually did.", "\n\nOne day on a run by myself I ran\nnear there and decide to run to the nude beach. ", "I\nmade it there and saw the nude people. ", "At this point\nI was curious as to what it was like to be nude on\nthe beach, why these people did it. ", "I ran to a sort\nof isolated part of the beach (only a few people\naround me and were not that close.) ", "I took off my\nshoes, socks, and t shirt. ", "I sat there for 10-20 min.", "\nI then was relaxed and comfortable enough to say to\nmy self I want to get nude and see what it feels\nlike.", "\n\nSo off came my shorts and\nunderwear! ", "I sat there nude for a min. ", "or two then\nstood up. ", "I'll never forget that moment. ", "What I felt\nI can only describe as the most awesome sense of\nfreedom I have ever felt in my entire life! ", "I felt so\nfee and alive! ", "It was simply awesome to be nude\noutside in the fresh air and sun! ", "It felt great... so\ncomfortable I then ran into the ocean and swam. ", "It\nfelt so nice to swim without an suit I loved that\nexperience and wanted to do it again.", "\n\nAfter that I went back to blacks\nseveral more times. ", "I also went to other nudist\nbeaches; San Onfre, (45 min north of blacks), and\nMore Mesa in Santa Barbra. ", "San Onfre is nice, its\nmore secluded than blacks with less gawkers. ", "I went\nto college in Santa Barbra and I discovered More\nMesa. ", "This is a wonderful beach! ", "Verry private and\nsecluded. ", "I went to UCSB in Santa Barbra and saw\nsigns for models wanted for art class. ", "I signed up\nand posed nude for the art class. ", "It was no big deal\nfor me and it was fun. ", "It was neat to see how each\nartist painted me in their own way. ", "My mom noticed\nthe check from the art school and asked me about it\nin front of the family. ", "I told her the truth, they\nall just laughed and gave me a hard time about it but\nwere not offended or mad or anything so it was cool.", "\n\nSince that time, I have been to\ntwo nudist resorts in CA. ", "I had a really nice time in\nboth resorts. ", "The people there were very friendly and\nmade me feel welcome there. ", "It was very relaxing and\nfun to spend the day nude swimming, eating, sunning,\nmeeting new people etc. ", "Most of the people were older\n(30's-60;s) but I enjoyed myself anyway. ", "Its cool\nthough to see all the young people involved with\nnudism in this group.", "\n\nNowadays I go nude in my room\nalmost always. ", "I also go nude at the local nudist\nbeach (Haulover). ", "This is my favorite nudist beach.", "\nIts very easy to get to, there are people of all\nages, and they sell drinks and hot dogs on the beach\nPlus the water is always warm (87 now) and so is the\nweather. ", "I love going nude whenever possible, its\nvery comfortable, feels great and life is more fun in\nthe nude!", "\n\nTo\nhelp our visitors browse nudist resources of\ntheir interest, bellow we have some of the\nthumbnail of images from similar categories:" ]

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[ "Former Secretary of State Colin Powell declined Tuesday to renew the presidential endorsement he gave Barack Obama four years ago, saying he wasn’t ready “to throw my weight behind someone” at this time.", "\n\nThe former chairman of the military’s Joint Chiefs of Staff and Cabinet member under President George W. Bush demurred when asked if he was backing Obama again this time around. ", "Four years ago, Powell caused a stir in Republican political circles when the longtime GOP figure endorsed Obama over war hero Sen. John McCain, calling Obama a “transformational figure.”", "\n\nNot so this time, Powell said in an appearance on NBC’s “Today” show. ", "At least, not yet.", "\n\nPressed to say why he was holding back on giving Obama his blessing a second time, Powell told anchor Matt Lauer, “I always keep my powder dry, as they say in the military.", "”He said that Obama had “stabilized the financial system” in the wake of the deep recession of 2008-2009 and “fixed the auto industry.” ", "Powell also said he thought the country was on the right path toward winding down the war in Afghanistan.", "\n\nBut he also said he thought Obama needed to work still more on the shaky economy and said he thought that he owed it to the Republican Party to listen to the proposals that presumptive nominee Mitt Romney will be offering, particularly on the economy. ", "Powell said he’s “still listening” to Republican ideas and that he wasn’t ready to make a commitment to Obama.", "\n\nIn response, Rubin chortles,\n\nConservative foreign-policy gurus will have a hearty guffaw over that one. ", "To be blunt, Powell has no real weight to throw around; it’s hard to fathom that voters are hanging on his decision.", "\n\nIt’s true that Powell’s public profile is dramatically less than it once was. ", "He’s 75 years old now and he expended a lot of his political capital over the Iraq War, earning enmity from both sides. ", "Democrats point to his UN speech as a key milestone leading us into that war, while Republicans think he was disloyal in not backing the war more enthusiastically early and for turning against the war once it became an obvious debacle. ", "Similarly, Republicans consider him a traitor for backing Obama while Democrats give him no credit for the political courage it took to do so.", "\n\nRubin continues,\n\nMore to the point, Powell has acquired quite the reputation on the right for suck-uppery to the Beltway establishment and the Davos-hopping, Aspen Institute-blathering, “Charlie Rose”-admired set.", "\n\nThis line of attack has been a favorite of the Right for years and continues to baffle me. ", "I’ve never been invited to Davos, Aspen, or the Charlie Rose show and likely never will. ", "Davos, in particular, is slightly outside my budget. ", "But what the hell is wrong with aspiring to be part of a crowd of intellectuals and influentials? ", "Or being admired by them?", "\n\nSurely, Powell’s life story is one that should be admired by conservatives? ", "He was born in Harlem to parents of modest means, worked his way through school, and joined the military where he served with heroism and distinction, making it all the way to the top. ", "And, while he’s been somewhat to the left on social issues since he started publicly talking about them, he’s identified himself as a Republican—one of the few truly prominent blacks to do so.", "\n\nHe is less than (ok, entirely un-) beloved by those offended by his gross moral failure in the Scooter Libby case and those who went to bat for the surge in Iraq. ", "When he came out to endorse the entirely under-prepared Barack Obama in 2008, heaping scorn on his longtime colleague Sen. John McCain, the universal reaction among hawks (aside from the involuntary retch) was that this was yet one more play to the Georgetown cocktail circuit.", "\n\nSigh. ", "It’s amusing, indeed, for a criticism that Powell is too inside-the-Beltway to be followed in the very next paragraph with a criticism that only those inside the Beltway could possibly care about. ", "I wrote dozens of blog posts over the years about the Valerie Plame scandal and even attended a few days of the Scooter Libby trial and have only vague recollections of Powell’s role. ", "Perhaps that’s because his role was almost non-existent; even in Rubin’s telling, it consisted of not being sufficiently forthcoming about Richard Armitage being the man who inadvertently revealed Plame’s cover to Bob Novak. ", "Regardless, I doubt more than a dozen people on the planet–none of whom didn’t already have very strong feelings about Powell one way or the other–have any strong opinion about it.", "\n\nAs to the Iraq Surge, Powell’s position was hardly unreasonable. ", "By that point in the war, it was an obvious debacle. ", "Even though I’d supported the war, I’d long since acknowledged that. ", "Unlike Powell, I thought that the least bad option was to continue muddling through–including engaging in the Surge–for a variety of reasons, not least of which were our promises to Iraqis who bet their lives on American resolve. ", "But deciding that it wasn’t worth more American lives at that point would hardly have been an unpatriotic stance. ", "And Powell wasn’t even all that adamant on the issue.", "\n\nAnd, seriously, the “Georgetown cocktail circuit” trope? ", "Directed at a former Chairman of the Joint Chiefs and Secretary of State? ", "Not only has the man attended enough parties to last several lifetimes, but he’s almost certainly going to be welcome at any party he cares to attend for the rest of his days.", "\n\nThat Powell is now contemplating withholding his support for the once-“transformational” Obama says nothing about Mitt Romney, and everything about which way the wind is blowing in Washington. ", "No one who fancies themselves as a wise elder and who hopes ever to serve again in government (especially on a well paid and lightly attended board or commission) has the nerve to defend Obama’s record robustly.", "\n\nOh, c’mon. ", "Powell is a wealthy man with no remaining political ambition. ", "At 75, he’s not going to be Romney’s vice president. ", "He’s already been Secretary of State. ", "And he’s not some mid-level bureaucrat or political appointee; he can make more money giving a 45-minute lecture somewhere than for a year of service on any government commission. ", "He’s not angling for any job here; rather, he’s engaged in the one he’s had since leaving Foggy Bottom: elder statesman.", "\n\nLook, Powell didn’t get to the top by being imprudent. ", "He weighs his words carefully. ", "And my hunch is that he enjoys stringing these things out, since it’s more fun to be courted for one’s endorsement than to deliver it early.", "\n\nNow, if I were forced to bet, I’d do so on the side of Powell re-endorsing Obama, albeit with less enthusiasm than in 2008. ", "Expectations were sky high then, and even seasoned hands like Powell were drawn in. ", "Despite Obama’s charisma and the historic nature of being the first black president, he hasn’t been a “transformational figure.” ", "I don’t think a John Kennedy or Ronald Reagan–or, hell, a George Washington–could achieve that in the current poisoned atmosphere.", "\n\nPowell, like a lot of us–especially those who aren’t doctrinaire religious conservatives–has been frustrated with the Republican Party for some time. ", "He flirted with endorsing Obama for months before finally doing so. ", "Mostly, like a lot of other prominent elder statesmen whose loyalty to the GOP was forged under the likes of Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford, and George H.W. Bush, he was turned off by both neoconservative adventurism and the increasing stridency of the party on social issues. ", "Further, it would be foolish to ignore the fact that Powell likely sees a lot of himself in Obama, another black man who started with very little and achieved very much. ", "The fact that he’s still hedging actually says quite a lot in that context.", "\n\nI heard Powell’s interview on NPR yesterday, which largely echoed what I’ve seen written about his Today interview. ", "Since he was clearly impressed with what Obama actually accomplished, it sounds like the choices were endorsing Obama or waiting to hear from Romney on what his plans if he became president are.", "\n\nAnd it’s telling that Rubin thinks he should make a decision without hearing what Romney intends to do. ", "Blind loyalty is what she thinks the Republican Party deserves.", "\n\nIn the run-up to the Iraq War, I was very dubious about the whole proposition mainly because I didn’t see the need of it as we had Hussein on a virtual lockdown with an air cap over 2/3rds of the country. ", "I remember distinctly telling my neighbor at the time that, when Colin Powell went before the UN and made his speech, that I trust his knowledge and judgement but that if he was wrong I would never listen to him again. ", "Well, he was wrong (intentionally or not) and so his opinion is not worth anything to me anymore.", "\n\nMy opinion of him is still pretty high. ", "Yup, he should have resigned rather than give that horrible U.N. speech, but that would have taken an extraordinary amount of courage. ", "And it would have been against his instincts of being a good soldier.", "\n\nSo one really bad mistake, a few other lesser mistakes vs. a very impressive rags-to-riches story and career. ", "And his viewpoints align with mine quite a bit more than most out there.", "\n\nAll that said, does *anybody* care about endorsements? ", "Whose vote does that sway? ", "It’s nothing but a way to get the candidate’s name in the news some more.", "\n\nFormer Secretary of State Colin Powell, who endorsed President Obama in 2008 and is currently unaligned, accused Mitt Romney of harboring dangerously wrongheaded views on foreign policy on Wednesday.", "\n………\n“There is no pure competitor of the United States of America,” Powell said. “", "All the problems we talk about in Afghanistan, Iraq, Iran … they count about 700 million people in a world of seven billion. ", "What are the rest of them doing? ", "They’re increasing their economies, they’re building wealth, they’re educating their kids, they’re building their infrastructure. ", "That’s what we need to be doing.”", "\n\nBut what the hell is wrong with aspiring to be part of a crowd of intellectuals and influentials?", "\n\nAspiring? ", "Nothing wrong with that. ", "But Powell willingly sacrificed his integrity and core values to defend policies and actions he knew damn well were wrong, just to avoid having to confront his own colleagues & superiors. _", "That’s_ his ultimate failure.", "\n\nI agree that he almost certainly doesn’t have any further political ambitions; this sounds much more like someone just trying to tweak the way history will remember him. ", "Unfortunately, it just further underlines his status as “the one person in the Bush administration who _could_have_ made a difference, but _didn’t_”.", "\n\nI’m sorry when approximately 5,000 Americans and over 100,000 Iraqis die for your one bad mistake instead of worrying about being listened to you should be committing Seppuku.", "\n\nThe man was a political solider from his time as a junior office and his actions during the My Lai Massacre called his honor into question for those of us not blinded by the uniform and “back story”.", "\n\nColin Powell, then a 31-year-old Army major, was charged with investigating the letter, which did not specifically reference Mỹ Lai (Glen had limited knowledge of the events there). ", "In his report, Powell wrote, “In direct refutation of this portrayal is the fact that relations between Americal Division soldiers and the Vietnamese people are excellent.” ", "Powell’s handling of the assignment was later characterized by some observers as “whitewashing” the atrocities of Mỹ Lai. ", "In May 2004, Powell, then United States Secretary of State, told CNN’s Larry King, “I mean, I was in a unit that was responsible for My Lai. ", "I got there after My Lai happened. ", "So, in war, these sorts of horrible things happen every now and again, but they are still to be deplored\n\nDepending on Powell for guidance was always a chancy thing, but at least in the past he attempted to protect the soldiers who depended on him for guidance, however with his one bad decision he placed his career over the lives of his fellow Americans.", "\n\nI’m sorry when approximately 5,000 Americans and over 100,000 Iraqis die for your one bad mistake\n\nWell, we would have gone to war regardless of what Powell did. ", "As you probably know, he was the only adviser expressing any reservations at all, and he did so directly to Bush.", "\n\nI’ve briefly read about his My Lai report before, but my recollection and the quote you provide don’t seem nearly as damning as you seem to think it is. ", "He dismissed a letter that didn’t even mention My Lai? ", "Well, geez, yeah, obviously a reason to call him scum.", "\n\nAs you made clear in your earlier comment your viewpoints and his align, so I understand your willingness to give him a pass on his bad advice that got 5,000 Americans and over 100,000 Iraqis killed. ", "Thats what Republicans/Conservatives do, they cover for their own tribe no matter what, unfortunately alot of times this is to the detriment of the American people (Valerie Plame).", "\n\nHowever there is a big problem with your statement; many people whose positions don’t align with Colin Powell were not convinced for the need for war until he made his presentation. ", "A lot of Americans and Iraqis died because of that presentation, but I guess in your opinion a tsk, tsk, bad job Colin is sufficient condemnation.", "\n\nI’m going to take a deep breath before discussing the Mai Lai Massacre. ", "Your dismissal of Colin Powell’s’ report as no big deal has made me angry to an extent I haven’t been since the Abu Ghraib atrocities and the cover up surrounding those crimes. ", "But I guess in your world those also weren’t a big deal.", "\n\nHe put his career over the lives of American soldiers. ", "In my book that makes him scum." ]

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[ "List of Archie Comics' Sonic the Hedgehog publications\n\nThis is a list of Sonic the Hedgehog titles published by Archie Comics including miniseries, spinoffs and comics crossing over.", "\n\nComics\nThe Sonic the Hedgehog comic continuity currently comprises the following comics:\nSonic the Hedgehog #1–290 (Published from July 1993 to December 2016) (Published thirteen times a year [every four weeks] until 2007 then published monthly [every month's first Wednesday] thereafter)\nSonic Universe #1–94 (Published every month from February 2009 to January 2017)\nSonic the Hedgehog Miniseries #0–3 (Published monthly from November 1992 to February 1993)\nSonic Specials (Eight individual issues, published quarterly from 1994 to 1997)\nSonic: In Your Face! (", "Fall 1994)\nSonic & Knuckles (Spring 1995)\nSonic Triple Trouble (Summer 1995)\nKnuckles' Chaotix (Fall 1995)\nSuper Sonic vs. Hyper Knuckles (Winter 1995)\nMecha Madness (Summer 1996)\nSonic Live! (", "Fall 1996)\nSonic Blast (Winter 1996)\nPrincess Sally Miniseries #1–3 (Published monthly from April to June 1995)\nTails Miniseries #1–3 (Published monthly from December 1995 to February 1996)\nKnuckles Miniseries #1–3 (Published monthly from July to September 1996)\nSonic Quest: The Death Egg Saga Miniseries #1–3 (Published monthly from December 1996 to February 1997, reprinted February 2007)\nKnuckles the Echidna #1–32 (Published monthly from April 1997 to February 2000)\nSonic Super Specials #1–15 (Published quarterly from 1997 to 2001)\nBattle Royal (#1 of Summer 1997)\nBrave New World (#2 of Fall 1997)\nSonic Firsts (#3 of Winter 1998)\nReturn of the King (#4 of Spring 1998)\nSonic Kids (#5 of Summer 1998)\nSonic #50: Director's Cut (#6 of Fall 1998)\nParallel Paradigm (#7 of Winter 1999)\nZone Wars Prelude (#8 of Spring 1999)\nSonic Kids 2 (#9 of Summer 1999)\nCrossover Chaos (#10 of Fall 1999)\nGirls Rule! (#", "11 of Winter 2000)\nTurnabout Heroes (#12 of Spring 2000)\nSonic Adventure (#13 of Summer 2000)\nSonic Stew (#14 of Fall 2000)\nNaugus Games (#15 of Winter 2001)\nSonic X #1–40 (Published ten times a year from September 2005, to January 2009) (Based on Sonic X anime series, and continued with Sonic Universe)\nSonic Boom #1-11 (Published monthly from October 2014, to September 2015) (Based on the cartoon Sonic Boom, and crossed over with the main continuity and the Mega Man comics during \"Worlds Unite\")\nFree Comic Book Day 2007 comic (A one-shot comic made for free distribution on Free Comic Book Day 2007.)", "\nFree Comic Book Day 2008 comic (A special reprint of Issue #1 of the main comic series, with a new cover—based on the original—by Patrick \"Spaz\" Spaziante, made for free distribution on Free Comic Book Day 2008)\nFree Comic Book Day 2009 comic (An illustrated summary of the story through #199, released for Free Comic Book Day 2009)\nFree Comic Book Day 2010 comic (A one-shot comic made for free distribution on Free Comic Book Day 2010)\nFree Comic Book Day 2011 comic (A remake of Sonic Super Special 15 for Free Comic Book Day 2011)\nFree Comic Book Day 2012 comic (A reprint of issue #230 of the main series, with a special cover for Free Comic Book Day 2012)\nFree Comic Book Day 2013 comic (A flip book special. ", "One half with a reprint of issue #247 of the main series and the other half with a reprint of #23 of the Mega Man comic series)\nFree Comic Book Day 2014 comic (A flip book special. ", "One half with a reprint of the first two Sonic Comic Origins stories \"Sally—The Exiled Leader\" & \"Rotor—The Exiled Inventor\". ", " The other half reprints the two part back up stories from Mega Man #34–35 titled \"X-Factor\".", "\nFree Comic Book Day 2015 comic (A flip book special setting up Sonic the Hedgehog/Mega Man: Worlds Unite. ", " The first half contains the story \"Into the Unknown\" which introduces the Genesis Portals, while the second half reprints various issues of Mega Man featuring the Archie Exclusive villain, Xander Payne. ", " \"Into the Unknown\" was later reprinted in the second half of Sonic the Hedgehog #275.)", "\nFree Comic Book Day 2016 comic (This book contains reprints of \"Keys to Victory\" from Sonic the Hedgehog #280 and the first 10 pages of \"Eggman’s Dozen: Part 1\" from Sonic Universe #83. ", " It also contains a sneak peek for the \"Panic in the Sky\" story arc in Sonic the Hedgehog #284-#287. ", " This is also the final Free Comic Book Day Special for the Archie Sonic the Hedgehog series before its cancellation.)", "\nFree Comic Book Day 2017 comic (cancelled)\nArchie Sonic Halloween Comic Fest 2013 (October 31, 2013) (This book contains a prequel story to the 2013 Sonic game Sonic Lost World. ", " This is also the first issue of the Free Halloween Comic Fest that Archie Comics has participated with.)", "\nSonic: Mega Drive (July 2016)\nSonic: Mega Drive-The Next Level (November 2016)\nSonic: Mega Drive-Overdrive (cancelled)\nSonic also has appeared in issue #28 of Sabrina the Teenage Witch as well in a two-part crossover which concluded in Sonic Super Special #10: Crossover Chaos. ", "In this crossover, Sonic was brought to Sabrina's world and brainwashed into fighting the former.", "\nIn 1998, a mini-comic given away for Halloween entitled Archie & Friends: A Halloween Tale was released and featured a short story called A Festival of Fantasy that included appearances by Sonic, Knuckles and Dr. Robotnik.", "\nSonic has also made a cameo in a 1999 Archie's Weird Mysteries mini-comic.", "\nMega Man #23 (From May 2013)\nThe second half of the issue was included with the FCBD Special of 2013. ", " The story served as a lead in for the World Collide, with Dr. Wily referring to plans with his new friend Ivo, paralleling with Dr. Eggman referring to Dr. Wily in StH #247 as Albert. ", " As with the StH #247's ending, MM #23 ends with the Genesis Wave being launched.", "\nMega Man #24–27 (From April–July 2013)\nThe aforementioned issues contained chapters of the Worlds Collide crossover, which were respectively Part 1, 4, 7 & 10.", "\nMega Man #28 (From August 2013)\nThe issue serves as an aftermath for Mega Man and cast, who don't remember the events of the crossover. ", " The story opens with Mega Man's final dialogue from StH #251, as well as Dr. Wily having an unexplained violent urge to stomp on a carton of eggs (due to Eggman betraying him). ", " Both this issue and StH #252 open with the title characters briefly recalling past events as their worlds are restored.", "\nMega Man #38 (June 2014)\nEmerald Spears member Xander Payne is traveling through several time periods and witnesses both Mega Man & Sonic fighting the Roboticized Tails (during the events of Mega Man #25). ", " Due to copyright reasons, Tails is shown in a silhouette, while Sonic is shown only as a speeding blue ball.", "\nMega Man #40 (August 2014)\nXander Payne, after his arrest, is sketching images of all he saw on his trip through time onto his cell wall. ", " One of the pictures shown is Sonic's face.", "\nMega Man #42 (October 2014)\nThough the story has no relevance to Sonic, the alternate cover is the second part of a series of the Super Smash Variant covers to promote Super Smash Bros for the Nintendo 3DS and Wii U. The first part is the alternate cover for Sonic Universe #69, with the final part being the alternate cover for Sonic the Hedgehog #266.", "\nMega Man #43 (November 2014)\nXander Payne (recently moved to a new cell) continues sketching pictures into his cell wall, including another sketch of Sonic's face. ", " He mentions that Dr. Wily and everyone's reckoning will come and that worlds will collide again (The words World and Collide are emphasized in bold).", "\nMega Man #49 (May 2015)\nPrelude to the Worlds Unite crossover. ", " The issue ends with Sigma abducting Dr. Wily through a Genesis Portal.", "\nMega Man #50–52 (June–August 2015)\nThe aforementioned issues contain chapters of the Worlds Unite crossover, which are respectively Part 4, 8 & 12.", "\nMega Man: Worlds Unite Battles #1 (June 2015)\nExpands upon the following fight scenes from Worlds Unite:\nMega Man VS Zomom, Master Zik and Zazz of the Deadly Six.", "\nZero, Axl and Silver the Hedgehog VS Vile.", "\nSonic Man (Roboticized Master version of Sonic the Hedgehog) VS Bomb Man, Guts Man, Cut Man, Elec Man, Ice Man, Fire Man, Time Man and Oil Man.", "\nSonic the Hedgehog: Worlds Unite Battles #1 (July 2015)\nExpands upon the following fight scenes from Worlds Unite:\nSonic the Hedgehog VS Zavok, Zeena and Zor of the Deadly Six.", "\nSticks the Badger VS Roll.", "\nKnuckles the Echidna VS Break Man.", "\n\nReprints\nTrade Paperbacks have also been released, typically collecting older, hard-to-find issues and compiling them in a single volume. ", "These include:\n\nEarly Specials\nSonic Firsts (1998) (Includes the first appearances of Sonic the Hedgehog, Princess Sally Acorn, Bunnie Rabbot, Super Sonic, and Knuckles the Echidna, taking stories from issue #0 of the original Sonic Miniseries, and issues #3, #4, and #13 of the regular series. ", "The stories are edited to give both Sally her modern brown color and Rotor his modern name instead of the Boomer one. ", "A special electronic edition of this comic is among the special features in the Sonic Mega Collection game. ", "The foreword is by Paul Castiglia, a former editor of the Sonic comics.)", "\nSonic: The Beginning (2003) (A reprint of the original Sonic Miniseries, with a foreword by their author Michael Gallagher) (Eventually rebranded Sonic Archives #0 in February 2009)\n\nSonic Archives\nSonic Archives #1 (December 2006) (A reprint of issues #1–4 of the regular series)\nSonic Archives #2 (January 2007) (A reprint of issues #5–8 of the regular series)\nSonic Archives #3 (June 2007) (A reprint of issues #9–12 of the regular series)\nSonic Archives #4 (April 2007) (A reprint of issues #13–16 of the regular series)\nSonic Archives #5 (September 2007) (A reprint of issues #17–20 of the regular series)\nSonic Archives #6 (October 2007) (A reprint of issues # 21–24 of the regular series)\nSonic Archives #7 (June 2008) (A reprint of issues #25–28 of the regular series)\nSonic Archives #8 (August 2008) (A reprint of issues #29–32 of the regular series)\nSonic Archives #9 (October 2008) (A reprint of issues #33–36 of the regular series)\nSonic Archives #0 (December 2008) (An Archives rebranding of Sonic: The Beginning)\nSonic Archives #10 (March 2009) (A reprint of issues #37–40 of the regular series)\nSonic Archives #11 (August 2009) (A reprint of issues #41–44 of the regular series)\nSonic Archives #12 (February 2010) (A reprint of issues #45–48 of the regular series)\nSonic Archives #13 (August 2010) (A reprint of issue #49 of the regular series and the Sonic #50: Director's Cut Super Special)\nSonic Archives #14 (December 2010) (A reprint of issues #51–54 of the regular series)\nSonic Archives #15 (June 2011) (A reprint of issues #55–58 of the regular series)\nSonic Archives #16 (October 2011) (A reprint of issues #59–62 of the regular series)\nSonic Archives #17 (February 2012) (A reprint of issues #63–66 of the regular series)\nSonic Archives #18 (July 2012) (A reprint of issues #67–70 of the regular series)\nSonic Archives #19 (December 2012) (A reprint of issues #71–74 of the regular series)\nSonic Archives #20 (March 2013) (A reprint of issues #75–78 of the regular series)\nSonic Archives #21 (August 2013) (A reprint of issues #79–82 of the regular series)\nSonic Archives #22 (February 2014) (A reprint of issues #83–86 of the regular series)\nSonic Archives #23 (September 2014) (A reprint of issues #85–87 of the regular series and Sonic Super Special #14)\nSonic Archives #24 (February 2015) (A reprint of issues #88-91 of the regular series)\n\nCancelled releases\nSonic Archives #25 (A reprint of issues #92-95 of the regular series)\nSonic Archives #26 (A reprint of issues #96-99 of the regular series)\n\nKnuckles Archives\nKnuckles Archives #1 (September 2011) (A reprint of issues #1–3 of the Knuckles miniseries and #1–3 of the spin-off series.)", "\nKnuckles Archives #2 (April 2012) (A reprint of issues #4–9 of the spin-off series)\nKnuckles Archives #3 (October 2012) (A reprint of issues #10–15 of the spin-off series)\nKnuckles Archives #4 (April 2013) (A reprint of issues #16–21 of the spin-off series)\n\nCancelled releases\nKnuckles Archives #5 (A reprint of issues #22–27 of the spin-off series)\nKnuckles Archives #6 (A reprint of issues #28–32 of the spin-off series)\n\nSonic Select\nSonic Select #1 (May 2008) (A reprint of the 48 page specials, \"Sonic In Your Face\", \"Sonic & Knuckles\", \"Sonic Triple Trouble\", and one story, \"The Substitute Freedom Fighters\" from \"Sonic Live\")\nSonic Select #2 (December 2008) (A reprint of the 48 page specials, \"Knuckles' Chaotix\", \"Super Sonic VS. ", "Hyper Knuckles\", \"Mecha Madness\" and part 2 of \"Knuckles' Quest\" as seen in \"Sonic Live\")\nSonic Select #3 (February 2011) (A reprint of the 48 page Sonic Super Specials, \"Battle Royal\", \"Brave New World\" and \"Return of the King\", \"Eel of Fortune\" from \"Mecha Madness\" and \"Bugged Bunny\" from \"Sonic Blast\")\nSonic Select #4: Zone Wars (December 2011) (A reprint of the 48 page Sonic Super Specials, #8, #10, #12 & #14 plus content from \"Sonic Blast\")\nSonic Select #5 (May 2012) (A reprint of the 48 page Sonic Super Specials, \"Sonic Kids\" and \"Sonic Kids 2\")\nSonic Select #6 (October 2012) (the entire Sonic Quest Mini-Series plus the special 2010 & 2011 Free Comic Book Day stories)\nSonic Select #7 (March 2013) (the entire Princess Sally Mini-Series, \"My Special Friend\" from Knuckles #29 and Sonic #222)\nSonic Select #8 (September 2013) (the entire Tails Mini-Series plus \"Submersible Rehearsal\" from Sonic Triple Trouble, \"Growing Pains\" from Sonic #28 & #29 and \"The Chosen One\" from #149 & #150)\nSonic Select #9: The Games (April 2014) (A reprint of issues #160–161, #180, #191, #193, #197, #219 and #230, Sonic Super Special Magazine #3, #9 & #10, Sonic Universe #45, Sonic Super Digest #5, the special Sonic Lost World comic & the special Sonic & the Secret Rings comic)\nSonic Select #10 (January 2015) (A reprint of Sonic the Hedgehog Free Comic Book Day 2007, \"Some Enchantra Evening: Part 1\" from Sabrina the Teenage Witch #28, Sonic Super Special #8, #10, Sonic the Hedgehog #247, #252, Sonic the Hedgehog Free Comic Book Day 2014, Sonic Super Digest #8 and #9)\n\nBest of...\nBest of Sonic the Hedgehog #1: Comics (May 2012) (special reprint of the entire \"Mecha Madness\", \"Rage against the Machine\", the ending to \"Endgame\", \"Order of Chaos\" and \"Future Tense\")\nBest of Sonic the Hedgehog #2: Villains (August 2013) (special reprint of \"Dark Tidings\", \"Dark Hearts\", \"Lost in the Moment\", \"Forged in Fire\", \"Babylon Rising\" and \"Scrambled\")\nBest of Sonic the Hedgehog #3: Rivals (cancelled)\nBest of Sonic the Hedgehog Comics #4: Ultimate Edition (February 2015) (special reprint of \"Race Against the Machine\", \"Mecha Madness\", \"Future Tense\", \"Lost in the Moment\", \"Dark Hearts\", \"Forged in Fire\", \"Babylon Rising\", \"Line in the Sand\", \"Endangered Species\", \"The Great Chaos Caper\", \"I Am\", \"Shadow Fall\", and \"Father and Son\")\n\nSonic Universe\nSonic Universe #1: The Shadow Saga (September 2011) (A reprint of #1–4 containing the arc \"The Shadow Saga\")\nSonic Universe #2: 30 Years Later (March 2012) (A reprint of #5–8 containing the arc \"30 Years Later\")\nSonic Universe #3: Knuckles Returns (August 2012) (A reprint of #9–12 containing the arc \"Knuckles Returns\")\nSonic Universe #4: Journey to the East (February 2013) (A reprint of #13–16 containing the arc \"Journey to the East\")\nSonic Universe #5: The Tails Adventures (June 2013) (A reprint of #17–20 containing the arc \"The Tails Adventures\")\nSonic Universe #6: Treasure Team Tango (November 2013) (A reprint of #21–24 containing the arc \"Treasure Team Tango\")\nSonic Universe #7: Silver Saga (April 2014) (A reprint of #25–28 containing the arc \"Silver Saga\")\nSonic Universe #8: Scourge: Lockdown (August 2014) (A reprint of #29–32 containing the arc \"Scourge: Lockdown\")\n\nCancelled releases\nSonic Universe #9: Babylon Rising (A reprint of #33–36 containing the arc \"Babylon Rising\")\nSonic Universe #10: Scrambled (A reprint of #37-40)\nSonic Universe #11: Secret Freedom (A reprint of #41-44)\nSonic Universe #12: Chaotix Quest (A reprint of #46-49)\nSonic Universe Sagas #1: Pirate Plunder Panic (A reprint of #55-58)\nSonic Universe Sagas #2: Shadow Fall (A reprint of #59-62)\n\nSonic The Hedgehog\nSonic The Hedgehog 1: Countdown to Chaos (September 2014) (A reprint of #252-256)\nSonic The Hedgehog 2: The Chase (February 2015) (A reprint of #257-259 and Sonic Comic Origins #1-4)\nSonic The Hedgehog 3: Waves of Change (August 2016) (A reprint of #260-263)\nSonic The Hedgehog 4: Control (November 2016) (A reprint of #264-267)\n\nCancelled releases\nSonic The Hedgehog 5: Champions (A reprint of #268-271)\nSonic The Hedgehog 6: Planetary Pieces (A reprint of #272 and #276-279)\nSonic The Hedgehog 7: Keys to Victory (A reprint of #280-283)\n\nSonic Saga\nSonic Saga 1: Darkest Storm (September 2012) (selections from issues #162–167)\nSonic Saga 2: Order from Chaos (April 2013) (selections from issues #168–172)\nSonic Saga 3: Eggman Empire (July 2013) (selections from issues #173–176)\nSonic Saga 4: House of Cards (October 2013) (selections from issues #177–180)\nSonic Saga 5: Evil Reborn (July 2014) (selections from issues #181–184)\nSonic Saga 6: Mogul Rising (November 2014) (selections from issues #185-189)\nSonic Saga 7: The Dark Mirror (April 2015) (selections from issues #190-194)\n\nCancelled releases\nSonic Saga 8: Hedgehog Havoc! (", "selections from issues #195-198)\nSonic Saga 9: The Eggman Wars (selections from issues #199-202)\nSonic Saga 10: On the Run! (", "selections from issues #203-206)\n\nSonic Legacy\nSonic Legacy Series #1 (October 2011) (A black and white reprint of issues #0–3 from the Original Sonic miniseries and #1–16 of the regular series)\nSonic Legacy Series #2 (October 2012) (A black and white reprint of issues #17–36 of the regular series)\nSonic Legacy Series #3 (December 2013) (A black and white reprint of issues #37–56 of the regular series)\nSonic Legacy Series #4 (December 2014, Digital Only) (A black and white reprint of issues #55-74 of the regular series)\n\nWorlds Collide\nSonic/Mega Man: Worlds Collide Vol. ", "1: Kindred Spirits (Published December 2013)\nReprints: Mega Man #24, Sonic Universe #51, Sonic the Hedgehog #248, and Mega Man #25\nSonic/Mega Man: Worlds Collide Vol. ", "2: Into The Warzone (Published February 2014)\nReprints: Sonic Universe #52, Sonic the Hedgehog #249, Mega Man #26, and Sonic Universe #53\nSonic/Mega Man: Worlds Collide Vol. ", "3: Chaos Clash (Published May 2014)\nReprints: Sonic the Hedgehog #250, Mega Man #27, Sonic Universe #54, and Sonic the Hedgehog #251\nSonic the Hedgehog/Mega Man: Worlds Collide: The Complete Epic (Published January 2016)\nReprints: Sonic the Hedgehog #247-252, Sonic Universe #50-55, and Mega Man #23-28\n\nCancelled releases\nSonic/Mega Man: Worlds Collide Deluxe Edition (336-page Hardcover Book)\nSonic/Mega Man: Worlds Collide Super Deluxe Edition (352-page Hardcover Book)\n\nWorlds Unite\nSonic the Hedgehog/Mega Man: Worlds Unite Volume 1: Deadly Fusion (Published July 2016)\nReprints: Sonic Universe #76, Sonic Boom #8, Sonic the Hedgehog #273, Mega Man #50, Sonic the Hedgehog: Worlds Unite Battles #1, and Mega Man: Worlds Unite Battles #1\nSonic the Hedgehog/Mega Man: Worlds Unite Volume 2: Broken Bonds (Published November 2016)\nReprints: Sonic Universe #77, Sonic Boom #9, Sonic the Hedgehog #274, Mega Man #50 and 51, Sonic the Hedgehog: Worlds Unite Battles #1, and Mega Man: Worlds Unite Battles #1\n\nCancelled releases\nSonic the Hedgehog/Mega Man: Worlds Unite Volume 3: Allied Forces\nReprints: Sonic Universe #78, Sonic Boom #10, Sonic the Hedgehog #275, Mega Man #52, Sonic the Hedgehog: Worlds Unite Battles #1, and Mega Man: Worlds Unite Battles #1\n\nSonic Boom\nSonic Boom Volume 1: The Big Boom (Published September 2016)\nReprints: Sonic boom #1-4\nSonic Boom Volume 2: Boom Shaka-Lacka (Published December 2016)\nReprints: Sonic boom #5-7 and #11\n\nSonic Super Special Magazine\nSonic Super Special Magazine #1 (October 2011) (selections from issues #226, 160, 161, 199, and 200. ", "This also includes a character profile of the Freedom Fighters and part 1 of the Mobius Timeline.)", "\nSonic Super Special Magazine #2 (January 2012) (selections from issues #80-84 and Sonic Super Special #13. ", "This also includes character profiles of the United Federation and Chaos and part 2 of the Mobius Timeline. ", " This issue is a look back on Sonic Adventure.)", "\nSonic Super Special Magazine #3 (April 2012) (selections from issues #25, 213, 214, and 176. ", "This also includes a new story called Time for a Comeback (this particular story is to promote Sonic the Hedgehog 4: Episode II) and part 3 of the Mobius Timeline.)", "\nSonic Super Special Magazine #4 (July 2012) (selections from issues #132-142, 144, 166, and 167. ", "This also includes part 4 of the Mobius Timeline. ", " This issue is a look back on the Mobius 25 Years Later story arcs.)", "\nSonic Super Special Magazine #5 (October 2012) (selections from issues #198 and 216. ", "This also includes 24 pull out posters made from various issue covers and part 5 of the Mobius Timeline.)", "\nSonic Super Special Magazine #6 (February 2013) (selections from issues #201, 203, 204, 209, 217, 218, 12, and Sonic Universe #13. ", "This also includes part 6 of the Mobius Timeline.)", "\nSonic Super Special Magazine #7 (May 2013) (selections from issues #230, 7, 14, and 29 and Sonic the Hedgehog Free Comic Book Day 2007. ", "This also includes various character profiles taken from The Complete Sonic Comic Encyclopedia as a preview for it called Classic Who's Who and a cover gallery for various Sonic graphic novel series’.)", "\nSonic Super Special Magazine #8 (August 2013) (selections from issues #215, 216, 232, 235, 160, and 161, Sonic Universe #17, and Sonic Free Comic Book Day 2011. ", "This also includes a character profile of Blaze the cat and her world and stickers to create your own Sonic scenes.)", "\nSonic Super Special Magazine #9 (November 2013) (selections from issues #177 and 225, Sonic Universe #13 and Sonic Halloween Comic Fest 2013 (this particular story is to promote Sonic Lost World).)", "\nSonic Super Special Magazine #10 (January 2014) (selections from issues #247, 252, 171, Sonic Universe #1, and 33 . ", "This also includes a new story called Sonic Dash based on the mobile game with the same name.)", "\nSonic Super Special Magazine #11 (March 2014) (selections from issues #250, 253, 254, Sonic Universe #25, and Sonic/Mega Man X Free Comic Book Day 2014.)", "\nSonic Super Special Magazine #12 (September 2014) (selections from issues #255, 256, 180, Sonic Universe #45, and 55 . ", "This also includes the inside scoop of Sonic Boom and the Total Eclipse story arc, Pull Up Posters of various Sega Genesis games, and a preview of Sonic Select #9: The Games.)", "\nSonic Super Special Magazine #13 (January 2015) (selections from issues #264, 258, Sonic Universe #59, 29, and Sonic Boom #1.)", "\n\nCancelled releases\nSonic Super Special Magazine #14\nSonic Super Special Magazine #15\n\nSonic Super Digest\nSonic Super Digest #1 (November 2012) (selections from issues #219, 193, 12, 29, 114, 142, 172, 216, 6, 86, and 87.)", "\nSonic Super Digest #2 (April 2013) (selections from issues #191, 185, 186, 136, Super Sonic vs. Hyper Knuckles, Sonic & Knuckles: Mecha Madness, Sonic Super Special #1, and Sonic Super Special Magazine #3. ", "This also includes a profile of Angel Island.)", "\nSonic Super Digest #3 (July 2013) (selections from issues #30, 26, 34, 173, 142, 143, 162, 177, Sonic Universe #4, and 3.)", "\nSonic Super Digest #4 (October 2013) (selections from issues #227, 228, 160, 161, 236, and Sonic Universe #2.)", "\nSonic Super Digest #5 (January 2014) (selections from issues #242, 26, 37, 237, 238, 153, 246, and Sonic Free Comic Book Day 2010. ", "This also includes a new story called Sonic Jump based on the mobile game with the same name.)", "\nSonic Super-Sized Digest #6 (March 2014) (selections from issues #1-8. ", "This also includes the \"Then and Now\" features which are a series of one-paged articles located at different points in the issue which give a short description of the comic series' main cast of characters from Sonic the Hedgehog #252 and onward.)", "\nSonic Super Digest #7 (May 2014) (selections from issues #203, 204, 207, 10, 172, 23, and Sonic the Hedgehog Free Comic Book Day 2014.)", "\nSonic Super Digest #8 (August 2014) (selections from issues #10, 163, 164, 4, 37, 232, 23, 167, Sonic Universe #17, 18, and Sonic Blast. ", " This also includes the new story Sonic Comic Origins: Little Lost Soldier.)", "\nSonic Super Digest #9 (October 2014) (selections from issues #257, 260, 217, Sonic Universe #19, and 20. ", " This also includes the new story Sonic Comic Origins: The Belle in the Machine, articles of Our Top 10 Favorite Things about the new Sonic Comic Universe, articles of Take a Closer Look at the New Designs for the Original Freedom Fighters, articles of The Planet-sized Jigsaw Puzzle!, ", "and Pin-Up pages of various covers.)", "\nSonic Super Digest #10 (December 2014) (selections from issues #261, 262, 218, Sonic Universe #63, 64, and Sonic Boom #1.)", "\nSonic Super-Sized Comics Digest #11 (March 2015) (selections from issues #260-264, 267, 230, Sonic Universe #67-70, 21, 22, Sonic Boom #2, and Sonic Super Special Magazine #10. ", " This also includes the new story Sonic Comic Origins: Nicole.)", "\nSonic Super Digest #12 (June 2015) (selections from issues #266, Sonic Universe #23, 24, 59, and Mega Man #24. ", " This also includes the new story Sonic Comic Origins: The Traitor.)", "\nSonic Super Digest #13 (August 2015) (selections from issues #267, 268, 269, Sonic Universe #70, 71, and Sonic Boom #3.)", "\nSonic Super Digest #14 (November 2015) (selections from issues #270, 271, 272, Sonic Universe #50, 72, and Sonic Boom #3.)", "\nSonic Super Digest #15 (January 2016) (selections from issues #276, Sonic Universe #79, 33, 73, and Sonic Boom #4. ", " This also includes the new story Sonic Comic Origins: Castaway.)", "\nSonic Super Digest #16 (April 2016) (selections from issues Sonic Boom #5, 6, Sonic Universe #80, 74, and Archie Sonic Halloween Comic Fest 2013.)", "\nSonic Super Digest #17 (August 2016) (selections from issues #277, 278, Sonic Universe #81, 82, and Sonic Boom #7.)", "\n\nCancelled releases\nSonic Super Digest #18\nSonic Super Digest #19\n\nSonic: Genesis\n(April 2012) (special reprint of the entire \"Genesis\" story arch, \"Two Steps Back\", and the last six pages of \"One Step Forward\")\n\nSonic Comics Spectacular: Speed of Sound\n(February 2016) (special reprint of \"The Light in the Dark\", \"Consequences\", \"Sonic Dash\", \"A Nice Day to Start Again\", \"Waves of Change\", \"Treasure Team Tango\", \"Total Eclipse\", \"Champions\", \"A Ray of Hope\", \"The Silver Age\", \"Back in Business\", and \"Babylon Rising\")\n\nSonic: Mega Drive\n(Cancelled) (special reprint of all three of the \"Sonic: Mega Drive\" comic book one-shot specials)\n\nOther\n\nSonic the Hedgehog: The Complete Sonic Comic Encyclopedia\n(October 2012) (an encyclopedia special about the entire comic series from the beginning up to Sonic the Hedgehog #241. ", "Sections include \"Sonic and the Freedom Fighters\", \"Knuckles and the Chaotix\", \"Royalty and Government\", \"Friends and Family\", \"Knuckles Legacy\", \"Gods of Mobius\", \"Shadow and G.U.N\", \"Freedom Fighters of the World\", \"The Eggman Empire\", \"The Wicked Echidnas\", \"Villains of Planet Mobius\", \"Other Worlds\", \"Magical Talismans\", \"Mobian Technology\", \"The World of Mobius Prime\", \"Mobius Timeline\", and \"The Future?...\")", "\n\nThe Art of the Sonic the Hedgehog Comics\n(Cancelled) (a behind the scenes art gallery special consisting comic covers, sketches, and various artworks by the many artists of the Archie Sonic the Hedgehog comic series.)", "\n\nReferences\n\nSonic the Hedgehog\n*\nArchie Comics Sonic the Hedgehog" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

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[ "#!", "/usr/local/bin/perl\n# edit_user.cgi\n# Display details of an existing user for changing\n\nrequire './cluster-webmin-lib.pl';\n&ReadParse();\n&ui_print_header(undef, $text{'user_title2'}, \"\");\n\n@hosts = &list_webmin_hosts();\n@mods = &all_modules(\\@hosts);\n@themes = &all_themes(\\@hosts);\n@wgroups = &all_groups(\\@hosts);\n@servers = &list_servers();\nif ($in{'host'} ne '') {\n\t($host) = grep { $_->{'id'} == $in{'host'} } @hosts;\n\t($user) = grep { $_->{'name'} eq $in{'user'} } @{$host->{'users'}};\n\t}\nelse {\n\tforeach $h (@hosts) {\n\t\tlocal ($u) = grep { $_->{'name'} eq $in{'user'} } @{$h->{'users'}};\n\t\tif ($u) {\n\t\t\t$host = $h;\n\t\t\t$user = $u;\n\t\t\tlast;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t}\n\t}\n($serv) = grep { $_->{'id'} == $host->{'id'} } @servers;\nforeach $h (@hosts) {\n\tlocal ($u) = grep { $_->{'name'} eq $in{'user'} } @{$h->{'users'}};\n\tif ($u) {\n\t\tpush(@got, grep { $_->{'id'} == $h->{'id'} } @servers);\n\t\t}\n\t}\n\nprint \"<form action=save_user.cgi method=post>\\n\";\nprint \"<input type=hidden name=old value=\\\"$in{'user'}\\\">\\n\";\nprint \"<input type=hidden name=host value=\\\"$host->{'id'}\\\">\\n\";\nprint \"<table border width=100%>\\n\";\nprint \"<tr $tb> <td><b>\",&text('user_header2', &server_name($serv)),\n \"</b></td> </tr>\\n\";\nprint \"<tr $cb> <td><table width=100%>\\n\";\n\nprint \"<tr> <td><b>$text{'user_name'}</b></td>\\n\";\nprintf \"<td><input name=name size=15 value='%s'></td> </tr>\\n\",\n\t$user->{'name'};\n\nforeach $g (@{$host->{'groups'}}) {\n\tif (&indexof($user->{'name'}, @{$g->{'members'}}) >= 0) {\n\t\t$group = $g;\n\t\tlast;\n\t\t}\n\t}\nprint \"<tr> <td><b>$text{'user_group'}</b></td> <td>\\n\";\nprintf \"<input type=radio name=group_def value=1 checked> %s (%s)\\n\",\n\t$text{'user_leave'}, $group ? ", "$group->{'name'} : $text{'user_nogroup2'};\nprintf \"<input type=radio name=group_def value=0> %s\\n\",\n\t$text{'user_set'};\nprint \"<select name=group>\\n\";\nprint \"<option selected value=''>$text{'user_nogroup'}</option>\\n\";\nforeach $g (@wgroups) {\n\tprint \"<option>$g->{'name'}</option>\\n\";\n\t}\nprint \"</select></td> </tr>\\n\";\n\nprint \"<tr> <td><b>$text{'user_pass'}</b></td> <td>\\n\";\nprint \"<select name=pass_def>\\n\";\nprint \"<option value=1 checked>$text{'user_leave'}</option>\\n\";\nprint \"<option value=0>$text{'user_set'} ..</option>\\n\";\nprint \"<option value=3>$text{'user_unix'}</option>\\n\";\nprint \"<option value=4>$text{'user_lock'}</option>\\n\";\nprint \"<option value=5>$text{'user_extauth'}</option>\\n\";\nprint \"</select><input type=password name=pass size=25></td> </tr>\\n\";\n\n@langs = &list_languages();\nmy $ulang = safe_language($user->{'lang'});\n%langdesc = map { $_->{'lang'}, $_->{'desc'} } @langs;\nprint \"<tr> <td><b>$text{'user_lang'}</b></td> <td>\\n\";\nprintf \"<input type=radio name=lang_def value=1 checked> %s (%s)\\n\",\n\t$text{'user_leave'}, $ulang ? ", "$langdesc{$ulang}\n\t\t\t\t\t : $text{'user_default'};\nprintf \"<input type=radio name=lang_def value=0> %s\\n\",\n\t$text{'user_set'};\nprint \"<select name=lang>\\n\";\nprint \"<option value='' selected>$text{'user_default'}</option>\\n\";\nforeach $l (@langs) {\n\tprintf \"<option value=%s>%s</option>\\n\",\n\t\t$l->{'lang'},\n\t\t$l->{'desc'};\n\t}\nprint \"</select></td> </tr>\\n\";\n\n%themedesc = map { $_->{'dir'}, $_->{'desc'} } @themes;\nprint \"<tr> <td><b>$text{'user_theme'}</b></td> <td>\\n\";\nprintf \"<input type=radio name=theme_def value=1 checked> %s (%s)\\n\",\n\t$text{'user_leave'},\n\t$user->{'theme'} ? ", "$themedesc{$user->{'theme'}} :\n\t!", "defined($user->{'theme'}) ? ", "$text{'user_default'} : $text{'user_themedef'};\nprintf \"<input type=radio name=theme_def value=0> %s\\n\",\n\t$text{'user_set'};\nprint \"<select name=theme>\\n\";\nprint \"<option value=webmin selected>$text{'user_default'}</option>\\n\";\nforeach $t ( { 'desc' => $text{'user_themedef'} }, @themes) {\n\tprintf \"<option value='%s'>%s</option>\\n\", $t->{'dir'}, $t->{'desc'};\n\t}\nprint \"</select></td> </tr>\\n\";\n\nprint \"<tr> <td valign=top><b>$text{'user_notabs'}</b></td>\\n\";\nprint \"<td>\",ui_radio(\"notabs\", int($user->{'notabs'}),\n [ [ 1, $text{'yes'} ],\n [ 2, $text{'no'} ],\n [ 0, $text{'default'} ] ]),\"</td> </tr>\\n\";\n\nprint \"<tr> <td valign=top><b>$text{'user_ips'}</b></td>\\n\";\nprint \"<td>\\n\";\nprint \"<input name=ipmode type=radio value=-1 checked> $text{'user_leave'}\\n\";\nif ($user->{'allow'}) {\n\tprint \"($text{'user_allow2'} $user->{'allow'})\\n\";\n\t}\nelsif ($user->{'deny'}) {\n\tprint \"($text{'user_deny2'} $user->{'deny'})\\n\";\n\t}\nelse {\n\tprint \"($text{'user_allowall'})\\n\";\n\t}\nprint \"<table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr><td valign=top>\\n\";\nprint \"<input name=ipmode type=radio value=0> $text{'user_allips'}<br>\\n\";\nprint \"<input name=ipmode type=radio value=1> $text{'user_allow'}<br>\\n\";\nprint \"<input name=ipmode type=radio value=2> $text{'user_deny'}</td>\\n\";\nprint \"<td><textarea name=ips rows=4 cols=30></textarea></td>\\n\";\nprint \"</td> </tr></table> </tr>\\n\";\n\n$mp = int((scalar(@mods)+2)/3);\n@umods = $group ? ", "@{$user->{'ownmods'}} : @{$user->{'modules'}};\nmap { $umods{$_}++ } @umods;\nprint \"<tr> <td valign=top><b>$text{'user_mods'}</b><br>\",\n \"$text{'user_groupmods'}</td> <td nowrap>\\n\";\nprint \"<input type=radio name=mods_def value=1 checked> \",\n\t&text('user_mleave', scalar(@umods)),\"<br>\\n\";\nprint \"<input type=radio name=mods_def value=2> $text{'user_modsel'}\\n\";\nprint \"<input type=radio name=mods_def value=3> $text{'user_modadd'}\\n\";\nprint \"<input type=radio name=mods_def value=0> $text{'user_moddel'}\\n\";\nprint \"<br>\\n\";\nprint \"<select name=mods1 size=$mp multiple>\\n\";\nfor($i=0; $i<$mp; $i++) {\n\tprintf \"<option value=%s %s>%s</option>\\n\",\n\t\t$mods[$i]->{'dir'}, $umods{$mods[$i]->{'dir'}} ? \"", "selected\" : \"\",\n\t\t$mods[$i]->{'desc'};\n\t}\nprint \"</select>\\n\";\nprint \"<select name=mods2 size=$mp multiple>\\n\";\nfor($i=$mp; $i<$mp*2; $i++) {\n\tprintf \"<option value=%s %s>%s</option>\\n\",\n\t\t$mods[$i]->{'dir'}, $umods{$mods[$i]->{'dir'}} ? \"", "selected\" : \"\",\n\t\t$mods[$i]->{'desc'};\n\t}\nprint \"</select>\\n\";\nprint \"<select name=mods3 size=$mp multiple>\\n\";\nfor($i=$mp*2; $i<@mods; $i++) {\n\tprintf \"<option value=%s %s>%s</option>\\n\",\n\t\t$mods[$i]->{'dir'}, $umods{$mods[$i]->{'dir'}} ? \"", "selected\" : \"\",\n\t\t$mods[$i]->{'desc'};\n\t}\nprint \"</select>\\n\";\n\nprint \"<br>\\n\";\nprint \"<a href='' onClick='for(i=0; i<document.forms[0].mods1.options.length; i++) { document.forms[0].mods1.options[i].selected = true; } for(i=0; i<document.forms[0].mods2.options.length; i++) { document.forms[0].mods2.options[i].selected = true; } for(i=0; i<document.forms[0].mods3.options.length; i++) { document.forms[0].mods3.options[i].selected = true; } return false'>$text{'user_sall'}</a>&nbsp;\\n\";\nprint \"<a href='' onClick='for(i=0; i<document.forms[0].mods1.options.length; i++) { document.forms[0].mods1.options[i].selected = false; } for(i=0; i<document.forms[0].mods2.options.length; i++) { document.forms[0].mods2.options[i].selected = false; } for(i=0; i<document.forms[0].mods3.options.length; i++) { document.forms[0].mods3.options[i].selected = false; } return false'>$text{'user_snone'}</a>&nbsp;\\n\";\nprint \"<a href='' onClick='for(i=0; i<document.forms[0].mods1.options.length; i++) { document.forms[0].mods1.options[i].selected = !", "document.forms[0].mods1.options[i].selected; } for(i=0; i<document.forms[0].mods2.options.length; i++) { document.forms[0].mods2.options[i].selected = !", "document.forms[0].mods2.options[i].selected; } for(i=0; i<document.forms[0].mods3.options.length; i++) { document.forms[0].mods3.options[i].selected = !", "document.forms[0].mods3.options[i].selected; } return false'>$text{'user_sinvert'}</a><br>\\n\";\n\nprint \"</td> </tr>\\n\";\n\nprint \"</table></td></tr></table>\\n\";\nprint \"<table width=100%><tr>\\n\";\nprint \"<td><input type=submit value='$text{'save'}'></td></form>\\n\";\n\n%mdesc = map { $_->{'dir'}, $_->{'desc'} } @mods;\nforeach $h (@hosts) {\n\tlocal %ingroup;\n\tforeach $g (@{$h->{'groups'}}) {\n\t\tmap { $ingroup{$_}++ } @{$g->{'members'}};\n\t\t}\n\tlocal ($u) = grep { $_->{'name'} eq $in{'user'} } @{$h->{'users'}};\n\tnext if (!", "$u);\n\tlocal ($s) = grep { $_->{'id'} == $h->{'id'} } @servers;\n\tlocal $d = &server_name($s);\n\t$sel .= \"<option value='$h->{'id'},'>\".&text('user_aclhg', $d).\"</option>\\n\"\n\t\tif (!", "$ingroup{$in{'user'}});\n\tforeach $m (@{$h->{'modules'}}) {\n\t\tlocal @um = $ingroup{$in{'user'}} ? ", "@{$u->{'ownmods'}}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t : @{$u->{'modules'}};\n\t\tnext if (&indexof($m->{'dir'}, @um) < 0);\n\t\t$sel .= \"<option value='$h->{'id'},$m->{'dir'}'>\".", "\n\t\t\t&text('user_aclh', $m->{'desc'}, $d).\"</option>\\n\";\n\t\t}\n\t}\nif ($sel) {\n\tprint \"<form action=edit_acl.cgi><td align=center>\\n\";\n\tprint \"<input type=hidden name=user value='$in{'user'}'>\\n\";\n\tprint \"<input type=submit value='$text{'user_acl'}'>\\n\";\n\tprint \"<select name=modhost>\\n\";\n\tprint $sel;\n\tprint \"</select></td></form>\\n\";\n\t}\n\nprint \"<form action=delete_user.cgi>\\n\";\nprint \"<input type=hidden name=user value=\\\"$in{'user'}\\\">\\n\";\nprint \"<td align=right><input type=submit value='$text{'delete'}'></td></form>\\n\";\nprint \"</tr></table>\\n\";\n\n# Show hosts with the user\nprint &ui_hr();\nprint &ui_subheading($text{'user_hosts'});\n@icons = map { \"/servers/images/$_->{'type'}.gif\" } @got;\n@links = map { \"edit_host.cgi?id=$_->{'id'}\" } @got;\n@titles = map { &server_name($_) } @got;\n&icons_table(\\@links, \\@titles, \\@icons);\n\n&ui_print_footer(\"\", $text{'index_return'});\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

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[ "The effect of green-coffee extract supplementation on obesity: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.", "\nGiven that the most recent systematic review investigating Green-Coffee Extract (GCE) as a weight loss facilitator was nearly a decade ago and that the authors reported there no consensus on the effect of GCE/CGA (Chlorogenic acids) on body composition indices, a comprehensive systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of all available randomized controlled trial (RCTs) was undertaken to examine the effect of GCE and CGA intervention on body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) in adults. ", "We conducted a systematic search of all available randomized controlled trials (RCTs) performed up to June 2019 in the following electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar. ", "RCTs that investigated the effect GCE/CGA Supplementation on BW, BMI and WC in adults were included for final analysis. ", "The pooled weight mean difference (WMD) of included studies was estimated using a random-effects model. ", "A total of 13 articles with 16 RCTs were included in the meta-analysis. ", "Results revealed significant reduction in BMI (WMD: -0.403 kg/m2, 95% CI: -0.800, -0.005, p = 0.047) and no significant change in BW (WMD: -0.585 kg, 95% CI: -1.498, 0.329, p = 0.210) and WC (WMD: -0.847 cm, 95% CI: -1.764, 0.071, p = 0.070). ", "In the subgroup analysis, studies that were conducted on baseline BMI ≥25 kg/m2 revealed a significant greater reduction in body weight and BMI than those performed on baseline BMI <25 kg/m2. ", "Moreover, short supplementation periods of less than 4 weeks had no effect. ", "The results of current meta-analysis study support the use of GCE supplementation for the improvement of obesity indices, with sub-group analysis highlighting greater improvements in individuals with a starting BMI ≥25 kg/m2." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "Supply Chain Expertise and Technology Blog by TMC, a division of C.H. Robinson\n\nGroundbreaking approaches to logistics management are being developed in urban centers around the world. ", "There are multiple factors at play that are driving the latest technology innovations, including increased demand, supply chain complexity, longer and shorter supply chains, multi-leg shipments, rapid fire replenishment, final mile, and the overall trend of urbanization. ", "Read More…" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.0005530943162739277, 0.0006049933144822717, 0.0007713685627095401 ]

[ "Q:\n\nHow to form multi-dimentional array from several 2-d arrays in NumPy / PyTables?", "\n\nI have several 2-dimentional arrays under a hdf5 file, how can I merge them together into one multi-dimentional array in PyTables?i.e., ", "the file now is array A, arra yB, array C, i want them to be array X with 1st dimension A, 2nd dimension B, 3rd dimension C \n\nA:\n\nI think you are looking for numpy.dstack().", "\nFrom the docs:\nStack arrays in sequence depth wise (along third axis).", "\nTakes a sequence of arrays and stack them along the third axis to make a single array.", "\nAll of them must have the same shape along all but the third axis.", "\n\nHope this helps. ", "Love Numpy!", "\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

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[ "<?", "xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?", ">\n<!", "DOCTYPE pkgmetadata SYSTEM \"http://www.gentoo.org/dtd/metadata.dtd\">\n<pkgmetadata>\n\t<maintainer type=\"person\">\n\t\t<email>marecki@gentoo.org</email>\n\t\t<name>Marek Szuba</name>\n\t</maintainer>\n</pkgmetadata>\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

[ 0.0010000212350860238, 0.0006190649583004415, 0.006172851659357548, 0.0010590057354420424 ]

[ "Q:\n\nI can't get utterscroll to work? ", "How to include it?", "\n\nI have been trying to set up utterscroll and I can't seem to be able to do so.", "\nThere is no clear instruction, I put both provided files in order and I call the event but nothing https://github.com/debiki/utterscroll\nI can't even get it to work on a JSFIDDLE.", "\nAnybody please help me, I can't get this to work, I did everything, I even copied the demo and downloaded each external file, and it got the point where it look just like the demo but scrolling doesn't work??", "\nWhat is wrong?", "\nhttp://www.debiki.com/dev/utterscroll\n\nA:\n\nMove all your script file references at the very end, before the </body>, \n .", "\n .", "\n . ", " \n <script type=\"text/javascript\" src=\"js/jquery.js\"></script>\n <script type=\"text/javascript\" src=\"js/jquery-scrollable.js\"></script>\n <script type=\"text/javascript\" src=\"js/modernizr.js\"></script>\n <script type=\"text/javascript\" src=\"js/debiki-utterscroll.js\"></script>\n <script type=\"text/javascript\" src=\"js/essentials.js\"></script>\n</body>\n\nIt should work just fine.", "\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

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[ "----- Forwarded by Tana Jones/HOU/ECT on 01/16/2001 09:29 AM -----\n\n\tWalter Guidroz@ENRON\n\t01/13/2001 10:02 AM\n\t\t \n\t\t To: Camille Gerard/Corp/Enron@ENRON, Mary G Gosnell/HOU/ECT@ECT, Samuel \nSchott/HOU/ECT@ECT, Adnan Patel/Corp/Enron@ENRON, Tanya Rohauer/HOU/ECT@ECT, \nPaul Radous/Corp/Enron@ENRON, Tom Moran/HOU/ECT@ECT, Bradley \nDiebner/HOU/ECT@ECT, Tana Jones/HOU/ECT@ECT, Karen Lambert/HOU/ECT@ECT, Frank \nL Davis/HOU/ECT@ECT\n\t\t cc: \n\t\t Subject: ClickPaper approvals, 1-12-01\n\nAttached are ClickPaper approvals for January 12, 2001." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Enron Emails" }

[ 0.0007108803256414831 ]

[ "Rebounding\n\nSuper hot and marvelous ginger-haired Alex Tanner needs one thing from Jenna" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }

[ 0.001761497464030981 ]

[ "![](", "hosplond70496-0001){#sp1 .335}\n\n![](", "hosplond70496-0002){#sp2 .336}\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Central" }

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[ "Kevin Frandsen\n\nKevin Vincent Frandsen (born May 24, 1982) is an American former professional baseball utility player, who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the San Francisco Giants, Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim, Philadelphia Phillies, and Washington Nationals.", "\n\nPlaying career\n\nCollege\nBorn in Los Gatos, California, Frandsen graduated from Bellarmine College Preparatory in San Jose, California, and later attended San José State University, playing for the Spartans and leaving the school as its all-time leader in hits. ", "Frandsen is one of 28 graduates from Bellarmine to play professional baseball. ", " Frandsen was inducted into San Jose State's Hall of Fame in 2014.", "\n\nSan Francisco Giants\nHe was drafted by the San Francisco Giants in the 12th round (370th overall) of the 2004 Major League Baseball Draft and made his Major League debut with the Giants on April 28, 2006. ", "Frandsen hit his first Major League home run on August 17, 2006, against the Padres at Petco Park.", "\n\nOn May 13, 2007, Frandsen, playing 2nd base, assisted on Omar Vizquel's MLB record setting 1,591st double play. ", "On September 21, 2007, Frandsen became the most recent player on the San Francisco Giants to get five base hits in a single game \n\nIn March 2008, the San Francisco Giants confirmed that Frandsen ruptured his left Achilles tendon, which forced him to miss nearly the entire season. ", " Frandsen was activated before the final game of the season; he had his only at-bat as a pinch hitter and made an out.", "\n\nFrandsen participated in the Arizona Fall League in 2005, 2006 and 2008.", "\n\nDuring the Giants' 2009 spring training camp Frandsen competed with Emmanuel Burriss for the starting second baseman position; Burris was named the starter on April 1, 2009 and Frandsen was sent to the Triple-A Fresno Grizzlies. ", "Later in the year, May 17, 2009, Frandsen was called up as Juan Uribe was placed on the bereavement list.", "\n\nBoston Red Sox\nJust prior to the 2010 season, Frandsen was dealt to the Boston Red Sox for a player to be named later and cash considerations.", "\n\nOn March 29, he was optioned to the Red Sox's Triple-A Affiliate, the Pawtucket Red Sox, along with catcher Dusty Brown. ", "He was designated for assignment on April 28.", "\n\nLos Angeles Angels of Anaheim\n\nOn April 29, 2010, Frandsen was acquired off waivers by the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim. ", " He was added to the active roster, mainly playing third base to help the team deal with injuries to Maicer Izturis and Brandon Wood.", "\n\nAfter the 2010 season, the Angels non-tendered Frandsen, making him a free agent.", "\n\nSan Diego Padres\nOn January 5, 2011, Frandsen signed a minor-league contract with the San Diego Padres. ", " He was released on March 25.", "\n\nPhiladelphia Phillies\nThree days after his release from the Padres, Frandsen signed a minor league contract with the Philadelphia Phillies. ", " He spent the 2011 season with the Lehigh Valley IronPigs, the Phillies' Triple-A affiliate. ", " After spending the first four months of the 2012 season in Lehigh Valley, he was placed on the Phillies' 25-man active roster on July 27 following Plácido Polanco's move to the disabled list. ", " Frandsen played in 55 games, including 49 starts at third base, batting .338 with 10 doubles and 2 home runs in 195 at-bats. ", " After the season, he signed a one-year contract with the Phillies.", "\n\nOn May 26, 2013, Frandsen was ejected by umpire Mike Winters for arguing a swinging strike call. ", "It was Frandsen's first career MLB ejection.", "\n\nOn June 22, 2013, Frandsen hit his first career walk-off home run, a blast off the facade of the upper deck in left field, giving the Phillies a win over the New York Mets.", "\n\nOn December 2, 2013, Frandsen signed one-year contract with Philadelphia that would pay him $900,000 in 2014, avoiding arbitration. ", "He was outrighted off the roster on March 23, 2014, and elected for free agency on March 25.", "\n\nWashington Nationals\nAfter leading Major League Baseball with 14 pinch hits in 2013, Frandsen signed with the Washington Nationals on March 26, 2014.", "\n\nHe was released on April 1, 2015.", "\n\nArizona Diamondbacks\nFrandsen signed a minor league deal with the Arizona Diamondbacks on April 21, 2015. ", "He was released on May 30.", "\n\nSan Francisco Giants\nFrandsen signed a minor league deal with the San Francisco Giants on May 31, 2015. ", " On September 23, he was called up to the majors to replace Ehire Adrianza after the latter had suffered a concussion.", "\n\nPost-playing career\n\nWhen Frandsen did not receive an invitation to spring training in 2016, he realized his baseball career was coming to an end. ", " On August 8, 2016, he started co-hosting a morning sports talk radio show on KNBR 1050 called \"The Audible\". ", " On August 14, 2017, he began co-hosting \"KNBR Tonight\" on KNBR 680.", "\n\nFrandsen coached a year of high school baseball along with his former college coach Sam Piraro at Willow Glen High School in San Jose, California. ", "There he helped coach them to a CCS Championship.", "\n\nIn January 2018, it was announced that Frandsen would be serving as a part-time color analyst for the Philadelphia Phillies Radio Network during the 2018 season. ", "In December 2018, it was announced that Frandsen's radio role would expand to calling half the Phillies' games per season alongside play-by-play announcer Scott Franzke.", "\n\nPersonal life\n\nFrandsen, with family and friends, started and runs the \"19 For Life\" Foundation \"...to fund off-site recreational activities for children coping with serious illness at Lucile Packard Children's Hospital; scholarships for local high school athletes who have overcome illness and adversity; and Bellarmine seniors needing financial assistance to complete their high school education.\" ", "\n\nIn 2007, Frandsen completed the two courses he needed for graduation and earned a degree in finance from San José State University.", "\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\nFrannie on the Farm — Kevin Frandsen's MLBlog\nSan Jose State biography\n\nCategory:1982 births\nCategory:Living people\nCategory:Sportspeople from San Jose, California\nCategory:Baseball players from California\nCategory:Major League Baseball second basemen\nCategory:San Francisco Giants players\nCategory:Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim players\nCategory:Philadelphia Phillies players\nCategory:Washington Nationals players\nCategory:San Jose State Spartans baseball players\nCategory:Salem-Keizer Volcanoes players\nCategory:San Jose Giants players\nCategory:Norwich Navigators players\nCategory:Fresno Grizzlies players\nCategory:Pawtucket Red Sox players\nCategory:Salt Lake Bees players\nCategory:Lehigh Valley IronPigs players\nCategory:Clearwater Threshers players\nCategory:Reading Phillies players\nCategory:Reno Aces players\nCategory:Sacramento River Cats players\nCategory:Major League Baseball broadcasters\nCategory:Philadelphia Phillies broadcasters\nCategory:Bellarmine College Preparatory alumni" ]

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[ "Simple surgery for severe trichiasis.", "\nTo describe a simple surgical technique for the definitive treatment of severe trichiasis, where the eyelid position is adequate. ", "Five anterior lamellar excision procedures are reported, with wounds left to heal by the laissez-faire technique. ", "Postoperatively, all patients were symptom free. ", "No recurrences have been seen with a mean follow-up of 17 months. ", "Wound healing by secondary intention for periocular defects is not commonly described. ", "Combined anterior lamellar excision and laissez-faire technique shows promising results for trichiasis." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "Q:\n\nImageMagnifier как добавить рамку\n\nЕсть ImageMagnifier, который представляет собой \"лупу\" для ImageView:\npublic class ImageMagnifier extends android.support.v7.widget.", "AppCompatImageView {\n\n private PointF zoomPos;\n private boolean zooming = false;\n private Matrix matrix;\n private Paint paint;\n private Bitmap bitmap;\n private BitmapShader shader;\n private int sizeOfMagnifier = 200;\n\n public ImageMagnifier(Context context) {\n super(context);\n init();\n }\n\n public ImageMagnifier(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr) {\n super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr);\n init();\n }\n\n public ImageMagnifier(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {\n super(context, attrs);\n init();\n }\n\n private void init() {\n zoomPos = new PointF(0, 0);\n matrix = new Matrix();\n paint = new Paint();\n\n }\n\n @Override\n public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {\n int action = event.getAction();\n\n zoomPos.x = event.getX();\n zoomPos.y = event.getY();\n\n switch (action) {\n case MotionEvent.", "ACTION_DOWN:\n case MotionEvent.", "ACTION_MOVE:\n zooming = true;\n this.invalidate();\n break;\n case MotionEvent.", "ACTION_UP:\n case MotionEvent.", "ACTION_CANCEL:\n zooming = false;\n this.invalidate();\n break;\n\n default:\n break;\n }\n\n return true;\n }\n\n @Override\n protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {\n super.onDraw(canvas);\n if (!", "zooming) {\n buildDrawingCache();\n } else {\n\n bitmap = getDrawingCache();\n shader = new BitmapShader(bitmap, Shader.", "TileMode.", "CLAMP, Shader.", "TileMode.", "CLAMP);\n\n paint = new Paint();\n paint.setShader(shader);\n\n matrix.reset();\n matrix.postScale(2f, 2f, zoomPos.x, zoomPos.y);\n paint.getShader().setLocalMatrix(matrix);\n canvas.drawCircle(zoomPos.x, zoomPos.y - 150, sizeOfMagnifier, paint);\n }\n }\n}\n\nРаботает всё корректно, только не знаю как можно добавить рамку для лупы. ", "Пытался сделать что-то вроде:\npaint.setStyle(Paint.", "Style.", "STROKE);\npaint.setColor(Color.", "BLACK);\n\nНо в таком случае получается инверсия: увеличенное изображение отображается в рамке(которая должна быть черной), а сама лупа пустая.", "\n\nA:\n\nХод мыслей у вас был верный, только для рамки, нужно создать отдельный объект Pain и рисовать её после отрисовки самой лупы:\n...\ncanvas.drawCircle(zoomPos.x, zoomPos.y-150, sizeOfMagnifier, paint);\n\nPaint border = new Paint();\nborder.setStyle(Paint.", "Style.", "STROKE);\nborder.setColor(Color.", "BLACK);\ncanvas.drawCircle(zoomPos.x, zoomPos.y - 150, sizeOfMagnifier, border);\n\nТолько вы должны избегать создания новых объектов в методе onDraw, о чём вам вероятно уже подсказывала Android Studio. ", "То есть создайте объёкты Paint при инициализации вью, а в onDraw, просто переиспользуйте их.", "\n\n" ]

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