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Australia: The event was held in Canberra, Australian Capital Territory on April 24, and covered around 16 km of Canberra's central areas, from Reconciliation Place to Commonwealth Park. Upon its arrival in Canberra, the Olympic flame was presented by Chinese officials to local Aboriginal elder Agnes Shea, of the Ngunnawal people. She, in turn, offered them a message stick, as a gift of peace and welcome. Hundreds of pro-Tibet protesters and thousands of Chinese students reportedly attended. Demonstrators and counter-demonstrators were kept apart by the Australian Federal Police. Preparations for the event were marred by a disagreement over the role of the Chinese flame attendants, with Australian and Chinese officials arguing publicly over their function and prerogatives during a press conference. | When did the torch arrive in Canberra? {sep_token} Who received the flame from Chinese officials in Canberra? {sep_token} What did Agnes Shea give to the Chinese in return? {sep_token} Who publicly argued at a press conference? {sep_token} Where was the relay held in Australia? {sep_token} How many kilometers was the route in Australia? {sep_token} What was the location of the beginning of the Olympic torch route in Australia? {sep_token} Who kept the demonstrators separated? {sep_token} What is the name of the Aboriginal elder who received the torch from Chinese officials? {sep_token} |
China: In China, the torch was first welcomed by Politburo Standing Committee member Zhou Yongkang and State Councilor Liu Yandong. It was subsequently passed onto CPC General Secretary Hu Jintao. A call to boycott French hypermart Carrefour from May 1 began spreading through mobile text messaging and online chat rooms amongst the Chinese over the weekend from April 12, accusing the company's major shareholder, the LVMH Group, of donating funds to the Dalai Lama. There were also calls to extend the boycott to include French luxury goods and cosmetic products. According to the Washington Times on April 15, however, the Chinese government was attempting to "calm the situation" through censorship: "All comments posted on popular Internet forum Sohu.com relating to a boycott of Carrefour have been deleted." Chinese protesters organized boycotts of the French-owned retail chain Carrefour in major Chinese cities including Kunming, Hefei and Wuhan, accusing the French nation of pro-secessionist conspiracy and anti-Chinese racism. Some burned French flags, some added Nazism's Swastika to the French flag, and spread short online messages calling for large protests in front of French consulates and embassy. The Carrefour boycott was met with anti-boycott demonstrators who insisted on entering one of the Carrefour stores in Kunming, only to be blocked by boycotters wielding large Chinese flags and hit by water bottles. The BBC reported that hundreds of people demonstrated in Beijing, Wuhan, Hefei, Kunming and Qingdao. | Action was taken to boycott which company? {sep_token} Who was the biggest shareholder of Carrefour? {sep_token} What did some protesters burn? {sep_token} Where were anti-protesters blocked from entering a Carrefour store with Chinese flags? {sep_token} Who was said to have given money to the Dalai Lama? {sep_token} What method did the Chinese government use to ease the boycott situation? {sep_token} What French company was being boycotted? {sep_token} |
France: The torch relay leg in Paris, held on April 7, began on the first level of the Eiffel Tower and finished at the Stade Charléty. The relay was initially supposed to cover 28 km, but it was shortened at the demand of Chinese officials following widespread protests by pro-Tibet and human rights activists, who repeatedly attempted to disrupt, hinder or halt the procession. A scheduled ceremony at the town hall was cancelled at the request of the Chinese authorities, and, also at the request of Chinese authorities, the torch finished the relay by bus instead of being carried by athletes. Paris City officials had announced plans to greet the Olympic flame with peaceful protest when the torch was to reach the French capital. The city government attached a banner reading "Paris defends human rights throughout the world" to the City Hall, in an attempt to promote values "of all humanity and of human rights." Members from Reporters Without Borders turned out in large numbers to protest. An estimated 3,000 French police protected the Olympic torch relay as it departed from the Eiffel Tower and criss-crossed Paris amid threat of protests. Widespread pro-Tibet protests, including an attempt by more than one demonstrator to extinguish the flame with water or fire extinguishers, prompted relay authorities to put out the flame five times (according to the police authorities in Paris) and load the torch onto a bus, at the demand of Chinese officials. This was later denied by the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs, despite video footage broadcast by French television network France 2 which showed Chinese flame attendants extinguishing the torch. Backup flames are with the relay at all times to relight the torch. French judoka and torchbearer David Douillet expressed his annoyance at the Chinese flame attendants who extinguished the torch which he was about to hand over to Teddy Riner: "I understand they're afraid of everything, but this is just annoying. They extinguished the flame despite the fact that there was no risk, and they could see it and they knew it. I don't know why they did it." | When did the torch relay in Paris occur? {sep_token} Where did the Paris route start for the torch relay? {sep_token} Rather than being carried by an athlete, how did the torch end its route in Paris? {sep_token} The flame of the torch was put out when David Douillet was ready to hand it to who? {sep_token} What date did the torch relay begin in France? {sep_token} What city in France did the torch relay start at? {sep_token} Where location was the torch relay started in the city in Paris? {sep_token} About how many police were said to have protected the torch in France? {sep_token} How many times was the torch put out in France die to security concerns? {sep_token} |
Great Britain: The torch relay leg held in London, the host city of the 2012 Summer Olympics, on April 6 began at Wembley Stadium, passed through the City of London, and eventually ended at O2 Arena in the eastern part of the city. The 48 km (30 mi) leg took a total of seven and a half hours to complete, and attracted protests by pro-Tibetan independence and pro-Human Rights supporters, prompting changes to the planned route and an unscheduled move onto a bus, which was then briefly halted by protestors. Home Secretary Jacqui Smith has officially complained to Beijing Organising Committee about the conduct of the tracksuit-clad Chinese security guards. The Chinese officials, seen manhandling protesters, were described by both the London Mayor Ken Livingstone and Lord Coe, chairman of the London Olympic Committee as "thugs". A Metropolitan police briefing paper revealed that security for the torch relay cost £750,000 and the participation of the Chinese security team had been agreed in advance, despite the Mayor stating, "We did not know beforehand these thugs were from the security services. Had I known so, we would have said no." | Which city hosted the 2012 Summer Olympics? {sep_token} When did the torch route begin in London? {sep_token} How much did security cost for the torch relay in London? {sep_token} What city held the Olympics in 2012? {sep_token} Where did the torch relay begin in London for the 2008 Olympics? {sep_token} Where did the relay end in London? {sep_token} How many miles was the relay in England? {sep_token} What word was used by London officials to describe Chinese security guards for their treatment of protesters? {sep_token} |
India: Due to concerns about pro-Tibet protests, the relay through New Delhi on April 17 was cut to just 2.3 km (less than 1.5 miles), which was shared amongst 70 runners. It concluded at the India Gate. The event was peaceful due to the public not being allowed at the relay. A total of five intended torchbearers -Kiran Bedi, Soha Ali Khan, Sachin Tendulkar, Bhaichung Bhutia and Sunil Gavaskar- withdrew from the event, citing "personal reasons", or, in Bhutia's case, explicitly wishing to "stand by the people of Tibet and their struggle" and protest against the PRC "crackdown" in Tibet. Indian national football captain, Baichung Bhutia refused to take part in the Indian leg of the torch relay, citing concerns over Tibet. Bhutia, who is Sikkimese, is the first athlete to refuse to run with the torch. Indian film star Aamir Khan states on his personal blog that the "Olympic Games do not belong to China" and confirms taking part in the torch relay "with a prayer in his heart for the people of Tibet, and ... for all people across the world who are victims of human rights violations". Rahul Gandhi, son of the Congress President Sonia Gandhi and scion of the Nehru-Gandhi family, also refused to carry the torch. | When did the torch visit New Delhi? {sep_token} How many runners carried the torch in New Delhi? {sep_token} Which football captain did not participate in the relay to show support for Tibet? {sep_token} How many torchbearers did not participate because of their concerns with Tibet? {sep_token} Where did the torch relay happen in India? {sep_token} How long was the route in India in miles? {sep_token} How many bearers of the torch were used in India? {sep_token} How many bearers decided not to participate? {sep_token} What is the name of the footballer who refused to be a part of the relay? {sep_token} |
Indonesia: The Olympic flame reached Jakarta on April 22. The original 20 km relay through Jakarta was cancelled due to "security worries", at the request of the Chinese embassy, and the torch was instead carried round the city main's stadium, as it had been in Islamabad. Several dozen pro-Tibet protesters gathered near the stadium, and were dispersed by the police. The event was held in the streets around the city main's stadium. The cancelling of the relay through the city itself was decided due to security concerns and at the request of the Chinese embassy. Only invitees and journalists were admitted inside the stadium. Protests took place outside the stadium. | When did the Olympic torch visit Jakarta? {sep_token} Who requested that the original route be cancelled? {sep_token} Along with invited people, who were the only other people allowed in the stadium? {sep_token} Where did the torch relay begin in Indonesia? {sep_token} How many kilometers was the planned route that was cancelled? {sep_token} Why was the first route not taken? {sep_token} What type of facility was the torch carried at instead. {sep_token} Where did protests occur when non one except invited guests and the press were allowed inside the stadium? {sep_token} |
Japan: The event was held in Nagano, which hosted the 1998 Winter Olympics, on April 26. Japanese Buddhist temple Zenkō-ji, which was originally scheduled to be the starting point for the Olympic torch relay in Nagano, refused to host the torch and pulled out of the relay plans, amid speculation that monks there sympathized with anti-Chinese government protesters. as well as the risk of disruption by violent protests. Parts of Zenkō-ji temple's main building (Zenkō-ji Hondō), reconstructed in 1707 and one of the National Treasures of Japan, was then vandalized with spraypaint. A new starting point, previously the site of a municipal building and now a parking lot, was chosen by the city. An event the city had planned to hold at the Minami Nagano Sports Park following the torch relay was also canceled out of concern about disruptions caused by demonstrators protesting against China's recent crackdown in Tibet. Thousands of riot police were mobilized to protect the torch along its route. The show of force kept most protesters in check, but slogans shouted by pro-China or pro-Tibet demonstrators, Japanese nationalists, and human rights organizations flooded the air. Five men were arrested and four injured amidst scenes of mob violence. The torch route was packed with mostly peaceful demonstrators. The public was not allowed at the parking lot where the relay started. After the Zenkoji monks held a prayer ceremony for victims of the recent events in Tibet. More than 100 police officers ran with the torch and riot police lined the streets while three helicopters flew above. Only two Chinese guards were allowed to accompany the torch because of Japan's concern over their treatment of demonstrators at previous relays. A man with a Tibetan flag tried to stop the torch at the beginning of the relay but was dragged off by police. Some raw eggs were also thrown from the crowd. | Who hosted the 1998 Winter Olympics? {sep_token} When did the torch arrive in Nagano? {sep_token} Where was the torch relay held in Japan? {sep_token} Which Olympics did Nagano host? {sep_token} What location was supposed to be the start of the relay event in Nagano? {sep_token} When monks pulled out of the event, where was the new starting point for the relay? {sep_token} How many Chinese guards were allowed to go with the torch? {sep_token} |
Kazakhstan: The first torchbearer in Almaty, where the Olympic torch arrived for the first time ever on April 2, was the President of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbaev. The route ran 20 km from Medeo stadium to Astana Square. There were reports that Uighur activists were arrested and some were deported back to China. | What virgin site did the torch visit on April 2? {sep_token} Who was the first person to be handed the torch in Almaty? {sep_token} Who is Nursultan Nazarbaev? {sep_token} The route in Almaty went from Medeo Stadium to where? {sep_token} What kind of activists were arrested in Almaty? {sep_token} What country did the torch get to for the first time? {sep_token} What is the name of the president who was the first torchbearer in Almaty? {sep_token} What was the distance in kilometers for the route in Kazakhstan? {sep_token} What activists were reported to have been arrested? {sep_token} |
Malaysia: The event was held in the capital city, Kuala Lumpur, on April 21. The 16.5 km long-relay began from the historic Independence Square, passed in front of several city landmarks before coming to an end at the iconic Petronas Twin Towers. Among the landmarks the Olympic flame passed next to were the Parliament House, National Mosque, KL Tower and Merdeka Stadium. A team of 1000 personnel from the Malaysian police Special Action Squad guarded the event and escorted the torchbearers. The last time an Olympic torch relay was held in Malaysia was the 1964 Tokyo edition. | When did the torch visit Malaysia? {sep_token} What is the capital city of Malaysia? {sep_token} Where did the route begin in Malaysia? {sep_token} Prior to the 2008 games, when did Malaysia last see an Olympic torch relay? {sep_token} What is the location of the start of the relay in Malaysia? {sep_token} Where did the relay end in Malaysia? {sep_token} What year was the last torch relay event in Malaysia? {sep_token} How many Special Police protected the relay event? {sep_token} |
North Korea: The event was held in Pyongyang on April 28. It was the first time that the Olympic torch has traveled to North Korea. A crowd of thousands waving pink paper flowers and small flags with the Beijing Olympics logo were organized by the authoritarian regime watched the beginning of the relay in Pyongyang, some waving Chinese flags. The event was presided over by the head of the country's parliament, Kim Yong Nam. The North, an ally of China, has been critical of disruptions to the torch relay elsewhere and has supported Beijing in its actions against protests in Tibet. Kim passed the torch to the first runner Pak Du Ik, who played on North Korea's 1966 World Cup soccer team, as he began the 19-kilometre route through Pyongyang. The relay began from the large sculpted flame of the obelisk of the Juche Tower, which commemorates the national ideology of Juche, or "self-reliance", created by the country's late founding President Kim Il Sung, father of leader Kim Jong Il, who did not attend. | When did the torch arrive in Pyongyang? {sep_token} Who presided over the torch event in North Korea? {sep_token} Who was the first torchbearer in North Korea? {sep_token} Where did the relay start? {sep_token} Where was the relay event held in North Korea? {sep_token} What date did the torch relay event take place? {sep_token} What did people in the crowd wave at the beginning of the relay? {sep_token} Who was the first runner with the torch? {sep_token} |
Pakistan: The Olympic torch reached Islamabad for the first time ever on April 16. President Pervez Musharraf and Prime Minister Yousaf Raza Gillani spoke at the opening ceremony of the relay. Security was high, for what one newspaper called the "most sensitive leg" of the torch's Olympic journey. The relay was initially supposed to carry the torch around Islamabad, but the entire relay was cancelled due to security concerns regarding "militant threats or anti-China protests", and replaced by an indoors ceremony with the torch carried around the track of Jinnah Stadium. In fear of violent protests and bomb attacks, the torch relay in Pakistan took place in a stadium behind closed doors. Although the relay was behind closed doors, thousands of policemen and soldiers guarded the flame. As a consequence, no incidents arose. | When did the torch arrive in Islamabad? {sep_token} Where was an indoor ceremony held since the outdoor relay was cancelled? {sep_token} Who spoke at the opening ceremony in Islamabad in addition to President Musharraf? {sep_token} Where did the Olympic torch relay start in Pakistan? {sep_token} Instead of a traditinal relay, where was the track the torch was carried in Pakistan? {sep_token} |
Russia: On April 5 the Olympic torch arrived at Saint Petersburg, Russia. The length of the torch relay route in the city was 20 km, with the start at the Victory Square and finish at the Palace Square. Mixed martial arts icon and former PRIDE Heavyweight Champion Fedor Emelianenko was one the torch bearers. This gives him the distinction of the being the first active MMA fighter to carry the Olympic flame. | When did the torch arrive in Saint Petersburg? {sep_token} Where was the start of the torch route in Saint Petersburg? {sep_token} Where did the torch route end in Saint Petersburg? {sep_token} Who is the first MMA fighter to participate in carrying the Olympic torch? {sep_token} Where in Russia was the first stop for the relay? {sep_token} What city location did the torch relay begin in Russia? {sep_token} What was the last location for the relay in Russia? {sep_token} What is the name of the MMA fighter who carried the torch in Russia? {sep_token} |
Sultanate of Oman: Muscat was the torch's only stop in the Middle East, on April 14. The relay covered 20 km. No protests or incidents were reported. One of the torchbearers was Syrian actress Sulaf Fawakherji. | Which Middle East location was the only area the torch visited? {sep_token} When did the torch arrive in Muscat? {sep_token} Which actress carried the torch for part of the route? {sep_token} Where was the only place the Olympic torch was carried in the Middle East? {sep_token} How far was the relay route in kilometers in the Middle East? {sep_token} What is the name of the Syrian actress who was one to bear the torch? {sep_token} |
Thailand: The April 18 relay through Bangkok was the Olympic flame's first visit to Thailand. The relay covered just over 10 km, and included Bangkok's Chinatown. The torch was carried past Democracy Monument, Chitralada Palace and a number of other city landmarks. M.R. Narisa Chakrabongse, Green World Foundation (GWF) chairwoman, withdrew from the torch-running ceremony, protesting against China's actions in Tibet. Several hundred protesters were present, along with Olympic supporters. Thai authorities threatened to arrest foreign protesters and ban them from future entry into Thailand. A coalition of Thai human rights groups announced that it would organise a "small demonstration" during the relay, and several hundred people did indeed take part in protests, facing Beijing supporters. Intended torchbearer Mom Rajawongse Narissara Chakrabongse boycotted the relay, to protest against China's actions in Tibet. In Bangkok, students told the media that the Chinese Embassy provided them with transportation and gave them shirts to wear. | When did the Olympic torch reach Bangkok? {sep_token} Who is the Green World Foundation chairwoman who refused to participate in the relay? {sep_token} The media was told that the Chinese supplied with shirts and transportation? {sep_token} When did the torch go through Bankok? {sep_token} The relay route was a little over how many kilometers? {sep_token} Who were told they would be banned from reentering Thailand? {sep_token} What scheduled bearer of the torch boycotted? {sep_token} |
Turkey: The torch relay leg in Istanbul, held on April 3, started on Sultanahmet Square and finished in Taksim Square. Uyghurs living in Turkey protested at Chinese treatment of their compatriots living in Xinjiang. Several protesters who tried to disrupt the relay were promptly arrested by the police. | When was the torch in Istanbul? {sep_token} Where did the torch end up in Istanbul? {sep_token} Where did the torch start in Instanbul? {sep_token} Who protested for their compatriots who were in Xinjiang? {sep_token} What city was the Olympic Torch at on April 3rd? {sep_token} What is the name of the place in the city where the torch relay started in Turkey? {sep_token} Where did the torch relay finish in Turkey? {sep_token} What people in Turkey protested for their people living in China? {sep_token} What happened to protesters who tried to interrupt the carrying of the torch? {sep_token} |
A gene is a locus (or region) of DNA that encodes a functional RNA or protein product, and is the molecular unit of heredity.:Glossary The transmission of genes to an organism's offspring is the basis of the inheritance of phenotypic traits. Most biological traits are under the influence of polygenes (many different genes) as well as the gene–environment interactions. Some genetic traits are instantly visible, such as eye colour or number of limbs, and some are not, such as blood type, risk for specific diseases, or the thousands of basic biochemical processes that comprise life. | What is a gene? {sep_token} What is the basis of inheritance of phenotypic traits? {sep_token} What influence are most biological traits under? {sep_token} What is one instantly visible genetic trait? {sep_token} What is one invisible genetic trait? {sep_token} |
In the Catholic Church, Mary is accorded the title "Blessed", (from Latin beatus, blessed, via Greek μακάριος, makarios and Latin facere, make) in recognition of her assumption to Heaven and her capacity to intercede on behalf of those who pray to her. Catholic teachings make clear that Mary is not considered divine and prayers to her are not answered by her, they are answered by God. The four Catholic dogmas regarding Mary are: Mother of God, Perpetual virginity of Mary, Immaculate Conception (of Mary) and Assumption of Mary. | What title is given to Mary in the Catholic Church? {sep_token} What is the Latin word from which Mary's title of Blessed is derived? {sep_token} How many Catholic dogmas are there regarding Mary? {sep_token} Along with Mother of God, Immaculate Conception and Assumption of Mary, what is the other Catholic dogma related to Mary? {sep_token} |
The method of self-exertion or "self-power"—without reliance on an external force or being—stands in contrast to another major form of Buddhism, Pure Land, which is characterized by utmost trust in the salvific "other-power" of Amitabha Buddha. Pure Land Buddhism is a very widespread and perhaps the most faith-orientated manifestation of Buddhism and centres upon the conviction that faith in Amitabha Buddha and the chanting of homage to his name liberates one at death into the Blissful (安樂), Pure Land (淨土) of Amitabha Buddha. This Buddhic realm is variously construed as a foretaste of Nirvana, or as essentially Nirvana itself. The great vow of Amitabha Buddha to rescue all beings from samsaric suffering is viewed within Pure Land Buddhism as universally efficacious, if only one has faith in the power of that vow or chants his name. | What is characterized by the deep truts in the "other-power" of Amitabha Buddha {sep_token} What is perhaps the most faith-oriented for of Buddhism? {sep_token} What Buddha vowed to rescue all beings from samsaric suffering? {sep_token} |
XML databases are a type of structured document-oriented database that allows querying based on XML document attributes. XML databases are mostly used in enterprise database management, where XML is being used as the machine-to-machine data interoperability standard. XML database management systems include commercial software MarkLogic and Oracle Berkeley DB XML, and a free use software Clusterpoint Distributed XML/JSON Database. All are enterprise software database platforms and support industry standard ACID-compliant transaction processing with strong database consistency characteristics and high level of database security. | What kind of database is XML? {sep_token} Where are XML databases frequently used? {sep_token} What type of processing is used in enterprise database software? {sep_token} How is XML used in enterprise database management? {sep_token} |
Among the vast varieties of microorganisms, relatively few cause disease in otherwise healthy individuals. Infectious disease results from the interplay between those few pathogens and the defenses of the hosts they infect. The appearance and severity of disease resulting from any pathogen, depends upon the ability of that pathogen to damage the host as well as the ability of the host to resist the pathogen. However a host's immune system can also cause damage to the host itself in an attempt to control the infection. Clinicians therefore classify infectious microorganisms or microbes according to the status of host defenses - either as primary pathogens or as opportunistic pathogens: | Of the huge amount of microorganisms, how many cause disease in otherwise healthy individuals? {sep_token} Interplay between pathogens and defenses of hosts results in what? {sep_token} What does the severity of a disease resulting from a pathogen depend on? {sep_token} What can a host's immune system do to a host? {sep_token} What do clinicians classify infectious microorganisms according to the status of? {sep_token} |
Argentina: The torch relay leg in Buenos Aires, Argentina, held on April 11, began with an artistic show at the Lola Mora amphitheatre in Costanera Sur. In the end of the show the mayor of Buenos Aires Mauricio Macri gave the torch to the first torchbearer, Carlos Espínola. The leg finished at the Buenos Aires Riding Club in the Palermo district, the last torchbearer being Gabriela Sabatini. The 13.8 km route included landmarks like the obelisk and Plaza de Mayo. The day was marked by several pro-Tibet protests, which included a giant banner reading "Free Tibet", and an alternative "human rights torch" that was lit by protesters and paraded along the route the flame was to take. Most of these protests were peaceful in nature, and the torch was not impeded. Chinese immigrants also turned out in support of the Games, but only minor scuffles were reported between both groups. Runners surrounded by rows of security carried the Olympic flame past thousands of jubilant Argentines in the most trouble-free torch relay in nearly a week. People showered the parade route with confetti as banks, government offices and businesses took an impromptu half-day holiday for the only Latin American stop on the flame's five-continent journey. | When did the Olympic torch relay begin in Buenos Aires? {sep_token} Where did the torch route start in Buenos Aires? {sep_token} Who was the mayor of Buenos Aires? {sep_token} Where did the Olympic torch relay begin in Argentina? {sep_token} What place held an opening show for the relay? {sep_token} What is the name of the mayor who passed off the torch to the first bearer in Argentina? {sep_token} Who was the first bearer of the torch in Argentina? {sep_token} What was showered along the route in some places? {sep_token} |
Capacitors deviate from the ideal capacitor equation in a number of ways. Some of these, such as leakage current and parasitic effects are linear, or can be assumed to be linear, and can be dealt with by adding virtual components to the equivalent circuit of the capacitor. The usual methods of network analysis can then be applied. In other cases, such as with breakdown voltage, the effect is non-linear and normal (i.e., linear) network analysis cannot be used, the effect must be dealt with separately. There is yet another group, which may be linear but invalidate the assumption in the analysis that capacitance is a constant. Such an example is temperature dependence. Finally, combined parasitic effects such as inherent inductance, resistance, or dielectric losses can exhibit non-uniform behavior at variable frequencies of operation. | What characteristic can leakage current and parasitic effects be assumed to have in the equation for a realistic capacitor? {sep_token} What sort of components can be added to the equivalent circuit of a capacitor in order to deal with leakage current and parasitic effects? {sep_token} Upon dealing with leakage current and parasitic effects in a realistic model of a capacitor, what sort of methods can then be applied? {sep_token} What sort of analysis cannot be used in cases of voltage breakdown in modelling a capacitor? {sep_token} What causes the assumption of constant capacitance to fail even if the effect is linear in nature? {sep_token} |
China: The torch returned to China for the first time since April. The torch arrived in Sanya, Hainan on May 4 with celebrations attended by International Olympic Committee (IOC) officials and Chinese big names like Jackie Chan. The entire relay through Mainland China was largely a success with many people welcoming the arrival of the torch along the way. | After its April departure, when did the torch return to China? {sep_token} What actor attended a torch celebration in China? {sep_token} When did the torch reach Sanya, Hainan? {sep_token} When was the last time the torch had been in China? {sep_token} Who attended the celebrations? {sep_token} Which actor also attended the celebrations? {sep_token} |
Greece: On March 24, 2008, the Olympic Flame was ignited at Olympia, Greece, site of the ancient Olympic Games. The actress Maria Nafpliotou, in the role of a High Priestess, ignited the torch of the first torchbearer, a silver medalist of the 2004 Summer Olympics in taekwondo Alexandros Nikolaidis from Greece, who handed the flame over to the second torchbearer, Olympic champion in women's breaststroke Luo Xuejuan from China. Following the recent unrest in Tibet, three members of Reporters Without Borders, including Robert Ménard, breached security and attempted to disrupt a speech by Liu Qi, the head of Beijing's Olympic organising committee during the torch lighting ceremony in Olympia, Greece. The People's Republic of China called this a "disgraceful" attempt to sabotage the Olympics. On March 30, 2008 in Athens, during ceremonies marking the handing over of the torch from Greek officials to organizers of the Beijing games, demonstrators shouted 'Free Tibet' and unfurled banners; some 10 of the 15 protesters were taken into police detention. After the hand-off, protests continued internationally, with particularly violent confrontations with police in Nepal. | On what date did the Olympic Flame get lit? {sep_token} Where did the Olympic Flame get lit? {sep_token} Who was the first person to carry the torch? {sep_token} Who initially lit the Olympic Torch? {sep_token} When did demonstrators yell for Tibet to be freed? {sep_token} Where is the location of the original Olympic events? {sep_token} What is the name of the woman who lit the torch for the new games? {sep_token} What medal did the first torchbearer have from prior games? {sep_token} What is the name of the first torchbearer for the 2008 Olympics? {sep_token} What place had police experience violent problems with protesters? {sep_token} |
Hong Kong: The event was held in Hong Kong on May 2. In the ceremony held at the Hong Kong Cultural Centre in Tsim Sha Tsui, Chief Executive Donald Tsang handed the torch to the first torchbearer, Olympic medalist Lee Lai Shan. The torch relay then traveled through Nathan Road, Lantau Link, Sha Tin (crossed Shing Mun River via a dragon boat, which had been never used before in the history of Olympic torch relays), Victoria Harbour (crossed by Tin Hau, a VIP vessel managed by the Marine Department) before ending in Golden Bauhinia Square in Wan Chai. A total of 120 torchbearers were selected to participate in the event consisting of celebrities, athletes and pro-Beijing camp politicians. No politicians from the pro-democracy camp were selected as torchbearers. One torchbearer could not participate due to flight delay. It was estimated that more than 200,000 spectators came out and watched the relay. Many enthusiastic supporters wore red shirts and waved large Chinese flags. According to Hong Kong Chief Secretary for Administration Henry Tang, 3,000 police were deployed to ensure order. | When did the torch arrive in Hong Kong? {sep_token} Who was the first torchbearer in Hong Kong? {sep_token} Where was the torch event started in Hong Kong? {sep_token} Where did the torch relay end in Hong Kong? {sep_token} How many torchbearers participated in the relay event in Hong Kong? {sep_token} When was the relay event held in Hong Kong? {sep_token} Who handed the torch to Lee Lai Shan, the first torchbearer? {sep_token} What was used to get the torch across the Shing Mun River? {sep_token} How many torchbearers carried the torch? {sep_token} The torchbearers included athletes, celebrities and who? {sep_token} |
ISPs provide Internet access, employing a range of technologies to connect users to their network. Available technologies have ranged from computer modems with acoustic couplers to telephone lines, to television cable (CATV), wireless Ethernet (wi-fi), and fiber optics. | What do ISPs provide? {sep_token} how do isps provide internet access? {sep_token} what is one type of technology used to connect to the internet? {sep_token} what type of technology is used to connect to the internet wirelessly? {sep_token} what was an earlier technology used to connect to the internet? {sep_token} |
In 1955, DC Sinclair and G Weddell developed peripheral pattern theory, based on a 1934 suggestion by John Paul Nafe. They proposed that all skin fiber endings (with the exception of those innervating hair cells) are identical, and that pain is produced by intense stimulation of these fibers. Another 20th-century theory was gate control theory, introduced by Ronald Melzack and Patrick Wall in the 1965 Science article "Pain Mechanisms: A New Theory". The authors proposed that both thin (pain) and large diameter (touch, pressure, vibration) nerve fibers carry information from the site of injury to two destinations in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, and that the more large fiber activity relative to thin fiber activity at the inhibitory cell, the less pain is felt. Both peripheral pattern theory and gate control theory have been superseded by more modern theories of pain[citation needed]. | What year was peripheral pattern theory developed? {sep_token} Whose suggestion prompted the development of peripheral pattern theory? {sep_token} What does the gate control theory specify the diameter of which is responsible for the amount of pain sensation? {sep_token} What did DC Sinclair and G Weddell propose a property of all skin fiber endings is? {sep_token} Why were peripheral pattern theory and gate control theory left behind? {sep_token} |
In Methodism, Mary is honored as the Mother of God. Methodists do not have any additional teachings on the Virgin Mary except from what is mentioned in Scripture and the ecumenical Creeds. As such, Methodists believe that Mary was conceived in her womb through the Holy Ghost and accept the doctrine of the Virgin Birth, although they, along with Orthodox Christians and other Protestant Christians, reject the doctrine of the Immaculate Conception. John Wesley, the principal founder of the Methodist movement within the Church of England, believed that Mary "continued a pure and unspotted virgin", thus upholding the doctrine of the perpetual virginity of Mary. Contemporary Methodism does hold that Mary was a virgin before, during, and immediately after the birth of Christ. In addition, some Methodists also hold the doctrine of the Assumption of Mary as a pious opinion. | Which doctrine about Mary do Methodists reject? {sep_token} Who was the founder of the Methodist movement? {sep_token} What are the sources of beliefs about Mary held by Methodists? {sep_token} The Methodist movement began in which church? {sep_token} Which Marian doctrine did John Wesley uphold in founding Methodism? {sep_token} |
Macao: The event was held in Macau on May 3. It was the first time that the Olympic torch had traveled to Macau. A ceremony was held at Macau Fisherman's Wharf. Afterward, the torch traveled through Macau, passing by a number of landmarks including A-Ma Temple, Macau Tower, Ponte Governador Nobre de Carvalho, Ponte de Sai Van, Macau Cultural Centre, Macau Stadium and then back to the Fisherman's Wharf for the closing ceremony. Parts of the route near Ruins of St. Paul's and Taipa was shortened due to large crowds of supporters blocking narrow streets. A total of 120 torchbearers participated in this event including casino tycoon Stanley Ho. Leong Hong Man and Leong Heng Teng were the first and last torchbearer in the relay respectively. An article published on Macao Daily News criticized that the list of the torchbearers could not fully represent the Macanese and that there were too many non-athletes among the torchbearers. (some of whom had already been torchbearers of other sporting events) | When did the torch visit Macao? {sep_token} Where was the torch ceremony held in Macao? {sep_token} How many torchbearers participated in Macao? {sep_token} Who was the first torchbearer in Macao? {sep_token} A newspaper article criticized that there were not enough of what kind of person among the torchbearers? {sep_token} When was the torch relay event held in Macao? {sep_token} How many torchbearers carried the torch in Macao? {sep_token} Who was the first person to carry the torch in Macao? {sep_token} Which casino tycoon participated in the torch relay event? {sep_token} Which publication was unhappy with the amount of non-athlete torchbearers? {sep_token} |
South Korea: The event was held in Seoul, which hosted the 1988 Summer Olympics, on April 27. Intended torchbearers Choi Seung-kook and Park Won-sun boycotted the event to protest against the Chinese government's crackdown in Tibet. More than 8,000 riot police were deployed to guard the 24-kilometre route, which began at Olympic Park, which was built when Seoul hosted the 1988 Summer Games. On the day of the torch relay in Seoul, Chinese students clashed with protesters, throwing rocks, bottles, and punches. A North Korean defector whose brother defected to China but was captured and executed by the DPRK, attempted to set himself on fire in protest of China's treatment of North Korean refugees. He poured gasoline on himself but police quickly surrounded him and carried him away. Two other demonstrators tried to storm the torch but failed. Fighting broke out near the beginning of the relay between a group of 500 Chinese supporters and approximately 50 protesters who carried a banner that read: "Free North Korean refugees in China." The students threw stones and water bottles as approximately 2,500 police tried to keep the groups separated. Police said they arrested five people, including a Chinese student who was arrested for allegedly throwing rocks. Thousands of Chinese followed the torch on its 4.5 hour journey, some chanting, "Go China, go Olympics!" By the end of the relay, Chinese students became violent, and it was reported in Korean media that they were "lynching" everyone who was disagreeing with them. One police man was also rushed to hospital after being attacked by Chinese students. On Apr 29, the Secretary of Justice, Kim Kyung Han, told the prime minister that he will find "every single Chinese who was involved and bring them to justice." Later in the day, South Korea's Prosecutor's Office, National Police Agency, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and National Intelligence Service made a joint statement saying that they will be deporting every Chinese student that was involved in the incident. China defended the conduct of the students. | Where was the torch relay event held in South Korea? {sep_token} When did Seoul host the Olympics? {sep_token} Where was the start point for the relay? {sep_token} Who became violent during the relay route and was promised deportation when caught? {sep_token} Where was the relay event held in South Korea? {sep_token} Which Olympics did Seoul host? {sep_token} |
Sugar taken orally reduces the total crying time but not the duration of the first cry in newborns undergoing a painful procedure (a single lancing of the heel). It does not moderate the effect of pain on heart rate and a recent single study found that sugar did not significantly affect pain-related electrical activity in the brains of newborns one second after the heel lance procedure. Sweet oral liquid moderately reduces the incidence and duration of crying caused by immunization injection in children between one and twelve months of age. | What, when taken orally, can reduce total crying time of newsborns undergoing a painful procedure? {sep_token} What doesn't sugar change the effect of pain on? {sep_token} Sugar also doesn't measurably change what type of electrical activity in the brains of newborns a second after the heel lance procedure? {sep_token} A sweet oral liquid does moderately reduce the incidence and duration of what? {sep_token} |
Tanzania: Dar es Salaam was the torch's only stop in Africa, on April 13. The relay began at the grand terminal of the TAZARA Railway, which was China's largest foreign aid project of the 1970s, and continued for 5 km through the old city to the Benjamin Mkapa National Stadium in Temeke, which was built with Chinese aid in 2005. The torch was lit by Vice-President Ali Mohamed Shein. About a thousand people followed the relay, waving the Olympic flag. The only noted instance of protest was Nobel Peace Prize laureate Wangari Maathai's withdrawal from the list of torchbearers, in protest against human rights abuses in Tibet. | Where was the only African destination for the torch? {sep_token} When did the torch arrive in Dar es Salaam? {sep_token} Where did the route start for the torch in Dar es Salaam? {sep_token} Where was the solitary place the relay was held in Africa? {sep_token} What is the name of the railway where the Olympic torch relay began in Africa? {sep_token} Where did the relay terminate in Africa? {sep_token} What country paid for the stadium through aid money? {sep_token} Who it the torch in Africa? {sep_token} |
The English name Switzerland is a compound containing Switzer, an obsolete term for the Swiss, which was in use during the 16th to 19th centuries. The English adjective Swiss is a loan from French Suisse, also in use since the 16th century. The name Switzer is from the Alemannic Schwiizer, in origin an inhabitant of Schwyz and its associated territory, one of the Waldstätten cantons which formed the nucleus of the Old Swiss Confederacy. The name originates as an exonym, applied pars pro toto to the troops of the Confederacy. The Swiss began to adopt the name for themselves after the Swabian War of 1499, used alongside the term for "Confederates", Eidgenossen (literally: comrades by oath), used since the 14th century. | What was the Swiss term for Switzerland during the 16th - 19th centuries? {sep_token} Where did the English adjective Swiss originate from? {sep_token} Where did the name Switzer originate from? {sep_token} What did the Alemannic Schwiizer help form the nucleus of? {sep_token} |
The exta were the entrails of a sacrificed animal, comprising in Cicero's enumeration the gall bladder (fel), liver (iecur), heart (cor), and lungs (pulmones). The exta were exposed for litatio (divine approval) as part of Roman liturgy, but were "read" in the context of the disciplina Etrusca. As a product of Roman sacrifice, the exta and blood are reserved for the gods, while the meat (viscera) is shared among human beings in a communal meal. The exta of bovine victims were usually stewed in a pot (olla or aula), while those of sheep or pigs were grilled on skewers. When the deity's portion was cooked, it was sprinkled with mola salsa (ritually prepared salted flour) and wine, then placed in the fire on the altar for the offering; the technical verb for this action was porricere. | What were the exta of a sacrifice? {sep_token} How were the exta read in Roman religious practice? {sep_token} What part of the sacrifice were reserved for the gods? {sep_token} What part of the sacrifice was shared among humans? {sep_token} Into what was the god's portion of the sacrifice placed? {sep_token} |
The strength of beers has climbed during the later years of the 20th century. Vetter 33, a 10.5% abv (33 degrees Plato, hence Vetter "33") doppelbock, was listed in the 1994 Guinness Book of World Records as the strongest beer at that time, though Samichlaus, by the Swiss brewer Hürlimann, had also been listed by the Guinness Book of World Records as the strongest at 14% abv. Since then, some brewers have used champagne yeasts to increase the alcohol content of their beers. Samuel Adams reached 20% abv with Millennium, and then surpassed that amount to 25.6% abv with Utopias. The strongest beer brewed in Britain was Baz's Super Brew by Parish Brewery, a 23% abv beer. In September 2011, the Scottish brewery BrewDog produced Ghost Deer, which, at 28%, they claim to be the world's strongest beer produced by fermentation alone. | How much alcohol is contained in the beer Vetter 33? {sep_token} What was the strongest beer in 1994 according to the Guinness Book of World Records? {sep_token} What brewing company produced the beer Millennium? {sep_token} What year did the brewing company BrewDog start producing a beer called Ghost Deer? {sep_token} What do brewing companies sometimes use to give more alcohol content to their beer? {sep_token} |
United States of America: The torch relay's North American leg occurred in San Francisco, California on April 9. On the day of the relay officials diverted the torch run to an unannounced route. The start was at McCovey Cove, where Norman Bellingham of the U.S. Olympic Committee gave the torch to the first torchbearer, Chinese 1992 Olympic champion swimmer Lin Li. The planned closing ceremony at Justin Herman Plaza was cancelled and instead, a ceremony was held at San Francisco International Airport, where the torch was to leave for Buenos Aires. The route changes allowed the run to avoid large numbers of China supporters and protesters against China. As people found out there would be no closing ceremony at Justin Herman Plaza, there were angry reactions. One demonstrator was quoted as saying that the route changes were an effort to "thwart any organized protest that had been planned." San Francisco Board of Supervisors President Aaron Peskin, a critic of Mayor Gavin Newsom, said that it was a "cynical plan to please the Bush State Department and the Chinese government because of the incredible influence of money." Newsom, on the other hand, said he felt it was in "everyone's best interest" and that he believed people had been "afforded the right to protest and support the torch" despite the route changes. Peter Ueberroth, head of the U.S. Olympic Committee, praised the route changes, saying, "The city of San Francisco, from a global perspective, will be applauded." People who saw the torch were surprised and cheered as shown from live video of CBS and NBC. The cost to the city for hosting the event was reported to be USD $726,400, nearly half of which has been recovered by private fundraising. Mayor Gavin Newsom said that "exponential" costs associated with mass arrests were avoided by his decision to change the route in consultation with police chief Heather Fong. | Where did the torch start it's North American route? {sep_token} What day did the torch arrive in San Francisco? {sep_token} What is the name of the first North American torchbearer? {sep_token} The route end was changed from Justin Herman plaza to what? {sep_token} Who was the head of the U.S. Olympic Committee? {sep_token} What city in the United States held the 2008 Olympic Torch relay? {sep_token} What was the date of the relay in the United States? {sep_token} What is the name of the person who handed off the torch to the torchbearer in the United States 2008 Olympic relay? {sep_token} What is the name of the location where the relay ending event was canceled? {sep_token} |
Vietnam: The event was held in Ho Chi Minh City on April 29. Some 60 torchbearers carried the torch from the downtown Opera House to the Military Zone 7 Competition Hall stadium near Tan Son Nhat International Airport along an undisclosed route. Vietnam is involved in a territorial dispute with China (and other countries) for sovereignty of the Spratly and Paracel Islands; tensions have risen recently[when?] following reports that the Chinese government had established a county-level city named Sansha in the disputed territories, resulting in anti-Chinese demonstrations in December 2007 in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City. However to sustain its relationship with China the Vietnamese government has actively sought to head off protests during the torch relay, with Prime Minister Nguyễn Tấn Dũng warning government agencies that "hostile forces" may try to disrupt the torch relay. | When did the torch arrive in Vietnam? {sep_token} Where was the torch event held in Vietnam? {sep_token} How many torchbearers carried the torch in Vietnam? {sep_token} Where did the torch event begin in Vietnam? {sep_token} Where did the torch event end? {sep_token} Where was the torch event held in Vietnam? {sep_token} What areas are involved in the dispute between Vietnam and China? {sep_token} The Chinese government established what city in this disputed area? {sep_token} As a result, demonstrations were held in what two cities in December 2007? {sep_token} Who was the Prime Minister of Vietnam? {sep_token} |
Zhejiang (help·info), formerly romanized as Chekiang, is an eastern coastal province of China. Zhejiang is bordered by Jiangsu province and Shanghai municipality to the north, Anhui province to the northwest, Jiangxi province to the west, and Fujian province to the south; to the east is the East China Sea, beyond which lie the Ryukyu Islands of Japan. | What was Zhejiang formerly romanized as? {sep_token} Which province is Zhejiang bordered by to the northwest? {sep_token} Which province is Zhejiang bordered by to the west? {sep_token} Which province is Zhejiang bordered by to the south? {sep_token} Which body of water is to the east of Zhejiang? {sep_token} |
"4 Minutes" was released as the album's lead single and peaked at number three on the Billboard Hot 100. It was Madonna's 37th top-ten hit on the chart—it pushed Madonna past Elvis Presley as the artist with the most top-ten hits. In the UK she retained her record for the most number-one singles for a female artist; "4 Minutes" becoming her thirteenth. At the 23rd Japan Gold Disc Awards, Madonna received her fifth Artist of the Year trophy from Recording Industry Association of Japan, the most for any artist. To further promote the album, Madonna embarked on the Sticky & Sweet Tour; her first major venture with Live Nation. With a gross of $280 million, it became the highest-grossing tour by a solo artist then, surpassing the previous record Madonna set with the Confessions Tour; it was later surpassed by Roger Waters' The Wall Live. It was extended to the next year, adding new European dates, and after it ended, the total gross was $408 million. | Which single was released as the album's lead single? {sep_token} Madonna surpassed which artist with the most top-ten hits? {sep_token} 4 minutes became Madonna's which number one single in the UK? {sep_token} What is the name of the first tour with Live Nation? {sep_token} How much did Stick and Sweet Tour grossed? {sep_token} |
"Alsatia", the Latin form of Alsace's name, has long ago entered the English language with the specialized meaning of "a lawless place" or "a place under no jurisdiction" - since Alsace was conceived by English people to be such. It was used into the 20th century as a term for a ramshackle marketplace, "protected by ancient custom and the independence of their patrons". As of 2007, the word is still in use among the English and Australian judiciaries with the meaning of a place where the law cannot reach: "In setting up the Serious Organised Crime Agency, the state has set out to create an Alsatia - a region of executive action free of judicial oversight," Lord Justice Sedley in UMBS v SOCA 2007. | What is the meaning of the name Aslatia in English? {sep_token} What was the meaning or term used for Aslace that was used by english people in the 20th century? {sep_token} Which nationalities still refer it to Alslace "ramshackle marketplace" as of 2007? {sep_token} |
"At 11 am Petrus Canisius Van Lierde as Papal Sacristan was at the bedside of the dying pope, ready to anoint him. The pope began to speak for the very last time: "I had the great grace to be born into a Christian family, modest and poor, but with the fear of the Lord. My time on earth is drawing to a close. But Christ lives on and continues his work in the Church. Souls, souls, ut omnes unum sint."[c] Van Lierde then anointed his eyes, ears, mouth, hands and feet. Overcome by emotion, Van Lierde forgot the right order of anointing. John XXIII gently helped him before bidding those present a last farewell. | Who was at the dying pope's bedside? {sep_token} Who was the Papal Sacristan for John XXIII? {sep_token} When did the pope bid farewell? {sep_token} |
"Azure, three ships with three masts, rigged and under full sail, the sails, pennants and ensigns Argent, each charged with a cross Gules; on a chief of the second a pale quarterly Azure and Gules, on the 1st and 4th a fleur-de-lis or, on the 2nd and 3rd a leopard or, between two roses Gules seeded Or barbed Vert." The shield had as a crest: "A sphere without a frame, bounded with the Zodiac in bend Or, between two pennants flottant Argent, each charged with a cross Gules, over the sphere the words DEUS INDICAT" (Latin: God Indicates). The supporters were two sea lions (lions with fishes' tails) and the motto was DEO DUCENTE NIL NOCET (Latin: Where God Leads, Nothing Hurts). | What does DEUS INDICAT mean? {sep_token} what type of flowers did Gules use? {sep_token} after the DEUS INDICAT what type of sea animals were pictured? {sep_token} in the above quote how many ship and masts were indicated? {sep_token} What animal was listed as part of the four fleur-de-lis in the above quote {sep_token} |
"Baseball's Sad Lexicon," also known as "Tinker to Evers to Chance" after its refrain, is a 1910 baseball poem by Franklin Pierce Adams. The poem is presented as a single, rueful stanza from the point of view of a New York Giants fan seeing the talented Chicago Cubs infield of shortstop Joe Tinker, second baseman Johnny Evers, and first baseman Frank Chance complete a double play. The trio began playing together with the Cubs in 1902, and formed a double play combination that lasted through April 1912. The Cubs won the pennant four times between 1906 and 1910, often defeating the Giants en route to the World Series. | What was "Baseball's Sad Lexicon" also known as? {sep_token} Who wrote "Baseball's Sad Lexicon"? {sep_token} What poem did Franklin Pierce Adams write? {sep_token} |
"By May 1539, Conquistador Hernando de Soto skirted the coast of Florida, searching for a deep harbor to land. He described seeing a thick wall of red mangroves spread mile after mile, some reaching as high as 70 feet (21 m), with intertwined and elevated roots making landing difficult. Very soon, 'many smokes' appeared 'along the whole coast', billowing against the sky, when the Native ancestors of the Seminole spotted the newcomers and spread the alarm by signal fires". The Spanish introduced Christianity, cattle, horses, sheep, the Spanish language, and more to Florida.[full citation needed] Both the Spanish and French established settlements in Florida, with varying degrees of success. In 1559, Don Tristán de Luna y Arellano established a colony at present-day Pensacola, one of the first European settlements in the continental United States, but it was abandoned by 1561. | What conquistador landed in Florida in 1539 {sep_token} Who established early settlements in Florida {sep_token} Who established 1 of the first Us settlements in Florida {sep_token} What people were discovered by early settlers of Florida {sep_token} What did Spanish settlers introduce to Florida {sep_token} |
"Chopped" units are referred to as forces. The top-level structure of these forces is the Air and Space Expeditionary Task Force (AETF). The AETF is the Air Force presentation of forces to a CCDR for the employment of Air Power. Each CCDR is supported by a standing Component Numbered Air Force (C-NAF) to provide planning and execution of aerospace forces in support of CCDR requirements. Each C-NAF consists of a Commander, Air Force Forces (COMAFFOR) and AFFOR/A-staff, and an Air Operations Center (AOC). As needed to support multiple Joint Force Commanders (JFC) in the COCOM's Area of Responsibility (AOR), the C-NAF may deploy Air Component Coordinate Elements (ACCE) to liaise with the JFC. If the Air Force possesses the preponderance of air forces in a JFC's area of operations, the COMAFFOR will also serve as the Joint Forces Air Component Commander (JFACC). | What are "Chopped" units called in the USAF? {sep_token} What is the top level structure of these Chopped forces in the USAF? {sep_token} What does the C-NAF provide support to? {sep_token} Who does the C-NAFF coordinate with on ACEE missions? {sep_token} |
"Data on ethnic groups are important for putting into effect a number of federal statutes (i.e., enforcing bilingual election rules under the Voting Rights Act; monitoring and enforcing equal employment opportunities under the Civil Rights Act). Data on Ethnic Groups are also needed by local governments to run programs and meet legislative requirements (i.e., identifying segments of the population who may not be receiving medical services under the Public Health Act; evaluating whether financial institutions are meeting the credit needs of minority populations under the Community Reinvestment Act)." | What act has rules and regulations for bilingual election? {sep_token} What act has rules and regulations for meeting the credit needs of minority populations? {sep_token} What act has laws about equal employment opportunities for ethnic groups? {sep_token} |
"Digimon" are "Digital Monsters". According to the stories, they are inhabitants of the "DigiWorld", a manifestation of Earth's communication network. The stories tell of a group of mostly pre-teens, who accompany special Digimon born to defend their world (and ours) from various evil forces. To help them surmount the most difficult obstacles found within both realms, the Digimon have the ability to evolve (Digivolve) In this process, the Digimon change appearance and become much stronger, often changing in personality as well. The group of children who come in contact with the Digital World changes from series to series. | What is the world in which the digimon live? {sep_token} What happens to a digimon after they evolve? {sep_token} Who accompanies the digimon as they work to save their world? {sep_token} Are the children who accompany the digimon always the same? {sep_token} What is the world of the digimon called? {sep_token} Where are Digimon the inhabitants of? {sep_token} What group of kids are in charge of the Digimons? {sep_token} What is the process called when Digimon get stronger? {sep_token} |
"First of all, a samurai who dislikes battle and has not put his heart in the right place even though he has been born in the house of the warrior, should not be reckoned among one's retainers....It is forbidden to forget the great debt of kindness one owes to his master and ancestors and thereby make light of the virtues of loyalty and filial piety....It is forbidden that one should...attach little importance to his duties to his master...There is a primary need to distinguish loyalty from disloyalty and to establish rewards and punishments." | What does a samurai has his heart in the wrong place dislike? {sep_token} What debt should samurai not forget? {sep_token} What virtues should samurai not be dismissive of? {sep_token} |
"Funday Night at the Movies" was replaced in 2008 by "Essentials Jr.", a youth-oriented version of its weekly series The Essentials (originally hosted by actors Abigail Breslin and Chris O'Donnell, then by John Lithgow from 2009 to 2011, and then by Bill Hader starting with the 2011 season), which included such family-themed films as National Velvet, Captains Courageous and Yours, Mine and Ours, as well as more eclectic selections as Sherlock, Jr., The Music Box, Harvey, Mutiny on the Bounty and The Man Who Knew Too Much. | What series replaced Funday Night at the Movies? {sep_token} Along with Chris O'Donnell, who was the original host of Essentials Jr.? {sep_token} Who hosted Essentials Jr. between 2009 and 2011? {sep_token} Who began to host Essentials Jr. in 2011? {sep_token} In what year did Essentials Jr. replace Funday Night at the Movies? {sep_token} |
"Green" in modern European languages corresponds to about 520–570 nm, but many historical and non-European languages make other choices, e.g. using a term for the range of ca. 450–530 nm ("blue/green") and another for ca. 530–590 nm ("green/yellow").[citation needed] In the comparative study of color terms in the world's languages, green is only found as a separate category in languages with the fully developed range of six colors (white, black, red, green, yellow, and blue), or more rarely in systems with five colors (white, red, yellow, green, and black/blue). (See distinction of green from blue) These languages have introduced supplementary vocabulary to denote "green", but these terms are recognizable as recent adoptions that are not in origin color terms (much like the English adjective orange being in origin not a color term but the name of a fruit). Thus, the Thai word เขียว besides meaning "green" also means "rank" and "smelly" and holds other unpleasant associations. | In which language does the word for "green" also mean "rank" and "smelly"? {sep_token} In what range does the color green fall in modern European languages? {sep_token} What is the origin of the word "orange"? {sep_token} |
"Hanover" is the traditional English spelling. The German spelling (with a double n) is becoming more popular in English; recent editions of encyclopedias prefer the German spelling, and the local government uses the German spelling on English websites. The English pronunciation /ˈhænəvər/, with stress on the first syllable and a reduced second syllable, is applied to both the German and English spellings, which is different from German pronunciation [haˈnoːfɐ], with stress on the second syllable and a long second vowel. The traditional English spelling is still used in historical contexts, especially when referring to the British House of Hanover. | What does the German spelling of Hanover have that English does not? {sep_token} Which version of the spelling of Hanover does the local Government use on English websites? {sep_token} Which syllable does the English spoken version of Hanover stress? {sep_token} Which syllable does the German pronunciation of Hanover stress? {sep_token} Which spelling of Hanover is used in historical contexts? {sep_token} |
"Hellenistic" is a modern word and a 19th-century concept; the idea of a Hellenistic period did not exist in Ancient Greece. Although words related in form or meaning, e.g. Hellenist (Ancient Greek: Ἑλληνιστής, Hellēnistēs), have been attested since ancient times, it was J. G. Droysen in the mid-19th century, who in his classic work Geschichte des Hellenismus, i.e. History of Hellenism, coined the term Hellenistic to refer to and define the period when Greek culture spread in the non-Greek world after Alexander’s conquest. Following Droysen, Hellenistic and related terms, e.g. Hellenism, have been widely used in various contexts; a notable such use is in Culture and Anarchy by Matthew Arnold, where Hellenism is used in contrast with Hebraism. | Who wrote Geschichte des Hellenismus? {sep_token} What does Geschichte des Hellenismus mean? {sep_token} Who wrote Culture and Anarchy? {sep_token} What century did Hellenistic become a concept? {sep_token} In Culture and Anarchy, Hebraism is contrasted with what? {sep_token} The word "Hellenistic" was derived in what time period? {sep_token} Who coined the term "Hellenistic?" {sep_token} What was Droysen's work called that explained the era? {sep_token} Who wrote Culture and Anarchy? {sep_token} Hellenism contrasts with what other similar concept of era? {sep_token} |
"I have sometimes wondered whether a brain like von Neumann's does not indicate a species superior to that of man", said Nobel Laureate Hans Bethe of Cornell University. "It seems fair to say that if the influence of a scientist is interpreted broadly enough to include impact on fields beyond science proper, then John von Neumann was probably the most influential mathematician who ever lived," wrote Miklós Rédei in "Selected Letters." James Glimm wrote: "he is regarded as one of the giants of modern mathematics". The mathematician Jean Dieudonné called von Neumann "the last of the great mathematicians", while Peter Lax described him as possessing the "most scintillating intellect of this century". | What did Nobel Laureate Hans Bethe think of von NEumann's ability? {sep_token} What did James Glimm have to say about von Nuemann? {sep_token} What description did Peter Lax use for von Neumann? {sep_token} |
"In 1727 the to-min or 'idle people' of Cheh Kiang province (a Ningpo name still existing), the yoh-hu or 'music people' of Shanxi province, the si-min or 'small people' of Kiang Su (Jiangsu) province, and the Tanka people or 'egg-people' of Canton (to this day the boat population there), were all freed from their social disabilities, and allowed to count as free men." "Cheh Kiang" is another romanization for Zhejiang. The Duomin (Chinese: 惰民; pinyin: duò mín; Wade–Giles: to-min) are a caste of outcasts in this province. | What do 'to-min' mean? {sep_token} What does 'yoh-hu' mean? {sep_token} What does 'si-min' mean? {sep_token} What does Tanka mean? {sep_token} What is 'Keh Chiang' a romanization for? {sep_token} |
"Junior" Laemmle persuaded his father to bring Universal up to date. He bought and built theaters, converted the studio to sound production, and made several forays into high-quality production. His early efforts included the critically mauled part-talkie version of Edna Ferber's novel Show Boat (1929), the lavish musical Broadway (1929) which included Technicolor sequences; and the first all-color musical feature (for Universal), King of Jazz (1930). The more serious All Quiet on the Western Front (1930), won its year's Best Picture Oscar. | What was Carl Laemmle Jr.'s nickname? {sep_token} What movie was based on an Edna Ferber novel? {sep_token} In what year was the musical Broadway produced? {sep_token} What movie won the 1930 Academy Award for Best Picture? {sep_token} What all-color musical did Universal make in 1930? {sep_token} |
"Milliken was perhaps the greatest missed opportunity of that period," said Myron Orfield, professor of law at the University of Minnesota. "Had that gone the other way, it would have opened the door to fixing nearly all of Detroit's current problems." John Mogk, a professor of law and an expert in urban planning at Wayne State University in Detroit, says, "Everybody thinks that it was the riots [in 1967] that caused the white families to leave. Some people were leaving at that time but, really, it was after Milliken that you saw mass flight to the suburbs. If the case had gone the other way, it is likely that Detroit would not have experienced the steep decline in its tax base that has occurred since then." | What case is cited as a reason for White people leaving Detroit? {sep_token} What school does John Mogk teach at? {sep_token} At which school did Myron Orfield teach? {sep_token} |
"Near East" remained popular in diplomatic, trade and journalistic circles, but a variation soon developed among the scholars and the men of the cloth and their associates: "the Nearer East," reverting to the classical and then more scholarly distinction of "nearer" and "farther." They undoubtedly saw a need to separate the Biblical lands from the terrain of the Ottoman Empire. The Christians saw the country as the land of the Old and New Testaments, where Christianity had developed. The scholars in the field of studies that eventually became Biblical archaeology attempted to define it on the basis of archaeology. | What remained popular in diplomatic, trade and journalistic circles? {sep_token} What variation soon developed among the scholars and the men of the cloth and their associates? {sep_token} There was a need to separate what from the terrain of the Ottoman Empire? {sep_token} What did the Christians see the country as? {sep_token} How did the scholars attempt their definition? {sep_token} |
"New Labour" was first termed as an alternative branding for the Labour Party, dating from a conference slogan first used by the Labour Party in 1994, which was later seen in a draft manifesto published by the party in 1996, called New Labour, New Life For Britain. It was a continuation of the trend that had begun under the leadership of Neil Kinnock. "New Labour" as a name has no official status, but remains in common use to distinguish modernisers from those holding to more traditional positions, normally referred to as "Old Labour". | What was the other name for the Labout Party? {sep_token} When was this branding first used? {sep_token} When did Labour publish a new draft manifesto? {sep_token} What was this manifesto called? {sep_token} |
"Old Style" (OS) and "New Style" (NS) are sometimes added to dates to identify which system is used in the British Empire and other countries that did not immediately change. Because the Calendar Act of 1750 altered the start of the year, and also aligned the British calendar with the Gregorian calendar, there is some confusion as to what these terms mean. They can indicate that the start of the Julian year has been adjusted to start on 1 January (NS) even though contemporary documents use a different start of year (OS); or to indicate that a date conforms to the Julian calendar (OS), formerly in use in many countries, rather than the Gregorian calendar (NS). | What designation was added to British dates to differentiate them from countries not using the new calendar? {sep_token} When was the Calendar act enacted? {sep_token} With what did the Calendar Act align the British calendar? {sep_token} What did the use of Old Style and New Style cause? {sep_token} What law did the British make to cause the use of the Gregorian calendar? {sep_token} |
"Poultry" is a term used for any kind of domesticated bird, captive-raised for its utility, and traditionally the word has been used to refer to wildfowl (Galliformes) and waterfowl (Anseriformes). "Poultry" can be defined as domestic fowls, including chickens, turkeys, geese and ducks, raised for the production of meat or eggs and the word is also used for the flesh of these birds used as food. The Encyclopædia Britannica lists the same bird groups but also includes guinea fowl and squabs (young pigeons). In R. D. Crawford's Poultry breeding and genetics, squabs are omitted but Japanese quail and common pheasant are added to the list, the latter frequently being bred in captivity and released into the wild. In his 1848 classic book on poultry, Ornamental and Domestic Poultry: Their History, and Management, Edmund Dixon included chapters on the peafowl, guinea fowl, mute swan, turkey, various types of geese, the muscovy duck, other ducks and all types of chickens including bantams. In colloquial speech, the term "fowl" is often used near-synonymously with "domesticated chicken" (Gallus gallus), or with "poultry" or even just "bird", and many languages do not distinguish between "poultry" and "fowl". Both words are also used for the flesh of these birds. Poultry can be distinguished from "game", defined as wild birds or mammals hunted for food or sport, a word also used to describe the flesh of these when eaten. | What two addtional types of birds are listed in teh Encyclopedia Britanica as poultry? {sep_token} Who is the authoor of the book Poultry Breeding and Genetics? {sep_token} What is the most likely outout for the common variety of pheasant ? {sep_token} Edmund Dixon is most famous for what inclusions in his 1854 book on poultry ? {sep_token} Do all language make the distinction between poultry and fowls? {sep_token} |
"Race" is still sometimes used within forensic anthropology (when analyzing skeletal remains), biomedical research, and race-based medicine. Brace has criticized this, the practice of forensic anthropologists for using the controversial concept "race" out of convention when they in fact should be talking about regional ancestry. He argues that while forensic anthropologists can determine that a skeletal remain comes from a person with ancestors in a specific region of Africa, categorizing that skeletal as being "black" is a socially constructed category that is only meaningful in the particular context of the United States, and which is not itself scientifically valid. | What type of anthropology is "race" sometimes still used within? {sep_token} What term would Brace prefer forensic anthropologists use? {sep_token} What can forensic anthropologists determine about the ancestors of someone from their skeletal remains? {sep_token} What does Brace feel the term "black" in meaningful in? {sep_token} Why is it bad that a category is merely socially constructed? {sep_token} |
"So he carried me away in the spirit into the wilderness: and I saw a woman sit upon a scarlet coloured beast, full of names of blasphemy, having seven heads and ten horns. "And the woman was arrayed in purple and scarlet colour, and decked with gold and precious stones and pearls, having a golden cup in her hand full of abominations and filthiness of her fornication: "And upon her forehead was a name written a mystery: Babylon the Great, the Mother of Harlots and of all the abominations of the earth: And I saw the woman drunken with the blood of the saints, and with the blood of the martyrs of Jesus. | How many heads did the scarlet beast which a woman sat on have? {sep_token} The horned scarlet beast that a woman sat on had how many horns? {sep_token} What kind of cup did the woman on the scarlet horned beast have? {sep_token} What was on the forehead of the woman on the scarlet horned beast? {sep_token} Outside of the blood of the saints, on what did the woman on the scarlet horned beast become drunken? {sep_token} |
"Superstorm Sandy" struck Atlantic City on October 29, 2012, causing flooding and power-outages but left minimal damage to any of the tourist areas including the Boardwalk and casino resorts, despite widespread belief that the city's boardwalk had been destroyed. The source of the misinformation was a widely circulated photograph of a damaged section of the Boardwalk that was slated for repairs, prior to the storm, and incorrect news reports at the time of the disaster. The storm produced an all-time record low barometric pressure reading of 943 mb (27.85") for not only Atlantic City, but the state of New Jersey. | When did "Superstorm Sandy" strike Atlantic City? {sep_token} "Superstorm Sandy" produced an all-time record low barometric pressure reading of what? {sep_token} Although "Superstorm Sandy" left minimal damage to any of the tourist areas it did cause what two other things to occur? {sep_token} What was the source of the misinformation concerning damage to the city's boardwalk? {sep_token} Why was there a photo of the Boardwalk if it wasn't actually damaged in the storm? {sep_token} |
"The first Ottoman Medrese was created in İznik in 1331 and most Ottoman medreses followed the traditions of Sunni Islam." "When an Ottoman sultan established a new medrese, he would invite scholars from the Islamic world—for example, Murad II brought scholars from Persia, such as ʻAlāʼ al-Dīn and Fakhr al-Dīn who helped enhance the reputation of the Ottoman medrese". This reveals that the Islamic world was interconnected in the early modern period as they travelled around to other Islamic states exchanging knowledge. This sense that the Ottoman Empire was becoming modernised through globalization is also recognised by Hamadeh who says: "Change in the eighteenth century as the beginning of a long and unilinear march toward westernisation reflects the two centuries of reformation in sovereign identity." İnalcık also mentions that while scholars from for example Persia travelled to the Ottomans in order to share their knowledge, Ottomans travelled as well to receive education from scholars of these Islamic lands, such as Egypt, Persia and Turkestan. Hence, this reveals that similar to today's modern world, individuals from the early modern society travelled abroad to receive education and share knowledge and that the world was more interconnected than it seems. Also, it reveals how the system of "schooling" was also similar to today's modern world where students travel abroad to different countries for studies. Examples of Ottoman madaris are the ones built by Mehmed the Conqueror. He built eight madaris that were built "on either side of the mosque where there were eight higher madaris for specialised studies and eight lower medreses, which prepared students for these." The fact that they were built around, or near mosques reveals the religious impulses behind madrasa building and it reveals the interconnectedness between institutions of learning and religion. The students who completed their education in the lower medreses became known as danismends. This reveals that similar to the education system today, the Ottomans' educational system involved different kinds of schools attached to different kinds of levels. For example, there were lower madaris and specialised ones, and for one to get into the specialised area meant that he had to complete the classes in the lower one in order to adequately prepare himself for higher learning. | Who traveled abroad to get an education at madaris? {sep_token} How many madaris were started by Mehmed the Conqueror? {sep_token} How would a student matriculate to the next level of schooling in the Ottoman Empire? {sep_token} Where were Ottoman madaris built? {sep_token} When was the first Ottoman madrasa built? {sep_token} |
"The mind-stuff of the world is, of course, something more general than our individual conscious minds.... The mind-stuff is not spread in space and time; these are part of the cyclic scheme ultimately derived out of it.... It is necessary to keep reminding ourselves that all knowledge of our environment from which the world of physics is constructed, has entered in the form of messages transmitted along the nerves to the seat of consciousness.... Consciousness is not sharply defined, but fades into subconsciousness; and beyond that we must postulate something indefinite but yet continuous with our mental nature.... It is difficult for the matter-of-fact physicist to accept the view that the substratum of everything is of mental character. But no one can deny that mind is the first and most direct thing in our experience, and all else is remote inference." | How do receive information from the physical world? {sep_token} What type of consciousness is similar but not identical to consciousness itself? {sep_token} What is the nature of the fundamental character of reality? {sep_token} According to the author, who would have particular trouble in accepting that reality is fundamentally mental? {sep_token} What is the main thing that we experience? {sep_token} |
"The most widespread form of interspecies bonding occurs between humans and dogs" and the keeping of dogs as companions, particularly by elites, has a long history. (As a possible example, at the Natufian culture site of Ain Mallaha in Israel, dated to 12,000 BC, the remains of an elderly human and a four-to-five-month-old puppy were found buried together). However, pet dog populations grew significantly after World War II as suburbanization increased. In the 1950s and 1960s, dogs were kept outside more often than they tend to be today (using the expression "in the doghouse" to describe exclusion from the group signifies the distance between the doghouse and the home) and were still primarily functional, acting as a guard, children's playmate, or walking companion. From the 1980s, there have been changes in the role of the pet dog, such as the increased role of dogs in the emotional support of their human guardians. People and dogs have become increasingly integrated and implicated in each other's lives, to the point where pet dogs actively shape the way a family and home are experienced. | A grave from 12,000 BC was found to contain an older person and what else? {sep_token} What two species have the most widespread bonding? {sep_token} When did more people begin to keep dogs as pets? {sep_token} What decade showed a change in the way people kept dogs as pets? {sep_token} In the 1950s and 1960s most dogs where kept where? {sep_token} Historically, who in particular had dogs as companions? {sep_token} Dogs were kept where in the 1950s and 1960s as compared to today? {sep_token} When did the role of dogs change to be more than guardians or walking companions? {sep_token} |
"We used a technique of laying our program out in general debate," he said. When we got to the amendment phase, we would offer our program as a substitute for the Johnson proposal. If we lost in the Committee of the Whole, then we would usually offer it as a motion to recommit and get a vote on that. And if we lost on the motion to recommit, our Republican members had a choice: They could vote against the Johnson program and say we did our best to come up with a better alternative. Or they could vote for it and make the same argument. Usually we lost; but when you're only 140 out of 435, you don't expect to win many. | What options do minority party have in amendment phase? {sep_token} If minority party loses committ of the whole, then what motion may be filed? {sep_token} If recommit fails, then what choice needs to be made by minority representatives? {sep_token} |
"Whereas their Majesties have been Graciously Pleased to grant Letters patent to John Lofting of London Merchant for a New Invented Engine for Extinguishing Fires which said Engine have found every great encouragement. The said Patentee hath also projected a Very Useful Engine for starting of beer and other liquors which will deliver from 20 to 30 barrels an hour which are completely fixed with Brass Joints and Screws at Reasonable Rates. Any Person that hath occasion for the said Engines may apply themselves to the Patentee at his house near St Thomas Apostle London or to Mr. Nicholas Wall at the Workshoppe near Saddlers Wells at Islington or to Mr. William Tillcar, Turner, his agent at his house in Woodtree next door to the Sun Tavern London." | How many barrels did Lofting promise his beer pump would deliver hourly? {sep_token} What location did John Lofting live near? {sep_token} In what London borough did Nicholas Wall reside? {sep_token} What was William Tillcar's profession? {sep_token} What tavern did William Tillcar live adjacent to? {sep_token} |
(The Ms 6.1 earthquake on August 30, 2008 in southern Sichuan was not part of this series because it was caused by a different fault. See 2008 Panzhihua earthquake for details.) | When did this earthquake occur? {sep_token} Where did this earthquake occur? {sep_token} Why was it not included in the series? {sep_token} Where should you look for more details? {sep_token} Where was the August 30, 2008 quake? {sep_token} What was the magnitude of the southern Sichuan quake? {sep_token} What earthquake happened in southern Sichuan? {sep_token} |
(デジモン Dejimon, branded as Digimon: Digital Monsters, stylized as DIGIMON), short for "Digital Monsters" (デジタルモンスター Dejitaru Monsutā), is a Japanese media franchise encompassing virtual pet toys, anime, manga, video games, films and a trading card game. The franchise focuses on Digimon creatures, which are monsters living in a "Digital World", a parallel universe that originated from Earth's various communication networks. In many incarnations, Digimon are raised by humans called "Digidestined" or "Tamers", and they team up to defeat evil Digimon and human villains who are trying to destroy the fabric of the Digital world. | What does Digimon stand for? {sep_token} What forms of entertainment does the Digimon franchise include? {sep_token} What is the Digital World in which the Digimon creatures live? {sep_token} What are the people who raise Digimon called? {sep_token} What are the Digimon villians main goals? {sep_token} |
1 CATOBAR carrier: Charles de Gaulle is a 42,000 tonne nuclear-powered aircraft carrier, commissioned in 2001 and is the flagship of the French Navy (Marine Nationale). The ship carries a complement of Dassault-Breguet Super Étendard, Dassault Rafale M and E‑2C Hawkeye aircraft, EC725 Caracal and AS532 Cougar helicopters for combat search and rescue, as well as modern electronics and Aster missiles. It is a CATOBAR-type carrier that uses two 75 m C13‑3 steam catapults of a shorter version of the catapult system installed on the U.S. Nimitz-class carriers, one catapult at the bow and one across the front of the landing area. | What is the name of the 42,000 tonne nuclear-powered carrier commissioned in 2001? {sep_token} What is the Charles de Gaulle the flagship of? {sep_token} What type of missiles does the Charles de Gaulle carry? {sep_token} What is another name for the French Navy? {sep_token} What type of carrier is the Charles de Gaulle? {sep_token} |
1 STOBAR carrier: Admiral Flota Sovetskovo Soyuza Kuznetsov: 55,000 tonne Admiral Kuznetsov-class STOBAR aircraft carrier. Launched in 1985 as Tbilisi, renamed and operational from 1995. Without catapults she can launch and recover lightly fueled naval fighters for air defense or anti-ship missions but not heavy conventional bombing strikes.[citation needed] Officially designated an aircraft carrying cruiser, she is unique in carrying a heavy cruiser's complement of defensive weapons and large P-700 Granit offensive missiles. The P-700 systems will be removed in the coming refit to enlarge her below decks aviation facilities as well as upgrading her defensive systems. | What type of carrier is Admiral Flota Sovetskovo Soyuza Kuznetsov? {sep_token} When was Admiral Flota Sovetskovo Soyuza Kuznetsov first launched? {sep_token} What was Admiral Flota Sovetskovo Soyuza Kuznetsov renamed? {sep_token} What is unique about Tbilisi? {sep_token} What will be removed from Tbilisi in order to enlarge her below decks aviation facilities? {sep_token} |
1,500 V DC is used in the Netherlands, Japan, Republic Of Indonesia, Hong Kong (parts), Republic of Ireland, Australia (parts), India (around the Mumbai area alone, has been converted to 25 kV AC like the rest of India), France (also using 25 kV 50 Hz AC), New Zealand (Wellington) and the United States (Chicago area on the Metra Electric district and the South Shore Line interurban line). In Slovakia, there are two narrow-gauge lines in the High Tatras (one a cog railway). In Portugal, it is used in the Cascais Line and in Denmark on the suburban S-train system. | What is most common voltage for DC supply? {sep_token} How many narrow-gauge lines in Slovakia? {sep_token} What railway line is DC being used in Portugal? {sep_token} Where in India line has been converted to AC? {sep_token} |
10th Street (40°44′03″N 74°00′11″W / 40.7342580°N 74.0029670°W / 40.7342580; -74.0029670) begins at the FDR Drive and Avenue C. West of Sixth Avenue, it turns southward about 40 degrees to join the Greenwich Village street grid and continue to West Street on the Hudson River. Because West 4th Street turns northward at Sixth Avenue, it intersects 10th, 11th and 12th and 13th Streets in the West Village. The M8 bus operates on 10th Street in both directions between Avenue D and Avenue A, and eastbound between West Street and Sixth Avenue. 10th Street has an eastbound bike lane from West Street to the East River. In 2009, the two-way section of 10th Street between Avenue A and the East River had bicycle markings and sharrows installed, but it still has no dedicated bike lane. West 10th Street was previously named Amos Street for Richard Amos. The end of West 10th Street toward the Hudson River was once the home of Newgate Prison, New York City's first prison and the United States' second. | Which bus operates on 10th Street between Avenues D and A and between West Street and Sixth Ave? {sep_token} Does the two-way section of 10th Street have a dedicated bike lane? {sep_token} The end of what road was once home to Newgate Prison? {sep_token} Which prison was New York City's first? {sep_token} What was the name of the United States' second prison? {sep_token} |
112th Street starts in Morningside Heights and runs from Riverside Drive to Amsterdam Avenue, where it meets the steps of the Cathedral of Saint John the Divine. The street resumes at the eastern edge of Morningside Park and extends through Harlem before ending at First Avenue adjacent Thomas Jefferson Park in East Harlem. Notable locations include: | Where does 112th Street start? {sep_token} Which street runs from Riverside Drive to Amsterdam Avenue? {sep_token} Which road meets the steps of the Cathedral of Saint John the Divine? {sep_token} |
114th Street marks the southern boundary of Columbia University’s Morningside Heights Campus and is the location of Butler Library, which is the University’s largest. | Which library is Columbia University's largest? {sep_token} 114th Street marks the southern boundary of which university's Morningside Heights Campus? {sep_token} 114th Street runs along which boundary of Columbia University's Morningside Heights Campus? {sep_token} |
11th Street is in two parts. It is interrupted by the block containing Grace Church between Broadway and Fourth Avenue. East 11th streets runs from Fourth Avenue to Avenue C and runs past Webster Hall. West 11th Street runs from Broadway to West Street. 11th Street and 6th Avenue was the location of the Old Grapevine tavern from the 1700s to its demolition in the early 20th century. | Which street runs from Broadway to West Street? {sep_token} When was the Old Grapevine tavern demolished? {sep_token} 11th Street and 6th Avenue was the home of what tavern from the 1700s? {sep_token} What church interuppts 11th Street between Broadway and Fourth Avenue? {sep_token} |
122nd Street is mentioned in the movie Taxi Driver by main character Travis Bickle as the location where a fellow cab driver is assaulted with a knife. The street and the surrounding neighborhood of Harlem is then referred to as "Mau Mau Land" by another character named Wizard, slang indicating it is a majority black area. | Who is the main character in Taxi Driver? {sep_token} What street is mentioned in the movie Taxi Driver as the location where a cab driver is assaulted? {sep_token} Which character in Taxi Driver deemed 122nd Street as "Mau Mau Land"? {sep_token} What is the term given to 122nd Street by Wizard in Taxi Driver indicating the area is majority black? {sep_token} Which neighborhood surrounds 122nd Street? {sep_token} |
13th Street is in three parts. The first is a dead end from Avenue C. The second starts at a dead end, just before Avenue B, and runs to Greenwich Avenue, and the third part is from Eighth Avenue to Tenth Avenue. | 13th Street is divided into how many parts? {sep_token} The first part of 13th Street is a dead end from which Avenue? {sep_token} Where does the second part of 13th Street end? {sep_token} Which street has its third section between Eighth Avenue and Tenth Avenue? {sep_token} |
14% of the population speaks the official language Portuguese, the language of government and national communication during centuries of colonial rule. 44% speak Kriol, a Portuguese-based creole language, which is effectively a national language of communication among groups. The remainder speak a variety of native African languages unique to ethnicities. | What percentage of the population speaks Kriol? {sep_token} What is the official language of Guinea-Bissau? {sep_token} How long was Guinea-Bissau under colonial rule? {sep_token} What type of language is Kriol? {sep_token} |
14th Street is a main numbered street in Manhattan. It begins at Avenue C and ends at West Street. Its length is 3.4 km (2.1 mi). It has six subway stations: | Where does 14th Street begin? {sep_token} Where does 14th Street end? {sep_token} How many subway stations are on 14th Street? {sep_token} What is the length of 14th Street in miles? {sep_token} |
155th Street is a major crosstown street considered to form the boundary between Harlem and Washington Heights. It is the northernmost of the 155 crosstown streets mapped out in the Commissioner's Plan of 1811 that established the numbered street grid in Manhattan. | How many crosstown streets are mapped in the Commissioner's Plan of 1811? {sep_token} Which street is the northernmost of the streets mapped in the Commissioner's Plan of 1811? {sep_token} Which street forms the boundary between Harlem and Washington Heights? {sep_token} What document established Manhattan's numbered street grid? {sep_token} 155th Street forms the boundary between Harlem and what other neighborhood? {sep_token} |
155th Street starts on the West Side at Riverside Drive, crossing Broadway, Amsterdam Avenue and St. Nicholas Avenue. At St. Nicholas Place, the terrain drops off steeply, and 155th Street is carried on a 1,600-foot (490 m) long viaduct, a City Landmark constructed in 1893, that slopes down towards the Harlem River, continuing onto the Macombs Dam Bridge, crossing over (but not intersecting with) the Harlem River Drive. A separate, unconnected section of 155th Street runs under the viaduct, connecting Bradhurst Avenue and the Harlem River Drive. | Where does 155th Street start? {sep_token} 155th Street crosses Broadway, Amsterdam Avenue, and what other Avenue? {sep_token} How many meters long is the viaduct on which 155th Street travels? {sep_token} In what year was the viaduct along 155th Street constructed? {sep_token} A section of 155th Street connects Harlem River Drive and what Avenue? {sep_token} |
15th Street starts at FDR Drive, and 16th Street starts at a dead end half way between FDR Drive and Avenue C. They are both stopped at Avenue C and continue from First Avenue to West Street, stopped again at Union Square, and 16th Street also pauses at Stuyvesant Square. | Where does 15th Street start? {sep_token} Which road starts at a dead end half way between FDR Drive and Avenue C? {sep_token} 16th Street pauses at which Square? {sep_token} Which Square stops both 15th and 16th Streets? {sep_token} |
1762 brought two new countries into the war. Britain declared war against Spain on 4 January 1762; Spain reacted by issuing their own declaration of war against Britain on 18 January. Portugal followed by joining the war on Britain's side. Spain, aided by the French, launched an invasion of Portugal and succeeded in capturing Almeida. The arrival of British reinforcements stalled a further Spanish advance, and the Battle of Valencia de Alcántara saw British-Portuguese forces overrun a major Spanish supply base. The invaders were stopped on the heights in front of Abrantes (called the pass to Lisbon) where the Anglo-Portuguese were entrenched. Eventually the Anglo-Portuguese army, aided by guerrillas and practicing a scorched earth strategy, chased the greatly reduced Franco-Spanish army back to Spain, recovering almost all the lost towns, among them the Spanish headquarters in Castelo Branco full of wounded and sick that had been left behind. | Identify a new country that joined the war in 1762? {sep_token} Identify a second new country that joined the war in 1762? {sep_token} What city was captured in the first Spain-Portugal conflict? {sep_token} Was Portugal on the side of France or Britain? {sep_token} Britain sent troops to aid Portugal. What was the result? {sep_token} |
181st Street is a major thoroughfare running through the Washington Heights neighborhood. It runs from the Washington Bridge in the east, to the Henry Hudson Parkway in the west, near the George Washington Bridge and the Hudson River. The west end is called Plaza Lafayette. | 181st Street runs through what neighborhood? {sep_token} What is the west end of 181st Street called? {sep_token} Does Plaza Lafayette refer to the east or west end of 181st Street? {sep_token} Which river does 181st Street run near? {sep_token} Which road runs from the Washington Bridge to the Henry Hudson Parkway? {sep_token} |
181st Street is served by two New York City Subway lines; there is a 181st Street station at Fort Washington Avenue on the IND Eighth Avenue Line (A trains) and a 181st Street station at St. Nicholas Avenue on the IRT Broadway – Seventh Avenue Line (1 trains). The stations are about 500 metres (550 yd) from each other and are not connected. The George Washington Bridge Bus Terminal is a couple of blocks south on Fort Washington Avenue. 181st Street is also the last south/west exit in New York on the Trans-Manhattan Expressway (I-95), just before crossing the George Washington Bridge to New Jersey. | How many subway lines serve 181st Street? {sep_token} How many metres apart are 181st Street's two subway stations? {sep_token} On what avenue is the George Wasington Bridge Bus Terminal? {sep_token} Which road is the Trans-Manhattan Expressway's last south/west exit? {sep_token} |
1853: There were four main events. 1. In the north the Turks captured the border fort of Saint Nicholas in a surprise night attack (27/28 October). They then pushed about 20000 troops across the Cholok River border. Being outnumbered the Russians abandoned Poti and Redut Kale and drew back to Marani. Both sides remained immobile for the next seven months. 2. In the center the Turks moved north from Ardahan to within cannon-shot of Akhaltsike and awaited reinforcements (13 November). The Russians routed them. The claimed losses were 4000 Turks and 400 Russians. 3. In the south about 30000 Turks slowly moved east to the main Russian concentration at Gyumri or Alexandropol (November). They crossed the border and set up artillery south of town. Prince Orbeliani tried to drive them off and found himself trapped. The Turks failed to press their advantage, the remaining Russians rescued Orbeliani and the Turks retired west. Orbeliani lost about 1000 men out of 5000. The Russians now decided to advance, the Turks took up a strong position on the Kars road and attacked. They were defeated in the battle of Başgedikler, losing 6000 men, half their artillery and all their supply train. The Russians lost 1300, including Prince Orbeliani. This was Prince Ellico Orbeliani whose wife was later kidnaped by Shamyl at Tsinandali. 4. At sea the Turks sent a fleet east which was destroyed by Admiral Nakhimov at Sinope. | Who captured the border front of Saint Nicholas during a night attack? {sep_token} How many troops did the Turks have when crossing the Cholok River? {sep_token} After giving up their position at Poti and Redut Kale, where did the Russians retreat to? {sep_token} How many troops did the Turks send to Gyumri? {sep_token} What were the Turks waiting for when positioned near Akhaltsike? {sep_token} |
1855: Georgian coast: Omar Pasha, the Turkish commander at Crimea had long wanted to land in Georgia, but the western powers vetoed it. When they relented in August most of the campaigning season was lost. In September 8000 Turks landed at Batum, but the main concentration was at Sukhum Kale. This required a 100-mile march south through a country with poor roads. The Russians planned to hold the line of the Ingur River which separates Abkhazia from Georgia proper. Omar crossed the Ingur on 7 November and then wasted a great deal of time, the Russians doing little. By 2 December he had reached the Tskhenis-dzqali, the rainy season had started, his camps were submerged in mud and there was no bread. Learning of the fall of Kars he withdrew to the Ingur. The Russians did nothing and he evacuated to Batum in February of the following year. | Who vetoed Omar Pasha from landing in Georgia? {sep_token} In September of 1855, how many Turks could be found at Batum? {sep_token} When landing at Batum, what were the Turks primary focus? {sep_token} What river divides Abkhazia from Georgia? {sep_token} What did Omar Pasha finally reach on December 2nd 1855? {sep_token} |
1855:Kars: In the year up to May 1855 Turkish forces in the east were reduced from 120,000 to 75,000, mostly by disease. The local Armenian population kept Muravyev well-informed about the Turks at Kars and he judged they had about five months of supplies. He therefore decided to control the surrounding area with cavalry and starve them out. He started in May and by June was south and west of the town. A relieving force fell back and there was a possibility of taking Erzerum, but Muravyev chose not to. In late September he learned of the fall of Sevastopol and a Turkish landing at Batum. This led him to reverse policy and try a direct attack. It failed, the Russians losing 8000 men and the Turks 1500 (29 September). The blockade continued and Kars surrendered on 8 November. | What caused the number of Turkish soldiers to decrease? {sep_token} How man troops were the Turks forces in the east reduced to? {sep_token} Who kept Muravyev informed about the Turks at Kar? {sep_token} What did Muravyev attend to do to the Turks in order to defeat them? {sep_token} What city did Muravyev decide not to take control over? {sep_token} |
187th Street crosses Washington Heights and running from Laurel Hill Terrace in the east to Chittenden Avenue in the west near the George Washington Bridge and Hudson River. The street is interrupted by a long set of stairs east of Fort Washington Avenue leading to the Broadway valley. West of there, it is mostly lined with store fronts and serves as a main shopping district for the Hudson Heights neighborhood. | 187th Street runs from Laurel Hill Terrace in the east to which avenue in the west? {sep_token} What is 187th Street interrupted by? {sep_token} Where do the stairs interrupting 187th street lead to? {sep_token} An area of 187th Street serves as the main shopping district for which neighborhood? {sep_token} |
187th Street intersects with, from East to West, Laurel Hill Terrace, Amsterdam Avenue, Audubon Avenue, St. Nicholas Avenue, Wadsworth Avenue, Broadway, Bennett Avenue, Overlook Terrace, Fort Washington Avenue, Pinehurst Avenue, Cabrini Boulevard and Chittenden Avenue. | Which is the eastmost intersection that 187th Street has? {sep_token} Which is the westernmost intersection that 187th Street has? {sep_token} Wadsworth Avenue is intersected by what street? {sep_token} |
18th Street has a local subway station at the crossing with Seventh Avenue, served by the 1 2 trains on the IRT Broadway – Seventh Avenue Line. There used to be an 18th Street station on the IRT Lexington Avenue Line at the crossing with Park Avenue South. | What is at the crossing of 18th Street and Seventh Avenue? {sep_token} Which train line do the 1 2 trains serve? {sep_token} Which train line used to have an 18th Street Station at the crossing with Park Avenue South? {sep_token} |
18th century governors tried to tackle the island's problems by implementing tree plantation, improving fortifications, eliminating corruption, building a hospital, tackling the neglect of crops and livestock, controlling the consumption of alcohol and introducing legal reforms. From about 1770, the island enjoyed a lengthy period of prosperity. Captain James Cook visited the island in 1775 on the final leg of his second circumnavigation of the world. St. James' Church was erected in Jamestown in 1774 and in 1791–92 Plantation House was built, and has since been the official residence of the Governor. | When did the Island start to experience a period of prosperity? {sep_token} What captain visited the island in 1775 on their trip around the world? {sep_token} What church was erected in Jamestown in 1774? {sep_token} What is the official residence of the governor? {sep_token} |
19 Recordings, a recording label owned by 19 Entertainment, currently hold the rights to phonographic material recorded by all the contestants. 19 originally partnered with Bertelsmann Music Group (BMG) to promote and distribute the recordings through its labels RCA Records, Arista Records, J Records, Jive Records. In 2005-2007, BMG partnered with Sony Music Entertainment to form a joint venture known as Sony BMG Music Entertainment. From 2008-2010, Sony Music handled the distribution following their acquisition of BMG. Sony Music was partnered with American Idol and distribute its music, and In 2010, Sony was replaced by as the music label for American Idol by UMG's Interscope-Geffen-A&M Records. | What company has the right to all recordings from contestants on American Idol? {sep_token} What company took over as American Idols music label in 2010? {sep_token} What company had released music from American Idol in addition to Sony Music Entertainment? {sep_token} Who owns 19 Recordings? {sep_token} Who owns the rights to all phonographic material done by the contestants? {sep_token} Who did 19 initially partner with to distribute the recordings? {sep_token} Who did BMG partner with in 2005-2007? {sep_token} Who replaced Sony in 2010 as Idol's music label? {sep_token} |
2010s saw multiple new sounds in house music developed by numerous DJs. Sweden knew a prominence of snare-less "Swedish progressive house" with the emergence of Sebastian Ingrosso, Axwell, Steve Angello (These three formed a trio called Swedish House Mafia), Avicii, Alesso, etc. Netherlands brought together a concept of "Dirty Dutch", electro house subgenre characterized by very abrasive leads and darker arpeggios, with prominent DJs Chuckie, Hardwell, Laidback Luke, Afrojack, R3hab, Bingo Players, Quintino, Alvaro, Cedric Gervais, 2G, etc. Elsewhere, fusion genres derivative of 2000s progressive house returned to prominence, especially with the help of DJs Calvin Harris, Eric Prydz, Mat Zo, Above & Beyond and Fonzerelli in Europe, Deadmau5, Kaskade, Steve Aoki, Porter Robinson and Wolfgang Gartner in the US and Canada. The growing popularity of such artists led to the emergence of electro house and progressive house blended sounds in popular music, such as singles Lady Gaga's "Marry the Night", The Black Eyed Peas' "The Best One Yet (The Boy)" and the will.i.am and Britney Spears "Scream & Shout". Big room house found increasing popularity since 2010, particularly through international dance music festivals such as Tomorrowland, Ultra Music Festival, and Electric Daisy Carnival. | What was different about swedish progressive house music? {sep_token} Sebastian Ingrosso, Axwell, and Steve Angello formed what successful trio? {sep_token} What concept is characterized by abrasive leads and darker arpeggios? {sep_token} Progressive house blended sounds were prominent in the song "Marry the Night" by what popular artist? {sep_token} Big room house has found increasing popularity since what year? {sep_token} |
20th Street starts at Avenue C, and 21st and 22nd Streets begin at First Avenue. They all end at Eleventh Avenue. Travel on the last block of the 20th, 21st and 22nd Streets, between Tenth and Eleventh Avenues, is in the opposite direction than it is on the rest of the respective street. 20th Street is very wide from the Avenue C to First Avenue. | Where does 10th Street start? {sep_token} At which Avenue do 21st and 22nd Streets begin? {sep_token} What is different about 20th Street between Avenue C and First Avenue? {sep_token} Which street is much wider from Avenue C to First Avenue? {sep_token} How does traffic travel on the last block of the 20th, 21st, and 22nd Streets? {sep_token} |
20th century developments in plant biochemistry have been driven by modern techniques of organic chemical analysis, such as spectroscopy, chromatography and electrophoresis. With the rise of the related molecular-scale biological approaches of molecular biology, genomics, proteomics and metabolomics, the relationship between the plant genome and most aspects of the biochemistry, physiology, morphology and behaviour of plants can be subjected to detailed experimental analysis. The concept originally stated by Gottlieb Haberlandt in 1902 that all plant cells are totipotent and can be grown in vitro ultimately enabled the use of genetic engineering experimentally to knock out a gene or genes responsible for a specific trait, or to add genes such as GFP that report when a gene of interest is being expressed. These technologies enable the biotechnological use of whole plants or plant cell cultures grown in bioreactors to synthesise pesticides, antibiotics or other pharmaceuticals, as well as the practical application of genetically modified crops designed for traits such as improved yield. | What enables scientists to better study plants now? {sep_token} What opened the door to plant genetic engineering? {sep_token} Who introduced the idea that cells could be grown in vitro? {sep_token} |
220th Street is the highest numbered street on Manhattan Island. Marble Hill is also within the borough of Manhattan, so the highest street number in the borough is 228th Street. However, the numbering continues in the Bronx up to 263rd Street. The lowest number is East First Street—which runs in Alphabet City near East Houston Street—as well as First Place in Battery Park City. | What is the highest numbered street on Manhattan Island? {sep_token} What is the highest street number within the borough of Manhattan? {sep_token} What is the highest street number in the Bronx? {sep_token} Where is First Place located? {sep_token} Where is East First Street located? {sep_token} |
23-year-old Candice Glover won the season with Kree Harrison taking the runner-up spot. Glover is the first female to win American Idol since Jordin Sparks. Glover released "I Am Beautiful" as a single while Harrison released "All Cried Out" immediately after the show. Glover sold poorly with her debut album, and this is also the first season that the runner-up was not signed by a music label. | Who was the winner of American Idols twelfth season? {sep_token} Which contestant came in second on season 12 of American Idol? {sep_token} What was the first song released by Candice Glover after winning American Idol? {sep_token} What song did Kree Harrison first release after being on American Idol? {sep_token} Who won this season of Idol? {sep_token} Who was the runner up? {sep_token} What was Glover's first single? {sep_token} What was Harrison's first single? {sep_token} This is the first season when what did not happen to the first runner up? {sep_token} |
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The SQuAD QG Dataset
Description
Stanford Question Answering Dataset (SQuAD) is a reading comprehension dataset, consisting of questions posed by crowdworkers on a set of Wikipedia articles, where the answer to every question is a segment of text, or span, from the corresponding reading passage, or the question might be unanswerable.
This modified version is aimed at question generation; each entry only contains contexts and questions concatenated to a single string related to the specific context.
The SQuAD unites SQuAD 1.1 and 2.0 in two subsets each containing a train and validation split.
Dataset Structure
Data Instances
An example entry looks as follows:
{
context: "This is a test context",
questions: ["Is this a test?", "Is this a test context?"]
}
Data Fields
The dataset has the following fields:
- context: a string feature
- questions: a string feature
NB: The data fields are the same among all splits.
Data Splits
| name | train | validation |
|---|---|---|
| v1 | 18891 | 2067 |
| v2 | 18877 | 1204 |
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