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23rd Street is another main numbered street in Manhattan. It begins at FDR Drive and ends at Eleventh Avenue. Its length is 3.1 km/1.9m. It has two-way travel. On 23rd Street there are five local subway stations:

Where does 23rd Street begin? {sep_token} Where does 23rd Street end? {sep_token} What is the length of 23rd Street in kilometers? {sep_token} Does traffic move in one or two ways on 23rd Street? {sep_token} How many local subway stations are on 23rd Street? {sep_token}

24th Street is in two parts. 24th Street starts at First Avenue and it ends at Madison Avenue, because of Madison Square Park. 25th Street, which is in three parts, starts at FDR Drive, is a pedestrian plaza between Third Avenue and Lexington Avenue, and ends at Madison. Then West 24th and 25th Streets continue from Fifth Avenue to Eleventh Avenue (25th) or Twelfth Avenue (24th).

Which street is a pedestrian plaza between Third Avenue and Lexington Avenue? {sep_token} Where does 24th street start? {sep_token} Which park is at the end of 24th Street and Madison Avenue? {sep_token} Where does 25th Street end? {sep_token} After being interrupted, where do 24th and 25th Streets continue from? {sep_token}

26 March 1991 is the day that marks the clash between military soldiers and peaceful demonstrating students which climaxed in the massacre of dozens under the orders of then President Moussa Traoré. He and three associates were later tried and convicted and received the death sentence for their part in the decision-making of that day. Nowadays, the day is a national holiday in order to remember the tragic events and the people that were killed.[unreliable source?] The coup is remembered as Mali's March Revolution of 1991.

Who was president during the March protests? {sep_token} How many people aside from the president received a death sentence? {sep_token} What day is now a National holiday in connection to Moussa Traoré? {sep_token} All four men were convicted and received what as punishment? {sep_token} Those that received the death sentence had gotten it for their role in what? {sep_token}

27th Street is a one-way street runs from Second Avenue to the West Side Highway with an interruption between Eighth Avenue and Tenth Avenue. It is most noted for its strip between Tenth and Eleventh Avenues, known as Club Row because it features numerous nightclubs and lounges.

Which street does Club Row occur on? {sep_token} Which strip is known for its numerous nightclubs and lounges? {sep_token} What is the strip of 27th Street between Tenth and Eleventh Avenues known as? {sep_token} Does traffuc on 27th Street run one-way or two-ways? {sep_token} Where does 27th Street start? {sep_token}

3 kV DC is used in Belgium, Italy, Spain, Poland, the northern Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Chile, and former Soviet Union countries (also using 25 kV 50 Hz AC). It was formerly used by the Milwaukee Road from Harlowton, Montana to Seattle-Tacoma, across the Continental Divide and including extensive branch and loop lines in Montana, and by the Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad (now New Jersey Transit, converted to 25 kV AC) in the United States, and the Kolkata suburban railway (Bardhaman Main Line) in India, before it was converted to 25 kV 50 Hz AC.

What voltage is being used in railway system of South Africa and Chile? {sep_token} Besides using 3kV DC what other power type is used in the former Soviet Union countries? {sep_token} What was New Jersey Transit called before? {sep_token} What does the railway system of US use DC or AC? {sep_token}

31st Street begins on the West Side at the West Side Yard, while 32nd Street, which includes a segment officially known as Korea Way between Fifth Avenue and Broadway in Manhattan's Koreatown, begins at the entrance to Penn Station and Madison Square Garden. On the East Side, both streets end at Second Avenue at Kips Bay Towers and NYU Medical Center which occupy the area between 30th and 34th Streets. The Catholic church of St. Francis of Assisi is situated at 135–139 West 31st Street. At 210 West is the Capuchin Monastery of St. John the Baptist, part of St. John the Baptist Church on 30th Street. At the corner of Broadway and West 31st Street is the Grand Hotel. The former Hotel Pierrepont was located at 43 West 32nd Street, The Continental NYC tower is at the corner of Sixth Avenue and 32nd Street. 29 East 32nd Street was the location of the first building owned by the Grolier Club between 1890 and 1917.

Where does 31st Street begin? {sep_token} Which church is situated at 135-139 West 31st Street? {sep_token} Who owned the building at 29 East 32nd Street between 1890 and 1917? {sep_token} The corner of Broadway and West 31st Street is home to what business? {sep_token} Which religios center is located at 210 West? {sep_token}

35th Street runs from FDR Drive to Eleventh Avenue. Notable locations include East River Ferry, LaptopMD headquarters, Mercy College Manhattan Campus, and Jacob K. Javits Convention Center.

Where does 35th Street begin? {sep_token} Where does 35th Street end? {sep_token} On which street does LaptopMD headquarters sit? {sep_token} On which street is the Jacob K. Javits Convention Center located? {sep_token} Which street runs from FDR Drive to Eleventh Avenue? {sep_token}

40°48′27″N 73°57′18″W / 40.8076°N 73.9549°W / 40.8076; -73.9549 120th Street traverses the neighborhoods of Morningside Heights, Harlem, and Spanish Harlem. It begins on Riverside Drive at the Interchurch Center. It then runs east between the campuses of Barnard College and the Union Theological Seminary, then crosses Broadway and runs between the campuses of Columbia University and Teacher's College. The street is interrupted by Morningside Park. It then continues east, eventually running along the southern edge of Marcus Garvey Park, passing by 58 West, the former residence of Maya Angelou. It then continues through Spanish Harlem; when it crosses Pleasant Avenue it becomes a two‑way street and continues nearly to the East River, where for automobiles, it turns north and becomes Paladino Avenue, and for pedestrians, continues as a bridge across FDR Drive.

On which road does 120th Street begin? {sep_token} The Interchurch Center is the start of which street? {sep_token} Morningside Park interrupts which street? {sep_token} Who formerly lived at 58 West? {sep_token} 120th Street turns into Paladino Avenue and into a pedestrian bridge across what road? {sep_token}

40°48′32″N 73°57′14″W / 40.8088°N 73.9540°W / 40.8088; -73.9540 122nd Street is divided into three noncontiguous segments, E 122nd Street, W 122nd Street, and W 122nd Street Seminary Row, by Marcus Garvey Memorial Park and Morningside Park.

Which memorial park divides 122nd Street? {sep_token} Which park divides 122nd Street along with Marcus Garvey Memorial Park? {sep_token} How many segments is 122nd Street divided into? {sep_token} Are 122nd Street's three segments contiguous or noncontiguous? {sep_token}

40°48′47″N 73°57′27″W / 40.813°N 73.9575°W / 40.813; -73.9575 La Salle Street is a street in West Harlem that runs just two blocks between Amsterdam Avenue and Claremont Avenue. West of Convent Avenue, 125th Street was re-routed onto the old Manhattan Avenue. The original 125th Street west of Convent Avenue was swallowed up to make the super-blocks where the low income housing projects now exist. La Salle Street is the only vestige of the original routing.

Which street in West Harlem runs just two blocks between Amersterdam Avenue and Claremont Avenue? {sep_token} La Salle Street runs between Amsterdam Avenue and which other Avenue? {sep_token} In which neighborhood does La Salle Street run? {sep_token} Which street was swallowed up to make low income housing projects? {sep_token} Which street is the only area left of the routing onto old Manhattan Avenue? {sep_token}

40°48′52″N 73°56′53″W / 40.814583°N 73.947944°W / 40.814583; -73.947944 132nd Street runs east-west above Central Park and is located in Harlem just south of Hamilton Heights. The main portion of 132nd Street runs eastbound from Frederick Douglass Boulevard to northern end of Park Avenue where there is a southbound exit from/entrance to the Harlem River Drive. After an interruption from St. Nicholas Park and City College, there is another small stretch of West 132nd Street between Broadway and Twelfth Avenue

There is a small stretch of what road between Broadway and Twelfth Avenue? {sep_token} The main portion of what road runs eastbound from Frederick Douglass Boulevard to Park Avenue? {sep_token} On what Avenue is a southbound exit and entrance to the Harlem River Drive? {sep_token} West 132nd Street is interrupted by St. Nicholas Park and which college? {sep_token} West 132nd Street is interrupted by City College and which park? {sep_token}

48 of Switzerland's mountains are 4,000 metres (13,000 ft) above sea in altitude or higher. At 4,634 m (15,203 ft), Monte Rosa is the highest, although the Matterhorn (4,478 m or 14,692 ft) is often regarded as the most famous. Both are located within the Pennine Alps in the canton of Valais. The section of the Bernese Alps above the deep glacial Lauterbrunnen valley, containing 72 waterfalls, is well known for the Jungfrau (4,158 m or 13,642 ft) Eiger and Mönch, and the many picturesque valleys in the region. In the southeast the long Engadin Valley, encompassing the St. Moritz area in canton of Graubünden, is also well known; the highest peak in the neighbouring Bernina Alps is Piz Bernina (4,049 m or 13,284 ft).

What is the highest mountain in Switzerland? {sep_token} What is often regarded as the most famous mountain in Switzerland? {sep_token} How many of Switzerland's mountains are at least 4000 meters above sea level? {sep_token} Where are both Monte Rosa and Matterhorn located? {sep_token}

50 Hz systems support three scanning rates: 50i, 25p and 50p. 60 Hz systems support a much wider set of frame rates: 59.94i, 60i, 23.976p, 24p, 29.97p, 30p, 59.94p and 60p. In the days of standard definition television, the fractional rates were often rounded up to whole numbers, e.g. 23.976p was often called 24p, or 59.94i was often called 60i. 60 Hz high definition television supports both fractional and slightly different integer rates, therefore strict usage of notation is required to avoid ambiguity. Nevertheless, 29.97i/59.94i is almost universally called 60i, likewise 23.976p is called 24p.

What three scanning rates do 50 Hz systems support? {sep_token} Which system suports 59.94i, 60i, 23.976p, 24p, 29.97p, 30p, 59.94p, and 60p {sep_token} SD television fractional rates were often rounded to what? {sep_token} Strict notation is required with HD fractional rates to avoid what? {sep_token}

58.1% of the population described themselves in the 2011 census return as being at least nominally Christian and 0.8% as Muslim with all other religions represented by less than 0.5% each. The portion of people without a religion is 32.9%; above the national average of 24.7%. 7.1% did not state their religious belief. Since the 2001 Census, the number of Christians and Jews has decreased (-16% and -7% respectively), while all other religions have increased and non-religious people have almost doubled in number.

What percentage of Plymouth's population call themselves Christian? {sep_token} What percentage of Plymouth residents follow Islam? {sep_token} What percentage of Plymouth consists of non-religious people? {sep_token} What percentage of people in the United Kingdom describe themselves as non-religious? {sep_token} What was the percentage decline in Jewish residents of Plymouth between 2001 and 2011? {sep_token}

630 people lost their lives as a result of the air raids on Southampton and nearly 2,000 more were injured, not to mention the thousands of buildings damaged or destroyed.

How many people died because of the bombs dropped on Southampton? {sep_token} In addition to casualties, about how many people were wounded by air raids on Southampton? {sep_token} Was it hundreds or thousands of buildings in Southampton that sustained damage from air raids? {sep_token}

64Zn, the most abundant isotope of zinc, is very susceptible to neutron activation, being transmuted into the highly radioactive 65Zn, which has a half-life of 244 days and produces intense gamma radiation. Because of this, Zinc Oxide used in nuclear reactors as an anti-corrosion agent is depleted of 64Zn before use, this is called depleted zinc oxide. For the same reason, zinc has been proposed as a salting material for nuclear weapons (cobalt is another, better-known salting material). A jacket of isotopically enriched 64Zn would be irradiated by the intense high-energy neutron flux from an exploding thermonuclear weapon, forming a large amount of 65Zn significantly increasing the radioactivity of the weapon's fallout. Such a weapon is not known to have ever been built, tested, or used. 65Zn is also used as a tracer to study how alloys that contain zinc wear out, or the path and the role of zinc in organisms.

What is the most abundant zinc isotope? {sep_token} What does 65Zn produce? {sep_token} Why is zinc oxide used in nuclear reactors? {sep_token} What is used to study how alloys containing zinc wear out? {sep_token}

6th-century BCE pre-Socratic Greek philosophers Thales of Miletus and Xenophanes of Colophon were the first in the region to attempt to explain the world in terms of human reason rather than myth and tradition, thus can be said to be the first Greek humanists. Thales questioned the notion of anthropomorphic gods and Xenophanes refused to recognise the gods of his time and reserved the divine for the principle of unity in the universe. These Ionian Greeks were the first thinkers to assert that nature is available to be studied separately from the supernatural realm. Anaxagoras brought philosophy and the spirit of rational inquiry from Ionia to Athens. Pericles, the leader of Athens during the period of its greatest glory was an admirer of Anaxagoras. Other influential pre-Socratics or rational philosophers include Protagoras (like Anaxagoras a friend of Pericles), known for his famous dictum "man is the measure of all things" and Democritus, who proposed that matter was composed of atoms. Little of the written work of these early philosophers survives and they are known mainly from fragments and quotations in other writers, principally Plato and Aristotle. The historian Thucydides, noted for his scientific and rational approach to history, is also much admired by later humanists. In the 3rd century BCE, Epicurus became known for his concise phrasing of the problem of evil, lack of belief in the afterlife, and human-centred approaches to achieving eudaimonia. He was also the first Greek philosopher to admit women to his school as a rule.

Who was one of the first Greeks to adopt a humanistic outlook? {sep_token} Where did this type of thinking next travel to? {sep_token} Who first introduced the idea that matter is made of atoms? {sep_token} Who was the first person to provide education opportunities to females? {sep_token}

808s & Heartbreak, which features extensive use of the eponymous Roland TR-808 drum machine and contains themes of love, loneliness, and heartache, was released by Island Def Jam to capitalize on Thanksgiving weekend in November 2008. Reviews were positive, though slightly more mixed than his previous efforts. Despite this, the record's singles demonstrated outstanding chart performances. Upon its release, the lead single "Love Lockdown" debuted at number three on the Billboard Hot 100 and became a "Hot Shot Debut", while follow-up single "Heartless" performed similarly and became his second consecutive "Hot Shot Debut" by debuting at number four on the Billboard Hot 100. While it was criticized prior to release, 808s & Heartbreak had a significant effect on hip-hop music, encouraging other rappers to take more creative risks with their productions.

What label pushed out Kanye's fourth studio album? {sep_token} Which album by Kanye West featured the song "Love Lockdown"? {sep_token} 808s & Heartbreak was released by what company? {sep_token} When was 808s & Heartbreaks released? {sep_token} What was the second song released off of 808s? {sep_token} The major usage of musical machine on 808s was described as eponymous? {sep_token}

83% of the total population adheres to Christianity, making it the most common religion in Swaziland. Anglican, Protestant and indigenous African churches, including African Zionist, constitute the majority of the Christians (40%), followed by Roman Catholicism at 20% of the population. On 18 July 2012, Ellinah Wamukoya, was elected Anglican Bishop of Swaziland, becoming the first woman to be a bishop in Africa. 15% of the population follows traditional religions; other non-Christian religions practised in the country include Islam (1%), the Bahá'í Faith (0.5%), and Hinduism (0.2%). There are 14 Jewish families.

What percentage of the Swazi population are Christian? {sep_token} Which religious belief is most prevelant in Swaziland? {sep_token} What amount of Swazi Christians are Roman Catholic? {sep_token} Who is the Anglican Bishop of Swaziland? {sep_token} How many Jewish families are there in Swaziland? {sep_token}

8th and 9th Streets run parallel to each other, beginning at Avenue D, interrupted by Tompkins Square Park at Avenue B, resuming at Avenue A and continuing to Sixth Avenue. West 8th Street is an important local shopping street. 8th Street between Avenue A and Third Avenue is called St Mark's Place, but it is counted in the length below.

West 8th Street is an important local street for what activity? {sep_token} 8th Street between Avenue A and Third Avenue is called what? {sep_token} Where do 8th and 9th Streets begin? {sep_token} Where do 8th and 9th Streets end? {sep_token} Which park interrupts 8th and 9th Street at Avenue B? {sep_token}

90th Street is split into two segments. The first segment, West 90th Street begins at Riverside Drive and ends at Central Park West or West Drive, when it is open, in Central Park on the Upper West Side. The second segment of East 90th Street begins at East Drive, at Engineers Gate of Central Park. When East Drive is closed, East 90th Street begins at Fifth Avenue on the Upper East Side and curves to the right at the FDR Drive becoming East End Avenue. Our Lady of Good Counsel Church, is located on East 90th Street between Third Avenue and Second Avenue, across the street from Ruppert Towers (1601 and 1619 Third Avenue) and Ruppert Park. Asphalt Green, which is located on East 90th Street between York Avenue and East End Avenue.

Which street begins at East Drive, at Engineers Gate of Central Park? {sep_token} Which church is located on East 90th Street between Second and Third Avenue? {sep_token} Which towers are located at 1601 and 1619 Third Avenue? {sep_token} What is located on East 90th Street between York Avenue and East End Avenue? {sep_token}

A "beer engine" is a device for pumping beer, originally manually operated and typically used to dispense beer from a cask or container in a pub's basement or cellar.

What is a "beer engine"? {sep_token} What is the function of a "beer engine"? {sep_token}

A "country pub" by tradition is a rural public house. However, the distinctive culture surrounding country pubs, that of functioning as a social centre for a village and rural community, has been changing over the last thirty or so years. In the past, many rural pubs provided opportunities for country folk to meet and exchange (often local) news, while others—especially those away from village centres—existed for the general purpose, before the advent of motor transport, of serving travellers as coaching inns.

What is another name for a rural public house? {sep_token} What was a function of distant country pubs before the rise of motor vehicles? {sep_token} Over what period of years has the traditional function of country pubs been changing? {sep_token}

A "grand", sometimes shortened to simply "G", is a common term for the amount of $1,000. The suffix "K" or "k" (from "kilo-") is also commonly used to denote this amount (such as "$10k" to mean $10,000). However, the $1,000 note is no longer in general use. A "large" or "stack", it is usually a reference to a multiple of $1,000 (such as "fifty large" meaning $50,000). The $100 note is nicknamed "Benjamin", "Benji", "Ben", or "Franklin" (after Benjamin Franklin), "C-note" (C being the Roman numeral for 100), "Century note" or "bill" (e.g. "two bills" being $200). The $50 note is occasionally called a "yardstick" or a "grant" (after President Ulysses S. Grant, pictured on the obverse). The $20 note is referred to as a "double sawbuck", "Jackson" (after Andrew Jackson), or "double eagle". The $10 note is referred to as a "sawbuck", "ten-spot" or "Hamilton" (after Alexander Hamilton). The $5 note as "Lincoln", "fin", "fiver" or "five-spot". The infrequently-used $2 note is sometimes called "deuce", "Tom", or "Jefferson" (after Thomas Jefferson). The $1 note as a "single" or "buck". The dollar has also been, referred to as a "bone" and "bones" in plural (e.g. "twenty bones" is equal to $20). The newer designs, with portraits displayed in the main body of the obverse rather than in cameo insets upon paper color-coded by denomination, are sometimes referred to as "bigface" notes or "Monopoly money".

What is a "grand" sometimes shortened to? {sep_token} What is another term other than "large" that means a stack of mutiple thousands? {sep_token} What is a "C-note" a reference to? {sep_token} Which note is occasionally called a "yardstick"? {sep_token} What is another term for "bigface" notes? {sep_token}

A "lock-in" is when a pub owner lets drinkers stay in the pub after the legal closing time, on the theory that once the doors are locked, it becomes a private party rather than a pub. Patrons may put money behind the bar before official closing time, and redeem their drinks during the lock-in so no drinks are technically sold after closing time. The origin of the British lock-in was a reaction to 1915 changes in the licensing laws in England and Wales, which curtailed opening hours to stop factory workers from turning up drunk and harming the war effort. Since 1915, the UK licensing laws had changed very little, with comparatively early closing times. The tradition of the lock-in therefore remained. Since the implementation of Licensing Act 2003, premises in England and Wales may apply to extend their opening hours beyond 11 pm, allowing round-the-clock drinking and removing much of the need for lock-ins. Since the smoking ban, some establishments operated a lock-in during which the remaining patrons could smoke without repercussions but, unlike drinking lock-ins, allowing smoking in a pub was still a prosecutable offence.

What is it called when the owner of a pub allows patrons to remain when the pub should have closed? {sep_token} What law allows pubs to apply to extend their closing hours after 11pm? {sep_token} A law of what year prompted the existence of the "lock-in"? {sep_token} What action by a pub owner can result in his prosecution? {sep_token}

A "tag" in an audio file is a section of the file that contains metadata such as the title, artist, album, track number or other information about the file's contents. The MP3 standards do not define tag formats for MP3 files, nor is there a standard container format that would support metadata and obviate the need for tags.

What is a section of a file that contains metadeta referred to as? {sep_token} What else can metadeta contain other than the title, artist or track number? {sep_token} What do MP3 standards not define? {sep_token} What would be needed to support metadata and obviate the need for tags? {sep_token}

A 2000 United States Department of the Treasury study of lending trends for 305 cities from 1993 to 1998 showed that $467 billion of mortgage lending was made by Community Reinvestment Act (CRA)-covered lenders into low and mid level income (LMI) borrowers and neighborhoods, representing 10% of all U.S. mortgage lending during the period. The majority of these were prime loans. Sub-prime loans made by CRA-covered institutions constituted a 3% market share of LMI loans in 1998, but in the run-up to the crisis, fully 25% of all sub-prime lending occurred at CRA-covered institutions and another 25% of sub-prime loans had some connection with CRA. In addition, an analysis by the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas in 2009, however, concluded that the CRA was not responsible for the mortgage loan crisis, pointing out that CRA rules have been in place since 1995 whereas the poor lending emerged only a decade later. Furthermore, most sub-prime loans were not made to the LMI borrowers targeted by the CRA, especially in the years 2005–2006 leading up to the crisis. Nor did it find any evidence that lending under the CRA rules increased delinquency rates or that the CRA indirectly influenced independent mortgage lenders to ramp up sub-prime lending.

What was the value of mortgage lending made by Community Reinvestment Act covered lenders to low and mid level income borrowers and neighborhoods from 1993-1998? {sep_token} What percent of mortgage lending was made by Community Reinvestment Act covered lenders from 1993 to 1998? {sep_token} What does CRA stand for? {sep_token} What percent of sub-prime lending occurred at CRA-covered institutions in the run-up to the financial crisis? {sep_token} What percent of sub-prime loans had some connection with CRA in the run-up to the financial crisis? {sep_token}

A 2001 study by Nebel et al. showed that both Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jewish populations share the same overall paternal Near Eastern ancestries. In comparison with data available from other relevant populations in the region, Jews were found to be more closely related to groups in the north of the Fertile Crescent. The authors also report on Eu 19 (R1a) chromosomes, which are very frequent in Central and Eastern Europeans (54%–60%) at elevated frequency (12.7%) in Ashkenazi Jews. They hypothesized that the differences among Ashkenazim Jews could reflect low-level gene flow from surrounding European populations and/or genetic drift during isolation. A later 2005 study by Nebel et al., found a similar level of 11.5% of male Ashkenazim belonging to R1a1a (M17+), the dominant Y-chromosome haplogroup in Central and Eastern Europeans.

A 2001 study by Nebel et al. showed that which two populations share the same overall paternal Near Eastern ancestries? {sep_token} Levels of the Eu 19 (R1a) chromosome are typically seen between what two percentages in Central and Eastern Europeans? {sep_token} Levels of the Eu 19 (R1a) chromosome were seen in what percentage of the Ashkenazi Jewish population? {sep_token} The difference in percentages of the levels of Eu 19 (R1a) chromosomes between Central and Eastern Europeans and the Ashkenazi population would indicate what? {sep_token}

A 2005 paper states "recent research has failed to support earlier findings that pet ownership is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, a reduced use of general practitioner services, or any psychological or physical benefits on health for community dwelling older people. Research has, however, pointed to significantly less absenteeism from school through sickness among children who live with pets." In one study, new guardians reported a highly significant reduction in minor health problems during the first month following pet acquisition, and this effect was sustained in those with dogs through to the end of the study.

What year did a publication come out indicating having a pet does not mean lower risk of heart disease in the elderly? {sep_token} What is lowered in children who have pets? {sep_token} What year did a report state that research did not support better health for elderly people who own pets? {sep_token}

A 2006 study by Seldin et al. used over five thousand autosomal SNPs to demonstrate European genetic substructure. The results showed "a consistent and reproducible distinction between 'northern' and 'southern' European population groups". Most northern, central, and eastern Europeans (Finns, Swedes, English, Irish, Germans, and Ukrainians) showed >90% in the "northern" population group, while most individual participants with southern European ancestry (Italians, Greeks, Portuguese, Spaniards) showed >85% in the "southern" group. Both Ashkenazi Jews as well as Sephardic Jews showed >85% membership in the "southern" group. Referring to the Jews clustering with southern Europeans, the authors state the results were "consistent with a later Mediterranean origin of these ethnic groups".

In a 2006 study, how many autosomal SNPs were used? {sep_token}

A 2006 study found Ashkenazi Jews to be a clear, homogeneous genetic subgroup. Strikingly, regardless of the place of origin, Ashkenazi Jews can be grouped in the same genetic cohort – that is, regardless of whether an Ashkenazi Jew's ancestors came from Poland, Russia, Hungary, Lithuania, or any other place with a historical Jewish population, they belong to the same ethnic group. The research demonstrates the endogamy of the Jewish population in Europe and lends further credence to the idea of Ashkenazi Jews as an ethnic group. Moreover, though intermarriage among Jews of Ashkenazi descent has become increasingly common, many Haredi Jews, particularly members of Hasidic or Hareidi sects, continue to marry exclusively fellow Ashkenazi Jews. This trend keeps Ashkenazi genes prevalent and also helps researchers further study the genes of Ashkenazi Jews with relative ease. It is noteworthy that these Haredi Jews often have extremely large families.

A 2006 study found Ashkenazi Jews to be a what? {sep_token} Ashkenazi Jews, regardless of their place of origin, belong to the same what? {sep_token} Members of which two Haredi Jewish sects continue to marry exclusively within the Ashkenazi Jewish population? {sep_token} Do Haredi Jews tend to have large or small families? {sep_token}

A 2007 study conducted by the National Science Foundation found that biodiversity and genetic diversity are codependent—that diversity among species requires diversity within a species, and vice versa. "If any one type is removed from the system, the cycle can break down, and the community becomes dominated by a single species." At present, the most threatened ecosystems are found in fresh water, according to the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment 2005, which was confirmed by the "Freshwater Animal Diversity Assessment", organised by the biodiversity platform, and the French Institut de recherche pour le développement (MNHNP).

In which year was the study published that found biodiversity and genetic diversity are codependent? {sep_token} Who conducted the 2007 study? {sep_token} What can cause a break down of a biodiversity system? {sep_token} Where are the most threatened ecosystems found? {sep_token}

A 2009 Cochrane review concluded that thiazide antihypertensive drugs reduce the risk of death (RR 0.89), stroke (RR 0.63), coronary heart disease (RR 0.84), and cardiovascular events (RR 0.70) in people with high blood pressure. In the ensuring years other classes of antihypertensive drug were developed and found wide acceptance in combination therapy, including loop diuretics (Lasix/furosemide, Hoechst Pharmaceuticals, 1963), beta blockers (ICI Pharmaceuticals, 1964) ACE inhibitors, and angiotensin receptor blockers. ACE inhibitors reduce the risk of new onset kidney disease [RR 0.71] and death [RR 0.84] in diabetic patients, irrespective of whether they have hypertension.

What drugs reduce the risk of death and other events in people with high blood pressure? {sep_token} Who conducted the review on Thiazide Antihypertensive drugs? {sep_token} What were Thiazide Antihypertensive drugs used with? {sep_token} What do ACE inhibitors do? {sep_token} In what year did Cochrane release the report? {sep_token} What reduces the risk of new onset kidney diseases and death? {sep_token} What type of drugs reduced the risk of strokes and heart disease for people with high blood pressure? {sep_token} In what year was thiazide antihypertensive drugs shown to help those with heart problems? {sep_token}

A 2010 study by Bray et al., using SNP microarray techniques and linkage analysis found that when assuming Druze and Palestinian Arab populations to represent the reference to world Jewry ancestor genome, between 35 to 55 percent of the modern Ashkenazi genome can possibly be of European origin, and that European "admixture is considerably higher than previous estimates by studies that used the Y chromosome" with this reference point. Assuming this reference point the linkage disequilibrium in the Ashkenazi Jewish population was interpreted as "matches signs of interbreeding or 'admixture' between Middle Eastern and European populations". On the Bray et al. tree, Ashkenazi Jews were found to be a genetically more divergent population than Russians, Orcadians, French, Basques, Italians, Sardinians and Tuscans. The study also observed that Ashkenazim are more diverse than their Middle Eastern relatives, which was counterintuitive because Ashkenazim are supposed to be a subset, not a superset, of their assumed geographical source population. Bray et al. therefore postulate that these results reflect not the population antiquity but a history of mixing between genetically distinct populations in Europe. However, it's possible that the relaxation of marriage prescription in the ancestors of Ashkenazim that drove their heterozygosity up, while the maintenance of the FBD rule in native Middle Easterners have been keeping their heterozygosity values in check. Ashkenazim distinctiveness as found in the Bray et al. study, therefore, may come from their ethnic endogamy (ethnic inbreeding), which allowed them to "mine" their ancestral gene pool in the context of relative reproductive isolation from European neighbors, and not from clan endogamy (clan inbreeding). Consequently, their higher diversity compared to Middle Easterners stems from the latter's marriage practices, not necessarily from the former's admixture with Europeans.

What percentage of the modern Ashkenazi genome could possibly be of European origin? {sep_token} Is the percentage of admixture in the modern Ashkenazi genome higher or lower than previously thought? {sep_token} Were Ashkenazi Jews found to be a more or less genetically divergent population than Russians, Orcadians, French, and Basques? {sep_token} In one study it was found that the Ashkenazim were more or less diverse than their Middle Eastern relatives? {sep_token} Were the Ashkenazim thought to be a subset or superset of their assumed geographical source population? {sep_token}

A 2010 study on Jewish ancestry by Atzmon-Ostrer et al. stated "Two major groups were identified by principal component, phylogenetic, and identity by descent (IBD) analysis: Middle Eastern Jews and European/Syrian Jews. The IBD segment sharing and the proximity of European Jews to each other and to southern European populations suggested similar origins for European Jewry and refuted large-scale genetic contributions of Central and Eastern European and Slavic populations to the formation of Ashkenazi Jewry", as both groups – the Middle Eastern Jews and European/Syrian Jews – shared common ancestors in the Middle East about 2500 years ago. The study examines genetic markers spread across the entire genome and shows that the Jewish groups (Ashkenazi and non Ashkenazi) share large swaths of DNA, indicating close relationships and that each of the Jewish groups in the study (Iranian, Iraqi, Syrian, Italian, Turkish, Greek and Ashkenazi) has its own genetic signature but is more closely related to the other Jewish groups than to their fellow non-Jewish countrymen. Atzmon's team found that the SNP markers in genetic segments of 3 million DNA letters or longer were 10 times more likely to be identical among Jews than non-Jews. Results of the analysis also tally with biblical accounts of the fate of the Jews. The study also found that with respect to non-Jewish European groups, the population most closely related to Ashkenazi Jews are modern-day Italians. The study speculated that the genetic-similarity between Ashkenazi Jews and Italians may be due to inter-marriage and conversions in the time of the Roman Empire. It was also found that any two Ashkenazi Jewish participants in the study shared about as much DNA as fourth or fifth cousins.

In a 2010 study, which two groups were identified by principal component, phylogenetic, and identity by descent analysis? {sep_token} The 2010 study found that what modern population is most closely related to Ashkenazi Jews? {sep_token} Ashkenazi Jews and Italians may be genetically similar due to what two factors? {sep_token}

A 2011 discovery in the Canadian province of New Brunswick uncovered the earliest known plants to have grown wood, approximately 395 to 400 million years ago. Wood can be dated by carbon dating and in some species by dendrochronology to make inferences about when a wooden object was created.

What year were the earliest plants that grew wood discovered? {sep_token} In which Canadian province were the oldest woody plants found? {sep_token} If dendrochronology can't be used, what method would scientists employ to date wood? {sep_token} How many millions of years old were the plants that were discovered in New Brunswick? {sep_token}

A 2011 study by the Translational Genomics Research Institute showed that 47% of the meat and poultry sold in United States grocery stores was contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus, and 52% of the bacteria concerned showed resistance to at least three groups of antibiotics. Thorough cooking of the product would kill these bacteria, but a risk of cross-contamination from improper handling of the raw product is still present. Also, some risk is present for consumers of poultry meat and eggs to bacterial infections such as Salmonella and Campylobacter. Poultry products may become contaminated by these bacteria during handling, processing, marketing, or storage, resulting in food-borne illness if the product is improperly cooked or handled.

When is it possible for baccteria is enter into poultry before you get it home? {sep_token} What percentage of poultry is tainted with Staphylococcus bacteria? {sep_token} Are the bacteria that is found on poultry easy to get rid of? {sep_token} What considerations do consumers need when using safe handling procedures with poultry regardless of cooking method used?? {sep_token}

A 2013 study in Nature reported that DNA found in the 24,000-year-old remains of a young boy from the archaeological Mal'ta-Buret' culture suggest that up to one-third of the indigenous Americans may have ancestry that can be traced back to western Eurasians, who may have "had a more north-easterly distribution 24,000 years ago than commonly thought". "We estimate that 14 to 38 percent of Native American ancestry may originate through gene flow from this ancient population," the authors wrote. Professor Kelly Graf said,

When was a study about the DNA of a young boy published in Nature? {sep_token} How old was the young boy's remains? {sep_token} What culture was the boy from? {sep_token} What may one-third of the indigenous Americans ancestry be traced back to? {sep_token} What percent of Native American ancestry may originate through gene flow from the Mal'ta-Buret' population? {sep_token}

A 2013 trans-genome study carried out by 30 geneticists, from 13 universities and academies, from 9 countries, assembling the largest data set available to date, for assessment of Ashkenazi Jewish genetic origins found no evidence of Khazar origin among Ashkenazi Jews. "Thus, analysis of Ashkenazi Jews together with a large sample from the region of the Khazar Khaganate corroborates the earlier results that Ashkenazi Jews derive their ancestry primarily from populations of the Middle East and Europe, that they possess considerable shared ancestry with other Jewish populations, and that there is no indication of a significant genetic contribution either from within or from north of the Caucasus region", the authors concluded.

How many geneticists carried out the 2013 trans-genome study? {sep_token} What did the 2013 trans-genome study find in regards to Ashkenazi Jews and Khazar origins? {sep_token} How many universities and academies participated in the 2013 trans-genome study? {sep_token}

A 2014 profile by the National Health Service showed Plymouth had higher than average levels of poverty and deprivation (26.2% of population among the poorest 20.4% nationally). Life expectancy, at 78.3 years for men and 82.1 for women, was the lowest of any region in the South West of England.

What percentage of Plymouth residents were suffering from poverty and deprivation in 2014? {sep_token} As of 2014, what was the life expectancy of male Plymouth residents? {sep_token} As of 2014, what was the life expectancy of female Plymouth residents? {sep_token} Where did Plymouth's life expectancy rank out of the regions of South West England? {sep_token}

A 5th-century building in Huldah may be a Samaritan synagogue. Its mosaic floor contains typical Jewish symbols (menorah, lulav, etrog) but the inscriptions are Greek. Another Samaritan synagogue with a mosaic floor was located in Bet She'an (excavated in 1960). The floor had only decorative motifs and an aedicule (shrine) with cultic symbols. The ban on human or animal images was more strictly observed by the Samaritans than their Jewish neighbours in the same town (see above). The mosaic was laid by the same masters who made the floor of the Beit Alfa synagogue. One of the inscriptions was written in Samaritan script.

A 5th-century building in Huldah is believed to be what? {sep_token} What does the mosaic at Huldah contain? {sep_token} What language are the inscriptions on the mosaic at Huldah? {sep_token} The synagogue located in Bet She'an had what kind of symbols depicted in its mosaic? {sep_token} The masters who built the floor in the synagogue at Bet She'an also constructed what other mosaic? {sep_token}

A CD containing 20 musical selections from the game was available as a GameStop preorder bonus in the United States; it is included in all bundles in Japan, Europe, and Australia.[citation needed]

What company included the soundtrack as a reward for ordering the game prior to release? {sep_token} How many tracks were recorded on the preorder CD? {sep_token} In what areas is the content of the GameStop bonus CD provided for all versions of the game? {sep_token} What was included as a Gamestop preorder item? {sep_token}

A CD is read by focusing a 780 nm wavelength (near infrared) semiconductor laser housed within the CD player, through the bottom of the polycarbonate layer. The change in height between pits and lands results in a difference in the way the light is reflected. By measuring the intensity change with a photodiode, the data can be read from the disc. In order to accommodate the spiral pattern of data, the semiconductor laser is placed on a swing arm within the disc tray of any CD player. This swing arm allows the laser to read information from the centre to the edge of a disc, without having to interrupt the spinning of the disc itself.

Where is the semiconductor laser found in a CD player? {sep_token} What wavelenght is used to pull data from a CD? {sep_token} What is used to discern the change of intensity in light on a CD? {sep_token} In what pattern is data stored on a CD? {sep_token} What createds the change in light reflected off of a CD? {sep_token}

A Christian ( pronunciation (help·info)) is a person who adheres to Christianity, an Abrahamic, monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. "Christian" derives from the Koine Greek word Christós (Χριστός), a translation of the Biblical Hebrew term mashiach.

What is a person who follows Christianity called? {sep_token} Whose life do Christians learn from? {sep_token} What Greek word is Christian derived from? {sep_token} Christós is translated from what Biblical term? {sep_token}

A Colorado study found bites in children were less severe than bites in adults. The incidence of dog bites in the US is 12.9 per 10,000 inhabitants, but for boys aged 5 to 9, the incidence rate is 60.7 per 10,000. Moreover, children have a much higher chance to be bitten in the face or neck. Sharp claws with powerful muscles behind them can lacerate flesh in a scratch that can lead to serious infections.

According to a Colorado study, dog bites are what in children as compared to adults? {sep_token} Out of 10,000 people, how many people are bitten by dogs in the United States? {sep_token} Out of 10,000 boys between five and nine years old, how many are bitten annually by dogs? {sep_token} Children are often bit where by dogs? {sep_token} A dog scratch can lead to what medical condition? {sep_token} Where was the study done that showed dog bites were less serious in children than adults? {sep_token} About 12.9 out of 10,000 are bit by dogs, but what is the number in 10,000 for young boys from 5 to 9? {sep_token} According to the text, dog scratches can cause what? {sep_token}

A DBMS has evolved into a complex software system and its development typically requires thousands of human years of development effort.[a] Some general-purpose DBMSs such as Adabas, Oracle and DB2 have been undergoing upgrades since the 1970s. General-purpose DBMSs aim to meet the needs of as many applications as possible, which adds to the complexity. However, the fact that their development cost can be spread over a large number of users means that they are often the most cost-effective approach. However, a general-purpose DBMS is not always the optimal solution: in some cases a general-purpose DBMS may introduce unnecessary overhead. Therefore, there are many examples of systems that use special-purpose databases. A common example is an email system that performs many of the functions of a general-purpose DBMS such as the insertion and deletion of messages composed of various items of data or associating messages with a particular email address; but these functions are limited to what is required to handle email and don't provide the user with all of the functionality that would be available using a general-purpose DBMS.

How long can it take to create a DBMS? {sep_token} Name three DBMSs that have been used since the 1970s. {sep_token} How is the cost to create a DBMS distributed? {sep_token} Name an example of a general-purpose DBMS. {sep_token}

A Federal Trade Commission report issued in 1958 attempted to quantify the effect of antibiotic development on American public health. The report found that over the period 1946-1955, there was a 42% drop in the incidence of diseases for which antibiotics were effective and only a 20% drop in those for which antibiotics were not effective. The report concluded that "it appears that the use of antibiotics, early diagnosis, and other factors have limited the epidemic spread and thus the number of these diseases which have occurred". The study further examined mortality rates for eight common diseases for which antibiotics offered effective therapy (syphilis, tuberculosis, dysentery, scarlet fever, whooping cough, meningococcal infections, and pneumonia), and found a 56% decline over the same period. Notable among these was a 75% decline in deaths due to tuberculosis.

What disease had the biggest decline of deaths? {sep_token} What was responsible for the decline in spreading diseases? {sep_token} What period was the report issued in 1958 cover? {sep_token} Who issued the report in 1958? {sep_token} What were eight diseases examined for? {sep_token} How much did the mortality rate of common bacterial infections decline between 1946-1955? {sep_token} How much did the mortality rate of tuberculosis drop between 1946-1955? {sep_token} Who issued a report describing the effects of antibiotic developments? {sep_token} In what year was the FTC's report issued? {sep_token}

A Frankish identity emerged and so did their Frankish or Franconian language. The language itself is poorly attested. A notable exception is the Bergakker inscription, found near the Dutch city of Tiel, which may represent a primary record of 5th-century Frankish. Although some placenames recorded in Roman texts could arguably be considered as the oldest "Dutch" single words, like vadam (modern Dutch: wad, English: "mudflat"), the Bergakker inscription yields the oldest evidence of Dutch morphology, but there is no consensus on the interpretation of the rest of the text.

What's another term for "Frankish"? {sep_token} What city is closest to the Bergakker inscription? {sep_token} To which century do some researchers attribute the Bergakker inscription? {sep_token} What word found in Roman writings became "wad" in modern Dutch? {sep_token} What does the Dutch word "wad" mean in English? {sep_token}

A Freedom of Information request in 2005 revealed that Eton had received £2,652 in farming subsidies in 2004 under the Common Agricultural Policy. Asked to explain under what grounds it was eligible to receive farming subsidies, Eton admitted that it was 'a bit of a mystery'. The TaxPayers' Alliance also stated that Eton had received a total of £5,300 in CAP subsidies between 2002 and 2007. Panorama revealed in March 2012 that farming subsidies were granted to Eton for 'environmental improvements', in effect 'being paid without having to do any farming at all'.

How much had Eton received in farming subsidies in 2005? {sep_token} Under what policy was Eton able to receive funds without farming? {sep_token} What did Panorama say was the documented reason Eton was eligible for farming subsidies? {sep_token}

A German ethnicity emerged in the course of the Middle Ages, ultimately as a result of the formation of the kingdom of Germany within East Francia and later the Holy Roman Empire, beginning in the 9th century. The process was gradual and lacked any clear definition, and the use of exonyms designating "the Germans" develops only during the High Middle Ages. The title of rex teutonicum "King of the Germans" is first used in the late 11th century, by the chancery of Pope Gregory VII, to describe the future Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation Henry IV. Natively, the term ein diutscher ("a German") is used for the people of Germany from the 12th century.

What period in history do we see the emergence of German culture? {sep_token} The kingdom of Germany formed within what outer established empires? {sep_token} When was the Title King of the Germans first used? {sep_token} Who coined the phrase "king of the Germans" {sep_token} Who was given the prilavage of being called the first King of the Germans? {sep_token} When did a German ethnicity emerge? {sep_token} When is the title of rex teutonicum first used? {sep_token} Who first used rex teutonicum? {sep_token} When is ein diutscher first used? {sep_token} What does ein diutscher mean? {sep_token}

A German trading company, the Jaluit Gesellschaft, administered the islands from 1887 until 1905. They conscripted the islanders as laborers and mistreated them. After the German–Spanish Treaty of 1899, in which Germany acquired the Carolines, Palau, and the Marianas from Spain, Germany placed all of its Micronesian islands, including the Marshalls, under the governor of German New Guinea.

What company ran the Marshall Islands in the late 19th century? {sep_token} When did the Jaluit Gesellschaft's administration of the islands end? {sep_token} What document was signed in 1899? {sep_token} Along with the Marianas and Palau, what islands were acquired from Spain in 1899? {sep_token} What official administered Germany's Micronesian possessions? {sep_token}

A HDI below 0.5 is considered to represent "low development". All 22 countries in that category are located in Africa. The highest-scoring Sub-Saharan countries, Gabon and South Africa, are ranked 119th and 121st, respectively. Nine countries departed from this category this year and joined the "medium development" group.

Under what number does a country need to fall in order to be considered a "low development" country? {sep_token} On which continent are all 22 of the low development countries located? {sep_token} What is Gabon's ranking? {sep_token} What is South Africa's ranking? {sep_token} What are the two highest ranking Sub-Saharan countries? {sep_token}

A HDI of 0.8 or more is considered to represent "high development". This includes all developed countries, such as those in North America, Western Europe, Oceania, and Eastern Asia, as well as some developing countries in Eastern Europe, Central and South America, Southeast Asia, the Caribbean, and the oil-rich Arabian Peninsula. Seven countries were promoted to this category this year, leaving the "medium development" group: Albania, Belarus, Brazil, Libya, Macedonia, Russia and Saudi Arabia.

What number indicates the minimum score for a country to be considered a "high development" country? {sep_token} Which South American country was included among the seven promoted countries? {sep_token} What is the largest country that was included among the seven promoted countries? {sep_token}

A January 2013 press release from the USB group revealed plans to update USB 3.0 to 10 Gbit/s. The group ended up creating a new USB version, USB 3.1, which was released on 31 July 2013, introducing a faster transfer mode called SuperSpeed USB 10 Gbit/s, putting it on par with a single first-generation Thunderbolt channel. The new mode's logo features a "Superspeed+" caption (stylized as SUPERSPEED+). The USB 3.1 standard increases the data signaling rate to 10 Gbit/s in the USB 3.1 Gen2 mode, double that of USB 3.0 (referred to as USB 3.1 Gen1) and reduces line encoding overhead to just 3% by changing the encoding scheme to 128b/132b. The first USB 3.1 implementation demonstrated transfer speeds of 7.2 Gbit/s.

When were the plans to update USB 3.0 to 10 Gbit/s revealed? {sep_token} What actually happened whenever USB 3.0 was updated? {sep_token} When was USB 3.1 released? {sep_token} What does the USB 3.1 standard increase? {sep_token}

A Japan-exclusive manga series based on Twilight Princess, penned and illustrated by Akira Himekawa, was first released on February 8, 2016. The series is available solely via publisher Shogakukan's MangaOne mobile application. While the manga adaptation began almost ten years after the initial release of the game on which it is based, it launched only a month before the release of the high-definition remake.

Who wrote and provided art for a Twilight Princess comic book series? {sep_token} The Twilight Princess manga was only available in what country? {sep_token} Who published the Twilight Princess comic book series? {sep_token} What kind of device can access the Twilight Princess manga? {sep_token}

A Japanese force was sent north to attack the Aleutian Islands. The next stage of the plan called for the capture of Midway, which would give him an opportunity to destroy Nimitz's remaining carriers. In May, Allied codebreakers discovered his intentions. Nagumo was again in tactical command but was focused on the invasion of Midway; Yamamoto's complex plan had no provision for intervention by Nimitz before the Japanese expected him. Planned surveillance of the U.S. fleet by long range seaplane did not happen (as a result of an abortive identical operation in March), so Fletcher's carriers were able to proceed to a flanking position without being detected. Nagumo had 272 planes operating from his four carriers, the U.S. 348 (115 land-based).

In Yamamoto's plan, what northern islands were to be attacked? {sep_token} What was the second stage objective of Yamaoto's plan? {sep_token} How many planes did Nagumo have for the Midway invasion? {sep_token} How many planes did the United States have in the Battle of Midway? {sep_token} How many U.S. planes were land-based? {sep_token}

A Latin translation of Ibn Tufail's work, Philosophus Autodidactus, first appeared in 1671, prepared by Edward Pococke the Younger, followed by an English translation by Simon Ockley in 1708, as well as German and Dutch translations. These translations might have later inspired Daniel Defoe to write Robinson Crusoe, regarded as the first novel in English. Philosophus Autodidactus, continuing the thoughts of philosophers such as Aristotle from earlier ages, inspired Robert Boyle to write his own philosophical novel set on an island, The Aspiring Naturalist.

Which year did a translation of Philosophus Autodidactus in Latin come to be? {sep_token} Who wrote Robinson Crusoe? {sep_token} Who first translated Philosophus Autodidactus into latin? {sep_token} Simon Ockley translated Philosophus Autodidactus into English, in what year did he do that? {sep_token} What book is Robert Boyle believe to have written after being inspired by Philosophus Autodidactus? {sep_token}

A Macau resident was arrested on April 26 for posting a message on cyberctm.com encouraging people to disrupt the relay. Both orchidbbs.com and cyberctm.com Internet forums were shut down from May 2 to 4. This fueled speculation that the shutdowns were targeting speeches against the relay. The head of the Bureau of Telecommunications Regulation has denied that the shutdowns of the websites were politically motivated. About 2,200 police were deployed on the streets, there were no interruptions.

A Macau citizen was arrested for posting a plea to disrupt the relay on what website? {sep_token} In addition to cyberctm.com, what other website was shut down for two days? {sep_token} Who was arrested on April 26 for posting an online message? {sep_token} Where was the message posted? {sep_token} Who denied the shutdown was motivated by politics? {sep_token}

A Misratan militia took Gaddafi prisoner, beating him, causing serious injuries; the events were filmed on a mobile phone. A video appears to picture Gaddafi being poked or stabbed in the rear end "with some kind of stick or knife" or possibly a bayonet. Pulled onto the front of a pick-up truck, he fell off as it drove away. His semi-naked, lifeless body was then placed into an ambulance and taken to Misrata; upon arrival, he was found to be dead. Official NTC accounts claimed that Gaddafi was caught in a cross-fire and died from his bullet wounds. Other eye-witness accounts claimed that rebels had fatally shot Gaddafi in the stomach; a rebel identifying himself as Senad el-Sadik el-Ureybi later claimed responsibility. Gaddafi's son Mutassim, who had also been among the convoy, was also captured, and found dead several hours later, most probably from an extrajudicial execution. Around 140 Gaddafi loyalists were rounded up from the convoy; tied up and abused, the corpses of 66 were found at the nearby Mahari Hotel, victims of extrajudicial execution. Libya's chief forensic pathologist, Dr. Othman al-Zintani, carried out the autopsies of Gaddafi, his son and Jabr in the days following their deaths; although the pathologist initially told the press that Gaddafi had died from a gunshot wound to the head, the autopsy report was not made public.

Who claimed to have murdered Gaddafi? {sep_token} What son of Gaddafi, present in the convoy, was found dead shortly after being captured? {sep_token} Where did an ambulance take Gaddafi after he was murdered? {sep_token} Who was the chief forensic pathologist of Libya? {sep_token} How many bodies of Gaddafi supporters were found at the Mahari Hotel? {sep_token}

A P-N junction can convert absorbed light energy into a proportional electric current. The same process is reversed here (i.e. the P-N junction emits light when electrical energy is applied to it). This phenomenon is generally called electroluminescence, which can be defined as the emission of light from a semi-conductor under the influence of an electric field. The charge carriers recombine in a forward-biased P-N junction as the electrons cross from the N-region and recombine with the holes existing in the P-region. Free electrons are in the conduction band of energy levels, while holes are in the valence energy band. Thus the energy level of the holes will be lesser than the energy levels of the electrons. Some portion of the energy must be dissipated in order to recombine the electrons and the holes. This energy is emitted in the form of heat and light.

What converts absorbed light energy into an electric current? {sep_token} What is the phenomenon where a P-N junction emits light when an electrical current is applied to it? {sep_token} Where are the free electrons located in the production of electroluminescence? {sep_token} Whose energy levels are lower than the electrons in the electroluminescence process? {sep_token} Why is some energy in the electroluminescence process emitted as heat and light? {sep_token}

A PM motor does not have a field winding on the stator frame, instead relying on PMs to provide the magnetic field against which the rotor field interacts to produce torque. Compensating windings in series with the armature may be used on large motors to improve commutation under load. Because this field is fixed, it cannot be adjusted for speed control. PM fields (stators) are convenient in miniature motors to eliminate the power consumption of the field winding. Most larger DC motors are of the "dynamo" type, which have stator windings. Historically, PMs could not be made to retain high flux if they were disassembled; field windings were more practical to obtain the needed amount of flux. However, large PMs are costly, as well as dangerous and difficult to assemble; this favors wound fields for large machines.

What can a PM motor not be adjusted for? {sep_token} What is another name for PM fields? {sep_token} What design feature does a PM motor lack? {sep_token} What do field windings provide? {sep_token}

A Protestant baptism is held to be valid by the Catholic Church if given with the trinitarian formula and with the intent to baptize. However, as the ordination of Protestant ministers is not recognized due to the lack of apostolic succession and the disunity from Catholic Church, all other sacraments (except marriage) performed by Protestant denominations and ministers are not recognized as valid. Therefore, Protestants desiring full communion with the Catholic Church are not re-baptized (although they are confirmed) and Protestant ministers who become Catholics may be ordained to the priesthood after a period of study.

If done properly, what Protestant practice does the Catholic Church recognize? {sep_token} What is the only other sacrament of the Protestants that the Catholic Church recognizes? {sep_token} Who can become ordained to the Catholic priesthood after a period of study? {sep_token} Protestants who want full communion with the Catholic Church do not have to be what? {sep_token} Why does the Catholic Church not recognize the ordination of Protestant ministers? {sep_token}

A Royal Charter in 1952 upgraded University College at Highfield to the University of Southampton. Southampton acquired city status, becoming the City of Southampton in 1964.

What document declared the upgrade of University College at Highfield? {sep_token} What is the new name of University College at Highfield? {sep_token} When did Southampton officially become a city? {sep_token} In what year did the Royal Charter give the University of Southampton its name? {sep_token}

A Science Hall was built in 1883 under the direction of Fr. Zahm, but in 1950 it was converted to a student union building and named LaFortune Center, after Joseph LaFortune, an oil executive from Tulsa, Oklahoma. Commonly known as "LaFortune" or "LaFun," it is a 4-story building of 83,000 square feet that provides the Notre Dame community with a meeting place for social, recreational, cultural, and educational activities. LaFortune employs 35 part-time student staff and 29 full-time non-student staff and has an annual budget of $1.2 million. Many businesses, services, and divisions of The Office of Student Affairs are found within. The building also houses restaurants from national restaurant chains.

Which person oversaw the creation of a science hall at Notre Dame in 1883? {sep_token} In what year did the student union building at Notre Dame get renamed to LaFortune Center? {sep_token} After which individual was the LaFortune Center Notre Dame named? {sep_token} How large in square feet is the LaFortune Center at Notre Dame? {sep_token} What is the annual budget of Notre Dame's LaFortune Center? {sep_token}

A Spanish expedition led by captain Estêvão Gomes, a Portuguese sailing for Emperor Charles V, arrived in New York Harbor in January 1525 aboard the purpose-built caravel "La Anunciada" and charted the mouth of the Hudson River, which he named Rio de San Antonio. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he returned to Spain in August. The first scientific map to show the North American East coast continuously, the 1527 world map known as the Padrón Real, was informed by Gomes' expedition, and labeled the Northeast as Tierra de Esteban Gómez in his honor.

In what year did a Spanish expedition visit New York Harbor? {sep_token} Who commanded the Spanish expedition? {sep_token} What was the nationality of Estêvão Gomes? {sep_token} What monarch did Estêvão Gomes serve? {sep_token} What was the name of Estêvão Gomes's ship? {sep_token} The front of the Hudson River was named what by Estevao Gomes? {sep_token} What was the first map to show the whole North American East coast? {sep_token}

A Spanish expedition was sent from Buenos Aires, organized by the Spanish governor of that city, Bruno Mauricio de Zabala. On 22 January 1724, the Spanish forced the Portuguese to abandon the location and started populating the city, initially with six families moving in from Buenos Aires and soon thereafter by families arriving from the Canary Islands who were called by the locals "guanches", "guanchos" or "canarios". There was also one significant early Italian resident by the name of Jorge Burgues.

Who organized the Spanish expedition? {sep_token} What date did the Spanish force the Portuguese to abandon the location? {sep_token} Who was one significant early italian resident? {sep_token}

A TiVo service update in July 2008 allowed the system to search and play YouTube videos. In January 2009, YouTube launched "YouTube for TV", a version of the website tailored for set-top boxes and other TV-based media devices with web browsers, initially allowing its videos to be viewed on the PlayStation 3 and Wii video game consoles. In June 2009, YouTube XL was introduced, which has a simplified interface designed for viewing on a standard television screen. YouTube is also available as an app on Xbox Live. On November 15, 2012, Google launched an official app for the Wii, allowing users to watch YouTube videos from the Wii channel. An app is also available for Wii U and Nintendo 3DS, and videos can be viewed on the Wii U Internet Browser using HTML5. Google made YouTube available on the Roku player on December 17, 2013 and in October 2014, the Sony PlayStation 4.

What service was able to search and play youtube videos as of 2008? {sep_token} What did youtube launch in Jan of 2009? {sep_token} later in 2009 what service replaced youtube for TV {sep_token} Google made youtube streamable on what gaming console in DEC. of 2013? {sep_token} When did youtube finally become available on the Playstation 4? {sep_token}

A Turco-Mongol conqueror in Central Asia, Timur (Tamerlane), attacked the reigning Sultan Nasir-u Din Mehmud of the Tughlaq Dynasty in the north Indian city of Delhi. The Sultan's army was defeated on 17 December 1398. Timur entered Delhi and the city was sacked, destroyed, and left in ruins, after Timur's army had killed and plundered for three days and nights. He ordered the whole city to be sacked except for the sayyids, scholars, and the "other Muslims" (artists); 100,000 war prisoners were put to death in one day. The Sultanate suffered significantly from the sacking of Delhi revived briefly under the Lodi Dynasty, but it was a shadow of the former.

What Turko-Mongol attacked and defeated the Sultan of Tughlaq dynasty? {sep_token} On what date did Timur beat the Delhi Sultan? {sep_token} In what shape did Timur leave the city of Delhi? {sep_token} How many prisoners of war were executed in the sack of Delhi? {sep_token} What were exempted from death by Timur when ordering Delhi sacked? {sep_token}

A UCLA research study published in the June 2006 issue of the American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry found that people can improve cognitive function and brain efficiency through simple lifestyle changes such as incorporating memory exercises, healthy eating, physical fitness and stress reduction into their daily lives. This study examined 17 subjects, (average age 53) with normal memory performance. Eight subjects were asked to follow a "brain healthy" diet, relaxation, physical, and mental exercise (brain teasers and verbal memory training techniques). After 14 days, they showed greater word fluency (not memory) compared to their baseline performance. No long term follow up was conducted, it is therefore unclear if this intervention has lasting effects on memory.

Can one increase their brain efficency? {sep_token} What can a person do to increase their brain efficiency? {sep_token} In a study performed with 17 subjects, what relationship did healthy changes and brain efficiency have? {sep_token} Do lifestyle changes definitely have an affect on long term memory? {sep_token}

A USB packet's end, called EOP (end-of-packet), is indicated by the transmitter driving 2 bit times of SE0 (D+ and D− both below max.) and 1 bit time of J state. After this, the transmitter ceases to drive the D+/D− lines and the aforementioned pull up resistors hold it in the J (idle) state. Sometimes skew due to hubs can add as much as one bit time before the SE0 of the end of packet. This extra bit can also result in a "bit stuff violation" if the six bits before it in the CRC are 1s. This bit should be ignored by receiver.

What is a USB packet's end called? {sep_token} What can skew due to hubs add? {sep_token} What can this extra bit result in? {sep_token}

A Vestal's dress represented her status outside the usual categories that defined Roman women, with elements of both virgin bride and daughter, and Roman matron and wife. Unlike male priests, Vestals were freed of the traditional obligations of marrying and producing children, and were required to take a vow of chastity that was strictly enforced: a Vestal polluted by the loss of her chastity while in office was buried alive. Thus the exceptional honor accorded a Vestal was religious rather than personal or social; her privileges required her to be fully devoted to the performance of her duties, which were considered essential to the security of Rome.

What vow was required of Vestals? {sep_token} How were the Vestals' devotion to Rome's security viewed to be ? {sep_token} What was the punishment for the loss of a Vestal's chastity? {sep_token} What was a Vestal expected to be to her duties? {sep_token} What was the honor granted a Vestal ? {sep_token}

A Yagi-Uda array uses passive elements to greatly increase gain. It is built along a support boom that is pointed toward the signal, and thus sees no induced signal and does not contribute to the antenna's operation. The end closer to the source is referred to as the front. Near the rear is a single active element, typically a half-wave dipole or folded dipole. Passive elements are arranged in front (directors) and behind (reflectors) the active element along the boom. The Yagi has the inherent quality that it becomes increasingly directional, and thus has higher gain, as the number of elements increases. However, this also makes it increasingly sensitive to changes in frequency; if the signal frequency changes, not only does the active element receive less energy directly, but all of the passive elements adding to that signal also decrease their output as well and their signals no longer reach the active element in-phase.

What can take advantage of these elements to add more gain? {sep_token} Does this device improve the operation of the antenna? {sep_token} What is the name for passive elements nearer to the source of the signal? {sep_token} Adding more elements to a Yagi-Uda would have what effect? {sep_token}

A ballot initiative in Colorado, known as Amendment 36, would have changed the way in which the state apportions its electoral votes. Rather than assigning all 9 of the state's electors to the candidate with a plurality of popular votes, under the amendment Colorado would have assigned presidential electors proportionally to the statewide vote count, which would be a unique system (Nebraska and Maine assign electoral votes based on vote totals within each congressional district). Detractors claimed that this splitting would diminish Colorado's influence in the Electoral College, and the amendment ultimately failed, receiving only 34% of the vote.

What action suggested by a state, would have affecting the outcome of the electoral votes? {sep_token} What unique change to the electoral voting process did Colorado suggest should happen? {sep_token} Which two states designated their assigned votes based on their districts? {sep_token} Did everyone agree that Amendment 36 was a good idea? {sep_token} Did Amendment 36 get passed? {sep_token}

A band of Middle Devonian limestone runs west to east from Cremyll to Plymstock including the Hoe. Local limestone may be seen in numerous buildings, walls and pavements throughout Plymouth. To the north and north east of the city is the granite mass of Dartmoor; the granite was mined and exported via Plymouth. Rocks brought down the Tamar from Dartmoor include ores containing tin, copper, tungsten, lead and other minerals. There is evidence that the middle Devonian limestone belt at the south edge of Plymouth and in Plymstock was quarried at West Hoe, Cattedown and Radford.

Middle Devonian limestone exists between Plymstock and what location? {sep_token} What location north of the city possesses granite? {sep_token} What river was used to ferry granite from Dartmoor to Plymouth? {sep_token} Along with West Hoe and Radford, where was Middle Devonian limestone quarried in the region? {sep_token} What local stone was used in the construction of many Plymouth buildings? {sep_token}

A bantam is a small variety of domestic chicken, either a miniature version of a member of a standard breed, or a "true bantam" with no larger counterpart. The name derives from the town of Bantam in Java where European sailors bought the local small chickens for their shipboard supplies. Bantams may be a quarter to a third of the size of standard birds and lay similarly small eggs. They are kept by small-holders and hobbyists for egg production, use as broody hens, ornamental purposes, and showing.

What breed of chicken is named after a town in Java ? {sep_token} How are bantams different from other chickens? {sep_token} Do bantams lay regular sized eggs ? {sep_token} Where are bantams kept? {sep_token}

A bare proton, H+, cannot exist in solution or in ionic crystals, because of its unstoppable attraction to other atoms or molecules with electrons. Except at the high temperatures associated with plasmas, such protons cannot be removed from the electron clouds of atoms and molecules, and will remain attached to them. However, the term 'proton' is sometimes used loosely and metaphorically to refer to positively charged or cationic hydrogen attached to other species in this fashion, and as such is denoted "H+" without any implication that any single protons exist freely as a species.

What is another term for a bare proton? {sep_token}

A belt of massive fortifications was established around the city, most of which still stands today, renamed after French generals and generally classified as Monuments historiques; most notably Fort Roon (now Fort Desaix) and Fort Podbielski (now Fort Ducrot) in Mundolsheim, Fort von Moltke (now Fort Rapp) in Reichstett, Fort Bismarck (now Fort Kléber) in Wolfisheim, Fort Kronprinz (now Fort Foch) in Niederhausbergen, Fort Kronprinz von Sachsen (now Fort Joffre) in Holtzheim and Fort Großherzog von Baden (now Fort Frère) in Oberhausbergen.

What was established around the city? {sep_token} Where is Fort Podbielski located? {sep_token} Where is Fort Bismark located? {sep_token} Where is for Kronprinz von Sachsen located? {sep_token} Where is Fort Roon Located? {sep_token}

A boy who is late for any division or other appointment may be required to sign "Tardy Book", a register kept in the School Office, between 7.35am and 7.45am, every morning for the duration of his sentence (typically three days). Tardy Book may also be issued for late work. For more serious misdeeds, a boy is summoned from his lessons to the Head Master, or Lower Master if the boy is in the lower two years, to talk personally about his misdeeds. This is known as the "Bill". The most serious misdeeds may result in expulsion, or rustication (suspension). Conversely, should a master be more than 15 minutes late for a class, traditionally the pupils might claim it as a "run" and absent themselves for the rest of its duration.

What term is used if a master is more than 15 minutes late to a class? {sep_token} Where is the "Tardy Book" kept? {sep_token} How long is the typical punishment for being tardy? {sep_token} When a boy is summoned to the Head Master, what is the experience called? {sep_token} What is another term for rustication? {sep_token}

A brash boosterism that had typified Melbourne during this time ended in the early 1890s with a severe depression of the city's economy, sending the local finance and property industries into a period of chaos during which 16 small "land banks" and building societies collapsed, and 133 limited companies went into liquidation. The Melbourne financial crisis was a contributing factor in the Australian economic depression of the 1890s and the Australian banking crisis of 1893. The effects of the depression on the city were profound, with virtually no new construction until the late 1890s.

When did severe depression hit Melbourne's city? {sep_token} What went into liquidation in Melbourne around the 1890's? {sep_token} When did new construction start in Melbourne? {sep_token} When did Australia have a banking crisis? {sep_token} During what decade did Melbourne suffer a sever economic depression? {sep_token} How many limited companies went into liquidation during the 1890s depression in Melbourne? {sep_token} How many "land banks" and building societies collapsed during the 1890s depression in Melbourne? {sep_token} The Melbourne financial crisis was a contributing factor to what banking crisis in 1893? {sep_token} When did new construction start to reimerge after the early 1890s depression in Melbourne? {sep_token}

A brewery tap is the nearest outlet for a brewery's beers. This is usually a room or bar in the brewery itself, though the name may be applied to the nearest pub. The term is not applied to a brewpub which brews and sells its beer on the same premises.

What is the closest outlet for a brewery's beers called? {sep_token} If the brewery tap is not located in the brewery, where is it usually located? {sep_token} What is the term for a pub that brews and sells its own beer? {sep_token}

A brief shoot at London's City Hall was filmed on 18 April 2015, while Mendes was on location. On 17 May 2015 filming took place on the Thames in London. Stunt scenes involving Craig and Seydoux on a speedboat as well as a low flying helicopter near Westminster Bridge were shot at night, with filming temporarily closing both Westminster and Lambeth Bridges. Scenes were also shot on the river near MI6's headquarters at Vauxhall Cross. The crew returned to the river less than a week later to film scenes solely set on Westminster Bridge. The London Fire Brigade was on set to simulate rain as well as monitor smoke used for filming. Craig, Seydoux, and Waltz, as well as Harris and Fiennes, were seen being filmed. Prior to this, scenes involving Fiennes were shot at a restaurant in Covent Garden. Filming then took place in Trafalgar Square. In early June, the crew, as well as Craig, Seydoux, and Waltz, returned to the Thames for a final time to continue filming scenes previously shot on the river.

Which bridges were shut down because of filming? {sep_token} Which organization provided water for weather effects? {sep_token} Which river was used in some of the shoots taking place in London? {sep_token} Where is MI6 based? {sep_token} Filming closed which two bridges in London? {sep_token} Who helped the filmakers simulate rain while shooting in London? {sep_token} Where were the scenes of Ralph Fiennes in a restaurant shot? {sep_token} Where stunt scenes on the Thames shot during the day or the night? {sep_token}

A broad operational definition is sometimes used to encompass the complexity of these diverse phenomena, where a gene is defined as a union of genomic sequences encoding a coherent set of potentially overlapping functional products. This definition categorizes genes by their functional products (proteins or RNA) rather than their specific DNA loci, with regulatory elements classified as gene-associated regions.

What sort of definition can be used to conveniently encompass the complexity of diverse phenomena? {sep_token} What is the broad operational definition of a gene? {sep_token} What does the typical definition of a gene categorize genes by? {sep_token} What does the broad operational definition of gene categorize genes by? {sep_token} What does the broad operational definition of a gene classify as gene-associated regions? {sep_token}

A broad way of defining adolescence is the transition from child-to-adulthood. According to Hogan & Astone (1986), this transition can include markers such as leaving school, starting a full-time job, leaving the home of origin, getting married, and becoming a parent for the first time. However, the time frame of this transition varies drastically by culture. In some countries, such as the United States, adolescence can last nearly a decade, but in others, the transition—often in the form of a ceremony—can last for only a few days.

The transition from child-to-adulthood can be broadly defined as what? {sep_token} How long does the United States believe adolescence lasts? {sep_token} Does the time frame of adolescence vary from culture to culture or remain universally agreed upon? {sep_token} Leaving school, starting a full-time job, getting married, and becoming a parent for the first time are markers in what stage of one's development, according to Hogan & Astone? {sep_token}

A browser extension is a computer program that extends the functionality of a web browser. Every major web browser supports the development of browser extensions.

A computer program that continues the functionality of a browser is called what? {sep_token}

A cabinet of coins is the Münzkabinett der TUI-AG. The Polizeigeschichtliche Sammlung Niedersachsen is the largest police museum in Germany. Textiles from all over the world can be visited in the Museum for textile art. The EXPOseeum is the museum of the world-exhibition "EXPO 2000 Hannover". Carpets and objects from the orient can be visited in the Oriental Carpet Museum. The Blind Man Museum is a rarity in Germany, another one is only in Berlin. The Museum of veterinary medicine is unique in Germany. The Museum for Energy History describes the 150 years old history of the application of energy. The Home Museum Ahlem shows the history of the district of Ahlem. The Mahn- und Gedenkstätte Ahlem describes the history of the Jewish people in Hanover and the Stiftung Ahlers Pro Arte / Kestner Pro Arte shows modern art. Modern art is also the main topic of the Kunsthalle Faust, the Nord/LB Art Gellery and of the Foro Artistico / Eisfabrik.

What is the Münzkabinett der TUI-AG? {sep_token} What is the name of the largest police museum in Germany? {sep_token} Where can you find carpets and objects from the orient? {sep_token} Other than in Hanover, where else can you find a Blind Man Museum? {sep_token} What is the main topic of the Kunsthalle Faust? {sep_token}

A capacitor (originally known as a condenser) is a passive two-terminal electrical component used to store electrical energy temporarily in an electric field. The forms of practical capacitors vary widely, but all contain at least two electrical conductors (plates) separated by a dielectric (i.e. an insulator that can store energy by becoming polarized). The conductors can be thin films, foils or sintered beads of metal or conductive electrolyte, etc. The nonconducting dielectric acts to increase the capacitor's charge capacity. Materials commonly used as dielectrics include glass, ceramic, plastic film, air, vacuum, paper, mica, and oxide layers. Capacitors are widely used as parts of electrical circuits in many common electrical devices. Unlike a resistor, an ideal capacitor does not dissipate energy. Instead, a capacitor stores energy in the form of an electrostatic field between its plates.

What was a capacitor originally known as? {sep_token} How many electrical conductors, or plates, do all capacitors contain at a minimum? {sep_token} What is the name of the insulator in all capacitors that can store energy by becoming polarized? {sep_token} In what form does a capacitor store energy? {sep_token} Where is the energy stored by a capacitor located? {sep_token}

A capacitor consists of two conductors separated by a non-conductive region. The non-conductive region is called the dielectric. In simpler terms, the dielectric is just an electrical insulator. Examples of dielectric media are glass, air, paper, vacuum, and even a semiconductor depletion region chemically identical to the conductors. A capacitor is assumed to be self-contained and isolated, with no net electric charge and no influence from any external electric field. The conductors thus hold equal and opposite charges on their facing surfaces, and the dielectric develops an electric field. In SI units, a capacitance of one farad means that one coulomb of charge on each conductor causes a voltage of one volt across the device.

What type of area is between the two conductors in a capacitor? {sep_token} What is the name given to the area between two conductors in a capacitor? {sep_token} What net electric charge are capacitors assumed to have? {sep_token} What type of charges do conductors hold on their facing surfaces? {sep_token} What region within a capacitor develops an electric field? {sep_token}

A cappella [a kapˈpɛlla] (Italian for "in the manner of the chapel") music is specifically group or solo singing without instrumental accompaniment, or a piece intended to be performed in this way. It contrasts with cantata, which is accompanied singing. The term "a cappella" was originally intended to differentiate between Renaissance polyphony and Baroque concertato style. In the 19th century a renewed interest in Renaissance polyphony coupled with an ignorance of the fact that vocal parts were often doubled by instrumentalists led to the term coming to mean unaccompanied vocal music. The term is also used, albeit rarely, as a synonym for alla breve.

What does A cappella mean in the Italian language? {sep_token} What is another term occasionally used to refer to A cappella? {sep_token} At what point did Renaissance polyphony become popular again? {sep_token} How is A cappella currently defined? {sep_token} A cappella was originally used to tell the difference between which two styles? {sep_token}

A cappella has been used as the sole orchestration for original works of musical theater that have had commercial runs Off-Broadway (theaters in New York City with 99 to 500 seats) only four times. The first was Avenue X which opened on 28 January 1994 and ran for 77 performances. It was produced by Playwrights Horizons with book by John Jiler, music and lyrics by Ray Leslee. The musical style of the show's score was primarily Doo-Wop as the plot revolved around Doo-Wop group singers of the 1960s.

How many works of a cappella in musical theater have been successful in Off-Broadway productions? {sep_token} What was the name of the a cappella musical that first opened 28 January 1994? {sep_token} What time period was Avenue X set in? {sep_token} What was the final number of performances in Avenue X's original run? {sep_token} Who was responsible for the lyrics of Avenue X? {sep_token}

A cappella is gaining popularity among South Asians with the emergence of primarily Hindi-English College groups. The first South Asian a cappella group was Penn Masala, founded in 1996 at the University of Pennsylvania. Co-ed South Asian a cappella groups are also gaining in popularity. The first co-ed south Asian a cappella was Anokha, from the University of Maryland, formed in 2001. Also, Dil se, another co-ed a cappella from UC Berkeley, hosts the "Anahat" competition at the University of California, Berkeley annually. Maize Mirchi, the co-ed a cappella group from the University of Michigan hosts "Sa Re Ga Ma Pella", an annual South Asian a cappella invitational with various groups from the Midwest.

Whas is the name of the ethnic a capella group founded at the University of Pennsylvania in 1996? {sep_token} Among which group is a capella becoming more prominent? {sep_token} What is the name of the first South Asian a capella group to accept both men and women? {sep_token} What a capella competition is hosted at UC Berkeley? {sep_token} What group hosts the a capella competition "Sa Re Ga Ma Pella"? {sep_token}

A cappella music was originally used in religious music, especially church music as well as anasheed and zemirot. Gregorian chant is an example of a cappella singing, as is the majority of secular vocal music from the Renaissance. The madrigal, up until its development in the early Baroque into an instrumentally-accompanied form, is also usually in a cappella form. Jewish and Christian music were originally a cappella,[citation needed] and this practice has continued in both of these religions as well as in Islam.

What form of music was A cappella predominately used for in its early years? {sep_token} What was considered part of A cappella until the Baroque period? {sep_token} The madrigal became what type of form that prevented it from being accompanied with A cappella? {sep_token} In what era was most of the vocal music considered A cappella? {sep_token}

A cardinal (Latin: sanctae romanae ecclesiae cardinalis, literally cardinal of the Holy Roman Church) is a senior ecclesiastical leader, an ecclesiastical prince, and usually (now always for those created when still within the voting age-range) an ordained bishop of the Roman Catholic Church. The cardinals of the Church are collectively known as the College of Cardinals. The duties of the cardinals include attending the meetings of the College and making themselves available individually or in groups to the Pope as requested. Most have additional duties, such as leading a diocese or archdiocese or managing a department of the Roman Curia. A cardinal's primary duty is electing the pope when the see becomes vacant. During the sede vacante (the period between a pope's death or resignation and the election of his successor), the day-to-day governance of the Holy See is in the hands of the College of Cardinals. The right to enter the conclave of cardinals where the pope is elected is limited to those who have not reached the age of 80 years by the day the vacancy occurs.

The entire group of cardinals is known as what? {sep_token}

A cardinal who is not a bishop is still entitled to wear and use the episcopal vestments and other pontificalia (episcopal regalia: mitre, crozier, zucchetto, pectoral cross and ring). Even if not a bishop, any cardinal has both actual and honorary precedence over non-cardinal patriarchs, as well as the archbishops and bishops who are not cardinals, but he cannot perform the functions reserved solely to bishops, such as ordination. The prominent priests who since 1962 were not ordained bishops on their elevation to the cardinalate were over the age of 80 or near to it, and so no cardinal who was not a bishop has participated in recent papal conclaves.

A cardinal who does not hold the title of "bishop" may not do what? {sep_token} Cardinals who were not bishops have been promoted to Cardinal around the age of 80 since what year? {sep_token}

A census of sea life carried out during the International Polar Year and which involved some 500 researchers was released in 2010. The research is part of the global Census of Marine Life (CoML) and has disclosed some remarkable findings. More than 235 marine organisms live in both polar regions, having bridged the gap of 12,000 km (7,456 mi). Large animals such as some cetaceans and birds make the round trip annually. More surprising are small forms of life such as mudworms, sea cucumbers and free-swimming snails found in both polar oceans. Various factors may aid in their distribution – fairly uniform temperatures of the deep ocean at the poles and the equator which differ by no more than 5 °C, and the major current systems or marine conveyor belt which transport eggs and larval stages.

Part of what study is the census of Antarctic marine life? {sep_token} When was the census of sea life carried out in Antarctica? {sep_token} How many sea animals live in Earth's polar regions? {sep_token} Besides birds, what large animals travel from one pole to the other? {sep_token} What is the amount of difference in temperature in the deep ocean? {sep_token}

A central teaching of Jehovah's Witnesses is that the current world era, or "system of things", entered the "last days" in 1914 and faces imminent destruction through intervention by God and Jesus Christ, leading to deliverance for those who worship God acceptably. They consider all other present-day religions to be false, identifying them with "Babylon the Great", or the "harlot", of Revelation 17, and believe that they will soon be destroyed by the United Nations, which they believe is represented in scripture by the scarlet-colored wild beast of Revelation chapter 17. This development will mark the beginning of the "great tribulation". Satan will subsequently attack Jehovah's Witnesses, an action that will prompt God to begin the war of Armageddon, during which all forms of government and all people not counted as Christ's "sheep", or true followers, will be destroyed. After Armageddon, God will extend his heavenly kingdom to include earth, which will be transformed into a paradise similar to the Garden of Eden. After Armageddon, most of those who had died before God's intervention will gradually be resurrected during "judgment day" lasting for one thousand years. This judgment will be based on their actions after resurrection rather than past deeds. At the end of the thousand years, Christ will hand all authority back to God. Then a final test will take place when Satan is released to mislead perfect mankind. Those who fail will be destroyed, along with Satan and his demons. The end result will be a fully tested, glorified human race.

One of Jehovah Witnesses' central teachings is that the world entered into its last days at what year? {sep_token} What do Jehovah Witnesses consider all other present day religions to be? {sep_token} Who do Jehovah Witnesses think is out to destroy them? {sep_token} Who needs to attack Jehovah Witnesses for God to begin the war of Armageddon? {sep_token} What will be the end result of God's kingdom? {sep_token}

A charity is a nonprofit organisation that meets stricter criteria regarding its purpose and the method in which it makes decisions and reports its finances. For example, a charity is generally not allowed to pay its Trustees. In England and Wales, charities may be registered with the Charity Commission. In Scotland, the Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator serves the same function. Other organizations which are classified as nonprofit organizations elsewhere, such as trade unions, are subject to separate regulations, and are not regarded as "charities" in the technical sense.

What is the definition of a charity? {sep_token} Where are charity organizations registered in England and Wales? {sep_token} Where would an NPO or charity organization register in Scotland? {sep_token} What is one of the contraints of an NPO with regards to assets? {sep_token} Is a trade union governed by the Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator? {sep_token}

A climbing elevator is a self-ascending elevator with its own propulsion. The propulsion can be done by an electric or a combustion engine. Climbing elevators are used in guyed masts or towers, in order to make easy access to parts of these constructions, such as flight safety lamps for maintenance. An example would be the Moonlight towers in Austin, Texas, where the elevator holds only one person and equipment for maintenance. The Glasgow Tower — an observation tower in Glasgow, Scotland — also makes use of two climbing elevators.

What defines a climbing elevator? {sep_token} What settings are climbing elevators used in? {sep_token} What is the Glasgow Tower? {sep_token} How is the propulsion powered in a climbing elevator? {sep_token}

A collector of film memorabilia, Spielberg purchased a balsa Rosebud sled from Citizen Kane (1941) in 1982. He bought Orson Welles's own directorial copy of the script for the radio broadcast The War of the Worlds (1938) in 1994. Spielberg has purchased Academy Award statuettes being sold on the open market and donated them to the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, to prevent their further commercial exploitation. His donations include the Oscars that Bette Davis received for Dangerous (1935) and Jezebel (1938), and Clark Gable's Oscar for It Happened One Night (1934).

When was Citizen Kane released? {sep_token} When was 'The War of the Worlds' radio broadcast? {sep_token} When did Spielberg buy a sled from Citizen Kane? {sep_token} When did Spielberg buy Orson Welles' personal script copy from 'The War of the Worlds'? {sep_token} What does Spielberg do with Academy Awards he buys? {sep_token}

A combination of urban and suburban development, the West Side is generally defined as the area west of I-10. Western Tucson encompasses the banks of the Santa Cruz River and the foothills of the Tucson Mountains, and includes the International Wildlife Museum, Sentinel Peak, and the Marriott Starr Pass Resort & Spa, located in the wealthy enclave known as Starr Pass. Moving past the Tucson Mountains, travelers find themselves in the area commonly referred to as "west of" Tucson or "Old West Tucson". A large undulating plain extending south into the Altar Valley, rural residential development predominates, but here you will also find major attractions including Saguaro National Park West, the Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum, and the Old Tucson Studios movie set/theme park.

What interstate is the West side west of? {sep_token} What is the name of the movie set in Old West Tuscon? {sep_token} What is the name of the national park in Old West Tuscon? {sep_token} What is the museum in Old West Tuscon? {sep_token} The Marriott Starr Pass Resort & Spa is located where? {sep_token} What part of Tucson is considered the West Side? {sep_token} What museum is in Western Tucson? {sep_token} What resort is in Western Tucson? {sep_token} What neighborhood is the Marriott Starr Pass Resort & Spa in? {sep_token} What theme park is in Old West Tucson? {sep_token}

A combined UN civilian and peace-keeping force called UNTAG (United Nations Transition Assistance Group) under Finnish diplomat Martti Ahtisaari was deployed from April 1989 to March 1990 to monitor the peace process, elections and supervise military withdrawals. As UNTAG began to deploy peacekeepers, military observers, police, and political workers, hostilities were briefly renewed on the day the transition process was supposed to begin. After a new round of negotiations, a second date was set and the elections process began in earnest. After the return of SWAPO exiles (over 46,000 exiles), Namibia's first one-person one-vote elections for the constitutional assembly took place in November 1989. The official election slogan was "Free and Fair Elections". This was won by SWAPO although it did not gain the two-thirds majority it had hoped for; the South African-backed Democratic Turnhalle Alliance (DTA) became the official opposition. The elections were peaceful and declared free and fair.

What does UNTAG stand for? {sep_token} Who was the diplomat for UNTAG? {sep_token} When was the diplomat for UNTAG deployed to supervise withdrawals from Namibia? {sep_token} What nationality was the diplomat in UNTAG? {sep_token} What was the official election slogan in the first Namibia election? {sep_token}