sileod/deberta-v3-small-tasksource-nli
Zero-Shot Classification
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stringclasses 9
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Music | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "Ives was born in Danbury, Connecticut, on October 20, 1874, the son of George (Edward) Ives was born in Danbury, Connecticut, on October 20, 1874, the son of George (Edward) Ives (August 3, 1845 – November 4, 1894), a U.S. Army bandleader in the American Civil War, and his wife, Mary Elizabeth (Parmelee) Ives (January 2, 1849 or 1850 – January 25, 1929)."
}
] | 004YjNLLKVjVpWrr8n0L | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Charles Edward Ives (; October 20, 1874 – May 19, 1954) was an American modernist composer, one of the first American composers of international renown."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "While there, he championed Ives's music."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Ives's work is regularly programmed in Europe."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Planet Arts Records released Mists: Charles Ives for Jazz Orchestra."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Bernstein continued to conduct Ives's music and made a number of recordings with the Philharmonic for Columbia Records."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "Ives was born in Danbury, Connecticut, on October 20, 1874, the son of George (Edward) Ives was born in Danbury, Connecticut, on October 20, 1874, the son of George (Edward) Ives (August 3, 1845 – November 4, 1894), a U.S. Army bandleader in the American Civil War, and his wife, Mary Elizabeth (Parmelee) Ives (January 2, 1849 or 1850 – January 25, 1929)."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Ives's piano recordings were later issued in 1974 by Columbia Records on a special LP set for his centenary."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "Charles got his influences by sitting in the Danbury town square and listening to his father's marching band and other bands on other sides of the square simultaneously."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "In 1899, Ives moved to employment with the insurance agency Charles H. Raymond & Co., where he stayed until 1906."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "His widow, who died in 1969 at age 92, bequeathed the royalties from his music to the American Academy of Arts and Letters for the Charles Ives Prize."
}
] | Charles Edward Ives's dad was in the military. | 0 | 0 | Charles Ives |
Literature | 2 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the second and only surviving part of a now otherwise lost trilogy that won the first prize at the dramatic competitions in Athens' City Dionysia festival in 472 BC, with Pericles serving as choregos."
}
] | 00Jrhlpaislnh0pZktbq | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Place in Aeschylus' work",
"text": "Given Aeschylus' propensity for writing connected trilogies, the theme of divine retribution may connect the three."
},
{
"section_header": "Place in Aeschylus' work",
"text": "The satyr play following the trilogy was Prometheus Pyrkaeus, translated as either Prometheus the Fire-lighter or Prometheus"
},
{
"section_header": "Place in Aeschylus' work",
"text": "The first play in the trilogy, called Phineus, presumably dealt with Jason and the Argonauts' rescue of King Phineus from the torture that the monstrous harpies inflicted at the behest of Zeus."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the second and only surviving part of a now otherwise lost trilogy that won the first prize at the dramatic competitions in Athens' City Dionysia festival in 472 BC, with Pericles serving as choregos."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He tells of the Persian defeat, the names of the Persian generals who have been killed, and that Xerxes had escaped and is returning."
},
{
"section_header": "Discussion",
"text": "Interpretations of Persians either read the play as sympathetic toward the defeated Persians or else as a celebration of Greek victory within the context of an ongoing war."
},
{
"section_header": "Subsequent production history",
"text": "Wah!'\" (1026–28).The Persians was popular in the Roman Empire and Byzantine Empire, who also fought wars with the Persians, and its popularity has endured in modern Greece."
},
{
"section_header": "Subsequent production history",
"text": "In it, he has Aeschylus describe The Persians as \"an effective sermon on the will to win."
},
{
"section_header": "Place in Aeschylus' work",
"text": "Aeschylus himself had fought the Persians at Marathon (490 BC)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "On learning of the Persian defeat, Darius condemns the hubris behind his son's decision to invade Greece."
}
] | The Persians is the only story remaining from a trilogy. | 0 | 3 | The Persians |
Popular Culture | 1 | [
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "In court, Adela is questioned by the prosecution; it becomes clear to her that her earlier signed accusation of attempted rape was incorrect and she recants."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Aziz eventually reconciles with Fielding, and Aziz writes to Adela asking her to forgive him for taking so long to come to appreciate the courage she exercised when she withdrew her accusation in court."
}
] | 01NpNxzAgPbyARXatIVl | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The screenplay is based on the 1960 play of the same name by Santha Rama Rau, which was in turn based on the 1924 novel of the same name by E.M. Forster."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "Instead he used the hills of Savandurga and Ramadevarabetta some tens of kilometers from Bangalore, where much of the principal filming took place; small cave entrances were carved out by the production company."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Background",
"text": "had read the novel and saw the play in London in 1960, and, impressed, attempted to purchase the rights at that time, but Forster, who rejected Santha Rama Rau's suggestion to allow Indian film director Satyajit Ray to make a film, said no."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "Though [Lean] has made A Passage to India both less mysterious and more cryptic than the book, the film remains a wonderfully provocative tale, full of vivid characters, all played to near perfection."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "In March 1981, Brabourne and Goodwin obtained the rights to make a film adaptation of A Passage to India."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Writing",
"text": "She had met with E. M. Forster, had successfully adapted A Passage to India as a play, and had been charged by the author with preserving the spirit of the novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A Passage to India is a 1984 epic historical drama film written, directed and edited by David Lean."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "So it was another 10 years before the Forster estate arranged the sale of film rights.\" Lindsay Anderson later claimed he turned down a chance to direct the film of the novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "The Marabar Caves are based on the Barabar Caves, some 35 km north of Gaya, in Bihar."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Financing",
"text": "The films were A Passage to India (1984), Morons from Outer Space, Dreamchild, Wild Geese II and The Holcroft Covenant (all 1985)."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "In court, Adela is questioned by the prosecution; it becomes clear to her that her earlier signed accusation of attempted rape was incorrect and she recants."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Aziz eventually reconciles with Fielding, and Aziz writes to Adela asking her to forgive him for taking so long to come to appreciate the courage she exercised when she withdrew her accusation in court."
}
] | The film, A Passage to India, is based on a 1960 play and the film is about girl being arranged to her suitor but marries her assaulter instead. | 1 | 1 | A Passage to India (film) |
Music | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Kaikhosru Shapurji Sorabji (born Leon Dudley Sorabji; 14 August 1892 – 15 October 1988) was an English composer, music critic, pianist and writer."
}
] | 01aRI4PnzD56zNVYCkTm | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early years",
"text": "Kaikhosru Shapurji Sorabji was born Leon Dudley Sorabji in Chingford, Essex (now Greater London), on 14 August 1892."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Kaikhosru Shapurji Sorabji (born Leon Dudley Sorabji; 14 August 1892 – 15 October 1988) was an English composer, music critic, pianist and writer."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Ban and seclusion",
"text": "why. After the First World War, he praised conscientious objectors for their courage, but there is no proof he tried to register as one."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Ban and seclusion",
"text": "In spite of all this, the 1930s marked an especially fertile period in Sorabji's career."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Mystique and fabrications",
"text": "He also claimed his mother had been a singer, yet little evidence for her stage career has been found."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Family and finances",
"text": "There is little evidence that Shapurji Sorabji, the composer's father, lived with his family."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early years",
"text": "Warlock inspired Sorabji to become a music critic and focus on composition, and his letters convinced him to avoid a university setting."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Family and finances",
"text": "Shapurji Sorabji died in Bad Nauheim, Germany, on 7 July 1932."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Family and finances",
"text": "Soon after arriving, they learned that Shapurji Sorabji had been living with another woman since around 1909 and had married her in 1929."
},
{
"section_header": "Writings | Books and music criticism",
"text": "Sorabji first expressed interest in becoming a music critic in 1914, and he started contributing criticism to The New Age in 1924, after it had published some of his letters to the editor."
}
] | Prior to his political career, Kaikhosru Shapurji Sorabji tried to become an actor. | 0 | 0 | Kaikhosru Shapurji Sorabji |
History | 5 | [
{
"section_header": "Cultural legacy | Emergence as a legend",
"text": "However, because the real Boone was a man of few words, Filson invented florid, philosophical dialogue for this \"autobiography\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural legacy | Emergence as a legend",
"text": "Subsequent editors cut some of these passages and replaced them with more plausible—but still spurious—ones."
}
] | 01iYDpWExJ9D7fomM6iW | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Only one of the original panels still exists."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural legacy",
"text": "Daniel Boone remains an iconic figure in American history, although his status as an early American folk hero and later as a subject of fiction have tended to obscure the actual details of his life."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural legacy | Symbol and stereotype",
"text": "\" Boone was transformed in the popular imagination into someone who regarded Indians with contempt and had killed scores of the \"savages\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "frontiersman whose frontier exploits made him one of the first folk heroes of the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural legacy | Emergence as a legend",
"text": "Often reprinted, Filson's book established Boone as one of the first popular heroes of the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Businessman and politician from the Ohio River valley",
"text": "According to the later folk image, Boone the trailblazer was too unsophisticated for the civilization which followed him and which eventually defrauded him of his land."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural legacy | Symbol and stereotype",
"text": "In the 19th century, when Native Americans were being displaced from their lands and confined on reservations, Boone's image was often reshaped into the stereotype of the belligerent, Indian-hating frontiersman which was then popular."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural legacy | In fiction",
"text": "That Boone could be portrayed the same way as Crockett, another American frontiersman with a very different personality, was another example of how Boone's image was reshaped to suit popular tastes."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural legacy | In fiction",
"text": "After Cooper, other writers developed the Western hero, an iconic figure which began as a variation of Daniel Boone."
},
{
"section_header": "Yadkin River Valley, North Carolina",
"text": "He was often the only literate person in groups of frontiersmen."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural legacy | Emergence as a legend",
"text": "However, because the real Boone was a man of few words, Filson invented florid, philosophical dialogue for this \"autobiography\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural legacy | Emergence as a legend",
"text": "Subsequent editors cut some of these passages and replaced them with more plausible—but still spurious—ones."
}
] | The original work that popularized Daniel Boone as a folk hero was composed mostly of blatant lies regarding the man's personality, and was later edited to be less blatant, but still patently untrue. | 3 | 7 | Daniel Boone |
Literature | 1 | [
{
"section_header": "Authorship",
"text": "The exact identity of the author of Le Morte d'Arthur has long been the subject of speculation, owing to the fact that at least six historical figures bore the name of \"Sir Thomas Malory\" in the late 15th century."
}
] | 01kX7Hxdvtis0EhXhCoE | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Until the discovery of the Winchester Manuscript in 1934, the 1485 edition was considered the earliest known text of Le Morte d'Arthur and that closest to Malory's original version."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Commentary",
"text": "Glossary to Le Morte d'Arthur at Glossary to Book 1 and Glossary to Book 2 (PDF) Lugodoc's Guide to Malory's Le Morte d'Arthur"
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | The work itself",
"text": "Malory's Le Morte D'Arthur: King Arthur and Legends of the Round Table."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Today, this is one of the best-known works of Arthurian literature."
},
{
"section_header": "History and sources",
"text": "The publication of Chaucer's work by Caxton was a precursor to his publication of Malory's Le Morte d'Arthur."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | The work itself",
"text": "Le Morte d'Arthur. Le Morte d'Arthur. Ed. Matthews, John (2000)."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern versions and adaptations",
"text": "Keith Baines published a modernized English version in 1962 as Malory's Le Morte d'Arthur."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | The work itself",
"text": "Le Morte Darthur: Sir Thomas Malory's Book of King Arthur and of his Noble Knights of the Round Table,."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | The work itself",
"text": "Le Morte Darthur by Sir Thomas Malory."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Commentary",
"text": "Malory's Morte d'Arthur and Style of the Morte d'Arthur, selections by Alice D. Greenwood with bibliography from the Cambridge History of English Literature."
},
{
"section_header": "Authorship",
"text": "The exact identity of the author of Le Morte d'Arthur has long been the subject of speculation, owing to the fact that at least six historical figures bore the name of \"Sir Thomas Malory\" in the late 15th century."
}
] | The writer of Le Morte d'Arthur is widely known as the one and only 'Sir Thomas Malory'. | 1 | 2 | Le Morte d'Arthur |
Sports | 6 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Nicknamed the \"Man of Steal\", he is widely regarded as baseball's greatest leadoff hitter and baserunner."
}
] | 026zR24Z0VzygHCZW19A | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Image and personality",
"text": "\"Henderson was known for referring to himself in the third person."
},
{
"section_header": "Image and personality",
"text": "Rickey says it when Rickey doesn't do what Rickey needs to be doing."
},
{
"section_header": "Image and personality",
"text": "Rickey uses it to remind himself, like, 'Rickey,"
},
{
"section_header": "Image and personality",
"text": "In 2003, he discussed his unusual phraseology, saying, \"People are always saying, 'Rickey says Rickey.'"
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Rickey Henderson is a run, man."
},
{
"section_header": "Major leagues | New York Yankees (1985–1989)",
"text": "You ought to be ashamed. Rickey would have 60 at the break.'"
},
{
"section_header": "Image and personality",
"text": "What are you talking about? Rickey got 16, 17 years."
},
{
"section_header": "Image and personality",
"text": "Calling on behalf of Rickey. Rickey wants to play baseball.\" However, Henderson denied that this happened in a February 26, 2009, interview on Mike and Mike in the Morning."
},
{
"section_header": "Major leagues | New York Yankees (1985–1989)",
"text": "Henderson here.' I say, 'Hey, what's going on, Rickey?'"
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "That's it. When you see Rickey Henderson, I don't care when, the score's already"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Nicknamed the \"Man of Steal\", he is widely regarded as baseball's greatest leadoff hitter and baserunner."
}
] | Rickey was referred to as "Man of Plates". | 2 | 8 | Rickey Henderson |
Popular Culture | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It has been translated into at least 73 other languages, and has been made into a feature-length film of the same name, as have all six of its sequels."
}
] | 0294HSDNMeQWSQ2JA2wJ | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The first novel in the Harry Potter series and Rowling's debut novel"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone is a fantasy novel written by British author J. K. Rowling."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, along with the rest of the Harry Potter series, has been attacked by some religious groups and banned in some countries because of accusations that the novels promote witchcraft under the guise of a heroic, moral story."
},
{
"section_header": "Development, publication and reception | Publication and reception in the United Kingdom",
"text": "She described Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone as \"a hugely entertaining thriller\" and Rowling as \"a first-rate writer for children\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Film version",
"text": "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone was released in London on 14 November 2001."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Uses in education and business",
"text": "Stephen Brown noted that the early Harry Potter books, especially Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, were a runaway success despite inadequate and poorly organised marketing."
},
{
"section_header": "Development, publication and reception | Translations",
"text": "By mid-2008, official translations of the book had been published in 67 languages."
},
{
"section_header": "Development, publication and reception | Development",
"text": "Rowling spent six years working on Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, and after it was accepted by Bloomsbury, she obtained a grant of £8,000 from the Scottish Arts Council, which enabled her to plan the sequels."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Illustrated version",
"text": "An illustrated version of Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone was released on October 6, 2015, with illustrations by Jim Kay."
},
{
"section_header": "Development, publication and reception | Translations",
"text": "By November 2017, the book had been translated into 80 languages, the 80th being Lowland Scots."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It has been translated into at least 73 other languages, and has been made into a feature-length film of the same name, as have all six of its sequels."
}
] | The first novel in the Harry Potter series by J.K. Rowling Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone has been translated into over a hundred languages. | 0 | 0 | Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone |
Science | 3 | [
{
"section_header": "Honours, tributes",
"text": "In the film, Marie Curie was played by Isabelle Huppert."
}
] | 02B8R7pjm8VkENqGIQlu | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Honours, tributes",
"text": "In 1997, a French film about Pierre and Marie Curie was released, Les Palmes de M. Schutz."
},
{
"section_header": "Honours, tributes",
"text": "In the film, Marie Curie was played by Isabelle Huppert."
},
{
"section_header": "Honours, tributes",
"text": "Marie Curie has been the subject of several biographical films: Greer Garson and Walter Pidgeon starred in the 1943 U.S. Oscar-nominated film, Madame Curie, based on her life."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | New life in Paris",
"text": "Pierre Curie was an instructor at The City of Paris Industrial Physics and Chemistry Higher Educational Institution (École supérieure de physique et de chimie industrielles de la ville de Paris [ESPCI])."
},
{
"section_header": "Honours, tributes",
"text": "Curie has also been portrayed by Susan Marie Frontczak in her play Manya: The Living History of Marie Curie, a one-woman show performed in 30 U.S. states and nine countries, by 2014.Curie's likeness also has appeared on banknotes, stamps and coins around the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Honours, tributes",
"text": "Two museums are devoted to Marie Curie."
},
{
"section_header": "Honours, tributes",
"text": "It was adapted from a play of the same name."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Nobel Prizes",
"text": "Marie Curie was the first woman to be awarded a Nobel Prize."
},
{
"section_header": "Honours, tributes",
"text": "In 1987 Françoise Giroud wrote Marie Curie: A Life."
},
{
"section_header": "Honours, tributes",
"text": "Marie Curie: The Courage of Knowledge was produced internationally in Europe and released in 2016."
}
] | In the film Les Pames de M. Schutz, Marie Curie was played by Zofia Curie. | 2 | 5 | Maria Skłodowska-Curie |
Sports | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ford is a ten-time MLB All-Star and six-time World Series champion."
}
] | 02EZaRtVjnV1e1XrNEHl | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1974."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and honors",
"text": "1974, Ford and Mickey Mantle were both elected to baseball's Hall of Fame; at that time, the Yankees retired his number 16."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ford is a ten-time MLB All-Star and six-time World Series champion."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and honors",
"text": "The north-central area of Mississauga is known informally as \"the baseball zone\", as several streets in the area are named for hall-of-fame baseball players."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Pitching career | World Series and All-Star Games",
"text": "The record eventually reached 33⅔, although MLB rule makers retroactively reduced the record to 33 innings since Ford did not complete a full inning before allowing the streak-ending run."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Pitching career | World Series and All-Star Games",
"text": "Ford also leads all starters in World Series losses (8) and starts (22), as well as innings, hits, walks, and strikeouts."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Pitching career | World Series and All-Star Games",
"text": "In 1961, he broke Babe Ruth's World Series record of 29⅔ consecutive scoreless innings."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and honors",
"text": "2003, Ford was inducted into the Nassau County Sports Hall of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Edward Charles \"Whitey\" Ford (born October 21, 1928), nicknamed \"The Chairman of the Board\", is an American former professional baseball pitcher who played his entire 16-year Major League Baseball (MLB) career with the New York Yankees."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Pitching career | World Series and All-Star Games",
"text": "Ford won the 1961 World Series MVP."
}
] | Whitey Ford was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1974 after being a a ten-time MLB All-Star and six-time World Series champion. | 0 | 0 | Whitey Ford |
Popular Culture | 7 | [
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "The show's pilot episode premiered on September 24, 2007."
}
] | 02W6qclhxQLZaG9oXzu0 | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Reception | UK distribution and ratings",
"text": "For each following season, all episodes were shown first-run on E4, with episodes only aired on the main channel in a repeat capacity, usually on a weekend morning."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "The show's pilot episode premiered on September 24, 2007."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "The show premiered on September 24, 2007, and was picked up for a full 22-episode season on October 19, 2007."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | UK distribution and ratings",
"text": "The first part began airing on December 17, 2009, at 9:00 p.m. while the second part, containing the remaining eleven episodes, began airing in the same time period from May 6, 2010."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "The reworked second pilot led to a 13-episode order by CBS on May 14, 2007."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | U.S. ratings",
"text": "The sixth season boasts some of the highest-rated episodes for the show so far, with a then-new series high set with \"The Bakersfield Expedition\", with 20 million viewers, a first for the series, which along with NCIS, made CBS the first network to have two scripted series reach that large an audience in the same week since 2007."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | UK distribution and ratings",
"text": "From the third season, the show aired in two parts, being split so that it could air new episodes for longer throughout the year."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Prior to its airing on CBS, the pilot episode was distributed on iTunes free of charge."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | UK distribution and ratings",
"text": "The sixth season returned in mid-2013 to finish airing the remaining episodes."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | UK distribution and ratings",
"text": "Following the airing of the first eight episodes of that show's fourth season, The Big Bang Theory returned to finish airing its eighth season on March 19, 2015.Netflix UK & Ireland announced on February 13, 2016 that seasons 1–8 would be available to stream from February 15, 2016."
}
] | The first episode aired in 2007. | 2 | 8 | The Big Bang Theory |
Literature | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Name of the Rose (Italian: Il nome della rosa [il ˈnoːme della ˈrɔːza]) is the 1980 debut novel by Italian author Umberto Eco."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is a historical murder mystery set in an Italian monastery in the year 1327, and an intellectual mystery combining semiotics in fiction, biblical analysis, medieval studies, and literary theory."
}
] | 035rNGpKFbKnaB8WAVNN | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Dramatic works",
"text": "A post-postmodernist spoof The Awful Truth about the Name of the Rose by Marco Ocram (2019) loosely follows the plot of the original, but is set in a modern-day A-list retreat run as a medieval monastery."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Television",
"text": "An eight-part miniseries adaptation, The Name of the Rose, commenced production in Italy in January 2018 and premiered on Rai 1 on March 4, 2019."
},
{
"section_header": "Title",
"text": "According to nominalism, universals are bare names: there is not a universal rose, only the name rose."
},
{
"section_header": "Title",
"text": "They chose The Name of the Rose."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is a historical murder mystery set in an Italian monastery in the year 1327, and an intellectual mystery combining semiotics in fiction, biblical analysis, medieval studies, and literary theory."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes",
"text": "The Name of the Rose has been described as a work of postmodernism."
},
{
"section_header": "Title",
"text": "The Name of the Rose \"came to me virtually by chance."
},
{
"section_header": "Title",
"text": "This text has also been translated as \"Yesterday's rose stands only in name, we hold only empty names."
},
{
"section_header": "Title",
"text": "Medieval manuscripts of this line are not in agreement: Eco quotes one Medieval variant verbatim, but Eco was not aware at the time of the text more commonly printed in modern editions, in which the reference is to Rome (Roma), not to a rose (rosa)."
},
{
"section_header": "Title",
"text": "\" In the Postscript to the Name of the Rose, Eco claims to have chosen the title \"because the rose is a symbolic figure so rich in meanings that by now it hardly has any meaning left\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Name of the Rose (Italian: Il nome della rosa [il ˈnoːme della ˈrɔːza]) is the 1980 debut novel by Italian author Umberto Eco."
}
] | The Name of the Rose is set in medieval Italy. | 1 | 3 | The Name of the Rose |
Popular Culture | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was the best-selling novel in America in 1938 and the seventh-best in 1939."
}
] | 03aJZpl6qLlGlkIXyQhe | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was the main selection of the Book of the Month Club in April 1938."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Yearling is a novel by Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings published in March 1938."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It sold over 250,000 copies in 1938."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Penny shoots a doe, orphaning its young fawn, in order to use its liver to draw out the snake's venom, which saves Penny's life."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He advised her to write about what she knew from her own life, and The Yearling was the result."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was the best-selling novel in America in 1938 and the seventh-best in 1939."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The book then focuses on Jody's life as he matures along with Flag."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "The book was written for the stage by Lore Noto and Herbert Martin."
},
{
"section_header": "Notes",
"text": "Near Rawlings's home in Cross Creek, Florida, is a restaurant named after this book."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "A 2012 song by singer/songwriter Andrew Peterson, \"The Ballad of Jody Baxter\", deals with themes from The Yearling."
}
] | The Yearling was the best-selling book in the US in 1938. | 0 | 0 | The Yearling |
History | 2 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After 12 years of conflict, Napoleon Bonaparte's forces were defeated by Louverture's successor, Jean-Jacques Dessalines (later Emperor Jacques I), who declared Haiti's sovereignty on 1 January 1804—the first independent nation of Latin America and the Caribbean, the second republic in the Americas, the first country to abolish slavery, and the only state in history established by a successful slave revolt."
}
] | 04R2Q7sHKzhTLGLSBrZ4 | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Religion",
"text": "Like other countries in Latin America, Haiti has witnessed a general Protestant expansion, which is largely Evangelical and Pentecostal in nature."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After 12 years of conflict, Napoleon Bonaparte's forces were defeated by Louverture's successor, Jean-Jacques Dessalines (later Emperor Jacques I), who declared Haiti's sovereignty on 1 January 1804—the first independent nation of Latin America and the Caribbean, the second republic in the Americas, the first country to abolish slavery, and the only state in history established by a successful slave revolt."
},
{
"section_header": "Health",
"text": "The incidence of tuberculosis (TB) in Haiti is more than ten times as high as in the rest of Latin America."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Energy",
"text": "As of 2017, among all the countries in the Americas, Haiti is producing the least amount of energy."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In addition to CARICOM, it is a member of the International Monetary Fund, World Trade Organization, and the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Haiti is 27,750 square kilometers (10,714 sq mi) in size and has an estimated population of 11.1 million, making it the most populous country in the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) and the second-most populous country in the Caribbean after Cuba."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Colonial era | Haitian Revolution (1791–1804)",
"text": "Later in the revolution, the US provided support to native Haitian military forces, with the goal of reducing French influence in North America and the Caribbean."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Independent Haiti | United States occupation (1915–1934)",
"text": "The German influence prompted anxieties in the United States, who had also invested heavily in the country, and whose government defended their right to oppose foreign interference in the Americas under the Monroe Doctrine."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and politics | Foreign relations",
"text": "Haiti is a member of a wide range of international and regional organizations, such as the United Nations, Caricom, Community of Latin American and Caribbean States, International Monetary Fund, Organisation of American States, Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, OPANAL and the World Trade Organization."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography",
"text": "At 27,750 sq km Haiti is the third largest country in the Caribbean behind Cuba and the Dominican Republic, the latter sharing a 360-kilometre (224 mi) border with Haiti."
}
] | Haiti was the 1st country in Latin America and the Caribbean to gain independence. | 1 | 3 | Haiti |
Sports | 6 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Albert William Kaline ( KAY-line; December 19, 1934 – April 6, 2020), nicknamed \"Mr. Tiger\", was an American professional baseball right fielder who played 22 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Detroit Tigers."
}
] | 04bCzSY8ORcoABqowqcp | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career",
"text": "He did not sign, choosing to play baseball at Florida Southern College."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Michael played college baseball at Miami University and is the father of Colin Kaline, who had a short Minor League career and was a college coach."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Albert William Kaline ( KAY-line; December 19, 1934 – April 6, 2020), nicknamed \"Mr. Tiger\", was an American professional baseball right fielder who played 22 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Detroit Tigers."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career",
"text": "Because of his lengthy career and longtime association with the Tigers organization, Kaline's nickname was \"Mr. Tiger.\" Kaline's grandson Colin Kaline was selected by the Tigers in the 25th round of the 2007 MLB draft."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "He had two sons, Mark Albert Kaline (b. August 21, 1957) and Michael Keith Kaline (b. 1962)."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career",
"text": "He played in the low minor leagues with the Detroit organization in 2011–12."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career",
"text": "He does it all – hitting, fielding, running, throwing – and he does it with that extra touch of brilliancy that marks him as a super ballplayer... Al fits in anywhere, at any position in the lineup and any spot in the batting order.\" After his playing career, Kaline lived in the Detroit area, and he remained active within the Tigers organization, serving first as a color commentator on the team's television broadcasts (1975–2002) mostly with play by play announcer and former Tiger and fellow Hall of Famer George Kell, and then later as a consultant to the team."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Middle career",
"text": "Kaline missed a month of play."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Early days",
"text": "Kaline wore the number for the rest of his major league playing career."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career",
"text": "Kaline continued in his assistant role until his death in 2020."
}
] | Albert "Al" Kaline was nicknamed "Mr. October" and played for Florida South College. | 3 | 7 | Al Kaline |
Popular Culture | 5 | [
{
"section_header": "Films",
"text": "It received the most Academy Awards (10 wins) of any musical film, including Best Picture."
},
{
"section_header": "Films",
"text": "The film won ten Academy Awards in its eleven nominated categories, including Best Picture."
}
] | 05E3OZtid2OK1XBGVig5 | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "References in popular culture",
"text": "The 2005 short musical comedy film West Bank Story, which won the Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film, concerns a love story between a Jew and a Palestinian and parodies several aspects of West Side Story."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | Collaboration and development",
"text": "There he met Sondheim, who had heard that East Side Story, now retitled West Side Story, was back on track."
},
{
"section_header": "Films",
"text": "It received the most Academy Awards (10 wins) of any musical film, including Best Picture."
},
{
"section_header": "Recordings",
"text": "In 1961, Stan Kenton recorded Kenton's West Side Story (a jazz version) that received a 1962 Grammy Award for Best Jazz Performance – Large Group (Instrumental)."
},
{
"section_header": "Films",
"text": "The film won ten Academy Awards in its eleven nominated categories, including Best Picture."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The production was nominated for six Tony Awards including Best Musical in 1957, but the award for Best Musical went to Meredith Willson's The Music Man."
},
{
"section_header": "Recordings",
"text": "In 1962, Oscar Peterson and his trio recorded a jazz version, West Side Story."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | Production period",
"text": "It has been rumored that while Bernstein was off trying to fix the musical Candide, Sondheim wrote some of the music for West Side Story, and that Bernstein's co-lyricist billing mysteriously disappeared from the credits of West Side Story during the tryout, presumably as a trade-off."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "West Side Story is a musical with a book by Arthur Laurents, music by Leonard Bernstein and lyrics by Stephen Sondheim."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | Collaboration and development",
"text": "Bernstein composed West Side Story and Candide concurrently, which led to some switches of material between the two works."
}
] | West Side Story went 11 for 11 at the Academy Awards. | 1 | 5 | West Side Story |
Geography | 8 | [
{
"section_header": "Tourism",
"text": "In the peak season from June until August, Neuschwanstein has as many as 6,000 visitors per day, and guests without advance reservation may have to wait several hours."
}
] | 05erY9AJoQfrepGr0Gc8 | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Tourism",
"text": "For security reasons the palace can only be visited during a 35-minute guided tour, and no photography is allowed inside the castle."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Since then more than 61 million people have visited Neuschwanstein Castle."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Funding",
"text": "The King's wishes and demands expanded during the construction of Neuschwanstein, and so did the expenses."
},
{
"section_header": "Tourism",
"text": "Neuschwanstein welcomes almost 1.5 million visitors per year making it one of the most popular tourist destinations in Europe."
},
{
"section_header": "Tourism",
"text": "Those without tickets may still walk the long driveway from the base to the top of the mountain and visit the grounds and courtyard without a ticket, but will not be admitted to the interior of the castle."
},
{
"section_header": "In culture, art, and science",
"text": "It is also visited by the character Grace Nakimura alongside Herrenchiemsee in the game"
},
{
"section_header": "History | Simplified completion",
"text": "To guarantee a smooth course of visits, some rooms and the court buildings were finished first."
},
{
"section_header": "History | World War II",
"text": "The albums are now stored in the United States National Archives.) In April 1945, the SS considered blowing up the palace to prevent the building itself and the artwork it contained from falling to the enemy."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "More than 1.3 million people visit annually, with as many as 6,000 per day in the summer."
},
{
"section_header": "Location",
"text": "The confusing result is that Hohenschwangau and Schwanstein have effectively swapped names: Hohenschwangau Castle replaced the ruins of Schwanstein Castle, and Neuschwanstein Castle replaced the ruins of the two Hohenschwangau Castles."
},
{
"section_header": "Tourism",
"text": "In the peak season from June until August, Neuschwanstein has as many as 6,000 visitors per day, and guests without advance reservation may have to wait several hours."
}
] | The castle is visited most often by tourists in the fall during Bavaria's Oktoberfest celebrations. | 3 | 9 | Neuschwanstein Castle |
Music | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Linkin Park went on a hiatus when longtime lead vocalist Bennington died by suicide in July 2017."
}
] | 0668kqOFXkh1oCX4si4v | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "History | 2015–2017: One More Light and Bennington's death",
"text": "The event featured multiple guests performing Linkin Park songs along with the band."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2000–2002: Hybrid Theory and Reanimation",
"text": "Within a year's stretch, Linkin Park had performed at over 320 concerts."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2013–2015: The Hunting Party",
"text": "On May 9, Linkin Park performed at the first edition of Rock in Rio USA, in direct support for Metallica."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2006–2008: Minutes to Midnight",
"text": "Bennington later added that the new album would stray away from their previous nu metal sound."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2017–2020: Hiatus",
"text": "Linkin Park remained on hiatus between Bennington's death and 2020.During an Instagram live chat on December 17, 2017, Shinoda was asked whether Linkin Park would perform with a hologram version of Bennington in the future."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2017–2020: Hiatus",
"text": "\" When asked about the band's future minus Bennington, Shinoda stated, \"It’s not my goal to look for a new singer."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Linkin Park is an American rock band from Agoura Hills, California."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2015–2017: One More Light and Bennington's death",
"text": "The event included Linkin Park's first performance following Bennington's death."
},
{
"section_header": "Band members | Timeline",
"text": "Linkin Park was known as Xero from 1996–1999 and Hybrid Theory in 1999."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2011–2013: Living Things and Recharged",
"text": "The band performed \"Burn It Down\" at 2012 Billboard Music Awards."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Linkin Park went on a hiatus when longtime lead vocalist Bennington died by suicide in July 2017."
}
] | The band Linkin Park stopped performing after their singer passed away. | 0 | 0 | Linkin Park |
Literature | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The novel has been described as a key text in French literature and has been adapted for film over a dozen times, as well as numerous television and stage adaptations, such as a 1923 silent film with Lon Chaney, a 1939 sound film with Charles Laughton, and a 1996 Disney animated film."
}
] | 06jGcvGsMy0XKOUxvfL3 | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "1482) is a French Gothic novel by Victor Hugo, published in 1831."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The novel has been described as a key text in French literature and has been adapted for film over a dozen times, as well as numerous television and stage adaptations, such as a 1923 silent film with Lon Chaney, a 1939 sound film with Charles Laughton, and a 1996 Disney animated film."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Hunchback of Notre-Dame (French: Notre-Dame de Paris, lit. '"
},
{
"section_header": "Drama adaptations | Films",
"text": "The Hunchback of Notre Dame, a 1956 French film starring Anthony Quinn as Quasimodo and Gina Lollobrigida as Esmeralda, directed by Jean Delannoy, and produced by Raymond Hakim and Robert Hakim"
},
{
"section_header": "Drama adaptations | Films",
"text": "Esmeralda, a 1905 French short silent film"
},
{
"section_header": "Allusions and references | Allusions to actual history, geography and current science",
"text": "In The Hunchback of Notre-Dame, Victor Hugo makes frequent reference to the architecture of the Cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris."
},
{
"section_header": "Drama adaptations | Films",
"text": "The Hunchback of Notre Dame, a 1911 silent film"
},
{
"section_header": "Drama adaptations | Musical theatre",
"text": "Notre Dame, romantic Opera in two acts by Franz Schmidt, text after Victor Hugo by Schmidt and Leopold Wilk; composed: 1902–4, 1st perf.: Vienna 1914."
},
{
"section_header": "Drama adaptations",
"text": "The 1956 French film is one of the few versions to end almost exactly like the novel, although it changes other sections of the story."
},
{
"section_header": "Drama adaptations | Films",
"text": "The Hunchback of Notre Dame, a 1986 Australian-American fantasy animated film"
}
] | The Hunchback of Notre Dame is a French Gothic novel by Victor Hugo, published in 1831 has been described as a key text in French literature and has been adapted for film over a dozen times. | 0 | 0 | The Hunchback of Notre Dame |
Music | 7 | [
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Mental health",
"text": "In a 2019 interview with David Letterman, West stated he has bipolar disorder."
}
] | 077Odakr2yGArFoiulGw | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Mental health",
"text": "In a 2019 interview with David Letterman, West stated he has bipolar disorder."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Religious beliefs",
"text": "In January 2019, West re-affirmed his Christian faith on Twitter."
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Politics",
"text": "\" In January 2019, West re-affirmed his support for President Trump."
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Politics",
"text": "\"West previously stated he would have voted for Trump had he voted."
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Philanthropy",
"text": "In January 2019, West donated $10 million towards the completion of the Roden Crater by American artist James Turrell."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2017–present: Ye, Jesus Is King, and further collaborations",
"text": "On October 25, 2019, he released Jesus Is King, a Christian hip hop album."
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Politics",
"text": "In September 2015, West announced that he intended to run for President of the United States in 2020."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Religious beliefs",
"text": ", West stated that he believed in God, but at the time felt that he \"would never go into a religion."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2017–present: Ye, Jesus Is King, and further collaborations",
"text": "On December 25, 2019, West and Sunday Service released Jesus Is Born, containing 19 songs including several re-workings of older West songs."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2017–present: Ye, Jesus Is King, and further collaborations",
"text": "On July 18, 2019, it was reported that songs from West's unreleased album Yandhi were leaked online."
}
] | In 2019, West stated that he has bipolar disorder. | 2 | 9 | Kanye West |
Literature | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Nicolas Bataille directed the premiere on 11 May 1950 at the Théâtre des Noctambules, Paris."
}
] | 07L7xunWhIgUeTGmdTDV | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "With a record number of interpretations, it has become one of the most performed plays in France."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Since 1957 it has been in permanent showing at the Théâtre de la Huchette, which received a Molière d'honneur for its performances."
},
{
"section_header": "Meaning",
"text": "However, this decision was only added in after the show's hundredth performance, and it was originally the Smiths who restarted the show, in exactly the same manner as before."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Although it went unnoticed at first, the play was eventually championed by a few established writers and critics and, in the end, won critical acclaim."
},
{
"section_header": "Meaning",
"text": "There was speculation that it was parody around the time of its first performance, but Ionesco states in an essay written to his critics that he had no intention of parody, but if he were parodying anything, it would be everything."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "La Cantatrice chauve – translated from French as The Bald Soprano or The Bald Prima Donna – is the first play written by Romanian-French playwright Eugène Ionesco."
},
{
"section_header": "Meaning",
"text": "In this way the end becomes a new beginning but, since there are two couples in the play, it begins the first time with the Smiths and the second time with the Martins, to suggest the interchangeable nature of the characters: the Smiths are the Martins and the Martins are the Smiths\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Nicolas Bataille directed the premiere on 11 May 1950 at the Théâtre des Noctambules, Paris."
}
] | The first showing was in France. | 0 | 0 | The Bald Soprano |
Music | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Gustav Mahler (German: [ˈmaːlɐ]; 7 July 1860 – 18 May 1911) was an Austro-Bohemian Romantic composer, and one of the leading conductors of his generation."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early life | Family background",
"text": "In the following year Marie gave birth to the first of the couple's 14 children, a son Isidor, who died in infancy."
}
] | 07VT4Ik4D2O8Pqydqgka | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early conducting career 1880–88 | First appointments",
"text": "\" Despite poor relations with the orchestra, Mahler brought nine (13 times) operas to the theatre, including the new Bizet's Carmen, and won over the press that had initially been sceptical to him."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Gustav Mahler (German: [ˈmaːlɐ]; 7 July 1860 – 18 May 1911) was an Austro-Bohemian Romantic composer, and one of the leading conductors of his generation."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early conducting career 1880–88 | First appointments",
"text": "Here, Mahler conducted his first full-scale opera, Verdi's Il trovatore, one of 10 operas and a number of operettas that he presented during his time in Laibach."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Budapest and Hamburg, 1888–97 | Stadttheater Hamburg",
"text": "Mahler achieved his first relative success as a composer when the Second Symphony was well-received on its premiere in Berlin, under his own baton, on 13 December 1895."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Memorials and museums",
"text": "It is situated in the animal park next to the Gustav Mahler Stube."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early life | Student days",
"text": "Mahler may have gained his first conducting experience with the Conservatory's student orchestra, in rehearsals and performances, although it appears that his main role in this orchestra was as a percussionist."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Last years, 1908–11 | Illness and death",
"text": "In 1940 she published a memoir of her years with Mahler, entitled Gustav Mahler: Memories and Letters."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The International Gustav Mahler Institute was established in 1955 to honour the composer's life and achievements."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Vienna, 1897–1907 | Hofoper director",
"text": "The World of Yesterday (1942), described Mahler's appointment as an example of the Viennese public's general distrust of young artists: \"Once, when an amazing exception occurred and Gustav Mahler was named director of the Court Opera at thirty-eight years old, a frightened murmur and astonishment ran through Vienna, because someone had entrusted the highest institute of art to 'such a young person' ... This suspicion—that all young people were 'not very reliable'—ran through all circles at that time.\" Zweig also wrote that \"to have seen Gustav Mahler on the street [in Vienna] was an event that one would proudly report to his comrades the next morning as it if were a personal triumph.\" During Mahler's tenure a total of 33 new operas were introduced to the Hofoper; a further 55 were new or totally revamped productions."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early life | Childhood",
"text": "On 13 April 1875 he suffered a bitter personal loss when his younger brother Ernst (b. 18 March 1862) died after a long illness."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early life | Family background",
"text": "In the following year Marie gave birth to the first of the couple's 14 children, a son Isidor, who died in infancy."
}
] | Gustav Mahler was one of the best leader of orchestras of his time and had 13 siblings. | 0 | 0 | Gustav Mahler |
Sports | 7 | [
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "While the family lived in Mobile, his father worked as a sandblaster at Brookley Air Force Base."
}
] | 07lHkpmZaQhN6ms4L7gP | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1985–1986",
"text": "After Smith's teammate Jack Clark hit a late-inning home run of his own in Game 6 to defeat the Dodgers, the Cardinals moved on to face the Kansas City Royals in the 1985 World Series."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Smith served as host of the television show This Week in Baseball from 1997 to 1998."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "While the family lived in Mobile, his father worked as a sandblaster at Brookley Air Force Base."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | San Diego Padres",
"text": "It was also during the 1978 season that Smith introduced a signature move."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His father became a delivery truck driver for Safeway stores, while his mother became an aide at a nursing home."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Smith remains a visible figure around the St. Louis area, making varied appearances like playing the role of the Wizard in the St. Louis Municipal Opera's summer 2001 production of The Wizard of Oz."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "When Smith was six his family moved to the Watts section of Los Angeles."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Smith is the father to three children from his marriage to former wife Denise; sons Nikko and Dustin, and daughter Taryn."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Osborne Earl \"Ozzie\" Smith (born December 26, 1954) is an American former baseball shortstop who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the San Diego Padres and St. Louis Cardinals from 1978 to 1996."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1982–1984",
"text": "When St. Louis was trailing 3–1 with one out in the sixth inning of Game 7, Smith started a rally with a base hit to left field, eventually scoring the first of the team's three runs that inning."
}
] | Ozzie Smith's father served in the army causing him to move around a lot as a child. | 4 | 10 | Ozzie Smith |
Technology | 5 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lyft is the second-largest ridesharing company in the United States with a 28% market share after Uber, according to Second Measure."
}
] | 07qiEgiqfjIrYImcZqoK | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Most jurisdictions regulate ridesharing companies and they are banned from operating in some jurisdictions."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Whereas Zimride was focused on college campuses, Lyft launched as a ridesharing company for shorter trips within cities."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lyft is the second-largest ridesharing company in the United States with a 28% market share after Uber, according to Second Measure."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In December 2015, Lyft became the first ridesharing company allowed to pick up passengers at Los Angeles International Airport."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lyft, Inc. is an American ridesharing company based in San Francisco, California and operating in 644 cities in the United States and 12 cities in Canada."
},
{
"section_header": "COVID-19 Safety",
"text": "On June 1st, 2020, Lyft launched Lyft Store where drivers can purchase personal protective equipment (PPE) such as hand sanitizer, face masks, disinfectants and partitions."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "By using Facebook profile information, student drivers and passengers could learn about each other."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "He had used Craigslist’s ride boards but wanted to eliminate the anxiety of not knowing the passenger or driver."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Self-driving car research",
"text": "This expertise is expected to help autonomous cars to extract useful information from street-level images."
},
{
"section_header": "COVID-19 Safety",
"text": "As of June 10, Lyft requires that all riders and drivers stay home if they’re sick; wear face coverings when using Lyft; frequently sanitize hands and car surfaces; leave the front seat empty; and keep windows open when possible."
}
] | Lyft is the 1st biggest ride-share company in the US. | 2 | 6 | Lyft |
NOCAT | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A Man in Full is the second novel by Tom Wolfe, published on November 12, 1998, by Farrar, Straus & Giroux."
}
] | 07r9Xw76jLqB0bua8MZs | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Other media",
"text": "The unabridged audiobook of A Man in Full was released in 2018 and was narrated by American actor Michael Pritchard."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A Man In Full features a number of point-of-view characters."
},
{
"section_header": "Reactions",
"text": "I Am Charlotte Simmons. Released eleven years after Wolfe's bestselling novel"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A Man In Full is written much in the style of Wolfe's other fictions, such as The Bonfire of the Vanities and"
},
{
"section_header": "Other media",
"text": "The abridged audiobook of A Man in Full was narrated by American actor David Ogden Stiers."
},
{
"section_header": "Reactions",
"text": "According to Mailer's review, the book had sold over 750,000 copies by December 1998.The book was credited with allusions to, or the caricaturing of, some prominent members of contemporary Atlanta society."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A Man in Full is the second novel by Tom Wolfe, published on November 12, 1998, by Farrar, Straus & Giroux."
},
{
"section_header": "Reactions",
"text": "The Bonfire of the Vanities, A Man in Full was widely anticipated; Wolfe was known to be working on the research for this follow-up effort for several years."
},
{
"section_header": "Reactions",
"text": "Most of the mainstream American newspapers and news magazines gave the book positive reviews."
},
{
"section_header": "Reactions",
"text": "Wolfe countered this criticism in his book Hooking Up, calling the three authors his \"three stooges\" who were actually shaken by the support he received."
}
] | A Man in Full was the author's 3rd book to be released. | 0 | 1 | A Man in Full |
Sports | 9 | [
{
"section_header": "Childhood",
"text": "Vince Piazza earned a fortune of more than $100 million in used cars and real estate, and attempted several times to purchase an MLB franchise."
}
] | 07xiJLWmWkWPuhEL1xuU | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Piazza was drafted by the Dodgers in the 1988 MLB draft as a favor from Tommy Lasorda to Piazza's father."
},
{
"section_header": "Childhood",
"text": "Vince Piazza earned a fortune of more than $100 million in used cars and real estate, and attempted several times to purchase an MLB franchise."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Los Angeles Dodgers",
"text": "After his father asked Lasorda to select Piazza as a favor, the Miami-Dade Community College student was drafted by the Dodgers in the 62nd round of the 1988 MLB amateur draft as the 1,390th player picked overall."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "His faith was instilled in him by his Catholic father and was featured in Champions of Faith, a DVD documentary exploring the intersection of Catholic religious faith and sports."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | New York Mets",
"text": "Piazza suffered a concussion and was forced to miss the 2000 MLB All-Star Game."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Los Angeles Dodgers",
"text": "His MLB debut came with the Dodgers on September 1, 1992, against the Chicago Cubs."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting",
"text": "During the 1994–95 MLB strike, Piazza and a handful of other striking players appeared as themselves in the November 27, 1994 episode of Married With Children."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Michael Joseph Piazza (; born September 4, 1968) is an American former professional baseball catcher who played 16 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB), from 1992 to 2007."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Oakland Athletics",
"text": "After not being signed to any MLB team for the 2008 season, Piazza announced his retirement on May 20, 2008, saying, \"After discussing my options with my wife, family and agent, I felt it is time to start a new chapter in my life."
},
{
"section_header": "International baseball",
"text": "He was an instructor for the Italian Baseball Academy when it won back-to-back European Baseball Championships in 2010 and 2012.Prior to the start of the 2006 MLB season, Piazza represented Italy in the 2006 World Baseball Classic."
}
] | Thanks to his wealth, his father tried to buy an MLB franchise. | 2 | 9 | Mike Piazza |
Literature | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It dramatises the romantic and artistic conflicts between four characters: the famous middlebrow story writer Boris Trigorin, the ingenue Nina, the fading actress Irina Arkadina, and her son the symbolist playwright Konstantin Treplyov."
}
] | 08Ep1C889ujTZi6XoVAv | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Plot | Act I",
"text": "Act I also sets up the play's various romantic triangles."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "The play was also adapted as the Russian film The Seagull in 1970."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Seagull is generally considered to be the first of his four major plays."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Act I",
"text": "When Masha tells Yevgeny about her longing for Konstantin, Yevgeny helplessly blames the lake for making everybody feel romantic."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Seagull (Russian: Чайка, romanized: Chayka) is a play by Russian dramatist Anton Chekhov, written in 1895 and first produced in 1896."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Act II",
"text": "She loves the lake, like a seagull, and she's happy and free, like a seagull."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It dramatises the romantic and artistic conflicts between four characters: the famous middlebrow story writer Boris Trigorin, the ingenue Nina, the fading actress Irina Arkadina, and her son the symbolist playwright Konstantin Treplyov."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Though the character of Trigorin is considered Chekhov's greatest male role, like Chekhov's other full-length plays, The Seagull relies upon an ensemble cast of diverse, fully developed characters."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance history | Premiere in St. Petersburg",
"text": "The Seagull impressed the playwright and friend of Chekhov Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko, however, who said Chekhov should have won the Griboyedov prize that year for The Seagull instead of himself."
},
{
"section_header": "Translation",
"text": "In the introduction of his own version, Tom Stoppard wrote: \"You can't have too many English Seagulls: at the intersection of all of them, the Russian one will be forever elusive.\" In fact, the problems start with the title of the play: there's no sea anywhere near the play's settings, –"
}
] | The Seagull is a romantic play. | 0 | 0 | The Seagull |
Music | 3 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Alton Glenn Miller (March 1, 1904 – disappeared December 15, 1944) was an American big-band trombonist, arranger, composer, and bandleader in the swing era."
},
{
"section_header": "Disappearance",
"text": "Miller's disappearance was not made public until December 24, 1944, when the Associated Press announced Miller would not be conducting the scheduled BBC-broadcast \"AEF Christmas Show\" the following day; the band's deputy leader Tech."
}
] | 08LYoF7MYPx5He0LHRgG | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Disappearance",
"text": "Miller spent the last night before his disappearance at Milton Ernest Hall, near Bedford."
},
{
"section_header": "Disappearance",
"text": "In 2019 it was reported that TIGHAR will investigate Miller's disappearance."
},
{
"section_header": "Disappearance",
"text": "Miller's disappearance was not made public until December 24, 1944, when the Associated Press announced Miller would not be conducting the scheduled BBC-broadcast \"AEF Christmas Show\" the following day; the band's deputy leader Tech."
},
{
"section_header": "Disappearance",
"text": "His plane, a single-engine UC-64 Norseman, departed from RAF Twinwood Farm in Clapham, on the outskirts of Bedford, and disappeared while flying over the English Channel."
},
{
"section_header": "Disappearance",
"text": "Miller left behind his wife and two adopted children."
},
{
"section_header": "Disappearance",
"text": "Sgt. Jerry Gray (July 3, 1915 – August 10, 1976) stood in for Miller."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Alton Glenn Miller (March 1, 1904 – disappeared December 15, 1944) was an American big-band trombonist, arranger, composer, and bandleader in the swing era."
},
{
"section_header": "Disappearance",
"text": "Miller was due to fly from the town of Bedford in United Kingdom to Paris on December 15, 1944, to make arrangements to move his entire band there in the near future."
},
{
"section_header": "Disappearance",
"text": "Two other U.S. military officers were on board the plane, Lieutenant Colonel Norman Baessell and the pilot, John Morgan."
},
{
"section_header": "Disappearance",
"text": "He was posthumously awarded the Bronze Star, presented to his wife Helen in a ceremony held on March 24, 1945.In 2014"
}
] | Glenn Miller disappeared in 1945. | 2 | 5 | Glenn Miller |
History | 3 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Ostend Manifesto, also known as the Ostend Circular, was a document written in 1854 that described the rationale for the United States to purchase Cuba from Spain while implying that the U.S. should declare war if Spain refused."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Ostend Manifesto proposed a shift in foreign policy, justifying the use of force to seize Cuba in the name of national security."
}
] | 08PiLSqyoloRHz5sqbtM | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Writing the Manifesto",
"text": "Prominent among the reasons for annexation outlined in the manifesto were fears of a possible slave revolt in Cuba parallel to the Haitian Revolution (1791–1804) in the absence of U.S. intervention."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Ostend Manifesto proposed a shift in foreign policy, justifying the use of force to seize Cuba in the name of national security."
},
{
"section_header": "Writing the Manifesto",
"text": "In any case, Marcy had also written in June that the administration had abandoned thoughts of declaring war over Cuba."
},
{
"section_header": "Fallout",
"text": "The incident was one of many factors that gave rise to the Republican Party, and the manifesto was criticized in the Party's first platform in 1856 as following a \"highwayman's\" philosophy of \"might makes right.\" But, the movement to annex Cuba did not fully end until after the American Civil War."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Ostend Manifesto, also known as the Ostend Circular, was a document written in 1854 that described the rationale for the United States to purchase Cuba from Spain while implying that the U.S. should declare war if Spain refused."
},
{
"section_header": "Writing the Manifesto",
"text": "The experienced and cautious Buchanan is believed to have written the document and moderated Soulé's aggressive tone."
},
{
"section_header": "Writing the Manifesto",
"text": "The administration's opponents in the House of Representatives called for the document's release, and it was published in full four months after being written."
},
{
"section_header": "Writing the Manifesto",
"text": "He had previously written to Soulé that, if Cuba's purchase could not be negotiated, \"you will then direct your effort to the next desirable object, which is to detach that island from the Spanish dominion and from all dependence on any European power\"—words Soulé may have adapted to fit his own agenda."
},
{
"section_header": "Writing the Manifesto",
"text": "The Manifesto stated that the U.S. would be \"justified in wresting\" Cuba from Spain if the colonial power refused to sell it."
},
{
"section_header": "Writing the Manifesto",
"text": "The resulting dispatch, which would come to be known as the Ostend Manifesto, declared that \"Cuba is as necessary to the North American republic as any of its present members, and that it belongs naturally to that great family of states of which the Union is the Providential Nursery\"."
}
] | The manifesto was written to make it seem reasonable for the US to buy Cuba from the Spaniards. | 2 | 4 | Ostend Manifesto |
Sports | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "The couple married in 1992 and divorced in 2000, after it was revealed that Jones had an 18-month extramarital affair with a Hooters waitress that produced a son, Matthew, born in 1998.He married Sharon Logonov in March 2000 in Pierson, Florida."
}
] | 08jQCWmGjA05FrCdklRc | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Jones and Higgins were married on June 14, 2015."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "The couple married in 1992 and divorced in 2000, after it was revealed that Jones had an 18-month extramarital affair with a Hooters waitress that produced a son, Matthew, born in 1998.He married Sharon Logonov in March 2000 in Pierson, Florida."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Draft",
"text": "Atlanta then selected Jones, who played shortstop at the time."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major league career (1993–2012) | 2000–2005",
"text": "Jones was 3rd in the league with a .435 on-base percentage."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major league career (1993–2012) | 2006–2007",
"text": "The 2006 season was one of numerous milestones for Jones."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major league career (1993–2012) | 2012: Final season",
"text": "Jones also has the most RBIs of any player who was primarily a third baseman."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major league career (1993–2012) | 1999: MVP season",
"text": "Ironically, Jones was not selected for the MLB All-Star game that year."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "As of June 14, 2012, Jones and his wife Sharon had separated."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Chipper Jones was born in DeLand, Florida, on April 24, 1972."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His father, Larry Wayne Jones, Sr., was a teacher and coach at T. DeWitt Taylor High School in Pierson, the same high school Jones would later attend and play baseball."
}
] | Jones has never been married. | 0 | 0 | Chipper Jones |
Geography | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Overtaking the Cologne Cathedral, it was the tallest structure in the world between 1884 and 1889, after which it was overtaken by the Eiffel Tower in Paris."
}
] | 08qN1gTRVRP64nCcovgJ | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Components | Miscellaneous details",
"text": "It is both the world's tallest predominantly stone structure and the world's tallest obelisk."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Later history",
"text": "It is still the tallest building in Washington, D.C."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Overtaking the Cologne Cathedral, it was the tallest structure in the world between 1884 and 1889, after which it was overtaken by the Eiffel Tower in Paris."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Washington Monument is an obelisk on the National Mall in Washington, D.C., built to commemorate George Washington, once commander-in-chief of the Continental Army (1775–1784), in the American Revolutionary War and the first President of the United States (1789–1797)."
},
{
"section_header": "Components | Miscellaneous details",
"text": "The tallest masonry structure in the world is the brick Anaconda Smelter Stack in Montana at 585 feet 1 1⁄2 inches (178.35 m) tall."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the tallest monumental column in the world if all are measured above their pedestrian entrances."
},
{
"section_header": "Components | Security",
"text": "The structure is designed so that it may be removed without damaging the monument."
},
{
"section_header": "Components | Security",
"text": "Two (possibly three) geothermal heat pumps will be built on the north side of the monument to provide heating and cooling of the facility."
},
{
"section_header": "Components | Security",
"text": "recessed trench wall known as a ha-ha has been built to minimize the visual impact of a security barrier surrounding the monument."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Located almost due east of the Reflecting Pool and the Lincoln Memorial, the monument, made of marble, granite, and bluestone gneiss, is both the world's tallest predominantly stone structure and the world's tallest obelisk, standing 554 feet 7 11⁄32 inches (169.046 m) tall according to the U.S. National Geodetic Survey (measured 2013–14) or 555 feet 5 1⁄8 inches (169.294 m) tall according to the National Park Service (measured 1884)."
}
] | The Washington Monument was the tallest structure when it was built. | 0 | 0 | Washington Monument |
Literature | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "All that can be said with certainty is that it is a Roman play, and perhaps even a sequel to another of Shakespeare's tragedies, Julius Caesar."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Antony and Cleopatra (First Folio title: The Tragedie of Anthonie, and Cleopatra) is a tragedy by William Shakespeare."
}
] | 094ILrO3mJii3xtMoUai | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Analysis and criticism | Themes and motifs | Empire | Empire and intertextuality",
"text": "Critics suggest that Shakespeare did similar work with these sources in Othello, Julius Caesar, and Coriolanus."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "All that can be said with certainty is that it is a Roman play, and perhaps even a sequel to another of Shakespeare's tragedies, Julius Caesar."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis and criticism | Structure: Egypt and Rome | The characterization of Rome and Egypt | Egypt from the Roman perspective",
"text": "Orientalism plays a very specific, and yet, nuanced role in the story of Antony and Cleopatra."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis and criticism | Themes and motifs | Empire | Sexuality and empire",
"text": "Caesar says of her final deed, \"Bravest at the last,/ She levelled at our purposes, and, being royal,/ Took her own way\" (5.2.325–327)."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis and criticism | Critical history: changing views of Cleopatra",
"text": "Cleopatra had quite a wide influence, and still continues to inspire, making her a heroine to many."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis and criticism | Structure: Egypt and Rome | Evolving views of critics regarding gender characterizations",
"text": "The story of Antony and Cleopatra was often summarised as either \"the fall of a great general, betrayed in his dotage by a treacherous strumpet, or else it can be viewed as a celebration of transcendental love.\" In both reduced summaries, Egypt and Cleopatra are presented as either the destruction of Antony's masculinity and greatness or as agents in a love story."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis and criticism | Critical history: changing views of Cleopatra",
"text": "Cleopatra, being the complex figure that she is, has faced a variety of interpretations of character throughout history."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis and criticism | Themes and motifs | Empire | Empire and intertextuality",
"text": "Many scholars suggest that Shakespeare possessed an extensive knowledge of the story of Antony and Cleopatra through the historian Plutarch, and used Plutarch's account as a blueprint for his own play."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis and criticism | Themes and motifs | Empire | Politics of empire",
"text": "For example, there appears to be continuity between the character of Cleopatra and the historical figure of Queen Elizabeth I, and"
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis and criticism | Structure: Egypt and Rome | Literary devices used to convey the differences between Rome and Egypt",
"text": "Unlike Antony whose container melts, she gains a sublimity being released into the air."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Antony and Cleopatra (First Folio title: The Tragedie of Anthonie, and Cleopatra) is a tragedy by William Shakespeare."
}
] | Antony and Cleopatra may likely be a continuation of the story about Julius Caesar. | 0 | 0 | Antony and Cleopatra |
Sports | 2 | [
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "The couple had five children: Margaret Mason (Stanley) (1895–1976), Helen Carolyn (Dodd) (1897–1980), John Edwin (1900–1986), Maude Ann (Dawe) (1904–1972), and James Sherman (1913–1980)."
}
] | 09TlBf0Vl4gZEvYeXEM8 | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Naismith is buried with his first wife in Memorial Park Cemetery in Lawrence."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "His mother, Margaret Young, was born in 1833 and immigrated to Lanark County, Canada in 1852 as the fourth of 11 children."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Naismith was born on November 6, 1861, in Almonte, Canada West (now part of Mississippi Mills, Ontario, Canada) to Scottish immigrants."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Maude Naismith died in 1937, and on June 11, 1939, he married his second wife, Florence B. Kincaid."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "James Naismith (November 6, 1861 – November 28, 1939) was a Canadian-American physical educator, physician, Christian chaplain, sports coach, and innovator."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Swade eventually persuaded David G. Booth, a billionaire investment banker and KU alumnus, and his wife Suzanne Booth, to commit to bidding at the auction."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "The couple had five children: Margaret Mason (Stanley) (1895–1976), Helen Carolyn (Dodd) (1897–1980), John Edwin (1900–1986), Maude Ann (Dawe) (1904–1972), and James Sherman (1913–1980)."
}
] | James Naismith had 6 children with his wife. | 1 | 2 | James Naismith |
Popular Culture | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The movie was controversial in its day, as was a similar film on the same subject, Crossfire, which was released the same year (though that film was originally a story about homophobia, later changed to anti-Semitism)."
}
] | 09UTABJo9cZ9bslJznEC | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Reception and box-office",
"text": "In recognition for producing Gentleman's Agreement, the Hollywood chapter of"
},
{
"section_header": "Reception and box-office",
"text": ", Gentleman's Agreement was one of Fox's highest-grossing movies of 1947."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception and box-office",
"text": "Gentleman's Agreement received a generally favorable reception from influential New York Times critic Bosley Crowther."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Gentleman's Agreement is a 1947 American drama film based on Laura Z. Hobson's best-selling 1947 novel of the same name."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The movie was controversial in its day, as was a similar film on the same subject, Crossfire, which was released the same year (though that film was originally a story about homophobia, later changed to anti-Semitism)."
}
] | Gentleman's Agreement has been controversial. | 0 | 0 | Gentleman's Agreement |
Sports | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A Hall of Famer, Clarke played for and managed both the Louisville Colonels and Pittsburgh Pirates."
}
] | 09YdgQ6KIzIxW5uLHvdj | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "Clarke impressed the Hastings team and he signed his first professional contract."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "In 1892, a professional team in Hastings, Nebraska sent a railroad ticket to Des Moines semiprofessional player Byron McKibbon, but McKibbon backed out and gave the ticket to Clarke instead."
},
{
"section_header": "After his playing days",
"text": "During the 1926 season, several players felt that Clarke was trying to undermine McKechnie and become manager once again."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "While in Louisville, Clarke was teamed up with pitcher Chick Fraser."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "He was in the Southern League at age 21 and played for teams in Montgomery, Alabama, and Savannah, Georgia."
},
{
"section_header": "After his playing days",
"text": "He was also allowed to sit in the dugout during games, making him manager Bill McKechnie's bench coach in all but name."
},
{
"section_header": "After his playing days",
"text": "After his managing days ended in 1915, Clarke returned to his \"Little Pirate Ranch\" near Winfield, Kansas, which he had purchased with a down payment during his first year in the majors."
},
{
"section_header": "After his playing days",
"text": "When slumping veteran (and eventual Hall of Famer) Max Carey—one of only two members of the 1909 world champions still on the team—got word that Clarke tried to pressure McKechnie into benching him, Carey demanded that Clarke be removed from the bench."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "At age two, his family moved as part of a covered wagon caravan from Iowa to Kansas before relocating to Des Moines, Iowa, five years later."
},
{
"section_header": "After his playing days",
"text": "He was supported by the other member of the 1909 team who was still on the roster, Babe Adams, as well as another veteran, Carson Bigbee."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A Hall of Famer, Clarke played for and managed both the Louisville Colonels and Pittsburgh Pirates."
}
] | Clarke played for two teams during his professional career. | 0 | 0 | Fred Clarke |
Literature | 3 | [
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "\"No Longer at Ease\" debuted to largely positive reviews."
}
] | 09nQdWm5Zl31IfFNCt7o | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "He is arrested, bringing us up to the events that opened the story."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "\"No Longer at Ease\" debuted to largely positive reviews."
}
] | The film opened with mostly negative critiques. | 0 | 3 | No Longer At Ease |
Literature | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Sound and the Fury is a novel by the American author William Faulkner."
}
] | 0AgtmGpb9ax1cl09qXij | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Plot | Appendix: Compson: 1699–1945",
"text": "Having been written sixteen years after The Sound and the Fury, the appendix presents some textual differences from the novel, but serves to clarify the novel's opaque story."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1931, however, when Faulkner's sixth novel, Sanctuary, was published—a sensationalist story, which Faulkner later said was written only for money—The Sound and the Fury also became commercially successful, and Faulkner began to receive critical attention."
},
{
"section_header": "Style and structure | Title",
"text": "When Faulkner began writing the story that would develop into The Sound and the Fury, it \"was tentatively titled ‘Twilight,’ [and] narrated by a fourth Compson child,\" but as the story progressed into a larger work, he renamed it, drawing its title from Macbeth's famous soliloquy from act 5, scene 5 of William Shakespeare's Macbeth: Immediately obvious is the notion of a \"tale told by an idiot,\" in this case Benjy, whose view of the Compsons' story opens the novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance",
"text": "The Sound and the Fury is a widely influential work of literature."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Sound and the Fury is a novel by the American author William Faulkner."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Published in 1929, The Sound and the Fury was Faulkner's fourth novel, and was not immediately successful."
},
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "The Sound and the Fury is set in Jefferson, Mississippi, in the first third of the 20th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "In 1945, Faulkner wrote a \"Compson Appendix\" to be included with future printings of The Sound and the Fury."
},
{
"section_header": "Limited edition",
"text": "In 2012, The Folio Society released an edition, limited to 1,480 copies, of The Sound and the Fury."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1998, the Modern Library ranked The Sound and the Fury sixth on its list of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century."
}
] | The Sound and the Fury is a short story. | 0 | 0 | The Sound and the Fury |
Technology | 2 | [
{
"section_header": "Criticism and controversies",
"text": "Huawei executives have consistently denied these allegations, having stated that the company has never received any requests by the Chinese government to introduce backdoors in its equipment, would refuse to do so, and that Chinese law did not compel them to do so."
}
] | 0COW02ONa2XIzaP6OdY8 | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Criticism and controversies",
"text": "Huawei has faced criticism for various aspects of its operations, with its most prominent controversies having involved U.S. allegations of its products containing backdoors for Chinese government espionage—consistent with domestic laws requiring Chinese citizens and companies to cooperate with state intelligence when warranted."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticism and controversies",
"text": "Huawei executives have consistently denied these allegations, having stated that the company has never received any requests by the Chinese government to introduce backdoors in its equipment, would refuse to do so, and that Chinese law did not compel them to do so."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. (; Chinese: 华为; pinyin: Huáwéi) is a Chinese multinational technology company headquartered in Shenzhen, Guangdong."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate affairs | Ownership",
"text": "This is also due to a limitation in Chinese law preventing limited liability companies from having more than 50 shareholders."
},
{
"section_header": "Products and services | Tablets",
"text": "Huawei is number one in the Chinese tablet market and number two globally as of 4Q 2019."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticism and controversies | Espionage | U.S. business restrictions",
"text": "Additionally, on 15 May 2019, the Department of Commerce added Huawei and 70 foreign subsidiaries and \"affiliates\" to its entity list under the Export Administration Regulations, citing the company having been indicted for \"knowingly and willfully causing the export, re-export, sale and supply, directly and indirectly, of goods, technology and services (banking and other financial services) from the United States to Iran and the government of Iran without obtaining a license from the Department of Treasury's Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC)\"."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Foreign expansion",
"text": "In September 2017, Huawei created a NarrowBand IOT city-aware network using a \"one network, one platform, N applications\" construction model utilizing IoT, cloud computing, big data, and other next-generation information and communications technology, it also aims to be one of the world's five largest cloud players in the near future."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticism and controversies | Espionage",
"text": "In 2018, the United States passed a defense funding bill that contained a passage barring the federal government from doing business with Huawei, ZTE, and several Chinese vendors of surveillance products, due to security concerns."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Early years",
"text": "At a time when all of China's telecommunications technology was imported from abroad, Ren hoped to build a domestic Chinese telecommunication company that could compete with, and ultimately replace, foreign competitors."
},
{
"section_header": "Products and services | Software | EMUI (Emotion User Interface)",
"text": "Emotion UI (EMUI) is a ROM/OS developed by Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd. and based on Google's Android Open Source Project (AOSP)."
}
] | The Chinese technology company Huawei has stated they have cooperated with the government to spy on their users. | 0 | 3 | Huawei |
Geography | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Rikers Island () is a 413.17-acre (167.20-hectare) island in the East River between Queens and the Bronx that is home to New York City's main jail complex."
}
] | 0CQEJUo8wgmB5ZB8MXYM | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "History | Proposed closure of jail complex",
"text": "In light of possible closure of the jail complex, New York City Public Advocate Letitia James suggested renaming the island after Kalief Browder, an inmate who committed suicide after being jailed at Rikers."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Proposed closure of jail complex",
"text": "On October 17, 2019, the City Council voted for an over $8 billion plan to close the Rikers Island prisons and other New York City jails by 2026, and replace them with four borough-based jails."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Proposed closure of jail complex",
"text": "In September 2016, the campaign organized a march from Queens Plaza to the Rikers Island Bridge to send a message to Mayor Bill de Blasio that New York City is united in demanding the jail complex be closed."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Rikers Island () is a 413.17-acre (167.20-hectare) island in the East River between Queens and the Bronx that is home to New York City's main jail complex."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Proposed closure of jail complex",
"text": "In April of that year, Glenn E. Martin launched a campaign that called for the closure of the Rikers Island Jail Complex."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Proposed closure of jail complex",
"text": "The New York State Commission of Correction, which oversees New York City's jails, issued a report in February 2018 citing numerous violations in the facility on the part of the City and a significant increase in violent incidents from 2016 to 2017."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Proposed closure of jail complex",
"text": "The intention to close the prison complex within 10 years was endorsed by Mayor Bill de Blasio on March 31, after the New York Post leaked the findings of the Lippman Commission."
},
{
"section_header": "Complex and facilities",
"text": "Bus service within the island for visitors visiting inmates is provided by the New York City Department of Correction on Fridays through Sundays."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Proposed closure of jail complex",
"text": "In November 2016, New York City Department of Correction Commissioner Joseph Ponte said, \"As we look at construction and now with the...kind of the movement to close Rikers all those things politically have to be taken into consideration."
},
{
"section_header": "Complex and facilities",
"text": "The Rikers Island complex, which consists of ten jails, holds local offenders who are awaiting trial, serving sentences of one year or less, or are temporarily placed there pending transfer to another facility."
}
] | Rikers Island prison is a New York jail complex. | 0 | 0 | Rikers Island prison |
Popular Culture | 3 | [
{
"section_header": "In other media | Merchandising",
"text": "The success of the Star Wars films led the franchise to become one of the most merchandised franchises in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Film | Skywalker saga | Original trilogy",
"text": "In 1971, George Lucas wanted to film an adaptation of the Flash Gordon serial, but could not obtain the rights, so he began developing his own space opera."
}
] | 0CRL1eHZxVatNNqg3apV | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "In other media | Merchandising",
"text": "While filming the original 1977 film, George Lucas decided to take a $500,000 pay cut to his salary as director in exchange for full ownership of the franchise's merchandising rights."
},
{
"section_header": "In other media | Merchandising",
"text": "The success of the Star Wars films led the franchise to become one of the most merchandised franchises in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "In other media | Video games | LucasArts and modern self-published games (1993–2014)",
"text": "LucasArts was founded after Star Wars creator George Lucas took interest in the increasing success of the video game market."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "George Lucas has said that the theme of the saga is redemption."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Star Wars is an American epic space-opera media franchise created by George Lucas, which began with the eponymous 1977 film and quickly became a worldwide pop-culture phenomenon."
},
{
"section_header": "Film | Skywalker saga | Original trilogy",
"text": "In 1971, George Lucas wanted to film an adaptation of the Flash Gordon serial, but could not obtain the rights, so he began developing his own space opera."
},
{
"section_header": "In other media | Merchandising",
"text": "By 1987, the first three films have made US$2.6 billion in merchandising revenue."
},
{
"section_header": "In other media",
"text": "The Star Wars canon was subsequently restructured to only include the existing six feature films, the animated film"
},
{
"section_header": "In other media | Merchandising",
"text": "By 2012, the first six films produced approximately US$20 billion in merchandising revenue."
},
{
"section_header": "In other media | Video games",
"text": "Some are based directly on the movie material, while others rely heavily on the non-canonical Expanded Universe (rebranded as Star Wars Legends and removed from the canon in 2014)."
}
] | Star Wars was started by George Lucas and as grown into a media empire that includes films, TV and other merchandise. | 1 | 3 | Star Wars |
Science | 6 | [
{
"section_header": "Reproduction",
"text": "Most nematode species are dioecious, with separate male and female individuals, though some, such as Caenorhabditis elegans, are androdioecious, consisting of hermaphrodites and rare males."
}
] | 0CStKfLjKrN1jKLcWsxg | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Reproduction",
"text": "Most nematode species are dioecious, with separate male and female individuals, though some, such as Caenorhabditis elegans, are androdioecious, consisting of hermaphrodites and rare males."
},
{
"section_header": "Reproduction",
"text": "Males are usually smaller than females or hermaphrodites (often much smaller) and often have a characteristically bent or fan-shaped tail."
},
{
"section_header": "Reproduction",
"text": "The genus Mesorhabditis exhibits an unusual form of parthenogenesis, in which sperm-producing males copulate with females, but the sperm do not fuse with the ovum."
},
{
"section_header": "Reproduction",
"text": "Contact with the sperm is essential for the ovum to begin dividing, but because no fusion of the cells occurs, the male contributes no genetic material to the offspring, which are essentially clones of the female."
},
{
"section_header": "Parasitic species",
"text": "Inside the female body, the nematode hinders ovarian development and renders the bee less active, thus less effective in pollen collection."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Their numerical dominance, often exceeding a million individuals per square meter and accounting for about 80% of all individual animals on earth, their diversity of lifecycles, and their presence at various trophic levels point to an important role in many ecosystems."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "They are ubiquitous in freshwater, marine, and terrestrial environments, where they often outnumber other animals in both individual and species counts, and are found in locations as diverse as mountains, deserts, and oceanic trenches."
},
{
"section_header": "Reproduction",
"text": "In males, the sperm are produced at the end of the gonad and migrate along its length as they mature."
},
{
"section_header": "Reproduction",
"text": "Amoeboid sperm crawl along the spicule into the female worm."
},
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy and systematics | History",
"text": "Since Cobb was the first to include nematodes in a particular phylum separated from Nematomorpha, some researchers consider the valid taxon name to be Nemates or Nemata, rather than Nematoda, because of the zoological rule that gives priority to the first used term in case of synonyms."
}
] | Most nematode species are dioecious with separate male and female individuals. | 3 | 8 | Nematoda |
Geography | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "History | Portuguese and British rule",
"text": "Growing apprehensive of the power of the Mughal emperor Humayun, Sultan Bahadur Shah of Gujarat was obliged to sign the Treaty of Bassein with the Portuguese Empire on 23 December 1534."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Portuguese and British rule",
"text": "1535.The Portuguese were actively involved in the foundation and growth of their Roman Catholic religious orders in Bombay."
}
] | 0CTkllgOyuW7rCtjsA9R | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "History | Early history",
"text": "Mumbai is built on what was once an archipelago of seven islands: Isle of Bombay, Parel, Mazagaon, Mahim, Colaba, Worli, and Old Woman's Island (also known as Little Colaba)."
},
{
"section_header": "Sports",
"text": "Mumbai is home to the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) and Indian Premier League (IPL)."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Early history",
"text": "The Delhi Sultanate annexed the islands in 1347–48 and controlled it until 1407."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "According to the 2016 report of the Central Pollution Control Board, Mumbai is the noisiest city in India, ahead of Lucknow, Hyderabad and Delhi."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Portuguese and British rule",
"text": "On 11 May 1661, the marriage treaty of Charles II of England and Catherine of Braganza, daughter of King John IV of Portugal, placed the islands in possession of the English Empire, as part of Catherine's dowry to Charles."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Climate",
"text": "The Central Pollution Control Board for the Government of India and the Consulate General of the United States, Mumbai monitor and publicly share real-time air quality data."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Portuguese and British rule",
"text": "With the Treaty of Surat (1775), the British formally gained control of Salsette and Bassein, resulting in the First Anglo-Maratha War."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Independent India",
"text": "In August 1979, a sister township of New Bombay was founded by the City and Industrial Development Corporation (CIDCO) across the Thane and Raigad districts to help the dispersal and control of Bombay's population."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The seven islands that constitute Mumbai were originally home to communities of Marathi language speaking Koli people, For centuries, the islands were under the control of successive indigenous empires before being ceded to the Portuguese Empire and subsequently to the East India Company when in 1661 Charles II of England married Catherine of Braganza and as part of her dowry Charles received the ports of Tangier and Seven Islands of Bombay."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Early history",
"text": "The Mahakali Caves in Andheri were cut out between the 1st century BCE and the 6th century .Between the second century BCE and ninth century CE, the islands came under the control of successive indigenous dynasties: Satavahanas, Western Satraps, Abhira, Vakataka, Kalachuris, Konkan Mauryas, Chalukyas and Rashtrakutas, before being ruled by the Shilaharas from 810 to 1260."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Portuguese and British rule",
"text": "Growing apprehensive of the power of the Mughal emperor Humayun, Sultan Bahadur Shah of Gujarat was obliged to sign the Treaty of Bassein with the Portuguese Empire on 23 December 1534."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Portuguese and British rule",
"text": "1535.The Portuguese were actively involved in the foundation and growth of their Roman Catholic religious orders in Bombay."
}
] | Mumbai was once controlled by Portugal. | 0 | 0 | Mumbai |
Sports | 5 | [
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Early career",
"text": ", Banks received a visit from Jackie Robinson that influenced his quiet presence in baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Early career",
"text": "He was the Cubs' first black player; he became one of several former Negro league players who joined MLB teams without playing in the minor leagues."
}
] | 0D1Dj5LW5RchWqle8CbW | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Banks and Bob Nelson became the first black owners of a U.S. Ford Motor Company dealership in 1967, Ernie Banks Ford on Chicago's south side."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Early career",
"text": "At the same time that Anderson threw the new ball towards second baseman Taylor, Dark threw the original ball to shortstop Ernie Banks."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Early career",
"text": "Absentmindedly, however, Delmore pulled out a new baseball and gave it to Taylor."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Early career",
"text": "He was the Cubs' first black player; he became one of several former Negro league players who joined MLB teams without playing in the minor leagues."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "He later said, \"People knew me only as a baseball player."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "While still in high school, Banks joined the Dallas Black Giants, a semi-pro baseball team, in 1949."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Early career",
"text": "In 1954, Banks' double play partner during his official rookie season was Gene Baker, the Cubs' second black player."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Move to first base",
"text": "Ernie had an unfailing instinct for doing the wrong thing."
},
{
"section_header": "Later years",
"text": "In the same year, the Society for American Baseball Research listed him 27th on a list of the 100 greatest baseball players."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His father, who had worked in construction and was a warehouse loader for a grocery chain, played baseball for black, semi-professional teams in Texas."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Early career",
"text": ", Banks received a visit from Jackie Robinson that influenced his quiet presence in baseball."
}
] | Ernie Banks was the first black baseball player for the New York Yankees. | 2 | 5 | Ernie Banks |
Science | 6 | [
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Marriages",
"text": "After his divorce from Jane in 1995, Hawking married Mason in September, declaring, \"It's wonderful – I have married the woman I love."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Marriages",
"text": "In the late 1980s, Hawking grew close to one of his nurses, Elaine Mason, to the dismay of some colleagues, caregivers, and family members, who were disturbed by her strength of personality and protectiveness."
}
] | 0D3qXiv6ULXlzuvLTIw4 | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Disability",
"text": "One of those employed was Elaine Mason, who was to become Hawking's second wife."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Family",
"text": "1955–2003).In 1950, when Hawking's father became head of the division of parasitology at the National Institute for Medical Research, the family moved to St Albans, Hertfordshire."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Marriages",
"text": "In October 1964, the couple became engaged to marry, aware of the potential challenges that lay ahead due to Hawking's shortened life expectancy and physical limitations."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Marriages",
"text": "After his divorce from Jane in 1995, Hawking married Mason in September, declaring, \"It's wonderful – I have married the woman I love."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Marriages",
"text": "Hawking met his future wife, Jane Wilde, at a party in 1962."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Marriages",
"text": "After a tracheotomy in 1985, Hawking required a nurse 24/7 and nursing care was split across 3 shifts daily."
},
{
"section_header": "Appearances in popular media",
"text": "The same month, it was reported that Hawking's nurse, Patricia Dowdy, had been handed an interim suspension in 2016 for \"failures over his care and financial misconduct.\" In 1988, Hawking, Arthur C. Clarke and Carl Sagan were interviewed in God, the Universe and Everything Else."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Marriages",
"text": "Jane felt overwhelmed by the intrusion into their family life of the required nurses and assistants."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Disability",
"text": "Nurses were hired for the three shifts required to provide the round-the-clock support he required."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1975–1990",
"text": "His promotion coincided with a health crisis which led to his accepting, albeit reluctantly, some nursing services at home."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Marriages",
"text": "In the late 1980s, Hawking grew close to one of his nurses, Elaine Mason, to the dismay of some colleagues, caregivers, and family members, who were disturbed by her strength of personality and protectiveness."
}
] | Hawking's former nurse became his wife in 1995. | 4 | 7 | Stephen Hawking |
History | 1 | [
{
"section_header": "History | Medieval Hungary 895–1526 | Decline of Hungary (1490–1526)",
"text": "The early appearance of Protestantism further worsened internal relations in the country."
}
] | 0DKu6FOnKoslbttpCcnv | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "History | Medieval Hungary 895–1526 | Decline of Hungary (1490–1526)",
"text": "In 1514, the weakened old King Vladislaus II faced a major peasant rebellion led by György Dózsa, which was ruthlessly crushed by the nobles, led by John Zápolya."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Medieval Hungary 895–1526 | Decline of Hungary (1490–1526)",
"text": "King Matthias died without lawful sons, and the Hungarian magnates procured the accession of the Pole Vladislaus II (1490–1516), supposedly because of his weak influence on Hungarian aristocracy."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Medieval Hungary 895–1526 | Age of elected kings",
"text": "The last strong king of medieval Hungary was the Renaissance king Matthias Corvinus (1458–1490), son of John Hunyadi."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Medieval Hungary 895–1526 | Decline of Hungary (1490–1526)",
"text": "The early appearance of Protestantism further worsened internal relations in the country."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Medieval Hungary 895–1526 | Age of elected kings",
"text": "After King Louis died without a male heir, the country was stabilized only when Sigismund of Luxembourg (1387–1437) succeeded to the throne, who in 1433 also became Holy Roman Emperor."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Between the World Wars 1918–1941",
"text": "Due to the full disarmament of its army, Hungary was to remain without a national defence at a time of particular vulnerability."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Medieval Hungary 895–1526 | Age of Árpádian kings",
"text": "His first-born son, Saint Stephen I, became the first King of Hungary after defeating his pagan uncle Koppány, who also claimed the throne."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Ottoman wars 1526–1699",
"text": "The constrained Habsburg Counter-Reformation efforts in the 17th century reconverted the majority of the kingdom to Catholicism."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Religion",
"text": "Stephen promulgated Roman Catholicism as the state religion, and his successors were traditionally known as the Apostolic Kings."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Medieval Hungary 895–1526 | Age of Árpádian kings",
"text": "King Béla IV let Cumans and Jassic people into the country, who were fleeing the Mongols."
}
] | The European country of Hungary was destabilized in the 1500s due to the appearance of Catholicism along with the king dying without lawful sons and a major peasant rebellion. | 1 | 1 | Hungary |
Popular Culture | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The film is not edited in a linear chronological order, wherefore the summaries are simplified and ordered mainly via location and in the order of appearance."
}
] | 0DmUEkhWwtNTbX1xcrVX | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Release",
"text": "Babel was selected to compete for the Palme d'Or at the 2006 Cannes Film Festival."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Babel is a 2006 psychological drama film directed by Alejandro González Iñárritu and written by Guillermo Arriaga."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The film is not edited in a linear chronological order, wherefore the summaries are simplified and ordered mainly via location and in the order of appearance."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Babel was selected to compete for the Palme d'Or at the 2006 Cannes Film Festival, where González Iñárritu won the Best Director Award."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Following this dispute, González Iñárritu banned Arriaga from attending the 2006 Cannes Film Festival screening of Babel, an act for which the director was criticized."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film opened in selected cities in the United States on 27 October 2006, and went into wide release on 10 November 2006."
},
{
"section_header": "Release",
"text": "It opened in selected cities in the United States on 27 October 2006, and went into wide release on 10 November 2006."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Box office performance",
"text": "Released in seven theaters on 27 October 2006, and then released nationwide in 1,251 theaters on 10 November 2006, Babel grossed $34.3 million in North America, and $101 million in the rest of the world, for a worldwide box office total of $135.3 million, against a budget of $25 million."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Box office performance",
"text": "Babel is the highest-grossing film of González Iñárritu's Death Trilogy (including Amores Perros and 21 Grams), both in North America and worldwide."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film was later screened at the Toronto International Film Festival."
}
] | The 2006 film Babel is not linear. | 0 | 0 | Babel (film) |
Sports | 2 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Manchester City Football Club is an English football club based in Manchester that competes in the Premier League, the top flight of English football."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "They since regained promotion to the top tier in 2001–02 and have remained a fixture in the Premier League since 2002–03."
}
] | 0DpvU2ZPW4f3NZTbT6Mh | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After losing the 1981 FA Cup Final, the club went through a period of decline, culminating in relegation to the third tier of English football for the only time in its history in 1998."
},
{
"section_header": "Stadium",
"text": "A 7,000-seat third tier on the South Stand was completed in time for the start of the 2015–16 football season."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "They since regained promotion to the top tier in 2001–02 and have remained a fixture in the Premier League since 2002–03."
},
{
"section_header": "Supporters",
"text": "Even in the late 1990s, when the club were relegated twice in three seasons and playing in the third tier of English football (then Division Two, now Football League One), home attendances were in the region of 30,000, compared to an average for the division of fewer than 8,000."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "After two seasons in Division One, City fell to the lowest point in their history, becoming the second ever European trophy winners to be relegated to their country's third league tier, after 1."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Manchester City Football Club is an English football club based in Manchester that competes in the Premier League, the top flight of English football."
},
{
"section_header": "Stadium",
"text": "A North Stand third tier has planning approval and work on it is expected to begin by 2017, increasing capacity to around 61,000.After playing home matches at five stadiums between 1880 and 1887, the club settled at Hyde Road Football Stadium, its home for 36 years."
},
{
"section_header": "Stadium",
"text": "The pitch was lowered, adding another tier of seating around it, and a new North Stand built."
},
{
"section_header": "Supporters",
"text": "Since moving to the City of Manchester Stadium, Manchester City's average attendances have been in the top six in England, usually in excess of 40,000."
},
{
"section_header": "Ownership and finances | City Football Group",
"text": "Through the City Football Group, City owns stakes in a number of clubs: Melbourne City FC (2014–present)On"
}
] | Manchester City Football Club reentered the top tier after falling to third tier in 1998. | 1 | 4 | Manchester City F.C. |
Sports | 6 | [
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Return to baseball",
"text": "Following his discharge from the military, Day returned to the Eagles in time for Opening Day on May 5, 1946."
}
] | 0ENHZ2d9bC6o2mooXqPK | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | World War II",
"text": "On September 1, 1943, Day was drafted into military service."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | World War II",
"text": "Day and fellow Negro leaguer Willard Brown were recruited to the Overseas Invasion Service Expedition (OISE) All-Stars; Philadelphia Phillies pitcher"
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | World War II",
"text": "The team easily overcame the competition to reach the ETO World Series to face the 71st Infantry Division team, composed predominantly of Major League Baseball players."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | World War II",
"text": "Following VE-Day, he was stationed in France."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | World War II",
"text": "He was commissioned in the 818th Amphibian Battalion and landed on Utah Beach six days after Operation Overlord to drop supplies."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | World War II",
"text": "Before a crowd of 50,000 at Stadion Nürnberg in Germany, Day pitched in Game Two for a 2–1 victory as the OISE"
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | World War II",
"text": "Sam Nahem was the player-manager of the team."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | World War II",
"text": "By contrast, the OISE club consisted of a mismatched roster of various minor leaguers, Negro leaguers, and semi-professionals."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | World War II",
"text": "All-Stars eventually won the championship in five games."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Return to baseball",
"text": "Following his discharge from the military, Day returned to the Eagles in time for Opening Day on May 5, 1946."
}
] | Leon Day served in World War II then returned to baseball after his service. | 2 | 6 | Leon Day |
Sports | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Franchise history | 1946–1962: Early years",
"text": "The Warriors were founded in 1946 as the Philadelphia Warriors, a charter member of the Basketball Association of America."
}
] | 0ElcD3lQ0c4UWCNWbrkP | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Golden State Warriors are an American professional basketball team based in San Francisco."
},
{
"section_header": "Franchise history | 2009–present: Stephen Curry era | Move from Oakland back to San Francisco",
"text": "Although the Warriors considered a name change, possibly returning to their former name of San Francisco Warriors, it was ultimately decided that they would remain the Golden State Warriors upon their return to San Francisco."
},
{
"section_header": "Franchise history | 2009–present: Stephen Curry era | Move from Oakland back to San Francisco",
"text": "The new location, which still faced some vocal opposition in San Francisco, eliminated the need for voter approval as required with the original site."
},
{
"section_header": "Players | Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame members",
"text": "Rodgers' tenure was evenly divided between Philadelphia and San Francisco, and"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Founded in 1946 in Philadelphia, the Warriors moved to the San Francisco Bay Area in 1962 and took the city's name, before changing its geographic moniker to Golden State in 1971."
},
{
"section_header": "Players | Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame members",
"text": "Of those elected to the hall primarily as Warriors, only Thurmond, Barry and Mullin spent significant time with the team since the 1971 move to Oakland and the name change to \"Golden State\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Franchise history | 2009–present: Stephen Curry era | Move from Oakland back to San Francisco",
"text": "In April 2014, the Warriors began the purchase process for a 12-acre (4.9 ha) site in Mission Bay, San Francisco, to hold a new 18,000-seat arena, which was expected to be ready beginning with the 2019–20 NBA season."
},
{
"section_header": "Franchise history | 1959–1965: The Wilt Chamberlain era",
"text": "In 1962, Franklin Mieuli purchased the majority shares of the team and relocated the franchise to the San Francisco Bay Area, renaming them the San Francisco Warriors."
},
{
"section_header": "Franchise history | 2009–present: Stephen Curry era | 2012–2014: Moving toward success",
"text": "At the time, many basketball writers considered the move risky for Golden State because of Curry's injury history."
},
{
"section_header": "Players | Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame members",
"text": "Marčiulionis played most of his NBA career with Golden State, but his induction is also for his distinguished international career (Statyba, USSR, and Lithuania)."
},
{
"section_header": "Franchise history | 1946–1962: Early years",
"text": "The Warriors were founded in 1946 as the Philadelphia Warriors, a charter member of the Basketball Association of America."
}
] | The San Francisco basketball team The Golden State Warriors was originally in Philadelphia. | 0 | 0 | Golden State Warriors |
History | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "[tʰɛ̂ːbai̯]) is a city in Boeotia, central Greece."
}
] | 0FuoMJ1QtOMEC75xtCwq | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "History | Mythic record",
"text": "Cadmus was famous for teaching the Phoenician alphabet and building the Acropolis, which was named the Cadmeia in his honor and was an intellectual, spiritual, and cultural center."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Archaic and classical periods",
"text": "The great citadel of Cadmea served this purpose well by holding out as a base of resistance when the Athenians overran and occupied the rest of the country (457–447 BC)."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography",
"text": "Motorway 1 and the Athens–Thessaloniki railway connect Thebes with Athens and northern Greece."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Decline and destruction",
"text": "In the Third Sacred War (356—346 BC) with its neighbor Phocis, Thebes lost its predominance in central Greece."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "[tʰɛ̂ːbai̯]) is a city in Boeotia, central Greece."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Archaic and classical periods",
"text": "The winners were hailed throughout Greece as champions of the oppressed."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Archaic and classical periods",
"text": "The aversion to Athens best serves to explain the apparently unpatriotic attitude which Thebes displayed during the Persian invasion of Greece (480–479 BC)."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Archaic and classical periods",
"text": "In 457 BC Sparta, needing a counterpoise against Athens in central Greece, reversed her policy and reinstated Thebes as the dominant power in Boeotia."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Hellenistic and Roman periods | Restoration by Cassander",
"text": "In restoring Thebes, Cassander sought to rectify the perceived wrongs of Alexander - a gesture of generosity that earned Cassander much goodwill throughout Greece."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Prior to its destruction by Alexander in 335 BC, Thebes was a major force in Greek history, and was the most dominant city-state at the time of the Macedonian conquest of Greece."
}
] | Thebes, Greece is located in the center of the country. | 0 | 0 | Thebes, Greece |
Geography | 5 | [
{
"section_header": "History | 20th century",
"text": "Both Hitler in 1940 and de Gaulle in 1944 observed this custom."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 20th century",
"text": "After the interment of the Unknown Soldier, however, all military parades (including the aforementioned post-1919) have avoided marching through the actual arch."
}
] | 0GR7QPeJTzYYCMDvYwYh | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "History | 20th century",
"text": "By the early 1960s, the monument had grown very blackened from coal soot and automobile exhaust, and during 1965–1966 it was cleaned through bleaching."
},
{
"section_header": "Design | Monument",
"text": "The steel and new media installation interrogates the symbolism of the national monument, questioning the balance of its symbolic message during the last two centuries, oscillating between war and peace."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Beneath its vault lies the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier from World War I."
},
{
"section_header": "Design | Tomb of the Unknown Soldier",
"text": "It burns in memory of the dead who were never identified (now in both world wars)."
},
{
"section_header": "Details",
"text": "This group served as a recruitment tool in the early months of World War I and encouraged the French to invest in war loans in 1915–1916."
},
{
"section_header": "Details",
"text": "La Résistance de 1814, by Antoine Étex commemorates the French Resistance to the Allied Armies during the War of the Sixth Coalition."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Three weeks after the Paris victory parade in 1919 (marking the end of hostilities in World War I), Charles Godefroy flew his Nieuport biplane under the arch's primary vault, with the event captured on newsreel."
},
{
"section_header": "Design | Tomb of the Unknown Soldier",
"text": "Beneath the Arc is the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier from World War I. Interred on Armistice Day 1920, it has the first eternal flame lit in Western and Eastern Europe since the Vestal Virgins' fire was extinguished in the fourth century."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 20th century",
"text": "After the interment of the Unknown Soldier, however, all military parades (including the aforementioned post-1919) have avoided marching through the actual arch."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 20th century",
"text": "A United States postage stamp of 1945 shows the Arc de Triomphe in the background as victorious American troops march down"
},
{
"section_header": "History | 20th century",
"text": "Both Hitler in 1940 and de Gaulle in 1944 observed this custom."
}
] | Even enemy combatants during the second World War did not walk troops through the monument directly. | 3 | 9 | Arc de Triomphe |
History | 3 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Dorr Rebellion (1841–1842) was an attempt by middle-class residents to force broader democracy in the U.S. state of Rhode Island, where a small rural elite was in control of government."
}
] | 0GsSCKb4ez9MHYvMffrI | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Rebellion",
"text": "In 1841, suffrage supporters led by Dorr gave up on attempts to change the system from within."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A later legislative rule required that a man had to be white and own $134 in property in order to vote."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Dorr Rebellion (1841–1842) was an attempt by middle-class residents to force broader democracy in the U.S. state of Rhode Island, where a small rural elite was in control of government."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretations",
"text": "Gettleman (1973) hailed it as an early working-class attempt to overthrow an elitist government."
},
{
"section_header": "Rebellion",
"text": "Most of the state militiamen were Irishmen newly enfranchised by the Dorr referendum; they supported him."
},
{
"section_header": "Precursors and causes",
"text": "Before the 1840s, activists made several attempts to replace the colonial charter with a new state constitution that provided broader voting rights, but all failed."
},
{
"section_header": "Rebellion",
"text": "Dorr disbanded his forces, realizing that he would be defeated in battle by the approaching militia, and fled the state."
},
{
"section_header": "Rebellion",
"text": "In addition, among the defenders of Providence were many black men who had supported Dorr before he dropped them from his call for suffrage."
},
{
"section_header": "Rebellion",
"text": "Defenders of the arsenal on the \"Charterite\" side (those who supported the original charter) included Dorr's father Sullivan Dorr and his uncle Crawford Allen."
},
{
"section_header": "Rebellion",
"text": "Dorr had originally supported granting voting rights to blacks, but he changed his position in 1840 because of pressure from white immigrants, who wanted to gain the vote first."
}
] | Dorr Rebellion was attempted by a man in Virginia. | 4 | 4 | Dorr Rebellion |
Literature | 5 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Ingenious Gentleman Don Quixote of La Mancha (Modern Spanish: El ingenioso hidalgo (in Part 2, caballero) Don Quijote de la Mancha, pronounced [el iŋxeˈnjoso iˈðalɣo ðoŋ kiˈxote ðe la ˈmantʃa] (listen)), or just Don Quixote (, US: , Spanish: [doŋ kiˈxote] (listen)), is a Spanish novel by Miguel de Cervantes."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was published in two parts, in 1605 and 1615."
}
] | 0HAiynzKUnpvhQSSUM5W | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Summary | Part 2",
"text": "Although the two parts are now published as a single work, Don Quixote, Part Two was a sequel published ten years after the original novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary | Part 2",
"text": "Cervantes' meta-fictional device was to make even the characters in the story familiar with the publication of Part One, as well as with an actually published, fraudulent Part Two."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "When first published, Don Quixote was usually interpreted as a comic novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication | English editions in translation",
"text": "The last English translation of the novel in the 20th century was by Burton Raffel, published in 1996."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication | English editions in translation",
"text": "\"In 2005, the year of the novel's 400th anniversary, Tom Lathrop published a new English translation of the novel, based on a lifetime of specialized study of the novel and its history."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary | Part 2",
"text": "As Part Two begins, it is assumed that the literate classes of Spain have all read the first part of the story."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was published in two parts, in 1605 and 1615."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary | Part 2",
"text": "While Part One was mostly farcical, the second half is more serious and philosophical about the theme of deception."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary | Part 2",
"text": "Part Two of Don Quixote explores the concept of a character understanding that he is written about, an idea much explored in the 20th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication",
"text": "Parts One and Two were published as one edition in Barcelona in 1617."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Ingenious Gentleman Don Quixote of La Mancha (Modern Spanish: El ingenioso hidalgo (in Part 2, caballero) Don Quijote de la Mancha, pronounced [el iŋxeˈnjoso iˈðalɣo ðoŋ kiˈxote ðe la ˈmantʃa] (listen)), or just Don Quixote (, US: , Spanish: [doŋ kiˈxote] (listen)), is a Spanish novel by Miguel de Cervantes."
}
] | The novel was published in 2 parts. | 2 | 6 | Don Quixote |
Sports | 2 | [
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He attended Gettysburg Academy, a prep school affiliated with the college."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "However, he played for the college's team without ever being enrolled there."
}
] | 0HLd3BwYdEYy4VadRP55 | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "History books often erroneously state that Plank graduated from Gettysburg College."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He attended Gettysburg Academy, a prep school affiliated with the college."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Plank did not play baseball until Frank Foreman, the pitching coach at Gettysburg College, asked him to try out for the school's baseball team."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "began planning for the Eddie Plank Memorial Gymnasium at the college shortly after Plank's death."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The first full-length biography of Eddie Plank entitled Gettysburg Eddie: The Story of Eddie Plank by Lawrence Knorr was published in 2018 by Sunbury Press."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "They had a son, named Edward Stewart Plank Jr. Plank's brother Ira was the baseball coach at Gettysburg College for more than 20 years."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Edward Stewart Plank (August 31, 1875 – February 24, 1926), nicknamed \"Gettysburg Eddie\", was an American professional baseball player."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1946 and voted into the Pennsylvania Sports Hall of Fame in 1972.Gettysburg College"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A pitcher, Plank played in Major League Baseball for the Philadelphia Athletics from 1901 through 1914, the St. Louis Terriers in 1915, and the St. Louis Browns in 1916 and 1917."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In December, Plank signed a contract to play in the Federal League."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "However, he played for the college's team without ever being enrolled there."
}
] | Eddie Plank attended and played baseball Gettysburg College, but did not graduate. | 1 | 3 | Eddie Plank |
Music | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Early years",
"text": "Isaac hoped to secure permanent employment in Paris but failed to do so and returned to Cologne."
}
] | 0HzoXbfFGHpZOWTTOSoy | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Cello virtuoso",
"text": "Having left the conservatoire, Offenbach was free from the stern academicism of Cherubini's curriculum, but as the biographer James Harding writes, \"he was free, also, to starve.\" He secured a few temporary jobs in theatre orchestras before gaining a permanent appointment in 1835 as a cellist at the Opéra-Comique."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Early years",
"text": "Isaac hoped to secure permanent employment in Paris but failed to do so and returned to Cologne."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Early years",
"text": "By contrast, Jacques was bored by academic study and left after a year."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and reputation | Reputation",
"text": "Debussy rated them higher than The Tales of Hoffmann: \"The one work in which [Offenbach] tried to be serious met with no success.\" A London critic wrote, on Offenbach's death: I somewhere read that some of Offenbach's latest work shows him to be capable of more ambitious work."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Finding the management of Paris' Opéra-Comique company uninterested in staging his works, in 1855 he leased a small theatre in the Champs-Élysées."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Salle Choiseul",
"text": "An earlier biographer, André Martinet, wrote, \"Jacques spent money without counting."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | War and aftermath",
"text": "He returned to France in July 1876, with profits that were handsome but not spectacular."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Early years",
"text": "As he was by then the permanent cantor of the local synagogue, Isaac could afford to pay for his son to take lessons from the well-known cellist Bernhard Breuer."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Early years",
"text": "Both brothers adopted French forms of their names, Julius becoming Jules and Jacob becoming Jacques."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | War and aftermath",
"text": "La Grande-Duchesse de Gérolstein was banned in France because of its antimilitarist satire."
}
] | Jacques Offenbach tried to find a permanent job in France. | 0 | 0 | Jacques Offenbach |
Sports | 3 | [
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "McCarthy moved to the National League and played with the Boston Beaneaters the following season and the Philadelphia Quakers the following two years but failed to bat higher than .200 in any season, although in limited at-bats."
}
] | 0JCetFusLCdoeyWtzTfE | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "McCarthy moved back to the National League to play for the Boston Beaneaters in 1892 and enjoyed his most productive seasons over the next few years."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "McCarthy moved to the National League and played with the Boston Beaneaters the following season and the Philadelphia Quakers the following two years but failed to bat higher than .200 in any season, although in limited at-bats."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In limited innings and at-bats, he played poorly, batting at a paltry .215 average, and lost all seven of his pitching appearances."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "With the Browns until 1891, McCarthy scored over 100 runs each season and grew increasingly productive at the plate."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "McCarthy was born on July 24, 1863 in Boston, Massachusetts, the eldest son of Daniel and Sarah McCarthy."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "McCarthy joined the Boston Reds in the Union Association in 1884 as a starting pitcher and outfielder."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Their Boston team was one of the most successful clubs of the era."
},
{
"section_header": "Hall of Fame selection",
"text": "This play, among other novel strategies (such as batter to baserunner signals, etc.) that he and his Boston teammates utilized, were a clever and gentlemanly counter to the rough and tumble \"Baltimore\" style of play which was, at the time, giving baseball a bad name."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "McCarthy played for the Brooklyn Bridegrooms in 1896 before retiring."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "The press of the day called McCarthy and teammate Hugh Duffy the \"Heavenly Twins\"."
}
] | McCarthy had his most productive years in the sport under the Boston Beaneaters. | 2 | 3 | Tommy McCarthy |
Literature | 4 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Nineteen Eighty-Four: A Novel, often published as 1984, is a dystopian novel by English novelist George Orwell."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was published on 8 June 1949 by Secker & Warburg as Orwell's ninth and final book completed in his lifetime."
}
] | 0JKykayntCfKUva7qD3m | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Cultural impact",
"text": "In 1970, the American rock group Spirit released the song \"1984\" based on Orwell's novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural impact",
"text": "In September 2009, the English progressive rock band Muse released The Resistance, which included songs influenced by Nineteen Eighty-Four."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Nineteen Eighty-Four: A Novel, often published as 1984, is a dystopian novel by English novelist George Orwell."
},
{
"section_header": "Background and title",
"text": "On 4 December 1948, he sent the final manuscript to the publisher Secker and Warburg, and Nineteen Eighty-Four was published on 8 June 1949."
},
{
"section_header": "Background and title",
"text": "The Last Man in Europe was an early title for the novel, but in a letter dated 22 October 1948 to his publisher Fredric Warburg, eight months before publication, Orwell wrote about hesitating between that title and Nineteen Eighty-Four."
},
{
"section_header": "Background and title",
"text": "There's a very popular theory—so popular that many people don't realize it is just a theory—that Orwell's title was simply a satirical inversion of 1948, but there is no evidence for this whatsoever."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was published on 8 June 1949 by Secker & Warburg as Orwell's ninth and final book completed in his lifetime."
},
{
"section_header": "Background and title",
"text": "The original manuscript for Nineteen Eighty-Four is significantly the only literary manuscript of Orwell's to survive; it is presently held at the John Hay Library at Brown University."
},
{
"section_header": "Sources for literary motifs",
"text": "Glenn Miller recorded the song in 1939.The \"Hates\" (Two Minutes Hate and Hate Week) were inspired by the constant rallies sponsored by party organs throughout the Stalinist period."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Nationalism",
"text": "Nineteen Eighty-Four expands upon the subjects summarised in Orwell's essay"
}
] | George Orwell's final novel Nineteen Eighty-Four inspired a rock song titled "1984" by Spirit. | 2 | 5 | Nineteen Eighty-Four |
Sports | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Thome spent over a decade with the Tribe, before leaving via free agency after the 2002 season, to join the Philadelphia Phillies, with whom he spent the following three seasons."
}
] | 0JYmA2vS0yaJoixYZsgS | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Cleveland Indians (1991–2002) | 1998–2002",
"text": "During his stint with the Cleveland Indians, when Jim Thome would hit a home run, the scoreboard would often display \"THOME RUN\" to mark this accomplishment."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Early in his career, Thome played third base, before eventually becoming a first baseman."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Cleveland Indians (1991–2002) | 1998–2002",
"text": "On December 6, 2002, Thome, who was a free agent, signed a six-year, $85 million contract with the Philadelphia Phillies – he thought the Phillies were closer to winning a championship than the Indians."
},
{
"section_header": "Player profile | Playing characteristics",
"text": "Thome credits his calm demeanor to his role model during his early playing years, Eddie Murray, once commenting, \"Eddie taught me to play the game exactly the same when you fail and when you succeed."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Thome spent over a decade with the Tribe, before leaving via free agency after the 2002 season, to join the Philadelphia Phillies, with whom he spent the following three seasons."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career",
"text": "\" In March 2014, Thome clarified that he is not officially retired; while he \"loves\" his front office job with the White Sox, he would \"have to take\" a call about him playing again."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Philadelphia Phillies (2003–2005)",
"text": "He ended the 2004 Phillies season with 42 home runs."
},
{
"section_header": "Player profile | Personality",
"text": "I saw the Twins and Phillies play each other in Philadelphia when Thome was with the Twins, and the same two teams in Minnesota two years later when Thome was a Phillie, and the opposing crowd cheered Thome both times, even when he hit home runs for the road team."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Philadelphia Phillies (2003–2005)",
"text": "Since Philadelphia was willing to trade him, Thome waived the no-trade clause in his contract for the good of the team and requested that if possible, they trade him to Chicago so he could be with his father."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Philadelphia Phillies (2003–2005)",
"text": "The Phillies traded Thome and cash considerations to the Chicago White Sox on November 25, 2005, for outfielder Aaron Rowand and minor league pitching prospects Gio González and Daniel Haigwood."
}
] | Jim Thome played for the Cleveland Indians before he played for the Philadelphia Phillies. | 0 | 0 | Jim Thome |
History | 6 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It played an important role in the internal conflicts of France and for most of its history was used as a state prison by the kings of France."
}
] | 0JtUoGjCx8C5alaBSHgt | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "History | The French Revolution | Destruction",
"text": "The ruins of the Bastille rapidly became iconic across France."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It played an important role in the internal conflicts of France and for most of its history was used as a state prison by the kings of France."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 15th century",
"text": "Paris was finally recaptured by Charles VII of France in 1436."
},
{
"section_header": "Remains",
"text": "The Bastille's archives are now held by the Bibliothèque nationale de France."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 14th century",
"text": "The Bastille was built in response to a threat to Paris during the Hundred Years' War between England and France."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The innovative design proved influential in both France and England and was widely copied."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Souvenirs of the fortress were transported around France and displayed as icons of the overthrow of despotism."
},
{
"section_header": "History | The French Revolution | Destruction",
"text": "Within hours of its capture the Bastille began to be used as a powerful symbol to give legitimacy to the revolutionary movement in France."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 14th century",
"text": "The Bastille design was copied at Pierrefonds and Tarascon in France, while its architectural influence extended as far as Nunney Castle in south-west England."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Reigns of Louis XV and Louis XVI (1723–1789) | Use of the prison",
"text": "Throughout this period, but particularly in the middle of the 18th century, the Bastille was used by the police to suppress the trade in illegal and seditious books in France."
}
] | France doesn't value the Bastille. | 2 | 6 | Bastille |
History | 2 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "[O.S. 14 December] 1825. Russian army officers led about 3,000 soldiers in a protest against Tsar Nicholas"
}
] | 0JzBdRXR2OpB2J2NtM14 | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "At Senate Square",
"text": "When Constantine made his renunciation public, and Nicholas stepped forward to assume the throne, the Northern Society acted."
},
{
"section_header": "Union of Salvation and Union of Prosperity",
"text": "But the Decembrists were against slavery in the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "\"Constantine and Constitution\" anecdote",
"text": "There was an anecdote that soldiers in Saint Petersburg were said to chant \"Constantine and Constitution\", but when questioned, many of them professed to believe that \"Constitution\" (which is grammatically female in Russian Konstitutsiya) was Constantine's wife."
},
{
"section_header": "Decembrists in Siberia",
"text": "They established \"academies\" made up of libraries, schools, and symposia."
},
{
"section_header": "At Senate Square",
"text": "These efforts culminated in the Decembrist Revolt."
},
{
"section_header": "Decembrists in Siberia",
"text": "This process of petitioning, and the resultant concessions made by the tsar and officials, was and would continue to be a standard practice of political exiles in Siberia."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Decembrist revolt or the Decembrist uprising (Russian: Восстание декабристов, tr."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "[O.S. 14 December] 1825. Russian army officers led about 3,000 soldiers in a protest against Tsar Nicholas"
},
{
"section_header": "At Senate Square",
"text": "The revolt was hampered when it was deserted by its supposed leader Prince Trubetskoy."
},
{
"section_header": "Arrests and trial",
"text": "The Southern Society, and a nationalistic group called the United Slavs, discussed revolt."
}
] | The Decembrist Revolt was made to object against Constantine. | 1 | 3 | Decembrist revolt |
Sports | 6 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Henry Benjamin Greenberg (born Hyman Greenberg; January 1, 1911 – September 4, 1986), nicknamed \"Hammerin' Hank\", \"Hankus Pankus\", or \"The Hebrew Hammer\", was an American professional baseball player and team executive."
}
] | 0K3DLK9oD7KN8Tu9y42t | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His family moved to the Bronx when he was about seven."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Hank Greenberg was born Hyman Greenberg on January 1, 1911, in Greenwich Village, New York City, to Romanian Orthodox Jewish parents, David and Sarah Greenberg, who had emigrated from Bucharest."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "The family owned a successful cloth-shrinking plant in New York."
},
{
"section_header": "In media | Books",
"text": "Hank Greenberg: The Story of My Life."
},
{
"section_header": "In media | Books",
"text": "Hank Greenberg; Ira Berkow (2001)."
},
{
"section_header": "Miscellaneous",
"text": "Greenberg was the first baseman on Stein's Jewish team."
},
{
"section_header": "In media | Books",
"text": "Hank Greenberg: The Hero Who Didn't Want To Be One."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Major leagues | Early years",
"text": "Fans grumbled, \"Rosh Hashanah comes every year but the Tigers haven't won the pennant since 1909."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Greenberg was the first Jewish superstar in American team sports."
},
{
"section_header": "In media | Books",
"text": "John Rosengren (2013). Hank Greenberg: The Hero of Heroes."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Henry Benjamin Greenberg (born Hyman Greenberg; January 1, 1911 – September 4, 1986), nicknamed \"Hammerin' Hank\", \"Hankus Pankus\", or \"The Hebrew Hammer\", was an American professional baseball player and team executive."
}
] | Hank Greenberg comes from a Jewish family. | 2 | 6 | Hank Greenberg |
Popular Culture | 3 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The book won the National Book Award and Pulitzer Prize for fiction, and it was cited prominently when Steinbeck was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1962.Set during the Great Depression, the novel focuses on the Joads, a poor family of tenant farmers driven from their Oklahoma home by drought, economic hardship, agricultural industry changes, and bank foreclosures forcing tenant farmers out of work."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Due to their nearly hopeless situation, and in part because they are trapped in the Dust Bowl, the Joads set out for California along with thousands of other \"Okies\" seeking jobs, land, dignity, and a future."
}
] | 0LAFfu72FVooLCtUEfKr | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The Joads quietly leave the orchard to work at a cotton farm, where Tom remains at risk of being arrested for the homicide."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "When they arrive at Tom's childhood farm home, they find it deserted."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The remaining Joads find work as strikebreakers in a peach orchard, where Casy is involved in a strike that eventually turns violent."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Noah Joad: The eldest Joad son, he is the first to leave the family, near Needles, California, planning to live off fishing on the Colorado River."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Knowing he must leave the area or risk being caught and his family blacklisted from working,"
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Mr. Wainwright: A fellow laborer on the cotton farm in California; he is the husband of Mrs. Wainwright."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Reaching California, they find the state oversupplied with labor; wages are low, and workers are exploited to the point of starvation."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "He couldn' leave it.\" Granma Joad: Grampa's religious wife"
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Tom finds his family loading their remaining possessions into a Hudson sedan converted into a truck; with their crops destroyed by the Dust Bowl, the family has defaulted on their bank loans, and their farm has been repossessed."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Grampa is drugged by his family with \"soothin' syrup\" to force him to leave with them for California, but he dies during the first evening on the road."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The book won the National Book Award and Pulitzer Prize for fiction, and it was cited prominently when Steinbeck was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1962.Set during the Great Depression, the novel focuses on the Joads, a poor family of tenant farmers driven from their Oklahoma home by drought, economic hardship, agricultural industry changes, and bank foreclosures forcing tenant farmers out of work."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Due to their nearly hopeless situation, and in part because they are trapped in the Dust Bowl, the Joads set out for California along with thousands of other \"Okies\" seeking jobs, land, dignity, and a future."
}
] | The Joads leave their farm to find work in California. | 3 | 6 | The Grapes of Wrath |
Popular Culture | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Career | 2005–2007: Breakthrough with Junebug and Enchanted",
"text": "Disillusioned by her firing from Dr. Vegas, 30-year-old Adams considered quitting acting altogether after completing work on the independent comedy-drama Junebug, which had a production budget of under $1 million."
}
] | 0LSRamCX9tSUStGuGCr1 | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "She frequently breaks into song when stressed at work."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1994–2004: Dinner theater and early screen appearances",
"text": "Adams instead enrolled in acting classes, realizing that she had \"a lot to learn and a lot of self-growth to work through\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Amy Lou Adams was born on August 20, 1974, to American parents Richard and Kathryn Adams, when her father was stationed with the United States Army at the Caserma Ederle military complex in Vicenza, Italy."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Amy Lou Adams (born August 20, 1974) is an American actress."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "One of her first stage roles was in a community theater production of Annie, which she did on a volunteer basis."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Adams has compared her uninhibited early years with her siblings to Lord of the Flies."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2013–2017: Established actress",
"text": "When she was first offered the part, she passed on it to avoid playing another naïve woman."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2008–2012: Ingénue parts and expansion to dramatic roles",
"text": "The director Shawn Levy said that the role allowed Adams to showcase her acting range; Adams believed it to be the first time she was allowed to play a confident character on screen."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1994–2004: Dinner theater and early screen appearances",
"text": "My body was wearing out.\" During her time at Chanhassen, Adams acted in her first film—a black-and-white short satire named The Chromium Hook."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1994–2004: Dinner theater and early screen appearances",
"text": "Following brief roles in three small-scale features of 2002—The Slaughter Rule, Pumpkin, and Serving Sara—Adams got her first high-profile part in Steven Spielberg's comedy-drama Catch Me"
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2005–2007: Breakthrough with Junebug and Enchanted",
"text": "Disillusioned by her firing from Dr. Vegas, 30-year-old Adams considered quitting acting altogether after completing work on the independent comedy-drama Junebug, which had a production budget of under $1 million."
}
] | Adams had her first break through part in her early 20s. | 0 | 0 | Amy Adams |
Technology | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Operations | Financials and ownership",
"text": "On June 19, 2015, eBay Inc. announced that it would divest its stake back to Craigslist for an undisclosed amount, and settle its litigation with the company."
}
] | 0LZ0uJIfHe9e60QjHNTe | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Operations | Financials and ownership",
"text": "eBay owned approximately 25%, and Newmark is believed to own the largest stake."
},
{
"section_header": "Operations | Financials and ownership",
"text": "The company was believed to be owned principally by Newmark, Buckmaster and eBay (the three board members)."
},
{
"section_header": "Operations | Financials and ownership",
"text": "In April 2008, eBay announced it was suing Craigslist to \"safeguard its four-year financial investment\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Operations | Financials and ownership",
"text": "eBay claimed that in January 2008, Craigslist executives took actions that \"unfairly diluted eBay's economic interest by more than 10%\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Operations | Financials and ownership",
"text": "On June 19, 2015, eBay Inc. announced that it would divest its stake back to Craigslist for an undisclosed amount, and settle its litigation with the company."
},
{
"section_header": "Operations | Financials and ownership",
"text": "Analysts and commentators have reported varying figures for its annual revenue, ranging from $10 million in 2004, $20 million in 2005, and $25 million in 2006 to possibly $150 million in 2007.On August 13, 2004, Newmark announced on his blog that auction giant eBay had purchased a 25% stake in the company from a former employee."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticism",
"text": "In 2012, Craigslist sued PadMapper, a site that hoped to improve the user interface for browsing housing ads, and 3Taps, a company that helped PadMapper obtain data from Craigslist, in Craigslist v. 3Taps."
},
{
"section_header": "Site characteristics | Adult services controversy",
"text": "On May 13, 2009, Craigslist announced that it would close the erotic services section, replacing it with an adult services section to be reviewed by Craigslist employees."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Films",
"text": "24 Hours on Craigslist (2005), an American feature-length documentary that captures the people and stories behind a single day's posts on Craigslist"
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Craigslist incorporated as a private for-profit company in 1999."
}
] | EBay owns Craigslist. | 1 | 1 | Craigslist |
Popular Culture | 5 | [
{
"section_header": "Career | Early career (1991–95)",
"text": "He made his screen debut in 1991, in a Law & Order episode called \"The Violence of Summer\", playing a man accused of rape."
}
] | 0MhfvUpypF9ZPyMPG2S8 | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Philip Seymour Hoffman (July 23, 1967 – February 2, 2014) was an American actor, director, and producer."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Critical acclaim (2005–09)",
"text": "Hoffman took the title role for a project that he co-produced and helped come to fruition."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Early career (1991–95)",
"text": "After this, he adopted his grandfather's name, Seymour, to avoid confusion with another actor."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | A rising actor (1996–99)",
"text": "Hoffman took an unflattering role in Todd Solondz's Happiness (1998), a misanthropic comedy about the lives of three sisters and those around them."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Final years (2010–14)",
"text": "\" The other was God's Pocket, the directorial debut of actor John Slattery, in which Hoffman played a thief."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception and acting style",
"text": "Joel Schumacher once said of him in 2000, \"The bad news is that Philip won't be a $25-million star."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The feature Jack Goes Boating (2010) marked his debut as a filmmaker."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Final years (2010–14)",
"text": "In 2013, Hoffman joined the popular Hunger Games series in its second film, The Hunger Games: Catching Fire, where he played gamemaker Plutarch Heavensbee."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Final years (2010–14)",
"text": "the time of his death, Hoffman was filming The Hunger Games: Mockingjay – Part 2, the final film in the series, and had already completed the majority of his scenes."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Critical acclaim (2005–09)",
"text": "Returning to independent films in 2007, Hoffman began with a starring role in Tamara Jenkins's The Savages, where Laura Linney and he played siblings responsible for putting their dementia-ridden father (Philip Bosco) in a care home."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Early career (1991–95)",
"text": "He made his screen debut in 1991, in a Law & Order episode called \"The Violence of Summer\", playing a man accused of rape."
}
] | Philip Seymour Hoffman took debuted in a television series in the 1990's. | 3 | 8 | Philip Seymour Hoffman |
Literature | 3 | [
{
"section_header": "Collection and compilation | Publishing | Translations",
"text": "Of the few complete translations into English, it is only the older translations by John Martin Crawford (1888) and William Forsell Kirby (1907) which attempt to strictly follow the original (Kalevala metre) of the poems."
}
] | 0MiHuw9OC5Nztjkd63DP | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Collection and compilation | Poetry | Form and structure",
"text": "The rhythm could vary but the music was arranged in either two or four lines in 54 metre."
},
{
"section_header": "Collection and compilation | Poetry | Form and structure | Metre",
"text": "The Kalevala's metre is a form of trochaic tetrameter that is now known as the Kalevala metre."
},
{
"section_header": "Collection and compilation | Poetry | Form and structure | Metre",
"text": "mi/nun te/keviTraditional poetry in the Kalevala metre uses both types with approximately the same frequency."
},
{
"section_header": "Collection and compilation | Poetry | Form and structure | Schemes",
"text": "There are two main schemes featured in the Kalevala: AlliterationAlliteration can be broken into two forms."
},
{
"section_header": "Collection and compilation | Poetry | Form and structure | Metre",
"text": "Despite the vast geographical distance and customary spheres separating individual singers, the folk poetry the Kalevala is based on was always sung in the same metre."
},
{
"section_header": "Collection and compilation | Publishing | Finnish language",
"text": "It was published in two volumes in 1835–1836."
},
{
"section_header": "Collection and compilation | Publishing | Finnish language",
"text": "The Old Kalevala consisted of 12,078 verses making up a total of thirty-two poems."
},
{
"section_header": "Collection and compilation | Poetry | Form and structure | Metre",
"text": "The alteration of normal and broken tetrameters is a characteristic difference between the Kalevala metre and other forms of trochaic tetrameter."
},
{
"section_header": "Collection and compilation | Poetry | History",
"text": "He hoped that such an endeavour would incite a sense of nationality and independence in the native Finnish people."
},
{
"section_header": "The story | Characters | Louhi",
"text": "She has many daughters whom the heroes of Kalevala make many attempts, some successful, to seduce."
},
{
"section_header": "Collection and compilation | Publishing | Translations",
"text": "Of the few complete translations into English, it is only the older translations by John Martin Crawford (1888) and William Forsell Kirby (1907) which attempt to strictly follow the original (Kalevala metre) of the poems."
}
] | There are only two attempts to render the Kalevala in the tongue of the British people without losing the Finnish metre of the poetry. | 0 | 3 | Kalevala |
History | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "He died on May 29, 1998, at the age of 89 at his long-time home in Paradise Valley, Arizona, of complications from the stroke."
}
] | 0NggxQsEkIlySKxDa7ku | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Goldwater Scholarship",
"text": "The Barry M. Goldwater Scholarship and Excellence in Education Program was established by Congress in 1986."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Buildings and monuments",
"text": "Among the buildings and monuments named after Barry Goldwater are: the Barry M. Goldwater Terminal at Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport, Goldwater Memorial Park in Paradise Valley, Arizona, the Barry Goldwater Air Force Academy Visitor Center at the United States Air Force Academy, and Barry Goldwater High School in northern Phoenix."
},
{
"section_header": "Hobbies and interests | Photography",
"text": "When Kennedy received the photo, he returned it to Goldwater, with the inscription, \"For Barry Goldwater—"
},
{
"section_header": "Books",
"text": "With No Apologies: The Personal and Political Memoirs of Senator Barry M. Goldwater."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Buildings and monuments",
"text": "D.C. Barry Goldwater Peak is the highest peak in the White Tank Mountains."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Family",
"text": "Goldwater's son Barry Goldwater Jr. served as a United States House of Representatives member from California from 1969 to 1983."
},
{
"section_header": "Relatives",
"text": "1988. 1988. ISBN 978-0385239479 Goldwater's son Barry Goldwater Jr. served as a Congressman from California from 1969 to 1983."
},
{
"section_header": "Hobbies and interests | Photography",
"text": "Three books with his photographs are People and Places, from 1967; Barry Goldwater and the Southwest, from 1976; and Delightful Journey, first published in 1940 and reprinted in 1970."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career | 1964 presidential campaign",
"text": "Before the 1964 election, Fact magazine, published by Ralph Ginzburg, ran a special issue titled \"The Unconscious of a Conservative: A Special Issue on the Mind of Barry Goldwater\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Hobbies and interests | Photography",
"text": "Son Michael Prescott Goldwater formed the Goldwater Family Foundation with the goal of making his father's photography available via the internet. (Barry Goldwater Photographs) was launched in September 2006 to coincide with the HBO documentary Mr. Conservative, produced by granddaughter CC Goldwater."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "He died on May 29, 1998, at the age of 89 at his long-time home in Paradise Valley, Arizona, of complications from the stroke."
}
] | Barry Goldwater expired of colon cancer. | 0 | 0 | Barry Goldwater |
Sports | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": ", he played for six different teams, most notably the Cleveland Indians, during the 1990s and early 2000s."
}
] | 0ONEjFtGh53gBBEmBPi1 | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He played American Legion Baseball for Bartonville Limestone Post 979 in his hometown, as well."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "James Howard Thome (; born August 27, 1970) is an American former professional baseball corner infielder and designated hitter, who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for 22 seasons (1991–2012)."
},
{
"section_header": "Player profile | Playing characteristics",
"text": "Thome was known throughout the baseball world for wearing high socks and for his unique batting stance."
},
{
"section_header": "Player profile | Personality",
"text": "I saw the Twins and Phillies play each other in Philadelphia when Thome was with the Twins, and the same two teams in Minnesota two years later when Thome was a Phillie, and the opposing crowd cheered Thome both times, even when he hit home runs for the road team."
},
{
"section_header": "Player profile | Career legacy",
"text": "Despite his injuries throughout his later years, Thome totaled, according to Fangraphs, 71.6 Wins Above Replacement (WAR), a sabermetrics baseball statistic intended to quantify a player's total contributions to a team."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Thome learned to play baseball from his father on a tennis court, and also played basketball in what he described as the \"ghetto\" of Peoria, noting that he was the only white kid there but that he earned the respect of his fellow players."
},
{
"section_header": "Player profile | Offense",
"text": "Since Thome was a pull hitter, opposing teams often employed a defensive shift against him; by playing three infielders on the right side of the field and the outfielders towards his pull side, teams put themselves in better position to field batted balls."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Cleveland Indians (1991–2002) | 1998–2002",
"text": "His former teammate Jeromy Burnitz said, \"You can't really say he's underrated, because everybody considers him one of the top hitters in the American League, but he's surrounded by so many good players, it's hard to stand out on that team."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Cleveland Indians (1991–2002) | 1998–2002",
"text": "During his stint with the Cleveland Indians, when Jim Thome would hit a home run, the scoreboard would often display \"THOME RUN\" to mark this accomplishment."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Thome is also a philanthropist and provided help to the communities surrounding the teams for which he played."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": ", he played for six different teams, most notably the Cleveland Indians, during the 1990s and early 2000s."
}
] | American baseball player Jim Thome played for 6 teams. | 0 | 0 | Jim Thome |
Music | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Strauss's musical style played a major role in the development of film music in the middle of the 20th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Strauss as composer | Tone poems and other orchestral works",
"text": "However, Strauss's style began to truly develop and change when, in 1885, he met Alexander Ritter, a noted composer and violinist, and the husband of one of Richard Wagner's nieces."
}
] | 0Ofoe1sh5TTpXLMuwIrd | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Along with Gustav Mahler, he represents the late flowering of German Romanticism after Wagner, in which pioneering subtleties of orchestration are combined with an advanced harmonic style."
},
{
"section_header": "Success in conducting and tone poems (1885–1898)",
"text": "Ritter convinced Strauss to abandon his more conservative style of composing and embrace the \"music of the future\" by modeling his compositional style off of Wagner and Liszt."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career (1864–1886)",
"text": "The influence of Wagner's music on Strauss's style was to be profound, but at first his musically conservative father forbade him to study it."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career (1864–1886)",
"text": "His Horn Concerto No. 1, is representative of this period and is a staple of the modern horn repertoire."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career (1864–1886)",
"text": "Indeed, in the Strauss household, the music of Richard Wagner was viewed with deep suspicion, and it was not until the age of 16 that Strauss was able to obtain a score of Tristan und Isolde."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Strauss's musical style played a major role in the development of film music in the middle of the 20th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Strauss as composer | Tone poems and other orchestral works",
"text": "It was Ritter who persuaded Strauss to abandon the conservative style of his youth and begin writing tone poems."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Considered a leading composer of the late Romantic and early modern eras, he has been described as a successor of Richard Wagner and Franz Liszt."
},
{
"section_header": "Strauss as composer | Tone poems and other orchestral works",
"text": "However, Strauss's style began to truly develop and change when, in 1885, he met Alexander Ritter, a noted composer and violinist, and the husband of one of Richard Wagner's nieces."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Richard Georg Strauss (German pronunciation: [ˈʁɪçaʁt ˈʃtʁaʊs]; 11 June 1864 – 8 September 1949) was a German composer, conductor, pianist, and violinist."
}
] | German composer Richard Strauss transformed from conservative to an advanced modern style, and his scores represent a major evolution for the movie music industry. | 0 | 0 | Richard Strauss |
Sports | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Leroy Robert \"Satchel\" Paige (July 7, 1906 – June 8, 1982) was an American Negro league baseball and Major League Baseball (MLB) pitcher who is notable for his longevity in the game, and for attracting record crowds"
}
] | 0PA7D9fEyMkRW9qahpP2 | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Bob Feller would say that Paige was the best he ever saw."
},
{
"section_header": "Pitching style",
"text": "In his early years, Paige was known as a pure fastball pitcher."
},
{
"section_header": "Negro leagues | Pittsburgh, California, and North Dakota: 1931–1936",
"text": "In the midst of the Depression, Cum Posey's new East–West League had collapsed by mid-season, and Greenlee was able to obtain many of the best players in black baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Negro leagues | Mexico: 1938",
"text": "Their plan to do that was to hire the best Negro league players who were ignored by the big leagues, then raid big league teams and field integrated clubs in the name of international baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "He based this, in part, on the fact that: \"Joe DiMaggio would say that Paige was the best he ever faced."
},
{
"section_header": "Negro leagues | Integration in baseball",
"text": "Paige answered. \"That little indian fellow from Puerto Rico named Coimbre\" When Branch Rickey signed Jackie Robinson, a former teammate of Paige, Paige realized that it was for the best that Paige himself was not the first black player in major league baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Negro leagues | Puerto Rico: 1939–40",
"text": "The town of Guayama is widely known for its Santería, Palo, and other spiritualist religious practices."
},
{
"section_header": "Negro leagues | Pittsburgh, California, and North Dakota: 1931–1936",
"text": ", \"DiMaggio everything we'd hoped he'd be: Hit Satch one for four.\" DiMaggio later said that Paige was \"the best I've ever faced, and the fastest."
},
{
"section_header": "Pitching style",
"text": "He was especially known for his tailing fastball, slow curve, hesitation pitch, a fantastic change-up, and a highly effective eephus pitch."
},
{
"section_header": "Negro leagues | Dominican Republic: 1937",
"text": "Aybar gave Paige $30,000 to hire as many players as he could."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Leroy Robert \"Satchel\" Paige (July 7, 1906 – June 8, 1982) was an American Negro league baseball and Major League Baseball (MLB) pitcher who is notable for his longevity in the game, and for attracting record crowds"
}
] | Paige was best known as a football player. | 0 | 0 | Satchel Paige |
Literature | 4 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Nineteen Eighty-Four: A Novel, often published as 1984, is a dystopian novel by English novelist George Orwell."
}
] | 0PiU13w2uIyLTJO8i7SM | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "World in novel | The Revolution",
"text": "The British Isles are not part of Eurasia because the United States annexed them along with the rest of the British Empire and Latin America, thus establishing Oceania and gaining control over a quarter of the planet."
},
{
"section_header": "Newspeak appendix",
"text": "Some critics (Atwood, Benstead, Milner, Pynchon) claim that for the essay's author, both Newspeak and the totalitarian government are in the past."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural impact",
"text": "In 1977, the British rock band The Jam released the album"
},
{
"section_header": "World in novel | The Revolution",
"text": "Shortly thereafter, the United States also rose to power and absorbed the British Commonwealth, along with all of Latin America, Australia, and New Zealand, resulting in the superstate of Oceania."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Unseen characters",
"text": "Emmanuel Goldstein – ostensibly a former leading figure in the Party who became the counter-revolutionary leader of the Brotherhood, and author of the book, The Theory and Practice of Oligarchical Collectivism."
},
{
"section_header": "Influences",
"text": "Oceania resulted from the US annexation of the British Empire to counter the Asian peril to Australia and New Zealand."
},
{
"section_header": "World in novel | The Revolution",
"text": "However, due to the fact that Winston only barely remembers these events as well as the Party's continual manipulation of historical records, the continuity and accuracy of these events are unknown, and it is also unknown as to how an originally British party came to take power in the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Influences",
"text": "During World War II, Orwell believed that British democracy as it existed before 1939 would not survive the war."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural impact",
"text": "I found myself writing down little nonsense phrases, those Orwellian euphemisms that [the British and American governments] are so fond of."
},
{
"section_header": "Influences",
"text": "It is a naval power whose militarism venerates the sailors of the floating fortresses, from which battle is given to recapturing India, the \"Jewel in the Crown\" of the British Empire."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Nineteen Eighty-Four: A Novel, often published as 1984, is a dystopian novel by English novelist George Orwell."
}
] | The author of the novel is British. | 1 | 6 | Nineteen Eighty-Four |
Science | 1 | [
{
"section_header": "Evolution",
"text": "As the major defining characteristic of the eukaryotic cell, the nucleus' evolutionary origin has been the subject of much speculation."
}
] | 0PnWm25lviNi7HFcsPbb | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Structures | Nuclear lamina",
"text": "The actual function of the veil is not clear, although it is excluded from the nucleolus and is present during interphase."
},
{
"section_header": "Evolution",
"text": "As the major defining characteristic of the eukaryotic cell, the nucleus' evolutionary origin has been the subject of much speculation."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The function of the nucleus as carrier of genetic information became clear only later, after mitosis was discovered and the Mendelian rules were rediscovered at the beginning of the 20th century; the chromosome theory of heredity was therefore developed."
},
{
"section_header": "Evolution",
"text": "The archaeal origin of the nucleus is supported by observations that archaea and eukarya have similar genes for certain proteins, including histones."
},
{
"section_header": "Evolution",
"text": "The most controversial model, known as viral eukaryogenesis, posits that the membrane-bound nucleus, along with other eukaryotic features, originated from the infection of a prokaryote by a virus."
},
{
"section_header": "Evolution",
"text": "A more recent proposal, the exomembrane hypothesis, suggests that the nucleus instead originated from a single ancestral cell that evolved a second exterior cell membrane; the interior membrane enclosing the original cell then became the nuclear membrane and evolved increasingly elaborate pore structures for passage of internally synthesized cellular components such as ribosomal subunits."
},
{
"section_header": "Evolution",
"text": "Observations that myxobacteria are motile, can form multicellular complexes, and possess kinases and G proteins similar to eukarya, support a bacterial origin for the eukaryotic cell."
},
{
"section_header": "Evolution",
"text": "The first model known as the \"syntrophic model\" proposes that a symbiotic relationship between the archaea and bacteria created the nucleus-containing eukaryotic cell. (Organisms of the Archaea and Bacteria domain have no cell nucleus.) It is hypothesized that the symbiosis originated when ancient archaea, similar to modern methanogenic archaea, invaded and lived within bacteria similar to modern myxobacteria, eventually forming the early nucleus."
},
{
"section_header": "Evolution",
"text": "This theory is analogous to the accepted theory for the origin of eukaryotic mitochondria and chloroplasts, which are thought to have developed from a similar endosymbiotic relationship between proto-eukaryotes and aerobic bacteria."
},
{
"section_header": "Evolution",
"text": "Another variant proposes that eukaryotes originated from early archaea infected by poxviruses, on the basis of observed similarity between the DNA polymerases in modern poxviruses and eukaryotes."
}
] | The origin of the nucleus is not clear. | 2 | 3 | Cell nucleus |
Literature | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and influences | Literature",
"text": "Cynthia Ozick's novel, Foreign Bodies (2010), tells the story of The Ambassadors with a woman as the protagonist."
}
] | 0QRkrbL6yRQ7Rg0oQ6Ng | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and criticism",
"text": "In the New York Edition preface Henry James proclaimed The Ambassadors as the best of his novels."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Ambassadors is a 1903 novel by Henry James, originally published as a serial in the North American Review (NAR)."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and influences | Literature",
"text": "The inspiration is acknowledged in the novel with an explicit mention of James' The Ambassadors."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes",
"text": "Henry James got the central idea for The Ambassadors from an anecdote about his friend and fellow-novelist William Dean Howells, who, whilst visiting his son in Paris, was so impressed with the amenities of European culture that he wondered aloud if life hadn't passed him by."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "All of these impressions of Parisian culture lead Strether to confide in Little Bilham, a friend of Chad's, that he might have missed the best life has to offer."
},
{
"section_header": "Publishing history",
"text": "The publishing history of The Ambassadors is complex, even for a work by James."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes",
"text": "Mediation/Intermediation: a major theme of the novel involves Strether's position as an ambassador."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and criticism",
"text": "Others have said that Strether, whilst a great friend of Maria's, is not in love with her, and that the couple could not have made a successful marriage."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and influences | Literature",
"text": "Cynthia Ozick's novel, Foreign Bodies (2010), tells the story of The Ambassadors with a woman as the protagonist."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and criticism",
"text": "In 1998, the Modern Library ranked The Ambassadors 27th on its list of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century."
}
] | The novel The Ambassadors was rewritten by an author other than Henry James with a female lead character. | 0 | 0 | The Ambassadors |
Literature | 3 | [
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act 3",
"text": "Beralde says he knows a number of members of the medical faculty who can make Argan a doctor that very night."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act 3",
"text": "He suggests that Argan should just become a doctor himself, since no disease would dare to attack a doctor."
}
] | 0QjkW8wHeA7Bg7cf0qbX | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act 3",
"text": "Toinette comes in and says that a new doctor has arrived who wants to treat Argan."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act 2",
"text": "Argan's brother, Beralde, who is a lawyer, comes to visit him."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act 3",
"text": "Just then Mr. Purgon enters in a furious temper, having been told that his cure was sent back, and rages at Argan."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act 2",
"text": "He tells Angelique that she has four days to decide."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act 2",
"text": "However, when Argan learns of the \"music master's\" arrival, he decides that he wants to watch the music lesson, spoiling everyone's plans."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act 2",
"text": "Angelique runs out and Béline decides to go to town for a while."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act 2",
"text": "Mr. Diaforious says he much prefers to treat the common people."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act 3",
"text": "He refuses to treat Argan any more and says that within a few days Argan will go from one horrible disease to another and finally die."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act 3",
"text": "He suggests that Argan should just become a doctor himself, since no disease would dare to attack a doctor."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act 2",
"text": "Argan is left with the two doctors and begs them to examine him."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act 3",
"text": "Beralde says he knows a number of members of the medical faculty who can make Argan a doctor that very night."
}
] | Argan decides that he should be a lawyer and sue the doctors who have been treating him. | 3 | 4 | The Imaginary Invalid |
Popular Culture | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Aquaman is a 2018 American superhero film based on the DC Comics character of the same name."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures, it is the sixth film in the DC Extended Universe (DCEU)."
}
] | 0R4sIUs6vxfo8nHjWTLK | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Reception | Other territories",
"text": "By Thursday, its fifth day, the film had made $135.3 million, surpassing the lifetime totals of every solo Marvel Cinematic Universe film."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures, it is the sixth film in the DC Extended Universe (DCEU)."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Casting",
"text": "In October 2014, Warner Bros. announced Aquaman as a part of the DC Extended Universe, with Jason Momoa starring."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Music",
"text": "Gregson-Williams previously wrote the score for Wonder Woman, the fourth film in the DC Extended Universe."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Aquaman is a 2018 American superhero film based on the DC Comics character of the same name."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "Kidman previously starred in the 1995 film Batman Forever, making Aquaman her second DC Comics film appearance."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "After Man of Steel's release in 2013, a source from Warner Bros. told The Wrap that they were discussing future films, with the mention of more Man of Steel movies as well as a Superman/Batman film, a Wonder Woman film and an Aquaman film."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Other territories",
"text": "In the Philippines, Aquaman is the biggest Warner Bros. and DC film of all-time, with a cumulative gross of Php 536.4-million, surpassing Justice League and becoming the 6th-most successful film of all-time in the country."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "\" Seitz stated that \"It takes skill to be as ridiculous as this movie.... [Aquaman]... feels simultaneously like a spoof and an operatic melodrama."
},
{
"section_header": "Future | Spin-off",
"text": "The movie will focus on the amphibious monsters that Arthur and Mera faced in the previous film."
}
] | The movie Aquaman is a non Marvel film in the DC Universe. | 0 | 0 | Aquaman (film) |
Geography | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Government | City state",
"text": "The Senate consists of the Governing Mayor (Regierender Bürgermeister) and up to eight senators holding ministerial positions, one of them holding the title of \"Mayor\" (Bürgermeister) as deputy to the Governing Mayor."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The city is one of Germany's 16 federal states."
}
] | 0RBSyBamY9aJUpOAjEz5 | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Government | City state",
"text": "Since the reunification on 3 October 1990, Berlin has been one of the three city states in Germany among the present 16 states of Germany."
},
{
"section_header": "Government | City state",
"text": "The House of Representatives (Abgeordnetenhaus) functions as the city and state parliament, which has 141 seats."
},
{
"section_header": "Government | City state",
"text": "The Senate consists of the Governing Mayor (Regierender Bürgermeister) and up to eight senators holding ministerial positions, one of them holding the title of \"Mayor\" (Bürgermeister) as deputy to the Governing Mayor."
},
{
"section_header": "Government | City state",
"text": "Berlin's executive body is the Senate of Berlin (Senat von Berlin)."
},
{
"section_header": "Government | City state",
"text": "The Social Democratic Party (SPD) and The Left (Die Linke) took control of the city government after the 2001 state election and won another term in the 2006 state election."
},
{
"section_header": "Government | City state",
"text": "The Governing Mayor is simultaneously Lord Mayor of the City of Berlin (Oberbürgermeister der Stadt) and Minister President of the Federal State of Berlin (Ministerpräsident des Bundeslandes)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The city is one of Germany's 16 federal states."
},
{
"section_header": "Government | City state",
"text": "Since the 2016 state election, there has been a coalition between the Social Democratic Party, the Greens and the Left Party."
},
{
"section_header": "Government | City state",
"text": "The total annual state budget of Berlin in 2015 exceeded €24.5 ($30.0) billion including a budget surplus of €205 ($240) million."
},
{
"section_header": "Government | City state",
"text": "The state owns extensive assets, including administrative and government buildings, real estate companies, as well as stakes in the Olympic Stadium, swimming pools, housing companies, and numerous public enterprises and subsidiary companies."
}
] | Berlin, Germany, one of the sixteen city states, has a senate of eight state parliament members. | 0 | 0 | Berlin |
End of preview. Expand
in Dataset Viewer.
https://github.com/google-research/fool-me-twice
@inproceedings{eisenschlos-etal-2021-fool,
title = "Fool Me Twice: Entailment from {W}ikipedia Gamification",
author = {Eisenschlos, Julian Martin and
Dhingra, Bhuwan and
Bulian, Jannis and
B{\"o}rschinger, Benjamin and
Boyd-Graber, Jordan},
booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2021 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
month = jun,
year = "2021",
address = "Online",
publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/2021.naacl-main.32",
pages = "352--365",
abstract = "We release FoolMeTwice (FM2 for short), a large dataset of challenging entailment pairs collected through a fun multi-player game. Gamification encourages adversarial examples, drastically lowering the number of examples that can be solved using {``}shortcuts{''} compared to other popular entailment datasets. Players are presented with two tasks. The first task asks the player to write a plausible claim based on the evidence from a Wikipedia page. The second one shows two plausible claims written by other players, one of which is false, and the goal is to identify it before the time runs out. Players {``}pay{''} to see clues retrieved from the evidence pool: the more evidence the player needs, the harder the claim. Game-play between motivated players leads to diverse strategies for crafting claims, such as temporal inference and diverting to unrelated evidence, and results in higher quality data for the entailment and evidence retrieval tasks. We open source the dataset and the game code.",
}
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