Document Classification

Section Type: METHODS

Text: Sixty children undergoing caudal block during general anaesthesia for hernia repair or orchidopexy were prospectively randomized to one of three groups : the bupivicaine group received plain bupivacaine 0. 25 % 1 ml x kg (-1) ; the caudal ketamine group received caudal plain bupivacaine 0. 25 % 1 ml x kg (-1) with S (+) - ketamine 0. 5 mg x kg (-1) ; the i. v. ketamine group received caudal plain bupivacaine 0. 25 % 1 ml x kg (-1) plus S (+) - ketamine 0. 5 mg x kg (-1) i. v. Postoperative measurements included analgesic requirements and modified objective pain score for the first 24 h.