Document Classification

Section Type: METHODS

Text: Patients were randomized to one of the following groups : group 1 received 100-mL isotonic saline intravenously (i. v.) 20 minutes before the induction of anesthesia and 5-mL isotonic saline i. v. before skin incision as a placebo ; group 2 received 100-mL isotonic saline i. v. 20 minutes before the induction of anesthesia and 0. 15-mg / kg ketamine diluted in 5-mL isotonic saline i. v. before skin incision ; group 3 received diclofenac 1 mg/kg diluted in 100-mL isotonic saline i. v. 20 minutes before the induction of anesthesia and 5-mL isotonic saline i. v. before skin incision ; and group 4 received a combination of the same diclofenac sodium and ketamine doses at the same time.