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CONCLUSIONS | These data suggest that , provided strict guidelines to improve tolerance and metabolic control are used , almost all patients with acute renal failure as part of multiple-organ dysfunction syndrome can be treated with intermittent haemodialysis . | These data suggest that, provided strict guidelines to improve tolerance and metabolic control are used, almost all patients with acute renal failure as part of multiple-organ dysfunction syndrome can be treated with intermittent haemodialysis. |
BACKGROUND | This study clinically evaluates the 10-year results of connective tissue graft ( CTG ) and guided tissue regeneration ( GTR ) therapies using bioabsorbable barriers for root coverage ( i.e. , the reduction of recession depth ) . | This study clinically evaluates the 10-year results of connective tissue graft (CTG) and guided tissue regeneration (GTR) therapies using bioabsorbable barriers for root coverage (i. e., the reduction of recession depth). |
METHODS | In 15 patients , 38 Miller Class I and II recessions were treated . | In 15 patients, 38 Miller Class I and II recessions were treated. |
METHODS | Recession defects received a CTG or GTR by random assignment . | Recession defects received a CTG or GTR by random assignment. |
METHODS | At baseline ( immediately prior to surgery ) and 6 and 120 + / - 12 months after surgery , clinical parameters were obtained . | At baseline (immediately prior to surgery) and 6 and 120 + / - 12 months after surgery, clinical parameters were obtained. |
RESULTS | Nine patients , who contributed 24 recession defects , were available for re-examination at 120 + / - 12 months . | Nine patients, who contributed 24 recession defects, were available for re-examination at 120 + / - 12 months. |
RESULTS | Six and 120 + / - 12 months after receiving a CTG , statistically significant ( P < 0.05 ) root coverage was observed compared to baseline root coverage ( 6 months : 3.07 + / - 1.74 mm ; 120 + / - 12 months : 2.07 + / - 1.89 mm ) . | Six and 120 + / - 12 months after receiving a CTG, statistically significant (P < 0. 05) root coverage was observed compared to baseline root coverage (6 months : 3. 07 + / - 1. 74 mm ; 120 + / - 12 months : 2. 07 + / - 1. 89 mm). |
RESULTS | The GTR therapy resulted in statistically significant root coverage compared to baseline root coverage only after 6 months ( 2.28 + / - 1.77 mm ; P < 0.05 ) . | The GTR therapy resulted in statistically significant root coverage compared to baseline root coverage only after 6 months (2. 28 + / - 1. 77 mm ; P < 0. 05). |
RESULTS | Both groups experienced a statistically significant loss of coverage from 6 to 120 + / - 12 months ( CTG : -1.0 + / - 0.78 mm ; GTR : -2.03 + / - 2.24 mm ) . | Both groups experienced a statistically significant loss of coverage from 6 to 120 + / - 12 months (CTG : -1. 0 + / - 0. 78 mm ; GTR : -2. 03 + / - 2. 24 mm). |
RESULTS | At 120 + / - 12 months after CTG surgery , the stability of root coverage was statistically significantly better than 120 + / - 12 months after GTR surgery ( P = 0.002 ) . | At 120 + / - 12 months after CTG surgery, the stability of root coverage was statistically significantly better than 120 + / - 12 months after GTR surgery (P = 0. 002). |
RESULTS | The CTG caused more post-surgical discomfort ( P < 0.05 ) , but it resulted in a better treatment outcome ( P < 0.05 ) than GTR as perceived by patients . | The CTG caused more post-surgical discomfort (P < 0. 05), but it resulted in a better treatment outcome (P < 0. 05) than GTR as perceived by patients. |
CONCLUSIONS | The long-term stability of root coverage ( i.e. , the reduction of recession depth ) and esthetic results perceived by patients were significantly better 10 years after CTG surgery , statistically , than after GTR surgery using bioabsorbable barriers . | The long-term stability of root coverage (i. e., the reduction of recession depth) and esthetic results perceived by patients were significantly better 10 years after CTG surgery, statistically, than after GTR surgery using bioabsorbable barriers. |
OBJECTIVE | To compare the quality of real-time sonographic images obtained from the examinations using two different sound media , ultrasound gel and olive oil . | To compare the quality of real-time sonographic images obtained from the examinations using two different sound media, ultrasound gel and olive oil. |
METHODS | A randomized controlled trial was conducted on the study population recruited from the routine ultrasound service with written informed consent . | A randomized controlled trial was conducted on the study population recruited from the routine ultrasound service with written informed consent. |
METHODS | Each patient underwent scan using both ultrasound gel and olive oil as sound media , but only one media at a time . | Each patient underwent scan using both ultrasound gel and olive oil as sound media, but only one media at a time. |
METHODS | During each patient examination , the first type of sound media was randomly used and then followed by the other media . | During each patient examination, the first type of sound media was randomly used and then followed by the other media. |
METHODS | The sonographic images of the same plane were recorded as video clips for each type of sound media . | The sonographic images of the same plane were recorded as video clips for each type of sound media. |
METHODS | The quality of images were blindly evaluated by one experienced sonographer and the quality of ultrasound images was rated as 0 ( very poor ) , 1 ( poor ) , 2 ( fair ) , and 3 ( good ) , respectively . | The quality of images were blindly evaluated by one experienced sonographer and the quality of ultrasound images was rated as 0 (very poor), 1 (poor), 2 (fair), and 3 (good), respectively. |
RESULTS | Of 346 cases ( 692 video clips ) , the image quality scores in ultrasound gel group and olive oil group were poor , fair , and good quality in 7 , 182 , and 157 and 9 , 190 , and 147 cases , respectively . | Of 346 cases (692 video clips), the image quality scores in ultrasound gel group and olive oil group were poor, fair, and good quality in 7, 182, and 157 and 9, 190, and 147 cases, respectively. |
RESULTS | The difference of quality scores between both groups was not statistically significant . | The difference of quality scores between both groups was not statistically significant. |
RESULTS | ( Chi square test ; p = 0.687 ) . | (Chi square test ; p = 0. 687). |
CONCLUSIONS | The quality of images obtained from the scan using olive oil is similar to that using ultrasound gel . | The quality of images obtained from the scan using olive oil is similar to that using ultrasound gel. |
CONCLUSIONS | Therefore , the olive oil may be used as alternative sound media for ultrasound examination . | Therefore, the olive oil may be used as alternative sound media for ultrasound examination. |
CONCLUSIONS | Furthermore , it could possibly be a preferred media because of its lower cost , pleasant smell , and it facility of cleaning . | Furthermore, it could possibly be a preferred media because of its lower cost, pleasant smell, and it facility of cleaning. |
BACKGROUND | Because the source of protein may play a role in its satiating effect , we investigated the effect of different proteins on satiation and short-term satiety . | Because the source of protein may play a role in its satiating effect, we investigated the effect of different proteins on satiation and short-term satiety. |
METHODS | Two randomized single-blind cross-over studies were completed . | Two randomized single-blind cross-over studies were completed. |
METHODS | In the first study , we investigated the effect of a preload containing 20 g of casein , whey , pea protein , egg albumin or maltodextrin vs. water control on food intake 30 min later in 32 male volunteers ( 25 4 yrs , BMI 24 0.4 kg/m ( 2 ) ) . | In the first study, we investigated the effect of a preload containing 20 g of casein, whey, pea protein, egg albumin or maltodextrin vs. water control on food intake 30 min later in 32 male volunteers (25 4 yrs, BMI 24 0. 4 kg/m (2)). |
METHODS | Subjective appetite was assessed using visual analogue scales at 10 min intervals after the preload . | Subjective appetite was assessed using visual analogue scales at 10 min intervals after the preload. |
METHODS | Capillary blood glucose was measured every 30 min during 2 hrs before and after the ad libitum meal . | Capillary blood glucose was measured every 30 min during 2 hrs before and after the ad libitum meal. |
METHODS | In the second study , we compared the effect of 20 g of casein , pea protein or whey vs. water control on satiation in 32 male volunteers ( 25 0.6 yrs , BMI 24 0.5 kg/m ( 2 ) ) . | In the second study, we compared the effect of 20 g of casein, pea protein or whey vs. water control on satiation in 32 male volunteers (25 0. 6 yrs, BMI 24 0. 5 kg/m (2)). |
METHODS | The preload was consumed as a starter during an ad libitum meal and food intake was measured . | The preload was consumed as a starter during an ad libitum meal and food intake was measured. |
METHODS | The preloads in both studies were in the form of a beverage . | The preloads in both studies were in the form of a beverage. |
RESULTS | In the first study , food intake was significantly lower only after casein and pea protein compared to water control ( P = 0.02 ; 0.04 respectively ) . | In the first study, food intake was significantly lower only after casein and pea protein compared to water control (P = 0. 02 ; 0. 04 respectively). |
RESULTS | Caloric compensation was 110 , 103 , 62 , 56 and 51 % after casein , pea protein , whey , albumin and maltodextrin , respectively . | Caloric compensation was 110, 103, 62, 56 and 51 % after casein, pea protein, whey, albumin and maltodextrin, respectively. |
RESULTS | Feelings of satiety were significantly higher after casein and pea protein compared to other preloads ( P < 0.05 ) . | Feelings of satiety were significantly higher after casein and pea protein compared to other preloads (P < 0. 05). |
RESULTS | Blood glucose response to the meal was significantly lower when whey protein was consumed as a preload compared to other groups ( P < 0.001 ) . | Blood glucose response to the meal was significantly lower when whey protein was consumed as a preload compared to other groups (P < 0. 001). |
RESULTS | In the second study , results showed no difference between preloads on ad libitum intake . | In the second study, results showed no difference between preloads on ad libitum intake. |
RESULTS | Total intake was significantly higher after caloric preloads compared to water control ( P < 0.05 ) . | Total intake was significantly higher after caloric preloads compared to water control (P < 0. 05). |
CONCLUSIONS | Casein and pea protein showed a stronger effect on food intake compared to whey when consumed as a preload . | Casein and pea protein showed a stronger effect on food intake compared to whey when consumed as a preload. |
CONCLUSIONS | However , consuming the protein preload as a starter of a meal decreased its impact on food intake as opposed to consuming it 30 min before the meal . | However, consuming the protein preload as a starter of a meal decreased its impact on food intake as opposed to consuming it 30 min before the meal. |
BACKGROUND | Irregularity measures have been suggested as risk indicators in patients with atrial fibrillation ( AF ) ; however , it is not known to what extent they are affected by commonly used rate-control drugs . | Irregularity measures have been suggested as risk indicators in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) ; however, it is not known to what extent they are affected by commonly used rate-control drugs. |
BACKGROUND | We aimed at evaluating the effect of metoprolol , carvedilol , diltiazem , and verapamil on the variability and irregularity of the ventricular response in patients with permanent AF . | We aimed at evaluating the effect of metoprolol, carvedilol, diltiazem, and verapamil on the variability and irregularity of the ventricular response in patients with permanent AF. |
RESULTS | Sixty patients with permanent AF were part of an investigator-blind cross-over study , comparing 4 rate-control drugs ( diltiazem , verapamil , metoprolol , and carvedilol ) . | Sixty patients with permanent AF were part of an investigator-blind cross-over study, comparing 4 rate-control drugs (diltiazem, verapamil, metoprolol, and carvedilol). |
RESULTS | We analyzed five 20-minute segments per patient : baseline and the 4 drug regimens . | We analyzed five 20-minute segments per patient : baseline and the 4 drug regimens. |
RESULTS | On every segment , heart rate ( HR ) variability and irregularity of RR series were computed . | On every segment, heart rate (HR) variability and irregularity of RR series were computed. |
RESULTS | The variability was assessed as standard deviation , pNN20 , pNN50 , pNN80 , and rMSSD . | The variability was assessed as standard deviation, pNN20, pNN50, pNN80, and rMSSD. |
RESULTS | The irregularity was assessed by regularity index , approximate ( ApEn ) , and sample entropy . | The irregularity was assessed by regularity index, approximate (ApEn), and sample entropy. |
RESULTS | A significantly lower HR was obtained with all drugs , the HR was lowest using the calcium channel blockers . | A significantly lower HR was obtained with all drugs, the HR was lowest using the calcium channel blockers. |
RESULTS | All drugs increased the variability of ventricular response in respect to baseline ( as an example , rMSSD : baseline 171 47 milliseconds , carvedilol 229 58 milliseconds ; P < 0.05 vs. baseline , metoprolol 226 66 milliseconds ; P < 0.05 vs. baseline , verapamil 228 84 ; P < 0.05 vs. baseline , diltiazem 256 87 milliseconds ; P < 0.05 vs. baseline and all other drugs ) . | All drugs increased the variability of ventricular response in respect to baseline (as an example, rMSSD : baseline 171 47 milliseconds, carvedilol 229 58 milliseconds ; P < 0. 05 vs. baseline, metoprolol 226 66 milliseconds ; P < 0. 05 vs. baseline, verapamil 228 84 ; P < 0. 05 vs. baseline, diltiazem 256 87 milliseconds ; P < 0. 05 vs. baseline and all other drugs). |
RESULTS | Only - blockers significantly increased the irregularity of the RR series ( as an example , ApEn : baseline 1.86 0.13 , carvedilol 1.92 0.09 ; P < 0.05 vs. baseline , metoprolol 1.93 0.08 ; P < 0.05 vs. baseline , verapamil 1.86 0.22 ns , diltiazem 1.88 0.16 ns ) . | Only - blockers significantly increased the irregularity of the RR series (as an example, ApEn : baseline 1. 86 0. 13, carvedilol 1. 92 0. 09 ; P < 0. 05 vs. baseline, metoprolol 1. 93 0. 08 ; P < 0. 05 vs. baseline, verapamil 1. 86 0. 22 ns, diltiazem 1. 88 0. 16 ns). |
CONCLUSIONS | Modification of AV node conduction by rate-control drugs increase RR variability , while only - blockers affect irregularity . | Modification of AV node conduction by rate-control drugs increase RR variability, while only - blockers affect irregularity. |
BACKGROUND | Internal medicine residents must be competent in Advanced Cardiac Life Support ( ACLS ) for board certification . | Internal medicine residents must be competent in Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) for board certification. |
OBJECTIVE | The purpose was to use a medical simulator to assess baseline proficiency in ACLS and determine the impact of an intervention on skill development . | The purpose was to use a medical simulator to assess baseline proficiency in ACLS and determine the impact of an intervention on skill development. |
METHODS | This was a randomized trial with wait-list controls . | This was a randomized trial with wait-list controls. |
METHODS | After baseline evaluation in all residents , the intervention group received 4 education sessions using a medical simulator . | After baseline evaluation in all residents, the intervention group received 4 education sessions using a medical simulator. |
METHODS | All residents were then retested . | All residents were then retested. |
METHODS | After crossover , the wait-list group received the intervention , and residents were tested again . | After crossover, the wait-list group received the intervention, and residents were tested again. |
METHODS | Performance was assessed by comparison to American Heart Association guidelines for treatment of ACLS conditions with interrater and internal consistency reliability estimates . | Performance was assessed by comparison to American Heart Association guidelines for treatment of ACLS conditions with interrater and internal consistency reliability estimates. |
RESULTS | Performance improved significantly after simulator training . | Performance improved significantly after simulator training. |
RESULTS | No improvement was detected as a function of clinical experience alone . | No improvement was detected as a function of clinical experience alone. |
RESULTS | The educational program was rated highly . | The educational program was rated highly. |