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OBJECTIVE
The present study aims to provide rationale , methodology , and initial findings of a multicentre , randomised trial of fibrinolysis for PE that used a composite end-point , including quality of life measures .
The present study aims to provide rationale, methodology, and initial findings of a multicentre, randomised trial of fibrinolysis for PE that used a composite end-point, including quality of life measures.
METHODS
This investigator-initiated study was funded by a contract between a corporate partner and the investigator 's hospital ( the prime site ) .
This investigator-initiated study was funded by a contract between a corporate partner and the investigator 's hospital (the prime site).
METHODS
The investigator was the Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ) sponsor .
The investigator was the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) sponsor.
METHODS
The prime site subcontracted , indemnified , and trained consortia members .
The prime site subcontracted, indemnified, and trained consortia members.
METHODS
Consenting , normotensive patients with PE and right ventricular strain ( by echocardiography or biomarkers ) received low-molecular-weight heparin and random assignment to a single bolus of tenecteplase or placebo in double-blinded fashion .
Consenting, normotensive patients with PE and right ventricular strain (by echocardiography or biomarkers) received low-molecular-weight heparin and random assignment to a single bolus of tenecteplase or placebo in double-blinded fashion.
METHODS
The outcomes were : ( i ) in-hospital rate of intubation , vasopressor support , and major haemorrhage , or ( ii ) at 90 days , death , recurrent PE , or composite that defined poor quality of life ( echocardiography , 6 min walk test and surveys ) .
The outcomes were : (i) in-hospital rate of intubation, vasopressor support, and major haemorrhage, or (ii) at 90 days, death, recurrent PE, or composite that defined poor quality of life (echocardiography, 6 min walk test and surveys).
METHODS
The planned sample size was n = 200 .
The planned sample size was n = 200.
RESULTS
Eight sites enrolled 87 patients over 5 years .
Eight sites enrolled 87 patients over 5 years.
RESULTS
The ratio of patients screened for each enrolled was 7.4 to 1 , equating to 11 h screening time per patient enrolled .
The ratio of patients screened for each enrolled was 7. 4 to 1, equating to 11 h screening time per patient enrolled.
RESULTS
Primary barrier to enrolment was the cost of screening .
Primary barrier to enrolment was the cost of screening.
RESULTS
Two patients died ( 2.5 % , 95 % CI [ 0-8 % ] ) , one developed shock , but 18 ( 22 % , 95 % CI : [ 13-30 % ] ) had a poor quality of life .
Two patients died (2. 5 %, 95 % CI [0-8 %]), one developed shock, but 18 (22 %, 95 % CI : [13-30 %]) had a poor quality of life.
CONCLUSIONS
An investigator-initiated , FDA-regulated , multicentre trial of fibrinolysis for submassive PE was conducted , but was limited by screening costs and a low mortality rate .
An investigator-initiated, FDA-regulated, multicentre trial of fibrinolysis for submassive PE was conducted, but was limited by screening costs and a low mortality rate.
CONCLUSIONS
Quality of life measurements might represent a more important patient-centred end-point .
Quality of life measurements might represent a more important patient-centred end-point.
OBJECTIVE
To compare in vivo bitewing film quality using the holder versus the paper loop technique .
To compare in vivo bitewing film quality using the holder versus the paper loop technique.
METHODS
Four bitewing films were taken from the right and left premolar and molar regions of 45 dental students using both the bitewing holder and paper loop techniques .
Four bitewing films were taken from the right and left premolar and molar regions of 45 dental students using both the bitewing holder and paper loop techniques.
METHODS
A total of 360 films were taken and assessed by an experienced practitioner not apprised of the bitewing technique used .
A total of 360 films were taken and assessed by an experienced practitioner not apprised of the bitewing technique used.
METHODS
Of interest were : ( 1 ) the number of overlaps and the percentage of teeth showing the alveolar crest ; ( 2 ) proper film positioning ; and ( 3 ) the percentage of cone cutting .
Of interest were : (1) the number of overlaps and the percentage of teeth showing the alveolar crest ; (2) proper film positioning ; and (3) the percentage of cone cutting.
METHODS
A Poisson regression using generalized estimating equations ( GEEs ) was used to estimate the difference in overlap between the two techniques .
A Poisson regression using generalized estimating equations (GEEs) was used to estimate the difference in overlap between the two techniques.
METHODS
For proper positioning and cone cutting , logistic regressions using GEEs were used .
For proper positioning and cone cutting, logistic regressions using GEEs were used.
RESULTS
The average number of horizontal overlaps for the loop and holder techniques at the right premolar , right molar , left premolar , and left molar were 1.64 , 2.11 , 2.16 , 2.78 , and 1.64 , 2.00 , 2.00 , 2.18 , respectively .
The average number of horizontal overlaps for the loop and holder techniques at the right premolar, right molar, left premolar, and left molar were 1. 64, 2. 11, 2. 16, 2. 78, and 1. 64, 2. 00, 2. 00, 2. 18, respectively.
RESULTS
The loop technique was 1.11 times more likely to cause overlapping than the holder technique .
The loop technique was 1. 11 times more likely to cause overlapping than the holder technique.
RESULTS
The highest percentage of teeth showing the alveolar crest by the loop technique was 97.8 % in the mandibular second premolar and first molar .
The highest percentage of teeth showing the alveolar crest by the loop technique was 97. 8 % in the mandibular second premolar and first molar.
RESULTS
With respect to film positioning , the loop technique was 1.12 times more likely to cause improper positioning than the holder technique .
With respect to film positioning, the loop technique was 1. 12 times more likely to cause improper positioning than the holder technique.
RESULTS
Both techniques demonstrated minimal cone cutting ( 1 in the loop versus 0 in the holder ) .
Both techniques demonstrated minimal cone cutting (1 in the loop versus 0 in the holder).
CONCLUSIONS
The quality of bitewing films taken by the loop and holder techniques was not significantly different .
The quality of bitewing films taken by the loop and holder techniques was not significantly different.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate clinical efficacy and toxicity of low-dose oral natural human interferon-alpha ( nHuIFN alpha ) on CD4 + lymphocyte counts and clinical symptoms in patients with HIV-1 infection .
To evaluate clinical efficacy and toxicity of low-dose oral natural human interferon-alpha (nHuIFN alpha) on CD4 + lymphocyte counts and clinical symptoms in patients with HIV-1 infection.
METHODS
Double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled trial with crossover .
Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial with crossover.
METHODS
Private practice specializing in the treatment of patients with AIDS .
Private practice specializing in the treatment of patients with AIDS.
METHODS
Only patients with HIV-1 infection and CD4 + lymphocyte counts between 200 and 500 x 10 ( 6 ) / l were included for study .
Only patients with HIV-1 infection and CD4 + lymphocyte counts between 200 and 500 x 10 (6) / l were included for study.
METHODS
Thirty out of thirty-one patients at study entry completed treatment with placebo , and 29 completed nHuIFN alpha treatment .
Thirty out of thirty-one patients at study entry completed treatment with placebo, and 29 completed nHuIFN alpha treatment.
METHODS
Mean patient age was 36 years ( range , 25-58 years ) .
Mean patient age was 36 years (range, 25-58 years).
METHODS
The 30 patients included 26 men , of whom 22 were homosexual , and four women ; five were drug users and none were currently on zidovudine therapy , although three had been previously .
The 30 patients included 26 men, of whom 22 were homosexual, and four women ; five were drug users and none were currently on zidovudine therapy, although three had been previously.
METHODS
Patients were randomly assigned to cohorts of 10 to receive either 200 IU nHuIFN alpha once daily orally absorbed or placebo with crossover after 6 weeks .
Patients were randomly assigned to cohorts of 10 to receive either 200 IU nHuIFN alpha once daily orally absorbed or placebo with crossover after 6 weeks.
METHODS
Every 2 weeks , a detailed history , physical examination , and laboratory tests , including CD4 + and CD8 + lymphocyte counts , were conducted .
Every 2 weeks, a detailed history, physical examination, and laboratory tests, including CD4 + and CD8 + lymphocyte counts, were conducted.
RESULTS
There was only a slight , transient increase in mean CD4 + lymphocyte counts after 4 weeks of treatment with nHuIFN alpha , compared with a slight decline when placebo was administered .
There was only a slight, transient increase in mean CD4 + lymphocyte counts after 4 weeks of treatment with nHuIFN alpha, compared with a slight decline when placebo was administered.
RESULTS
This effect reached statistical significance in a subgroup of patients only and was not sustained after 6 weeks .
This effect reached statistical significance in a subgroup of patients only and was not sustained after 6 weeks.
RESULTS
There were no significant changes in weight and clinical symptoms .
There were no significant changes in weight and clinical symptoms.
RESULTS
All patients remained HIV-1-antibody-positive .
All patients remained HIV-1-antibody-positive.
RESULTS
Treatment-related adverse reactions were not observed .
Treatment-related adverse reactions were not observed.
CONCLUSIONS
Our double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled clinical trial did not confirm a previous report of efficiency of oral nHuIFN alpha .
Our double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial did not confirm a previous report of efficiency of oral nHuIFN alpha.
CONCLUSIONS
Although non-toxic , our data do not justify the widespread use of low-dose oral nHuIFN alpha in HIV-infected patients outside controlled clinical trials .
Although non-toxic, our data do not justify the widespread use of low-dose oral nHuIFN alpha in HIV-infected patients outside controlled clinical trials.
BACKGROUND
Blue-light light-emitting diode ( LED ) therapy has become widely used for the treatment of inflammatory acne .
Blue-light light-emitting diode (LED) therapy has become widely used for the treatment of inflammatory acne.
BACKGROUND
In this study we evaluated the efficacy of a home use blue-light LED application in improving lesions and shortening their time to clearance .
In this study we evaluated the efficacy of a home use blue-light LED application in improving lesions and shortening their time to clearance.
METHODS
This was an IRB approved randomized self-control study .
This was an IRB approved randomized self-control study.
METHODS
For each patient ( n = 30 ) , 2 similar lesions , one of each side of the face were chosen for treatment with either a blue-light LED hand-held or sham device .
For each patient (n = 30), 2 similar lesions, one of each side of the face were chosen for treatment with either a blue-light LED hand-held or sham device.
METHODS
Treatments ( n = 4 ) were conducted twice daily in the clinic and lesions were followed-up till resolution .
Treatments (n = 4) were conducted twice daily in the clinic and lesions were followed-up till resolution.
METHODS
Reduction in blemishes size and erythema and the overall improvement were evaluated by both the physician and the patients .
Reduction in blemishes size and erythema and the overall improvement were evaluated by both the physician and the patients.
METHODS
Time to lesion resolution was recorded .
Time to lesion resolution was recorded.
RESULTS
There was a significant difference in the response of lesions to the blue-light LED application as opposed to the placebo in terms of reduction in lesion size and lesion erythema as well as the improvement in the overall skin condition ( p < 0.025 ) .
There was a significant difference in the response of lesions to the blue-light LED application as opposed to the placebo in terms of reduction in lesion size and lesion erythema as well as the improvement in the overall skin condition (p < 0. 025).
RESULTS
Signs of improvement were observed as early as post 2 treatments .
Signs of improvement were observed as early as post 2 treatments.
RESULTS
Time to resolution was significantly shorter for the blue-light LED therapy .
Time to resolution was significantly shorter for the blue-light LED therapy.
CONCLUSIONS
The results support the effectiveness of using blue-light LED therapy on a daily basis for better improvement and faster resolution of inflammatory acne lesions .
The results support the effectiveness of using blue-light LED therapy on a daily basis for better improvement and faster resolution of inflammatory acne lesions.
BACKGROUND
Few treatments are available for isolated pulmonary hypertension ( PHT ) , which has a high morbidity and mortality .
Few treatments are available for isolated pulmonary hypertension (PHT), which has a high morbidity and mortality.
BACKGROUND
This trial was designed to assess the hemodynamic effects of bosentan , an endothelin receptor antagonist , in patients with PHT , in which local overproduction of endothelin-1 ( ET-1 ) is thought to play a pathogenic role .
This trial was designed to assess the hemodynamic effects of bosentan, an endothelin receptor antagonist, in patients with PHT, in which local overproduction of endothelin-1 (ET-1) is thought to play a pathogenic role.
RESULTS
An open-label , dose-ranging study was performed in 7 female patients with primary PHT ( n = 5 ) or isolated PHT associated with limited scleroderma ( n = 2 ) .
An open-label, dose-ranging study was performed in 7 female patients with primary PHT (n = 5) or isolated PHT associated with limited scleroderma (n = 2).
RESULTS
Infusions of 50 , 150 , and 300 mg were administered at 2-hour intervals , and the hemodynamic responses were measured .
Infusions of 50, 150, and 300 mg were administered at 2-hour intervals, and the hemodynamic responses were measured.
RESULTS
Bosentan caused a dose-dependent fall in total pulmonary resistance ( -20.0 + / -11.0 % , P = 0.01 ) and mean pulmonary artery pressure ( -10.6 + / -11.0 % , P > 0.05 ) .
Bosentan caused a dose-dependent fall in total pulmonary resistance (-20. 0 + / -11. 0 %, P = 0. 01) and mean pulmonary artery pressure (-10. 6 + / -11. 0 %, P > 0. 05).
RESULTS
However , there was also a fall in the systemic vascular resistance ( -26.2 + / -12.8 % , P < 0.005 ) and mean arterial pressure ( -19.8 + / -14.4 % , P < 0.001 ) .
However, there was also a fall in the systemic vascular resistance (-26. 2 + / -12. 8 %, P < 0. 005) and mean arterial pressure (-19. 8 + / -14. 4 %, P < 0. 001).
RESULTS
There was a slight increase in cardiac index ( 15 + / -12 % , P > 0.05 ) and a dose-dependent rise in ET-1 but no significant change in other hemodynamic variables , gas exchange , or other vasoactive mediators .
There was a slight increase in cardiac index (15 + / -12 %, P > 0. 05) and a dose-dependent rise in ET-1 but no significant change in other hemodynamic variables, gas exchange, or other vasoactive mediators.
CONCLUSIONS
Intravenous bosentan is a potent but nonselective pulmonary vasodilator at the doses tested , even in patients resistant to inhaled nitric oxide .
Intravenous bosentan is a potent but nonselective pulmonary vasodilator at the doses tested, even in patients resistant to inhaled nitric oxide.
CONCLUSIONS
Transient increases in plasma ET-1 were observed , consistent with a blockade of endothelial ET ( B ) receptors .
Transient increases in plasma ET-1 were observed, consistent with a blockade of endothelial ET (B) receptors.
CONCLUSIONS
Systemic hypotension and other significant events during the study indicate that its intravenous use in patients with severe PHT may be limited .
Systemic hypotension and other significant events during the study indicate that its intravenous use in patients with severe PHT may be limited.
CONCLUSIONS
Implications for future trial design and studies of chronic oral treatment are discussed .
Implications for future trial design and studies of chronic oral treatment are discussed.
OBJECTIVE
To compare the prophylactic administration of ondansetron plus droperidol , droperidol plus metoclopramide , and perphenazine to determine effects on postoperative nausea , vomiting , and sedation after laparoscopic cholecystectomy .
To compare the prophylactic administration of ondansetron plus droperidol, droperidol plus metoclopramide, and perphenazine to determine effects on postoperative nausea, vomiting, and sedation after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
METHODS
Prospective , randomized , double-blind study .
Prospective, randomized, double-blind study.
METHODS
University medical center .
University medical center.
METHODS
212 ASA physical status I and II adults presenting for laparoscopic cholecystectomy .
212 ASA physical status I and II adults presenting for laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
METHODS
Patients were randomly assigned to receive one of three prophylactic antiemetic drug combinations : ondansetron 4 mg plus droperidol 0.625 mg ( Group OD ) , droperidol 0.625 mg plus metoclopramide 10 mg ( Group DM ) , or perphenazine 5 mg ( Group P ) .
Patients were randomly assigned to receive one of three prophylactic antiemetic drug combinations : ondansetron 4 mg plus droperidol 0. 625 mg (Group OD), droperidol 0. 625 mg plus metoclopramide 10 mg (Group DM), or perphenazine 5 mg (Group P).
METHODS
Study drugs were administered intravenously after induction of general anesthesia .
Study drugs were administered intravenously after induction of general anesthesia.
RESULTS
The groups were similar with respect to gender , age , weight , duration of surgery , numbers of patients receiving intraoperative atropine or ephedrine , number admitted overnight , and time to discharge home .
The groups were similar with respect to gender, age, weight, duration of surgery, numbers of patients receiving intraoperative atropine or ephedrine, number admitted overnight, and time to discharge home.
RESULTS
Patients in Group P used lower total doses of opioids than did patients in Group OD .
Patients in Group P used lower total doses of opioids than did patients in Group OD.
RESULTS
There were no significant differences in postoperative nausea , pain , or sedation scores , in numbers of patients requiring antiemetics ( Group OD , 13 of 66 ; Group DM , 15 of 66 ; Group P , 14 of 68 ) , or in numbers of patients vomiting , either in hospital or during the first postoperative day .
There were no significant differences in postoperative nausea, pain, or sedation scores, in numbers of patients requiring antiemetics (Group OD, 13 of 66 ; Group DM, 15 of 66 ; Group P, 14 of 68), or in numbers of patients vomiting, either in hospital or during the first postoperative day.
CONCLUSIONS
These three drug regimens are equivalent for antiemetic prophylaxis before laparoscopic cholecystectomy .
These three drug regimens are equivalent for antiemetic prophylaxis before laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
BACKGROUND
In prior studies , pregabalin reduced rectal or colonic pain in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and healthy adults , suggesting reduction of afferent function .
In prior studies, pregabalin reduced rectal or colonic pain in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and healthy adults, suggesting reduction of afferent function.
OBJECTIVE
To assess effects of pregabalin on colonic compliance , sensory and motor functions in patients with constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome .
To assess effects of pregabalin on colonic compliance, sensory and motor functions in patients with constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome.
METHODS
In a pilot , double-blind , placebo-controlled , parallel-group study , we tested oral pregabalin , 200mg , in 18 patients with constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome .
In a pilot, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study, we tested oral pregabalin, 200mg, in 18 patients with constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome.
METHODS
With a barostatically controlled polyethylene balloon in the left colon , we assessed sensation thresholds and colonic compliance using ascending method of limits , sensation ratings over 4 levels of distension , fasting and postprandial colonic tone and phasic motility .
With a barostatically controlled polyethylene balloon in the left colon, we assessed sensation thresholds and colonic compliance using ascending method of limits, sensation ratings over 4 levels of distension, fasting and postprandial colonic tone and phasic motility.
METHODS
Analysis of covariance ( adjusted for the corresponding pre-drug response ) was used to compare placebo and pregabalin .
Analysis of covariance (adjusted for the corresponding pre-drug response) was used to compare placebo and pregabalin.
METHODS
After 45 % participants completed studies , we conducted an interim analysis to assess the conditional power to detect pre-specified treatment effects given the observed variation and treatment group differences based on the planned sample size for the trial .
After 45 % participants completed studies, we conducted an interim analysis to assess the conditional power to detect pre-specified treatment effects given the observed variation and treatment group differences based on the planned sample size for the trial.
RESULTS
Pregabalin did not significantly affect colonic compliance , sensation thresholds , sensation ratings , fasting or postprandial tone or motility index .
Pregabalin did not significantly affect colonic compliance, sensation thresholds, sensation ratings, fasting or postprandial tone or motility index.
RESULTS
The study was stopped for futility to detect an effect on visceral pain with the planned design and sample size .
The study was stopped for futility to detect an effect on visceral pain with the planned design and sample size.
CONCLUSIONS
Pregabalin , 200mg , might not reduce distension-related colonic pain in constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome patients .
Pregabalin, 200mg, might not reduce distension-related colonic pain in constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome patients.
BACKGROUND
Topical corticosteroids , commonly used for psoriasis , show diminished response on continuous use .
Topical corticosteroids, commonly used for psoriasis, show diminished response on continuous use.
OBJECTIVE
We tested efficacy of topical corticosteroid and calcipotriene used on alternate weeks versus daily corticosteroid in patients with psoriasis .
We tested efficacy of topical corticosteroid and calcipotriene used on alternate weeks versus daily corticosteroid in patients with psoriasis.
METHODS
In a randomized , observer-blind design , the experimental group of 25 patients with stable plaque psoriasis received augmented betamethasone dipropionate 0.05 % cream once daily in the first and third weeks and calcipotriene 0.005 % ointment twice daily in the second and fourth weeks .
In a randomized, observer-blind design, the experimental group of 25 patients with stable plaque psoriasis received augmented betamethasone dipropionate 0. 05 % cream once daily in the first and third weeks and calcipotriene 0. 005 % ointment twice daily in the second and fourth weeks.
METHODS
The control group of 27 patients received augmented betamethasone once daily for 4 weeks .
The control group of 27 patients received augmented betamethasone once daily for 4 weeks.
RESULTS
The experimental regimen was more effective than the control regimen as evidenced by ( 1 ) more patients with at least a 90 % reduction in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index ( PASI ) score ( difference 49.5 % , 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 26.1 % -72.9 % , P < .
The experimental regimen was more effective than the control regimen as evidenced by (1) more patients with at least a 90 % reduction in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score (difference 49. 5 %, 95 % confidence interval [CI], 26. 1 % -72. 9 %, P <.
RESULTS
001 ) , ( 2 ) lower PASI after 2 weeks ( P < or = .04 ) , and ( 3 ) greater percentage reduction in PASI after 2 and 4 weeks ( difference 23.1 % [ CI , 11.1 % -35.1 % ] and 46.4 % [ 28.9 % -63.8 % ] , respectively ; P < .001 ) .
001), (2) lower PASI after 2 weeks (P < or =. 04), and (3) greater percentage reduction in PASI after 2 and 4 weeks (difference 23. 1 % [CI, 11. 1 % -35. 1 %] and 46. 4 % [28. 9 % -63. 8 %], respectively ; P <. 001).
RESULTS
The study had power of 93.7 % .
The study had power of 93. 7 %.
RESULTS
No patient had skin irritation .
No patient had skin irritation.
CONCLUSIONS
Use of augmented betamethasone and calcipotriene on alternate weeks is more effective than daily corticosteroid and represents a novel strategy for treating psoriasis .
Use of augmented betamethasone and calcipotriene on alternate weeks is more effective than daily corticosteroid and represents a novel strategy for treating psoriasis.
BACKGROUND
Ghrelin stimulates GH secretion and regulates energy and glucose metabolism .
Ghrelin stimulates GH secretion and regulates energy and glucose metabolism.
BACKGROUND
The two circulating isoforms , acyl ( AG ) and des-acyl ( DAG ) ghrelin , have distinct metabolic effects and are under active investigation for their therapeutic potentials .
The two circulating isoforms, acyl (AG) and des-acyl (DAG) ghrelin, have distinct metabolic effects and are under active investigation for their therapeutic potentials.
BACKGROUND
However , there is only limited data on the pharmacokinetics of AG and DAG .
However, there is only limited data on the pharmacokinetics of AG and DAG.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate key pharmacokinetic parameters of AG , DAG , and total ghrelin in healthy men and women .
To evaluate key pharmacokinetic parameters of AG, DAG, and total ghrelin in healthy men and women.
METHODS
In study 1 , AG ( 1 , 3 , and 5 g/kg per h ) was infused over 65 min in 12 healthy ( 8 F/4 M ) subjects in randomized order .
In study 1, AG (1, 3, and 5 g/kg per h) was infused over 65 min in 12 healthy (8 F/4 M) subjects in randomized order.
METHODS
In study 2 , AG ( 1 g/kg per h ) , DAG ( 4 g/kg per h ) , or both were infused over 210 min in ten healthy individuals ( 5 F/5 M ) .
In study 2, AG (1 g/kg per h), DAG (4 g/kg per h), or both were infused over 210 min in ten healthy individuals (5 F/5 M).
METHODS
Plasma AG and DAG were measured using specific two-site ELISAs ( study 1 and 2 ) , and total ghrelin with a commercial RIA ( study 1 ) .
Plasma AG and DAG were measured using specific two-site ELISAs (study 1 and 2), and total ghrelin with a commercial RIA (study 1).
METHODS
Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated by non-compartmental analysis .
Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated by non-compartmental analysis.
RESULTS
After the 1 , 3 , and 5 g/kg per h doses of AG , there was a dose-dependent increase in the maximum concentration ( C ( max ) ) and area under the curve ( AUC ( 0-last ) ) of AG and total ghrelin .
After the 1, 3, and 5 g/kg per h doses of AG, there was a dose-dependent increase in the maximum concentration (C (max)) and area under the curve (AUC (0-last)) of AG and total ghrelin.