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CONCLUSIONS | SFI in combination with chemotherapy in treating MC could reduce the occurrence of adverse reaction to chemotherapy , improve clinical symptoms , elevate QOF and enhance immunity in patients with MC . | SFI in combination with chemotherapy in treating MC could reduce the occurrence of adverse reaction to chemotherapy, improve clinical symptoms, elevate QOF and enhance immunity in patients with MC. |
BACKGROUND | Probiotics are microbial supplements that have shown efficacy in a wide range of applications . | Probiotics are microbial supplements that have shown efficacy in a wide range of applications. |
BACKGROUND | To assess the safety and effects of enteral probiotics in critically ill neonates . | To assess the safety and effects of enteral probiotics in critically ill neonates. |
METHODS | A double-blind , randomized controlled trial was conducted in 100 full-term infants with critical illness according to scores of neonatal acute physiology . | A double-blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted in 100 full-term infants with critical illness according to scores of neonatal acute physiology. |
METHODS | Fifty neonatal intensive care patients were randomly assigned to receive probiotics three times daily after birth for 8 days , and fifty patients were not given probiotics , but who received a placebo . | Fifty neonatal intensive care patients were randomly assigned to receive probiotics three times daily after birth for 8 days, and fifty patients were not given probiotics, but who received a placebo. |
METHODS | The incidence of sepsis , multiple organ dysfunction syndrome ( MODS ) , nosocomial pneumonia , and necrotizing enterocolitis were recorded . | The incidence of sepsis, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), nosocomial pneumonia, and necrotizing enterocolitis were recorded. |
METHODS | The prognosis of probiotic treatment was determined based on the rate of recovery and hospital days . | The prognosis of probiotic treatment was determined based on the rate of recovery and hospital days. |
METHODS | Serum IgA , IgG , and IgM concentrations were measured on days 4 and 8 . | Serum IgA, IgG, and IgM concentrations were measured on days 4 and 8. |
RESULTS | Infants in the probiotics group showed a significantly reduced rate of nosocomial pneumonia ( 18 % versus 36 % ) and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome ( 6 % versus 16 % ) compared with the placebo group ( p < 0.05 ) . | Infants in the probiotics group showed a significantly reduced rate of nosocomial pneumonia (18 % versus 36 %) and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (6 % versus 16 %) compared with the placebo group (p < 0. 05). |
RESULTS | Significant results were demonstrated in favour of the probiotics for days of hospital stay ( 13 3.5 d versus 15.8 5.3 d ) ( p < 0.05 ) . | Significant results were demonstrated in favour of the probiotics for days of hospital stay (13 3. 5 d versus 15. 8 5. 3 d) (p < 0. 05). |
RESULTS | However , there were no significant differences in the occurrence of sepsis , necrotizing enterocolitis , and recovery rate . | However, there were no significant differences in the occurrence of sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis, and recovery rate. |
RESULTS | Patients given probiotics had significantly greater levels of IgA than those in the placebo group ( p < 0.05 ) . | Patients given probiotics had significantly greater levels of IgA than those in the placebo group (p < 0. 05). |
RESULTS | No serious adverse effects in the study population were noted . | No serious adverse effects in the study population were noted. |
CONCLUSIONS | Supplements of probiotics to critically ill neonates could enhance immune activity , decrease occurrence of nosocomial pneumonia and MODS , and reduce days in hospital . | Supplements of probiotics to critically ill neonates could enhance immune activity, decrease occurrence of nosocomial pneumonia and MODS, and reduce days in hospital. |
OBJECTIVE | Decreases in prefrontal electroencephalogram ( EEG ) cordance that are detectable as early as 48 hours after the start of medication have been related to clinical outcome in treatment trials for major depressive disorder . | Decreases in prefrontal electroencephalogram (EEG) cordance that are detectable as early as 48 hours after the start of medication have been related to clinical outcome in treatment trials for major depressive disorder. |
OBJECTIVE | The relationship between brain changes during the placebo lead-in phase and medication treatment outcome is unknown . | The relationship between brain changes during the placebo lead-in phase and medication treatment outcome is unknown. |
OBJECTIVE | The authors hypothesized that decreases in prefrontal cordance during the placebo lead-in phase would be associated with better clinical outcome in subjects treated with antidepressants . | The authors hypothesized that decreases in prefrontal cordance during the placebo lead-in phase would be associated with better clinical outcome in subjects treated with antidepressants. |
METHODS | Data were pooled examining 51 adults with major depressive disorder from two independent double-blind placebo-controlled trials . | Data were pooled examining 51 adults with major depressive disorder from two independent double-blind placebo-controlled trials. |
METHODS | A 1-week single-blind placebo lead-in phase preceded 8 weeks of randomized treatment with medication ( fluoxetine 20 mg or venlafaxine 150 mg ) or placebo . | A 1-week single-blind placebo lead-in phase preceded 8 weeks of randomized treatment with medication (fluoxetine 20 mg or venlafaxine 150 mg) or placebo. |
METHODS | The authors obtained quantitative EEG cordance measures at baseline and at the end of the placebo lead-in period . | The authors obtained quantitative EEG cordance measures at baseline and at the end of the placebo lead-in period. |
METHODS | Relationships between regional cordance changes at the end of the placebo lead-in period and clinical outcome ( the final 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression scores ) were examined using multiple linear regression analysis . | Relationships between regional cordance changes at the end of the placebo lead-in period and clinical outcome (the final 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression scores) were examined using multiple linear regression analysis. |
RESULTS | As hypothesized , decreases in prefrontal cordance during the placebo lead-in period were associated with lower final Hamilton depression scale scores in subjects randomly assigned to medication . | As hypothesized, decreases in prefrontal cordance during the placebo lead-in period were associated with lower final Hamilton depression scale scores in subjects randomly assigned to medication. |
RESULTS | Prefrontal changes explained 19 % of the variance in final Hamilton depression scale scores . | Prefrontal changes explained 19 % of the variance in final Hamilton depression scale scores. |
CONCLUSIONS | Neurophysiological changes during a placebo lead-in period may serve as nonpharmacodynamic biomarkers of eventual treatment outcomes in clinical trials for major depressive disorder . | Neurophysiological changes during a placebo lead-in period may serve as nonpharmacodynamic biomarkers of eventual treatment outcomes in clinical trials for major depressive disorder. |
BACKGROUND | Late onset hypogonadism negatively impacts on men 's psychological well-being . | Late onset hypogonadism negatively impacts on men 's psychological well-being. |
BACKGROUND | This study was conducted to examine the interrelationship among symptoms of testosterone deficiency , psychological well-being , and quality of life . | This study was conducted to examine the interrelationship among symptoms of testosterone deficiency, psychological well-being, and quality of life. |
METHODS | Eligible subjects were randomized into active treatment and control groups , and were asked to complete the following questionnaires at baseline and month 6 : aging male 's symptoms ( AMS ) rating scale , hospital anxiety and depression scale ( HADS ) , perceived stress scale ( PSS ) and the short form health survey-12 ( SF-12 ) . | Eligible subjects were randomized into active treatment and control groups, and were asked to complete the following questionnaires at baseline and month 6 : aging male 's symptoms (AMS) rating scale, hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS), perceived stress scale (PSS) and the short form health survey-12 (SF-12). |
METHODS | In this study , men were treated and monitored for 6 months with oral testosterone undecanoate ( TU ) capsules or vitamin E/C capsules in a single-blinded fashion . | In this study, men were treated and monitored for 6 months with oral testosterone undecanoate (TU) capsules or vitamin E/C capsules in a single-blinded fashion. |
METHODS | All in the active treatment group were administered a total of 120 - 160 mg TU orally on a daily basis . | All in the active treatment group were administered a total of 120 - 160 mg TU orally on a daily basis. |
METHODS | Total and free T levels between baseline and month 6 were compared . | Total and free T levels between baseline and month 6 were compared. |
RESULTS | One hundred and sixty eligible subjects were recruited and followed up . | One hundred and sixty eligible subjects were recruited and followed up. |
RESULTS | In the active treatment group , total serum testosterone concentrations before and after intervention were ( 7.98 0.73 ) nmol/L and ( 13.7 1.18 ) nmol/L . | In the active treatment group, total serum testosterone concentrations before and after intervention were (7. 98 0. 73) nmol/L and (13. 7 1. 18) nmol/L. |
RESULTS | The mean HADS anxiety subscale scores for the subjects at baseline and at month 6 were 3.47 0.4 and 1.72 0.2 , respectively ( t = 1.526 , P < 0.05 ) . | The mean HADS anxiety subscale scores for the subjects at baseline and at month 6 were 3. 47 0. 4 and 1. 72 0. 2, respectively (t = 1. 526, P < 0. 05). |
RESULTS | Additionally , the mean HADS depression subscale scores were 4.91 0.6 and 2.39 0.3 , respectively ( t = 3.466 , P < 0.05 ) . | Additionally, the mean HADS depression subscale scores were 4. 91 0. 6 and 2. 39 0. 3, respectively (t = 3. 466, P < 0. 05). |
RESULTS | The mean scores on PSS for the subjects at baseline and at month 6 were 12.88 2.1 and 9.83 1.7 , respectively ( t = 4.009 , P < 0.05 ) . | The mean scores on PSS for the subjects at baseline and at month 6 were 12. 88 2. 1 and 9. 83 1. 7, respectively (t = 4. 009, P < 0. 05). |
RESULTS | Significantly improved SF-12 could be observed ( t = 1.433 and 1.118 , respectively ; both P < 0.05 ) . | Significantly improved SF-12 could be observed (t = 1. 433 and 1. 118, respectively ; both P < 0. 05). |
RESULTS | No significant changes were observed in the control group at month 6 . | No significant changes were observed in the control group at month 6. |
CONCLUSIONS | Androgen replacement not only improves androgen deficiency associated symptoms , but also enhances comprehensive improvement in psychological issues . | Androgen replacement not only improves androgen deficiency associated symptoms, but also enhances comprehensive improvement in psychological issues. |
BACKGROUND | Methyl aminolaevulinate-photodynamic therapy ( MAL-PDT ) is an effective treatment in facial/scalp actinic keratosis ( AK ) . | Methyl aminolaevulinate-photodynamic therapy (MAL-PDT) is an effective treatment in facial/scalp actinic keratosis (AK). |
OBJECTIVE | The aims of this study were to compare efficacy , safety , cosmetic outcome and patient preference of MAL-PDT vs. cryotherapy in patients with AK at other locations . | The aims of this study were to compare efficacy, safety, cosmetic outcome and patient preference of MAL-PDT vs. cryotherapy in patients with AK at other locations. |
METHODS | A multicentre , controlled , randomized , open , intraindividual , right-left comparison was performed . | A multicentre, controlled, randomized, open, intraindividual, right-left comparison was performed. |
METHODS | Patients with nonhyperkeratotic AK were treated once with MAL-PDT and cryotherapy on either side of the body . | Patients with nonhyperkeratotic AK were treated once with MAL-PDT and cryotherapy on either side of the body. |
METHODS | At week 12 , lesions showing noncomplete response were retreated . | At week 12, lesions showing noncomplete response were retreated. |
METHODS | The primary efficacy variable was the lesion response at week 24 . | The primary efficacy variable was the lesion response at week 24. |
METHODS | Investigator 's assessment of cosmetic outcome , patient 's preference in terms of cosmetic outcome and a patient preference questionnaire were also analysed at week 24 . | Investigator 's assessment of cosmetic outcome, patient 's preference in terms of cosmetic outcome and a patient preference questionnaire were also analysed at week 24. |
RESULTS | In total , of 121 patients with 1343 lesions ( 98 % located on the extremities and the remainder on the trunk and neck ) were included . | In total, of 121 patients with 1343 lesions (98 % located on the extremities and the remainder on the trunk and neck) were included. |
RESULTS | Both treatments provided a high mean percentage reduction in lesion count at week 24 with significantly higher efficacy for cryotherapy : 78 % for MAL-PDT and 88 % for cryotherapy ( P = 0.002 , per protocol population ) . | Both treatments provided a high mean percentage reduction in lesion count at week 24 with significantly higher efficacy for cryotherapy : 78 % for MAL-PDT and 88 % for cryotherapy (P = 0. 002, per protocol population). |
RESULTS | Investigator 's assessment of cosmetic outcome was significantly better for MAL-PDT than cryotherapy ( P < 0.001 ) , 79 % of lesions having an excellent cosmetic outcome with MAL-PDT vs. 56 % with cryotherapy at week 24 . | Investigator 's assessment of cosmetic outcome was significantly better for MAL-PDT than cryotherapy (P < 0. 001), 79 % of lesions having an excellent cosmetic outcome with MAL-PDT vs. 56 % with cryotherapy at week 24. |
RESULTS | The cosmetic outcome achieved by MAL-PDT compared with cryotherapy was also preferred by patients ( 50 % vs. 22 % , respectively , P < 0.001 ) , and 59 % of patients would prefer to have any new lesions treated with MAL-PDT compared with 25 % with cryotherapy ( P < 0.001 ) . | The cosmetic outcome achieved by MAL-PDT compared with cryotherapy was also preferred by patients (50 % vs. 22 %, respectively, P < 0. 001), and 59 % of patients would prefer to have any new lesions treated with MAL-PDT compared with 25 % with cryotherapy (P < 0. 001). |
RESULTS | Both treatment regimens were safe and well tolerated . | Both treatment regimens were safe and well tolerated. |
CONCLUSIONS | MAL-PDT showed inferior efficacy for treatment of non-face/scalp AK compared with cryotherapy . | MAL-PDT showed inferior efficacy for treatment of non-face/scalp AK compared with cryotherapy. |
CONCLUSIONS | However , both treatments showed high efficacy , and MAL-PDT conveyed the advantages of better cosmesis and higher patient preference . | However, both treatments showed high efficacy, and MAL-PDT conveyed the advantages of better cosmesis and higher patient preference. |
OBJECTIVE | To determine whether patients with borderline semen should be treated with conventional IVF or intracytoplasmic sperm injection ( ICSI ) . | To determine whether patients with borderline semen should be treated with conventional IVF or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). |
METHODS | Randomized study . | Randomized study. |
METHODS | A university medical center in The Netherlands . | A university medical center in The Netherlands. |
METHODS | One hundred six couples with borderline semen who were undergoing IVF and ICSI on sibling oocytes . | One hundred six couples with borderline semen who were undergoing IVF and ICSI on sibling oocytes. |
METHODS | Performing IVF and ICSI on sibling oocytes . | Performing IVF and ICSI on sibling oocytes. |
METHODS | Fertilization and pregnancy rates . | Fertilization and pregnancy rates. |
RESULTS | One thousand five hundred eighteen oocytes were collected in 106 oocyte retrievals : 849 oocytes were randomly allocated to ICSI , of which 761 were microinjected , and 669 oocytes were randomly assigned to IVF . | One thousand five hundred eighteen oocytes were collected in 106 oocyte retrievals : 849 oocytes were randomly allocated to ICSI, of which 761 were microinjected, and 669 oocytes were randomly assigned to IVF. |
RESULTS | In 26 of the 106 patients , there was fertilization only after ICSI and not after IVF ( IVF - group ) . | In 26 of the 106 patients, there was fertilization only after ICSI and not after IVF (IVF - group). |
RESULTS | The fertilization rate was 51 % ( 92/182 oocytes ) . | The fertilization rate was 51 % (92/182 oocytes). |
RESULTS | In 78 patients , there was fertilization after both IVF and ICSI ( IVF + group ) ; the fertilization rate was 51 % for both the IVF - and ICSI-treated oocytes ( 271/528 oocytes and 334/658 oocytes , respectively ) . | In 78 patients, there was fertilization after both IVF and ICSI (IVF + group) ; the fertilization rate was 51 % for both the IVF - and ICSI-treated oocytes (271/528 oocytes and 334/658 oocytes, respectively). |
RESULTS | In 2 patients , there was no fertilization after either IVF ( 0/6 oocytes ) or ICSI ( 0/9 oocytes ) . | In 2 patients, there was no fertilization after either IVF (0/6 oocytes) or ICSI (0/9 oocytes). |
RESULTS | Patients of the IVF + group had a higher total motile sperm count after preparation than did those of the IVF - group . | Patients of the IVF + group had a higher total motile sperm count after preparation than did those of the IVF - group. |
RESULTS | More high-quality embryos were obtained after ICSI in patients of the IVF + group . | More high-quality embryos were obtained after ICSI in patients of the IVF + group. |
RESULTS | In 101 patients , embryo transfer was performed : 26 in the IVF - group and 75 in the IVF + group . | In 101 patients, embryo transfer was performed : 26 in the IVF - group and 75 in the IVF + group. |
RESULTS | No significant differences were found with regard to pregnancy rates between those two groups : pregnancy rates were 54 % in the IVF - group and 48 % in the IVF + group . | No significant differences were found with regard to pregnancy rates between those two groups : pregnancy rates were 54 % in the IVF - group and 48 % in the IVF + group. |
CONCLUSIONS | Performing ICSI on at least some of the oocytes will avoid unnecessary fertilization failure in patients with borderline semen : in this study , 26 of 104 cycles ( 25 % ) were rescued by ICSI . | Performing ICSI on at least some of the oocytes will avoid unnecessary fertilization failure in patients with borderline semen : in this study, 26 of 104 cycles (25 %) were rescued by ICSI. |
OBJECTIVE | To explore the quality of data recording by practices and identify issues to be considered and addressed before such data can be used as a continuous measure of immunisation delivery . | To explore the quality of data recording by practices and identify issues to be considered and addressed before such data can be used as a continuous measure of immunisation delivery. |
METHODS | One hundred and twenty-four randomly selected general practices visited to measure immunisation coverage using the various practice management systems ( PMS ) in use . | One hundred and twenty-four randomly selected general practices visited to measure immunisation coverage using the various practice management systems (PMS) in use. |
METHODS | To capture all target children it was necessary to build two queries : one generated a list of all children aged between 6 weeks and 2 years who had been to the practice , regardless of enrollment status ; the other asked dates and nature of all immunisations given . | To capture all target children it was necessary to build two queries : one generated a list of all children aged between 6 weeks and 2 years who had been to the practice, regardless of enrollment status ; the other asked dates and nature of all immunisations given. |
METHODS | Each different PMS required a unique query to extract the necessary information . | Each different PMS required a unique query to extract the necessary information. |
RESULTS | Variability encountered included different types and versions of PMS and operating systems ; variable degree of staff technical competence with their PMS ; proportion of enrolled children ranging from nearly 0 to 100 % ; lack of consistency of the nature and location of data entry and coding ; and unreliability of dates relating to some vaccination events . | Variability encountered included different types and versions of PMS and operating systems ; variable degree of staff technical competence with their PMS ; proportion of enrolled children ranging from nearly 0 to 100 % ; lack of consistency of the nature and location of data entry and coding ; and unreliability of dates relating to some vaccination events. |
CONCLUSIONS | To improve recording of immunisation coverage we recommend a standard early age of registration and enrollment ; standard definitions of the denominator and of immunisation delay ; greater uniformity of PMS ; improved staff training ; intrinsic data quality checks ; integration of PMS with changes in the immunisation schedule ; incentives and interval electronic checks to improve data quality . | To improve recording of immunisation coverage we recommend a standard early age of registration and enrollment ; standard definitions of the denominator and of immunisation delay ; greater uniformity of PMS ; improved staff training ; intrinsic data quality checks ; integration of PMS with changes in the immunisation schedule ; incentives and interval electronic checks to improve data quality. |
OBJECTIVE | The impact of preoperative gabapentin on tramadol consumption using patient-controlled analgesia ( PCA ) and postoperative pain was assessed in patients undergoing radical retropubic prostatectomy ( RRP ) . | The impact of preoperative gabapentin on tramadol consumption using patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) and postoperative pain was assessed in patients undergoing radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP). |
METHODS | In this prospective , randomized trial , 51 patients undergoing RRP were randomized into two groups : the gabapentin group received 900 mg gabapentin orally 2 h before surgery ; the control group did not receive gabapentin . | In this prospective, randomized trial, 51 patients undergoing RRP were randomized into two groups : the gabapentin group received 900 mg gabapentin orally 2 h before surgery ; the control group did not receive gabapentin. |
METHODS | Postoperative analgesia was provided by tramadol PCA . | Postoperative analgesia was provided by tramadol PCA. |
METHODS | Pain was assessed using a visual analogue scale for 24 h , postoperatively . | Pain was assessed using a visual analogue scale for 24 h, postoperatively. |
RESULTS | Mean cumulative tramadol consumption at 24 h was comparable in the two groups . | Mean cumulative tramadol consumption at 24 h was comparable in the two groups. |
RESULTS | Pain scores at 45 min , 60 min and 2 h postoperatively , and the number of patients who required rescue analgesia , were significantly lower in the gabapentin group than in the control group . | Pain scores at 45 min, 60 min and 2 h postoperatively, and the number of patients who required rescue analgesia, were significantly lower in the gabapentin group than in the control group. |
RESULTS | Side-effects were similar in the two groups . | Side-effects were similar in the two groups. |
CONCLUSIONS | Preoperative administration of 900 mg gabapentin did not decrease tramadol consumption , but was associated with lower pain scores in the early postoperative phase and a reduced need for rescue analgesia , compared with controls , in patients undergoing RRP . | Preoperative administration of 900 mg gabapentin did not decrease tramadol consumption, but was associated with lower pain scores in the early postoperative phase and a reduced need for rescue analgesia, compared with controls, in patients undergoing RRP. |
OBJECTIVE | To evaluate and compare the safety and efficacy of cisatracurium ( 51W89 ) and atracurium administered by continuous infusion to critically ill patients requiring neuromuscular blocking agents to facilitate mechanical ventilation . | To evaluate and compare the safety and efficacy of cisatracurium (51W89) and atracurium administered by continuous infusion to critically ill patients requiring neuromuscular blocking agents to facilitate mechanical ventilation. |
METHODS | Open , randomized , multicenter study of patients receiving cisatracurium or atracurium infusion to facilitate mechanical ventilation . | Open, randomized, multicenter study of patients receiving cisatracurium or atracurium infusion to facilitate mechanical ventilation. |
METHODS | Five university teaching hospital intensive care units in the United Kingdom . | Five university teaching hospital intensive care units in the United Kingdom. |
METHODS | Sixty-one adult patients requiring neuromuscular blocking agents to facilitate mechanical ventilation . | Sixty-one adult patients requiring neuromuscular blocking agents to facilitate mechanical ventilation. |
METHODS | Bolus doses followed by continuous infusions of cisatracurium or atracurium were administered . | Bolus doses followed by continuous infusions of cisatracurium or atracurium were administered. |
METHODS | Onset , maintenance , and recovery of neuromuscular blockade were measured , using transcutaneous ulnar nerve stimulation and an accelerometer . | Onset, maintenance, and recovery of neuromuscular blockade were measured, using transcutaneous ulnar nerve stimulation and an accelerometer. |
RESULTS | Forty patients received cisatracurium ( mean duration 48.1 + / - 4.2 [ SEM ] hrs ) , and 21 patients received atracurium ( mean duration 46.1 + / - 5.8 hrs ) . | Forty patients received cisatracurium (mean duration 48. 1 + / - 4. 2 [SEM] hrs), and 21 patients received atracurium (mean duration 46. 1 + / - 5. 8 hrs). |
RESULTS | The infusion rate for patients receiving cisatracurium was 3.1 + / - 0.2 microg/kg/min , and for patients receiving atracurium 10.4 + / - 0.9 microg/kg/min . | The infusion rate for patients receiving cisatracurium was 3. 1 + / - 0. 2 microg/kg/min, and for patients receiving atracurium 10. 4 + / - 0. 9 microg/kg/min. |
RESULTS | There were no significant differences in mean times to 70 % recovery of Train-of-Four ratio ( cisatracurium 60 mins , atracurium 57 mins ) , although there was considerable interpatient variation ( 20 to 175 mins with cisatracurium vs. 35 to 85 mins with atracurium ) . | There were no significant differences in mean times to 70 % recovery of Train-of-Four ratio (cisatracurium 60 mins, atracurium 57 mins), although there was considerable interpatient variation (20 to 175 mins with cisatracurium vs. 35 to 85 mins with atracurium). |
RESULTS | One patient who received cisatracurium exhibited intermittent bronchospasm during and after the study period . | One patient who received cisatracurium exhibited intermittent bronchospasm during and after the study period. |
CONCLUSIONS | Cisatracurium , an isomer of atracurium , appears to be a suitable agent for providing muscle relaxation in critically ill patients . | Cisatracurium, an isomer of atracurium, appears to be a suitable agent for providing muscle relaxation in critically ill patients. |
OBJECTIVE | To compare the efficacy of standard medical therapy ( ST ) and noninvasive mechanical ventilation additional to standard medical therapy in hypercapnic acute respiratory failure ( HARF ) . | To compare the efficacy of standard medical therapy (ST) and noninvasive mechanical ventilation additional to standard medical therapy in hypercapnic acute respiratory failure (HARF). |
METHODS | Single center , prospective , randomized , controlled study . | Single center, prospective, randomized, controlled study. |
METHODS | Pulmonary medicine directed critical care unit in a university hospital . | Pulmonary medicine directed critical care unit in a university hospital. |
METHODS | Between March 1993 and November 1996 , 30 HARF patients were randomized to receive ST or noninvasive positive pressure ventilation ( NPPV ) in addition to ST. | Between March 1993 and November 1996, 30 HARF patients were randomized to receive ST or noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) in addition to ST. |
METHODS | NPPV was given with an air-cushioned face via a mechanical ventilator ( Puritan Bennett 7200 ) with initial setting of 5 cm H2O continuous positive airway pressure and 15 cm H2O pressure support . | NPPV was given with an air-cushioned face via a mechanical ventilator (Puritan Bennett 7200) with initial setting of 5 cm H2O continuous positive airway pressure and 15 cm H2O pressure support. |
RESULTS | At the time of randomization , patients in the ST group had ( mean + / - SD ) PaO2 of 54 + / -13 mm Hg , PaCO2 of 67 + / -11 mm Hg , pH of 7.28 + / -0.02 , and respiratory rate of 35.0 + / -5.8 breaths/min . | At the time of randomization, patients in the ST group had (mean + / - SD) PaO2 of 54 + / -13 mm Hg, PaCO2 of 67 + / -11 mm Hg, pH of 7. 28 + / -0. 02, and respiratory rate of 35. 0 + / -5. 8 breaths/min. |
RESULTS | Patients in the NPPV group had PaO2 of 55 + / -14 , PaCO2 of 69 + / -15 , pH of 7.27 + / -0.07 , and respiratory rate of 34.0 + / -8.1 breaths/min . | Patients in the NPPV group had PaO2 of 55 + / -14, PaCO2 of 69 + / -15, pH of 7. 27 + / -0. 07, and respiratory rate of 34. 0 + / -8. 1 breaths/min. |