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RESULTS | With ST , there was significant improvement of only respiratory rate ( p < 0.05 ) . | With ST, there was significant improvement of only respiratory rate (p < 0. 05). |
RESULTS | However , with NPPV , PaO2 ( p < 0.001 ) , PaCO2 ( p < 0.001 ) , pH ( p < 0.001 ) , and respiratory rate ( p < 0.001 ) improved significantly compared with baseline . | However, with NPPV, PaO2 (p < 0. 001), PaCO2 (p < 0. 001), pH (p < 0. 001), and respiratory rate (p < 0. 001) improved significantly compared with baseline. |
RESULTS | Six hours after randomization , pH ( p < 0.01 ) and respiratory rate ( p < 0.01 ) in NPPV patients were significantly better than with ST. Hospital stay for NPPV vs ST patients was , respectively , 11.7 + / -3.5 and 14.6 + / -4.7 days ( p < 0.05 ) . | Six hours after randomization, pH (p < 0. 01) and respiratory rate (p < 0. 01) in NPPV patients were significantly better than with ST. Hospital stay for NPPV vs ST patients was, respectively, 11. 7 + / -3. 5 and 14. 6 + / -4. 7 days (p < 0. 05). |
RESULTS | One patient in the NPPV group required invasive mechanical ventilation . | One patient in the NPPV group required invasive mechanical ventilation. |
RESULTS | The conditions of six patients in the ST group deteriorated and they were switched to NPPV ; this was successful in four patients , two failures were invasively ventilated . | The conditions of six patients in the ST group deteriorated and they were switched to NPPV ; this was successful in four patients, two failures were invasively ventilated. |
CONCLUSIONS | This study suggests that early application of NPPV in HARF patients facilitates improvement , decreases need for invasive mechanical ventilation , and decreases the duration of hospitalization . | This study suggests that early application of NPPV in HARF patients facilitates improvement, decreases need for invasive mechanical ventilation, and decreases the duration of hospitalization. |
OBJECTIVE | Patients with Crohn 's disease ( CD ) often require surgery over their clinical course . | Patients with Crohn 's disease (CD) often require surgery over their clinical course. |
OBJECTIVE | However , endoscopic and clinical recurrence of disease appear respectively in up to 80 % and 30 % of patients after one year . | However, endoscopic and clinical recurrence of disease appear respectively in up to 80 % and 30 % of patients after one year. |
OBJECTIVE | Thus , a prophylactic treatment is needed to reduce the possibility of recurrence . | Thus, a prophylactic treatment is needed to reduce the possibility of recurrence. |
OBJECTIVE | Both azathioprine and infliximab have been demonstrated to be effective , but head to head studies have not been performed so far . | Both azathioprine and infliximab have been demonstrated to be effective, but head to head studies have not been performed so far. |
OBJECTIVE | Aim of this open-label prospective study was to analyse endoscopic , histological and clinical recurrence after one year of treatment with azathioprine or infliximab as postoperative therapies in CD patients with `` high risk '' of recurrence . | Aim of this open-label prospective study was to analyse endoscopic, histological and clinical recurrence after one year of treatment with azathioprine or infliximab as postoperative therapies in CD patients with '' high risk '' of recurrence. |
METHODS | Consecutive CD patients who underwent curative ileocolonic resection were randomized ( 1:1 ) to receive infliximab ( standard induction and maintenance schedule ) or azathioprine ( 2.5 mg/kg/day ) for 1 year . | Consecutive CD patients who underwent curative ileocolonic resection were randomized (1:1) to receive infliximab (standard induction and maintenance schedule) or azathioprine (2. 5 mg/kg/day) for 1 year. |
METHODS | Co-primary endpoints were endoscopic , histological and clinical recurrence after 12 months of therapy . | Co-primary endpoints were endoscopic, histological and clinical recurrence after 12 months of therapy. |
RESULTS | Twenty-two consecutive CD patients ( 15 male ; median age 32 years , IQR 22-38 ) were enrolled after curative ileocolonic resection . | Twenty-two consecutive CD patients (15 male ; median age 32 years, IQR 22-38) were enrolled after curative ileocolonic resection. |
RESULTS | Eleven patients were treated with infliximab and 11 received azathioprine . | Eleven patients were treated with infliximab and 11 received azathioprine. |
RESULTS | Among patients treated with azathioprine , 4/10 ( 40 % ) had endoscopic recurrence compared to 1/11 ( 9 % ) in the infliximab group ( p = 0.14 ) . | Among patients treated with azathioprine, 4/10 (40 %) had endoscopic recurrence compared to 1/11 (9 %) in the infliximab group (p = 0. 14). |
RESULTS | Eight out of 10 ( 80 % ) among those who received azathioprine had severe histological activity , whereas 2/11 ( 18 % ) in the infliximab group presented histological recurrence ( p = 0.008 ) . | Eight out of 10 (80 %) among those who received azathioprine had severe histological activity, whereas 2/11 (18 %) in the infliximab group presented histological recurrence (p = 0. 008). |
RESULTS | No significant clinical differences were found between the two groups . | No significant clinical differences were found between the two groups. |
CONCLUSIONS | Infliximab was more effective than azathioprine in reducing histological , but not endoscopic and clinical recurrence after curative ileocolonic resection in `` high risk '' CD patients . | Infliximab was more effective than azathioprine in reducing histological, but not endoscopic and clinical recurrence after curative ileocolonic resection in '' high risk '' CD patients. |
BACKGROUND | Immediate loading of osseointegrating implants shortens the treatment time and makes it possible to give the patient an esthetic appearance during the whole treatment period . | Immediate loading of osseointegrating implants shortens the treatment time and makes it possible to give the patient an esthetic appearance during the whole treatment period. |
BACKGROUND | A previous retrospective clinical study showed a success rate of 94.2 % after 1 year of immediate loading of fixed partial constructions in the maxilla supported by machined-surface implants . | A previous retrospective clinical study showed a success rate of 94. 2 % after 1 year of immediate loading of fixed partial constructions in the maxilla supported by machined-surface implants. |
BACKGROUND | The recently introduced Brnemark System TiUnite ( Nobel Biocare AB , Gothenburg , Sweden ) surface has been shown to better maintain primary implant stability and to help achieve secondary stability earlier compared with the machined surface . | The recently introduced Brnemark System TiUnite (Nobel Biocare AB, Gothenburg, Sweden) surface has been shown to better maintain primary implant stability and to help achieve secondary stability earlier compared with the machined surface. |
OBJECTIVE | The aim of the present study was to compare TiUnite and machined-surfaced Brnemark System implants when applying immediate loading of partial fixed bridges in the posterior mandible . | The aim of the present study was to compare TiUnite and machined-surfaced Brnemark System implants when applying immediate loading of partial fixed bridges in the posterior mandible. |
METHODS | Forty-four patients were randomized for test and control therapy . | Forty-four patients were randomized for test and control therapy. |
METHODS | In the test group , 22 patients received 66 Brnemark System TiUnite surface implants supporting 24 fixed partial bridges , all of which were connected on the day of implant insertion . | In the test group, 22 patients received 66 Brnemark System TiUnite surface implants supporting 24 fixed partial bridges, all of which were connected on the day of implant insertion. |
METHODS | In the control group , 22 patients received 55 Brnemark System machined-surface implants supporting 22 fixed partial bridges , which also were connected on the day of implant insertion . | In the control group, 22 patients received 55 Brnemark System machined-surface implants supporting 22 fixed partial bridges, which also were connected on the day of implant insertion. |
METHODS | All constructions were two - to four-unit bridges . | All constructions were two - to four-unit bridges. |
METHODS | Bone quality and quantity were assessed . | Bone quality and quantity were assessed. |
METHODS | Radiographic examinations were performed on the day of surgery/loading and at the 1-year follow-up visit . | Radiographic examinations were performed on the day of surgery/loading and at the 1-year follow-up visit. |
RESULTS | Three TiUnite and eight machined-surface implants failed during the first 7 weeks of loading . | Three TiUnite and eight machined-surface implants failed during the first 7 weeks of loading. |
RESULTS | This resulted in a cumulative success rate of 95.5 % for TiUnite surface implants after 1 year of prosthetic load in the posterior mandible . | This resulted in a cumulative success rate of 95. 5 % for TiUnite surface implants after 1 year of prosthetic load in the posterior mandible. |
RESULTS | The corresponding cumulative success rate for machined-surface implants was 85.5 % . | The corresponding cumulative success rate for machined-surface implants was 85. 5 %. |
RESULTS | When using the machined-surface implants , the number of failed implants was significantly higher in smokers and in bone quality 4 sites . | When using the machined-surface implants, the number of failed implants was significantly higher in smokers and in bone quality 4 sites. |
RESULTS | Such findings were not seen with the use of TiUnite implants , despite the fact that there were more smokers and more implants placed in bone quality 4 in this group . | Such findings were not seen with the use of TiUnite implants, despite the fact that there were more smokers and more implants placed in bone quality 4 in this group. |
RESULTS | The marginal bone resorption after 1 year of loading was on average 0.9 mm ( SD 0.7 mm ) with the TiUnite implants and 1.0 mm ( SD 0.9 mm ) with the machined implants . | The marginal bone resorption after 1 year of loading was on average 0. 9 mm (SD 0. 7 mm) with the TiUnite implants and 1. 0 mm (SD 0. 9 mm) with the machined implants. |
CONCLUSIONS | The present study demonstrated a 10 % higher success rate following immediate loading of partial fixed bridges in the posterior mandible supported by TiUnite surface implants compared with success with machined implants . | The present study demonstrated a 10 % higher success rate following immediate loading of partial fixed bridges in the posterior mandible supported by TiUnite surface implants compared with success with machined implants. |
CONCLUSIONS | When using the machined implants , the number of failed implants was significantly higher in smokers and in bone quality 4 sites . | When using the machined implants, the number of failed implants was significantly higher in smokers and in bone quality 4 sites. |
CONCLUSIONS | Such findings were not seen following the use of TiUnite implants . | Such findings were not seen following the use of TiUnite implants. |
OBJECTIVE | To compare intracameral levels and clinical efficacy of lidocaine 2 % gel with lidocaine 4 % unpreserved drops . | To compare intracameral levels and clinical efficacy of lidocaine 2 % gel with lidocaine 4 % unpreserved drops. |
METHODS | Double-blind , randomized , one-surgeon , controlled trial . | Double-blind, randomized, one-surgeon, controlled trial. |
METHODS | One hundred seven consecutive cataract cases eligible for topical anesthesia . | One hundred seven consecutive cataract cases eligible for topical anesthesia. |
METHODS | Patients were randomly assigned to receive 20 mg of lidocaine either as lidocaine 2 % gel ( 1 ml ) or as lidocaine 4 % unpreserved eyedrops ( 0.5 ml ) before clear corneal phacoemulsification . | Patients were randomly assigned to receive 20 mg of lidocaine either as lidocaine 2 % gel (1 ml) or as lidocaine 4 % unpreserved eyedrops (0. 5 ml) before clear corneal phacoemulsification. |
METHODS | Aqueous samples were taken to measure lidocaine intraocular levels . | Aqueous samples were taken to measure lidocaine intraocular levels. |
METHODS | Intraoperative pain was quantified a few minutes after surgery using a 0 to 10 visual analog scale . | Intraoperative pain was quantified a few minutes after surgery using a 0 to 10 visual analog scale. |
METHODS | Patients were asked to grade the degree to which they were bothered by tissue manipulation . | Patients were asked to grade the degree to which they were bothered by tissue manipulation. |
METHODS | The surgeon graded patients ' cooperation . | The surgeon graded patients'cooperation. |
METHODS | The anesthesiologist recorded any increase in pulse or blood pressure and the need for supplemental topical anesthesia or intravenous sedation . | The anesthesiologist recorded any increase in pulse or blood pressure and the need for supplemental topical anesthesia or intravenous sedation. |
METHODS | Duration of surgery and intraoperative complications were also recorded . | Duration of surgery and intraoperative complications were also recorded. |
RESULTS | In the gel group intracameral lidocaine levels were significantly higher ( P < 0.001 ) and patient-reported intraoperative pain scores were significantly lower ( P = 0.026 ) . | In the gel group intracameral lidocaine levels were significantly higher (P < 0. 001) and patient-reported intraoperative pain scores were significantly lower (P = 0. 026). |
RESULTS | Patients in the gel group were bothered by tissue manipulation to a lesser extent ( P = 0.028 ) , and their cooperation was better ( P = 0.002 ) . | Patients in the gel group were bothered by tissue manipulation to a lesser extent (P = 0. 028), and their cooperation was better (P = 0. 002). |
RESULTS | Increases in blood pressure were more frequent in the eyedrops group . | Increases in blood pressure were more frequent in the eyedrops group. |
RESULTS | Supplemental anesthesia was required in two cases ( 3.70 % ) in the gel group versus eight cases in the eyedrops group ( 15.09 % ) . | Supplemental anesthesia was required in two cases (3. 70 %) in the gel group versus eight cases in the eyedrops group (15. 09 %). |
RESULTS | No correlation between intracameral lidocaine levels and intraoperative pain scores was found ( r = -0.026 , P = 0.789 ) . | No correlation between intracameral lidocaine levels and intraoperative pain scores was found (r = -0. 026, P = 0. 789). |
CONCLUSIONS | If administered by means of gel , the same amount of lidocaine gives significantly higher intracameral levels of lidocaine , better analgesia , better patient cooperation , and less need for intraoperative supplemental anesthesia . | If administered by means of gel, the same amount of lidocaine gives significantly higher intracameral levels of lidocaine, better analgesia, better patient cooperation, and less need for intraoperative supplemental anesthesia. |
CONCLUSIONS | Lower pain scores do not correlate with intracameral lidocaine levels . | Lower pain scores do not correlate with intracameral lidocaine levels. |
BACKGROUND | Psychosocial stress profoundly impacts long-term cardiovascular health through adverse effects on sympathetic nervous system activity , endothelial dysfunction , and atherosclerotic development . | Psychosocial stress profoundly impacts long-term cardiovascular health through adverse effects on sympathetic nervous system activity, endothelial dysfunction, and atherosclerotic development. |
BACKGROUND | Recreational Music Making ( RMM ) is a unique stress amelioration strategy encompassing group music-based activities that has great therapeutic potential for treating patients with stress-related cardiovascular disease . | Recreational Music Making (RMM) is a unique stress amelioration strategy encompassing group music-based activities that has great therapeutic potential for treating patients with stress-related cardiovascular disease. |
METHODS | Participants ( n = 34 ) with a history of ischemic heart disease were subjected to an acute time-limited stressor , then randomized to RMM or quiet reading for one hour . | Participants (n = 34) with a history of ischemic heart disease were subjected to an acute time-limited stressor, then randomized to RMM or quiet reading for one hour. |
METHODS | Peripheral blood gene expression using GeneChip Human Genome U133A 2.0 arrays was assessed at baseline , following stress , and after the relaxation session . | Peripheral blood gene expression using GeneChip Human Genome U133A 2. 0 arrays was assessed at baseline, following stress, and after the relaxation session. |
RESULTS | Full gene set enrichment analysis identified 16 molecular pathways differentially regulated ( P < 0.005 ) during stress that function in immune response , cell mobility , and transcription . | Full gene set enrichment analysis identified 16 molecular pathways differentially regulated (P < 0. 005) during stress that function in immune response, cell mobility, and transcription. |
RESULTS | During relaxation , two pathways showed a significant change in expression in the control group , while 12 pathways governing immune function and gene expression were modulated among RMM participants . | During relaxation, two pathways showed a significant change in expression in the control group, while 12 pathways governing immune function and gene expression were modulated among RMM participants. |
RESULTS | Only 13 % ( 2/16 ) of pathways showed differential expression during stress and relaxation . | Only 13 % (2/16) of pathways showed differential expression during stress and relaxation. |
CONCLUSIONS | Human stress and relaxation responses may be controlled by different molecular pathways . | Human stress and relaxation responses may be controlled by different molecular pathways. |
CONCLUSIONS | Relaxation through active engagement in Recreational Music Making may be more effective than quiet reading at altering gene expression and thus more clinically useful for stress amelioration . | Relaxation through active engagement in Recreational Music Making may be more effective than quiet reading at altering gene expression and thus more clinically useful for stress amelioration. |
OBJECTIVE | The goal of this study was to determine whether azimilide , as compared with placebo , will reduce the number of emergency department ( ED ) visits and hospitalizations caused by arrhythmias or cardiac events in patients with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator ( ICD ) . | The goal of this study was to determine whether azimilide, as compared with placebo, will reduce the number of emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations caused by arrhythmias or cardiac events in patients with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD). |
BACKGROUND | Patients with an ICD may require ED visits and hospitalizations because of arrhythmias , which trigger ICD therapies . | Patients with an ICD may require ED visits and hospitalizations because of arrhythmias, which trigger ICD therapies. |
BACKGROUND | The effect of adjunctive antiarrhythmic therapy on these outcomes is not known . | The effect of adjunctive antiarrhythmic therapy on these outcomes is not known. |
METHODS | A total of 633 patients with an ICD were randomized in the SHIELD ( SHock Inhibition Evaluation with AzimiLiDe ) trial , a blinded , placebo-controlled randomized trial of the investigational class III antiarrhythmic azimilide ( 75 and 125 mg/day ) , and , prospectively , cardiac and arrhythmic ED visits and hospitalization data were collected over 1 year . | A total of 633 patients with an ICD were randomized in the SHIELD (SHock Inhibition Evaluation with AzimiLiDe) trial, a blinded, placebo-controlled randomized trial of the investigational class III antiarrhythmic azimilide (75 and 125 mg/day), and, prospectively, cardiac and arrhythmic ED visits and hospitalization data were collected over 1 year. |
RESULTS | All patients had symptomatic sustained ventricular tachycardia ( 72 % ) or ventricular fibrillation ( 28 % ) before study entry . | All patients had symptomatic sustained ventricular tachycardia (72 %) or ventricular fibrillation (28 %) before study entry. |
RESULTS | Overall , 44 % ( n = 276 ) experienced at least 1 cardiac ED visit or hospitalization . | Overall, 44 % (n = 276) experienced at least 1 cardiac ED visit or hospitalization. |
RESULTS | Among 214 patients assigned to placebo , 38.3 % had at least 1 arrhythmic-related ED visit or hospitalization compared with 21.8 % of 220 patients assigned to 75-mg azimilide ( p < 0.001 ) and 27.6 % of 199 patients assigned to 125 mg azimilide ( p < 0.05 ) . | Among 214 patients assigned to placebo, 38. 3 % had at least 1 arrhythmic-related ED visit or hospitalization compared with 21. 8 % of 220 patients assigned to 75-mg azimilide (p < 0. 001) and 27. 6 % of 199 patients assigned to 125 mg azimilide (p < 0. 05). |
RESULTS | Symptomatic ventricular tachycardia treated by antitachycardia pacing , shocks , and shocks plus symptomatic arrhythmias were significant predictors of cardiac-related ED visits or hospitalizations ( relative risk : 2.0 , 3.0 , and 3.1 , respectively ) . | Symptomatic ventricular tachycardia treated by antitachycardia pacing, shocks, and shocks plus symptomatic arrhythmias were significant predictors of cardiac-related ED visits or hospitalizations (relative risk : 2. 0, 3. 0, and 3. 1, respectively). |
RESULTS | In a stepwise logistic regression model , the presence of congestive heart failure ( New York Heart Association functional class II/III ) was the only additional independent predictor of cardiac ED visits or hospitalizations . | In a stepwise logistic regression model, the presence of congestive heart failure (New York Heart Association functional class II/III) was the only additional independent predictor of cardiac ED visits or hospitalizations. |
CONCLUSIONS | Azimilide significantly reduces the number of ED visits and hospitalizations in patients with an ICD at high risk of arrhythmias . | Azimilide significantly reduces the number of ED visits and hospitalizations in patients with an ICD at high risk of arrhythmias. |
OBJECTIVE | Our aim was to test the hypothesis that acetylsalicylate ( aspirin ) treatment reduces the incidence or severity of pregnancy-associated hypertension . | Our aim was to test the hypothesis that acetylsalicylate (aspirin) treatment reduces the incidence or severity of pregnancy-associated hypertension. |
METHODS | Patients were nulliparous , healthy , and with a singleton gestation at between 20 and 22 weeks ' gestation . | Patients were nulliparous, healthy, and with a singleton gestation at between 20 and 22 weeks'gestation. |
METHODS | A sample size of 600 patients was calculated on the basis of p < or = 0.05 and 90 % power of observation . | A sample size of 600 patients was calculated on the basis of p < or = 0. 05 and 90 % power of observation. |
METHODS | A 2-week placebo-controlled `` run-in '' was used to select compliant patients . | A 2-week placebo-controlled '' run-in '' was used to select compliant patients. |
METHODS | Randomization occurred at 24 weeks , with 60 mg of aspirin or placebo treatment from randomization to delivery . | Randomization occurred at 24 weeks, with 60 mg of aspirin or placebo treatment from randomization to delivery. |
RESULTS | Follow-up was maintained on 99 % of the patients . | Follow-up was maintained on 99 % of the patients. |
RESULTS | The randomized patients had a 94 % pill compliance index . | The randomized patients had a 94 % pill compliance index. |
RESULTS | At randomization , serum thromboxane medians were similar in both groups . | At randomization, serum thromboxane medians were similar in both groups. |
RESULTS | Thromboxane B2 levels in the aspirin group decreased significantly from baseline at 29 to 31 weeks , 34 to 36 weeks , and at delivery as compared with an overall increase in the placebo group . | Thromboxane B2 levels in the aspirin group decreased significantly from baseline at 29 to 31 weeks, 34 to 36 weeks, and at delivery as compared with an overall increase in the placebo group. |
RESULTS | Preeclampsia developed in five of 302 women ( 1.7 % ) who received aspirin versus 17 of 302 ( 5.6 % ) who received the placebo ( p = 0.009 ) . | Preeclampsia developed in five of 302 women (1. 7 %) who received aspirin versus 17 of 302 (5. 6 %) who received the placebo (p = 0. 009). |
RESULTS | Preeclampsia was severe in one aspirin and in six placebo recipients ( p = 0.06 ) . | Preeclampsia was severe in one aspirin and in six placebo recipients (p = 0. 06). |
CONCLUSIONS | Daily ingestion of 60 mg of aspirin beginning at 24 weeks ' gestation significantly reduced the occurrence of preeclampsia . | Daily ingestion of 60 mg of aspirin beginning at 24 weeks'gestation significantly reduced the occurrence of preeclampsia. |
OBJECTIVE | To assess the efficacy and safety of interferon-alpha ( IFN-alpha ) in children with Hepatitis B e antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B virus infection . | To assess the efficacy and safety of interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) in children with Hepatitis B e antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B virus infection. |
METHODS | PubMed and Chinese Biomedical Database were searched from the beginning of operation of the databases to April 2006 , and the references of eligible studies were manually screened . | PubMed and Chinese Biomedical Database were searched from the beginning of operation of the databases to April 2006, and the references of eligible studies were manually screened. |
METHODS | Randomized controlled trials ( RCTs ) published in the English and Chinese literature comparing interferon-alpha with non-antiviral interventions ( placebo or no treatment ) in children with hepatitis B e antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B virus infection were eligible for inclusion . | Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in the English and Chinese literature comparing interferon-alpha with non-antiviral interventions (placebo or no treatment) in children with hepatitis B e antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B virus infection were eligible for inclusion. |
METHODS | Studies were included if patients were treated for at least 3 months and followed-up for at least 6 months after cessation of therapy . | Studies were included if patients were treated for at least 3 months and followed-up for at least 6 months after cessation of therapy. |
METHODS | Two investigators independently assessed the quality and extracted the data . | Two investigators independently assessed the quality and extracted the data. |
METHODS | The methodological quality of trails was assessed by the Jadad-scale plus allocation concealment . | The methodological quality of trails was assessed by the Jadad-scale plus allocation concealment. |
METHODS | Heterogeneity was examined by Chi-square test . | Heterogeneity was examined by Chi-square test. |
METHODS | Fixed effects model or random effects model were used to pool the data . | Fixed effects model or random effects model were used to pool the data. |
METHODS | Sensitivity analyses were used for the treatment course . | Sensitivity analyses were used for the treatment course. |
RESULTS | Ten randomized controlled studies with a total of 542 children chronic HBV carriers who were positive for hepatitis B surface antigen ( HBsAg ) and hepatitis B e antigen ( HBeAg ) were identified . | Ten randomized controlled studies with a total of 542 children chronic HBV carriers who were positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) were identified. |
RESULTS | It was found by the meta-analysis that , compared with the control , at the end of the follow-up period , IFN-alpha could still significantly clear HBeAg [ 31.1 % vs. 12.4 % , odds ratio ( OR ) : 3.17 , 95 % CI ( 2.00 , 5.02 ) , P < 0.000 01 ] , clear HBV-DNA [ 33.9 % vs. 16.2 % , OR : 2.59 , 95 % CI ( 1.70 , 3.96 ) , P < 0.0001 ] , clear HBsAg [ 5.5 % vs. 1.2 % , OR : 3.44 , 95 % CI ( 1.20 , 9.89 ) , P = 0.02 ] , normalize ALT [ 43.0 % vs. 27.7 % , OR : 1.99 , 95 % CI ( 1.16 , 3.42 ) , P = 0.01 ] , and achieve HBeAg seroconversion [ 30.4 % vs. 12.8 % , OR : 2.90 , 95 % CI ( 1.56 , 5.39 ) , P = 0.0008 ] , but was not effective in HBsAg seroconversion [ 1.9 % vs. 0 , 95 % CI ( 0.42 , 18.13 ) , P = 0.29 ] . | It was found by the meta-analysis that, compared with the control, at the end of the follow-up period, IFN-alpha could still significantly clear HBeAg [31. 1 % vs. 12. 4 %, odds ratio (OR) : 3. 17, 95 % CI (2. 00, 5. 02), P < 0. 000 01], clear HBV-DNA [33. 9 % vs. 16. 2 %, OR : 2. 59, 95 % CI (1. 70, 3. 96), P < 0. 0001], clear HBsAg [5. 5 % vs. 1. 2 %, OR : 3. 44, 95 % CI (1. 20, 9. 89), P = 0. 02], normalize ALT [43. 0 % vs. 27. 7 %, OR : 1. 99, 95 % CI (1. 16, 3. 42), P = 0. 01], and achieve HBeAg seroconversion [30. 4 % vs. 12. 8 %, OR : 2. 90, 95 % CI (1. 56, 5. 39), P = 0. 0008], but was not effective in HBsAg seroconversion [1. 9 % vs. 0, 95 % CI (0. 42, 18. 13), P = 0. 29]. |
CONCLUSIONS | Interferon-alpha might be efficacious in clearance of HBeAg , HBV-DNA and HBsAg , normalization of ALT , and achievement of HBeAg seroconversion in children with chronic hepatitis B. Little evidence is available on HBsAg seroconversion . | Interferon-alpha might be efficacious in clearance of HBeAg, HBV-DNA and HBsAg, normalization of ALT, and achievement of HBeAg seroconversion in children with chronic hepatitis B. Little evidence is available on HBsAg seroconversion. |
CONCLUSIONS | Further RCTs of high-quality and sufficient number of cases are needed for confirmation of the clinical efficacy of IFN-alpha in chronic hepatitis B in children . | Further RCTs of high-quality and sufficient number of cases are needed for confirmation of the clinical efficacy of IFN-alpha in chronic hepatitis B in children. |
BACKGROUND | Submassive pulmonary embolism ( PE ) has a low mortality rate but can degrade functional capacity . | Submassive pulmonary embolism (PE) has a low mortality rate but can degrade functional capacity. |