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45258d3d-b974-44dd-a161-c3fccbdadd88 | Which of the following is not true for myelinated nerve fibers: | Impulse through myelinated fibers is slower than non-myelinated fibers | Membrane currents are generated at nodes of Ranvier | Saltatory conduction of impulses is seen | Local anesthesia is effective only when the nerve is not covered by myelin sheath | 0a
| multi | null | Physiology | null |
b944ada9-d776-4c2a-9180-3ae5f393f72d | Which of the following is not true about glomerular capillaries') | The oncotic pressure of the fluid leaving the capillaries is less than that of fluid entering it | Glucose concentration in the capillaries is the same as that in glomerular filtrate | Constriction of afferent aeriole decreases the blood flow to the glomerulas | Hematocrit of the fluid leaving the capillaries is less than that of the fluid entering it | 0a
| multi | Ans-a. The oncotic pressure of the fluid leaving the capillaries is less than that of fluid entering it Guyton I LpJ1 4-.;anong 23/e p653-6_)Glomerular oncotic pressure (due to plasma protein content) is higher than that of filtrate oncotic pressure in Bowman's capsule"Since glucose is freely filtered and the fluid in the Bowman's capsule is isotonic with plasma, the concentration of glucose in the filtrate is the same as in the capillaries | Physiology | null |
b64a9cd7-d076-4c55-8be1-f9c44fece6cc | A 29 yrs old woman with a pregnancy of 17 week has a 10 years old boy with down syndrome. She does not want another down syndrome kid; best advice to her is | No test is required now as her age is below 35 years | Ultra sound at this point of time will definitely tell her that next baby will be down syndromic or not | Amniotic fluid samples plus chromosomal analysis will definitely tell her that next baby will be down syndromic or not | blood screening at this point of time will clear the exact picture | 2c
| single | null | Medicine | null |
ce49098b-cc48-4168-859e-936e3e0c7459 | Which of the following are not a branch of external carotid Aery in Kiesselbach's plexus. | Sphenopalatine aery | Anterior ethmoidal aery | Greater palatine aery | Septal branch of superior labial aery | 1b
| single | *Kiesselbach's plexus: Antero superior pa is supplied by ANTERIOR & POSTERIOR ETHMOIDAL AERIES which are branches of ophthalmic aery, branch of INTERNAL CAROTID AERY. Antero inferior pa is supplied by SUPERIOR LABIAL AERY - branch of facial aery, which is branch of EXTERNAL CAROTID AERY. Postero superior pa is supplied by SPHENO-PALATINE AERY - branch of MAXILLARY aery, which is branch of ECA. POSTERO INFERIOR pa is supplied by branches of GREATER PALATINE AERY - branch of ECA Antero inferior pa/vestibule of septum contain anastomosis b/w septal ramus of superior labial branch of facial aery & branches of sphenopalatine, greater palatine & anterior ethmoidal aeries. These form a large capillary network called KIESSELBACH'S PLEXUS If dryness persists, bleeding will occur Therefore, in given options, Anterior ethmoidal aery is a branch of ICA not ECA | Anatomy | AIIMS 2017 |
26160738-1887-4252-86d4-1719a5a80bd3 | About N. gonorrhoea, all are true except | Most common cause of urethritis in male | All stains are highly susceptible to penicillin | Wide spread axoregnic stains cause disseminated gonococcal infection | Found exclusively in human beings | 1b
| multi | null | Microbiology | null |
67add9f9-94b5-40b2-904d-fb4965fb8309 | In Erythroblastosis fetalis not involved is – | Anti C | Anti D | Anti E | Anti Lewis | 3d
| single | Erythroblastosis fetalis is caused by the transplacental passage of maternal antibody active against paternal RBC antigens of the infant and is characterized by an increased rate of RBC destruction.
Although more than 60 different RBC antigens are capable of eliciting an antibody response, significant disease is associated primarily D antigen of Rh group and with A 0 incompatibility.
Other rare antigens involved are -
C or E antigen of Rh group
RBC antigens - Cw, Cx, Cu, K (kell), M, Duffy, S, P, MNS, Xg, Lutheran, Diego and Kidd.
Anti-Lewis antibodies do not cause disease. | Pediatrics | null |
6bfe528d-3481-47e2-bc3d-d38c56b5f0cc | A dentist suffered from Hepatitis B infection 3 months back. His laboratory tests are normal, but he is not allowed by the medical board to do surgical practice. He is: | Inactive carrier | Healthy carrier | Convalescent carrier | Paradoxical carrier | 2c
| multi | Convalescent carrier is the host who continues to harbor the microorganism even after recovering from the clinical disease caused by the same pathogen.
Key Points
HBsAg:
The antigen appears in blood during incubation period and is detectable in most patients during the prodrome and acute phase of the disease.
Persistent presence of HBsAg in blood for at least 6 months indicates the carrier state and also indicates the risk of chronic hepatitis and hepatic carcinoma. It is not detectable in the serum during convalescent stage. The presence of HBsAg alone does not necessarily indicate the replication of complete virion, and the patients may not have symptoms of liver damage.
Parija SC. Textbook of Microbiology & Immunology. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2014. Page:74,553 | Microbiology | null |
849b1909-c988-4d0b-8eaf-a716707cbe97 | Which pa of brachial plexus do not give branches | Root | Division | Cord | Trunk | 1b
| single | Answer: B. DivisionDivision does not give branches | Anatomy | null |
1482f619-ffc5-4773-b48e-995421bcab06 | A patient presents with carcinoma of the larynx involving the left false cords, left arytenoid and the left aryepiglottic folds with bilateral mobile true cords. Treatment of choice is - | Vertical hemilaryngectomy | Horizontal partial hemilaryngectomy | Total laryngectomy | Radiotherapy followed by chemotherapy | 0a
| multi | In the Patient
Involvement of unilateral false cord, aryepiglottic folds and arytenoids with mobile cord suggest supraglottic cancer in T2 stage (morem than one subsites of supraglottis are involved).
For T2 stage radiotherpy is best. But it is not given in options. Hence we will go for voice conserving surgery-vertical hemilaryngectomy.
Vertical hemilaryngectomy means excision of one half of larynx, one half of supraglottis, glottis and subglottis. | ENT | null |
0e7917ea-310b-4477-9897-f4901f728448 | Which of the following lipoproteins does not move towards charged end in electrophoresis? | VLDL | LDL | HDL | Chylomicrons | 3d
| single | Based on electrophoretic separation from cathode to anode, the order of lipoprotein in an electrophoretogram is
Chylomicron
LDL (β Lipoprotein)
VLDL (Pre β Lipoprotein)
IDL (Broad β Lipoprotein)
HDL (α Lipoprotein) | Biochemistry | null |
7627eb54-4499-45d0-ba1f-1c8dbc6f2342 | Iron is present in all, EXCEPT | Myoglobin | Cytochrome | Catalase | Pyruvate kinase | 3d
| multi | null | Biochemistry | null |
890982b8-3906-44be-aff1-437a7c6c373d | In a couple for treatment of infeility from the last four years, female paner is normal. Male paner has 0.8 ml semen volume per ejaculate on two repeated samples and absent fructose, with no sperms on examination under microscope. What is the next line of management? | Per-rectal examination to check ejaculatory duct obstruction | Give antioxidants | Testicular biopsy | Transrectal ultrasound to detect duct obstruction | 3d
| single | Answer- D. Transrectal ultrasound to detect duct obstructionAbsent fructose with no sperms in ejaculate is suggestive of obstruction of vas deferens with seminal vesicle agenesis or obstruction. Next line of management in this patient would be transrectal ultrasound to detect duct obstruction.Transrectal Ultrasound-High-frequency (5-7) mHz transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) offers superb imaging of the prostate, seminal vesicles, and ejaculatory ducts.Due to both accuracy and convenience, TRUS has replaced surgical vasography in the diagnosis of obstructive lesions that cause infeility. | Surgery | null |
069b7516-54c4-4e5d-acf7-a7c92fdd2a01 | The zygomatic bone does not articulate with: | Frontal bone | Maxillary bone | Nasal bone | Temporal bone | 2c
| single | null | Dental | null |
d1d16eda-c34e-4492-bee4-1b8c4246daf3 | Due to which of the following enzyme deficiency, vitamin C cannot be synthesised in humans? | L-Glucuronic acid oxidase | L-Gulonic acid reductase | L-Gulonolactone oxidase | L-Gulonolactone reductase | 2c
| single | L-Gulonolactone oxidase produces Vitamin C Uronic acid pathway, but only in plants & most animals. Humans cannot make vitamin C due to absence of L-Gulonolactone oxidase enzyme.(See fig) Uronic acid pathway- glucose is conveed to glucuronic acid, pentoses and, in some animals, to ascorbic acid (not in man). ADDITIONAL EDGE: Uronic Acid Pathway synthesize Glucuronic Acid, Pentoses and Vit C Uses of Glucuronic acid: Incorporated into proteoglycans (Glucuronate used) Acts as a conjugating agent (Phase II conjugation reactions like bilirubin conjugation) | Biochemistry | AIIMS 2018 |
87d8663f-e0cd-4766-87b7-5312dfc4cd62 | Which of the following type of failure may occur, if the coefficient of thermal expansion of ceramic is much lower than that of metal? | Cohesive failure of ceramic | Adhesive failure of metal ceramic bond | Cohesive failure of metal | Cohesive failure of metal ceramic bond | 1b
| single | A thermal contraction mismatch that results from a higher coefficient of contraction of porcelain (αP is greater than αM) will introduce residual tangential and hoop tensile stresses. The additive effect of tangential tensile stress induced in the porcelain by the intraoral force can exceed the tensile strength of the porcelain and causes crack propagation in the porcelain veneer. When the contraction coefficient of the porcelain is much lower than that of the metal (αP much lower than αM), porcelain cracking or metal-ceramic bond failure can occur near the metal-porcelain interface. This incompatibility failure is likely caused by the development of radial tensile stresses that exceed the tensile strength of porcelain.
Contraction coefficient of the porcelain - αP
Contraction coefficient of the metal - αM
Phillip’s 12th edition page 423 | Dental | null |
bbd0ab20-0dce-48f8-ba8f-288d205feb3c | A 10 years old child has lytic lesions in upper femur, the differential diagnosis can be all except : | Plasmacytoma | Browns tumour | Metastasis | Histiocytosis | 0a
| multi | Plasmocytoma can be easily ruled out.
It is a localized form of multiple myeloma which usually occurs in 5th to 7th decade.
Metastasis, histiocytosis and brown tumor can cause lytic bone lesions in childhood. | Pediatrics | null |
d2398cd6-b205-4fb3-a4c4-9e575662b0bf | Which is not involved in iron metabolism? | Transthyretin | Ceruloplasmin | Hepcidin | Ferropoin | 0a
| single | Transferrin is used for transpoing iron throughout the body BUT Transthyretin (Option a) - transpos Thyroxine & Retinol binding protein. So, it is NOT involved in iron metabolism WITH RESPECT TO OTHER OPTIONS: (Option b) Ceruloplasmin is a Cu containing enzyme also having Ferroxidase activity. Ferroxidase conves Fe +2 to Fe +3 (i.e. Ferrous to ferric). Ferric form of iron is required for transpo by transferrin in plasma. (Option c) Hepcidin regulates iron transpo in circulation. (Option d) Ferritin & Haemosiderin are proteins for iron storage. Haemosiderin has higher iron content than Ferritin. | Biochemistry | AIIMS 2017 |
aa32b0f3-dd63-455c-8de0-9fd429edfd20 | A 14 year girl presented with absent thelarche.On examination uterus was present. Investigations showed high FSH. karyotype is XY.What is the probable diagnosis? | Gonadal dysgenesis | Kallman syndrome | Androgen insensitivity syndrome | Adrenal hyperplasia | 0a
| multi | Ans. A. Gonadal dysgenesisRef: Clinical Gynecologic Endocrinoktgt Infeility, 8" ed.Gonadal dysgenesis (Swyer Syndrome):Uncommon form of gonadal dysgenesis, characterized by a 46,XY karyotype. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
0449cf80-87b3-4345-8c80-f007398c4fab | Waldeyer's lymphatic chain is formed by all except | Palatine tonsils | Pharyngeal tonsils | Tubal and lingual tonsils | Post auricular nodes | 3d
| multi | null | Anatomy | null |
cfa28a58-dd1f-4852-b34f-d150a9fd9011 | Which of the following statement is false statement about snake-bites? | Anti-venom is not effective in humpnosed pit viper bite | Cobra venom is neurotoxic | Atropine premedication should be used before administering Neostigmine | Neostigmine has a role in krait bite. | 3d
| multi | Ans: D. Neostigmine has a role in krait bite.(Ref: Parikh 6/e p9.47: Harrison 19/e p2736; Snake Bite: Indian Guidelines and Protocol p 425)Role of neostigmine in snake-bite:An anticholinesterase.Paicularly effective in postsynaptic neurotoxins (cobra).Not useful against presynaptic neurotoxin (common krait & Russell's viper).Polyvalent Anti-snake venom - Ineffective against humpnosed pit viper (Hypnale). | Forensic Medicine | null |
18796d06-7762-4185-b0ca-c1b527502073 | Which of the following is not true about stamp cusp? | Maintain vertical height of face | Facial incline might contact in MI | Sharp cusps and prominent ridges are present | Not recalled | 2c
| multi | null | Dental | null |
c87fcef2-1b7d-44e2-85c0-618b956f675e | In DIC following are seen except | Fibrinogen decreased | Thrombocytopenia | Normal APTT | PT elevation | 2c
| multi | null | Medicine | null |
0c240f5f-b2d4-4229-8a70-5c2bd42f2144 | According to Transplantation of Human Organs Act, which of the following doctors is/are not authorized to declare brainstem death? | RMP incharge of the hospital | Treating physician | Neurosurgeon | Surgeon doing liver transplant | 3d
| single | Ans: D. Surgeon doing liver transplant(Ref: Transplantation of Human Organs and Tissue Rules)In the case of brain-stem death of the donor, a ceificate has been signed by all the members of the Board of medical expes; Where a neurologist or a neurosurgeon is not available, an anesthetist or intensivist nominated by the Registered Medical Practitioner and who is not member of the transplantation team for the recipient concerned, may ceify the brain stein death as a member of the Board.Because of vested interest, surgeon doing liver transplant cannot declare a person brain dead. | Forensic Medicine | null |
539291d5-becc-4ccc-8862-9d9ff4fcc121 | The clot formed is not stable unless extensive cross-linking occurs. This extensive cross-linking of blood clot is done by: | Plasmin | Thrombin | HMWK | Factor XIII | 3d
| single | Ans: D. Factor XIIIConversion of fibrinogen into cross-linked fibrin:Thrombin directly conves soluble fibrinogen into fibrin monomers.Fibrin monomers polymerize into an insoluble clot & also amplifies coagulation process - By activating factor XI, factors V & VIII.Also stabilizes secondary hemostatic plug - By activating factor XIII.Factor XIII - Covalently cross-links fibrin.Ref: Robbing 9/e 11 9 | Physiology | null |
7e567a6e-46f6-4f48-bd14-21e53726f1ff | Replacing amino acid will not change its functions | Glutamine to Asparagine | Aspaate and Glutamate | Alanine to tryptophan | None of these | 0a
| multi | Answer- A. Glutamine to Asparagine* Glutamine and Asparagine are Amide group containing amino acids.* These belongs to same category (hydrophilic /Homophilic) so no alteration in function | Biochemistry | null |
2dd59aba-38c0-4aff-a000-1bcb640254ff | Drug adveisement letter is a necessary component of each drug formulation and contains various information about the drug like drug dosing, frequency and half-life. Which of the following information need not be given in the drug adveisement letter? | Research papers and other aicles proving efficacy of the drug | Date of expiry of the drug | Rare, but serious life threatening adverse-effects | Common, not so serious adverse-effects | 1b
| single | Ans: B. Date of expiry of the drug(Ref Goodman Gilman 12/e p1883; Manual of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology/p 345).Date of drug expiry need not to be given in drug adveisement letter.Regulated according to The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.Amended (Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act of 1997).Permits use of print & television adveising for prescription drugs.Drug adveisements:Contain summary information relating to side effects, contraindications & effectiveness.Current adveising regulations:Specify that this information disclosure needs to include all risk information in a product's approved labeling or must direct consumers to healthcare professionals to obtain this information.Print adveisements:Include reprinting of risk-related sections of product's approved labeling (package inse).Television adveising:Not includes reprinting of risk-related.Note:Adveisements cannot be false or misleading or omit material facts.Must present fair balance between effectiveness & risk information. | Pharmacology | null |
58ffad4a-5613-4d26-88b2-a4bb2ce2b9e6 | Which of the following drugs can be stopped abruptly without any withdrawal symptoms? | Esctilaopram | Fluoxetine | Fluvoxamine | Seraline | 1b
| single | Answer- B. FluoxetineFluoxetine has the lowest incidence of discontinuation syndrome among several antidepressants including paroxetin and venlafaxine. The longer half life of fluoxetine will avoid any withdrawal symptoms because this medication effectively tapers itself from the patient's system over a few days. | Pharmacology | null |
9823097b-b309-4de3-9a14-d93ff757fd5f | Reflex which never disappear: | Walking and stepping reflex | Limb placement reflex | Parachute reflex | All of the above | 3d
| multi | null | Dental | null |
e28c04ac-2003-4fa1-8b5c-7f36776cfa8a | Which of the following is not the component of qSOFA? | Respiratory rate >22/min | Systolic BP<100 mmHg | Altered mental status | Unequally dilated pupils | 3d
| multi | qSOFA: Quick - SOFA Sequential 0rgan Failure Assessment Score. QRS - MS Score*Mn: Q- Quick SofaR- RR > 22/min - 1S- SBP < 100 mmHg -1MS= Altered Mental Status. - 1 Score Moality0 - < 1%1 - 2-3%2 - > 10% | Surgery | AIIMS 2019 |
2639d0ba-ef15-4ba4-92fe-ee27b5758fbf | Which of these conditions does not require SABE prophylaxis | MR | ASD | MS | CABG | 3d
| single | null | Surgery | null |
97028381-fe2a-4c81-9f67-b3125061d7ae | Which of these is not a theory of TMJ ankylosis? | Calcification in the soft tissues around the joint space | Synovial fluid attracting calcium ions | Lateral displacement of fracture condyle with fusion with zygomatic bone | Condylar burst | 1b
| single | null | Surgery | null |
6920ce2b-f9c9-49aa-9e6e-c94aeb13e709 | Endocrine glands that are not influenced by the pituitary gland include the: | Thyroid gland, testes, and adrenal medulla | Adrenal medulla, parathyroids, and the islets of langerhans | Adrenal cortex, parathyroids and ovaries | Pancreas, adrenal medulla and thyroid gland | 1b
| single | null | Physiology | null |
58194611-8ffd-4405-83b2-f8e5798b095d | All these are Included In active tissue engineering, except | Antigens fibroblasts | Bilayered cell therapy | Enamel matrix derivative | Acellular dermal matrix | 3d
| multi | null | Dental | null |
4df0486d-1aba-4df0-9a1f-fd86bb8acc9a | Which of the following structure is not present on floor of third ventricle? | Optic stalk | Third nerve | Infundibulum | Mammillary body | 1b
| single | Answer- B (Third nerve)The third nerve (Oculomotor) does not form the floor of the third ventricle although it lies in close relation to the floor.The anterior wall of the third ventricle is formed by Lamina terminalis, Anterior commissure, Anterior columns of the fornixThe posterior wall is formed by the Pineal body, Posterior commissure, Cerebral aqueduct.The roof is formed by Body of fornix and the ependyma lining the undersurface of the tela choroidea of the third ventricle.The floor of the third ventricle is formed by Optic chiasma, Tuber cinereum, Infundibulum, the Mammillary bodies, Posterior perforated substance, and Tegmentum of the midbrain. The lateral wall is formed by the Medial surface of the thalamus, Hypothalamus, and the Hypothalamic sulcus. | Anatomy | null |
c5b472d1-468e-437e-97fc-9b1c2411af53 | What we will define it "ratio of no. of death under 1 year of age to total live birth per 1000 live births per year"? | Infant mortality rate | Child mortality rate | Child morbidity rate | Life expectancy rate | 0a
| single | null | Dental | null |
b687604e-5145-4aa3-ba07-56c624e501ec | Which of the following defines the pressure in the vascular system in the absence of blood flow? (Asked twice) | Pulse pressure | Critical closing pressure | Mean circulatory filling pressure | Perfusion pressure | 2c
| single | Answer- C. Mean circulatory filling pressureMean Circulatory Filling pressure (MCFP) is equilibrium pressure that is reached throughout the cardiovascular system when cardiac output is stopped completely. MCFP can be measured by stopping blood flow (e.g., by stopping hea pumping by giving shock to hea with electricity) and allowing the pressure throughout the circulatory system to reach equilibrium. MCFP is equilibrium pressure everywhere in circulation. | Physiology | null |
8d0b854f-93fb-43ae-a1b9-d489ea68103b | A 2 month old girl has failure to thrive, polyuria and medullary nephrocalcinosis affecting both kidneys. Investigations show blood pH 7.48, bicarbonate 25 mEq/l, potassium 2 mEq/l, sodium 126 mEq/l and chloride 88 mEq/l. The most likely diagnosis is - | Distal renal tubular acidosis | Primary hyperaldosteronism | Bartter syndrome | Pseudohypoaldosteronism | 2c
| multi | Clinical features of the infant --> Polyuria, Growth retardation, Medullary Nephrocalcinosis Electrolyte abnormalities: -
Decreased potassium (Normal 3.5 — 5.0 meq/L) o Normal Bicarbonate (Normal 21-30 meq/L)
Decreased sodium (Normal 136 — 145 ineq/L) o Increased pH (Normal 7.38 — 7.44 meq/L)
Decreased Chloride (Normal 98 — 106 meq/L)
C/F and electrolyte abnormalities in Bartter's syndrome
a Hypokalemia o Polyurea and Nocturea (d/t hypokalemia)
Metabolic alkalosis ❑ Increased urinary chloride (cause Hypochloremia)
Normal to low blood pressure o Hypomagnesemia (seen in minority of patient)
Growth retardation o Hypercalciurea (causes nephrocalcinosis which is visible on ultrasound) Other options
Distal renal tubular acidosis - It can be easily ruled out as it causes acidosis not alkalosis
Primary hyperaldosteronism - In primary hyperaldosteronism, Sodium level is always increased and the B.F. is high.
Pseudo hypoaldosteronism - Aldosterone level is normal or increased but there are features of aldosterone deficiency such as decreased sodium and increased potassium. | Pediatrics | null |
e6478418-d6bb-47d3-b31c-a19b3a149a6c | All are features of Neonatal Tetanus except – | Refusal to feed is common initial symptom | Caused by clostridium tetani | Usually occurs in 1st 2 days of life | Mortality is 50–75%. | 2c
| multi | Neonatal Tetanus
It is caused by clostridium tetani
Clinical features
Symptoms of neonatal tetanus starts by 5-15 days after birth, never in the first 2 days of life and rarely after the age of 2 weeks. (ft is commonly k/a as 811! day disease)
Common initial symptoms are Excessive unexplained crying, Refusal of feeds, Apathy
Prognosis —> Mortality rate varies from 50-75%. | Pediatrics | null |
0ada062a-c400-4012-af5e-31144ba41401 | Scammon's growth curve. False is | Neural tissues-Most of the growth is completed by 6 years | Lymphoid tissues — growth reaches 200% by age 13 and regresses afterwards | Genital tissues — most of the growth is completed by the age of puberty | None of the above | 2c
| multi | null | Dental | null |
b0060b73-4e6b-4537-a556-c1fb94a65c4a | A 25-year-old lady presents with sudden severe bilateral loss of vision, more so on the right side, with no perception of light. Rest of the examination including pupillary reflexes, fundus and optokinetic nystagmus are normal. She was able to touch the tips of her fingers with her right eye closed but not with her left eye closed. The most like1 tgnosis is: | Optic neuritis | Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy | CMV retinitis | Functional vision loss | 3d
| single | Ans. d. Functional vision loss (Ref Kanski 6/e p 477, 790, 792-793)The most likely diagnosis in this young lady who presents with sudden severe bilateral loss of vision, more so on the right side, with no perception of light and normal examination findings including pupillary reflexes, fundus and optokinetic nystagmus, who is able to touch tips of her finger with right eye closed but not with left eye closed, is functional vision loss. | Ophthalmology | null |
a5d733b4-18d3-468c-8aaa-bbcb66cbb07e | Adverse effects of salbutamol are all except | Tremors | Tachycardia | Hypoglycemia | Hypokalemia | 2c
| multi | Salbutamol is a beta 2 agonist. Adverse effects of beta 2 agonists: Tremors Tachycardia Tolerance Hypokalemia (by enhancing potassium uptake into muscles) Hypoxia Hyperglycemia (by stimulating glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis) Note: Tolerance occurs to only long acting beta 2 agonists . | Pharmacology | AIIMS 2018 |
71166b66-1d91-490c-8bf2-ff1a44fc6ba5 | Which of the following is not true for incubation period? | For determining isolation period of a disease | To prevent infection among contacts | For quarantine of disease | To differentiate among secondary cases and co-primary cases | 0a
| multi | null | Dental | null |
e4749151-5d65-4cf3-b663-67e75d1da084 | A young male present with loose motions and intermittent abdominal pain over the past 1 year. Wet mount stool specimen showed the presence of multiple ova which are more than 100u in diameter. The causative organisms for the disease shall not include? | Fasciola gigantica | Gastrodiscoides hominis | Echinostoma ilocanum | Opisthorchis viverrini | 3d
| multi | null | Microbiology | null |
33a697bc-627a-4a24-b381-19c181fcdded | Method of choice for a New born child not passing urine for 36 hours : | Ultrasound of kidney & bladder | CT Scan | Cystoscopy | X–ray pelvis | 0a
| single | A history of Anuria suggests Acute Renal failure.
Ultrasonography is the ideal imaging tool in Renal failure because of its non dependence on Renal function.
As it allows visualization of :
Pelvicalyceal system ofAssessment of Renal Size o Structural anomalies and calculi .
Note - In this question DTPA scan has not been provided as an option. So, the best answer is USG. | Pediatrics | null |
cd3ee63d-d3f2-44ea-a18c-dbf9bf1c57cf | Bacteria free zone of dentinal caries is | a)Zone of decomposed dentin | Zone of bacterial invasion | Zone of decalcification | Zone of dentinal sclerosis | 3d
| single | null | Pathology | null |
5bc29ae1-a1a8-4c3b-a11e-e469be9f0640 | Which is not a type of Gracey curvettes? | # 1-2 | # 11-12 | # 13-14 | # 5-16 | 3d
| single | null | Dental | null |
16f26f56-f5ab-4542-910b-eca95b907278 | Estimation of the blood sugar is relevant in all except – | Birth asphyxia | Large for date baby | Baby of hypothyroid mother | Rh Incompatibility | 2c
| multi | ARDS (Birth asphyxia), Rh incompatibility (if causes erythroblastosis fetalis) and large for date baby of diabetic mother are prone for hypoglycemia. | Pediatrics | null |
3f6665ca-6b69-4345-88c2-72c2befd4d18 | Which of the following muscle is not supplied by the nerve marked in the diagram? | Superior oblique | Medial rectus | Inferior rectus | Inferior oblique | 0a
| single | The nerve marked in the diagram is oculomotor nerve. It supplies superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus and inferior oblique. Superior oblique is supplied by Trochlear nerve. | Ophthalmology | AIIMS 2019 |
d2ca31a3-800c-4bf7-b150-a3981acc7587 | Which of the following statements is false in relation to myofacial pain dysfunction syndrome? | Mainly affects young females | Is caused by muscle fatigue due to chronic oral habits as grinding and clenching | Treatment involves construction of occlusal guard and stress free emotional condition | The perioral musculature becomes hypotonic | 3d
| multi | null | Pathology | null |
aefae2fe-eb5f-411d-95a2-e7823c010a40 | Which of the following features is not seen in Crouzon syndrome? | Midface hypoplasia | Syndactyly | Beak shaped nose | Ocular hypertelorism | 1b
| single | Crouzon syndrome can have following appearances/conditions | Pathology | null |
e59188f6-856a-4300-a2fa-176a8a1b030a | A 55- year old diabetic patient presents with transient obscuration in vision for 2-3 days followed by sudden loss of vision. Which of the following would be the best test to evaluate the symptoms? | Serum ACE levels | Quantiferon-Gold TB test | Elevated homocysteine levels | Serum creatinine levels | 3d
| single | Answer- D. Serum creatinine levelsDM can lead to both retinopathy and nephropathy, Serum creatinine levels would be the best for kidney function and evaluation of patient symptoms. | Medicine | null |
92f20736-5ed3-4785-928d-5a4bdaf622a1 | A 38-years old patient who had a total abdominal hysterectomy presents 2 months postop complaining of leakage of urine from the vagina. On examination, no fistula can be identified. Dilute methylene blue (100mL) is injected into the bladder through a Foley catheter and a tampon is placed in the vagina. The patient is asked to walk for about 15 minutes, after which the patient is found to be wet, but there is no blue stain anywhere on the tampon. Which of the following is true:- | 100mL was probably not enough methylene blue, and the test should be repeated with a higher volume | The patient probably has stress incontinence not a fistula | The patient probably has a ureterovaginal fistula | The patient most likely has small apical vesicovaginal fistula that was too small to leak the dye in 15 minutes | 2c
| multi | Methylene blue Swab Test-- A catheter is introduced into the bladder through the urethra, The vaginal cavity is packed with three sterile swabs, 50-100 mL of dilute methylene blue dye is injected into the bladder through the catheter. If there is a VVF present, the methylene blue dye stains the uppermost swab.If the lowermost swab gets stained, the leak is from the urethra--> urethrovaginal fistula Swabs do not take up the stain, but get wet with urine, the leak is from the ureter-->ureterovaginal fistula | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | AIIMS 2018 |
c86f02db-18ea-4ef1-a03a-1bee6d661c7b | Which of the following is not an example of a syndrome caused by uniparental disomy? | Prader-Willi syndrome | Angelman syndrome | Russell-Silver syndrome | Bloom syndrome | 3d
| single | Answer- D. Bloom syndromeUniparental disomy is the term used when both chromosome of a pair of chromosome is a person with normal number of chromosome, have been inherited from only one parent (Normally one chromosome of a pair is inherited from only one parent).The two chromosomes inherited from the same parent maybe identical (Uniparental isodisomy) or different (Uniparental heterodisomy).In Uniparental isodisomy, both chromosomes in the pair are identical; consequently the genes on both chromosomes are also identical.Angelman syndrome, Prader-Willi syndrome and Russell-Silver syndrome are ossociated with uniparental disomy. | Pediatrics | null |
c1069842-8261-4a97-b1bb-5faeaacc6435 | Patient is a known case of epilepsy, taking levetiracetam 1 gm BD. He is now seizure free from 2 years but he developed agitation and anger issues interfering with day to day activities as a result of the drug intake. What should be the next best step? | Stop levetiracetam and sta on a different antiepileptic | Discontinue the drug as he is seizure free | Slowly taper the drug over next 6 months | Continue levetiracetam since a 5-year seizure free interval is needed | 2c
| multi | Answer- C. Slowly taper the drug over next 6 monthsStopping or switching an antiepileptic is based on seizure free period & compliance or adverse effects of the drug.Withdrawal of therapy should be gradual over 2-3 monlhs, in the question 6 months. Anti-epileptic drug therapy shouldnever he stopped abruptly. Even if new drug is to be added/replaced, the previous drug should be gradually stoppedotherwise it can lead to breakthrough seizures. | Pharmacology | null |
783aaf31-fd64-4f4e-aa67-93c00cb407ad | Which of the following is not associated with haemorrhage? | Ecchymosis | Petechiae | Melanosis | Purpura | 2c
| single | null | Pathology | null |
9c176b2e-017d-4b57-902a-3637bdf4dff8 | Which of the following is not an effect of efferent aeriole constriction : | Decreased GFR | Increased glomerular hydrostatic pressure | Decreased blood flow in peritubular vessels | Increased oncotic pressure in peritubular vessels | 0a
| single | Constriction of efferent aeriole has biphasic effect on GFR. At moderate levels of constriction, It increases glomerular hydrostatic pressure resulting in increasing GFR If efferent aeriolar constriction is severe; It decreases renal blood flow; filtration fraction & glomerular colloid osmotic pressure increases as efferent aeriolar resistance increases resulting in colloid osmotic pressure exceeds increase in glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure resulting in decrease in GFR. Blood from efferent aerioles enter peritubular capillaries, so if efferent aeriole is constricted, less blood enters peritubular capillaries, which results in increase in oncotic pressure in peri tubular capillaries. | Physiology | AIIMS 2017 |
a18a805c-102a-4493-9a14-9fef1f17862f | All are true about widal test except | Base lines differ depending on the endemicity of the disease | O antibodies last longer and hence is not indicative of recent infection | H antigen cannot differentiate between subtypes | High titre value in a single widal test is not confirmative | 1b
| multi | null | Microbiology | null |
2902efec-b01a-417c-94b9-406e94662f27 | According to the new RNTCP guidelines, the following is not a suspect of tuberculosis | Confirmed extra-pulmonary tuberculosis patient with cough of 2 weeks or more | HIV-positive patient with cough of any duration | Contacts of sputum positive tuberculosis patient with cough of any duration | Any individual having cough of duration 2 weeks or more | 0a
| single | Ans: A. Confirmed extra-pulmonary tuberculosis patient with cough of 2 weeks or more(Ref: Park 24/e p188-189, 23/e p178: 22/e p 168; htip://tbcindia.nic.in)A contact of confirmed extra-pulmonary tuberculosis patient - TB suspect.If persistent cough of any duration (2 weeks is not required).TB suspects:Pulmonary TB Suspect:Defined as:Any individual having cough of >2 weeks.Contacts of smear positive TB patients having cough of any duration.Suspected/confirmed extra-pulmonary TB patient having cough of any duration.HIV-positive patient having cough of any duration.MDR-TB Suspect:Any TB patient who fails an RNTCP Category failing I or III treatment regimen.Any RNTCP Category II patient with sputum smear positive at end of 4th month of treatment or later.Close contacts of MDR-TB patients with smear positive pulmonary TB. | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
535bf03d-8714-46a8-84a0-13bf499129f7 | Which of the following does not require 5'capping? | tRNA of alanine | mRNA for histone | U6 snRNA | siRNA | 0a
| single | Ans: A. tRNA of alanineSmall nuclear RNAs contain a unique 5'-caps. Sm-class snRNAs are found with 5'-trimethylguanosine caps, while Lsm-class snRNAs are found with S'-monomethyl phosphate caps.mRNAs do have a 7-methylguanylate cap, abbreted m7G.tRNAs and rRNAs don't require 5' capping. They have other modifications. | Biochemistry | null |
9a5e8865-e37c-41af-a902-1c10423dbdd4 | A 10 year old boy following a road traffic accident presents to the casualty with contaminated wound over the left leg. He has received his com- plete primary immunization before preschool age and received a booster of DT at school entry age. All of following can be done except : | Injection of TT | Injection of human antiserum | Broad spectrum antibiotics | Wound debridement and cleaning | 1b
| multi | null | Microbiology | null |
8b42e1df-196b-4d7a-bbd7-39fe76dee239 | A male child with Fanconi syndrome with nephrocalcinosis has a variant of dent disease. All are true except : | Hypercalciuria | Proteinuria | Similar presentation in father | Rickets | 2c
| multi | Dent's disease :
Dent's disease, a familial proximal tubular syndrome, is an X-linked recessive disorder of proximal tubules characterized by :
Hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis and nephrolithiasis.
Low-molecular-weight proteinuria.
Metabolic bone disease/Rickets.
Progressive renal failure.
Marked inale predominance.
In addition to above features, other renal proximal tubular defect can cause:
(i) Fanconi syndrome (Aminoaciduria, proteinuria, phosphaturia).
(i) Glycosuria, uricosuria and kalliuresis.
(iii) Impaired urinary acidification.
Dent's disease occurs due to mutations that inactivate a voltage-gated chloride transporter, CLC-.5. In some cases, it is associated with mutations in the OCRL-1 gene that is also mutated in the oculocerebral syndrome of Lowe. Coming back to question.
Dent's disease is an X-linked renal tubular disorder.
X-linked disease cannot be transmitted from male to male i.e., from father to son. | Pediatrics | null |
46f87e87-5b3e-465d-ae94-bd65b5f333c2 | Which of the following is not involved in blood clotting? | Calcium | Prothrombin | Fibrinogen | Fe+2 | 3d
| single | null | Physiology | null |
e62b12e5-0a92-44d3-95b0-33bbf59bd891 | DNA Methylation is not related with? | Mismatch repair | DNA Replication | Gene silencing | Capping | 3d
| single | Capping of mRNA in eukaryotes: 7-Methyl Guanosine cap is added at the 5' end of mRNA by enzyme Guanylyl Transferase. So, this is RNA methylation, not DNA. DNA methylation Epigenetic mechanism Transfer of methyl group to C5 position of cytosine to form 5-methyl cytosine. DNA replication Dnmt (DNA methyl transferases) during DNA replication to copy DNA methylation pattern from parental strand to daughter strand Mismatch repair -Identify parent strand with help of CH3 | Biochemistry | AIIMS 2020 |
8a8401da-6bcd-46d5-bf27-72371291311e | Which of the following is not transmitted by lice | Q fever | Trench fever | Relapsing fever | Epidemic typhus | 0a
| single | null | Dental | null |
c70d078e-2a95-4779-b8d5-6050a5b58394 | Minimum concentration of oxygen needed in NO analgesia | 10% | 20% | 30% | 40% | 2c
| single | null | Pharmacology | null |
991ff4a7-4adc-4136-854d-b6c007d5d1be | Winged rubber dam retainer in endodontics advantages are all except | Radiographs are good showing full length of canals | Stability | Provide extra bucco-lingual retraction | Dam, clamp and frame placed in one operation | 0a
| multi | null | Dental | null |
206f23c8-9973-48b9-9f26-2601d4d61e25 | Main cause of RPD failure is: | Improper clasp design | Insufficient contact of teeth | Insufficient contact of teeth and improper clasp design | None of the above | 2c
| multi | null | Dental | null |
93d8bac0-76ae-4440-91c0-fa3b724bbc65 | Which of the following will not decrease mother to child transmission of HIV? | Avoid breastfeeding | Vaginal delivery | Zidovudine given to mother antenataly and to neonate after bih | Vitamin A supplementation given to mother | 1b
| single | Answer- B (Vaginal delievery)Vaginal delivery increases risk of mother to childhood transmission of HIV.'HIV can be transmitted through breast milk, avoiding breast feeding decreases the mother to child transmission of HIV.' | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
4c0b406e-5d78-4f1d-99ca-c51f8d240e4f | A 38 years old female presented to the emergency with extensive burns. The patient had grade 3 burns on the face, back, upper arms and forearms along with singeing of hairs. Which of the following is not a proof of inhalation burns? | Yellow colored sputum | Blackish soot deposit on posterior pa of tongue | Hoarseness & stridor of voice | Singeing of eyebrows and facial hair | 0a
| single | Ans: A. Yellow colored sputum(Ref Reddy 33/e p325-326: Parikh 6/e p4. /60)Yellow sputum/ phlegm = Mostly a sign of bacterial infection.In burns takes time to develop.Grade 3 burns:Sputum with carbonaceous colored.Singeing of facial hair, burns on face, soot marks & singed eyebrows or facial hair - Indicative of acute burns inhalational injury.Features of inhalation injury:Characteristic:History of fire in an enclosed space.Burns of face.Singed nasal & facial hair.Inflamed pharyngeal mucosa.Carbonaceous sputum.Evidence of edematous glottis (e.g., hoarseness). | Forensic Medicine | null |
e0952660-983f-4990-a8c6-d6b6bc19aca3 | Which of the following groups of fibres are not attached to alveolar bone? | Transseptal | Horizontal | Oblique | Apical | 0a
| single | null | Dental | null |
74d6497b-16bd-44f8-bba0-a9a139482e77 | Wave patterns of EEF, ECG and EMG are depicted below. The B pattern belongs to (Figure was not provided in the exam): | NREM sleep | REM sleep | Wakefulness | Quiet wakefulness | 2c
| single | Answer- C. WakefulnessBeta (B) Wave- Parietal and frontal region. Patients awake, at rest with eyes open. | Physiology | null |
18d1c316-555c-4528-a9c4-e8ce1a613179 | 18 year old female presents with an ovarian mass, her serum bio marker are found to be normal except for LDH, which is found to be elevated. The most likely diagnosis is: | Dysgerminoma | Endodermal sinus tumor | Malignant terratoma | Mucinous cystadeno carcinoma | 0a
| multi | NOTE :- * Young girls with - Germ cell tumor Ovarian mass * Old women with - Epithelial serous tumor Ovarian mass Biomarkers Dysgerminoma | LDH, | placental alkaline Po4 Endodermal sinus tumor a feto protein and antitrypsin | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | AIIMS 2017 |
3b38f235-0a3f-4781-ae19-a7858523b39f | Tuberculous otitis media is characterized by all except - | Multiple perforations | Pale granulations | Pain | Thin odourless fluid | 2c
| multi | Tubercular Otitis Media
Important points:
––Seen mainly in children and young adult Q
––It is secondary to pulmonary tuberculosis. Q
––Route of spread - Mainly through eustachian tube (not blood borne). Q
Symptoms:
1. Patients often present with chronic painless otorrhoea (usually foul smelling) which is resistant to antibiotic treatment Q
3. Severe conductive type hearing loss Q. (sometimes due to involvement of labyrinth may be SNHL)
4. Facial nerve palsy may be the presenting symptom in childrenQ
5. Cough; fever and night sweats may be present in patients with tuberculous infection in other organ system.
O/E
–– Multiple perforationsQ in tympanic membrane (This feature was once considered characteristic of TB but now is seldom seen).
–– Middle ear and mastoid are filled with pale granulation tissueQ (It is a characteristic of tuberculous otitis media)
Complications: (Early onset of these symptoms is seen)
––Mastoiditis
––Osteomyelitis
––Postauricular fistula
––Facial nerve palsy | ENT | null |
4fbc569b-3b88-490f-b1b9-0af7c459eee0 | Which of following is not a tumor suppressor gene? | pRb | FHIT | PTCH | c-erbB1 | 3d
| single | null | Pathology | null |
f6bb3faa-6ccb-4838-a2d9-1ae2f2d63e7d | Which type of oral candidiasis does not presents with white patch? | Chronic atrophic candidiasis | Chronic hyperplastic candidiasis | Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis | Pseudomembranous candidiasis | 0a
| single | Ans: A. Chronic atrophic candidiasisChronic erythematous (atrophic) candidiasis appears as a red, raw-looking lesion instead of a white patch seen in all other types.Erythematous (atrophic) candidiasis:Appears as a red, raw-looking lesion.Subtypes of erythematous candidiasis:Denture-related stomatitis, angular stomatitis, median rhomboid glossitis & antibiotic-induced stomatitis.Since they are commonly erythematous/atrophic.Precede pseudomembrane formation,.Left when membrane is removed, or arise de novo.Tongue:Loss of lingual papillae, leaving a smooth area on tongue.Occurs on dorsum of tongue in long-term coicosteroids or antibiotic patient.But occasionally it can occur after only a few days of using a topical antibiotic.This is usually termed 'antibiotic sore mouth/stomatitis' because it is commonly painful as well as red. | Skin | null |
fa5def89-71cb-4aba-9c23-af07401b10b0 | Which of the following statements is false about apoptosis? | No inflammation | Intact plasma membrane | Swelling of organelles | Affected by dedicated genes | 2c
| multi | Apoptosis is genetically regulated, hence apoptosis is sometimes referred to as programmed cell death. Plasma membrane remains intact in apoptosis hence there is no leakage of enzymes and inflammation. Apoptosis cause activation of caspase and proteases which cause cells to shrink. Hence organelle swelling is not a feature of apoptosis. Characteristic feature of apoptosis microscopically is chromatin condensation. | Pathology | AIIMS 2018 |
04adb80a-e020-4328-a871-e403f6d5861f | Which of the following appliances is not used for slow maxillary expansion? | Jack screw | Coffin spring | Quad helix appliance | Hyrax appliance | 3d
| single | Hyrax appliance
This type of expander uses the Hyrax (hygienic rapid expansion) screw. It has heavy wires that are adapted, welded and soldered to the palatal aspects of the bands in the permanent molars. It is used for Rapid palatal expansion.
Examples of slow expansion:
Jack screw
Coffin spring
Quad helix appliance
Textbook of ORTHODONTICS Sridhar Premkumar | Dental | null |
e1dcedf1-efe7-42a8-91db-9add25a08681 | All are diseases of skin except | Erythema multiforme | Keratosis folticularis | Erythema migrans | Psoriasis form lesion | 2c
| multi | Option 'C' erythema migrans is other name of ectopic geographic tongue / annulus migrans in which lesions are not always restricted to the tongue, and similar irregular or circinate lesions occurring elsewhere in the oral cavity. | Pathology | null |
d8b70d4b-8a90-4739-b18a-33c1d42b9708 | A screening test is used in same way in two similar populations, but the proportion of false positive results among those who test positive in population A is lower than among those who test positive in population B. What is the likely explanation for this finding? | The prevalence of disease is higher in population A | The prevalence of disease is lower in population A | The specificity of the test is lower in population A | The specificity of the test is higher in population A | 0a
| multi | Total population having the disease : ‘a + c’ (TP + FN)
Total population not having the disease : ‘b + d’ (FP + TN)
Total population: a + b + c + d = TP + FP + FN + TN
PPV depends on sensitivity, specificity and prevalence of disease in the population.
Now in this question, a screening test is used in same way in two similar populations; thereby the screening test will have similar sensitivity and specificity in both populations.
PPV = a/ (a + (b) X 100, thus b (False Positive rate) is inversely proportional to PPV; and PPV is directly proportional to Prevalence of disease in a population.
So, False Positive rate (FP rate) is inversely proportional to the prevalence of disease in the population.
Therefore, if the same screening test is having lower FP rate in population A (as compared to a similar population B), then this could be explained by higher prevalence of disease in population A
Also, | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
7d79778c-de93-4463-b0d4-13ae234adaa8 | Denture cleaning tablets include all, EXCEPT | Hydrogen peroxide | Alkaline material | Sodium perborate | Detergent | 0a
| multi | null | Dental | null |
4032c899-2223-435f-a007-c513fd59a065 | A child has bilirubin of 4 mg. Conjugated bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase are normal, bile salts and bile in urine are absent. However urobilinogen in urine is raised. What is the likely diagnosis – | Obstructive jaundice | Rotor's syndrome | Biliary cholestasis | Hemolytic jaundice | 3d
| single | Important clues provided in question are -
Increased total bilirubin
I So, T unconjugated bilirubin
Normal conjugated bilirubin
Amongst the given options, only hemolytic jaundice causes increased unconjugated bilirubin.
Remaining three cause conjugated hyperbilirubinemia. | Pediatrics | null |
2ab8b27b-1646-4886-8378-f2f11f84a79e | Which acid does not show coagulation necrosis on contact? | HC1 | H,SO4 | HF | HNO3 | 2c
| single | Ans: C. HF(Ref Reddy 34/e p493, 33/e p530; Principles of Clinical Toxicology 3/e p220; Forensic Pathology 3/ep241, 110).HF does not show coagulation necrosis on contact.Hydrofluoric acid causes liquefaction necrosis. | Forensic Medicine | null |
b0ed6bc7-e3ee-4e1b-abf2-b0fecb47c96c | In a blood sample antiserum A and antiserum B and Rh +ve factor is added. No agglutination is seen. This is: | O group and Rh+ve | O group and Rh-ve | AB group and Rh+ve | AB group and Rh-ve | 1b
| single | null | Physiology | null |
86155521-ea6f-485e-b258-14c51d44578e | A 19-year-old woman presented with primary amenorrhea, sho stature, webbed neck and widely spaced nipples. Examination showed weak pulses in lower extremity and streak ovaries, raised FSH, no oocyte in histology of ovary. Karyotype most likely to be present:KCET 12; JIPMER 12; AIIMS 13; PGI 13 | 45XO | 47XXY | 46XY | 46XX | 0a
| single | Ans. 45XOTurner's syndrome is a genetic disease with a karyotype of 45, X or 46, XX/45, X (mosaicism) or other structural abnormalities of X chromosomes.With conventional chromosomal studies, about 50% of Turner syndrome patients show a 45,X pattern.* Mosaicism of 45,X with other cell lines such as 46,XX, 46,XY, or 47,XXX are common.* Structural abnormalities of an X chromosome (deletions, rings, or translocations), either isolated or mosaic with a 45,X or 46,XX cell line, are also seen.* With modern cytogenetic techniques, mosaicism is increasingly being detected.* The sho stature in Turner syndrome appears to be caused by the absence of one copy of the SHOX gene, which is located on the sho arm of the X chromosome. | Forensic Medicine | null |
c68dea51-2e4e-4276-89b2-30b2337be400 | When a dentist says that " I cannot fix your teeth if you do not open your mouth wide:" He is employing: | Problem ownership. | Voice control | Tolerance. | Flexibility. | 0a
| single | Problem ownership:
Negative messages like 'You must sit still'; undermine the rapport between child and dentist. "You" messages carry the implication that the child is wrong.
Instead "I" messages increase the flow of information. Eg: I cannot fix your teeth if you do not open your mouth wide. This is called problem ownership. | Dental | null |
78b95ab4-b15f-4942-b618-8b36e946a5d0 | A 55-year-old male presents with severe backache for 10 days and urinary incontinence with a H/o Interveebral lumbar disc prolapse. There is no H/o fever or weight loss. What is the likely diagnosis? | Potts spine | Multiple myeloma | Cauda equine syndrome | Bone metastasis | 2c
| single | Ans: C: Cauda equine syndromeRef: Apley!c system of ohopaedics and fracture 9" ed., pg. 246,480Cauda equina is tuft of fibres which begins at the end of spinal cord.Compression over this pa may cause cauda equina syndrome.Causes of Cauda equina syndrome are:Lumbar disc herniation, Spinal canal stenosis, Trauma, Abscess etc. | Surgery | null |
62b9add2-a5e9-451f-92c2-2eee629ee143 | A 4 year old child sustained a fracture in central incisor one month ago. On examination, a necrotic pulp was seen with no other pathological findings. The treatment of choice is: | Watchful observation | Extraction followed by space maintainer | Pulpectomy and root canal filling with gutta percha | Endodontic treatment and root canal filling with ZOE | 3d
| single | A 4 year old child sustained a fracture in central incisor one month ago. On examination, a necrotic pulp was seen with no other pathological findings. The treatment of choice is endodontic treatment and root canal filling with ZOE. | Dental | null |
f23569ea-da84-4e74-aa14-69c64f04424d | Which is not true about vibrio cholera | It is non-halophilic | Grows on simple media | Man is the only natural host | Cannot survive in extracellular environment | 3d
| multi | null | Microbiology | null |
ee3171ee-b65b-477b-9a73-ea8316b648aa | All of the following are features of systemic Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis except – | Uveitis | Rash | Fever | Hepatosplenomegaly | 0a
| multi | The eye manifestation are seen in Pauciarticular and Polyarticular JRA but not in systemic JRA.
Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis can be divided in 3 major clinical types | Pediatrics | null |
a1bea2c7-217e-4240-a208-541618437eec | Beta 3 glucan assay testing not done for | Invasive candidiasis | Aspergillosis | Pneumocystis carnii | Mucormycosis | 3d
| single | Beta 3 glucan assay is used to detect the presence of beta 3 glucan in the fungal cell wall. It is used for Invasive candidiasis, Aspergillosis, Pneumocystis cranii but not for Mucormycosis. | Microbiology | AIIMS 2019 |
870f28d5-6352-429f-a3c0-a881671f6d37 | Which of the following is not ture about increased intracraniaL pressure | Headache | Nausea / vomiting | Muscle twitching | Somnolence | 2c
| single | null | Surgery | null |
10b14133-7f8a-43dd-ab66-b0cfd0c784c2 | In which stage of neurocysticercosis, there is no edema? | Vesicular | Vesicular colloidal | Granular nodular | Nodular calcified | 3d
| single | Ans. d. Nodular calcified (Ref Robbins 9/e1)395, SA, 1)392-393)Surrounding edema is seen in the colloidal vesicular and granular nodular stages.StageCyst wallScolexCommentVesicularNon-enhancingWall defined membraneOnly one ble scolexEccentric hyperdense hole-with-dot" appearanceSuggestive of ble larvaColloidalRing Enhancing with perilesional edemaDegenerating scolexFluid becomes more turbidEarliest stage in the cyst involution - larval degenerationGranularFocal nodular enhancing necrotic lesions with perilesional edemaDegenerating scolexEosinophilic structure Bladder and scolex are in various stages of disintegationCalcifiedSmall hyperdense nodules without perilesional edema | Pathology | null |
f3f3ad74-951f-4907-913d-f5c6c6c2dd2a | Which of the following is not a pa of the quadruple test for antenatal detection of Down syndrome? | AFP | Estriol | Beta HCG | Inhibin B | 3d
| single | TRIPLE TEST b Hcg || a feto protein || Estriol || QUADRAPLE TEST BHcg || A feto protein || Estriol || Inhibin A || | Pathology | AIIMS 2018 |
eddd8435-1826-40ba-97d9-83a73e23a5f3 | The drug not belonging to amide group | Procaine | Xylocaine | Lignocaine | Bupivacaine | 0a
| single | null | Pharmacology | null |
90b7e4be-4395-4305-9f19-8499bc1bff4a | A 20 years old boy presented with persistent cervical lymphadenopathy for the past 1 year. Histopathology of lymph node shows Reed-Sternberg cells with focal nodularity and background of T reactive lymphocytes. The cells were positive for CD20, LCA, EMA and negative for CD15 and CD30 and EBV negative. Diagnosis is: | Nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin's lymphoma | Lymphocyte rich Hodgkin's lymphoma | Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma | Small cell lymphoma | 0a
| multi | Answer- A. Nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin's lymphomaThis tumor contains so-called L&H (lymphocytic and histiocytic) variants, which have a multilobed nucleus resembling a popcorn kernel ("popcorn cell"). Eosinophils and plasma cells are usually scant or absent. In contrast to the Reed-Sternberg cells found in classical forms of HL, L&E variants express B-cell markers typical of germinal-cenler B cells, sach as CD20 and BCL6, and are usually negative for CD15 and CD30.Histological diagnosis is established by presence of Reed-Sterntrerg cells along with background of mixed inflammation consisting of neutrophils, plasma cells, eosinophils & histiocytes.Reed-Sternberg cells are large and are either multinucleated or have a bilobed nucleus (thus resembling an "owl's eye" appearance) with prominent eosinophilic inclusion-like nucleoli.Reed-Sternberg cells are CD30 & CD15 positive, usually negative for CD20 & CD45.Nodular sclerosisMC subtype; usually stage I or ll disease frequent mediastinal involvementMore common in females, most patients young adults | Pathology | null |
18c1a5f9-d998-414e-bb9c-991191c10710 | A patient with a history of diabetes for one year with no other complications should have an ophthalmic examination? | As early as feasible | After 5 years | After 10 years | Only after visual symptoms level | 0a
| single | Answer- A i.e. As early as feasibleAll diabetic (IDDM & NIDDM both) aged over 12 years and/or entering pubey should be screened (visual activity measurement and fundus examination by ophthalmoscopy)For retinopathy. and those with risk for visual loss referred to an ophthalmologist.Type I DM (IDDM) require ophthalmoscopic examination within 3 years of diagnosis and annual review. (If lt is diagnosed before the age of pubey).Type II DM (NIDDM) require ophthalmoscopic examination at the time of diagnosis (because it is usually diagnosed after the age of 12 years) and annual review. | Ophthalmology | null |
849108f1-8775-44ab-982d-c8907f399efc | A 16-year old girl was brought with primary amenorrhea. Her mother mentioned that she staed developing breast at the age of 12. She was prescribed OCPs 2 years back by a doctor with no effect. She was having normal stature and was a football player. On examination, breasts were well developed (Tanner's stage 5) and pubic hair was minimal (Tanner's stage 1). What is the most probable diagnosis? | Premature ovarian failure | Turner's syndrome | Miillerian agenesis | Androgen insensitivity | 3d
| multi | Ans: D. Androgen insensitivity(Ref: Shawl 16/e p141, 15/e p111-112; Novaks 14/1037-1038; Dutta Gvnae 6/e p424)Most likely diagnosis here is androgen insensitivity syndrome.Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome:Also referred as "Testicular feminization".An X-linked recessive condition.Results in failure of normal masculinization of external genitalia in chromosomally male individuals.Testes produce normal amounts of mullerian-inhibiting factor (MIF), also known as mullerian-inhibiting substance (MIS) or anti-mullerian hormone/factor (AMH/AMF),Features:Absence of fallopian tubes, a uterus, or proximal (upper) vagina.Identified in newborn period - By presence of inguinal masses & later identified as testes during surgery.Sometimes diagnosed in teenage years during primary amenorrhea evaluation.Absence of pubic & axillary hair in adolescent patients.Scanty body hair & lack of acne.Yet normal breast - Due to testosterone to estradiol conversion. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
a9eb877d-bc11-4923-88b2-97193a8d52eb | Absence of which of the given milestones in a 3 year old child should be called delayed development? | Hopping on one leg | Drawing square | Feeding by spoon | Catching a ball reliably | 2c
| multi | 18 Months Walks up/down stairs with help Throws a ball overhand Jumps in place Builds 3-4 blocks tower Turns 2-3 book pages Scribbles Uses cup and spoon 10+ word vocabulary Identifies common objects Has temper tantrums Understands ownership ("mine") Imitates others 3-4 years old Movements milestones Hops and stands on one foot up to five seconds Goes upstairs and downstairs without suppo Kicks ball forward Throws b all overhand Catches bounced ball most of the time Moves forward and backward with agility Milestones in hand and finger skills Copies square shapes Draws a person with two to four body pas Uses scissors Draws circles and squares Begins to copy some capital letters | Pediatrics | AIIMS 2017 |
27a7c775-991f-4c8d-8ba3-3783c3bf92db | All of the following drugs require dose reduction in renal failure except? | Amphotericin B | Vancomycin | Gentamicin | Doxycycline | 3d
| multi | Those drugs which are secreted in bile do not require dose reduction in renal disease. Doxycycline is secreted in bile, so it is safe in renal failure Drugs (commonly asked) safe in renal diseases include: Safe (Cef): Cefoperazone, Ceftriaxone In The: Tigecycline R: Rifampicin E: Erythromycin N: Nafcillin A: Ampicillin L: Lincosamides (Clindamycin) Disease: Doxycycline | Pharmacology | AIIMS 2018 |
28b7a6ea-c657-4da7-81dc-88457a064655 | Which of the following is not used in osteoporosis? | Milnacipran | PTH | Strontium ranelate | Denosumab | 0a
| single | Ans: A. Milnacipran(Ref. Goodman Gilman 12/e p1299; Katzung 13/e p761-762, 12/e p775; Harrison 19/e p2493, 18/c' p3120; Apley 9/e p /3 I-133)Milnacipran:Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI).Approved for treatment of pain in fibromyalgia, not in osteoporosis.Drugs useful in OsteoporosisInhibit Bone ResorptionStimulates Bone Both actionBisphosphonates: Alendronate, risedronate & etidronateCalcium receptor agonist: CinacalcetCalcitoninSERMs: Tamoxifen, raloxifeneGallium nitrateRANKL inhibitors: DonesumabTeriparatideCalciumCalcitriolFluorideStrontium ranelate | Pharmacology | null |
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