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[
"Ulster Unionist MP for South Antrim"
] | Which position did Knox Cunningham hold from May 1955 to Apr 1956? | /wiki/Knox_Cunningham#P39#0 | Knox Cunningham Sir Samuel Knox Cunningham , 1st Baronet , QC ( 3 April 1909 – 29 July 1976 ) , was a Northern Irish barrister , businessman and politician . As an Ulster Unionist politician at a time when the Unionists were part of the Conservative Party , he was also a significant figure in United Kingdom politics as Parliamentary Private Secretary to Harold Macmillan . His nephew was Sir Josias Cunningham . Early career . Cunningham was from an Ulster family . His father was Samuel Cunningham , and his mother was Janet Muir Knox ( nee McCosh ) of Dalry , Ayrshire . His elder brothers were Colonel James Glencairn Cunningham , Josias Cunningham stockbroker , Dunlop McCosh Cunningham owner of Murrays tobacco works , Belfast . He was sent to the Royal Belfast Academical Institution , and then to Fettes College in Edinburgh . He then won a place at Clare College , Cambridge - where he was heavy-weight boxing champion . The Cunningham family still remain prominent landowners around the Parkgate area of South Antrim with relatives including great nephews Joe , Richard and Garret still residing on the family estate . The family had considerable business interests in land , Tobacco , commerce and finance . From 1931 Cunningham went into business in Northern Ireland . He married Dorothy Enid Riley JP on 2 July 1935 . Later in the 1930s , Cunningham studied law and was called to the Bar by the Middle Temple in 1939 . During the Second World War he served in the Scots Guards although he continued his legal studies , and called to the Bar in Northern Ireland in 1942 . He fought the Belfast West by-election in 1943 and the same seat in the 1945 general election . After the war Cunningham mainly lived in Orpington , although he retained membership of the Ulster Unionist Council . His religious faith led him to be involved with the World Alliance of YMCAs from 1947 , and he was Chairman of the National Council of the YMCA in 1949 . In 1954 he was elected to Orpington Urban District Council . Later he maintained a home , the Derhams House , near Minchinhampton . Parliament . In the 1955 general election , Cunningham was chosen as the new Ulster Unionist MP for South Antrim . He was a delegate to the Council of Europe and Western European Union Parliamentary Assembly from 1956 to 1959 . He also served as Parliamentary Private Secretary to Jocelyn Simon , Financial Secretary to the Treasury , from 1958 . In 1959 he was made a Queens Counsel . After the 1959 general election , Cunningham was picked by Prime Minister Harold Macmillan as his Parliamentary Private Secretary , responsible for the Prime Ministers relations with backbench Conservative MPs . He was also a member of the National Executive of the Conservative and Unionist Party . When Macmillan resigned , he awarded Cunningham a baronetcy in his resignation honours . Post-Parliamentary career . Cunningham remained on the backbenches , known as one to the right of Ulster Unionism and a friend of Ian Paisley , through the rest of the 1960s , he frequently clashed with Harold Wilson during this period , but decided to retire at the 1970 general election . He was Master of the Drapers Company in 1973–74 . He was Provincial Grand Master of the Masonic Order in Gloucestershire from 1970-76 . He was a member of the Apprentice Boys Club in Derry and attended the 275th Anniversary of the shutting of the gates . Throughout his life he represented the old landed interests of Ulster and remained personally wealthy through family inheritance . He died suddenly at Derhams House , Minchinhampton on 29 July 1976 at the age of sixty-seven . Military intelligence , the RUC and victims named Cunningham as a paedophile and identified his close links to the sex offender ring at Kincora Boys Home but MI5 deny this . Sources . - M . Stenton and S . Lees , Whos Who of British MPs , vol . IV ( Harvester Press , 1981 ) . | easy |
[
"delegate to the Council of Europe and Western European Union Parliamentary Assembly"
] | Which position did Knox Cunningham hold from Apr 1956 to Oct 1956? | /wiki/Knox_Cunningham#P39#1 | Knox Cunningham Sir Samuel Knox Cunningham , 1st Baronet , QC ( 3 April 1909 – 29 July 1976 ) , was a Northern Irish barrister , businessman and politician . As an Ulster Unionist politician at a time when the Unionists were part of the Conservative Party , he was also a significant figure in United Kingdom politics as Parliamentary Private Secretary to Harold Macmillan . His nephew was Sir Josias Cunningham . Early career . Cunningham was from an Ulster family . His father was Samuel Cunningham , and his mother was Janet Muir Knox ( nee McCosh ) of Dalry , Ayrshire . His elder brothers were Colonel James Glencairn Cunningham , Josias Cunningham stockbroker , Dunlop McCosh Cunningham owner of Murrays tobacco works , Belfast . He was sent to the Royal Belfast Academical Institution , and then to Fettes College in Edinburgh . He then won a place at Clare College , Cambridge - where he was heavy-weight boxing champion . The Cunningham family still remain prominent landowners around the Parkgate area of South Antrim with relatives including great nephews Joe , Richard and Garret still residing on the family estate . The family had considerable business interests in land , Tobacco , commerce and finance . From 1931 Cunningham went into business in Northern Ireland . He married Dorothy Enid Riley JP on 2 July 1935 . Later in the 1930s , Cunningham studied law and was called to the Bar by the Middle Temple in 1939 . During the Second World War he served in the Scots Guards although he continued his legal studies , and called to the Bar in Northern Ireland in 1942 . He fought the Belfast West by-election in 1943 and the same seat in the 1945 general election . After the war Cunningham mainly lived in Orpington , although he retained membership of the Ulster Unionist Council . His religious faith led him to be involved with the World Alliance of YMCAs from 1947 , and he was Chairman of the National Council of the YMCA in 1949 . In 1954 he was elected to Orpington Urban District Council . Later he maintained a home , the Derhams House , near Minchinhampton . Parliament . In the 1955 general election , Cunningham was chosen as the new Ulster Unionist MP for South Antrim . He was a delegate to the Council of Europe and Western European Union Parliamentary Assembly from 1956 to 1959 . He also served as Parliamentary Private Secretary to Jocelyn Simon , Financial Secretary to the Treasury , from 1958 . In 1959 he was made a Queens Counsel . After the 1959 general election , Cunningham was picked by Prime Minister Harold Macmillan as his Parliamentary Private Secretary , responsible for the Prime Ministers relations with backbench Conservative MPs . He was also a member of the National Executive of the Conservative and Unionist Party . When Macmillan resigned , he awarded Cunningham a baronetcy in his resignation honours . Post-Parliamentary career . Cunningham remained on the backbenches , known as one to the right of Ulster Unionism and a friend of Ian Paisley , through the rest of the 1960s , he frequently clashed with Harold Wilson during this period , but decided to retire at the 1970 general election . He was Master of the Drapers Company in 1973–74 . He was Provincial Grand Master of the Masonic Order in Gloucestershire from 1970-76 . He was a member of the Apprentice Boys Club in Derry and attended the 275th Anniversary of the shutting of the gates . Throughout his life he represented the old landed interests of Ulster and remained personally wealthy through family inheritance . He died suddenly at Derhams House , Minchinhampton on 29 July 1976 at the age of sixty-seven . Military intelligence , the RUC and victims named Cunningham as a paedophile and identified his close links to the sex offender ring at Kincora Boys Home but MI5 deny this . Sources . - M . Stenton and S . Lees , Whos Who of British MPs , vol . IV ( Harvester Press , 1981 ) . | easy |
[
"delegate to the Council of Europe and Western European Union Parliamentary Assembly",
"Parliamentary Private Secretary to Jocelyn Simon"
] | Which position did Knox Cunningham hold from Apr 1957 to Apr 1959? | /wiki/Knox_Cunningham#P39#2 | Knox Cunningham Sir Samuel Knox Cunningham , 1st Baronet , QC ( 3 April 1909 – 29 July 1976 ) , was a Northern Irish barrister , businessman and politician . As an Ulster Unionist politician at a time when the Unionists were part of the Conservative Party , he was also a significant figure in United Kingdom politics as Parliamentary Private Secretary to Harold Macmillan . His nephew was Sir Josias Cunningham . Early career . Cunningham was from an Ulster family . His father was Samuel Cunningham , and his mother was Janet Muir Knox ( nee McCosh ) of Dalry , Ayrshire . His elder brothers were Colonel James Glencairn Cunningham , Josias Cunningham stockbroker , Dunlop McCosh Cunningham owner of Murrays tobacco works , Belfast . He was sent to the Royal Belfast Academical Institution , and then to Fettes College in Edinburgh . He then won a place at Clare College , Cambridge - where he was heavy-weight boxing champion . The Cunningham family still remain prominent landowners around the Parkgate area of South Antrim with relatives including great nephews Joe , Richard and Garret still residing on the family estate . The family had considerable business interests in land , Tobacco , commerce and finance . From 1931 Cunningham went into business in Northern Ireland . He married Dorothy Enid Riley JP on 2 July 1935 . Later in the 1930s , Cunningham studied law and was called to the Bar by the Middle Temple in 1939 . During the Second World War he served in the Scots Guards although he continued his legal studies , and called to the Bar in Northern Ireland in 1942 . He fought the Belfast West by-election in 1943 and the same seat in the 1945 general election . After the war Cunningham mainly lived in Orpington , although he retained membership of the Ulster Unionist Council . His religious faith led him to be involved with the World Alliance of YMCAs from 1947 , and he was Chairman of the National Council of the YMCA in 1949 . In 1954 he was elected to Orpington Urban District Council . Later he maintained a home , the Derhams House , near Minchinhampton . Parliament . In the 1955 general election , Cunningham was chosen as the new Ulster Unionist MP for South Antrim . He was a delegate to the Council of Europe and Western European Union Parliamentary Assembly from 1956 to 1959 . He also served as Parliamentary Private Secretary to Jocelyn Simon , Financial Secretary to the Treasury , from 1958 . In 1959 he was made a Queens Counsel . After the 1959 general election , Cunningham was picked by Prime Minister Harold Macmillan as his Parliamentary Private Secretary , responsible for the Prime Ministers relations with backbench Conservative MPs . He was also a member of the National Executive of the Conservative and Unionist Party . When Macmillan resigned , he awarded Cunningham a baronetcy in his resignation honours . Post-Parliamentary career . Cunningham remained on the backbenches , known as one to the right of Ulster Unionism and a friend of Ian Paisley , through the rest of the 1960s , he frequently clashed with Harold Wilson during this period , but decided to retire at the 1970 general election . He was Master of the Drapers Company in 1973–74 . He was Provincial Grand Master of the Masonic Order in Gloucestershire from 1970-76 . He was a member of the Apprentice Boys Club in Derry and attended the 275th Anniversary of the shutting of the gates . Throughout his life he represented the old landed interests of Ulster and remained personally wealthy through family inheritance . He died suddenly at Derhams House , Minchinhampton on 29 July 1976 at the age of sixty-seven . Military intelligence , the RUC and victims named Cunningham as a paedophile and identified his close links to the sex offender ring at Kincora Boys Home but MI5 deny this . Sources . - M . Stenton and S . Lees , Whos Who of British MPs , vol . IV ( Harvester Press , 1981 ) . | easy |
[
"Parliamentary Private Secretary"
] | Which position did Knox Cunningham hold from Oct 1959 to Sep 1964? | /wiki/Knox_Cunningham#P39#3 | Knox Cunningham Sir Samuel Knox Cunningham , 1st Baronet , QC ( 3 April 1909 – 29 July 1976 ) , was a Northern Irish barrister , businessman and politician . As an Ulster Unionist politician at a time when the Unionists were part of the Conservative Party , he was also a significant figure in United Kingdom politics as Parliamentary Private Secretary to Harold Macmillan . His nephew was Sir Josias Cunningham . Early career . Cunningham was from an Ulster family . His father was Samuel Cunningham , and his mother was Janet Muir Knox ( nee McCosh ) of Dalry , Ayrshire . His elder brothers were Colonel James Glencairn Cunningham , Josias Cunningham stockbroker , Dunlop McCosh Cunningham owner of Murrays tobacco works , Belfast . He was sent to the Royal Belfast Academical Institution , and then to Fettes College in Edinburgh . He then won a place at Clare College , Cambridge - where he was heavy-weight boxing champion . The Cunningham family still remain prominent landowners around the Parkgate area of South Antrim with relatives including great nephews Joe , Richard and Garret still residing on the family estate . The family had considerable business interests in land , Tobacco , commerce and finance . From 1931 Cunningham went into business in Northern Ireland . He married Dorothy Enid Riley JP on 2 July 1935 . Later in the 1930s , Cunningham studied law and was called to the Bar by the Middle Temple in 1939 . During the Second World War he served in the Scots Guards although he continued his legal studies , and called to the Bar in Northern Ireland in 1942 . He fought the Belfast West by-election in 1943 and the same seat in the 1945 general election . After the war Cunningham mainly lived in Orpington , although he retained membership of the Ulster Unionist Council . His religious faith led him to be involved with the World Alliance of YMCAs from 1947 , and he was Chairman of the National Council of the YMCA in 1949 . In 1954 he was elected to Orpington Urban District Council . Later he maintained a home , the Derhams House , near Minchinhampton . Parliament . In the 1955 general election , Cunningham was chosen as the new Ulster Unionist MP for South Antrim . He was a delegate to the Council of Europe and Western European Union Parliamentary Assembly from 1956 to 1959 . He also served as Parliamentary Private Secretary to Jocelyn Simon , Financial Secretary to the Treasury , from 1958 . In 1959 he was made a Queens Counsel . After the 1959 general election , Cunningham was picked by Prime Minister Harold Macmillan as his Parliamentary Private Secretary , responsible for the Prime Ministers relations with backbench Conservative MPs . He was also a member of the National Executive of the Conservative and Unionist Party . When Macmillan resigned , he awarded Cunningham a baronetcy in his resignation honours . Post-Parliamentary career . Cunningham remained on the backbenches , known as one to the right of Ulster Unionism and a friend of Ian Paisley , through the rest of the 1960s , he frequently clashed with Harold Wilson during this period , but decided to retire at the 1970 general election . He was Master of the Drapers Company in 1973–74 . He was Provincial Grand Master of the Masonic Order in Gloucestershire from 1970-76 . He was a member of the Apprentice Boys Club in Derry and attended the 275th Anniversary of the shutting of the gates . Throughout his life he represented the old landed interests of Ulster and remained personally wealthy through family inheritance . He died suddenly at Derhams House , Minchinhampton on 29 July 1976 at the age of sixty-seven . Military intelligence , the RUC and victims named Cunningham as a paedophile and identified his close links to the sex offender ring at Kincora Boys Home but MI5 deny this . Sources . - M . Stenton and S . Lees , Whos Who of British MPs , vol . IV ( Harvester Press , 1981 ) . | easy |
[
""
] | What was the position of Knox Cunningham from Oct 1964 to May 1970? | /wiki/Knox_Cunningham#P39#4 | Knox Cunningham Sir Samuel Knox Cunningham , 1st Baronet , QC ( 3 April 1909 – 29 July 1976 ) , was a Northern Irish barrister , businessman and politician . As an Ulster Unionist politician at a time when the Unionists were part of the Conservative Party , he was also a significant figure in United Kingdom politics as Parliamentary Private Secretary to Harold Macmillan . His nephew was Sir Josias Cunningham . Early career . Cunningham was from an Ulster family . His father was Samuel Cunningham , and his mother was Janet Muir Knox ( nee McCosh ) of Dalry , Ayrshire . His elder brothers were Colonel James Glencairn Cunningham , Josias Cunningham stockbroker , Dunlop McCosh Cunningham owner of Murrays tobacco works , Belfast . He was sent to the Royal Belfast Academical Institution , and then to Fettes College in Edinburgh . He then won a place at Clare College , Cambridge - where he was heavy-weight boxing champion . The Cunningham family still remain prominent landowners around the Parkgate area of South Antrim with relatives including great nephews Joe , Richard and Garret still residing on the family estate . The family had considerable business interests in land , Tobacco , commerce and finance . From 1931 Cunningham went into business in Northern Ireland . He married Dorothy Enid Riley JP on 2 July 1935 . Later in the 1930s , Cunningham studied law and was called to the Bar by the Middle Temple in 1939 . During the Second World War he served in the Scots Guards although he continued his legal studies , and called to the Bar in Northern Ireland in 1942 . He fought the Belfast West by-election in 1943 and the same seat in the 1945 general election . After the war Cunningham mainly lived in Orpington , although he retained membership of the Ulster Unionist Council . His religious faith led him to be involved with the World Alliance of YMCAs from 1947 , and he was Chairman of the National Council of the YMCA in 1949 . In 1954 he was elected to Orpington Urban District Council . Later he maintained a home , the Derhams House , near Minchinhampton . Parliament . In the 1955 general election , Cunningham was chosen as the new Ulster Unionist MP for South Antrim . He was a delegate to the Council of Europe and Western European Union Parliamentary Assembly from 1956 to 1959 . He also served as Parliamentary Private Secretary to Jocelyn Simon , Financial Secretary to the Treasury , from 1958 . In 1959 he was made a Queens Counsel . After the 1959 general election , Cunningham was picked by Prime Minister Harold Macmillan as his Parliamentary Private Secretary , responsible for the Prime Ministers relations with backbench Conservative MPs . He was also a member of the National Executive of the Conservative and Unionist Party . When Macmillan resigned , he awarded Cunningham a baronetcy in his resignation honours . Post-Parliamentary career . Cunningham remained on the backbenches , known as one to the right of Ulster Unionism and a friend of Ian Paisley , through the rest of the 1960s , he frequently clashed with Harold Wilson during this period , but decided to retire at the 1970 general election . He was Master of the Drapers Company in 1973–74 . He was Provincial Grand Master of the Masonic Order in Gloucestershire from 1970-76 . He was a member of the Apprentice Boys Club in Derry and attended the 275th Anniversary of the shutting of the gates . Throughout his life he represented the old landed interests of Ulster and remained personally wealthy through family inheritance . He died suddenly at Derhams House , Minchinhampton on 29 July 1976 at the age of sixty-seven . Military intelligence , the RUC and victims named Cunningham as a paedophile and identified his close links to the sex offender ring at Kincora Boys Home but MI5 deny this . Sources . - M . Stenton and S . Lees , Whos Who of British MPs , vol . IV ( Harvester Press , 1981 ) . | easy |
[
""
] | Who was the spouse of Anna Karina from 1961 to 1968? | /wiki/Anna_Karina#P26#0 | Anna Karina Anna Karina ( born Hanne Karin Bayer , 22 September 194014 December 2019 ) was a Danish-French film avant garde actress , director , writer , and singer . She was French New Wave director Jean-Luc Godards muse in the 1960s , performing in several of his films , including The Little Soldier , A Woman Is a Woman , My Life to Live , ( Band of Outsiders ) , ( Crazy Pete ) and Alphaville . For her performance in A Woman Is a Woman , Karina won the Silver Bear Award for Best Actress at the Berlin Film Festival . In 1972 , Karina set up a production company for her directorial debut , Vivre ensemble ( 1973 ) , which screened in the Critics Week lineup at the 26th Cannes Film Festival . She also directed the French-Canadian film Victoria ( 2008 ) . In addition to her work in cinema , she worked as a singer , and wrote several novels . Karina was an icon of 1960s cinema , and referred to as the effervescent free spirit of the French New Wave , with all of the scars that the position entails . The New York Times described her as one of the screens great beauties and an enduring symbol of the French New Wave . Early life . Hanne Karin Bayer ( later known as Anna Karina ) was born in Frederiksberg , Denmark . Her mother was a dress shop owner and her father left the family a year after she was born . She lived with her maternal grandparents for three years , then spent the next four years in foster care before returning to live with her mother . She has described her childhood as terribly wanting to be loved , and as a child she made numerous attempts to run away from home . Her mother remarried , but her step-father was abusive . She began her career in Denmark , where she sang in cabarets and worked as a model playing in commercials . At age 14 , she appeared in a Danish short film by Ib Schmedes , which won a prize at Cannes . In 1958 , after a row with her mother , she hitchhiked to Paris . Career . Modeling . Bayer was 17 when she arrived in Paris , with only 10,000 francs and unable to speak French . One day while sitting at the café Les Deux Magots she was approached by a woman from an advertisement agency who asked her to do some photos . She began to work as a model and eventually became successful , posing for several magazines , including Elle , and meeting Pierre Cardin and Coco Chanel . Karina said that Chanel helped her devise her professional name , Anna Karina , which was deliberately coined to evoke the Leo Tolstoy novel , Anna Karenina . She appeared on the front cover of the Elle fashion magazine and in commercials for products such as Coca-Cola , Pepsodent , and Palmolive soap . Film . Jean-Luc Godard , then a film critic for Cahiers du cinéma , first saw Karina in the Palmolive adverts in which she posed in bathtubs , during movie previews in a Monsavon pub . He was casting his debut feature film , Breathless ( À bout de souffle , 1960 ) , and offered her a small part in it , but she refused when he mentioned that there would be a nude scene . When Godard questioned her refusal , mentioning her apparent nudity in the Palmolive ads , she is said to have replied , Are you mad ? I was wearing a bathing suit in those ads—the soapsuds went up to my neck . It was in your mind that I was undressed . In the end , the character Godard reserved for Karina did not appear in the film . Godard offered her a role in The Little Soldier ( , not released until 1963 ) which concerns contentious French actions during the Algerian War . She played a pro-Algerian activist . Karina , then still under 21 , had to persuade her estranged mother to sign the contract for her . The film was immediately controversial , outlawed from French theaters for its content referencing the Algerian War . As Angela in A Woman Is a Woman ( Une femme est une femme , 1961 ) . Karinas role was as an unattached striptease dancer who nevertheless wishes to have a child and daydreams about appearing in MGM musicals . Her school-girl costume emulated Leslie Caron in Gigi ( 1958 ) , worn even while performing her act . Karina won the Silver Bear for Best Actress at the 11th Berlin International Film Festival for her performance . In all , Karina appeared in eight films directed by Godard , including My Life to Live ( , 1962 ) , Band of Outsiders ( , 1964 ) and Alphaville ( both 1965 ) . In , Karinas character is on the run with her ex-boyfriend , while in Alphaville , a science-fiction film often equated to Bladerunner , Karinas role requires her to have difficulty saying the phrase I love you . The last film in the sequence was Made in USA ( 1966 ) . Anne Billson , in an article querying the concept of the female muse , wrote that Godard in his films with Karina seems to have trouble conceiving that the female experience revolves around anything other than prostitution , duplicity , or wanting babies . Karina herself did not object to being described as Godards muse : Maybe it’s too much , it sounds so pompous . But of course I’m always very touched to hear people say that . Because Jean-Luc gave me a gift to play all of those parts . Her career flourished , with Karina appearing in dozens of films through the 1960s , including The Nun ( La Religieuse , 1966 ) , directed by Jacques Rivette , Luchino Viscontis The Stranger ( Lo straniero , 1967 ) , the George Cukor/Joseph Strick collaboration Justine ( 1969 ) , and Tony Richardsons Laughter in the Dark ( 1969 ) . She continued to work steadily into the 1970s , with roles in Christian de Chalonges The Wedding Ring ( LAlliance , 1971 ) , Andre Delvauxs Rendezvous at Bray ( Rendez-vous à Bray , also 1971 ) , The Salzburg Connection ( 1972 ) , and Franco Brusatis Bread and Chocolate ( Pane e cioccolata , 1973 ) . In 1972 , she set up a production company , Raska , for her directorial debut , Living Together ( Vivre ensemble , 1973 ) , in which she also acted . The film screened in the Critics’ Week lineup at the 26th Cannes Film Festival . She starred in Rainer Werner Fassbinders Chinese Roulette ( Chinesisches Roulette , 1976 ) ; Fassbinder allegedly wrote the film for her and her partner at the time , Ulli Lommel . She later wrote and acted in Last Song ( 1987 ) and appeared in Up , Down , Fragile ( Haut bas fragile , 1995 ) , directed by Jacques Rivette , and sang in The Truth About Charlie ( 2002 ) , a remake of the film Charade ( 1963 ) . Karina wrote , directed and starred in Victoria ( 2008 ) , a musical road movie filmed in Montreal and Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean , Quebec . The lead character , played by Karina , has amnesia . Richard Kuipers praised it in Variety as a pleasant gambol through the backwoods of Quebec . Music and writing . Karina maintained a singing career . At the end of the 1960s , she scored a major hit with Sous le soleil exactement and Roller Girl by Serge Gainsbourg . Both songs are from the TV musical comedy Anna ( 1967 ) , by the film director Pierre Koralnik , in which she sings seven songs alongside Gainsbourg and Jean-Claude Brialy . Karina subsequently recorded an album , , with Philippe Katerine , which was followed by a concert tour . In 2005 , she released Chansons de films , a collection of songs sung in movies . Karina wrote four novels : ( 1973 ) , Golden City ( 1983 ) , ( 1988 ) , and Jusquau bout du hasard ( 1998 ) . Personal life . While working together on , Karina and Godard began a relationship and married in 1961 . Eventually , Karina served as a cinematic muse to Godard , appearing in eight of his films , including , and , during their five year marriage and after . Karina liked being the muse . How could I not be honoured ? she told Xan Brooks of The Guardian in 2016 . Maybe it’s too much , it sounds so pompous . But of course I’m always very touched to hear people say that . Because Jean-Luc gave me a gift to play all of those parts . It was like Pygmalion , you know ? I was Eliza Doolittle and he was the teacher . At this , she briefly channels Henry Higgins . By Jove , she says . I think she’s got it . The couple became , according to The Independent , one of the most celebrated pairings of the 1960s . A writer for Filmmaker magazine called their work arguably the most influential body of work in the history of cinema . Despite the critical success , their relationship behind the scenes was described as tumultuous ; they fought on film sets , Karina fell ill several times , and Godard was often absent without explanation . One Godard film from this period which does not feature Karina , Contempt ( 1963 ) , is said to be based on their difficult relationship . The couple divorced in 1965 . Karina said in spring 2016 that she and Godard no longer spoke to each other . She described the relationship in an interview with W magazine:It was all very exciting from the beginning . Of course we have a great love story and all that , but we were so different . He was 10 years older than me . He was very strange . He would go away and come back three weeks later .. . It was difficult , and I was a young girl , not even 21—at the time Godard was 30 . I know he didnt mean to hurt me , but he did . He was never there , he was never coming back , and I never knew where he was . He drove me a bit crazy.After divorcing Godard , Karina remarried three times ; she was married to French actors Pierre Fabre from 1968 to 1974 and Daniel Duval from 1978 to 1981 , and to American film director Dennis Berry from 1982 until her death . Karina died at the age of 79 on Saturday , December 14 , 2019 , at a hospital in Paris . According to her agent , Laurent Balandras , the cause of death was cancer . However , her husband , Dennis Berry , said that the cause was not cancer , but a complication following a muscular rupture . Legacy . Karina is regularly considered an icon of 1960s cinema , a staple in French New Wave cinema , as well as a style icon . The Guardian described her as an effervescent free spirit of the French new wave . The New York Times described her style as looking like a schoolgirl in her acting roles , regardless whether she was playing a streetwalker or a terrorist . Her signature look was her dark hair , wispy bangs , heavy eyeliner and school uniform of primary-coloured sailor-uniform tops , knee socks , plaid headwear such as berets and boaters . Refinery29 wrote that her 60s French girl style – think sailor dresses , tartan , long socks , and hats – and mesmerizing doe-eyed beauty mean she continues to be referenced today by the super-stylish . External links . - Anna Karina at Yahoo ! Movies - Anna Karina biography on newwavefilm.com - Anna Karina fan site | easy |
[
"Pierre Fabre"
] | Who was the spouse of Anna Karina from 1968 to 1974? | /wiki/Anna_Karina#P26#1 | Anna Karina Anna Karina ( born Hanne Karin Bayer , 22 September 194014 December 2019 ) was a Danish-French film avant garde actress , director , writer , and singer . She was French New Wave director Jean-Luc Godards muse in the 1960s , performing in several of his films , including The Little Soldier , A Woman Is a Woman , My Life to Live , ( Band of Outsiders ) , ( Crazy Pete ) and Alphaville . For her performance in A Woman Is a Woman , Karina won the Silver Bear Award for Best Actress at the Berlin Film Festival . In 1972 , Karina set up a production company for her directorial debut , Vivre ensemble ( 1973 ) , which screened in the Critics Week lineup at the 26th Cannes Film Festival . She also directed the French-Canadian film Victoria ( 2008 ) . In addition to her work in cinema , she worked as a singer , and wrote several novels . Karina was an icon of 1960s cinema , and referred to as the effervescent free spirit of the French New Wave , with all of the scars that the position entails . The New York Times described her as one of the screens great beauties and an enduring symbol of the French New Wave . Early life . Hanne Karin Bayer ( later known as Anna Karina ) was born in Frederiksberg , Denmark . Her mother was a dress shop owner and her father left the family a year after she was born . She lived with her maternal grandparents for three years , then spent the next four years in foster care before returning to live with her mother . She has described her childhood as terribly wanting to be loved , and as a child she made numerous attempts to run away from home . Her mother remarried , but her step-father was abusive . She began her career in Denmark , where she sang in cabarets and worked as a model playing in commercials . At age 14 , she appeared in a Danish short film by Ib Schmedes , which won a prize at Cannes . In 1958 , after a row with her mother , she hitchhiked to Paris . Career . Modeling . Bayer was 17 when she arrived in Paris , with only 10,000 francs and unable to speak French . One day while sitting at the café Les Deux Magots she was approached by a woman from an advertisement agency who asked her to do some photos . She began to work as a model and eventually became successful , posing for several magazines , including Elle , and meeting Pierre Cardin and Coco Chanel . Karina said that Chanel helped her devise her professional name , Anna Karina , which was deliberately coined to evoke the Leo Tolstoy novel , Anna Karenina . She appeared on the front cover of the Elle fashion magazine and in commercials for products such as Coca-Cola , Pepsodent , and Palmolive soap . Film . Jean-Luc Godard , then a film critic for Cahiers du cinéma , first saw Karina in the Palmolive adverts in which she posed in bathtubs , during movie previews in a Monsavon pub . He was casting his debut feature film , Breathless ( À bout de souffle , 1960 ) , and offered her a small part in it , but she refused when he mentioned that there would be a nude scene . When Godard questioned her refusal , mentioning her apparent nudity in the Palmolive ads , she is said to have replied , Are you mad ? I was wearing a bathing suit in those ads—the soapsuds went up to my neck . It was in your mind that I was undressed . In the end , the character Godard reserved for Karina did not appear in the film . Godard offered her a role in The Little Soldier ( , not released until 1963 ) which concerns contentious French actions during the Algerian War . She played a pro-Algerian activist . Karina , then still under 21 , had to persuade her estranged mother to sign the contract for her . The film was immediately controversial , outlawed from French theaters for its content referencing the Algerian War . As Angela in A Woman Is a Woman ( Une femme est une femme , 1961 ) . Karinas role was as an unattached striptease dancer who nevertheless wishes to have a child and daydreams about appearing in MGM musicals . Her school-girl costume emulated Leslie Caron in Gigi ( 1958 ) , worn even while performing her act . Karina won the Silver Bear for Best Actress at the 11th Berlin International Film Festival for her performance . In all , Karina appeared in eight films directed by Godard , including My Life to Live ( , 1962 ) , Band of Outsiders ( , 1964 ) and Alphaville ( both 1965 ) . In , Karinas character is on the run with her ex-boyfriend , while in Alphaville , a science-fiction film often equated to Bladerunner , Karinas role requires her to have difficulty saying the phrase I love you . The last film in the sequence was Made in USA ( 1966 ) . Anne Billson , in an article querying the concept of the female muse , wrote that Godard in his films with Karina seems to have trouble conceiving that the female experience revolves around anything other than prostitution , duplicity , or wanting babies . Karina herself did not object to being described as Godards muse : Maybe it’s too much , it sounds so pompous . But of course I’m always very touched to hear people say that . Because Jean-Luc gave me a gift to play all of those parts . Her career flourished , with Karina appearing in dozens of films through the 1960s , including The Nun ( La Religieuse , 1966 ) , directed by Jacques Rivette , Luchino Viscontis The Stranger ( Lo straniero , 1967 ) , the George Cukor/Joseph Strick collaboration Justine ( 1969 ) , and Tony Richardsons Laughter in the Dark ( 1969 ) . She continued to work steadily into the 1970s , with roles in Christian de Chalonges The Wedding Ring ( LAlliance , 1971 ) , Andre Delvauxs Rendezvous at Bray ( Rendez-vous à Bray , also 1971 ) , The Salzburg Connection ( 1972 ) , and Franco Brusatis Bread and Chocolate ( Pane e cioccolata , 1973 ) . In 1972 , she set up a production company , Raska , for her directorial debut , Living Together ( Vivre ensemble , 1973 ) , in which she also acted . The film screened in the Critics’ Week lineup at the 26th Cannes Film Festival . She starred in Rainer Werner Fassbinders Chinese Roulette ( Chinesisches Roulette , 1976 ) ; Fassbinder allegedly wrote the film for her and her partner at the time , Ulli Lommel . She later wrote and acted in Last Song ( 1987 ) and appeared in Up , Down , Fragile ( Haut bas fragile , 1995 ) , directed by Jacques Rivette , and sang in The Truth About Charlie ( 2002 ) , a remake of the film Charade ( 1963 ) . Karina wrote , directed and starred in Victoria ( 2008 ) , a musical road movie filmed in Montreal and Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean , Quebec . The lead character , played by Karina , has amnesia . Richard Kuipers praised it in Variety as a pleasant gambol through the backwoods of Quebec . Music and writing . Karina maintained a singing career . At the end of the 1960s , she scored a major hit with Sous le soleil exactement and Roller Girl by Serge Gainsbourg . Both songs are from the TV musical comedy Anna ( 1967 ) , by the film director Pierre Koralnik , in which she sings seven songs alongside Gainsbourg and Jean-Claude Brialy . Karina subsequently recorded an album , , with Philippe Katerine , which was followed by a concert tour . In 2005 , she released Chansons de films , a collection of songs sung in movies . Karina wrote four novels : ( 1973 ) , Golden City ( 1983 ) , ( 1988 ) , and Jusquau bout du hasard ( 1998 ) . Personal life . While working together on , Karina and Godard began a relationship and married in 1961 . Eventually , Karina served as a cinematic muse to Godard , appearing in eight of his films , including , and , during their five year marriage and after . Karina liked being the muse . How could I not be honoured ? she told Xan Brooks of The Guardian in 2016 . Maybe it’s too much , it sounds so pompous . But of course I’m always very touched to hear people say that . Because Jean-Luc gave me a gift to play all of those parts . It was like Pygmalion , you know ? I was Eliza Doolittle and he was the teacher . At this , she briefly channels Henry Higgins . By Jove , she says . I think she’s got it . The couple became , according to The Independent , one of the most celebrated pairings of the 1960s . A writer for Filmmaker magazine called their work arguably the most influential body of work in the history of cinema . Despite the critical success , their relationship behind the scenes was described as tumultuous ; they fought on film sets , Karina fell ill several times , and Godard was often absent without explanation . One Godard film from this period which does not feature Karina , Contempt ( 1963 ) , is said to be based on their difficult relationship . The couple divorced in 1965 . Karina said in spring 2016 that she and Godard no longer spoke to each other . She described the relationship in an interview with W magazine:It was all very exciting from the beginning . Of course we have a great love story and all that , but we were so different . He was 10 years older than me . He was very strange . He would go away and come back three weeks later .. . It was difficult , and I was a young girl , not even 21—at the time Godard was 30 . I know he didnt mean to hurt me , but he did . He was never there , he was never coming back , and I never knew where he was . He drove me a bit crazy.After divorcing Godard , Karina remarried three times ; she was married to French actors Pierre Fabre from 1968 to 1974 and Daniel Duval from 1978 to 1981 , and to American film director Dennis Berry from 1982 until her death . Karina died at the age of 79 on Saturday , December 14 , 2019 , at a hospital in Paris . According to her agent , Laurent Balandras , the cause of death was cancer . However , her husband , Dennis Berry , said that the cause was not cancer , but a complication following a muscular rupture . Legacy . Karina is regularly considered an icon of 1960s cinema , a staple in French New Wave cinema , as well as a style icon . The Guardian described her as an effervescent free spirit of the French new wave . The New York Times described her style as looking like a schoolgirl in her acting roles , regardless whether she was playing a streetwalker or a terrorist . Her signature look was her dark hair , wispy bangs , heavy eyeliner and school uniform of primary-coloured sailor-uniform tops , knee socks , plaid headwear such as berets and boaters . Refinery29 wrote that her 60s French girl style – think sailor dresses , tartan , long socks , and hats – and mesmerizing doe-eyed beauty mean she continues to be referenced today by the super-stylish . External links . - Anna Karina at Yahoo ! Movies - Anna Karina biography on newwavefilm.com - Anna Karina fan site | easy |
[
"Daniel Duval"
] | Who was Anna Karina 's spouse from 1978 to 1981? | /wiki/Anna_Karina#P26#2 | Anna Karina Anna Karina ( born Hanne Karin Bayer , 22 September 194014 December 2019 ) was a Danish-French film avant garde actress , director , writer , and singer . She was French New Wave director Jean-Luc Godards muse in the 1960s , performing in several of his films , including The Little Soldier , A Woman Is a Woman , My Life to Live , ( Band of Outsiders ) , ( Crazy Pete ) and Alphaville . For her performance in A Woman Is a Woman , Karina won the Silver Bear Award for Best Actress at the Berlin Film Festival . In 1972 , Karina set up a production company for her directorial debut , Vivre ensemble ( 1973 ) , which screened in the Critics Week lineup at the 26th Cannes Film Festival . She also directed the French-Canadian film Victoria ( 2008 ) . In addition to her work in cinema , she worked as a singer , and wrote several novels . Karina was an icon of 1960s cinema , and referred to as the effervescent free spirit of the French New Wave , with all of the scars that the position entails . The New York Times described her as one of the screens great beauties and an enduring symbol of the French New Wave . Early life . Hanne Karin Bayer ( later known as Anna Karina ) was born in Frederiksberg , Denmark . Her mother was a dress shop owner and her father left the family a year after she was born . She lived with her maternal grandparents for three years , then spent the next four years in foster care before returning to live with her mother . She has described her childhood as terribly wanting to be loved , and as a child she made numerous attempts to run away from home . Her mother remarried , but her step-father was abusive . She began her career in Denmark , where she sang in cabarets and worked as a model playing in commercials . At age 14 , she appeared in a Danish short film by Ib Schmedes , which won a prize at Cannes . In 1958 , after a row with her mother , she hitchhiked to Paris . Career . Modeling . Bayer was 17 when she arrived in Paris , with only 10,000 francs and unable to speak French . One day while sitting at the café Les Deux Magots she was approached by a woman from an advertisement agency who asked her to do some photos . She began to work as a model and eventually became successful , posing for several magazines , including Elle , and meeting Pierre Cardin and Coco Chanel . Karina said that Chanel helped her devise her professional name , Anna Karina , which was deliberately coined to evoke the Leo Tolstoy novel , Anna Karenina . She appeared on the front cover of the Elle fashion magazine and in commercials for products such as Coca-Cola , Pepsodent , and Palmolive soap . Film . Jean-Luc Godard , then a film critic for Cahiers du cinéma , first saw Karina in the Palmolive adverts in which she posed in bathtubs , during movie previews in a Monsavon pub . He was casting his debut feature film , Breathless ( À bout de souffle , 1960 ) , and offered her a small part in it , but she refused when he mentioned that there would be a nude scene . When Godard questioned her refusal , mentioning her apparent nudity in the Palmolive ads , she is said to have replied , Are you mad ? I was wearing a bathing suit in those ads—the soapsuds went up to my neck . It was in your mind that I was undressed . In the end , the character Godard reserved for Karina did not appear in the film . Godard offered her a role in The Little Soldier ( , not released until 1963 ) which concerns contentious French actions during the Algerian War . She played a pro-Algerian activist . Karina , then still under 21 , had to persuade her estranged mother to sign the contract for her . The film was immediately controversial , outlawed from French theaters for its content referencing the Algerian War . As Angela in A Woman Is a Woman ( Une femme est une femme , 1961 ) . Karinas role was as an unattached striptease dancer who nevertheless wishes to have a child and daydreams about appearing in MGM musicals . Her school-girl costume emulated Leslie Caron in Gigi ( 1958 ) , worn even while performing her act . Karina won the Silver Bear for Best Actress at the 11th Berlin International Film Festival for her performance . In all , Karina appeared in eight films directed by Godard , including My Life to Live ( , 1962 ) , Band of Outsiders ( , 1964 ) and Alphaville ( both 1965 ) . In , Karinas character is on the run with her ex-boyfriend , while in Alphaville , a science-fiction film often equated to Bladerunner , Karinas role requires her to have difficulty saying the phrase I love you . The last film in the sequence was Made in USA ( 1966 ) . Anne Billson , in an article querying the concept of the female muse , wrote that Godard in his films with Karina seems to have trouble conceiving that the female experience revolves around anything other than prostitution , duplicity , or wanting babies . Karina herself did not object to being described as Godards muse : Maybe it’s too much , it sounds so pompous . But of course I’m always very touched to hear people say that . Because Jean-Luc gave me a gift to play all of those parts . Her career flourished , with Karina appearing in dozens of films through the 1960s , including The Nun ( La Religieuse , 1966 ) , directed by Jacques Rivette , Luchino Viscontis The Stranger ( Lo straniero , 1967 ) , the George Cukor/Joseph Strick collaboration Justine ( 1969 ) , and Tony Richardsons Laughter in the Dark ( 1969 ) . She continued to work steadily into the 1970s , with roles in Christian de Chalonges The Wedding Ring ( LAlliance , 1971 ) , Andre Delvauxs Rendezvous at Bray ( Rendez-vous à Bray , also 1971 ) , The Salzburg Connection ( 1972 ) , and Franco Brusatis Bread and Chocolate ( Pane e cioccolata , 1973 ) . In 1972 , she set up a production company , Raska , for her directorial debut , Living Together ( Vivre ensemble , 1973 ) , in which she also acted . The film screened in the Critics’ Week lineup at the 26th Cannes Film Festival . She starred in Rainer Werner Fassbinders Chinese Roulette ( Chinesisches Roulette , 1976 ) ; Fassbinder allegedly wrote the film for her and her partner at the time , Ulli Lommel . She later wrote and acted in Last Song ( 1987 ) and appeared in Up , Down , Fragile ( Haut bas fragile , 1995 ) , directed by Jacques Rivette , and sang in The Truth About Charlie ( 2002 ) , a remake of the film Charade ( 1963 ) . Karina wrote , directed and starred in Victoria ( 2008 ) , a musical road movie filmed in Montreal and Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean , Quebec . The lead character , played by Karina , has amnesia . Richard Kuipers praised it in Variety as a pleasant gambol through the backwoods of Quebec . Music and writing . Karina maintained a singing career . At the end of the 1960s , she scored a major hit with Sous le soleil exactement and Roller Girl by Serge Gainsbourg . Both songs are from the TV musical comedy Anna ( 1967 ) , by the film director Pierre Koralnik , in which she sings seven songs alongside Gainsbourg and Jean-Claude Brialy . Karina subsequently recorded an album , , with Philippe Katerine , which was followed by a concert tour . In 2005 , she released Chansons de films , a collection of songs sung in movies . Karina wrote four novels : ( 1973 ) , Golden City ( 1983 ) , ( 1988 ) , and Jusquau bout du hasard ( 1998 ) . Personal life . While working together on , Karina and Godard began a relationship and married in 1961 . Eventually , Karina served as a cinematic muse to Godard , appearing in eight of his films , including , and , during their five year marriage and after . Karina liked being the muse . How could I not be honoured ? she told Xan Brooks of The Guardian in 2016 . Maybe it’s too much , it sounds so pompous . But of course I’m always very touched to hear people say that . Because Jean-Luc gave me a gift to play all of those parts . It was like Pygmalion , you know ? I was Eliza Doolittle and he was the teacher . At this , she briefly channels Henry Higgins . By Jove , she says . I think she’s got it . The couple became , according to The Independent , one of the most celebrated pairings of the 1960s . A writer for Filmmaker magazine called their work arguably the most influential body of work in the history of cinema . Despite the critical success , their relationship behind the scenes was described as tumultuous ; they fought on film sets , Karina fell ill several times , and Godard was often absent without explanation . One Godard film from this period which does not feature Karina , Contempt ( 1963 ) , is said to be based on their difficult relationship . The couple divorced in 1965 . Karina said in spring 2016 that she and Godard no longer spoke to each other . She described the relationship in an interview with W magazine:It was all very exciting from the beginning . Of course we have a great love story and all that , but we were so different . He was 10 years older than me . He was very strange . He would go away and come back three weeks later .. . It was difficult , and I was a young girl , not even 21—at the time Godard was 30 . I know he didnt mean to hurt me , but he did . He was never there , he was never coming back , and I never knew where he was . He drove me a bit crazy.After divorcing Godard , Karina remarried three times ; she was married to French actors Pierre Fabre from 1968 to 1974 and Daniel Duval from 1978 to 1981 , and to American film director Dennis Berry from 1982 until her death . Karina died at the age of 79 on Saturday , December 14 , 2019 , at a hospital in Paris . According to her agent , Laurent Balandras , the cause of death was cancer . However , her husband , Dennis Berry , said that the cause was not cancer , but a complication following a muscular rupture . Legacy . Karina is regularly considered an icon of 1960s cinema , a staple in French New Wave cinema , as well as a style icon . The Guardian described her as an effervescent free spirit of the French new wave . The New York Times described her style as looking like a schoolgirl in her acting roles , regardless whether she was playing a streetwalker or a terrorist . Her signature look was her dark hair , wispy bangs , heavy eyeliner and school uniform of primary-coloured sailor-uniform tops , knee socks , plaid headwear such as berets and boaters . Refinery29 wrote that her 60s French girl style – think sailor dresses , tartan , long socks , and hats – and mesmerizing doe-eyed beauty mean she continues to be referenced today by the super-stylish . External links . - Anna Karina at Yahoo ! Movies - Anna Karina biography on newwavefilm.com - Anna Karina fan site | easy |
[
"Dennis Berry"
] | Who was Anna Karina 's spouse from 1982 to 2019? | /wiki/Anna_Karina#P26#3 | Anna Karina Anna Karina ( born Hanne Karin Bayer , 22 September 194014 December 2019 ) was a Danish-French film avant garde actress , director , writer , and singer . She was French New Wave director Jean-Luc Godards muse in the 1960s , performing in several of his films , including The Little Soldier , A Woman Is a Woman , My Life to Live , ( Band of Outsiders ) , ( Crazy Pete ) and Alphaville . For her performance in A Woman Is a Woman , Karina won the Silver Bear Award for Best Actress at the Berlin Film Festival . In 1972 , Karina set up a production company for her directorial debut , Vivre ensemble ( 1973 ) , which screened in the Critics Week lineup at the 26th Cannes Film Festival . She also directed the French-Canadian film Victoria ( 2008 ) . In addition to her work in cinema , she worked as a singer , and wrote several novels . Karina was an icon of 1960s cinema , and referred to as the effervescent free spirit of the French New Wave , with all of the scars that the position entails . The New York Times described her as one of the screens great beauties and an enduring symbol of the French New Wave . Early life . Hanne Karin Bayer ( later known as Anna Karina ) was born in Frederiksberg , Denmark . Her mother was a dress shop owner and her father left the family a year after she was born . She lived with her maternal grandparents for three years , then spent the next four years in foster care before returning to live with her mother . She has described her childhood as terribly wanting to be loved , and as a child she made numerous attempts to run away from home . Her mother remarried , but her step-father was abusive . She began her career in Denmark , where she sang in cabarets and worked as a model playing in commercials . At age 14 , she appeared in a Danish short film by Ib Schmedes , which won a prize at Cannes . In 1958 , after a row with her mother , she hitchhiked to Paris . Career . Modeling . Bayer was 17 when she arrived in Paris , with only 10,000 francs and unable to speak French . One day while sitting at the café Les Deux Magots she was approached by a woman from an advertisement agency who asked her to do some photos . She began to work as a model and eventually became successful , posing for several magazines , including Elle , and meeting Pierre Cardin and Coco Chanel . Karina said that Chanel helped her devise her professional name , Anna Karina , which was deliberately coined to evoke the Leo Tolstoy novel , Anna Karenina . She appeared on the front cover of the Elle fashion magazine and in commercials for products such as Coca-Cola , Pepsodent , and Palmolive soap . Film . Jean-Luc Godard , then a film critic for Cahiers du cinéma , first saw Karina in the Palmolive adverts in which she posed in bathtubs , during movie previews in a Monsavon pub . He was casting his debut feature film , Breathless ( À bout de souffle , 1960 ) , and offered her a small part in it , but she refused when he mentioned that there would be a nude scene . When Godard questioned her refusal , mentioning her apparent nudity in the Palmolive ads , she is said to have replied , Are you mad ? I was wearing a bathing suit in those ads—the soapsuds went up to my neck . It was in your mind that I was undressed . In the end , the character Godard reserved for Karina did not appear in the film . Godard offered her a role in The Little Soldier ( , not released until 1963 ) which concerns contentious French actions during the Algerian War . She played a pro-Algerian activist . Karina , then still under 21 , had to persuade her estranged mother to sign the contract for her . The film was immediately controversial , outlawed from French theaters for its content referencing the Algerian War . As Angela in A Woman Is a Woman ( Une femme est une femme , 1961 ) . Karinas role was as an unattached striptease dancer who nevertheless wishes to have a child and daydreams about appearing in MGM musicals . Her school-girl costume emulated Leslie Caron in Gigi ( 1958 ) , worn even while performing her act . Karina won the Silver Bear for Best Actress at the 11th Berlin International Film Festival for her performance . In all , Karina appeared in eight films directed by Godard , including My Life to Live ( , 1962 ) , Band of Outsiders ( , 1964 ) and Alphaville ( both 1965 ) . In , Karinas character is on the run with her ex-boyfriend , while in Alphaville , a science-fiction film often equated to Bladerunner , Karinas role requires her to have difficulty saying the phrase I love you . The last film in the sequence was Made in USA ( 1966 ) . Anne Billson , in an article querying the concept of the female muse , wrote that Godard in his films with Karina seems to have trouble conceiving that the female experience revolves around anything other than prostitution , duplicity , or wanting babies . Karina herself did not object to being described as Godards muse : Maybe it’s too much , it sounds so pompous . But of course I’m always very touched to hear people say that . Because Jean-Luc gave me a gift to play all of those parts . Her career flourished , with Karina appearing in dozens of films through the 1960s , including The Nun ( La Religieuse , 1966 ) , directed by Jacques Rivette , Luchino Viscontis The Stranger ( Lo straniero , 1967 ) , the George Cukor/Joseph Strick collaboration Justine ( 1969 ) , and Tony Richardsons Laughter in the Dark ( 1969 ) . She continued to work steadily into the 1970s , with roles in Christian de Chalonges The Wedding Ring ( LAlliance , 1971 ) , Andre Delvauxs Rendezvous at Bray ( Rendez-vous à Bray , also 1971 ) , The Salzburg Connection ( 1972 ) , and Franco Brusatis Bread and Chocolate ( Pane e cioccolata , 1973 ) . In 1972 , she set up a production company , Raska , for her directorial debut , Living Together ( Vivre ensemble , 1973 ) , in which she also acted . The film screened in the Critics’ Week lineup at the 26th Cannes Film Festival . She starred in Rainer Werner Fassbinders Chinese Roulette ( Chinesisches Roulette , 1976 ) ; Fassbinder allegedly wrote the film for her and her partner at the time , Ulli Lommel . She later wrote and acted in Last Song ( 1987 ) and appeared in Up , Down , Fragile ( Haut bas fragile , 1995 ) , directed by Jacques Rivette , and sang in The Truth About Charlie ( 2002 ) , a remake of the film Charade ( 1963 ) . Karina wrote , directed and starred in Victoria ( 2008 ) , a musical road movie filmed in Montreal and Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean , Quebec . The lead character , played by Karina , has amnesia . Richard Kuipers praised it in Variety as a pleasant gambol through the backwoods of Quebec . Music and writing . Karina maintained a singing career . At the end of the 1960s , she scored a major hit with Sous le soleil exactement and Roller Girl by Serge Gainsbourg . Both songs are from the TV musical comedy Anna ( 1967 ) , by the film director Pierre Koralnik , in which she sings seven songs alongside Gainsbourg and Jean-Claude Brialy . Karina subsequently recorded an album , , with Philippe Katerine , which was followed by a concert tour . In 2005 , she released Chansons de films , a collection of songs sung in movies . Karina wrote four novels : ( 1973 ) , Golden City ( 1983 ) , ( 1988 ) , and Jusquau bout du hasard ( 1998 ) . Personal life . While working together on , Karina and Godard began a relationship and married in 1961 . Eventually , Karina served as a cinematic muse to Godard , appearing in eight of his films , including , and , during their five year marriage and after . Karina liked being the muse . How could I not be honoured ? she told Xan Brooks of The Guardian in 2016 . Maybe it’s too much , it sounds so pompous . But of course I’m always very touched to hear people say that . Because Jean-Luc gave me a gift to play all of those parts . It was like Pygmalion , you know ? I was Eliza Doolittle and he was the teacher . At this , she briefly channels Henry Higgins . By Jove , she says . I think she’s got it . The couple became , according to The Independent , one of the most celebrated pairings of the 1960s . A writer for Filmmaker magazine called their work arguably the most influential body of work in the history of cinema . Despite the critical success , their relationship behind the scenes was described as tumultuous ; they fought on film sets , Karina fell ill several times , and Godard was often absent without explanation . One Godard film from this period which does not feature Karina , Contempt ( 1963 ) , is said to be based on their difficult relationship . The couple divorced in 1965 . Karina said in spring 2016 that she and Godard no longer spoke to each other . She described the relationship in an interview with W magazine:It was all very exciting from the beginning . Of course we have a great love story and all that , but we were so different . He was 10 years older than me . He was very strange . He would go away and come back three weeks later .. . It was difficult , and I was a young girl , not even 21—at the time Godard was 30 . I know he didnt mean to hurt me , but he did . He was never there , he was never coming back , and I never knew where he was . He drove me a bit crazy.After divorcing Godard , Karina remarried three times ; she was married to French actors Pierre Fabre from 1968 to 1974 and Daniel Duval from 1978 to 1981 , and to American film director Dennis Berry from 1982 until her death . Karina died at the age of 79 on Saturday , December 14 , 2019 , at a hospital in Paris . According to her agent , Laurent Balandras , the cause of death was cancer . However , her husband , Dennis Berry , said that the cause was not cancer , but a complication following a muscular rupture . Legacy . Karina is regularly considered an icon of 1960s cinema , a staple in French New Wave cinema , as well as a style icon . The Guardian described her as an effervescent free spirit of the French new wave . The New York Times described her style as looking like a schoolgirl in her acting roles , regardless whether she was playing a streetwalker or a terrorist . Her signature look was her dark hair , wispy bangs , heavy eyeliner and school uniform of primary-coloured sailor-uniform tops , knee socks , plaid headwear such as berets and boaters . Refinery29 wrote that her 60s French girl style – think sailor dresses , tartan , long socks , and hats – and mesmerizing doe-eyed beauty mean she continues to be referenced today by the super-stylish . External links . - Anna Karina at Yahoo ! Movies - Anna Karina biography on newwavefilm.com - Anna Karina fan site | easy |
[
"commander of Jämtland Ranger Regiment"
] | What position did Carl Eric Almgren take from 1960 to 1961? | /wiki/Carl_Eric_Almgren#P39#0 | Carl Eric Almgren General Carl Eric Åke Almgren ( 4March 1913 – 20May 2001 ) was a Swedish Army officer . Almgren served as Chief of the Defence Staff from 1961 to 1967 , military commander of the Eastern Military District ( Milo Ö ) from 1967 to 1969 and as the Chief of the Army from 1969 to 1976 . Early life . Almgren was born on 4 March 1913 in Linköping , Sweden , the son of captain Carl Almgren and his wife Esther ( née Tell ) . The father , Carl , who derived from a farming family , was a commissioned officer in the Life Grenadier Regiment , where he was among the more prominent representatives of his corps and had several positions both in the regiment and in the city of Linköping . Carl Eric did very well in school and was chairman of the school association . It is said to have been a disappointment for Almgrens teacher that with his striking theoretical endowment did not choose the academic path . Almgren was an avid reader and in 1930 at the age of 17 he read , according to his reading records , 198 books ; ie almost four books per week . Almgren graduated from Linköpings högre allmänna läroverket with exceptionally high grades on 4 June 1931 . A week later he stood as an officer cadet outside the barracks of the Life Grenadier Regiment , the year after his father had resigned . At Military Academy Karlberg , he would have been the top student , if he had not been too outspoken . He graduated third best in his class and at the Royal Swedish Army Staff College he graduated with some of the best grades awarded . Almgren was appointed in April 1934 to officership at Jönköpings-Kalmar Regiment . In 1936 he became a lieutenant and went through the Infantry Officer School . The winter of 1938 to 1939 , he studied Russian on a scholarship in Tallinn . Apart from Russian , he also spoke English , German and French fluently . Career . In October 1939 , Almgren was appointed assistant military attaché in Tallinn , Riga , and Kaunas . With placement in Tallinn , he became interested in the tense global political activities . The Soviet Union invasion in 1940 ended his ability to act as attaché , so he was told to observe the Soviet tanks when they crossed the Estonian border . During the war years he served , among other things , in the war preparedness organized army corps and division staffs and attended the Royal Swedish Army Staff College from 1941 to 1943 . Almgren was promoted to captain in 1942 and was an officer candidate in the General Staff Corps and the captain of the same in 1945 . In the next post-war years , he was placed at the Army Inspectorates Central Department and the Army Staffs Organization Department , while he taught at the Royal Swedish Army Staff College in tactics and staff service and a shorter time at the Swedish Air Force Flying School . In 1949 he was appointed captain of Västernorrland Regiment ( I 21 ) and he was promoted to major in the General Staff Corps in 1951 . Almgren was a teacher at the newly established Swedish National Defence College from 1951 to 1953 and was placed at the Defence Staff and then as head of the Army Staffs Tactics Department . Almgren was promoted lieutenant colonel in the General Staff Corps in 1955 . He was head of the Defence Staffs Army Department , a central post with influence over operational planning and cooperation between the central staffs . He returned to the troop service as training officer in Hälsinge Regiment ( I 14 ) in 1957 and was appointed to colonel and commander of Jämtland Ranger Regiment ( I 5 ) in 1960 . Already the following year in 1961 he took up the post as Chief of the Defence Staff , while also being promoted to major general . In 1966 he was promoted to lieutenant general , and in 1967 he was appointed military commander of the Eastern Military District ( Milo Ö ) , and also the Commandant General in Stockholm . Almgren took office as Chief of the Army on 1 October 1969 and served until 1976 . When he took office the Defence Act of 1968 had just been put into force . Having lost their previous political agreement between the Social Democrats and the centre-right parties , and it was obvious that the Supreme Commanders military and political assessments accorded less importance . The appropriations frame shrank , the fixed mark-up for technological development disappeared , and the carefully calculated price compensation system previously in force was replaced by a less favorable net price index . Among Almgrens contributions during his six years as Chief of the Armys was to improve leadership , staff treatment and training methods , as his predecessor Curt Göransson had initiated and that despite no small resistance pushed through a merger of regiments and defense area staffs ; the provincial regiments thus regained its original role to both coordinate the defense of their own counties and train brigades for national defense . These far-sighted reforms survived , unfortunately , not the so-called restructuring in the 1990s . By the time of his retirement as army chief , he was promoted to general . Other work . Alongside the traditional career had his services been used in numerous investigations and special assignments . Almgren was secretary of the Army Officers Training Committee from 1943 to 1946 , member of the 1948 Air Defense Committee , expert in the committee for voluntary defence in 1949 , expert in the ÖB investigations of 1947 , 1954 , 1957 , 1962 and 1965 , expert in the 1962 Defence Committee and the 1965 Defense Investigation , member of the board of the Swedish Civil Defence League ( Sveriges civilförsvarsförbund ) from 1956 to 1957 , the Total Defences head-board ( Totalförsvaret chefsnämnd ) , the Total Defences information board ( Totalförsvarets upplysningsnämnd ) , the National Singal Security Board ( Statens signalskyddsnämnd ) and the presidium of the Central Association of Society and Defence . Almgren was also a military employee of Stockholms-Tidningen in two periods 1943-1946 and 1952–1954 . During his time as Chief of the Army 1969-1976 he was at the same time chairman of the Swedish Army Museum . He put a great effort in the Fältjägare Association ( Föreningen Fältjägare ) in Stockholm and often attended meetings of the Swedish Military History Commission ( Svenska militärhistoriska kommissionen ) and could occasionally find amusement in the cultural evenings with the Idun Society ( Sällskapet Idun ) . At the military academy Almgren had served as a palace poet . He became an honorary member of the Royal Swedish Society of Naval Sciences and a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of War Sciences in 1952 . Almgren was chairman of the academys Section I , Land Warfare Studies from 1970 to 1975 and was president of the academy from 1969 to 1971 . Later life . In the obituaries Almgren was termed as extraordinarily talented and extremely hardworking . It also appears that he could be perceived as harsh in his criticism of the persons who in his opinion did not measure up . It also emphasizes that he gladly wrote verse that he performed on various occasions . He also had a strong Christian faith . After his resignation he got involved in The Salvation Army . In 1983 he entered the Salvation Armys counsel and worked actively to plan the activities in crisis situations . In the early 1990s , he followed closely the efforts to build the organization in the Baltic states . Among his former colleagues the perception of him was diverse . Lieutenant General Carl Björeman said that when you asked Almgren a question and came up with a proposal that he did not like , you felt as a subordinate officer but still not dejected . The opposite was not unusual . Almgren was for many years an active member of Försvarsfrämjandet , an organization that primarily works with advocacy for a strong defense . Personal life . In 1938 he married Lisa Salomonsson ( 1910–1988 ) , the daughter of Anton Salomonsson and Edla ( née Sköld ) . Almgren was the father of Bo ( born 1943 ) and Åke ( born 1946 ) . Dates of rank . - 1934 – Fänrik - 1936 – Lieutenant - 1942 – Captain - 1951 – Major - 1955 – Lieutenant Colonel - 1960 – Colonel - 1961 – Major General - 1966 – Lieutenant General - 1976 – General Awards and decoration . Swedish . - Commander Grand Cross of the Order of the Sword ( 6 June 1968 ) - Knight of the Order of Vasa - Home Guard Medal of Merit in Gold - Swedish Central Federation for Voluntary Military Training Medal of Merit in silver - Swedish Civil Defence Leagues badge of merit in gold ( Sveriges civilförsvarsförbund förtjänsttecken i guld ) - SLSM ? - Central Board of the National Swedish Rifle Associations silver medal ( Sveriges skytteförbunds överstyrelses silvermedalj ) Foreign . - Finnish War Memorial Medal ( Finsk krigsminnesmedalj ) External links . - Article about Almgrens reading habits | easy |
[
"Chief of the Defence Staff"
] | What was the position of Carl Eric Almgren from 1961 to 1967? | /wiki/Carl_Eric_Almgren#P39#1 | Carl Eric Almgren General Carl Eric Åke Almgren ( 4March 1913 – 20May 2001 ) was a Swedish Army officer . Almgren served as Chief of the Defence Staff from 1961 to 1967 , military commander of the Eastern Military District ( Milo Ö ) from 1967 to 1969 and as the Chief of the Army from 1969 to 1976 . Early life . Almgren was born on 4 March 1913 in Linköping , Sweden , the son of captain Carl Almgren and his wife Esther ( née Tell ) . The father , Carl , who derived from a farming family , was a commissioned officer in the Life Grenadier Regiment , where he was among the more prominent representatives of his corps and had several positions both in the regiment and in the city of Linköping . Carl Eric did very well in school and was chairman of the school association . It is said to have been a disappointment for Almgrens teacher that with his striking theoretical endowment did not choose the academic path . Almgren was an avid reader and in 1930 at the age of 17 he read , according to his reading records , 198 books ; ie almost four books per week . Almgren graduated from Linköpings högre allmänna läroverket with exceptionally high grades on 4 June 1931 . A week later he stood as an officer cadet outside the barracks of the Life Grenadier Regiment , the year after his father had resigned . At Military Academy Karlberg , he would have been the top student , if he had not been too outspoken . He graduated third best in his class and at the Royal Swedish Army Staff College he graduated with some of the best grades awarded . Almgren was appointed in April 1934 to officership at Jönköpings-Kalmar Regiment . In 1936 he became a lieutenant and went through the Infantry Officer School . The winter of 1938 to 1939 , he studied Russian on a scholarship in Tallinn . Apart from Russian , he also spoke English , German and French fluently . Career . In October 1939 , Almgren was appointed assistant military attaché in Tallinn , Riga , and Kaunas . With placement in Tallinn , he became interested in the tense global political activities . The Soviet Union invasion in 1940 ended his ability to act as attaché , so he was told to observe the Soviet tanks when they crossed the Estonian border . During the war years he served , among other things , in the war preparedness organized army corps and division staffs and attended the Royal Swedish Army Staff College from 1941 to 1943 . Almgren was promoted to captain in 1942 and was an officer candidate in the General Staff Corps and the captain of the same in 1945 . In the next post-war years , he was placed at the Army Inspectorates Central Department and the Army Staffs Organization Department , while he taught at the Royal Swedish Army Staff College in tactics and staff service and a shorter time at the Swedish Air Force Flying School . In 1949 he was appointed captain of Västernorrland Regiment ( I 21 ) and he was promoted to major in the General Staff Corps in 1951 . Almgren was a teacher at the newly established Swedish National Defence College from 1951 to 1953 and was placed at the Defence Staff and then as head of the Army Staffs Tactics Department . Almgren was promoted lieutenant colonel in the General Staff Corps in 1955 . He was head of the Defence Staffs Army Department , a central post with influence over operational planning and cooperation between the central staffs . He returned to the troop service as training officer in Hälsinge Regiment ( I 14 ) in 1957 and was appointed to colonel and commander of Jämtland Ranger Regiment ( I 5 ) in 1960 . Already the following year in 1961 he took up the post as Chief of the Defence Staff , while also being promoted to major general . In 1966 he was promoted to lieutenant general , and in 1967 he was appointed military commander of the Eastern Military District ( Milo Ö ) , and also the Commandant General in Stockholm . Almgren took office as Chief of the Army on 1 October 1969 and served until 1976 . When he took office the Defence Act of 1968 had just been put into force . Having lost their previous political agreement between the Social Democrats and the centre-right parties , and it was obvious that the Supreme Commanders military and political assessments accorded less importance . The appropriations frame shrank , the fixed mark-up for technological development disappeared , and the carefully calculated price compensation system previously in force was replaced by a less favorable net price index . Among Almgrens contributions during his six years as Chief of the Armys was to improve leadership , staff treatment and training methods , as his predecessor Curt Göransson had initiated and that despite no small resistance pushed through a merger of regiments and defense area staffs ; the provincial regiments thus regained its original role to both coordinate the defense of their own counties and train brigades for national defense . These far-sighted reforms survived , unfortunately , not the so-called restructuring in the 1990s . By the time of his retirement as army chief , he was promoted to general . Other work . Alongside the traditional career had his services been used in numerous investigations and special assignments . Almgren was secretary of the Army Officers Training Committee from 1943 to 1946 , member of the 1948 Air Defense Committee , expert in the committee for voluntary defence in 1949 , expert in the ÖB investigations of 1947 , 1954 , 1957 , 1962 and 1965 , expert in the 1962 Defence Committee and the 1965 Defense Investigation , member of the board of the Swedish Civil Defence League ( Sveriges civilförsvarsförbund ) from 1956 to 1957 , the Total Defences head-board ( Totalförsvaret chefsnämnd ) , the Total Defences information board ( Totalförsvarets upplysningsnämnd ) , the National Singal Security Board ( Statens signalskyddsnämnd ) and the presidium of the Central Association of Society and Defence . Almgren was also a military employee of Stockholms-Tidningen in two periods 1943-1946 and 1952–1954 . During his time as Chief of the Army 1969-1976 he was at the same time chairman of the Swedish Army Museum . He put a great effort in the Fältjägare Association ( Föreningen Fältjägare ) in Stockholm and often attended meetings of the Swedish Military History Commission ( Svenska militärhistoriska kommissionen ) and could occasionally find amusement in the cultural evenings with the Idun Society ( Sällskapet Idun ) . At the military academy Almgren had served as a palace poet . He became an honorary member of the Royal Swedish Society of Naval Sciences and a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of War Sciences in 1952 . Almgren was chairman of the academys Section I , Land Warfare Studies from 1970 to 1975 and was president of the academy from 1969 to 1971 . Later life . In the obituaries Almgren was termed as extraordinarily talented and extremely hardworking . It also appears that he could be perceived as harsh in his criticism of the persons who in his opinion did not measure up . It also emphasizes that he gladly wrote verse that he performed on various occasions . He also had a strong Christian faith . After his resignation he got involved in The Salvation Army . In 1983 he entered the Salvation Armys counsel and worked actively to plan the activities in crisis situations . In the early 1990s , he followed closely the efforts to build the organization in the Baltic states . Among his former colleagues the perception of him was diverse . Lieutenant General Carl Björeman said that when you asked Almgren a question and came up with a proposal that he did not like , you felt as a subordinate officer but still not dejected . The opposite was not unusual . Almgren was for many years an active member of Försvarsfrämjandet , an organization that primarily works with advocacy for a strong defense . Personal life . In 1938 he married Lisa Salomonsson ( 1910–1988 ) , the daughter of Anton Salomonsson and Edla ( née Sköld ) . Almgren was the father of Bo ( born 1943 ) and Åke ( born 1946 ) . Dates of rank . - 1934 – Fänrik - 1936 – Lieutenant - 1942 – Captain - 1951 – Major - 1955 – Lieutenant Colonel - 1960 – Colonel - 1961 – Major General - 1966 – Lieutenant General - 1976 – General Awards and decoration . Swedish . - Commander Grand Cross of the Order of the Sword ( 6 June 1968 ) - Knight of the Order of Vasa - Home Guard Medal of Merit in Gold - Swedish Central Federation for Voluntary Military Training Medal of Merit in silver - Swedish Civil Defence Leagues badge of merit in gold ( Sveriges civilförsvarsförbund förtjänsttecken i guld ) - SLSM ? - Central Board of the National Swedish Rifle Associations silver medal ( Sveriges skytteförbunds överstyrelses silvermedalj ) Foreign . - Finnish War Memorial Medal ( Finsk krigsminnesmedalj ) External links . - Article about Almgrens reading habits | easy |
[
"military commander of the Eastern Military District",
"Commandant General in Stockholm"
] | What position did Carl Eric Almgren take from 1967 to 1969? | /wiki/Carl_Eric_Almgren#P39#2 | Carl Eric Almgren General Carl Eric Åke Almgren ( 4March 1913 – 20May 2001 ) was a Swedish Army officer . Almgren served as Chief of the Defence Staff from 1961 to 1967 , military commander of the Eastern Military District ( Milo Ö ) from 1967 to 1969 and as the Chief of the Army from 1969 to 1976 . Early life . Almgren was born on 4 March 1913 in Linköping , Sweden , the son of captain Carl Almgren and his wife Esther ( née Tell ) . The father , Carl , who derived from a farming family , was a commissioned officer in the Life Grenadier Regiment , where he was among the more prominent representatives of his corps and had several positions both in the regiment and in the city of Linköping . Carl Eric did very well in school and was chairman of the school association . It is said to have been a disappointment for Almgrens teacher that with his striking theoretical endowment did not choose the academic path . Almgren was an avid reader and in 1930 at the age of 17 he read , according to his reading records , 198 books ; ie almost four books per week . Almgren graduated from Linköpings högre allmänna läroverket with exceptionally high grades on 4 June 1931 . A week later he stood as an officer cadet outside the barracks of the Life Grenadier Regiment , the year after his father had resigned . At Military Academy Karlberg , he would have been the top student , if he had not been too outspoken . He graduated third best in his class and at the Royal Swedish Army Staff College he graduated with some of the best grades awarded . Almgren was appointed in April 1934 to officership at Jönköpings-Kalmar Regiment . In 1936 he became a lieutenant and went through the Infantry Officer School . The winter of 1938 to 1939 , he studied Russian on a scholarship in Tallinn . Apart from Russian , he also spoke English , German and French fluently . Career . In October 1939 , Almgren was appointed assistant military attaché in Tallinn , Riga , and Kaunas . With placement in Tallinn , he became interested in the tense global political activities . The Soviet Union invasion in 1940 ended his ability to act as attaché , so he was told to observe the Soviet tanks when they crossed the Estonian border . During the war years he served , among other things , in the war preparedness organized army corps and division staffs and attended the Royal Swedish Army Staff College from 1941 to 1943 . Almgren was promoted to captain in 1942 and was an officer candidate in the General Staff Corps and the captain of the same in 1945 . In the next post-war years , he was placed at the Army Inspectorates Central Department and the Army Staffs Organization Department , while he taught at the Royal Swedish Army Staff College in tactics and staff service and a shorter time at the Swedish Air Force Flying School . In 1949 he was appointed captain of Västernorrland Regiment ( I 21 ) and he was promoted to major in the General Staff Corps in 1951 . Almgren was a teacher at the newly established Swedish National Defence College from 1951 to 1953 and was placed at the Defence Staff and then as head of the Army Staffs Tactics Department . Almgren was promoted lieutenant colonel in the General Staff Corps in 1955 . He was head of the Defence Staffs Army Department , a central post with influence over operational planning and cooperation between the central staffs . He returned to the troop service as training officer in Hälsinge Regiment ( I 14 ) in 1957 and was appointed to colonel and commander of Jämtland Ranger Regiment ( I 5 ) in 1960 . Already the following year in 1961 he took up the post as Chief of the Defence Staff , while also being promoted to major general . In 1966 he was promoted to lieutenant general , and in 1967 he was appointed military commander of the Eastern Military District ( Milo Ö ) , and also the Commandant General in Stockholm . Almgren took office as Chief of the Army on 1 October 1969 and served until 1976 . When he took office the Defence Act of 1968 had just been put into force . Having lost their previous political agreement between the Social Democrats and the centre-right parties , and it was obvious that the Supreme Commanders military and political assessments accorded less importance . The appropriations frame shrank , the fixed mark-up for technological development disappeared , and the carefully calculated price compensation system previously in force was replaced by a less favorable net price index . Among Almgrens contributions during his six years as Chief of the Armys was to improve leadership , staff treatment and training methods , as his predecessor Curt Göransson had initiated and that despite no small resistance pushed through a merger of regiments and defense area staffs ; the provincial regiments thus regained its original role to both coordinate the defense of their own counties and train brigades for national defense . These far-sighted reforms survived , unfortunately , not the so-called restructuring in the 1990s . By the time of his retirement as army chief , he was promoted to general . Other work . Alongside the traditional career had his services been used in numerous investigations and special assignments . Almgren was secretary of the Army Officers Training Committee from 1943 to 1946 , member of the 1948 Air Defense Committee , expert in the committee for voluntary defence in 1949 , expert in the ÖB investigations of 1947 , 1954 , 1957 , 1962 and 1965 , expert in the 1962 Defence Committee and the 1965 Defense Investigation , member of the board of the Swedish Civil Defence League ( Sveriges civilförsvarsförbund ) from 1956 to 1957 , the Total Defences head-board ( Totalförsvaret chefsnämnd ) , the Total Defences information board ( Totalförsvarets upplysningsnämnd ) , the National Singal Security Board ( Statens signalskyddsnämnd ) and the presidium of the Central Association of Society and Defence . Almgren was also a military employee of Stockholms-Tidningen in two periods 1943-1946 and 1952–1954 . During his time as Chief of the Army 1969-1976 he was at the same time chairman of the Swedish Army Museum . He put a great effort in the Fältjägare Association ( Föreningen Fältjägare ) in Stockholm and often attended meetings of the Swedish Military History Commission ( Svenska militärhistoriska kommissionen ) and could occasionally find amusement in the cultural evenings with the Idun Society ( Sällskapet Idun ) . At the military academy Almgren had served as a palace poet . He became an honorary member of the Royal Swedish Society of Naval Sciences and a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of War Sciences in 1952 . Almgren was chairman of the academys Section I , Land Warfare Studies from 1970 to 1975 and was president of the academy from 1969 to 1971 . Later life . In the obituaries Almgren was termed as extraordinarily talented and extremely hardworking . It also appears that he could be perceived as harsh in his criticism of the persons who in his opinion did not measure up . It also emphasizes that he gladly wrote verse that he performed on various occasions . He also had a strong Christian faith . After his resignation he got involved in The Salvation Army . In 1983 he entered the Salvation Armys counsel and worked actively to plan the activities in crisis situations . In the early 1990s , he followed closely the efforts to build the organization in the Baltic states . Among his former colleagues the perception of him was diverse . Lieutenant General Carl Björeman said that when you asked Almgren a question and came up with a proposal that he did not like , you felt as a subordinate officer but still not dejected . The opposite was not unusual . Almgren was for many years an active member of Försvarsfrämjandet , an organization that primarily works with advocacy for a strong defense . Personal life . In 1938 he married Lisa Salomonsson ( 1910–1988 ) , the daughter of Anton Salomonsson and Edla ( née Sköld ) . Almgren was the father of Bo ( born 1943 ) and Åke ( born 1946 ) . Dates of rank . - 1934 – Fänrik - 1936 – Lieutenant - 1942 – Captain - 1951 – Major - 1955 – Lieutenant Colonel - 1960 – Colonel - 1961 – Major General - 1966 – Lieutenant General - 1976 – General Awards and decoration . Swedish . - Commander Grand Cross of the Order of the Sword ( 6 June 1968 ) - Knight of the Order of Vasa - Home Guard Medal of Merit in Gold - Swedish Central Federation for Voluntary Military Training Medal of Merit in silver - Swedish Civil Defence Leagues badge of merit in gold ( Sveriges civilförsvarsförbund förtjänsttecken i guld ) - SLSM ? - Central Board of the National Swedish Rifle Associations silver medal ( Sveriges skytteförbunds överstyrelses silvermedalj ) Foreign . - Finnish War Memorial Medal ( Finsk krigsminnesmedalj ) External links . - Article about Almgrens reading habits | easy |
[
"Chief of the Army"
] | What position did Carl Eric Almgren take from 1969 to 1976? | /wiki/Carl_Eric_Almgren#P39#3 | Carl Eric Almgren General Carl Eric Åke Almgren ( 4March 1913 – 20May 2001 ) was a Swedish Army officer . Almgren served as Chief of the Defence Staff from 1961 to 1967 , military commander of the Eastern Military District ( Milo Ö ) from 1967 to 1969 and as the Chief of the Army from 1969 to 1976 . Early life . Almgren was born on 4 March 1913 in Linköping , Sweden , the son of captain Carl Almgren and his wife Esther ( née Tell ) . The father , Carl , who derived from a farming family , was a commissioned officer in the Life Grenadier Regiment , where he was among the more prominent representatives of his corps and had several positions both in the regiment and in the city of Linköping . Carl Eric did very well in school and was chairman of the school association . It is said to have been a disappointment for Almgrens teacher that with his striking theoretical endowment did not choose the academic path . Almgren was an avid reader and in 1930 at the age of 17 he read , according to his reading records , 198 books ; ie almost four books per week . Almgren graduated from Linköpings högre allmänna läroverket with exceptionally high grades on 4 June 1931 . A week later he stood as an officer cadet outside the barracks of the Life Grenadier Regiment , the year after his father had resigned . At Military Academy Karlberg , he would have been the top student , if he had not been too outspoken . He graduated third best in his class and at the Royal Swedish Army Staff College he graduated with some of the best grades awarded . Almgren was appointed in April 1934 to officership at Jönköpings-Kalmar Regiment . In 1936 he became a lieutenant and went through the Infantry Officer School . The winter of 1938 to 1939 , he studied Russian on a scholarship in Tallinn . Apart from Russian , he also spoke English , German and French fluently . Career . In October 1939 , Almgren was appointed assistant military attaché in Tallinn , Riga , and Kaunas . With placement in Tallinn , he became interested in the tense global political activities . The Soviet Union invasion in 1940 ended his ability to act as attaché , so he was told to observe the Soviet tanks when they crossed the Estonian border . During the war years he served , among other things , in the war preparedness organized army corps and division staffs and attended the Royal Swedish Army Staff College from 1941 to 1943 . Almgren was promoted to captain in 1942 and was an officer candidate in the General Staff Corps and the captain of the same in 1945 . In the next post-war years , he was placed at the Army Inspectorates Central Department and the Army Staffs Organization Department , while he taught at the Royal Swedish Army Staff College in tactics and staff service and a shorter time at the Swedish Air Force Flying School . In 1949 he was appointed captain of Västernorrland Regiment ( I 21 ) and he was promoted to major in the General Staff Corps in 1951 . Almgren was a teacher at the newly established Swedish National Defence College from 1951 to 1953 and was placed at the Defence Staff and then as head of the Army Staffs Tactics Department . Almgren was promoted lieutenant colonel in the General Staff Corps in 1955 . He was head of the Defence Staffs Army Department , a central post with influence over operational planning and cooperation between the central staffs . He returned to the troop service as training officer in Hälsinge Regiment ( I 14 ) in 1957 and was appointed to colonel and commander of Jämtland Ranger Regiment ( I 5 ) in 1960 . Already the following year in 1961 he took up the post as Chief of the Defence Staff , while also being promoted to major general . In 1966 he was promoted to lieutenant general , and in 1967 he was appointed military commander of the Eastern Military District ( Milo Ö ) , and also the Commandant General in Stockholm . Almgren took office as Chief of the Army on 1 October 1969 and served until 1976 . When he took office the Defence Act of 1968 had just been put into force . Having lost their previous political agreement between the Social Democrats and the centre-right parties , and it was obvious that the Supreme Commanders military and political assessments accorded less importance . The appropriations frame shrank , the fixed mark-up for technological development disappeared , and the carefully calculated price compensation system previously in force was replaced by a less favorable net price index . Among Almgrens contributions during his six years as Chief of the Armys was to improve leadership , staff treatment and training methods , as his predecessor Curt Göransson had initiated and that despite no small resistance pushed through a merger of regiments and defense area staffs ; the provincial regiments thus regained its original role to both coordinate the defense of their own counties and train brigades for national defense . These far-sighted reforms survived , unfortunately , not the so-called restructuring in the 1990s . By the time of his retirement as army chief , he was promoted to general . Other work . Alongside the traditional career had his services been used in numerous investigations and special assignments . Almgren was secretary of the Army Officers Training Committee from 1943 to 1946 , member of the 1948 Air Defense Committee , expert in the committee for voluntary defence in 1949 , expert in the ÖB investigations of 1947 , 1954 , 1957 , 1962 and 1965 , expert in the 1962 Defence Committee and the 1965 Defense Investigation , member of the board of the Swedish Civil Defence League ( Sveriges civilförsvarsförbund ) from 1956 to 1957 , the Total Defences head-board ( Totalförsvaret chefsnämnd ) , the Total Defences information board ( Totalförsvarets upplysningsnämnd ) , the National Singal Security Board ( Statens signalskyddsnämnd ) and the presidium of the Central Association of Society and Defence . Almgren was also a military employee of Stockholms-Tidningen in two periods 1943-1946 and 1952–1954 . During his time as Chief of the Army 1969-1976 he was at the same time chairman of the Swedish Army Museum . He put a great effort in the Fältjägare Association ( Föreningen Fältjägare ) in Stockholm and often attended meetings of the Swedish Military History Commission ( Svenska militärhistoriska kommissionen ) and could occasionally find amusement in the cultural evenings with the Idun Society ( Sällskapet Idun ) . At the military academy Almgren had served as a palace poet . He became an honorary member of the Royal Swedish Society of Naval Sciences and a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of War Sciences in 1952 . Almgren was chairman of the academys Section I , Land Warfare Studies from 1970 to 1975 and was president of the academy from 1969 to 1971 . Later life . In the obituaries Almgren was termed as extraordinarily talented and extremely hardworking . It also appears that he could be perceived as harsh in his criticism of the persons who in his opinion did not measure up . It also emphasizes that he gladly wrote verse that he performed on various occasions . He also had a strong Christian faith . After his resignation he got involved in The Salvation Army . In 1983 he entered the Salvation Armys counsel and worked actively to plan the activities in crisis situations . In the early 1990s , he followed closely the efforts to build the organization in the Baltic states . Among his former colleagues the perception of him was diverse . Lieutenant General Carl Björeman said that when you asked Almgren a question and came up with a proposal that he did not like , you felt as a subordinate officer but still not dejected . The opposite was not unusual . Almgren was for many years an active member of Försvarsfrämjandet , an organization that primarily works with advocacy for a strong defense . Personal life . In 1938 he married Lisa Salomonsson ( 1910–1988 ) , the daughter of Anton Salomonsson and Edla ( née Sköld ) . Almgren was the father of Bo ( born 1943 ) and Åke ( born 1946 ) . Dates of rank . - 1934 – Fänrik - 1936 – Lieutenant - 1942 – Captain - 1951 – Major - 1955 – Lieutenant Colonel - 1960 – Colonel - 1961 – Major General - 1966 – Lieutenant General - 1976 – General Awards and decoration . Swedish . - Commander Grand Cross of the Order of the Sword ( 6 June 1968 ) - Knight of the Order of Vasa - Home Guard Medal of Merit in Gold - Swedish Central Federation for Voluntary Military Training Medal of Merit in silver - Swedish Civil Defence Leagues badge of merit in gold ( Sveriges civilförsvarsförbund förtjänsttecken i guld ) - SLSM ? - Central Board of the National Swedish Rifle Associations silver medal ( Sveriges skytteförbunds överstyrelses silvermedalj ) Foreign . - Finnish War Memorial Medal ( Finsk krigsminnesmedalj ) External links . - Article about Almgrens reading habits | easy |
[
"represented Kemper County in the Mississippi House of Representatives"
] | Which position did John J. Pettus hold from 1844 to 1854? | /wiki/John_J._Pettus#P39#0 | John J . Pettus John Jones Pettus ( October 9 , 1813January 25 , 1867 ) was an American politician and lawyer who served as the 23rd Governor of Mississippi , from 1859 to 1863 . Prior to being elected in his own right to full gubernatorial terms in 1859 and 1861 , he served as acting governor from January 5 to 10 , 1854 , following the resignation of Henry S . Foote . A member of the Democratic Party , Pettus had previously been a Mississippi state representative , a member and president of the Mississippi Senate . He strongly supported Mississippis secession from the Union in 1861 and sought cooperation with the Confederate States Government . Early life . John Jones Pettus was born on October 9 , 1813 in Wilson County , Tennessee , to John Jones , a farmer , and his wife Alice Taylor ( née Winston ) Pettus . He was the brother of Edmund Pettus . He was raised in Limestone County , Alabama , after his father moved the family from Tennessee . Only nine when his father died , Pettus helped out with chores and was educated at home by his mother . Pettus settled in Mississippi in 1835 . After a brief stay in Sumter County , Alabama , where he studied law , he opened a law practice in Scooba , Mississippi , where in the 1840s he married a cousin , Permelia Winston . He became a successful farmer and by 1850 owned with twenty-four slaves . Political career . In 1844 , Pettus represented Kemper County in the Mississippi House of Representatives . In 1848 , he was elected to the Mississippi Senate . In 1853 , while Governor Henry S . Foote was waiting for the January 11 inauguration of John J . McRae , Foote grew bitter and angry , addressing the legislative session by announcing that he had considered resigning in protest once the election results came in . At noon at January 5 , 1854 , Footes resignation was received by the state senate . The Mississippi Constitution of 1832 had abolished the office of lieutenant governor . Pettus , as President of the Mississippi Senate , was next in seniority and sworn at noon on January 7 , 1854 . He held the governorship until McRae was sworn in on January 10 , 1854 . His only recorded act during these 120 hours was to order a special session in Noxubee County to fill the office of a deceased state representative , Francis Irby . On January 11 , McRae was inaugurated as Governor and Pettus returned as senate president . During the 1850s , he became identified as the Mississippi Fire-eater , a term referring to Southerners supporting secession . In 1859 , he was elected Governor . In his inaugural address , he said that the souths only way to maintain slavery was secession and called for the establishment of a southern confederacy . Following President Abraham Lincolns election , on November 26 , 1860 , Pettus called for a Special Session of the Legislature and urged the Legislature to call for a convention to withdraw Mississippi from the Union . The Legislature called for a Secession Convention which convened in Jackson on January 7 , 1861 . Two days later , Mississippi officially seceded from the Union . On February 4 , 1861 , along with five other slave states , the Confederate States of America was established at Montgomery , Alabama . Pettus was re-elected in the fall of 1861 . Pettus was succeeded by Charles Clark . Later life . Ineligible under the Mississippi Constitution to run for a third term , Pettus was commissioned a colonel in the state militia . In September 1865 he took the oath of allegiance to the United States government , but failed on three separate occasions to receive a presidential pardon . After the war , he relocated to Pulaski County ( present-day Lonoke County ) , Arkansas . Pettus died on January 25 , 1867 , of pneumonia and is buried in the Flat Bayou Cemetery , Jefferson County , Arkansas . | easy |
[
"Governor of Mississippi"
] | What was the position of John J. Pettus in 1854? | /wiki/John_J._Pettus#P39#1 | John J . Pettus John Jones Pettus ( October 9 , 1813January 25 , 1867 ) was an American politician and lawyer who served as the 23rd Governor of Mississippi , from 1859 to 1863 . Prior to being elected in his own right to full gubernatorial terms in 1859 and 1861 , he served as acting governor from January 5 to 10 , 1854 , following the resignation of Henry S . Foote . A member of the Democratic Party , Pettus had previously been a Mississippi state representative , a member and president of the Mississippi Senate . He strongly supported Mississippis secession from the Union in 1861 and sought cooperation with the Confederate States Government . Early life . John Jones Pettus was born on October 9 , 1813 in Wilson County , Tennessee , to John Jones , a farmer , and his wife Alice Taylor ( née Winston ) Pettus . He was the brother of Edmund Pettus . He was raised in Limestone County , Alabama , after his father moved the family from Tennessee . Only nine when his father died , Pettus helped out with chores and was educated at home by his mother . Pettus settled in Mississippi in 1835 . After a brief stay in Sumter County , Alabama , where he studied law , he opened a law practice in Scooba , Mississippi , where in the 1840s he married a cousin , Permelia Winston . He became a successful farmer and by 1850 owned with twenty-four slaves . Political career . In 1844 , Pettus represented Kemper County in the Mississippi House of Representatives . In 1848 , he was elected to the Mississippi Senate . In 1853 , while Governor Henry S . Foote was waiting for the January 11 inauguration of John J . McRae , Foote grew bitter and angry , addressing the legislative session by announcing that he had considered resigning in protest once the election results came in . At noon at January 5 , 1854 , Footes resignation was received by the state senate . The Mississippi Constitution of 1832 had abolished the office of lieutenant governor . Pettus , as President of the Mississippi Senate , was next in seniority and sworn at noon on January 7 , 1854 . He held the governorship until McRae was sworn in on January 10 , 1854 . His only recorded act during these 120 hours was to order a special session in Noxubee County to fill the office of a deceased state representative , Francis Irby . On January 11 , McRae was inaugurated as Governor and Pettus returned as senate president . During the 1850s , he became identified as the Mississippi Fire-eater , a term referring to Southerners supporting secession . In 1859 , he was elected Governor . In his inaugural address , he said that the souths only way to maintain slavery was secession and called for the establishment of a southern confederacy . Following President Abraham Lincolns election , on November 26 , 1860 , Pettus called for a Special Session of the Legislature and urged the Legislature to call for a convention to withdraw Mississippi from the Union . The Legislature called for a Secession Convention which convened in Jackson on January 7 , 1861 . Two days later , Mississippi officially seceded from the Union . On February 4 , 1861 , along with five other slave states , the Confederate States of America was established at Montgomery , Alabama . Pettus was re-elected in the fall of 1861 . Pettus was succeeded by Charles Clark . Later life . Ineligible under the Mississippi Constitution to run for a third term , Pettus was commissioned a colonel in the state militia . In September 1865 he took the oath of allegiance to the United States government , but failed on three separate occasions to receive a presidential pardon . After the war , he relocated to Pulaski County ( present-day Lonoke County ) , Arkansas . Pettus died on January 25 , 1867 , of pneumonia and is buried in the Flat Bayou Cemetery , Jefferson County , Arkansas . | easy |
[
"Governor of Mississippi"
] | What position did John J. Pettus take from Nov 1859 to Nov 1863? | /wiki/John_J._Pettus#P39#2 | John J . Pettus John Jones Pettus ( October 9 , 1813January 25 , 1867 ) was an American politician and lawyer who served as the 23rd Governor of Mississippi , from 1859 to 1863 . Prior to being elected in his own right to full gubernatorial terms in 1859 and 1861 , he served as acting governor from January 5 to 10 , 1854 , following the resignation of Henry S . Foote . A member of the Democratic Party , Pettus had previously been a Mississippi state representative , a member and president of the Mississippi Senate . He strongly supported Mississippis secession from the Union in 1861 and sought cooperation with the Confederate States Government . Early life . John Jones Pettus was born on October 9 , 1813 in Wilson County , Tennessee , to John Jones , a farmer , and his wife Alice Taylor ( née Winston ) Pettus . He was the brother of Edmund Pettus . He was raised in Limestone County , Alabama , after his father moved the family from Tennessee . Only nine when his father died , Pettus helped out with chores and was educated at home by his mother . Pettus settled in Mississippi in 1835 . After a brief stay in Sumter County , Alabama , where he studied law , he opened a law practice in Scooba , Mississippi , where in the 1840s he married a cousin , Permelia Winston . He became a successful farmer and by 1850 owned with twenty-four slaves . Political career . In 1844 , Pettus represented Kemper County in the Mississippi House of Representatives . In 1848 , he was elected to the Mississippi Senate . In 1853 , while Governor Henry S . Foote was waiting for the January 11 inauguration of John J . McRae , Foote grew bitter and angry , addressing the legislative session by announcing that he had considered resigning in protest once the election results came in . At noon at January 5 , 1854 , Footes resignation was received by the state senate . The Mississippi Constitution of 1832 had abolished the office of lieutenant governor . Pettus , as President of the Mississippi Senate , was next in seniority and sworn at noon on January 7 , 1854 . He held the governorship until McRae was sworn in on January 10 , 1854 . His only recorded act during these 120 hours was to order a special session in Noxubee County to fill the office of a deceased state representative , Francis Irby . On January 11 , McRae was inaugurated as Governor and Pettus returned as senate president . During the 1850s , he became identified as the Mississippi Fire-eater , a term referring to Southerners supporting secession . In 1859 , he was elected Governor . In his inaugural address , he said that the souths only way to maintain slavery was secession and called for the establishment of a southern confederacy . Following President Abraham Lincolns election , on November 26 , 1860 , Pettus called for a Special Session of the Legislature and urged the Legislature to call for a convention to withdraw Mississippi from the Union . The Legislature called for a Secession Convention which convened in Jackson on January 7 , 1861 . Two days later , Mississippi officially seceded from the Union . On February 4 , 1861 , along with five other slave states , the Confederate States of America was established at Montgomery , Alabama . Pettus was re-elected in the fall of 1861 . Pettus was succeeded by Charles Clark . Later life . Ineligible under the Mississippi Constitution to run for a third term , Pettus was commissioned a colonel in the state militia . In September 1865 he took the oath of allegiance to the United States government , but failed on three separate occasions to receive a presidential pardon . After the war , he relocated to Pulaski County ( present-day Lonoke County ) , Arkansas . Pettus died on January 25 , 1867 , of pneumonia and is buried in the Flat Bayou Cemetery , Jefferson County , Arkansas . | easy |
[
"reserves of Auxerre"
] | Which team did the player Thierry Audel belong to from 2006 to 2007? | /wiki/Thierry_Audel#P54#0 | Thierry Audel Thierry Gerard Audel ( born 15 January 1987 ) is a French footballer who plays as a centre back for Brackley Town . He is the cousin of former French footballer Johan Audel . He has played in France , Italy and England ( also spending a brief time on the books of Slovenian club Izola ) . A reserve team player at AJ Auxerre , he spent three years at Italian side Triestina from 2007 to 2010 , and also played on loan at San Marino , before moving on to Pisa . He moved to England in January 2013 to play for Macclesfield Town , before signing with Crewe Alexandra five months later . During his time at Crewe , Audel had two loan spells at Lincoln City . In February 2015 , Audel re-signed for Macclesfield Town , before a summer move to newly relegated Notts County in League Two . In July 2017 , Audel joined Barrow , moving to Welling United a year later . Career . Audel played for the reserves of Auxerre before moving to the Italian Serie B club U.S . Triestina Calcio in 2007 via MNK Izola ( a pure transfer trick or allegedly false accounting ) . He played two Serie B games for Triestina in the 2007–08 season , and spent the 2008–09 season in the Lega Pro Seconda Divisione for San Marino , making 31 appearances . Audel had an unsuccessful trial at Portsmouth in summer 2009 . He moved to A.C . Pisa 1909 of the Lega Pro Prima Divisione in mid-2010 . He made eight appearances in the 2010–11 season and played 23 matches in the 2011–12 campaign . He had a trial with Conference National club Luton Town in December 2012 . The following month he signed a deal with Macclesfield Town . He played 20 games for the Silkmen in the latter half of the 2012–13 season , putting in a number of impressive displays . He did , however , give away a penalty in a 1–0 defeat to Premier League side Wigan Athletic at Moss Rose on 26 January after mistiming a tackle on Callum McManaman . He signed a two-year contract with League One side Crewe Alexandra in June 2013 after manager Steve Davis paid Macclesfield an undisclosed fee . However , he played just five games for the Railwaymen , being sent on two loan spells to Lincoln City , before returning to Macclesfield Town in February 2015 . He then played for newly relegated Notts County in League Two for two seasons . In July 2017 , Audel joined Barrow , moving to Welling United a year later . On 27 June 2019 it was confirmed , that Audel had joined Brackley Town . Style of play . Audel is a defender who can play at centre-back and at right-back . His agent described him as a strong and powerful defender whos good on the ball . Honours . Welling United - London Senior Cup ( 1 ) : 2018–19 | easy |
[
"U.S . Triestina Calcio"
] | Which team did Thierry Audel play for from 2007 to 2008? | /wiki/Thierry_Audel#P54#1 | Thierry Audel Thierry Gerard Audel ( born 15 January 1987 ) is a French footballer who plays as a centre back for Brackley Town . He is the cousin of former French footballer Johan Audel . He has played in France , Italy and England ( also spending a brief time on the books of Slovenian club Izola ) . A reserve team player at AJ Auxerre , he spent three years at Italian side Triestina from 2007 to 2010 , and also played on loan at San Marino , before moving on to Pisa . He moved to England in January 2013 to play for Macclesfield Town , before signing with Crewe Alexandra five months later . During his time at Crewe , Audel had two loan spells at Lincoln City . In February 2015 , Audel re-signed for Macclesfield Town , before a summer move to newly relegated Notts County in League Two . In July 2017 , Audel joined Barrow , moving to Welling United a year later . Career . Audel played for the reserves of Auxerre before moving to the Italian Serie B club U.S . Triestina Calcio in 2007 via MNK Izola ( a pure transfer trick or allegedly false accounting ) . He played two Serie B games for Triestina in the 2007–08 season , and spent the 2008–09 season in the Lega Pro Seconda Divisione for San Marino , making 31 appearances . Audel had an unsuccessful trial at Portsmouth in summer 2009 . He moved to A.C . Pisa 1909 of the Lega Pro Prima Divisione in mid-2010 . He made eight appearances in the 2010–11 season and played 23 matches in the 2011–12 campaign . He had a trial with Conference National club Luton Town in December 2012 . The following month he signed a deal with Macclesfield Town . He played 20 games for the Silkmen in the latter half of the 2012–13 season , putting in a number of impressive displays . He did , however , give away a penalty in a 1–0 defeat to Premier League side Wigan Athletic at Moss Rose on 26 January after mistiming a tackle on Callum McManaman . He signed a two-year contract with League One side Crewe Alexandra in June 2013 after manager Steve Davis paid Macclesfield an undisclosed fee . However , he played just five games for the Railwaymen , being sent on two loan spells to Lincoln City , before returning to Macclesfield Town in February 2015 . He then played for newly relegated Notts County in League Two for two seasons . In July 2017 , Audel joined Barrow , moving to Welling United a year later . On 27 June 2019 it was confirmed , that Audel had joined Brackley Town . Style of play . Audel is a defender who can play at centre-back and at right-back . His agent described him as a strong and powerful defender whos good on the ball . Honours . Welling United - London Senior Cup ( 1 ) : 2018–19 | easy |
[
"San Marino"
] | Which team did the player Thierry Audel belong to from 2008 to 2009? | /wiki/Thierry_Audel#P54#2 | Thierry Audel Thierry Gerard Audel ( born 15 January 1987 ) is a French footballer who plays as a centre back for Brackley Town . He is the cousin of former French footballer Johan Audel . He has played in France , Italy and England ( also spending a brief time on the books of Slovenian club Izola ) . A reserve team player at AJ Auxerre , he spent three years at Italian side Triestina from 2007 to 2010 , and also played on loan at San Marino , before moving on to Pisa . He moved to England in January 2013 to play for Macclesfield Town , before signing with Crewe Alexandra five months later . During his time at Crewe , Audel had two loan spells at Lincoln City . In February 2015 , Audel re-signed for Macclesfield Town , before a summer move to newly relegated Notts County in League Two . In July 2017 , Audel joined Barrow , moving to Welling United a year later . Career . Audel played for the reserves of Auxerre before moving to the Italian Serie B club U.S . Triestina Calcio in 2007 via MNK Izola ( a pure transfer trick or allegedly false accounting ) . He played two Serie B games for Triestina in the 2007–08 season , and spent the 2008–09 season in the Lega Pro Seconda Divisione for San Marino , making 31 appearances . Audel had an unsuccessful trial at Portsmouth in summer 2009 . He moved to A.C . Pisa 1909 of the Lega Pro Prima Divisione in mid-2010 . He made eight appearances in the 2010–11 season and played 23 matches in the 2011–12 campaign . He had a trial with Conference National club Luton Town in December 2012 . The following month he signed a deal with Macclesfield Town . He played 20 games for the Silkmen in the latter half of the 2012–13 season , putting in a number of impressive displays . He did , however , give away a penalty in a 1–0 defeat to Premier League side Wigan Athletic at Moss Rose on 26 January after mistiming a tackle on Callum McManaman . He signed a two-year contract with League One side Crewe Alexandra in June 2013 after manager Steve Davis paid Macclesfield an undisclosed fee . However , he played just five games for the Railwaymen , being sent on two loan spells to Lincoln City , before returning to Macclesfield Town in February 2015 . He then played for newly relegated Notts County in League Two for two seasons . In July 2017 , Audel joined Barrow , moving to Welling United a year later . On 27 June 2019 it was confirmed , that Audel had joined Brackley Town . Style of play . Audel is a defender who can play at centre-back and at right-back . His agent described him as a strong and powerful defender whos good on the ball . Honours . Welling United - London Senior Cup ( 1 ) : 2018–19 | easy |
[
"A.C . Pisa 1909"
] | Thierry Audel played for which team from 2010 to 2012? | /wiki/Thierry_Audel#P54#3 | Thierry Audel Thierry Gerard Audel ( born 15 January 1987 ) is a French footballer who plays as a centre back for Brackley Town . He is the cousin of former French footballer Johan Audel . He has played in France , Italy and England ( also spending a brief time on the books of Slovenian club Izola ) . A reserve team player at AJ Auxerre , he spent three years at Italian side Triestina from 2007 to 2010 , and also played on loan at San Marino , before moving on to Pisa . He moved to England in January 2013 to play for Macclesfield Town , before signing with Crewe Alexandra five months later . During his time at Crewe , Audel had two loan spells at Lincoln City . In February 2015 , Audel re-signed for Macclesfield Town , before a summer move to newly relegated Notts County in League Two . In July 2017 , Audel joined Barrow , moving to Welling United a year later . Career . Audel played for the reserves of Auxerre before moving to the Italian Serie B club U.S . Triestina Calcio in 2007 via MNK Izola ( a pure transfer trick or allegedly false accounting ) . He played two Serie B games for Triestina in the 2007–08 season , and spent the 2008–09 season in the Lega Pro Seconda Divisione for San Marino , making 31 appearances . Audel had an unsuccessful trial at Portsmouth in summer 2009 . He moved to A.C . Pisa 1909 of the Lega Pro Prima Divisione in mid-2010 . He made eight appearances in the 2010–11 season and played 23 matches in the 2011–12 campaign . He had a trial with Conference National club Luton Town in December 2012 . The following month he signed a deal with Macclesfield Town . He played 20 games for the Silkmen in the latter half of the 2012–13 season , putting in a number of impressive displays . He did , however , give away a penalty in a 1–0 defeat to Premier League side Wigan Athletic at Moss Rose on 26 January after mistiming a tackle on Callum McManaman . He signed a two-year contract with League One side Crewe Alexandra in June 2013 after manager Steve Davis paid Macclesfield an undisclosed fee . However , he played just five games for the Railwaymen , being sent on two loan spells to Lincoln City , before returning to Macclesfield Town in February 2015 . He then played for newly relegated Notts County in League Two for two seasons . In July 2017 , Audel joined Barrow , moving to Welling United a year later . On 27 June 2019 it was confirmed , that Audel had joined Brackley Town . Style of play . Audel is a defender who can play at centre-back and at right-back . His agent described him as a strong and powerful defender whos good on the ball . Honours . Welling United - London Senior Cup ( 1 ) : 2018–19 | easy |
[
"Crewe Alexandra"
] | Thierry Audel played for which team from 2013 to 2014? | /wiki/Thierry_Audel#P54#4 | Thierry Audel Thierry Gerard Audel ( born 15 January 1987 ) is a French footballer who plays as a centre back for Brackley Town . He is the cousin of former French footballer Johan Audel . He has played in France , Italy and England ( also spending a brief time on the books of Slovenian club Izola ) . A reserve team player at AJ Auxerre , he spent three years at Italian side Triestina from 2007 to 2010 , and also played on loan at San Marino , before moving on to Pisa . He moved to England in January 2013 to play for Macclesfield Town , before signing with Crewe Alexandra five months later . During his time at Crewe , Audel had two loan spells at Lincoln City . In February 2015 , Audel re-signed for Macclesfield Town , before a summer move to newly relegated Notts County in League Two . In July 2017 , Audel joined Barrow , moving to Welling United a year later . Career . Audel played for the reserves of Auxerre before moving to the Italian Serie B club U.S . Triestina Calcio in 2007 via MNK Izola ( a pure transfer trick or allegedly false accounting ) . He played two Serie B games for Triestina in the 2007–08 season , and spent the 2008–09 season in the Lega Pro Seconda Divisione for San Marino , making 31 appearances . Audel had an unsuccessful trial at Portsmouth in summer 2009 . He moved to A.C . Pisa 1909 of the Lega Pro Prima Divisione in mid-2010 . He made eight appearances in the 2010–11 season and played 23 matches in the 2011–12 campaign . He had a trial with Conference National club Luton Town in December 2012 . The following month he signed a deal with Macclesfield Town . He played 20 games for the Silkmen in the latter half of the 2012–13 season , putting in a number of impressive displays . He did , however , give away a penalty in a 1–0 defeat to Premier League side Wigan Athletic at Moss Rose on 26 January after mistiming a tackle on Callum McManaman . He signed a two-year contract with League One side Crewe Alexandra in June 2013 after manager Steve Davis paid Macclesfield an undisclosed fee . However , he played just five games for the Railwaymen , being sent on two loan spells to Lincoln City , before returning to Macclesfield Town in February 2015 . He then played for newly relegated Notts County in League Two for two seasons . In July 2017 , Audel joined Barrow , moving to Welling United a year later . On 27 June 2019 it was confirmed , that Audel had joined Brackley Town . Style of play . Audel is a defender who can play at centre-back and at right-back . His agent described him as a strong and powerful defender whos good on the ball . Honours . Welling United - London Senior Cup ( 1 ) : 2018–19 | easy |
[
"Lincoln City",
"Macclesfield Town"
] | Which team did Thierry Audel play for from 2014 to 2015? | /wiki/Thierry_Audel#P54#5 | Thierry Audel Thierry Gerard Audel ( born 15 January 1987 ) is a French footballer who plays as a centre back for Brackley Town . He is the cousin of former French footballer Johan Audel . He has played in France , Italy and England ( also spending a brief time on the books of Slovenian club Izola ) . A reserve team player at AJ Auxerre , he spent three years at Italian side Triestina from 2007 to 2010 , and also played on loan at San Marino , before moving on to Pisa . He moved to England in January 2013 to play for Macclesfield Town , before signing with Crewe Alexandra five months later . During his time at Crewe , Audel had two loan spells at Lincoln City . In February 2015 , Audel re-signed for Macclesfield Town , before a summer move to newly relegated Notts County in League Two . In July 2017 , Audel joined Barrow , moving to Welling United a year later . Career . Audel played for the reserves of Auxerre before moving to the Italian Serie B club U.S . Triestina Calcio in 2007 via MNK Izola ( a pure transfer trick or allegedly false accounting ) . He played two Serie B games for Triestina in the 2007–08 season , and spent the 2008–09 season in the Lega Pro Seconda Divisione for San Marino , making 31 appearances . Audel had an unsuccessful trial at Portsmouth in summer 2009 . He moved to A.C . Pisa 1909 of the Lega Pro Prima Divisione in mid-2010 . He made eight appearances in the 2010–11 season and played 23 matches in the 2011–12 campaign . He had a trial with Conference National club Luton Town in December 2012 . The following month he signed a deal with Macclesfield Town . He played 20 games for the Silkmen in the latter half of the 2012–13 season , putting in a number of impressive displays . He did , however , give away a penalty in a 1–0 defeat to Premier League side Wigan Athletic at Moss Rose on 26 January after mistiming a tackle on Callum McManaman . He signed a two-year contract with League One side Crewe Alexandra in June 2013 after manager Steve Davis paid Macclesfield an undisclosed fee . However , he played just five games for the Railwaymen , being sent on two loan spells to Lincoln City , before returning to Macclesfield Town in February 2015 . He then played for newly relegated Notts County in League Two for two seasons . In July 2017 , Audel joined Barrow , moving to Welling United a year later . On 27 June 2019 it was confirmed , that Audel had joined Brackley Town . Style of play . Audel is a defender who can play at centre-back and at right-back . His agent described him as a strong and powerful defender whos good on the ball . Honours . Welling United - London Senior Cup ( 1 ) : 2018–19 | easy |
[
""
] | Sherif Ashraf played for which team from 2004 to 2007? | /wiki/Sherif_Ashraf#P54#0 | Sherif Ashraf Sherif Ashraf Hamid Oqila ( ; born on 1 January 1987 ) is an Egyptian international footballer who plays as a striker . He is known as a prolific goalscorer and is renowned for his mastery of set pieces . Club career . Al-Ahly youth academy . He is a graduate of the Al-Ahly youth academy . He was the top scorer in the history of the Egyptian youth league for seven seasons after scoring over 280 goals . He was close to transfer to Belgian giants Standard Liège together with his teammate Mohamed El Shenawy , however El-Ahly management interfered with the transfer . He became known as a machine scorer when he scored 70 goals in the season 2006–2007 , and was transferred to his clubs arch rivals Zamalek as a free agent after not signing a professional contract with Al-Ahly . Al-Ahly later claimed that Ashraf had signed a contract but the paperwork turned out to be forged . As a result , the Egyptian Football Association placed a 50,000 Egyptian Pounds fine on Al-Ahly . Zamalek SC . Ashraf was the top scorer in his team in the season 2008–2009 with 6 goals . In the Egyptian Premier League he wore number 32 but in 2009-2010 he shifted his shirt number to 4 . El Gouna FC . In 2010 , he signed for El Gouna FC for a transfer fee worth 125,000 Euros , despite his expiring contract with Zamalek . He finished his first season as the teams top-scorer followed by Ahmed Hassan Farag . HJK Helsinki . In order to regain match fitness because the league was postponed in Egypt , he signed for HJK Helsinki in March 2012 , also citing as a reason his desire to attempt a breakthrough in European football . On April 26 , 2012 , Ashraf made his debut for HJK Helsinki against Jaro in a Quarter final Suomen Cup game . On May 9 , 2012 , Ashraf scored his debut goal with the club with a header from a corner kick to make the score 1-0 for his club against FC KooTeePee in the semi-final of the Suomen Cup . FF Jaro . On September 4 , 2012 , Ashraf was loaned out to Veikkausliiga side FF Jaro for the remainder of the season . He scored 3 important goals in the final 3 games of the season and assisted 4 times . He scored his debut goal against JJK . His second and third goals for the club were both historic . He scored the fastest goal in the leagues history ( 11 seconds ) in a 3-3 draw with Mariehamn , and the third was the winning goal against TPS , the goal which kept Jaro in the Veikkausliiga for another season . Sherif was selected in the Veikkausliiga October team of the month . Haras El-Hodood . On February 26 , 2013 , despite an offer from FF Jaro , he joined Haras El-Hodood until the end of the 2012-2013 season . FC Biel-Bienne . On July 18 , 2013 , Sherif Ashraf made a quick comeback to European football joining Swiss Challenge League side FC Biel-Bienne . He took the league by storm , scoring 4 goals in his first 117 minutes on the pitch . El-Gouna . In early 2014 , Ashraf made a surprise move back to Egypt , signing a short-term deal at El Gouna FC . He scored his first goal after less than 15 minutes on the field . In summer 2014 , he renewed his contract at the club . El-Mokawloon and El-Entag El-Harby . Despite strong performances from Ashraf , El-Gounas relegation meant that he had to leave the club . He chose El Mokawloon SC in August 2015 . After managerial changes , he moved on loan to El-Entag El-Harby SC in January 2016 , making his debut against El Mokawloon . International career . International Call-Ups . Ashrafs performances caught the attention of the Egyptian National Team , who gave him his first senior national call-up in the friendly match against Georgia Correct as of 14 January 2013 Honors . with Zamalek . - Egyptian Cup ( 2008 ) with HJK Helsinki . - Finnish Premier League ( 2012 ) | easy |
[
"Zamalek SC"
] | Sherif Ashraf played for which team from 2007 to 2008? | /wiki/Sherif_Ashraf#P54#1 | Sherif Ashraf Sherif Ashraf Hamid Oqila ( ; born on 1 January 1987 ) is an Egyptian international footballer who plays as a striker . He is known as a prolific goalscorer and is renowned for his mastery of set pieces . Club career . Al-Ahly youth academy . He is a graduate of the Al-Ahly youth academy . He was the top scorer in the history of the Egyptian youth league for seven seasons after scoring over 280 goals . He was close to transfer to Belgian giants Standard Liège together with his teammate Mohamed El Shenawy , however El-Ahly management interfered with the transfer . He became known as a machine scorer when he scored 70 goals in the season 2006–2007 , and was transferred to his clubs arch rivals Zamalek as a free agent after not signing a professional contract with Al-Ahly . Al-Ahly later claimed that Ashraf had signed a contract but the paperwork turned out to be forged . As a result , the Egyptian Football Association placed a 50,000 Egyptian Pounds fine on Al-Ahly . Zamalek SC . Ashraf was the top scorer in his team in the season 2008–2009 with 6 goals . In the Egyptian Premier League he wore number 32 but in 2009-2010 he shifted his shirt number to 4 . El Gouna FC . In 2010 , he signed for El Gouna FC for a transfer fee worth 125,000 Euros , despite his expiring contract with Zamalek . He finished his first season as the teams top-scorer followed by Ahmed Hassan Farag . HJK Helsinki . In order to regain match fitness because the league was postponed in Egypt , he signed for HJK Helsinki in March 2012 , also citing as a reason his desire to attempt a breakthrough in European football . On April 26 , 2012 , Ashraf made his debut for HJK Helsinki against Jaro in a Quarter final Suomen Cup game . On May 9 , 2012 , Ashraf scored his debut goal with the club with a header from a corner kick to make the score 1-0 for his club against FC KooTeePee in the semi-final of the Suomen Cup . FF Jaro . On September 4 , 2012 , Ashraf was loaned out to Veikkausliiga side FF Jaro for the remainder of the season . He scored 3 important goals in the final 3 games of the season and assisted 4 times . He scored his debut goal against JJK . His second and third goals for the club were both historic . He scored the fastest goal in the leagues history ( 11 seconds ) in a 3-3 draw with Mariehamn , and the third was the winning goal against TPS , the goal which kept Jaro in the Veikkausliiga for another season . Sherif was selected in the Veikkausliiga October team of the month . Haras El-Hodood . On February 26 , 2013 , despite an offer from FF Jaro , he joined Haras El-Hodood until the end of the 2012-2013 season . FC Biel-Bienne . On July 18 , 2013 , Sherif Ashraf made a quick comeback to European football joining Swiss Challenge League side FC Biel-Bienne . He took the league by storm , scoring 4 goals in his first 117 minutes on the pitch . El-Gouna . In early 2014 , Ashraf made a surprise move back to Egypt , signing a short-term deal at El Gouna FC . He scored his first goal after less than 15 minutes on the field . In summer 2014 , he renewed his contract at the club . El-Mokawloon and El-Entag El-Harby . Despite strong performances from Ashraf , El-Gounas relegation meant that he had to leave the club . He chose El Mokawloon SC in August 2015 . After managerial changes , he moved on loan to El-Entag El-Harby SC in January 2016 , making his debut against El Mokawloon . International career . International Call-Ups . Ashrafs performances caught the attention of the Egyptian National Team , who gave him his first senior national call-up in the friendly match against Georgia Correct as of 14 January 2013 Honors . with Zamalek . - Egyptian Cup ( 2008 ) with HJK Helsinki . - Finnish Premier League ( 2012 ) | easy |
[
"El Gouna FC"
] | Sherif Ashraf played for which team from 2010 to 2012? | /wiki/Sherif_Ashraf#P54#2 | Sherif Ashraf Sherif Ashraf Hamid Oqila ( ; born on 1 January 1987 ) is an Egyptian international footballer who plays as a striker . He is known as a prolific goalscorer and is renowned for his mastery of set pieces . Club career . Al-Ahly youth academy . He is a graduate of the Al-Ahly youth academy . He was the top scorer in the history of the Egyptian youth league for seven seasons after scoring over 280 goals . He was close to transfer to Belgian giants Standard Liège together with his teammate Mohamed El Shenawy , however El-Ahly management interfered with the transfer . He became known as a machine scorer when he scored 70 goals in the season 2006–2007 , and was transferred to his clubs arch rivals Zamalek as a free agent after not signing a professional contract with Al-Ahly . Al-Ahly later claimed that Ashraf had signed a contract but the paperwork turned out to be forged . As a result , the Egyptian Football Association placed a 50,000 Egyptian Pounds fine on Al-Ahly . Zamalek SC . Ashraf was the top scorer in his team in the season 2008–2009 with 6 goals . In the Egyptian Premier League he wore number 32 but in 2009-2010 he shifted his shirt number to 4 . El Gouna FC . In 2010 , he signed for El Gouna FC for a transfer fee worth 125,000 Euros , despite his expiring contract with Zamalek . He finished his first season as the teams top-scorer followed by Ahmed Hassan Farag . HJK Helsinki . In order to regain match fitness because the league was postponed in Egypt , he signed for HJK Helsinki in March 2012 , also citing as a reason his desire to attempt a breakthrough in European football . On April 26 , 2012 , Ashraf made his debut for HJK Helsinki against Jaro in a Quarter final Suomen Cup game . On May 9 , 2012 , Ashraf scored his debut goal with the club with a header from a corner kick to make the score 1-0 for his club against FC KooTeePee in the semi-final of the Suomen Cup . FF Jaro . On September 4 , 2012 , Ashraf was loaned out to Veikkausliiga side FF Jaro for the remainder of the season . He scored 3 important goals in the final 3 games of the season and assisted 4 times . He scored his debut goal against JJK . His second and third goals for the club were both historic . He scored the fastest goal in the leagues history ( 11 seconds ) in a 3-3 draw with Mariehamn , and the third was the winning goal against TPS , the goal which kept Jaro in the Veikkausliiga for another season . Sherif was selected in the Veikkausliiga October team of the month . Haras El-Hodood . On February 26 , 2013 , despite an offer from FF Jaro , he joined Haras El-Hodood until the end of the 2012-2013 season . FC Biel-Bienne . On July 18 , 2013 , Sherif Ashraf made a quick comeback to European football joining Swiss Challenge League side FC Biel-Bienne . He took the league by storm , scoring 4 goals in his first 117 minutes on the pitch . El-Gouna . In early 2014 , Ashraf made a surprise move back to Egypt , signing a short-term deal at El Gouna FC . He scored his first goal after less than 15 minutes on the field . In summer 2014 , he renewed his contract at the club . El-Mokawloon and El-Entag El-Harby . Despite strong performances from Ashraf , El-Gounas relegation meant that he had to leave the club . He chose El Mokawloon SC in August 2015 . After managerial changes , he moved on loan to El-Entag El-Harby SC in January 2016 , making his debut against El Mokawloon . International career . International Call-Ups . Ashrafs performances caught the attention of the Egyptian National Team , who gave him his first senior national call-up in the friendly match against Georgia Correct as of 14 January 2013 Honors . with Zamalek . - Egyptian Cup ( 2008 ) with HJK Helsinki . - Finnish Premier League ( 2012 ) | easy |
[
"Haras El-Hodood"
] | Which team did Sherif Ashraf play for from 2012 to 2013? | /wiki/Sherif_Ashraf#P54#3 | Sherif Ashraf Sherif Ashraf Hamid Oqila ( ; born on 1 January 1987 ) is an Egyptian international footballer who plays as a striker . He is known as a prolific goalscorer and is renowned for his mastery of set pieces . Club career . Al-Ahly youth academy . He is a graduate of the Al-Ahly youth academy . He was the top scorer in the history of the Egyptian youth league for seven seasons after scoring over 280 goals . He was close to transfer to Belgian giants Standard Liège together with his teammate Mohamed El Shenawy , however El-Ahly management interfered with the transfer . He became known as a machine scorer when he scored 70 goals in the season 2006–2007 , and was transferred to his clubs arch rivals Zamalek as a free agent after not signing a professional contract with Al-Ahly . Al-Ahly later claimed that Ashraf had signed a contract but the paperwork turned out to be forged . As a result , the Egyptian Football Association placed a 50,000 Egyptian Pounds fine on Al-Ahly . Zamalek SC . Ashraf was the top scorer in his team in the season 2008–2009 with 6 goals . In the Egyptian Premier League he wore number 32 but in 2009-2010 he shifted his shirt number to 4 . El Gouna FC . In 2010 , he signed for El Gouna FC for a transfer fee worth 125,000 Euros , despite his expiring contract with Zamalek . He finished his first season as the teams top-scorer followed by Ahmed Hassan Farag . HJK Helsinki . In order to regain match fitness because the league was postponed in Egypt , he signed for HJK Helsinki in March 2012 , also citing as a reason his desire to attempt a breakthrough in European football . On April 26 , 2012 , Ashraf made his debut for HJK Helsinki against Jaro in a Quarter final Suomen Cup game . On May 9 , 2012 , Ashraf scored his debut goal with the club with a header from a corner kick to make the score 1-0 for his club against FC KooTeePee in the semi-final of the Suomen Cup . FF Jaro . On September 4 , 2012 , Ashraf was loaned out to Veikkausliiga side FF Jaro for the remainder of the season . He scored 3 important goals in the final 3 games of the season and assisted 4 times . He scored his debut goal against JJK . His second and third goals for the club were both historic . He scored the fastest goal in the leagues history ( 11 seconds ) in a 3-3 draw with Mariehamn , and the third was the winning goal against TPS , the goal which kept Jaro in the Veikkausliiga for another season . Sherif was selected in the Veikkausliiga October team of the month . Haras El-Hodood . On February 26 , 2013 , despite an offer from FF Jaro , he joined Haras El-Hodood until the end of the 2012-2013 season . FC Biel-Bienne . On July 18 , 2013 , Sherif Ashraf made a quick comeback to European football joining Swiss Challenge League side FC Biel-Bienne . He took the league by storm , scoring 4 goals in his first 117 minutes on the pitch . El-Gouna . In early 2014 , Ashraf made a surprise move back to Egypt , signing a short-term deal at El Gouna FC . He scored his first goal after less than 15 minutes on the field . In summer 2014 , he renewed his contract at the club . El-Mokawloon and El-Entag El-Harby . Despite strong performances from Ashraf , El-Gounas relegation meant that he had to leave the club . He chose El Mokawloon SC in August 2015 . After managerial changes , he moved on loan to El-Entag El-Harby SC in January 2016 , making his debut against El Mokawloon . International career . International Call-Ups . Ashrafs performances caught the attention of the Egyptian National Team , who gave him his first senior national call-up in the friendly match against Georgia Correct as of 14 January 2013 Honors . with Zamalek . - Egyptian Cup ( 2008 ) with HJK Helsinki . - Finnish Premier League ( 2012 ) | easy |
[
"FC Biel-Bienne"
] | Which team did the player Sherif Ashraf belong to from 2013 to 2014? | /wiki/Sherif_Ashraf#P54#4 | Sherif Ashraf Sherif Ashraf Hamid Oqila ( ; born on 1 January 1987 ) is an Egyptian international footballer who plays as a striker . He is known as a prolific goalscorer and is renowned for his mastery of set pieces . Club career . Al-Ahly youth academy . He is a graduate of the Al-Ahly youth academy . He was the top scorer in the history of the Egyptian youth league for seven seasons after scoring over 280 goals . He was close to transfer to Belgian giants Standard Liège together with his teammate Mohamed El Shenawy , however El-Ahly management interfered with the transfer . He became known as a machine scorer when he scored 70 goals in the season 2006–2007 , and was transferred to his clubs arch rivals Zamalek as a free agent after not signing a professional contract with Al-Ahly . Al-Ahly later claimed that Ashraf had signed a contract but the paperwork turned out to be forged . As a result , the Egyptian Football Association placed a 50,000 Egyptian Pounds fine on Al-Ahly . Zamalek SC . Ashraf was the top scorer in his team in the season 2008–2009 with 6 goals . In the Egyptian Premier League he wore number 32 but in 2009-2010 he shifted his shirt number to 4 . El Gouna FC . In 2010 , he signed for El Gouna FC for a transfer fee worth 125,000 Euros , despite his expiring contract with Zamalek . He finished his first season as the teams top-scorer followed by Ahmed Hassan Farag . HJK Helsinki . In order to regain match fitness because the league was postponed in Egypt , he signed for HJK Helsinki in March 2012 , also citing as a reason his desire to attempt a breakthrough in European football . On April 26 , 2012 , Ashraf made his debut for HJK Helsinki against Jaro in a Quarter final Suomen Cup game . On May 9 , 2012 , Ashraf scored his debut goal with the club with a header from a corner kick to make the score 1-0 for his club against FC KooTeePee in the semi-final of the Suomen Cup . FF Jaro . On September 4 , 2012 , Ashraf was loaned out to Veikkausliiga side FF Jaro for the remainder of the season . He scored 3 important goals in the final 3 games of the season and assisted 4 times . He scored his debut goal against JJK . His second and third goals for the club were both historic . He scored the fastest goal in the leagues history ( 11 seconds ) in a 3-3 draw with Mariehamn , and the third was the winning goal against TPS , the goal which kept Jaro in the Veikkausliiga for another season . Sherif was selected in the Veikkausliiga October team of the month . Haras El-Hodood . On February 26 , 2013 , despite an offer from FF Jaro , he joined Haras El-Hodood until the end of the 2012-2013 season . FC Biel-Bienne . On July 18 , 2013 , Sherif Ashraf made a quick comeback to European football joining Swiss Challenge League side FC Biel-Bienne . He took the league by storm , scoring 4 goals in his first 117 minutes on the pitch . El-Gouna . In early 2014 , Ashraf made a surprise move back to Egypt , signing a short-term deal at El Gouna FC . He scored his first goal after less than 15 minutes on the field . In summer 2014 , he renewed his contract at the club . El-Mokawloon and El-Entag El-Harby . Despite strong performances from Ashraf , El-Gounas relegation meant that he had to leave the club . He chose El Mokawloon SC in August 2015 . After managerial changes , he moved on loan to El-Entag El-Harby SC in January 2016 , making his debut against El Mokawloon . International career . International Call-Ups . Ashrafs performances caught the attention of the Egyptian National Team , who gave him his first senior national call-up in the friendly match against Georgia Correct as of 14 January 2013 Honors . with Zamalek . - Egyptian Cup ( 2008 ) with HJK Helsinki . - Finnish Premier League ( 2012 ) | easy |
[
"El-Gouna"
] | Which team did Sherif Ashraf play for from 2014 to 2015? | /wiki/Sherif_Ashraf#P54#5 | Sherif Ashraf Sherif Ashraf Hamid Oqila ( ; born on 1 January 1987 ) is an Egyptian international footballer who plays as a striker . He is known as a prolific goalscorer and is renowned for his mastery of set pieces . Club career . Al-Ahly youth academy . He is a graduate of the Al-Ahly youth academy . He was the top scorer in the history of the Egyptian youth league for seven seasons after scoring over 280 goals . He was close to transfer to Belgian giants Standard Liège together with his teammate Mohamed El Shenawy , however El-Ahly management interfered with the transfer . He became known as a machine scorer when he scored 70 goals in the season 2006–2007 , and was transferred to his clubs arch rivals Zamalek as a free agent after not signing a professional contract with Al-Ahly . Al-Ahly later claimed that Ashraf had signed a contract but the paperwork turned out to be forged . As a result , the Egyptian Football Association placed a 50,000 Egyptian Pounds fine on Al-Ahly . Zamalek SC . Ashraf was the top scorer in his team in the season 2008–2009 with 6 goals . In the Egyptian Premier League he wore number 32 but in 2009-2010 he shifted his shirt number to 4 . El Gouna FC . In 2010 , he signed for El Gouna FC for a transfer fee worth 125,000 Euros , despite his expiring contract with Zamalek . He finished his first season as the teams top-scorer followed by Ahmed Hassan Farag . HJK Helsinki . In order to regain match fitness because the league was postponed in Egypt , he signed for HJK Helsinki in March 2012 , also citing as a reason his desire to attempt a breakthrough in European football . On April 26 , 2012 , Ashraf made his debut for HJK Helsinki against Jaro in a Quarter final Suomen Cup game . On May 9 , 2012 , Ashraf scored his debut goal with the club with a header from a corner kick to make the score 1-0 for his club against FC KooTeePee in the semi-final of the Suomen Cup . FF Jaro . On September 4 , 2012 , Ashraf was loaned out to Veikkausliiga side FF Jaro for the remainder of the season . He scored 3 important goals in the final 3 games of the season and assisted 4 times . He scored his debut goal against JJK . His second and third goals for the club were both historic . He scored the fastest goal in the leagues history ( 11 seconds ) in a 3-3 draw with Mariehamn , and the third was the winning goal against TPS , the goal which kept Jaro in the Veikkausliiga for another season . Sherif was selected in the Veikkausliiga October team of the month . Haras El-Hodood . On February 26 , 2013 , despite an offer from FF Jaro , he joined Haras El-Hodood until the end of the 2012-2013 season . FC Biel-Bienne . On July 18 , 2013 , Sherif Ashraf made a quick comeback to European football joining Swiss Challenge League side FC Biel-Bienne . He took the league by storm , scoring 4 goals in his first 117 minutes on the pitch . El-Gouna . In early 2014 , Ashraf made a surprise move back to Egypt , signing a short-term deal at El Gouna FC . He scored his first goal after less than 15 minutes on the field . In summer 2014 , he renewed his contract at the club . El-Mokawloon and El-Entag El-Harby . Despite strong performances from Ashraf , El-Gounas relegation meant that he had to leave the club . He chose El Mokawloon SC in August 2015 . After managerial changes , he moved on loan to El-Entag El-Harby SC in January 2016 , making his debut against El Mokawloon . International career . International Call-Ups . Ashrafs performances caught the attention of the Egyptian National Team , who gave him his first senior national call-up in the friendly match against Georgia Correct as of 14 January 2013 Honors . with Zamalek . - Egyptian Cup ( 2008 ) with HJK Helsinki . - Finnish Premier League ( 2012 ) | easy |
[
"Bohemian kingdom"
] | Which country did Sokołowsko belong to from 1392 to 1525? | /wiki/Sokołowsko#P17#0 | Sokołowsko Sokołowsko ( ) is a village and traditional climatic health resort in Gmina Mieroszów , within Wałbrzych County , Lower Silesian Voivodeship , in south-western Poland . Prior to 1945 it was in Germany . It lies approximately north-east of Mieroszów , south of Wałbrzych , and south-west of the regional capital Wrocław . Geography . Located about north-east of Mieroszów , south of Wałbrzych , and south-west of the regional capital Wrocław , Sokołowsko is the largest village within the Stone Mountains of the Central Sudetes . It is situated in a deep forest-covered hollow traversed by the Sokołowiec and Dziczy streams , at an altitude of above sea level . The border with the town of Meziměstí in the Czech Republic is about in the south . Sokołowsko is surrounded by several forested mountains , predominantly made up from porphyry rocks : Stożek Mały ( ) in the north-west and Masyw Bukowca ( ) in the north-east , as well as Garbatka ( ) in the south-west , Włostowa ( ) in the south and south-east and Radosno ( in the east . The range offers numerous trails for hiking and cross-country skiing in winter . History . It is difficult to indicate the exact foundation date of the village . The area had originally been part of the County of Kłodzko , acquired by Bohemia under Duke Soběslav I in 1137 . His successors of the Přemyslid dynasty became hereditary Bohemian kings by order of Emperor Frederick II in 1212 and promoted the German Ostsiedlung . Sokołowsko was probably founded about 1250 by monks of the Benedictine Order at Police , a filial monastery of Břevnov Abbey in Prague . The first record of Girbrechtsdorff is documented in a 1357 deed itemising the villages within the burgraviate of Radosno castle ( German : Freudenburg ) , that fell to the Piast Duke Bolko II the Small of Świdnica shortly afterwards , whose duchy in turn was finally incorporated as a Silesian fief of the Bohemian crown in 1392 . During the 15th century Görbersdorf had several possessors and suffered from the Hussite Wars . Together with the southern part of the former Duchy of Świdnica the village passed to the Imperial counts of Hoberg ( Hochberg ) at Książ , the later Princes of Pless . With the Bohemian kingdom the area fell to the Habsburg Monarchy in 1526 and was seized by Prussia under King Frederick II in the First Silesian War of 1742 . From 1815 Görbersdorf was part of the Prussian Province of Silesia . Görbersdorf didnt differentiate from neighbouring villages until it was visited in 1849 by Countess Maria von Colomb , a niece of Prussian General Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher . The countess , delighted by the scenery , persuaded her brother-in-law Hermann Brehmer to establish a health resort for consumptive patients . In 1854 she and Brehmer opened the worlds first sanatorium for the treatment of tuberculosis at Görbersdorf . The care included the Priessnitz method of hydrotherapy and also a precursory method of climatic-dietetic treatment was applied . The treatment of consumption practised by Alexander Spengler at Davos , perpetuated by Thomas Manns novel The Magic Mountain , was modelled after Görbersdorf , which at times was called the Silesian Davos , although perhaps Davos should be called the Swiss Görbersdorf . The resort was relatively expensive , but well organised , and before 1888 it had both a post office and phone lines . At the same time the quantity of 730 curates well exceeded the number of inhabitants . Several further sanatoriums were established in the following years and until World War I , Görbersdorf had become popular with guests from all over Europe , who had numerous mansions and even a Russian Orthodox chapel erected . At the beginning of the 20th century Scandinavian guests introduced snow skiing and a ski jumping hill was opened in 1930 . Post World War II . In 1945 Görbersdorf , now belonging to Poland , was named Sokołowsko in honour of the Polish internist Alfred Sokołowski who had been a close co-worker of Hermann Brehmer . The now-called Grunwald sanatorium has continued to operate as a public anti-consumptive resort , while large parts of the facilities decayed . On the initiative of medical director Stanisław Domin the treatment profile was broadened to all kind of lung diseases , later also dementia . The filmmaker Krzysztof Kieślowski , whose father suffered from tuberculosis , spent several years of his youth at Sokołowsko . In the 1970s the settlement was being transformed into Provincial Centre of Winter Sports , but due to lack of resources the project was not completed . Sokołowsko didnt regain its village status until the beginning of the 21st century . In the recent years , some of the mansions were renovated . The Russian Orthodox Archangel Michael chapel has been rebuilt by the Catholic Renovabis organisation . External links . - Sokołowsko official website - Website of PTTK hostel Andrzejówka containing pictures of surroundings , Sokołowsko included | easy |
[
"Prussia"
] | Which country did Sokołowsko belong to from 1526 to 1870? | /wiki/Sokołowsko#P17#1 | Sokołowsko Sokołowsko ( ) is a village and traditional climatic health resort in Gmina Mieroszów , within Wałbrzych County , Lower Silesian Voivodeship , in south-western Poland . Prior to 1945 it was in Germany . It lies approximately north-east of Mieroszów , south of Wałbrzych , and south-west of the regional capital Wrocław . Geography . Located about north-east of Mieroszów , south of Wałbrzych , and south-west of the regional capital Wrocław , Sokołowsko is the largest village within the Stone Mountains of the Central Sudetes . It is situated in a deep forest-covered hollow traversed by the Sokołowiec and Dziczy streams , at an altitude of above sea level . The border with the town of Meziměstí in the Czech Republic is about in the south . Sokołowsko is surrounded by several forested mountains , predominantly made up from porphyry rocks : Stożek Mały ( ) in the north-west and Masyw Bukowca ( ) in the north-east , as well as Garbatka ( ) in the south-west , Włostowa ( ) in the south and south-east and Radosno ( in the east . The range offers numerous trails for hiking and cross-country skiing in winter . History . It is difficult to indicate the exact foundation date of the village . The area had originally been part of the County of Kłodzko , acquired by Bohemia under Duke Soběslav I in 1137 . His successors of the Přemyslid dynasty became hereditary Bohemian kings by order of Emperor Frederick II in 1212 and promoted the German Ostsiedlung . Sokołowsko was probably founded about 1250 by monks of the Benedictine Order at Police , a filial monastery of Břevnov Abbey in Prague . The first record of Girbrechtsdorff is documented in a 1357 deed itemising the villages within the burgraviate of Radosno castle ( German : Freudenburg ) , that fell to the Piast Duke Bolko II the Small of Świdnica shortly afterwards , whose duchy in turn was finally incorporated as a Silesian fief of the Bohemian crown in 1392 . During the 15th century Görbersdorf had several possessors and suffered from the Hussite Wars . Together with the southern part of the former Duchy of Świdnica the village passed to the Imperial counts of Hoberg ( Hochberg ) at Książ , the later Princes of Pless . With the Bohemian kingdom the area fell to the Habsburg Monarchy in 1526 and was seized by Prussia under King Frederick II in the First Silesian War of 1742 . From 1815 Görbersdorf was part of the Prussian Province of Silesia . Görbersdorf didnt differentiate from neighbouring villages until it was visited in 1849 by Countess Maria von Colomb , a niece of Prussian General Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher . The countess , delighted by the scenery , persuaded her brother-in-law Hermann Brehmer to establish a health resort for consumptive patients . In 1854 she and Brehmer opened the worlds first sanatorium for the treatment of tuberculosis at Görbersdorf . The care included the Priessnitz method of hydrotherapy and also a precursory method of climatic-dietetic treatment was applied . The treatment of consumption practised by Alexander Spengler at Davos , perpetuated by Thomas Manns novel The Magic Mountain , was modelled after Görbersdorf , which at times was called the Silesian Davos , although perhaps Davos should be called the Swiss Görbersdorf . The resort was relatively expensive , but well organised , and before 1888 it had both a post office and phone lines . At the same time the quantity of 730 curates well exceeded the number of inhabitants . Several further sanatoriums were established in the following years and until World War I , Görbersdorf had become popular with guests from all over Europe , who had numerous mansions and even a Russian Orthodox chapel erected . At the beginning of the 20th century Scandinavian guests introduced snow skiing and a ski jumping hill was opened in 1930 . Post World War II . In 1945 Görbersdorf , now belonging to Poland , was named Sokołowsko in honour of the Polish internist Alfred Sokołowski who had been a close co-worker of Hermann Brehmer . The now-called Grunwald sanatorium has continued to operate as a public anti-consumptive resort , while large parts of the facilities decayed . On the initiative of medical director Stanisław Domin the treatment profile was broadened to all kind of lung diseases , later also dementia . The filmmaker Krzysztof Kieślowski , whose father suffered from tuberculosis , spent several years of his youth at Sokołowsko . In the 1970s the settlement was being transformed into Provincial Centre of Winter Sports , but due to lack of resources the project was not completed . Sokołowsko didnt regain its village status until the beginning of the 21st century . In the recent years , some of the mansions were renovated . The Russian Orthodox Archangel Michael chapel has been rebuilt by the Catholic Renovabis organisation . External links . - Sokołowsko official website - Website of PTTK hostel Andrzejówka containing pictures of surroundings , Sokołowsko included | easy |
[
"Germany"
] | Which country did Sokołowsko belong to from 1871 to May 1945? | /wiki/Sokołowsko#P17#2 | Sokołowsko Sokołowsko ( ) is a village and traditional climatic health resort in Gmina Mieroszów , within Wałbrzych County , Lower Silesian Voivodeship , in south-western Poland . Prior to 1945 it was in Germany . It lies approximately north-east of Mieroszów , south of Wałbrzych , and south-west of the regional capital Wrocław . Geography . Located about north-east of Mieroszów , south of Wałbrzych , and south-west of the regional capital Wrocław , Sokołowsko is the largest village within the Stone Mountains of the Central Sudetes . It is situated in a deep forest-covered hollow traversed by the Sokołowiec and Dziczy streams , at an altitude of above sea level . The border with the town of Meziměstí in the Czech Republic is about in the south . Sokołowsko is surrounded by several forested mountains , predominantly made up from porphyry rocks : Stożek Mały ( ) in the north-west and Masyw Bukowca ( ) in the north-east , as well as Garbatka ( ) in the south-west , Włostowa ( ) in the south and south-east and Radosno ( in the east . The range offers numerous trails for hiking and cross-country skiing in winter . History . It is difficult to indicate the exact foundation date of the village . The area had originally been part of the County of Kłodzko , acquired by Bohemia under Duke Soběslav I in 1137 . His successors of the Přemyslid dynasty became hereditary Bohemian kings by order of Emperor Frederick II in 1212 and promoted the German Ostsiedlung . Sokołowsko was probably founded about 1250 by monks of the Benedictine Order at Police , a filial monastery of Břevnov Abbey in Prague . The first record of Girbrechtsdorff is documented in a 1357 deed itemising the villages within the burgraviate of Radosno castle ( German : Freudenburg ) , that fell to the Piast Duke Bolko II the Small of Świdnica shortly afterwards , whose duchy in turn was finally incorporated as a Silesian fief of the Bohemian crown in 1392 . During the 15th century Görbersdorf had several possessors and suffered from the Hussite Wars . Together with the southern part of the former Duchy of Świdnica the village passed to the Imperial counts of Hoberg ( Hochberg ) at Książ , the later Princes of Pless . With the Bohemian kingdom the area fell to the Habsburg Monarchy in 1526 and was seized by Prussia under King Frederick II in the First Silesian War of 1742 . From 1815 Görbersdorf was part of the Prussian Province of Silesia . Görbersdorf didnt differentiate from neighbouring villages until it was visited in 1849 by Countess Maria von Colomb , a niece of Prussian General Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher . The countess , delighted by the scenery , persuaded her brother-in-law Hermann Brehmer to establish a health resort for consumptive patients . In 1854 she and Brehmer opened the worlds first sanatorium for the treatment of tuberculosis at Görbersdorf . The care included the Priessnitz method of hydrotherapy and also a precursory method of climatic-dietetic treatment was applied . The treatment of consumption practised by Alexander Spengler at Davos , perpetuated by Thomas Manns novel The Magic Mountain , was modelled after Görbersdorf , which at times was called the Silesian Davos , although perhaps Davos should be called the Swiss Görbersdorf . The resort was relatively expensive , but well organised , and before 1888 it had both a post office and phone lines . At the same time the quantity of 730 curates well exceeded the number of inhabitants . Several further sanatoriums were established in the following years and until World War I , Görbersdorf had become popular with guests from all over Europe , who had numerous mansions and even a Russian Orthodox chapel erected . At the beginning of the 20th century Scandinavian guests introduced snow skiing and a ski jumping hill was opened in 1930 . Post World War II . In 1945 Görbersdorf , now belonging to Poland , was named Sokołowsko in honour of the Polish internist Alfred Sokołowski who had been a close co-worker of Hermann Brehmer . The now-called Grunwald sanatorium has continued to operate as a public anti-consumptive resort , while large parts of the facilities decayed . On the initiative of medical director Stanisław Domin the treatment profile was broadened to all kind of lung diseases , later also dementia . The filmmaker Krzysztof Kieślowski , whose father suffered from tuberculosis , spent several years of his youth at Sokołowsko . In the 1970s the settlement was being transformed into Provincial Centre of Winter Sports , but due to lack of resources the project was not completed . Sokołowsko didnt regain its village status until the beginning of the 21st century . In the recent years , some of the mansions were renovated . The Russian Orthodox Archangel Michael chapel has been rebuilt by the Catholic Renovabis organisation . External links . - Sokołowsko official website - Website of PTTK hostel Andrzejówka containing pictures of surroundings , Sokołowsko included | easy |
[
"Poland"
] | Which country did Sokołowsko belong to from May 1945 to May 1946? | /wiki/Sokołowsko#P17#3 | Sokołowsko Sokołowsko ( ) is a village and traditional climatic health resort in Gmina Mieroszów , within Wałbrzych County , Lower Silesian Voivodeship , in south-western Poland . Prior to 1945 it was in Germany . It lies approximately north-east of Mieroszów , south of Wałbrzych , and south-west of the regional capital Wrocław . Geography . Located about north-east of Mieroszów , south of Wałbrzych , and south-west of the regional capital Wrocław , Sokołowsko is the largest village within the Stone Mountains of the Central Sudetes . It is situated in a deep forest-covered hollow traversed by the Sokołowiec and Dziczy streams , at an altitude of above sea level . The border with the town of Meziměstí in the Czech Republic is about in the south . Sokołowsko is surrounded by several forested mountains , predominantly made up from porphyry rocks : Stożek Mały ( ) in the north-west and Masyw Bukowca ( ) in the north-east , as well as Garbatka ( ) in the south-west , Włostowa ( ) in the south and south-east and Radosno ( in the east . The range offers numerous trails for hiking and cross-country skiing in winter . History . It is difficult to indicate the exact foundation date of the village . The area had originally been part of the County of Kłodzko , acquired by Bohemia under Duke Soběslav I in 1137 . His successors of the Přemyslid dynasty became hereditary Bohemian kings by order of Emperor Frederick II in 1212 and promoted the German Ostsiedlung . Sokołowsko was probably founded about 1250 by monks of the Benedictine Order at Police , a filial monastery of Břevnov Abbey in Prague . The first record of Girbrechtsdorff is documented in a 1357 deed itemising the villages within the burgraviate of Radosno castle ( German : Freudenburg ) , that fell to the Piast Duke Bolko II the Small of Świdnica shortly afterwards , whose duchy in turn was finally incorporated as a Silesian fief of the Bohemian crown in 1392 . During the 15th century Görbersdorf had several possessors and suffered from the Hussite Wars . Together with the southern part of the former Duchy of Świdnica the village passed to the Imperial counts of Hoberg ( Hochberg ) at Książ , the later Princes of Pless . With the Bohemian kingdom the area fell to the Habsburg Monarchy in 1526 and was seized by Prussia under King Frederick II in the First Silesian War of 1742 . From 1815 Görbersdorf was part of the Prussian Province of Silesia . Görbersdorf didnt differentiate from neighbouring villages until it was visited in 1849 by Countess Maria von Colomb , a niece of Prussian General Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher . The countess , delighted by the scenery , persuaded her brother-in-law Hermann Brehmer to establish a health resort for consumptive patients . In 1854 she and Brehmer opened the worlds first sanatorium for the treatment of tuberculosis at Görbersdorf . The care included the Priessnitz method of hydrotherapy and also a precursory method of climatic-dietetic treatment was applied . The treatment of consumption practised by Alexander Spengler at Davos , perpetuated by Thomas Manns novel The Magic Mountain , was modelled after Görbersdorf , which at times was called the Silesian Davos , although perhaps Davos should be called the Swiss Görbersdorf . The resort was relatively expensive , but well organised , and before 1888 it had both a post office and phone lines . At the same time the quantity of 730 curates well exceeded the number of inhabitants . Several further sanatoriums were established in the following years and until World War I , Görbersdorf had become popular with guests from all over Europe , who had numerous mansions and even a Russian Orthodox chapel erected . At the beginning of the 20th century Scandinavian guests introduced snow skiing and a ski jumping hill was opened in 1930 . Post World War II . In 1945 Görbersdorf , now belonging to Poland , was named Sokołowsko in honour of the Polish internist Alfred Sokołowski who had been a close co-worker of Hermann Brehmer . The now-called Grunwald sanatorium has continued to operate as a public anti-consumptive resort , while large parts of the facilities decayed . On the initiative of medical director Stanisław Domin the treatment profile was broadened to all kind of lung diseases , later also dementia . The filmmaker Krzysztof Kieślowski , whose father suffered from tuberculosis , spent several years of his youth at Sokołowsko . In the 1970s the settlement was being transformed into Provincial Centre of Winter Sports , but due to lack of resources the project was not completed . Sokołowsko didnt regain its village status until the beginning of the 21st century . In the recent years , some of the mansions were renovated . The Russian Orthodox Archangel Michael chapel has been rebuilt by the Catholic Renovabis organisation . External links . - Sokołowsko official website - Website of PTTK hostel Andrzejówka containing pictures of surroundings , Sokołowsko included | easy |
[
""
] | Who did Thomas Robert Shannon Broughton work for from 1926 to 1927? | /wiki/Thomas_Robert_Shannon_Broughton#P108#0 | Thomas Robert Shannon Broughton Thomas Robert Shannon Broughton , FBA ( ; 17 February 1900 – 17 September 1993 ) was a Canadian classical scholar and leading Latin prosopographer of the twentieth century . He is especially noted for his definitive three-volume work , Magistrates of the Roman Republic ( 1951-1986 ) . Life and career . Broughton was born in 1900 in Corbetton , Ontario . He attended Victoria College at the University of Toronto . There he received a B.A . in 1921 with honors in classics . He earned his M.A . in 1922 . After studying at the University of Chicago , he was made a Rogers Fellow at Johns Hopkins University , where he received a Ph.D . in Latin in 1928 , having studied under the famed ancient historian Tenney Frank ( 1876-1939 ) . He began his teaching career at Victoria College , Toronto . Broughton would go on to teach at Amherst College , Bryn Mawr College ( 1928-1965 ) and , later , serve as George L . Paddison Professor of Latin at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill ( 1965-1971 ) , where the Library Epigraphy Room , created at his behest , remains a seminal resource . Although he retired from UNC in 1971 ( then aged 71 ) , he would continue to work and advise students until his death in 1993 . In 1931 , he married Annie Leigh Hobson Broughton of Norfolk , Virginia . They had two children , Margaret Broughton Tenney and T . Alan Broughton ( b . 1936 ) , a poet and pianist and professor emeritus of the University of Vermont . Mrs . Broughton died on September 19 , 2005 , in Charleston , South Carolina . Magistrates of the Roman Republic . Broughtons main scholarly work was his massive , three-volume Magistrates of the Roman Republic ( commonly abbreviated MRR ) , published 1951 to 1986 and requiring more than 30 years to complete . The project provides an unparalleled accounting of the names of men elected to office during the Roman Republic and has become a standard reference work . It provides a year-by-year list of all known office-holders , including not only the magistracies of the cursus honorum from consul to quaestor , but also promagistracies and military commands in the provinces , legates ( both official and ad hoc ) , military prefects , priesthoods , and special commissions . Each entry is documented with ancient sources and selected works of modern scholarship . An index by name , listing each mans known offices , appears in volume 2 . In 1953 the Magistrates of the Roman Republic was recognized with the Charles J . Goodwin Awards of Merit from the American Philological Association . Achievements and awards . Broughtons career included a variety of academic appointments and awards : visiting professor at Johns Hopkins University , Simon F . Guggenheim Memorial Foundation Fellow , holder of a Fulbright research grant to Italy and professor in charge of the School of Classical Studies of the American Academy in Rome . Broughton served as president of the American Philological Association and as vice president of the International Federation of Societies of Classical Studies for 10 years . He was a member of the American Philosophical Society , a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences , an honorary member of the Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies , a corresponding member of the German Archaeological Institute and a corresponding Fellow of the British Academy . Three universities awarded him honorary LL.D . degrees : Johns Hopkins University in 1969 , the University of Toronto in 1971 and UNC in 1974 . After Broughtons death in September 1993 , a Colloquium was organised for November 1994 at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in honour of his memory . The papers delivered on this occasion , including those by eminent scholars such as T.P . Wiseman , Erich S . Gruen , and Ernst Badian , later formed the basis of the honorific volume Imperium Sine Fine : T . Robert S . Broughton and the Roman Republic , edited by J . Linderski . Works . - [ dissertation ] The Romanization of Africa Proconsularis ( 1929 , reissued 1968 ) . - 1936 . Was Sallust Fair to Cicero ? Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association 67:34-46 . - Magistrates of the Roman Republic ( 1951-1986 ) . - 1934 . Roman Landholding in Asia Minor . Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association 65:207-239 . - Roman Asia Minor , in Tenney Frank , An Economic Survey of Ancient Rome IV ( 1938 ) - 1946 . Notes on Roman Magistrates . I . The Command of M . Antonius in Cilicia . II . Lucullus Commission and Pompeys Acta . Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association 77:35-43 . - 1991 . Candidates Defeated in Roman Elections : some ancient Roman also-rans Transactions of the American Philological Association 81.4 : 1-64 . Students . - 1969 . Packard , Jane . Official Notices in Livy’s Fourth Decade : Style and Treatment . Ph.D. , Department of Classics , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill . - 1969 . Wade , Donald W . The Roman Auxiliary Units and Camps in Dacia . Ph.D. , Department of Classics , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill - 1971 . Houston , George W . Roman Imperial Administrative Personnel During the Principates of Vespasian and Titus ( AD 69-81 ) . Ph.D. , Department of Classics , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill . - 1973 . Goldsberry , Mary . Sicily and its Cities in Hellenistic and Roman Times . Ph.D. , Department of Classics , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill . - 1974 . Harrison , James Geraty . The Official Priests of Rome in the Reigns of Trajan and Hadrian . Ph.D. , Department of Classics , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill . Sources . - Jerzy Linderski in BDNAC pp . 64–66 . - George W . Houston in J . Linderski ( ed. ) , Imperium Sine Fine : T . Robert S . Broughton and the Roman Republic ( 1996 ) pp . 1–30 , 35–42 . - Brennan , T . Corey , T . Alan Broughton , Ryan C . Fowler , Andrew G . Scott and Kathleen J . Shea ( edd. ) . Autobiography : A scholars life by T . R . S . Broughton ( 1900-1993 ) . Piscataway , N.J. : Gorgias Press , 2008 ( American Journal of Ancient History , n.s. , vol . 5 2006 [ 2008 ] ) . External links . - Volume 1 of The Magistrates of the Roman Republic , hosted by Hathi Trust Digital Library | easy |
[
"Amherst College , Bryn Mawr College"
] | Which employer did Thomas Robert Shannon Broughton work for from 1927 to 1965? | /wiki/Thomas_Robert_Shannon_Broughton#P108#1 | Thomas Robert Shannon Broughton Thomas Robert Shannon Broughton , FBA ( ; 17 February 1900 – 17 September 1993 ) was a Canadian classical scholar and leading Latin prosopographer of the twentieth century . He is especially noted for his definitive three-volume work , Magistrates of the Roman Republic ( 1951-1986 ) . Life and career . Broughton was born in 1900 in Corbetton , Ontario . He attended Victoria College at the University of Toronto . There he received a B.A . in 1921 with honors in classics . He earned his M.A . in 1922 . After studying at the University of Chicago , he was made a Rogers Fellow at Johns Hopkins University , where he received a Ph.D . in Latin in 1928 , having studied under the famed ancient historian Tenney Frank ( 1876-1939 ) . He began his teaching career at Victoria College , Toronto . Broughton would go on to teach at Amherst College , Bryn Mawr College ( 1928-1965 ) and , later , serve as George L . Paddison Professor of Latin at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill ( 1965-1971 ) , where the Library Epigraphy Room , created at his behest , remains a seminal resource . Although he retired from UNC in 1971 ( then aged 71 ) , he would continue to work and advise students until his death in 1993 . In 1931 , he married Annie Leigh Hobson Broughton of Norfolk , Virginia . They had two children , Margaret Broughton Tenney and T . Alan Broughton ( b . 1936 ) , a poet and pianist and professor emeritus of the University of Vermont . Mrs . Broughton died on September 19 , 2005 , in Charleston , South Carolina . Magistrates of the Roman Republic . Broughtons main scholarly work was his massive , three-volume Magistrates of the Roman Republic ( commonly abbreviated MRR ) , published 1951 to 1986 and requiring more than 30 years to complete . The project provides an unparalleled accounting of the names of men elected to office during the Roman Republic and has become a standard reference work . It provides a year-by-year list of all known office-holders , including not only the magistracies of the cursus honorum from consul to quaestor , but also promagistracies and military commands in the provinces , legates ( both official and ad hoc ) , military prefects , priesthoods , and special commissions . Each entry is documented with ancient sources and selected works of modern scholarship . An index by name , listing each mans known offices , appears in volume 2 . In 1953 the Magistrates of the Roman Republic was recognized with the Charles J . Goodwin Awards of Merit from the American Philological Association . Achievements and awards . Broughtons career included a variety of academic appointments and awards : visiting professor at Johns Hopkins University , Simon F . Guggenheim Memorial Foundation Fellow , holder of a Fulbright research grant to Italy and professor in charge of the School of Classical Studies of the American Academy in Rome . Broughton served as president of the American Philological Association and as vice president of the International Federation of Societies of Classical Studies for 10 years . He was a member of the American Philosophical Society , a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences , an honorary member of the Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies , a corresponding member of the German Archaeological Institute and a corresponding Fellow of the British Academy . Three universities awarded him honorary LL.D . degrees : Johns Hopkins University in 1969 , the University of Toronto in 1971 and UNC in 1974 . After Broughtons death in September 1993 , a Colloquium was organised for November 1994 at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in honour of his memory . The papers delivered on this occasion , including those by eminent scholars such as T.P . Wiseman , Erich S . Gruen , and Ernst Badian , later formed the basis of the honorific volume Imperium Sine Fine : T . Robert S . Broughton and the Roman Republic , edited by J . Linderski . Works . - [ dissertation ] The Romanization of Africa Proconsularis ( 1929 , reissued 1968 ) . - 1936 . Was Sallust Fair to Cicero ? Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association 67:34-46 . - Magistrates of the Roman Republic ( 1951-1986 ) . - 1934 . Roman Landholding in Asia Minor . Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association 65:207-239 . - Roman Asia Minor , in Tenney Frank , An Economic Survey of Ancient Rome IV ( 1938 ) - 1946 . Notes on Roman Magistrates . I . The Command of M . Antonius in Cilicia . II . Lucullus Commission and Pompeys Acta . Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association 77:35-43 . - 1991 . Candidates Defeated in Roman Elections : some ancient Roman also-rans Transactions of the American Philological Association 81.4 : 1-64 . Students . - 1969 . Packard , Jane . Official Notices in Livy’s Fourth Decade : Style and Treatment . Ph.D. , Department of Classics , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill . - 1969 . Wade , Donald W . The Roman Auxiliary Units and Camps in Dacia . Ph.D. , Department of Classics , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill - 1971 . Houston , George W . Roman Imperial Administrative Personnel During the Principates of Vespasian and Titus ( AD 69-81 ) . Ph.D. , Department of Classics , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill . - 1973 . Goldsberry , Mary . Sicily and its Cities in Hellenistic and Roman Times . Ph.D. , Department of Classics , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill . - 1974 . Harrison , James Geraty . The Official Priests of Rome in the Reigns of Trajan and Hadrian . Ph.D. , Department of Classics , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill . Sources . - Jerzy Linderski in BDNAC pp . 64–66 . - George W . Houston in J . Linderski ( ed. ) , Imperium Sine Fine : T . Robert S . Broughton and the Roman Republic ( 1996 ) pp . 1–30 , 35–42 . - Brennan , T . Corey , T . Alan Broughton , Ryan C . Fowler , Andrew G . Scott and Kathleen J . Shea ( edd. ) . Autobiography : A scholars life by T . R . S . Broughton ( 1900-1993 ) . Piscataway , N.J. : Gorgias Press , 2008 ( American Journal of Ancient History , n.s. , vol . 5 2006 [ 2008 ] ) . External links . - Volume 1 of The Magistrates of the Roman Republic , hosted by Hathi Trust Digital Library | easy |
[
"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill"
] | Thomas Robert Shannon Broughton was an employee for whom from 1965 to 1970? | /wiki/Thomas_Robert_Shannon_Broughton#P108#2 | Thomas Robert Shannon Broughton Thomas Robert Shannon Broughton , FBA ( ; 17 February 1900 – 17 September 1993 ) was a Canadian classical scholar and leading Latin prosopographer of the twentieth century . He is especially noted for his definitive three-volume work , Magistrates of the Roman Republic ( 1951-1986 ) . Life and career . Broughton was born in 1900 in Corbetton , Ontario . He attended Victoria College at the University of Toronto . There he received a B.A . in 1921 with honors in classics . He earned his M.A . in 1922 . After studying at the University of Chicago , he was made a Rogers Fellow at Johns Hopkins University , where he received a Ph.D . in Latin in 1928 , having studied under the famed ancient historian Tenney Frank ( 1876-1939 ) . He began his teaching career at Victoria College , Toronto . Broughton would go on to teach at Amherst College , Bryn Mawr College ( 1928-1965 ) and , later , serve as George L . Paddison Professor of Latin at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill ( 1965-1971 ) , where the Library Epigraphy Room , created at his behest , remains a seminal resource . Although he retired from UNC in 1971 ( then aged 71 ) , he would continue to work and advise students until his death in 1993 . In 1931 , he married Annie Leigh Hobson Broughton of Norfolk , Virginia . They had two children , Margaret Broughton Tenney and T . Alan Broughton ( b . 1936 ) , a poet and pianist and professor emeritus of the University of Vermont . Mrs . Broughton died on September 19 , 2005 , in Charleston , South Carolina . Magistrates of the Roman Republic . Broughtons main scholarly work was his massive , three-volume Magistrates of the Roman Republic ( commonly abbreviated MRR ) , published 1951 to 1986 and requiring more than 30 years to complete . The project provides an unparalleled accounting of the names of men elected to office during the Roman Republic and has become a standard reference work . It provides a year-by-year list of all known office-holders , including not only the magistracies of the cursus honorum from consul to quaestor , but also promagistracies and military commands in the provinces , legates ( both official and ad hoc ) , military prefects , priesthoods , and special commissions . Each entry is documented with ancient sources and selected works of modern scholarship . An index by name , listing each mans known offices , appears in volume 2 . In 1953 the Magistrates of the Roman Republic was recognized with the Charles J . Goodwin Awards of Merit from the American Philological Association . Achievements and awards . Broughtons career included a variety of academic appointments and awards : visiting professor at Johns Hopkins University , Simon F . Guggenheim Memorial Foundation Fellow , holder of a Fulbright research grant to Italy and professor in charge of the School of Classical Studies of the American Academy in Rome . Broughton served as president of the American Philological Association and as vice president of the International Federation of Societies of Classical Studies for 10 years . He was a member of the American Philosophical Society , a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences , an honorary member of the Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies , a corresponding member of the German Archaeological Institute and a corresponding Fellow of the British Academy . Three universities awarded him honorary LL.D . degrees : Johns Hopkins University in 1969 , the University of Toronto in 1971 and UNC in 1974 . After Broughtons death in September 1993 , a Colloquium was organised for November 1994 at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in honour of his memory . The papers delivered on this occasion , including those by eminent scholars such as T.P . Wiseman , Erich S . Gruen , and Ernst Badian , later formed the basis of the honorific volume Imperium Sine Fine : T . Robert S . Broughton and the Roman Republic , edited by J . Linderski . Works . - [ dissertation ] The Romanization of Africa Proconsularis ( 1929 , reissued 1968 ) . - 1936 . Was Sallust Fair to Cicero ? Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association 67:34-46 . - Magistrates of the Roman Republic ( 1951-1986 ) . - 1934 . Roman Landholding in Asia Minor . Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association 65:207-239 . - Roman Asia Minor , in Tenney Frank , An Economic Survey of Ancient Rome IV ( 1938 ) - 1946 . Notes on Roman Magistrates . I . The Command of M . Antonius in Cilicia . II . Lucullus Commission and Pompeys Acta . Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association 77:35-43 . - 1991 . Candidates Defeated in Roman Elections : some ancient Roman also-rans Transactions of the American Philological Association 81.4 : 1-64 . Students . - 1969 . Packard , Jane . Official Notices in Livy’s Fourth Decade : Style and Treatment . Ph.D. , Department of Classics , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill . - 1969 . Wade , Donald W . The Roman Auxiliary Units and Camps in Dacia . Ph.D. , Department of Classics , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill - 1971 . Houston , George W . Roman Imperial Administrative Personnel During the Principates of Vespasian and Titus ( AD 69-81 ) . Ph.D. , Department of Classics , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill . - 1973 . Goldsberry , Mary . Sicily and its Cities in Hellenistic and Roman Times . Ph.D. , Department of Classics , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill . - 1974 . Harrison , James Geraty . The Official Priests of Rome in the Reigns of Trajan and Hadrian . Ph.D. , Department of Classics , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill . Sources . - Jerzy Linderski in BDNAC pp . 64–66 . - George W . Houston in J . Linderski ( ed. ) , Imperium Sine Fine : T . Robert S . Broughton and the Roman Republic ( 1996 ) pp . 1–30 , 35–42 . - Brennan , T . Corey , T . Alan Broughton , Ryan C . Fowler , Andrew G . Scott and Kathleen J . Shea ( edd. ) . Autobiography : A scholars life by T . R . S . Broughton ( 1900-1993 ) . Piscataway , N.J. : Gorgias Press , 2008 ( American Journal of Ancient History , n.s. , vol . 5 2006 [ 2008 ] ) . External links . - Volume 1 of The Magistrates of the Roman Republic , hosted by Hathi Trust Digital Library | easy |
[
"Great Central Railway"
] | What was the operator of GCR Class 11E from 1913 to Dec 1922? | /wiki/GCR_Class_11E#P137#0 | GCR Class 11E The GCR Class 11E was a type of 4-4-0 steam locomotive used by the Great Central Railway for express passenger services . Ten were built in the railways own workshops at Gorton , Manchester during 1913 ; they remained in service until the mid-1950s . History . In the early part of the 20th century , the Great Central Railway ( GCR ) had favoured the 4-4-0 wheel arrangement for express passenger services . They had bought 40 such locomotives to the design of their Locomotive Engineer , John G . Robinson ( Robinson became Chief Mechanical Engineer in 1902 ) , between 1901 and 1904 , and these formed class 11B . These were found to be too small , and subsequently several classes of 4-4-2 and 4-6-0 locomotive were introduced for express passenger trains , with the 4-4-2 type predominating . After the class 1 4-6-0 , which were larger than any of the others , proved disappointing , Robinson decided to reduce the size of these and designed a 4-4-0 which became Class 11E . Ten were built in 1913 , and were immediately successful . Compared to the class 1 4-6-0 , the omission of one coupled axle allowed a longer wheelbase between two adjacent axles of a 4-4-0 than with the 4-6-0 , so the firebox could be positioned between the axles instead of on top of one of them ; thus it could be deeper , giving better draughting which aided steaming . The shorter overall length meant that the boiler tubes were shorter , which also improved draughting . Unusually , outside admission was used for the piston valves of the cylinders . Conventionally , piston valve locomotives had inside admission , whereas outside admission was used with slide valve locomotives . Outside admission gives a shorter exhaust passage , with the consequent advantages of a lower back pressure and sharper blast , but with the disadvantage that the valve spindle glands must be made to withstand much higher pressures and temperatures . Robinson had previously used outside admission for his class 11D rebuilds from class 11B , and the new class 11E used the same cylinder casting as those rebuilds . When further 4-4-0s of similar capability to class 11E were required after World War I , these were given normal cylinders with inside admission for the piston valves , and so were placed in class 11F . Withdrawal occurred between March 1953 and November 1955 . Accidents and incidents . On 27 February 1927 , locomotive No . 5437 Prince George was hauling an express passenger train that was involved in a collision with a light engine at Yorkshire . Numbers and names . The original names were those of directors of the GCR ; Sir Alexander Henderson was the Chairman of the Board , and William Purdon Viccars was Deputy Chairman . At the time , there were twelve members of the GCR Board ; of these , two ( Viscount Cross and Sir Alexander Henderson ) already had locomotives named after them . However , the latters name was removed from class 11B no . 1014 and used on class 11E no . 429 , so one director was not honoured at this stage ; this was rectified the following year when class 1A 4-6-0 no . 439 was named Sutton Nelthorpe . Two locomotives had their names altered subsequently , one of them twice . Sir Alexander Henderson was created Baron Faringdon in 1916 , but his new name was used on a class 9P 4-6-0 , so in 1917 no . 429 was renamed Sir Douglas Haig after the Commander-in-Chief of the British Expeditionary Force . In turn , Sir Douglas was created Earl Haig in 1919 and his new name used on another class 9P 4-6-0 , so no . 429 was renamed a second time , becoming Prince Henry after the fourth child of King George V . When Charles Stuart-Wortley was raised to the peerage as Baron Stuart of Wortley in 1917 , his name was used on a further class 9P , so no . 437 was renamed Prince George after the fifth child of King George V . After the 1923 Grouping , the LNER increased the GCR numbers by 5000 , this occurring in 1924–5 . Under the 1946 renumbering , they became 2650–9 in the same order . During 1948–50 , British Railways increased these numbers by 60000 . | easy |
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