Title: wetten.nl - Regeling - Radioreglement 1979 - BWBV0006764

Source: https://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBV0006764/

Content:
{"title": "wetten.nl - Regeling - Radioreglement 1979 - BWBV0006764", "content": "Radioreglement 1979\n\nPreamble\n\n0.1 These Regulations are founded on the following principles:\n\n0.2 Members1 shall endeavour to limit the number of frequencies and the spectrum used to the minimum\n                                       essential to provide in a satisfactory manner the necessary services. To that end,\n                                       they shall endeavour to apply the latest technical advances as soon as possible (No.\n                                       195\u00a0of the Constitution of the International Telecommunication Union (Geneva, 1992)).\n\n0.3 In using frequency bands for radio services, Members shall bear in mind that radio\n                                       frequencies and any associated orbits, including the geostationary-satellite orbit\n                                       are limited natural resources and that they must be used rationally, efficiently and\n                                       economically, in conformity with the provisions of these Regulations, so that countries\n                                       or groups of countries may have equitable access to those orbits and frequencies,\n                                       taking into account the special needs of the developing countries and the geographical\n                                       situation of particular countries (No. 196\u00a0of the Constitution).\n\n0.4 All stations, whatever their purpose, must be established and operated in such a\n                                       manner as not to cause harmful interference to the radio services or communications\n                                       of other Members or of recognized operating agencies, or of other duly authorized\n                                       operating agencies which carry on a radio service, and which operate in accordance\n                                       with the provisions of these Regulations (No. 197\u00a0of the Constitution).\n\n0.5 With a view to fulfilling the purposes of the International Telecommunication Union\n                                       set out in Article 1\u00a0of the Constitution, these Regulations have the following objectives:\n\n0.6 to facilitate equitable access to and rational use of the natural resources of the\n                                       radio-frequency spectrum and the geostationary-satellite orbit;\n\n0.7 to ensure the availability and protection from harmful interference of the frequencies\n                                       provided for distress and safety purposes;\n\n0.8 to assist in the prevention and resolution of cases of harmful interference between\n                                       the radio services of different administrations;\n\n0.9 to facilitate the efficient and effective operation of all radiocommunication services;\n\n0.10 to provide for and, where necessary, regulate new applications of radiocommunication\n                                       technology.\n\n0.11 The application of the provisions of these Regulations by the International Telecommunication\n                                       Union does not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Union\n                                       concerning the sovereignty or the legal status of any country, territory or geographical\n                                       area.\n\nIntroduction\n\n1.1 For the purposes of these Regulations, the following terms shall have the meanings\n                                          defined below. These terms and definitions do not, however, necessarily apply for\n                                          other purposes. Definitions identical to those contained in the Annex to the Constitution\n                                          or the Annex to the Convention of the International Telecommunication Union (Geneva,\n                                          1992) are marked \u201c(CS)\u201d or \u201c(CV)\u201d respectively.\n\nNOTE \u2013 If, in the text of a definition below, a term is printed in italics, this means\n                                          that the term itself is defined in this Article.\n\nSection I \u2013 General terms\n\n1.2\n administration: Any governmental department or service responsible for discharging the obligations\n                                          undertaken in the Constitution of the International Telecommunication Union, in the\n                                          Convention of the International Telecommunication Union and in the Administrative\n                                          Regulations (CS 1002).\n\n1.3\n telecommunication: Any transmission, emission or reception of signs, signals, writings, images and sounds or intelligence of any\n                                          nature by wire, radio, optical or other electromagnetic systems (CS).\n\n1.4\n radio: A general term applied to the use of radio waves.\n\n1.5\n radio waves or hertzian waves: Electromagnetic waves of frequencies arbitrarily lower than 3\u00a0000\u00a0GHz, propagated\n                                          in space without artificial guide.\n\n1.6\n radiocommunication: Telecommunication by means of radio waves (CS) (CV).\n\n1.7\n terrestrial radiocommunication: Any radiocommunication other than space radiocommunication or radio astronomy.\n\n1.8\n space radiocommunication: Any radiocommunication involving the use of one or more space stations or the use of one or more reflecting satellites or other objects in space.\n\n1.9\n radiodetermination: The determination of the position, velocity and/or other characteristics of an object,\n                                          or the obtaining of information relating to these parameters, by means of the propagation\n                                          properties of radio waves.\n\n1.10\n radionavigation: Radiodetermination used for the purposes of navigation, including obstruction warning.\n\n1.11\n radiolocation: Radiodetermination used for purposes other than those of radionavigation.\n\n1.12\n radio direction-finding: Radiodetermination using the reception of radio waves for the purpose of determining\n                                          the direction of a station or object.\n\n1.13\n radio astronomy: Astronomy based on the reception of radio waves of cosmic origin.\n\n1.14\n Coordinated Universal Time (UTC): Time scale, based on the second (SI), as described in Resolution 655\u00a0(WRC-15). (WRC-15)\n\n1.15\n industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) applications (of radio frequency energy): Operation of equipment or appliances designed to generate\n                                          and use locally radio frequency energy for industrial, scientific, medical, domestic\n                                          or similar purposes, excluding applications in the field of telecommunications.\n\nSection II \u2013 Specific terms related to frequency management\n\n1.16\n allocation (of a frequency band): Entry in the Table of Frequency Allocations of a given frequency\n                                          band for the purpose of its use by one or more terrestrial or space radiocommunication services or the radio astronomy service under specified conditions. This term shall also be applied to the frequency band\n                                          concerned.\n\n1.17\n allotment (of a radio frequency or radio frequency channel): Entry of a designated frequency\n                                          channel in an agreed plan, adopted by a competent conference, for use by one or more\n                                          administrations for a terrestrial or space radiocommunication service in one or more identified countries or geographical areas and under specified conditions.\n\n1.18\n assignment (of a radio frequency or radio frequency channel): Authorization given by an administration for a radio station to use a radio frequency or radio frequency channel under specified conditions.\n\nSection III \u2013 Radio services\n\n1.19\n radiocommunication service: A service as defined in this Section involving the transmission, emission and/or reception of radio waves for specific telecommunication purposes.\n\nIn these Regulations, unless otherwise stated, any radiocommunication service relates\n                                          to terrestrial radiocommunication.\n\n1.20\n fixed service: A radiocommunication service between specified fixed points.\n\n1.21\n fixed-satellite service: A radiocommunication service between earth stations at given positions, when one or more satellites are used; the given position may be a specified fixed point or any fixed point within\n                                          specified areas; in some cases this service includes satellite-to-satellite links,\n                                          which may also be operated in the inter-satellite service; the fixed-satellite service may also include feeder links for other space radiocommunication services.\n\n1.22\n inter-satellite service: A radiocommunication service providing links between artificial satellites.\n\n1.23\n space operation service: A radiocommunication service concerned exclusively with the operation of spacecraft, in particular space tracking, space telemetry and space telecommand.\n\nThese functions will normally be provided within the service in which the space station is operating.\n\n1.24\n mobile service: A radiocommunication service between mobile and landstations, or between mobile stations (CV).\n\n1.25\n mobile-satellite service: A radiocommunication service:\n\n\u2013 between mobile earth stations and one or more space stations, or between space stations used by this service; or\n\n\u2013 between mobile earth stations by means of one or more space stations.\n\nThis service may also include feeder links necessary for its operation.\n\n1.26\n land mobile service: A mobile service between base stations and land mobile stations, or between land mobile stations.\n\n1.27\n land mobile-satellite service: A mobile-satellite service in which mobile earth stations are located on land.\n\n1.28\n maritime mobile service: A mobile service between coast stations and ship stations, or between ship stations, or between associated on-board communication stations; survival craft stations and emergency position-indicating radiobeacon stations may also participate in this service.\n\n1.29\n maritime mobile-satellite service: A mobile-satellite service in which mobile earthstations are located on board ships; survival craft stations and emergency position-indicating radiobeacon stations may also participate in this service.\n\n1.30\n port operations service: A maritime mobile service in or near a port, between coast stations and ship stations, or between ship stations, in which messages are restricted to those relating to the operational handling,\n                                          the movement and the safety of ships and, in emergency, to the safety of persons.\n\nMessages which are of a public correspondence nature shall be excluded from this service.\n\n1.31\n ship movement service: A safety service in the maritime mobile service other than a port operations service, between coast stations and ship stations, or between ship stations, in which messages are restricted to those relating to the movement of ships.\n\nMessages which are of a public correspondence nature shall be excluded from this service.\n\n1.32\n aeronautical mobile service: A mobile service between aeronautical stations and aircraft stations, or between aircraft stations, in which survival craft stations may participate; emergency position-indicating radiobeacon stations may also participate in this service on designated distress and emergency frequencies.\n\n1.33\n aeronautical mobile (R)\n2\u00a0service: An aeronautical mobile service reserved for communications relating to safety and regularity of flight, primarily\n                                          along national or international civil air routes.\n\n1.34\n aeronautical mobile (OR)\n3\u00a0service: An aeronautical mobile service intended for communications, including those relating to flight coordination, primarily\n                                          outside national or international civil air routes.\n\n1.35\n aeronautical mobile-satellite\nservice: A mobile-satellite service in which mobile earth stations are located on board aircraft; survival craft stations and emergency position-indicating radiobeacon stations may also participate in this service.\n\n1.36\n aeronautical mobile-satellite (R)\n4\u00a0service: An aeronautical mobile-satellite service reserved for communications relating to safety and regularity of flights, primarily\n                                          along national or international civil air routes.\n\n1.37\n aeronautical mobile-satellite (OR)\n5\u00a0service: An aeronautical mobile-satellite service intended for communications, including those relating to flight coordination, primarily\n                                          outside national and international civil air routes.\n\n1.38\n broadcasting service: A radiocommunication service in which the transmissions are intended for direct reception by the general public.\n                                          This service may include sound transmissions, television transmissions or other types of transmission (CS).\n\n1.39\n broadcasting-satellite service: A radiocommunication service in which signals transmitted or retransmitted by space stations are intended for direct reception by the general public.\n\nIn the broadcasting-satellite service, the term \u201cdirect reception\u201d shall encompass\n                                          both individual reception and community reception.\n\n1.40\n radiodetermination service: A radiocommunication service for the purpose of radiodetermination.\n\n1.41\n radiodetermination-satellite service: A radiocommunication service for the purpose of radiodetermination involving the use of one or more space stations.\n\nThis service may also include feeder links necessary for its own operation.\n\n1.42\n radionavigation service: A radiodetermination service for the purpose of radionavigation.\n\n1.43\n radionavigation-satellite service: A radiodetermination-satellite service used for the purpose of radionavigation.\n\nThis service may also include feeder links necessary for its operation.\n\n1.44\n maritime radionavigation service: A radionavigation service intended for the benefit and for the safe operation of ships.\n\n1.45\n maritime radionavigation-satellite service: A radionavigation-satellite service in which earth stations are located on board ships.\n\n1.46\n aeronautical radionavigation service: A radionavigation service intended for the benefit and for the safe operation of aircraft.\n\n1.47\n aeronautical radionavigation-satellite service: A radionavigation-satellite service in which earthstations are located on board aircraft.\n\n1.48\n radiolocation service: A radiodetermination service for the purpose of radiolocation.\n\n1.49\n radiolocation-satellite service: A radiodetermination-satellite service used for the purpose of radiolocation.\n\nThis service may also include the feeder links necessary for its operation.\n\n1.50\n meteorological aids service: A radiocommunication service used for meteorological, including hydrological, observations and exploration.\n\n1.51\n Earth exploration-satellite service: A radiocommunication service between earth stations and one or more space stations, which may include links between space stations, in which:\n\n\u2013 information relating to the characteristics of the Earth and its natural phenomena,\n                                                including data relating to the state of the environment, is obtained from active sensors or passive sensors on Earth satellites;\n\n\u2013 similar information is collected from airborne or Earth-based platforms;\n\n\u2013 such information may be distributed to earth stations within the system concerned;\n\n\u2013 platform interrogation may be included.\n\nThis service may also include feeder links necessary for its operation.\n\n1.52\n meteorological-satellite service: An earth exploration-satellite service for meteorological purposes.\n\n1.53\n standard frequency and time signal service: A radiocommunication service for scientific, technical and other purposes, providing the transmission of specified\n                                          frequencies, time signals, or both, of stated high precision, intended for general\n                                          reception.\n\n1.54\n standard frequency and time signal-satellite service: A radiocommunication service using space stations on earth satellites for the same purposes as those of the standard frequency and time signal service.\n\nThis service may also include feeder links necessary for its operation.\n\n1.55\n space research service: A radiocommunication service in which spacecraft or other objects in space are used for scientific or technological research purposes.\n\n1.56\n amateur service: A radiocommunication service for the purpose of self-training, intercommunication and technical investigations\n                                          carried out by amateurs, that is, by duly authorized persons interested in radio technique\n                                          solely with a personal aim and without pecuniary interest.\n\n1.57\n amateur-satellite service: A radiocommunication service using space stations on earth satellites for the same purposes as those of the amateur service.\n\n1.58\n radio astronomy service: A service involving the use of radio astronomy.\n\n1.59\n safety service: Any radiocommunication service used permanently or temporarily for the safeguarding of human life and property.\n\n1.60\n special service: A radiocommunication service, not otherwise defined in this Section, carried on exclusively for specific needs\n                                          of general utility, and not open to public correspondence.\n\nSection IV \u2013 Radio stations and systems\n\n1.61\n station: One or more transmitters or receivers or a combination of transmitters and receivers,\n                                          including the accessory equipment, necessary at one location for carrying on a radiocommunication service, or the radio astronomy service.\n\nEach station shall be classified by the service in which it operates permanently or\n                                          temporarily.\n\n1.62\n terrestrial station: A station effecting terrestrial radiocommunication.\n\nIn these Regulations, unless otherwise stated, any station is a terrestrial station.\n\n1.63\n earth station: A station located either on the Earth\u2019s surface or within the major portion of the Earth\u2019s\n                                          atmosphere and intended for communication:\n\n\u2013 with one or more space stations; or\n\n\u2013 with one or more stations of the same kind by means of one or more reflecting satellites or other objects in space.\n\n1.64\n space station: A station located on an object which is beyond, is intended to go beyond, or has been beyond,\n                                          the major portion of the Earth\u2019s atmosphere.\n\n1.65\n survival craft station: A mobile station in the maritime mobile service or the aeronautical mobile service intended solely for survival purposes and located on any lifeboat, life-raft or other\n                                          survival equipment.\n\n1.66\n fixed station: A station in the fixed service.\n\n1.66A\n high altitude platform station: A station located on an object at an altitude of 20\u00a0to 50\u00a0km and at a specified, nominal, fixed\n                                          point relative to the Earth.\n\n1.67\n mobile station: A station in the mobile service intended to be used while in motion or during halts at unspecified points.\n\n1.68\n mobile earth station: An earth station in the mobile-satellite service intended to be used while in motion or during halts at unspecified points.\n\n1.69\n land station: A station in the mobile service not intended to be used while in motion.\n\n1.70\n land earth station: An earth station in the fixed-satellite service or, in some cases, in the mobile-satellite service, located at a specified fixed point or within a specified area on land to provide\n                                          a feeder link for the mobile-satellite service.\n\n1.71\n base station: A land station in the land mobile service.\n\n1.72\n base earth station: An earth station in the fixed-satellite service or, in some cases, in the land mobile-satellite service, located at a specified fixed point or within a specified area on land to provide\n                                          a feeder link for the land mobile-satellite service.\n\n1.73\n land mobile station: A mobile station in the land mobile service capable of surface movement within the geographical limits of a country or continent.\n\n1.74\n land mobile earth station: A mobile earth station in the land mobile-satellite service capable of surface movement within the geographical limits of a country or continent.\n\n1.75\n coast station: A land station in the maritime mobile service.\n\n1.76\n coast earth station: An earth station in the fixed-satellite service or, in some cases, in the maritime mobile-satellite service, located at a specified fixed point on land to provide a feeder link for the maritime mobile-satellite service.\n\n1.77\n ship station: A mobile station in the maritime mobile service located on board a vessel which is not permanently moored, other than a survival craft station.\n\n1.78\n ship earth station: A mobile earth station in the maritime mobile-satellite service located on board ship.\n\n1.79\n on-board communication station: A low-powered mobile station in the maritime mobile service intended for use for internal communications on board a ship, or between a ship and\n                                          its lifeboats and life-rafts during lifeboat drills or operations, or for communication\n                                          within a group of vessels being towed or pushed, as well as for line handling and\n                                          mooring instructions.\n\n1.80\n port station: A coast station in the port operations service.\n\n1.81\n aeronautical station: A land station in the aeronautical mobile service.\n\nIn certain instances, an aeronautical station may be located, for example, on board\n                                          ship or on a platform at sea.\n\n1.82\n aeronautical earth station: An earth station in the fixed-satellite service, or, in some cases, in the aeronautical mobile-satellite service, located at a specified fixed point on land to provide a feeder link for the aeronautical mobile-satellite service.\n\n1.83\n aircraft station: A mobile station in the aeronautical mobile service, other than a survival craft station, located on board an aircraft.\n\n1.84\n aircraft earth station: A mobile earth station in the aeronautical mobile-satellite service located on board an aircraft.\n\n1.85\n broadcasting station: A station in the broadcasting service.\n\n1.86\n radiodetermination station: A station in the radiodetermination service.\n\n1.87\n radionavigation mobile station: A station in the radionavigation service intended to be used while in motion or during halts at unspecified points.\n\n1.88\n radionavigation land station: A station in the radionavigation service not intended to be used while in motion.\n\n1.89\n radiolocation mobile station: A station in the radiolocation service intended to be used while in motion or during halts at unspecified points.\n\n1.90\n radiolocation land station: A station in the radiolocation service not intended to be used while in motion.\n\n1.91\n radio direction-finding station: A radiodetermination station using radio direction-finding.\n\n1.92\n radiobeacon station: A station in the radionavigation service the emissions of which are intended to enable a mobile station to determine its bearing or direction in relation to the radiobeacon station.\n\n1.93\n emergency position-indicating radiobeacon station: A station in the mobile service the emissions of which are intended to facilitate search and rescue operations.\n\n1.94\n satellite emergency position-indicating radiobeacon: An earth station in the mobile-satellite service the emissions of which are intended to facilitate search and rescue operations.\n\n1.95\n standard frequency and time signal station: A station in the standard frequency and time signal service.\n\n1.96\n amateur station: A station in the amateur service.\n\n1.97\n radio astronomy station: A station in the radio astronomy service.\n\n1.98\n experimental station: A station utilizing radio waves in experiments with a view to the development of science or technique.\n\nThis definition does not include amateur stations.\n\n1.99\n ship\u2019s emergency transmitter: A ship\u2019s transmitter to be used exclusively on a distress frequency for distress,\n                                          urgency or safety purposes.\n\n1.100\n radar: A radiodetermination system based on the comparison of reference signals with radio signals reflected,\n                                          or retransmitted, from the position to be determined.\n\n1.101\n primary radar: A radiodetermination system based on the comparison of reference signals with radio signals reflected\n                                          from the position to be determined.\n\n1.102\n secondary radar: A radiodetermination system based on the comparison of reference signals with radio signals retransmitted\n                                          from the position to be determined.\n\n1.103\n radar beacon (racon): A transmitter-receiver associated with a fixed navigational mark which, when triggered\n                                          by a radar, automatically returns a distinctive signal which can appear on the display of the\n                                          triggering radar, providing range, bearing and identification information.\n\n1.104\n instrument landing system (ILS): A radionavigation system which provides aircraft with horizontal and vertical guidance just before\n                                          and during landing and, at certain fixed points, indicates the distance to the reference\n                                          point of landing.\n\n1.105\n instrument landing system localizer: A system of horizontal guidance embodied in the instrument landing system which indicates the horizontal deviation of the aircraft from its optimum path of\n                                          descent along the axis of the runway.\n\n1.106\n instrument landing system glide path: A system of vertical guidance embodied in the instrument landing system which indicates the vertical deviation of the aircraft from its optimum path of descent.\n\n1.107\n marker beacon: A transmitter in the aeronautical radionavigation service which radiates vertically a distinctive pattern for providing position information\n                                          to aircraft.\n\n1.108\n radio altimeter: Radionavigation equipment, on board an aircraft or spacecraft, used to determine the height of the aircraft or the spacecraft above the Earth\u2019s surface or another surface.\n\n1.108A\n meteorological aids land station: A station in the meteorological aids service not intended to be used while in motion. (WRC-15)\n\n1.108B\n meteorological aids mobile station: A station in the meteorological aids service intended to be used while in motion or during halts at unspecified points. (WRC-15)\n\n1.109\n radiosonde: An automatic radio transmitter in the meteorological aids service usually carried on an aircraft, free balloon, kite or parachute, and which transmits\n                                          meteorological data.\n\n1.109A\n adaptive system: A radiocommunication system which varies its radio characteristics according to channel quality.\n\n1.110\n space system: Any group of cooperating earth stations and/or space stations employing space radiocommunication for specific purposes.\n\n1.111\n satellite system: A space system using one or more artificial earth satellites.\n\n1.112\n satellite network: A satellite system or a part of a satellite system, consisting of only one satellite and the cooperating earth stations.\n\n1.113\n satellite link: A radio link between a transmitting earth station and a receiving earth station through one satellite.\n\nA satellite link comprises one up-link and one down-link.\n\n1.114\n multi-satellite link: A radio link between a transmitting earth station and a receiving earth station through two or more satellites, without any intermediate earth station.\n\nA multi-satellite link comprises one up-link, one or more satellite-to-satellite links\n                                          and one down-link.\n\n1.115\n feeder link: A radio link from an earth station at a given location to a space station, or vice versa, conveying information for a space radiocommunication service other than for the fixed-satellite service. The given location may be at a specified fixed point, or at any fixed point within\n                                          specified areas.\n\nSection V \u2013 Operational terms\n\n1.116\n public correspondence: Any telecommunication which the offices and stations must, by reason of their being at the disposal of the public, accept for transmission\n                                          (CS).\n\n1.117\n telegraphy\n6: A form of telecommunication in which the transmitted information is intended to be recorded on arrival as a graphic\n                                          document; the transmitted information may sometimes be presented in an alternative\n                                          form or may be stored for subsequent use (CS 1016).\n\n1.118\u00a0telegram: Written matter intended to be transmitted by telegraphy for delivery to the addressee. This term also includes radiotelegrams unless otherwise specified (CS).\n\nIn this definition the term telegraphy has the same general meaning as defined in the Convention.\n\n1.119\n radiotelegram: A telegram, originating in or intended for a mobile station or a mobile earth station transmitted on all or part of its route over the radiocommunication channels of the mobile service or of the mobile-satellite service.\n\n1.120\n radiotelex call: A telex call, originating in or intended for a mobile station or a mobile earth station, transmitted on all or part of its route over the radiocommunication channels of the mobile service or the mobile-satellite service.\n\n1.121\n frequency-shift telegraphy: Telegraphy by frequency modulation in which the telegraph signal shifts the frequency of the\n                                          carrier between predetermined values.\n\n1.122\n facsimile: A form of telegraphy for the transmission of fixed images, with or without half-tones, with a view to\n                                          their reproduction in a permanent form.\n\n1.123\n telephony: A form of telecommunication primarily intended for the exchange of information in the form of speech (CS 1017).\n\n1.124\n radiotelephone call: A telephone call, originating in or intended for a mobile station or a mobile earth station, transmitted on all or part of its route over the radiocommunication channels of the mobile service or of the mobile-satellite service.\n\n1.125\n simplex operation: Operating method in which transmission is made possible alternately in each direction\n                                          of a telecommunication channel, for example, by means of manual control7.\n\n1.126\n duplex operation: Operating method in which transmission is possible simultaneously in both directions\n                                          of a telecommunication channel8.\n\n1.127\n semi-duplex operation: A method which is simplex operation at one end of the circuit and duplex operation at the other.9\n\n1.128\n television: A form of telecommunication for the transmission of transient images of fixed or moving objects.\n\n1.129\n individual reception (in the broadcasting-satellite service): The reception of emissions from a space station in the broadcasting-satellite service by simple domestic installations and in particular those possessing small antennas.\n\n1.130\n community reception (in the broadcasting-satellite service): The reception of emissions from a space station in the broadcasting-satellite service by receiving equipment, which in some cases may be complex and have antennas larger\n                                          than those used for individual reception, and intended for use:\n\n\u2013 by a group of the general public at one location; or\n\n\u2013 through a distribution system covering a limited area.\n\n1.131\n telemetry: The use of telecommunication for automatically indicating or recording measurements at a distance from the measuring\n                                          instrument.\n\n1.132\n radiotelemetry: Telemetry by means of radio waves.\n\n1.133\n space telemetry: The use of telemetry for the transmission from a space station of results of measurements made in a spacecraft, including those relating to the functioning of the spacecraft.\n\n1.134\n telecommand: The use of telecommunication for the transmission of signals to initiate, modify or terminate functions of equipment\n                                          at a distance.\n\n1.135\n space telecommand: The use of radiocommunication for the transmission of signals to a space station to initiate, modify or terminate functions of equipment on an associated space object,\n                                          including the space station.\n\n1.136\n space tracking: Determination of the orbit, velocity or instantaneous position of an object in space by means of radiodetermination, excluding primary radar, for the purpose of following the movement of the object.\n\nSection VI \u2013 Characteristics of emissions and radio equipment\n\n1.137\n radiation: The outward flow of energy from any source in the form of radio waves.\n\n1.138\n emission: Radiation produced, or the production of radiation, by a radio transmitting station.\n\nFor example, the energy radiated by the local oscillator of a radio receiver would\n                                          not be an emission but a radiation.\n\n1.139\n class of emission: The set of characteristics of an emission, designated by standard symbols, e.g. type of modulation of the main carrier, modulating\n                                          signal, type of information to be transmitted, and also, if appropriate, any additional\n                                          signal characteristics.\n\n1.140\n single-sideband emission: An amplitude modulated emission with one sideband only.\n\n1.141\n full carrier single-sideband emission: A single-sideband emission without reduction of the carrier.\n\n1.142\n reduced carrier single-sideband emission: A single-sideband emission in which the degree of carrier suppression enables the carrier to be reconstituted\n                                          and to be used for demodulation.\n\n1.143\n suppressed carrier single-sideband emission: A single-sideband emission in which the carrier is virtually suppressed and not intended to be used for demodulation.\n\n1.144\n out-of-band emission:\n10)\nEmission on a frequency or frequencies immediately outside the necessary bandwidth which results from the modulation process, but excluding spurious emissions.\n\n10) The terms associated with the definitions given by Nos. 1.144, 1.145 and 1.146 shall be expressed in the working languages as follows:\n\n1.145\n spurious emission:\n10)\nEmission on a frequency or frequencies which are outside the necessary bandwidth and the level of which may be reduced without affecting the corresponding transmission\n                                          of information. Spurious emissions include harmonic emissions, parasitic emissions, intermodulation products and frequency conversion products, but exclude out-of-band emissions.\n\n10) The terms associated with the definitions given by Nos. 1.144, 1.145 and 1.146 shall be expressed in the working languages as follows:\n\n1.146\n unwanted emissions:\n10) Consist of spurious emissions and out-of-band emissions.\n\n10) The terms associated with the definitions given by Nos. 1.144, 1.145 and 1.146 shall be expressed in the working languages as follows:\n\n1.146A\n out-of-band domain (of an emission): The frequency range, immediately outside the necessary bandwidth but excluding the spurious domain, in which out-of-band emissions generally predominate. Out-of-band emissions, defined based on their source, occur in the out-of-band domain and, to a lesser\n                                          extent, in the spurious domain. Spurious emissions likewise may occur in the out-of-band domain as well as in the spurious domain. (WRC-03)\n\n1.146B\n spurious domain (of an emission): The frequency range beyond the out-of-band domain in which spurious emissions generally predominate. (WRC-03)\n\n1.147\n assigned frequency band: The frequency band within which the emission of a station is authorized; the width of the band equals the necessary bandwidth plus twice the absolute value of the frequency tolerance. Where space stations are concerned, the assigned frequency band includes twice the maximum Doppler shift\n                                          that may occur in relation to any point of the Earth\u2019s surface.\n\n1.148\n assigned frequency: The centre of the frequency band assigned to a station.\n\n1.149\n characteristic frequency: A frequency which can be easily identified and measured in a given emission.\n\nA carrier frequency may, for example, be designated as the characteristic frequency.\n\n1.150\n reference frequency: A frequency having a fixed and specified position with respect to the assigned frequency. The displacement of this frequency with respect to the assigned frequency has the same absolute value and sign that the displacement of the characteristic frequency has with respect to the centre of the frequency band occupied by the emission.\n\n1.151\n frequency tolerance: The maximum permissible departure by the centre frequency of the frequency band occupied\n                                          by an emission from the assigned frequency or, by the characteristic frequency of an emission from the reference frequency.\n\nThe frequency tolerance is expressed in parts in 106 or in hertz.\n\n1.152\n necessary bandwidth: For a given class of emission, the width of the frequency band which is just sufficient to ensure the transmission\n                                          of information at the rate and with the quality required under specified conditions.\n\n1.153\n occupied bandwidth: The width of a frequency band such that, below the lower and above the upper frequency\n                                          limits, the mean powers emitted are each equal to a specified percentage \u03b2/2\u00a0of the total mean power of a given emission.\n\nUnless otherwise specified in an ITU-R Recommendation for the appropriate class of emission, the value of \u03b2/2\u00a0should be taken as 0.5%.\n\n1.154\n right-hand (clockwise) polarized wave: An elliptically- or circularly-polarized wave, in which the electric field vector,\n                                          observed in any fixed plane, normal to the direction of propagation, whilst looking\n                                          in the direction of propagation, rotates with time in a right-hand or clockwise direction.\n\n1.155\n left-hand (anticlockwise) polarized wave: An elliptically- or circularly-polarized wave, in which the electric field vector,\n                                          observed in any fixed plane, normal to the direction of propagation, whilst looking\n                                          in the direction of propagation, rotates with time in a left-hand or anticlockwise\n                                          direction.\n\n1.156\n power: Whenever the power of a radio transmitter, etc. is referred to it shall be expressed\n                                          in one of the following forms, according to the class of emission, using the arbitrary symbols indicated:\n\n\u2013 \npeak envelope power (PX or pX);\n\n\u2013 \nmean power (PY or pY);\n\n\u2013 \n carrier power (PZ or pZ).\n\nFor different classes of emission, the relationships between peak envelope power, mean power and carrier power, under the conditions of normal operation and of no modulation, are contained in\n                                          ITU-R Recommendations which may be used as a guide.\n\nFor use in formulae, the symbol p denotes power expressed in watts and the symbol P denotes power expressed in decibels relative to a reference level.\n\n1.157\n peak envelope power (of a radio transmitter): The average power supplied to the antenna transmission\n                                          line by a transmitter during one radio frequency cycle at the crest of the modulation\n                                          envelope taken under normal operating conditions.\n\n1.158\n mean power (of a radio transmitter): The average power supplied to the antenna transmission\n                                          line by a transmitter during an interval of time sufficiently long compared with the\n                                          lowest frequency encountered in the modulation taken under normal operating conditions.\n\n1.159\n carrier power (of a radio transmitter): The average power supplied to the antenna transmission\n                                          line by a transmitter during one radio frequency cycle taken under the condition of\n                                          no modulation.\n\n1.160\n gain of an antenna: The ratio, usually expressed in decibels, of the power required at the input of a\n                                          loss-free reference antenna to the power supplied to the input of the given antenna\n                                          to produce, in a given direction, the same field strength or the same power flux-density\n                                          at the same distance. When not specified otherwise, the gain refers to the direction\n                                          of maximum radiation. The gain may be considered for a specified polarization.\n\nDepending on the choice of the reference antenna a distinction is made between:\n\na) absolute or isotropic gain (Gi), when the reference antenna is an isotropic antenna isolated in space;\n\nb) gain relative to a half-wave dipole (Gd), when the reference antenna is a half-wave dipole isolated in space whose equatorial\n                                                plane contains the given direction;\n\nc) gain relative to a short vertical antenna (Gv), when the reference antenna is a linear conductor, much shorter than one quarter\n                                                of the wavelength, normal to the surface of a perfectly conducting plane which contains\n                                                the given direction.\n\n1.161\n equivalent isotropically radiated power (e.i.r.p.): The product of the power supplied to the antenna and the antenna gain in a given\n                                          direction relative to an isotropic antenna (absolute or isotropic gain).\n\n1.162\n effective radiated power (e.r.p.) (in a given direction): The product of the power supplied to the antenna and its gain relative to a half-wave dipole in a given direction.\n\n1.163\n effective monopole radiated power (e.m.r.p.) (in a given direction): The product of the power supplied to the antenna and its gain relative to a short vertical antenna in a given direction.\n\n1.164\n tropospheric scatter: The propagation of radio waves by scattering as a result of irregularities or discontinuities in the physical properties\n                                          of the troposphere.\n\n1.165\n ionospheric scatter: The propagation of radio waves by scattering as a result of irregularities or discontinuities in the ionization\n                                          of the ionosphere.\n\nSection VII \u2013 Frequency sharing\n\n1.166\n interference: The effect of unwanted energy due to one or a combination of emissions, radiations, or inductions upon reception in a radiocommunication system, manifested by any performance degradation, misinterpretation, or loss of\n                                          information which could be extracted in the absence of such unwanted energy.\n\n1.167\n permissible interference\n10\n: Observed or predicted interference which complies with quantitative interference and sharing criteria contained in these Regulations or in ITU-R Recommendations or\n                                          in special agreements as provided for in these Regulations.\n\n1.168\n accepted interference\n11\n: Interference at a higher level than that defined as permissible interference and which has been agreed upon between two or more administrations without prejudice to other administrations.\n\n1.169\n harmful interference: Interference which endangers the functioning of a radionavigation service or of other safety services or seriously degrades, obstructs, or repeatedly interrupts a radiocommunication service operating in accordance with Radio Regulations (CS).\n\n1.170\n protection ratio (R.F.): The minimum value of the wanted-to-unwanted signal ratio, usually expressed\n                                          in decibels, at the receiver input, determined under specified conditions such that\n                                          a specified reception quality of the wanted signal is achieved at the receiver output.\n\n1.171\n coordination area: When determining the need for coordination, the area surrounding an earth station sharing the same frequency band with terrestrial stations, or surrounding a transmitting earth station sharing the same bidirectionally allocated frequency band with receiving earth stations, beyond which the level of permissible interference will not be exceeded and coordination is therefore not required. (WRC-2000)\n\n1.172\n coordination contour: The line enclosing the coordination area.\n\n1.173\n coordination distance: When determining the need for coordination, the distance on a given azimuth from\n                                          an earth station sharing the same frequency band with terrestrial stations, or from a transmitting earth station sharing the same bidirectionally allocated frequency band with receiving earth stations, beyond which the level of permissible interference will not be exceeded and coordination is therefore not required. (WRC-2000)\n\n1.174\n equivalent satellite link noise temperature: The noise temperature referred to the output of the receiving antenna of the earth station corresponding to the radio frequency noise power which produces the total observed\n                                          noise at the output of the satellite link excluding noise due to interference coming from satellite links using other satellites and from terrestrial systems.\n\n1.175\n effective boresight area (of a steerable satellite beam): An area on the surface of the Earth within which\n                                          the boresight of a steerable satellite beam is intended to be pointed.\n\nThere may be more than one unconnected effective boresight area to which a single\n                                          steerable satellite beam is intended to be pointed.\n\n1.176\n effective antenna gain contour (of a steerable satellite beam): An envelope of antenna gain contours resulting from\n                                          moving the boresight of a steerable satellite beam along the limits of the effective boresight area.\n\nSection VIII \u2013 Technical terms relating to space\n\n1.177\n deep space: Space at distances from the Earth equal to, or greater than, 2\u00a0\u00d7 106 km.\n\n1.178\n spacecraft: A man-made vehicle which is intended to go beyond the major portion of the Earth\u2019s\n                                          atmosphere.\n\n1.179\n satellite: A body which revolves around another body of preponderant mass and which has a motion\n                                          primarily and permanently determined by the force of attraction of that other body.\n\n1.180\n active satellite: A satellite carrying a station intended to transmit or retransmit radiocommunication signals.\n\n1.181 reflecting satellite: A satellite intended to reflect radiocommunication signals.\n\n1.182\n active sensor: A measuring instrument in the earth exploration-satellite service or in the space research service by means of which information is obtained by transmission and reception of radio waves.\n\n1.183\n passive sensor: A measuring instrument in the earth exploration-satellite service or in the space research service by means of which information is obtained by reception of radio waves of natural origin.\n\n1.184\n orbit: The path, relative to a specified frame of reference, described by the centre of\n                                          mass of a satellite or other object in space subjected primarily to natural forces, mainly the force\n                                          of gravity.\n\n1.185\n inclination of an orbit (of an earth satellite): The angle determined by the plane containing the orbit and the plane of the Earth\u2019s equator measured in degrees between 0\u00ba and 180\u00ba and\n                                          in counter-clockwise direction from the Earth\u2019s equatorial plane at the ascending\n                                          node of the orbit. (WRC-2000)\n\n1.186\n period (of a satellite): The time elapsing between two consecutive passages of a satellite through a characteristic point on its orbit.\n\n1.187\n altitude of the apogee or of the perigee: The altitude of the apogee or perigee above a specified reference surface serving\n                                          to represent the surface of the Earth.\n\n1.188\n geosynchronous satellite: An earth satellite whose period of revolution is equal to the period of rotation of the Earth about\n                                          its axis.\n\n1.189\n geostationary satellite: A geosynchronous satellite whose circular and direct orbit lies in the plane of the Earth\u2019s equator and which thus remains fixed relative to\n                                          the Earth; by extension, a geosynchronous satellite which remains approximately fixed relative to the Earth. (WRC-03)\n\n1.190\n geostationary-satellite orbit: The orbit of a geosynchronous satellite whose circular and direct orbit lies in the plane of the Earth\u2019s equator.\n\n1.191\n steerable satellite beam: A satellite antenna beam that can be re-pointed.\n\nSection I \u2013 Frequency and wavelength bands\n\n2.1 The radio spectrum shall be subdivided into nine frequency bands, which shall be\n                                          designated by progressive whole numbers in accordance with the following table. As\n                                          the unit of frequency is the hertz (Hz), frequencies shall be expressed:\n\n\u2013 in kilohertz (kHz), up to and including 3\u00a0000\u00a0kHz;\n\n\u2013 in megahertz (MHz), above 3\u00a0MHz, up to and including 3\u00a0000\u00a0MHz;\n\n\u2013 in gigahertz (GHz), above 3\u00a0GHz, up to and including 3\u00a0000\u00a0GHz.\n\nHowever, where adherence to these provisions would introduce serious difficulties,\n                                          for example in connection with the notification and registration of frequencies, the\n                                          lists of frequencies and related matters, reasonable departures may be made12. (WRC-15)\n\nBand number\n\nSymbols\n\nFrequency range (lower limit exclusive, upper limit inclusive)\n\nCorresponding metric subdivision\n\n4\n\nVLF\n\n3\u00a0to 30\u00a0kHz\n\nMyriametric waves\n\n5\n\nLF\n\n30\u00a0to 300\u00a0kHz\n\nKilometric waves\n\n6\n\nMF\n\n300\u00a0to 3\u00a0000\u00a0kHz\n\nHectometric waves\n\n7\n\nHF\n\n3\u00a0to 30\u00a0MHz\n\nDecametric waves\n\n8\n\nVHF\n\n30\u00a0to 300\u00a0MHz\n\nMetric waves\n\n9\n\nUHF\n\n300\u00a0to 3\u00a0000\u00a0MHz\n\nDecimetric waves\n\n10\n\nSHF\n\n3\u00a0to 30\u00a0GHz\n\nCentimetric waves\n\n11\n\nEHF\n\n30\u00a0to 300\u00a0GHz\n\nMillimetric waves\n\n12\n\n300\u00a0to 3\u00a0000\u00a0GHz\n\nDecimillimetric waves\n\nNOTE 1: \u201cBand N\u201d (N = band number) extends from 0.3\u00a0\u00d7 10N Hz to 3\u00a0\u00d7 10N Hz.\n\nNOTE 2: Prefix: k = kilo (103), M = mega (106), G = giga (109).\n\n2.2 In communications between administrations and the ITU, no names, symbols or abbreviations\n                                          should be used for the various frequency bands other than those specified in No. 2.1.\n\nSection II \u2013 Dates and times\n\n2.3 Any date used in relation to radiocommunication shall be according to the Gregorian\n                                          Calendar.\n\n2.4 If in a date the month is not indicated either in full or in an abbreviated form,\n                                          it shall be expressed in an all-numeric form with the fixed sequence of figures, two\n                                          of each representing the day, month and year.\n\n2.5 Whenever a date is used in connection with Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), this\n                                          date shall be that at the prime meridian, the prime meridian corresponding to zero\n                                          degrees geographical longitude. (WRC-15)\n\n2.6 Whenever a specified time is used in international radiocommunication activities,\n                                          UTC shall be applied, unless otherwise indicated, and it shall be presented as a four-digit\n                                          group (0000-2359). The abbreviation UTC shall be used in all languages.\n\nSection III \u2013 Designation of emissions\n\n2.7 Emissions shall be designated according to their necessary bandwidth and their classification\n                                          in accordance with the method described in Appendix 1.\n\n3.1 The choice and performance of equipment to be used in a station and any emissions\n                                          therefrom shall satisfy the provisions of these Regulations.\n\n3.2 Also, as far as is compatible with practical considerations, the choice of transmitting,\n                                          receiving and measuring equipment shall be based on the most recent advances in the\n                                          technique as indicated, inter alia, in ITU-R Recommendations.\n\n3.3 Transmitting and receiving equipment intended to be used in a given part of the frequency\n                                          spectrum should be designed to take into account the technical characteristics of\n                                          transmitting and receiving equipment likely to be employed in neighbouring and other\n                                          parts of the spectrum, provided that all technically and economically justifiable\n                                          measures have been taken to reduce the level of unwanted emissions from the latter\n                                          transmitting equipment and to reduce the susceptibility to interference of the latter\n                                          receiving equipment.\n\n3.4 To the maximum extent possible, equipment to be used in a station should apply signal\n                                          processing methods which enable the most efficient use of the frequency spectrum in\n                                          accordance with the relevant ITU-R Recommendations. These methods include, inter alia, certain bandwidth expansion techniques, and in particular, in amplitude-modulation\n                                          systems, the use of the single-sideband technique.\n\n3.5 Transmitting stations shall conform to the frequency tolerances specified in Appendix\n                                          2.\n\n3.6 Transmitting stations shall conform to the maximum permitted power levels for unwanted\n                                          emissions in the spurious domain specified in Appendix 3. (WRC-12)\n\n3.7 Transmitting stations shall conform to the maximum permitted power levels for out-of-band\n                                          emissions, or unwanted emissions in the out-of-band domain, specified for certain\n                                          services and classes of emission in the present Regulations. In the absence of such\n                                          specified maximum permitted power levels transmitting stations should, to the maximum\n                                          extent possible, satisfy the requirements relating to the limitation of the out-of-band\n                                          emissions, or unwanted emissions in the out-of-band domain, specified in the relevant\n                                          ITU-R Recommendations. (WRC-12)\n\n3.8 Moreover, every effort should be made to keep frequency tolerances and levels of\n                                          unwanted emissions at the lowest values which the state of the technique and the nature\n                                          of the service permit.\n\n3.9 The bandwidths of emissions also shall be such as to ensure the most efficient utilization\n                                          of the spectrum; in general this requires that bandwidths be kept at the lowest values\n                                          which the state of the technique and the nature of the service permit. Appendix 1 is provided as a guide for the determination of the necessary bandwidth.\n\n3.10 Where bandwidth-expansion techniques are used, the minimum spectral power density\n                                          consistent with efficient spectrum utilization shall be employed.\n\n3.11 Wherever necessary for efficient spectrum use, the receivers used by any service\n                                          should comply as far as possible with the frequency tolerances of the transmitters\n                                          of that service, due regard being paid to the Doppler effect where appropriate.\n\n3.12 Receiving stations should use equipment with technical characteristics appropriate\n                                          for the class of emission concerned; in particular, selectivity should be appropriate\n                                          having regard to No. 3.9 on the bandwidths of emissions.\n\n3.13 The performance characteristics of receivers should be adequate to ensure that they\n                                          do not suffer from interference due to transmitters situated at a reasonable distance\n                                          and which operate in accordance with these Regulations.\n\n3.14 To ensure compliance with these Regulations, administrations shall arrange for frequent\n                                          checks to be made of the emissions of stations under their jurisdiction. For this\n                                          purpose, they shall use the means indicated in Article 16, if required. The technique of measurements and the intervals of measurements to\n                                          be employed shall be, as far as is practicable, in accordance with the most recent\n                                          ITU-R Recommendations.\n\n3.15 The use of damped wave emissions is forbidden in all stations.\n\n4.1 Member States shall endeavour to limit the number of frequencies and the spectrum\n                                          used to the minimum essential to provide in a satisfactory manner the necessary services.\n                                          To that end they shall endeavour to apply the latest technical advances as soon as\n                                          possible (CS 195).\n\n4.2 Member States undertake that in assigning frequencies to stations which are capable\n                                          of causing harmful interference to the services rendered by the stations of another\n                                          country, such assignments are to be made in accordance with the Table of Frequency\n                                          Allocations and other provisions of these Regulations.\n\n4.3 Any new assignment or any change of frequency or other basic characteristic of an\n                                          existing assignment (see Appendix 4) shall be made in such a way as to avoid causing harmful interference to services\n                                          rendered by stations using frequencies assigned in accordance with the Table of Frequency\n                                          Allocations in this Chapter and the other provisions of these Regulations, the characteristics\n                                          of which assignments are recorded in the Master International Frequency Register.\n\n4.4 Administrations of the Member States shall not assign to a station any frequency\n                                          in derogation of either the Table of Frequency Allocations in this Chapter or the\n                                          other provisions of these Regulations, except on the express condition that such a\n                                          station, when using such a frequency assignment, shall not cause harmful interference\n                                          to, and shall not claim protection from harmful interference caused by, a station\n                                          operating in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution, the Convention and\n                                          these Regulations.\n\n4.5 The frequency assigned to a station of a given service shall be separated from the\n                                          limits of the band allocated to this service in such a way that, taking account of\n                                          the frequency band assigned to a station, no harmful interference is caused to services\n                                          to which frequency bands immediately adjoining are allocated.\n\n4.6 For the purpose of resolving cases of harmful interference, the radio astronomy service\n                                          shall be treated as a radiocommunication service. However, with regard to emissions\n                                          from services operating in other bands, it shall be afforded the same degree of protection\n                                          as such services are afforded vis-\u00e0-vis each other.\n\n4.7 For the purpose of resolving cases of harmful interference, the space research (passive)\n                                          service and the earth exploration-satellite (passive) service shall be afforded protection\n                                          from different services in other bands only to the extent that these different services\n                                          are protected from each other.\n\n4.8 Where, in adjacent Regions or sub-Regions, a band of frequencies is allocated to\n                                          different services of the same category (see Sections I and II of Article 5), the basic principle is the equality of right to operate. Accordingly, the stations\n                                          of each service in one Region or sub-Region must operate so as not to cause harmful\n                                          interference to any service of the same or higher category in the other Regions or\n                                          sub-Regions. (WRC-03)\n\n4.9 No provision of these Regulations prevents the use by a station in distress, or by\n                                          a station providing assistance to it, of any means of radiocommunication at its disposal\n                                          to attract attention, make known the condition and location of the station in distress,\n                                          and obtain or provide assistance.\n\n4.10 Member States recognize that the safety aspects of radionavigation and other safety\n                                          services require special measures to ensure their freedom from harmful interference;\n                                          it is necessary therefore to take this factor into account in the assignment and use\n                                          of frequencies.\n\n4.11 Member States recognize that among frequencies which have long-distance propagation\n                                          characteristics, those in the bands between 5\u00a0MHz and 30\u00a0MHz are particularly useful\n                                          for long-distance communications; they agree to make every possible effort to reserve\n                                          these bands for such communications. Whenever frequencies in these bands are used\n                                          for short- or medium- distance communications, the minimum power necessary shall be\n                                          employed.\n\n4.12 To reduce requirements for frequencies in the bands between 5\u00a0MHz and 30\u00a0MHz and\n                                          thus to prevent harmful interference to long-distance radiocommunications, administrations\n                                          are encouraged to use, whenever practicable, any other possible means of communication.\n\n4.13 When special circumstances make it indispensable to do so, an administration may,\n                                          as an exception to the normal methods of working authorized by these Regulations,\n                                          have recourse to the special methods of working enumerated below, on the sole condition\n                                          that the characteristics of the stations still conform to those inserted in the Master\n                                          International Frequency Register:\n\n4.14\n a) a station in the fixed service or an earth station in the fixed-satellite service\n                                          may, under the conditions defined in Nos. 5.28 to 5.31, transmit to mobile stations on its normal frequencies;\n\n4.15\n b) a land station may communicate, under the conditions defined in Nos. 5.28 to 5.31, with fixed stations in the fixed service or earth stations in the fixed-satellite\n                                          service or other land stations of the same category.\n\n4.15A (SUP \u2013 WRC-12)\n\n4.16 However, in circumstances involving the safety of life, or the safety of a ship or\n                                          aircraft, a land station may communicate with fixed stations or land stations of another\n                                          category.\n\n4.17 Any administration may assign a frequency in a band allocated to the fixed service\n                                          or allocated to the fixed-satellite service to a station authorized to transmit, unilaterally,\n                                          from one specified fixed point to one or more specified fixed points provided that\n                                          such transmissions are not intended to be received directly by the general public.\n\n4.18 Any mobile station using an emission which satisfies the frequency tolerance applicable\n                                          to the coast station with which it is communicating may transmit on the same frequency\n                                          as the coast station on condition that the latter requests such transmission and that\n                                          no harmful interference is caused to other stations.\n\n4.19 In certain cases provided for in Articles 31 and 51, aircraft stations are authorized to use frequencies in the bands allocated to the\n                                          maritime mobile service for the purpose of communicating with stations of that service\n                                          (see No. 51.73). (WRC-07)\n\n4.20 Aircraft earth stations are authorized to use frequencies in the bands allocated\n                                          to the maritime mobile-satellite service for the purpose of communicating, via the\n                                          stations of that service, with the public telegraph and telephone networks.\n\n4.21 In exceptional cases, land mobile earth stations in the land mobile-satellite service\n                                          may communicate with stations in the maritime mobile-satellite and aeronautical mobile-satellite\n                                          services. Such operations shall comply with the relevant provisions of the Radio Regulations\n                                          relating to those services and shall be subject to agreement among administrations\n                                          concerned, taking due account of No. 4.10.\n\n4.22 Any emission capable of causing harmful interference to distress, alarm, urgency\n                                          or safety communications on the international distress and emergency frequencies established\n                                          for these purposes by these Regulations is prohibited. Supplementary distress frequencies\n                                          available on less than a worldwide basis should be afforded adequate protection.\n\n4.23 Transmissions to or from high altitude platform stations shall be limited to bands\n                                          specifically identified in Article 5. (WRC-12)\n\n4.24 Space research systems intended to operate in deep space may also use the space research\n                                          service (deep space) allocations, with the same status as those allocations, when\n                                          the spacecraft is near the Earth, such as during launch, early orbit, flying by the\n                                          Earth and returning to the Earth. (WRC-15)\n\nIntroduction\n\n5.1 In all documents of the Union where the terms allocation, allotment and assignment are to be used, they shall have the meaning given them in Nos. 1.16 to 1.18, the terms used in the six working languages being as follows:\n\nSection I \u2013 Regions and areas\n\n5.2 For the allocation of frequencies the world has been divided into three Regions13 as shown on the following map and described in Nos. 5.3 to 5.9:\n\nThe shaded part represents the Tropical Zones as defined in Nos. 5.16 to 5.20 and 5.21.\n\n5.3\n Region 1: Region 1\u00a0includes the area limited on the east by line A (lines A, B and C are defined\n                                          below) and on the west by line B, excluding any of the territory of the Islamic Republic\n                                          of Iran which lies between these limits. It also includes the whole of the territory\n                                          of Armenia, Azerbaijan, the Russian Federation, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Uzbekistan,\n                                          Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Turkey and Ukraine and the area to the north\n                                          of Russian Federation which lies between lines A and C.\n\n5.4\n Region 2: Region 2\u00a0includes the area limited on the east by line B and on the west by line\n                                          C.\n\n5.5\n Region 3: Region 3\u00a0includes the area limited on the east by line C and on the west by line\n                                          A, except any of the territory of Armenia, Azerbaijan, the Russian Federation, Georgia,\n                                          Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Turkey and\n                                          Ukraine and the area to the north of Russian Federation. It also includes that part\n                                          of the territory of the Islamic Republic of Iran lying outside of those limits.\n\n5.6 The lines A, B and C are defined as follows:\n\n5.7\n Line A: Line A extends from the North Pole along meridian 40\u00b0 East of Greenwich to parallel\n                                          40\u00b0 North; thence by great circle arc to the intersection of meridian 60\u00b0 East and\n                                          the Tropic of Cancer; thence along the meridian 60\u00b0 East to the South Pole.\n\n5.8\n Line B: Line B extends from the North Pole along meridian 10\u00b0 West of Greenwich to its intersection\n                                          with parallel 72\u00b0 North; thence by great circle arc to the intersection of meridian\n                                          50\u00b0 West and parallel 40\u00b0 North; thence by great circle arc to the intersection of\n                                          meridian 20\u00b0 West and parallel 10\u00b0 South; thence along meridian 20\u00b0 West to the South\n                                          Pole.\n\n5.9\n Line C: Line C extends from the North Pole by great circle arc to the intersection of parallel\n                                          65\u00b0 30' North with the international boundary in Bering Strait; thence by great circle\n                                          arc to the intersection of meridian 165\u00b0 East of Greenwich and parallel 50\u00b0 North;\n                                          thence by great circle arc to the intersection of meridian 170\u00b0 West and parallel\n                                          10\u00b0 North; thence along parallel 10\u00b0 North to its intersection with meridian 120\u00b0\n                                          West; thence along meridian 120\u00b0 West to the South Pole.\n\n5.10 For the purposes of these Regulations, the term \u201cAfrican Broadcasting Area\u201d means:\n\n5.11\n a) African countries, parts of countries, territories and groups of territories situated\n                                          between the parallels 40\u00b0 South and 30\u00b0 North;\n\n5.12\n b) islands in the Indian Ocean west of meridian 60\u00b0 East of Greenwich, situated between\n                                          the parallel 40\u00b0 South and the great circle arc joining the points 45\u00b0 East, 11\u00b0 30\u2019\n                                          North and 60\u00b0 East, 15\u00b0 North;\n\n5.13\n c) islands in the Atlantic Ocean east of line B defined in No. 5.8 of these Regulations, situated between the parallels 40\u00b0 South and 30\u00b0 North.\n\n5.14 The \u201cEuropean Broadcasting Area\u201d is bounded on the west by the western boundary of\n                                          Region 1, on the east by the meridian 40\u00b0 East of Greenwich and on the south by the\n                                          parallel 30\u00b0 North so as to include the northern part of Saudi Arabia and that part\n                                          of those countries bordering the Mediterranean within these limits. In addition, Armenia,\n                                          Azerbaijan, Georgia and those parts of the territories of Iraq, Jordan, Syrian Arab\n                                          Republic, Turkey and Ukraine lying outside the above limits are included in the European\n                                          Broadcasting Area. (WRC-07)\n\n5.15 The \u201cEuropean Maritime Area\u201d is bounded to the north by a line extending along parallel\n                                          72\u00b0 North from its intersection with meridian 55\u00b0 East of Greenwich to its intersection\n                                          with meridian 5\u00b0 West, then along meridian 5\u00b0 West to its intersection with parallel\n                                          67\u00b0 North, thence along parallel 67\u00b0 North to its intersection with meridian 32\u00b0 West;\n                                          to the west by a line extending along meridian 32\u00b0 West to its intersection with parallel\n                                          30\u00b0 North; to the south by a line extending along parallel 30\u00b0 North to its intersection\n                                          with meridian 43\u00b0 East; to the east by a line extending along meridian 43\u00b0 East to\n                                          its intersection with parallel 60\u00b0 North, thence along parallel 60\u00b0 North to its intersection\n                                          with meridian 55\u00b0 East and thence along meridian 55\u00b0 East to its intersection with\n                                          parallel 72\u00b0 North.\n\n5.16 1) The \u201cTropical Zone\u201d (see map in No. 5.2) is defined as:\n\n5.17\n a) the whole of that area in Region 2\u00a0between the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn;\n\n5.18\n b) the whole of that area in Regions 1\u00a0and 3\u00a0contained between the parallels 30\u00b0 North\n                                          and 35\u00b0 South with the addition of:\n\n5.19 i) The area contained between the meridians 40\u00b0 East and 80\u00b0 East of Greenwich and\n                                          the parallels 30\u00b0 North and 40\u00b0 North;\n\n5.20 ii) that part of Libya north of parallel 30\u00b0 North.\n\n5.21 2) In Region 2, the Tropical Zone may be extended to parallel 33\u00b0 North, subject\n                                          to special agreements between the countries concerned in that Region (see Article\n                                          6).\n\n5.22 A sub-Region is an area consisting of two or more countries in the same Region.\n\nSection II \u2013 Categories of services and allocations\n\n5.23\n Primary and secondary services\n\n5.24 1) Where, in a box of the Table in Section IV of this Article, a band is indicated\n                                          as allocated to more than one service, either on a worldwide or Regional basis, such\n                                          services are listed in the following order:\n\n5.25\n a) services the names of which are printed in \u201ccapitals\u201d (example: FIXED); these are\n                                          called \u201cprimary\u201d services;\n\n5.26\n b) services the names of which are printed in \u201cnormal characters\u201d (example:\n\nMobile); these are called \u201csecondary\u201d services (see Nos. 5.28 to 5.31).\n\n5.27 2) Additional remarks shall be printed in normal characters (example: MOBILE except\n                                          aeronautical mobile).\n\n5.28 3) Stations of a secondary service:\n\n5.29\n a) shall not cause harmful interference to stations of primary services to which frequencies\n                                          are already assigned or to which frequencies may be assigned at a later date;\n\n5.30\n b) cannot claim protection from harmful interference from stations of a primary service\n                                          to which frequencies are already assigned or may be assigned at a later date;\n\n5.31\n c) can claim protection, however, from harmful interference from stations of the same\n                                          or other secondary service(s) to which frequencies may be assigned at a later date.\n\n5.32 4) Where a band is indicated in a footnote of the Table as allocated to a service\n                                          \u201con a secondary basis\u201d in an area smaller than a Region, or in a particular country,\n                                          this is a secondary service (see Nos. 5.28 to 5.31).\n\n5.33 5) Where a band is indicated in a footnote of the Table as allocated to a service\n                                          \u201con a primary basis\u201d, in an area smaller than a Region, or in a particular country,\n                                          this is a primary service only in that area or country.\n\n5.34\n Additional allocations\n\n5.35 1) Where a band is indicated in a footnote of the Table as \u201calso allocated\u201d to a\n                                          service in an area smaller than a Region, or in a particular country, this is an \u201cadditional\u201d\n                                          allocation, i.e. an allocation which is added in this area or in this country to the\n                                          service or services which are indicated in the Table (see No. 5.36).\n\n5.36 2) If the footnote does not include any restriction on the service or services concerned\n                                          apart from the restriction to operate only in a particular area or country, stations\n                                          of this service or these services shall have equality of right to operate with stations\n                                          of the other primary service or services indicated in the Table.\n\n5.37 3) If restrictions are imposed on an additional allocation in addition to the restriction\n                                          to operate only in a particular area or country, this is indicated in the footnote\n                                          of the Table.\n\n5.38\n Alternative allocations\n\n5.39 1) Where a band is indicated in a footnote of the Table as \u201callocated\u201d to one or\n                                          more services in an area smaller than a Region, or in a particular country, this is\n                                          an \u201calternative\u201d allocation, i.e. an allocation which replaces, in this area or in\n                                          this country, the allocation indicated in the Table (see No. 5.40).\n\n5.40 2) If the footnote does not include any restriction on stations of the service or\n                                          services concerned, apart from the restriction to operate only in a particular area\n                                          or country, these stations of such a service or services shall have an equality of\n                                          right to operate with stations of the primary service or services, indicated in the\n                                          Table, to which the band is allocated in other areas or countries.\n\n5.41 3) If restrictions are imposed on stations of a service to which an alternative allocation\n                                          is made, in addition to the restriction to operate only in a particular country or\n                                          area, this is indicated in the footnote.\n\n5.42\n Miscellaneous provisions\n\n5.43 1) Where it is indicated in these Regulations that a service or stations in a service\n                                          may operate in a specific frequency band subject to not causing harmful interference\n                                          to another service or to another station in the same service, this means also that\n                                          the service which is subject to not causing harmful interference cannot claim protection\n                                          from harmful interference caused by the other service or other station in the same\n                                          service. (WRC-2000)\n\n5.43A 1bis) Where it is indicated in these Regulations that a service or stations in a service\n                                          may operate in a specific frequency band subject to not claiming protection from another\n                                          service or from another station in the same service, this means also that the service\n                                          which is subject to not claiming protection shall not cause harmful interference to\n                                          the other service or other station in the same service. (WRC-2000)\n\n5.44 2) Except if otherwise specified in a footnote, the term \u201cfixed service\u201d, where appearing\n                                          in Section IV of this Article, does not include systems using ionospheric scatter\n                                          propagation.\n\n5.45 Not used.\n\nSection III \u2013 Description of the Table of Frequency Allocations\n\n5.46 1) The heading of the Table in Section IV of this Article includes three columns,\n                                          each of which corresponds to one of the Regions (see No. 5.2). Where an allocation occupies the whole of the width of the Table or only one or\n                                          two of the three columns, this is a worldwide allocation or a Regional allocation,\n                                          respectively.\n\n5.47 2) The frequency band referred to in each allocation is indicated in the left-hand\n                                          top corner of the part of the Table concerned.\n\n5.48 3) Within each of the categories specified in Nos. 5.25 and 5.26, services are listed in alphabetical order according to the French language. The\n                                          order of listing does not indicate relative priority within each category.\n\n5.49 4) In the case where there is a parenthetical addition to an allocation in the Table,\n                                          that service allocation is restricted to the type of operation so indicated.\n\n5.50 5) The footnote references which appear in the Table below the allocated service\n                                          or services apply to more than one of the allocated services, or to the whole of the\n                                          allocation concerned. (WRC-2000)\n\n5.51 6) The footnote references which appear to the right of the name of a service are\n                                          applicable only to that particular service.\n\n5.52 7) In certain cases, the names of countries appearing in the footnotes have been\n                                          simplified in order to shorten the text.\n\nSection IV \u2013 Table of Frequency Allocations\n\n(See No. 2.1)\n\n5.53 Administrations authorizing the use of frequencies below 8.3\u00a0kHz shall ensure that\n                                          no harmful interference is caused to services to which the bands above 8.3\u00a0kHz are\n                                          allocated. (WRC-12)\n\n5.54 Administrations conducting scientific research using frequencies below 8.3\u00a0kHz are\n                                          urged to advise other administrations that may be concerned in order that such research\n                                          may be afforded all practicable protection from harmful interference. (WRC-12)\n\n5.54A Use of the 8.3-11.3\u00a0kHz frequency band by stations in the meteorological aids service\n                                          is limited to passive use only. In the band 9-11.3\u00a0kHz, meteorological aids stations\n                                          shall not claim protection from stations of the radionavigation service submitted\n                                          for notification to the Bureau prior to 1\u00a0January 2013. For sharing between stations\n                                          of the meteorological aids service and stations in the radionavigation service submitted\n                                          for notification after this date, the most recent version of Recommendation ITU-R\n                                          RS.1881\u00a0should be applied. (WRC-12)\n\n5.54B \nAdditional allocation: in Algeria, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Egypt, the United Arab Emirates, the Russian Federation,\n                                          Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Kuwait, Lebanon, Morocco, Qatar, the Syrian Arab\n                                          Republic, Sudan and Tunisia, the frequency band 8.3-9\u00a0kHz is also allocated to the\n                                          radionavigation, fixed and mobile services on a primary basis. (WRC-15)\n\n5.54C \nAdditional allocation: in China, the frequency band 8.3-9\u00a0kHz is also allocated to the maritime radionavigation\n                                          and maritime mobile services on a primary basis. (WRC-12)\n\n5.55\n Additional allocation: in Armenia, the Russian Federation, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan,\n                                          the frequency band 14-17\u00a0kHz is also allocated to the radionavigation service on a\n                                          primary basis. (WRC-15)\n\n5.56 The stations of services to which the bands 14-19.95\u00a0kHz and 20.05-70\u00a0kHz and in\n                                          Region 1\u00a0also the bands 72-84\u00a0kHz and 86-90\u00a0kHz are allocated may transmit standard\n                                          frequency and time signals. Such stations shall be afforded protection from harmful\n                                          interference. In Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, the Russian Federation, Georgia, Kazakhstan,\n                                          Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan, the frequencies 25\u00a0kHz and 50\u00a0kHz will be\n                                          used for this purpose under the same conditions. (WRC-12)\n\n5.57 The use of the bands 14-19.95\u00a0kHz, 20.05-70\u00a0kHz and 70-90\u00a0kHz (72-84\u00a0kHz and 86-90\u00a0kHz\n                                          in Region 1) by the maritime mobile service is limited to coast radiotelegraph stations\n                                          (A1A and F1B only). Exceptionally, the use of class J2B or J7B emissions is authorized\n                                          subject to the necessary bandwidth not exceeding that normally used for class A1A\n                                          or F1B emissions in the band concerned.\n\n5.58\n Additional allocation: in Armenia, Azerbaijan, the Russian Federation, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan,\n                                          Tajikistan and Turkmenistan, the band 67-70\u00a0kHz is also allocated to the radionavigation\n                                          service on a primary basis. (WRC-2000)\n\n5.59\n Different category of service: in Bangladesh and Pakistan, the allocation of the bands 70-72\u00a0kHz and 84-86\u00a0kHz to\n                                          the fixed and maritime mobile services is on a primary basis (see No. 5.33). (WRC-2000)\n\n5.60 In the bands 70-90\u00a0kHz (70-86\u00a0kHz in Region 1) and 110-130\u00a0kHz (112-130\u00a0kHz in Region\n                                          1), pulsed radionavigation systems may be used on condition that they do not cause\n                                          harmful interference to other services to which these bands are allocated.\n\n5.61 In Region 2, the establishment and operation of stations in the maritime radionavigation\n                                          service in the bands 70-90\u00a0kHz and 110-130\u00a0kHz shall be subject to agreement obtained\n                                          under No. 9.21 with administrations whose services, operating in accordance with the Table, may\n                                          be affected. However, stations of the fixed, maritime mobile and radiolocation services\n                                          shall not cause harmful interference to stations in the maritime radionavigation service\n                                          established under such agreements.\n\n5.62 Administrations which operate stations in the radionavigation service in the band\n                                          90-110\u00a0kHz are urged to coordinate technical and operating characteristics in such\n                                          a way as to avoid harmful interference to the services provided by these stations.\n\n5.63 (SUP \u2013 WRC-97)\n\n5.64 Only classes A1A or F1B, A2C, A3C, F1C or F3C emissions are authorized for stations\n                                          of the fixed service in the bands allocated to this service between 90\u00a0kHz and 160\u00a0kHz\n                                          (148.5\u00a0kHz in Region 1) and for stations of the maritime mobile service in the bands\n                                          allocated to this service between 110\u00a0kHz and 160\u00a0kHz (148.5\u00a0kHz in Region 1). Exceptionally,\n                                          class J2B or J7B emissions are also authorized in the bands between 110\u00a0kHz and 160\u00a0kHz\n                                          (148.5\u00a0kHz in Region 1) for stations of the maritime mobile service.\n\n5.65\n Different category of service: in Bangladesh, the allocation of the bands 112-117.6\u00a0kHz and 126-129\u00a0kHz to the fixed\n                                          and maritime mobile services is on a primary basis (see No. 5.33). (WRC-2000)\n\n5.66\n Different category of service: in Germany, the allocation of the band 115-117.6\u00a0kHz to the fixed and maritime mobile\n                                          services is on a primary basis (see No. 5.33) and to the radionavigation service on a secondary basis (see No. 5.32).\n\n5.67\n Additional allocation: in Kyrgyzstan and Turkmenistan, the frequency band 130-148.5\u00a0kHz is also allocated\n                                          to the radionavigation service on a secondary basis. Within and between these countries\n                                          this service shall have an equal right to operate. (WRC-19)\n\n5.67A Stations in the amateur service using frequencies in the band 135.7-137.8\u00a0kHz shall\n                                          not exceed a maximum radiated power of 1\u00a0W (e.i.r.p.) and shall not cause harmful\n                                          interference to stations of the radionavigation service operating in countries listed\n                                          in No. 5.67. (WRC-07)\n\n5.67B The use of the frequency band 135.7-137.8\u00a0kHz in Algeria, Egypt, Iraq, Lebanon, Syrian\n                                          Arab Republic, Sudan, South Sudan and Tunisia is limited to the fixed and maritime\n                                          mobile services. The amateur service shall not be used in the above-mentioned countries\n                                          in the frequency band 135.7-137.8\u00a0kHz, and this should be taken into account by the\n                                          countries authorizing such use. (WRC-19)\n\n5.68\n Alternative allocation: in Congo (Rep. of the), the Dem. Rep. of the Congo and South Africa, the frequency\n                                          band 160-200\u00a0kHz is allocated to the fixed service on a primary basis. (WRC-15)\n\n5.69\n Additional allocation: in Somalia, the band 200-255\u00a0kHz is also allocated to the aeronautical radionavigation\n                                          service on a primary basis.\n\n5.70\n Alternative allocation: in Angola, Botswana, Burundi, the Central African Rep., Congo (Rep. of the), Eswatini,\n                                          Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Oman,\n                                          the Dem. Rep. of the Congo, South Africa, Tanzania, Chad, Zambia and Zimbabwe, the\n                                          frequency band 200-283.5\u00a0kHz is allocated to the aeronautical radionavigation service\n                                          on a primary basis. (WRC-19)\n\n5.71 (SUP \u2013 WRC-19)\n\n5.72 (SUP \u2013 WRC-12)\n\n5.73 The band 285-325\u00a0kHz (283.5-325\u00a0kHz in Region 1) in the maritime radionavigation\n                                          service may be used to transmit supplementary navigational information using narrow-band\n                                          techniques, on condition that no harmful interference is caused to radiobeacon stations\n                                          operating in the radionavigation service. (WRC-97)\n\n5.74\n Additional Allocation: in Region 1, the frequency band 285.3-285.7\u00a0kHz is also allocated to the maritime\n                                          radionavigation service (other than radiobeacons) on a primary basis.\n\n5.75\n Different category of service: in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, the Russian Federation, Georgia, Moldova, Kyrgyzstan,\n                                          Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and the Black Sea areas of Romania, the allocation\n                                          of the band 315-325\u00a0kHz to the maritime radionavigation service is on a primary basis\n                                          under the condition that in the Baltic Sea area, the assignment of frequencies in\n                                          this band to new stations in the maritime or aeronautical radionavigation services\n                                          shall be subject to prior consultation between the administrations concerned. (WRC-07)\n\n5.76 The frequency 410\u00a0kHz is designated for radio direction-finding in the maritime radionavigation\n                                          service. The other radionavigation services to which the band 405-415\u00a0kHz is allocated\n                                          shall not cause harmful interference to radio direction-finding in the band 406.5-413.5\u00a0kHz.\n\n5.77\n Different category of service: in Australia, China, the French overseas communities of Region 3, Korea (Rep. of),\n                                          India, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Japan, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, the Dem. People\u2019s\n                                          Rep. of Korea and Sri Lanka, the allocation of the frequency band 415-495\u00a0kHz to the\n                                          aeronautical radionavigation service is on a primary basis. In Armenia, Azerbaijan,\n                                          Belarus, the Russian Federation, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan, the\n                                          allocation of the frequency band 435-495\u00a0kHz to the aeronautical radionavigation service\n                                          is on a primary basis. Administrations in all the aforementioned countries shall take\n                                          all practical steps necessary to ensure that aeronautical radionavigation stations\n                                          in the frequency band 435-495\u00a0kHz do not cause interference to reception by coast\n                                          stations of transmissions from ship stations on frequencies designated for ship stations\n                                          on a worldwide basis. (WRC-19)\n\n5.78\n Different category of service: in Cuba, the United States of America and Mexico, the allocation of the band 415-435\u00a0kHz\n                                          to the aeronautical radionavigation service is on a primary basis.\n\n5.79 In the maritime mobile service, the frequency bands 415-495\u00a0kHz and 505-526.5\u00a0kHz\n                                          are limited to radiotelegraphy and may also be used for the NAVDAT system in accordance\n                                          with the most recent version of Recommendation ITU-R M.2010, subject to agreement\n                                          between interested and affected administrations. NAVDAT transmitting stations are\n                                          limited to coast stations. (WRC-19)\n\n5.79A When establishing coast stations in the NAVTEX service on the frequencies 490\u00a0kHz,\n                                          518\u00a0kHz and 4\u00a0209.5\u00a0kHz, administrations are strongly recommended to coordinate the\n                                          operating characteristics in accordance with the procedures of the International Maritime\n                                          Organization (IMO) (see Resolution 339\u00a0(Rev.WRC-07)). (WRC-07)\n\n5.80 In Region 2, the use of the band 435-495\u00a0kHz by the aeronautical radionavigation\n                                          service is limited to non- directional beacons not employing voice transmission.\n\n5.80A The maximum equivalent isotropically radiated power (e.i.r.p.) of stations in the\n                                          amateur service using frequencies in the band 472-479\u00a0kHz shall not exceed 1\u00a0W. Administrations\n                                          may increase this limit of e.i.r.p. to 5\u00a0W in portions of their territory which are\n                                          at a distance of over 800\u00a0km from the borders of Algeria, Saudi Arabia, Azerbaijan,\n                                          Bahrain, Belarus, China, Comoros, Djibouti, Egypt, United Arab Emirates, the Russian\n                                          Federation, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Lebanon,\n                                          Libya, Morocco, Mauritania, Oman, Uzbekistan, Qatar, Syrian Arab Republic, Kyrgyzstan,\n                                          Somalia, Sudan, Tunisia, Ukraine and Yemen. In this frequency band, stations in the\n                                          amateur service shall not cause harmful interference to, or claim protection from,\n                                          stations of the aeronautical radionavigation service. (WRC-12)\n\n5.80B The use of the frequency band 472-479\u00a0kHz in Algeria, Saudi Arabia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain,\n                                          Belarus, China, Comoros, Djibouti, Egypt, United Arab Emirates, the Russian Federation,\n                                          Iraq, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Oman, Uzbekistan, Qatar,\n                                          Syrian Arab Republic, Kyrgyzstan, Somalia, Sudan, Tunisia and Yemen is limited to\n                                          the maritime mobile and aeronautical radionavigation services. The amateur service\n                                          shall not be used in the above-mentioned countries in this frequency band, and this\n                                          should be taken into account by the countries authorizing such use. (WRC-12)\n\n5.81 (SUP \u2013 WRC-2000)\n\n5.82 In the maritime mobile service, the frequency 490\u00a0kHz is to be used exclusively for\n                                          the transmission by coast stations of navigational and meteorological warnings and\n                                          urgent information to ships, by means of narrow-band direct-printing telegraphy. The\n                                          conditions for use of the frequency 490\u00a0kHz are prescribed in Articles 31 and 52. In using the frequency band 415-495\u00a0kHz for the aeronautical radionavigation service,\n                                          administrations are requested to ensure that no harmful interference is caused to\n                                          the frequency 490\u00a0kHz. In using the frequency band 472-479\u00a0kHz for the amateur service,\n                                          administrations shall ensure that no harmful interference is caused to the frequency\n                                          490\u00a0kHz. (WRC-12)\n\n5.82A (SUP \u2013 WRC-12)\n\n5.82B (SUP \u2013 WRC-12)\n\n5.82C The frequency band 495-505\u00a0kHz is used for the international NAVDAT system as described\n                                          in the most recent version of Recommendation ITU-R M.2010. NAVDAT transmitting stations\n                                          are limited to coast stations. (WRC-19)\n\n5.83 (SUP \u2013 WRC-07)\n\n5.84 The conditions for the use of the frequency 518\u00a0kHz by the maritime mobile service\n                                          are prescribed in Articles 31 and 52. (WRC-07)\n\n5.85 Not used.\n\n5.86 In Region 2, in the band 525-535\u00a0kHz the carrier power of broadcasting stations shall\n                                          not exceed 1\u00a0kW during the day and 250\u00a0W at night.\n\n5.87\n Additional allocation: in Angola, Botswana, Eswatini, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia and Niger, the\n                                          frequency band 526.5-535\u00a0kHz is also allocated to the mobile service on a secondary\n                                          basis. (WRC-19)\n\n5.87A\n Additional allocation: in Uzbekistan, the band 526.5-1\u00a0606.5\u00a0kHz is also allocated to the radionavigation\n                                          service on a primary basis. Such use is subject to agreement obtained under No. 9.21 with administrations concerned and limited to ground-based radiobeacons in operation\n                                          on 27\u00a0October 1997\u00a0until the end of their lifetime. (WRC-97)\n\n5.88\n Additional allocation: in China, the band 526.5-535\u00a0kHz is also allocated to the aeronautical radionavigation\n                                          service on a secondary basis.\n\n5.89 In Region 2, the use of the band 1\u00a0605-1\u00a0705\u00a0kHz by stations of the broadcasting\n                                          service is subject to the Plan established by the Regional Administrative Radio Conference\n                                          (Rio de Janeiro, 1988).\n\nThe examination of frequency assignments to stations of the fixed and mobile services\n                                          in the band 1\u00a0625-1\u00a0705\u00a0kHz shall take account of the allotments appearing in the\n                                          Plan established by the Regional Administrative Radio Conference (Rio de Janeiro,\n                                          1988).\n\n5.90 In the band 1\u00a0605-1\u00a0705\u00a0kHz, in cases where a broadcasting station of Region 2\u00a0is\n                                          concerned, the service area of the maritime mobile stations in Region 1\u00a0shall be limited\n                                          to that provided by ground-wave propagation.\n\n5.91\n Additional allocation: in the Philippines and Sri Lanka, the band 1\u00a0606.5-1\u00a0705\u00a0kHz is also allocated to\n                                          the broadcasting service on a secondary basis. (WRC-97)\n\n5.92 Some countries of Region 1\u00a0use radiodetermination systems in the bands 1\u00a0606.5-1\u00a0625\u00a0kHz,\n                                          1\u00a0635-1\u00a0800\u00a0kHz, 1\u00a0850-2\u00a0160\u00a0kHz, 2\u00a0194-2\u00a0300\u00a0kHz, 2\u00a0502-2\u00a0850\u00a0kHz and 3\u00a0500-3\u00a0800\u00a0kHz,\n                                          subject to agreement obtained under No. 9.21. The radiated mean power of these stations shall not exceed 50\u00a0W.\n\n5.93\n Additional allocation: in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, the Russian Federation, Georgia, Hungary, Kazakhstan,\n                                          Latvia, Lithuania, Mongolia, Nigeria, Uzbekistan, Poland, Kyrgyzstan, Slovakia, Tajikistan,\n                                          Chad, Turkmenistan and Ukraine, the frequency bands 1\u00a0625-1\u00a0635\u00a0kHz, 1\u00a0800-1\u00a0810\u00a0kHz\n                                          and 2\u00a0160-2\u00a0170\u00a0kHz are also allocated to the fixed and land mobile services on a\n                                          primary basis, subject to agreement obtained under No. 9.21. (WRC-15)\n\n5.94 and 5.95 Not used.\n\n5.96 In Germany, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Croatia, Denmark, Estonia, the\n                                          Russian Federation, Finland, Georgia, Hungary, Ireland, Iceland, Israel, Kazakhstan,\n                                          Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Malta, Moldova, Norway, Uzbekistan, Poland, Kyrgyzstan,\n                                          Slovakia, the Czech Rep., the United Kingdom, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan\n                                          and Ukraine, administrations may allocate up to 200\u00a0kHz to their amateur service in\n                                          the frequency bands 1\u00a0715-1\u00a0800\u00a0kHz and 1\u00a0850-2\u00a0000\u00a0kHz. However, when allocating\n                                          the frequency bands within this range to their amateur service, administrations shall,\n                                          after prior consultation with administrations of neighbouring countries, take such\n                                          steps as may be necessary to prevent harmful interference from their amateur service\n                                          to the fixed and mobile services of other countries. The mean power of any amateur\n                                          station shall not exceed 10\u00a0W. (WRC-15)\n\n5.97 In Region 3, the Loran system operates either on 1\u00a0850\u00a0kHz or 1\u00a0950\u00a0kHz, the bands\n                                          occupied being 1\u00a0825-1\u00a0875\u00a0kHz and 1\u00a0925-1\u00a0975\u00a0kHz respectively. Other services to\n                                          which the band 1\u00a0800-2\u00a0000\u00a0kHz is allocated may use any frequency therein on condition\n                                          that no harmful interference is caused to the Loran system operating on 1\u00a0850\u00a0kHz\n                                          or 1\u00a0950\u00a0kHz.\n\n5.98\n Alternative allocation: in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Cameroon, Congo (Rep. of the), Denmark,\n                                          Egypt, Eritrea, Spain, Ethiopia, the Russian Federation, Georgia, Greece, Italy, Kazakhstan,\n                                          Lebanon, Lithuania, the Syrian Arab Republic, Kyrgyzstan, Somalia, Tajikistan, Tunisia,\n                                          Turkmenistan and Turkey, the frequency band 1\u00a0810-1\u00a0830\u00a0kHz is allocated to the fixed\n                                          and mobile, except aeronautical mobile, services on a primary basis. (WRC-15)\n\n5.99\n Additional allocation: in Saudi Arabia, Austria, Iraq, Libya, Uzbekistan, Slovakia, Romania, Slovenia, Chad,\n                                          and Togo, the band 1\u00a0810-1\u00a0830\u00a0kHz is also allocated to the fixed and mobile, except\n                                          aeronautical mobile, services on a primary basis. (WRC-12)\n\n5.100 In Region 1, the authorization to use the band 1\u00a0810-1\u00a0830\u00a0kHz by the amateur service\n                                          in countries situated totally or partially north of 40\u00b0 N shall be given only after\n                                          consultation with the countries mentioned in Nos. 5.98 and 5.99 to define the necessary steps to be taken to prevent harmful interference between\n                                          amateur stations and stations of other services operating in accordance with Nos.\n                                          5.98 and 5.99.\n\n5.101 (SUP \u2013 WRC-12)\n\n5.102\n Alternative allocation: in Bolivia, Chile, Paraguay and Peru, the frequency band 1\u00a0850-2\u00a0000\u00a0kHz is allocated\n                                          to the fixed, mobile except aeronautical mobile, radiolocation and radionavigation\n                                          services on a primary basis. (WRC-15)\n\n5.103 In Region 1, in making assignments to stations in the fixed and mobile services in\n                                          the bands 1\u00a0850-2\u00a0045\u00a0kHz, 2\u00a0194-2\u00a0498\u00a0kHz, 2\u00a0502-2\u00a0625\u00a0kHz and 2\u00a0650-2\u00a0850\u00a0kHz, administrations\n                                          should bear in mind the special requirements of the maritime mobile service.\n\n5.104 In Region 1, the use of the band 2\u00a0025-2\u00a0045\u00a0kHz by the meteorological aids service\n                                          is limited to oceanographic buoy stations.\n\n5.105 In Region 2, except in Greenland, coast stations and ship stations using radiotelephony\n                                          in the band 2\u00a0065-2\u00a0107\u00a0kHz shall be limited to class J3E emissions and to a peak\n                                          envelope power not exceeding 1\u00a0kW. Preferably, the following carrier frequencies should\n                                          be used: 2\u00a0065.0\u00a0kHz, 2\u00a0079.0\u00a0kHz, 2\u00a0082.5\u00a0kHz, 2\u00a0086.0\u00a0kHz, 2\u00a0093.0\u00a0kHz, 2\u00a0096.5\u00a0kHz,\n                                          2\u00a0100.0\u00a0kHz and 2\u00a0103.5\u00a0kHz. In Argentina and Uruguay, the carrier frequencies 2\u00a0068.5\u00a0kHz\n                                          and 2\u00a0075.5\u00a0kHz are also used for this purpose, while the frequencies within the band\n                                          2\u00a0072-2\u00a0075.5\u00a0kHz are used as provided in No. 52.165.\n\n5.106 In Regions 2\u00a0and 3, provided no harmful interference is caused to the maritime mobile\n                                          service, the frequencies between 2\u00a0065\u00a0kHz and 2\u00a0107\u00a0kHz may be used by stations of\n                                          the fixed service communicating only within national borders and whose mean power\n                                          does not exceed 50\u00a0W. In notifying the frequencies, the attention of the Bureau should\n                                          be drawn to these provisions.\n\n5.107\n Additional allocation: in Saudi Arabia, Eritrea, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Iraq, Libya and Somalia, the frequency\n                                          band 2\u00a0160-2\u00a0170\u00a0kHz is also allocated to the fixed and mobile, except aeronautical\n                                          mobile (R), services on a primary basis. The mean power of stations in these services\n                                          shall not exceed 50\u00a0W. (WRC-19)\n\n5.108 The carrier frequency 2\u00a0182\u00a0kHz is an international distress and calling frequency\n                                          for radiotelephony. The conditions for the use of the band 2\u00a0173.5-2\u00a0190.5\u00a0kHz are\n                                          prescribed in Articles 31 and 52. (WRC-07)\n\n5.109 The frequencies 2\u00a0187.5\u00a0kHz, 4\u00a0207.5\u00a0kHz, 6\u00a0312\u00a0kHz, 8\u00a0414.5\u00a0kHz, 12\u00a0577\u00a0kHz and\n                                          16\u00a0804.5\u00a0kHz are international distress frequencies for digital selective calling.\n                                          The conditions for the use of these frequencies are prescribed in Article 31.\n\n5.110 The frequencies 2\u00a0174.5\u00a0kHz, 4\u00a0177.5\u00a0kHz, 6\u00a0268\u00a0kHz, 8\u00a0376.5\u00a0kHz, 12\u00a0520\u00a0kHz and\n                                          16\u00a0695\u00a0kHz are international distress frequencies for narrow-band direct-printing\n                                          telegraphy. The conditions for the use of these frequencies are prescribed in Article\n                                          31.\n\n5.111 The carrier frequencies 2\u00a0182\u00a0kHz, 3\u00a0023\u00a0kHz, 5\u00a0680\u00a0kHz, 8\u00a0364\u00a0kHz and the frequencies\n                                          121.5\u00a0MHz, 156.525\u00a0MHz, 156.8\u00a0MHz and 243\u00a0MHz may also be used, in accordance with\n                                          the procedures in force for terrestrial radiocommunication services, for search and\n                                          rescue operations concerning manned space vehicles. The conditions for the use of\n                                          the frequencies are prescribed in Article 31.\n\nThe same applies to the frequencies 10\u00a0003\u00a0kHz, 14\u00a0993\u00a0kHz and 19\u00a0993\u00a0kHz, but in\n                                          each of these cases emissions must be confined in a band of \u00b1 3\u00a0kHz about the frequency.\n                                          (WRC-07)\n\n5.112\n Alternative allocation: in Sri Lanka, the frequency band 2\u00a0194-2\u00a0300\u00a0kHz is allocated to the fixed and mobile,\n                                          except aeronautical mobile, services on a primary basis. (WRC-19)\n\n5.113 For the conditions for the use of the bands 2\u00a0300-2\u00a0495\u00a0kHz (2\u00a0498\u00a0kHz in Region\n                                          1), 3\u00a0200-3\u00a0400\u00a0kHz, 4\u00a0750-4\u00a0995\u00a0kHz and 5\u00a0005-5\u00a0060\u00a0kHz by the broadcasting service,\n                                          see Nos. 5.16 to 5.20, 5.21 and 23.3 to 23.10.\n\n5.114\n Alternative allocation: in Iraq, the frequency band 2\u00a0502-2\u00a0625\u00a0kHz is allocated to the fixed and mobile,\n                                          except aeronautical mobile, services on a primary basis. (WRC-19)\n\n5.115 The carrier (reference) frequencies 3\u00a0023\u00a0kHz and 5\u00a0680\u00a0kHz may also be used, in\n                                          accordance with Article 31, by stations of the maritime mobile service engaged in coordinated search and rescue\n                                          operations. (WRC-07)\n\n5.116 Administrations are urged to authorize the use of the band 3\u00a0155-3\u00a0195\u00a0kHz to provide\n                                          a common worldwide channel for low power wireless hearing aids. Additional channels\n                                          for these devices may be assigned by administrations in the bands between 3\u00a0155\u00a0kHz\n                                          and 3\u00a0400\u00a0kHz to suit local needs.\n\nIt should be noted that frequencies in the range 3\u00a0000\u00a0kHz to 4\u00a0000\u00a0kHz are suitable\n                                          for hearing aid devices which are designed to operate over short distances within\n                                          the induction field.\n\n5.117\n Alternative allocation: in C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, Egypt, Liberia, Sri Lanka and Togo, the frequency band 3\u00a0155-3\u00a0200\u00a0kHz\n                                          is allocated to the fixed and mobile, except aeronautical mobile, services on a primary\n                                          basis. (WRC-19)\n\n5.118\n Additional allocation: in the United States, Mexico and Peru, the frequency band 3\u00a0230-3\u00a0400\u00a0kHz is also\n                                          allocated to the radiolocation service on a secondary basis. (WRC-19)\n\n5.119\n Additional allocation: in Peru, the frequency band 3\u00a0500-3\u00a0750\u00a0kHz is also allocated to the fixed and mobile\n                                          services on a primary basis. (WRC-15)\n\n5.120 (SUP \u2013 WRC-2000)\n\n5.121 Not used.\n\n5.122\n Alternative allocation: in Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador, Paraguay and Peru, the frequency band 3\u00a0750-4\u00a0000\u00a0kHz\n                                          is allocated to the fixed and mobile, except aeronautical mobile, services on a primary\n                                          basis. (WRC-15)\n\n5.123\n Additional allocation: in Botswana, Eswatini, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia\n                                          and Zimbabwe, the frequency band 3\u00a0900-3\u00a0950\u00a0kHz is also allocated to the broadcasting\n                                          service on a primary basis, subject to agreement obtained under No. 9.21. (WRC-19)\n\n5.124 (SUP \u2013 WRC-2000)\n\n5.125\n Additional allocation: in Greenland, the band 3\u00a0950-4\u00a0000\u00a0kHz is also allocated to the broadcasting service\n                                          on a primary basis. The power of the broadcasting stations operating in this band\n                                          shall not exceed that necessary for a national service and shall in no case exceed\n                                          5\u00a0kW.\n\n5.126 In Region 3, the stations of those services to which the band 3\u00a0995-4\u00a0005\u00a0kHz is\n                                          allocated may transmit standard frequency and time signals.\n\n5.127 The use of the band 4\u00a0000-4\u00a0063\u00a0kHz by the maritime mobile service is limited to\n                                          ship stations using radiotelephony (see No. 52.220 and Appendix 17).\n\n5.128 Frequencies in the frequency bands 4\u00a0063-4\u00a0123\u00a0kHz and 4\u00a0130-4\u00a0438\u00a0kHz may be used\n                                          exceptionally by stations in the fixed service, communicating only within the boundary\n                                          of the country in which they are located, with a mean power not exceeding 50\u00a0W, on\n                                          condition that harmful interference is not caused to the maritime mobile service.\n                                          In addition, in Afghanistan, Argentina, Armenia, Belarus, Botswana, Burkina Faso,\n                                          the Central African Rep., China, the Russian Federation, Georgia, India, Kazakhstan,\n                                          Mali, Niger, Pakistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Chad, Turkmenistan and Ukraine, in\n                                          the frequency bands 4\u00a0063-4\u00a0123\u00a0kHz, 4\u00a0130-4\u00a0133\u00a0kHz and 4\u00a0408-4\u00a0438\u00a0kHz, stations\n                                          in the fixed service, with a mean power not exceeding 1\u00a0kW, can be operated on condition\n                                          that they are situated at least 600\u00a0km from the coast and that harmful interference\n                                          is not caused to the maritime mobile service. (WRC-19)\n\n5.129 (SUP \u2013 WRC-07)\n\n5.130 The conditions for the use of the carrier frequencies 4\u00a0125\u00a0kHz and 6\u00a0215\u00a0kHz are\n                                          prescribed in Articles 31 and 52. (WRC-07)\n\n5.131 The frequency 4\u00a0209.5\u00a0kHz is used exclusively for the transmission by coast stations\n                                          of meteorological and navigational warnings and urgent information to ships by means\n                                          of narrow-band direct-printing techniques. (WRC-97)\n\n5.132 The frequencies 4\u00a0210\u00a0kHz, 6\u00a0314\u00a0kHz, 8\u00a0416.5\u00a0kHz, 12\u00a0579\u00a0kHz, 16\u00a0806.5\u00a0kHz, 19\u00a0680.5\u00a0kHz,\n                                          22\u00a0376\u00a0kHz and 26\u00a0100.5\u00a0kHz are the international frequencies for the transmission\n                                          of maritime safety information (MSI) (see Appendix 17).\n\n5.132A Stations in the radiolocation service shall not cause harmful interference to, or\n                                          claim protection from, stations operating in the fixed or mobile services. Applications\n                                          of the radiolocation service are limited to oceanographic radars operating in accordance\n                                          with Resolution 612\u00a0(Rev.WRC-12). (WRC-12)\n\n5.132B\n Alternative allocation: in Armenia, Belarus, Moldova and Kyrgyzstan, the frequency band 4\u00a0438- 4\u00a0488\u00a0kHz\n                                          is allocated to the fixed and mobile, except aeronautical mobile (R), services on\n                                          a primary basis. (WRC-19)\n\n5.133\n Different category of service: in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, the Russian Federation, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Latvia,\n                                          Lithuania, Niger, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Ukraine, the\n                                          allocation of the band 5\u00a0130-5\u00a0250\u00a0kHz to the mobile, except aeronautical mobile,\n                                          service is on a primary basis (see No. 5.33). (WRC-12)\n\n5.133A\n Alternative allocation: in Armenia, Belarus, Moldova and Kyrgyzstan, the frequency bands 5\u00a0250- 5\u00a0275\u00a0kHz\n                                          and 26\u00a0200-26\u00a0350\u00a0kHz are allocated to the fixed and mobile, except aeronautical mobile,\n                                          services on a primary basis. (WRC-19)\n\n5.133B Stations in the amateur service using the frequency band 5\u00a0351.5-5\u00a0366.5\u00a0kHz shall\n                                          not exceed a maximum radiated power of 15\u00a0W (e.i.r.p.). However, in Region 2\u00a0in Mexico,\n                                          stations in the amateur service using the frequency band 5\u00a0351.5-5\u00a0366.5\u00a0kHz shall\n                                          not exceed a maximum radiated power of 20\u00a0W (e.i.r.p.). In the following Region 2\u00a0countries:\n                                          Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile,\n                                          Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Dominica, El Salvador, Ecuador, Grenada,\n                                          Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Saint\n                                          Lucia, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad\n                                          and Tobago, Uruguay, Venezuela, as well as the overseas countries and territories\n                                          within the Kingdom of the Netherlands in Region 2, stations in the amateur service\n                                          using the frequency band 5\u00a0351.5-5\u00a0366.5\u00a0kHz shall not exceed a maximum radiated power\n                                          of 25\u00a0W (e.i.r.p.). (WRC-19)\n\n5.134 The use of the frequency bands 5\u00a0900-5\u00a0950\u00a0kHz, 7\u00a0300-7\u00a0350\u00a0kHz, 9\u00a0400-9\u00a0500\u00a0kHz,\n                                          11\u00a0600-11\u00a0650\u00a0kHz, 12\u00a0050-12\u00a0100\u00a0kHz, 13\u00a0570-13\u00a0600\u00a0kHz, 13\u00a0800-13\u00a0870\u00a0kHz, 15\u00a0600-15\u00a0800\u00a0kHz,\n                                          17\u00a0480-17\u00a0550\u00a0kHz and 18\u00a0900-19\u00a0020\u00a0kHz by the broadcasting service is subject to\n                                          the application of the procedure of Article 12. Administrations are encouraged to use these frequency bands to facilitate the introduction\n                                          of digitally modulated emissions in accordance with the provisions of Resolution 517\u00a0(Rev.WRC-19). (WRC-19)\n\n5.135 (SUP \u2013 WRC-97)\n\n5.136\n Additional allocation: frequencies in the band 5\u00a0900-5\u00a0950\u00a0kHz may be used by stations in the following\n                                          services, communicating only within the boundary of the country in which they are\n                                          located: fixed service (in all three Regions), land mobile service (in Region 1),\n                                          mobile except aeronautical mobile (R) service (in Regions 2\u00a0and 3), on condition that\n                                          harmful interference is not caused to the broadcasting service. When using frequencies\n                                          for these services, administrations are urged to use the minimum power required and\n                                          to take account of the seasonal use of frequencies by the broadcasting service published\n                                          in accordance with the Radio Regulations. (WRC-07)\n\n5.137 On condition that harmful interference is not caused to the maritime mobile service,\n                                          the bands 6\u00a0200-6\u00a0213.5\u00a0kHz and 6\u00a0220.5-6\u00a0525\u00a0kHz may be used exceptionally by stations\n                                          in the fixed service, communicating only within the boundary of the country in which\n                                          they are located, with a mean power not exceeding 50\u00a0W. At the time of notification\n                                          of these frequencies, the attention of the Bureau will be drawn to the above conditions.\n\n5.138 The following bands:\n\n6\u00a0765-6\u00a0795\u00a0kHz\n\n(centre frequency 6\u00a0780\u00a0kHz),\n\n433.05-434.79\u00a0MHz\n\n(centre frequency 433.92\u00a0MHz) in Region 1\u00a0except in the countries mentioned in No.\n                                                         5.280,\n\n61-61.5\u00a0GHz\n\n(centre frequency 61.25\u00a0GHz),\n\n122-123\u00a0GHz\n\n(centre frequency 122.5\u00a0GHz), and\n\n244-246\u00a0GHz\n\n(centre frequency 245\u00a0GHz)\n\nare designated for industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) applications. The use\n                                          of these frequency bands for ISM applications shall be subject to special authorization\n                                          by the administration concerned, in agreement with other administrations whose radiocommunication\n                                          services might be affected. In applying this provision, administrations shall have\n                                          due regard to the latest relevant ITU-R Recommendations.\n\n5.138A (SUP \u2013 WRC-12)\n\n5.139 (SUP \u2013 WRC-12)\n\n5.140\n Additional allocation: in Angola, Iraq, Somalia and Togo, the frequency band 7\u00a0000-7\u00a0050\u00a0kHz is also allocated\n                                          to the fixed service on a primary basis. (WRC-15)\n\n5.141\n Alternative allocation: in Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Guinea, Libya, Madagascar and Niger, the band 7\u00a0000-7\u00a0050\u00a0kHz\n                                          is allocated to the fixed service on a primary basis. (WRC-12)\n\n5.141A \nAdditional allocation: in Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan, the bands 7\u00a0000-7\u00a0100\u00a0kHz and 7\u00a0100-7\u00a0200\u00a0kHz are also\n                                          allocated to the fixed and land mobile services on a secondary basis. (WRC-03)\n\n5.141B \nAdditional allocation: in Algeria, Saudi Arabia, Australia, Bahrain, Botswana, Brunei Darussalam, China,\n                                          Comoros, Korea (Rep. of), Diego Garcia, Djibouti, Egypt, United Arab Emirates, Eritrea,\n                                          Guinea, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Japan, Jordan, Kuwait, Libya, Mali,\n                                          Morocco, Mauritania, Niger, New Zealand, Oman, Papua New Guinea, Qatar, the Syrian\n                                          Arab Republic, the Dem. People\u2019s Rep. of Korea, Singapore, Sudan, South Sudan, Tunisia,\n                                          Viet Nam and Yemen, the frequency band 7\u00a0100-7\u00a0200\u00a0kHz is also allocated to the fixed\n                                          and the mobile, except aeronautical mobile (R), services on a primary basis. (WRC-19)\n\n5.141C (SUP \u2013 WRC-12)\n\n5.142 The use of the band 7\u00a0200-7\u00a0300\u00a0kHz in Region 2\u00a0by the amateur service shall not\n                                          impose constraints on the broadcasting service intended for use within Region 1\u00a0and\n                                          Region 3. (WRC-12)\n\n5.143\n Additional allocation: frequencies in the band 7\u00a0300-7\u00a0350\u00a0kHz may be used by stations in the fixed service\n                                          and in the land mobile service, communicating only within the boundary of the country\n                                          in which they are located, on condition that harmful interference is not caused to\n                                          the broadcasting service. When using frequencies for these services, administrations\n                                          are urged to use the minimum power required and to take account of the seasonal use\n                                          of frequencies by the broadcasting service published in accordance with the Radio\n                                          Regulations. (WRC-07)\n\n5.143A In Region 3, frequencies in the band 7\u00a0350-7\u00a0450\u00a0kHz may be used by stations in the\n                                          fixed service on a primary basis and land mobile service on a secondary basis, communicating\n                                          only within the boundary of the country in which they are located, on condition that\n                                          harmful interference is not caused to the broadcasting service. When using frequencies\n                                          for these services, administrations are urged to use the minimum power required and\n                                          to take account of the seasonal use of frequencies by the broadcasting service published\n                                          in accordance with the Radio Regulations. (WRC-12)\n\n5.143B In Region 1, frequencies in the band 7\u00a0350-7\u00a0450\u00a0kHz may be used by stations in the\n                                          fixed and land mobile services communicating only within the boundary of the country\n                                          in which they are located on condition that harmful interference is not caused to\n                                          the broadcasting service. The total radiated power of each station shall not exceed\n                                          24\u00a0dBW. (WRC-12)\n\n5.143C \n Additional allocation: in Algeria, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Comoros, Djibouti, Egypt, United Arab Emirates,\n                                          Iran (Islamic Republic of), Jordan, Kuwait, Libya, Morocco, Mauritania, Niger, Oman,\n                                          Qatar, the Syrian Arab Republic, Sudan, South Sudan, Tunisia and Yemen, the bands\n                                          7\u00a0350-7\u00a0400\u00a0kHz and 7\u00a0400-7\u00a0450\u00a0kHz are also allocated to the fixed service on a primary\n                                          basis. (WRC-12)\n\n5.143D In Region 2, frequencies in the band 7\u00a0350-7\u00a0400\u00a0kHz may be used by stations in the\n                                          fixed service and in the land mobile service, communicating only within the boundary\n                                          of the country in which they are located, on condition that harmful interference is\n                                          not caused to the broadcasting service. When using frequencies for these services,\n                                          administrations are urged to use the minimum power required and to take account of\n                                          the seasonal use of frequencies by the broadcasting service published in accordance\n                                          with the Radio Regulations. (WRC-12)\n\n5.143E (SUP \u2013 WRC-12)\n\n5.144 In Region 3, the stations of those services to which the band 7\u00a0995-8\u00a0005\u00a0kHz is\n                                          allocated may transmit standard frequency and time signals.\n\n5.145 The conditions for the use of the carrier frequencies 8\u00a0291\u00a0kHz, 12\u00a0290\u00a0kHz and 16\u00a0420\u00a0kHz\n                                          are prescribed in Articles 31 and 52. (WRC-07)\n\n5.145A Stations in the radiolocation service shall not cause harmful interference to, or\n                                          claim protection from, stations operating in the fixed service. Applications of the\n                                          radiolocation service are limited to oceanographic radars operating in accordance\n                                          with Resolution 612\u00a0(Rev.WRC-12). (WRC-12)\n\n5.145B\n Alternative allocation: in Armenia, Belarus, Moldova and Kyrgyzstan, the frequency bands 9\u00a0305- 9\u00a0355\u00a0kHz\n                                          and 16\u00a0100-16\u00a0200\u00a0kHz are allocated to the fixed service on a primary basis. (WRC-19)\n\n5.146\n Additional allocation: frequencies in the bands 9\u00a0400-9\u00a0500\u00a0kHz, 11\u00a0600-11\u00a0650\u00a0kHz, 12\u00a0050-12\u00a0100\u00a0kHz, 15\u00a0600-15\u00a0800\u00a0kHz,\n                                          17\u00a0480-17\u00a0550\u00a0kHz and 18\u00a0900-19\u00a0020\u00a0kHz may be used by stations in the fixed service,\n                                          communicating only within the boundary of the country in which they are located, on\n                                          condition that harmful interference is not caused to the broadcasting service. When\n                                          using frequencies in the fixed service, administrations are urged to use the minimum\n                                          power required and to take account of the seasonal use of frequencies by the broadcasting\n                                          service published in accordance with the Radio Regulations. (WRC-07)\n\n5.147 On condition that harmful interference is not caused to the broadcasting service,\n                                          frequencies in the bands 9\u00a0775-9\u00a0900\u00a0kHz, 11\u00a0650-11\u00a0700\u00a0kHz and 11\u00a0975-12\u00a0050\u00a0kHz\n                                          may be used by stations in the fixed service communicating only within the boundary\n                                          of the country in which they are located, each station using a total radiated power\n                                          not exceeding 24\u00a0dBW.\n\n5.148 (SUP \u2013 WRC-97)\n\n5.149 In making assignments to stations of other services to which the bands:\n\n13\u00a0360-13\u00a0410\u00a0kHz,\n\n4\u00a0950-4\u00a0990\u00a0MHz,\n\n102-109.5\u00a0GHz,\n\n25\u00a0550-25\u00a0670\u00a0kHz,\n\n4\u00a0990-5\u00a0000\u00a0MHz,\n\n111.8-114.25\u00a0GHz,\n\n37.5-38.25\u00a0MHz,\n\n6\u00a0650-6\u00a0675.2\u00a0MHz,\n\n128.33-128.59\u00a0GHz,\n\n73-74.6\u00a0MHz in Regions 1\u00a0and 3,\n\n10.6-10.68\u00a0GHz,\n\n129.23-129.49\u00a0GHz,\n\n150.05-153\u00a0MHz in Region 1,\n\n14.47-14.5\u00a0GHz,\n\n130-134\u00a0GHz,\n\n322-328.6\u00a0MHz,\n\n22.01-22.21\u00a0GHz,\n\n136-148.5\u00a0GHz,\n\n406.1-410\u00a0MHz,\n\n22.21-22.5\u00a0GHz,\n\n151.5-158.5\u00a0GHz,\n\n608-614\u00a0MHz in Regions 1\u00a0and 3,\n\n22.81-22.86\u00a0GHz,\n\n168.59-168.93\u00a0GHz,\n\n1\u00a0330-1\u00a0400\u00a0MHz,\n\n23.07-23.12\u00a0GHz,\n\n171.11-171.45\u00a0GHz,\n\n1\u00a0610.6-1\u00a0613.8\u00a0MHz,\n\n31.2-31.3\u00a0GHz,\n\n172.31-172.65\u00a0GHz,\n\n1\u00a0660-1\u00a0670\u00a0MHz,\n\n31.5-31.8\u00a0GHz in Regions 1\u00a0and 3,\n\n173.52-173.85\u00a0GHz,\n\n1\u00a0718.8-1\u00a0722.2\u00a0MHz,\n\n36.43-36.5\u00a0GHz,\n\n195.75-196.15\u00a0GHz,\n\n2\u00a0655-2\u00a0690\u00a0MHz,\n\n42.5-43.5\u00a0GHz,\n\n209-226\u00a0GHz,\n\n3\u00a0260-3\u00a0267\u00a0MHz,\n\n48.94-49.04\u00a0GHz,\n\n241-250\u00a0GHz,\n\n3\u00a0332-3\u00a0339\u00a0MHz,\n\n76-86\u00a0GHz,\n\n252-275\u00a0GHz\n\n3\u00a0345.8-3\u00a0352.5\u00a0MHz,\n\n92-94\u00a0GHz,\n\n4\u00a0825-4\u00a0835\u00a0MHz,\n\n94.1-100\u00a0GHz,\n\nare allocated, administrations are urged to take all practicable steps to protect\n                                          the radio astronomy service from harmful interference. Emissions from spaceborne or\n                                          airborne stations can be particularly serious sources of interference to the radio\n                                          astronomy service (see Nos. 4.5 and 4.6 and Article 29). (WRC-07)\n\n5.149A \nAlternative allocation: in Armenia, Belarus, Moldova and Kyrgyzstan, the frequency band 13\u00a0450-13\u00a0550\u00a0kHz\n                                          is allocated to the fixed service on a primary basis and to the mobile, except aeronautical\n                                          mobile (R), service on a secondary basis. (WRC-19)\n\n5.150 The following bands:\n\n13\u00a0553-13\u00a0567\u00a0kHz\n\n(centre frequency 13\u00a0560\u00a0kHz),\n\n26\u00a0957-27\u00a0283\u00a0kHz\n\n(centre frequency 27\u00a0120\u00a0kHz),\n\n40.66-40.70\u00a0MHz\n\n(centre frequency 40.68\u00a0MHz),\n\n902-928\u00a0MHz\n\nin Region 2\u00a0(centre frequency 915\u00a0MHz),\n\n2\u00a0400-2\u00a0500\u00a0MHz\n\n(centre frequency 2\u00a0450\u00a0MHz),\n\n5\u00a0725-5\u00a0875\u00a0MHz\n\n(centre frequency 5\u00a0800\u00a0MHz), and\n\n24-24.25\u00a0GHz\n\n(centre frequency 24.125\u00a0GHz)\n\nare also designated for industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) applications. Radiocommunication\n                                          services operating within these bands must accept harmful interference which may be\n                                          caused by these applications. ISM equipment operating in these bands is subject to\n                                          the provisions of No. 15.13.\n\n5.151\n Additional allocation: frequencies in the bands 13\u00a0570-13\u00a0600\u00a0kHz and 13\u00a0800-13\u00a0870\u00a0kHz may be used by stations\n                                          in the fixed service and in the mobile except aeronautical mobile (R) service, communicating\n                                          only within the boundary of the country in which they are located, on the condition\n                                          that harmful interference is not caused to the broadcasting service. When using frequencies\n                                          in these services, administrations are urged to use the minimum power required and\n                                          to take account of the seasonal use of frequencies by the broadcasting service published\n                                          in accordance with the Radio Regulations. (WRC-07)\n\n5.152\n Additional allocation: in Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, the Russian Federation, Georgia, Iran\n                                          (Islamic Republic of), Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan\n                                          and Ukraine, the band 14\u00a0250-14\u00a0350\u00a0kHz is also allocated to the fixed service on\n                                          a primary basis. Stations of the fixed service shall not use a radiated power exceeding\n                                          24\u00a0dBW. (WRC-03)\n\n5.153 In Region 3, the stations of those services to which the band 15\u00a0995-16\u00a0005\u00a0kHz is\n                                          allocated may transmit standard frequency and time signals.\n\n5.154\n Additional allocation: in Armenia, Azerbaijan, the Russian Federation, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan,\n                                          Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Ukraine, the band 18\u00a0068-18\u00a0168\u00a0kHz is also allocated\n                                          to the fixed service on a primary basis for use within their boundaries, with a peak\n                                          envelope power not exceeding 1\u00a0kW. (WRC-03)\n\n5.155\n Additional allocation: in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, the Russian Federation, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Moldova,\n                                          Mongolia, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Slovakia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Ukraine,\n                                          the band 21\u00a0850-21\u00a0870\u00a0kHz is also allocated to the aeronautical mobile (R) service\n                                          on a primary basis. (WRC-07)\n\n5.155A In Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, the Russian Federation, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Moldova,\n                                          Mongolia, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Slovakia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Ukraine,\n                                          the use of the band 21\u00a0850-21\u00a0870\u00a0kHz by the fixed service is limited to provision\n                                          of services related to aircraft flight safety. (WRC-07)\n\n5.155B The band 21\u00a0870-21\u00a0924\u00a0kHz is used by the fixed service for provision of services\n                                          related to aircraft flight safety.\n\n5.156\n Additional allocation: in Nigeria, the band 22\u00a0720-23\u00a0200\u00a0kHz is also allocated to the meteorological aids\n                                          service (radiosondes) on a primary basis.\n\n5.156A The use of the band 23\u00a0200-23\u00a0350\u00a0kHz by the fixed service is limited to provision\n                                          of services related to aircraft flight safety.\n\n5.157 The use of the band 23\u00a0350-24\u00a0000\u00a0kHz by the maritime mobile service is limited to\n                                          inter-ship radiotelegraphy.\n\n5.158\n Alternative allocation: in Armenia, Belarus, Moldova and Kyrgyzstan, the frequency band 24\u00a0450- 24\u00a0600\u00a0kHz\n                                          is allocated to the fixed and land mobile services on a primary basis. (WRC-19)\n\n5.159\n Alternative allocation: in Armenia, Belarus, Moldova and Kyrgyzstan, the frequency band 39-39.5\u00a0MHz is allocated\n                                          to the fixed and mobile services on a primary basis. (WRC-19)\n\n5.160\n Additional allocation: in Botswana, Burundi, Dem. Rep. of the Congo and Rwanda, the band 41-44\u00a0MHz is also\n                                          allocated to the aeronautical radionavigation service on a primary basis. (WRC-12)\n\n5.161\n Additional allocation: in Iran (Islamic Republic of) and Japan, the band 41-44\u00a0MHz is also allocated to\n                                          the radiolocation service on a secondary basis.\n\n5.161A \nAdditional allocation: in Korea (Rep. of), the United States and Mexico, the frequency bands 41.015- 41.665\u00a0MHz\n                                          and 43.35-44\u00a0MHz are also allocated to the radiolocation service on a primary basis.\n                                          Stations in the radiolocation service shall not cause harmful interference to, or\n                                          claim protection from, stations operating in the fixed or mobile services. Applications\n                                          of the radiolocation service are limited to oceanographic radars operating in accordance\n                                          with Resolution 612\u00a0(Rev.WRC-12). (WRC-19)\n\n5.161B \nAlternative allocation: in Albania, Germany, Armenia, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina,\n                                          Cyprus, Vatican, Croatia, Denmark, Spain, Estonia, Finland, France, Greece, Hungary,\n                                          Ireland, Iceland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, North Macedonia,\n                                          Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Norway, Uzbekistan, Netherlands, Portugal, Kyrgyzstan,\n                                          Slovakia, Czech Rep., Romania, United Kingdom, San Marino, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland,\n                                          Turkey and Ukraine, the frequency band 42-42.5\u00a0MHz is allocated to the fixed and mobile\n                                          services on a primary basis. (WRC-19)\n\n5.162\n Additional allocation: in Australia, the band 44-47\u00a0MHz is also allocated to the broadcasting service on\n                                          a primary basis. (WRC-12)\n\n5.162A \nAdditional allocation: in Germany, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, China, Vatican, Denmark, Spain,\n                                          Estonia, the Russian Federation, Finland, France, Ireland, Iceland, Italy, Latvia,\n                                          Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, North Macedonia, Monaco, Montenegro, Norway,\n                                          the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, the Czech Rep., the United Kingdom, Serbia, Slovenia,\n                                          Sweden and Switzerland the frequency band 46-68\u00a0MHz is also allocated to the radiolocation\n                                          service on a secondary basis. This use is limited to the operation of wind profiler\n                                          radars in accordance with Resolution 217\u00a0(WRC-97). (WRC-19)\n\n5.163\n Additional allocation: in Armenia, Belarus, the Russian Federation, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Moldova,\n                                          Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Ukraine, the frequency bands\n                                          47-48.5\u00a0MHz and 56.5-58\u00a0MHz are also allocated to the fixed and land mobile services\n                                          on a secondary basis. (WRC-19)\n\n5.164\n Additional allocation: in Albania, Algeria, Germany, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana,\n                                          Bulgaria, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, Croatia, Denmark, Spain, Estonia, Eswatini, Finland, France,\n                                          Gabon, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Liechtenstein,\n                                          Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Mali, Malta, Morocco, Mauritania, Monaco, Montenegro,\n                                          Nigeria, Norway, the Netherlands, Poland, Syrian Arab Republic, Slovakia, Czech Rep.,\n                                          Romania, the United Kingdom, Serbia, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland, Chad, Togo, Tunisia\n                                          and Turkey, the frequency band 47-68\u00a0MHz, in South Africa the frequency band 47-50\u00a0MHz,\n                                          and in Latvia the frequency bands 48.5-56.5\u00a0MHz and 58-68\u00a0MHz, are also allocated\n                                          to the land mobile service on a primary basis. However, stations of the land mobile\n                                          service in the countries mentioned in connection with each frequency band referred\n                                          to in this footnote shall not cause harmful interference to, or claim protection from,\n                                          existing or planned broadcasting stations of countries other than those mentioned\n                                          in connection with the frequency band. (WRC-19)\n\n5.165\n Additional allocation: in Angola, Cameroon, Congo (Rep. of the), Egypt, Madagascar, Mozambique, Niger, Somalia,\n                                          Sudan, South Sudan, Tanzania and Chad, the frequency band 47-68\u00a0MHz is also allocated\n                                          to the fixed and mobile, except aeronautical mobile, services on a primary basis.\n                                          (WRC-19)\n\n5.166 (SUP \u2013 WRC-15)\n\n5.166A \nDifferent category of service: in Austria, Cyprus, the Vatican, Croatia, Denmark, Spain, Finland, Hungary, Latvia,\n                                          the Netherlands, the Czech Republic, the United Kingdom, Slovakia and Slovenia, the\n                                          frequency band 50.0-50.5\u00a0MHz is allocated to the amateur service on a primary basis.\n                                          Stations in the amateur service in these countries shall not cause harmful interference\n                                          to, or claim protection from, stations of the broadcasting, fixed and mobile services\n                                          operating in accordance with the Radio Regulations in the frequency band 50.0-50.5\u00a0MHz\n                                          in the countries not listed in this provision. For a station of these services, the\n                                          protection criteria in No. 5.169B shall also apply. In Region 1, with the exception of those countries listed in No.\n                                          5.169, wind profiler radars operating in the radiolocation service under No. 5.162A are authorized to operate on the basis of equality with stations in the amateur service\n                                          in the frequency band 50.0-50.5\u00a0MHz. (WRC-19)\n\n5.166B In Region 1, stations in the amateur service operating on a secondary basis shall\n                                          not cause harmful interference to, or claim protection from, stations of the broadcasting\n                                          service. The field strength generated by an amateur station in Region 1\u00a0in the frequency\n                                          band 50-52\u00a0MHz shall not exceed a calculated value of +6\u00a0dB(\u03bcV/m) at a height of 10\u00a0m\n                                          above ground for more than 10% of time along the border of a country with operational\n                                          analogue broadcasting stations in Region 1\u00a0and of neighbouring countries with broadcasting\n                                          stations in Region 3\u00a0listed in Nos. 5.167 and 5.168. (WRC-19)\n\n5.166C In Region 1, stations in the amateur service in the frequency band 50-52\u00a0MHz, with\n                                          the exception of those countries listed in No. 5.169, shall not cause harmful interference to, or claim protection from, wind profiler\n                                          radars operating in the radiolocation service under No. 5.162A. (WRC-19)\n\n5.166D \nDifferent category of service: in Lebanon, the frequency band 50-52\u00a0MHz is allocated to the amateur service on a\n                                          primary basis. Stations in the amateur service in Lebanon shall not cause harmful\n                                          interference to, or claim protection from, stations of the broadcasting, fixed and\n                                          mobile services operating in accordance with the Radio Regulations in the frequency\n                                          band 50-52\u00a0MHz in the countries not listed in this provision. (WRC-19)\n\n5.166E In the Russian Federation, only the frequency band 50.080-50.280\u00a0MHz is allocated\n                                          to the amateur service on a secondary basis. The protection criteria for the other\n                                          services in the countries not listed in this provision are specified in Nos. 5.166B and 5.169B. (WRC-19)\n\n5.167\n Alternative allocation: in Bangladesh, Brunei Darussalam, India, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Pakistan and\n                                          Singapore, the frequency band 50-54\u00a0MHz is allocated to the fixed, mobile and broadcasting\n                                          services on a primary basis. (WRC-15)\n\n5.167A \nAdditional allocation: in Indonesia and Thailand, the frequency band 50-54\u00a0MHz is also allocated to the\n                                          fixed, mobile and broadcasting services on a primary basis. (WRC-15)\n\n5.168\n Additional allocation: in Australia, China and the Dem. People\u2019s Rep. of Korea, the band 50-54\u00a0MHz is also\n                                          allocated to the broadcasting service on a primary basis.\n\n5.169\n\n Alternative allocation: in Botswana, Eswatini, Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia, Rwanda, South Africa, Zambia and\n                                          Zimbabwe, the frequency band 50-54\u00a0MHz is allocated to the amateur service on a primary\n                                          basis. In Senegal, the frequency band 50-51\u00a0MHz is allocated to the amateur service\n                                          on a primary basis. (WRC-19)\n\n5.169A \nAlternative allocation: in the following countries in Region 1: Angola, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Burkina Faso,\n                                          Burundi, the United Arab Emirates, Gambia, Jordan, Kenya, Kuwait, Mauritius, Mozambique,\n                                          Oman, Uganda, Qatar, South Sudan and Tanzania, the frequency band 50-54\u00a0MHz is allocated\n                                          to the amateur service on a primary basis. In Guinea-Bissau, the frequency band 50.0-50.5\u00a0MHz\n                                          is allocated to the amateur service on a primary basis. In Djibouti, the frequency\n                                          band 50-52\u00a0MHz is allocated to the amateur service on a primary basis. With the exception\n                                          of those countries listed in No. 5.169, stations in the amateur service operating in Region 1\u00a0under this footnote, in all\n                                          or part of the frequency band 50-54\u00a0MHz, shall not cause harmful interference to,\n                                          or claim protection from, stations of other services operating in accordance with\n                                          the Radio Regulations in Algeria, Egypt, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Israel,\n                                          Libya, Palestine14, the Syrian Arab Republic, the Dem. People\u2019s Republic of Korea, Sudan and Tunisia.\n                                          The field strength generated by an amateur station in the frequency band 50-54\u00a0MHz\n                                          shall not exceed a value of +6\u00a0dB(\u03bcV/m) at a height of 10\u00a0m above ground for more\n                                          than 10% of time along the borders of listed countries requiring protection. (WRC-19)\n\n5.169B Except countries listed under No. 5.169, stations in the amateur service used in Region 1, in all or part of the 50-54\u00a0MHz\n                                          frequency band, shall not cause harmful interference to, or claim protection from,\n                                          stations of other services used in accordance with the Radio Regulations in Algeria,\n                                          Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Egypt, Russian Federation, Iran (Islamic Republic of),\n                                          Iraq, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Libya, Uzbekistan, Palestine15, the Syrian Arab Republic, Sudan, Tunisia and Ukraine. The field strength generated\n                                          by an amateur station in the frequency band 50-54\u00a0MHz shall not exceed a value of\n                                          +6\u00a0dB(\u03bcV/m) at a height of 10\u00a0m above ground for more than 10% of time along the borders\n                                          of the countries listed in this provision. (WRC-19)\n\n5.170\n Additional allocation: in New Zealand, the frequency band 51-54\u00a0MHz is also allocated to the fixed and mobile\n                                          services on a primary basis. (WRC-15)\n\n5.171\n Additional allocation: in Botswana, Eswatini, Lesotho, Malawi, Mali, Namibia, Dem. Rep. of the Congo, Rwanda,\n                                          South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe, the frequency band 54-68\u00a0MHz is also allocated\n                                          to the fixed and mobile, except aeronautical mobile, services on a primary basis.\n                                          (WRC-19)\n\n5.172\n Different category of service: in the French overseas departments and communities in Region 2\u00a0and Guyana, the allocation\n                                          of the frequency band 54-68\u00a0MHz to the fixed and mobile services is on a primary basis\n                                          (see No. 5.33). (WRC-15)\n\n5.173\n Different category of service: in the French overseas departments and communities in Region 2\u00a0and Guyana, the allocation\n                                          of the frequency band 68-72\u00a0MHz to the fixed and mobile services is on a primary basis\n                                          (see No. 5.33). (WRC-15)\n\n5.174 (SUP \u2013 WRC-07)\n\n5.175\n Alternative allocation: in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, the Russian Federation, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Moldova,\n                                          Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Ukraine, the bands 68-73\u00a0MHz\n                                          and 76-87.5\u00a0MHz are allocated to the broadcasting service on a primary basis. In Latvia\n                                          and Lithuania, the bands 68-73\u00a0MHz and 76-87.5\u00a0MHz are allocated to the broadcasting\n                                          and mobile, except aeronautical mobile, services on a primary basis. The services\n                                          to which these bands are allocated in other countries and the broadcasting service\n                                          in the countries listed above are subject to agreements with the neighbouring countries\n                                          concerned. (WRC-07)\n\n5.176\n Additional allocation: in Australia, China, Korea (Rep. of), the Philippines, the Dem. People\u2019s Rep. of\n                                          Korea and Samoa, the band 68-74\u00a0MHz is also allocated to the broadcasting service\n                                          on a primary basis. (WRC-07)\n\n5.177\n Additional allocation: in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, the Russian Federation, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan,\n                                          Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Ukraine, the band 73-74\u00a0MHz is also allocated\n                                          to the broadcasting service on a primary basis, subject to agreement obtained under\n                                          No. 9.21. (WRC-07)\n\n5.178\n Additional allocation: in Colombia, Cuba, El Salvador, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras and Nicaragua, the band\n                                          73-74.6\u00a0MHz is also allocated to the fixed and mobile services on a secondary basis.\n                                          (WRC-12)\n\n5.179\n Additional allocation: in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, China, the Russian Federation, Georgia, Kazakhstan,\n                                          Lithuania, Mongolia, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Ukraine, the bands 74.6-74.8\u00a0MHz\n                                          and 75.2-75.4\u00a0MHz are also allocated to the aeronautical radionavigation service,\n                                          on a primary basis, for ground-based transmitters only. (WRC-12)\n\n5.180 The frequency 75\u00a0MHz is assigned to marker beacons. Administrations shall refrain\n                                          from assigning frequencies close to the limits of the guardband to stations of other\n                                          services which, because of their power or geographical position, might cause harmful\n                                          interference or otherwise place a constraint on marker beacons.\n\nEvery effort should be made to improve further the characteristics of airborne receivers\n                                          and to limit the power of transmitting stations close to the limits 74.8\u00a0MHz and 75.2\u00a0MHz.\n\n5.181\n Additional allocation: in Egypt, Israel and the Syrian Arab Republic, the band 74.8-75.2\u00a0MHz is also allocated\n                                          to the mobile service on a secondary basis, subject to agreement obtained under No.\n                                          9.21. In order to ensure that harmful interference is not caused to stations of the aeronautical\n                                          radionavigation service, stations of the mobile service shall not be introduced in\n                                          the band until it is no longer required for the aeronautical radionavigation service\n                                          by any administration which may be identified in the application of the procedure\n                                          invoked under No. 9.21. (WRC-03)\n\n5.182\n Additional allocation: in Western Samoa, the band 75.4-87\u00a0MHz is also allocated to the broadcasting service\n                                          on a primary basis.\n\n5.183\n Additional allocation: in China, Korea (Rep. of), Japan, the Philippines and the Dem. People\u2019s Rep. of Korea,\n                                          the band 76-87\u00a0MHz is also allocated to the broadcasting service on a primary basis.\n\n5.184 (SUP \u2013 WRC-07)\n\n5.185\n Different category of service: in the United States, the French overseas departments and communities in Region 2,\n                                          Guyana and Paraguay, the allocation of the frequency band 76-88\u00a0MHz to the fixed and\n                                          mobile services is on a primary basis (see No. 5.33). (WRC-15)\n\n5.186 (SUP \u2013 WRC-97)\n\n5.187\n Alternative allocation: in Albania, the band 81-87.5\u00a0MHz is allocated to the broadcasting service on a primary\n                                          basis and used in accordance with the decisions contained in the Final Acts of the\n                                          Special Regional Conference (Geneva, 1960).\n\n5.188\n Additional allocation: in Australia, the band 85-87\u00a0MHz is also allocated to the broadcasting service on\n                                          a primary basis. The introduction of the broadcasting service in Australia is subject\n                                          to special agreements between the administrations concerned.\n\n5.189 Not used.\n\n5.190\n Additional allocation: in Monaco, the band 87.5-88\u00a0MHz is also allocated to the land mobile service on a\n                                          primary basis, subject to agreement obtained under No. 9.21. (WRC-97)\n\n5.191 Not used.\n\n5.192\n Additional allocation: in China and Korea (Rep. of), the band 100-108\u00a0MHz is also allocated to the fixed\n                                          and mobile services on a primary basis. (WRC-97)\n\n5.193 Not used.\n\n5.194\n Additional allocation: in Kyrgyzstan, Somalia and Turkmenistan, the frequency band 104-108\u00a0MHz is also allocated\n                                          to the mobile, except aeronautical mobile (R), service on a secondary basis. (WRC-19)\n\n5.195\u00a0and 5.196 Not used.\n\n5.197\n Additional allocation: in the Syrian Arab Republic, the band 108-111.975\u00a0MHz is also allocated to the mobile\n                                          service on a secondary basis, subject to agreement obtained under No. 9.21. In order to ensure that harmful interference is not caused to stations of the aeronautical\n                                          radionavigation service, stations of the mobile service shall not be introduced in\n                                          the band until it is no longer required for the aeronautical radionavigation service\n                                          by any administration which may be identified in the application of the procedures\n                                          invoked under No. 9.21. (WRC-12)\n\n5.197A\n Additional allocation: the band 108-117.975\u00a0MHz is also allocated on a primary basis to the aeronautical\n                                          mobile (R) service, limited to systems operating in accordance with recognized international\n                                          aeronautical standards. Such use shall be in accordance with Resolution 413\u00a0(Rev.WRC-07)16. The use of the band 108-112\u00a0MHz by the aeronautical mobile (R) service shall be\n                                          limited to systems composed of ground-based transmitters and associated receivers\n                                          that provide navigational information in support of air navigation functions in accordance\n                                          with recognized international aeronautical standards. (WRC-07)\n\n5.198 (SUP \u2013 WRC-07)\n\n5.199 (SUP \u2013 WRC-07)\n\n5.200 In the band 117.975-137\u00a0MHz, the frequency 121.5\u00a0MHz is the aeronautical emergency\n                                          frequency and, where required, the frequency 123.1\u00a0MHz is the aeronautical frequency\n                                          auxiliary to 121.5\u00a0MHz. Mobile stations of the maritime mobile service may communicate\n                                          on these frequencies under the conditions laid down in Article 31 for distress and safety purposes with stations of the aeronautical mobile service.\n                                          (WRC-07)\n\n5.201\n Additional allocation: in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bulgaria, Estonia, the Russian Federation, Georgia,\n                                          Hungary, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq (Republic of), Japan, Kazakhstan, Mali,\n                                          Mongolia, Mozambique, Uzbekistan, Papua New Guinea, Poland, Kyrgyzstan, Romania, Senegal,\n                                          Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Ukraine, the frequency band 132-136\u00a0MHz is also allocated\n                                          to the aeronautical mobile (OR) service on a primary basis. In assigning frequencies\n                                          to stations of the aeronautical mobile (OR) service, the administration shall take\n                                          account of the frequencies assigned to stations in the aeronautical mobile (R) service.\n                                          (WRC-19)\n\n5.202\n Additional allocation: in Saudi Arabia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Belarus, Bulgaria, the United Arab\n                                          Emirates, the Russian Federation, Georgia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Jordan, Mali,\n                                          Oman, Uzbekistan, Poland, the Syrian Arab Republic, Kyrgyzstan, Romania, Senegal,\n                                          Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Ukraine, the frequency band 136-137\u00a0MHz is also allocated\n                                          to the aeronautical mobile (OR) service on a primary basis. In assigning frequencies\n                                          to stations of the aeronautical mobile (OR) service, the administration shall take\n                                          account of the frequencies assigned to stations in the aeronautical mobile (R) service.\n                                          (WRC-19)\n\n5.203 (SUP \u2013 WRC-07)\n\n5.203A (SUP \u2013 WRC-07)\n\n5.203B (SUP \u2013 WRC-07)\n\n5.203C The use of the space operation service (space-to-Earth) with non-geostationary satellite\n                                          short-duration mission systems in the frequency band 137-138\u00a0MHz is subject to Resolution\n                                          660\u00a0(WRC-19). Resolution 32\u00a0(WRC-19) applies. These systems shall not cause harmful interference to, or claim protection\n                                          from, the existing services to which the frequency band is allocated on a primary\n                                          basis. (WRC-19)\n\n5.204\n Different category of service: in Afghanistan, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Brunei Darussalam, China, Cuba,\n                                          the United Arab Emirates, India, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Kuwait,\n                                          Montenegro, Oman, Pakistan, the Philippines, Qatar, Singapore, Thailand and Yemen,\n                                          the frequency band 137-138\u00a0MHz is allocated to the fixed and mobile, except aeronautical\n                                          mobile (R), services on a primary basis (see No. 5.33). (WRC-19)\n\n5.205\n Different category of service: in Israel and Jordan, the allocation of the band 137-138\u00a0MHz to the fixed and mobile,\n                                          except aeronautical mobile, services is on a primary basis (see No. 5.33).\n\n5.206\n Different category of service: in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bulgaria, Egypt, the Russian Federation, Finland,\n                                          France, Georgia, Greece, Kazakhstan, Lebanon, Moldova, Mongolia, Uzbekistan, Poland,\n                                          Kyrgyzstan, the Syrian Arab Republic, Slovakia, the Czech Rep., Romania, Tajikistan,\n                                          Turkmenistan and Ukraine, the allocation of the band 137-138\u00a0MHz to the aeronautical\n                                          mobile (OR) service is on a primary basis (see No. 5.33). (WRC-2000)\n\n5.207\n Additional allocation: in Australia, the band 137-144\u00a0MHz is also allocated to the broadcasting service\n                                          on a primary basis until that service can be accommodated within regional broadcasting\n                                          allocations.\n\n5.208 The use of the band 137-138\u00a0MHz by the mobile-satellite service is subject to coordination\n                                          under No. 9.11A. (WRC-97)\n\n5.208A In making assignments to space stations in the mobile-satellite service in the frequency\n                                          bands 137-138\u00a0MHz, 387-390\u00a0MHz and 400.15-401\u00a0MHz and in the maritime mobile-satellite\n                                          service (space-to-Earth) in the frequency bands 157.1875-157.3375\u00a0MHz and 161.7875-161.9375\u00a0MHz,\n                                          administrations shall take all practicable steps to protect the radio astronomy service\n                                          in the frequency bands 150.05-153\u00a0MHz, 322-328.6\u00a0MHz, 406.1-410\u00a0MHz and 608-614\u00a0MHz\n                                          from harmful interference from unwanted emissions as shown in the most recent version\n                                          of Recommendation ITU-R RA.769. (WRC-19)\n\n5.208B\n17 In the frequency bands:\n\n137-138\u00a0MHz,\n\n157.1875-157.3375\u00a0MHz,\n\n161.7875-161.9375\u00a0MHz,\n\n387-390\u00a0MHz,\n\n400.15-401\u00a0MHz,\n\n1\u00a0452-1\u00a0492\u00a0MHz,\n\n1\u00a0525-1\u00a0610\u00a0MHz,\n\n1\u00a0613.8-1\u00a0626.5\u00a0MHz,\n\n2\u00a0655-2\u00a0690\u00a0MHz,\n\n21.4-22\u00a0GHz,\n\nResolution 739\u00a0(Rev.WRC-19) applies. (WRC-19)\n\n5.209 The use of the bands 137-138\u00a0MHz, 148-150.05\u00a0MHz, 399.9-400.05\u00a0MHz, 400.15-401\u00a0MHz,\n                                          454-456\u00a0MHz and 459-460\u00a0MHz by the mobile-satellite service is limited to non-geostationary-satellite\n                                          systems. (WRC-97)\n\n5.209A The use of the frequency band 137.175-137.825\u00a0MHz by non-geostationary-satellite\n                                          systems in the space operation service identified as short-duration mission in accordance\n                                          with Appendix 4 is not subject to No. 9.11A. (WRC-19)\n\n5.210\n Additional allocation: in Italy, the Czech Rep. and the United Kingdom, the bands 138-143.6\u00a0MHz and 143.65-144\u00a0MHz\n                                          are also allocated to the space research service (space-to-Earth) on a secondary basis.\n                                          (WRC-07)\n\n5.211\n Additional allocation: in Germany, Saudi Arabia, Austria, Bahrain, Belgium, Denmark, the United Arab Emirates,\n                                          Spain, Finland, Greece, Guinea, Ireland, Israel, Kenya, Kuwait, Lebanon, Liechtenstein,\n                                          Luxembourg, North Macedonia, Mali, Malta, Montenegro, Norway, the Netherlands, Qatar,\n                                          Slovakia, the United Kingdom, Serbia, Slovenia, Somalia, Sweden, Switzerland, Tanzania,\n                                          Tunisia and Turkey, the frequency band 138-144\u00a0MHz is also allocated to the maritime\n                                          mobile and land mobile services on a primary basis. (WRC-19)\n\n5.212\n Alternative allocation: in Angola, Botswana, Cameroon, the Central African Rep., Congo (Rep. of the), Eswatini,\n                                          Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Iraq, Jordan, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Malawi, Mozambique,\n                                          Namibia, Niger, Oman, Uganda, Syrian Arab Republic, the Dem. Rep. of the Congo, Rwanda,\n                                          Sierra Leone, South Africa, Chad, Togo, Zambia and Zimbabwe, the frequency band 138-144\u00a0MHz\n                                          is allocated to the fixed and mobile services on a primary basis. (WRC-19)\n\n5.213\n Additional allocation: in China, the band 138-144\u00a0MHz is also allocated to the radiolocation service on\n                                          a primary basis.\n\n5.214\n Additional allocation: in Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, Somalia, Sudan,\n                                          South Sudan and Tanzania, the frequency band 138-144\u00a0MHz is also allocated to the\n                                          fixed service on a primary basis. (WRC-19)\n\n5.215 Not used.\n\n5.216\n Additional allocation: in China, the band 144-146\u00a0MHz is also allocated to the aeronautical mobile (OR)\n                                          service on a secondary basis.\n\n5.217\n Alternative allocation: in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Cuba, Guyana and India, the band 146-148\u00a0MHz is allocated\n                                          to the fixed and mobile services on a primary basis.\n\n5.218\n Additional allocation: the band 148-149.9\u00a0MHz is also allocated to the space operation service (Earth-to-\n                                          space) on a primary basis, subject to agreement obtained under No. 9.21. The bandwidth of any individual transmission shall not exceed \u00b1 25\u00a0kHz.\n\n5.218A The frequency band 148-149.9\u00a0MHz in the space operation service (Earth-to-space)\n                                          may be used by non- geostationary-satellite systems with short-duration missions.\n                                          Non-geostationary-satellite systems in the space operation service used for a short-duration\n                                          mission in accordance with Resolution 32\u00a0(WRC-19) of the Radio Regulations are not subject to agreement under No. 9.21. At the stage of coordination, the provisions of Nos. 9.17 and 9.18 also apply. In the frequency band 148-149.9\u00a0MHz, non-geostationary-satellite systems\n                                          with short-duration missions shall not cause unacceptable interference to, or claim\n                                          protection from, existing primary services within this frequency band, or impose additional\n                                          constraints on the space operation and mobile-satellite services. In addition, earth\n                                          stations in non-geostationary-satellite systems in the space operation service with\n                                          short-duration missions in the frequency band 148-149.9\u00a0MHz shall ensure that the\n                                          power flux-density does not exceed \u2212149\u00a0dB(W/(m2 \u2022 4\u00a0kHz)) for more than 1% of time at the border of the territory of the following\n                                          countries: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, China, Korea (Rep. of), Cuba, Russian Federation,\n                                          India, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Japan, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan,\n                                          Thailand and Viet Nam. In case this power flux-density limit is exceeded, agreement\n                                          under No. 9.21 is required to be obtained from countries mentioned in this footnote. (WRC-19)\n\n5.219 The use of the frequency band 148-149.9\u00a0MHz by the mobile-satellite service is subject\n                                          to coordination under No. 9.11A. The mobile-satellite service shall not constrain the development and use of the\n                                          fixed, mobile and space operation services in the frequency band 148-149.9\u00a0MHz. The\n                                          use of the frequency band 148-149.9\u00a0MHz by non- geostationary-satellite systems in\n                                          the space operation service identified as short-duration mission is not subject to\n                                          No. 9.11A. (WRC-19)\n\n5.220 The use of the frequency bands 149.9-150.05\u00a0MHz and 399.9-400.05\u00a0MHz by the mobile-satellite\n                                          service is subject to coordination under No. 9.11A. (WRC-15)\n\n5.221 Stations of the mobile-satellite service in the frequency band 148-149.9\u00a0MHz shall\n                                          not cause harmful interference to, or claim protection from, stations of the fixed\n                                          or mobile services operating in accordance with the Table of Frequency Allocations\n                                          in the following countries: Albania, Algeria, Germany, Saudi Arabia, Australia, Austria,\n                                          Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Benin, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana,\n                                          Brunei Darussalam, Bulgaria, Cameroon, China, Cyprus, Congo (Rep. of the), Korea (Rep.\n                                          of), C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Denmark, Djibouti, Egypt, the United Arab Emirates,\n                                          Eritrea, Spain, Estonia, Eswatini, Ethiopia, the Russian Federation, Finland, France,\n                                          Gabon, Georgia, Ghana, Greece, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Hungary, India, Iran (Islamic\n                                          Republic of), Ireland, Iceland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan,\n                                          Kenya, Kuwait, Lesotho, Latvia, Lebanon, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg,\n                                          North Macedonia, Malaysia, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro,\n                                          Mozambique, Namibia, Norway, New Zealand, Oman, Uganda, Uzbekistan, Pakistan, Panama,\n                                          Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, the Netherlands, the Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar,\n                                          the Syrian Arab Republic, Kyrgyzstan, Dem. People\u2019s Rep. of Korea, Slovakia, Romania,\n                                          the United Kingdom, Senegal, Serbia, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovenia, Sudan, Sri\n                                          Lanka, South Africa, Sweden, Switzerland, Tanzania, Chad, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and\n                                          Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, Viet Nam, Yemen, Zambia and Zimbabwe. (WRC-19)\n\n5.222 (SUP \u2013 WRC-15)\n\n5.223 (SUP \u2013 WRC-15)\n\n5.224 (SUP \u2013 WRC-97)\n\n5.224A (SUP \u2013 WRC-15)\n\n5.224B (SUP \u2013 WRC-15)\n\n5.225\n Additional allocation: in Australia and India, the band 150.05-153\u00a0MHz is also allocated to the radio astronomy\n                                          service on a primary basis.\n\n5.225A \nAdditional allocation: in Algeria, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, China, the Russian Federation, France,\n                                          Iran (Islamic Republic of), Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan,\n                                          Ukraine and Viet Nam, the frequency band 154-156\u00a0MHz is also allocated to the radiolocation\n                                          service on a primary basis. The usage of the frequency band 154-156\u00a0MHz by the radiolocation\n                                          service shall be limited to space-object detection systems operating from terrestrial\n                                          locations. The operation of stations in the radiolocation service in the frequency\n                                          band 154-156\u00a0MHz shall be subject to agreement obtained under No. 9.21. For the identification of potentially affected administrations in Region 1, the\n                                          instantaneous field-strength value of 12\u00a0dB(\u03bcV/m) for 10% of the time produced at\n                                          10\u00a0m above ground level in the 25\u00a0kHz reference frequency band at the border of the\n                                          territory of any other administration shall be used. For the identification of potentially\n                                          affected administrations in Region 3, the interference-to-noise ratio (I/N) value of \u22126\u00a0dB (N = \u2212161\u00a0dBW/4\u00a0kHz), or \u221210\u00a0dB for applications with greater protection requirements,\n                                          such as public protection and disaster relief (PPDR (N = \u2212161\u00a0dBW/4\u00a0kHz)), for 1% of the time produced at 60\u00a0m above ground level at the\n                                          border of the territory of any other administration shall be used. In the frequency\n                                          bands 156.7625-156.8375\u00a0MHz, 156.5125-156.5375\u00a0MHz, 161.9625-161.9875\u00a0MHz, 162.0125-162.0375\u00a0MHz,\n                                          out-of-band e.i.r.p. of space surveillance radars shall not exceed \u221216\u00a0dBW. Frequency\n                                          assignments to the radiolocation service under this allocation in Ukraine shall not\n                                          be used without the agreement of Moldova. (WRC-12)\n\n5.226 The frequency 156.525\u00a0MHz is the international distress, safety and calling frequency\n                                          for the maritime mobile VHF radiotelephone service using digital selective calling\n                                          (DSC). The conditions for the use of this frequency and the band 156.4875-156.5625\u00a0MHz\n                                          are contained in Articles 31 and 52, and in Appendix 18.\n\nThe frequency 156.8\u00a0MHz is the international distress, safety and calling frequency\n                                          for the maritime mobile VHF radiotelephone service. The conditions for the use of\n                                          this frequency and the band 156.7625-156.8375\u00a0MHz are contained in Article 31 and Appendix 18.\n\nIn the bands 156-156.4875\u00a0MHz, 156.5625-156.7625\u00a0MHz, 156.8375-157.45\u00a0MHz, 160.6-160.975\u00a0MHz\n                                          and 161.475-162.05\u00a0MHz, each administration shall give priority to the maritime mobile\n                                          service on only such frequencies as are assigned to stations of the maritime mobile\n                                          service by the administration (see Articles 31 and 52, and Appendix 18).\n\nAny use of frequencies in these bands by stations of other services to which they\n                                          are allocated should be avoided in areas where such use might cause harmful interference\n                                          to the maritime mobile VHF radiocommunication service.\n\nHowever, the frequencies 156.8\u00a0MHz and 156.525\u00a0MHz and the frequency bands in which\n                                          priority is given to the maritime mobile service may be used for radiocommunications\n                                          on inland waterways subject to agreement between interested and affected administrations\n                                          and taking into account current frequency usage and existing agreements. (WRC-07)\n\n5.227\n Additional allocation: the bands 156.4875-156.5125\u00a0MHz and 156.5375-156.5625\u00a0MHz are also allocated to the\n                                          fixed and land mobile services on a primary basis. The use of these bands by the fixed\n                                          and land mobile services shall not cause harmful interference to nor claim protection\n                                          from the maritime mobile VHF radiocommunication service. (WRC-07)\n\n5.227A (SUP \u2013 WRC-12)\n\n5.228 The use of the frequency bands 156.7625-156.7875\u00a0MHz and 156.8125-156.8375\u00a0MHz by\n                                          the mobile- satellite service (Earth-to-space) is limited to the reception of automatic\n                                          identification system (AIS) emissions of long- range AIS broadcast messages (Message\n                                          27, see the most recent version of Recommendation ITU-R M.1371). With the exception\n                                          of AIS emissions, emissions in these frequency bands by systems operating in the maritime\n                                          mobile service for communications shall not exceed 1\u00a0W. (WRC-12)\n\n5.228AB The use of the frequency bands 157.1875-157.3375\u00a0MHz and 161.7875-161.9375\u00a0MHz by\n                                          the maritime mobile-satellite service (Earth-to-space) is limited to non-geostationary-satellite\n                                          systems operating in accordance with Appendix 18. (WRC-19)\n\n5.228AC The use of the frequency bands 157.1875-157.3375\u00a0MHz and 161.7875-161.9375\u00a0MHz by\n                                          the maritime mobile-satellite service (space-to-Earth) is limited to non-geostationary-satellite\n                                          systems operating in accordance with Appendix 18. Such use is subject to agreement obtained under No. 9.21 with respect to the terrestrial services in Azerbaijan, Belarus, China, Korea (Rep.\n                                          of), Cuba, the Russian Federation, the Syrian Arab Republic, the Dem. People\u2019s Rep.\n                                          of Korea, South Africa and Viet Nam. (WRC-19)\n\n5.228A The frequency bands 161.9625-161.9875\u00a0MHz and 162.0125-162.0375\u00a0MHz may be used by\n                                          aircraft stations for the purpose of search and rescue operations and other safety-related\n                                          communications. (WRC-12)\n\n5.228AA The use of the frequency bands 161.9375-161.9625\u00a0MHz and 161.9875-162.0125\u00a0MHz by\n                                          the maritime mobile-satellite (Earth-to-space) service is limited to the systems which\n                                          operate in accordance with Appendix 18. (WRC-15)\n\n5.228B The use of the frequency bands 161.9625-161.9875\u00a0MHz and 162.0125-162.0375\u00a0MHz by\n                                          the fixed and land mobile services shall not cause harmful interference to, or claim\n                                          protection from, the maritime mobile service. (WRC-12)\n\n5.228C The use of the frequency bands 161.9625-161.9875\u00a0MHz and 162.0125-162.0375\u00a0MHz by\n                                          the maritime mobile service and the mobile-satellite (Earth-to-space) service is limited\n                                          to the automatic identification system (AIS). The use of these frequency bands by\n                                          the aeronautical mobile (OR) service is limited to AIS emissions from search and rescue\n                                          aircraft operations. The AIS operations in these frequency bands shall not constrain\n                                          the development and use of the fixed and mobile services operating in the adjacent\n                                          frequency bands. (WRC-12)\n\n5.228D The frequency bands 161.9625-161.9875\u00a0MHz (AIS 1) and 162.0125-162.0375\u00a0MHz (AIS\n                                          2) may continue to be used by the fixed and mobile services on a primary basis until\n                                          1\u00a0January 2025, at which time this allocation shall no longer be valid. Administrations\n                                          are encouraged to make all practicable efforts to discontinue the use of these bands\n                                          by the fixed and mobile services prior to the transition date. During this transition\n                                          period, the maritime mobile service in these frequency bands has priority over the\n                                          fixed, land mobile and aeronautical mobile services. (WRC-12)\n\n5.228E The use of the automatic identification system in the frequency bands 161.9625-161.9875\u00a0MHz\n                                          and 162.0125-162.0375\u00a0MHz by the aeronautical mobile (OR) service is limited to aircraft\n                                          stations for the purpose of search and rescue operations and other safety-related\n                                          communications. (WRC-12)\n\n5.228F The use of the frequency bands 161.9625-161.9875\u00a0MHz and 162.0125-162.0375\u00a0MHz by\n                                          the mobile- satellite service (Earth-to-space) is limited to the reception of automatic\n                                          identification system emissions from stations operating in the maritime mobile service.\n                                          (WRC-12)\n\n5.229\n Alternative allocation: in Morocco, the band 162-174\u00a0MHz is allocated to the broadcasting service on a primary\n                                          basis. The use of this band shall be subject to agreement with administrations having\n                                          services, operating or planned, in accordance with the Table which are likely to be\n                                          affected. Stations in existence on 1\u00a0January 1981, with their technical characteristics\n                                          as of that date, are not affected by such agreement.\n\n5.230\n Additional allocation: in China, the band 163-167\u00a0MHz is also allocated to the space operation service (space-to-Earth)\n                                          on a primary basis, subject to agreement obtained under No. 9.21.\n\n5.231\n Additional allocation: in Afghanistan and China, the band 167-174\u00a0MHz is also allocated to the broadcasting\n                                          service on a primary basis. The introduction of the broadcasting service into this\n                                          band shall be subject to agreement with the neighbouring countries in Region 3\u00a0whose\n                                          services are likely to be affected. (WRC-12)\n\n5.232 (SUP \u2013 WRC-15)\n\n5.233\n Additional allocation: in China, the band 174-184\u00a0MHz is also allocated to the space research (space-to-\n                                          Earth) and the space operation (space-to-Earth) services on a primary basis, subject\n                                          to agreement obtained under No. 9.21. These services shall not cause harmful interference to, or claim protection from,\n                                          existing or planned broadcasting stations.\n\n5.234 (SUP \u2013 WRC-15)\n\n5.235\n Additional allocation: in Germany, Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Spain, Finland, France, Israel, Italy, Liechtenstein,\n                                          Malta, Monaco, Norway, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Sweden and Switzerland,\n                                          the band 174-223\u00a0MHz is also allocated to the land mobile service on a primary basis.\n                                          However, the stations of the land mobile service shall not cause harmful interference\n                                          to, or claim protection from, broadcasting stations, existing or planned, in countries\n                                          other than those listed in this footnote.\n\n5.236 Not used.\n\n5.237\n Additional allocation: in Congo (Rep. of the), Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Guinea, Libya, Mali, Sierra\n                                          Leone, Somalia and Chad, the band 174-223\u00a0MHz is also allocated to the fixed and mobile\n                                          services on a secondary basis. (WRC-12)\n\n5.238\n Additional allocation: in Bangladesh, India, Pakistan and the Philippines, the band 200-216\u00a0MHz is also\n                                          allocated to the aeronautical radionavigation service on a primary basis.\n\n5.239 Not used.\n\n5.240\n Additional allocation: in China and India, the band 216-223\u00a0MHz is also allocated to the aeronautical radionavigation\n                                          service on a primary basis and to the radiolocation service on a secondary basis.\n\n5.241 In Region 2, no new stations in the radiolocation service may be authorized in the\n                                          band 216-225\u00a0MHz. Stations authorized prior to 1\u00a0January 1990\u00a0may continue to operate\n                                          on a secondary basis.\n\n5.242\n Additional allocation: in Canada and Mexico, the frequency band 216-220\u00a0MHz is also allocated to the land\n                                          mobile service on a primary basis. (WRC-19)\n\n5.243\n Additional allocation: in Somalia, the band 216-225\u00a0MHz is also allocated to the aeronautical radionavigation\n                                          service on a primary basis, subject to not causing harmful interference to existing\n                                          or planned broadcasting services in other countries.\n\n5.244 (SUP \u2013 WRC-97)\n\n5.245\n Additional allocation: in Japan, the band 222-223\u00a0MHz is also allocated to the aeronautical radionavigation\n                                          service on a primary basis and to the radiolocation service on a secondary basis.\n\n5.246\nAlternative allocation: in Spain, France, Israel and Monaco, the band 223-230\u00a0MHz is allocated to the broadcasting\n                                          and land mobile services on a primary basis (see No. 5.33) on the basis that, in the preparation of frequency plans, the broadcasting service\n                                          shall have prior choice of frequencies; and allocated to the fixed and mobile, except\n                                          land mobile, services on a secondary basis. However, the stations of the land mobile\n                                          service shall not cause harmful interference to, or claim protection from, existing\n                                          or planned broadcasting stations in Morocco and Algeria.\n\n5.247\nAdditional allocation: in Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, the United Arab Emirates, Jordan, Oman, Qatar and Syrian\n                                          Arab Republic, the band 223-235\u00a0MHz is also allocated to the aeronautical radionavigation\n                                          service on a primary basis.\n\n5.248 and 5.249 Not used.\n\n5.250\nAdditional allocation: in China, the band 225-235\u00a0MHz is also allocated to the radio astronomy service\n                                          on a secondary basis.\n\n5.251\nAdditional allocation: in Nigeria, the band 230-235\u00a0MHz is also allocated to the aeronautical radionavigation\n                                          service on a primary basis, subject to agreement obtained under No. 9.21.\n\n5.252\nAlternative allocation: in Botswana, Eswatini, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia\n                                          and Zimbabwe, the frequency bands 230-238\u00a0MHz and 246-254\u00a0MHz are allocated to the\n                                          broadcasting service on a primary basis, subject to agreement obtained under No. 9.21. (WRC-19)\n\n5.253 Not used.\n\n5.254 The bands 235-322\u00a0MHz and 335.4-399.9\u00a0MHz may be used by the mobile-satellite service,\n                                          subject to agreement obtained under No. 9.21, on condition that stations in this service do not cause harmful interference to\n                                          those of other services operating or planned to be operated in accordance with the\n                                          Table of Frequency Allocations except for the additional allocation made in footnote\n                                          No. 5.256A. (WRC-03)\n\n5.255 The bands 312-315\u00a0MHz (Earth-to-space) and 387-390\u00a0MHz (space-to-Earth) in the mobile-satellite\n                                          service may also be used by non-geostationary-satellite systems. Such use is subject\n                                          to coordination under No. 9.11A.\n\n5.256 The frequency 243\u00a0MHz is the frequency in this band for use by survival craft stations\n                                          and equipment used for survival purposes. (WRC-07)\n\n5.256A\nAdditional allocation: in China, the Russian Federation and Kazakhstan, the frequency band 258-261\u00a0MHz is\n                                          also allocated to the space research service (Earth-to-space) and space operation\n                                          service (Earth-to-space) on a primary basis. Stations in the space research service\n                                          (Earth-to-space) and space operation service (Earth-to-space) shall not cause harmful\n                                          interference to, or claim protection from, or constrain the use and development of,\n                                          the mobile service systems and mobile-satellite service systems operating in the frequency\n                                          band. Stations in space research service (Earth-to-space) and space operation service\n                                          (Earth-to-space) shall not constrain the future development of fixed service systems\n                                          of other countries. (WRC-15)\n\n5.257 The band 267-272\u00a0MHz may be used by administrations for space telemetry in their\n                                          countries on a primary basis, subject to agreement obtained under No. 9.21.\n\n5.258 The use of the band 328.6-335.4\u00a0MHz by the aeronautical radionavigation service is\n                                          limited to Instrument Landing Systems (glide path).\n\n5.259\nAdditional allocation: in Egypt and the Syrian Arab Republic, the band 328.6-335.4\u00a0MHz is also allocated\n                                          to the mobile service on a secondary basis, subject to agreement obtained under No.\n                                          9.21. In order to ensure that harmful interference is not caused to stations of the aeronautical\n                                          radionavigation service, stations of the mobile service shall not be introduced in\n                                          the band until it is no longer required for the aeronautical radionavigation service\n                                          by any administration which may be identified in the application of the procedure\n                                          invoked under No. 9.21. (WRC-12)\n\n5.260 (SUP \u2013 WRC-15)\n\n5.260A In the frequency band 399.9-400.05\u00a0MHz, the maximum e.i.r.p. of any emission of earth\n                                          stations in the mobile-satellite service shall not exceed 5\u00a0dBW in any 4\u00a0kHz band\n                                          and the maximum e.i.r.p. of each earth station in the mobile-satellite service shall\n                                          not exceed 5\u00a0dBW in the whole 399.9-400.05\u00a0MHz frequency band. Until 22\u00a0November 2022,\n                                          this limit shall not apply to satellite systems for which complete notification information\n                                          has been received by the Radiocommunication Bureau by 22\u00a0November 2019\u00a0and that have\n                                          been brought into use by that date. After 22\u00a0November 2022, these limits shall apply\n                                          to all systems within the mobile-satellite service operating in this frequency band.\n\nIn the frequency band 399.99-400.02\u00a0MHz, the e.i.r.p. limits as specified above shall\n                                          apply after 22\u00a0November 2022\u00a0to all systems within the mobile-satellite service. Administrations\n                                          are requested that their mobile-satellite service satellite links in the 399.99-400.02\u00a0MHz\n                                          frequency band comply with the e.i.r.p. limits as specified above, after 22\u00a0November\n                                          2019. (WRC-19)\n\n5.260B In the frequency band 400.02-400.05\u00a0MHz, the provisions of No. 5.260A are not applicable for telecommand uplinks within the mobile-satellite service. (WRC-19)\n\n5.261 Emissions shall be confined in a band of \u00b1 25\u00a0kHz about the standard frequency 400.1\u00a0MHz.\n\n5.262\nAdditional allocation: in Saudi Arabia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Belarus, Botswana, Colombia, Cuba,\n                                          Egypt, the United Arab Emirates, Ecuador, the Russian Federation, Georgia, Hungary,\n                                          Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Liberia, Malaysia,\n                                          Moldova, Oman, Uzbekistan, Pakistan, the Philippines, Qatar, the Syrian Arab Republic,\n                                          Kyrgyzstan, Singapore, Somalia, Tajikistan, Chad, Turkmenistan and Ukraine, the band\n                                          400.05-401\u00a0MHz is also allocated to the fixed and mobile services on a primary basis.\n                                          (WRC-12)\n\n5.263 The band 400.15-401\u00a0MHz is also allocated to the space research service in the space-to-space\n                                          direction for communications with manned space vehicles. In this application, the\n                                          space research service will not be regarded as a safety service.\n\n5.264 The use of the band 400.15-401\u00a0MHz by the mobile-satellite service is subject to\n                                          coordination under No. 9.11A. The power flux-density limit indicated in Annex 1\u00a0of Appendix 5 shall apply until such time as a competent world radiocommunication conference revises\n                                          it.\n\n5.264A In the frequency band 401-403\u00a0MHz, the maximum e.i.r.p. of any emission of each earth\n                                          station in the meteorological-satellite service and the Earth exploration-satellite\n                                          service shall not exceed 22\u00a0dBW in any 4\u00a0kHz band for geostationary-satellite systems\n                                          and non-geostationary-satellite systems with an orbit of apogee equal or greater than\n                                          35\u00a0786\u00a0km.\n\nThe maximum e.i.r.p. of any emission of each earth station in the meteorological-satellite\n                                          service and the Earth exploration-satellite service shall not exceed 7\u00a0dBW in any\n                                          4\u00a0kHz band for non-geostationary-satellite systems with an orbit of apogee lower than\n                                          35\u00a0786\u00a0km.\n\nThe maximum e.i.r.p. of each earth station in the meteorological-satellite service\n                                          and the Earth exploration- satellite service shall not exceed 22\u00a0dBW for geostationary-satellite\n                                          systems and non-geostationary-satellite systems with an orbit of apogee equal or greater\n                                          than 35\u00a0786\u00a0km in the whole 401-403\u00a0MHz frequency band. The maximum e.i.r.p. of each\n                                          earth station in the meteorological-satellite service and the Earth exploration-satellite\n                                          service shall not exceed 7\u00a0dBW for non-geostationary-satellite systems with an orbit\n                                          of apogee lower than 35\u00a0786\u00a0km in the whole 401-403\u00a0MHz frequency band.\n\nUntil 22\u00a0November 2029, these limits shall not apply to satellite systems for which\n                                          complete notification information has been received by the Radiocommunication Bureau\n                                          by 22\u00a0November 2019\u00a0and that have been brought into use by that date. After 22\u00a0November\n                                          2029, these limits shall apply to all systems within the meteorological-satellite\n                                          service and the Earth exploration-satellite service operating in this frequency band.\n                                          (WRC-19)\n\n5.264B Non-geostationary-satellite systems in the meteorological-satellite service and the\n                                          Earth exploration- satellite service for which complete notification information has\n                                          been received by the Radiocommunication Bureau before 28\u00a0April 2007\u00a0are exempt from\n                                          provisions of No. 5.264A and may continue to operate in the frequency band 401.898-402.522\u00a0MHz on a primary\n                                          basis without exceeding a maximum e.i.r.p. level of 12\u00a0dBW. (WRC-19)\n\n5.265 In the frequency band 403-410\u00a0MHz, Resolution 205\u00a0(Rev.WRC-19) applies. (WRC-19)\n\n5.266 The use of the band 406-406.1\u00a0MHz by the mobile-satellite service is limited to low\n                                          power satellite emergency position-indicating radiobeacons (see also Article 31). (WRC-07)\n\n5.267 Any emission capable of causing harmful interference to the authorized uses of the\n                                          band 406-406.1\u00a0MHz is prohibited.\n\n5.268 Use of the frequency band 410-420\u00a0MHz by the space research service is limited to\n                                          space-to-space communication links with an orbiting, manned space vehicle. The power\n                                          flux-density at the surface of the Earth produced by emissions from transmitting stations\n                                          of the space research service (space-to-space) in the frequency band 410-420\u00a0MHz shall\n                                          not exceed \u2212153\u00a0dB(W/m2) for 0\u00b0 \u2264 \u03b4 \u2264 5\u00b0, \u2212153\u00a0+ 0.077\u00a0(\u03b4 \u2212 5) dB(W/m2) for 5\u00b0 \u2264 \u03b4 \u2264 70\u00b0 and \u2212148\u00a0dB(W/m2) for 70\u00b0 \u2264 \u03b4 \u2264 90\u00b0, where \u03b4 is the angle of arrival of the radio-frequency wave and\n                                          the reference bandwidth is 4\u00a0kHz. In this frequency band, stations of the space research\n                                          service (space-to-space) shall not claim protection from, nor constrain the use and\n                                          development of, stations of the fixed and mobile services. No. 4.10 does not apply. (WRC-15)\n\n5.269\nDifferent category of service: in Australia, the United States, India, Japan and the United Kingdom, the allocation\n                                          of the bands 420-430\u00a0MHz and 440-450\u00a0MHz to the radiolocation service is on a primary\n                                          basis (see No. 5.33).\n\n5.270\nAdditional allocation: in Australia, the United States, Jamaica and the Philippines, the bands 420-430\u00a0MHz\n                                          and 440-450\u00a0MHz are also allocated to the amateur service on a secondary basis.\n\n5.271\nAdditional allocation: in Belarus, China, India, Kyrgyzstan and Turkmenistan, the band 420-460\u00a0MHz is also\n                                          allocated to the aeronautical radionavigation service (radio altimeters) on a secondary\n                                          basis. (WRC-07)\n\n5.272 (SUP \u2013 WRC-12)\n\n5.273 (SUP \u2013 WRC-12)\n\n5.274\nAlternative allocation: in Denmark, Norway, Sweden and Chad, the bands 430-432\u00a0MHz and 438-440\u00a0MHz are allocated\n                                          to the fixed and mobile, except aeronautical mobile, services on a primary basis.\n                                          (WRC-12)\n\n5.275\nAdditional allocation: in Croatia, Estonia, Finland, Libya, North Macedonia, Montenegro and Serbia, the\n                                          frequency bands 430-432\u00a0MHz and 438-440\u00a0MHz are also allocated to the fixed and mobile,\n                                          except aeronautical mobile, services on a primary basis. (WRC-19)\n\n5.276\nAdditional allocation: in Afghanistan, Algeria, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Brunei Darussalam, Burkina\n                                          Faso, Djibouti, Egypt, the United Arab Emirates, Ecuador, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Greece,\n                                          Guinea, India, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Israel, Italy, Jordan,\n                                          Kenya, Kuwait, Libya, Malaysia, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, the Philippines, Qatar,\n                                          the Syrian Arab Republic, the Dem. People\u2019s Rep. of Korea, Singapore, Somalia, Sudan,\n                                          Switzerland, Thailand, Togo, Turkey and Yemen, the frequency band 430-440\u00a0MHz is also\n                                          allocated to the fixed service on a primary basis and the frequency bands 430-435\u00a0MHz\n                                          and 438-440\u00a0MHz are also allocated, except in Ecuador, to the mobile, except aeronautical\n                                          mobile, service on a primary basis. (WRC-15)\n\n5.277\nAdditional allocation: in Angola, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Cameroon, Congo (Rep. of the), Djibouti,\n                                          the Russian Federation, Georgia, Hungary, Israel, Kazakhstan, Mali, Uzbekistan, Poland,\n                                          the Dem. Rep. of the Congo, Kyrgyzstan, Slovakia, Romania, Rwanda, Tajikistan, Chad,\n                                          Turkmenistan and Ukraine, the frequency band 430-440\u00a0MHz is also allocated to the\n                                          fixed service on a primary basis. (WRC-19)\n\n5.278\nDifferent category of service: in Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Guyana, Honduras, Panama, Paraguay,\n                                          Uruguay and Venezuela, the allocation of the frequency band 430-440\u00a0MHz to the amateur\n                                          service is on a primary basis (see No. 5.33). (WRC-19)\n\n5.279\nAdditional allocation: in Mexico, the frequency bands 430-435\u00a0MHz and 438-440\u00a0MHz are also allocated on\n                                          a primary basis to the mobile, except aeronautical mobile, service, and on a secondary\n                                          basis to the fixed service, subject to agreement obtained under No. 9.21. (WRC-19)\n\n5.279A The use of the frequency band 432-438\u00a0MHz by sensors in the Earth exploration-satellite\n                                          service (active) shall be in accordance with Recommendation ITU-R RS.1260-2. Additionally,\n                                          the Earth exploration-satellite service (active) in the frequency band 432-438\u00a0MHz\n                                          shall not cause harmful interference to the aeronautical radionavigation service in\n                                          China. The provisions of this footnote in no way diminish the obligation of the Earth\n                                          exploration-satellite service (active) to operate as a secondary service in accordance\n                                          with Nos. 5.29 and 5.30. (WRC-19)\n\n5.280 In Germany, Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Liechtenstein, North Macedonia,\n                                          Montenegro, Portugal, Serbia, Slovenia and Switzerland, the frequency band 433.05-434.79\u00a0MHz\n                                          (centre frequency 433.92\u00a0MHz) is designated for industrial, scientific and medical\n                                          (ISM) applications. Radiocommunication services of these countries operating within\n                                          this frequency band must accept harmful interference which may be caused by these\n                                          applications. ISM equipment operating in this frequency band is subject to the provisions\n                                          of No. 15.13. (WRC-19)\n\n5.281\nAdditional allocation: in the French overseas departments and communities in Region 2\u00a0and India, the band\n                                          433.75-434.25\u00a0MHz is also allocated to the space operation service (Earth-to-space)\n                                          on a primary basis. In France and in Brazil, the band is allocated to the same service\n                                          on a secondary basis.\n\n5.282 In the bands 435-438\u00a0MHz, 1\u00a0260-1\u00a0270\u00a0MHz, 2\u00a0400-2\u00a0450\u00a0MHz, 3\u00a0400-3\u00a0410\u00a0MHz (in Regions\n                                          2\u00a0and 3\u00a0only) and 5\u00a0650-5\u00a0670\u00a0MHz, the amateur-satellite service may operate subject\n                                          to not causing harmful interference to other services operating in accordance with\n                                          the Table (see No. 5.43). Administrations authorizing such use shall ensure that any harmful interference\n                                          caused by emissions from a station in the amateur-satellite service is immediately\n                                          eliminated in accordance with the provisions of No. 25.11. The use of the bands 1\u00a0260-1\u00a0270\u00a0MHz and 5\u00a0650-5\u00a0670\u00a0MHz by the amateur-satellite\n                                          service is limited to the Earth-to-space direction.\n\n5.283\nAdditional allocation: in Austria, the band 438-440\u00a0MHz is also allocated to the fixed and mobile, except\n                                          aeronautical mobile, services on a primary basis.\n\n5.284\nAdditional allocation: in Canada, the band 440-450\u00a0MHz is also allocated to the amateur service on a secondary\n                                          basis.\n\n5.285\nDifferent category of service: in Canada, the allocation of the band 440-450\u00a0MHz to the radiolocation service is\n                                          on a primary basis (see No. 5.33).\n\n5.286 The band 449.75-450.25\u00a0MHz may be used for the space operation service (Earth-to-space)\n                                          and the space research service (Earth-to-space), subject to agreement obtained under\n                                          No. 9.21.\n\n5.286A The use of the bands 454-456\u00a0MHz and 459-460\u00a0MHz by the mobile-satellite service\n                                          is subject to coordination under No. 9.11A. (WRC-97)\n\n5.286AA The frequency band 450-470\u00a0MHz is identified for use by administrations wishing to\n                                          implement International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT) \u2013 see Resolution 224\u00a0(Rev.WRC-19). This identification does not preclude the use of this frequency band by any application\n                                          of the services to which it is allocated and does not establish priority in the Radio\n                                          Regulations. (WRC-19)\n\n5.286B The use of the band 454-455\u00a0MHz in the countries listed in No. 5.286D, 455-456\u00a0MHz and 459-460\u00a0MHz in Region 2, and 454-456\u00a0MHz and 459-460\u00a0MHz in the\n                                          countries listed in No. 5.286E, by stations in the mobile-satellite service, shall not cause harmful interference\n                                          to, or claim protection from, stations of the fixed or mobile services operating in\n                                          accordance with the Table of Frequency Allocations. (WRC-97)\n\n5.286C The use of the band 454-455\u00a0MHz in the countries listed in No. 5.286D, 455-456\u00a0MHz and 459-460\u00a0MHz in Region 2, and 454-456\u00a0MHz and 459-460\u00a0MHz in the\n                                          countries listed in No. 5.286E, by stations in the mobile-satellite service, shall not constrain the development\n                                          and use of the fixed and mobile services operating in accordance with the Table of\n                                          Frequency Allocations. (WRC-97)\n\n5.286D \nAdditional allocation: in Canada, the United States and Panama, the band 454-455\u00a0MHz is also allocated to\n                                          the mobile-satellite service (Earth-to-space) on a primary basis. (WRC-07)\n\n5.286E \nAdditional allocation: in Cape Verde, Nepal and Nigeria, the bands 454-456\u00a0MHz and 459-460\u00a0MHz are also\n                                          allocated to the mobile-satellite (Earth-to-space) service on a primary basis. (WRC-07)\n\n5.287 Use of the frequency bands 457.5125-457.5875\u00a0MHz and 467.5125-467.5875\u00a0MHz by the\n                                          maritime mobile service is limited to on-board communication stations. The characteristics\n                                          of the equipment and the channelling arrangement shall be in accordance with Recommendation\n                                          ITU-R M.1174-4. The use of these frequency bands in territorial waters is subject\n                                          to the national regulations of the administration concerned. (WRC-19)\n\n5.288 In the territorial waters of the United States and the Philippines, the preferred\n                                          frequencies for use by on-board communication stations shall be 457.525\u00a0MHz, 457.550\u00a0MHz,\n                                          457.575\u00a0MHz and 457.600\u00a0MHz paired, respectively, with 467.750\u00a0MHz, 467.775\u00a0MHz, 467.800\u00a0MHz\n                                          and 467.825\u00a0MHz. The characteristics of the equipment used shall conform to those\n                                          specified in Recommendation ITU-R M.1174-4. (WRC-19)\n\n5.289 Earth exploration-satellite service applications, other than the meteorological-satellite\n                                          service, may also be used in the bands 460-470\u00a0MHz and 1\u00a0690-1\u00a0710\u00a0MHz for space-to-Earth\n                                          transmissions subject to not causing harmful interference to stations operating in\n                                          accordance with the Table.\n\n5.290\nDifferent category of service: in Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Belarus, China, the Russian Federation, Japan, Kyrgyzstan,\n                                          Tajikistan and Turkmenistan, the allocation of the band 460-470\u00a0MHz to the meteorological-satellite\n                                          service (space-to-Earth) is on a primary basis (see No. 5.33), subject to agreement obtained under No. 9.21. (WRC-12)\n\n5.291\nAdditional allocation: in China, the band 470-485\u00a0MHz is also allocated to the space research (space-to-\n                                          Earth) and the space operation (space-to-Earth) services on a primary basis subject\n                                          to agreement obtained under No. 9.21 and subject to not causing harmful interference to existing and planned broadcasting\n                                          stations.\n\n5.291A \nAdditional allocation: in Germany, Austria, Denmark, Estonia, Liechtenstein, the Czech Rep., Serbia and\n                                          Switzerland, the frequency band 470-494\u00a0MHz is also allocated to the radiolocation\n                                          service on a secondary basis. This use is limited to the operation of wind profiler\n                                          radars in accordance with Resolution 217\u00a0(WRC-97). (WRC-15)\n\n5.292\nDifferent category of service: in Argentina, Uruguay and Venezuela, the allocation of the frequency band 470-512\u00a0MHz\n                                          to the mobile service is on a primary basis (see No. 5.33), subject to agreement obtained under No. 9.21. (WRC-15)\n\n5.293\nDifferent category of service: in Canada, Chile, Cuba, the United States, Guyana, Jamaica and Panama, the allocation\n                                          of the frequency bands 470-512\u00a0MHz and 614-806\u00a0MHz to the fixed service is on a primary\n                                          basis (see No. 5.33), subject to agreement obtained under No. 9.21. In the Bahamas, Barbados, Canada, Chile, Cuba, the United States, Guyana, Jamaica,\n                                          Mexico and Panama, the allocation of the frequency bands 470-512\u00a0MHz and 614-698\u00a0MHz\n                                          to the mobile service is on a primary basis (see No. 5.33), subject to agreement obtained under No. 9.21. In Argentina and Ecuador, the allocation of the frequency band 470-512\u00a0MHz to the\n                                          fixed and mobile services is on a primary basis (see No. 5.33), subject to agreement obtained under No. 9.21. (WRC-15)\n\n5.294\nAdditional allocation: in Saudi Arabia, Cameroon, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, Egypt, Ethiopia, Israel, Libya, the Syrian\n                                          Arab Republic, Chad and Yemen, the frequency band 470-582\u00a0MHz is also allocated to\n                                          the fixed service on a secondary basis. (WRC-15)\n\n5.295 In the Bahamas, Barbados, Canada, the United States and Mexico, the frequency band\n                                          470-608\u00a0MHz, or portions thereof, is identified for International Mobile Telecommunications\n                                          (IMT) \u2013 see Resolution 224\u00a0(Rev.WRC-19). This identification does not preclude the use of these frequency bands by any application\n                                          of the services to which they are allocated and does not establish priority in the\n                                          Radio Regulations. Mobile service stations of the IMT system within the frequency\n                                          band are subject to agreement obtained under No. 9.21 and shall not cause harmful interference to, or claim protection from, the broadcasting\n                                          service of neighbouring countries. Nos. 5.43 and 5.43A apply. (WRC-19)\n\n5.296\nAdditional allocation: in Albania, Germany, Angola, Saudi Arabia, Austria, Bahrain, Belgium, Benin, Bosnia\n                                          and Herzegovina, Botswana, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Vatican, Congo\n                                          (Rep. of the), C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, Croatia, Denmark, Djibouti, Egypt, United Arab Emirates,\n                                          Spain, Estonia, Eswatini, Finland, France, Gabon, Georgia, Ghana, Hungary, Iraq, Ireland,\n                                          Iceland, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, Kuwait, Lesotho, Latvia, Lebanon, Libya, Liechtenstein,\n                                          Lithuania, Luxembourg, North Macedonia, Malawi, Mali, Malta, Morocco, Mauritius, Mauritania,\n                                          Moldova, Monaco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Uganda, the Netherlands,\n                                          Poland, Portugal, Qatar, the Syrian Arab Republic, Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Romania,\n                                          the United Kingdom, Rwanda, San Marino, Serbia, Sudan, South Africa, Sweden, Switzerland,\n                                          Tanzania, Chad, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, Zambia and Zimbabwe, the frequency\n                                          band 470-694\u00a0MHz is also allocated on a secondary basis to the land mobile service,\n                                          intended for applications ancillary to broadcasting and programme-making. Stations\n                                          of the land mobile service in the countries listed in this footnote shall not cause\n                                          harmful interference to existing or planned stations operating in accordance with\n                                          the Table in countries other than those listed in this footnote. (WRC-19)\n\n5.296A In Micronesia, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu and Vanuatu, the frequency band 470-698\u00a0MHz,\n                                          or portions thereof, and in Bangladesh, Maldives and New Zealand, the frequency band\n                                          610-698\u00a0MHz, or portions thereof, are identified for use by these administrations\n                                          wishing to implement International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT) \u2013 see Resolution\n                                          224\u00a0(Rev.WRC-19). This identification does not preclude the use of these frequency bands by any application\n                                          of the services to which they are allocated and does not establish priority in the\n                                          Radio Regulations. The mobile allocation in this frequency band shall not be used\n                                          for IMT systems unless subject to agreement obtained under No. 9.21 and shall not cause harmful interference to, or claim protection from, the broadcasting\n                                          service of neighbouring countries. Nos. 5.43 and 5.43A apply. (WRC-19)\n\n5.297\nAdditional allocation: in Canada, Costa Rica, Cuba, El Salvador, the United States, Guatemala, Guyana and\n                                          Jamaica, the frequency band 512-608\u00a0MHz is also allocated to the fixed and mobile\n                                          services on a primary basis, subject to agreement obtained under No. 9.21. In the Bahamas, Barbados and Mexico, the frequency band 512-608\u00a0MHz is also allocated\n                                          to the mobile service on a primary basis, subject to agreement obtained under No.\n                                          9.21. In Mexico, the frequency band 512-608\u00a0MHz is also allocated on a secondary basis\n                                          to the fixed service (see No. 5.32). (WRC-19)\n\n5.298\nAdditional allocation: in India, the band 549.75-550.25\u00a0MHz is also allocated to the space operation service\n                                          (space-to-Earth) on a secondary basis.\n\n5.299 Not used.\n\n5.300\nAdditional allocation: in Saudi Arabia, Cameroon, Egypt, United Arab Emirates, Israel, Jordan, Libya, Oman,\n                                          Qatar, the Syrian Arab Republic and Sudan, the frequency band 582-790\u00a0MHz is also\n                                          allocated to the fixed and mobile, except aeronautical mobile, services on a secondary\n                                          basis. (WRC-15)\n\n5.301 Not used.\n\n5.302 (SUP \u2013 WRC-12)\n\n5.303 Not used.\n\n5.304\nAdditional allocation: in the African Broadcasting Area (see Nos. 5.10 to 5.13), the band 606-614\u00a0MHz is also allocated to the radio astronomy service on a primary\n                                          basis.\n\n5.305\nAdditional allocation: in China, the band 606-614\u00a0MHz is also allocated to the radio astronomy service on\n                                          a primary basis.\n\n5.306\nAdditional allocation: in Region 1, except in the African Broadcasting Area (see Nos. 5.10 to 5.13), and in Region 3, the band 608-614\u00a0MHz is also allocated to the radio astronomy\n                                          service on a secondary basis.\n\n5.307\nAdditional allocation: in India, the band 608-614\u00a0MHz is also allocated to the radio astronomy service on\n                                          a primary basis.\n\n5.308\nAdditional allocation: in Belize, Colombia and Guatemala, the frequency band 614-698\u00a0MHz is also allocated\n                                          to the mobile service on a primary basis. Stations of the mobile service within the\n                                          frequency band are subject to agreement obtained under No. 9.21. (WRC-19)\n\n5.308A In the Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Canada, Colombia, the United States, Guatemala\n                                          and Mexico, the frequency band 614-698\u00a0MHz, or portions thereof, is identified for\n                                          International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT) \u2013 see Resolution 224\u00a0(Rev.WRC-19). This identification does not preclude the use of these frequency bands by any application\n                                          of the services to which they are allocated and does not establish priority in the\n                                          Radio Regulations. Mobile service stations of the IMT system within the frequency\n                                          band are subject to agreement obtained under No. 9.21 and shall not cause harmful interference to, or claim protection from, the broadcasting\n                                          service of neighbouring countries. Nos. 5.43 and 5.43A apply. (WRC-19)\n\n5.309\nDifferent category of service: in El Salvador, the allocation of the frequency band 614-806\u00a0MHz to the fixed service\n                                          is on a primary basis (see No. 5.33), subject to agreement obtained under No. 9.21. (WRC-15)\n\n5.310 (SUP \u2013 WRC-97)\n\n5.311 (SUP \u2013 WRC-07)\n\n5.311A (SUP \u2013 WRC-19)\n\n5.312\nAdditional allocation: in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, the Russian Federation, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan,\n                                          Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Ukraine, the frequency band 645-862\u00a0MHz,\n                                          and in Bulgaria the frequency bands 646-686\u00a0MHz, 726-753\u00a0MHz, 778-811\u00a0MHz and 822-852\u00a0MHz,\n                                          are also allocated to the aeronautical radionavigation service on a primary basis.\n                                          (WRC-19)\n\n5.312A In Region 1, the use of the frequency band 694-790\u00a0MHz by the mobile, except aeronautical\n                                          mobile, service is subject to the provisions of Resolution 760\u00a0(Rev.WRC-19). See also Resolution 224\u00a0(Rev.WRC-19). (WRC-19)\n\n5.313 (SUP \u2013 WRC-97)\n\n5.313A The frequency band, or portions of the frequency band 698-790\u00a0MHz, in Australia,\n                                          Bangladesh, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, China, Korea (Rep. of), Fiji, India, Indonesia,\n                                          Japan, Kiribati, Lao P.D.R., Malaysia, Myanmar (Union of), New Zealand, Pakistan,\n                                          Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, the Dem. People\u2019s Rep. of Korea, Solomon Islands,\n                                          Samoa, Singapore, Thailand, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu and Viet Nam, are identified for\n                                          use by these administrations wishing to implement International Mobile Telecommunications\n                                          (IMT). This identification does not preclude the use of these frequency bands by any\n                                          application of the services to which they are allocated and does not establish priority\n                                          in the Radio Regulations. (WRC-19)\n\n5.313B (SUP \u2013 WRC-15)\n\n5.314 (SUP \u2013 WRC-15)\n\n5.315 (SUP \u2013 WRC-15)\n\n5.316 (SUP \u2013 WRC-15)\n\n5.316A (SUP \u2013 WRC-15)\n\n5.316B In Region 1, the allocation to the mobile, except aeronautical mobile, service in\n                                          the frequency band 790-862\u00a0MHz is subject to agreement obtained under No. 9.21 with respect to the aeronautical radionavigation service in countries mentioned in\n                                          No. 5.312. For countries party to the GE06\u00a0Agreement, the use of stations of the mobile service\n                                          is also subject to the successful application of the procedures of that Agreement.\n                                          Resolutions 224\u00a0(Rev.WRC-19) and 749\u00a0(Rev.WRC-19) shall apply, as appropriate. (WRC-19)\n\n5.317\n Additional allocation: in Region 2\u00a0(except Brazil, the United States and Mexico), the frequency band 806-890\u00a0MHz\n                                          is also allocated to the mobile-satellite service on a primary basis, subject to agreement\n                                          obtained under No. 9.21. The use of this service is intended for operation within national boundaries. (WRC-15)\n\n5.317A The parts of the frequency band 698-960\u00a0MHz in Region 2\u00a0and the frequency bands 694-790\u00a0MHz\n                                          in Region 1\u00a0and 790-960\u00a0MHz in Regions 1\u00a0and 3\u00a0which are allocated to the mobile service\n                                          on a primary basis are identified for use by administrations wishing to implement\n                                          International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT) \u2013 see Resolutions 224\u00a0(Rev.WRC-19), 760\u00a0(Rev.WRC-19) and 749\u00a0(Rev.WRC-19), where applicable. This identification does not preclude the use of these frequency\n                                          bands by any application of the services to which they are allocated and does not\n                                          establish priority in the Radio Regulations. (WRC-19)\n\n5.318\nAdditional allocation: in Canada, the United States and Mexico, the bands 849-851\u00a0MHz and 894- 896\u00a0MHz\n                                          are also allocated to the aeronautical mobile service on a primary basis, for public\n                                          correspondence with aircraft. The use of the band 849-851\u00a0MHz is limited to transmissions\n                                          from aeronautical stations and the use of the band 894- 896\u00a0MHz is limited to transmissions\n                                          from aircraft stations.\n\n5.319\nAdditional allocation: in Belarus, the Russian Federation and Ukraine, the bands 806-840\u00a0MHz (Earth-to-\n                                          space) and 856-890\u00a0MHz (space-to-Earth) are also allocated to the mobile-satellite,\n                                          except aeronautical mobile-satellite (R), service. The use of these bands by this\n                                          service shall not cause harmful interference to, or claim protection from, services\n                                          in other countries operating in accordance with the Table of Frequency Allocations\n                                          and is subject to special agreements between the administrations concerned.\n\n5.320\nAdditional allocation: in Region 3, the bands 806-890\u00a0MHz and 942-960\u00a0MHz are also allocated to the mobile-satellite,\n                                          except aeronautical mobile-satellite (R), service on a primary basis, subject to agreement\n                                          obtained under No. 9.21. The use of this service is limited to operation within national boundaries. In seeking\n                                          such agreement, appropriate protection shall be afforded to services operating in\n                                          accordance with the Table, to ensure that no harmful interference is caused to such\n                                          services.\n\n5.321 (SUP \u2013 WRC-07)\n\n5.322 In Region 1, in the band 862-960\u00a0MHz, stations of the broadcasting service shall\n                                          be operated only in the African Broadcasting Area (see Nos. 5.10 to 5.13) excluding Algeria, Burundi, Egypt, Spain, Lesotho, Libya, Morocco, Malawi, Namibia,\n                                          Nigeria, South Africa, Tanzania, Zimbabwe and Zambia, subject to agreement obtained\n                                          under No. 9.21. (WRC-12)\n\n5.323\nAdditional allocation: in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, the Russian Federation, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan,\n                                          Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Ukraine, the frequency band 862-960\u00a0MHz,\n                                          in Bulgaria the frequency bands 862-880\u00a0MHz and 915-925\u00a0MHz, and in Romania the frequency\n                                          bands 862-880\u00a0MHz and 915-925\u00a0MHz, are also allocated to the aeronautical radionavigation\n                                          service on a primary basis. Such use is subject to agreement obtained under No. 9.21 with administrations concerned and limited to ground-based radiobeacons in operation\n                                          on 27\u00a0October 1997\u00a0until the end of their lifetime. (WRC-19)\n\n5.324 Not used.\n\n5.325\nDifferent category of service: in the United States, the allocation of the band 890-942\u00a0MHz to the radiolocation\n                                          service is on a primary basis (see No. 5.33), subject to agreement obtained under No. 9.21.\n\n5.325A \nDifferent category of service: in Argentina, Brazil, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Ecuador,\n                                          the French overseas departments and communities in Region 2, Guatemala, Paraguay,\n                                          Uruguay and Venezuela, the frequency band 902-928\u00a0MHz is allocated to the land mobile\n                                          service on a primary basis. In Mexico, the frequency band 902-928\u00a0MHz is allocated\n                                          to the mobile, except aeronautical mobile, service on a primary basis. In Colombia,\n                                          the frequency band 902-905\u00a0MHz is allocated to the land mobile service on a primary\n                                          basis. (WRC-19)\n\n5.326\u00a0\nDifferent category of service: in Chile, the band 903-905\u00a0MHz is allocated to the mobile, except aeronautical mobile,\n                                          service on a primary basis, subject to agreement obtained under No. 9.21.\n\n5.327\u00a0\nDifferent category of service: in Australia, the allocation of the band 915-928\u00a0MHz to the radiolocation service\n                                          is on a primary basis (see No. 5.33).\n\n5.327A The use of the frequency band 960-1\u00a0164\u00a0MHz by the aeronautical mobile (R) service\n                                          is limited to systems that operate in accordance with recognized international aeronautical\n                                          standards. Such use shall be in accordance with Resolution 417\u00a0(Rev.WRC-15). (WRC-15)\n\n5.328 The use of the band 960-1\u00a0215\u00a0MHz by the aeronautical radionavigation service is\n                                          reserved on a worldwide basis for the operation and development of airborne electronic\n                                          aids to air navigation and any directly associated ground- based facilities. (WRC-2000)\n\n5.328A Stations in the radionavigation-satellite service in the band 1\u00a0164-1\u00a0215\u00a0MHz shall\n                                          operate in accordance with the provisions of Resolution 609\u00a0(Rev.WRC-07) and shall not claim protection from stations in the aeronautical radionavigation\n                                          service in the band 960-1\u00a0215\u00a0MHz. No. 5.43A does not apply. The provisions of No. 21.18 shall apply. (WRC-07)\n\n5.328AA The frequency band 1\u00a0087.7-1\u00a0092.3\u00a0MHz is also allocated to the aeronautical mobile-satellite\n                                          (R) service (Earth-to-space) on a primary basis, limited to the space station reception\n                                          of Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) emissions from aircraft transmitters\n                                          that operate in accordance with recognized international aeronautical standards. Stations\n                                          operating in the aeronautical mobile-satellite (R) service shall not claim protection\n                                          from stations operating in the aeronautical radionavigation service. Resolution 425\u00a0(Rev.WRC-19) shall apply. (WRC-19)\n\n5.328B The use of the bands 1\u00a0164-1\u00a0300\u00a0MHz, 1\u00a0559-1\u00a0610\u00a0MHz and 5\u00a0010-5\u00a0030\u00a0MHz by systems\n                                          and networks in the radionavigation-satellite service for which complete coordination\n                                          or notification information, as appropriate, is received by the Radiocommunication\n                                          Bureau after 1\u00a0January 2005\u00a0is subject to the application of the provisions of Nos.\n                                          9.12, 9.12A and 9.13. Resolution 610\u00a0(WRC-03)18 shall also apply; however, in the case of radionavigation-satellite service (space-to-space)\n                                          networks and systems, Resolution 610\u00a0(WRC-03)19\u00a0shall only apply to transmitting space stations. In accordance with No. 5.329A, for systems and networks in the radionavigation-satellite service (space-to- space)\n                                          in the bands 1\u00a0215-1\u00a0300\u00a0MHz and 1\u00a0559-1\u00a0610\u00a0MHz, the provisions of Nos. 9.7, 9.12, 9.12A and 9.13 shall only apply with respect to other systems and networks in the radionavigation-satellite\n                                          service (space-to-space). (WRC-07)\n\n5.329 Use of the radionavigation-satellite service in the frequency band 1\u00a0215-1\u00a0300\u00a0MHz\n                                          shall be subject to the condition that no harmful interference is caused to, and no\n                                          protection is claimed from, the radionavigation service authorized under No. 5.331. Furthermore, the use of the radionavigation-satellite service in the frequency band\n                                          1\u00a0215- 1\u00a0300\u00a0MHz shall be subject to the condition that no harmful interference is\n                                          caused to the radiolocation service. No. 5.43 shall not apply in respect of the radiolocation service. Resolution 608\u00a0(Rev.WRC-19) shall apply. (WRC-19)\n\n5.329A Use of systems in the radionavigation-satellite service (space-to-space) operating\n                                          in the bands 1\u00a0215-1\u00a0300\u00a0MHz and 1\u00a0559-1\u00a0610\u00a0MHz is not intended to provide safety\n                                          service applications, and shall not impose any additional constraints on radionavigation-satellite\n                                          service (space-to-Earth) systems or on other services operating in accordance with\n                                          the Table of Frequency Allocations. (WRC-07)\n\n5.330\nAdditional allocation: in Angola, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Cameroon, China, Djibouti, Egypt, the\n                                          United Arab Emirates, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Guyana, India, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic\n                                          of), Iraq, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Kuwait, Nepal, Oman, Pakistan, the Philippines,\n                                          Qatar, the Syrian Arab Republic, Somalia, Sudan, South Sudan, Chad, Togo and Yemen,\n                                          the band 1\u00a0215-1\u00a0300\u00a0MHz is also allocated to the fixed and mobile services on a primary\n                                          basis. (WRC-12)\n\n5.331\nAdditional allocation: in Algeria, Germany, Saudi Arabia, Australia, Austria, Bahrain, Belarus, Belgium,\n                                          Benin, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, China, Korea\n                                          (Rep. of), Croatia, Denmark, Egypt, the United Arab Emirates, Estonia, the Russian\n                                          Federation, Finland, France, Ghana, Greece, Guinea, Equatorial Guinea, Hungary, India,\n                                          Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Jordan, Kenya, Kuwait,\n                                          Lesotho, Latvia, Lebanon, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, North Macedonia, Madagascar,\n                                          Mali, Mauritania, Montenegro, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, the Kingdom of the\n                                          Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, the Syrian Arab Republic, Dem. People\u2019s Rep.\n                                          of Korea, Slovakia, the United Kingdom, Serbia, Slovenia, Somalia, Sudan, South Sudan,\n                                          Sri Lanka, South Africa, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Togo, Turkey, Venezuela and\n                                          Viet Nam, the frequency band 1\u00a0215-1\u00a0300\u00a0MHz is also allocated to the radionavigation\n                                          service on a primary basis. In Canada and the United States, the frequency band 1\u00a0240-1\u00a0300\u00a0MHz\n                                          is also allocated to the radionavigation service, and use of the radionavigation service\n                                          shall be limited to the aeronautical radionavigation service. (WRC-19)\n\n5.332 In the band 1\u00a0215-1\u00a0260\u00a0MHz, active spaceborne sensors in the Earth exploration-satellite and space\n                                          research services shall not cause harmful interference to, claim protection from,\n                                          or otherwise impose constraints on operation or development of the radiolocation service,\n                                          the radionavigation-satellite service and other services allocated on a primary basis.\n                                          (WRC-2000)\n\n5.333 (SUP \u2013 WRC-97)\n\n5.334\nAdditional allocation: in Canada and the United States, the band 1\u00a0350-1\u00a0370\u00a0MHz is also allocated to the\n                                          aeronautical radionavigation service on a primary basis. (WRC-03)\n\n5.335 In Canada and the United States in the band 1\u00a0240-1\u00a0300\u00a0MHz, active spaceborne sensors\n                                          in the Earth exploration-satellite and space research services shall not cause interference\n                                          to, claim protection from, or otherwise impose constraints on operation or development\n                                          of the aeronautical radionavigation service. (WRC-97)\n\n5.335A In the band 1\u00a0260-1\u00a0300\u00a0MHz, active spaceborne sensors in the Earth exploration-satellite\n                                          and space research services shall not cause harmful interference to, claim protection\n                                          from, or otherwise impose constraints on operation or development of the radiolocation\n                                          service and other services allocated by footnotes on a primary basis. (WRC-2000)\n\n5.336 Not used.\n\n5.337 The use of the bands 1\u00a0300-1\u00a0350\u00a0MHz, 2\u00a0700-2\u00a0900\u00a0MHz and 9\u00a0000-9\u00a0200\u00a0MHz by the\n                                          aeronautical radionavigation service is restricted to ground-based radars and to associated\n                                          airborne transponders which transmit only on frequencies in these bands and only when\n                                          actuated by radars operating in the same band.\n\n5.337A The use of the band 1\u00a0300-1\u00a0350\u00a0MHz by earth stations in the radionavigation-satellite\n                                          service and by stations in the radiolocation service shall not cause harmful interference\n                                          to, nor constrain the operation and development of, the aeronautical-radionavigation\n                                          service. (WRC-2000)\n\n5.338 In Kyrgyzstan, Slovakia and Turkmenistan, existing installations of the radionavigation\n                                          service may continue to operate in the band 1\u00a0350-1\u00a0400\u00a0MHz. (WRC-12)\n\n5.338A In the frequency bands 1\u00a0350-1\u00a0400\u00a0MHz, 1\u00a0427-1\u00a0452\u00a0MHz, 22.55-23.55\u00a0GHz, 24.25-27.5\u00a0GHz,\n                                          30-31.3\u00a0GHz, 49.7-50.2\u00a0GHz, 50.4-50.9\u00a0GHz, 51.4-52.4\u00a0GHz, 52.4-52.6\u00a0GHz, 81-86\u00a0GHz\n                                          and 92-94\u00a0GHz, Resolution 750\u00a0(Rev.WRC-19) applies. (WRC-19)\n\n5.339 The bands 1\u00a0370-1\u00a0400\u00a0MHz, 2\u00a0640-2\u00a0655\u00a0MHz, 4\u00a0950-4\u00a0990\u00a0MHz and 15.20-15.35\u00a0GHz are\n                                          also allocated to the space research (passive) and Earth exploration-satellite (passive)\n                                          services on a secondary basis.\n\n5.339\u00a0A (SUP \u2013 WRC-07)\n\n5.340\n\nAll emissions are prohibited in the following bands:\n\n1\u00a0400-1\u00a0427\u00a0MHz,\n\n2\u00a0690-2\u00a0700\u00a0MHz, except those provided for by No. 5.422,\n\n10.68-10.7\u00a0GHz, except those provided for by No. 5.483,\n\n15.35-15.4\u00a0GHz, except those provided for by No. 5.511,\n\n23.6-24\u00a0GHz,\n\n31.3-31.5\u00a0GHz,\n\n31.5-31.8\u00a0GHz, in Region 2,\n\n48.94-49.04\u00a0GHz, from airborne stations\n\n50.2-50.4\u00a0GHz1),\n\n52.6-54.25\u00a0GHz,\n\n86-92\u00a0GHz,\n\n100-102\u00a0GHz,\n\n109.5-111.8\u00a0GHz,\n\n114.25-116\u00a0GHz,\n\n148.5-151.5\u00a0GHz,\n\n164-167\u00a0GHz,\n\n182-185\u00a0GHz,\n\n190-191.8\u00a0GHz,\n\n200-209\u00a0GHz,\n\n226-231.5\u00a0GHz,\n\n250-252\u00a0GHz. (WRC-03)\n\n1)\n5.340.1 The allocation to the Earth exploration-satellite service (passive) and the space\n                                          research service (passive) in the band 50.2-50.4\u00a0GHz should not impose undue constraints\n                                          on the use of the adjacent bands by the primary allocated services in those bands.\n                                          (WRC-97)\n\n5.341 In the bands 1\u00a0400-1\u00a0727\u00a0MHz, 101-120\u00a0GHz and 197-220\u00a0GHz, passive research is being\n                                          conducted by some countries in a programme for the search for intentional emissions\n                                          of extraterrestrial origin.\n\n5.341A In Region 1, the frequency bands 1\u00a0427-1\u00a0452\u00a0MHz and 1\u00a0492-1\u00a0518\u00a0MHz are identified\n                                          for use by administrations wishing to implement International Mobile Telecommunications\n                                          (IMT) in accordance with Resolution 223\u00a0(Rev.WRC-15)20. This identification does not preclude the use of these frequency bands by any other\n                                          application of the services to which it is allocated and does not establish priority\n                                          in the Radio Regulations. The use of IMT stations is subject to agreement obtained\n                                          under No. 9.21 with respect to the aeronautical mobile service used for aeronautical telemetry in\n                                          accordance with No. 5.342. (WRC-15)\n\n5.341B In Region 2, the frequency band 1\u00a0427-1\u00a0518\u00a0MHz is identified for use by administrations\n                                          wishing to implement International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT) in accordance with\n                                          Resolution 223\u00a0(Rev.WRC-15)21. This identification does not preclude the use of this frequency band by any application\n                                          of the services to which they are allocated and does not establish priority in the\n                                          Radio Regulations. (WRC-15)\n\n5.341C The frequency bands 1\u00a0427-1\u00a0452\u00a0MHz and 1\u00a0492-1\u00a0518\u00a0MHz are identified for use by\n                                          administrations in Region 3\u00a0wishing to implement International Mobile Telecommunications\n                                          (IMT) in accordance with Resolution 223\u00a0(Rev.WRC-15)22. The use of these frequency bands by the above administrations for the implementation\n                                          of IMT in the frequency bands 1\u00a0429-1\u00a0452\u00a0MHz and 1\u00a0492-1\u00a0518\u00a0MHz is subject to agreement\n                                          obtained under No. 9.21 from countries using stations of the aeronautical mobile service. This identification\n                                          does not preclude the use of these frequency bands by any application of the services\n                                          to which it is allocated and does not establish priority in the Radio Regulations.\n                                          (WRC-15)\n\n5.342\nAdditional allocation: in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, the Russian Federation, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan and\n                                          Ukraine, the frequency band 1\u00a0429-1\u00a0535\u00a0MHz is also allocated to the aeronautical\n                                          mobile service on a primary basis, exclusively for the purposes of aeronautical telemetry\n                                          within the national territory. As of 1\u00a0April 2007, the use of the frequency band 1\u00a0452-1\u00a0492\u00a0MHz\n                                          is subject to agreement between the administrations concerned. (WRC-15)\n\n5.343 In Region 2, the use of the band 1\u00a0435-1\u00a0535\u00a0MHz by the aeronautical mobile service\n                                          for telemetry has priority over other uses by the mobile service.\n\n5.344\nAlternative allocation: in the United States, the band 1\u00a0452-1\u00a0525\u00a0MHz is allocated to the fixed and mobile\n                                          services on a primary basis (see also No. 5.343).\n\n5.345 Use of the frequency band 1\u00a0452-1\u00a0492\u00a0MHz by the broadcasting-satellite service,\n                                          and by the broadcasting service, is limited to digital audio broadcasting and is subject\n                                          to the provisions of Resolution 528\u00a0(Rev.WRC-19). (WRC-19)\n\n5.346 In Algeria, Angola, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi,\n                                          Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo (Rep. of the), C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, Djibouti,\n                                          Egypt, United Arab Emirates, Eswatini, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Iraq, Jordan,\n                                          Kenya, Kuwait, Lesotho, Lebanon, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Morocco, Mauritius,\n                                          Mauritania, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Uganda, Palestine23, Qatar, Dem. Rep. of the Congo, Rwanda, Senegal, Seychelles, Sudan, South Sudan,\n                                          South Africa, Tanzania, Chad, Togo, Tunisia, Zambia, and Zimbabwe, the frequency band\n                                          1\u00a0452-1\u00a0492\u00a0MHz is identified for use by administrations listed above wishing to implement\n                                          International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT) in accordance with Resolution 223\u00a0(Rev.WRC-19). This identification does not preclude the use of this frequency band by any other\n                                          application of the services to which it is allocated and does not establish priority\n                                          in the Radio Regulations. The use of this frequency band for the implementation of\n                                          IMT is subject to agreement obtained under No. 9.21 with respect to the aeronautical mobile service used for aeronautical telemetry in\n                                          accordance with No. 5.342. See also Resolution 761\u00a0(Rev.WRC-19). (WRC-19)\n\n5.346A The frequency band 1\u00a0452-1\u00a0492\u00a0MHz is identified for use by administrations\n                                          in Region 3\u00a0wishing to implement International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT) in\n                                          accordance with Resolution 223\u00a0(Rev.WRC-19) and Resolution 761\u00a0(Rev.WRC-19). The use of this frequency band by the above administrations for the implementation\n                                          of IMT is subject to agreement obtained under No. 9.21 from countries using stations of the aeronautical mobile service. This identification\n                                          does not preclude the use of this frequency band by any application of the services\n                                          to which it is allocated and does not establish priority in the Radio Regulations.\n                                          (WRC-19)\n\n5.347 (SUP \u2013 WRC-07)\n\n5.347A\n24 (SUP \u2013 WRC-07)\n\n5.348 The use of the band 1\u00a0518-1\u00a0525\u00a0MHz by the mobile-satellite service is subject to\n                                          coordination under No. 9.11A. In the band 1\u00a0518-1\u00a0525\u00a0MHz stations in the mobile-satellite service shall not claim\n                                          protection from the stations in the fixed service. No. 5.43A does not apply. (WRC-03)\n\n5.348A In the band 1\u00a0518-1\u00a0525\u00a0MHz, the coordination threshold in terms of the power flux-density\n                                          levels at the surface of the Earth in application of No. 9.11A for space stations in the mobile-satellite (space-to-Earth) service, with respect\n                                          to the land mobile service use for specialized mobile radios or used in conjunction\n                                          with public switched telecommunication networks (PSTN) operating within the territory\n                                          of Japan, shall be -150\u00a0dB(W/m2) in any 4\u00a0kHz band for all angles of arrival, instead of those given in Table 5-2\u00a0of\n                                          Appendix 5. In the band 1\u00a0518-1\u00a0525\u00a0MHz stations in the mobile-satellite service shall not claim\n                                          protection from stations in the mobile service in the territory of Japan. No. 5.43A does not apply. (WRC-03)\n\n5.348B In the band 1\u00a0518-1\u00a0525\u00a0MHz, stations in the mobile-satellite service shall not claim\n                                          protection from aeronautical mobile telemetry stations in the mobile service in the\n                                          territory of the United States (see Nos. 5.343 and 5.344) and in the countries listed in No. 5.342. No. 5.43A does not apply. (WRC-03)\n\n5.348C (SUP \u2013 WRC-07)\n\n5.349\nDifferent category of service: in Saudi Arabia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Cameroon, Egypt, Iran (Islamic Republic of),\n                                          Iraq, Israel, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Lebanon, North Macedonia, Morocco, Qatar, Syrian\n                                          Arab Republic, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan and Yemen, the allocation of the frequency\n                                          band 1\u00a0525-1\u00a0530\u00a0MHz to the mobile, except aeronautical mobile, service is on a primary\n                                          basis (see No. 5.33). (WRC-19)\n\n5.350\nAdditional allocation: in Kyrgyzstan and Turkmenistan, the frequency band 1\u00a0525-1\u00a0530\u00a0MHz is also allocated\n                                          to the aeronautical mobile service on a primary basis. (WRC-19)\n\n5.351 The bands 1\u00a0525-1\u00a0544\u00a0MHz, 1\u00a0545-1\u00a0559\u00a0MHz, 1\u00a0626.5-1\u00a0645.5\u00a0MHz and 1\u00a0646.5-1\u00a0660.5\u00a0MHz\n                                          shall not be used for feeder links of any service. In exceptional circumstances, however,\n                                          an earth station at a specified fixed point in any of the mobile-satellite services\n                                          may be authorized by an administration to communicate via space stations using these\n                                          bands.\n\n5.351A For the use of the bands 1\u00a0518-1\u00a0544\u00a0MHz, 1\u00a0545-1\u00a0559\u00a0MHz, 1\u00a0610-1\u00a0645.5\u00a0MHz, 1\u00a0646.5-1\u00a0660.5\u00a0MHz,\n                                          1\u00a0668-1\u00a0675\u00a0MHz, 1\u00a0980-2\u00a0010\u00a0MHz, 2\u00a0170-2\u00a0200\u00a0MHz, 2\u00a0483.5-2\u00a0520\u00a0MHz and 2\u00a0670-2\u00a0690\u00a0MHz\n                                          by the mobile-satellite service, see Resolutions 212\u00a0(Rev.WRC-07)25 and 225\u00a0(Rev.WRC-07)26. (WRC-07)\n\n5.352 (SUP \u2013 WRC-97)\n\n5.352A In the frequency band 1\u00a0525-1\u00a0530\u00a0MHz, stations in the mobile-satellite service,\n                                          except stations in the maritime mobile-satellite service, shall not cause harmful\n                                          interference to, or claim protection from, stations of the fixed service in Algeria,\n                                          Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Guinea, India, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Kuwait, Mali, Morocco,\n                                          Mauritania, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, the Philippines, Qatar, Syrian Arab Republic,\n                                          Viet Nam and Yemen notified prior to 1\u00a0April 1998. (WRC-19)\n\n5.353 (SUP \u2013 WRC-97)\n\n5.353A In applying the procedures of Section II of Article 9 to the mobile-satellite service in the bands 1\u00a0530-1\u00a0544\u00a0MHz and 1\u00a0626.5-1\u00a0645.5\u00a0MHz,\n                                          priority shall be given to accommodating the spectrum requirements for distress, urgency\n                                          and safety communications of the Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS).\n                                          Maritime mobile-satellite distress, urgency and safety communications shall have priority\n                                          access and immediate availability over all other mobile satellite communications operating\n                                          within a network. Mobile-satellite systems shall not cause unacceptable interference\n                                          to, or claim protection from, distress, urgency and safety communications of the GMDSS.\n                                          Account shall be taken of the priority of safety-related communications in the other\n                                          mobile-satellite services. (The provisions of Resolution 222\u00a0(WRC-2000)27 shall apply.) (WRC-2000)\n\n5.354 The use of the bands 1\u00a0525-1\u00a0559\u00a0MHz and 1\u00a0626.5-1\u00a0660.5\u00a0MHz by the mobile-satellite\n                                          services is subject to coordination under No. 9.11A.\n\n5.355\nAdditional allocation: in Bahrain, Bangladesh, Congo (Rep. of the), Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Iraq, Israel,\n                                          Kuwait, Qatar, Syrian Arab Republic, Somalia, Sudan, South Sudan, Chad, Togo and Yemen,\n                                          the bands 1\u00a0540- 1\u00a0559\u00a0MHz, 1\u00a0610-1\u00a0645.5\u00a0MHz and 1\u00a0646.5-1\u00a0660\u00a0MHz are also allocated\n                                          to the fixed service on a secondary basis. (WRC-12)\n\n5.356 The use of the band 1\u00a0544-1\u00a0545\u00a0MHz by the mobile-satellite service (space-to-Earth)\n                                          is limited to distress and safety communications (see Article 31).\n\n5.357 Transmissions in the band 1\u00a0545-1\u00a0555\u00a0MHz from terrestrial aeronautical stations\n                                          directly to aircraft stations, or between aircraft stations, in the aeronautical mobile\n                                          (R) service are also authorized when such transmissions are used to extend or supplement\n                                          the satellite-to-aircraft links.\n\n5.357A In applying the procedures of Section II of Article 9 to the mobile-satellite service in the frequency bands 1\u00a0545-1\u00a0555\u00a0MHz and 1\u00a0646.5-1\u00a0656.5\u00a0MHz,\n                                          priority shall be given to accommodating the spectrum requirements of the aeronautical\n                                          mobile-satellite (R) service providing transmission of messages with priority 1\u00a0to\n                                          6\u00a0in Article 44. Aeronautical mobile-satellite (R) service communications with priority 1\u00a0to 6\u00a0in\n                                          Article 44 shall have priority access and immediate availability, by pre-emption if necessary,\n                                          over all other mobile-satellite communications operating within a network. Mobile-satellite\n                                          systems shall not cause unacceptable interference to, or claim protection from, aeronautical\n                                          mobile-satellite (R) service communications with priority 1\u00a0to 6\u00a0in Article 44. Account shall be taken of the priority of safety-related communications in the other\n                                          mobile-satellite services. (The provisions of Resolution 222\u00a0(Rev.WRC-12)28 shall apply.) (WRC-12)\n\n5.358 (SUP \u2013 WRC-97)\n\n5.359\nAdditional allocation: in Germany, Saudi Arabia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Cameroon, the Russian Federation,\n                                          Georgia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Lithuania, Mauritania,\n                                          Uganda, Uzbekistan, Pakistan, Poland, the Syrian Arab Republic, Kyrgyzstan, the Dem.\n                                          People\u2019s Rep. of Korea, Romania, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkmenistan and Ukraine, the\n                                          frequency bands 1\u00a0550-1\u00a0559\u00a0MHz, 1\u00a0610-1\u00a0645.5\u00a0MHz and 1\u00a0646.5-1\u00a0660\u00a0MHz are also\n                                          allocated to the fixed service on a primary basis. Administrations are urged to make\n                                          all practicable efforts to avoid the implementation of new fixed-service stations\n                                          in these frequency bands. (WRC-19)\n\n5.360 to 5.362 (SUP \u2013 WRC-97)\n\n5.362A In the United States, in the bands 1\u00a0555-1\u00a0559\u00a0MHz and 1\u00a0656.5-1\u00a0660.5\u00a0MHz, the aeronautical\n                                          mobile- satellite (R) service shall have priority access and immediate availability,\n                                          by pre-emption if necessary, over all other mobile-satellite communications operating\n                                          within a network. Mobile-satellite systems shall not cause unacceptable interference\n                                          to, or claim protection from, aeronautical mobile-satellite (R) service communications\n                                          with priority 1\u00a0to 6\u00a0in Article 44. Account shall be taken of the priority of safety-related communications in the other\n                                          mobile-satellite services. (WRC-97)\n\n5.362B (SUP \u2013 WRC-15)\n\n5.362C (SUP \u2013 WRC-15)\n\n5.363 (SUP \u2013 WRC-07)\n\n5.364 The use of the band 1\u00a0610-1\u00a0626.5\u00a0MHz by the mobile-satellite service (Earth-to-space)\n                                          and by the radiodetermination-satellite service (Earth-to-space) is subject to coordination\n                                          under No. 9.11A. A mobile earth station operating in either of the services in this band shall not\n                                          produce a peak e.i.r.p. density in excess of \u221215\u00a0dB(W/4\u00a0kHz) in the part of the band\n                                          used by systems operating in accordance with the provisions of No. 5.366 (to which No. 4.10 applies), unless otherwise agreed by the affected administrations. In the part of\n                                          the band where such systems are not operating, the mean e.i.r.p. density of a mobile\n                                          earth station shall not exceed -3\u00a0dB(W/4\u00a0kHz). Stations of the mobile-satellite service\n                                          shall not claim protection from stations in the aeronautical radionavigation service,\n                                          stations operating in accordance with the provisions of No. 5.366 and stations in the fixed service operating in accordance with the provisions of\n                                          No. 5.359. Administrations responsible for the coordination of mobile-satellite networks shall\n                                          make all practicable efforts to ensure protection of stations operating in accordance\n                                          with the provisions of No. 5.366.\n\n5.365 The use of the band 1\u00a0613.8-1\u00a0626.5\u00a0MHz by the mobile-satellite service (space-to-Earth)\n                                          is subject to coordination under No. 9.11A.\n\n5.366 The band 1\u00a0610-1\u00a0626.5\u00a0MHz is reserved on a worldwide basis for the use and development\n                                          of airborne electronic aids to air navigation and any directly associated ground-based\n                                          or satellite-borne facilities. Such satellite use is subject to agreement obtained\n                                          under No. 9.21.\n\n5.367\nAdditional allocation: The frequency band 1\u00a0610-1\u00a0626.5\u00a0MHz is also allocated to the aeronautical mobile-\n                                          satellite (R) service on a primary basis, subject to agreement obtained under No.\n                                          9.21. (WRC-12)\n\n5.368 The provisions of No. 4.10 do not apply with respect to the radiodetermination-satellite and mobile-satellite\n                                          services in the frequency band 1\u00a0610-1\u00a0626.5\u00a0MHz. However, No. 4.10 applies in the frequency band 1\u00a0610-1\u00a0626.5\u00a0MHz with respect to the aeronautical\n                                          radionavigation-satellite service when operating in accordance with No. 5.366, the aeronautical mobile satellite (R) service when operating in accordance with\n                                          No. 5.367, and in the frequency band 1\u00a0621.35-1\u00a0626.5\u00a0MHz with respect to the maritime mobile-satellite\n                                          service when used for GMDSS. (WRC-19)\n\n5.369\nDifferent category of service: in Angola, Australia, China, Eritrea, Ethiopia, India, Iran (Islamic Republic of),\n                                          Israel, Lebanon, Liberia, Madagascar, Mali, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Syrian Arab\n                                          Republic, the Dem. Rep. of the Congo, Sudan, South Sudan, Togo and Zambia, the allocation\n                                          of the band 1\u00a0610-1\u00a0626.5\u00a0MHz to the radiodetermination-satellite service (Earth-to-space)\n                                          is on a primary basis (see No. 5.33), subject to agreement obtained under No. 9.21 from countries not listed in this provision. (WRC-12)\n\n5.370\nDifferent category of service: in Venezuela, the allocation to the radiodetermination-satellite service in the band\n                                          1\u00a0610-1\u00a0626.5\u00a0MHz (Earth-to-space) is on a secondary basis.\n\n5.371\nAdditional allocation: in Region 1, the band 1\u00a0610-1\u00a0626.5\u00a0MHz (Earth-to-space) is also allocated to the\n                                          radiodetermination-satellite service on a secondary basis, subject to agreement obtained\n                                          under No. 9.21. (WRC-12)\n\n5.372 Harmful interference shall not be caused to stations of the radio astronomy service\n                                          using the frequency band 1\u00a0610.6-1\u00a0613.8\u00a0MHz by stations of the radiodetermination-satellite\n                                          and mobile-satellite services (No. 29.13 applies). The equivalent power flux-density (epfd) produced in the frequency band\n                                          1\u00a0610.6-1\u00a0613.8\u00a0MHz by all space stations of a non-geostationary-satellite system\n                                          in the mobile-satellite service (space-to-Earth) operating in frequency band 1\u00a0613.8-1\u00a0626.5\u00a0MHz\n                                          shall be in compliance with the protection criteria provided in Recommendations ITU-R\n                                          RA.769-2\u00a0and ITU-R RA.1513-2, using the methodology given in Recommendation ITU-R\n                                          M.1583-1, and the radio astronomy antenna pattern described in Recommendation ITU-R\n                                          RA.1631-0. (WRC-19)\n\n5.373 Maritime mobile earth stations receiving in the frequency band 1\u00a0621.35-1\u00a0626.5\u00a0MHz\n                                          shall not impose additional constraints on earth stations operating in the maritime\n                                          mobile-satellite service or maritime earth stations of the radiodetermination-satellite\n                                          service operating in accordance with the Radio Regulations in the frequency band 1\u00a0610-\n                                          1\u00a0621.35\u00a0MHz or on earth stations operating in the maritime mobile-satellite service\n                                          operating in accordance with the Radio Regulations in the frequency band 1\u00a0626.5-1\u00a0660.5\u00a0MHz,\n                                          unless otherwise agreed between the notifying administrations. (WRC-19)\n\n5.373A Maritime mobile earth stations receiving in the frequency band 1\u00a0621.35-1\u00a0626.5\u00a0MHz\n                                          shall not impose constraints on the assignments of earth stations of the mobile-satellite\n                                          service (Earth-to-space) and the radiodetermination- satellite service (Earth-to-space)\n                                          in the frequency band 1\u00a0621.35-1\u00a0626.5\u00a0MHz in networks for which complete coordination\n                                          information has been received by the Radiocommunication Bureau before 28\u00a0October 2019.\n                                          (WRC-19)\n\n5.374 Mobile earth stations in the mobile-satellite service operating in the bands 1\u00a0631.5-1\u00a0634.5\u00a0MHz\n                                          and 1\u00a0656.5-1\u00a0660\u00a0MHz shall not cause harmful interference to stations in the fixed\n                                          service operating in the countries listed in No. 5.359. (WRC-97)\n\n5.375 The use of the band 1\u00a0645.5-1\u00a0646.5\u00a0MHz by the mobile-satellite service (Earth-to-space)\n                                          and for inter- satellite links is limited to distress and safety communications (see\n                                          Article 31).\n\n5.376 Transmissions in the band 1\u00a0646.5-1\u00a0656.5\u00a0MHz from aircraft stations in the aeronautical\n                                          mobile (R) service directly to terrestrial aeronautical stations, or between aircraft\n                                          stations, are also authorized when such transmissions are used to extend or supplement\n                                          the aircraft-to-satellite links.\n\n5.376A Mobile earth stations operating in the band 1\u00a0660-1\u00a0660.5\u00a0MHz shall not cause harmful\n                                          interference to stations in the radio astronomy service. (WRC-97)\n\n5.377 (SUP \u2013 WRC-03)\n\n5.378 Not used.\n\n5.379\nAdditional allocation: in Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Nigeria and Pakistan, the band 1\u00a0660.5-1\u00a0668.4\u00a0MHz\n                                          is also allocated to the meteorological aids service on a secondary basis.\n\n5.379A Administrations are urged to give all practicable protection in the band 1\u00a0660.5-1\u00a0668.4\u00a0MHz\n                                          for future research in radio astronomy, particularly by eliminating air-to-ground\n                                          transmissions in the meteorological aids service in the band 1\u00a0664.4-1\u00a0668.4\u00a0MHz as\n                                          soon as practicable.\n\n5.379B The use of the band 1\u00a0668-1\u00a0675\u00a0MHz by the mobile-satellite service is subject to\n                                          coordination under No. 9.11A. In the band 1\u00a0668-1\u00a0668.4\u00a0MHz, Resolution 904\u00a0(WRC-07) shall apply. (WRC-07)\n\n5.379C In order to protect the radio astronomy service in the band 1\u00a0668-1\u00a0670\u00a0MHz, the\n                                          aggregate power flux- density values produced by mobile earth stations in a network\n                                          of the mobile-satellite service operating in this band shall not exceed -181\u00a0dB(W/m2) in 10\u00a0MHz and \u2212194\u00a0dB(W/m2) in any 20\u00a0kHz at any radio astronomy station recorded in the Master International\n                                          Frequency Register, for more than 2% of integration periods of 2\u00a0000\u00a0s. (WRC-03)\n\n5.379D For sharing of the band 1\u00a0668.4-1\u00a0675\u00a0MHz between the mobile-satellite service and\n                                          the fixed and mobile services, Resolution 744\u00a0(Rev.WRC-07) shall apply. (WRC-07)\n\n5.379E In the band 1\u00a0668.4-1\u00a0675\u00a0MHz, stations in the mobile-satellite service shall not\n                                          cause harmful interference to stations in the meteorological aids service in China,\n                                          Iran (Islamic Republic of), Japan and Uzbekistan. In the band 1\u00a0668.4-1\u00a0675\u00a0MHz, administrations\n                                          are urged not to implement new systems in the meteorological aids service and are\n                                          encouraged to migrate existing meteorological aids service operations to other bands\n                                          as soon as practicable. (WRC-03)\n\n5.380 (SUP \u2013 WRC-07)\n\n5.380A In the band 1\u00a0670-1\u00a0675\u00a0MHz, stations in the mobile-satellite service shall not cause\n                                          harmful interference to, nor constrain the development of, existing earth stations\n                                          in the meteorological-satellite service notified before 1\u00a0January 2004. Any new assignment\n                                          to these earth stations in this band shall also be protected from harmful interference\n                                          from stations in the mobile-satellite service. (WRC-07)\n\n5.381\nAdditional allocation: in Afghanistan, Cuba, India, Iran (Islamic Republic of) and Pakistan, the band 1\u00a0690-1\u00a0700\u00a0MHz\n                                          is also allocated to the fixed and mobile, except aeronautical mobile, services on\n                                          a primary basis. (WRC-12)\n\n5.382\nDifferent category of service: in Saudi Arabia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Belarus, Congo (Rep. of the), Egypt,\n                                          the United Arab Emirates, Eritrea, Ethiopia, the Russian Federation, Guinea, Iraq,\n                                          Israel, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Lebanon, North Macedonia, Mauritania, Moldova,\n                                          Mongolia, Oman, Uzbekistan, Poland, Qatar, the Syrian Arab Republic, Kyrgyzstan, Somalia,\n                                          Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Yemen, the allocation of the frequency band\n                                          1\u00a0690-1\u00a0700\u00a0MHz to the fixed and mobile, except aeronautical mobile, services is on\n                                          a primary basis (see No. 5.33), and in the Dem. People\u2019s Rep. of Korea, the allocation of the frequency band 1\u00a0690-1\u00a0700\u00a0MHz\n                                          to the fixed service is on a primary basis (see No. 5.33) and to the mobile, except aeronautical mobile, service on a secondary basis. (WRC-19)\n\n5.383 Not used.\n\n5.384\nAdditional allocation: in India, Indonesia and Japan, the band 1\u00a0700-1\u00a0710\u00a0MHz is also allocated to the\n                                          space research service (space-to-Earth) on a primary basis. (WRC-97)\n\n5.384A The frequency bands 1\u00a0710-1\u00a0885\u00a0MHz, 2\u00a0300-2\u00a0400\u00a0MHz and 2\u00a0500-2\u00a0690\u00a0MHz, or portions\n                                          thereof, are identified for use by administrations wishing to implement International\n                                          Mobile Telecommunications (IMT) in accordance with Resolution 223\u00a0(Rev.WRC-15)29. This identification does not preclude the use of these frequency bands by any application\n                                          of the services to which they are allocated and does not establish priority in the\n                                          Radio Regulations. (WRC-15)\n\n5.385\nAdditional allocation: the band 1\u00a0718.8-1\u00a0722.2\u00a0MHz is also allocated to the radio astronomy service on\n                                          a secondary basis for spectral line observations. (WRC-2000)\n\n5.386\nAdditional allocation: the frequency band 1\u00a0750-1\u00a0850\u00a0MHz is also allocated to the space operation (Earth-\n                                          to-space) and space research (Earth-to-space) services in Region 2\u00a0(except in Mexico),\n                                          in Australia, Guam, India, Indonesia and Japan on a primary basis, subject to agreement\n                                          obtained under No. 9.21, having particular regard to troposcatter systems. (WRC-15)\n\n5.387\nAdditional allocation: in Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Romania, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan,\n                                          the band 1\u00a0770-1\u00a0790\u00a0MHz is also allocated to the meteorological-satellite service\n                                          on a primary basis, subject to agreement obtained under No. 9.21. (WRC-12)\n\n5.388 The frequency bands 1\u00a0885-2\u00a0025\u00a0MHz and 2\u00a0110-2\u00a0200\u00a0MHz are intended for use, on\n                                          a worldwide basis, by administrations wishing to implement International Mobile Telecommunications\n                                          (IMT). Such use does not preclude the use of these frequency bands by other services\n                                          to which they are allocated. The frequency bands should be made available for IMT\n                                          in accordance with Resolution 212\u00a0(Rev.WRC-15)28) (see also Resolution 223\u00a0(Rev.WRC-15)30). (WRC-15)\n\n5.388A In Regions 1\u00a0and 3, the bands 1\u00a0885-1\u00a0980\u00a0MHz, 2\u00a0010-2\u00a0025\u00a0MHz and 2\u00a0110-2\u00a0170\u00a0MHz\n                                          and, in Region 2, the bands 1\u00a0885-1\u00a0980\u00a0MHz and 2\u00a0110-2\u00a0160\u00a0MHz may be used by high\n                                          altitude platform stations as base stations to provide International Mobile Telecommunications\n                                          (IMT), in accordance with Resolution 221\u00a0(Rev.WRC-07). Their use by IMT applications using high altitude platform stations as base stations\n                                          does not preclude the use of these bands by any station in the services to which they\n                                          are allocated and does not establish priority in the Radio Regulations. (WRC-12)\n\n5.388B In Algeria, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Comoros, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire,\n                                          China, Cuba, Djibouti, Egypt, United Arab Emirates, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana,\n                                          India, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Israel, Jordan, Kenya, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya,\n                                          Mali, Morocco, Mauritania, Nigeria, Oman, Uganda, Pakistan, Qatar, the Syrian Arab\n                                          Republic, Senegal, Singapore, Sudan, South Sudan, Tanzania, Chad, Togo, Tunisia, Yemen,\n                                          Zambia and Zimbabwe, for the purpose of protecting fixed and mobile services, including\n                                          IMT mobile stations, in their territories from co-channel interference, a high altitude\n                                          platform station (HAPS) operating as an IMT base station in neighbouring countries,\n                                          in the frequency bands referred to in No. 5.388A, shall not exceed a co-channel power flux-density of \u2212127\u00a0dB(W/(m2 \u2022 MHz)) at the Earth\u2019s surface outside a country\u2019s borders unless explicit agreement\n                                          of the affected administration is provided at the time of the notification of HAPS.\n                                          (WRC-19)\n\n5.389 Not used.\n\n5.389A The use of the bands 1\u00a0980-2\u00a0010\u00a0MHz and 2\u00a0170-2\u00a0200\u00a0MHz by the mobile-satellite\n                                          service is subject to coordination under No. 9.11A and to the provisions of Resolution 716\u00a0(Rev.WRC-2000)30. (WRC-07)\n\n5.389B The use of the frequency band 1\u00a0980-1\u00a0990\u00a0MHz by the mobile-satellite service shall\n                                          not cause harmful interference to or constrain the development of the fixed and mobile\n                                          services in Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Ecuador, the United States, Honduras,\n                                          Jamaica, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay and Venezuela.\n                                          (WRC-19)\n\n5.389C The use of the bands 2\u00a0010-2\u00a0025\u00a0MHz and 2\u00a0160-2\u00a0170\u00a0MHz in Region 2\u00a0by the mobile-satellite\n                                          service is subject to coordination under No. 9.11A and to the provisions of Resolution 716\u00a0(Rev.WRC-2000)31. (WRC-07)\n\n5.389D (SUP \u2013 WRC-03)\n\n5.389E The use of the bands 2\u00a0010-2\u00a0025\u00a0MHz and 2\u00a0160-2\u00a0170\u00a0MHz by the mobile-satellite\n                                          service in Region 2\u00a0shall not cause harmful interference to or constrain the development\n                                          of the fixed and mobile services in Regions 1\u00a0and 3.\n\n5.389F In Algeria, Cape Verde, Egypt, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Mali, Syrian Arab Republic\n                                          and Tunisia, the use of the frequency bands 1\u00a0980-2\u00a0010\u00a0MHz and 2\u00a0170-2\u00a0200\u00a0MHz by\n                                          the mobile-satellite service shall neither cause harmful interference to the fixed\n                                          and mobile services, nor hamper the development of those services prior to 1\u00a0January\n                                          2005, nor shall the former service request protection from the latter services. (WRC-19)\n\n5.390 (SUP \u2013 WRC-07)\n\n5.391 In making assignments to the mobile service in the frequency bands 2\u00a0025-2\u00a0110\u00a0MHz\n                                          and 2\u00a0200-2\u00a0290\u00a0MHz, administrations shall not introduce high-density mobile systems,\n                                          as described in Recommendation ITU-R SA.1154-0, and shall take that Recommendation\n                                          into account for the introduction of any other type of mobile system. (WRC-15)\n\n5.392 Administrations are urged to take all practicable measures to ensure that space-to-space\n                                          transmissions between two or more non-geostationary satellites, in the space research,\n                                          space operations and Earth exploration-satellite services in the bands 2\u00a0025-2\u00a0110\u00a0MHz\n                                          and 2\u00a0200-2\u00a0290\u00a0MHz, shall not impose any constraints on Earth-to-space, space- to-Earth\n                                          and other space-to-space transmissions of those services and in those bands between\n                                          geostationary and non- geostationary satellites.\n\n5.392A (SUP \u2013 WRC-07)\n\n5.393\nAdditional allocation: in Canada, the United States and India, the frequency band 2\u00a0310-2\u00a0360\u00a0MHz is also\n                                          allocated to the broadcasting-satellite service (sound) and complementary terrestrial\n                                          sound broadcasting service on a primary basis. Such use is limited to digital audio\n                                          broadcasting and is subject to the provisions of Resolution 528\u00a0(Rev.WRC-19), with the exception of resolves 3\u00a0in regard to the limitation on broadcasting-satellite systems in the upper 25\u00a0MHz.\n                                          Complementary terrestrial sound broadcasting stations shall be subject to bilateral\n                                          coordination with neighbouring countries prior to their bringing into use. (WRC-19)\n\n5.394 In the United States, the use of the band 2\u00a0300-2\u00a0390\u00a0MHz by the aeronautical mobile\n                                          service for telemetry has priority over other uses by the mobile services. In Canada,\n                                          the use of the band 2\u00a0360-2\u00a0400\u00a0MHz by the aeronautical mobile service for telemetry\n                                          has priority over other uses by the mobile services. (WRC-07)\n\n5.395 In France and Turkey, the use of the band 2\u00a0310-2\u00a0360\u00a0MHz by the aeronautical mobile\n                                          service for telemetry has priority over other uses by the mobile service. (WRC-03)\n\n5.396 (SUP \u2013 WRC-19)\n\n5.397 (SUP \u2013 WRC-12)\n\n5.398 In respect of the radiodetermination-satellite service in the band 2\u00a0483.5-2\u00a0500\u00a0MHz,\n                                          the provisions of No. 4.10 do not apply.\n\n5.398A \nDifferent category of service: in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, the Russian Federation, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan,\n                                          Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Ukraine, the band 2\u00a0483.5-2\u00a0500\u00a0MHz is allocated on a primary\n                                          basis to the radiolocation service. The radiolocation stations in these countries\n                                          shall not cause harmful interference to, or claim protection from, stations of the\n                                          fixed, mobile and mobile-satellite services operating in accordance with the Radio\n                                          Regulations in the frequency band 2\u00a0483.5-2\u00a0500\u00a0MHz. (WRC-12)\n\n5.399 Except for cases referred to in No. 5.401, stations of the radiodetermination-satellite service operating in the frequency\n                                          band 2\u00a0483.5-2\u00a0500\u00a0MHz for which notification information is received by the Bureau\n                                          after 17\u00a0February 2012, and the service area of which includes Armenia, Azerbaijan,\n                                          Belarus, the Russian Federation, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and\n                                          Ukraine, shall not cause harmful interference to, and shall not claim protection from\n                                          stations of the radiolocation service operating in these countries in accordance with\n                                          No. 5.398A. (WRC-12)\n\n5.400 (SUP \u2013 WRC-12)\n\n5.401 In Angola, Australia, Bangladesh, China, Eritrea, Eswatini, Ethiopia, India, Lebanon,\n                                          Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Mali, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Syrian Arab Republic,\n                                          Dem. Rep. of the Congo, Sudan, Togo and Zambia, the frequency band 2\u00a0483.5-2\u00a0500\u00a0MHz\n                                          was already allocated on a primary basis to the radiodetermination- satellite service\n                                          before WRC-12, subject to agreement obtained under No. 9.21 from countries not listed in this provision. Systems in the radiodetermination-satellite\n                                          service for which complete coordination information has been received by the Radiocommunication\n                                          Bureau before 18\u00a0February 2012\u00a0will retain their regulatory status, as of the date\n                                          of receipt of the coordination request information. (WRC-19)\n\n5.402 The use of the band 2\u00a0483.5-2\u00a0500\u00a0MHz by the mobile-satellite and the radiodetermination-satellite\n                                          services is subject to the coordination under No. 9.11A. Administrations are urged to take all practicable steps to prevent harmful interference\n                                          to the radio astronomy service from emissions in the 2\u00a0483.5-2\u00a0500\u00a0MHz band, especially\n                                          those caused by second-harmonic radiation that would fall into the 4\u00a0990-5\u00a0000\u00a0MHz\n                                          band allocated to the radio astronomy service worldwide.\n\n5.403 Subject to agreement obtained under No. 9.21, the band 2\u00a0520-2\u00a0535\u00a0MHz may also be used for the mobile- satellite (space-to-Earth),\n                                          except aeronautical mobile-satellite, service for operation limited to within national\n                                          boundaries. The provisions of No. 9.11A apply. (WRC-07)\n\n5.404\nAdditional allocation: in India and Iran (Islamic Republic of), the band 2\u00a0500-2\u00a0516.5\u00a0MHz may also be used\n                                          for the radiodetermination-satellite service (space-to-Earth) for operation limited\n                                          to within national boundaries, subject to agreement obtained under No. 9.21.\n\n5.405 (SUP \u2013 WRC-12)\n\n5.406 Not used.\n\n5.407 In the band 2\u00a0500-2\u00a0520\u00a0MHz, the power flux-density at the surface of the Earth from\n                                          space stations operating in the mobile-satellite (space-to-Earth) service shall not\n                                          exceed -152\u00a0dB(W/(m2 \u2022 4\u00a0kHz)) in Argentina, unless otherwise agreed by the administrations concerned.\n\n5.408 (SUP \u2013 WRC-2000)\n\n5.409 (SUP \u2013 WRC-07)\n\n5.410 The band 2\u00a0500-2\u00a0690\u00a0MHz may be used for tropospheric scatter systems in Region 1,\n                                          subject to agreement obtained under No. 9.21. No. 9.21 does not apply to tropospheric scatter links situated entirely outside Region 1.\n                                          Administrations shall make all practicable efforts to avoid developing new tropospheric\n                                          scatter systems in this band. When planning new tropospheric scatter radio-relay links\n                                          in this band, all possible measures shall be taken to avoid directing the antennas\n                                          of these links towards the geostationary-satellite orbit. (WRC-12)\n\n5.411 (SUP \u2013 WRC-07)\n\n5.412\nAlternative allocation: in Kyrgyzstan and Turkmenistan, the band 2\u00a0500-2\u00a0690\u00a0MHz is allocated to the fixed\n                                          and mobile, except aeronautical mobile, services on a primary basis. (WRC-12)\n\n5.413 In the design of systems in the broadcasting-satellite service in the bands between\n                                          2\u00a0500\u00a0MHz and 2\u00a0690\u00a0MHz, administrations are urged to take all necessary steps to\n                                          protect the radio astronomy service in the band 2\u00a0690-2\u00a0700\u00a0MHz.\n\n5.414 The allocation of the frequency band 2\u00a0500-2\u00a0520\u00a0MHz to the mobile-satellite service\n                                          (space-to-Earth) is subject to coordination under No. 9.11A. (WRC-07)\n\n5.414A In Japan and India, the use of the bands 2\u00a0500-2\u00a0520\u00a0MHz and 2\u00a0520-2\u00a0535\u00a0MHz, under\n                                          No. 5.403, by a satellite network in the mobile-satellite service (space-to-Earth)\n                                          is limited to operation within national boundaries and subject to the application\n                                          of No. 9.11A. The following pfd values shall be used as a threshold for coordination under No.\n                                          9.11A, for all conditions and for all methods of modulation, in an area of 1\u00a0000\u00a0km around\n                                          the territory of the administration notifying the mobile-satellite service network:\n\n\u2013136\n\ndB(W/(m2 \u2022 MHz))\n\nfor 0\u00b0 \u2264 \u03b8 \u2264 5\u00b0\n\n\u2013136\u00a0+ 0.55\u00a0(\u03b8 \u2212 5)\n\ndB(W/(m2 \u2022 MHz))\n\nfor 5\u00b0 < \u03b8 \u2264 25\u00b0\n\n\u2013125\n\ndB(W/(m2 \u2022 MHz))\n\nfor 25\u00b0 < \u03b8 \u2264 90\u00b0\n\nwhere \u03b8 is the angle of arrival of the incident wave above the horizontal plane, in\n                                          degrees. Outside this area Table 21-4 of Article 21 shall apply. Furthermore, the coordination thresholds in Table 5-2\u00a0of Annex 1\u00a0to\n                                          Appendix 5 of the Radio Regulations (Edition of 2004), in conjunction with the applicable provisions\n                                          of Articles 9 and 11 associated with No. 9.11A, shall apply to systems for which complete notification information has been received\n                                          by the Radicommunication Bureau by 14\u00a0November 2007\u00a0and that have been brought into\n                                          use by that date. (WRC-07)\n\n5.415 The use of the bands 2\u00a0500-2\u00a0690\u00a0MHz in Region 2\u00a0and 2\u00a0500-2\u00a0535\u00a0MHz and 2\u00a0655-2\u00a0690\u00a0MHz\n                                          in Region 3\u00a0by the fixed-satellite service is limited to national and regional systems,\n                                          subject to agreement obtained under No. 9.21, giving particular attention to the broadcasting-satellite service in Region 1. (WRC-07)\n\n5.415A\nAdditional allocation: in India and Japan, subject to agreement obtained under No. 9.21, the band 2\u00a0515-2\u00a0535\u00a0MHz may also be used for the aeronautical mobile-satellite\n                                          service (space-to-Earth) for operation limited to within their national boundaries.\n                                          (WRC-2000)\n\n5.416 The use of the band 2\u00a0520-2\u00a0670\u00a0MHz by the broadcasting-satellite service is limited\n                                          to national and regional systems for community reception, subject to agreement obtained\n                                          under No. 9.21. The provisions of No. 9.19 shall be applied by administrations in this band in their bilateral and multilateral\n                                          negotiations. (WRC-07)\n\n5.417 (SUP \u2013 WRC-2000)\n\n5.417A (SUP \u2013 WRC-15)\n\n5.417B (SUP \u2013 WRC-15)\n\n5.417C (SUP \u2013 WRC-15)\n\n5.417D (SUP \u2013 WRC-15)\n\n5.418\nAdditional allocation: in India, the frequency band 2\u00a0535-2\u00a0655\u00a0MHz is also allocated to the broadcasting-\n                                          satellite service (sound) and complementary terrestrial broadcasting service on a\n                                          primary basis. Such use is limited to digital audio broadcasting and is subject to\n                                          the provisions of Resolution 528\u00a0(Rev.WRC-19). The provisions of No. 5.416 and Table 21-4 of Article 21 do not apply to this additional allocation. Use of non-geostationary-satellite systems\n                                          in the broadcasting-satellite service (sound) is subject to Resolution 539\u00a0(Rev.WRC-19). Geostationary broadcasting-satellite service (sound) systems for which complete\n                                          Appendix 4 coordination information has been received after 1\u00a0June 2005\u00a0are limited to systems\n                                          intended for national coverage. The power flux-density at the Earth\u2019s surface produced\n                                          by emissions from a geostationary broadcasting-satellite service (sound) space station\n                                          operating in the frequency band 2\u00a0630- 2\u00a0655\u00a0MHz, and for which complete Appendix\n                                          4 coordination information has been received after 1\u00a0June 2005, shall not exceed the\n                                          following limits, for all conditions and for all methods of modulation:\n\n\u2013130\u00a0dB(W/(m2 \u2022 MHz))\n\nfor 0\u00b0 \u2264 \u03b8 \u2264 5\u00b0\n\n\u2013130\u00a0+ 0.4\u00a0(\u03b8 \u2212 5) dB(W/(m2 \u2022 MHz))\n\nfor 5\u00b0 < \u03b8 \u2264 25\u00b0\n\n\u2013122\u00a0dB(W/(m2 \u2022 MHz))\n\nfor 25\u00b0 < \u03b8 \u2264 90\u00b0\n\nwhere \u03b8 is the angle of arrival of the incident wave above the horizontal plane, in\n                                          degrees. These limits may be exceeded on the territory of any country whose administration\n                                          has so agreed. As an exception to the limits above, the pfd value of \u2212122\u00a0dB(W/(m2 \u2022 MHz)) shall be used as a threshold for coordination under No. 9.11 in an area of 1\u00a0500\u00a0km around the territory of the administration notifying the broadcasting-satellite\n                                          service (sound) system.\n\nIn addition, an administration listed in this provision shall not have simultaneously\n                                          two overlapping frequency assignments, one under this provision and the other under\n                                          No. 5.416 for systems for which complete Appendix 4 coordination information has been received after 1\u00a0June 2005. (WRC-19)\n\n5.418A In certain Region 3\u00a0countries listed in No. 5.418, use of the band 2\u00a0630-2\u00a0655\u00a0MHz by non-geostationary- satellite systems in the broadcasting-satellite\n                                          service (sound) for which complete Appendix 4 coordination information, or notification information, has been received after 2\u00a0June\n                                          2000, is subject to the application of the provisions of No. 9.12A, in respect of geostationary-satellite networks for which complete Appendix 4 coordination information, or notification information, is considered to have been\n                                          received after 2\u00a0June 2000, and No. 22.2 does not apply. No. 22.2 shall continue to apply with respect to geostationary-satellite networks for which\n                                          complete Appendix 4 coordination information, or notification information, is considered to have been\n                                          received before 3\u00a0June 2000. (WRC-03)\n\n5.418B Use of the band 2\u00a0630-2\u00a0655\u00a0MHz by non-geostationary-satellite systems in the broadcasting-satellite\n                                          service (sound), pursuant to No. 5.418, for which complete Appendix 4 coordination information, or notification information, has been received after 2\u00a0June\n                                          2000, is subject to the application of the provisions of No. 9.12. (WRC-03)\n\n5.418C Use of the band 2\u00a0630-2\u00a0655\u00a0MHz by geostationary-satellite networks for which complete\n                                          Appendix 4 coordination information, or notification information, has been received after 2\u00a0June\n                                          2000\u00a0is subject to the application of the provisions of No. 9.13 with respect to non-geostationary-satellite systems in the broadcasting-satellite\n                                          service (sound), pursuant to No. 5.418 and No. 22.2 does not apply. (WRC-03)\n\n5.419 When introducing systems of the mobile-satellite service in the band 2\u00a0670-2\u00a0690\u00a0MHz,\n                                          administrations shall take all necessary steps to protect the satellite systems operating\n                                          in this band prior to 3\u00a0March 1992. The coordination of mobile-satellite systems in\n                                          the band shall be in accordance with No. 9.11A. (WRC-07)\n\n5.420 The band 2\u00a0655-2\u00a0670\u00a0MHz may also be used for the mobile-satellite (Earth-to-space),\n                                          except aeronautical mobile-satellite, service for operation limited to within national\n                                          boundaries, subject to agreement obtained under No. 9.21. The coordination under No. 9.11A applies. (WRC-07)\n\n5.420A (SUP \u2013 WRC-07)\n\n5.421 (SUP \u2013 WRC-03)\n\n5.422\nAdditional allocation: in Saudi Arabia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Belarus, Brunei Darussalam, Congo\n                                          (Rep. of the), C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, Cuba, Djibouti, Egypt, the United Arab Emirates, Eritrea,\n                                          Ethiopia, Gabon, Georgia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq,\n                                          Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Mauritania, Mongolia, Montenegro, Nigeria, Oman,\n                                          Pakistan, the Philippines, Qatar, Syrian Arab Republic, Kyrgyzstan, the Dem. Rep.\n                                          of the Congo, Romania, Somalia, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Yemen,\n                                          the band 2\u00a0690-2\u00a0700\u00a0MHz is also allocated to the fixed and mobile, except aeronautical\n                                          mobile, services on a primary basis. Such use is limited to equipment in operation\n                                          by 1\u00a0January 1985. (WRC-12)\n\n5.423 In the band 2\u00a0700-2\u00a0900\u00a0MHz, ground-based radars used for meteorological purposes\n                                          are authorized to operate on a basis of equality with stations of the aeronautical\n                                          radionavigation service.\n\n5.424\nAdditional allocation: in Canada, the band 2\u00a0850-2\u00a0900\u00a0MHz is also allocated to the maritime radionavigation\n                                          service, on a primary basis, for use by shore-based radars.\n\n5.424A In the band 2\u00a0900-3\u00a0100\u00a0MHz, stations in the radiolocation service shall not cause\n                                          harmful interference to, nor claim protection from, radar systems in the radionavigation\n                                          service. (WRC-03)\n\n5.425 In the band 2\u00a0900-3\u00a0100\u00a0MHz, the use of the shipborne interrogator-transponder (SIT)\n                                          system shall be confined to the sub-band 2\u00a0930\u00a0-2\u00a0950\u00a0MHz.\n\n5.426 The use of the band 2\u00a0900-3\u00a0100\u00a0MHz by the aeronautical radionavigation service is\n                                          limited to ground- based radars.\n\n5.427 In the bands 2\u00a0900-3\u00a0100\u00a0MHz and 9\u00a0300-9\u00a0500\u00a0MHz, the response from radar transponders\n                                          shall not be capable of being confused with the response from radar beacons (racons)\n                                          and shall not cause interference to ship or aeronautical radars in the radionavigation\n                                          service, having regard, however, to No. 4.9.\n\n5.428\nAdditional allocation: in Kyrgyzstan and Turkmenistan, the frequency band 3\u00a0100-3\u00a0300\u00a0MHz is also allocated\n                                          to the radionavigation service on a primary basis. (WRC-19)\n\n5.429\nAdditional allocation: in Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Benin, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Cameroon,\n                                          China, Congo (Rep. of the), Korea (Rep. of), C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, Egypt, the United Arab\n                                          Emirates, India, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Japan, Jordan, Kenya,\n                                          Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Malaysia, New Zealand, Oman, Uganda, Pakistan, Qatar, the\n                                          Syrian Arab Republic, the Dem. Rep. of the Congo, the Dem. People\u2019s Rep. of Korea,\n                                          Sudan and Yemen, the frequency band 3\u00a0300-3\u00a0400\u00a0MHz is also allocated to the fixed\n                                          and mobile services on a primary basis. New Zealand and the countries bordering the\n                                          Mediterranean shall not claim protection for their fixed and mobile services from\n                                          the radiolocation service. (WRC-19)\n\n5.429A \nAdditional allocation: in Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Djibouti, Eswatini, Ghana, Guinea,\n                                          Guinea-Bissau, Lesotho, Liberia, Malawi, Mauritania, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria,\n                                          Rwanda, Sudan, South Sudan, South Africa, Tanzania, Chad, Togo, Zambia and Zimbabwe,\n                                          the frequency band 3\u00a0300-3\u00a0400\u00a0MHz is allocated to the mobile, except aeronautical\n                                          mobile, service on a primary basis. Stations in the mobile service operating in the\n                                          frequency band 3\u00a0300-3\u00a0400\u00a0MHz shall not cause harmful interference to, or claim protection\n                                          from, stations operating in the radiolocation service. (WRC-19)\n\n5.429B In the following countries of Region 1\u00a0south of 30\u00b0 parallel north: Angola, Benin,\n                                          Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Congo (Rep. of the), C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, Egypt,\n                                          Eswatini, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Malawi, Mauritania,\n                                          Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Uganda, the Dem. Rep. of the Congo, Rwanda, Sudan,\n                                          South Sudan, South Africa, Tanzania, Chad, Togo, Zambia and Zimbabwe, the frequency\n                                          band 3\u00a0300- 3\u00a0400\u00a0MHz is identified for the implementation of International Mobile\n                                          Telecommunications (IMT). The use of this frequency band shall be in accordance with\n                                          Resolution 223\u00a0(Rev.WRC-19). The use of the frequency band 3\u00a0300- 3\u00a0400\u00a0MHz by IMT stations in the mobile service\n                                          shall not cause harmful interference to, or claim protection from, systems in the\n                                          radiolocation service, and administrations wishing to implement IMT shall obtain the\n                                          agreement of neighbouring countries to protect operations within the radiolocation\n                                          service. This identification does not preclude the use of this frequency band by any\n                                          application of the services to which it is allocated and does not establish priority\n                                          in the Radio Regulations. (WRC-19)\n\n5.429C\nDifferent category of service: in Argentina, Belize, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic,\n                                          El Salvador, Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico, Paraguay and Uruguay, the frequency band\n                                          3\u00a0300-3\u00a0400\u00a0MHz is allocated to the mobile, except aeronautical mobile, service on\n                                          a primary basis. In Argentina, Brazil, the Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Mexico,\n                                          Paraguay and Uruguay, the frequency band 3\u00a0300-3\u00a0400\u00a0MHz is also allocated to the\n                                          fixed service on a primary basis. Stations in the fixed and mobile services operating\n                                          in the frequency band 3\u00a0300-3\u00a0400\u00a0MHz shall not cause harmful interference to, or\n                                          claim protection from, stations operating in the radiolocation service. (WRC-19)\n\n5.429D In the following countries in Region 2: Argentina, Belize, Brazil, Chile, Colombia,\n                                          Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico, Paraguay\n                                          and Uruguay, the use of the frequency band 3\u00a0300-3\u00a0400\u00a0MHz is identified for the implementation\n                                          of International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT). Such use shall be in accordance\n                                          with Resolution 223\u00a0(Rev.WRC-19). This use in Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay is subject to the application of No.\n                                          9.21. The use of the frequency band 3\u00a0300-3\u00a0400\u00a0MHz by IMT stations in the mobile service\n                                          shall not cause harmful interference to, or claim protection from, systems in the\n                                          radiolocation service, and administrations wishing to implement IMT shall obtain the\n                                          agreement of neighbouring countries to protect operations within the radiolocation\n                                          service. This identification does not preclude the use of this frequency band by any\n                                          application of the services to which it is allocated and does not establish priority\n                                          in the Radio Regulations. (WRC-19)\n\n5.429E\nAdditional allocation: in Papua New Guinea, the frequency band 3\u00a0300-3\u00a0400\u00a0MHz is allocated to the mobile,\n                                          except aeronautical mobile, service on a primary basis. Stations in the mobile service\n                                          operating in the frequency band 3\u00a0300-3\u00a0400\u00a0MHz shall not cause harmful interference\n                                          to, or claim protection from, stations operating in the radiolocation service. (WRC-15)\n\n5.429F In the following countries in Region 3: Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Lao P.D.R., Pakistan,\n                                          the Philippines and Viet Nam, the use of the frequency band 3\u00a0300-3\u00a0400\u00a0MHz is identified\n                                          for the implementation of International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT). Such use\n                                          shall be in accordance with Resolution 223\u00a0(Rev.WRC-19). The use of the frequency band 3\u00a0300-3\u00a0400\u00a0MHz by IMT stations in the mobile service\n                                          shall not cause harmful interference to, or claim protection from, systems in the\n                                          radiolocation service. Before an administration brings into use a base or mobile station\n                                          of an IMT system in this frequency band, it shall seek agreement under No. 9.21 with neighbouring countries to protect the radiolocation service. This identification\n                                          does not preclude the use of this frequency band by any application of the services\n                                          to which it is allocated and does not establish priority in the Radio Regulations.\n                                          (WRC-19)\n\n5.430\nAdditional allocation: in Kyrgyzstan and Turkmenistan, the frequency band 3\u00a0300-3\u00a0400\u00a0MHz is also allocated\n                                          to the radionavigation service on a primary basis. (WRC-19)\n\n5.430A The allocation of the frequency band 3\u00a0400-3\u00a0600\u00a0MHz to the mobile, except aeronautical\n                                          mobile, service is subject to agreement obtained under No. 9.21. This frequency band is identified for International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT).\n                                          This identification does not preclude the use of this frequency band by any application\n                                          of the services to which it is allocated and does not establish priority in the Radio\n                                          Regulations. The provisions of Nos. 9.17 and 9.18 shall also apply in the coordination phase. Before an administration brings into\n                                          use a (base or mobile) station of the mobile service in this frequency band, it shall\n                                          ensure that the power flux-density (pfd) produced at 3\u00a0m above ground does not exceed\n                                          \u2212154.5\u00a0dB(W/(m2 \u2022 4\u00a0kHz)) for more than 20% of time at the border of the territory of any other administration.\n                                          This limit may be exceeded on the territory of any country whose administration has\n                                          so agreed. In order to ensure that the pfd limit at the border of the territory of\n                                          any other administration is met, the calculations and verification shall be made,\n                                          taking into account all relevant information, with the mutual agreement of both administrations\n                                          (the administration responsible for the terrestrial station and the administration\n                                          responsible for the earth station) and with the assistance of the Bureau if so requested.\n                                          In case of disagreement, calculation and verification of the pfd shall be made by\n                                          the Bureau, taking into account the information referred to above. Stations of the\n                                          mobile service in the frequency band 3\u00a0400-3\u00a0600\u00a0MHz shall not claim more protection\n                                          from space stations than that provided in Table 21-4 of the Radio Regulations (Edition of 2004). (WRC-15)\n\n5.431\nAdditional allocation: in Germany, the frequency band 3\u00a0400-3\u00a0475\u00a0MHz is also allocated to the amateur service\n                                          on a secondary basis. (WRC-19)\n\n5.431A In Region 2, the allocation of the frequency band 3\u00a0400-3\u00a0500\u00a0MHz to the mobile,\n                                          except aeronautical mobile, service on a primary basis is subject to agreement obtained\n                                          under No. 9.21. (WRC-15)\n\n5.431B In Region 2, the frequency band 3\u00a0400-3\u00a0600\u00a0MHz is identified for use by administrations\n                                          wishing to implement International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT). This identification\n                                          does not preclude the use of this frequency band by any application of the services\n                                          to which it is allocated and does not establish priority in the Radio Regulations.\n                                          At the stage of coordination the provisions of Nos. 9.17 and 9.18 also apply. Before an administration brings into use a base or mobile station of\n                                          an IMT system, it shall seek agreement under No. 9.21 with other administrations and ensure that the power flux-density (pfd) produced\n                                          at 3\u00a0m above ground does not exceed \u2212154.5\u00a0dB(W/(m2 \u2022 4\u00a0kHz)) for more than 20% of time at the border of the territory of any other administration.\n                                          This limit may be exceeded on the territory of any country whose administration has\n                                          so agreed. In order to ensure that the pfd limit at the border of the territory of\n                                          any other administration is met, the calculations and verification shall be made,\n                                          taking into account all relevant information, with the mutual agreement of both administrations\n                                          (the administration responsible for the terrestrial station and the administration\n                                          responsible for the earth station), with the assistance of the Bureau if so requested.\n                                          In case of disagreement, the calculation and verification of the pfd shall be made\n                                          by the Bureau, taking into account the information referred to above. Stations of\n                                          the mobile service, including IMT systems, in the frequency band 3\u00a0400-3\u00a0600\u00a0MHz shall\n                                          not claim more protection from space stations than that provided in Table 21-4 of the Radio Regulations (Edition of 2004). (WRC-15)\n\n5.432\nDifferent category of service: in Korea (Rep. of), Japan, Pakistan and the Dem. People\u2019s Rep. of Korea, the allocation\n                                          of the frequency band 3\u00a0400-3\u00a0500\u00a0MHz to the mobile, except aeronautical mobile, service\n                                          is on a primary basis (see No. 5.33). (WRC-19)\n\n5.432A In Korea (Rep. of), Japan, Pakistan and the Dem. People\u2019s Rep. of Korea, the frequency\n                                          band 3\u00a0400-3\u00a0500\u00a0MHz is identified for International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT).\n                                          This identification does not preclude the use of this frequency band by any application\n                                          of the services to which it is allocated and does not establish priority in the Radio\n                                          Regulations. At the stage of coordination the provisions of Nos. 9.17 and 9.18 also apply. Before an administration brings into use a (base or mobile) station of\n                                          the mobile service in this frequency band it shall ensure that the power flux- density\n                                          (pfd) produced at 3\u00a0m above ground does not exceed \u2212154.5\u00a0dB(W/(m2. 4\u00a0kHz)) for more than 20% of time at the border of the territory of any other administration.\n                                          This limit may be exceeded on the territory of any country whose administration has\n                                          so agreed. In order to ensure that the pfd limit at the border of the territory of\n                                          any other administration is met, the calculations and verification shall be made,\n                                          taking into account all relevant information, with the mutual agreement of both administrations\n                                          (the administration responsible for the terrestrial station and the administration\n                                          responsible for the earth station), with the assistance of the Bureau if so requested.\n                                          In case of disagreement, the calculation and verification of the pfd shall be made\n                                          by the Bureau, taking into account the information referred to above. Stations of\n                                          the mobile service in the frequency band 3\u00a0400-3\u00a0500\u00a0MHz shall not claim more protection\n                                          from space stations than that provided in Table 21-4 of the Radio Regulations (Edition of 2004). (WRC-19)\n\n5.432B\nDifferent category of service: in Australia, Bangladesh, Brunei Darussalam, China, French overseas communities of\n                                          Region 3, India, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Malaysia, New Zealand, the\n                                          Philippines, Singapore and Thailand, the frequency band 3\u00a0400-3\u00a0500\u00a0MHz is allocated\n                                          to the mobile, except aeronautical mobile, service on a primary basis, subject to\n                                          agreement obtained under No. 9.21 with other administrations and is identified for International Mobile Telecommunications\n                                          (IMT). This identification does not preclude the use of this frequency band by any\n                                          application of the services to which it is allocated and does not establish priority\n                                          in the Radio Regulations. At the stage of coordination the provisions of Nos. 9.17 and 9.18 also apply. Before an administration brings into use a (base or mobile) station of\n                                          the mobile service in this frequency band it shall ensure that the power flux-density\n                                          (pfd) produced at 3\u00a0m above ground does not exceed \u2212154.5\u00a0dB(W/(m2.4\u00a0kHz)) for more than 20% of time at the border of the territory of any other administration.\n                                          This limit may be exceeded on the territory of any country whose administration has\n                                          so agreed. In order to ensure that the pfd limit at the border of the territory of\n                                          any other administration is met, the calculations and verification shall be made,\n                                          taking into account all relevant information, with the mutual agreement of both administrations\n                                          (the administration responsible for the terrestrial station and the administration\n                                          responsible for the earth station), with the assistance of the Bureau if so requested.\n                                          In case of disagreement, the calculation and verification of the pfd shall be made\n                                          by the Bureau, taking into account the information referred to above. Stations of\n                                          the mobile service in the frequency band 3\u00a0400-3\u00a0500\u00a0MHz shall not claim more protection\n                                          from space stations than that provided in Table 21-4 of the Radio Regulations (Edition of 2004). (WRC-19)\n\n5.433 In Regions 2\u00a0and 3, in the band 3\u00a0400-3\u00a0600\u00a0MHz the radiolocation service is allocated\n                                          on a primary basis. However, all administrations operating radiolocation systems in\n                                          this band are urged to cease operations by 1985. Thereafter, administrations shall\n                                          take all practicable steps to protect the fixed-satellite service and coordination\n                                          requirements shall not be imposed on the fixed-satellite service.\n\n5.433A In Australia, Bangladesh, Brunei Darussalam, China, French overseas communities of\n                                          Region 3, Korea (Rep. of), India, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Japan, New\n                                          Zealand, Pakistan, the Philippines and the Dem. People\u2019s Rep. of Korea, the frequency\n                                          band 3\u00a0500-3\u00a0600\u00a0MHz is identified for International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT).\n                                          This identification does not preclude the use of this frequency band by any application\n                                          of the services to which it is allocated and does not establish priority in the Radio\n                                          Regulations. At the stage of coordination the provisions of Nos. 9.17 and 9.18 also apply. Before an administration brings into use a (base or mobile) station of\n                                          the mobile service in this frequency band it shall ensure that the power flux-density\n                                          (pfd) produced at 3\u00a0m above ground does not exceed \u2212154.5\u00a0dB(W/(m2. 4\u00a0kHz)) for more than 20% of time at the border of the territory of any other administration.\n                                          This limit may be exceeded on the territory of any country whose administration has\n                                          so agreed. In order to ensure that the pfd limit at the border of the territory of\n                                          any other administration is met, the calculations and verification shall be made,\n                                          taking into account all relevant information, with the mutual agreement of both administrations\n                                          (the administration responsible for the terrestrial station and the administration\n                                          responsible for the earth station), with the assistance of the Bureau if so requested.\n                                          In case of disagreement, the calculation and verification of the pfd shall be made\n                                          by the Bureau, taking into account the information referred to above. Stations of\n                                          the mobile service in the frequency band 3\u00a0500-3\u00a0600\u00a0MHz shall not claim more protection\n                                          from space stations than that provided in Table 21-4 of the Radio Regulations (Edition of 2004). (WRC-19)\n\n5.434 In Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, the United States and Paraguay,\n                                          the frequency band 3\u00a0600-3\u00a0700\u00a0MHz, or portions thereof, is identified for use by\n                                          these administrations wishing to implement International Mobile Telecommunications\n                                          (IMT). This identification does not preclude the use of this frequency band by any\n                                          application of the services to which it is allocated and does not establish priority\n                                          in the Radio Regulations. At the stage of coordination the provisions of Nos. 9.17 and 9.18 also apply. Before an administration brings into use a base or mobile station of\n                                          an IMT system, it shall seek agreement under No. 9.21 with other administrations and ensure that the power flux-density (pfd) produced\n                                          at 3\u00a0m above ground does not exceed \u2212154.5\u00a0dB(W/(m2 \u2022 4\u00a0kHz)) for more than 20% of time at the border of the territory of any other administration.\n                                          This limit may be exceeded on the territory of any country whose administration has\n                                          so agreed. In order to ensure that the pfd limit at the border of the territory of\n                                          any other administration is met, the calculations and verification shall be made,\n                                          taking into account all relevant information, with the mutual agreement of both administrations\n                                          (the administration responsible for the terrestrial station and the administration\n                                          responsible for the earth station), with the assistance of the Bureau if so requested.\n                                          In case of disagreement, the calculation and verification of the pfd shall be made\n                                          by the Bureau, taking into account the information referred to above. Stations of\n                                          the mobile service, including IMT systems, in the frequency band 3\u00a0600-3\u00a0700\u00a0MHz shall\n                                          not claim more protection from space stations than that provided in Table 21-4 of the Radio Regulations (Edition of 2004). (WRC-19)\n\n5.435 In Japan, in the band 3\u00a0620-3\u00a0700\u00a0MHz, the radiolocation service is excluded.\n\n5.436 Use of the frequency band 4\u00a0200-4\u00a0400\u00a0MHz by stations in the aeronautical mobile\n                                          (R) service is reserved exclusively for wireless avionics intra-communication systems\n                                          that operate in accordance with recognized international aeronautical standards. Such\n                                          use shall be in accordance with Resolution 424\u00a0(WRC-15). (WRC-15)\n\n5.437 Passive sensing in the Earth exploration-satellite and space research services may\n                                          be authorized in the frequency band 4\u00a0200-4\u00a0400\u00a0MHz on a secondary basis. (WRC-15)\n\n5.438 Use of the frequency band 4\u00a0200-4\u00a0400\u00a0MHz by the aeronautical radionavigation service\n                                          is reserved exclusively for radio altimeters installed on board aircraft and for the\n                                          associated transponders on the ground. (WRC-15)\n\n5.439\nAdditional allocation: in Iran (Islamic Republic of), the band 4\u00a0200-4\u00a0400\u00a0MHz is also allocated to the\n                                          fixed service on a secondary basis. (WRC-12)\n\n5.440 The standard frequency and time signal-satellite service may be authorized to use\n                                          the frequency 4\u00a0202\u00a0MHz for space-to-Earth transmissions and the frequency 6\u00a0427\u00a0MHz\n                                          for Earth-to-space transmissions. Such transmissions shall be confined within the\n                                          limits of \u00b1 2\u00a0MHz of these frequencies, subject to agreement obtained under No. 9.21.\n\n5.440A In Region 2\u00a0(except Brazil, Cuba, French overseas departments and communities, Guatemala,\n                                          Paraguay, Uruguay and Venezuela), and in Australia, the band 4\u00a0400-4\u00a0940\u00a0MHz may be\n                                          used for aeronautical mobile telemetry for flight testing by aircraft stations (see\n                                          No. 1.83). Such use shall be in accordance with Resolution 416\u00a0(WRC-07) and shall not cause harmful interference to, nor claim protection from, the fixed-satellite\n                                          and fixed services. Any such use does not preclude the use of this band by other mobile\n                                          service applications or by other services to which this band is allocated on a co-primary\n                                          basis and does not establish priority in the Radio Regulations. (WRC-07)\n\n5.441 The use of the bands 4\u00a0500-4\u00a0800\u00a0MHz (space-to-Earth), 6\u00a0725-7\u00a0025\u00a0MHz (Earth-to-space)\n                                          by the fixed- satellite service shall be in accordance with the provisions of Appendix\n                                          30B. The use of the bands 10.7-10.95\u00a0GHz (space-to-Earth), 11.2-11.45\u00a0GHz (space-to-Earth)\n                                          and 12.75-13.25\u00a0GHz (Earth-to-space) by geostationary-satellite systems in the fixed-satellite\n                                          service shall be in accordance with the provisions of Appendix 30B. The use of the bands 10.7-10.95\u00a0GHz (space-to-Earth), 11.2-11.45\u00a0GHz (space-to-Earth)\n                                          and 12.75-13.25\u00a0GHz (Earth-to-space) by a non-geostationary-satellite system in the\n                                          fixed-satellite service is subject to application of the provisions of No. 9.12 for coordination with other non-geostationary-satellite systems in the fixed-satellite\n                                          service. Non-geostationary-satellite systems in the fixed-satellite service shall\n                                          not claim protection from geostationary-satellite networks in the fixed-satellite\n                                          service operating in accordance with the Radio Regulations, irrespective of the dates\n                                          of receipt by the Bureau of the complete coordination or notification information,\n                                          as appropriate, for the non-geostationary-satellite systems in the fixed- satellite\n                                          service and of the complete coordination or notification information, as appropriate,\n                                          for the geostationary-satellite networks, and No. 5.43A does not apply. Non-geostationary-satellite systems in the fixed-satellite service\n                                          in the above bands shall be operated in such a way that any unacceptable interference\n                                          that may occur during their operation shall be rapidly eliminated. (WRC-2000)\n\n5.441A In Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay, the frequency band 4\u00a0800-4\u00a0900\u00a0MHz, or portions\n                                          thereof, is identified for the implementation of International Mobile Telecommunications\n                                          (IMT). This identification does not preclude the use of this frequency band by any\n                                          application of the services to which it is allocated and does not establish priority\n                                          in the Radio Regulations. The use of this frequency band for the implementation of\n                                          IMT is subject to agreement obtained with neighbouring countries, and IMT stations\n                                          shall not claim protection from stations of other applications of the mobile service.\n                                          Such use shall be in accordance with Resolution 223\u00a0(Rev.WRC-19). (WRC-19)\n\n5.441B In Angola, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Benin, Botswana, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia,\n                                          Cameroon, China, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, Djibouti, Eswatini, Russian Federation, Gambia, Guinea,\n                                          Iran (Islamic Republic of), Kazakhstan, Kenya, Lao P.D.R., Lesotho, Liberia, Malawi,\n                                          Mauritius, Mongolia, Mozambique, Nigeria, Uganda, Uzbekistan, the Dem. Rep. of the\n                                          Congo, Kyrgyzstan, the Dem. People\u2019s Rep. of Korea, Sudan, South Africa, Tanzania,\n                                          Togo, Viet Nam, Zambia and Zimbabwe, the frequency band 4\u00a0800-4\u00a0990\u00a0MHz, or portions\n                                          thereof, is identified for use by administrations wishing to implement International\n                                          Mobile Telecommunications (IMT). This identification does not preclude the use of\n                                          this frequency band by any application of the services to which it is allocated and\n                                          does not establish priority in the Radio Regulations. The use of IMT stations is subject\n                                          to agreement obtained under No. 9.21 with concerned administrations, and IMT stations shall not claim protection from\n                                          stations of other applications of the mobile service. In addition, before an administration\n                                          brings into use an IMT station in the mobile service, it shall ensure that the power\n                                          flux-density (pfd) produced by this station does not exceed \u2212155\u00a0dB(W/(m2 \u2022 1\u00a0MHz)) produced up to 19\u00a0km above sea level at 20\u00a0km from the coast, defined as\n                                          the low-water mark, as officially recognized by the coastal State. This pfd criterion\n                                          is subject to review at WRC-23. Resolution 223\u00a0(Rev.WRC-19) applies. This identification shall be effective after WRC-19. (WRC-19)\n\n5.442 In the frequency bands 4\u00a0825-4\u00a0835\u00a0MHz and 4\u00a0950-4\u00a0990\u00a0MHz, the allocation to the\n                                          mobile service is restricted to the mobile, except aeronautical mobile, service. In\n                                          Region 2\u00a0(except Brazil, Cuba, Guatemala, Mexico, Paraguay, Uruguay and Venezuela),\n                                          and in Australia, the frequency band 4\u00a0825-4\u00a0835\u00a0MHz is also allocated to the aeronautical\n                                          mobile service, limited to aeronautical mobile telemetry for flight testing by aircraft\n                                          stations. Such use shall be in accordance with Resolution 416\u00a0(WRC-07) and shall not cause harmful interference to the fixed service. (WRC-15)\n\n5.443\nDifferent category of service: in Argentina, Australia and Canada, the allocation of the bands 4\u00a0825-4\u00a0835\u00a0MHz and\n                                          4\u00a0950-4\u00a0990\u00a0MHz to the radio astronomy service is on a primary basis (see No. 5.33).\n\n5.443A (SUP \u2013 WRC-03)\n\n5.443AA In the frequency bands 5\u00a0000-5\u00a0030\u00a0MHz and 5\u00a0091-5\u00a0150\u00a0MHz, the aeronautical mobile-satellite\n                                          (R) service is subject to agreement obtained under No. 9.21. The use of these bands by the aeronautical mobile-satellite (R) service is limited\n                                          to internationally standardized aeronautical systems. (WRC-12)\n\n5.443B In order not to cause harmful interference to the microwave landing system operating\n                                          above 5\u00a0030\u00a0MHz, the aggregate power flux-density produced at the Earth\u2019s surface\n                                          in the frequency band 5\u00a0030-5\u00a0150\u00a0MHz by all the space stations within any radionavigation-satellite\n                                          service system (space-to-Earth) operating in the frequency band 5\u00a0010-5\u00a0030\u00a0MHz shall\n                                          not exceed \u2212124.5\u00a0dB(W/m2) in a 150\u00a0kHz band. In order not to cause harmful interference to the radio astronomy\n                                          service in the frequency band 4\u00a0990-5\u00a0000\u00a0MHz, radionavigation-satellite service systems\n                                          operating in the frequency band 5\u00a0010-5\u00a0030\u00a0MHz shall comply with the limits in the\n                                          frequency band 4\u00a0990-5\u00a0000\u00a0MHz defined in Resolution 741\u00a0(Rev.WRC-15). (WRC-15)\n\n5.443C The use of the frequency band 5\u00a0030-5\u00a0091\u00a0MHz by the aeronautical mobile (R) service\n                                          is limited to internationally standardized aeronautical systems. Unwanted emissions\n                                          from the aeronautical mobile (R) service in the frequency band 5\u00a0030-5\u00a0091\u00a0MHz shall\n                                          be limited to protect RNSS system downlinks in the adjacent 5\u00a0010-5\u00a0030\u00a0MHz band.\n                                          Until such time that an appropriate value is established in a relevant ITU-R Recommendation,\n                                          the e.i.r.p. density limit of \u221275\u00a0dBW/MHz in the frequency band 5\u00a0010-5\u00a0030\u00a0MHz for\n                                          any AM(R)S station unwanted emission should be used. (WRC-12)\n\n5.443D In the frequency band 5\u00a0030-5\u00a0091\u00a0MHz, the aeronautical mobile-satellite (R) service\n                                          is subject to coordination under No. 9.11A. The use of this frequency band by the aeronautical mobile-satellite (R) service\n                                          is limited to internationally standardized aeronautical systems. (WRC-12)\n\n5.444 The frequency band 5\u00a0030-5\u00a0150\u00a0MHz is to be used for the operation of the international\n                                          standard system (microwave landing system) for precision approach and landing. In\n                                          the frequency band 5\u00a0030-5\u00a0091\u00a0MHz, the requirements of this system shall have priority\n                                          over other uses of this frequency band. For the use of the frequency band 5\u00a0091-5\u00a0150\u00a0MHz,\n                                          No. 5.444A and Resolution 114\u00a0(Rev.WRC-15) apply. (WRC-15)\n\n5.444A The use of the allocation to the fixed-satellite service (Earth-to-space) in the\n                                          frequency band 5\u00a0091-5\u00a0150\u00a0MHz is limited to feeder links of non-geostationary satellite\n                                          systems in the mobile-satellite service and is subject to coordination under No. 9.11A. The use of the frequency band 5\u00a0091-5\u00a0150\u00a0MHz by feeder links of non-geostationary\n                                          satellite systems in the mobile-satellite service shall be subject to application\n                                          of Resolution 114\u00a0(Rev.WRC-15). Moreover, to ensure that the aeronautical radionavigation service is protected from\n                                          harmful interference, coordination is required for feeder-link earth stations of the\n                                          non-geostationary satellite systems in the mobile-satellite service which are separated\n                                          by less than 450\u00a0km from the territory of an administration operating ground stations\n                                          in the aeronautical radionavigation service. (WRC-15)\n\n5.444B The use of the frequency band 5\u00a0091-5\u00a0150\u00a0MHz by the aeronautical mobile service\n                                          is limited to:\n\n\u2013 systems operating in the aeronautical mobile (R) service and in accordance with international\n                                                aeronautical standards, limited to surface applications at airports. Such use shall\n                                                be in accordance with Resolution 748\u00a0(Rev.WRC-19);\n\n\u2013 aeronautical telemetry transmissions from aircraft stations (see No. 1.83) in accordance with Resolution 418\u00a0(Rev.WRC-19). (WRC-19)\n\n5.445 Not used.\n\n5.446\nAdditional allocation: in the countries listed in No. 5.369, the frequency band 5\u00a0150-5\u00a0216\u00a0MHz is also allocated to the radiodetermination-satellite\n                                          service (space-to-Earth) on a primary basis, subject to agreement obtained under No.\n                                          9.21. In Region 2\u00a0(except in Mexico), the frequency band is also allocated to the radiodetermination-satellite\n                                          service (space-to-Earth) on a primary basis. In Regions 1\u00a0and 3, except those countries\n                                          listed in No. 5.369 and Bangladesh, the frequency band is also allocated to the radiodetermination-satellite\n                                          service (space-to-Earth) on a secondary basis. The use by the radiodetermination-satellite\n                                          service is limited to feeder links in conjunction with the radiodetermination- satellite\n                                          service operating in the frequency bands 1\u00a0610-1\u00a0626.5\u00a0MHz and/or 2\u00a0483.5-2\u00a0500\u00a0MHz.\n                                          The total power flux- density at the Earth\u2019s surface shall in no case exceed \u2212159\u00a0dB(W/m2) in any 4\u00a0kHz band for all angles of arrival. (WRC-15)\n\n5.446A The use of the frequency bands 5\u00a0150-5\u00a0350\u00a0MHz and 5\u00a0470-5\u00a0725\u00a0MHz by the stations\n                                          in the mobile, except aeronautical mobile, service shall be in accordance with Resolution\n                                          229\u00a0(Rev.WRC-19). (WRC-19)\n\n5.446B In the band 5\u00a0150-5\u00a0250\u00a0MHz, stations in the mobile service shall not claim protection\n                                          from earth stations in the fixed-satellite service. No. 5.43A does not apply to the mobile service with respect to fixed-satellite service earth\n                                          stations. (WRC-03)\n\n5.446C \nAdditional allocation: in Region 1\u00a0(except in Algeria, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Egypt, United Arab Emirates,\n                                          Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Syrian Arab Republic, Sudan,\n                                          South Sudan and Tunisia), the frequency band 5\u00a0150-5\u00a0250\u00a0MHz is also allocated to\n                                          the aeronautical mobile service on a primary basis, limited to aeronautical telemetry\n                                          transmissions from aircraft stations (see No. 1.83), in accordance with Resolution 418\u00a0(Rev.WRC-19). These stations shall not claim protection from other stations operating in accordance\n                                          with Article 5. No. 5.43A does not apply. (WRC-19)\n\n5.446D \nAdditional allocation: in Brazil, the band 5\u00a0150-5\u00a0250\u00a0MHz is also allocated to the aeronautical mobile\n                                          service on a primary basis, limited to aeronautical telemetry transmissions from aircraft\n                                          stations (see No. 1.83), in accordance with Resolution 418\u00a0(Rev.WRC-19). (WRC-19)\n\n5.447\nAdditional allocation: in C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, Egypt, Lebanon, the Syrian Arab Republic and Tunisia, the frequency\n                                          band 5\u00a0150-5\u00a0250\u00a0MHz is also allocated to the mobile service, on a primary basis,\n                                          subject to agreement obtained under No. 9.21. In this case, the provisions of Resolution 229\u00a0(Rev.WRC-19) do not apply. (WRC-19)\n\n5.447A The allocation to the fixed-satellite service (Earth-to-space) in the band 5\u00a0150-5\u00a0250\u00a0MHz\n                                          is limited to feeder links of non-geostationary-satellite systems in the mobile-satellite\n                                          service and is subject to coordination under No. 9.11A.\n\n5.447B \nAdditional allocation: the band 5\u00a0150-5\u00a0216\u00a0MHz is also allocated to the fixed-satellite service (space-to-\n                                          Earth) on a primary basis. This allocation is limited to feeder links of non-geostationary-satellite\n                                          systems in the mobile- satellite service and is subject to provisions of No. 9.11A. The power flux-density at the Earth\u2019s surface produced by space stations of the\n                                          fixed-satellite service operating in the space-to-Earth direction in the band 5\u00a0150-5\u00a0216\u00a0MHz\n                                          shall in no case exceed -164\u00a0dB(W/m2) in any 4\u00a0kHz band for all angles of arrival.\n\n5.447C Administrations responsible for fixed-satellite service networks in the band 5\u00a0150-5\u00a0250\u00a0MHz\n                                          operated under Nos. 5.447A and 5.447B shall coordinate on an equal basis in accordance with No. 9.11A with administrations responsible for non-geostationary-satellite networks operated\n                                          under No. 5.446 and brought into use prior to 17\u00a0November 1995. Satellite networks operated under\n                                          No. 5.446 brought into use after 17\u00a0November 1995\u00a0shall not claim protection from, and shall\n                                          not cause harmful interference to, stations of the fixed-satellite service operated\n                                          under Nos. 5.447A and 5.447B.\n\n5.447D The allocation of the band 5\u00a0250-5\u00a0255\u00a0MHz to the space research service on a primary\n                                          basis is limited to active spaceborne sensors. Other uses of the band by the space\n                                          research service are on a secondary basis. (WRC-97)\n\n5.447E\nAdditional allocation: The frequency band 5\u00a0250-5\u00a0350\u00a0MHz is also allocated to the fixed service on a primary\n                                          basis in the following countries in Region 3: Australia, Korea (Rep. of), India, Indonesia,\n                                          Iran (Islamic Republic of), Japan, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, Dem.\n                                          People\u2019s Rep. of Korea, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Viet Nam. The use of this frequency\n                                          band by the fixed service is intended for the implementation of fixed wireless access\n                                          systems and shall comply with Recommendation ITU-R F.1613-0. In addition, the fixed\n                                          service shall not claim protection from the radiodetermination, Earth exploration-satellite\n                                          (active) and space research (active) services, but the provisions of No. 5.43A do not apply to the fixed service with respect to the Earth exploration-satellite\n                                          (active) and space research (active) services. After implementation of fixed wireless\n                                          access systems in the fixed service with protection for the existing radiodetermination\n                                          systems, no more stringent constraints should be imposed on the fixed wireless access\n                                          systems by future radiodetermination implementations. (WRC-15)\n\n5.447F In the frequency band 5\u00a0250-5\u00a0350\u00a0MHz, stations in the mobile service shall not claim\n                                          protection from the radiolocation service, the Earth exploration-satellite service\n                                          (active) and the space research service (active). The radiolocation service, the Earth\n                                          exploration-satellite service (active) and the space research service (active) shall\n                                          not impose more stringent conditions upon the mobile service than those stipulated\n                                          in Resolution 229\u00a0(Rev.WRC-19). (WRC-19)\n\n5.448\nAdditional allocation: in Kyrgyzstan, Romania and Turkmenistan, the frequency band 5\u00a0250-5\u00a0350\u00a0MHz is also\n                                          allocated to the radionavigation service on a primary basis. (WRC-19)\n\n5.448A The Earth exploration-satellite (active) and space research (active) services in\n                                          the frequency band 5\u00a0250-5\u00a0350\u00a0MHz shall not claim protection from the radiolocation\n                                          service. No. 5.43A does not apply. (WRC-03)\n\n5.448B The Earth exploration-satellite service (active) operating in the band 5\u00a0350-5\u00a0570\u00a0MHz\n                                          and space research service (active) operating in the band 5\u00a0460-5\u00a0570\u00a0MHz shall not\n                                          cause harmful interference to the aeronautical radionavigation service in the band\n                                          5\u00a0350-5\u00a0460\u00a0MHz, the radionavigation service in the band 5\u00a0460-5\u00a0470\u00a0MHz and the maritime\n                                          radionavigation service in the band 5\u00a0470-5\u00a0570\u00a0MHz. (WRC-03)\n\n5.448C The space research service (active) operating in the band 5\u00a0350-5\u00a0460\u00a0MHz shall not\n                                          cause harmful interference to nor claim protection from other services to which this\n                                          band is allocated. (WRC-03)\n\n5.448D In the frequency band 5\u00a0350-5\u00a0470\u00a0MHz, stations in the radiolocation service shall\n                                          not cause harmful interference to, nor claim protection from, radar systems in the\n                                          aeronautical radionavigation service operating in accordance with No. 5.449. (WRC-03)\n\n5.449 The use of the band 5\u00a0350-5\u00a0470\u00a0MHz by the aeronautical radionavigation service is\n                                          limited to airborne radars and associated airborne beacons.\n\n5.450\nAdditional allocation: in Austria, Azerbaijan, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Kyrgyzstan, Romania, Turkmenistan\n                                          and Ukraine, the band 5\u00a0470-5\u00a0650\u00a0MHz is also allocated to the aeronautical radionavigation\n                                          service on a primary basis. (WRC-12)\n\n5.450A In the frequency band 5\u00a0470-5\u00a0725\u00a0MHz, stations in the mobile service shall not claim\n                                          protection from radiodetermination services. The radiodetermination services shall\n                                          not impose more stringent conditions upon the mobile service than those stipulated\n                                          in Resolution 229\u00a0(Rev.WRC-19). (WRC-19)\n\n5.450B In the frequency band 5\u00a0470-5\u00a0650\u00a0MHz, stations in the radiolocation service, except\n                                          ground-based radars used for meteorological purposes in the band 5\u00a0600-5\u00a0650\u00a0MHz,\n                                          shall not cause harmful interference to, nor claim protection from, radar systems\n                                          in the maritime radionavigation service. (WRC-03)\n\n5.451\n Additional allocation: in the United Kingdom, the band 5\u00a0470-5\u00a0850\u00a0MHz is also allocated to the land mobile\n                                          service on a secondary basis. The power limits specified in Nos. 21.2, 21.3, 21.4 and 21.5 shall apply in the band 5\u00a0725-5\u00a0850\u00a0MHz.\n\n5.452 Between 5\u00a0600\u00a0MHz and 5\u00a0650\u00a0MHz, ground-based radars used for meteorological purposes\n                                          are authorized to operate on a basis of equality with stations of the maritime radionavigation\n                                          service.\n\n5.453\nAdditional allocation: in Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Brunei Darussalam, Cameroon, China, Congo (Rep.\n                                          of the), Korea (Rep. of), C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, Djibouti, Egypt, the United Arab Emirates,\n                                          Eswatini, Gabon, Guinea, Equatorial Guinea, India, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic\n                                          of), Iraq, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Madagascar, Malaysia, Niger,\n                                          Nigeria, Oman, Uganda, Pakistan, the Philippines, Qatar, the Syrian Arab Republic,\n                                          the Dem. People\u2019s Rep. of Korea, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Chad, Thailand, Togo,\n                                          Viet Nam and Yemen, the frequency band 5\u00a0650-5\u00a0850\u00a0MHz is also allocated to the fixed\n                                          and mobile services on a primary basis. In this case, the provisions of Resolution\n                                          229 (Rev.WRC-19) do not apply. In addition, in Afghanistan, Angola, Benin, Bhutan, Botswana, Burkina\n                                          Faso, Burundi, Dem. Rep. of the Congo, Fiji, Ghana, Kiribati, Lesotho, Malawi, Maldives,\n                                          Mauritius, Micronesia, Mongolia, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nauru, New Zealand,\n                                          Papua New Guinea, Rwanda, Solomon Islands, South Sudan, South Africa, Tonga, Vanuatu,\n                                          Zambia and Zimbabwe, the frequency band 5\u00a0725-5\u00a0850\u00a0MHz is allocated to the fixed\n                                          service on a primary basis, and stations operating in the fixed service shall not\n                                          cause harmful interference to and shall not claim protection from other primary services\n                                          in the frequency band. (WRC-19)\n\n5.454\nDifferent category of service: in Azerbaijan, the Russian Federation, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan,\n                                          the allocation of the band 5\u00a0670-5\u00a0725\u00a0MHz to the space research service is on a primary\n                                          basis (see No. 5.33). (WRC-12)\n\n5.455\nAdditional allocation: in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Cuba, the Russian Federation, Georgia, Hungary,\n                                          Kazakhstan, Moldova, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Romania, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and\n                                          Ukraine, the frequency band 5\u00a0670-5\u00a0850\u00a0MHz is also allocated to the fixed service\n                                          on a primary basis. (WRC-19)\n\n5.456 (SUP \u2013 WRC-15)\n\n5.457 In Australia, Burkina Faso, Cote d\u2019Ivoire, Mali and Nigeria, the allocation to the\n                                          fixed service in the bands 6\u00a0440-6\u00a0520\u00a0MHz (HAPS-to-ground direction) and 6\u00a0560-6\u00a0640\u00a0MHz\n                                          (ground-to-HAPS direction) may also be used by gateway links for high-altitude platform\n                                          stations (HAPS) within the territory of these countries. Such use is limited to operation\n                                          in HAPS gateway links and shall not cause harmful interference to, and shall not claim\n                                          protection from, existing services, and shall be in compliance with Resolution 150\u00a0(WRC-12). Existing services shall not be constrained in future development by HAPS gateway\n                                          links. The use of HAPS gateway links in these bands requires explicit agreement with\n                                          other administrations whose territories are located within 1\u00a0000\u00a0kilometres from the\n                                          border of an administration intending to use the HAPS gateway links. (WRC-12)\n\n5.457A In the frequency bands 5\u00a0925-6\u00a0425\u00a0MHz and 14-14.5\u00a0GHz, earth stations located on\n                                          board vessels may communicate with space stations of the fixed-satellite service.\n                                          Such use shall be in accordance with Resolution 902\u00a0(WRC-03). In the frequency band 5\u00a0925-6\u00a0425\u00a0MHz, earth stations located on board vessels and\n                                          communicating with space stations of the fixed-satellite service may employ transmit\n                                          antennas with minimum diameter of 1.2\u00a0m and operate without prior agreement of any\n                                          administration if located at least 330\u00a0km away from the low-water mark as officially\n                                          recognized by the coastal State. All other provisions of Resolution 902\u00a0(WRC-03) shall apply. (WRC-15)\n\n5.457B In the frequency bands 5\u00a0925-6\u00a0425\u00a0MHz and 14-14.5\u00a0GHz, earth stations located on\n                                          board vessels may operate with the characteristics and under the conditions contained\n                                          in Resolution 902\u00a0(WRC-03) in Algeria, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Comoros, Djibouti, Egypt, United Arab Emirates,\n                                          Jordan, Kuwait, Libya, Morocco, Mauritania, Oman, Qatar, the Syrian Arab Republic,\n                                          Sudan, Tunisia and Yemen, in the maritime mobile-satellite service on a secondary\n                                          basis. Such use shall be in accordance with Resolution 902\u00a0(WRC-03). (WRC-15)\n\n5.457C In Region 2\u00a0(except Brazil, Cuba, French overseas departments and communities, Guatemala,\n                                          Mexico, Paraguay, Uruguay and Venezuela), the frequency band 5\u00a0925-6\u00a0700\u00a0MHz may be\n                                          used for aeronautical mobile telemetry for flight testing by aircraft stations (see\n                                          No. 1.83). Such use shall be in accordance with Resolution 416\u00a0(WRC-07) and shall not cause harmful interference to, or claim protection from, the fixed-satellite\n                                          and fixed services. Any such use does not preclude the use of this frequency band\n                                          by other mobile service applications or by other services to which this frequency\n                                          band is allocated on a co-primary basis and does not establish priority in the Radio\n                                          Regulations. (WRC-15)\n\n5.458 In the band 6\u00a0425-7\u00a0075\u00a0MHz, passive microwave sensor measurements are carried out\n                                          over the oceans. In the band 7\u00a0075-7\u00a0250\u00a0MHz, passive microwave sensor measurements\n                                          are carried out. Administrations should bear in mind the needs of the Earth exploration-satellite\n                                          (passive) and space research (passive) services in their future planning of the bands\n                                          6\u00a0425-7\u00a0075\u00a0MHz and 7\u00a0075-7\u00a0250\u00a0MHz.\n\n5.458A In making assignments in the band 6\u00a0700-7\u00a0075\u00a0MHz to space stations of the fixed-satellite\n                                          service, administrations are urged to take all practicable steps to protect spectral\n                                          line observations of the radio astronomy service in the band 6\u00a0650-6\u00a0675.2\u00a0MHz from\n                                          harmful interference from unwanted emissions.\n\n5.458B The space-to-Earth allocation to the fixed-satellite service in the band 6\u00a0700-7\u00a0075\u00a0MHz\n                                          is limited to feeder links for non-geostationary satellite systems of the mobile-satellite\n                                          service and is subject to coordination under No. 9.11A. The use of the band 6\u00a0700-7\u00a0075\u00a0MHz (space-to-Earth) by feeder links for non-geostationary\n                                          satellite systems in the mobile-satellite service is not subject to No. 22.2.\n\n5.458C (SUP \u2013 WRC-15)\n\n5.459\nAdditional allocation: in the Russian Federation, the frequency bands 7\u00a0100-7\u00a0155\u00a0MHz and 7\u00a0190-7\u00a0235\u00a0MHz\n                                          are also allocated to the space operation service (Earth-to-space) on a primary basis,\n                                          subject to agreement obtained under No. 9.21. In the frequency band 7\u00a0190-7\u00a0235\u00a0MHz, with respect to the Earth exploration- satellite\n                                          service (Earth-to-space), No. 9.21 does not apply. (WRC-15)\n\n5.460 No emissions from space research service (Earth-to-space) systems intended for deep\n                                          space shall be effected in the frequency band 7\u00a0190-7\u00a0235\u00a0MHz. Geostationary satellites\n                                          in the space research service operating in the frequency band 7\u00a0190-7\u00a0235\u00a0MHz shall\n                                          not claim protection from existing and future stations of the fixed and mobile services\n                                          and No. 5.43A does not apply. (WRC-15)\n\n5.460A The use of the frequency band 7\u00a0190-7\u00a0250\u00a0MHz (Earth-to-space) by the Earth exploration-satellite\n                                          service shall be limited to tracking, telemetry and command for the operation of spacecraft.\n                                          Space stations operating in the Earth exploration-satellite service (Earth-to-space)\n                                          in the frequency band 7\u00a0190-7\u00a0250\u00a0MHz shall not claim protection from existing and\n                                          future stations in the fixed and mobile services, and No. 5.43A does not apply. No. 9.17 applies. Additionally, to ensure protection of the existing and future deployment\n                                          of fixed and mobile services, the location of earth stations supporting spacecraft\n                                          in the Earth exploration-satellite service in non-geostationary orbits or geostationary\n                                          orbit shall maintain a separation distance of at least 10\u00a0km and 50\u00a0km, respectively,\n                                          from the respective border(s) of neighbouring countries, unless a shorter distance\n                                          is otherwise agreed between the corresponding administrations. (WRC-15)\n\n5.460B Space stations on the geostationary orbit operating in the Earth exploration-satellite\n                                          service (Earth-to-space) in the frequency band 7\u00a0190-7\u00a0235\u00a0MHz shall not claim protection\n                                          from existing and future stations of the space research service, and No. 5.43A does not apply. (WRC-15)\n\n5.461\nAdditional allocation: the bands 7\u00a0250-7\u00a0375\u00a0MHz (space-to-Earth) and 7\u00a0900-8\u00a0025\u00a0MHz (Earth-to- space)\n                                          are also allocated to the mobile-satellite service on a primary basis, subject to\n                                          agreement obtained under No. 9.21.\n\n5.461A The use of the band 7\u00a0450-7\u00a0550\u00a0MHz by the meteorological-satellite service (space-to-Earth)\n                                          is limited to geostationary-satellite systems. Non-geostationary meteorological-satellite\n                                          systems in this band notified before 30\u00a0November 1997\u00a0may continue to operate on a\n                                          primary basis until the end of their lifetime. (WRC-97)\n\n5.461AA The use of the frequency band 7\u00a0375-7\u00a0750\u00a0MHz by the maritime mobile-satellite service\n                                          is limited to geostationary-satellite networks. (WRC-15)\n\n5.461AB In the frequency band 7\u00a0375-7\u00a0750\u00a0MHz, earth stations in the maritime mobile-satellite\n                                          service shall not claim protection from, nor constrain the use and development of,\n                                          stations in the fixed and mobile, except aeronautical mobile, services. No. 5.43A does not apply. (WRC-15)\n\n5.461B The use of the band 7\u00a0750-7\u00a0900\u00a0MHz by the meteorological-satellite service (space-to-Earth)\n                                          is limited to non-geostationary satellite systems. (WRC-12)\n\n5.462 (SUP \u2013 WRC-97)\n\n5.462A In Regions 1\u00a0and 3\u00a0(except for Japan), in the band 8\u00a0025-8\u00a0400\u00a0MHz, the Earth exploration-satellite\n                                          service using geostationary satellites shall not produce a power flux-density in excess\n                                          of the following values for angles of arrival (\u00a0), without the consent of the affected\n                                          administration:\n\n\u2013135\u00a0dB(W/m2) in a 1\u00a0MHz band\n\nfor 0\u00a0\u2264 \u03b8 < 5\u00b0\n\n\u2013135\u00a0+ 0.5\u00a0(\u03b8 \u2212 5) dB(W/m2) in a 1\u00a0MHz band\n\nfor 5\u00a0\u2264 \u03b8 < 25\u00b0\n\n\u2013125\u00a0dB(W/m2) in a 1\u00a0MHz band\n\nfor 25\u00a0\u2264 \u03b8 \u2264 90\u00b0 (WRC-12)\n\n5.463 Aircraft stations are not permitted to transmit in the band 8\u00a0025-8\u00a0400\u00a0MHz. (WRC-97)\n\n5.464 (SUP \u2013 WRC-97)\n\n5.465 In the space research service, the use of the band 8\u00a0400-8\u00a0450\u00a0MHz is limited to\n                                          deep space.\n\n5.466\nDifferent category of service: in Singapore and Sri Lanka, the allocation of the band 8\u00a0400-8\u00a0500\u00a0MHz to the space\n                                          research service is on a secondary basis (see No. 5.32). (WRC-12)\n\n5.467 (SUP \u2013 WRC-03)\n\n5.468\nAdditional allocation: in Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Brunei Darussalam, Burundi, Cameroon, China,\n                                          Congo (Rep. of the), Djibouti, Egypt, the United Arab Emirates, Eswatini, Gabon, Guyana,\n                                          Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Jamaica, Jordan, Kenya, Kuwait, Lebanon,\n                                          Libya, Malaysia, Mali, Morocco, Mauritania, Nepal, Nigeria, Oman, Uganda, Pakistan,\n                                          Qatar, Syrian Arab Republic, the Dem. People\u2019s Rep. of Korea, Senegal, Singapore,\n                                          Somalia, Sudan, Chad, Togo, Tunisia and Yemen, the frequency band 8\u00a0500-8\u00a0750\u00a0MHz\n                                          is also allocated to the fixed and mobile services on a primary basis. (WRC-19)\n\n5.469\nAdditional allocation: in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, the Russian Federation, Georgia, Hungary, Lithuania,\n                                          Mongolia, Uzbekistan, Poland, Kyrgyzstan, the Czech Rep., Romania, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan\n                                          and Ukraine, the band 8\u00a0500-8\u00a0750\u00a0MHz is also allocated to the land mobile and radionavigation\n                                          services on a primary basis. (WRC-12)\n\n5.469A In the band 8\u00a0550-8\u00a0650\u00a0MHz, stations in the Earth exploration-satellite service\n                                          (active) and space research service (active) shall not cause harmful interference\n                                          to, or constrain the use and development of, stations of the radiolocation service.\n                                          (WRC-97)\n\n5.470 The use of the band 8\u00a0750-8\u00a0850\u00a0MHz by the aeronautical radionavigation service is\n                                          limited to airborne Doppler navigation aids on a centre frequency of 8\u00a0800\u00a0MHz.\n\n5.471\nAdditional allocation: in Algeria, Germany, Bahrain, Belgium, China, Egypt, the United Arab Emirates, France,\n                                          Greece, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Libya, the Netherlands, Qatar and Sudan,\n                                          the frequency bands 8\u00a0825-8\u00a0850\u00a0MHz and 9\u00a0000-9\u00a0200\u00a0MHz are also allocated to the\n                                          maritime radionavigation service, on a primary basis, for use by shore-based radars\n                                          only. (WRC-15)\n\n5.472 In the bands 8\u00a0850-9\u00a0000\u00a0MHz and 9\u00a0200-9\u00a0225\u00a0MHz, the maritime radionavigation service\n                                          is limited to shore-based radars.\n\n5.473\nAdditional allocation: in Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Cuba, the Russian Federation, Georgia,\n                                          Hungary, Uzbekistan, Poland, Kyrgyzstan, Romania, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Ukraine,\n                                          the frequency bands 8\u00a0850-9\u00a0000\u00a0MHz and 9\u00a0200-9\u00a0300\u00a0MHz are also allocated to the\n                                          radionavigation service on a primary basis. (WRC-19)\n\n5.473A In the band 9\u00a0000-9\u00a0200\u00a0MHz, stations operating in the radiolocation service shall\n                                          not cause harmful interference to, nor claim protection from, systems identified in\n                                          No. 5.337 operating in the aeronautical radionavigation service, or radar systems in the maritime\n                                          radionavigation service operating in this band on a primary basis in the countries\n                                          listed in No. 5.471. (WRC-07)\n\n5.474 In the band 9\u00a0200-9\u00a0500\u00a0MHz, search and rescue transponders (SART) may be used, having\n                                          due regard to the appropriate ITU-R Recommendation (see also Article 31).\n\n5.474A The use of the frequency bands 9\u00a0200-9\u00a0300\u00a0MHz and 9\u00a0900-10\u00a0400\u00a0MHz by the Earth\n                                          exploration-satellite service (active) is limited to systems requiring necessary bandwidth\n                                          greater than 600\u00a0MHz that cannot be fully accommodated within the frequency band 9\u00a0300-9\u00a0900\u00a0MHz.\n                                          Such use is subject to agreement to be obtained under No. 9.21 from Algeria, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Egypt, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic of),\n                                          Lebanon and Tunisia. An administration that has not replied under No. 9.52 is considered as not having agreed to the coordination request. In this case, the\n                                          notifying administration of the satellite system operating in the Earth exploration-satellite\n                                          service (active) may request the assistance of the Bureau under Sub-Section IID of\n                                          Article 9. (WRC-15)\n\n5.474B Stations operating in the Earth exploration-satellite (active) service shall comply\n                                          with Recommendation ITU-R RS.2066-0. (WRC-15)\n\n5.474C Stations operating in the Earth exploration-satellite (active) service shall comply\n                                          with Recommendation ITU-R RS.2065-0. (WRC-15)\n\n5.474D Stations in the Earth exploration-satellite service (active) shall not cause harmful\n                                          interference to, or claim protection from, stations of the maritime radionavigation\n                                          and radiolocation services in the frequency band 9\u00a0200-9\u00a0300\u00a0MHz, the radionavigation\n                                          and radiolocation services in the frequency band 9\u00a0900-10\u00a0000\u00a0MHz and the radiolocation\n                                          service in the frequency band 10.0-10.4\u00a0GHz. (WRC-15)\n\n5.475 The use of the band 9\u00a0300-9\u00a0500\u00a0MHz by the aeronautical radionavigation service is\n                                          limited to airborne weather radars and ground-based radars. In addition, ground-based\n                                          radar beacons in the aeronautical radionavigation service are permitted in the band\n                                          9\u00a0300-9\u00a0320\u00a0MHz on condition that harmful interference is not caused to the maritime\n                                          radionavigation service. (WRC-07)\n\n5.475A The use of the band 9\u00a0300-9\u00a0500\u00a0MHz by the Earth exploration-satellite service (active)\n                                          and the space research service (active) is limited to systems requiring necessary\n                                          bandwidth greater than 300\u00a0MHz that cannot be fully accommodated within the 9\u00a0500-9\u00a0800\u00a0MHz\n                                          band. (WRC-07)\n\n5.475B In the band 9\u00a0300-9\u00a0500\u00a0MHz, stations operating in the radiolocation service shall\n                                          not cause harmful interference to, nor claim protection from, radars operating in\n                                          the radionavigation service in conformity with the Radio Regulations. Ground-based\n                                          radars used for meteorological purposes have priority over other radiolocation uses.\n                                          (WRC-07)\n\n5.476 (SUP \u2013 WRC-07)\n\n5.476A In the band 9\u00a0300-9\u00a0800\u00a0MHz, stations in the Earth exploration-satellite service\n                                          (active) and space research service (active) shall not cause harmful interference\n                                          to, nor claim protection from, stations of the radionavigation and radiolocation services.\n                                          (WRC-07)\n\n5.477\nDifferent category of service: in Algeria, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Brunei Darussalam, Cameroon, Djibouti,\n                                          Egypt, the United Arab Emirates, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Guyana, India, Indonesia, Iran\n                                          (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Liberia, Malaysia,\n                                          Nigeria, Oman, Uganda, Pakistan, Qatar, Syrian Arab Republic, the Dem. People\u2019s Rep.\n                                          of Korea, Singapore, Somalia, Sudan, South Sudan, Trinidad and Tobago, and Yemen,\n                                          the allocation of the frequency band 9\u00a0800-10\u00a0000\u00a0MHz to the fixed service is on a\n                                          primary basis (see No. 5.33). (WRC-15)\n\n5.478\nAdditional allocation: in Azerbaijan, Kyrgyzstan, Romania, Turkmenistan and Ukraine, the frequency band\n                                          9\u00a0800-10\u00a0000\u00a0MHz is also allocated to the radionavigation service on a primary basis.\n                                          (WRC-19)\n\n5.478A The use of the band 9\u00a0800-9\u00a0900\u00a0MHz by the Earth exploration-satellite service (active)\n                                          and the space research service (active) is limited to systems requiring necessary\n                                          bandwidth greater than 500\u00a0MHz that cannot be fully accommodated within the 9\u00a0300-9\u00a0800\u00a0MHz\n                                          band. (WRC-07)\n\n5.478B In the band 9\u00a0800-9\u00a0900\u00a0MHz, stations in the Earth exploration-satellite service\n                                          (active) and space research service (active) shall not cause harmful interference\n                                          to, nor claim protection from stations of the fixed service to which this band is\n                                          allocated on a secondary basis. (WRC-07)\n\n5.479 The band 9\u00a0975-10\u00a0025\u00a0MHz is also allocated to the meteorological-satellite service\n                                          on a secondary basis for use by weather radars.\n\n5.480\nAdditional allocation: in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Cuba, El Salvador, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Paraguay,\n                                          the overseas countries and territories within the Kingdom of the Netherlands in Region\n                                          2, Peru and Uruguay, the frequency band 10-10.45\u00a0GHz is also allocated to the fixed\n                                          and mobile services on a primary basis. In Colombia, Costa Rica, Mexico and Venezuela,\n                                          the frequency band 10-10.45\u00a0GHz is also allocated to the fixed service on a primary\n                                          basis. (WRC-19)\n\n5.481\nAdditional allocation: in Algeria, Germany, Angola, Brazil, China, C\u00f4te d'Ivoire, Egypt, El Salvador, Ecuador,\n                                          Spain, Guatemala, Hungary, Japan, Kenya, Morocco, Nigeria, Oman, Uzbekistan, Pakistan,\n                                          Paraguay, Peru, the Dem. People\u2019s Rep. of Korea, Romania, Tunisia and Uruguay, the\n                                          frequency band 10.45-10.5\u00a0GHz is also allocated to the fixed and mobile services on\n                                          a primary basis. In Costa Rica, the frequency band 10.45-10.5\u00a0GHz is also allocated\n                                          to the fixed service on a primary basis. (WRC-19)\n\n5.482 In the band 10.6-10.68\u00a0GHz, the power delivered to the antenna of stations of the\n                                          fixed and mobile, except aeronautical mobile, services shall not exceed \u22123\u00a0dBW. This\n                                          limit may be exceeded, subject to agreement obtained under No. 9.21. However, in Algeria, Saudi Arabia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belarus,\n                                          Egypt, United Arab Emirates, Georgia, India, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic of),\n                                          Iraq, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Mauritania, Moldova, Nigeria,\n                                          Oman, Uzbekistan, Pakistan, Philippines, Qatar, Syrian Arab Republic, Kyrgyzstan,\n                                          Singapore, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkmenistan and Viet Nam, this restriction on the\n                                          fixed and mobile, except aeronautical mobile, services is not applicable. (WRC-07)\n\n5.482A For sharing of the band 10.6-10.68\u00a0GHz between the Earth exploration-satellite (passive)\n                                          service and the fixed and mobile, except aeronautical mobile, services, Resolution\n                                          751\u00a0(WRC-07) applies. (WRC-07)\n\n5.483\nAdditional allocation: in Saudi Arabia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Belarus, China, Colombia, Korea (Rep.\n                                          of), Egypt, the United Arab Emirates, Georgia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Israel,\n                                          Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Mongolia, Qatar, Kyrgyzstan, the Dem. People\u2019s\n                                          Rep. of Korea, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Yemen, the frequency band 10.68-10.7\u00a0GHz\n                                          is also allocated to the fixed and mobile, except aeronautical mobile, services on\n                                          a primary basis. Such use is limited to equipment in operation by 1\u00a0January 1985.\n                                          (WRC-19)\n\n5.484 In Region 1, the use of the band 10.7-11.7\u00a0GHz by the fixed-satellite service (Earth-to-space)\n                                          is limited to feeder links for the broadcasting-satellite service.\n\n5.484A The use of the bands 10.95-11.2\u00a0GHz (space-to-Earth), 11.45-11.7\u00a0GHz (space-to-Earth),\n                                          11.7-12.2\u00a0GHz (space-to-Earth) in Region 2, 12.2-12.75\u00a0GHz (space-to-Earth) in Region\n                                          3, 12.5-12.75\u00a0GHz (space-to-Earth) in Region 1, 13.75-14.5\u00a0GHz (Earth-to-space), 17.8-18.6\u00a0GHz\n                                          (space-to-Earth), 19.7-20.2\u00a0GHz (space-to-Earth), 27.5-28.6\u00a0GHz (Earth-to-space),\n                                          29.5-30\u00a0GHz (Earth-to-space) by a non-geostationary-satellite system in the fixed-satellite\n                                          service is subject to application of the provisions of No. 9.12 for coordination with other non-geostationary-satellite systems in the fixed-satellite\n                                          service. Non-geostationary-satellite systems in the fixed-satellite service shall\n                                          not claim protection from geostationary-satellite networks in the fixed-satellite\n                                          service operating in accordance with the Radio Regulations, irrespective of the dates\n                                          of receipt by the Bureau of the complete coordination or notification information,\n                                          as appropriate, for the non-geostationary-satellite systems in the fixed-satellite\n                                          service and of the complete coordination or notification information, as appropriate,\n                                          for the geostationary-satellite networks, and No. 5.43A does not apply. Non-geostationary-satellite systems in the fixed-satellite service\n                                          in the above bands shall be operated in such a way that any unacceptable interference\n                                          that may occur during their operation shall be rapidly eliminated. (WRC-2000)\n\n5.484B Resolution 155\u00a0(WRC-15)32 shall apply. (WRC-15)\n\n5.485 In Region 2, in the band 11.7-12.2\u00a0GHz, transponders on space stations in the fixed-satellite\n                                          service may be used additionally for transmissions in the broadcasting-satellite service,\n                                          provided that such transmissions do not have a maximum e.i.r.p. greater than 53\u00a0dBW\n                                          per television channel and do not cause greater interference or require more protection\n                                          from interference than the coordinated fixed-satellite service frequency assignments.\n                                          With respect to the space services, this band shall be used principally for the fixed-satellite\n                                          service.\n\n5.486\nDifferent category of service: in the United States, the allocation of the frequency band 11.7-12.1\u00a0GHz to the fixed\n                                          service is on a secondary basis (see No. 5.32). (WRC-15)\n\n5.487 In the band 11.7-12.5\u00a0GHz in Regions 1\u00a0and 3, the fixed, fixed-satellite, mobile,\n                                          except aeronautical mobile, and broadcasting services, in accordance with their respective\n                                          allocations, shall not cause harmful interference to, or claim protection from, broadcasting-satellite\n                                          stations operating in accordance with the Regions 1\u00a0and 3\u00a0Plan in Appendix 30. (WRC-03)\n\n5.487A\nAdditional allocation: in Region 1, the band 11.7-12.5\u00a0GHz, in Region 2, the band 12.2-12.7\u00a0GHz and, in\n                                          Region 3, the band 11.7-12.2\u00a0GHz, are also allocated to the fixed-satellite service\n                                          (space-to-Earth) on a primary basis, limited to non-geostationary systems and subject\n                                          to application of the provisions of No. 9.12 for coordination with other non-geostationary-satellite systems in the fixed-satellite\n                                          service. Non-geostationary-satellite systems in the fixed-satellite service shall\n                                          not claim protection from geostationary-satellite networks in the broadcasting-satellite\n                                          service operating in accordance with the Radio Regulations, irrespective of the dates\n                                          of receipt by the Bureau of the complete coordination or notification information,\n                                          as appropriate, for the non-geostationary-satellite systems in the fixed-satellite\n                                          service and of the complete coordination or notification information, as appropriate,\n                                          for the geostationary-satellite networks, and No. 5.43A does not apply. Non-geostationary-satellite systems in the fixed-satellite service\n                                          in the above bands shall be operated in such a way that any unacceptable interference\n                                          that may occur during their operation shall be rapidly eliminated. (WRC-03)\n\n5.488 The use of the band 11.7-12.2\u00a0GHz by geostationary-satellite networks in the fixed-satellite\n                                          service in Region 2\u00a0is subject to application of the provisions of No. 9.14 for coordination with stations of terrestrial services in Regions 1, 2\u00a0and 3. For\n                                          the use of the band 12.2-12.7\u00a0GHz by the broadcasting-satellite service in Region\n                                          2, see Appendix 30. (WRC-03)\n\n5.489\nAdditional allocation: in Peru, the band 12.1-12.2\u00a0GHz is also allocated to the fixed service on a primary\n                                          basis.\n\n5.490 In Region 2, in the band 12.2-12.7\u00a0GHz, existing and future terrestrial radiocommunication\n                                          services shall not cause harmful interference to the space services operating in conformity\n                                          with the broadcasting-satellite Plan for Region 2\u00a0contained in Appendix 30.\n\n5.491 (SUP \u2013 WRC-03)\n\n5.492 Assignments to stations of the broadcasting-satellite service which are in conformity\n                                          with the appropriate regional Plan or included in the Regions 1\u00a0and 3\u00a0List in Appendix\n                                          30 may also be used for transmissions in the fixed- satellite service (space-to-Earth),\n                                          provided that such transmissions do not cause more interference, or require more protection\n                                          from interference, than the broadcasting-satellite service transmissions operating\n                                          in conformity with the Plan or the List, as appropriate. (WRC-2000)\n\n5.493 The broadcasting-satellite service in the band 12.5-12.75\u00a0GHz in Region 3\u00a0is limited\n                                          to a power flux-density not exceeding -111\u00a0dB(W/(m2 \u2022 27\u00a0MHz)) for all conditions and for all methods of modulation at the edge of the\n                                          service area. (WRC-97)\n\n5.494\nAdditional allocation: in Algeria, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Cameroon, the Central African Rep., Congo (Rep.\n                                          of the), C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, Djibouti, Egypt, the United Arab Emirates, Eritrea, Ethiopia,\n                                          Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Madagascar, Mali,\n                                          Morocco, Mongolia, Nigeria, Oman, Qatar, the Syrian Arab Republic, the Dem. Rep. of\n                                          the Congo, Somalia, Sudan, South Sudan, Chad, Togo and Yemen, the frequency band 12.5-12.75\u00a0GHz\n                                          is also allocated to the fixed and mobile, except aeronautical mobile, services on\n                                          a primary basis. (WRC-15)\n\n5.495\nAdditional allocation: in Greece, Monaco, Montenegro, Uganda and Tunisia, the frequency band 12.5-12.75\u00a0GHz\n                                          is also allocated to the fixed and mobile, except aeronautical mobile, services on\n                                          a secondary basis. (WRC-19)\n\n5.496\nAdditional allocation: in Austria, Azerbaijan, Kyrgyzstan and Turkmenistan, the band 12.5-12.75\u00a0GHz is also\n                                          allocated to the fixed service and the mobile, except aeronautical mobile, service\n                                          on a primary basis. However, stations in these services shall not cause harmful interference\n                                          to fixed-satellite service earth stations of countries in Region 1\u00a0other than those\n                                          listed in this footnote. Coordination of these earth stations is not required with\n                                          stations of the fixed and mobile services of the countries listed in this footnote.\n                                          The power flux-density limit at the Earth\u2019s surface given in Table 21-4 of Article 21, for the fixed-satellite service shall apply on the territory of the countries listed\n                                          in this footnote. (WRC-2000)\n\n5.497 The use of the band 13.25-13.4\u00a0GHz by the aeronautical radionavigation service is\n                                          limited to Doppler navigation aids.\n\n5.498 (SUP \u2013 WRC-97)\n\n5.498A The Earth exploration-satellite (active) and space research (active) services operating\n                                          in the band 13.25-13.4\u00a0GHz shall not cause harmful interference to, or constrain the\n                                          use and development of, the aeronautical radionavigation service. (WRC-97)\n\n5.499\nAdditional allocation: in Bangladesh and India, the band 13.25-14\u00a0GHz is also allocated to the fixed service\n                                          on a primary basis. In Pakistan, the band 13.25-13.75\u00a0GHz is allocated to the fixed\n                                          service on a primary basis. (WRC-12)\n\n5.499A The use of the frequency band 13.4-13.65\u00a0GHz by the fixed-satellite service (space-to-Earth)\n                                          is limited to geostationary-satellite systems and is subject to agreement obtained\n                                          under No. 9.21 with respect to satellite systems operating in the space research service (space-to-space)\n                                          to relay data from space stations in the geostationary-satellite orbit to associated\n                                          space stations in non-geostationary satellite orbits for which advance publication\n                                          information has been received by the Bureau by 27\u00a0November 2015. (WRC-15)\n\n5.499B Administrations shall not preclude the deployment and operation of transmitting earth\n                                          stations in the standard frequency and time signal-satellite service (Earth-to-space)\n                                          allocated on a secondary basis in the frequency band 13.4-13.65\u00a0GHz due to the primary\n                                          allocation to FSS (space-to-Earth). (WRC-15)\n\n5.499C The allocation of the frequency band 13.4-13.65\u00a0GHz to the space research service\n                                          on a primary basis is limited to:\n\n\u2013 satellite systems operating in the space research service (space-to-space) to relay\n                                                data from space stations in the geostationary-satellite orbit to associated space\n                                                stations in non-geostationary satellite orbits for which advance publication information\n                                                has been received by the Bureau by 27\u00a0November 2015,\n\n\u2013 active spaceborne sensors,\n\n\u2013 satellite systems operating in the space research service (space-to-Earth) to relay\n                                                data from space stations in the geostationary-satellite orbit to associated earth\n                                                stations.\n\nOther uses of the frequency band by the space research service are on a secondary\n                                          basis. (WRC-15)\n\n5.499D In the frequency band 13.4-13.65\u00a0GHz, satellite systems in the space research service\n                                          (space-to-Earth) and/or the space research service (space-to-space) shall not cause\n                                          harmful interference to, nor claim protection from, stations in the fixed, mobile,\n                                          radiolocation and Earth exploration-satellite (active) services. (WRC-15)\n\n5.499E In the frequency band 13.4-13.65\u00a0GHz, geostationary-satellite networks in the fixed-satellite\n                                          service (space-to-Earth) shall not claim protection from space stations in the Earth\n                                          exploration-satellite service (active) operating in accordance with these Regulations,\n                                          and No. 5.43A does not apply. The provisions of No. 22.2 do not apply to the Earth exploration-satellite service (active) with respect to\n                                          the fixed-satellite service (space-to-Earth) in this frequency band. (WRC-15)\n\n5.500\nAdditional allocation: in Algeria, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Brunei Darussalam, Cameroon, Egypt, the United\n                                          Arab Emirates, Gabon, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Israel, Jordan,\n                                          Kuwait, Lebanon, Madagascar, Malaysia, Mali, Morocco, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria,\n                                          Oman, Qatar, the Syrian Arab Republic, Singapore, Sudan, South Sudan, Chad and Tunisia,\n                                          the frequency band 13.4-14\u00a0GHz is also allocated to the fixed and mobile services\n                                          on a primary basis. In Pakistan, the frequency band 13.4-13.75\u00a0GHz is also allocated\n                                          to the fixed and mobile services on a primary basis. (WRC-15)\n\n5.501\nAdditional allocation: in Azerbaijan, Hungary, Japan, Kyrgyzstan, Romania and Turkmenistan, the band 13.4-14\u00a0GHz\n                                          is also allocated to the radionavigation service on a primary basis. (WRC-12)\n\n5.501A The allocation of the frequency band 13.65-13.75\u00a0GHz to the space research service\n                                          on a primary basis is limited to active spaceborne sensors. Other uses of the frequency\n                                          band by the space research service are on a secondary basis. (WRC-15)\n\n5.501B In the band 13.4-13.75\u00a0GHz, the Earth exploration-satellite (active) and space research\n                                          (active) services shall not cause harmful interference to, or constrain the use and\n                                          development of, the radiolocation service. (WRC-97)\n\n5.502 In the band 13.75-14\u00a0GHz, an earth station of a geostationary fixed-satellite service\n                                          network shall have a minimum antenna diameter of 1.2\u00a0m and an earth station of a non-geostationary\n                                          fixed-satellite service system shall have a minimum antenna diameter of 4.5\u00a0m. In\n                                          addition, the e.i.r.p., averaged over one second, radiated by a station in the radiolocation\n                                          or radionavigation services shall not exceed 59\u00a0dBW for elevation angles above 2\u00b0\n                                          and 65\u00a0dBW at lower angles. Before an administration brings into use an earth station\n                                          in a geostationary-satellite network in the fixed-satellite service in this band with\n                                          an antenna diameter smaller than 4.5\u00a0m, it shall ensure that the power flux-density\n                                          produced by this earth station does not exceed:\n\n\u2013 -115\u00a0dB(W/(m2 \u2022 10\u00a0MHz)) for more than 1% of the time produced at 36\u00a0m above sea level at the low\n                                                water mark, as officially recognized by the coastal State;\n\n\u2013 -115\u00a0dB(W/(m2 \u2022 10\u00a0MHz)) for more than 1% of the time produced 3\u00a0m above ground at the border of\n                                                the territory of an administration deploying or planning to deploy land mobile radars\n                                                in this band, unless prior agreement has been obtained.\n\nFor earth stations within the fixed-satellite service having an antenna diameter greater\n                                          than or equal to 4.5\u00a0m, the e.i.r.p. of any emission should be at least 68\u00a0dBW and\n                                          should not exceed 85\u00a0dBW. (WRC-03)\n\n5.503 In the band 13.75-14\u00a0GHz, geostationary space stations in the space research service\n                                          for which information for advance publication has been received by the Bureau prior\n                                          to 31\u00a0January 1992\u00a0shall operate on an equal basis with stations in the fixed-satellite\n                                          service; after that date, new geostationary space stations in the space research service\n                                          will operate on a secondary basis. Until those geostationary space stations in the\n                                          space research service for which information for advance publication has been received\n                                          by the Bureau prior to 31\u00a0January 1992\u00a0cease to operate in this band:\n\n\u2013 in the band 13.77-13.78\u00a0GHz, the e.i.r.p. density of emissions from any earth station\n                                                in the fixed-satellite service operating with a space station in geostationary-satellite\n                                                orbit shall not exceed:\n\ni) 4.7D + 28\u00a0dB(W/40\u00a0kHz), where D is the fixed-satellite service earth station antenna diameter (m) for antenna diameters\n                                                      equal to or greater than 1.2\u00a0m and less than 4.5\u00a0m;\n\nii) 49.2\u00a0+ 20\u00a0log(D/4.5) dB(W/40\u00a0kHz), where D is the fixed-satellite service earth station antenna diameter (m) for antenna diameters\n                                                      equal to or greater than 4.5\u00a0m and less than 31.9\u00a0m;\n\niii) 66.2\u00a0dB(W/40\u00a0kHz) for any fixed-satellite service earth station for antenna diameters\n                                                      (m) equal to or greater than 31.9\u00a0m;\n\niv) 56.2\u00a0dB(W/4\u00a0kHz) for narrow-band (less than 40\u00a0kHz of necessary bandwidth) fixed-satellite\n                                                      service earth station emissions from any fixed-satellite service earth station having\n                                                      an antenna diameter of 4.5\u00a0m or greater;\n\n\u2013 the e.i.r.p. density of emissions from any earth station in the fixed-satellite service\n                                                operating with a space station in non-geostationary-satellite orbit shall not exceed 51\u00a0dBW in the 6\u00a0MHz band from 13.772\u00a0to\n                                                13.778\u00a0GHz.\n\nAutomatic power control may be used to increase the e.i.r.p. density in these frequency\n                                          ranges to compensate for rain attenuation, to the extent that the power flux-density\n                                          at the fixed-satellite service space station does not exceed the value resulting from\n                                          use by an earth station of an e.i.r.p. meeting the above limits in clear-sky conditions.\n                                          (WRC-03)\n\n5.503A (SUP \u2013 WRC-03)\n\n5.504 The use of the band 14-14.3\u00a0GHz by the radionavigation service shall be such as to\n                                          provide sufficient protection to space stations of the fixed-satellite service.\n\n5.504A In the band 14-14.5\u00a0GHz, aircraft earth stations in the secondary aeronautical mobile-satellite\n                                          service may also communicate with space stations in the fixed-satellite service. The\n                                          provisions of Nos. 5.29, 5.30 and 5.31 apply. (WRC-03)\n\n5.504B Aircraft earth stations operating in the aeronautical mobile-satellite service in\n                                          the frequency band 14-14.5\u00a0GHz shall comply with the provisions of Annex 1, Part C\n                                          of Recommendation ITU-R M.1643-0, with respect to any radio astronomy station performing\n                                          observations in the 14.47-14.5\u00a0GHz frequency band located on the territory of Spain,\n                                          France, India, Italy, the United Kingdom and South Africa. (WRC-15)\n\n5.504C In the frequency band 14-14.25\u00a0GHz, the power flux-density produced on the territory\n                                          of the countries of Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Botswana, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, Egypt, Guinea,\n                                          India, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Kuwait, Nigeria, Oman, the Syrian Arab Republic\n                                          and Tunisia by any aircraft earth station in the aeronautical mobile-satellite service\n                                          shall not exceed the limits given in Annex 1, Part B of Recommendation ITU-R M.1643-0,\n                                          unless otherwise specifically agreed by the affected administration(s). The provisions\n                                          of this footnote in no way derogate the obligations of the aeronautical mobile-satellite\n                                          service to operate as a secondary service in accordance with No. 5.29. (WRC-15)\n\n5.505\nAdditional allocation: in Algeria, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Botswana, Brunei Darussalam, Cameroon, China,\n                                          Congo (Rep. of the), Korea (Rep. of), Djibouti, Egypt, the United Arab Emirates, Eswatini,\n                                          Gabon, Guinea, India, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Israel, Japan,\n                                          Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Malaysia, Mali, Morocco, Mauritania, Oman, the Philippines,\n                                          Qatar, the Syrian Arab Republic, the Dem. People\u2019s Rep. of Korea, Singapore, Somalia,\n                                          Sudan, South Sudan, Chad, Viet Nam and Yemen, the frequency band 14-14.3\u00a0GHz is also\n                                          allocated to the fixed service on a primary basis. (WRC-19)\n\n5.506 The band 14-14.5\u00a0GHz may be used, within the fixed-satellite service (Earth-to-space),\n                                          for feeder links for the broadcasting-satellite service, subject to coordination with\n                                          other networks in the fixed-satellite service. Such use of feeder links is reserved\n                                          for countries outside Europe.\n\n5.506A In the band 14-14.5\u00a0GHz, ship earth stations with an e.i.r.p. greater than 21\u00a0dBW\n                                          shall operate under the same conditions as earth stations located on board vessels,\n                                          as provided in Resolution 902\u00a0(WRC-03). This footnote shall not apply to ship earth stations for which the complete Appendix\n                                          4 information has been received by the Bureau prior to 5\u00a0July 2003. (WRC-03)\n\n5.506B Earth stations located on board vessels communicating with space stations in the\n                                          fixed-satellite service may operate in the frequency band 14-14.5\u00a0GHz without the\n                                          need for prior agreement from Cyprus and Malta, within the minimum distance given\n                                          in Resolution 902\u00a0(WRC-03) from these countries. (WRC-15)\n\n5.507 Not used.\n\n5.508\nAdditional allocation: in Germany, France, Italy, Libya, North Macedonia and the United Kingdom, the frequency\n                                          band 14.25-14.3\u00a0GHz is also allocated to the fixed service on a primary basis. (WRC-19)\n\n5.508A In the frequency band 14.25-14.3\u00a0GHz, the power flux-density produced on the territory\n                                          of the countries of Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Botswana, China, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, Egypt,\n                                          France, Guinea, India, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Italy, Kuwait, Nigeria, Oman, the\n                                          Syrian Arab Republic, the United Kingdom and Tunisia by any aircraft earth station\n                                          in the aeronautical mobile-satellite service shall not exceed the limits given in\n                                          Annex 1, Part B of Recommendation ITU-R M.1643-0, unless otherwise specifically agreed\n                                          by the affected administration(s). The provisions of this footnote in no way derogate\n                                          the obligations of the aeronautical mobile-satellite service to operate as a secondary\n                                          service in accordance with No. 5.29. (WRC-15)\n\n5.509 (SUP \u2013 WRC-07)\n\n5.509A In the frequency band 14.3-14.5\u00a0GHz, the power flux-density produced on the territory\n                                          of the countries of Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Botswana, Cameroon, China, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire,\n                                          Egypt, France, Gabon, Guinea, India, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Italy, Kuwait, Morocco,\n                                          Nigeria, Oman, the Syrian Arab Republic, the United Kingdom, Sri Lanka, Tunisia and\n                                          Viet Nam by any aircraft earth station in the aeronautical mobile-satellite service\n                                          shall not exceed the limits given in Annex 1, Part B of Recommendation ITU-R M.1643-0,\n                                          unless otherwise specifically agreed by the affected administration(s). The provisions\n                                          of this footnote in no way derogate the obligations of the aeronautical mobile-satellite\n                                          service to operate as a secondary service in accordance with No. 5.29. (WRC-15)\n\n5.509B The use of the frequency bands 14.5-14.75\u00a0GHz in countries listed in Resolution 163\u00a0(WRC-15) and 14.5-14.8\u00a0GHz in countries listed in Resolution 164\u00a0(WRC-15) by the fixed-satellite service (Earth-to-space) not for feeder links for the broadcasting-satellite\n                                          service is limited to geostationary-satellites. (WRC-15)\n\n5.509C For the use of the frequency bands 14.5-14.75\u00a0GHz in countries listed in Resolution\n                                          163\u00a0(WRC-15) and 14.5-14.8\u00a0GHz in countries listed in Resolution 164\u00a0(WRC-15) by the fixed-satellite service (Earth-to-space) not for feeder links for the broadcasting-satellite\n                                          service, the fixed-satellite service earth stations shall have a minimum antenna diameter\n                                          of 6\u00a0m and a maximum power spectral density of \u221244.5\u00a0dBW/Hz at the input of the antenna.\n                                          The earth stations shall be notified at known locations on land. (WRC-15)\n\n5.509D Before an administration brings into use an earth station in the fixed-satellite\n                                          service (Earth-to-space) not for feeder links for the broadcasting-satellite service\n                                          in the frequency bands 14.5-14.75\u00a0GHz (in countries listed in Resolution 163\u00a0(WRC-15)) and 14.5-14.8\u00a0GHz (in countries listed in Resolution 164\u00a0(WRC-15)), it shall ensure that the power flux-density produced by this earth station does\n                                          not exceed \u2212151.5\u00a0dB(W/(m2 \u2022 4\u00a0kHz)) produced at all altitudes from 0\u00a0m to 19\u00a0000\u00a0m above sea level at 22\u00a0km\n                                          seaward from all coasts, defined as the low-water mark, as officially recognized by\n                                          each coastal State. (WRC-15)\n\n5.509E In the frequency bands 14.50-14.75\u00a0GHz in countries listed in Resolution 163\u00a0(WRC-15) and 14.50-14.8\u00a0GHz in countries listed in Resolution 164\u00a0(WRC-15), the location of earth stations in the fixed-satellite service (Earth-to-space) not\n                                          for feeder links for the broadcasting-satellite service shall maintain a separation\n                                          distance of at least 500\u00a0km from the border(s) of other countries unless shorter distances\n                                          are explicitly agreed by those administrations. No. 9.17 does not apply. When applying this provision, administrations should consider the\n                                          relevant parts of these Regulations and the latest relevant ITU-R Recommendations.\n                                          (WRC-15)\n\n5.509F In the frequency bands 14.50-14.75\u00a0GHz in countries listed in Resolution 163\u00a0(WRC-15) and 14.50-14.8\u00a0GHz in countries listed in Resolution 164\u00a0(WRC-15), earth stations in the fixed-satellite service (Earth-to- space) not for feeder links\n                                          for the broadcasting-satellite service shall not constrain the future deployment of\n                                          the fixed and mobile services. (WRC-15)\n\n5.509G The frequency band 14.5-14.8\u00a0GHz is also allocated to the space research service\n                                          on a primary basis. However, such use is limited to the satellite systems operating\n                                          in the space research service (Earth-to-space) to relay data to space stations in\n                                          the geostationary-satellite orbit from associated earth stations. Stations in the\n                                          space research service shall not cause harmful interference to, or claim protection\n                                          from, stations in the fixed and mobile services and in the fixed-satellite service\n                                          limited to feeder links for the broadcasting-satellite service and associated space\n                                          operations functions using the guardbands under Appendix 30A and feeder links for the broadcasting-satellite service in Region 2. Other uses of\n                                          this frequency band by the space research service are on a secondary basis. (WRC-15)\n\n5.510 Except for use in accordance with Resolution 163\u00a0(WRC-15) and Resolution 164\u00a0(WRC-15), the use of the frequency band 14.5-14.8\u00a0GHz by the fixed-satellite service (Earth-to-space)\n                                          is limited to feeder links for the broadcasting-satellite service. This use is reserved\n                                          for countries outside Europe. Uses other than feeder links for the broadcasting-satellite\n                                          service are not authorized in Regions 1\u00a0and 2\u00a0in the frequency band 14.75-14.8\u00a0GHz.\n                                          (WRC-15)\n\n5.511\nAdditional allocation: in Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Cameroon, Egypt, the United Arab Emirates, Guinea, Iran\n                                          (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Israel, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, the Syrian\n                                          Arab Republic and Somalia, the band 15.35-15.4\u00a0GHz is also allocated to the fixed\n                                          and mobile services on a secondary basis. (WRC-12)\n\n5.511A Use of the frequency band 15.43-15.63\u00a0GHz by the fixed-satellite service (Earth-to-space)\n                                          is limited to feeder links of non-geostationary systems in the mobile-satellite service,\n                                          subject to coordination under No. 9.11A. (WRC-15)\n\n5.511B (SUP \u2013 WRC-97)\n\n5.511C Stations operating in the aeronautical radionavigation service shall limit the effective\n                                          e.i.r.p. in accordance with Recommendation ITU-R S.1340-0. The minimum coordination\n                                          distance required to protect the aeronautical radionavigation stations (No. 4.10 applies) from harmful interference from feeder-link earth stations and the maximum\n                                          e.i.r.p. transmitted towards the local horizontal plane by a feeder-link earth station\n                                          shall be in accordance with Recommendation ITU-R S.1340-0. (WRC-15)\n\n5.511D (SUP \u2013 WRC-15)\n\n5.511E In the frequency band 15.4-15.7\u00a0GHz, stations operating in the radiolocation service\n                                          shall not cause harmful interference to, or claim protection from, stations operating\n                                          in the aeronautical radionavigation service. (WRC-12)\n\n5.511F In order to protect the radio astronomy service in the frequency band 15.35-15.4\u00a0GHz,\n                                          radiolocation stations operating in the frequency band 15.4-15.7\u00a0GHz shall not exceed\n                                          the power flux-density level of \u2212156\u00a0dB(W/m2) in a 50\u00a0MHz bandwidth in the frequency band 15.35-15.4\u00a0GHz, at any radio astronomy\n                                          observatory site for more than 2\u00a0per cent of the time. (WRC-12)\n\n5.512\nAdditional allocation: in Algeria, Saudi Arabia, Austria, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Brunei Darussalam, Cameroon,\n                                          Congo (Rep. of the), Egypt, El Salvador, the United Arab Emirates, Eritrea, Finland,\n                                          Guatemala, India, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Jordan, Kenya, Kuwait, Lebanon,\n                                          Libya, Malaysia, Mali, Morocco, Mauritania, Montenegro, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger, Oman,\n                                          Pakistan, Qatar, Syrian Arab Republic, the Dem. Rep. of the Congo, Singapore, Somalia,\n                                          Sudan, South Sudan, Chad, Togo and Yemen, the frequency band 15.7-17.3\u00a0GHz is also\n                                          allocated to the fixed and mobile services on a primary basis. (WRC-15)\n\n5.513\nAdditional allocation: in Israel, the band 15.7-17.3\u00a0GHz is also allocated to the fixed and mobile services\n                                          on a primary basis. These services shall not claim protection from or cause harmful\n                                          interference to services operating in accordance with the Table in countries other\n                                          than those included in No. 5.512.\n\n5.513A Spaceborne active sensors operating in the band 17.2-17.3\u00a0GHz shall not cause harmful\n                                          interference to, or constrain the development of, the radiolocation and other services\n                                          allocated on a primary basis. (WRC-97)\n\n5.514\nAdditional allocation: in Algeria, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Cameroon, El Salvador, the United\n                                          Arab Emirates, Guatemala, India, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Israel, Italy,\n                                          Japan, Jordan, Kuwait, Libya, Lithuania, Nepal, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Oman, Uzbekistan,\n                                          Pakistan, Qatar, Kyrgyzstan, Sudan and South Sudan, the frequency band 17.3-17.7\u00a0GHz\n                                          is also allocated to the fixed and mobile services on a secondary basis. The power\n                                          limits given in Nos. 21.3 and 21.5 shall apply. (WRC-15)\n\n5.515 In the band 17.3-17.8\u00a0GHz, sharing between the fixed-satellite service (Earth-to-space)\n                                          and the broadcasting-satellite service shall also be in accordance with the provisions\n                                          of \u00a7 1\u00a0of Annex 4\u00a0of Appendix 30A.\n\n5.516 The use of the band 17.3-18.1\u00a0GHz by geostationary-satellite systems in the fixed-satellite\n                                          service (Earth-to-space) is limited to feeder links for the broadcasting-satellite\n                                          service. The use of the band 17.3-17.8\u00a0GHz in Region 2\u00a0by systems in the fixed-satellite\n                                          service (Earth-to-space) is limited to geostationary satellites. For the use of the\n                                          band 17.3-17.8\u00a0GHz in Region 2\u00a0by feeder links for the broadcasting-satellite service\n                                          in the band 12.2-12.7\u00a0GHz, see Article 11. The use of the bands 17.3-18.1\u00a0GHz (Earth-to-space) in Regions 1\u00a0and 3\u00a0and 17.8-18.1\u00a0GHz\n                                          (Earth-to-space) in Region 2\u00a0by non-geostationary-satellite systems in the fixed-satellite\n                                          service is subject to application of the provisions of No. 9.12 for coordination with other non-geostationary-satellite systems in the fixed-satellite\n                                          service. Non-geostationary-satellite systems in the fixed-satellite service shall\n                                          not claim protection from geostationary-satellite networks in the fixed-satellite\n                                          service operating in accordance with the Radio Regulations, irrespective of the dates\n                                          of receipt by the Bureau of the complete coordination or notification information,\n                                          as appropriate, for the non-geostationary-satellite systems in the fixed-satellite\n                                          service and of the complete coordination or notification information, as appropriate,\n                                          for the geostationary-satellite networks, and No. 5.43A does not apply. Non-geostationary-satellite systems in the fixed-satellite service\n                                          in the above bands shall be operated in such a way that any unacceptable interference\n                                          that may occur during their operation shall be rapidly eliminated. (WRC-2000)\n\n5.516A In the band 17.3-17.7\u00a0GHz, earth stations of the fixed-satellite service (space-to-Earth)\n                                          in Region 1\u00a0shall not claim protection from the broadcasting-satellite service feeder-link\n                                          earth stations operating under Appendix 30A, nor put any limitations or restrictions on the locations of the broadcasting-satellite\n                                          service feeder-link earth stations anywhere within the service area of the feeder\n                                          link. (WRC-03)\n\n5.516B\n\nThe following bands are identified for use by high-density applications in the fixed-satellite\n                                                         service:\n\n17.3-17.7\u00a0GHz\n\n(space-to-Earth) in Region 1,\n\n18.3-19.3\u00a0GHz\n\n(space-to-Earth) in Region 2,\n\n19.7-20.2\u00a0GHz\n\n(space-to-Earth) in all Regions,\n\n39.5-40\u00a0GHz\n\n(space-to-Earth) in Region 1,\n\n40-40.5\u00a0GHz\n\n(space-to-Earth) in all Regions,\n\n40.5-42\u00a0GHz\n\n(space-to-Earth) in Region 2,\n\n47.5-47.9\u00a0GHz\n\n(space-to-Earth) in Region 1,\n\n48.2-48.54\u00a0GHz\n\n(space-to-Earth) in Region 1,\n\n49.44-50.2\u00a0GHz\n\n(space-to-Earth) in Region 1,\n\nand\n\n27.5-27.82\u00a0GHz\n\n(Earth-to-space) in Region 1,\n\n28.35-28.45\u00a0GHz\n\n(Earth-to-space) in Region 2,\n\n28.45-28.94\u00a0GHz\n\n(Earth-to-space) in all Regions,\n\n28.94-29.1\u00a0GHz\n\n(Earth-to-space) in Region 2\u00a0and 3,\n\n29.25-29.46\u00a0GHz\n\n(Earth-to-space) in Region 2,\n\n29.46-30\u00a0GHz\n\n(Earth-to-space) in all Regions,\n\n48.2-50.2\u00a0GHz\n\n(Earth-to-space) in Region 2.\n\nThis identification does not preclude the use of these frequency bands by other fixed-satellite\n                                          service applications or by other services to which these frequency bands are allocated\n                                          on a co-primary basis and does not establish priority in these Radio Regulations among\n                                          users of the frequency bands. Administrations should take this into account when considering\n                                          regulatory provisions in relation to these frequency bands. See Resolution 143\u00a0(Rev.WRC-19). (WRC-19)\n\n5.517 In Region 2, use of the fixed-satellite (space-to-Earth) service in the band 17.7-17.8\u00a0GHz\n                                          shall not cause harmful interference to nor claim protection from assignments in the\n                                          broadcasting-satellite service operating in conformity with the Radio Regulations.\n                                          (WRC-07)\n\n5.517A The operation of earth stations in motion communicating with geostationary fixed-satellite\n                                          service space stations within the frequency bands 17.7-19.7\u00a0GHz (space-to-Earth) and\n                                          27.5-29.5\u00a0GHz (Earth-to-space) shall be subject to the application of Resolution 169\u00a0(WRC-19). (WRC-19)\n\n5.518 (SUP \u2013 WRC-07)\n\n5.519\nAdditional allocation: the bands 18-18.3\u00a0GHz in Region 2\u00a0and 18.1-18.4\u00a0GHz in Regions 1\u00a0and 3\u00a0are also allocated\n                                          to the meteorological-satellite service (space-to-Earth) on a primary basis. Their\n                                          use is limited to geostationary satellites. (WRC-07)\n\n5.520 The use of the band 18.1-18.4\u00a0GHz by the fixed-satellite service (Earth-to-space)\n                                          is limited to feeder links of geostationary-satellite systems in the broadcasting-satellite\n                                          service. (WRC-2000)\n\n5.521\nAlternative allocation: in the United Arab Emirates and Greece, the frequency band 18.1-18.4\u00a0GHz is allocated\n                                          to the fixed, fixed-satellite (space-to-Earth) and mobile services on a primary basis\n                                          (see No. 5.33). The provisions of No. 5.519 also apply. (WRC-15)\n\n5.522 (SUP \u2013 WRC-2000)\n\n5.522A The emissions of the fixed service and the fixed-satellite service in the band 18.6-18.8\u00a0GHz\n                                          are limited to the values given in Nos. 21.5A and 21.16.2, respectively. (WRC-2000)\n\n5.522B The use of the band 18.6-18.8\u00a0GHz by the fixed-satellite service is limited to geostationary\n                                          systems and systems with an orbit of apogee greater than 20\u00a0000\u00a0km. (WRC-2000)\n\n5.522C In the band 18.6-18.8\u00a0GHz, in Algeria, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Egypt, the United Arab\n                                          Emirates, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, the Syrian Arab Republic,\n                                          Tunisia and Yemen, fixed-service systems in operation at the date of entry into force\n                                          of the Final Acts of WRC-2000\u00a0are not subject to the limits of No. 21.5A. (WRC-2000)\n\n5.523 (SUP \u2013 WRC-2000)\n\n5.523A The use of the bands 18.8-19.3\u00a0GHz (space-to-Earth) and 28.6-29.1\u00a0GHz (Earth-to-space)\n                                          by geostationary and non-geostationary fixed-satellite service networks is subject\n                                          to the application of the provisions of No. 9.11A and No. 22.2 does not apply. Administrations having geostationary-satellite networks under coordination\n                                          prior to 18\u00a0November 1995\u00a0shall cooperate to the maximum extent possible to coordinate\n                                          pursuant to No. 9.11A with non-geostationary-satellite networks for which notification information has\n                                          been received by the Bureau prior to that date, with a view to reaching results acceptable\n                                          to all the parties concerned. Non-geostationary-satellite networks shall not cause\n                                          unacceptable interference to geostationary fixed-satellite service networks for which\n                                          complete Appendix 4 notification information is considered as having been received by the Bureau prior\n                                          to 18\u00a0November 1995. (WRC-97)\n\n5.523B The use of the band 19.3-19.6\u00a0GHz (Earth-to-space) by the fixed-satellite service\n                                          is limited to feeder links for non-geostationary-satellite systems in the mobile-satellite\n                                          service. Such use is subject to the application of the provisions of No. 9.11A, and No. 22.2 does not apply.\n\n5.523C No. 22.2 shall continue to apply in the bands 19.3-19.6\u00a0GHz and 29.1-29.4\u00a0GHz, between feeder\n                                          links of non-geostationary mobile-satellite service networks and those fixed-satellite\n                                          service networks for which complete Appendix 4 coordination information, or notification information, is considered as having been\n                                          received by the Bureau prior to 18\u00a0November 1995. (WRC-97)\n\n5.523D The use of the band 19.3-19.7\u00a0GHz (space-to-Earth) by geostationary fixed-satellite\n                                          service systems and by feeder links for non-geostationary-satellite systems in the\n                                          mobile-satellite service is subject to the application of the provisions of No. 9.11A, but not subject to the provisions of No. 22.2. The use of this band for other non-geostationary fixed-satellite service systems,\n                                          or for the cases indicated in Nos. 5.523C and 5.523E, is not subject to the provisions of No. 9.11A and shall continue to be subject to Articles 9 (except No. 9.11A) and 11 procedures, and to the provisions of No. 22.2. (WRC-97)\n\n5.523E No. 22.2 shall continue to apply in the bands 19.6-19.7\u00a0GHz and 29.4-29.5\u00a0GHz, between feeder\n                                          links of non-geostationary mobile-satellite service networks and those fixed-satellite\n                                          service networks for which complete Appendix 4 coordination information, or notification information, is considered as having been\n                                          received by the Bureau by 21\u00a0November 1997. (WRC-97)\n\n5.524\nAdditional allocation: in Afghanistan, Algeria, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Brunei Darussalam, Cameroon, China,\n                                          Congo (Rep. of the), Costa Rica, Egypt, the United Arab Emirates, Gabon, Guatemala,\n                                          Guinea, India, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon,\n                                          Malaysia, Mali, Morocco, Mauritania, Nepal, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, the Philippines,\n                                          Qatar, the Syrian Arab Republic, the Dem. Rep. of the Congo, the Dem. People\u2019s Rep.\n                                          of Korea, Singapore, Somalia, Sudan, South Sudan, Chad, Togo and Tunisia, the frequency\n                                          band 19.7-21.2\u00a0GHz is also allocated to the fixed and mobile services on a primary\n                                          basis. This additional use shall not impose any limitation on the power flux-density\n                                          of space stations in the fixed-satellite service in the frequency band 19.7-21.2\u00a0GHz\n                                          and of space stations in the mobile-satellite service in the frequency band 19.7-20.2\u00a0GHz\n                                          where the allocation to the mobile-satellite service is on a primary basis in the\n                                          latter frequency band. (WRC-15)\n\n5.525 In order to facilitate interregional coordination between networks in the mobile-satellite\n                                          and fixed-satellite services, carriers in the mobile-satellite service that are most\n                                          susceptible to interference shall, to the extent practicable, be located in the higher\n                                          parts of the bands 19.7-20.2\u00a0GHz and 29.5-30\u00a0GHz.\n\n5.526 In the bands 19.7-20.2\u00a0GHz and 29.5-30\u00a0GHz in Region 2, and in the bands 20.1-20.2\u00a0GHz\n                                          and 29.9-30\u00a0GHz in Regions 1\u00a0and 3, networks which are both in the fixed-satellite\n                                          service and in the mobile-satellite service may include links between earth stations\n                                          at specified or unspecified points or while in motion, through one or more satellites\n                                          for point-to-point and point-to-multipoint communications.\n\n5.527 In the bands 19.7-20.2\u00a0GHz and 29.5-30\u00a0GHz, the provisions of No. 4.10 do not apply with respect to the mobile-satellite service.\n\n5.527A The operation of earth stations in motion communicating with the FSS is subject to\n                                          Resolution 156\u00a0(WRC-15). (WRC-15)\n\n5.528 The allocation to the mobile-satellite service is intended for use by networks which\n                                          use narrow spot-beam antennas and other advanced technology at the space stations.\n                                          Administrations operating systems in the mobile-satellite service in the band 19.7-20.1\u00a0GHz\n                                          in Region 2\u00a0and in the band 20.1-20.2\u00a0GHz shall take all practicable steps to ensure\n                                          the continued availability of these bands for administrations operating fixed and\n                                          mobile systems in accordance with the provisions of No. 5.524.\n\n5.529 The use of the bands 19.7-20.1\u00a0GHz and 29.5-29.9\u00a0GHz by the mobile-satellite service\n                                          in Region 2\u00a0is limited to satellite networks which are both in the fixed-satellite\n                                          service and in the mobile-satellite service as described in No. 5.526.\n\n5.530 (SUP \u2013 WRC-12)\n\n5.530A Unless otherwise agreed between the administrations concerned, any station in the\n                                          fixed or mobile services of an administration shall not produce a power flux-density\n                                          in excess of \u2212120.4\u00a0dB(W/(m2 \u2022 MHz)) at 3\u00a0m above the ground of any point of the territory of any other administration\n                                          in Regions 1\u00a0and 3\u00a0for more than 20% of the time. In conducting the calculations,\n                                          administrations should use the most recent version of Recommendation ITU-R P.452\u00a0(see\n                                          also the most recent version of Recommendation ITU-R BO.1898). (WRC-15)\n\n5.530B In the band 21.4-22\u00a0GHz, in order to facilitate the development of the broadcasting-satellite\n                                          service, administrations in Regions 1\u00a0and 3\u00a0are encouraged not to deploy stations\n                                          in the mobile service and are encouraged to limit the deployment of stations in the\n                                          fixed service to point-to-point links. (WRC-12)\n\n5.530C (SUP \u2013 WRC-15)\n\n5.530D (SUP \u2013 WRC-19)\n\n5.530E The allocation to the fixed service in the frequency band 21.4-22\u00a0GHz is identified\n                                          for use in Region 2\u00a0by high-altitude platform stations (HAPS). This identification\n                                          does not preclude the use of this frequency band by other fixed-service applications\n                                          or by other services to which it is allocated on a co-primary basis, and does not\n                                          establish priority in the Radio Regulations. Such use of the fixed-service allocation\n                                          by HAPS is limited to the HAPS-to-ground direction, and shall be in accordance with\n                                          the provisions of Resolution 165\u00a0(WRC-19). (WRC-19)\n\n5.531\nAdditional allocation: in Japan, the band 21.4-22\u00a0GHz is also allocated to the broadcasting service on a\n                                          primary basis.\n\n5.532 The use of the band 22.21-22.5\u00a0GHz by the Earth exploration-satellite (passive) and\n                                          space research (passive) services shall not impose constraints upon the fixed and\n                                          mobile, except aeronautical mobile, services.\n\n5.532A The location of earth stations in the space research service shall maintain a separation\n                                          distance of at least 54\u00a0km from the respective border(s) of neighbouring countries\n                                          to protect the existing and future deployment of fixed and mobile services unless\n                                          a shorter distance is otherwise agreed between the corresponding administrations.\n                                          Nos. 9.17 and 9.18 do not apply. (WRC-12)\n\n5.532AA The allocation to the fixed service in the frequency band 24.25-25.25\u00a0GHz is identified\n                                          for use in Region 2\u00a0by high-altitude platform stations (HAPS). This identification\n                                          does not preclude the use of this frequency band by other fixed-service applications\n                                          or by other services to which this frequency band is allocated on a co-primary basis,\n                                          and does not establish priority in the Radio Regulations. Such use of the fixed-service\n                                          allocation by HAPS is limited to the HAPS-to-ground direction and shall be in accordance\n                                          with the provisions of Resolution 166\u00a0(WRC-19). (WRC-19)\n\n5.532AB The frequency band 24.25-27.5\u00a0GHz is identified for use by administrations wishing\n                                          to implement the terrestrial component of International Mobile Telecommunications\n                                          (IMT). This identification does not preclude the use of this frequency band by any\n                                          application of the services to which it is allocated and does not establish priority\n                                          in the Radio Regulations. Resolution 242\u00a0(WRC-19) applies. (WRC-19)\n\n5.532B Use of the band 24.65-25.25\u00a0GHz in Region 1\u00a0and the band 24.65-24.75\u00a0GHz in Region\n                                          3\u00a0by the fixed- satellite service (Earth-to-space) is limited to earth stations using\n                                          a minimum antenna diameter of 4.5\u00a0m. (WRC-12)\n\n5.533 The inter-satellite service shall not claim protection from harmful interference\n                                          from airport surface detection equipment stations of the radionavigation service.\n\n5.534 (SUP \u2013 WRC-03)\n\n5.534A The allocation to the fixed service in the frequency band 25.25-27.5\u00a0GHz is identified\n                                          in Region 2\u00a0for use by high-altitude platform stations (HAPS) in accordance with the\n                                          provisions of Resolution 166\u00a0(WRC-19). Such use of the fixed-service allocation by HAPS shall be limited to the ground-to-HAPS\n                                          direction in the frequency band 25.25-27.0\u00a0GHz and to the HAPS-to-ground direction\n                                          in the frequency band 27.0-27.5\u00a0GHz. Furthermore, the use of the frequency band 25.5-27.0\u00a0GHz\n                                          by HAPS shall be limited to gateway links. This identification does not preclude the\n                                          use of this frequency band by other fixed-service applications or by other services\n                                          to which this band is allocated on a co-primary basis, and does not establish priority\n                                          in the Radio Regulations. (WRC-19)\n\n5.535 In the band 24.75-25.25\u00a0GHz, feeder links to stations of the broadcasting-satellite\n                                          service shall have priority over other uses in the fixed-satellite service (Earth-to-space).\n                                          Such other uses shall protect and shall not claim protection from existing and future\n                                          operating feeder-link networks to such broadcasting satellite stations.\n\n5.535A The use of the band 29.1-29.5\u00a0GHz (Earth-to-space) by the fixed-satellite service\n                                          is limited to geostationary-satellite systems and feeder links to non-geostationary-satellite\n                                          systems in the mobile-satellite service. Such use is subject to the application of\n                                          the provisions of No. 9.11A, but not subject to the provisions of No. 22.2, except as indicated in Nos. 5.523C and 5.523E where such use is not subject to the provisions of No. 9.11A and shall continue to be subject to Articles 9 (except No. 9.11A) and 11 procedures, and to the provisions of No. 22.2. (WRC-97)\n\n5.536 Use of the 25.25-27.5\u00a0GHz band by the inter-satellite service is limited to space\n                                          research and Earth exploration-satellite applications, and also transmissions of data\n                                          originating from industrial and medical activities in space.\n\n5.536A Administrations operating earth stations in the Earth exploration-satellite service\n                                          or the space research service shall not claim protection from stations in the fixed\n                                          and mobile services operated by other administrations. In addition, earth stations\n                                          in the Earth exploration-satellite service or in the space research service should\n                                          be operated taking into account the most recent version of Recommendation ITU-R SA.1862.\n                                          Resolution 242\u00a0(WRC-19) applies. (WRC-19)\n\n5.536B In Algeria, Saudi Arabia, Austria, Bahrain, Belgium, Brazil, China, Korea (Rep. of),\n                                          Denmark, Egypt, United Arab Emirates, Estonia, Finland, Hungary, India, Iran (Islamic\n                                          Republic of), Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya,\n                                          Lithuania, Moldova, Norway, Oman, Uganda, Pakistan, the Philippines, Poland, Portugal,\n                                          Qatar, the Syrian Arab Republic, Dem. People\u2019s Rep. of Korea, Slovakia, the Czech\n                                          Rep., Romania, the United Kingdom, Singapore, Slovenia, Sudan, Sweden, Tanzania, Turkey,\n                                          Viet Nam and Zimbabwe, earth stations operating in the Earth exploration-satellite\n                                          service in the frequency band 25.5-27\u00a0GHz shall not claim protection from, or constrain\n                                          the use and deployment of, stations of the fixed and mobile services. Resolution 242\u00a0(WRC-19) applies. (WRC-19)\n\n5.536C In Algeria, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Botswana, Brazil, Cameroon, Comoros, Cuba, Djibouti,\n                                          Egypt, United Arab Emirates, Estonia, Finland, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Israel,\n                                          Jordan, Kenya, Kuwait, Lithuania, Malaysia, Morocco, Nigeria, Oman, Qatar, Syrian\n                                          Arab Republic, Somalia, Sudan, South Sudan, Tanzania, Tunisia, Uruguay, Zambia and\n                                          Zimbabwe, earth stations operating in the space research service in the band 25.5-27\u00a0GHz\n                                          shall not claim protection from, or constrain the use and deployment of, stations\n                                          of the fixed and mobile services. (WRC-12)\n\n5.537 Space services using non-geostationary satellites operating in the inter-satellite\n                                          service in the band 27-27.5\u00a0GHz are exempt from the provisions of No. 22.2.\n\n5.537A In Bhutan, Cameroon, China, Korea (Rep. of), the Russian Federation, India, Indonesia,\n                                          Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Japan, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Maldives, Mongolia,\n                                          Myanmar, Uzbekistan, Pakistan, the Philippines, Kyrgyzstan, the Dem. People\u2019s Rep.\n                                          of Korea, Sudan, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Viet Nam, the allocation to the fixed service\n                                          in the frequency band 27.9-28.2\u00a0GHz may also be used by high altitude platform stations\n                                          (HAPS) within the territory of these countries. Such use of 300\u00a0MHz of the fixed-service\n                                          allocation by HAPS in the above countries is further limited to operation in the HAPS-to-ground\n                                          direction and shall not cause harmful interference to, nor claim protection from,\n                                          other types of fixed-service systems or other co-primary services. Furthermore, the\n                                          development of these other services shall not be constrained by HAPS. See Resolution\n                                          145\u00a0(Rev.WRC-19). (WRC-19)\n\n5.538\nAdditional allocation: the bands 27.500-27.501\u00a0GHz and 29.999-30.000\u00a0GHz are also allocated to the fixed-satellite\n                                          service (space-to-Earth) on a primary basis for the beacon transmissions intended\n                                          for up-link power control. Such space-to-Earth transmissions shall not exceed an equivalent\n                                          isotropically radiated power (e.i.r.p.) of +10\u00a0dBW in the direction of adjacent satellites\n                                          on the geostationary-satellite orbit. (WRC-07)\n\n5.539 The band 27.5-30\u00a0GHz may be used by the fixed-satellite service (Earth-to-space)\n                                          for the provision of feeder links for the broadcasting-satellite service.\n\n5.540\nAdditional allocation: the band 27.501-29.999\u00a0GHz is also allocated to the fixed-satellite service (space-\n                                          to-Earth) on a secondary basis for beacon transmissions intended for up-link power\n                                          control.\n\n5.541 In the band 28.5-30\u00a0GHz, the earth exploration-satellite service is limited to the\n                                          transfer of data between stations and not to the primary collection of information\n                                          by means of active or passive sensors.\n\n5.541A Feeder links of non-geostationary networks in the mobile-satellite service and geostationary\n                                          networks in the fixed-satellite service operating in the band 29.1-29.5\u00a0GHz (Earth-to-space)\n                                          shall employ uplink adaptive power control or other methods of fade compensation,\n                                          such that the earth station transmissions shall be conducted at the power level required\n                                          to meet the desired link performance while reducing the level of mutual interference\n                                          between both networks. These methods shall apply to networks for which Appendix 4 coordination information is considered as having been received by the Bureau after\n                                          17\u00a0May 1996\u00a0and until they are changed by a future competent world radiocommunication\n                                          conference. Administrations submitting Appendix 4 information for coordination before this date are encouraged to utilize these techniques\n                                          to the extent practicable. (WRC-2000)\n\n5.542\nAdditional allocation: in Algeria, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Brunei Darussalam, Cameroon, China, Congo (Rep.\n                                          of the), Egypt, the United Arab Emirates, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Guinea, India, Iran (Islamic\n                                          Republic of), Iraq, Japan, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Malaysia, Mali, Morocco, Mauritania,\n                                          Nepal, Oman, Pakistan, Philippines, Qatar, the Syrian Arab Republic, the Dem. People\u2019s\n                                          Rep. of Korea, Somalia, Sudan, South Sudan, Sri Lanka and Chad, the band 29.5-31\u00a0GHz\n                                          is also allocated to the fixed and mobile services on a secondary basis. The power\n                                          limits specified in Nos. 21.3 and 21.5 shall apply. (WRC-12)\n\n5.543 The band 29.95-30\u00a0GHz may be used for space-to-space links in the Earth exploration-satellite\n                                          service for telemetry, tracking, and control purposes, on a secondary basis.\n\n5.543A (SUP \u2013 WRC-19)\n\n5.543B The allocation to the fixed service in the frequency band 31-31.3\u00a0GHz is identified\n                                          for worldwide use by high-altitude platform stations (HAPS). This identification does\n                                          not preclude the use of this frequency band by other fixed-service applications or\n                                          by other services to which this frequency band is allocated on a co-primary basis,\n                                          and does not establish priority in the Radio Regulations. Such use of the fixed-service\n                                          allocation by HAPS shall be in accordance with the provisions of Resolution 167\u00a0(WRC-19). (WRC-19)\n\n5.544 In the band 31-31.3\u00a0GHz the power flux-density limits specified in Article 21, Table 21-4 shall apply to the space research service.\n\n5.545\nDifferent category of service: in Armenia, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan, the allocation of the\n                                          band 31-31.3\u00a0GHz to the space research service is on a primary basis (see No. 5.33). (WRC-12)\n\n5.546\nDifferent category of service: in Saudi Arabia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Belarus, Egypt, the United Arab Emirates,\n                                          Spain, Estonia, the Russian Federation, Georgia, Hungary, Iran (Islamic Republic of),\n                                          Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Moldova, Mongolia, Oman, Uzbekistan, Poland, the Syrian Arab\n                                          Republic, Kyrgyzstan, Romania, the United Kingdom, South Africa, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan\n                                          and Turkey, the allocation of the frequency band 31.5-31.8\u00a0GHz to the fixed and mobile,\n                                          except aeronautical mobile, services is on a primary basis (see No. 5.33). (WRC-19)\n\n5.547 The bands 31.8-33.4\u00a0GHz, 37-40\u00a0GHz, 40.5-43.5\u00a0GHz, 51.4-52.6\u00a0GHz, 55.78-59\u00a0GHz and\n                                          64-66\u00a0GHz are available for high-density applications in the fixed service (see Resolution\n                                          75\u00a0(WRC-2000)33). Administrations should take this into account when considering regulatory provisions\n                                          in relation to these bands. Because of the potential deployment of high-density applications\n                                          in the fixed-satellite service in the bands 39.5-40\u00a0GHz and 40.5-42\u00a0GHz (see No. 5.516B), administrations should further take into account potential constraints to high-density\n                                          applications in the fixed service, as appropriate. (WRC-07)\n\n5.547A Administrations should take practical measures to minimize the potential interference\n                                          between stations in the fixed service and airborne stations in the radionavigation\n                                          service in the 31.8-33.4\u00a0GHz band, taking into account the operational needs of the\n                                          airborne radar systems. (WRC-2000)\n\n5.547B\nAlternative allocation: in the United States, the band 31.8-32\u00a0GHz is allocated to the radionavigation and\n                                          space research (deep space) (space-to-Earth) services on a primary basis. (WRC-97)\n\n5.547C\nAlternative allocation: in the United States, the band 32-32.3\u00a0GHz is allocated to the radionavigation and\n                                          space research (deep space) (space-to-Earth) services on a primary basis. (WRC-03)\n\n5.547D\nAlternative allocation: in the United States, the band 32.3-33\u00a0GHz is allocated to the inter-satellite and\n                                          radionavigation services on a primary basis. (WRC-97)\n\n5.547E\nAlternative allocation: in the United States, the band 33-33.4\u00a0GHz is allocated to the radionavigation service\n                                          on a primary basis. (WRC-97)\n\n5.548 In designing systems for the inter-satellite service in the band 32.3-33\u00a0GHz, for\n                                          the radionavigation service in the band 32-33\u00a0GHz, and for the space research service\n                                          (deep space) in the band 31.8-32.3\u00a0GHz, administrations shall take all necessary measures\n                                          to prevent harmful interference between these services, bearing in mind the safety\n                                          aspects of the radionavigation service (see Recommendation 707). (WRC-03)\n\n5.549\nAdditional allocation: in Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Egypt, the United Arab Emirates, Gabon, Indonesia,\n                                          Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Malaysia,\n                                          Mali, Morocco, Mauritania, Nepal, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, the Philippines, Qatar,\n                                          the Syrian Arab Republic, the Dem. Rep. of the Congo, Singapore, Somalia, Sudan, South\n                                          Sudan, Sri Lanka, Togo, Tunisia and Yemen, the band 33.4-36\u00a0GHz is also allocated\n                                          to the fixed and mobile services on a primary basis. (WRC-12)\n\n5.549A In the band 35.5-36.0\u00a0GHz, the mean power flux-density at the Earth\u2019s surface, generated\n                                          by any spaceborne sensor in the Earth exploration-satellite service (active) or space\n                                          research service (active), for any angle greater than 0.8\u00b0 from the beam centre shall\n                                          not exceed \u221273.3\u00a0dB(W/m2) in this band. (WRC-03)\n\n5.550\nDifferent category of service: in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, the Russian Federation, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan\n                                          and Turkmenistan, the allocation of the band 34.7-35.2\u00a0GHz to the space research service\n                                          is on a primary basis (see No. 5.33). (WRC-12)\n\n5.550A For sharing of the band 36-37\u00a0GHz between the Earth exploration-satellite (passive)\n                                          service and the fixed and mobile services, Resolution 752\u00a0(WRC-07) shall apply. (WRC-07)\n\n5.550B The frequency band 37-43.5\u00a0GHz, or portions thereof, is identified for use by administrations\n                                          wishing to implement the terrestrial component of International Mobile Telecommunications\n                                          (IMT). This identification does not preclude the use of this frequency band by any\n                                          application of the services to which it is allocated and does not establish priority\n                                          in the Radio Regulations. Because of the potential deployment of FSS earth stations\n                                          within the frequency range 37.5-42.5\u00a0GHz and high-density applications in the fixed-satellite\n                                          service in the frequency bands 39.5-40\u00a0GHz in Region 1, 40-40.5\u00a0GHz in all Regions\n                                          and 40.5-42\u00a0GHz in Region 2\u00a0(see No. 5.516B), administrations should further take into account potential constraints to IMT in\n                                          these frequency bands, as appropriate. Resolution 243\u00a0(WRC-19) applies. (WRC-19)\n\n5.550C The use of the frequency bands 37.5-39.5\u00a0GHz (space-to-Earth), 39.5-42.5\u00a0GHz (space-to-Earth),\n                                          47.2-50.2\u00a0GHz (Earth-to-space) and 50.4-51.4\u00a0GHz (Earth-to-space) by a non-geostationary-satellite\n                                          system in the fixed-satellite service is subject to the application of the provisions\n                                          of No. 9.12 for coordination with other non-geostationary- satellite systems in the fixed-satellite\n                                          service but not with non-geostationary-satellite systems in other services. Resolution\n                                          770\u00a0(WRC-19) shall also apply, and No. 22.2 shall continue to apply. (WRC-19)\n\n5.550D The allocation to the fixed service in the frequency band 38-39.5\u00a0GHz is identified\n                                          for worldwide use by administrations wishing to implement high-altitude platform stations\n                                          (HAPS). In the HAPS-to-ground direction, the HAPS ground station shall not claim protection\n                                          from stations in the fixed, mobile and fixed-satellite services; and No. 5.43A does not apply. This identification does not preclude the use of this frequency band\n                                          by other fixed-service applications or by other services to which this frequency band\n                                          is allocated on a co-primary basis and does not establish priority in the Radio Regulations.\n                                          Furthermore, the development of the fixed-satellite, fixed and mobile services shall\n                                          not be unduly constrained by HAPS. Such use of the fixed-service allocation by HAPS\n                                          shall be in accordance with the provisions of Resolution 168\u00a0(WRC-19). (WRC-19)\n\n5.550E The use of the frequency bands 39.5-40\u00a0GHz and 40-40.5\u00a0GHz by non-geostationary-satellite\n                                          systems in the mobile-satellite service (space-to-Earth) and by non-geostationary-satellite\n                                          systems in the fixed-satellite service (space-to-Earth) is subject to the application\n                                          of the provisions of No. 9.12 for coordination with other non-geostationary-satellite systems in the fixed-satellite\n                                          and mobile-satellite services but not with non-geostationary-satellite systems in\n                                          other services. No. 22.2 shall continue to apply for non-geostationary-satellite-systems. (WRC-19)\n\n5.551 (SUP \u2013 WRC-97)\n\n5.551A (SUP \u2013 WRC-03)\n\n5.551AA (SUP \u2013 WRC-03)\n\n5.551B (SUP \u2013 WRC-2000)\n\n5.551C (SUP \u2013 WRC-2000)\n\n5.551D (SUP \u2013 WRC-2000)\n\n5.551E (SUP \u2013 WRC-2000)\n\n5.551F\nDifferent category of service: in Japan, the allocation of the band 41.5-42.5\u00a0GHz to the mobile service is on a\n                                          primary basis (see No. 5.33). (WRC-97)\n\n5.551G (SUP \u2013 WRC-03)\n\n5.551H The equivalent power flux-density (epfd) produced in the frequency band 42.5-43.5\u00a0GHz\n                                          by all space stations in any non-geostationary-satellite system in the fixed-satellite\n                                          service (space-to-Earth), or in the broadcasting-satellite service operating in the\n                                          frequency band 42-42.5\u00a0GHz, shall not exceed the following values at the site of any\n                                          radio astronomy station for more than 2% of the time:\n\n\u2013 230\u00a0dB(W/m2) in 1\u00a0GHz and \u2212246\u00a0dB(W/m2) in any 500\u00a0kHz of the frequency band 42.5-43.5\u00a0GHz at the site of any radio astronomy\n                                                station registered as a single-dish telescope; and\n\n\u2013 209\u00a0dB(W/m2) in any 500\u00a0kHz of the frequency band 42.5-43.5\u00a0GHz at the site of any radio astronomy\n                                                station registered as a very long baseline interferometry station.\n\nThese epfd values shall be evaluated using the methodology given in Recommendation\n                                          ITU-R S.1586-1\u00a0and the reference antenna pattern and the maximum gain of an antenna\n                                          in the radio astronomy service given in Recommendation ITU-R RA.1631-0\u00a0and shall apply\n                                          over the whole sky and for elevation angles higher than the minimum operating angle\n                                          \u03b8min of the radiotelescope (for which a default value of 5\u00b0 should be adopted in the absence\n                                          of notified information).\n\nThese values shall apply at any radio astronomy station that either:\n\n\u2013 was in operation prior to 5\u00a0July 2003\u00a0and has been notified to the Bureau before 4\u00a0January\n                                                2004; or\n\n\u2013 was notified before the date of receipt of the complete Appendix 4 information for coordination or notification, as appropriate, for the space station\n                                                to which the limits apply.\n\nOther radio astronomy stations notified after these dates may seek an agreement with\n                                          administrations that have authorized the space stations. In Region 2, Resolution 743\u00a0(WRC-03) shall apply. The limits in this footnote may be exceeded at the site of a radio astronomy\n                                          station of any country whose administration so agreed. (WRC-15)\n\n5.551I The power flux-density in the band 42.5-43.5\u00a0GHz produced by any geostationary space\n                                          station in the fixed-satellite service (space-to-Earth), or the broadcasting-satellite\n                                          service operating in the 42-42.5\u00a0GHz band, shall not exceed the following values at\n                                          the site of any radio astronomy station:\n\n\u2013 137\u00a0dB(W/m2) in 1\u00a0GHz and -153\u00a0dB(W/m2) in any 500\u00a0kHz of the 42.5-43.5\u00a0GHz band at the site of any radio astronomy station\n                                                registered as a single-dish telescope; and\n\n\u2013 116\u00a0dB(W/m2) in any 500\u00a0kHz of the 42.5-43.5\u00a0GHz band at the site of any radio astronomy station\n                                                registered as a very long baseline interferometry station.\n\nThese values shall apply at the site of any radio astronomy station that either:\n\n\u2013 was in operation prior to 5\u00a0July 2003\u00a0and has been notified to the Bureau before 4\u00a0January\n                                                2004; or\n\n\u2013 was notified before the date of receipt of the complete Appendix 4 information for coordination or notification, as appropriate, for the space station\n                                                to which the limits apply.\n\nOther radio astronomy stations notified after these dates may seek an agreement with\n                                          administrations that have authorized the space stations. In Region 2, Resolution 743\u00a0(WRC-03) shall apply. The limits in this footnote may be exceeded at the site of a radio astronomy\n                                          station of any country whose administration so agreed. (WRC-03)\n\n5.552 The allocation of the spectrum for the fixed-satellite service in the bands 42.5-43.5\u00a0GHz\n                                          and 47.2-50.2\u00a0GHz for Earth-to-space transmission is greater than that in the band\n                                          37.5-39.5\u00a0GHz for space-to-Earth transmission in order to accommodate feeder links\n                                          to broadcasting satellites. Administrations are urged to take all practicable steps\n                                          to reserve the band 47.2-49.2\u00a0GHz for feeder links for the broadcasting-satellite\n                                          service operating in the band 40.5-42.5\u00a0GHz.\n\n5.552A The allocation to the fixed service in the frequency bands 47.2-47.5\u00a0GHz and 47.9-48.2\u00a0GHz\n                                          is identified for use by high-altitude platform stations (HAPS). This identification\n                                          does not preclude the use of this frequency band by any application of the services\n                                          to which it is allocated on a co-primary basis, and does not establish priority in\n                                          the Radio Regulations. Such use of the fixed-service allocation in the frequency bands\n                                          47.2-47.5\u00a0GHz and 47.9-48.2\u00a0GHz by HAPS shall be in accordance with the provisions\n                                          of Resolution 122\u00a0(Rev.WRC-19). (WRC-19)\n\n5.553 In the bands 43.5-47\u00a0GHz and 66-71\u00a0GHz, stations in the land mobile service may be\n                                          operated subject to not causing harmful interference to the space radiocommunication\n                                          services to which these bands are allocated (see No. 5.43). (WRC-2000)\n\n5.553A In Algeria, Angola, Bahrain, Belarus, Benin, Botswana, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Cabo\n                                          Verde, Korea (Rep. of), C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, Croatia, United Arab Emirates, Estonia, Eswatini,\n                                          Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Greece, Guinea, Guinea- Bissau, Hungary, Iran (Islamic Republic\n                                          of), Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lesotho, Latvia, Liberia, Lithuania, Madagascar, Malawi,\n                                          Mali, Morocco, Mauritius, Mauritania, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Qatar,\n                                          Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovenia, Sudan, South Africa, Sweden, Tanzania,\n                                          Togo, Tunisia, Zambia and Zimbabwe, the frequency band 45.5-47\u00a0GHz is identified for\n                                          use by administrations wishing to implement the terrestrial component of International\n                                          Mobile Telecommunications (IMT), taking into account No. 5.553. With respect to the aeronautical mobile service and radionavigation service, the\n                                          use of this frequency band for the implementation of IMT is subject to agreement obtained\n                                          under No. 9.21 with concerned administrations and shall not cause harmful interference to, or claim\n                                          protection from these services. This identification does not preclude the use of this\n                                          frequency band by any application of the services to which it is allocated and does\n                                          not establish priority in the Radio Regulations. Resolution 244\u00a0(WRC-19) applies. (WRC-19)\n\n5.553B In Region 2\u00a0and Algeria, Angola, Saudi Arabia, Australia, Bahrain, Benin, Botswana,\n                                          Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Rep., Comoros, Congo (Rep. of the),\n                                          Korea (Rep. of), C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, Djibouti, Egypt, United Arab Emirates, Eswatini, Ethiopia,\n                                          Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Equatorial Guinea, India, Iran (Islamic\n                                          Republic of), Iraq, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Kuwait, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Lithuania,\n                                          Madagascar, Malaysia, Malawi, Mali, Morocco, Mauritius, Mauritania, Mozambique, Namibia,\n                                          Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Uganda, Qatar, the Syrian Arab Republic, the Dem. Rep. of the\n                                          Congo, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore,\n                                          Slovenia, Somalia, Sudan, South Sudan, South Africa, Sweden, Tanzania, Chad, Togo,\n                                          Tunisia, Zambia and Zimbabwe, the frequency band 47.2-48.2\u00a0GHz is identified for use\n                                          by administrations wishing to implement International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT).\n                                          This identification does not preclude the use of this frequency band by any application\n                                          of the services to which it is allocated, and does not establish any priority in the\n                                          Radio Regulations. Resolution 243\u00a0(WRC-19) applies. (WRC-19)\n\n5.554 In the bands 43.5-47\u00a0GHz, 66-71\u00a0GHz, 95-100\u00a0GHz, 123-130\u00a0GHz, 191.8-200\u00a0GHz and 252-265\u00a0GHz,\n                                          satellite links connecting land stations at specified fixed points are also authorized\n                                          when used in conjunction with the mobile-satellite service or the radionavigation-satellite\n                                          service. (WRC-2000)\n\n5.554A The use of the bands 47.5-47.9\u00a0GHz, 48.2-48.54\u00a0GHz and 49.44-50.2\u00a0GHz by the fixed-satellite\n                                          service (space-to-Earth) is limited to geostationary satellites. (WRC-03)\n\n5.555\nAdditional allocation: the band 48.94-49.04\u00a0GHz is also allocated to the radio astronomy service on a primary\n                                          basis. (WRC-2000)\n\n5.555A (SUP \u2013 WRC-03)\n\n5.555B The power flux-density in the band 48.94-49.04\u00a0GHz produced by any geostationary\n                                          space station in the fixed-satellite service (space-to-Earth) operating in the bands\n                                          48.2-48.54\u00a0GHz and 49.44-50.2\u00a0GHz shall not exceed -151.8\u00a0dB(W/m2) in any 500\u00a0kHz band at the site of any radio astronomy station. (WRC-03)\n\n5.555C The use of the frequency band 51.4-52.4\u00a0GHz by the fixed-satellite service (Earth-to-space)\n                                          is limited to geostationary-satellite networks. The earth stations shall be limited\n                                          to gateway earth stations with a minimum antenna diameter of 2.4\u00a0metres. (WRC-19)\n\n5.556 In the bands 51.4-54.25\u00a0GHz, 58.2-59\u00a0GHz and 64-65\u00a0GHz, radio astronomy observations\n                                          may be carried out under national arrangements. (WRC-2000)\n\n5.556A Use of the bands 54.25-56.9\u00a0GHz, 57-58.2\u00a0GHz and 59-59.3\u00a0GHz by the inter-satellite\n                                          service is limited to satellites in the geostationary-satellite orbit. The single-entry\n                                          power flux-density at all altitudes from 0\u00a0km to 1\u00a0000\u00a0km above the Earth\u2019s surface\n                                          produced by a station in the inter-satellite service, for all conditions and for all\n                                          methods of modulation, shall not exceed -147\u00a0dB(W/(m2 \u2022 100\u00a0MHz)) for all angles of arrival. (WRC-97)\n\n5.556B\nAdditional allocation: in Japan, the band 54.25-55.78\u00a0GHz is also allocated to the mobile service on a primary\n                                          basis for low-density use. (WRC-97)\n\n5.557\nAdditional allocation: in Japan, the band 55.78-58.2\u00a0GHz is also allocated to the radiolocation service\n                                          on a primary basis. (WRC-97)\n\n5.557A In the band 55.78-56.26\u00a0GHz, in order to protect stations in the Earth exploration-satellite\n                                          service (passive), the maximum power density delivered by a transmitter to the antenna\n                                          of a fixed service station is limited to -26\u00a0dB(W/MHz). (WRC-2000)\n\n5.558 In the bands 55.78-58.2\u00a0GHz, 59-64\u00a0GHz, 66-71\u00a0GHz, 122.25-123\u00a0GHz, 130-134\u00a0GHz, 167-174.8\u00a0GHz\n                                          and 191.8-200\u00a0GHz, stations in the aeronautical mobile service may be operated subject\n                                          to not causing harmful interference to the inter-satellite service (see No. 5.43). (WRC-2000)\n\n5.558A Use of the band 56.9-57\u00a0GHz by inter-satellite systems is limited to links between\n                                          satellites in geostationary-satellite orbit and to transmissions from non-geostationary\n                                          satellites in high-Earth orbit to those in low-Earth orbit. For links between satellites\n                                          in the geostationary-satellite orbit, the single entry power flux-density at all altitudes\n                                          from 0\u00a0km to 1\u00a0000\u00a0km above the Earth\u2019s surface, for all conditions and for all methods\n                                          of modulation, shall not exceed -147\u00a0dB(W/(m2 \u2022 100\u00a0MHz)) for all angles of arrival. (WRC-97)\n\n5.559 In the band 59-64\u00a0GHz, airborne radars in the radiolocation service may be operated\n                                          subject to not causing harmful interference to the inter-satellite service (see No.\n                                          5.43). (WRC-2000)\n\n5.559A (SUP \u2013 WRC-07)\n\n5.559AA The frequency band 66-71\u00a0GHz is identified for use by administrations wishing to\n                                          implement the terrestrial component of International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT).\n                                          This identification does not preclude the use of this frequency band by any application\n                                          of the services to which this frequency band is allocated and does not establish priority\n                                          in the Radio Regulations. Resolution 241\u00a0(WRC-19) applies. (WRC-19)\n\n5.559B The use of the frequency band 77.5-78\u00a0GHz by the radiolocation service shall be limited\n                                          to short-range radar for ground-based applications, including automotive radars. The\n                                          technical characteristics of these radars are provided in the most recent version\n                                          of Recommendation ITU-R M.2057. The provisions of No. 4.10 do not apply. (WRC-15)\n\n5.560 In the band 78-79\u00a0GHz radars located on space stations may be operated on a primary\n                                          basis in the Earth exploration-satellite service and in the space research service.\n\n5.561 In the band 74-76\u00a0GHz, stations in the fixed, mobile and broadcasting services shall\n                                          not cause harmful interference to stations of the fixed-satellite service or stations\n                                          of the broadcasting-satellite service operating in accordance with the decisions of\n                                          the appropriate frequency assignment planning conference for the broadcasting-satellite\n                                          service. (WRC-2000)\n\n5.561A The 81-81.5\u00a0GHz band is also allocated to the amateur and amateur-satellite services\n                                          on a secondary basis. (WRC-2000)\n\n5.561B In Japan, use of the band 84-86\u00a0GHz, by the fixed-satellite service (Earth-to-space)\n                                          is limited to feeder links in the broadcasting-satellite service using the geostationary-satellite\n                                          orbit. (WRC-2000)\n\n5.562 The use of the band 94-94.1\u00a0GHz by the Earth exploration-satellite (active) and space\n                                          research (active) services is limited to spaceborne cloud radars. (WRC-97)\n\n5.562A In the bands 94-94.1\u00a0GHz and 130-134\u00a0GHz, transmissions from space stations of the\n                                          Earth exploration- satellite service (active) that are directed into the main beam\n                                          of a radio astronomy antenna have the potential to damage some radio astronomy receivers.\n                                          Space agencies operating the transmitters and the radio astronomy stations concerned\n                                          should mutually plan their operations so as to avoid such occurrences to the maximum\n                                          extent possible. (WRC-2000)\n\n5.562B In the frequency bands 105-109.5\u00a0GHz, 111.8-114.25\u00a0GHz and 217-226\u00a0GHz, the use of\n                                          this allocation is limited to space-based radio astronomy only. (WRC-19)\n\n5.562C Use of the band 116-122.25\u00a0GHz by the inter-satellite service is limited to satellites\n                                          in the geostationary- satellite orbit. The single-entry power flux-density produced\n                                          by a station in the inter-satellite service, for all conditions and for all methods\n                                          of modulation, at all altitudes from 0\u00a0km to 1\u00a0000\u00a0km above the Earth\u2019s surface and\n                                          in the vicinity of all geostationary orbital positions occupied by passive sensors,\n                                          shall not exceed -148\u00a0dB(W/(m2 \u2022 MHz)) for all angles of arrival. (WRC-2000)\n\n5.562D\nAdditional allocation: In Korea (Rep. of), the frequency bands 128-130\u00a0GHz, 171-171.6\u00a0GHz, 172.2-172.8\u00a0GHz\n                                          and 173.3-174\u00a0GHz are also allocated to the radio astronomy service on a primary basis.\n                                          Radio astronomy stations in Korea (Rep. of) operating in the frequency bands referred\n                                          to in this footnote shall not claim protection from, or constrain the use and development\n                                          of, services in other countries operating in accordance with the Radio Regulations.\n                                          (WRC-15)\n\n5.562E The allocation to the Earth exploration-satellite service (active) is limited to\n                                          the band 133.5-134\u00a0GHz. (WRC-2000)\n\n5.562F (SUP \u2013 WRC-19)\n\n5.562G (SUP \u2013 WRC-19)\n\n5.562H Use of the bands 174.8-182\u00a0GHz and 185-190\u00a0GHz by the inter-satellite service is\n                                          limited to satellites in the geostationary-satellite orbit. The single-entry power\n                                          flux-density produced by a station in the inter-satellite service, for all conditions\n                                          and for all methods of modulation, at all altitudes from 0\u00a0to 1\u00a0000\u00a0km above the Earth\u2019s\n                                          surface and in the vicinity of all geostationary orbital positions occupied by passive\n                                          sensors, shall not exceed \u2212144\u00a0dB(W/(m2 \u2022 MHz)) for all angles of arrival. (WRC-2000)\n\n5.563 (SUP \u2013 WRC-03)\n\n5.563A In the bands 200-209\u00a0GHz, 235-238\u00a0GHz, 250-252\u00a0GHz and 265-275\u00a0GHz, ground-based\n                                          passive atmospheric sensing is carried out to monitor atmospheric constituents. (WRC-2000)\n\n5.563B The band 237.9-238\u00a0GHz is also allocated to the Earth exploration-satellite service\n                                          (active) and the space research service (active) for spaceborne cloud radars only.\n                                          (WRC-2000)\n\n5.564 (SUP \u2013 WRC-2000)\n\n5.564A For the operation of fixed and land mobile service applications in frequency bands\n                                          in the range 275- 450\u00a0GHz:\n\nThe frequency bands 275-296\u00a0GHz, 306-313\u00a0GHz, 318-333\u00a0GHz and 356-450\u00a0GHz are identified\n                                          for use by administrations for the implementation of land mobile and fixed service\n                                          applications, where no specific conditions are necessary to protect Earth exploration-satellite\n                                          service (passive) applications.\n\nThe frequency bands 296-306\u00a0GHz, 313-318\u00a0GHz and 333-356\u00a0GHz may only be used by fixed\n                                          and land mobile service applications when specific conditions to ensure the protection\n                                          of Earth exploration-satellite service (passive) applications are determined in accordance\n                                          with Resolution 731\u00a0(Rev.WRC-19).\n\nIn those portions of the frequency range 275-450\u00a0GHz where radio astronomy applications\n                                          are used, specific conditions (e.g. minimum separation distances and/or avoidance\n                                          angles) may be necessary to ensure protection of radio astronomy sites from land mobile\n                                          and/or fixed service applications, on a case-by-case basis in accordance with Resolution\n                                          731\u00a0(Rev.WRC-19).\n\nThe use of the above-mentioned frequency bands by land mobile and fixed service applications\n                                          does not preclude use by, and does not establish priority over, any other applications\n                                          of radio services in the range of 275-450\u00a0GHz. (WRC-19)\n\n5.565 The following frequency bands in the range 275-1\u00a0000\u00a0GHz are identified for use by\n                                          administrations for passive service applications:\n\n\u2013 radio astronomy service: 275-323\u00a0GHz, 327-371\u00a0GHz, 388-424\u00a0GHz, 426-442\u00a0GHz, 453-510\u00a0GHz,\n                                                623-711\u00a0GHz, 795-909\u00a0GHz and 926-945\u00a0GHz;\n\n\u2013 Earth exploration-satellite service (passive) and space research service (passive):\n                                                275-286\u00a0GHz, 296-306\u00a0GHz, 313-356\u00a0GHz, 361-365\u00a0GHz, 369-392\u00a0GHz, 397-399\u00a0GHz, 409-411\u00a0GHz,\n                                                416-434\u00a0GHz, 439-467\u00a0GHz, 477-502\u00a0GHz, 523-527\u00a0GHz, 538-581\u00a0GHz, 611-630\u00a0GHz, 634-654\u00a0GHz,\n                                                657-692\u00a0GHz, 713-718\u00a0GHz, 729-733\u00a0GHz, 750-754\u00a0GHz, 771-776\u00a0GHz, 823-846\u00a0GHz, 850-854\u00a0GHz,\n                                                857-862\u00a0GHz, 866-882\u00a0GHz, 905-928\u00a0GHz, 951-956\u00a0GHz, 968-973\u00a0GHz and 985-990\u00a0GHz.\n\nThe use of the range 275-1\u00a0000\u00a0GHz by the passive services does not preclude use of\n                                          this range by active services. Administrations wishing to make frequencies in the\n                                          275-1\u00a0000\u00a0GHz range available for active service applications are urged to take all\n                                          practicable steps to protect these passive services from harmful interference until\n                                          the date when the Table of Frequency Allocations is established in the above-mentioned\n                                          275-1\u00a0000\u00a0GHz frequency range.\n\nAll frequencies in the range 1\u00a0000-3\u00a0000\u00a0GHz may be used by both active and passive\n                                          services. (WRC-12)\n\n6.1 \u00a7 1\u00a0Two or more Member States may, under the provisions for special arrangements\n                                          in the Constitution, conclude special agreements regarding the sub-allocation of bands\n                                          of frequencies to the appropriate services of the participating countries.\n\n6.2 \u00a7 2\u00a0Two or more Member States may, under the provisions for special arrangements\n                                          in the Constitution, conclude special agreements, as a result of a conference to which\n                                          all those Member States concerned have been invited, regarding the assignment of frequencies\n                                          to those of their stations which participate in one or more specific services within\n                                          the frequency bands allocated to these services by Article 5, either below 5\u00a0060\u00a0kHz or above 27\u00a0500\u00a0kHz, but not between those limits.\n\n6.3 \u00a7 3\u00a0Member States may, under the provisions for special arrangements in the Constitution,\n                                          conclude, on a worldwide basis, and as a result of a conference to which all Member\n                                          States have been invited, special agreements concerning the assignment of frequencies\n                                          to those of their stations participating in a specific service, on condition that\n                                          such assignments are within the frequency bands allocated exclusively to that service\n                                          in Article 5.\n\n6.4 \u00a7 4\u00a0Special agreements concluded in accordance with the provisions of Nos. 6.1 to 6.3 shall not be in conflict with any of the provisions of these Regulations.\n\n6.5 \u00a7 5\u00a0The Secretary-General shall be informed, in advance, of any conference to be\n                                          convened to conclude such an agreement; he shall also be informed of the terms of\n                                          the agreement when concluded; and he shall inform the Member States of the existence\n                                          of such agreements.\n\n6.6 \u00a7 6\u00a0The Director of the Radiocommunication Bureau and the Chairman of the Radio Regulations\n                                          Board may be invited to send representatives to participate in an advisory capacity\n                                          in the preparation of these agreements and in the proceedings of the conferences,\n                                          it being recognized that in the majority of cases such participation is desirable.\n\n6.7 \u00a7 7\u00a0If, besides the action they may take in accordance with No. 6.2, two or more Member States coordinate the use of individual frequencies in any of\n                                          the frequency bands covered by Article 5 before notifying the frequency assignments concerned, they shall in all appropriate\n                                          cases inform the Bureau of such coordination.\n\n7.1 The procedures of this Chapter shall be applied by administrations, the Radio Regulations\n                                          Board (the Board) and the Radiocommunication Bureau (the Bureau) for the purposes\n                                          of:\n\n7.2\na) obtaining coordination with, or the agreement of, other administrations whenever\n                                          such a requirement is specified in one or more provisions of these Regulations (see\n                                          Article 9);\n\n7.3 Not used.\n\n7.4\nb) notifying to the Bureau frequency assignments for the purposes of examination and\n                                          recording in the Master Register (see Article 11).\n\n7.4A Unless otherwise stated in an applicable regulatory provision of these Regulations\n                                          or in a Resolution relating to the application of the provisions of Articles 9 or 11, the following shall be applied by the Bureau:\n\n\u2013 when applying the provisions of No. 9.35 or 9.36, as appropriate, the Bureau shall apply the provisions in force at the date of receipt\n                                                of the information submitted under No. 9.34;\n\n\u2013 when applying the provisions of No. 11.31, the Bureau shall apply the provisions in force at the date of receipt of the complete\n                                                notice submitted under No. 11.15;\n\n\u2013 when applying the provisions of No. 11.32, the Bureau shall apply the provisions in force at the date of receipt of complete\n                                                information submitted under No. 9.34. In the case where a new form of coordination exists on the date of receipt of notification\n                                                under Article 11, where no such form existed at the coordination stage, the Bureau shall apply the\n                                                forms of coordination in force on the date of receipt of complete Appendix 4 data under Article 11;\n\n\u2013 in the case where a form of coordination or coordination requirements existed on the\n                                                date of receipt of complete coordination data under Article 9 where no such form or coordination requirements exist on the date of receipt of complete\n                                                notification data under Article 11, the Bureau shall not take into account these forms of coordination or coordination\n                                                requirements. (WRC-03)\n\n7.5 Any administration may request the assistance of the Board or the Bureau in the application\n                                          of any part of the procedures of this Chapter (see Articles 13 and 14).\n\n7.5A If a frequency assignment is brought into use before commencement of the coordination\n                                          procedure under Article 9 when coordination is required, or before notification when coordination is not required,\n                                          the operation in advance of the application of the procedure shall, in no way, afford\n                                          any priority.\n\n7.6 If requested by any administration, particularly by the administration of a country\n                                          in need of special assistance, the Bureau and, when necessary, the Board shall, using\n                                          such means at their disposal as are appropriate in the circumstances, render the assistance\n                                          requested in the application of the procedures of this Chapter.\n\n7.7 The Board shall, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Constitution,\n                                          the Convention and these Regulations, approve the Rules of Procedure which are to\n                                          be applied by the Bureau (see Article 13, Section III).\n\n7.8 In a case of harmful interference involving the application of the provisions of\n                                          Article 15, Section VI, except when there is an obligation to eliminate harmful interference\n                                          under the provisions of this Chapter, administrations are urged to exercise the utmost\n                                          goodwill and mutual cooperation taking into account all the relevant technical and\n                                          operational factors of the case.\n\n8.1 The international rights and obligations of administrations in respect of their own\n                                          and other administrations\u2019 frequency assignments34 shall be derived from the recording of those assignments in the Master International\n                                          Frequency Register (the Master Register) or from their conformity, where appropriate,\n                                          with a plan. Such rights shall be conditioned by the provisions of these Regulations\n                                          and those of any relevant frequency allotment or assignment plan.\n\n8.2 Not used.\n\n8.3 Any frequency assignment recorded in the Master Register with a favourable finding\n                                          under No. 11.31 shall have the right to international recognition. For such an assignment, this right\n                                          means that other administrations shall take it into account when making their own\n                                          assignments, in order to avoid harmful interference. In addition, frequency assignments\n                                          in frequency bands subject to coordination or to a plan shall have a status derived\n                                          from the application of the procedures relating to the coordination or associated\n                                          with the plan.\n\n8.4 A frequency assignment shall be known as a non-conforming assignment when it is not\n                                          in accordance with the Table of Frequency Allocations or the other35 provisions of these Regulations. Such an assignment shall be recorded for information\n                                          purposes, only when the notifying administration states that it will be operated in\n                                          accordance with No. 4.4 (see also No. 8.5).\n\n8.5 If harmful interference to the reception of any station whose assignment is in accordance\n                                          with No. 11.31 is actually caused by the use of a frequency assignment which is not in conformity\n                                          with No. 11.31, the station using the latter frequency assignment must, upon receipt of advice thereof,\n                                          immediately eliminate this harmful interference.\n\n36\n,\u00a037,\u00a038,\u00a039,\u00a040,\u00a041,\u00a042,\u00a043(WRC-19)\n\nSection I \u2212 Advance publication of information on satellite networks or satellite\n                                          systems\n\nGeneral\n\n9.1 Before initiating any action under Article 11 in respect of frequency assignments for a satellite network or system not subject\n                                          to the coordination procedure described in Section II of Article 9 below, an administration, or one44 acting on behalf of a group of named administrations, shall send to the Bureau a\n                                          general description of the network or system for advance publication in the International\n                                          Frequency Information Circular (BR IFIC) not earlier than seven years and preferably\n                                          not later than two years before the planned date of bringing into use of the network\n                                          or system (see also No. 11.44). The characteristics to be provided for this purpose are listed in Appendix 4. The notification information may also be communicated to the Bureau at the same\n                                          time, but shall be considered as having been received by the Bureau not earlier than\n                                          four months after the date of publication of the advance publication information.\n                                          (WRC-19)\n\n9.1A Upon receipt of the complete information sent under No. 9.30, the Bureau shall make available, using the basic characteristics of the coordination\n                                          request, a general description of the network or system for advance publication in\n                                          a Special Section. The characteristics to be made available for this purpose are listed\n                                          in Appendix 4. (WRC-19)\n\n9.2 Amendments to the information sent in accordance with the provisions of No. 9.1 shall also be sent to the Bureau as soon as they become available. The use of an\n                                          additional frequency band, or modification of the orbital location for a space station\n                                          using the geostationary-satellite orbit, the modification of the reference body or\n                                          the modification of the direction of transmission for a space station using a non-geostationary-satellite\n                                          orbit, as well as the use of inter-satellite links of a geostationary space station\n                                          communicating with a non-geostationary space station which are not subject to the\n                                          coordination procedure under Section II of Article 9, will require the application of the advance publication procedure45. (WRC-19)\n\n9.2A If the information is found to be incomplete, the Bureau shall immediately seek from\n                                          the administration concerned any clarification required and information not provided.\n\n9.2B On receipt of the complete information sent under Nos. 9.1 and 9.2, the Bureau shall publish46 it in a Special Section of its BR IFIC within two months. When the Bureau is not\n                                          in a position to comply with the time-limit referred to above, it shall periodically\n                                          so inform the administrations, giving the reasons therefor. (WRC-19)\n\n9.2C Modifications to coordination information that include the use of an additional frequency\n                                          band or modification of the orbital location for a space station using the geostationary-\n                                          satellite orbit will require application of the procedure in No. 9.1A. (WRC-15)\n\nSub-Section IA \u2212 Advance publication of information on satellite networks or satellite\n                                          systems that are not subject to coordination procedure under Section II\n\n9.3 If, upon receipt of the BR IFIC containing information published under No. 9.2B, any administration believes that interference which may be unacceptable may be caused\n                                          to its existing or planned satellite networks or systems, it shall within four months\n                                          of the date of publication of the BR IFIC communicate to the publishing administration\n                                          its comments47 on the particulars of the anticipated interference to its existing or planned systems.\n                                          A copy of these comments shall also be sent to the Bureau. Thereafter, both administrations\n                                          shall endeavour to cooperate in joint efforts to resolve any difficulties, with the\n                                          assistance of the Bureau, if so requested by either of the parties, and shall exchange\n                                          any additional relevant information that may be available. If no such comments are\n                                          received from an administration within the aforementioned period, it may be assumed\n                                          that the administration concerned has no objections to the planned satellite network(s)\n                                          of the system on which details have been published. (WRC-19)\n\n9.4 In the case of difficulties, the administration responsible for the planned satellite\n                                          network shall explore all possible means to resolve the difficulties without considering\n                                          the possibility of adjustment to networks of other administrations. If no such means\n                                          can be found, it may request the other administrations to explore all possible means\n                                          to meet its requirements. The administrations concerned shall make every possible\n                                          effort to resolve the difficulties by means of mutually acceptable adjustments to\n                                          their networks. An administration on behalf of which details of planned satellite\n                                          networks have been published in accordance with the provisions of No. 9.2B may, after the period of four months, inform the Bureau of the progress made in resolving\n                                          any difficulties. (WRC-19)\n\n9.5 The Bureau shall inform all administrations of the list of administrations which\n                                          have sent comments under No. 9.3 and provide a summary of the comments received.\n\n9.5A The procedure of Sub-Section IA shall be considered mainly for the purposes of informing\n                                          all administrations of developments in the use of space radiocommunications.\n\nSub-Section IB (SUP \u2013 WRC-15)\n\n9.5B (SUP \u2013 WRC-15)\n\n9.5C (SUP \u2013 WRC-15)\n\n9.5D (SUP \u2013 WRC-15)\n\nSection II \u2212 Procedure for effecting coordination48,\u00a0 49\n\nSub-Section IIA \u2212 Requirement and request for coordination\n\n9.6 Before an administration50,\u00a051,\u00a052 notifies to the Bureau or brings into use a frequency assignment in any of the cases\n                                          listed below, it shall effect coordination, as required, with other administrations\n                                          identified under No. 9.27: (WRC-03)\n\n9.7\na) for a station in a satellite network using the geostationary-satellite orbit, in\n                                          any space radiocommunication service, in a frequency band and in a Region where this\n                                          service is not subject to a plan, in respect of any other satellite network using\n                                          that orbit, in any space radiocommunication service in a frequency band and in a Region\n                                          where this service is not subject to a plan, with the exception of coordination between\n                                          earth stations operating in the opposite direction of transmission.\n\n9.7A\nb\u00a053,\u00a054 for a specific earth station in a geostationary-satellite network in the fixed-satellite\n                                          service in certain frequency bands, in respect of a non-geostationary-satellite system\n                                          in the fixed-satellite service; (WRC-2000)\n\n9.7B\nc)\u00a055,\u00a056 for a non-geostationary-satellite system in the fixed-satellite service in certain\n                                          frequency bands, in respect of a specific earth station in a geostationary-satellite\n                                          network in the fixed-satellite service. (WRC-2000)\n\n9.8 (SUP \u2013 WRC-2000)\n\n9.9 (SUP \u2013 WRC-2000)\n\n9.10 Not used;\n\n9.11\nd) for a space station in the broadcasting-satellite service in any band shared on an\n                                          equal primary basis with terrestrial services and where the broadcasting-satellite\n                                          service is not subject to a plan, in respect of terrestrial services;\n\n9.11A\ne) for a station for which the requirement to coordinate is included in a footnote to\n                                          the Table of Frequency Allocations referring to this provision, the provisions of\n                                          Nos. 9.12 to 9.16 are applicable; (WRC-2000)\n\n9.12\nf) for a station in a satellite network using a non-geostationary-satellite orbit, for\n                                          which the requirement to coordinate is included in a footnote to the Table of Frequency\n                                          Allocations referring to this provision or to No. 9.11A, in respect of any other satellite network using a non-geostationary-satellite orbit,\n                                          with the exception of coordination between earth stations operating in the opposite\n                                          direction of transmission; (WRC-2000)\n\n9.12A\ng) for a station in a satellite network using a non-geostationary-satellite orbit, for\n                                          which the requirement to coordinate is included in a footnote to the Table of Frequency\n                                          Allocations referring to this provision or to No. 9.11A, in respect of any other satellite network using the geostationary-satellite orbit,\n                                          with the exception of coordination between earth stations operating in the opposite\n                                          direction of transmission; (WRC-2000)\n\n9.13\nh) for a station in a satellite network using the geostationary-satellite orbit, for\n                                          which the requirement to coordinate is included in a footnote to the Table of Frequency\n                                          Allocations referring to this provision or to No. 9.11A, in respect of any other satellite network using a non-geostationary-satellite orbit,\n                                          with the exception of coordination between earth stations operating in the opposite\n                                          direction of transmission; (WRC-2000)\n\n9.14\ni) for a transmitting space station of a satellite network for which the requirement\n                                          to coordinate is included in a footnote to the Table of Frequency Allocations referring\n                                          to this provision or to No. 9.11A in respect of receiving stations of terrestrial services where the threshold value\n                                          is exceeded; (WRC-07)\n\n9.15\nj) for either a specific earth station or typical earth station of a non-geostationary\n                                          satellite network for which the requirement to coordinate is included in a footnote\n                                          to the Table of Frequency Allocations referring to No. 9.11A, in respect of terrestrial stations in frequency bands allocated with equal rights\n                                          to space and terrestrial services and where the coordination area of the earth station\n                                          includes the territory of another country; (WRC-2000)\n\n9.16\nk) for a transmitting station of a terrestrial service for which the requirement to\n                                          coordinate is included in a footnote to the Table of Frequency Allocations referring\n                                          to No. 9.11A and which is located within the coordination area of an earth station in a non-geostationary-satellite\n                                          network; (WRC-2000)\n\n9.17\nl) for any specific earth station or typical mobile earth station in frequency bands\n                                          above 100\u00a0MHz allocated with equal rights to space and terrestrial services, in respect\n                                          of terrestrial stations, where the coordination area of the earth station includes\n                                          the territory of another country, with the exception of the coordination under No.\n                                          9.15; (WRC-2000)\n\n9.17A\nm) for any specific earth station, in respect of other earth stations operating in the\n                                          opposite direction of transmission or for any typical mobile earth station in respect\n                                          of specific earth stations operating in the opposite direction of transmission, in\n                                          frequency bands allocated with equal rights to space radiocommunication services in\n                                          both directions of transmission and where the coordination area of the earth station\n                                          includes the territory of another country or the earth station is located within the\n                                          coordination area of another earth station, with the exception of the coordination\n                                          under No. 9.19; (WRC-03)\n\n9.18\nn) for any transmitting station of a terrestrial service in the bands referred to in\n                                          No. 9.17 within the coordination area of an earth station, in respect of this earth station,\n                                          with the exception of the coordination under Nos. 9.16 and 9.19; (WRC-2000)\n\n9.19\no) for any transmitting station of a terrestrial service or any transmitting earth station\n                                          in the fixed-satellite service (Earth-to-space) in a frequency band shared on an equal\n                                          primary basis with the broadcasting-satellite service, with respect to typical earth\n                                          stations included in the service area of a space station in the broadcasting-satellite\n                                          service. (WRC-2000)\n\n9.20 Not used;\n\n9.21\np) for any station of a service for which the requirement to seek the agreement of other\n                                          administrations is included in a footnote to the Table of Frequency Allocations referring\n                                          to this provision. (WRC-2000)\n\n9.22 Not used.\n\n9.23 Whenever there is a requirement to effect more than one form of coordination in accordance\n                                          with No. 9.30, the requests shall be appropriately identified by reference to Nos. 9.7 to 9.14 and 9.21, and they shall as far as possible be sent to the Bureau and, where appropriate,\n                                          shall be published simultaneously.\n\n9.24 and 9.25 Not used.\n\n9.26 Coordination may be effected for a satellite network using the information relating\n                                          to the space station, including its service area, and the parameters of one or more\n                                          typical earth stations located in all or part of the service area of the space station.\n                                          Coordination may also be effected for terrestrial stations using the information relating\n                                          to typical terrestrial stations, except for those mentioned in Nos. 11.18 to 11.23.\n\n9.27 Frequency assignments to be taken into account in effecting coordination are identified\n                                          using Appendix 5.\n\n9.28 In the case of requests for coordination under No. 9.29, the requesting administration shall, by applying the calculation method and criteria\n                                          contained in Appendix 5 to those frequency assignments, identify, to the extent possible, the administrations\n                                          with which coordination is to be effected.\n\n9.29 Requests for coordination made under Nos. 9.15 to 9.19 shall be sent by the requesting administration to the identified administrations,\n                                          together with the appropriate information listed in Appendix 4 to these Regulations.\n\n9.30 Requests for coordination made under Nos. 9.7 to 9.14 and 9.21 shall be sent by the requesting administration to the Bureau, together with the appropriate\n                                          information listed in Appendix 4 to these Regulations.\n\n9.31 The information sent under No. 9.29 shall also, in the cases covered by Nos. 9.15, 9.17 or 9.17A, include a copy of diagrams drawn to appropriate scale indicating, for both transmission\n                                          and reception, the location of the earth station and its associated coordination area,\n                                          or the coordination area related to the service area in which it is intended to operate\n                                          the mobile earth station, and the data on which the diagrams are based. In respect\n                                          of terrestrial stations, in the cases covered by Nos. 9.16, 9.18 and 9.19 the information shall include the locations of terrestrial stations within the coordination\n                                          area of the relevant earth station.\n\n9.32 If the responsible administration concludes that coordination is not required under\n                                          Nos. 9.7 to 9.7B, it shall send the relevant information pursuant to Appendix 4 to the Bureau for action under No. 9.34. (WRC-2000)\n\n9.32A If the responsible administration, following the application of Nos. 9.15 to 9.19, concludes that coordination is not required, it may send the relevant information\n                                          pursuant to Appendix 4 to the Bureau for action under Section I of Article 11.\n\n9.33 If for any reason an administration cannot act in accordance with No. 9.29, it shall seek the assistance of the Bureau. The Bureau shall then send the request\n                                          for coordination to the administration concerned and take any necessary further action\n                                          as appropriate under Nos. 9.45 and 9.46.\n\n9.34 On receipt of the complete information sent under No. 9.30 or No. 9.32 the Bureau shall promptly:\n\n9.35\na) examine that information with respect to its conformity with No. 11.3157; (WRC-19)\n\n9.36\nb) identify in accordance with No. 9.27 any administration with which coordination may need to be effected58,\u00a059; (WRC-19)\n\n9.37\nc) include their names in the publication under No. 9.38;\n\n9.38\nd) publish60, as appropriate, the complete information in the BR IFIC within four months. Where\n                                          the Bureau is not in a position to comply with the time-limit referred to above, it\n                                          shall periodically so inform the administrations, giving the reasons therefor. (WRC-2000)\n\n9.39 Not used;\n\n9.40\ne) inform the administrations concerned of its actions and communicate the results of\n                                          its calculations, drawing attention to the relevant BR IFIC.\n\n9.40A If the information is found to be incomplete, the Bureau shall immediately seek from\n                                          the administration concerned any clarification required and information not provided.\n\n9.41 Following receipt of the BR IFIC referring to requests for coordination under Nos.\n                                          9.7 to 9.7B, an administration believing that it, or any of its satellite networks not identified\n                                          under No. 9.36.2, should have been included in the request, or the initiating administration believing\n                                          that an administration, or any of the satellite networks identified under No. 9.36.2, in accordance with the provisions of No. 9.7 (GSO/GSO) (items 1) to 8) of the frequency band column), No. 9.7A (GSO earth station/non-GSO system) or No. 9.7B (non-GSO system/GSO earth station) of Table 5-1\u00a0of Appendix 5 should not have been included in the request, shall, within four months of the date\n                                          of publication of the relevant BR IFIC, inform the initiating administration or the\n                                          identified administration, as appropriate, and the Bureau, giving its technical reasons\n                                          for doing so, and shall request that its name, or the name of any of its satellite\n                                          networks not identified under No. 9.36.2, be included, or that the name of the identified administration, or any of its satellite\n                                          networks identified under No. 9.36.2, be excluded, as appropriate. (WRC-12)\n\n9.42 The Bureau shall study this information on the basis of Appendix 5 and shall inform both administrations of its conclusions. Should the Bureau agree\n                                          to include or exclude, as appropriate, an administration and/or a satellite network\n                                          in the request, it shall publish a Special Section, indicating the list of administrations\n                                          and associated satellite networks with which coordination needs to be effected61. (WRC-12)\n\n9.43 Those administrations not responding under No. 9.41 within the time limit specified therein shall be regarded as unaffected and the provisions\n                                          of Nos. 9.48 and 9.49 shall apply.\n\n9.44 The administration requesting coordination and those with which it is requested,\n                                          or the Bureau when acting pursuant to No. 7.6, may request any additional information they consider necessary.\n\nSub-Section IIB \u2212 Acknowledgement of receipt of a request for coordination\n\n9.45 An administration receiving a request for coordination under No. 9.29 shall, within 30\u00a0days from the date of the request, acknowledge receipt by telegram\n                                          to the requesting administration. In the absence of an acknowledgement of receipt\n                                          of its request within the 30\u00a0days, the requesting administration shall send a telegram\n                                          requesting an acknowledgement.\n\n9.46 If there is no acknowledgement of receipt within 15\u00a0days of its second request sent\n                                          under No. 9.45, the requesting administration may seek the assistance of the Bureau. In this event,\n                                          the Bureau shall forthwith send a telegram to the administration which has failed\n                                          to reply requesting an immediate acknowledgement.\n\n9.47 If there is no acknowledgement of receipt within 30\u00a0days after the Bureau\u2019s action\n                                          under No. 9.46, the Bureau shall immediately send a reminder providing an additional 15-day period\n                                          for the response. In the absence of such an acknowledgement within 15\u00a0days, it shall\n                                          be deemed that the administration which has failed to acknowledge receipt has undertaken:\n                                          (WRC-15)\n\n9.48\na) that no complaint will be made in respect of any harmful interference affecting its\n                                          own assignments which may be caused by the assignment for which coordination was requested;\n                                          and\n\n9.49\nb) that the use of its own assignments will not cause harmful interference to the assignment\n                                          for which coordination was requested.\n\nSub-Section IIC \u2212 Action upon a request for coordination\n\n9.50 An administration having received a request for coordination under Nos. 9.7 to 9.21, or having been included in the procedure following action under No. 9.41, shall promptly examine the matter with regard to interference which may be caused\n                                          to or, in certain cases, by its own assignments62, identified in accordance with Appendix 563,\u00a064. (WRC-15)\n\n9.51 Following its action under No. 9.50, the administration with which coordination was sought under Nos. 9.7 to 9.7B shall, within four months of the date of publication of the BR IFIC under No. 9.38, either inform the requesting administration and the Bureau of its agreement or act\n                                          under No. 9.52. (WRC-2000)\n\n9.51A Following its action under No. 9.50, the administration with which coordination was sought under Nos. 9.15 to 9.19 shall, within four months of the date of dispatch of the coordination data under\n                                          No. 9.29, either inform the requesting administration of its agreement or act under No. 9.52.\n\n9.52 If an administration, following its action under No. 9.50, does not agree to the request for coordination, it shall, within four months of\n                                          the date of publication of the BR IFIC under No. 9.38, or of the date of dispatch of the coordination data under No. 9.29, inform the requesting administration of its disagreement65 and shall provide information concerning its own assignments upon which that disagreement\n                                          is based. It shall also make such suggestions as it is able to offer with a view to\n                                          satisfactory resolution of the matter. A copy of that information shall be sent to\n                                          the Bureau. Where the information relates to terrestrial stations or earth stations\n                                          operating in the opposite direction of transmission within the coordination area of\n                                          an earth station, only that information relating to existing radiocommunication stations\n                                          or to those to be brought into use within the next three months for terrestrial stations,\n                                          or three years for earth stations, shall be treated as notifications under Nos. 11.2 or 11.9. (WRC-15)\n\n9.52A In the case of coordination requested under No. 9.14, on receipt of the Special Section of the BR IFIC referred to in No. 9.38, and within the same four-month period from the publication of that Special Section,\n                                          an administration in need of assistance may inform the Bureau that it has existing\n                                          or planned terrestrial stations which might be affected by the planned satellite network,\n                                          and may request the Bureau to determine the need for coordination by applying the\n                                          Appendix 5 criteria. The Bureau shall inform the administration seeking coordination of this\n                                          request, indicating the date by which it may be able to provide the results of its\n                                          analysis. When these results are available, the Bureau shall inform both administrations.\n                                          This request shall be considered as a disagreement, pending the results of the analysis\n                                          by the Bureau of the need for coordination.\n\n9.52B When an agreement on coordination is reached, the administration responsible for\n                                          the terrestrial stations or the earth station operating in the opposite direction\n                                          of transmission may send to the Bureau the information concerning those stations covered\n                                          by the agreement which are intended to be notified under Nos. 11.2 or 11.9. The Bureau shall consider as notifications only that information relating to existing\n                                          terrestrial or earth stations operating in the opposite direction of transmission\n                                          or to those to be brought into use within the next three years.\n\n9.52C For coordination requests under Nos. 9.11 to 9.14 and 9.21, an administration not responding under No. 9.52 within the same four-month period shall be regarded as unaffected and, in the cases\n                                          of Nos. 9.11 to 9.14, the provisions of Nos. 9.48 and 9.49 shall apply. Furthermore, for coordination under Nos. 9.12, 9.12A and 9.13, any satellite networks or systems identified under No. 9.36.1 but not confirmed in the response provided by the administration under No. 9.52 within the same four-month period shall be regarded as unaffected and the provisions\n                                          of Nos. 9.48 and 9.49 shall also apply. (WRC-19)\n\n9.52D For coordination requests under Nos. 9.12 to 9.14, forty-five days prior to the expiry of the same four-month period the Bureau shall\n                                          dispatch a circular-telegram to all administrations, bringing the matter to their\n                                          attention. Upon receipt of the aforementioned circular- telegram, an administration\n                                          shall acknowledge receipt immediately by telegram. If no acknowledgement is received\n                                          within thirty days, the Bureau shall dispatch a telegram requesting acknowledgement,\n                                          to which the receiving administration shall reply within a further period of fifteen\n                                          days.\n\n9.53 Thereafter, the requesting and responding administrations shall make every possible\n                                          mutual effort to overcome the difficulties, in a manner acceptable to the parties\n                                          concerned.\n\n9.53A Upon expiry of the deadline for comments in respect of a coordination request under\n                                          Nos. 9.11 to 9.14 and 9.21, the Bureau shall, according to its records, publish a Special Section, indicating\n                                          the list of administrations having submitted their disagreement and the list of satellite\n                                          networks or systems upon which this disagreement is based, as appropriate, or other\n                                          comments within the regulatory deadline. (WRC-19)\n\n9.54 Either the administration seeking coordination or one whose assignments may be affected\n                                          thereby may request additional information which it may require in order to assess\n                                          the interference to its own assignments or to assist in resolving the matter.\n\n9.55 All administrations may use correspondence, any appropriate means of telecommunication\n                                          or meetings, as necessary, to assist in resolving the matter. The results thereof\n                                          shall be communicated to the Bureau, which shall publish them in the BR IFIC, as appropriate.\n\n9.56 and 9.57 Not used.\n\n9.58 An administration which has initiated coordination, as well as any administration\n                                          with which coordination is sought, shall communicate to the Bureau any modifications\n                                          to the published characteristics of their respective networks that were required to\n                                          reach agreement on the coordination. The Bureau shall publish this information in\n                                          accordance with No. 9.38, indicating that these modifications resulted from the joint effort of the administrations\n                                          concerned to reach agreement on coordination and that, for this reason, they should\n                                          be given special consideration. These modifications may involve the application of\n                                          Sub-Section IIA of Article 9 with respect to other administrations.\n\n9.59 If there is disagreement between the administration seeking coordination and an administration\n                                          with which coordination is sought concerning the level of acceptable interference,\n                                          either may seek the assistance of the Bureau; in such a case, it shall provide the\n                                          necessary information to enable the Bureau to endeavour to effect such coordination.\n\nSub-Section IID \u2212 Action in the event of no reply, no decision or disagreement on\n                                          a request for coordination\n\n9.60 If, within the same four-month period specified in Nos. 9.51 or 9.51A, an administration with which coordination is sought under Nos. 9.7 to 9.7B and 9.15 to 9.19 fails to reply or to give a decision under Nos. 9.51 or 9.51A or, following its disagreement under No. 9.52, fails to provide information concerning its own assignments on which its disagreement\n                                          is based, the requesting administration may seek the assistance of the Bureau. (WRC-2000)\n\n9.61 The Bureau, acting on a request for assistance under No. 9.60, shall forthwith request the administration concerned to give an early decision in\n                                          the matter or provide the relevant information.\n\n9.62 If the administration concerned fails to respond within 30\u00a0days of the Bureau\u2019s action\n                                          under No. 9.61, the Bureau shall immediately send a reminder providing an additional 15-day period\n                                          for the response. If the administration still fails to respond after the Bureau\u2019s\n                                          reminder within the 15\u00a0days, the provisions of Nos. 9.48 and 9.49 shall apply. (WRC-15)\n\n9.63 If there is continuing disagreement, or if any administration involved in the matter\n                                          has requested the assistance of the Bureau, the Bureau shall seek any necessary information\n                                          to enable it to assess the interference. It shall communicate its conclusions to the\n                                          administrations involved.\n\n9.64 If the disagreement remains unresolved after the Bureau has communicated its conclusions\n                                          to the administrations involved, the administration which requested coordination shall,\n                                          having regard to the other provisions of this Section, defer the submission of its\n                                          notice of frequency assignments under Article 11 to the Bureau for six months from the date of the request or the BR IFIC containing\n                                          the request for coordination, as appropriate.\n\n9.65 If, at the date of receipt of a notice under No. 9.64 above, the Bureau has been informed of a continuing disagreement, the Bureau shall\n                                          examine the notice under Nos. 11.32A or 11.3366 and shall act in accordance with No. 11.38.\n\n(Number not used)\n\n68)\nA.11.1 See also Appendices 30 and 30A as appropriate, for the notification and recording of:\n\na) frequency assignments to stations in the broadcasting-satellite service in the frequency\n                                          bands 11.7-12.2\u00a0GHz (in Region 3), 11.7-12.5\u00a0GHz (in Region 1) and 12.2-12.7\u00a0GHz (in\n                                          Region 2);\n\nb) frequency assignments to stations in other services to which the frequency bands\n                                          referred to in \u00a7 a) above are allocated in the same Region or in another Region, so far as their relationship\n                                          to the broadcasting-satellite service is concerned, in the frequency bands 11.7-12.2\u00a0GHz\n                                          (in Region 3), 11.7-12.5\u00a0GHz (in Region 1) and 12.2-12.7\u00a0GHz (in Region 2);\n\nc) frequency assignments to feeder-link stations in the fixed-satellite service (Earth-to-space)\n                                          in the frequency bands 14.5-14.8\u00a0GHz in Region 1\u00a0(see No. 5.510) and in Region 3, 17.3-18.1\u00a0GHz in Regions 1\u00a0and 3\u00a0and 17.3-17.8\u00a0GHz in Region 2,\n                                          and to stations in other services in these bands;\n\nd) frequency assignments to stations in the same service or other services to which\n                                          the frequency bands referred to in \u00a7\u00a0c) above are allocated in the same Region or\n                                          in another Region, so far as their relationship to the fixed-satellite service (Earth-to-space)\n                                          in these bands is concerned.\n\nFor the broadcasting-satellite service in Region 2\u00a0and for feeder links in the fixed-satellite\n                                          service for the broadcasting-satellite service in Region 2, Resolution 42\u00a0(Rev.Orb-88)* is also applicable.\n\nSee also Appendix 30B for the notification and recording of assignments in the following frequency bands:\n\n*\nNote by the Secretariat: This Resolution was revised by WRC-03, WRC-12, WRC-15\u00a0and WRC-19.\u00a067,\u00a068,\u00a069,\u00a070,\u00a071,\u00a072\n\n(WRC-19)\n\nSection I \u2212 Notification\n\n11.1 The expression \u201cfrequency assignment\u201d, wherever it appears in this Article, shall\n                                          be understood to refer either to a new frequency assignment or to a change in an assignment\n                                          already recorded in the Master International Frequency Register (hereinafter called\n                                          the Master Register).\n\n11.2 Any frequency assignment to a transmitting station and to its associated receiving\n                                          stations except for those mentioned in Nos. 11.13 and 11.14 shall be notified to the Bureau:\n\n11.3\na) if the use of that assignment is capable of causing harmful interference to any service\n                                          of another administration; or\n\n11.3A (SUP \u2013 WRC-07)\n\n11.4\nb) if that assignment is to be used for international radiocommunication; or\n\n11.5\nc) if that assignment is subject to a world or regional frequency allotment or assignment\n                                          plan which does not have its own notification procedure; or\n\n11.6\nd) if that assignment is subject to the coordination procedure of Article 9 or is involved in such a case; or\n\n11.7\ne) if it is desired to obtain international recognition for that assignment; or\n\n11.8\nf) if it is a non-conforming assignment under No. 8.4 and if the administration wishes to have it recorded for information.\n\n11.9 Similar notification shall be made for a frequency assignment to a receiving earth\n                                          station or space station, or to a receiving high-altitude platform station in the\n                                          fixed service using the frequency bands mentioned in Nos. 5.457, 5.534A, 5.543B, 5.550D and 5.552A or to a land station for reception from mobile stations, when: (WRC-19)\n\n11.10\na) any of the conditions in Nos. 11.4, 11.5 or 11.7 apply to the receiving station; or\n\n11.11\nb) any of the conditions in No. 11.2 apply to the associated transmitting station.\n\n11.12 Any frequency to be used for reception by a particular radio astronomy station may\n                                          be notified if it is desired that such data be included in the Master Register.\n\n11.13 Assignments involving specific frequencies which are prescribed by these Regulations\n                                          for common use by terrestrial stations of a given service shall not be notified. They\n                                          shall be entered in the Master Register and a consolidated table shall also be published\n                                          in the Preface to the International Frequency Information Circular (BR IFIC). (WRC-19)\n\n11.14 Frequency assignments to ship stations and to mobile stations of other services,\n                                          to stations in the amateur service, to earth stations in the amateur-satellite service,\n                                          and those to broadcasting stations in the high-frequency bands allocated to the broadcasting\n                                          service between 5\u00a0900\u00a0kHz and 26\u00a0100\u00a0kHz which are subject to Article 12 shall not be notified under this Article.\n\n11.15 When notifying a frequency assignment, the administration73 shall provide the relevant characteristics listed in Appendix 4. (WRC-07)\n\n11.16 Not used.\n\n11.17 Frequency assignments relating to a number of stations or earth stations may be notified\n                                          in the form of the characteristics of a typical station or a typical earth station\n                                          and the intended geographical area of operation. Except for mobile earth stations,\n                                          individual notices of frequency assignments are however necessary in the following\n                                          cases (see also No. 11.14):\n\n11.18\na) stations covered by the Allotment Plans in Appendices 25, 26 and 27;\n\n11.19\nb) broadcasting stations;\n\n11.20\nc) terrestrial stations within the coordination area of an earth station;74\n\n11.21\nd) any terrestrial stations in bands shared with space services which exceed the limits\n                                          specified in Tables 8a, 8b, 8c and 8d of Appendix 7 and in No. 21.3;75\n\n11.21A\ne) any terrestrial stations in bands listed in Table 21-2;76\n\n11.21B\nf) any terrestrial station in bands referred to in a footnote which includes a reference\n                                          to No. 9.21, if it pertains to a service which is subject to the application of the procedure\n                                          for seeking agreement under No. 9.21; (WRC-03)\n\n11.22\ng) earth stations whose coordination area includes the territory of another administration,\n                                          or where the earth station is located within the coordination area of an earth station\n                                          operating in the opposite direction of transmission;77,\u00a078 (WRC-03)\n\n11.23\nh) earth stations whose interference potential is greater than that of a coordinated\n                                          typical earth station.79 (WRC-03)\n\n11.24 Notices relating to assignments to stations of terrestrial services, except for those\n                                          referred to in Nos. 11.25, 11.26 or 11.26A, shall reach the Bureau not earlier than three months before the assignments are\n                                          brought into use. (WRC-03)\n\n11.25 Notices relating to assignments to stations in space services, and to terrestrial\n                                          stations involved in coordination with a satellite network, shall reach the Bureau\n                                          not earlier than three years before the assignments are brought into use.\n\n11.26 Notices relating to assignments for high-altitude platform stations in the fixed\n                                          service in the frequency bands identified in Nos. 5.457, 5.537A, 5.530E, 5.532AA, 5.534A, 5.543B, 5.550D and 5.552A shall reach the Bureau not earlier than five years before the assignments are brought\n                                          into use. (WRC-19)\n\n11.26A Notices relating to assignments for high altitude platform stations operating as\n                                          base stations to provide IMT in the bands identified in 5.388A shall reach the Bureau not earlier than three years before the assignments are brought\n                                          into use. (WRC-03)\n\nSection II \u2212 Examination of notices and recording of frequency assignments in the\n                                          Master Register\n\n11.27 Notices not containing those characteristics specified in Appendix 4 as mandatory or required shall be returned with comments to help the notifying administration\n                                          to complete and resubmit them, unless the information not provided is immediately\n                                          forthcoming in response to an inquiry by the Bureau.\n\n11.28 Complete notices shall be marked by the Bureau with their date of receipt and shall\n                                          be examined in the date order of their receipt. On receipt of a complete notice the\n                                          Bureau shall, within no more than two months, publish its contents, with any diagrams\n                                          and maps and the date of receipt, in the BR IFIC which shall constitute the acknowledgement\n                                          to the notifying administration of receipt of its notice80. When the Bureau is not in a position to comply with the time limit referred to above,\n                                          it shall periodically so inform the administrations, giving the reasons therefor.\n                                          (WRC-12)\n\n11.29 The Bureau shall not postpone the formulation of a finding on a complete notice unless\n                                          it lacks sufficient data to reach a conclusion thereon. Moreover, the Bureau shall\n                                          not act upon any notice having a technical bearing on an earlier notice which is still\n                                          under consideration by the Bureau until it has reached a finding with respect to the\n                                          earlier notice.\n\n11.30 Each notice shall be examined:\n\n11.31\na) with respect to its conformity with the Table of Frequency Allocations81 and the other provisions82 of these Regulations, except those relating to conformity with the procedures for\n                                          obtaining coordination or the probability of harmful interference, or those relating\n                                          to conformity with a plan, as appropriate, which are the subject of the following\n                                          sub-paragraphs;83\n\n11.32\nb) with respect to its conformity with the procedures relating to coordination with\n                                          other administrations applicable to the radiocommunication service and the frequency\n                                          band concerned; or\n\n11.32A\nc) with respect to the probability of harmful interference that may be caused to or\n                                          by assignments recorded with a favourable finding under Nos. 11.36 and 11.37 or 11.38, or recorded in application of No. 11.41, or published under Nos. 9.38 or 9.58 but not yet notified, as appropriate, for those cases for which the notifying administration\n                                          states that the procedure for coordination under Nos. 9.7, 9.7A, 9.7B, 9.11, 9.12, 9.12A, 9.13 or 9.14, could not be successfully completed (see also No. 9.65);84,\u00a085 or (WRC-15)\n\n11.33\nd) with respect to the probability of harmful interference that may be caused to or\n                                          by other assignments recorded with a favourable finding in application of Nos. 11.36 and 11.37 or 11.38 or in application of No. 11.41, as appropriate, for those cases for which the notifying administration states that\n                                          the procedure for coordination or prior agreement under Nos. 9.1586, 9.1687\u00a09.1788\u00a09.17A or 9.1889 could not be successfully completed (see also No. 9.65);90 or (WRC-2000)\n\n11.34\ne) where appropriate, with respect to its conformity with a world or regional allotment\n                                          or assignment plan and the associated provisions.\n\n11.35 In cases where the Bureau is not in a position to conduct the examination under No.\n                                          11.32A or 11.33, the Bureau shall immediately inform the notifying administration, which may then\n                                          resubmit its notice under No. 11.41, under the assumption that the finding under No. 11.32A or 11.33 is unfavourable. (WRC-2000)\n\n11.36 When the examination with respect to No. 11.31 leads to a favourable finding, the assignment shall be recorded in the Master Register\n                                          or examined further with respect to Nos. 11.32 to 11.34, as appropriate. When the finding with respect to No. 11.31 is unfavourable, the assignment shall be recorded in the Master Register for information\n                                          purposes and subject to application of No. 8.5, only if the administration undertakes that it will be operated in accordance with\n                                          No. 4.4; otherwise the notice shall be returned with an indication of the appropriate action.\n\n11.37 When the examination with respect to No. 11.32 leads to a favourable finding, the assignment shall be recorded in the Master Register\n                                          indicating the administrations with which the coordination procedure has been completed91,\u00a092. When the finding is unfavourable, the notice shall be returned to the notifying\n                                          administration, with an indication of the appropriate action, if Nos. 11.32A or 11.33 do not apply. (WRC-12)\n\n11.38 When the examination with respect to Nos. 11.32A or 11.33 leads to a favourable finding, the assignment shall be recorded in the Master Register\n                                          indicating the names of the administrations with which coordination was completed\n                                          and those with which it was not completed but in respect of which the finding was\n                                          favourable. When the finding is unfavourable, the notice shall be returned with an\n                                          indication of the appropriate action.\n\n11.39 When the examination with respect to No. 11.34 leads to a favourable finding, the assignment shall be recorded in the Master Register.\n                                          When the finding is unfavourable, the notice shall be returned to the notifying administration,\n                                          with an indication of the appropriate action. However, notices under Appendices 25, 26 or 27 which are in accordance with the technical principles of the relevant appendix but\n                                          not with the associated allotment plan shall be treated as follows: (WRC-03)\n\n11.39A In the case of a notice in conformity with the technical principles of Appendix 27, but not in conformity with the Allotment Plan, the Bureau shall examine whether\n                                          the protection specified in Appendix 27 is afforded to the allotments in the Plan and to assignments already recorded in\n                                          the Master Register with a favourable finding.\n\n11.39B When the examination under No. 11.39A leads to a favourable finding, the assignment shall be recorded in the Master Register.\n                                          When the finding is unfavourable, the assignment shall be recorded in the Master Register\n                                          with a symbol indicating that it shall cause no harmful interference to any frequency\n                                          assignment which is either in conformity with the Allotment Plan or recorded in the\n                                          Master Register with a favourable finding with respect to No. 11.39A.\n\n11.39C A notice in conformity with the technical principles of Appendix 26, but not in conformity with the Allotment Plan, shall be examined with respect to\n                                          the allotments in Part III of Appendix 26.\n\n11.39D When the examination under No. 11.39C leads to a favourable finding, the assignment shall be recorded in the Master Register.\n                                          When the finding is unfavourable, the assignment shall be recorded in the Master Register\n                                          with a symbol indicating that it shall cause no harmful interference to any frequency\n                                          assignment which is either in conformity with the Allotment Plan or recorded in the\n                                          Master Register with a favourable finding with respect to No. 11.39C.\n\n11.39E In the case of a notice not in conformity with the Allotment Plan of Appendix 25, the assignment may be recorded provisionally in the Master Register on the condition\n                                          that the administration has initiated the procedure of Appendix 25 in accordance with \u00a7 25/1.23\u00a0of Section I of Appendix 25.\n\n11.39F A notice which is not in conformity with the technical principles of Appendices 25, 26 or 27, as applicable, shall be returned to the notifying administration, unless the administration\n                                          undertakes that it will be operated in accordance with No. 4.4; in such a case the assignment shall be recorded in the Master Register for information\n                                          purposes and subject to application of No. 8.5. (WRC-03)\n\n11.40 Not used.\n\n11.41 After a notice is returned under No. 11.38, should the notifying administration resubmit the notice93 and insist upon its reconsideration, the Bureau shall enter the assignment in the\n                                          Master Register with an indication of those administrations whose assignments were\n                                          the basis of the unfavourable finding (see also No. 11.42 below). (WRC-12)\n\n11.41A Should the assignments that were the basis of the unfavourable finding under Nos.\n                                          11.32A or 11.33 not be brought into use within the period specified in Nos. 11.24, 11.25 or 11.44, as appropriate, then the finding of the assignments resubmitted under No. 11.41 shall be reviewed accordingly.\n\n11.41B Should the coordination procedure specified in No. 11.32 be completed with an administration whose assignments were the basis for the recording\n                                          made under No. 11.41, then, based on the updated information sent by the notifying administration, the\n                                          relevant remarks or indications relating to assignments for which an unfavourable\n                                          finding led to their recording under No. 11.41 shall be removed. (WRC-12)\n\n11.42 Should harmful interference actually be caused by an assignment recorded under No.\n                                          11.41 to any recorded assignment which was the basis of the unfavourable finding, the administration\n                                          responsible for the station using the frequency assignment recorded under No. 11.41 shall, upon receipt of a report providing the particulars relating to the harmful\n                                          interference94, immediately eliminate this harmful interference. (WRC-12)\n\n11.42A In applying No. 11.42 with respect to satellite networks, administrations involved shall cooperate in the\n                                          elimination of harmful interference and may request the assistance of the Bureau,\n                                          and shall exchange relevant technical and operational information required to resolve\n                                          the issue. Should any administration involved in the matter inform the Bureau that\n                                          all efforts to resolve the harmful interference have failed, the Bureau shall immediately\n                                          inform other involved administrations and prepare a report, together with all necessary\n                                          supporting documents (including comments from the administrations involved), for the\n                                          next meeting of the Board for its consideration and any required action (including\n                                          the possible cancellation of the assignment recorded under No. 11.41), as appropriate. The Bureau shall thereafter implement the decision of the Board\n                                          and inform the administrations concerned. (WRC-12)\n\n11.43 In every case when a new assignment is recorded in the Master Register it shall,\n                                          in accordance with the provisions of Article 8 of this Chapter, include an indication of the finding reflecting the status of the\n                                          assignment. This information shall also be published in the BR IFIC.\n\n11.43A A notice of a change in the characteristics of an assignment already recorded, as\n                                          specified in Appendix 4, shall be examined by the Bureau under Nos. 11.31 to 11.34, as appropriate. Any change to the characteristics of an assignment that has been\n                                          recorded and confirmed as having been brought into use shall be brought into use within\n                                          five years from the date of the notification of the modification. Any change to the\n                                          characteristics of an assignment that has been recorded but not yet brought into use\n                                          shall be brought into use within the period provided for in No. 11.44. (WRC-07)\n\n11.43B In the case of a change in the characteristics of an assignment which is in conformity\n                                          with No. 11.31, should the Bureau reach a favourable finding with respect to Nos. 11.32 to 11.34, as appropriate, or find that the changes do not increase the probability of harmful\n                                          interference to assignments already recorded, the amended assignment shall retain\n                                          the original date of entry in the Master Register. The date of receipt by the Bureau\n                                          of the notice relating to the change shall be entered in the Master Register.\n\n11.43C Where the notifying administration resubmits the notice and the Bureau finds that\n                                          the coordination procedures specified in No. 11.32 have been successfully completed with all administrations whose space or terrestrial\n                                          radiocommunication stations may be affected, the assignment shall be recorded in the\n                                          Master Register. The date of receipt by the Bureau of the original notice shall be\n                                          entered in the appropriate column of the Master Register. The date of receipt by the\n                                          Bureau of the resubmitted notice shall be entered in the \u201cRemarks\u201d column.\n\n11.43D Where the notifying administration resubmits the notice with a request that the Bureau\n                                          effect the required coordination under Nos. 9.7 to 9.19, the Bureau shall take the necessary action in accordance with the relevant provisions\n                                          of Articles 9 and 11, as appropriate. However, in any subsequent recording of the assignment, the date\n                                          of receipt by the Bureau of the resubmitted notice shall be entered in the \u201cRemarks\u201d\n                                          column.\n\n11.44 The notified date95,\u00a096,\u00a097 of bringing into use of any frequency assignment to a space station of a satellite\n                                          network or system shall be not later than seven years following the date of receipt\n                                          by the Bureau of the relevant complete information under No. 9.1 or 9.2 in the case of satellite networks or systems not subject to Section II of Article\n                                          9 or under No. 9.1A in the case of satellite networks or systems subject to Section II of Article 9. Any frequency assignment not brought into use within the required period shall be\n                                          cancelled by the Bureau after having informed the administration at least three months\n                                          before the expiry of this period. (WRC-19)\n\n11.44A A notice not conforming to No. 11.44 shall be returned to the notifying administration with a recommendation to restart\n                                          the advance publication procedure.\n\n11.44B A frequency assignment to a space station in the geostationary-satellite orbit shall\n                                          be considered as having been brought into use when a space station in the geostationary-satellite\n                                          orbit with the capability of transmitting or receiving that frequency assignment has\n                                          been deployed and maintained at the notified orbital position for a continuous period\n                                          of 90\u00a0days. The notifying administration shall so inform the Bureau within 30\u00a0days\n                                          from the end of the 90-day period98,\u00a099. On receipt of the information sent under this provision, the Bureau shall make that\n                                          information available on the ITU website as soon as possible and shall publish it\n                                          in the BR IFIC. Resolution 40\u00a0(Rev.WRC-19) shall apply. (WRC-19)\n\n11.44C A frequency assignment to a space station in a non-geostationary-satellite orbit\n                                          network or system in the fixed-satellite service, the mobile-satellite service or\n                                          the broadcasting- satellite service shall be considered as having been brought into\n                                          use when a space station with the capability of transmitting or receiving that frequency\n                                          assignment has been deployed and maintained on one of the notified orbital plane(s)100 of the non-geostationary satellite network or system for a continuous period of 90\u00a0days,\n                                          irrespective of the notified number of orbital planes and satellites per orbital plane\n                                          in the network or system. The notifying administration shall so inform the Bureau\n                                          within 30\u00a0days from the end of the 90-day period101,\u00a0102,\u00a0103. On receipt of the information sent under this provision, the Bureau shall make that\n                                          information available on the ITU website as soon as possible and shall publish it\n                                          in the BR IFIC subsequently. (WRC-19)\n\n11.44D A frequency assignment to a space station in a non-geostationary satellite orbit\n                                          network or system with \u201cEarth\u201d as the reference body, other than a frequency assignment\n                                          to which No. 11.44C applies, shall be considered as having been brought into use when a space station\n                                          with the capability of transmitting or receiving that frequency assignment has been\n                                          deployed on one of the notified orbital plane(s)104 of the non-geostationary satellite network or system, irrespective of the notified\n                                          number of orbital planes and satellites per orbital plane in the network or system.\n                                          The notifying administration shall so inform the Bureau as soon as possible, but not\n                                          later than 30\u00a0days after the end of the period referred to in No. 11.44.105,106 On receipt of the information sent under this provision, the Bureau shall make that\n                                          information available on the ITU website as soon as possible and shall publish it\n                                          in the BR IFIC subsequently. (WRC-19)\n\n11.44E A frequency assignment to a space station with a reference body that is not \u201cEarth\u201d\n                                          shall be considered as having been brought into use when the notifying administration\n                                          informs the Bureau that a space station with the capability of transmitting or receiving\n                                          that frequency assignment has been deployed in accordance with the notification information.\n                                          The notifying administration shall so inform the Bureau as soon as possible, but not\n                                          later than 30\u00a0days after the end of the period referred to in No. 11.44.107 On receipt of the information sent under this provision, the Bureau shall make that\n                                          information available on the ITU website as soon as possible and shall publish it\n                                          in the BR IFIC subsequently. (WRC-19)\n\n11.44F (SUP \u2013 WRC-03)\n\n11.44G (SUP \u2013 WRC-03)\n\n11.44H (SUP \u2013 WRC-03)\n\n11.44I (SUP \u2013 WRC-03)\n\n11.45 The notified date of bringing into use of an assignment to a terrestrial station\n                                          will be extended at the request of the notifying administration by not more than six\n                                          months.\n\n11.46 In applying the provisions of this Article, any resubmitted notice which is received\n                                          by the Bureau more than six months after the date on which the original notice was\n                                          returned by the Bureau shall be considered to be a new notification with a new date\n                                          of receipt108. For frequency assignments to a space station, should the new date of receipt of\n                                          such a notice not comply with the period specified in No. 11.44.1 or No. 11.43A, as appropriate, the notice shall be returned to the notifying administration in\n                                          the case of No. 11.44.1, and the notice shall be examined as a new notice of a change in the characteristics\n                                          of an assignment already recorded with a new date of receipt in the case of No. 11.43A. The Bureau shall appropriately reflect the resubmission on the ITU website within\n                                          30\u00a0days of receipt. (WRC-19)\n\n11.47 All frequency assignments notified in advance of their being brought into use shall\n                                          be entered provisionally in the Master Register. Any frequency assignment to a space\n                                          station provisionally recorded under this provision shall be brought into use no later\n                                          than the end of the period provided under No. 11.44. Any other frequency assignment provisionally recorded under this provision shall\n                                          be brought into use by the date specified in the notice, or by the end of the extension\n                                          period granted under No. 11.45, as the case may be. Unless the Bureau has been informed by the notifying administration\n                                          of the bringing into use of the assignment, it shall, no later than fifteen days before\n                                          either the notified date of bringing into use, in the case of an earth station, or\n                                          the end of the regulatory period established under No. 11.44 or No. 11.45, as appropriate, send a reminder requesting confirmation that the assignment has\n                                          been brought into use within that regulatory period. If the Bureau does not receive\n                                          that confirmation within thirty days following the notified date of bringing into\n                                          use, in the case of an earth station, or the period provided under No. 11.44 or No. 11.45, as the case may be, it shall cancel the entry in the Master Register. The Bureau\n                                          shall, however, inform the administration concerned before taking such action. (WRC-07)\n\n11.48 If, after the expiry of the period of seven years from the date of receipt of the\n                                          relevant complete information referred to in No. 9.1 or 9.2 in the case of satellite networks or systems not subject to Section II of Article\n                                          9 or in No. 9.1A in the case of satellite networks or systems subject to Section II of Article 9, the administration responsible for the satellite network has not brought the frequency\n                                          assignments to stations of the network into use, or has not submitted the first notice\n                                          for recording of the frequency assignments under No. 11.15, or, where required, has not provided the due diligence information pursuant to Resolution\n                                          49\u00a0(Rev.WRC-19), as appropriate, the corresponding information published under Nos. 9.1A, 9.2B and 9.38, as appropriate, shall be cancelled, but only after the administration concerned\n                                          has been informed at least six months before the expiry date referred to in Nos. 11.44 and 11.44.1 and, where required, \u00a7 10\u00a0of Annex 1\u00a0of Resolution 49\u00a0(Rev.WRC-19)109. (WRC-19)\n\n11.49 Wherever the use of a recorded frequency assignment to a space station of a satellite\n                                          network or to all space stations of a non-geostationary-satellite system is suspended\n                                          for a period exceeding six months, the notifying administration shall inform the Bureau\n                                          of the date on which such use was suspended. When the recorded assignment is brought\n                                          back into use, the notifying administration shall, subject to the provisions of Nos.\n                                          11.49.1, 11.49.2, 11.49.3 or 11.49.4, as applicable, so inform the Bureau, as soon as possible. On receipt of the information\n                                          sent under this provision, the Bureau shall make that information available as soon\n                                          as possible on the ITU website and shall publish it in the BR IFIC. The date on which\n                                          the recorded assignment is brought back into use110,\u00a0111,\u00a0112,\u00a0113,\u00a0114 shall be not later than three years from the date on which the use of the frequency\n                                          assignment was suspended, provided that the notifying administration informs the Bureau\n                                          of the suspension within six months from the date on which the use was suspended.\n                                          If the notifying administration informs the Bureau of the suspension more than six\n                                          months after the date on which the use of the frequency assignment was suspended,\n                                          this three-year time period shall be reduced. In this case, the amount by which the\n                                          three-year period shall be reduced shall be equal to the amount of time that has elapsed\n                                          between the end of the six-month period and the date that the Bureau is informed of\n                                          the suspension. If the notifying administration informs the Bureau of the suspension\n                                          more than 21\u00a0months after the date on which the use of the frequency assignment was\n                                          suspended, the frequency assignment shall be cancelled. Ninety days before the end\n                                          of the period of suspension, the Bureau shall send a reminder to the notifying administration.\n                                          If the Bureau does not receive the declaration of the commencement of the bringing\n                                          back into use period within thirty days following the limit date of the period of\n                                          suspension established in accordance with this provision, it shall cancel the entry\n                                          in the Master Register. The Bureau shall, however, inform the administration concerned\n                                          before taking such action. (WRC-19)\n\n11.50 The Bureau shall review periodically the Master Register with the aim of maintaining\n                                          or improving its accuracy, with particular emphasis on the review of the findings\n                                          so as to adjust them to the changing allocation situation after each conference. (WRC-03)\n\nSection III \u2013 Maintenance of the recording of frequency assignments to non-geostationary-\n                                          satellite systems in the Master Register (WRC-19)\n\n11.51 For frequency assignments to some non-geostationary-satellite systems in specific\n                                          frequency bands and services, Resolution 35\u00a0(WRC-19) shall apply. (WRC-19)\n\nSection I \u2212 Introduction\n\n12.1 The use of the frequency bands allocated to high frequency broadcasting (HFBC) between\n                                          5\u00a0900\u00a0kHz and 26\u00a0100\u00a0kHz shall be based on the principles given below and shall be\n                                          in conformity with seasonal planning based on a coordination procedure between administrations\n                                          (referred in this Article as the Procedure) described in 12.2 to 12.45. An administration may authorize a broadcasting organization (referred to in this\n                                          Article as a broadcaster), among others, to act on its behalf in this coordination.\n\nSection II \u2212 Principles\n\n12.2 \u00a7 1\u00a0The Procedure shall be based on the principle of equal rights of all countries,\n                                          large or small, to equitable access to these bands. Attempts shall also be made to\n                                          achieve efficient use of these frequency bands, account being taken of the technical\n                                          and economic constraints that may exist in certain cases. On the basis of the foregoing,\n                                          the following principles shall be applied.\n\n12.3 \u00a7 2\u00a0All broadcasting requirements, formulated by administrations, shall be taken\n                                          into account and treated on an equitable basis, so as to guarantee the equality of\n                                          rights referred to in No. 12.2, and to enable each administration to provide a satisfactory service.\n\n12.4 \u00a7 3\u00a0The Procedure shall be based solely on the broadcasting requirements expected\n                                          to become operational during the schedule period. It shall furthermore be flexible\n                                          in order to take into account new broadcasting requirements and modifications to existing\n                                          broadcasting requirements.\n\n12.5 \u00a7 4\u00a0All broadcasting requirements, national115 and international, shall be treated on an equal basis, with due consideration of\n                                          the differences between these two kinds of broadcasting requirements.\n\n12.6 \u00a7 5\u00a0In the Procedure, an attempt shall be made to ensure, as far as practicable,\n                                          continuity of use of a frequency or of a frequency band.\n\n12.7 \u00a7 6\u00a0The Procedure shall be based on double-sideband or single-sideband emissions.\n                                          Other modulation techniques recommended by ITU-R shall be permitted in place of double-sideband\n                                          or single-sideband emissions, provided that the level of interference caused to existing\n                                          emissions is not increased.\n\n12.8 \u00a7 7\u00a0To promote efficient spectrum use, the number of frequencies used shall be the\n                                          minimum necessary to provide a satisfactory quality of reception. Whenever practicable,\n                                          only one frequency should be used.\n\n12.9 \u00a7 8\u00a0The Procedure shall include a technical analysis, as specified in the Radio Regulations\n                                          Board Rules of Procedure.\n\n12.10 \u00a7 9\u00a0The Procedure should encourage administrations or broadcasters empowered to make\n                                          changes to pursue a continual coordination process to resolve incompatibilities, at\n                                          meetings (regional116 or worldwide, bilateral or multilateral) or by correspondence.\n\n12.11 \u00a7 10\u00a0Regional coordination groups, which will facilitate bilateral and multilateral\n                                          coordination among administrations and broadcasters in various regions of the world,\n                                          shall identify themselves to the Bureau. Administrations and broadcasters shall be\n                                          urged to participate in the relevant regional coordination groups. However, such participation\n                                          would be on a voluntary basis.\n\n12.12 \u00a7 11\u00a0When an administration, in particular the administration of a developing country,\n                                          requests assistance in the application of the Procedure, the Bureau shall take appropriate\n                                          action, including, if need be, coordination of the requirements submitted by the requesting\n                                          administration.\n\n12.13 \u00a7 12\u00a0The regional coordination groups should follow the coordination procedures prescribed\n                                          in Section III. In the process of coordinating broadcasting requirements, an attempt\n                                          shall be made to obtain agreement to the maximum number of submitted requirements\n                                          with the quality level acceptable to administrations or broadcasters.\n\n12.14 \u00a7 13\u00a0In order to ensure maximum success from the Procedure, administrations and broadcasters\n                                          shall show the utmost goodwill and mutual cooperation, and give due consideration\n                                          to all the relevant technical and operational factors involved.\n\nSection III \u2212 The Procedure\n\n12.15 The application of the Procedure shall be facilitated and coordinated by the Bureau\n                                          as defined elsewhere in this Article.\n\n12.16 Twice yearly, administrations shall submit their projected seasonal broadcasting\n                                          schedules in the relevant frequency bands to the Bureau. These schedules shall cover\n                                          the following seasonal periods:\n\n12.17 Schedule A: Last Sunday in March to last Sunday in October.\n\n12.18 Schedule B: Last Sunday in October to last Sunday in March.\n\n12.19 Implementation of these schedules shall start at 0100\u00a0UTC.\n\n12.20 If an administration considers it necessary to take account of propagation changes\n                                          during the schedule period, it is recommended, for reasons of spectrum efficiency,\n                                          that such requirements should be implemented on the following dates:\n\n12.21 first Sunday in May;\n\n12.22 first Sunday in September.\n\n12.23 Implementation of these changes shall start at 0100\u00a0UTC on these dates.\n\n12.24 Other start and stop dates within a schedule period may be used to accommodate requirements\n                                          that have different schedule periods, e.g. special events, clock changes on different\n                                          dates not coincident with the schedule period, etc.\n\n12.25 Administrations may include assignments in their schedules up to one year in advance\n                                          of their use.\n\n12.26 In those cases where an administration does not indicate its requirements for a new\n                                          seasonal schedule, the Bureau shall use the assignments from the previous corresponding\n                                          seasonal schedule for this administration for the new schedule period. A note in the\n                                          schedule shall be used to identify such requirements. The Bureau shall follow this\n                                          practice for two consecutive schedule periods.\n\n12.27 Following the action taken in No. 12.26, the Bureau shall notify the administration concerned that the schedule will not\n                                          include their broadcasting requirements unless the administration advises otherwise.\n\n12.28 When an administration decides to cease its broadcasting service in the HF bands,\n                                          it shall notify the Bureau of that decision.\n\n12.29 The frequencies in the schedules should be those that will be used during the season\n                                          concerned, and should be the minimum number required to provide satisfactory reception\n                                          of the programmes in each of the areas and for each of the periods intended. In each\n                                          schedule, to the maximum possible extent, the frequencies to be used in each reception\n                                          area should remain unchanged from season to season.\n\n12.30 Administrations are encouraged to coordinate their schedules with other administrations\n                                          as far as possible prior to submission. An administration may, on behalf of a group\n                                          of administrations, submit their coordinated schedules, the frequencies of which shall\n                                          however have no priority for use over those submitted by other administrations.\n\n12.31 The closing dates for receipt by the Bureau of the schedules relating to the two\n                                          seasons referred to in No. 12.17 and 12.18 shall be established and published by the Bureau.\n\n12.32 The schedules shall be submitted with the relevant data as specified in Appendix\n                                          4.\n\n12.33 Upon receipt of the schedules, the Bureau shall, in accordance with the Rules of\n                                          Procedure, validate the data where necessary, perform a compatibility analysis and\n                                          prepare the tentative high frequency broadcasting schedules (the Tentative Schedules).\n                                          These Schedules shall include all assignments where administrations gave no alternatives,\n                                          the selections made by the Bureau from any alternatives given, and the frequencies\n                                          selected by the Bureau in cases where the need for its assistance was indicated by\n                                          their intentional omission from the individual schedules. (WRC-03)\n\n12.34 The Tentative Schedules shall be published two months and one month before the start\n                                          of each of the two schedule periods in Nos. 12.17 and 12.18. (WRC-03)\n\n12.35 Administrations should examine the Tentative Schedule and should coordinate their\n                                          frequency schedules to resolve or to minimize, as far as possible, any incompatibilities\n                                          identified by the compatibility analysis, or by the monitoring results of similar\n                                          assignments, or by a combination of both.\n\n12.36 Coordination shall be achieved through bilateral or multilateral meetings of administrations\n                                          or broadcasters or other means acceptable to the parties concerned.\n\n12.37 Administrations, either jointly or separately, shall inform the Bureau, as quickly\n                                          as possible, but no later than two weeks prior to the start of the schedule period,\n                                          of any changes to their requirements resulting from the coordination process. The\n                                          Bureau shall prepare a new consolidated high frequency broadcasting schedule (the\n                                          Schedule), and shall perform a new compatibility analysis. The Bureau shall publish\n                                          the Schedule and the results of the compatibility analysis at the start of the relevant\n                                          broadcasting season.\n\n12.38 Administrations shall notify the Bureau of changes to their schedules as quickly\n                                          as possible and the Bureau shall update and make available the Schedule on a monthly\n                                          basis. The Bureau shall perform new compatibility analyses and publish the updated\n                                          Schedule and the results of these analyses at regular intervals during the season.\n                                          (WRC-03)\n\n12.39 To facilitate the coordination process, the Bureau shall also forward the schedules\n                                          to the regional coordination groups.\n\n12.40 Regional coordination groups should consider communicating with administrations and\n                                          broadcasters through the use of any appropriate, mutually agreeable means, such as\n                                          e-mail, news-groups, bulletin boards and other forms of electronic data transfer.\n\n12.41 Each regional coordination group should consider appointing a steering committee\n                                          to ensure smooth progress of the coordination process.\n\n12.42 During and after the coordination process, the regional coordination groups shall\n                                          exchange schedule data among themselves with a view to further enhancing the efficacy\n                                          of the coordination process.\n\n12.43 One month after the end of a season, the Bureau shall publish the final high frequency\n                                          broadcasting schedule (the Final Schedule). If any changes have been notified to the\n                                          Bureau since the previous consolidated Schedule, the Bureau shall also perform a compatibility\n                                          analysis and publish it with the Final Schedule.\n\n12.44 The Bureau should, as and when required, convene joint meetings of the representatives\n                                          of all the regional coordination groups to develop strategies for further reduction\n                                          of incompatibilities and to discuss related matters. The outcome of these meetings\n                                          shall be circulated among the regional groups and administrations.\n\n12.45 In a case of harmful interference involving the application of the provisions of\n                                          Article 15, administrations are urged to exercise the utmost goodwill and mutual cooperation,\n                                          taking into account all the relevant technical and operational factors of the case.\n\nSection 0\u00a0\u2212 Development of the Rules of Procedure and proposals to resolve inconsistencies\n                                          encountered in the application of the Radio Regulations (WRC-03)\n\n13.0.1 The Board shall develop a new Rule of Procedure only when there is a clear need with\n                                          proper justification for such a Rule. For all such Rules, the Board shall submit to\n                                          the coming world radiocommunication conference the necessary modifications to the\n                                          Radio Regulations, to alleviate such difficulties or inconsistencies and include its\n                                          suggestions in the Report of the Director to the next world radiocommunication conference.\n                                          (WRC-03)\n\n13.0.2 If such a need is not identified under No. 13.0.1, the Board shall submit also to the coming world radiocommunication conference the\n                                          necessary modifications to the Radio Regulations to alleviate such difficulties or\n                                          inconsistencies. (WRC-03)\n\nSection I \u2212 Assistance to administrations by the Bureau\n\n13.1 When an administration has difficulty in applying the procedures of Articles 9 and 11 and Appendices 30, 30A and 30B, the Bureau shall, upon request, endeavour to assist in such cases.\n\n13.2 When an administration has difficulty in resolving a case of harmful interference\n                                          and seeks the assistance of the Bureau, the latter shall, as appropriate, help in\n                                          identifying the source of the interference and seek the cooperation of the responsible\n                                          administration in order to resolve the matter, and prepare a report for consideration\n                                          by the Board, including draft recommendations to the administrations concerned.\n\n13.3 When an administration so requests, the Bureau shall, using such means at its disposal\n                                          as are appropriate in the circumstances, conduct a study of reported cases of alleged\n                                          contravention or non-observance of these Regulations and shall prepare a report for\n                                          consideration by the Board, including draft recommendations to the administrations\n                                          concerned.\n\nSection II \u2212 Maintenance of the Master Register and of World Plans by the Bureau\n\n13.4 The Bureau shall be solely responsible for maintenance of the Master Register in\n                                          accordance with the Rules of Procedure, and shall:\n\n13.5\na) following consultation with administrations, from time to time make any necessary\n                                          adjustments to the format, structure and presentation of data in the Master Register;\n\n13.6\nb) whenever it appears from reliable information available that a recorded assignment\n                                          has not been brought into use, or is no longer in use, or continues to be in use but\n                                          not in accordance with the notified required characteristics117 as specified in Appendix 4, the Bureau shall consult the notifying administration and request clarification\n                                          as to whether the assignment was brought into use in accordance with the notified\n                                          characteristics or continues to be in use in accordance with the notified characteristics.\n                                          Such a request shall include the reason for the query. In the event of a response\n                                          and subject to the agreement of the notifying administration the Bureau shall cancel,\n                                          suitably modify, or retain the basic characteristics of the entry. If the notifying\n                                          administration does not respond within three months, the Bureau shall issue a reminder.\n                                          In the event the notifying administration does not respond within one month of the\n                                          first reminder, the Bureau shall issue a second reminder. In the event the notifying\n                                          administration does not respond within one month of the second reminder, action taken\n                                          by the Bureau to cancel the entry shall be subject to a decision of the Board. In\n                                          the event of non-response or disagreement by the notifying administration, the entry\n                                          will continue to be taken into account by the Bureau when conducting its examinations\n                                          until the decision to cancel or modify the entry is made by the Board. In the event\n                                          of a response, the Bureau shall inform the notifying administration of the conclusion\n                                          reached by the Bureau within three months of the administration\u2019s response. When the\n                                          Bureau is not in a position to comply with the three-month deadline referred to above,\n                                          the Bureau shall so inform the notifying administration together with the reasons\n                                          therefor. In case of disagreement between the notifying administration and the Bureau,\n                                          the matter shall be carefully investigated by the Board, including taking into account\n                                          submissions of additional supporting materials from administrations through the Bureau\n                                          within the deadlines as established by the Board. The application of this provision\n                                          shall not preclude the application of other provisions of the Radio Regulations. (WRC-19)\n\n13.7\nc) enter in the Master Register and publish in the Preface to the International Frequency\n                                          Information Circular (BR IFIC) all frequencies prescribed by these Regulations for\n                                          common use; (WRC-19)\n\n13.8\nd) make appropriate entries in the Master Register resulting from its examinations of\n                                          frequency assignment notices in accordance with Article 11;\n\n13.9\ne) maintain and periodically update the Preface to the BR IFIC. (WRC-19)\n\n13.10 The Bureau shall also compile, for publication by the Secretary-General in the form\n                                          of the BR IFIC, comprehensive listings of entries extracted from the Master Register\n                                          and such other extracts as may periodically be required. (WRC-19)\n\n13.11 The Bureau shall maintain master copies of all world frequency allotment or assignment\n                                          plans contained in Appendices to these Regulations, or adopted by world conferences\n                                          convened by the Union, including, where applicable, the carrier-to-interference ratios,\n                                          or margins, as appropriate, associated with each assignment or allotment, and incorporating\n                                          any modifications resulting from the successful application of the relevant modification\n                                          procedure, and shall provide such copies in an appropriate form for publication by\n                                          the Secretary-General when justified by circumstances.\n\nSection III \u2212 Maintenance of the Rules of Procedure by the Bureau\n\n13.12 The Board shall approve a set of Rules of Procedure to govern its own activities\n                                          and those of the Bureau in the application of the Radio Regulations, to ensure the\n                                          impartial, accurate and consistent processing of frequency assignment notices and\n                                          to assist in the application of these Regulations.\n\n13.12A In the preparation and development of the Rules of Procedure, the Board, the Bureau\n                                          and administrations shall apply the following steps:\n\na) the Bureau shall also publish under No. 13.17, on the ITU website, a list of future proposed Rules and the time-frame for their\n                                                consideration by the Board and for comments by administrations on the list of future\n                                                proposed Rules;\n\nb) any practice used by the Bureau in the application of the provisions of the Radio\n                                                Regulations shall be identified and proposed for inclusion in the Rules of Procedure\n                                                in accordance with the procedures of this section;\n\nc) all draft Rules prepared by the Bureau shall be available to administrations on the\n                                                ITU website and by Circular Letter at least ten weeks prior to the start of the Board\n                                                meeting;\n\nd) any comments on these draft Rules of Procedure from administrations shall be submitted\n                                                to the Bureau at least four weeks before the start of the Board meeting;\n\ne) in submitting comments administrations should, if possible, suggest the actual text\n                                                of their proposed Rules;\n\nf) all comments from administrations shall be posted on the ITU website. However, those\n                                                comments that do not meet the above time-limits shall not be considered by the Board;\n\ng) any Rules of Procedure are to be in conformity with the spirit and principle of the\n                                                Constitution, Convention and the Radio Regulations and shall avoid any relaxation\n                                                to the application of the corresponding provisions of the Radio Regulation to which\n                                                the Rules make reference. (WRC-03)\n\n13.13 The Rules of Procedure shall include, inter alia, calculation methods and other data required for the application of these Regulations.\n                                          These shall be based upon the decisions of world radiocommunication conferences and\n                                          the Recommendations of the Radiocommunication Sector. Where requirements arise for\n                                          new data for which there are no such decisions or Recommendations the Bureau shall\n                                          develop such data in accordance with No. 13.14, and shall revise them when appropriate decisions or Recommendations are available.\n\n13.14 The Bureau shall submit to the Board the final drafts of all proposed changes to\n                                          the Rules of Procedure. The Rules of Procedure approved by the Board shall be published\n                                          and shall be open for comment by administrations. In case of continuing disagreement,\n                                          the matter shall be submitted by the Director in his report, with the agreement of\n                                          the concerned administration, to the next world radiocommunication conference. The\n                                          Director of the Bureau shall also inform the appropriate study groups of this matter.\n                                          Pending resolution of the matter, the Board and the Bureau shall continue to use the\n                                          particular Rule of Procedure in dispute but, following resolution of the matter by\n                                          a decision of a world radiocommunication conference, the Board shall promptly review\n                                          and revise as necessary the Rules of Procedure and the Bureau shall review all relevant\n                                          findings.\n\n13.15 If an administration, or the Board or the Bureau identifies a need for a special\n                                          study, in relation to the Rules of Procedure, of any provisions of these Regulations\n                                          or of a regional agreement with an associated frequency allotment or assignment plan,\n                                          the case shall be handled under No. 13.14. The same shall apply if as a consequence of the review of a finding or other action\n                                          by the Board it is necessary to re-examine the Rules of Procedure.\n\n13.16 The Rules of Procedure shall be maintained and published in a form that will facilitate\n                                          easy modification and maximize their value to administrations and other users.\n\nSection IV \u2212 Board documents\n\n13.17 The Bureau shall, where appropriate, prepare draft modifications or additions to\n                                          the Rules of Procedure which shall be made available for comment before being submitted\n                                          to the Board. One week beforehand, the draft agenda of each Board meeting shall be\n                                          sent by facsimile, or mailed, to all administrations and shall also be made available\n                                          in electronic form. At the same time, all documents which are both referred to in\n                                          that draft agenda and available at that time shall be sent by facsimile, or mailed,\n                                          to those administrations requesting them as well as simultaneously being made accessible\n                                          in electronic form.\n\n13.18 Within one week after a meeting of the Board, a summary of all decisions, including\n                                          the reasons for each decision, taken in that meeting shall be made available on the\n                                          ITU website. After each Board meeting the approved minutes of that meeting shall normally\n                                          be circulated at least one month before the start of the following meeting to administrations\n                                          by means of a circular letter and these approved minutes shall also be made available\n                                          on the ITU website. (WRC-03)\n\n13.19 A copy of all documents considered at the Board\u2019s meetings, including the minutes,\n                                          shall be available for public inspection by administrations in the offices of the\n                                          Bureau, and shall be made available in electronic form as soon as possible. (WRC-2000)\n\n14.1 Any administration may request a review of a finding, a review of the results of\n                                          a special study under these Regulations or under a regional agreement and plan, or\n                                          a review of any other decision of the Bureau. The review of a finding may also be\n                                          undertaken on the initiative of the Bureau itself when it considers this is justified.\n\n14.2 For this purpose, the administration concerned shall submit a request for a review\n                                          to the Bureau; it shall also cite the relevant provisions of the Radio Regulations\n                                          and other references and shall state the action it seeks.\n\n14.3 The Bureau shall promptly acknowledge receipt of the request and shall consider the\n                                          matter forthwith. Thereafter, every effort shall be made with the administration concerned\n                                          to resolve the matter without adversely affecting the interests of other administrations.\n\n14.4 If the outcome of the review successfully resolves the matter with the requesting\n                                          administration without adversely affecting the interests of other administrations,\n                                          the Bureau shall publish an outline of the review, the arguments, the settlement and\n                                          any implications affecting other administrations for the information of all Members\n                                          of the Union. If this review results in a modification to a finding previously formulated\n                                          by the Bureau, the Bureau shall reapply the relevant steps of the procedure under\n                                          which the previous finding had been formulated, including, if appropriate, removal\n                                          of the corresponding entries from the Master Register or any consequential effect\n                                          on notices subsequently received by the Bureau.\n\n14.5 If the outcome of the review does not successfully resolve the matter, or if it would\n                                          adversely affect the interests of other administrations, the Bureau shall prepare\n                                          a report and send it in advance to the administration which requested the review and\n                                          to any others concerned in order to enable them, if they so desire, to address the\n                                          Board. The Bureau shall then send the report with all supporting documentation to\n                                          the Board.\n\n14.6 The decision of the Board on the review, to be taken in accordance with the Convention,\n                                          shall be regarded as final in so far as the Bureau and the Board are concerned. That\n                                          decision, together with the supporting information, shall be published as under No.\n                                          14.4. If the review results in a modification to a finding previously formulated by the\n                                          Bureau, the Bureau shall re-apply the relevant steps of the procedure under which\n                                          the previous finding had been formulated, including, if appropriate, removal of the\n                                          corresponding entries from the Master Register or any consequential effect on notices\n                                          subsequently received by the Bureau. However, if the administration which requested\n                                          the review disagrees with the Board\u2019s decision it may raise the matter at a world\n                                          radiocommunication conference. (WRC-2000)\n\n14.7 The Bureau shall then initiate all other necessary action decided by the Board.\n\n14.8 Following resolution of the matter by a decision at a world radiocommunication conference,\n                                          the Bureau shall promptly take the consequential actions, including a request to the\n                                          Board for reviewing all relevant findings, if necessary.\n\nSection I \u2212 Interference from Radio Stations\n\n15.1 \u00a7 1\u00a0All stations are forbidden to carry out unnecessary transmissions, or the transmission\n                                          of superfluous signals, or the transmission of false or misleading signals, or the\n                                          transmission of signals without identification (except as provided for in Article\n                                          19).\n\n15.2 \u00a7 2\u00a0Transmitting stations shall radiate only as much power as is necessary to ensure\n                                          a satisfactory service.\n\n15.3 \u00a7 3\u00a0In order to avoid interference (see also Article 3 and No. 22.1):\n\n15.4 a) locations of transmitting stations and, where the nature of the service permits,\n                                          locations of receiving stations shall be selected with particular care;\n\n15.5 b) radiation in and reception from unnecessary directions shall be minimized by taking\n                                          the maximum practical advantage of the properties of directional antennas whenever\n                                          the nature of the service permits;\n\n15.6 c) the choice and use of transmitters and receivers shall be in accordance with the\n                                          provisions of Article 3;\n\n15.7 d) the conditions specified under No. 22.1 shall be fulfilled.\n\n15.8 \u00a7 4\u00a0Special consideration shall be given to avoiding interference on distress and\n                                          safety frequencies, those related to distress and safety identified in Article 31 and those related to safety and regularity of flight identified in Appendix 27. (WRC-07)\n\n15.9 \u00a7 5\u00a0The class of emission to be employed by a station should be such as to achieve\n                                          minimum interference and to assure efficient spectrum utilization. In general this\n                                          requires that in selecting the class of emission to meet these objectives every effort\n                                          shall be made to minimize the bandwidth occupied, taking into account the operational\n                                          and technical considerations of the service to be performed.\n\n15.10 \u00a7 6\u00a0The out-of-band emissions of transmitting stations should not cause harmful interference\n                                          to services which operate in adjacent bands in accordance with these Regulations and\n                                          which use receivers in conformity with Nos. 3.3, 3.11, 3.12, 3.13 and relevant ITU-R Recommendations.\n\n15.11 \u00a7 7\u00a0If, while complying with the provisions of Article 3, a station causes harmful interference through its spurious emissions, special measures\n                                          shall be taken to eliminate such interference.\n\nSection II \u2212 Interference from electrical apparatus and installations of any kind\n                                          except equipment used for industrial, scientific and medical applications\n\n15.12 \u00a7 8\u00a0Administrations shall take all practicable and necessary steps to ensure that\n                                          the operation of electrical apparatus or installations of any kind, including power\n                                          and telecommunication distribution networks, but excluding equipment used for industrial,\n                                          scientific and medical applications, does not cause harmful interference to a radiocommunication\n                                          service and, in particular, to a radionavigation or any other safety service operating\n                                          in accordance with the provisions of these Regulations1.\n\nSection III \u2212 Interference from equipment used for industrial, scientific and medical\n                                          applications\n\n15.13 \u00a7 9\u00a0Administrations shall take all practicable and necessary steps to ensure that\n                                          radiation from equipment used for industrial, scientific and medical applications\n                                          is minimal and that, outside the bands designated for use by this equipment, radiation\n                                          from such equipment is at a level that does not cause harmful interference to a radiocommunication\n                                          service and, in particular, to a radionavigation or any other safety service operating\n                                          in accordance with the provisions of these Regulations118.\n\nSection IV \u2212 Tests\n\n15.14 \u00a7 10\u00a01) Before authorizing tests and experiments in any station, each administration,\n                                          in order to avoid harmful interference, shall prescribe the taking of all possible\n                                          precautions such as the choice of frequency and of time and the reduction or, in all\n                                          cases where this is possible, the suppression of radiation. Any harmful interference\n                                          resulting from tests and experiments shall be eliminated with the least possible delay.\n\n15.15 2) For the identification of transmissions made during tests, adjustments or experiments,\n                                          see Article 19.\n\n15.16 3) In the aeronautical radionavigation service, it is undesirable, for safety reasons,\n                                          to transmit the normal identification during emissions conducted to check or adjust\n                                          equipment already in service. Unidentified emissions should however be restricted\n                                          to a minimum.\n\n15.17 4) Signals for testing and adjustment shall be chosen in such a manner that no confusion\n                                          will arise with a signal, abbreviation, etc., having a special meaning defined by\n                                          these Regulations or by the International Code of Signals.\n\n15.18 5) For testing stations in the mobile service see No. 57.9.\n\nSection V \u2212 Reports of Infringements\n\n15.19 \u00a7 11\u00a0Infringements of the Constitution, Convention or Radio Regulations shall be\n                                          reported to their respective administrations by the control organization, stations\n                                          or inspectors detecting them. For this purpose they shall use forms similar to the\n                                          specimen given in Appendix 9.\n\n15.20 \u00a7 12\u00a0Representations relating to any serious infringement committed by a station\n                                          shall be made to the administration of the country having jurisdiction over the station,\n                                          by the administrations which detect it.\n\n15.21 \u00a7 13\u00a0If an administration has information of an infringement of the Constitution,\n                                          the Convention or the Radio Regulations (in particular Article 45\u00a0of the Constitution\n                                          and No. 15.1 of the Radio Regulations) committed by a station under its jurisdiction, the administration\n                                          shall ascertain the facts and take the necessary actions. (WRC-12)\n\nSection VI \u2212 Procedure in a case of harmful interference\n\n15.22 \u00a7 14\u00a0It is essential that Member States exercise the utmost goodwill and mutual assistance\n                                          in the application of the provisions of Article 45\u00a0of the Constitution and of this\n                                          Section to the settlement of problems of harmful interference.\n\n15.23 \u00a7 15\u00a0In the settlement of these problems, due consideration shall be given to all\n                                          factors involved, including the relevant technical and operating factors, such as:\n                                          adjustment of frequencies, characteristics of transmitting and receiving antennas,\n                                          time sharing, change of channels within multichannel transmissions.\n\n15.24 \u00a7 16\u00a0For the purpose of this Section, the term \u201cadministration\u201d may include the centralizing\n                                          office designated by the administration, in accordance with No. 16.3.\n\n15.25 \u00a7 17\u00a0Administrations shall cooperate in the detection and elimination of harmful\n                                          interference, employing where appropriate the facilities described in Article 16 and the procedures detailed in this Section.\n\n15.26 \u00a7 18\u00a0Where practicable, and subject to agreement by administrations concerned, the\n                                          case of harmful interference may be dealt with directly by their specially designated\n                                          monitoring stations or by direct coordination between their operating organizations.\n\n15.27 \u00a7 19\u00a0Full particulars relating to harmful interference shall, whenever possible,\n                                          be given in the form indicated in Appendix 10.\n\n15.28 \u00a7 20\u00a0Recognizing that transmissions on distress and safety frequencies and frequencies\n                                          used for the safety and regularity of flight (see Article 31 and Appendix 27) require absolute international protection and that the elimination of harmful interference\n                                          to such transmissions is imperative, administrations undertake to act immediately\n                                          when their attention is drawn to any such harmful interference. (WRC-07)\n\n15.29 \u00a7 21\u00a0In cases of harmful interference where rapid action is required, communications\n                                          between administrations shall be transmitted by the quickest means available and,\n                                          subject to prior authorization by the administrations concerned in such cases, information\n                                          may be exchanged directly between specially designated stations of the international\n                                          monitoring system.\n\n15.31\n\n15.30 \u00a7 22\u00a0When a case of such harmful interference is reported by a receiving station,\n                                          it shall give to the transmitting station whose service is being interfered with all\n                                          possible information which will assist in determining the source and characteristics\n                                          of the interference.\n\n15.31 \u00a7 23\u00a0If a case of harmful interference so justifies, the administration having jurisdiction\n                                          over the receiving station experiencing the interference shall inform the administration\n                                          having jurisdiction over the transmitting station whose service is being interfered\n                                          with, giving all possible information.\n\n15.32 \u00a7 24\u00a0If further observations and measurements are necessary to determine the source\n                                          and characteristics of and to establish the responsibility for the harmful interference,\n                                          the administration having jurisdiction over the transmitting station whose service\n                                          is being interfered with may seek the cooperation of other administrations, particularly\n                                          of the administration having jurisdiction over the receiving station experiencing\n                                          the interference, or of other organizations.\n\n15.33 \u00a7 25\u00a0When cases of harmful interference occur as a result of emissions from space\n                                          stations, the administrations having jurisdiction over these interfering stations\n                                          shall, upon request from the administration having jurisdiction over the station experiencing\n                                          the interference, furnish current ephemeral data necessary to allow determination\n                                          of the positions of the space stations when not otherwise known.\n\n15.34 \u00a7 26\u00a0Having determined the source and characteristics of the harmful interference,\n                                          the administration having jurisdiction over the transmitting station whose service\n                                          is being interfered with shall inform the administration having jurisdiction over\n                                          the interfering station, giving all useful information in order that this administration\n                                          may take such steps as may be necessary to eliminate the interference.\n\n15.35 \u00a7 27\u00a0On being informed that a station over which it has jurisdiction is believed\n                                          to have been the cause of harmful interference, an administration shall, as soon as\n                                          possible, acknowledge receipt of that information by the quickest means available.\n                                          Such acknowledgement shall not constitute an acceptance of responsibility. (WRC-2000)\n\n15.36 \u00a7 28\u00a0When a safety service suffers harmful interference the administration having\n                                          jurisdiction over the receiving station experiencing the interference may also approach\n                                          directly the administration having jurisdiction over the interfering station. The\n                                          same procedure may also be followed in other cases with the prior approval of the\n                                          administration having jurisdiction over the transmitting station whose service is\n                                          being interfered with.\n\n15.37 \u00a7 29\u00a0An administration receiving a communication to the effect that one of its stations\n                                          is causing harmful interference to a safety service shall promptly investigate the\n                                          matter and take any necessary remedial action and respond in a timely manner. (WRC-2000)\n\n15.38 \u00a7 30\u00a0When the service rendered by an earth station suffers harmful interference,\n                                          the administration having jurisdiction over the receiving station experiencing such\n                                          interference may also approach directly the administration having jurisdiction over\n                                          the interfering station.\n\n15.39 \u00a7 31\u00a0If the harmful interference persists in spite of the action taken in accordance\n                                          with the procedures outlined above, the administration having jurisdiction over the\n                                          transmitting station whose service is being interfered with may address to the administration\n                                          having jurisdiction over the interfering station a report of irregularity or infraction\n                                          in accordance with the provisions of Section V.\n\n15.40 \u00a7 32\u00a0If there is a specialized international organization for a particular service,\n                                          reports of irregularities and of infractions relating to harmful interference caused\n                                          or suffered by stations in this service may be addressed to such organization at the\n                                          same time as to the administration concerned.\n\n15.41 \u00a7 33\u00a01) If it is considered necessary, and particularly if the steps taken in accordance\n                                          with the procedures described above have not produced satisfactory results, the administration\n                                          concerned shall forward details of the case to the Bureau for its information.\n\n15.42 2) In such a case, the administration concerned may also request the Bureau to act\n                                          in accordance with the provisions of Section I of Article 13; but it shall then supply the Bureau with the full facts of the case, including all\n                                          the technical and operational details and copies of the correspondence.\n\n15.43 \u00a7 34\u00a01) In the case where an administration has difficulty in identifying a source\n                                          of harmful interference in the HF bands and urgently wishes to seek the assistance\n                                          of the Bureau, it shall promptly inform the Bureau.\n\n15.44 2) On receipt of this information, the Bureau shall immediately request the cooperation\n                                          of appropriate administrations or specially designated stations of the international\n                                          monitoring system that may be able to help in identifying the source of harmful interference.\n\n15.45 3) The Bureau shall consolidate all reports received in response to requests under\n                                          No. 15.44 and, using such other information as it has available, shall promptly attempt to\n                                          identify the source of harmful interference.\n\n15.46 4) The Bureau shall thereafter forward its conclusions and recommendations to the\n                                          administration reporting the case of harmful interference. These shall also be forwarded\n                                          to the administration believed to be responsible for the source of harmful interference,\n                                          together with a request for prompt action.\n\n16.1 To assist to the extent practicable in the implementation of these Regulations, in\n                                          particular to help ensure efficient and economical use of the radio-frequency spectrum\n                                          and to help in the prompt elimination of harmful interference, administrations agree\n                                          to continue the development of monitoring facilities and, to the extent practicable,\n                                          to cooperate in the continued development of the international monitoring system,\n                                          taking into account the relevant ITU-R Recommendations.119\n\n16.2 The international monitoring system comprises only those monitoring stations which\n                                          have been so nominated by administrations in the information sent to the Secretary-General\n                                          in accordance with Resolution ITU-R 23\u00a0and the most recent version of Recommendation\n                                          ITU-R SM.1139. These stations may be operated by an administration or, in accordance\n                                          with an authorization granted by the appropriate administration, by a public or private\n                                          enterprise, by a common monitoring service established by two or more countries, or\n                                          by an international organization. (WRC-15)\n\n16.3 Each administration or common monitoring service established by two or more countries,\n                                          or international organizations participating in the international monitoring system,\n                                          shall designate a centralizing office to which all requests for monitoring information\n                                          shall be addressed and through which monitoring information will be forwarded to the\n                                          Bureau or to centralizing offices of other administrations.\n\n16.4 However, these provisions shall not affect private monitoring arrangements made for\n                                          special purposes by administrations, international organizations, or public or private\n                                          enterprises.\n\n16.5 Administrations shall, as far as they consider practicable, conduct such monitoring\n                                          as may be requested of them by other administrations or by the Bureau.\n\n16.6 Administrative and procedural requirements for use and operation of the international\n                                          monitoring system should be in accordance with the most recent version of Recommendation\n                                          ITU-R SM.1139. (WRC-12)\n\n16.7 The Bureau shall record the results supplied by the monitoring stations participating\n                                          in the international monitoring system, and shall prepare periodically, for publication\n                                          by the Secretary-General, summaries of the useful monitoring data received by it including\n                                          a list of the stations contributing the data.\n\n16.8 When an administration, in supplying monitoring observations from one of its monitoring\n                                          stations taking part in the international monitoring system, states to the Bureau\n                                          that a clearly identified emission is not in conformity with these Regulations, the\n                                          Bureau shall draw the attention of the administration concerned to those observations.\n\n17.1 In the application of the appropriate provisions of the Constitution and the Convention,\n                                          administrations bind themselves to take the necessary measures to prohibit and prevent:\n\n17.2\na) the unauthorized interception of radiocommunications not intended for the general\n                                          use of the public;\n\n17.3\nb) the divulgence of the contents, simple disclosure of the existence, publication or\n                                          any use whatever, without authorization of information of any nature whatever obtained\n                                          by the interception of the radiocommunications mentioned in No. 17.2.\n\n18.1 \u00a7 1\u00a01) No transmitting station may be established or operated by a private person\n                                          or by any enterprise without a licence issued in an appropriate form and in conformity\n                                          with the provisions of these Regulations by or on behalf of the government of the\n                                          country to which the station in question is subject (however, see Nos. 18.2, 18.8 and 18.11).\n\n18.2 2) However, the government of a country may conclude with the government of one or\n                                          more neighbouring countries a special agreement concerning one or several stations\n                                          of its broadcasting service or of its land mobile services, operating on frequencies\n                                          above 41\u00a0MHz, situated in the territory of a neighbouring country and intended to\n                                          improve national coverage. This agreement, which shall be compatible with the provisions\n                                          of the present Regulations as well as of those regional agreements to which the countries\n                                          concerned are signatories, may allow exceptions to the provisions of No. 18.1 and shall be communicated to the Secretary-General in order that it may be brought\n                                          to the notice of administrations for their information.\n\n18.3 3) Mobile stations which are registered in a territory or group of territories which\n                                          does not have full responsibility for its international relations may be considered,\n                                          in so far as the issue of licences is concerned, as subject to the authority of that\n                                          territory or group of territories.\n\n18.4 \u00a7 2\u00a0The holder of a licence is required to preserve the secrecy of telecommunications,\n                                          as provided in the relevant provisions of the Constitution and the Convention. Moreover,\n                                          the licence shall mention, specifically or by reference, that if the station includes\n                                          a receiver, the interception of radiocommunication correspondence, other than that\n                                          which the station is authorized to receive, is forbidden, and that in cases where\n                                          such correspondence is involuntarily received, it shall not be reproduced, nor communicated\n                                          to third parties, nor used for any purpose, and even its existence shall not be disclosed.\n\n18.5 \u00a7 3\u00a0To facilitate the verification of licences issued to mobile stations and mobile\n                                          earth stations, a translation of the text in one of the working languages of the Union\n                                          shall be added, when necessary, to the text written in the national language.\n\n18.6 \u00a7 4\u00a01) The government which issues a licence to a mobile station or a mobile earth\n                                          station shall indicate therein in clear form the particulars of the station, including\n                                          its name, call sign and, where appropriate, the public correspondence category, as\n                                          well as the general characteristics of the installation.\n\n18.7 2) For land mobile stations, including stations consisting only of one or more receivers,\n                                          a clause shall be included in the licence, specifically or by reference, under which\n                                          the operation of these stations shall be forbidden in countries other than the country\n                                          in which the licence is issued, except as may be provided by special agreement between\n                                          the governments of the countries concerned.\n\n18.8 \u00a7 5\u00a01) In the case of a new registration of a ship or aircraft in circumstances where\n                                          delay is likely to occur in the issue of a licence by the country in which it is to\n                                          be registered, the administration of the country from which the mobile station or\n                                          mobile earth station wishes to make its voyage or flight may, at the request of the\n                                          operating company, issue a certificate to the effect that the station complies with\n                                          these Regulations. This certificate, drawn up in a form determined by the issuing\n                                          administration, shall give the particulars mentioned in No. 18.6 and shall be valid only for the duration of the voyage or flight to the country in\n                                          which the registration of the ship or aircraft will be effected, or for a period of\n                                          three months, whichever is less.\n\n18.9 2) The administration issuing the certificate shall inform the administration responsible\n                                          for issuing the licence of the action taken.\n\n18.10 3) The holder of the certificate shall comply with the provisions of these Regulations\n                                          applicable to licence holders.\n\n18.11 \u00a7 6\u00a0In the case of hire, lease or interchange of aircraft, the administration having\n                                          authority over the aircraft operator receiving an aircraft under such an arrangement\n                                          may, by agreement with the administration of the country in which the aircraft is\n                                          registered, issue a licence in conformity with that specified in No. 18.6 as a temporary substitute for the original licence.\n\nSection I \u2212 General provisions\n\n19.1 \u00a7 1\u00a0All transmissions shall be capable of being identified either by identification\n                                          signals or by other means120.\n\n19.2 \u00a7 2\u00a01) All transmissions with false or misleading identification are prohibited.\n\n19.3 2) Where practicable and in appropriate services, identification signals should be\n                                          automatically transmitted in accordance with relevant ITU-R Recommendations.\n\n19.4 3) All transmissions in the following services should, except as provided in Nos.\n                                          19.13 to 19.15, carry identification signals:\n\n19.5\na) amateur service;\n\n19.6\nb) broadcasting service;\n\n19.7\nc) fixed service in the bands below 28\u00a0000\u00a0kHz;\n\n19.8\nd) mobile service;\n\n19.9\ne) standard frequency and time signal service.\n\n19.10 4) All operational transmissions by radiobeacons shall carry identification signals.\n                                          However, it is recognized that, for radiobeacons and for certain other radionavigation\n                                          services that normally carry identification signals, during periods of malfunction\n                                          or other non-operational service the deliberate removal of identification signals\n                                          is an agreed means of warning users that the transmissions cannot safely be used for\n                                          navigational purposes.\n\n19.11 5) All transmissions by satellite emergency position-indicating radiobeacons (EPIRBs)\n                                          operating in the band 406-406.1\u00a0MHz or the band 1\u00a0645.5-1\u00a0646.5\u00a0MHz, or by EPIRBs\n                                          using digital selective calling techniques, shall carry identification signals.\n\n19.12 6) When identification signals are transmitted they shall comply with the provisions\n                                          of this Article.\n\n19.13 7) However, the requirements for certain transmissions to carry identification signals\n                                          need not apply to:\n\n19.14\na) survival craft stations when transmitting distress signals automatically;\n\n19.15\nb) emergency position-indicating radiobeacons (except for those in No. 19.11).\n\n19.16 \u00a7 3\u00a0In transmissions carrying identification signals a station shall be identified\n                                          by a call sign, by a maritime mobile service identity or by other recognized means\n                                          of identification which may be one or more of the following: name of station, location\n                                          of station, operating agency, official registration mark, flight identification number,\n                                          selective call number or signal, selective call identification number or signal, characteristic\n                                          signal, characteristic of emission or other clearly distinguishing features readily\n                                          recognized internationally.\n\n19.17 \u00a7 4\u00a0For transmissions carrying identification signals, in order that stations may\n                                          be readily identified, each station shall transmit its identification as frequently\n                                          as practicable during the course of transmissions, including those made for tests,\n                                          adjustments or experiments. During such transmissions, however, identification signals\n                                          shall be transmitted at least hourly, preferably within the period from five minutes\n                                          before to five minutes after the hour (UTC) unless to do so would cause unreasonable\n                                          interruption of traffic, in which case identification shall be given at the beginning\n                                          and end of transmissions.\n\n19.18 \u00a7 5\u00a0Identification signals shall wherever practicable be in one of the following\n                                          forms:\n\n19.19\na) speech, using simple amplitude or frequency modulation;\n\n19.20\nb) international Morse code transmitted at manual speed;\n\n19.21\nc) a telegraph code compatible with conventional printing equipment;\n\n19.22\nd) any other form recommended by the Radiocommunication Sector.\n\n19.23 \u00a7 6\u00a0To the extent possible the identification signal should be transmitted in accordance\n                                          with relevant ITU-R Recommendations.\n\n19.24 \u00a7 7\u00a0Administrations should ensure that wherever practicable superimposed identification\n                                          methods be employed in accordance with ITU-R Recommendations.\n\n19.25 \u00a7 8\u00a0When a number of stations work simultaneously in a common circuit, either as\n                                          relay stations, or in parallel on different frequencies, each station shall, as far\n                                          as practicable, transmit its own identification or those of all the stations concerned.\n\n19.26 \u00a7 9\u00a0Administrations shall ensure, except in the cases mentioned in Nos. 19.13 to 19.15, that all transmissions not carrying identification signals can be identified by\n                                          other means when they are capable of causing harmful interference to the services\n                                          of another administration operating in accordance with these Regulations.\n\n19.27 \u00a7 10\u00a0Administrations shall, having regard to the provisions of these Regulations\n                                          relating to the notification of assignments for recording in the Master Register,\n                                          adopt their own measures to ensure compliance with the provisions of No. 19.26.\n\n19.28 \u00a7 11\u00a0Each Member State reserves the right to establish its own measures for identifying\n                                          its stations used for national defence. However, it shall use, as far as possible,\n                                          call signs recognizable as such, and containing the distinctive characters of its\n                                          nationality.\n\nSection II \u2212 Allocation of international series and assignment of call signs\n\n19.28A \u00a7 11A 1) For the purpose of the supply of identification signals, a territory or geographical area shall be understood to mean the territory within the limits of which the station\n                                          is located. For mobile stations, it shall be understood to mean the territory within\n                                          the limits of which the responsible administration is located. A territory which does\n                                          not have full responsibility for its international relations shall also be considered\n                                          as a geographical area for this purpose.\n\n19.28B 2) In all documents of the Union where the terms allocation of call sign series and assignment of call signs are to be used, they shall be used with the following meaning:\n\nIdentification means\n\nTerms used in these Regulations\n\nInternational series of call signs (including maritime identification digits (MIDs)\n                                                         and selective call numbers)\n\nAllocation to the administration of a Member State (see definition in No. 1002\u00a0of\n                                                         the Constitution)\n\nCall signs (including maritime identification digits (MIDs) and selective call numbers)\n\nAssignment by any administration to stations operating in a territory or geographical\n                                                         area (see No. 19.28A)\n\n19.29 \u00a7 12\u00a01) All stations open to international public correspondence, all amateur stations,\n                                          and other stations which are capable of causing harmful interference beyond the boundaries\n                                          of the territory or geographical area in which they are located, shall have call signs\n                                          from the international series allocated to its administration as given in the Table\n                                          of Allocation of International Call Sign Series in Appendix 42.\n\n19.30 2) As the need arises, ship stations and ship earth stations to which the provisions\n                                          of Chapter IX apply, and coast stations, coast earth stations, or other non-shipborne stations\n                                          capable of communicating with such ship stations, shall have assigned to them maritime\n                                          mobile service identities in accordance with Section VI of this Article. (WRC-07)\n\n19.31 3) It is not compulsory to assign call signs from the international series to stations\n                                          identified by maritime mobile service identities or which are easily identified by\n                                          other means (see No. 19.16) and whose signals of identification or characteristics of emission are published\n                                          in international documents.\n\n19.31A 4) Means shall be provided for uniquely identifying mobile stations operating in\n                                          automated terrestrial or satellite communication systems for the purposes of answering\n                                          distress calls, for avoiding interference and for billing. Identification of the mobile\n                                          station by accessing a registration database is satisfactory, provided that the system\n                                          can associate the mobile station calling number with the particular mobile station\n                                          user. (WRC-03)\n\n19.32 \u00a7 13\u00a0Should the available call sign series in Appendix 42 be exhausted, new call sign series may be allocated according to the principles set\n                                          out in Resolution 13\u00a0(Rev.WRC-97) relating to the formation of call signs and the allocation of new international series.\n\n19.33 \u00a7 14\u00a0Between radiocommunication conferences, the Secretary-General is authorized\n                                          to deal with questions relating to changes in the allocation of series of call signs,\n                                          on a provisional basis, and subject to confirmation by the following conference (see\n                                          also No. 19.32).\n\n19.34 \u00a7 15\u00a0The Secretary-General shall be responsible for allocating maritime identification\n                                          digits (MIDs) to administrations and shall regularly publish information regarding\n                                          allocated MIDs.\n\n19.35 \u00a7 16\u00a0The Secretary-General shall be responsible for allocating additional maritime\n                                          identification digits (MIDs) to administrations within the limits specified, provided\n                                          that it is ascertained that the possibilities offered by the MIDs allocated to an\n                                          administration will soon be exhausted despite judicious ship station identity assignment\n                                          as outlined in Section VI. (WRC-03)\n\n19.36 \u00a7 17\u00a0Each administration has been allocated one or more maritime identification digit\n                                          (MID) for its use. A second or subsequent MID should not be requested121 unless the previously allocated MID is more than 80% exhausted and the rate of assignments\n                                          is such that 90% exhaustion is foreseen. (WRC-19)\n\n19.37 \u00a7 18\u00a0The Secretary-General shall be responsible for supplying series of selective\n                                          call numbers or signals (see Nos. 19.92 to 19.95) at the request of the administrations concerned.\n\n19.38 \u00a7 19\u00a01) Each administration shall choose the call signs from the international series\n                                          allocated or supplied to it; and shall notify this information to the Secretary-General\n                                          together with the information which is to appear in Lists I, IV and V. These notifications\n                                          do not include call signs assigned to amateur and experimental stations. (WRC-07)\n\n19.39 2) Each administration shall choose the maritime mobile service identities of its\n                                          stations from the maritime identification digits allocated to it and notify this information\n                                          to the Secretary-General for inclusion in the relevant lists, as provided for in Article\n                                          20.\n\n19.40 3) The Secretary-General shall ensure that the same call sign, the same maritime\n                                          mobile service identity, the same selective call number or the same identification\n                                          number is not assigned more than once and that call signs which might be confused\n                                          with distress signals, or with other signals of the same nature, are not assigned.\n\n19.41 \u00a7 20\u00a01) When a fixed station uses more than one frequency in the international service,\n                                          each frequency may be identified by a separate call sign used solely for this frequency.\n\n19.42 2) When a broadcasting station uses more than one frequency in the international\n                                          service, each frequency may be identified by a separate call sign used solely for\n                                          this frequency or by some other appropriate means, such as announcing the name of\n                                          the place and frequency used.\n\n19.43 3) When a land station uses more than one frequency, each frequency may, if desired,\n                                          be identified by a separate call sign.\n\n19.44 4) Where practicable, coast stations should use a common call sign for each frequency\n                                          series122.\n\nSection III \u2212 Formation of call signs\n\n19.45 \u00a7 21\u00a01) The twenty-six letters of the alphabet, as well as digits in the cases specified\n                                          below, may be used to form call signs. Accented letters are excluded.\n\n19.46 2) However, the following combinations shall not be used as call signs:\n\n19.47\na) combinations which might be confused with distress signals or with other signals\n                                          of a similar nature;\n\n19.48\nb) combinations in Recommendation ITU-R M.1172-0\u00a0that are reserved for the abbreviations\n                                          to be used in the radiocommunication services. (WRC-15)\n\n19.49 (SUP \u2013 WRC-03)\n\n19.50 \u00a7 22\u00a0Call signs in the international series are formed as indicated in Nos. 19.51 to 19.71. The first two characters shall be two letters or a letter followed by a digit or\n                                          a digit followed by a letter. The first two characters or in certain cases the first\n                                          character of a call sign constitute the nationality identification123.\n\n19.51\nLand and fixed stations\n\n19.52 \u00a7 23\u00a01)\n\n\u2013 two characters and one letter, or\n\n\u2013 two characters and one letter followed by not more than three digits (other than the\n                                                digits 0\u00a0and 1\u00a0in cases where they immediately follow a letter).\n\n19.53 2) However, it is recommended that, as far as possible, the call signs of fixed stations\n                                          consist of:\n\n\u2013 two characters and one letter followed by two digits (other than the digits 0\u00a0and\n                                                1\u00a0in cases where they immediately follow a letter).\n\n19.54\nShip stations\n\n19.55 \u00a7 24\n\n\u2013 two characters and two letters, or\n\n\u2013 two characters, two letters and one digit (other than the digits 0\u00a0or 1), or\n\n\u2013 two characters (provided that the second is a letter) followed by four digits (other\n                                                than the digits 0\u00a0or 1\u00a0in cases where they immediately follow a letter), or\n\n\u2013 two characters and one letter followed by four digits (other than the digits 0\u00a0or\n                                                1\u00a0in cases where they immediately follow a letter). (WRC-07)\n\n19.56 (SUP \u2013 WRC-07)\n\n19.57\nAircraft stations\n\n19.58 \u00a7 25\n\n\u2013 two characters and three letters.\n\n19.59\nShip\u2019s survival craft stations\n\n19.60 \u00a7 26\n\n\u2013 the call sign of the parent ship followed by two digits (other than the digits 0\u00a0or\n                                                1\u00a0in cases where they immediately follow a letter).\n\n19.61\nEmergency position-indicating radiobeacon stations\n\n19.62 \u00a7 27\n\n\u2013 the Morse letter B and/or the call sign of the parent ship to which the radiobeacon\n                                                belongs.\n\n19.63\nAircraft survival craft stations\n\n19.64 \u00a7 28\n\n\u2013 the complete call sign of the parent aircraft (see No. 19.58), followed by a single digit other than 0\u00a0or 1.\n\n19.65\nLand mobile stations\n\n19.66 \u00a7 29\n\n\u2013 two characters (provided that the second is a letter) followed by four digits (other\n                                                than the digits 0\u00a0or 1\u00a0in cases where they immediately follow a letter), or\n\n\u2013 two characters and one or two letters followed by four digits (other than the digits\n                                                0\u00a0or 1\u00a0in cases where they immediately follow a letter).\n\n19.67\nAmateur and experimental stations\n\n19.68 \u00a7 30\u00a01)\n\n\u2013 one character (provided that it is the letter B, F, G, I, K, M, N, R or W) and a single\n                                                digit (other than 0\u00a0or 1), followed by a group of not more than four characters, the\n                                                last of which shall be a letter, or\n\n\u2013 two characters and a single digit (other than 0\u00a0or 1), followed by a group of not\n                                                more than four characters, the last of which shall be a letter.124 (WRC-03)\n\n19.68A 1A) On special occasions, for temporary use, administrations may authorize use of\n                                          call signs with more than the four characters referred to in No. 19.68. (WRC-03)\n\n19.69 2) However, the prohibition of the use of the digits 0\u00a0and 1\u00a0does not apply to amateur\n                                          stations.\n\n19.70\nStations in the space service\n\n19.71 \u00a7 31\u00a0When call signs for stations in the space service are employed, it is recommended\n                                          that they consist of:\n\n\u2013 two characters followed by two or three digits (other than the digits 0\u00a0and 1\u00a0in cases\n                                                where they immediately follow a letter).\n\nSection IV \u2212 Identification of stations using radiotelephony\n\n19.72 \u00a7 32\u00a0Stations using radiotelephony shall be identified as indicated in Nos. 19.73 to 19.82A. (WRC-03)\n\n19.73 \u00a7 33\u00a01) Coast stations\n\n\u2013 a call sign (see No. 19.52); or\n\n\u2013 the geographical name of the place as it appears in the List of Coast Stations and\n                                                Special Service Stations, followed preferably by the word RADIO or by any other appropriate\n                                                indication. (WRC-07)\n\n19.74 2) Ship stations\n\n\u2013 a call sign (see No. 19.55); or\n\n\u2013 the official name of the ship preceded, if necessary, by the name of the owner on\n                                                condition that there is no possible confusion with distress, urgency and safety signals;\n                                                or\n\n\u2013 its selective call number or signal.\n\n19.75 3) Ship\u2019s survival craft stations\n\n\u2013 a call sign (see No. 19.60); or\n\n\u2013 a signal of identification consisting of the name of the parent ship followed by two\n                                                digits.\n\n19.76 4) Emergency position-indicating radiobeacon stations\n\nWhen speech transmission is used:\n\n\u2013 the name and/or the call sign of the parent ship to which the radiobeacon belongs.\n                                                (WRC-07)\n\n19.77 \u00a7 34\u00a01) Aeronautical stations\n\n\u2013 the name of the airport or geographical name of the place followed, if necessary,\n                                                by a suitable word indicating the function of the station.\n\n19.78 2) Aircraft stations\n\n\u2013 a call sign (see No. 19.58), which may be preceded by a word designating the owner or the type of aircraft;\n                                                or\n\n\u2013 a combination of characters corresponding to the official registration mark assigned\n                                                to the aircraft; or\n\n\u2013 a word designating the airline, followed by the flight identification number.\n\n19.79 3) In the exclusive aeronautical mobile frequency bands, aircraft stations using\n                                          radiotelephony may use other methods of identification, after special agreement between\n                                          governments, and on condition that they are internationally known.\n\n19.80 4) Aircraft survival craft stations\n\n\u2013 a call sign (see No. 19.64).\n\n19.81 \u00a7 35\u00a01) Base stations\n\n\u2013 a call sign (see No. 19.52); or\n\n\u2013 the geographical name of the place followed, if necessary, by any other appropriate\n                                                indication.\n\n19.82 2) Land mobile stations\n\n\u2013 a call sign (see No. 19.66); or\n\n\u2013 the identity of the vehicle or any other appropriate indication.\n\n19.82A \u00a7 35A Amateur stations and experimental stations\n\n\u2013 a call sign (see No. 19.68). (WRC-03)\n\nSection V \u2212 Selective call numbers in the maritime mobile service\n\n19.83 \u00a7 36\u00a0When stations of the maritime mobile service use selective calling devices in\n                                          accordance with Recommendations ITU-R M.476-5\u00a0and ITU-R M.625-4, their call numbers\n                                          shall be assigned by the responsible administrations in accordance with the provisions\n                                          below. (WRC-15)\n\n19.84\nFormation of ship station selective call numbers and coast station identification\n                                             numbers\n\n19.85 \u00a7 37\u00a01) The ten digits from 0\u00a0to 9\u00a0inclusive shall be used to form selective call\n                                          numbers.\n\n19.86 2) However, combinations of numbers commencing with the digits 00\u00a0(zero, zero) shall\n                                          not be used when forming the identification numbers for coast stations.\n\n19.87 3) Ship station selective call numbers and coast station identification numbers in\n                                          the series are formed as indicated in Nos. 19.88, 19.89 and 19.90.\n\n19.88 4) Coast station identification numbers\n\n\u2013 four digits (see No. 19.86).\n\n19.89 5) Ship station selective call numbers\n\n\u2013 five digits.\n\n19.90 6) Predetermined groups of ship stations\n\n\u2013 five digits consisting of:\n\n\u2013 the same digit repeated five times; or\n\n\u2013 two different digits repeated alternately.\n\n19.91\nnumbers Assignment of ship station selective call numbers and coast station identification\n\n19.92 \u00a7 38\u00a01) In cases where selective call numbers for ship stations and identification\n\nnumbers for coast stations are required for use in the maritime mobile service, the\n                                          selective call numbers and identification numbers shall be supplied by the Secretary-General\n                                          on request. Upon notification by an administration of the introduction of selective\n                                          calling for use in the maritime mobile service: (WRC-07)\n\n19.93\na) selective call numbers for ships will be supplied as required as single numbers or\n                                          in blocks not exceeding 100\u00a0(one hundred); (WRC-12)\n\n19.94\nb) coast station identification numbers will be supplied in blocks of 10\u00a0(ten) to meet\n                                          actual requirements;\n\n19.95\nc) selective call numbers for selective calling of predetermined groups of ship stations\n                                          in accordance with No. 19.90 will be supplied as required as single numbers.\n\n19.96 2) Each administration shall choose the selective call numbers to be assigned to\n                                          its ship stations from the blocks of the series supplied to it. Administrations shall\n                                          notify the Bureau immediately in accordance with No. 20.16 when assigning selective call numbers to ship stations.\n\n19.96A 3) Five-digit ship station selective call numbers shall be assigned for narrow-band\n                                          direct printing (NBDP) equipment (as described in Recommendation ITU-R M.476-5). (WRC-07)\n\n19.97 4) Each administration shall choose the coast station identification numbers to be\n                                          assigned to its coast stations from the blocks of the series supplied to it.\n\nSection VI \u2212 Identities in the maritime mobile service (WRC-12)\n\n19.98A \u2212 General\n\n19.99 \u00a7 39\u00a0When a station125 operating in the maritime mobile service or the maritime mobile- satellite service\n                                          is required to use maritime mobile service identities, the responsible administration\n                                          shall assign the identity to the station in accordance with the provisions described\n                                          in Annex 1\u00a0of Recommendation ITU-R M.585-8. In accordance with No. 20.16, administrations shall notify the Radiocommunication Bureau immediately when assigning\n                                          maritime mobile service identities. (WRC-19)\n\n19.100 \u00a7 40\u00a01) Maritime mobile service identities are formed of a series of nine digits\n                                          which are transmitted over the radio path in order to uniquely identify ship stations,\n                                          ship earth stations, coast stations, coast earth stations, and other non-shipborne\n                                          stations operating in the maritime mobile service or the maritime mobile-satellite\n                                          service, and group calls. (WRC-07)\n\n19.101 2) These identities are formed in such a way that the identity or part thereof can\n                                          be used by telephone and telex subscribers connected to the public telecommunications\n                                          network principally to call ships automatically in the shore-to-ship direction. Access\n                                          to public networks may also be achieved by means of free-form numbering plans, so\n                                          long as the ship can be uniquely identified using the system\u2019s registration database\n                                          (see No. 19.31A) to obtain the ship station identity, call sign or ship name and nationality. (WRC-03)\n\n19.102 3) The types of maritime mobile service identities shall be as described in Annex\n                                          1\u00a0of Recommendation ITU-R M.585-8. (WRC-19)\n\n19.103 (SUP \u2013 WRC-07)\n\n19.104 (SUP \u2013 WRC-07)\n\n19.105 (SUP \u2013 WRC-07)\n\n19.106 (SUP \u2013 WRC-07)\n\n19.107 (SUP \u2013 WRC-07)\n\n19.108\nB \u2212 Maritime identification digits (MIDs)\n\n19.108A \u00a7 41\u00a0The maritime identification digits M1I2D3\u00a0are an integral part of the maritime mobile service identity and denote, in principle,\n                                          the administration responsible for the station so identified. In some cases, M1I2D3\u00a0may denote a geographical area under the responsibility of a specific administration.\n                                          Furthermore, as indicated in the most recent version of Recommendation ITU-R M.585,\n                                          some maritime identification digits are reserved for maritime devices and do not correspond\n                                          either to an administration or to a geographical area. (WRC-15)\n\n19.109 (SUP \u2013 WRC-03)\n\n19.110\nC \u2212 Maritime mobile service identities (WRC-07)\n\n19.111 \u00a7 43\u00a01) Administrations shall follow Annex 1\u00a0of Recommendation ITU-R M.585-8\u00a0concerning\n                                          the assignment and use of maritime mobile service identities. (WRC-19)\n\n19.112 2) Administrations should: (WRC-07)\n\n19.113\na) make optimum use of the possibilities of forming identities from the single MID allocated\n                                          to them; (WRC-07)\n\n19.114 (SUP \u2013 WRC-19)\n\n19.115 (SUP \u2013 WRC-03)\n\n19.116 (SUP \u2013 WRC-03)\n\n19.117 to 19.126 (SUP \u2013 WRC-07)\n\nSection VII \u2212 Special provisions\n\n19.127 \u00a7 47\u00a01) In the aeronautical mobile service, after communication has been established\n                                          by means of the complete call sign, the aircraft station may use, if confusion is\n                                          unlikely to arise, an abbreviated call sign or identification consisting of:\n\n19.128\na) in radiotelegraphy, the first character and last two letters of the complete call\n                                          sign (see No. 19.58);\n\n19.129\nb) in radiotelephony:\n\n\u2013 the first character of the complete call sign; or\n\n\u2013 the abbreviation of the name of the owner of the aircraft (company or individual);\n                                                or\n\n\u2013 the type of aircraft;\n\nfollowed by the last two letters of the complete call sign (see No. 19.58) or by the last two characters of the registration mark.\n\n19.130 2) The provisions of Nos. 19.127, 19.128 and 19.129 may be amplified or modified by agreement between administrations concerned.\n\n19.131 \u00a7 48\u00a0The distinguishing signals allotted to ships for visual and aural signalling\n                                          shall, in general, agree with the call signs of ship stations.\n\nSection I \u2212 Titles and contents of service publications (WRC-03)\n\n20.1 \u00a7 1\u00a0The following publications shall be issued by the Secretary-General. As circumstances\n                                          warrant and in response to individual requests by administrations, the published information\n                                          shall also be available in various formats and by appropriate means. (WRC-07)\n\n20.2 \u00a7 2\u00a0BR IFIC \u2212 The International Frequency Information Circular. (WRC-19)\n\n20.3 The BR IFIC shall contain: (WRC-19)\n\n20.4\na) particulars of frequency assignments recorded in the Master International Frequency\n                                          Register;\n\n20.5\nb) the frequencies prescribed by these Regulations for common use by certain services;\n                                          (WRC-07)\n\n20.6\nc) the allotments in the Allotment Plans included in Appendices 25, 26 and 27.\n\n20.7\n\u00a7 3\u00a0List IV \u2212 List of Coast Stations and Special Service Stations. (WRC-07)\n\n20.8\n\u00a7 4\u00a0List V \u2212 List of Ship Stations and Maritime Mobile Service Identity Assignments. (WRC-07)\n\n20.9 (SUP \u2013 WRC-07)\n\n20.10 (SUP \u2013 WRC-07)\n\n20.11 (SUP \u2013 WRC-2000)\n\n20.12 \u00a7 8\u00a0List VIII \u2212 List of International Monitoring Stations.\n\n20.13 \u00a7 9\u00a0List VIII A \u2212 List of Stations in the Space Radiocommunication Services and in the\n                                             Radio Astronomy Service.\n\n20.14 \u00a7 10\u00a0Manual for Use by the Maritime Mobile and Maritime Mobile-Satellite Services.\n\nSection II \u2212 Online information systems (WRC-07)\n\n20.14\u00a0A \u00a7 10A The following online information system(s) are made available by the Radiocommunication\n                                          Bureau:\n\nthe ITU Maritime mobile Access and Retrieval System (MARS). (WRC-07)\n\nSection III \u2212 Preparation and amendment of service publications and online information\n                                          systems (WRC-07)\n\n20.15 \u00a7 11\u00a0The form, the content and the periodicity of each publication shall be decided\n                                          by the Radiocommunication Bureau in consultation with administrations and the international\n                                          organizations concerned. Similar consultation shall be made with regard to the maritime\n                                          online information systems. (WRC-07)\n\n20.16 \u00a7 12\u00a01) Administrations shall take all appropriate measures to notify the Radiocommunication\n                                          Bureau immediately of any changes in the operational information contained in Lists\n                                          IV and V, in view of the importance of this information, particularly with regard\n                                          to safety. In the case of the data published in List V, which is also made available\n                                          online through MARS, administrations shall communicate those changes at least once\n                                          a month. In the case of other publications, administrations shall communicate the\n                                          changes in the information contained in them as soon as possible. (WRC-07)\n\n20.16A 2) The names of the administrations which have failed to notify the Radiocommunication\n                                          Bureau of the changes in the operational information contained in Lists IV and V shall\n                                          be published in these Lists. (WRC-07)\n\n20.16\u00a0B 3) The Radiocommunication Bureau will periodically request administrations to reconfirm\n                                          the information published in Lists IV and V. If no information has been received by\n                                          the Radiocommunication Bureau for two consecutive editions of Lists IV and V, unvalidated\n                                          information shall be deleted. The Radiocommunication Bureau shall however inform the\n                                          administration concerned before taking such action. (WRC-07)\n\n20.17 \u00a7 13\u00a0For the purpose of the service publications, a \u201ccountry\u201d shall be understood\n                                          to mean the territory within the limits of which the station is located; a territory\n                                          which does not have full responsibility for its international relations shall also\n                                          be considered as a country for this purpose. (WRC-03)\n\nSection I \u2212 Choice of sites and frequencies\n\n21.1 \u00a7 1\u00a0Sites and frequencies for terrestrial stations and earth stations, operating\n                                          in frequency bands shared with equal rights between terrestrial radiocommunication\n                                          and space radiocommunication services, shall be selected having regard to the relevant\n                                          ITU-R Recommendations with respect to geographical separation between earth stations\n                                          and terrestrial stations.\n\n21.2 \u00a7 2\u00a01) As far as practicable, sites for transmitting126,\u00a0127 stations, in the fixed or mobile service, employing maximum values of equivalent\n                                          isotropically radiated power (e.i.r.p.) exceeding the values given in Table 21-1 in the frequency bands indicated, should be selected so that the direction of maximum\n                                          radiation of any antenna will be separated from the geostationary-satellite orbit\n                                          by at least the angle in degrees shown in the Table, taking into account the effect\n                                          of atmospheric refraction128: (WRC-12)\n\nFrequency band (GHz)\n\ne.i.r.p. value (dBW) (see also Nos. 21.2\u00a0and 21.4)\n\nMinimum separation angle with respect to geostationary-satellite orbit (degrees)\n\n1-10\n\n+35\n\n2\n\n10-15\n\n+45\n\n1.5\n\n25.25-27.5\n\n+24\u00a0(in any 1\u00a0MHz band)\n\n1.5\n\nOther bands above 15\u00a0GHz\n\n+55\n\nNo limit1)\n\n1)\n21.2.4 For frequency bands above 15\u00a0GHz (except 25.25-27.5\u00a0GHz), there is no restriction\n                                          on the angular separation for transmitting stations of the fixed or mobile service.\n                                          This matter is being studied in ITU-R.\n\nSection II \u2212 Power limits for terrestrial stations\n\n21.3 \u00a7 3\u00a01) The maximum equivalent isotropically radiated power (e.i.r.p.) of a station\n                                          in the fixed or mobile service shall not exceed +55\u00a0dBW.\n\n21.4 2) Where compliance with No. 21.2 for frequency bands between 1\u00a0GHz and 10\u00a0GHz is impracticable, the maximum equivalent\n                                          isotropically radiated power (e.i.r.p.) of a station in the fixed or mobile service\n                                          shall not exceed:\n\n+47\u00a0dBW in any direction within 0.5\u00b0 of the geostationary-satellite orbit; or\n\n+47\u00a0dBW to +55\u00a0dBW, on a linear decibel scale (8\u00a0dB per degree), in any direction\n                                          between 0.5\u00b0 and 1.5\u00b0 of the geostationary-satellite orbit, taking into account the\n                                          effect of atmospheric refraction129.\n\n21.5 3) The power delivered by a transmitter to the antenna of a station in the fixed\n                                          or mobile services shall not exceed +13\u00a0dBW in frequency bands between 1\u00a0GHz and 10\u00a0GHz,\n                                          or\n\n+10\u00a0dBW in frequency bands above 10\u00a0GHz, except as cited in No. 21.5A. (WRC-2000)\n\n21.5A As an exception to the power levels given in No. 21.5, the sharing environment within which the Earth exploration-satellite (passive) and\n                                          space research (passive) services shall operate in the band 18.6-18.8\u00a0GHz is defined\n                                          by the following limitations on the operation of the fixed service: the power of each\n                                          RF carrier frequency delivered to the input of each antenna of a station in the fixed\n                                          service in the band 18.6-18.8\u00a0GHz shall not exceed \u22123\u00a0dBW. (WRC-2000)\n\n21.6 4) The limits given in Nos. 21.2, 21.3, 21.4, 21.5 and 21.5A apply, where applicable, to the services and frequency bands indicated in Table 21-2 for reception by space stations where the frequency bands are shared with equal rights\n                                          with the fixed or mobile services: (WRC-2000)\n\nFrequency band\n\nService\n\nLimit as specified in Nos.\n\n1\u00a0427-1\u00a0429\u00a0MHz\n\n1\u00a0610-1\u00a0645.5\u00a0MHz (No. 5.359)\n\n1\u00a0646.5-1\u00a0660\u00a0MHz (No. 5.359)\n\n1\u00a0980-2\u00a0010\u00a0MHz\n\n2\u00a0010-2\u00a0025\u00a0MHz (Region 2)\n\n2\u00a0025-2\u00a0110\u00a0MHz\n\n2\u00a0200-2\u00a0290\u00a0MHz\n\n2\u00a0655-2\u00a0670\u00a0MHz1) (Regions 2\u00a0and 3)\n\n2\u00a0670-2\u00a0690\u00a0MHz1) (Regions 2\u00a0and 3)\n\n5\u00a0670-5\u00a0725\u00a0MHz (Nos. 5.453 and 5.455)\n\n5\u00a0725-5\u00a0755\u00a0MHz1) (Region 1\u00a0countries listed in\n\nNos. 5.453 and 5.455)\n\n5\u00a0755-5\u00a0850\u00a0MHz 5\u00a0(Region 1\u00a0countries listed in\n\nNos. 5.453 and 5.455)\n\n7\u00a015\u00a0850-7\u00a0075\u00a0MHz\n\n45-7\u00a0235\u00a0MHz2)\n\n7\u00a0900-8\u00a0400\u00a0MHz\n\nFixed-satellite\n\nMeteorological-satellite\n\nSpace research\n\nSpace operation\n\nEarth exploration-satellite\n\nMobile-satellite\n\n21.2, 21.3,\n\n21.4 and 21.5\n\n10.7-11.7\u00a0GHz1) (Region 1)\n\n12.5-12.75\u00a0GHz1) (Nos. 5.494 and 5.496)\n\n12.7-12.75\u00a0GHz1) (Region 2)\n\n12.75-13.25\u00a0GHz\n\n13.75-14\u00a0GHz (Nos. 5.499 and 5.500)\n\n14.0-14.25\u00a0GHz (No. 5.505)\n\n14.25-14.3\u00a0GHz (Nos. 5.505 and 5.508)\n\n14.3-14.4\u00a0GHz1) (Regions 1\u00a0and 3)\n\n14.4-14.5\u00a0GHz\n\n14.5-14.8\u00a0GHz\n\n51.4-52.4\u00a0GHz\n\nFixed-satellite\n\n21.2, 21.3 and 21.5\n\n17.7-18.4\u00a0GHz\n\n18.6-18.8\u00a0GHz\n\n19.3-19.7\u00a0GHz\n\n22.55-23.55\u00a0GHz\n\n24.45-24.75\u00a0GHz (Regions 1\u00a0and 3)\n\n24.75-25.25\u00a0GHz (Region 3)\n\n25.25-29.5\u00a0GHz\n\nFixed-satellite\n\nEarth exploration-satellite\n\nSpace research\n\nInter-satellite\n\n21.2, 21.3, 21.5\n\nand 21.5A\n\n1)\n21.6.1 The equality of right to operate when a band of frequencies is allocated in different\n                                          Regions to different services of the same category is established in No. 4.8. Therefore any limits concerning inter-Regional interference which may appear in\n                                          ITU-R Recommendations should, as far as practicable, be observed by administrations.\n\n2) For this frequency band only the limits of Nos. 21.3 and 21.5 apply.\n\n21.7 5) Transhorizon systems in the 1\u00a0700-1\u00a0710\u00a0MHz, 1\u00a0980-2\u00a0010\u00a0MHz, 2\u00a0025-2\u00a0110\u00a0MHz\n                                          and 2\u00a0200-2\u00a0290\u00a0MHz bands may exceed the limits given in Nos. 21.3 and 21.5, but the provisions of Nos. 21.2 and 21.4 should be observed. Considering the difficult sharing conditions with other services,\n                                          administrations are urged to keep the number of transhorizon systems in these bands\n                                          to a minimum. (WRC-2000)\n\nSection III \u2212 Power limits for earth stations\n\n21.8 \u00a7 4\u00a01) The equivalent isotropically radiated power (e.i.r.p.) transmitted in any\n                                          direction towards the horizon by an earth station shall not exceed the following limits\n                                          except as provided in No. 21.10 or 21.11:\n\na) in frequency bands between 1\u00a0GHz and 15\u00a0GHz\n\n+40\u00a0dBW in any 4\u00a0kHz band for \u03b8 \u2264 0\u00b0\n\n+40\u00a0+ 3\u00a0\u03b8 dBW in any 4\u00a0kHz band for 0\u00b0 < \u03b8 \u2264 5\u00b0; and\n\nb) in frequency bands above 15\u00a0GHz\n\n+64\u00a0dBW in any 1\u00a0MHz band for \u03b8 \u2264 0\u00b0\n\n+64\u00a0+ 3\u00a0\u03b8 dBW in any 1\u00a0MHz band for 0\u00b0 < \u03b8 \u2264 5\u00b0,\n\nwhere \u03b8 is the angle of elevation of the horizon viewed from the centre of radiation\n                                          of the antenna of the earth station and measured in degrees as positive above the\n                                          horizontal plane and negative below it.\n\n21.9 2) For angles of elevation of the horizon greater than 5\u00b0 there shall be no restriction\n                                          as to the equivalent isotropically radiated power (e.i.r.p.) transmitted by an earth\n                                          station towards the horizon.\n\n21.10 3) As an exception to the limits given in No. 21.8, the equivalent isotropically radiated power (e.i.r.p.) towards the horizon for an\n                                          earth station in the space research service (deep space) shall not exceed +55\u00a0dBW\n                                          in any 4\u00a0kHz band in frequency bands between 1\u00a0GHz and 15\u00a0GHz, or +79\u00a0dBW in any 1\u00a0MHz\n                                          band in frequency bands above 15\u00a0GHz.\n\n21.11 4) The limits given in Nos. 21.8 and 21.10, as applicable, may be exceeded by not more than 10\u00a0dB. However, when the resulting\n                                          coordination area extends into the territory of another country, such increase shall\n                                          be subject to agreement by the administration of that country.\n\n21.12 5) The limits given in No. 21.8 apply, where applicable, to the services and frequency bands indicated in Table 21-3 below for transmission by earth stations where the frequency bands are shared with\n                                          equal rights with the fixed or mobile service:\n\nFrequency band\n\nServices\n\n2\u00a0025-2\u00a0110\u00a0MHz\n\nEarth exploration-satellite\n\n5\u00a0670-5\u00a0725\u00a0MHz\n\n(for the countries listed in No. 5.454 with respect to the countries listed in Nos. 5.453 and 5.455)\n\nFixed-satellite\n\nMeteorological-satellite\n\n5\u00a0725-5\u00a0755\u00a0MHz1)\n\n(for Region 1\u00a0with respect to the countries listed in Nos. 5.453 and 5.455)\n\nMobile-satellite Space operation\n\n5\u00a0755-5\u00a0850\u00a0MHz1)\n\n(for Region 1\u00a0with respect to the countries listed in Nos. 5.453 and 5.455)\n\nSpace research\n\n5\u00a0850-7\u00a0075\u00a0MHz\n\n7\u00a0190-7\u00a0250\u00a0MHz\n\n7\u00a0900-8\u00a0400\u00a0MHz\n\n10.7-11.7\u00a0GHz1)\n\n(for Region 1)\n\n12.5-12.75\u00a0GHz1)\n\n(for Region 1\u00a0with respect to the countries listed in No. 5.494)\n\n12.7-12.75\u00a0GHz1)\n\n(for Region 2)\n\n12.75-13.25\u00a0GHz\n\n14.0-14.25\u00a0GHz\n\n(with respect to the countries listed in No. 5.505)\n\n14.25-14.3\u00a0GHz\n\n(with respect to the countries listed in Nos. 5.505 and 5.508)\n\n14.3-14.4\u00a0GHz1)\n\n(for Regions 1\u00a0and 3)\n\n14.4-14.8\u00a0GHz\n\n17.7-18.1\u00a0GHz\n\nFixed-satellite\n\n22.55-23.15\u00a0GHz\n\nEarth exploration-satellite\n\n27.0-27.5\u00a0GHz1)\n\n(for Regions 2\u00a0and 3)\n\nMobile-satellite\n\n27.5-29.5\u00a0GHz\n\nSpace research\n\n31.0-31.3\u00a0GHz\n\n(for the countries listed in No. 5.545)\n\n34.2-35.2\u00a0GHz\n\n(for the countries listed in No. 5.550 with respect to the countries listed in No. 5.549)\n\n51.4-52.4\u00a0GHz\n\nFixed-satellite\n\n1)\n21.12.1 The equality of right to operate when a band of frequencies is allocated in different\n                                          Regions to different services of the same category is established in No. 4.8. Therefore any limits concerning inter-Regional interference which may appear in\n                                          ITU-R Recommendations should, as far as practicable, be observed by administrations.\n\n21.13 6) The equivalent isotropically radiated power (e.i.r.p.) transmitted in any direction\n                                          by an earth station in the radiodetermination-satellite service in the band 1\u00a0610-1\u00a0626.5\u00a0MHz\n                                          shall not exceed \u22123\u00a0dBW in any 4\u00a0kHz band.\n\n21.13A 7) In the band 13.75-14\u00a0GHz, the level of off-axis e.i.r.p. emitted by an earth station\n                                          of a geostationary fixed-satellite service network with an antenna diameter smaller\n                                          than 4.5\u00a0m shall not exceed the following values:\n\nAngle off-axis (degrees)\n\nMaximum e.i.r.p. in any 1\u00a0MHz band (dBW)\n\n2\u00a0\u2264 \u03c6 \u2264 7\n\n43\u00a0\u2212 25\u00a0log \u03c6\n\n7< \u03c6 \u2264 9.2\n\n22\n\n9.2\u00a0< \u03c6 \u2264 48\n\n46\u00a0\u2212 25\u00a0log \u03c6\n\n\u03c6 > 48\n\n4\n\n(WRC-03)\n\nSection IV \u2212 Minimum angle of elevation of earth stations\n\n21.14 \u00a7 5\u00a01) Earth station antennas shall not be employed for transmission at elevation\n                                          angles of less than 3\u00b0 measured from the horizontal plane to the direction of maximum\n                                          radiation, except when agreed to by administrations concerned and those whose services\n                                          may be affected. In case of reception by an earth station, the above value shall be\n                                          used for coordination purposes if the operating angle of elevation is less than that\n                                          value.\n\n21.15 2) As an exception to No. 21.14, earth station antennas in the space research service (near Earth) shall not be employed\n                                          for transmission at elevation angles of less than 5\u00b0, and earth station antennas in\n                                          the space research service (deep space) shall not be employed for transmission at\n                                          elevation angles of less than 10\u00b0, both angles being those measured from the horizontal\n                                          plane to the direction of maximum radiation. In the case of reception by an earth\n                                          station, the above values shall be used for coordination purposes if the operating\n                                          angle of elevation is less than those values.\n\nSection V \u2212 Limits of power flux-density from space stations\n\n21.16 \u00a7 6\u00a01) The power flux-density at the Earth\u2019s surface produced by emissions from a\n                                          space station, including emissions from a reflecting satellite, for all conditions\n                                          and for all methods of modulation, shall not exceed the limit given in Table 21-4. The limit relates to the power flux-density which would be obtained under assumed\n                                          free-space propagation conditions and applies to emissions by a space station of the\n                                          service indicated where the frequency bands are shared with equal rights with the\n                                          fixed or mobile service, unless otherwise stated.\n\nFrequency band\n\nService1)\n\nLimit in dB(W/m2\n) for angles of arrival (\u03b4) above the horizontal plane\n\nReference bandwidth\n\n0\u00b0-5\u00b0\n\n5\u00b0-25\u00b0\n\n25\u00b0-90\u00b0\n\n1\u00a0670-1\u00a0700\u00a0MHz\n\nEarth exploration-satellite\n\nMeteorological-satellite\n\n\u2212133\n\n(value based on sharing with meteorological aids service)\n\n1.5\u00a0MHz\n\n1\u00a0518-1\u00a0525\u00a0MHz\n\n(Applicable to the territory of the United States in Region 2\u00a0between the longitudes\n                                                         71\u00b0 W and 125\u00b0 W)\n\nMobile-satellite (space-to-Earth)\n\n0\u00b0 \u2264 \u03b4\n\n\u2264 4\u00b0\n\n4\u00b0 < \u03b4 \u2264 20\u00b0\n\n20\u00b0 < \u03b4 \u2264 60\u00b0\n\n60\u00b0 < \u03b4 \u2264 90\u00b0\n\n4\u00a0kHz\n\n\u2212181.0\n\n\u2212193.0\u00a0+\n\n20\u00a0log \u03b4\n\n\u2212213.3\u00a0+\n\n35.6\u00a0log \u03b4\n\n\u2212150.0\n\n1\u00a0518-1\u00a0525\u00a0MHz\n\n(Applicable to all other territory of the United States in Region 2)\n\nMobile-satellite (space-to-Earth)\n\n0\u00b0 \u2264 \u03b4 \u2264 43.4\u00b0\n\n43.4\u00b0 < \u03b4 \u2264 60\u00b0\n\n60\u00b0 < \u03b4 \u2264 90\u00b0\n\n4\u00a0kHz\n\n\u2212155.0\n\n\u2212213.3\u00a0+ 35.6\u00a0log \u03b4\n\n\u2212150.0\n\n1\u00a0525-1\u00a0530\u00a0MHz2)\n\n(Region 1, Region 3)\n\n1\u00a0670-1\u00a0690\u00a0MHz3)\n\n1\u00a0690-1\u00a0700\u00a0MHz\n\n(Nos. 5.381 and\n\n5.382)\n\n1\u00a0700-1\u00a0710\u00a0MHz\n\n2\u00a0025-2\u00a0110\u00a0MHz\n\n2\u00a0200-2\u00a0300\u00a0MHz\n\nMeteorological-satellite (space-to-Earth)\n\nSpace research (space-to-Earth)\n\n(space-to-space)\n\nSpace operation (space-to-Earth) (space-to-space)\n\nEarth exploration-satellite\n\n(space-to-Earth) (space-to-space)\n\n0\u00b0-5\u00b0\n\n5\u00b0-25\u00b0\n\n25\u00b0-90\u00b0\n\n4\u00a0kHz\n\n\u22121544)\n\n\u2212154\u00a0+ 0.5(\u03b4 \u2212 5)4)\n\n\u22121444)\n\n2\u00a0500-2\u00a0690\u00a0MHz\n\n2\u00a0520-2\u00a0670\u00a0MHz\n\n2\u00a0500-2\u00a0516.5\u00a0MHz\n\n(No. 5.404)\n\n2\u00a0500-2\u00a0520\u00a0MHz\n\n2\u00a0520-2\u00a0535\u00a0MHz\n\n(No. 5.403)\n\nFixed-satellite\n\nBroadcasting-satellite\n\nRadiodetermination-satellite\n\nMobile-satellite Mobile-satellite (except aeronautical\n\nmobile-satellite)\n\n\u22121365)\n\n\u2212136\u00a0+ 11/20(\u03b4 \u2212 5)5)\n\n\u22121255)\n\n1\u00a0MHz\n\n3\u00a0400-4\u00a0200\u00a0MHz\n\nFixed-satellite (space-to-Earth) (geostationary-satellite orbit)\n\n\u2212152\n\n\u2212152\u00a0+ 0.5(\u03b4 \u2212 5)\n\n\u2212142\n\n4\u00a0kHz\n\n3\u00a0400-4\u00a0200\u00a0MHz\n\nFixed-satellite\n\n(space-to-Earth) (non-geostationary-satellite orbit)\n\n\u2212138\u00a0\u2212 Y6) , 7)\n\n\u2212138\u00a0\u2212 Y + (12\u00a0+ Y)(\u03b4 \u2212 5)/206), 7)\n\n\u22121267)\n\n1\u00a0MHz\n\n1) The references to services are those services which have allocations in Article 5.\n\n2)\n21.16.1 The equality of right to operate when a frequency band is allocated in different\n                                          Regions to different services of the same category is established in No. 4.8. Therefore, any limits concerning inter-Regional interference which may appear in\n                                          ITU-R Recommendations should, as far as practicable, be observed by administrations.\n\n3)\n21.16.5 These values are applicable where this band is shared with equal rights with meteorological\n                                          aids service.\n\n4)\n21.16.3 These power flux-density values are derived on the basis of protecting the fixed\n                                          service using line-of-sight techniques. Where a fixed service using tropospheric scatter\n                                          operates in the bands listed in the first column and there is insufficient frequency\n                                          separation, there must be sufficient angular separation between the direction to the\n                                          space station and the direction of maximum radiation of the antenna of the receiving\n                                          station of the fixed service using tropospheric scatter, in order to ensure that the\n                                          interference power at the receiver input of the fixed-service station does not exceed\n                                          \u2212168\u00a0dBW in any 4\u00a0kHz band.\n\n5)\n21.16.3A Resolution 903\u00a0(Rev.WRC-19) shall apply. (WRC-19)\n\n6)\n21.16.15 The value of Y is defined as Y = 0\u00a0for max(NN, NS) \u2264 2; Y = 5\u00a0log(max(NN, NS)) for max(NN, NS) >2, where NN is the maximum number of space stations in a system simultaneously transmitting on\n                                          a co-frequency basis in the fixed-satellite service in the Northern Hemisphere, and\n                                          NS is the maximum number of space stations in the same system simultaneously transmitting\n                                          on a co-frequency basis in the fixed-satellite service in the Southern Hemisphere.\n                                          In determining NN and NS, two space stations simultaneously transmitting during periods of short-duration\n                                          handover shall be considered as one satellite. (WRC-03)\n\n7)\n21.16.16 The applicability of these limits may need to be reviewed by a future competent conference\n                                          if the number of co-frequency non-geostationary systems brought into use and simultaneously\n                                          operating in the same hemisphere is greater than five. (WRC-03)\n\nFrequency band\n\nService1)\n\nLimit in dB(W/m2\n) for angles of arrival (\u03b4) above the horizontal plane\n\nReference bandwidth\n\n0\u00b0-5\u00b0\n\n5\u00b0-25\u00b0\n\n25\u00b0-90\u00b0\n\n4\u00a0500-4\u00a0800\u00a0MHz\n\n5\u00a0670-5\u00a0725\u00a0MHz\n\n(Nos. 5.453\n\nand 5.455)\n\n7\u00a0250-7\u00a0900\u00a0MHz\n\nFixed-satellite (space-to-Earth)\n\nMeteorological-satellite (space-to-Earth) Mobile-satellite\n\nSpace research\n\n\u2212152\n\n\u2212152\u00a0+ 0.5(\u03b4 \u2212 5)\n\n\u2212142\n\n4\u00a0kHz\n\n5\u00a0150-5\u00a0216\u00a0MHz\n\nFixed-satellite (space-to-Earth)\n\n\u2212164\n\n4\u00a0kHz\n\n6\u00a0700-6\u00a0825\u00a0MHz\n\nFixed-satellite (space-to-Earth)\n\n\u22121372)\n\n\u2212137\u00a0+ 0.5(\u03b4 \u2212 5)\n\n\u2212127\n\n1\u00a0MHz\n\n6\u00a0825-7\u00a0075\u00a0MHz\n\nFixed-satellite (space-to-Earth)\n\n\u2212154\n\nand\n\n\u2212134\n\n\u2212154\u00a0+ 0.5(\u03b4 \u2212 5)\n\nand\n\n\u2212134\u00a0+ 0.5(\u03b4 \u2212 5)\n\n\u2212144\n\nand\n\n\u2212124\n\n4\u00a0kHz\n\n1\u00a0MHz\n\n8\u00a0025-8\u00a0500\u00a0MHz\n\nEarth exploration-satellite (space-to-Earth)\n\nSpace research (space-to-Earth)\n\n\u2212150\n\n\u2212150\u00a0+ 0.5(\u03b4 \u2212 5)\n\n\u2212140\n\n4\u00a0kHz\n\n9\u00a0900-10\u00a0400\u00a0MHz\n\nEarth exploration-satellite\n\n(active)\n\n0\u00b0-5.7\u00b0\n\n5.7\u00b0-53\u00b0\n\n53\u00b0-90\u00b0\n\n1\u00a0MHz\n\n\u22121133)\n\n\u2212109\u00a0+ 25\u00a0log(\u03b4 \u2212 5)3)\n\n\u221266.63)\n\n10.7-11.7\u00a0GHz\n\nFixed-satellite (space-to-Earth)\n\n(geostationary-satellite orbit)\n\n0\u00b0-5\u00b0\n\n5\u00b0-25\u00b0\n\n25\u00b0-90\u00b0\n\n4\u00a0kHz\n\n\u2212150\n\n\u2212150\u00a0+ 0.5(\u03b4 \u2212 5)\n\n\u2212140\n\n10.7-11.7\u00a0GHz\n\nFixed-satellite (space-to-Earth) (non-geostationary-satellite orbit)4)\n\n\u2212126\n\n\u2212126\u00a0+ 0.5(\u03b4 \u2212 5)\n\n\u2212116\n\n1\u00a0MHz\n\n10.7-11.7\u00a0GHz\n\n11.7-12.5\u00a0GHz\n\n(Region 1)\n\n12.5-12.75\u00a0GHz\n\n(Region 1\u00a0countries listed in Nos. 5.494 and 5.496)\n\n11.7-12.7\u00a0GHz\n\n(Region 2)\n\n11.7-12.75\u00a0GHz\n\n(Region 3)\n\nFixed-satellite (space-to-Earth) (non-geostationary-satellite orbit)5)\n\n\u22121296)\n\n\u2212129\u00a0+ 0.75(\u03b4 \u2212 5)6)\n\n\u22121146)\n\n1\u00a0MHz\n\n1) The references to services are those services which have allocations in Article 5.\n\n2)\n21.16.7 These power flux-density limits are subject to review by ITU-R and shall apply until\n                                          they are revised by a competent world radiocommunication conference.\n\n3)\n21.16.8 The pfd values given for EESS (active) are mean pfd values defined as follows:\n\nwhere:\n\nP: RF peak power at the input of the antenna of the SAR satellite (dBW)\n\n\u03c4: SAR pulse length (\u03bcs)\n\nPRF: SAR pulse repetition frequency (kHz)\n\n\u03b4: elevation angle of the EESS SAR satellite above ground, in the vertical plane (perpendicular\n                                          to the satellite orbit) (\u00b0)\n\nBc: SAR emission bandwidth (MHz)\n\nGt (\u03b4): transmit antenna gain of the SAR satellite in the vertical plane (perpendicular\n                                          to the satellite orbit) for the elevation angle \u00f6 considered (dBi)\n\nd (\u03b4): distance between the SAR satellite and the ground for the elevation angle \u03b4\n                                          considered (m). (WRC-15)\n\n4)\n21.16.18 These limits apply to non-geostationary fixed-satellite service space stations that\n                                          are not covered by No. 21.16.17. (WRC-03)\n\n5)\n21.16.17 These limits apply to non-geostationary fixed-satellite service space stations employing\n                                          an orbit with an inclination angle between 35\u00b0 and 145\u00b0 and apogee altitude greater\n                                          than 18\u00a0000\u00a0km. (WRC-03)\n\n6)\n21.16.16 The applicability of these limits may need to be reviewed by a future competent conference\n                                          if the number of co-frequency non-geostationary systems brought into use and simultaneously\n                                          operating in the same hemisphere is greater than five. (WRC-03)\n\nFrequency band\n\nService1)\n\nLimit in dB(W/m2\n) for angles of arrival (\u03b4) above the horizontal plane\n\nReference bandwidth\n\n0\u00b0-5\u00b0\n\n5\u00b0-25\u00b0\n\n25\u00b0-90\u00b0\n\n11.7-12.5\u00a0GHz\n\n(Region 1)\n\n12.5-12.75\u00a0GHz\n\n(Region 1\u00a0countries listed in Nos. 5.494 and 5.496)\n\n11.7-12.7\u00a0GHz\n\n(Region 2)\n\n11.7-12.75\u00a0GHz\n\n(Region 3)\n\nFixed-satellite (space-to-Earth)\n\n(non-geostationary-satellite orbit)2)\n\n\u2212124\n\n\u2212124\u00a0+ 0.5(\u03b4 \u2212 5)\n\n\u2212114\n\n1\u00a0MHz\n\n12.2-12.75\u00a0GHz3)\n\n(Region 3)\n\n12.5-12.75\u00a0GHz3)\n\n(Region 1\u00a0countries listed in Nos. 5.494 and 5.496)\n\nFixed-satellite (space-to-Earth)\n\n(geostationary-satellite orbit)\n\n\u2212148\n\n\u2212148\u00a0+ 0.5(\u03b4 \u2212 5)\n\n\u2212138\n\n4\u00a0kHz\n\n13.4-13.65\u00a0GHz\n\n(Region 1)\n\nFixed-satellite\n\n(space-to-Earth)\n\n(geostationary-satellite orbit)\n\n0\u00b0-25\u00b0\n\n25\u00b0-80\u00b0\n\n80\u00b0-84\u00b0\n\n84\u00b0-90\u00b0\n\n4\u00a0kHz\n\n\u2212159\u00a0+\n\n0.4\u03b44)\n\n\u22121494)\n\n\u2212149\u00a0\u2212\n\n0.5(\u03b4 \u2212 80)4)\n\n\u22121514)\n\n17.7-19.3\u00a0GHz3), 5)\n\nFixed-satellite (space-to-Earth)\n\nMeteorological-satellite (space-to-Earth)\n\n0\u00b0-5\u00b0\n\n5\u00b0-25\u00b0\n\n25\u00b0-90\u00b0\n\n1\u00a0MHz\n\n\u22121156), 7)\n\nor\n\n\u2212115\u00a0\u2212 X8)\n\n\u2212115\u00a0+ 0.5(\u03b4 \u2212 5)6), 7)\n\nor\n\n\u2212115\u00a0\u2212 X + ((10\u00a0+ X )/20)\n\n(\u03b4 \u2212 5)9)\n\n\u22121056), 7)\n\nor\n\n\u22121058)\n\n17.7-19.3\u00a0GHz3), 5)\n\nFixed-satellite (space-to-Earth)\n\n0\u00b0-3\u00b0\n\n3\u00b0-12\u00b0\n\n12\u00b0-25\u00b0\n\n\u22121059)\n\n1\u00a0MHz\n\n\u22121209)\n\n\u2212120\u00a0+ (8/9)\n\n(\u03b4 \u2212 3)9)\n\n\u2212112\u00a0+ (7/13)\n\n(\u03b4 \u2212 12)9)\n\n19.3-19.7\u00a0GHz\n\nFixed-satellite (space-to-Earth)\n\n0\u00b0-3\u00b0\n\n3\u00b0-12\u00b0\n\n12\u00b0-25\u00b0\n\n\u2212105\u00a016\n\n1\u00a0MHz\n\n\u22121209)\n\n\u2212120\u00a0+ (8/9)\n\n(\u03b4 \u2212 3)9)\n\n\u2212112\u00a0+ (7/13)\n\n(\u03b4 \u2212 12)9)\n\n1) The references to services are those services which have allocations in Article 5.\n\n2)\n21.16.8 The pfd values given for EESS (active) are mean pfd values defined as follows:\n\nwhere:\n\nP: RF peak power at the input of the antenna of the SAR satellite (dBW)\n\n\u03c4: SAR pulse length (\u03bcs)\n\nPRF: SAR pulse repetition frequency (kHz)\n\n\u03b4: elevation angle of the EESS SAR satellite above ground, in the vertical plane (perpendicular\n                                          to the satellite orbit) (\u00b0)\n\nBc: SAR emission bandwidth (MHz)\n\nGt (\u03b4): transmit antenna gain of the SAR satellite in the vertical plane (perpendicular\n                                          to the satellite orbit) for the elevation angle \u00f6 considered (dBi)\n\nd (\u03b4): distance between the SAR satellite and the ground for the elevation angle \u03b4\n                                          considered (m). (WRC-15)\n\n3)\n21.16.1 The equality of right to operate when a frequency band is allocated in different\n                                          Regions to different services of the same category is established in No. 4.8. Therefore, any limits concerning inter-Regional interference which may appear in\n                                          ITU-R Recommendations should, as far as practicable, be observed by administrations.\n\n4)\n21.16.9 These values are also based on sharing with the Earth exploration-satellite (active)\n                                          and space research services. (WRC-15)\n\n5)\n21.16.2 In addition to the limits given in Table 21-4, in the band 18.6-18.8\u00a0GHz the sharing environment within which the Earth exploration-satellite\n                                          (passive) and space research (passive) services shall operate is defined by the following\n                                          limitations on the operation of the fixed-satellite service: the power flux-density\n                                          across the 200\u00a0MHz band 18.6-18.8\u00a0GHz produced at the surface of the Earth by emissions\n                                          from a space station under assumed free-space propagation conditions shall not exceed\n                                          \u221295\u00a0dB(W/m2), except for less than 5% of time, when the limit may be exceeded by up to 3\u00a0dB.\n                                          The provisions of No. 21.17 do not apply in this band. (WRC-2000)\n\n6)\n21.16.6A These limits apply to emissions of a space station in the meteorological-satellite\n                                          service and of a geostationary satellite in the fixed-satellite service. They also\n                                          apply to emissions of any space station in a non- geostationary-satellite system in\n                                          the fixed-satellite service in the band 18.8-19.3\u00a0GHz for which complete coordination\n                                          or notification information has been received by the Radiocommunication Bureau by\n                                          17\u00a0November 1995, or which was in operation by that date. (WRC-2000)\n\n7)\n21.16.6B These limits also apply to fixed-satellite service space stations using highly-inclined\n                                          orbits having an apogee altitude greater than 18\u00a0000\u00a0km and an orbital inclination\n                                          between 35\u00b0 and 145\u00b0 in the band 17.7-19.7\u00a0GHz to which Resolution 147\u00a0(WRC-07) applies. (WRC-07)\n\n8)\n21.16.6 The function X is defined as a function of the number, N, of satellites in the non-geostationary satellite constellation in the fixed-satellite\n                                          service, as follows:\n\nIn the band 18.8-19.3\u00a0GHz, these limits apply to emissions of any space station in\n                                          a non-geostationary-satellite system in the fixed-satellite service for which complete\n                                          coordination or notification information, as appropriate, has been received by the\n                                          Radiocommunication Bureau after 17\u00a0November 1995, and which was not operational by\n                                          that date. (WRC-2000)\n\n9)\n21.16.6C These limits apply to all space stations in the fixed-satellite service that use\n                                          highly-inclined orbits having an apogee altitude greater than 18\u00a0000\u00a0km and an orbital\n                                          inclination between 35\u00b0 and 145\u00b0 in the band 17.7-19.7\u00a0GHz that are not covered by\n                                          Resolution 147\u00a0(WRC-07), and for which complete coordination or notification information, as appropriate,\n                                          was received by the Radiocommunication Bureau after 16\u00a0November 2007. (WRC-07)\n\nFrequency band\n\nService1)\n\nLimit in dB(W/m2\n) for angles of arrival (\u03b4) above the horizontal plane\n\nReference bandwidth\n\n0\u00b0-5\u00b0\n\n5\u00b0-25\u00b0\n\n25\u00b0-90\u00b0\n\n19.3-19.7\u00a0GHz\n\n21.4-22\u00a0GHz\n\n(Regions 1\u00a0and 3)\n\n22.55-23.55\u00a0GHz\n\n24.45-24.75\u00a0GHz\n\n25.25-27.5\u00a0GHz\n\n27.500- 27.501\u00a0GHz\n\nFixed-satellite (space-to-Earth)\n\nBroadcasting-satellite\n\nEarth exploration-satellite (space-to-Earth)\n\nInter-satellite\n\nSpace research (space-to-Earth)\n\n\u22121152)\n\n\u2212115\u00a0+ 0.5(\u03b4 \u2212 5)2)\n\n\u22121052)\n\n1\u00a0MHz\n\n31.0-31.3\u00a0GHz\n\n34.7-35.2\u00a0GHz\n\n(space-to-Earth transmissions referred to in No. 5.550 on the territories of countries listed in No. 5.549)\n\nSpace research\n\n\u2212115\n\n\u2212115\u00a0+ 0.5(\u03b4 \u2212 5)\n\n\u2212105\n\n1\u00a0MHz\n\n31.8-32.3\u00a0GHz\n\nSpace research\n\n\u22121203)\n\n\u2212120\u00a0+ 0.75(\u03b4 \u2212 5)3)\n\n\u2212105\n\n1\u00a0MHz\n\n32.3-33\u00a0GHz\n\nInter-satellite\n\n\u2212135\n\n\u2212135\u00a0+ (\u03b4 \u2212 5)\n\n\u2212115\n\n1\u00a0MHz\n\n37-38\u00a0GHz\n\nSpace research (non-geostationary-satellite orbit)\n\n\u22121203)\n\n\u2212120\u00a0+ 0.75(\u03b4 \u2212 5)3)\n\n\u2212105\n\n1\u00a0MHz\n\n37-38\u00a0GHz\n\nSpace research (geostationary-satellite orbit)\n\n\u2212125\n\n\u2212125\u00a0+ (\u03b4 \u2212 5)\n\n\u2212105\n\n1\u00a0MHz\n\n37.5-40\u00a0GHz\n\nFixed-satellite\n\n(non-geostationary-satellite orbit)\n\nMobile-satellite (non-geostationary-satellite orbit)\n\n\u22121204), 5)\n\n\u2212120\u00a0+ 0.75(\u03b4 \u2212 5)4), 5)\n\n\u22121054), 5)\n\n1\u00a0MHz\n\n37.5-40\u00a0GHz\n\nFixed-satellite\n\n(geostationary-satellite orbit)\n\nMobile-satellite\n\n(geostationary-satellite orbit)\n\n0\u00b0-5\u00b0\n\n5\u00b0-20\u00b0\n\n20\u00b0-25\u00b0\n\n25\u00b0-90\u00b0\n\n1\u00a0MHz\n\n\u22121275)\n\n\u2212127\u00a0+ (4/3)\n\n(\u03b4 \u2212 5)5)\n\n\u2212107\u00a0+ 0.4\n\n(\u03b4 \u2212 20)5)\n\n\u22121055)\n\n40-40.5\u00a0GHz\n\nFixed-satellite Mobile-satellite\n\n\u2212115\n\n\u2212115\u00a0+ 0.5(\u03b4 \u2212 5)\n\n\u2212105\n\n1\u00a0MHz\n\n40.5-42\u00a0GHz\n\nFixed-satellite\n\n(non-geostationary satellite orbit)\n\nBroadcasting-satellite (non-geostationary-satellite orbit)\n\n\u22121154), 5)\n\n\u2212115\u00a0+ 0.5(\u03b4 \u2212 5)4), 5)\n\n\u22121054), 5)\n\n1\u00a0MHz\n\n40.5-42\u00a0GHz\n\nFixed-satellite (geostationary-satellite orbit)\n\nBroadcasting-satellite\n\n(geostationary-satellite\n\n\u22121205)\n\n5\u00b0-15\u00b0\n\n15\u00b0-25\u00b0\n\n\u2212105\u00a021\n\n1\u00a0MHz\n\n\u2212120\u00a0+\n\n(\u03b4 \u2212 5)5)\n\n\u2212110\u00a0+ 0.5\n\n(\u03b4 \u2212 15)5)\n\n42-42.5\u00a0GHz\n\nFixed-satellite\n\n(non-geostationary-satellite orbit)\n\nBroadcasting-satellite\n\n(non-geostationary-satellite orbit)\n\n\u22121204), 5)\n\n5\u00b0-25\u00b0\n\n\u22121054), 5)\n\n1\u00a0MHz\n\n\u2212120\u00a0+ 0.75(\u03b4 \u2212 5)4), 5)\n\n42-42.5\u00a0GHz\n\nFixed-satellite (geostationary-satellite orbit)\n\nBroadcasting-satellite\n\n(geostationary-satellite orbit)\n\n\u22121275)\n\n5\u00b0-20\u00b0\n\n20\u00b0-25\u00b0\n\n\u22121055)\n\n1\u00a0MHz\n\n\u2212127\u00a0+ (4/3)\n\n(\u03b4 \u2212 5)5)\n\n\u2212107\u00a0+ 0.4\n\n(\u03b4 \u2212 20)5)\n\nIn Region 1:\n\n47.5-47.9\u00a0GHz\n\n48.2-48.54\u00a0GHz\n\n49.44-50.2\u00a0GHz\n\nFixed-satellite\n\n(geostationary-satellite orbit)\n\n\u2212115\n\n5\u00b0-25\u00b0\n\n\u2212105\n\n1\u00a0MHz\n\n\u2212115\u00a0+ 0.5(\u03b4 \u2212 5)\n\n1) The references to services are those services which have allocations in Article 5.\n\n2)\n21.16.6B These limits also apply to fixed-satellite service space stations using highly-inclined\n                                          orbits having an apogee altitude greater than 18\u00a0000\u00a0km and an orbital inclination\n                                          between 35\u00b0 and 145\u00b0 in the band 17.7-19.7\u00a0GHz to which Resolution 147\u00a0(WRC-07) applies. (WRC-07)\n\n3)\n21.16.10 During the launch and near-Earth operational phase of deep-space facilities, non-geostationary\n                                          satellite systems in the space research service shall not exceed a power flux-density\n                                          value of:\n\nin any 1\u00a0MHz band, where \u03b4 is the angle of arrival above the horizontal plane. (WRC-2000)\n\n21.16.11 (SUP \u2013 WRC-03)\n\n21.16.12 (SUP \u2013 WRC-03)\n\n21.16.13 (SUP \u2013 WRC-03)\n\n4)\n21.16.4 The values given in this table entry shall apply to emissions of space stations of\n                                          non-geostationary satellites in systems operating with 99\u00a0or fewer satellites. Further\n                                          study concerning the applicability of these values is necessary in order to apply\n                                          them to systems operating with 100\u00a0or more satellites. (WRC-2000)\n\n5)\n21.16.14 When addressing the sharing conditions between the fixed service and the fixed-satellite\n                                          service in the bands 37.5-40\u00a0GHz and 40.5-42.5\u00a0GHz, the power flux-density at the\n                                          Earth\u2019s surface from any FSS satellite should be no greater than the level(s) required\n                                          to meet the FSS link availability and performance objectives of the subject applications,\n                                          taking into account the technical and operational requirements of the overall design\n                                          of the satellite network. In any case, the levels shall not exceed the applicable\n                                          power flux-density limits in Table 21-4. (WRC-03)\n\n21.17 2) The limits given in Table 21-4 may be exceeded on the territory of any country whose administration has so agreed.\n\nSection VI \u2212 Protection of aeronautical radionavigation service systems from aggregate\n                                          emissions of space stations of radionavigation-satellite service systems in the 1\u00a0164-1\u00a0215\u00a0MHz\n                                          band (WRC-03)\n\n21.18 \u00a7 7\u00a0Administrations operating or planning to operate radionavigation-satellite service\n                                          systems or networks in the 1\u00a0164-1\u00a0215\u00a0MHz frequency band, for which complete coordination\n                                          or notification information, as appropriate, was received by the Bureau after 2\u00a0June\n                                          2000, shall, in accordance with resolves 2\u00a0of Resolution 609\u00a0(WRC-03)130, take all necessary steps to ensure that the actual aggregate interference into aeronautical\n                                          radionavigation service systems caused by such radionavigation-satellite service systems\n                                          or networks operating co-frequency in these frequency bands does not exceed the equivalent\n                                          power flux-density level shown in resolves 1\u00a0of Resolution 609\u00a0(WRC-03)131. (WRC-03)\n\nSection I \u2212 Cessation of emissions\n\n22.1 \u00a7 1\u00a0Space stations shall be fitted with devices to ensure immediate cessation of\n                                          their radio emissions by telecommand, whenever such cessation is required under the\n                                          provisions of these Regulations.\n\nSection II \u2212 Control of interference to geostationary-satellite systems\n\n22.2 \u00a7 2\u00a01) Non-geostationary-satellite systems shall not cause unacceptable interference\n                                          to and, unless otherwise specified in these Regulations, shall not claim protection\n                                          from geostationary- satellite networks in the fixed-satellite service and the broadcasting-satellite\n                                          service operating in accordance with these Regulations. No. 5.43A does not apply in this case. (WRC-07)\n\n22.3 2) Whenever the emissions from geostationary satellites in the inter-satellite service\n                                          are directed towards space stations at distances from Earth greater than that of the\n                                          geostationary-satellite orbit, the boresight of the antenna mainbeam of the geostationary\n                                          satellite shall not be pointed within 15\u00b0 of any point on the geostationary-satellite\n                                          orbit.\n\n22.4 \u00a7 3\u00a0In the frequency band 29.95-30\u00a0GHz space stations in the Earth exploration- satellite\n                                          service on board geostationary satellites and operating with space stations in the\n                                          same service on board non-geostationary satellites shall have the following restriction:\n\nWhenever the emissions from the geostationary satellites are directed towards the\n                                          geostationary-satellite orbit and cause unacceptable interference to any geostationary-satellite\n                                          space system in the fixed-satellite service, these emissions shall be reduced to a\n                                          level at or less than accepted interference.\n\n22.5 \u00a7 4\u00a0In the frequency band 8\u00a0025-8\u00a0400\u00a0MHz, which the Earth exploration-satellite\n                                          service using non-geostationary satellites shares with the fixed-satellite service\n                                          (Earth-to-space) or the meteorological-satellite service (Earth-to-space), the maximum\n                                          power flux-density produced at the geostationary-satellite orbit by any Earth exploration-satellite\n                                          service space station shall not exceed \u2212174\u00a0dB(W/m2) in any 4\u00a0kHz band.\n\n22.5A \u00a7 5\u00a0In the frequency band 6\u00a0700-7\u00a0075\u00a0MHz, the maximum aggregate power flux-density\n                                          produced at the geostationary-satellite orbit and within \u00b15\u00b0 of inclination around\n                                          the geostationary-satellite orbit by a non-geostationary-satellite system in the fixed-satellite\n                                          service shall not exceed \u2212168\u00a0dB(W/m2) in any 4\u00a0kHz band. The maximum aggregate power flux-density shall be calculated\n                                          in accordance with Recommendation ITU-R S.1256-0. (WRC-15)\n\n22.5B (SUP \u2013 WRC-2000)\n\n22.5C \u00a7 6\u00a01) The equivalent power flux-density135), epfd\u2193, at any point on the Earth\u2019s surface visible from the geostationary-satellite\n                                          orbit, produced by emissions from all the space stations of a non-geostationary-satellite\n                                          system in the fixed-satellite service in the frequency bands listed in Tables 22-1A\n                                          to 22-1E, including emissions from a reflecting satellite, for all conditions and\n                                          for all methods of modulation, shall not exceed the limits given in Tables 22-1A to\n                                          22-1E for the given percentages of time. These limits relate to the equivalent power\n                                          flux-density which would be obtained under free-space propagation conditions, into\n                                          a reference antenna and in the reference bandwidth specified in Tables 22-1A to 22-1E,\n                                          for all pointing directions towards the geostationary-satellite orbit. (WRC-03)\n\n135)\n22.5C.1 The equivalent power flux-density is defined as the sum of the power flux-densities\n                                          produced at a geostationary-satellite system receive station on the Earth\u2019s surface\n                                          or in the geostationary orbit, as appropriate, by all the transmit stations within\n                                          a non-geostationary-satellite system, taking into account the off-axis discrimination\n                                          of a reference receiving antenna assumed to be pointing in its nominal direction.\n                                          The equivalent power flux-density is calculated using the following formula:\n\nwhere:\n\nNa: number of transmit stations in the non-geostationary-satellite system that are visible\n                                          from the geostationary- satellite system receive station considered on the Earth's\n                                          surface or in the geostationary orbit, as appropriate\n\ni: index of the transmit station considered in the non-geostationary-satellite system\n\nPi: RF power at the input of the antenna of the transmit station, considered in the\n                                          non-geostationary-satellite system (dBW) in the reference bandwidth\n\n\u03b8i: off-axis angle between the boresight of the transmit station considered in the non-geostationary-satellite\n                                          system and the direction of the geostationary-satellite system receive station\n\nGt(\u03b8i): transmit antenna gain (as a ratio) of the station considered in the non-geostationary-satellite\n                                          system in the direction of the geostationary-satellite system receive station\n\ndi: distance (m) between the transmit station considered in the non-geostationary-satellite\n                                          system and the geostationary-satellite system receive station\n\n\u03c6i: off-axis angle between the boresight of the antenna of the geostationary-satellite\n                                          system receive station and the direction of the i-th transmit station considered in the non-geostationary-satellite system\n\nGr(\u03c6i): receive antenna gain (as a ratio) of the geostationary-satellite system receive\n                                          station in the direction of the i-th transmit station considered in the non-geostationary-satellite system\n\nGr,max: maximum gain (as a ratio) of the antenna of the geostationary-satellite system receive\n                                          station\n\nepfd: computed equivalent power flux-density (dB(W/m2)) in the reference bandwidth. (WRC-2000)\n\n22.5CA 2) The limits given in Tables 22-1A to 22-1E may be exceeded on the territory of any country whose administration has so agreed\n                                          (see also Resolution 140\u00a0(Rev.WRC-15)). (WRC-19)\n\nFrequency band (GHz)\n\nepfd\u2193 (dB(W/m2\n))\n\nPercentage of time during which epfd\u2193 may not be exceeded\n\nReference bandwidth (kHz)\n\nReference antenna diameter and reference radiation pattern5)\n\n10.7-11.7\u00a0in all Regions;\n\n11.7-12.2\u00a0.4\u00a0Region 2;\n\n12.2-12.5\u00a0in Region 3\u00a0and\n\n12.5-12.75\u00a0in Regions 1\u00a0and 3\n\n\u2212175\n\n\u2212174\n\n\u2212170.8\n\n\u2212165.3\n\n\u2212160.4\n\n\u2212160\n\n\u2212160\n\n0\n\n90\n\n99\n\n99.73\n\n99.991\n\n99.997\n\n100\n\n40\n\n60\u00a0cm\n\nRecommendation\n\nITU-R S.1428-1\n\n\u2212181.9\n\n\u2212178.4\n\n\u2212173.4\n\n\u2212173\n\n\u2212164\n\n\u2212161.6\n\n\u2212161.4\n\n\u2212160.8\n\n\u2212160.5\n\n\u2212160\n\n\u2212160\n\n0\n\n99.5\n\n99.74\n\n99.857\n\n99.954\n\n99.984\n\n99.991\n\n99.997\n\n99.997\n\n99.9993\n\n100\n\n40\n\n1.2\u00a0m\n\nRecommendation\n\nITU-R S.1428-1\n\n\u2212190.45\n\n\u2212189.45\n\n\u2212187.45\n\n\u2212182.4\n\n\u2212182\n\n\u2212168\n\n\u2212164\n\n\u2212162\n\n\u2212160\n\n\u2212160\n\n0\n\n90\n\n99.5\n\n99.7\n\n99.855\n\n99.971\n\n99.988\n\n99.995\n\n99.999\n\n100\n\n40\n\n3\u00a0m\n\nRecommendation\n\nITU-R S.1428-1\n\n\u2212195.45\n\n\u2212195.45\n\n\u2212190\n\n\u2212190\n\n\u2212172.5\n\n\u2212160\n\n\u2212160\n\n0\n\n99\n\n99.65\n\n99.71\n\n99.99\n\n99.998\n\n100\n\n40\n\n10\u00a0m\n\nRecommendation\n\nITU-R S.1428-1\n\n1)\n2.5C.2 For certain geostationary fixed-satellite service system receive earth stations,\n                                          see also Nos. 9.7A and 9.7B. (WRC-2000)\n\n2)\n22.5C.3 In meeting these limits, the administrations intending to develop such systems shall\n                                          ensure that the assignments appearing in the Plan of Appendix 30B will be fully protected. (WRC-2000)\n\n3)\n22.5C.4 In addition to the limits shown in Table 22-1A, the following single-entry epfd\u2193 limits apply to all antenna sizes greater than\n                                          60\u00a0cm in the frequency bands listed in Table 22-1A:\n\n4)\n22.5C.5 For each reference antenna diameter, the limit consists of the complete curve on\n                                          a plot which is linear (dB) for the epfd\u2193 levels and logarithmic for the time percentages,\n                                          with straight lines joining the data points. (WRC-2000)\n\n5)\n22.5C.6 For this Table, reference patterns of Recommendation ITU-R S.1428-1\u00a0shall be used\n                                          only for the calculation of interference from non-geostationary-satellite systems\n                                          in the fixed-satellite service systems into geostationary-satellite systems in the\n                                          fixed-satellite service. (WRC-03)\n\nFrequency band (GHz)\n\nepfd\u2193 (dB(W/m2\n))\n\nPercentage of time during which epfd\u2193 may not be exceeded\n\nReference bandwidth (kHz)\n\nReference antenna diameter and reference radiation pattern4)\n\n17.8-18.6\n\n\u2212175.4\n\n\u2212175.4\n\n\u2212172.5\n\n\u2212167\n\n\u2212164\n\n\u2212164\n\n0\n\n90\n\n99\n\n99.714\n\n99.971\n\n100\n\n40\n\n1\u00a0m\n\nRecommendation\n\nITU-R S.1428-1\n\n\u2212161.4\n\n\u2212161.4\n\n\u2212158.5\n\n\u2212153\n\n\u2212150\n\n\u2212150\n\n0\n\n90\n\n99\n\n99.714\n\n99.971\n\n100\n\n1\u00a0000\n\n\u2212178.4\n\n\u2212178.4\n\n\u2212171.4\n\n\u2212170.5\n\n\u2212166\n\n\u2212164\n\n\u2212164\n\n0\n\n99.4\n\n99.9\n\n99.913\n\n99.971\n\n99.977\n\n100\n\n40\n\n2\u00a0m\n\nRecommendation\n\nITU-R S.1428-1\n\n\u2212164.4\n\n\u2212164.4\n\n\u2212157.4\n\n\u2212156.5\n\n\u2212152\n\n\u2212150\n\n\u2212150\n\n0\n\n99.4\n\n99.9\n\n99.913\n\n99.971\n\n99.977\n\n100\n\n1\u00a0000\n\n\u2212185.4\n\n\u2212185.4\n\n\u2212180\n\n\u2212180\n\n\u2212172\n\n\u2212164\n\n\u2212164\n\n0\n\n99.8\n\n99.8\n\n99.943\n\n99.943\n\n99.998\n\n100\n\n40\n\n5\u00a0m\n\nRecommendation\n\nITU-R S.1428-1\n\n\u2212171.4\n\n\u2212171.4\n\n\u2212166\n\n\u2212166\n\n\u2212158\n\n\u2212150\n\n\u2212150\n\n0\n\n99.8\n\n99.8\n\n99.943\n\n99.943\n\n99.998\n\n100\n\n1\u00a0000\n\n1)\n2.5C.2 For certain geostationary fixed-satellite service system receive earth stations,\n                                          see also Nos. 9.7A and 9.7B. (WRC-2000)\n\n2)\n22.5C.5 For each reference antenna diameter, the limit consists of the complete curve on\n                                          a plot which is linear (dB) for the epfd\u2193 levels and logarithmic for the time percentages,\n                                          with straight lines joining the data points. (WRC-2000)\n\n3)\n22.5C.7 A non-geostationary-satellite system shall meet the limits of this Table in both\n                                          the 40\u00a0kHz and the 1\u00a0MHz reference bandwidths. (WRC-2000)\n\n4)\n22.5C.6 For this Table, reference patterns of Recommendation ITU-R S.1428-1\u00a0shall be used\n                                          only for the calculation of interference from non-geostationary-satellite systems\n                                          in the fixed-satellite service systems into geostationary-satellite systems in the\n                                          fixed-satellite service. (WRC-03)\n\nFrequency band (GHz)\n\nepfd\u2193 (dB(W/m2\n))\n\nPercentage of time during which epfd\u2193 may not be exceeded\n\nReference bandwidth (kHz)\n\nReference antenna diameter and reference radiation pattern4)\n\n19.7-20.2\n\n\u2212187.4\n\n\u2212182\n\n\u2212172\n\n\u2212154\n\n\u2212154\n\n0\n\n71.429\n\n97.143\n\n99.983\n\n100\n\n40\n\n70\u00a0cm\n\nRecommendation\n\nITU-R S.1428-1\n\n\u2212173.4\n\n\u2212168\n\n\u2212158\n\n\u2212140\n\n\u2212140\n\n0\n\n71.429\n\n97.143\n\n99.983\n\n100\n\n1\u00a0000\n\n\u2212190.4\n\n\u2212181.4\n\n\u2212170.4\n\n\u2212168.6\n\n\u2212165\n\n\u2212160\n\n\u2212154\n\n\u2212154\n\n0\n\n91\n\n99.8\n\n99.8\n\n99.943\n\n99.943\n\n99.997\n\n100\n\n40\n\n90\u00a0cm\n\nRecommendation\n\nITU-R S.1428-1\n\n\u2212176.4\n\n\u2212167.4\n\n\u2212156.4\n\n\u2212154.6\n\n\u2212151\n\n\u2212146\n\n\u2212140\n\n\u2212140\n\n0\n\n91\n\n99.8\n\n99.8\n\n99.943\n\n99.943\n\n99.997\n\n100\n\n1\u00a0000\n\n\u2212196.4\n\n\u2212162\n\n\u2212154\n\n\u2212154\n\n0\n\n99.98\n\n99.99943\n\n100\n\n40\n\n2.5\u00a0m\n\nRecommendation\n\nITU-R S.1428-1\n\n\u2212182.4\n\n\u2212148\n\n\u2212140\n\n\u2212140\n\n0\n\n99.98\n\n99.99943\n\n100\n\n1\u00a0000\n\n\u2212200.4\n\n\u2212189.4\n\n\u2212187.8\n\n\u2212184\n\n\u2212175\n\n\u2212164.2\n\n\u2212154.6\n\n\u2212154\n\n\u2212154\n\n0\n\n90\n\n94\n\n97.143\n\n99.886\n\n99.99\n\n99.999\n\n99.9992\n\n100\n\n40\n\n5\u00a0m\n\nRecommendation\n\nITU-R S.1428-1\n\n\u2212186.4\n\n\u2212175.4\n\n\u2212173.8\n\n\u2212170\n\n\u2212161\n\n\u2212150.2\n\n\u2212140.6\n\n\u2212140\n\n\u2212140\n\n0\n\n90\n\n94\n\n97.143\n\n99.886\n\n99.99\n\n99.999\n\n99.9992\n\n100\n\n1\u00a0000\n\n1)\n2.5C.2 For certain geostationary fixed-satellite service system receive earth stations,\n                                          see also Nos. 9.7A and 9.7B. (WRC-2000)\n\n2)\n22.5C.5 For each reference antenna diameter, the limit consists of the complete curve on\n                                          a plot which is linear (dB) for the epfd\u2193 levels and logarithmic for the time percentages,\n                                          with straight lines joining the data points. (WRC-2000)\n\n3)\n22.5C.7 A non-geostationary-satellite system shall meet the limits of this Table in both\n                                          the 40\u00a0kHz and the 1\u00a0MHz reference bandwidths. (WRC-2000)\n\n4)\n22.5C.6 For this Table, reference patterns of Recommendation ITU-R S.1428-1\u00a0shall be used\n                                          only for the calculation of interference from non-geostationary-satellite systems\n                                          in the fixed-satellite service systems into geostationary-satellite systems in the\n                                          fixed-satellite service. (WRC-03)\n\nFrequency band (GHz)\n\nepfd\u2193 (dB(W/m2\n))\n\nPercentage of time during which epfd\u2193 may not be exceeded\n\nReference bandwidth (kHz)\n\nReference antenna diameter and reference radiation pattern5)\n\n11.7-12.5\n\nin Region 1;\n\n11.7-12.2\u00a0and\n\n12.5-12.75\n\nin Region 3;\n\n12.2-12.7\n\nin Region 2\n\n\u2212165.841\n\n\u2212165.541\n\n\u2212164.041\n\n\u2212158.6\n\n\u2212158.6\n\n\u2212158.33\n\n\u2212158.33\n\n0\n\n25\n\n96\n\n98.857\n\n99.429\n\n99.429\n\n100\n\n40\n\n30\u00a0cm\n\nRecommendation\n\nITU-R BO.1443-3,\n\nAnnex 1\n\n\u2212175.441\n\n\u2212172.441\n\n\u2212169.441\n\n\u2212164\n\n\u2212160.75\n\n\u2212160\n\n\u2212160\n\n0\n\n66\n\n97.75\n\n99.357\n\n99.809\n\n99.986\n\n100\n\n40\n\n45\u00a0cm\n\nRecommendation\n\nITU-R BO.1443-3,\n\nAnnex 1\n\n\u2212176.441\n\n\u2212173.191\n\n\u2212167.75\n\n\u2212162\n\n\u2212161\n\n\u2212160.2\n\n\u2212160\n\n\u2212160\n\n0\n\n97.8\n\n99.371\n\n99.886\n\n99.943\n\n99.971\n\n99.997\n\n100\n\n40\n\n60\u00a0cm\n\nRecommendation\n\nITU-R BO.1443-3,\n\nAnnex 1\n\n11.7-12.5\n\nin Region 1;\n\n11.7-12.2\u00a0and\n\n\u2212178.94\n\n\u2212178.44\n\n\u2212176.44\n\n\u2212171\n\n\u2212165.5\n\n\u2212163\n\n\u2212161\n\n\u2212160\n\n\u2212160\n\n0\n\n33\n\n98\n\n99.429\n\n99.714\n\n99.857\n\n99.943\n\n99.991\n\n100\n\n40\n\n90\u00a0cm\n\nRecommendation\n\nITU-R BO.1443-3,\n\nAnnex 1\n\n12.5-12.75\n\nin Region 3;\n\n12.2-12.7\n\nin Region 2\n\n\u2212182.44\n\n\u2212180.69\n\n\u2212179.19\n\n\u2212178.44\n\n\u2212174.94\n\n\u2212173.75\n\n\u2212173\n\n\u2212169.5\n\n\u2212167.8\n\n\u2212164\n\n\u2212161.9\n\n\u2212161\n\n\u2212160.4\n\n\u2212160\n\n0\n\n90\n\n98.9\n\n98.9\n\n99.5\n\n99.68\n\n99.68\n\n99.85\n\n99.915\n\n99.94\n\n99.97\n\n99.99\n\n99.998\n\n100\n\n40\n\n120\u00a0cm\n\nRecommendation\n\nITU-R BO.1443-3,\n\nAnnex 1\n\n\u2212184.941\n\n\u2212184.101\n\n\u2212181.691\n\n\u2212176.25\n\n\u2212163.25\n\n\u2212161.5\n\n\u2212160.35\n\n\u2212160\n\n\u2212160\n\n0\n\n33\n\n98.5\n\n99.571\n\n99.946\n\n99.974\n\n99.993\n\n99.999\n\n100\n\n40\n\n180\u00a0cm\n\nRecommendation\n\nITU-R BO.1443-3,\n\nAnnex 1\n\n\u2212187.441\n\n\u2212186.341\n\n\u2212183.441\n\n\u2212178\n\n\u2212164.4\n\n\u2212161.9\n\n\u2212160.5\n\n\u2212160\n\n\u2212160\n\n0\n\n33\n\n99.25\n\n99.786\n\n99.957\n\n99.983\n\n99.994\n\n99.999\n\n100\n\n40\n\n240\u00a0cm\n\nRecommendation\n\nITU-R BO.1443-3,\n\nAnnex 1\n\n\u2212191.941\n\n\u2212189.441\n\n\u2212185.941\n\n\u2212180.5\n\n\u2212173\n\n\u2212167\n\n\u2212162\n\n\u2212160\n\n\u2212160\n\n0\n\n33\n\n99.5\n\n99.857\n\n99.914\n\n99.951\n\n99.983\n\n99.991\n\n100\n\n40\n\n300\u00a0cm\n\nRecommendation\n\nITU-R BO.1443-3,\n\nAnnex 1\n\n1)\n22.5C.5 For each reference antenna diameter, the limit consists of the complete curve on\n                                          a plot which is linear (dB) for the epfd\u2193 levels and logarithmic for the time percentages,\n                                          with straight lines joining the data points. (WRC-2000)\n\n2)\n22.5C.8 For broadcasting-satellite service antenna diameters 180\u00a0cm, 240\u00a0cm and 300\u00a0cm, in\n                                          addition to the single- entry limits shown in Table 22-1D, the following single-entry 100% of the time epfd\u2193 limits also apply in the frequency\n                                          bands listed in Table 22-1D:\n\n3)\n22.5C.9 For a broadcasting-satellite service earth station antenna diameter of 240\u00a0cm, in\n                                          addition to the single-entry 100% of the time epfd\u2193 limit specified in No. 22.5C.8 to this Table, a single-entry 100% of the time operational epfd\u2193 limit is specified\n                                          in Table 22-4C. (WRC-2000)\n\n4)\n22.5C.10 In meeting these limits, the administrations intending to develop such systems shall\n                                          ensure that the assignments appearing in the Plans of Appendix 30 will be fully protected. (WRC-2000)\n\n5)\n22.5C.11 For this Table, reference patterns of Annex 1\u00a0to Recommendation ITU-R BO.1443-3\u00a0shall\n                                          be used only for the calculation of interference from non-geostationary satellite\n                                          systems in the fixed-satellite service into geostationary-satellite systems in the\n                                          broadcasting-satellite service. (WRC-15)\n\nFrequency band (MHz)\n\nepfd\u2193 (dB(W/m2\n))\n\nPercentage of time during which epfd\u2193 may not be exceeded\n\nReference bandwidth (kHz)\n\nReference antenna diameter and reference radiation pattern (m)\n\n3\u00a0700-4\u00a0200\n\n\u2212195.4\n\n100\n\n4\n\n1.81)\n\n\u2212197.9\n\n100\n\n4\n\n2.41)\n\n\u2212201.6\n\n100\n\n4\n\n3.71)\n\n\u2212203.3\n\n100\n\n4\n\n4.51)\n\n\u2212204.5\n\n100\n\n4\n\n5.51)\n\n\u2212207.5\n\n100\n\n4\n\n81)\n\n\u2212208.5\n\n100\n\n4\n\n101)\n\n\u2212212.0\n\n100\n\n4\n\n151)\n\n1)\n22.5C.12 The associated reference radiation pattern is defined as follows:\n\n22.5D 3) The equivalent power flux-density133, epfd\u2191 produced at any point in the geostationary-satellite orbit by emissions from\n                                          all the earth stations in a non-geostationary-satellite system in the fixed-satellite\n                                          service in the frequency bands listed in Table 22-2, for all conditions and for all methods of modulation, shall not exceed the limits\n                                          given in Table 22-2 for the specified percentages of time. These limits relate to the equivalent power\n                                          flux-density which would be obtained under free-space propagation conditions, into\n                                          a reference antenna and in the reference bandwidth specified in Table 22-2, for all pointing directions towards the Earth\u2019s surface visible from any given location\n                                          in the geostationary-satellite orbit. (WRC-2000)\n\nFrequency band\n\nepfd\u2191\n (dB(W/m2\n))\n\nPercentage of time epfd\u2191\n level may not be exceeded\n\nReference bandwidth (kHz)\n\nReference antenna beamwidth and reference radiation pattern2)\n\n5\u00a0925-6\u00a0725\u00a0MHz\n\n\u2212183.0\n\n100\n\n4\n\n1.5\u00b0\n\nRecommendation ITU-R S.672-4,\n\nLs = \u221220\n\n12.5-12.75\u00a0GHz\n\n12.75-13.25\u00a0GHz\n\n13.75-14.5\u00a0GHz\n\n\u2212160\n\n100\n\n40\n\n4\u00b0 Recommendation\n\nITU-R S.672-4,\n\nLs = \u221220\n\n17.3-18.1\u00a0GHz\n\n(Regions 1\u00a0and 3)\n\n17.8-18.1\u00a0GHz\n\n(Region 2)3)\n\n\u2212160\n\n100\n\n40\n\n4\u00b0 Recommendation\n\nITU-R S.672-4,\n\nLs = \u221220\n\n27.5-28.6\u00a0GHz\n\n\u2212162\n\n100\n\n40\n\n1.55\u00b0\n\nRecommendation ITU-R S.672-4,\n\nLs = \u221210\n\n29.5-30\u00a0GHz\n\n\u2212162\n\n100\n\n40\n\n1.55\u00b0\n\nRecommendation ITU-R S.672-4,\n\nLs = \u221210\n\n1)\n22.5D.2 In meeting these limits, the administrations intending to develop such systems shall\n                                          ensure that the assignments appearing in the Plans of Appendices 30A and 30B will be fully protected. (WRC-2000)\n\n2)\n22.5D.3 For this Table, reference patterns of Recommendation ITU-R S.672-4\u00a0shall be used\n                                          only for the calculation of interference from non-geostationary-satellite systems\n                                          in the fixed-satellite service into geostationary-satellite systems in the fixed-satellite\n                                          service. For the case of Ls = \u221210, the values a = 1.83\u00a0and b = 6.32\u00a0shall be used in the equations in Annex 1\u00a0to Recommendation ITU-R S.672-4\u00a0for\n                                          single-feed circular beams. In all cases of Ls, the parabolic main beam equation shall start at zero. (WRC-2000)\n\n3)\n22.5D.4 This epfd\u2191 level also applies to the frequency band 17.3-17.8\u00a0GHz to protect broadcasting-satellite\n                                          service feeder links in Region 2\u00a0from non-geostationary fixed-satellite service Earth-to-space\n                                          transmissions in Regions 1\u00a0and 3. (WRC-2000)\n\n22.5E (SUP \u2013 WRC-2000)\n\n22.5F 4) The equivalent power flux-density134, epfdis, produced at any point in the geostationary-satellite orbit by emissions from all\n                                          the space stations in a non-geostationary-satellite system in the fixed-satellite\n                                          service in the frequency bands listed in Table 22-3, including emissions from a reflecting satellite, for all conditions and for all\n                                          methods of modulation, shall not exceed the limits given in Table 22-3 for the specified percentages of time. These limits relate to the equivalent power\n                                          flux-density which would be obtained under free-space propagation conditions into\n                                          a reference antenna and in the reference bandwidth specified in Table 22-3, for all pointing directions towards the Earth\u2019s surface visible from any given location\n                                          in the geostationary-satellite orbit. (WRC-2000)\n\nFrequency band (GHz)\n\nepfdis\n (dB(W/m2))\n\nPercentage of time during which epfdis\n level may not be exceeded\n\nReference bandwidth (kHz)\n\nReference antenna beamwidth and reference radiation pattern2)\n\n10.7-11.7\n\n(Region 1)\n\n12.5-12.75\n\n(Region 1)\n\n12.7-12.75\n\n(Region 2)\n\n\u2212160\n\n100\n\n40\n\n4\u00b0\n\nRecommendation\n\nITU-R S.672-4,\n\nLs = \u221220\n\n17.8-18.4\n\n\u2212160\n\n100\n\n40\n\n4\u00b0\n\nRecommendation ITU-R S.672-4,\n\nLs = \u221220\n\n1)\n22.5F.2 In meeting these limits, the administrations intending to develop such systems shall\n                                          ensure that the assignments appearing in the feeder-link Plans of Appendix 30A will be fully protected. (WRC-2000)\n\n2)\n22.5F.3 In this Table, the reference pattern of Recommendation ITU-R S.672-4\u00a0shall be used\n                                          only for the calculation of interference from non-geostationary-satellite systems\n                                          in the fixed-satellite service into geostationary-satellite systems in the fixed-satellite\n                                          service. In applying the equations of Annex 1\u00a0to Recommendation ITU-R S.672-4, the\n                                          parabolic main beam equation shall start at zero. (WRC-2000)\n\n22.5G (SUP \u2013 WRC-2000)\n\n22.5H 5) The limits specified in Nos. 22.5C (except for Table 22-1E) to 22.5D (except for Table 22-2 for the frequency band 5\u00a0925-6\u00a0725\u00a0MHz) and 22.5F apply to non-geostationary- satellite systems in the fixed-satellite service for\n                                          which complete coordination or notification information, as appropriate, has been\n                                          received by the Bureau after 22\u00a0November 1997. The limits specified in Table 22-1E and those specified in Table 22-2 for the frequency band 5\u00a0925-6\u00a0725\u00a0MHz apply to non-geostationary-satellite systems\n                                          in the fixed-satellite service for which complete notification information has been\n                                          received by the Bureau after 5\u00a0July 2003. The limits in Tables 22-4A, 22-4A1 and 22-4B do not apply to non-geostationary-satellite systems in the fixed- satellite service\n                                          for which complete coordination or notification information, as appropriate, has been\n                                          received by the Bureau before 22\u00a0November 1997. (WRC-19)\n\n22.5I 6) An administration operating a non-geostationary-satellite system in the fixed-\n                                          satellite service which is in compliance with the limits in Nos. 22.5C, 22.5D and 22.5F shall be considered as having fulfilled its obligations under No. 22.2 with respect to any geostationary-satellite network, irrespective of the dates of\n                                          receipt by the Bureau of the complete coordination or notification information, as\n                                          appropriate, for the non-geostationary-satellite system and the geostationary-satellite\n                                          network, provided that the epfd\u2193 radiated by the non-geostationary-satellite system\n                                          in the fixed- satellite service into any operating geostationary fixed-satellite service\n                                          earth station does not exceed the operational and additional operational limits given\n                                          in Tables 22-4A, 22-4A1 and 22-4B, when the diameter of the earth station antenna is equal to the values given in Table\n                                          22-4A or 22-4A1, or the gain of the earth station is equal to or greater than the values given in\n                                          Table 22-4B for the corresponding orbital inclination of the geostationary fixed-satellite service\n                                          satellite. Except as otherwise agreed between concerned administrations, an administration\n                                          operating a non-geostationary-satellite system in the fixed-satellite service that\n                                          is subject to the limits in Nos. 22.5C, 22.5D and 22.5F and which radiates epfd\u2193 into any operating geostationary fixed- satellite service\n                                          earth station at levels in excess of the operational or additional operational limits\n                                          given in Tables 22-4A, 22-4A1 and 22-4B, when the diameter of the earth station antenna is equal to the values given in Table\n                                          22-4A or 22-4A1, or the gain of the earth station is equal to or greater than the values given in\n                                          Table 22-4B for the corresponding orbital inclination of the geostationary fixed- satellite service\n                                          satellite, shall be considered to be in violation of its obligations under No. 22.2, and the provisions of Article 15 (Section V) apply. In addition, administrations are encouraged to use the relevant\n                                          ITU-R Recommendations to determine whether such a violation has occurred. (WRC-19)\n\nFrequency band (GHz)\n\nepfd\u2193 (dB(W/m2\n))\n\nPercentage of time during which epfd\u2193 may not be exceeded\n\nReference bandwidth (kHz)\n\nGeostationary- satellite system receive earth station antenna diameter4)\n\n(m)\n\nOrbital inclination of the geostationary satellite (degrees)\n\n10.7-11.7\u00a0in all Regions\n\n11.7-12.2\n\nin Region 2\n\n12.2-12.5\n\nin Region 3, and 12.5-12.75\u00a0in\n\nRegions 1\u00a0and 3\n\n(prior to 31\u00a0December 2005)\n\n\u2212163\n\n\u2212166\n\n\u2212167.5\n\n\u2212169.5\n\n100\n\n40\n\n3\n\n6\n\n9\n\n\u2265 18\n\n2.5\n\n\u2212160\n\n\u2212163\n\n\u2212164.5\n\n\u2212166.5\n\n100\n\n40\n\n3\n\n6\n\n9\n\n\u2265 18\n\n> 2.5\u00a0and 4.5\n\n10.7-11.7\u00a0in all Regions\n\n11.7-12.2\n\nin Region 2\n\n12.2-12.5\n\nin Region 3, and 12.5-12.75\u00a0in\n\nRegions 1\u00a0and 3\n\n(from 31\u00a0December 2005)\n\n\u2212161.25\n\n\u2212164\n\n\u2212165.5\n\n\u2212167.5\n\n100\n\n40\n\n3\n\n6\n\n9\n\n\u2265 18\n\n2.5\n\n\u2212158.25\n\n\u2212161\n\n\u2212162.5\n\n\u2212164.5\n\n100\n\n40\n\n3\n\n6\n\n9\n\n\u2265 18\n\n> 2.5\u00a0and 4.5\n\n1)\n22.5H.1 For certain geostationary fixed-satellite service receive earth stations, see also\n                                          Nos. 9.7A and 9.7B. (WRC-2000)\n\n2)\n22.5H.2 In addition to the operational limits shown in Table 22-4A, the additional operational limits in Table 22-4A1 apply to certain geostationary fixed-satellite service earth station antenna sizes\n                                          in the frequency bands listed in Table 22-4A. (WRC-2000)\n\n3)\n22.5H.3 The operational limits on the epfd\u2193 radiated by non-geostationary-satellite systems\n                                          in the fixed-satellite service shall be the values given in No. 22.5C.4 or Table 22-4A, whichever are the more stringent. (WRC-2000)\n\n4)\n22.5H.4 For antenna diameters between the values given in this Table, the limits are given\n                                          by linear interpolation using a linear scale for epfd\u2193 (dB) and a logarithmic scale\n                                          for antenna diameter (m). (WRC-2000)\n\nepfd\u2193 (dB(W/(m2\n \u2022 40\u00a0kHz)))\n\nPercentage of time during which epfd\u2193 may not be exceeded\n\nGeostationary-satellite system receive earth station antenna diameter\n\n(m)\n\n\u2212182\n\n\u2212179\n\n\u2212176\n\n\u2212171\n\n\u2212168\n\n\u2212165\n\n\u2212163\n\n\u2212161.25\n\n\u2212161.25\n\n99.9\n\n99.94\n\n99.97\n\n99.98\n\n99.984\n\n99.993\n\n99.999\n\n99.99975\n\n100\n\n3\n\n\u2212185\n\n\u2212183\n\n\u2212179\n\n\u2212175\n\n\u2212171\n\n\u2212168\n\n\u2212166\n\n\u2212166\n\n99.97\n\n99.98\n\n99.99\n\n99.996\n\n99.998\n\n99.999\n\n99.9998\n\n100\n\n10\n\nFrequency band (GHz)\n\nepfd\u2193 (dB(W/m2\n))\n\nPercentage of time during which epfd\u2193 may not be exceeded\n\nReference bandwidth (kHz)\n\nGeostationary-satellite system receive earth station antenna gain (dBi)\n\nOrbital inclination of geostationary satellite (degrees)\n\n19.7-20.2\n\n\u2212157\n\n\u2212157\n\n\u2212155\n\n100\n\n100\n\n100\n\n40\n\n40\n\n40\n\n\u2265 49\n\n\u2265 432)\n\n\u2265 49\n\n\u2264 2.5\n\n\u2264 2.5\n\n> 2.5\u00a0and \u2264 4.5\n\n19.7-20.2\n\n\u2212143\n\n\u2212143\n\n\u2212141\n\n100\n\n100\n\n100\n\n1\u00a0000\n\n1\u00a0000\n\n1\u00a0000\n\n\u2265 49\n\n\u2265 432)\n\n\u2265 49\n\n\u2264 2.5\n\n\u2264 2.5\n\n> 2.5\u00a0and \u2264 4.5\n\n17.8-18.6\n\n\u2212164\n\n\u2212162\n\n100\n\n100\n\n40\n\n40\n\n\u2265 49\n\n\u2265 49\n\n\u2264 2.5\n\n> 2.5\u00a0and \u2264 4.5\n\n17.8-18.6\n\n\u2212150\n\n\u2212148\n\n100\n\n100\n\n1\u00a0000\n\n1\u00a0000\n\n\u2265 49\n\n\u2265 49\n\n\u2264 2.5\n\n> 2.5\u00a0and \u2264 4.5\n\n1)\n22.5H.1 For certain geostationary fixed-satellite service receive earth stations, see also\n                                          Nos. 9.7A and 9.7B. (WRC-2000)\n\n2)\n22.5H.5 The operational limit applies to non-geostationary-satellite systems operating at\n                                          altitudes of 7\u00a0000\u00a0km or above in order to protect geostationary-satellite systems\n                                          in the fixed-satellite service employing adaptive coding. (WRC-2000)\n\n22.5H.6 (SUP \u2013 WRC-19)\n\n22.5J 7) In case of force majeure, telecommand and ranging carriers transmitted to non-geostationary satellites in\n                                          the fixed-satellite service are not subject to the limits given in Table 22-2. (WRC-2000)\n\n22.5K 8) Administrations operating or planning to operate non-geostationary-satellite systems\n                                          in the fixed-satellite service in the frequency bands listed in Tables 22-1A to 22-1D of No. 22.5C will apply the provisions of Resolution 76\u00a0(Rev.WRC-15) to ensure that the actual aggregate interference into geostationary fixed-satellite\n                                          service and geostationary broadcasting- satellite service networks caused by such\n                                          systems operating co-frequency in these frequency bands does not exceed the aggregate\n                                          power levels shown in Tables 1A to 1D of Resolution 76\u00a0(Rev.WRC-15) In the event that an administration operating a geostationary-satellite network in\n                                          conformity with the Radio Regulations identifies equivalent power flux-density levels\n                                          from non- geostationary-satellite systems in the fixed-satellite service which may\n                                          be in excess of the aggregate limits contained in Tables 1A to 1D of Resolution 76\u00a0(Rev.WRC-15), the administrations responsible for the non-geostationary-satellite systems in the\n                                          fixed-satellite service will apply the provisions contained in resolves 2\u00a0of Resolution 76\u00a0(Rev.WRC-15). (WRC-19)\n\n22.5L 9) A non-geostationary-satellite system in the fixed-satellite service in the frequency\n                                          bands 37.5-39.5\u00a0GHz (space-to-Earth), 39.5-42.5\u00a0GHz (space-to-Earth), 47.2-50.2\u00a0GHz\n                                          (Earth-to-space) and 50.4-51.4\u00a0GHz (Earth-to-space) shall not exceed:\n\n\u2013 a single-entry increase of 3% of the time allowance for the C/N value associated with the shortest percentage of time specified in the short-term\n                                                performance objective of the generic135 geostationary-satellite orbit reference links; and\n\n\u2013 a single-entry permissible allowance of at most 3% reduction in time-weighted average\n                                                spectral efficiency calculated on an annual basis for the generic geostationary-satellite\n                                                orbit reference links using adaptive coding and modulation. (WRC-19)\n\n22.5M 10) Administrations operating or planning to operate non-geostationary-satellite\n                                          systems in the fixed-satellite service in the frequency bands 37.5-39.5\u00a0GHz (space-to-Earth),\n                                          39.5-42.5\u00a0GHz (space-to-Earth), 47.2-50.2\u00a0GHz (Earth-to-space) and 50.4-51.4\u00a0GHz (Earth-to-space)\n                                          shall ensure that the aggregate interference to geostationary-satellite FSS, MSS,\n                                          and BSS networks caused by all non-geostationary-satellite FSS systems operating in\n                                          these frequency bands does not exceed:\n\n\u2013 an increase of 10% of the time allowance for the C/N value associated with the shortest percentage of time specified in the short-term\n                                                performance objective of the generic geostationary-satellite orbit reference links;\n                                                and\n\n\u2013 a reduction of at most 8% in a calculated annual time-weighted average spectral efficiency\n                                                for the generic geostationary-satellite orbit reference links using adaptive coding\n                                                and modulation, taking into account that the methodology ensures that the degradation\n                                                of time-weighted average spectral efficiency on each link is lower than the maximum\n                                                permissible reduction,\n\nfor each generic geostationary-satellite orbit reference link in Annex 1\u00a0to Resolution\n                                          770\u00a0(WRC-19); and:\n\n\u2013 an increase of 10% of the time allowance for the C/N values associated with the short-term performance objectives of the supplemental\n                                                geostationary-satellite orbit links; and\n\n\u2013 a reduction of at most 8% in a calculated annual time-weighted average spectral efficiency\n                                                for the supplemental geostationary-satellite orbit links associated with notified\n                                                and brought into use frequency assignments using adaptive coding and modulation, taking\n                                                into account that the methodology ensures that the degradation of time-weighted average\n                                                spectral efficiency on each link is lower than the maximum permissible reduction.\n\nResolution 769 (WRC-19) shall also apply. (WRC-19)\n\nSection III \u2212 Station keeping of space stations136\n\n22.6 \u00a7 6\u00a01) Space stations on board geostationary satellites which use any frequency band\n                                          allocated to the fixed-satellite service or the broadcasting-satellite service137:\n\n22.7\na) shall have the capability of maintaining their positions within \u00b10.1\u00b0 of the longitude\n                                          of their nominal positions;\n\n22.8\nb) shall maintain their positions within \u00b10.1\u00b0 of longitude of their nominal positions;\n\nbut\n\n22.9\nc) experimental stations on board geostationary satellites need not comply with No.\n                                          22.7 nor No. 22.8, but shall maintain their positions within \u00b10.5\u00b0 of longitude of their nominal positions;\n\n22.10\nd) however, space stations need not comply with No. 22.8 nor No. 22.9 as appropriate as long as the satellite network to which the space station belongs\n                                          does not cause unacceptable interference to any other satellite network whose space\n                                          station complies with the limits given in Nos. 22.8 and 22.9.\n\n22.11 2) Space stations on board geostationary satellites which do not use any frequency\n                                          band allocated to the fixed-satellite service or the broadcasting-satellite service:\n\n22.12\na) shall have the capability of maintaining their positions within \u00b10.5\u00b0 of the longitude\n                                          of their nominal positions;\n\n22.13\nb) shall maintain their positions within \u00b10.5\u00b0 of longitude of their nominal positions;\n\nbut\n\n22.14\nc) need not comply with No. 22.13 as long as the satellite network to which the space station belongs does not cause\n                                          unacceptable interference to any other satellite network whose space station complies\n                                          with the limits given in No. 22.13.\n\n22.15 3) Space stations138 on board geostationary satellites which are put into service prior to 1\u00a0January 1987,\n                                          with the advance publication information for the network having been published before\n                                          1\u00a0January 1982, are exempted from the provisions of Nos. 22.6 to 22.14 inclusive; however they\n\n22.16\na) shall have the capability of maintaining their positions within \u00b11\u00b0 of the longitude\n                                          of their nominal positions, but efforts should be made to achieve a capability of\n                                          maintaining their positions at least within \u00b10.5\u00b0 of the longitude of their nominal\n                                          positions;\n\n22.17\nb) shall maintain their positions within \u00b11\u00b0 of longitude of their nominal positions;\n\nbut\n\n22.18\nc) need not comply with No. 22.17 as long as the satellite network to which the space station belongs does not cause\n                                          unacceptable interference to any other satellite network whose space station complies\n                                          with the limits given in No. 22.17.\n\nSection IV \u2212 Pointing accuracy of antennas on geostationary satellites\n\n22.19 \u00a7 7\u00a01) The pointing direction of maximum radiation of any earthward beam of antennas\n                                          on geostationary satellites139 shall be capable of being maintained within:\n\na) 10\u00a0% of the half-power beamwidth relative to the nominal pointing direction, or\n\nb) 0.3\u00b0 relative to the nominal pointing direction, whichever is greater. This position\n                                                applies only when such a beam is intended for less than global coverage.\n\n22.20 2) In the event that the beam is not rotationally symmetrical about the axis of maximum\n                                          radiation, the tolerance in any plane containing this axis shall be related to the\n                                          half power beamwidth in that plane.\n\n22.21 3) This accuracy shall be maintained only if it is required to avoid unacceptable\n                                          interference to other systems.\n\nSection V \u2212 Radio astronomy in the shielded zone of the Moon\n\n22.22 \u00a7 8\u00a01) In the shielded zone of the Moon140 emissions causing harmful interference to radio astronomy observations141 and to other users of passive services shall be prohibited in the entire frequency\n                                          spectrum except in the following bands:\n\n22.23\na) the frequency bands allocated to the space research service using active sensors;\n\n22.24\nb) the frequency bands allocated to the space operation service, the Earth exploration-satellite\n                                          service using active sensors, and the radiolocation service using stations on spaceborne\n                                          platforms, which are required for the support of space research, as well as for radiocommunications\n                                          and space research transmissions within the lunar shielded zone.\n\n22.25 2) In frequency bands in which emissions are not prohibited by Nos. 22.22 to 22.24, radio astronomy observations and passive space research in the shielded zone of\n                                          the Moon may be protected from harmful interference by agreement between administrations\n                                          concerned.\n\nSection VI \u2212 Off-axis power limits on earth stations of a geostationary-satellite\n                                          network in the fixed-satellite service142 , 143 (WRC-2000)\n\n22.26 \u00a7 9 The level of equivalent isotropically radiated power (e.i.r.p.) emitted by an\n                                          earth station of a geostationary-satellite network shall not exceed the following\n                                          values for any off-axis angle \u03c7\u03c0 which is 3\u00b0 or more off the main-lobe axis of an\n                                          earth station antenna:\n\nOff-axis angle\n\nMaximum e.i.r.p.\n\n3\u00b0 \u2264 \u03c6 \u2264 7\u00b0\n\n42\u00a0\u2013 25\u00a0log \u03c6 dB(W/40\u00a0kHz)\n\n7\u00b0 < \u03c6 \u2264 9.2\u00b0\n\n21\u00a0dB(W/40\u00a0kHz)\n\n9.2\u00a0< \u03c6 \u2264 48\u00b0\n\n45\u00a0\u2013 25\u00a0log \u03c6 dB(W/40\u00a0kHz)\n\n48\u00b0 < \u03c6 \u2264 180\u00b0\n\n3\u00a0dB(W/40\u00a0kHz)\n\n(WRC-2000)\n\n22.27 For frequency-modulated television emissions with energy dispersal, the limits in\n                                          No. 22.26 above may be exceeded by up to 3\u00a0dB, provided that the off-axis total e.i.r.p. of\n                                          the transmitted frequency-modulated television carrier does not exceed the following\n                                          values:\n\nOff-axis angle\n\nMaximum e.i.r.p.\n\n3\u00b0 \u2264 \u03c6 \u2264 7\u00b0\n\n56\u00a0\u2013 25\u00a0log \u03c6 dBW\n\n7\u00b0 < \u03c6 \u2264 9.2\u00b0\n\n35\u00a0dBW\n\n9.2\u00a0< \u03c6 \u2264 48\u00b0\n\n59 \u2013 25\u00a0log \u03c6 dBW\n\n48\u00b0 < \u03c6 \u2264 180\u00b0\n\n17\u00a0dBW\n\n(WRC-2000)\n\n22.28 Frequency-modulated television carriers which operate without energy dispersal should\n                                          be modulated at all times with programme material or appropriate test patterns. In\n                                          this case, the off-axis total e.i.r.p. of the emitted frequency-modulated television\n                                          carrier shall not exceed the following values:\n\nOff-axis angle\n\nMaximum e.i.r.p.\n\n3\u00b0 \u2264 \u03c6 \u2264 7\u00b0\n\n56\u00a0\u2013 25\u00a0log \u03c6 dBW\n\n7\u00b0 < \u03c6 \u2264 9.2\u00b0\n\n35\u00a0dBW\n\n9.2\u00a0< \u03c6 \u2264 48\u00b0\n\n59 \u2013 25\u00a0log \u03c6 dBW\n\n48\u00b0 < \u03c6 \u2264 >180\u00b0\n\n17\u00a0dBW\n\n(WRC-2000)\n\n22.29 The e.i.r.p. limits given in Nos. 22.26, 22.27 and 22.28 are applicable in the following frequency bands allocated to the fixed-satellite\n                                          service (Earth-to-space):\n\n12.75-13.25\u00a0GHz\n\n13.75-14\u00a0GHz\n\n14-14.5\u00a0GHz. (WRC-97)\n\n22.30 The e.i.r.p. limits given in Nos. 22.26, 22.27, 22.28 and 22.32 do not apply to earth station antennas in service or ready to be in service144 prior to 2\u00a0June 2000, nor to earth stations associated with a satellite network in\n                                          the fixed-satellite service for which complete coordination or notification information\n                                          has been received before 2\u00a0June 2000. (WRC-2000)\n\n22.31 Telecommand and ranging145 carriers transmitted to geostationary satellites in the fixed-satellite service in\n                                          normal mode of operation (i.e. earth station transmitting telecommand and ranging\n                                          carriers to a directional receiving antenna on the space station) may exceed the levels\n                                          given in No. 22.26 by no more than 16\u00a0dB in the frequency bands 12.75-13.25\u00a0GHz and 13.75-14.5\u00a0GHz.\n                                          In all other modes of operation, and in case of force majeure, telecommand and ranging carriers transmitted to geostationary satellites in the\n                                          fixed-satellite service are exempted from the levels given in No. 22.26. (WRC-2000)\n\n22.32 \u00a7 10\u00a0The level of equivalent isotropically radiated power (e.i.r.p.) density emitted\n                                          by an earth station in a geostationary-satellite network in the 29.5-30\u00a0GHz frequency\n                                          band shall not exceed the following values for any off-axis angle \u03c6 which is 3\u00b0 or\n                                          more off the main-lobe axis of an earth station antenna:\n\nOff-axis angle\n\nMaximum e.i.r.p.\n\n3\u00b0 \u2264 \u03c6 \u2264 7\u00b0\n\n28\u00a0\u2013 25\u00a0log \u03c6 dB(W/40\u00a0kHz)\n\n7\u00b0 < \u03c6 \u2264 9.2\u00b0\n\n7\u00a0dB(W/40\u00a0kHz)\n\n9.2\u00a0< \u03c6 \u2264 48\u00b0\n\n31\u00a0\u2013 25\u00a0log \u03c6 dB(W/40\u00a0kHz)\n\n48\u00b0 < \u03c6 \u2264 180\u00b0\n\n\u22121\u00a0dB(W/40\u00a0kHz)\n\n(WRC-2000)\n\n22.33 Not used. (WRC-2000)\n\n22.34 Telecommand and ranging carriers transmitted to geostationary satellites in the fixed-satellite\n                                          service in normal mode of operation (i.e. earth station transmitting telecommand and\n                                          ranging carriers to a directional receiving antenna on the space station) may exceed\n                                          the levels given in No. 22.32 by no more than 10\u00a0dB in the frequency band 29.5-30\u00a0GHz. In all other modes of operation,\n                                          and in case of force majeure, telecommand and ranging carriers transmitted to geostationary satellites in the\n                                          fixed-satellite service are exempted from the levels given in No. 22.32. (WRC-2000)\n\n22.35 For geostationary-satellite systems in which the earth stations are expected to transmit\n                                          simultaneously in the same 40\u00a0kHz band, e.g. for geostationary-satellite systems employing\n                                          code-division multiple access, the maximum e.i.r.p. values given in No. 22.32 should be decreased by 10\u00a0log(N) dB, where N is the number of earth stations which are in the receive satellite beam of the satellite\n                                          with which these earth stations are communicating and which are expected to transmit\n                                          simultaneously on the same frequency. (WRC-2000)\n\n22.36 Earth stations operating in the frequency band 29.5-30\u00a0GHz should be designed in\n                                          such a manner that 90% of their peak off-axis e.i.r.p. density levels do not exceed\n                                          the values given in No. 22.32. Further study is needed to determine the off-axis angular range over which these\n                                          exceedences would be permitted, taking into account the interference level into adjacent\n                                          satellites. The statistical processing of the off-axis e.i.r.p. density peaks should\n                                          be carried out using the method given in the most recent version of Recommendation\n                                          ITU-R S.732. (WRC-07)\n\n22.37 The limits given in Nos. 22.26 to 22.28 and 22.32 apply under clear-sky conditions. During rain-fade conditions, the limits may be\n                                          exceeded by earth stations when using uplink power control. (WRC-2000)\n\n22.38 Earth stations in the fixed-satellite service operating in the 29.5-30\u00a0GHz band,\n                                          which have lower elevation angles to the geostationary-satellite orbit, will require\n                                          higher e.i.r.p. levels relative to the same terminals at higher elevation angles to\n                                          achieve the same power flux-densities at the geostationary-satellite orbit, due to\n                                          the combined effect of increased distance and atmospheric absorption. Earth stations\n                                          with low elevation angles may exceed the levels given in No. 22.32 by the following amounts:\n\nElevation angle to geostationary-satellite orbit,\u00a0\u03b5\n\nIncrease in e.i.r.p. density (dB)\n\n\u03b5 \u2264 5\u00b0\n\n2.5\n\n5\u00b0 < \u03b5 \u2264 30\u00b0\n\n0.1(25\u00a0\u2212 \u03b5) + 0.5\n\n(WRC-2000)\n\n22.39 The values in No. 22.32 applicable to the off-axis angle range from 48\u00b0 to 180\u00b0 are intended to account for\n                                          spillover effects. (WRC-2000)\n\nSection VII \u2013 Limits to the interference into the frequency band 14.5-14.8\u00a0GHz by\n                                          the fixed-satellite service (Earth-to-space) not for feeder links for the broadcasting\n                                          satellite service (WRC-15)\n\n22.40 Under assumed free-space propagation conditions, the power flux-density emitted by\n                                          an earth station of a geostationary-satellite network not for feeder links for the\n                                          broadcasting- satellite service in the frequency bands 14.5-14.75\u00a0GHz in countries\n                                          listed in Resolution 163\u00a0(WRC-15) and 14.50-14.8\u00a0GHz in countries listed in Resolution 164\u00a0(WRC-15) shall not exceed the value of \u221276\u00a0dB(W/(m2 \u2022 27\u00a0MHz)) at any point in the geostationary-satellite orbit. (WRC-15)\n\nSection I \u2212 Broadcasting service\n\n23.1\nA \u2212 General\n\n23.2 \u00a7 1\u00a01) The establishment and use of broadcasting stations (sound broadcasting and\n                                          television broadcasting stations) on board ships, aircraft or any other floating or\n                                          airborne objects outside national territories is prohibited.\n\n23.3 2) In principle, except in the frequency band 3\u00a0900-4\u00a0000\u00a0kHz, broadcasting stations\n                                          using frequencies below 5\u00a0060\u00a0kHz or above 41\u00a0MHz shall not employ power exceeding\n                                          that necessary to maintain economically an effective national service of good quality\n                                          within the frontiers of the country concerned.\n\n23.4\nB \u2212 Broadcasting in the Tropical Zone\n\n23.5 \u00a7 2\u00a01) In these Regulations, the expression \u201cbroadcasting in the Tropical Zone\u201d indicates\n                                          a type of broadcasting for internal national use in countries in the zone defined\n                                          in Nos. 5.16 to 5.21, where it may be shown that because of the difficulty of high atmospheric noise level\n                                          and propagation it is not possible to provide economically a more satisfactory service\n                                          by using low, medium, or very high frequencies.\n\n23.6 2) The use by the broadcasting service of the bands listed below is restricted to\n                                          the Tropical Zone:\n\n2\u00a0300-2\u00a0498\u00a0kHz\n\n(Region 1)\n\n2\u00a0300-2\u00a0495\u00a0kHz\n\n(Regions 2\u00a0and 3)\n\n3\u00a0200-3\u00a0400\u00a0kHz\n\n(all Regions)\n\n4\u00a0750-4\u00a0995\u00a0kHz\n\n(all Regions)\n\n5\u00a0005-5\u00a0060\u00a0kHz\n\n(all Regions).\n\n23.7 3) The carrier power of the transmitters operating in this service in the bands listed\n                                          in No. 23.6 shall not exceed 50\u00a0kW.\n\n23.8 4) Within the Tropical Zone, the broadcasting service has priority over the other\n                                          services with which it shares the bands listed in No. 23.6.\n\n23.9 5) However, in that part of Libya north of parallel 30\u00b0 North the broadcasting service\n                                          in the bands listed in No. 23.6 has equal rights to operate with other services in the Tropical Zone with which it\n                                          shares these bands.\n\n23.10 6) The broadcasting service operating inside the Tropical Zone, and other services\n                                          operating outside this zone, are subject to the provisions of No. 4.8.\n\n23.11\n C \u2212 HF bands allocated to the broadcasting service except the bands as referred to\n                                             in No.\n23.6 (WRC-03)\n\n23.12 \u00a7 3\u00a0Transmitting stations of the broadcasting service operating in the HF bands allocated\n                                          to the broadcasting service, except the bands as referred to in No. 23.6, shall meet the system specifications contained in Appendix 11. (WRC-03)\n\nSection II \u2212 Broadcasting-satellite service\n\n23.13 \u00a7 4\u00a0In devising the characteristics of a space station in the broadcasting-satellite\n                                          service, all technical means available shall be used to reduce, to the maximum, the\n                                          radiation over the territory of other countries unless an agreement has been previously\n                                          reached with such countries.\n\n23.13A If the Bureau receives an indication of a written agreement under No. 23.13, it shall include reference to that agreement when the assignments to the system\n                                          are recorded with reference to No. 23.13 in the Remarks column of the Master International Frequency Register or included\n                                          in the Regions 1\u00a0and 3\u00a0List. (WRC-2000)\n\n23.13B If, within the four-month period following the publication of the Special Section\n                                          for a broadcasting-satellite service (except sound broadcasting) network submitted\n                                          for coordination under Article 9 or Appendix 30, an administration informs the Bureau that all technical means have not been used\n                                          to reduce the radiation over its territory, the Bureau shall draw the attention of\n                                          the responsible administration to the comments received. The Bureau shall request\n                                          the two administrations to make every effort possible in order to resolve the issue.\n                                          Either administration may request the Bureau to study the matter and submit its report\n                                          to the administrations concerned. If no agreement can be reached, then the Bureau\n                                          shall delete the territory of the objecting administration from the service area without\n                                          adversely affecting the rest of the service area and inform the responsible administration.\n                                          (WRC-2000)\n\n23.13C If, after the four-month period mentioned above, an administration objects to remaining\n                                          in the service area, the Bureau shall delete the territory of the objecting administration\n                                          from the service area of the broadcasting-satellite service (except sound broadcasting)\n                                          network concerned without adversely affecting the rest of the service area and inform\n                                          the responsible administration. (WRC-2000)\n\n24.1 Administrations are urged to discontinue, in the fixed service, the use of double-sideband\n                                          radiotelephone (class A3E) transmissions.\n\n24.2 Class F3E or G3E emissions are prohibited in the fixed service in the bands below\n                                          30\u00a0MHz.\n\n24.3 (SUP \u2013 WRC-03)\n\n24.4 (SUP \u2013 WRC-03)\n\n24.5 (SUP \u2013 WRC-03)\n\n24.6 (SUP \u2013 WRC-03)\n\nSection I \u2212 Amateur service\n\n25.1 \u00a7 1\u00a0Radiocommunication between amateur stations of different countries shall be permitted\n                                          unless the administration of one of the countries concerned has notified that it objects\n                                          to such radiocommunications. (WRC-03)\n\n25.2 \u00a7 2\u00a01) Transmissions between amateur stations of different countries shall be limited\n                                          to communications incidental to the purposes of the amateur service, as defined in\n                                          No. 1.56 and to remarks of a personal character. (WRC-03)\n\n25.2A 1A) Transmissions between amateur stations of different countries shall not be encoded\n                                          for the purpose of obscuring their meaning, except for control signals exchanged between\n                                          earth command stations and space stations in the amateur-satellite service. (WRC-03)\n\n25.3 2) Amateur stations may be used for transmitting international communications on\n                                          behalf of third parties only in case of emergencies or disaster relief. An administration\n                                          may determine the applicability of this provision to amateur stations under its jurisdiction.\n                                          (WRC-03)\n\n25.4 (SUP \u2013 WRC-03)\n\n25.5 \u00a7 3\u00a01) Administrations shall determine whether or not a person seeking a licence\n                                          to operate an amateur station shall demonstrate the ability to send and receive texts\n                                          in Morse code signals. (WRC-03)\n\n25.6 2) Administrations shall verify the operational and technical qualifications of any\n                                          person wishing to operate an amateur station. Guidance for standards of competence\n                                          may be found in the most recent version of Recommendation ITU-R M.1544. (WRC-03)\n\n25.7 \u00a7 4\u00a0The maximum power of amateur stations shall be fixed by the administrations concerned.\n                                          (WRC-03)\n\n25.8 \u00a7 5\u00a01) All pertinent Articles and provisions of the Constitution, the Convention\n                                          and of these Regulations shall apply to amateur stations. (WRC-03)\n\n25.9 2) During the course of their transmissions, amateur stations shall transmit their\n                                          call sign at short intervals.\n\n25.9A \u00a7 5A Administrations are encouraged to take the necessary steps to allow amateur\n                                          stations to prepare for and meet communication needs in support of disaster relief.\n                                          (WRC-03)\n\n25.9B \u00a7 5B An administration may determine whether or not to permit a person who has been\n                                          granted a licence to operate an amateur station by another administration to operate\n                                          an amateur station while that person is temporarily in its territory, subject to such\n                                          conditions or restrictions it may impose. (WRC-03)\n\nSection II \u2212 Amateur-satellite service\n\n25.10 \u00a7 6\u00a0The provisions of Section I of this Article shall apply equally, as appropriate,\n                                          to the amateur-satellite service.\n\n25.11 \u00a7 7\u00a0Administrations authorizing space stations in the amateur-satellite service shall\n                                          ensure that sufficient earth command stations are established before launch to ensure\n                                          that any harmful interference caused by emissions from a station in the amateur-satellite\n                                          service can be terminated immediately (see No. 22.1). (WRC-03)\n\n26.1 \u00a7 1\u00a01) To facilitate more efficient use of the radio frequency spectrum and to assist\n                                          other technical and scientific activities, administrations providing or intending\n                                          to provide a standard frequency and time signal service shall coordinate, in accordance\n                                          with the provisions in this Article, the establishment and operation of such a service\n                                          on a worldwide basis. Attention should be given to the extension of this service to\n                                          those areas of the world not adequately served.\n\n26.2 2) To this end, each administration shall take steps to coordinate, with the assistance\n                                          of the Bureau, any new standard frequency or time signal transmission or any change\n                                          in existing transmissions in the standard frequency bands. For this purpose, administrations\n                                          shall exchange between themselves, and furnish to the Bureau, all relevant information.\n                                          On this matter, the Bureau shall consult other international organizations having\n                                          a direct and substantial interest in the subject.\n\n26.3 3) In so far as is practicable, a new frequency assignment in the standard frequency\n                                          bands should not be made or notified to the Bureau until appropriate coordination\n                                          has been completed.\n\n26.4 \u00a7 2\u00a0Administrations shall cooperate in reducing interference in the frequency bands\n                                          to which the standard frequency and time signal service is allocated.\n\n26.5 \u00a7 3\u00a0Administrations which provide this service shall cooperate through the Bureau\n                                          in the collation and distribution of the results of the measurements of standard frequencies\n                                          and time signals, as well as details concerning adjustments to the frequencies and\n                                          time signals.\n\n26.6 \u00a7 4\u00a0In selecting the technical characteristics of standard frequency and time signal\n                                          transmissions, administrations shall be guided by the relevant ITU-R Recommendations.\n\n27.1 \u00a7 1\u00a01) An experimental station may enter into communication with an experimental\n                                          station of another country only after it has been authorized to do so by its administration.\n                                          Each administration shall notify other administrations concerned when such authorizations\n                                          are issued.\n\n27.2 2) The administrations concerned determine by special arrangement the conditions\n                                          under which communications may be established.\n\n27.3 \u00a7 2\u00a0Administrations shall take such measures as they judge necessary to verify the\n                                          operational and technical qualifications of any person wishing to operate the apparatus\n                                          of an experimental station.\n\n27.4 \u00a7 3\u00a0The administrations concerned shall fix the maximum power of experimental stations,\n                                          having regard to the purpose for which their establishment has been authorized and\n                                          the conditions under which they are to operate.\n\n27.5 \u00a7 4\u00a01) All the general rules of the Constitution, the Convention and of these Regulations\n                                          shall apply to experimental stations. In particular, experimental stations shall comply\n                                          with the technical conditions imposed upon transmitters operating in the same frequency\n                                          bands, except where the technical principles of the experiments prevent this. In such\n                                          a case, the administration which authorizes the operation of these stations may grant\n                                          a dispensation in an appropriate form.\n\n27.6 2) During the course of their transmissions, experimental stations shall transmit,\n                                          at short intervals, their call sign or any other recognized form of identification\n                                          (see Article 19).\n\n27.7 \u00a7 5\u00a0Where there is no risk of an experimental station causing harmful interference\n                                          to a service of another country, the administration concerned may, if considered desirable,\n                                          adopt different provisions from those contained in this Article.\n\nSection I \u2212 General provisions\n\n28.1 \u00a7 1\u00a0Administrations which have established a radiodetermination service shall take\n                                          the necessary steps to ensure the effectiveness and regularity of that service; however\n                                          they accept no responsibility for the consequences that might arise from the use of\n                                          inaccurate information furnished, defective working, or failure of their stations.\n\n28.2 \u00a7 2\u00a0In the case of doubtful or unreliable observations, the station taking the bearing\n                                          or fixing the position shall, whenever possible, notify the station to which this\n                                          information is given of any such doubt or unreliability.\n\n28.3 \u00a7 3\u00a0Administrations shall notify to the Bureau the characteristics of each radiodetermination\n                                          station providing an international service of value to the maritime mobile service\n                                          and, if considered necessary, for each station or group of stations, the sectors in\n                                          which the information furnished is normally reliable. This information is published\n                                          in the List of Coast Stations and Special Service Stations (List IV), and the Bureau\n                                          shall be notified of any change of a permanent nature. (WRC-07)\n\n28.4 \u00a7 4\u00a0The method of identification of radiodetermination stations shall be so chosen\n                                          as to avoid any doubt as to their identity.\n\n28.5 \u00a7 5\u00a0Signals sent by radiodetermination stations shall be such as to permit accurate\n                                          and precise measurements.\n\n28.6 \u00a7 6\u00a0Any information concerning modification or irregularity of working of a radiodetermination\n                                          station shall be notified without delay in the following manner:\n\n28.7\na) land stations of countries operating a radiodetermination service shall send out\n                                          daily, if necessary, notices of modifications or irregularities in working until such\n                                          time as normal working is restored or, if a permanent alteration has been made, until\n                                          such time as it can reasonably be taken that all navigators interested have been warned;\n\n28.8\nb) permanent alterations or irregularities of long duration shall be published as soon\n                                          as possible in the relevant notices to navigators.\n\nSection II \u2212 Provisions for the radiodetermination-satellite service\n\n28.9 \u00a7 7\u00a01) The provisions of Nos. 28.1 to 28.8, excluding No. 28.2, shall be applied to the maritime radionavigation-satellite service.\n\n28.10 2) The provisions of Nos. 28.1 to 28.8, excluding Nos. 28.2 and 28.3, shall be applied to the aeronautical radionavigation-satellite service.\n\n28.11 3) The provisions of Nos. 28.1 to 28.8, excluding Nos. 28.2 and 28.3, shall be applied to the radiodetermination-satellite service.\n\nSection III \u2212 Radio direction-finding stations\n\n28.12 \u00a7 8\u00a01) In the maritime radionavigation service, the radiotelegraph frequency normally\n                                          used for radio direction-finding is 410\u00a0kHz. All direction-finding stations of the\n                                          maritime radionavigation service using radiotelegraphy shall be able to use this frequency.\n                                          They shall, in addition, be able to take bearings on 500\u00a0kHz, especially for locating\n                                          stations sending signals of distress, alarm and urgency.\n\n28.13 2) Where a radio direction-finding service is provided in the authorized bands between\n                                          1\u00a0606.5\u00a0kHz and 2\u00a0850\u00a0kHz, the radio direction-finding stations should be able to\n                                          take bearings on the radiotelephone distress and calling frequency 2\u00a0182\u00a0kHz. (WRC-03)\n\n28.14 3) Where a radio direction-finding station as defined in No. 1.12, operates in the bands between 156\u00a0MHz and 174\u00a0MHz, it should be able to take bearings\n                                          on the VHF distress and calling frequency 156.8\u00a0MHz and on the VHF digital selective\n                                          calling frequency 156.525\u00a0MHz.\n\n28.15 Not used.\n\n28.16 \u00a7 9 In the absence of prior arrangements, an aircraft station which calls a radio\n                                          direction-finding station for a bearing shall use for this purpose a frequency on\n                                          which the station called normally keeps watch.\n\n28.17 \u00a7 10\u00a0In the aeronautical radionavigation service, the procedure contemplated for\n                                          radio direction-finding in this Section is applicable, except where special procedures\n                                          are in force as a result of arrangements concluded between the administrations concerned.\n\nSection IV \u2212 Radiobeacon stations\n\n28.18 \u00a7 11\u00a0When an administration thinks it desirable in the interests of navigation to\n                                          organize a service of radiobeacon stations, it may use for this purpose:\n\n28.19\na) radiobeacons properly so-called, established on land or on ships permanently moored\n                                          or, exceptionally, on ships navigating in a restricted area, the limits of which are\n                                          known and published. The emissions of these radiobeacons may have either directional\n                                          or non-directional patterns;\n\n28.20\nb) fixed stations, coast stations or aeronautical stations designated to function as\n                                          radiobeacons, at the request of mobile stations.\n\n28.21 \u00a7 12\u00a01) Radiobeacons properly so-called shall use the frequency bands which are available\n                                          to them under Chapter II.\n\n28.22 2) Other stations notified as radiobeacons shall use for this purpose their normal\n                                          working frequency and their normal class of emission.\n\n28.23 3) The power radiated by each radiobeacon properly so-called shall be adjusted to\n                                          the value necessary to produce the stipulated field strength at the limit of the range\n                                          required (see Appendix 12).\n\n28.24 \u00a7 13\u00a0Special rules applicable to aeronautical radio beacons operating in the bands\n                                          between 160\u00a0kHz and 535\u00a0kHz and to the maritime radio beacons operating in the bands\n                                          between 283.5\u00a0kHz and 335\u00a0kHz are given in Appendix 12.\n\nSection I \u2212 General provisions\n\n29.1 \u00a7 1\u00a0Administrations shall cooperate in protecting the radio astronomy service from\n                                          interference, bearing in mind:\n\n29.2\na) the exceptionally high sensitivity of radio astronomy stations;\n\n29.3\nb) the frequent need for long periods of observation without harmful interference; and\n\n29.4\nc) that the small number of radio astronomy stations in each country and their known\n                                          locations often make it practicable to give special consideration to the avoidance\n                                          of interference.\n\n29.5 \u00a7 2\u00a0The locations of the radio astronomy stations to be protected and their frequencies\n                                          of observation shall be notified to the Bureau in accordance with No. 11.12 and published in accordance with No. 20.16 for communication to Member States.\n\nSection II \u2212 Measures to be taken in the radio astronomy service\n\n29.6 \u00a7 3\u00a0The locations of radio astronomy stations shall be selected with due regard to\n                                          the possibility of harmful interference to these stations.\n\n29.7 \u00a7 4\u00a0All practicable technical means shall be adopted at radio astronomy stations\n                                          to reduce their susceptibility to interference. The development of improved techniques\n                                          for reducing susceptibility to interference shall be pursued, including participation\n                                          in cooperative studies through the Radiocommunication Sector.\n\nSection III \u2212 Protection of the radio astronomy service\n\n29.8 \u00a7 5\u00a0The status of the radio astronomy service in the various frequency bands is specified\n                                          in the Table of Frequency Allocations (Article 5). Administrations shall provide protection from interference to stations in the radio\n                                          astronomy service in accordance with the status of this service in those bands (see\n                                          also Nos. 4.6, 22.22 to 22.24 and 22.25).\n\n29.9 \u00a7 6\u00a0In providing protection from interference to the radio astronomy service on a\n                                          permanent or temporary basis, administrations shall use appropriate means such as\n                                          geographical separation, site shielding, antenna directivity and the use of time-sharing\n                                          and the minimum practicable transmitter power.\n\n29.10 \u00a7 7\u00a0In bands adjacent to those in which observations are carried out in the radio\n                                          astronomy service, operating in accordance with these Regulations, administrations\n                                          are urged, when assigning frequencies to stations of other services, to take all practicable\n                                          steps to protect the radio astronomy service from harmful interference in accordance\n                                          with No. 4.5. In addition to the measures referred to in No. 29.9, technical means for minimizing the power radiated at frequencies within the band\n                                          used for radio astronomy should be given special consideration (see also No. 4.6).\n\n29.11 \u00a7 8\u00a0When assigning frequencies to stations in other bands, administrations are urged,\n                                          as far as practicable, to take into consideration the need to avoid spurious emissions\n                                          which could cause harmful interference to the radio astronomy service operating in\n                                          accordance with these Regulations (see also No. 4.6).\n\n29.12 \u00a7 9 In applying the measures outlined in this Section, administrations should bear\n                                          in mind that the radio astronomy service is extremely susceptible to interference\n                                          from space and airborne transmitters (for further information, see the most recent\n                                          version of Recommendation ITU-R RA.769). (WRC-03)\n\n29.13 \u00a7 10\u00a0Administrations shall take note of the relevant ITU-R Recommendations with the\n                                          aim of limiting interference to the radio astronomy service from other services.\n\n29.15\n\n29A.1 \u00a7 1\u00a0Radio services related to Earth observations include the Earth exploration-satellite\n                                          service (EESS), meteorological-satellite service (MetSat), meteorological aids service\n                                          (MetAids) and specific applications of the radiolocation service (e.g. meteorological\n                                          or oceanographic radars, wind profiler radars). In this respect, see Resolution 673\u00a0(Rev.WRC-12). (WRC-12)\n\nSection I \u2212 Introduction\n\n30.1 \u00a7 1\u00a0This Chapter contains the provisions for the operational use of the global maritime\n                                          distress and safety system (GMDSS), whose functional requirements, system elements\n                                          and equipment carriage requirements are set forth in the International Convention\n                                          for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), 1974, as amended. This Chapter also contains\n                                          provisions for initiating distress, urgency and safety communications by means of\n                                          radiotelephony on the frequency 156.8\u00a0MHz (VHF channel 16). (WRC-07)\n\n30.2 \u00a7 2\u00a0No provision of these Regulations prevents the use by a mobile station or a mobile\n                                          earth station in distress of any means at its disposal to attract attention, make\n                                          known its position, and obtain help (see also No. 4.9).\n\n30.3 \u00a7 3\u00a0No provision of these Regulations prevents the use by stations on board aircraft,\n                                          ships engaged in search and rescue operations, land stations, or coast earth stations,\n                                          in exceptional circumstances, of any means at their disposal to assist a mobile station\n                                          or a mobile earth station in distress (see also Nos. 4.9 and 4.16).\n\nSection II \u2212 Maritime provisions\n\n30.4 \u00a7 4\u00a0The provisions specified in this Chapter are obligatory in the maritime mobile\n                                          service and the maritime mobile-satellite service for all stations using the frequencies\n                                          and techniques prescribed for the functions set out herein (see also No. 30.5). (WRC-07)\n\n30.5 \u00a7 5\u00a0The International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), 1974, as\n                                          amended, prescribes which ships and which of their survival craft shall be provided\n                                          with radio equipment, and which ships shall carry portable radio equipment for use\n                                          in survival craft. It also prescribes the requirements which shall be met by such\n                                          equipment.\n\n30.6 \u00a7 6\u00a0Ship earth stations located at rescue coordination centres147 may be authorized by an administration to communicate for distress and safety purposes\n                                          with any other station using bands allocated to the maritime mobile-satellite service,\n                                          when special circumstances make it essential, notwithstanding the methods of working\n                                          provided for in these Regulations.\n\n30.7 \u00a7 7\u00a0Mobile stations148 of the maritime mobile service may communicate, for safety purposes, with stations\n                                          of the aeronautical mobile service. Such communications shall normally be made on\n                                          the frequencies authorized, and under the conditions specified in Section I of Article\n                                          31 (see also No. 4.9).\n\nSection III \u2212 Aeronautical provisions\n\n30.8 \u00a7 8\u00a0The procedure specified in this Chapter is obligatory for communications between\n                                          stations on board aircraft and stations of the maritime mobile-satellite service,\n                                          wherever this service or stations of this service are specifically mentioned.\n\n30.9 \u00a7 9 Certain provisions of this Chapter are applicable to the aeronautical mobile\n                                          service, except in the case of special arrangements between the governments concerned.\n\n30.10 \u00a7 10\u00a0Mobile stations of the aeronautical mobile service may communicate, for distress\n                                          and safety purposes, with stations of the maritime mobile service in conformity with\n                                          the provisions of this Chapter.\n\n30.11 \u00a7 11\u00a0Any station on board an aircraft required by national or international regulations\n                                          to communicate for distress, urgency or safety purposes with stations of the maritime\n                                          mobile service that comply with the provisions of this Chapter, shall be capable of\n                                          transmitting and receiving class J3E emissions when using the carrier frequency 2\u00a0182\u00a0kHz,\n                                          or class J3E emissions when using the carrier frequency 4\u00a0125\u00a0kHz, or class G3E emissions\n                                          when using the frequency 156.8\u00a0MHz and, optionally, the frequency 156.3\u00a0MHz.\n\n30.11A \u00a7 11A Aircraft, when conducting search and rescue operations, are also permitted\n                                          to operate digital selective calling (DSC) equipment on the VHF DSC frequency 156.525\u00a0MHz,\n                                          and automatic identification system (AIS) equipment on the AIS frequencies 161.975\u00a0MHz\n                                          and 162.025\u00a0MHz. (WRC-07)\n\nSection IV \u2212 Land mobile provisions\n\n30.12 \u00a7 12\u00a0Stations of the land mobile service in uninhabited, sparsely populated or remote\n                                          areas may, for distress and safety purposes, use the frequencies provided for in this\n                                          Chapter.\n\n30.13 \u00a7 13\u00a0The procedure specified in this Chapter is obligatory for stations of the land\n                                          mobile service when using frequencies provided in these Regulations for distress and\n                                          safety communications.\n\nSection I \u2212 General\n\n31.1 \u00a7 1\u00a0The frequencies to be used for the transmission of distress and safety information\n                                          under the GMDSS are contained in Appendix 15. In addition to the frequencies listed in Appendix 15, ship stations and coast stations should use other appropriate frequencies for the\n                                          transmission of safety messages and general radiocommunications to and from shore-based\n                                          radio systems or networks. (WRC-07)\n\n31.2 \u00a7 2\u00a0Any emission causing harmful interference to distress and safety communications\n                                          on any of the discrete frequencies identified in Appendix 15 is prohibited. (WRC-07)\n\n31.3 \u00a7 3\u00a0The number and duration of test transmissions shall be kept to a minimum on the\n                                          frequencies identified in Appendix 15; they should be coordinated with a competent authority, as necessary, and, wherever\n                                          practicable, be carried out on artificial antennas or with reduced power. However,\n                                          testing on the distress and safety calling frequencies should be avoided, but where\n                                          this is unavoidable, it should be indicated that these are test transmissions.\n\n31.4 \u00a7 4\u00a0Before transmitting for other than distress purposes on any of the frequencies\n                                          identified in Appendix 15 for distress and safety, a station shall, where practicable, listen on the frequency\n                                          concerned to make sure that no distress transmission is being sent.\n\n31.5 Not Used.\n\nSection II \u2212 Survival craft stations\n\n31.6 \u00a7 5\u00a01) Equipment for radiotelephony use in survival craft stations shall, if capable\n                                          of operating on any frequency in the bands between 156\u00a0MHz and 174\u00a0MHz, be able to\n                                          transmit and receive on 156.8\u00a0MHz and at least one other frequency in these bands.\n\n31.7 2) Equipment for transmitting locating signals from survival craft stations shall\n                                          be capable of operating in the 9 200-9 500\u00a0MHz band.\n\n31.8 3) Equipment with digital selective calling facilities for use in survival craft\n                                          shall, if capable of operating:\n\n31.9\na) in the bands between 1\u00a0606.5\u00a0kHz and 2\u00a0850\u00a0kHz, be able to transmit on 2\u00a0187.5\u00a0kHz;\n                                          (WRC-03)\n\n31.10\nb) in the bands between 4\u00a0000\u00a0kHz and 27\u00a0500\u00a0kHz, be able to transmit on 8\u00a0414.5\u00a0kHz;\n\n31.11\nc) in the bands between 156\u00a0MHz and 174\u00a0MHz, be able to transmit on 156.525\u00a0MHz.\n\nSection III \u2212 Watchkeeping\n\n31.12\nA \u2212 Coast stations\n\n31.13 \u00a7 6\u00a0Those coast stations assuming a watch-keeping responsibility in the GMDSS shall\n                                          maintain an automatic digital selective calling watch on frequencies and for periods\n                                          of time as indicated in the information published in the List of Coast Stations and\n                                          Special Service Stations (List IV). (WRC-07)\n\n31.14\nB \u2212 Coast earth stations\n\n31.15 \u00a7 7\u00a0Those coast earth stations assuming a watch-keeping responsibility in the GMDSS\n                                          shall maintain a continuous automatic watch for appropriate distress alerts relayed\n                                          by space stations.\n\n31.16\nC \u2212 Ship stations\n\n31.17 \u00a7 8\u00a01) Ship stations, where so equipped, shall, while at sea, maintain an automatic\n                                          digital selective calling watch on the appropriate distress and safety calling frequencies\n                                          in the frequency bands in which they are operating. Ship stations, where so equipped,\n                                          shall also maintain watch on the appropriate frequencies for the automatic reception\n                                          of transmissions of meteorological and navigational warnings and other urgent information\n                                          to ships. (WRC-07)\n\n31.18 2) Ship stations complying with the provisions of this Chapter should, where practicable,\n                                          maintain a watch on the frequency 156.8\u00a0MHz (VHF channel 16). (WRC-07)\n\n31.19\nD \u2212 Ship earth stations\n\n31.20 \u00a7 9 Ship earth stations complying with the provisions of this Chapter shall, while\n                                          at sea, maintain watch except when communicating on a working channel.\n\nSection I \u2212 General\n\n32.1 \u00a7 1\u00a0Distress communications rely on the use of terrestrial MF, HF and VHF radiocommunications\n                                          and communications using satellite techniques. Distress communications shall have\n                                          absolute priority over all other transmissions. The following terms apply:\n\na) The distress alert is a digital selective call (DSC) using a distress call format,\n                                                in the bands used for terrestrial radiocommunication, or a distress message format,\n                                                in which case it is relayed through space stations.\n\nb) The distress call is the initial voice or text procedure.\n\nc) The distress message is the subsequent voice or text procedure.\n\nd) The distress alert relay is a DSC transmission on behalf of another station.\n\ne) The distress call relay is the initial voice or text procedure for a station not itself\n                                                in distress. (WRC-07)\n\n32.2 \u00a7 2\u00a01) The distress alert shall be sent through a satellite either with absolute\n                                          priority in general communication channels, on exclusive distress and safety frequencies\n                                          reserved for satellite EPIRBs in the Earth-to-space direction or on the distress and\n                                          safety frequencies designated in the MF, HF and VHF bands for digital selective calling\n                                          (see Appendix 15). (WRC-07)\n\n32.2A 1A) The distress call shall be sent on the distress and safety frequencies designated\n                                          in the MF, HF and VHF bands for radiotelephony. (WRC-07)\n\n32.3 2) The distress alert or call and subsequent messages shall be sent only on the authority\n                                          of the person responsible for the ship, aircraft or other vehicle carrying the mobile\n                                          station or the mobile earth station. (WRC-07)\n\n32.4 \u00a7 3\u00a0All stations which receive a distress alert or call transmitted on the distress\n                                          and safety frequencies in the MF, HF and VHF bands shall immediately cease any transmission\n                                          capable of interfering with distress traffic and prepare for subsequent distress traffic.\n                                          (WRC-07)\n\n32.5 \u00a7 4\u00a0Distress alerts or distress alert relays using DSC should use the technical structures\n                                          and content set forth in the most recent version of Recommendations ITU-R M.493\u00a0and\n                                          ITU-R M.541. (WRC-07)\n\n32.5A \u00a7 4A Each administration shall ensure that suitable arrangements are made for assigning\n                                          and registering identities used by ships participating in the GMDSS, and shall make\n                                          registration information available to rescue coordination centres on a 24-hour day,\n                                          7-day week basis. Where appropriate, administrations shall notify responsible organizations\n                                          immediately of additions, deletions and other changes in these assignments (see Nos.\n                                          19.39, 19.96\u00a0and 19.99). Registration information submitted shall be in accordance with Resolution 340\u00a0(WRC-97)149. (WRC-07)\n\n32.5B \u00a7 4B Any GMDSS shipboard equipment which is capable of transmitting position coordinates\n                                          as part of a distress alert and which does not have an integral electronic position-fixing\n                                          system receiver shall be interconnected to a separate navigation receiver, if one\n                                          is installed, to provide that information automatically. (WRC-07)\n\n32.6 \u00a7 5\u00a0Transmissions by radiotelephony shall be made slowly and distinctly, each word\n                                          being clearly pronounced to facilitate transcription.\n\n32.7 \u00a7 6\u00a0The phonetic alphabet and figure code in Appendix 14 and the abbreviations and signals in accordance with the most recent version of Recommendation\n                                          ITU-R M.1172\u00a0should be used where applicable150. (WRC-03)\n\nSection II \u2212 Distress alerting and distress calling (WRC-07)\n\n32.8\nA \u2212 General\n\n32.9 \u00a7 7\u00a01) The transmission of a distress alert or a distress call indicates that a mobile\n                                          unit151 or person152 is threatened by grave and imminent danger and requires immediate assistance. (WRC-07)\n\n32.10 2) The distress alert shall provide153 the identification of the station in distress and its position.\n\n32.10A \u00a7 7A 1) A distress alert is false if it was transmitted without any indication that\n                                          a mobile unit or person was in distress and required immediate assistance (see No.\n                                          32.9). Administrations receiving a false distress alert shall report this infringement\n                                          in accordance with Section V of Article 15, if that alert:\n\na) was transmitted intentionally;\n\nb) was not cancelled in accordance with No. 32.53A and Resolution 349 (Rev.WRC-19);\n\nc) could not be verified as a result of either the ship\u2019s failure to keep watch on appropriate\n                                                frequencies in accordance with Nos. 31.16 to 31.20, or its failure to respond to calls from an authorized rescue authority;\n\nd) was repeated; or\n\ne) was transmitted using a false identity.\n\nAdministrations receiving such a report shall take appropriate steps to ensure that\n                                          the infringement does not recur. No action should normally be taken against any ship\n                                          or mariner for reporting and cancelling a false distress alert. (WRC-19)\n\n32.10B 2) Administrations shall take practicable and necessary steps to ensure the avoidance\n                                          of false distress alerts, including those transmitted inadvertently. (WRC-07)\n\n32.11\nB \u2212 Transmission of a distress alert or a distress call (WRC-07)\n\nB1\u00a0\u2212 Transmission of a distress alert or a distress call by a ship station or a ship\n                                             earth station\n (WRC-07)\n\n32.12 \u00a7 8\u00a0Ship-to-shore distress alerts or calls are used to alert rescue coordination\n                                          centres via coast stations or coast earth stations that a ship is in distress. These\n                                          alerts are based on the use of transmissions via satellites (from a ship earth station\n                                          or a satellite EPIRB) and terrestrial services (from ship stations and EPIRBs). (WRC-07)\n\n32.13 \u00a7 9 1) Ship-to-ship distress alerts are used to alert other ships in the vicinity\n                                          of the ship in distress and are based on the use of digital selective calling in the\n                                          VHF and MF bands. Additionally, the HF band may be used. (WRC-07)\n\n32.13A 2) Ship stations equipped for digital selective calling procedures may transmit a\n                                          distress call and distress message immediately following the distress alert in order\n                                          to attract attention from as many ship stations as possible. (WRC-07)\n\n32.13B 3) Ship stations not equipped for digital selective calling procedures shall, where\n                                          practical, initiate the distress communications by transmitting a radio telephony\n                                          distress call and message on the frequency 156.8\u00a0MHz (VHF channel 16). (WRC-07)\n\n32.13BA \u00a7 9A The radiotelephone distress signal consists of the word MAYDAY pronounced as\n                                          the French expression \u201cm\u2019aider\u201d. (WRC-07)\n\n32.13C \u00a7 9B 1) The distress call sent on the frequency 156.8\u00a0MHz (VHF channel 16) shall\n                                          be given in the following form, taking into account Nos. 32.6 and 32.7:\n\n\u2013 the distress signal \u201cMAYDAY\u201d, spoken three times;\n\n\u2013 the words \u201cTHIS IS\u201d;\n\n\u2013 the name of the vessel in distress, spoken three times;\n\n\u2013 the call sign or other identification;\n\n\u2013 the MMSI (if the initial alert has been sent by DSC). (WRC-12)\n\n32.13D 2) The distress message which follows the distress call should be given in the following\n                                          form, taking into account Nos. 32.6 and 32.7:\n\n\u2013 the distress signal \u201cMAYDAY\u201d;\n\n\u2013 the name of the vessel in distress;\n\n\u2013 the call sign or other identification;\n\n\u2013 the MMSI (if the initial alert has been sent by DSC);\n\n\u2013 the position, given as the latitude and longitude, or if the latitude and longitude\n                                                are not known or if time is insufficient, in relation to a known geographical location;\n\n\u2013 the nature of the distress;\n\n\u2013 the kind of assistance required;\n\n\u2013 any other useful information. (WRC-12)\n\n32.13E \u00a7 9C DSC procedures use a combination of automated functions and manual intervention\n                                          to generate the appropriate distress call format in the most recent version of Recommendation\n                                          ITU-R M.541. A distress alert sent by DSC consists of one or more distress alert attempts\n                                          in which a message format is transmitted identifying the station in distress, giving\n                                          its last recorded position and, if entered, the nature of the distress. In MF and\n                                          HF bands, distress alert attempts may be sent as a single-frequency attempt or a multi-frequency\n                                          attempt on up to six frequencies within one minute. In VHF bands, only single-frequency\n                                          call attempts are used. The distress alert will repeat automatically at random intervals,\n                                          a few minutes apart, until an acknowledgement sent by DSC is received. (WRC-07)\n\nB2\u00a0\u2212 Transmission of a shore-to-ship distress alert relay or a distress call relay\n                                             (WRC-07)\n\n32.14 \u00a7 10\u00a01) A station or a rescue coordination centre which receives a distress alert\n                                          or call and a distress message shall initiate the transmission of a shore-to-ship\n                                          distress alert relay addressed, as appropriate, to all ships, to a selected group\n                                          of ships, or to a specific ship, by satellite and/or terrestrial means. (WRC-07)\n\n32.15 2) The distress alert relay and the distress call relay shall contain the identification\n                                          of the mobile unit in distress, its position and all other information which might\n                                          facilitate rescue. (WRC-07)\n\nB3\u00a0\u2212 Transmission of a distress alert relay or a distress call relay by a station\n                                             not itself in distress\n (WRC-07)\n\n32.16 \u00a7 11\u00a0A station in the mobile or mobile-satellite service which learns that a mobile\n                                          unit is in distress (for example, by a radio call or by observation) shall initiate\n                                          and transmit a distress alert relay or a distress call relay on behalf of the mobile\n                                          unit in distress once it has ascertained that any of the following circumstances apply:\n                                          (WRC-07)\n\n32.17\na) on receiving a distress alert or call which is not acknowledged by a coast station\n                                          or another vessel within five minutes (see also Nos. 32.29A and 32.31); (WRC-07)\n\n32.18\nb) on learning that the mobile unit in distress is otherwise unable or incapable of\n                                          participating in distress communications, if the master or other person responsible\n                                          for the mobile unit not in distress considers that further help is necessary. (WRC-07)\n\n32.19 \u00a7 12\u00a01) The distress relay on behalf of a mobile unit in distress shall be sent in\n                                          a form appropriate to the circumstances (see Nos. 32.19A to 32.19D) using either a distress call relay by radiotelephony (see Nos. 32.19D and 32.19E), an individually addressed distress alert relay by DSC (see No. 32.19B), or a distress priority message through a ship earth station. (WRC-07)\n\n32.19A 2) A station transmitting a distress alert relay or a distress call relay in accordance\n                                          with Nos. 32.16 to 32.18 shall indicate that it is not itself in distress. (WRC-07)\n\n32.19B 3) A distress alert relay sent by DSC should use the call format, as found in the\n                                          most recent version of Recommendations ITU-R M.493\u00a0and ITU-R M.541, and should preferably\n                                          be addressed to an individual coast station or rescue coordination centre154. (WRC-07)\n\n32.19C 4) However, a ship shall not transmit a distress alert relay to all ships by digital\n                                          selective calling on the VHF or MF distress frequencies following receipt of a distress\n                                          alert sent by digital selective calling by the ship in distress. (WRC-07)\n\n32.19D 5) When an aural watch is being maintained on shore and reliable ship-to-shore communications\n                                          can be established by radiotelephony, a distress call relay is sent by radiotelephony\n                                          and addressed to the relevant coast station or rescue coordination centre155 6\u00a0on the appropriate frequency. (WRC-07)\n\n32.19E 6) The distress call relay sent by radiotelephony should be given in the following\n                                          form, taking into account Nos. 32.6 and 32.7:\n\n\u2013 the distress signal \u201cMAYDAY RELAY\u201d, spoken three times;\n\n\u2013 the words \u201cALL STATIONS\u201d or coast station name, as appropriate, spoken three times;\n\n\u2013 the words \u201cTHIS IS\u201d;\n\n\u2013 the name of the relaying station, spoken three times;\n\n\u2013 the call sign or other identification of the relaying station;\n\n\u2013 the MMSI (if the initial alert has been sent by DSC) of the relaying station (the\n                                                vessel not in distress). (WRC-12)\n\n32.19F 7) This call shall be followed by a distress message which shall, as far as possible,\n                                          repeat the information156 contained in the original distress alert or distress message. (WRC-07)\n\n32.19G 8) When no aural watch is being maintained on shore, or there are other difficulties\n                                          in establishing reliable ship-to-shore communications by radiotelephony, an appropriate\n                                          coast station or rescue coordination centre may be contacted by sending an individual\n                                          distress alert relay by DSC, addressed solely to that station and using the appropriate\n                                          call formats. (WRC-07)\n\n32.19H 9) In the event of continued failure to contact a coast station or rescue coordination\n                                          centre directly, it may be appropriate to send a distress call relay by radiotelephony\n                                          addressed to all ships, or to all ships in a certain geographical area. See also No.\n                                          32.19C. (WRC-07)\n\n32.20\nC \u2212 Receipt and acknowledgement of distress alerts and distress calls (WRC-07)\n\nC1\u00a0\u2212 Procedure for acknowledgement of receipt of distress alerts or a distress call\n                                             (WRC-07)\n\n32.21 \u00a7 13\u00a01) Acknowledgement of receipt of a distress alert, including a distress alert\n                                          relay, shall be made in the manner appropriate to the method of transmission of the\n                                          alert and within the time-scale appropriate to the role of the station in receipt\n                                          of the alert. Acknowledgement by satellite shall be sent immediately. (WRC-07)\n\n32.21A 2) When acknowledging receipt of a distress alert sent by DSC157, the acknowledgement in the terrestrial services shall be made by DSC, radiotelephony\n                                          or narrow-band direct-printing telegraphy as appropriate to the circumstances, on\n                                          the associated distress and safety frequency in the same band in which the distress\n                                          alert was received, taking due account of the directions given in the most recent\n                                          versions of Recommendations ITU-R M.493\u00a0and ITU-R M.541. (WRC-07)\n\n32.21B Acknowledgement by DSC of a distress alert sent by DSC addressed to stations in the\n                                          maritime mobile service shall be addressed to all stations8. (WRC-07)\n\n32.22 (SUP \u2013 WRC-07)\n\n32.23 \u00a7 15\u00a01) When acknowledging by radiotelephony the receipt of a distress alert or a\n                                          distress call from a ship station or a ship earth station, the acknowledgement should\n                                          be given in the following form, taking into account Nos. 32.6 and 32.7:\n\n\u2013 the distress signal \u201cMAYDAY\u201d;\n\n\u2013 the name followed by the call sign, or the MMSI or other identification of the station\n                                                sending the distress message;\n\n\u2013 the words \u201cTHIS IS\u201d;\n\n\u2013 the name and call sign or other identification of the station acknowledging receipt;\n\n\u2013 the word \u201cRECEIVED\u201d;\n\n\u2013 the distress signal \u201cMAYDAY\u201d. (WRC-12)\n\n32.24 2) When acknowledging by narrow-band direct-printing telegraphy the receipt of a\n                                          distress alert from a ship station, the acknowledgement should be given in the following\n                                          form:\n\n\u2013 the distress signal \u201cMAYDAY\u201d;\n\n\u2013 the call sign or other identification of the station sending the distress alert;\n\n\u2013 the characters \u201cDE\u201d;\n\n\u2013 the call sign or other identification of the station acknowledging receipt of the\n                                                distress alert;\n\n\u2013 the signal \u201cRRR\u201d;\n\n\u2013 the distress signal \u201cMAYDAY\u201d. (WRC-07)\n\n32.25 (SUP \u2013 WRC-07)\n\nC2\u00a0\u2212 Receipt and acknowledgement by a coast station, a coast earth station or a rescue\n                                             coordination centre (WRC-07)\n\n32.26 \u00a7 17\u00a0Coast stations and the appropriate coast earth stations in receipt of distress\n                                          alerts or distress calls shall ensure that they are routed as soon as possible to\n                                          a rescue coordination centre. In addition, receipt of a distress alert or a distress\n                                          call is to be acknowledged as soon as possible by a coast station, or by a rescue\n                                          coordination centre via a coast station or an appropriate coast earth station. A shore-to-ship\n                                          distress alert relay or a distress call relay (see Nos. 32.14 and 32.15) shall also be made when the method of receipt warrants a broadcast alert to shipping\n                                          or when the circumstances of the distress incident indicate that further help is necessary.\n                                          (WRC-07)\n\n32.27 \u00a7 18\u00a0A coast station using DSC to acknowledge a distress alert shall transmit the\n                                          acknowledgement on the distress calling frequency on which the distress alert was\n                                          received and should address it to all ships. The acknowledgement shall include the\n                                          identification of the ship whose distress alert is being acknowledged. (WRC-07)\n\nC3\u00a0\u2212 Receipt and acknowledgement by a ship station or ship earth station (WRC-07)\n\n32.28 \u00a7 19 1) Ship or ship earth stations in receipt of a distress alert or a distress\n                                          call shall, as soon as possible, inform the master or person responsible for the ship\n                                          of the contents of the distress alert. (WRC-07)\n\n32.29 2) In areas where reliable communications with one or more coast stations are practicable,\n                                          ship stations in receipt of a distress alert or a distress call from another vessel\n                                          should defer acknowledgement for a short interval so that a coast station may acknowledge\n                                          receipt in the first instance. (WRC-07)\n\n32.29A 3) Ship stations in receipt of a distress call sent by radiotelephony on the frequency\n                                          156.8\u00a0MHz (VHF channel 16) shall, if the call is not acknowledged by a coast station\n                                          or another vessel within five minutes, acknowledge receipt to the vessel in distress\n                                          and use any means available to relay the distress call to an appropriate coast station\n                                          or coast earth station (see also Nos. 32.16 to 32.19F). (WRC-07)\n\n32.30 \u00a7 20\u00a01) Ship stations operating in areas where reliable communications with a coast\n                                          station are not practicable which receive a distress alert or call from a ship station\n                                          which is, beyond doubt, in their vicinity, shall, as soon as possible and if appropriately\n                                          equipped, acknowledge receipt to the vessel in distress and inform a rescue coordination\n                                          centre through a coast station or coast earth station (see also Nos. 32.16 to 32.19H). (WRC-07)\n\n32.31 2) However, in order to avoid making unnecessary or confusing transmissions in response,\n                                          a ship station, which may be at a considerable distance from the incident, receiving\n                                          an HF distress alert, shall not acknowledge it but shall observe the provisions of\n                                          Nos. 32.36 to 32.38, and shall, if the distress alert is not acknowledged by a coast station within five\n                                          minutes, relay the distress alert, but only to an appropriate coast station or coast\n                                          earth station (see also Nos. 32.16 to 32.19H). (WRC-07)\n\n32.32 \u00a7 21\u00a0A ship station acknowledging receipt of a distress alert sent by DSC should,\n                                          in accordance with No. 32.29 or No. 32.30: (WRC-07)\n\n32.33\n a) in the first instance, acknowledge receipt of the distress alert by using radiotelephony\n                                          on the distress and safety traffic frequency in the band used for the alert, taking\n                                          into account any instructions which may be issued by a responding coast station; (WRC-07)\n\n32.34\n b) if acknowledgement by radiotelephony of the distress alert received on the MF or\n                                          VHF distress alerting frequency is unsuccessful, acknowledge receipt of the distress\n                                          alert by responding with a digital selective call on the appropriate frequency.\n\n32.34A \u00a7 21A However, unless instructed to do so by a coast station or a rescue coordination\n                                          centre, a ship station may only send an acknowledgement by DSC in the event that:\n\na) no acknowledgement by DSC from a coast station has been observed; and\n\nb) no other communication by radiotelephony or narrow-band direct-printing telegraphy\n                                                to or from the vessel in distress has been observed; and\n\nc) at least five minutes have elapsed and the distress alert by DSC has been repeated\n                                                (see No. 32.21A.1). (WRC-07)\n\n32.35 \u00a7 22\u00a0A ship station in receipt of a shore-to-ship distress alert relay or distress\n                                          call relay (see No. 32.14) should establish communication as directed and render such assistance as required\n                                          and appropriate. (WRC-07)\n\n32.36\nD \u2212 Preparations for handling of distress traffic\n\n32.37 \u00a7 23\u00a0On receipt of a distress alert or a distress call, ship stations and coast stations\n                                          shall set watch on the radiotelephone distress and safety traffic frequency associated\n                                          with the distress and safety calling frequency on which the distress alert was received.\n                                          (WRC-07)\n\n32.38 \u00a7 24\u00a0Coast stations and ship stations with narrow-band direct-printing equipment\n                                          shall set watch on the narrow-band direct-printing frequency associated with the distress\n                                          alert if it indicates that narrow-band direct-printing is to be used for subsequent\n                                          distress communications. If practicable, they should additionally set watch on the\n                                          radiotelephone frequency associated with the distress alert frequency. (WRC-07)\n\nSection III \u2212 Distress traffic\n\n32.39\nA \u2212 General and search and rescue coordinating communications\n\n32.40 \u00a7 25\u00a0Distress traffic consists of all messages relating to the immediate assistance\n                                          required by the ship in distress, including search and rescue communications and on-scene\n                                          communications. The distress traffic shall as far as possible be on the frequencies\n                                          contained in Article 31.\n\n32.41 (SUP \u2013 WRC-07)\n\n32.42 \u00a7 26\u00a0For distress traffic by radiotelephony, when establishing communications, calls\n                                          shall be prefixed by the distress signal MAYDAY.\n\n32.43 \u00a7 27\u00a01) Error correction techniques in accordance with relevant ITU-R Recommendations\n                                          shall be used for distress traffic by direct-printing telegraphy. All messages shall\n                                          be preceded by at least one carriage return, a line feed signal, a letter shift signal\n                                          and the distress signal MAYDAY.\n\n32.44 2) Distress communications by direct-printing telegraphy should normally be established\n                                          by the ship in distress and should be in the broadcast (forward error correction)\n                                          mode. The ARQ mode may subsequently be used when it is advantageous to do so.\n\n32.45 \u00a7 28\u00a01) The rescue coordination centre responsible for controlling a search and rescue\n                                          operation shall also coordinate the distress traffic relating to the incident or may\n                                          appoint another station to do so. (WRC-07)\n\n32.46 2) The rescue coordination centre coordinating distress traffic, the unit coordinating\n                                          search and rescue operations158 or the coast station involved may impose silence on stations which interfere with\n                                          that traffic. This instruction shall be addressed to all stations or to one station\n                                          only, according to circumstances. In either case, the following shall be used:\n\n32.47 a) in radiotelephony, the signal SEELONCE MAYDAY, pronounced as the French expression\n                                          \u201csilence, m\u2019aider\u201d;\n\n32.48\nb) in narrow-band direct-printing telegraphy normally using forward-error correcting\n                                          mode, the signal SILENCE MAYDAY. However, the ARQ mode may be used when it is advantageous\n                                          to do so.\n\n32.49 \u00a7 29 Until they receive the message indicating that normal working may be resumed\n                                          (see No. 32.51), all stations which are aware of the distress traffic, and which are not taking\n                                          part in it, and which are not in distress, are forbidden to transmit on the frequencies\n                                          in which the distress traffic is taking place.\n\n32.50 \u00a7 30\u00a0A station of the mobile service which, while following distress traffic, is\n                                          able to continue its normal service, may do so when the distress traffic is well established\n                                          and on condition that it observes the provisions of No. 32.49 and that it does not interfere with distress traffic.\n\n32.51 \u00a7 31\u00a0When distress traffic has ceased on frequencies which have been used for distress\n                                          traffic, the station controlling the search and rescue operation shall initiate a\n                                          message for transmission on these frequencies indicating that distress traffic has\n                                          finished. (WRC-07)\n\n32.52 \u00a7 32\u00a01) In radiotelephony, the message referred to in No. 32.51 should consist of the following taking into account Nos. 32.6 and 32.7:\n\n\u2013 the distress signal \u201cMAYDAY\u201d;\n\n\u2013 the words \u201cALL STATIONS\u201d, spoken three times;\n\n\u2013 the words \u201cTHIS IS\u201d;\n\n\u2013 the name of the station sending that message, spoken three times;\n\n\u2013 the call sign or other identification of the station sending the message;\n\n\u2013 the time of handing in of the message;\n\n\u2013 the MMSI (if the initial alert has been sent by DSC), the name and the call sign of\n                                                the mobile station which was in distress;\n\n\u2013 the words \u201cSEELONCE FEENEE\u201d pronounced as the French words \u201csilence fini\u201d. (WRC-12)\n\n32.53 2) In direct-printing telegraphy, the message referred to in No. 32.51 consists of:\n\n\u2013 the distress signal \u201cMAYDAY\u201d;\n\n\u2013 the characters \u201cCQ\u201d;\n\n\u2013 the characters \u201cDE\u201d;\n\n\u2013 the call sign or other identification of the station sending the message;\n\n\u2013 the time of handing in of the message;\n\n\u2013 the name and call sign of the mobile station which was in distress; and\n\n\u2013 the words \u201cSILENCE FINI\u201d.\n\n32.53A\nCancellation of an inadvertent distress alert (WRC-07)\n\n32.53B \u00a7 32A 1) A station transmitting an inadvertent distress alert or call shall cancel\n                                          the transmission. (WRC-07)\n\n32.53C 2) An inadvertent DSC alert shall be cancelled by DSC, if the DSC equipment is so\n                                          capable. The cancellation should be in accordance with the most recent version of\n                                          Recommendation ITU-R M.493. In all cases, cancellations shall also be transmitted\n                                          by radiotelephone in accordance with 32.53E. (WRC-07)\n\n32.53D 3) An inadvertent distress call shall be cancelled by radiotelephone in accordance\n                                          with the procedure in 32.53E. (WRC-07)\n\n32.53E 4) Inadvertent distress transmissions shall be cancelled orally on the associated\n                                          distress and safety frequency in the same band on which the distress transmission\n                                          was sent, using the following procedure, taking into account Nos. 32.6 and 32.7:\n\n\u2013 the words \u201cALL STATIONS\u201d, spoken three times;\n\n\u2013 the words \u201cTHIS IS\u201d;\n\n\u2013 the name of the vessel, spoken three times;\n\n\u2013 the call sign or other identification;\n\n\u2013 the MMSI (if the initial alert has been sent by DSC);\n\n\u2013 the words \u201cPLEASE CANCEL MY DISTRESS ALERT OF\u201d followed by the time in UTC.\n\nMonitor the same band on which the inadvertent distress transmission was sent and\n                                          respond to any communications concerning that distress transmission as appropriate.\n                                          (WRC-12)\n\n32.54\nB \u2212 On-scene communications\n\n32.55 \u00a7 33\u00a01) On-scene communications are those between the mobile unit in distress and\n                                          assisting mobile units, and between the mobile units and the unit coordinating search\n                                          and rescue operations159.\n\n32.56 2) Control of on-scene communications is the responsibility of the unit coordinating\n                                          search and rescue operations160. Simplex communications shall be used so that all on- scene mobile stations may share\n                                          relevant information concerning the distress incident. If direct-printing telegraphy\n                                          is used, it shall be in the forward error-correcting mode.\n\n32.57 \u00a7 34\u00a01) The preferred frequencies in radiotelephony for on-scene communications are\n                                          156.8\u00a0MHz and 2\u00a0182\u00a0kHz. The frequency 2\u00a0174.5\u00a0kHz may also be used for ship-to-ship\n                                          on-scene communications using narrow-band direct-printing telegraphy in the forward\n                                          error correcting mode.\n\n32.58 2) In addition to 156.8\u00a0MHz and 2\u00a0182\u00a0kHz, the frequencies 3\u00a0023\u00a0kHz, 4\u00a0125\u00a0kHz,\n                                          5\u00a0680\u00a0kHz, 123.1\u00a0MHz and 156.3\u00a0MHz may be used for ship-to-aircraft on-scene communications.\n\n32.59 \u00a7 35\u00a0The selection or designation of on-scene frequencies is the responsibility of\n                                          the unit coordinating search and rescue operations161. Normally, once an on-scene frequency is established, a continuous aural or teleprinter\n                                          watch is maintained by all participating on-scene mobile units on the selected frequency.\n\n32.60\nC \u2212 Locating and homing signals\n\n32.61 \u00a7 36\u00a01) Locating signals are radio transmissions intended to facilitate the finding\n                                          of a mobile unit in distress or the location of survivors. These signals include those\n                                          transmitted by searching units, and those transmitted by the mobile unit in distress,\n                                          by survival craft, by float-free EPIRBs, by satellite EPIRBs and by search and rescue\n                                          radar transponders to assist the searching units.\n\n32.62 2) Homing signals are those locating signals which are transmitted by mobile units\n                                          in distress, or by survival craft, for the purpose of providing searching units with\n                                          a signal that can be used to determine the bearing to the transmitting stations.\n\n32.63 3) Locating signals may be transmitted in the following frequency bands:\n\n117.975-137\u00a0MHz;\n\n156-174\u00a0MHz;\n\n406-406.1\u00a0MHz; and\n\n9 200-9 500\u00a0MHz. (WRC-07)\n\n32.64 (SUP \u2013 WRC-07)\n\nSection I \u2212 General\n\n33.1 \u00a7 1\u00a01) Urgency and safety communications include: (WRC-07)\n\n33.2\na) navigational and meteorological warnings and urgent information;\n\n33.3\nb) ship-to-ship safety of navigation communications;\n\n33.4\nc) ship reporting communications;\n\n33.5\nd) support communications for search and rescue operations;\n\n33.6\ne) other urgency and safety messages; and\n\n33.7\nf) communications relating to the navigation, movements and needs of ships and weather\n                                          observation messages destined for an official meteorological service.\n\n33.7A 2) Urgency communications shall have priority over all other communications, except\n                                          distress. (WRC-07)\n\n33.7B 3) Safety communications shall have priority over all other communications, except\n                                          distress and urgency. (WRC-07)\n\nSection II \u2212 Urgency communications\n\n3.7C \u00a7 1A The following terms apply:\n\na) The urgency announcement is a digital selective call using an urgency call format162, in the bands used for terrestrial radiocommunication, or an urgency message format,\n                                                in which case it is relayed through space stations.\n\nb) The urgency call is the initial voice or text procedure.\n\nc) The urgency message is the subsequent voice or text procedure. (WRC-07)\n\n33.8 \u00a7 2\u00a01) In a terrestrial system, urgency communications consist of an announcement,\n                                          transmitted using digital selective calling, followed by the urgency call and message\n                                          transmitted using radiotelephony, narrow-band direct-printing, or data. The announcement\n                                          of the urgency message shall be made on one or more of the distress and safety calling\n                                          frequencies specified in Section I of Article 31 using either digital selective calling and the urgency call format, or if not available,\n                                          radio telephony procedures and the urgency signal. Announcements using digital selective\n                                          calling should use the technical structure and content set forth in the most recent\n                                          version of Recommendations ITU-R M.493\u00a0and ITU-R M.541. A separate announcement need\n                                          not be made if the urgency message is to be transmitted through the maritime mobile-satellite\n                                          service. (WRC-07)\n\n33.8A 2) Ship stations not equipped for digital selective calling procedures may announce\n                                          an urgency call and message by transmitting the urgency signal by radiotelephony on\n                                          the frequency 156.8\u00a0MHz (channel 16), while taking into account that other stations\n                                          outside VHF range may not receive the announcement. (WRC-07)\n\n33.8B 3) In the maritime mobile service, urgency communications may be addressed either\n                                          to all stations or to a particular station. When using digital selective calling techniques,\n                                          the urgency announcement shall indicate which frequency is to be used to send the\n                                          subsequent message and, in the case of a message to all stations, shall use the \u201cAll\n                                          Ships\u201d format setting. (WRC-07)\n\n33.8C 4) Urgency announcements from a coast station may also be directed to a group of\n                                          vessels or to vessels in a defined geographical area. (WRC-07)\n\n33.9 \u00a7 3\u00a01) The urgency call and message shall be transmitted on one or more of the distress\n                                          and safety traffic frequencies specified in Section I of Article 31. (WRC-07)\n\n33.9A 2) However, in the maritime mobile service, the urgency message shall be transmitted\n                                          on a working frequency:\n\na) in the case of a long message or a medical call; or\n\nb) in areas of heavy traffic when the message is being repeated.\n\nAn indication to this effect shall be included in the urgency announcement or call.\n                                          (WRC-07)\n\n33.9B 3) In the maritime mobile-satellite service, a separate urgency announcement or call\n                                          does not need to be made before sending the urgency message. However, if available,\n                                          the appropriate network priority access settings should be used for sending the message.\n                                          (WRC-07)\n\n33.10 \u00a7 4\u00a0The urgency signal consists of the words PAN PAN. In radiotelephony each word\n                                          of the group shall be pronounced as the French word \u201cpanne\u201d.\n\n33.11 \u00a7 5\u00a01) The urgency call format and the urgency signal indicate that the calling station\n                                          has a very urgent message to transmit concerning the safety of a mobile unit or a\n                                          person. (WRC-07)\n\n33.11A 2) Communications concerning medical advice may be preceded by the urgency signal.\n                                          Mobile stations requiring medical advice may obtain it through any of the land stations\n                                          shown in the List of Coast Stations and Special Service Stations. (WRC-07)\n\n33.11B 3) Urgency communications to support search and rescue operations need not be preceded\n                                          by the urgency signal. (WRC-07)\n\n33.12 \u00a7 6\u00a01) The urgency call should consist of the following, taking into account Nos.\n                                          32.6 and 32.7:\n\n\u2013 the urgency signal \u201cPAN PAN\u201d, spoken three times;\n\n\u2013 the name of the called station or \u201cALL STATIONS\u201d, spoken three times;\n\n\u2013 the words \u201cTHIS IS\u201d;\n\n\u2013 the name of the station transmitting the urgency message, spoken three times;\n\n\u2013 the call sign or any other identification;\n\n\u2013 the MMSI (if the initial announcement has been sent by DSC),\n\nfollowed by the urgency message or followed by the details of the channel to be used\n                                          for the message in the case where a working channel is to be used.\n\nIn radiotelephony, on the selected working frequency, the urgency call and message\n                                          consist of the following, taking into account Nos. 32.6 and 32.7:\n\n\u2013 the urgency signal \u201cPAN PAN\u201d, spoken three times;\n\n\u2013 the name of the called station or \u201cALL STATIONS\u201d, spoken three times;\n\n\u2013 the words \u201cTHIS IS\u201d;\n\n\u2013 the name of the station transmitting the urgency message, spoken three times;\n\n\u2013 the call sign or any other identification;\n\n\u2013 the MMSI (if the initial announcement has been sent by DSC);\n\n\u2013 the text of the urgency message. (WRC-12)\n\n33.13 2) In narrow-band direct-printing, the urgency message shall be preceded by the urgency\n                                          signal (see No. 33.10) and the identification of the transmitting station.\n\n33.14 \u00a7 7\u00a01) The urgency call format or urgency signal shall be sent only on the authority\n                                          of the person responsible for the ship, aircraft or other vehicle carrying the mobile\n                                          station or mobile earth station. (WRC-07)\n\n33.15 2) The urgency call format or the urgency signal may be transmitted by a land station\n                                          or a coast earth station with the approval of the responsible authority.\n\n33.15A \u00a7 7A 1) Ship stations in receipt of an urgency announcement or call addressed to\n                                          all stations shall not acknowledge. (WRC-07)\n\n33.15B 2) Ship stations in receipt of an urgency announcement or call of an urgency message\n                                          shall monitor the frequency or channel indicated for the message for at least five\n                                          minutes. If, at the end of the five-minute monitoring period, no urgency message has\n                                          been received, a coast station should, if possible, be notified of the missing message.\n                                          Thereafter, normal working may be resumed. (WRC-07)\n\n33.15C 3) Coast and ship stations which are in communication on frequencies other than those\n                                          used for the transmission of the urgency signal or the subsequent message may continue\n                                          their normal work without interruption, provided that the urgency message is not addressed\n                                          to them nor broadcast to all stations. (WRC-07)\n\n33.16 \u00a7 8\u00a0When an urgency announcement or call and message has been transmitted to more\n                                          than one station and action is no longer required, an urgency cancellation should\n                                          be sent by the station responsible for its transmission.\n\nThe urgency cancellation should consist of the following, taking into account Nos.\n                                          32.6 and 32.7:\n\n\u2013 the urgency signal \u201cPAN PAN\u201d, spoken three times;\n\n\u2013 the words \u201cALL STATIONS\u201d, spoken three times;\n\n\u2013 the words \u201cTHIS IS\u201d;\n\n\u2013 the name of the station transmitting the urgency message, spoken three times;\n\n\u2013 the call sign or any other identification;\n\n\u2013 the MMSI (if the initial announcement has been sent by DSC);\n\n\u2013 the words \u201cPLEASE CANCEL URGENCY MESSAGE OF\u201d followed by the time in UTC. (WRC-12)\n\n33.17 \u00a7 9 1) Error correction techniques in accordance with relevant ITU-R Recommendations\n                                          shall be used for urgency messages by direct-printing telegraphy. All messages shall\n                                          be preceded by at least one carriage return, a line feed signal, a letter shift signal\n                                          and the urgency signal PAN PAN.\n\n33.18 2) Urgency communications by direct-printing telegraphy should normally be established\n                                          in the broadcast (forward error correction) mode. The ARQ mode may subsequently be\n                                          used when it is advantageous to do so.\n\nSection III \u2212 Medical transports\n\n33.19 \u00a7 10\u00a0The term \u201cmedical transports\u201d, as defined in the 1949 Geneva Conventions and\n                                          Additional Protocols, refers to any means of transportation by land, water or air,\n                                          whether military or civilian, permanent or temporary, assigned exclusively to medical\n                                          transportation and under the control of a competent authority of a party to a conflict\n                                          or of neutral States and of other States not parties to an armed conflict, when these\n                                          ships, craft and aircraft assist the wounded, the sick and the shipwrecked.\n\n33.20 \u00a7 11\u00a01) For the purpose of announcing and identifying medical transports which are\n                                          protected under the above-mentioned Conventions, the procedure of Section II of this\n                                          Article is used. The urgency call shall be followed by the addition of the single\n                                          word MEDICAL in narrow-band direct-printing and by the addition of the single word\n                                          MAY-DEE-CAL pronounced as in French \u201cm\u00e9dical\u201d, in radiotelephony. (WRC-07)\n\n33.20A 2) When using digital selective calling techniques, the urgency announcement on the\n                                          appropriate Digital Selective Calling distress and safety frequencies shall always\n                                          be addressed to all stations on VHF and to a specified geographical area on MF and\n                                          HF and shall indicate \u201cMedical transport\u201d in accordance with the most recent version\n                                          of Recommendations ITU-R M.493\u00a0and ITU-R M.541. (WRC-07)\n\n33.20B 3) Medical transports may use one or more of the distress and safety traffic frequencies\n                                          specified in Section I of Article 31 for the purpose of self-identification and to establish communications. As soon as\n                                          practicable, communications shall be transferred to an appropriate working frequency.\n                                          (WRC-07)\n\n33.21 \u00a7 12\u00a0The use of the signals described in Nos. 33.20 and 33.20A indicates that the message which follows concerns a protected medical transport.\n                                          The message shall convey the following data: (WRC-07)\n\n33.22\na) call sign or other recognized means of identification of the medical transport;\n\n33.23\nb) position of the medical transport;\n\n33.24\nc) number and type of vehicles in the medical transport;\n\n33.25\nd) intended route;\n\n33.26\ne) estimated time en route and of departure and arrival, as appropriate;\n\n33.27\nf) any other information, such as flight altitude, radio frequencies guarded, languages\n                                          used and secondary surveillance radar modes and codes.\n\n33.28 (SUP \u2013 WRC-07)\n\n33.29 (SUP \u2013 WRC-07)\n\n33.30 \u00a7 13\u00a0The use of radiocommunications for announcing and identifying medical transports\n                                          is optional; however, if they are used, the provisions of these Regulations and particularly\n                                          of this Section and of Articles 30 and 31 shall apply.\n\nSection IV \u2212 Safety communications\n\n33.30A \u00a7 14\u00a0The following terms apply:\n\na) the safety announcement is a digital selective call using a safety call format in\n                                                the bands used for terrestrial radiocommunication or a safety message format, in which\n                                                case it is relayed through space stations;\n\nb) the safety call is the initial voice or text procedure;\n\nc) the safety message is the subsequent voice or text procedure. (WRC-07)\n\n33.31 \u00a7 15\u00a01) In a terrestrial system, safety communications consist of a safety announcement,\n                                          transmitted using digital selective calling, followed by the safety call and message\n                                          transmitted using radiotelephony, narrow-band direct-printing or data. The announcement\n                                          of the safety message shall be made on one or more of the distress and safety calling\n                                          frequencies specified in Section I of Article 31 using either digital selective calling techniques and the safety call format, or\n                                          radiotelephony procedures and the safety signal. (WRC-07)\n\n33.31A 2) However, in order to avoid unnecessary loading of the distress and safety calling\n                                          frequencies specified for use with digital selective calling techniques:\n\na) safety messages transmitted by coast stations in accordance with a predefined timetable\n                                                should not be announced by digital selective calling techniques;\n\nb) safety messages which only concern vessels sailing in the vicinity should be announced\n                                                using radiotelephony procedures. (WRC-07)\n\n33.31B 3) In addition, ship stations not equipped for digital selective calling procedures\n                                          may announce a safety message by transmitting the safety call by radiotelephony. In\n                                          such cases the announcement shall be made using the frequency 156.8\u00a0MHz (VHF channel\n                                          16), while taking into account that other stations outside VHF range may not receive\n                                          the announcement. (WRC-07)\n\n33.31C 4) In the maritime mobile service, safety messages shall generally be addressed to\n                                          all stations. In some cases, however, they may be addressed to a particular station.\n                                          When using digital selective calling techniques, the safety announcement shall indicate\n                                          which frequency is to be used to send the subsequent message and, in the case of a\n                                          message to all stations, shall use the \u201cAll Ships\u201d format setting. (WRC-07)\n\n33.32 \u00a7 16\u00a01) In the maritime mobile service, the safety message shall, where practicable,\n                                          be transmitted on a working frequency in the same band(s) as those used for the safety\n                                          announcement or call. A suitable indication to this effect shall be made at the end\n                                          of the safety call. In the case that no other option is practicable, the safety message\n                                          may be sent by radiotelephony on the frequency 156.8\u00a0MHz (VHF channel 16). (WRC-07)\n\n33.32A 2) In the maritime mobile-satellite service, a separate safety announcement or call\n                                          does not need to be made before sending the safety message. However, if available,\n                                          the appropriate network priority access settings should be used for sending the message.\n                                          (WRC-07)\n\n33.33 \u00a7 17\u00a0The safety signal consists of the word SECURITE. In radiotelephony, it shall\n                                          be pronounced as in French.\n\n33.34 \u00a7 18\u00a01) The safety call format or the safety signal indicates that the calling station\n                                          has an important navigational or meteorological warning to transmit. (WRC-07)\n\n33.34A 2) Messages from ship stations containing information concerning the presence of\n                                          cyclones shall be transmitted, with the least possible delay, to other mobile stations\n                                          in the vicinity and to the appropriate authorities through a coast station, or through\n                                          a rescue coordination centre via a coast station or an appropriate coast earth station.\n                                          These transmissions shall be preceded by the safety announcement or call. (WRC-07)\n\n33.34B 3) Messages from ship stations, containing information on the presence of dangerous\n                                          ice, dangerous wrecks, or any other imminent danger to marine navigation, shall be\n                                          transmitted as soon as possible to other ships in the vicinity, and to the appropriate\n                                          authorities through a coast station, or through a rescue coordination centre via a\n                                          coast station or an appropriate coast earth station. These transmissions shall be\n                                          preceded by the safety announcement or call. (WRC-07)\n\n33.35 \u00a7 19 1) The complete safety call should consist of the following, taking into account\n                                          Nos. 32.6 and 32.7:\n\n\u2013 the safety signal \u201cSECURITE\u201d, spoken three times;\n\n\u2013 the name of the called station or \u201cALL STATIONS\u201d, spoken three times;\n\n\u2013 the words \u201cTHIS IS\u201d;\n\n\u2013 the name of the station transmitting the safety message, spoken three times;\n\n\u2013 the call sign or any other identification;\n\n\u2013 the MMSI (if the initial announcement has been sent by DSC),\n\nfollowed by the safety message or followed by the details of the channel to be used\n                                          for the message in the case where a working channel is to be used.\n\nIn radiotelephony, on the selected working frequency, the safety call and message\n                                          should consist of the following, taking into account Nos. 32.6 and 32.7:\n\n\u2013 the safety signal \u201cSECURITE\u201d, spoken three times;\n\n\u2013 the name of the called station or \u201cALL STATIONS\u201d, spoken three times;\n\n\u2013 the words \u201cTHIS IS\u201d;\n\n\u2013 the name of the station transmitting the safety message, spoken three times;\n\n\u2013 the call sign or any other identification;\n\n\u2013 the MMSI (if the initial alert has been sent by DSC);\n\n\u2013 the text of the safety message. (WRC-12)\n\n33.36 2) In narrow-band direct-printing, the safety message shall be preceded by the safety\n                                          signal (see No. 33.33), and the identification of the transmitting station.\n\n33.37 \u00a7 20\u00a01) Error correction techniques in accordance with relevant ITU-R Recommendations\n                                          shall be used for safety messages by direct-printing telegraphy. All messages shall\n                                          be preceded by at least one carriage return, a line feed signal, a letter shift signal\n                                          and the safety signal SECURITE.\n\n33.38 2) Safety communications by direct-printing telegraphy should normally be established\n                                          in the broadcast (forward error correction) mode. The ARQ mode may subsequently be\n                                          used when it is advantageous to do so.\n\n33.38A \u00a7 20A 1) Ship stations in receipt of a safety announcement using digital selective\n                                          calling techniques and the \u201cAll Ships\u201d format setting, or otherwise addressed to all\n                                          stations, shall not acknowledge. (WRC-07)\n\n33.38B 2) Ship stations in receipt of a safety announcement or safety call and message shall\n                                          monitor the frequency or channel indicated for the message and shall listen until\n                                          they are satisfied that the message is of no concern to them. They shall not make\n                                          any transmission likely to interfere with the message. (WRC-07)\n\nSection V \u2212 Transmission of maritime safety information163\n\n33.39\nA \u2212 General\n\n33.39A (SUP \u2013 WRC-07)\n\n33.39B (SUP \u2013 WRC-07)\n\n33.40 (SUP \u2013 WRC-07)\n\n33.41 \u00a7 22\u00a0The mode and format of the transmissions mentioned in Nos. 33.43, 33.45, 33.46 and 33.48 shall be in accordance with the relevant ITU-R Recommendations.\n\n33.42\nB \u2212 International NAVTEX system\n\n33.43 \u00a7 23\u00a0Maritime safety information shall be transmitted by means of narrow-band direct-\n                                          printing telegraphy with forward error correction using the frequency 518\u00a0kHz in accordance\n                                          with the international NAVTEX system (see Appendix 15).\n\n33.44\nC \u2212 490\u00a0kHz and 4\u00a0209.5\u00a0kHz\n\n33.45 \u00a7 24\u00a01) The frequency 490\u00a0kHz may be used for the transmission of maritime safety\n                                          information by means of narrow-band direct-printing telegraphy with forward error\n                                          correction (see Appendix 15). (WRC-03)\n\n33.46 2) The frequency 4\u00a0209.5\u00a0kHz is used exclusively for NAVTEX-type transmission by\n                                          means of narrow-band direct-printing telegraphy with forward error correction.\n\n33.47\nD \u2212 High seas maritime safety information\n\n33.48 \u00a7 25\u00a0Maritime safety information is transmitted by means of narrow-band direct- printing\n                                          telegraphy with forward error correction using the frequencies 4\u00a0210\u00a0kHz, 6\u00a0314\u00a0kHz,\n                                          8\u00a0416.5\u00a0kHz, 12\u00a0579 kHz, 16\u00a0806.5\u00a0kHz, 19 680.5\u00a0kHz, 22\u00a0376\u00a0kHz and 26\u00a0100.5\u00a0kHz.\n\n33.49\nE \u2212 Maritime safety information via satellite\n\n33.50 \u00a7 26\u00a0Maritime safety information may be transmitted via satellite in the maritime\n                                          mobile-satellite service using the frequency bands 1\u00a0530-1\u00a0545\u00a0MHz and 1\u00a0621.35-1\u00a0626.5\u00a0MHz\n                                          (see Appendix 15). (WRC-19)\n\nSection VI \u2212 Intership navigation safety communications\n\n33.51 \u00a7 27\u00a01) Intership navigation safety communications are those VHF radiotelephone communications\n                                          conducted between ships for the purpose of contributing to the safe movement of ships.\n\n33.52 2) The frequency 156.650\u00a0MHz is used for intership navigation safety communications\n                                          (see also Appendix 15 and note k) in Appendix 18).\n\nSection VII \u2212 Use of other frequencies for safety (WRC-07)\n\n33.53 \u00a7 28\u00a0Radiocommunications for safety purposes concerning ship reporting communications,\n                                          communications relating to the navigation, movements and needs of ships and weather\n                                          observation messages may be conducted on any appropriate communications frequency,\n                                          including those used for public correspondence. In terrestrial systems, the frequency\n                                          bands 415- 535\u00a0kHz (see Article 52), 1\u00a0606.5-4\u00a0000\u00a0kHz (see Article 52), 4\u00a0000-27\u00a0500\u00a0kHz (see Appendix 17) and 156-174\u00a0MHz (see Appendix 18) are used for this function. In the maritime mobile-satellite service, frequencies\n                                          in the frequency bands 1\u00a0530-1\u00a0544\u00a0MHz, 1\u00a0621.35-1\u00a0626.5\u00a0MHz and 1\u00a0626.5- 1\u00a0645.5\u00a0MHz\n                                          are used for this function as well as for distress alerting purposes (see No. 32.2). (WRC-19)\n\n33.54 (SUP \u2013 WRC-07)\n\n33.55 (SUP \u2013 WRC-07)\n\nSection I \u2212 Emergency position-indicating radiobeacon (EPIRB) and satellite EPIRB\n                                          signals\n\n34.1 \u00a7 1\u00a0The emergency position-indicating radiobeacon signal in the band 406-406.1\u00a0MHz\n                                          shall be in accordance with Recommendation ITU-R M.633-4. (WRC-12)\n\nSection II \u2212 Digital selective calling\n\n34.2 \u00a7 2\u00a0The characteristics of the \u201cdistress call\u201d (see No. 32.9) in the digital selective calling system should be in accordance with the most recent\n                                          version of Recommendation ITU-R M.493. (WRC-12)\n\n35.1 \u00a7 1\u00a0With the exception of Articles 36, 37, 39, 42, 43\u00a0and No. 44.2, the other provisions\n                                          of this Chapter may be governed by special arrangements concluded pursuant to Article\n                                          42\u00a0of the Constitution of the International Telecommunication Union (Geneva, 1992),\n                                          or by intergovernmental agreements164 provided their implementation does not cause harmful interference to the radio services\n                                          of other countries.\n\n36.1 \u00a7 1\u00a0The service of a mobile station is placed under the supreme authority of the\n                                          person responsible for the aircraft or other vehicle carrying the mobile station.\n\n36.2 \u00a7 2\u00a0The person holding this authority shall require that each operator comply with\n                                          these Regulations and that the mobile station for which the operator is responsible\n                                          is used, at all times, in accordance with these Regulations.\n\n36.3 \u00a7 3\u00a0Except as otherwise provided for in these Regulations, the person responsible,\n                                          as well as all the persons who may have knowledge of any information whatever obtained\n                                          by means of the radiocommunication service, are placed under the obligation of observing\n                                          and ensuring the secrecy of correspondence.\n\n36.4 \u00a7 4\u00a0The provisions of Nos. 36.1, 36.2 and 36.3 shall also apply to personnel of aircraft earth stations.\n\nSection I \u2212 General provisions\n\n37.1 \u00a7 1\u00a01) The service of every aircraft station and every aircraft earth station shall\n                                          be controlled by an operator holding a certificate issued or recognized by the government\n                                          to which the station is subject. Provided the station is so controlled, other persons\n                                          besides the holder of the certificate may use the radiotelephone equipment.\n\n37.2 2) In order to meet special needs, special agreements between administrations may\n                                          fix the conditions to be fulfilled in order to obtain a radiotelephone operator\u2019s\n                                          certificate intended to be used in aircraft radiotelephone stations and aircraft earth\n                                          stations complying with certain technical conditions and certain operating conditions.\n                                          These agreements, if made, shall be on the condition that harmful interference to\n                                          international services shall not result therefrom. These conditions and agreements\n                                          shall be mentioned in the certificates issued to such operators.\n\n37.3 3) The service of automatic communication devices165 installed in an aircraft station or aircraft earth station shall be controlled by\n                                          an operator holding a certificate issued or recognized by the government to which\n                                          the station is subject. Provided the devices are so controlled, they may be used by\n                                          other persons.\n\n37.4 4) Nevertheless, in the service of aircraft stations and aircraft earth stations\n                                          operating radiotelephony solely on frequencies above 30\u00a0MHz, each government shall\n                                          decide for itself whether a certificate is necessary and, if so, shall define the\n                                          conditions for obtaining it.\n\n37.5 5) The provisions of No. 37.4 shall not, however, apply to any aircraft station or aircraft earth station working\n                                          on frequencies assigned for international use.\n\n37.6 \u00a7 2\u00a01) In the case of complete unavailability of the operator in the course of a\n                                          flight, and solely as a temporary measure, the person responsible for the station\n                                          may authorize an operator holding a certificate issued by the government of another\n                                          Member State to perform the radiocommunication service.\n\n37.7 2) When it is necessary to employ a person without a certificate or an operator not\n                                          holding an adequate certificate as a temporary operator, his performance as such must\n                                          be limited solely to signals of distress, urgency and safety, messages relating thereto,\n                                          messages relating directly to the safety of life and essential messages relating to\n                                          the navigation and safe movement of the aircraft.\n\n37.8 3) In all cases, such temporary operators must be replaced as soon as possible by\n                                          operators holding the certificate prescribed in \u00a7 1\u00a0of this Article.\n\n37.9 \u00a7 3\u00a01) Each administration shall take the necessary steps to prevent, to the maximum\n                                          extent possible, the fraudulent use of certificates. For this purpose, such certificates\n                                          shall bear the holder\u2019s signature and shall be authenticated by the issuing administration.\n                                          Administrations may employ, if they wish, other means of identification such as photographs,\n                                          fingerprints, etc.\n\n37.10 2) To facilitate verification of certificates, these may carry, if necessary, in\n                                          addition to the text in the national language, a translation of this text in a working\n                                          language of the Union.\n\n37.11 \u00a7 4\u00a0Each administration shall take the necessary steps to place operators under the\n                                          obligation to preserve the secrecy of correspondence as provided for in No. 18.4.\n\nSection II \u2212 Classes and categories of certificates\n\n37.12 \u00a7 5\u00a01) There are two categories of radiotelephone operators\u2019 certificates, general\n                                          and restricted.\n\n37.13 2) The holder of a radiotelephone operator\u2019s general certificate may carry out the\n                                          radiotelephone service of any aircraft station or of any aircraft earth station.\n\n37.14 3) The holder of a radiotelephone operator\u2019s restricted certificate may carry out\n                                          the radiotelephone service of any aircraft station or aircraft earth station operating\n                                          on frequencies allocated exclusively to the aeronautical mobile service or the aeronautical\n                                          mobile-satellite service, provided that the operation of the transmitter requires\n                                          only the use of simple external switching devices.\n\nSection III \u2212 Conditions for the issue of operators\u2019 certificates\n\n37.15 A \u2212 General\n\n37.16 \u00a7 6\u00a01) The conditions to be imposed for obtaining the various certificates are contained\n                                          in the following paragraphs and represent the minimum requirements.\n\n37.17 2) Each administration is free to fix the number of examinations necessary to obtain\n                                          each certificate.\n\n37.18 \u00a7 7\u00a01) The administration which issues a certificate may, before authorizing an operator\n                                          to carry out the service on board aircraft, require the fulfilment of other conditions\n                                          (for example: experience with automatic communication devices; further technical and\n                                          professional knowledge relating particularly to navigation; physical fitness; the\n                                          completion as an operator of a certain number of flying hours; etc.).\n\n37.19 2) Administrations should take whatever steps they consider necessary to ensure the\n                                          continued proficiency of operators after prolonged absences from operational duties.\n\n37.20\nB \u2212 Radiotelephone operators\u2019 certificates\n\n37.21 \u00a7 8\u00a0The radiotelephone operator\u2019s general certificate is issued to candidates who\n                                          have given proof of the knowledge and professional qualifications enumerated below\n                                          (see also No. 37.13):\n\n37.22\na) a knowledge of the elementary principles of radiotelephony;\n\n37.23\nb) detailed knowledge of the practical operation and adjustment of radiotelephone apparatus;\n\n37.24\nc) ability to send correctly and to receive correctly by radiotelephone in one of the\n                                          working languages of the Union;\n\n37.25\nd) detailed knowledge of the Regulations applying to radiotelephone communications and\n                                          specifically of that part of those Regulations relating to the safety of life.\n\n37.26 \u00a7 9 1) The radiotelephone operator\u2019s restricted certificate is issued to candidates\n\nwho have given proof of the knowledge and professional qualifications enumerated below:\n\n37.27\na) practical knowledge of radiotelephone operation and procedure;\n\n37.28\nb) ability to send correctly and to receive correctly by radiotelephone in one of the\n                                          working languages of the Union;\n\n37.29\nc) general knowledge of the Regulations applying to radiotelephone communications and\n                                          specifically of that part of those Regulations relating to the safety of life.\n\n37.30 2) For aircraft radiotelephone stations and aircraft earth stations operating on\n                                          frequencies allocated exclusively to the aeronautical mobile service or the aeronautical\n                                          mobile- satellite service, each administration may itself fix the conditions for obtaining\n                                          a radiotelephone operator\u2019s restricted certificate, provided that the operation of\n                                          the transmitter requires only the use of simple external switching devices. The administration\n                                          shall ensure that the operator has an adequate knowledge of radiotelephone operation\n                                          and procedure particularly as far as distress, urgency and safety are concerned. This\n                                          in no way contravenes the provisions of No. 37.2.\n\n37.31 \u00a7 10\u00a0A radiotelephone operator\u2019s certificate shall show whether it is a general certificate\n                                          or a restricted certificate and, in the latter case, if it has been issued in conformity\n                                          with the provisions of No. 37.30.\n\n38.1 Administrations shall ensure that the staff on duty in aeronautical stations and\n                                          in aeronautical earth stations shall be adequately qualified to operate the stations\n                                          efficiently.\n\n39.1 \u00a7 1\u00a01) The inspectors of governments or appropriate administrations of countries\n                                          who visit an aircraft station or aircraft earth station may require the production\n                                          of the licence for examination. The operator of the station, or the person responsible\n                                          for the station, shall facilitate this examination. The licence shall be kept in such\n                                          a way that it can be produced upon request.\n\n39.2 2) The inspectors shall have in their possession an identity card or badge, issued\n                                          by the competent authority, which they shall show on request of the person responsible\n                                          for the aircraft.\n\n39.3 3) When the licence cannot be produced or when manifest irregularities are observed,\n                                          governments or administrations may inspect the radio installations in order to satisfy\n                                          themselves that these conform to the conditions imposed by these Regulations.\n\n39.4 4) In addition, inspectors have the right to require the production of the operators\u201d\n                                          certificates, but proof of professional knowledge may not be demanded.\n\n39.5 \u00a7 2\u00a01) When a government or administration has found it necessary to adopt the course\n                                          indicated in No. 39.3, or when the operator\u2019s certificates cannot be produced, the government or administration\n                                          to which the aircraft station or aircraft earth station is subject shall be so informed\n                                          without delay. In addition, the procedure specified in Section V of Article 15 is followed when necessary.\n\n39.6 2) Before leaving, the inspector shall report the result of his inspection to the\n                                          person responsible for the aircraft. If any breach of the conditions imposed by these\n                                          Regulations is observed, the inspector shall make this report in writing.\n\n39.7 \u00a7 3\u00a0Member States undertake not to impose upon foreign aircraft stations or aircraft\n                                          earth stations which are temporarily within their territorial limits or which make\n                                          a temporary stay in their territory, technical and operating conditions more severe\n                                          than those contemplated in these Regulations. This undertaking in no way affects arrangements\n                                          which are made under international agreements relating to air navigation, and which\n                                          are therefore not covered by these Regulations.\n\n39.8 \u00a7 4\u00a0The frequencies of emissions of aircraft stations shall be checked by the inspection\n                                          service to which these stations are subject.\n\n40.1 \u00a7 1\u00a0Every station of the aeronautical mobile service and the aeronautical mobile-\n                                          satellite service shall have an accurate clock correctly regulated to Coordinated\n                                          Universal Time (UTC).\n\n40.2 \u00a7 2\u00a0The service of an aeronautical station or an aeronautical earth station shall\n                                          be continuous throughout the period during which it bears responsibility for the radiocommunication\n                                          service to aircraft in flight.\n\n40.3 \u00a7 3\u00a0Aircraft stations and aircraft earth stations in flight shall maintain service\n                                          to meet the essential communications needs of the aircraft with respect to safety\n                                          and regularity of flight and shall maintain watch as required by the competent authority\n                                          and shall not cease watch, except for reasons of safety, without informing the aeronautical\n                                          station or aeronautical earth station concerned.\n\n41.1 Stations on board aircraft may communicate, for purposes of distress, and for public\n                                          correspondence166, with stations of the maritime mobile or maritime mobile-satellite services. For\n                                          these purposes, they shall conform to the relevant provisions of Chapter VII and Chapter IX, Articles 51 (Section III), 53, 54, 55, 57 and 58 (see also Nos. 4.19, 4.20 and 43.4). (WRC-07)\n\n42.1 \u00a7 1\u00a0The energy radiated by receiving apparatus shall be reduced to the lowest practical\n                                          value and shall not cause harmful interference to other stations.\n\n42.2 \u00a7 2\u00a0Administrations shall take all practicable steps necessary to ensure that the\n                                          operation of any electrical or electronic apparatus installed in mobile stations and\n                                          mobile earth stations does not cause harmful interference to the essential radio services\n                                          of stations which are operating in accordance with the provisions of these Regulations.\n\n42.3 \u00a7 3\u00a0Mobile stations and mobile earth stations other than survival craft stations\n                                          shall be provided with the documents enumerated in the appropriate section of Appendix\n                                          16 (Section IV, \u201cStations on board aircraft\u201d).\n\n42.4 \u00a7 4\u00a0The operation of a broadcasting service (see No. 1.38) by an aircraft station at sea and over the sea is prohibited (see also No. 23.2).\n\n43.1 \u00a7 1\u00a0Frequencies in any band allocated to the aeronautical mobile (R) service and\n                                          the aeronautical mobile-satellite (R) service are reserved for communications relating\n                                          to safety and regularity of flight between any aircraft and those aeronautical stations\n                                          and aeronautical earth stations primarily concerned with flight along national or\n                                          international civil air routes.\n\n43.2 \u00a7 2\u00a0Frequencies in any band allocated to the aeronautical mobile (OR) service and\n                                          the aeronautical mobile-satellite (OR) service are reserved for communications between\n                                          any aircraft and aeronautical stations and aeronautical earth stations other than\n                                          those primarily concerned with flight along national or international civil air routes.\n\n43.3 \u00a7 3\u00a0Frequencies in the bands allocated to the aeronautical mobile service between\n                                          2\u00a0850\u00a0kHz and 22\u00a0000\u00a0kHz (see Article 5) shall be assigned in conformity with the provisions of Appendices 26 and 27 and the other relevant provisions of these Regulations.\n\n43.4 \u00a7 4\u00a0Administrations shall not permit public correspondence in the frequency bands\n                                          allocated exclusively to the aeronautical mobile service or to the aeronautical mobile-satellite\n                                          service.\n\n43.5 \u00a7 5\u00a0In order to reduce interference, aircraft stations shall, within the means at\n                                          their disposal, endeavour to select for calling the band with the most favourable\n                                          propagational characteristics for effecting reliable communication. In the absence\n                                          of more precise data, an aircraft station shall, before making a call, listen for\n                                          the signals of the station with which it desires to communicate. The strength and\n                                          intelligibility of such signals are useful as a guide to propagational conditions\n                                          and indicate which is the preferable band for calling.\n\n43.6 \u00a7 6\u00a0Governments may, by agreement, decide the frequencies to be used for call and\n                                          reply in the aeronautical mobile service and the aeronautical mobile-satellite service.\n\n44.1 \u00a7 1\u00a0The order of priority for communications167 in the aeronautical mobile service and the aeronautical mobile-satellite service\n                                          shall be as follows, except where impracticable in a fully automated system in which,\n                                          nevertheless, Category 1\u00a0shall receive priority:\n\n1 Distress calls, distress messages and distress traffic.\n\n2 Communications preceded by the urgency signal.\n\n3 Communications relating to radio direction-finding.\n\n4 Flight safety messages.\n\n5 Meteorological messages.\n\n6 Flight regularity messages.\n\n7 Messages relating to the application of the United Nations Charter.\n\n8 Government messages for which priority has been expressly requested.\n\n9 Service communications relating to the working of the telecommunication service or\n                                                to communications previously exchanged.\n\n10 Other aeronautical communications.\n\n44.2 \u00a7 2\u00a0Categories 1\u00a0and 2\u00a0shall receive priority over all other communications irrespective\n                                          of any agreement under the provisions of No. 35.1.\n\n45.1 \u00a7 1\u00a0As a general rule, it rests with the aircraft station to establish communication\n                                          with the aeronautical station. For this purpose, the aircraft station may call the\n                                          aeronautical station only when it comes within the designated operational coverage168 area of the latter.\n\n45.2 \u00a7 2\u00a0An aeronautical station having traffic for an aircraft station may call this\n                                          station if it has reason to believe that the aircraft station is keeping watch and\n                                          is within the designated operational coverage area (see No. 45.1.1) of the aeronautical station.\n\n45.3 \u00a7 3\u00a0When an aeronautical station receives calls in close succession from several\n                                          aircraft stations, it decides on the order in which these stations may transmit their\n                                          traffic. Its decision shall be based on the priority in Article 44.\n\n45.4 \u00a7 4\u00a0If an aeronautical station finds it necessary to intervene in communications\n                                          between aircraft stations, these stations shall comply with the instructions given\n                                          by the aeronautical station.\n\n45.5 \u00a7 5\u00a0Before transmitting, a station shall take precautions to ensure that it will\n                                          not interfere with a communication already in progress and that the station called\n                                          is not in communication with another station.\n\n45.6 \u00a7 6\u00a0When a radiotelephone call has been made to an aeronautical station, but no answer\n                                          has been received, a period of at least ten seconds should elapse before a subsequent\n                                          call is made to that station.\n\n45.7 \u00a7 7\u00a0Aircraft stations shall not radiate carrier waves between calls.\n\n46.1 \u00a7 1\u00a0The service of a ship station is placed under the supreme authority of the master\n                                          or of the person responsible for the ship or other vessel carrying the station.\n\n46.2 \u00a7 2\u00a0The person holding this authority shall require that each operator comply with\n                                          these Regulations and that the ship station for which the operator is responsible\n                                          is used, at all times, in accordance with these Regulations.\n\n46.3 \u00a7 3\u00a0The master or the person responsible, as well as all persons who may have knowledge\n                                          of the text or even of the existence of a radiotelegram, or of any information whatever\n                                          obtained by means of the radiocommunication service, are placed under the obligation\n                                          of observing and ensuring the secrecy of correspondence.\n\n46.4 \u00a7 4\u00a0The provisions of Nos. 46.1, 46.2 and 46.3 shall also apply to personnel of ship earth stations.\n\nSection I \u2212 General provisions\n\n47.1 (SUP \u2013 WRC-03)\n\n47.2 \u00a7 1\u00a01) The service of every ship radiotelephone station, ship earth station and ship\n                                          station using the frequencies and techniques for GMDSS, as prescribed in Chapter VII, shall be controlled by an operator holding a certificate issued or recognized by\n                                          the government to which the station is subject. Provided the station is so controlled,\n                                          other persons besides the holder of the certificate may use the equipment. (WRC-07)\n\n47.3 (SUP \u2013 WRC-03)\n\n47.4 2) Nevertheless, in the service of radiotelephone stations operating solely on frequencies\n                                          above 30\u00a0MHz, each government shall decide for itself whether a certificate is necessary\n                                          and, if so, shall define the conditions for obtaining it.\n\n47.5 3) The provisions of No. 47.4 shall not, however, apply to any ship station working on frequencies assigned for\n                                          international use.\n\n47.6 (SUP \u2013 WRC-07)\n\n47.7 (SUP \u2013 WRC-07)\n\n47.8 (SUP \u2013 WRC-07)\n\n47.9 \u00a7 3\u00a01) Each administration shall take the necessary steps to prevent, to the maximum\n                                          extent possible, the fraudulent use of certificates. For this purpose, such certificates\n                                          shall bear the holder\u2019s signature and shall be authenticated by the issuing administration.\n                                          Administrations may employ, if they wish, other means of identification such as photographs,\n                                          fingerprints, etc.\n\n47.10 2) In the maritime mobile service the certificates issued after 1\u00a0January 1978\u00a0shall\n                                          bear the photograph of the holder and the holder\u2019s date of birth.\n\n47.11 3) To facilitate verification of certificates, these may carry, if necessary, in\n                                          addition to the text in the national language, a translation of this text in a working\n                                          language of the Union.\n\n47.12 4) In the maritime mobile service all certificates not in one of the working languages\n                                          of the Union and issued after 1\u00a0January 1978\u00a0shall carry at least the following information\n                                          in one of these working languages:\n\n47.13\na) the name and date of birth of the holder;\n\n47.14\nb) the title of the certificate and its date of issue;\n\n47.15\nc) if applicable, the number and period of validity of the certificate;\n\n47.16\nd) the issuing administration.\n\n47.17 \u00a7 4\u00a0Each administration shall take the necessary steps to place operators under the\n                                          obligation to preserve the secrecy of correspondence as provided for in No. 18.4.\n\n47.18 (SUP \u2013 WRC-12)\n\n47.18A (SUP \u2013 WRC-12)\n\nSection II \u2212 Categories of operator\u2019s certificates\n\nA \u2212 GMDSS (SOLAS Convention) certificates (WRC-12)\n\n47.19 \u00a7 6\u00a01) There are four categories of certificates, shown in descending order of requirements,\n                                          for personnel of ship stations and ship earth stations using the frequencies and techniques\n                                          prescribed in Chapter VII. An operator meeting the requirements of a certificate automatically meets all of\n                                          the requirements of lower order certificates. (WRC-12)\n\n47.20\na) First-class radio electronic certificate.\n\n47.21\nb) Second-class radio electronic certificate.\n\n47.22\nc) General operator\u2019s certificate.\n\n47.23\nd) Restricted operator\u2019s certificate.\n\n47.23A (SUP \u2013 WRC-12)\n\n47.23B (SUP \u2013 WRC-12)\n\n47.24 2) The holder of one of the certificates specified in Nos. 47.20 to 47.23 may carry out the service of ship stations or ship earth stations using the frequencies\n                                          and techniques prescribed in Chapter VII.\n\nB \u2212 GMDSS (non-SOLAS Convention) certificates (WRC-12)\n\n47.24A There are two categories of certificates, shown in descending order of requirements.\n                                          An operator meeting the requirements of a certificate automatically meets all of the\n                                          requirements of the lower order certificate. (WRC-12)\n\n47.24B\n a) Long-range certificate (WRC-12)\n\n47.24C\n b) Short-range certificate (WRC-12)\n\nC \u2013 Other maritime radio operator certificates (WRC-12)\n\n47.25 \u00a7 7\u00a01) There are six categories of certificates. Maritime radio operator certificates\n                                          of the categories listed in Nos. 47.26A to 47.26F may continue to be used for the purposes they were issued for. (WRC-12)\n\n47.26 \u00a7 8\u00a0The following maritime radio operator\u2019s certificates are still valid: (WRC-12)\n\n47.26A\na) Radiocommunication operator\u2019s general certificate. (WRC-12)\n\n47.26B\nb) First-class radio telegraph operator\u2019s certificate. (WRC-12)\n\n47.26C\nc) Second-class radio telegraph operator\u2019s certificate. (WRC-12)\n\n47.26D\nd) Radiotelegraph operator\u2019s special certificate. (WRC-12)\n\n47.26E\ne) Radiotelephone operator\u2019s general certificate. (WRC-12)\n\n47.26F\nf) Restricted radiotelephone operator\u2019s certificate. (WRC-12)\n\nSection III \u2212 Conditions for the issuing of certificates\n\n47.27 \u00a7 9 1) The requirements for the certificates listed in Nos. 47.20 to 47.23, for which candidates must show proof of technical and professional knowledge and\n                                          qualification, are shown in Table 47-1. (WRC-12)\n\n47.27A 2) The conditions for the issuing of long-range and short-range certificates listed\n                                          in Nos. 47.24B and 47.24C are contained in Resolution 343\u00a0(Rev.WRC-12). (WRC-12)\n\n47.27B 3) Each administration may determine the conditions, in addition to those identified\n                                          in No. 47.27, under which GMDSS (SOLAS Convention) certificates specified in Nos. 47.20 to 47.23 may be granted. (WRC-12)\n\n47.27C \u00a7 10\u00a0Each administration may determine the conditions, in addition to those identified\n                                          in No. 47.27A, under which GMDSS (non-SOLAS Convention) certificates specified in Nos. 47.24B to 47.24C may be granted. (WRC-12)\n\n47.27D Each administration may determine the conditions under which other maritime radio\n                                          operator certificates specified in Nos. 47.26A to 47.26F may be granted. (WRC-12)\n\n47.28 (SUP \u2013 WRC-07)\n\n47.29 (SUP \u2013 WRC-07)\n\nThe relevant certificate is issued to a candidate who has given proof of the technical\n                                                            and professional knowledge and qualifications enumerated below, as indicated by an\n                                                            asterisk in the appropriate box\n\n1st-class radio electronic certificate\n\n2nd-class radio electronic certificate\n\nGeneral operator\u2019s certificate\n\nRestricted operator\u2019s certificate\n\nKnowledge of the principles of electricity and the theory of radio and of electronics\n                                                         sufficient to meet the requirements specified below:\n\n*\n\n*\n\nTheoretical knowledge of GMDSS radiocommuni- cation equipment, including narrow-band\n                                                         direct- printing telegraph and radiotelephone transmitters and receivers, digital\n                                                         selective calling equipment, ship earth stations, emergency position-indicating radiobeacons,\n                                                         marine antenna systems, radio equipment for survival craft together with all auxiliary\n                                                         items, including power supplies, as well as general knowledge of the principles of\n                                                         other equipment generally used for radionavigation, with particular reference to maintaining\n                                                         equipment in service.\n\n*\n\nGeneral theoretical knowledge of GMDSS radiocommunication equipment, including narrow-\n                                                         band direct-printing telegraph and radiotelephone transmitters and receivers, digital\n                                                         selective calling equipment, ship earth stations, emergency position- indicating radiobeacons,\n                                                         marine antenna systems, radio equipment for survival craft together with all auxiliary\n                                                         items, including power supplies, as well as general knowledge of the principles of\n                                                         other equipment generally used for radionavigation, with particular reference to maintaining\n                                                         equipment in service.\n\n*\n\nPractical knowledge of the operation and knowledge of the preventive maintenance of\n                                                         the equipment indicated above.\n\n*\n\n*\n\nPractical knowledge necessary for the location and repair (using appropriate testing\n                                                         equipment and tools) of faults in the equipment mentioned above which may occur during\n                                                         a voyage.\n\n*\n\nPractical knowledge necessary for effecting repairs in the case of faults in the equipment\n                                                         indicated above, using the means available on board and, if necessary, replacing modular\n                                                         units.\n\n*\n\nDetailed practical knowledge of the operation of all the GMDSS sub-systems and equipment.\n\nAbility to send and to receive correctly by radiotelephone and direct-printing telegraphy.\n\n*\n\n*\n\n*\n\nPractical knowledge of the operation of all the GMDSS sub-systems and equipment which\n                                                         is required while the ship is within the range of VHF coast stations (see NOTE 1).\n\n*\n\nAbility to send and to receive correctly by radiotelephone and direct-printing telegraphy.\n\n*\n\n*\n\n*\n\nAbility to send and to receive correctly by radiotelephone.\n\n*\n\nDetailed knowledge of the regulations applying to radiocommunications, knowledge of\n                                                         the documents relating to charges for radiocommuni- cations and knowledge of those\n                                                         provisions of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS),\n                                                         1974, as amended which relate to radio.\n\n*\n\n*\n\n*\n\nKnowledge of the regulations applying to radiotelephone communications and specifically\n                                                         of that part of those regulations relating to the safety of life.\n\n*\n\nSufficient knowledge of one of the working languages of the Union. Candidates should\n                                                         be able to express themselves satisfactorily in that language, both orally and in\n                                                         writing.\n\n*\n\n*\n\n*\n\nAn elementary knowledge of one of the working languages of the Union. Candidates should\n                                                         be able to express themselves satisfactorily in that language, both orally and in\n                                                         writing. Administrations may waive the above language requirements for holders of\n                                                         a restricted operator\u2019s certificate when the ship station is confined to a limited\n                                                         area specified by the administration concerned. In such cases the certificate shall\n                                                         be suitably endorsed.\n\n*\n\nNOTE 1\u00a0\u2212 A restricted operator\u2019s certificate covers only the operation of GMDSS equipment\n                                          required for GMDSS sea areas A1, and does not cover the operation of GMDSS A2/A3/A4\u00a0equipment\n                                          fitted on a ship over and above the basic A1\u00a0requirements, even if the ship is in\n                                          a sea area A1. GMDSS sea areas A1, A2, A3\u00a0and A4\u00a0are identified in the International\n                                          Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, (SOLAS), 1974, as amended.\n\nNOTE 2\u00a0\u2212 (SUP \u2013 WRC-12)\n\nSection I \u2212 Personnel of coast stations and coast earth stations\n\n48.1 \u00a7 1\u00a0Administrations shall ensure that the staff on duty in coast stations and in\n                                          coast earth stations are adequately qualified to operate the stations efficiently.\n\nSection II \u2212 Class and minimum number of personnel for ship stations and ship earth\n                                          stations\n\n48.2 \u00a7 2\u00a0Administrations shall ensure that the personnel of ship stations and ship earth\n                                          stations are adequately qualified to enable efficient operation of the station, and\n                                          shall take steps to ensure the operational availability and maintenance of equipment\n                                          for distress and safety communications in accordance with the relevant international\n                                          agreements.\n\n48.3 \u00a7 3\u00a0An adequately qualified person shall be available to act as a dedicated communications\n                                          operator in cases of distress.\n\n48.4 \u00a7 4\u00a0The personnel of ship stations and ship earth stations for which a radio installation\n                                          is compulsory under international agreements and which use the frequencies and techniques\n                                          prescribed in Chapter VII shall, with respect to the provisions of Article 47, include:\n\n48.5\na) for stations on board ships which sail beyond the range of VHF coast stations, taking\n                                          into account the provisions of the International Convention for the Safety of Life\n                                          at Sea (SOLAS), 1974, as amended: a holder of a first- or second-class radio electronic\n                                          certificate or a general operator\u2019s certificate;\n\n48.6\nb) for stations on board ships which sail solely within the range of VHF coast stations,\n                                          taking into account the provisions of the International Convention for the Safety\n                                          of Life at Sea (SOLAS), 1974, as amended: a holder of a first- or second-class radio\n                                          electronic certificate or a general operator\u2019s certificate or a restricted operator\u2019s\n                                          certificate.\n\n48.7 \u00a7 5\u00a0The personnel of ship stations and ship earth stations for which a radio installation\n                                          is not compulsory either under international agreements or national regulations and\n                                          which use the frequencies and techniques prescribed in Chapter VII shall be adequately qualified and certificated in accordance with the administration\u2019s\n                                          requirements. Guidance concerning appropriate qualifications and certification is\n                                          provided in Resolution 343\u00a0(WRC-97)169. That Resolution describes two appropriate certificates for use by personnel of ship\n                                          stations and ship earth stations for which a radio installation is not compulsory.\n\n49.1 \u00a7 1\u00a01) The governments or appropriate administrations of countries which a ship station\n                                          or ship earth station visits may require the production of the licence for examination.\n                                          The operator of the station, or the person responsible for the station, shall facilitate\n                                          this examination. The licence shall be kept in such a way that it can be produced\n                                          upon request. As far as possible, the licence, or a copy certified by the authority\n                                          which has issued it, should be permanently exhibited in the station.\n\n49.2 2) The inspectors shall have in their possession an identity card or badge, issued\n                                          by the competent authority, which they shall show on request of the master or person\n                                          responsible for the ship or other vessel carrying the ship station or the ship earth\n                                          station.\n\n49.3 3) When the licence cannot be produced or when manifest irregularities are observed,\n                                          governments or administrations may inspect the radio installations in order to satisfy\n                                          themselves that these conform to the conditions imposed by these Regulations.\n\n49.4 4) In addition, inspectors have the right to require the production of the operators\u2019\n                                          certificates, but proof of professional knowledge may not be demanded.\n\n49.5 \u00a7 2\u00a01) When a government or an administration has found it necessary to adopt the\n                                          course indicated in No. 49.3, or when the operators\u2019 certificates cannot be produced, the government or administration\n                                          to which the ship station or ship earth station is subject shall be so informed without\n                                          delay. In addition, the procedure specified in Article 15 is followed when necessary.\n\n49.6 2) Before leaving, the inspector shall report the result of his inspection to the\n                                          master, or the person responsible for the ship or other vessel carrying the ship station\n                                          or ship earth station. If any breach of the conditions imposed by these Regulations\n                                          is observed, the inspector shall make this report in writing.\n\n49.7 \u00a7 3\u00a0Member States undertake not to impose upon foreign ship stations or upon foreign\n                                          ship earth stations, which are temporarily within their territorial waters or which\n                                          make a temporary stay in their territory, technical and operating conditions more\n                                          severe than those contemplated in these Regulations. This undertaking in no way affects\n                                          arrangements which are made under international agreements relating to maritime navigation,\n                                          and which are therefore not covered by these Regulations.\n\n49.8 \u00a7 4\u00a0The frequencies of emissions of ship stations shall be checked by the inspection\n                                          service to which these stations are subject.\n\n50.1 \u00a7 1\u00a0In order to permit the application of the following rules on the subject of hours\n                                          of watch, every station of the maritime mobile service and the maritime mobile-satellite\n                                          service shall have an accurate clock correctly regulated to Coordinated Universal\n                                          Time (UTC).\n\n50.2 \u00a7 2\u00a0Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), reckoned from 0000\u00a0to 2359 h beginning at midnight,\n                                          shall be used for all entries in the radiocommunication service log and in all similar\n                                          documents of ships compulsorily equipped with radiocommunication apparatus in compliance\n                                          with an international agreement; this same provision will apply, as far as possible,\n                                          to other ships.\n\n50.3 \u00a7 3\u00a01) The services of coast stations and coast earth stations are, as far as possible,\n                                          continuous (day and night). Certain coast stations, however, may have a service of\n                                          limited duration. Each administration or recognized private operating agency duly\n                                          authorized to that effect fixes the hours of service for coast stations under its\n                                          jurisdiction.\n\n50.4 2) These hours of service shall be notified to the Radiocommunication Bureau, who\n                                          shall publish them in the List of Coast Stations and Special Service Stations (List\n                                          IV). (WRC-07)\n\n50.5 \u00a7 4\u00a0Coast stations whose service is not continuous shall not close before finishing\n                                          all operations resulting from a distress call or from an urgency or safety signal.\n                                          (WRC-07)\n\n50.6 (SUP \u2013 WRC-07)\n\n50.7 (SUP \u2013 WRC-07)\n\n50.8 (SUP \u2013 WRC-07)\n\n50.9 (SUP \u2013 WRC-07)\n\nSection I \u2212 Maritime mobile service\n\n51.1\nA \u2212 General\n\n51.2 \u00a7 1\u00a0The energy radiated by receiving apparatus shall be reduced to the lowest practical\n                                          value and shall not cause harmful interference to other stations.\n\n51.3 \u00a7 2\u00a0Administrations shall take all practicable steps necessary to ensure that the\n                                          operation of any electrical or electronic apparatus installed in ship stations does\n                                          not cause harmful interference to the essential radio services of stations which are\n                                          operating in accordance with the provisions of these Regulations.\n\n51.4 \u00a7 3\u00a01) Changes of frequency in the sending and receiving apparatus of any ship station\n                                          shall be capable of being made as rapidly as possible.\n\n51.5 2) Installations of any ship station shall be capable, once communication is established,\n                                          of changing from transmission to reception and vice versa in as short a time as possible.\n\n51.5A 3) The operation of a broadcasting service (see No. 1.38) by a ship station at sea is prohibited (see also No. 23.2).\n\n51.6 \u00a7 4\u00a0Ship stations and ship earth stations other than survival craft stations shall\n                                          be provided with the documents enumerated in the appropriate section of Appendix 16.\n\n51.7 \u00a7 5\u00a0When any ship station transmitter itself cannot be controlled in such a way that\n                                          its frequency satisfies the tolerance specified in Appendix 2, the ship station shall be provided with a device, having a precision equal to at\n                                          least one-half of this tolerance, for measuring the frequency of the emission.\n\n51.8 to 51.23 (SUP \u2013 WRC-07)\n\n51.24\nC \u2212 Ship stations using digital selective calling\n\n51.25 \u00a7 12\u00a0The characteristics of the digital selective calling equipment should be in\n                                          accordance with the most recent version of Recommendation ITU-R M.493. (WRC-12)\n\n51.26 C1\u00a0\u2212 Bands between 415\u00a0kHz and 535\u00a0kHz\n\n51.27 \u00a7 13\u00a0All ship stations equipped with apparatus for digital selective calling to work\n                                          in the authorized bands between 415\u00a0kHz and 535\u00a0kHz shall be able to send and receive\n                                          class F1B or J2B emissions on at least two digital selective calling channels necessary\n                                          for their service.\n\n51.28 C2\u00a0\u2212 Bands between 1\u00a0606.5\u00a0kHz and 4\u00a0000\u00a0kHz (WRC-03)\n\n51.29 \u00a7 14\u00a0All ship stations equipped with digital selective calling apparatus to work\n                                          in the authorized bands between 1\u00a0606.5\u00a0kHz and 4\u00a0000\u00a0kHz shall be able to: (WRC-03)\n\n51.30\na) send and receive class F1B or J2B emissions on the frequency 2\u00a0187.5\u00a0kHz;\n\n51.31\nb) in addition, send and receive class F1B or J2B emissions on other digital selective\n                                          calling frequencies in this band necessary to carry out their service.\n\n51.32 C3\u00a0\u2212 Bands between 4\u00a0000\u00a0kHz and 27\u00a0500\u00a0kHz\n\n51.33 \u00a7 15\u00a0All ship stations equipped with digital selective calling apparatus to work\n                                          in the authorized bands between 4\u00a0000\u00a0kHz and 27\u00a0500\u00a0kHz shall be able to:\n\n51.34\na) send and receive class F1B or J2B emissions on the frequencies designated for digital\n                                          selective distress calling in each of the maritime HF bands in which they are operating\n                                          (see also No. 32.9);\n\n51.35\nb) send and receive class F1B or J2B emissions on an international calling channel (specified\n                                          in Recommendation ITU-R M.541-10) in each of the HF maritime mobile bands necessary\n                                          for their service; (WRC-15)\n\n51.36\nc) send and receive class F1B or J2B emissions on other digital selective calling channels\n                                          in each of the HF maritime mobile bands necessary for their service.\n\n51.37 C4\u00a0\u2212 Bands between 156\u00a0MHz and 174\u00a0MHz\n\n51.38 \u00a7 16\u00a0All ship stations equipped with apparatus for digital selective calling to work\n                                          in the authorized bands between 156\u00a0MHz and 174\u00a0MHz shall be able to send and receive\n                                          class G2B emissions on the frequency 156.525\u00a0MHz.\n\n51.39\nCA \u2212 Ship stations using narrow-band direct-printing telegraphy\n\n51.40 \u00a7 17\u00a01) All ship stations using narrow-band direct-printing telegraphy equipment\n                                          shall be able to send and receive on the frequency designated for distress traffic\n                                          by narrow-band direct-printing telegraphy in the frequency bands in which they are\n                                          operating.\n\n51.41 2) The characteristics of the narrow-band direct-printing equipment shall be in accordance\n                                          with Recommendations ITU-R M.476-5\u00a0and ITU-R M.625-4. The characteristics should also\n                                          be in accordance with the most recent version of Recommendation ITU-R M.627. (WRC-15)\n\n51.42 CA1\u00a0\u2212 Bands between 415\u00a0kHz and 535\u00a0kHz\n\n51.43 \u00a7 18\u00a0All ship stations equipped with narrow-band direct-printing telegraphy apparatus\n                                          to work in the authorized bands between 415\u00a0kHz and 535\u00a0kHz shall be able to:\n\n51.44\na) send and receive class F1B or J2B emissions on the working frequencies necessary\n                                          to carry out their service;\n\n51.45\nb) receive class F1B emissions on 518\u00a0kHz, if complying with the provisions of Chapter\n                                          VII.\n\n51.46 CA2\u00a0\u2212 Bands between 1\u00a0606.5\u00a0kHz and 4\u00a0000\u00a0kHz (WRC-03)\n\n51.47 \u00a7 19 All ship stations equipped with narrow-band direct-printing telegraphy apparatus\n                                          to work in the authorized bands between 1\u00a0606.5\u00a0kHz and 4\u00a0000\u00a0kHz shall be able to\n                                          send and receive class F1B or J2B emissions on working frequencies necessary to carry\n                                          out their service. (WRC-03)\n\n51.48 CA3\u00a0\u2212 Bands between 4\u00a0000\u00a0kHz and 27\u00a0500\u00a0kHz\n\n51.49 \u00a7 20\u00a0All ship stations equipped with narrow-band direct-printing telegraphy apparatus\n                                          to work in the authorized bands between 4\u00a0000\u00a0kHz and 27\u00a0500\u00a0kHz shall be able to\n                                          send and receive class F1B or J2B emissions on working frequencies in each of the\n                                          HF maritime mobile bands necessary to carry out their service.\n\n51.50\nD \u2212 Ship stations using radiotelephony\n\n51.51 D1\u00a0\u2212 Bands between 1\u00a0606.5\u00a0kHz and 4\u00a0000\u00a0kHz (WRC-03)\n\n51.52 \u00a7 21\u00a0All ship stations equipped with radiotelephony apparatus to work in the authorized\n                                          bands between 1\u00a0606.5\u00a0kHz and 2\u00a0850\u00a0kHz shall be able to: (WRC-03)\n\n51.53\na) send class J3E emissions on a carrier frequency of 2\u00a0182\u00a0kHz and receive class J3E\n                                          emissions on a carrier frequency of 2\u00a0182\u00a0kHz, except for such apparatus as is referred\n                                          to in No. 51.56; (WRC-07)\n\n51.54\nb) send, in addition, J3E emissions on at least two working frequencies170;\n\n51.55\nc) receive, in addition, J3E emissions on all other frequencies necessary for their\n                                          service.\n\n51.56 \u00a7 22\u00a0The provisions of Nos. 51.54 and 51.55 do not apply to apparatus provided solely for distress, urgency and safety purposes.\n\n51.57 D2\u00a0\u2212 Bands between 4\u00a0000\u00a0kHz and 27\u00a0500\u00a0kHz\n\n51.58 \u00a7 23\u00a0All ship stations equipped with radiotelephony to work in the authorized bands\n                                          between 4\u00a0000\u00a0kHz and 27\u00a0500\u00a0kHz and which do not comply with the provisions of Chapter\n                                          VII should be able to send and receive on the carrier frequencies 4\u00a0125\u00a0kHz and 6\u00a0215\u00a0kHz.\n                                          However, all ship stations which comply with the provisions of Chapter VII shall be able to send and receive on the carrier frequencies designated in Article\n                                          31 for distress and safety traffic by radiotelephony for the frequency bands in which\n                                          they are operating. (WRC-07)\n\n51.59 D3\u00a0\u2212 Bands between 156\u00a0MHz and 174\u00a0MHz\n\n51.60 \u00a7 24\u00a0All ship stations equipped with radiotelephony to work in the authorized bands\n                                          between 156\u00a0MHz and 174\u00a0MHz (see No. 5.226 and Appendix 18) shall be able to send and receive class G3E emissions on:\n\n51.61\na) the distress, safety and calling frequency 156.8\u00a0MHz;\n\n51.62\nb) the primary intership frequency 156.3\u00a0MHz;\n\n51.63\nc) the intership navigation safety frequency 156.65\u00a0MHz;\n\n51.64\nd) all the frequencies necessary for their service.\n\nSection II \u2212 Maritime mobile-satellite service\n\n51.65 \u00a7 25\u00a0The energy radiated by receiving apparatus shall be reduced to the lowest practical\n                                          value and shall not cause harmful interference to other stations.\n\n51.66 \u00a7 26\u00a0Administrations shall take all practicable steps necessary to ensure that the\n                                          operation of any electrical or electronic apparatus installed in ship earth stations\n                                          does not cause harmful interference to the essential radio services of stations which\n                                          are operating in accordance with the provisions of these Regulations.\n\nSection III \u2212 Stations on board aircraft communicating with stations of the maritime\n                                          mobile service and the maritime mobile-satellite service\n\n51.67\nA \u2212 General provisions\n\n51.68 \u00a7 27\u00a01) Stations on board aircraft may communicate with stations of the maritime\n                                          mobile or maritime mobile-satellite services. They shall conform to those provisions\n                                          of these Regulations which relate to these services.\n\n51.69 2) For this purpose stations on board aircraft should use the frequencies allocated\n                                          to the maritime mobile or maritime mobile-satellite services.\n\n51.70 3) Stations on board aircraft, when handling public correspondence with stations\n                                          of the maritime mobile service or of the maritime mobile-satellite service, shall\n                                          comply with all the provisions applicable to the handling of public correspondence\n                                          in the maritime mobile or maritime mobile-satellite services (see particularly Articles\n                                          53, 54, 55, 57 and 58).\n\n51.71 \u00a7 28\u00a0In the case of communication between stations on board aircraft and stations\n                                          of the maritime mobile service, radiotelephone calling may be renewed as specified\n                                          in the most recent version of Recommendation ITU-R M.1171\u00a0and radiotelegraph calling\n                                          may be renewed after an interval of five minutes, notwithstanding the procedure contained\n                                          in the most recent version of Recommendation ITU-R M.1170. (WRC-07)\n\n51.72\nB \u2212 Provisions relating to the use of frequencies between 156\u00a0MHz and 174\u00a0MHz\n\n51.73 \u00a7 29 1) Having regard to interference which may be caused by aircraft stations at\n                                          high altitudes, frequencies in the maritime mobile bands above 30\u00a0MHz shall not be\n                                          used by aircraft stations, with the exception of those frequencies between 156\u00a0MHz\n                                          and 174\u00a0MHz specified in Appendix 18 which may be used provided that the following conditions are observed:\n\n51.74\na) the altitude of aircraft stations shall not exceed 300\u00a0m (1\u00a0000\u00a0feet), except for\n                                          reconnaissance aircraft participating in ice-breaking operations, where an altitude\n                                          of 450\u00a0m (1\u00a0500\u00a0feet) is allowed;\n\n51.75\nb) the mean power of aircraft station transmitters shall not exceed 5\u00a0W; however, a\n                                          power of 1\u00a0W or less shall be used to the maximum extent possible;\n\n51.76\nc) aircraft stations shall use the channels designated for this purpose in Appendix\n                                          18;\n\n51.77\nd) except as provided in No. 51.75, aircraft station transmitters shall comply with the technical characteristics given\n                                          in Recommendation ITU-R M.489-2;\n\n51.78\ne) the communications of an aircraft station shall be brief and limited to operations\n                                          in which stations of the maritime mobile service are primarily involved and where\n                                          direct communication between the aircraft and the ship or coast station is required.\n\n51.79 2) The frequency 156.3\u00a0MHz may be used by stations on board aircraft for safety purposes.\n                                          It may also be used for communication between ship stations and stations on board\n                                          aircraft engaged in coordinated search and rescue operations (see Appendix 15). (WRC-07)\n\n51.80 3) The frequency 156.8\u00a0MHz may be used by stations on board aircraft for safety purposes\n                                          only (see Appendix 15). (WRC-07)\n\nSection I \u2212 General provisions\n\n52.1\nA \u2212 Single-sideband radiotelegraph transmissions\n\n52.2 \u00a7 1\u00a01) Where these provisions specify A1A emission, class A1B or J2A emissions shall\n                                          be considered equivalent.\n\n52.3 2) Where these provisions specify class F1B emission, class J2B and J2D emissions\n                                          shall be considered equivalent. However, class J2D emission shall not be used with\n                                          the HF distress and safety frequencies listed in Appendix 15.\n\n52.4\nB \u2212 Bands between 415\u00a0kHz and 535\u00a0kHz\n\n52.5 (SUP \u2013 WRC-07)\n\n52.6 \u00a7 3\u00a01) In the maritime mobile service, no assignments shall be made on the frequency\n                                          518\u00a0kHz other than for transmission by coast stations of meteorological and navigational\n                                          warnings and urgent information to ships by means of automatic narrow-band direct-printing\n                                          telegraphy (International NAVTEX System).\n\n52.7 2) In the maritime mobile service, the frequency 490\u00a0kHz is used exclusively for\n                                          the transmission by coast stations of meteorological and navigational warnings and\n                                          urgent information to ships by means of narrow-band direct-printing telegraphy. (WRC-03)\n\n52.8\nC \u2212 Bands between 1\u00a0606.5\u00a0kHz and 4\u00a0000\u00a0kHz (WRC-03)\n\n52.9 \u00a7 4\u00a01) In Region 1, frequencies assigned to stations operating in the bands between\n                                          1\u00a0850\u00a0kHz and 3\u00a0800\u00a0kHz (see Article 5) should, whenever possible, be in accordance with the following subdivision:\n\n\u2013 1\u00a0850-1\u00a0950\u00a0kHz: Coast stations, single-sideband radiotelephony.\n\n\u2013 1\u00a0950-2\u00a0045\u00a0kHz: Ship stations, single-sideband radiotelephony.\n\n\u2013 2\u00a0194-2\u00a0262.5\u00a0kHz: Ship stations, single-sideband radiotelephony.\n\n\u2013 2\u00a0262.5-2\u00a0498\u00a0kHz: Intership, single-sideband radiotelephony.\n\n\u2013 2\u00a0502-2\u00a0578\u00a0kHz: Ship stations, narrow-band direct-printing telegraphy.\n\n\u2013 2\u00a0578-2\u00a0850\u00a0kHz: Coast stations, narrow-band direct-printing telegraphy and single-sideband\n                                                radiotelephony.\n\n\u2013 3\u00a0155-3\u00a0200\u00a0kHz: Ship stations, narrow-band direct-printing telegraphy.\n\n\u2013 3\u00a0200-3\u00a0340\u00a0kHz: Ship stations, single-sideband radiotelephony.\n\n\u2013 3\u00a0340-3\u00a0400\u00a0kHz: Intership, single-sideband radiotelephony.\n\n\u2013 3\u00a0500-3\u00a0600\u00a0kHz: Intership, single-sideband radiotelephony.\n\n\u2013 3\u00a0600-3\u00a0800\u00a0kHz: Coast stations, single-sideband radiotelephony.\n\n52.10 2) In Region 1, frequencies assigned to stations operating in the bands listed below\n                                          shall be in accordance with the following subdivision:\n\n\u2013 1\u00a0606.5-1\u00a0625\u00a0kHz: Coast stations, narrow-band direct-printing telegraphy, digital\n                                                selective calling.\n\n\u2013 1\u00a0635-1\u00a0800\u00a0kHz: Coast stations, single-sideband radiotelephony.\n\n\u2013 2\u00a0045-2\u00a0141.5\u00a0kHz: Ship stations, single-sideband radiotelephony.\n\n\u2013 2\u00a0141.5-2\u00a0160\u00a0kHz: Ship stations, narrow-band direct-printing telegraphy, digital\n                                                selective calling.\n\n52.11 \u00a7 5\u00a0In Regions 2\u00a0and 3, the carrier frequencies 2\u00a0635\u00a0kHz (assigned frequency 2\u00a0636.4\u00a0kHz)\n                                          and 2\u00a0638\u00a0kHz (assigned frequency 2\u00a0639.4\u00a0kHz) are used as single-sideband intership\n                                          radiotelephony working frequencies in addition to the frequencies prescribed for common\n                                          use in certain services. The carrier frequencies 2\u00a0635\u00a0kHz and 2\u00a0638\u00a0kHz should be\n                                          used with class J3E emissions only. In Region 3\u00a0these frequencies are protected by\n                                          a guardband between 2\u00a0634\u00a0kHz and 2\u00a0642\u00a0kHz.\n\n52.12 D \u2212 Bands between 4\u00a0000\u00a0kHz and 27\u00a0500\u00a0kHz\n\n52.13 \u00a7 6\u00a0Bands exclusively allocated to the maritime mobile service between 4\u00a0000\u00a0kHz\n                                          and 27\u00a0500\u00a0kHz (see Article 5) are subdivided into categories and sub-bands as indicated in Appendix 17.\n\n52.14 E \u2212 Bands between 156\u00a0MHz and 174\u00a0MHz\n\n52.15 \u00a7 7\u00a0The ship movement service should be operated only on frequencies allocated to\n                                          the maritime mobile service in the band 156-174\u00a0MHz.\n\nSection II \u2212 (Number not used)\n\n52.16 to 52.93 (SUP \u2013 WRC-07)\n\nSection III \u2212 Use of frequencies for narrow-band direct-printing telegraphy\n\n52.94\nA \u2212 General\n\n52.95 \u00a7 44\u00a0Frequencies assigned to coast stations for narrow-band direct-printing telegraphy\n                                          shall be indicated in the List of Coast Stations and Special Service Stations (List\n                                          IV). This List shall also indicate any other useful information concerning the service\n                                          performed by each coast station. (WRC-07)\n\n52.96\nB \u2212 Bands between 415\u00a0kHz and 535\u00a0kHz\n\n52.97 \u00a7 45\u00a0All ship stations equipped with narrow-band direct-printing apparatus to work\n                                          in the authorized bands between 415\u00a0kHz and 535\u00a0kHz shall be able to send and receive\n                                          class F1B emissions as specified in No. 51.44. Additionally, ship stations complying with the provisions of Chapter VII shall be able to receive class F1B emissions on 518\u00a0kHz (see No. 51.45).\n\n52.98 (SUP \u2013 WRC-03)\n\n52.99\nC \u2212 Bands between 1\u00a0606.5\u00a0kHz and 4\u00a0000\u00a0kHz (WRC-03)\n\n52.100 \u00a7 46\u00a01) All ship stations equipped with narrow-band direct-printing telegraph apparatus\n                                          to work in the authorized bands between 1\u00a0606.5\u00a0kHz and 4\u00a0000\u00a0kHz shall be able to\n                                          send and receive class F1B or J2B emissions on at least two working frequencies. (WRC-03)\n\n52.101 2) Narrow-band direct-printing telegraphy is forbidden in the band 2\u00a0170-2\u00a0194\u00a0kHz,\n                                          except as provided for in Appendix 15 and Resolution 354\u00a0(WRC-07). (WRC-07)\n\n52.102\nD \u2212 Bands between 4\u00a0000\u00a0kHz and 27\u00a0500\u00a0kHz\n\n52.103 \u00a7 47\u00a0All ship stations equipped with narrow-band direct-printing telegraph apparatus\n                                          to work in the authorized bands between 4\u00a0000\u00a0kHz and 27\u00a0500\u00a0kHz shall be able to\n                                          send and receive class F1B emissions as specified in No. 51.49. The assignable frequencies are indicated in Appendix 17.\n\n52.104 \u00a7 48\u00a0Coast stations employing class F1B emissions and operating in the bands exclusively\n                                          allocated to the maritime mobile service between 4\u00a0000\u00a0kHz and 27\u00a0500\u00a0kHz shall at\n                                          no time use mean powers in excess of the following:\n\nBand\n\nMaximum mean power\n\n4\u00a0MHz\n\n5\u00a0kW\n\n6\u00a0MHz\n\n5\u00a0kW\n\n8\u00a0MHz\n\n10\u00a0kW\n\n12\u00a0MHz\n\n15\u00a0kW\n\n16\u00a0MHz\n\n15\u00a0kW\n\n18/19 MHz\n\n15\u00a0kW\n\n22\u00a0MHz\n\n15\u00a0kW\n\n25/26\u00a0MHz\n\n15\u00a0kW\n\n52.105 1) In all bands, the working frequencies for ship stations using narrow-band direct-printing\n                                          telegraphy at speeds not exceeding 100\u00a0Bd for FSK and 200\u00a0Bd for PSK, including those\n                                          paired with the working frequencies assignable to coast stations (see Appendix 17), are spaced 0.5\u00a0kHz apart. The frequencies assignable to ship stations which are\n                                          paired with those used by coast stations are shown in Appendix 17. The frequencies assignable to ship stations which are not paired with those used\n                                          by coast stations are shown in Appendix 17.\n\n52.106 (SUP \u2013 WRC-03)\n\n52.107 2) Each administration shall, if necessary, assign to each ship station under its\n                                          jurisdiction and employing non-paired narrow-band direct-printing telegraphy one or\n                                          more frequencies reserved for this purpose and shown in Appendix 17.\n\n52.108\nE \u2212 Bands between 156\u00a0MHz and 174\u00a0MHz\n\n52.109 \u00a7 49 All ship stations equipped with direct-printing telegraph apparatus may work\n                                          in the authorized bands between 156\u00a0MHz and 174\u00a0MHz and shall conform to the provisions\n                                          of Appendix 18.\n\nSection IV \u2212 Use of frequencies for digital selective-calling\n\n52.110\nA \u2212 General\n\n52.111 \u00a7 50\u00a0The provisions described in this Section are applicable to calling and acknowledgement,\n                                          when digital selective-calling techniques are used, except in cases of distress, urgency\n                                          and safety, to which the provisions of Chapter VII apply.\n\n52.112 \u00a7 51\u00a0The characteristics of the digital selective-calling equipment shall be in accordance\n                                          with Recommendation ITU-R M.541-10\u00a0and should be in accordance with the most recent\n                                          version of Recommendation ITU-R M.493. (WRC-15)\n\n52.113 \u00a7 52\u00a0The frequencies on which coast stations provide services using digital selective-\n                                          calling techniques shall be indicated in the List of Coast Stations and Special Service\n                                          Stations (List IV), which shall also supply any other useful information concerning\n                                          such services. (WRC-07)\n\n52.114\nB \u2212 Bands between 415\u00a0kHz and 526.5\u00a0kHz\n\nB1\u00a0\u2212 Mode of operation\n\n52.115 \u00a7 53\u00a01) The class of emission to be used for digital selective-calling and acknowledgement\n                                          in the authorized bands between 415\u00a0kHz and 526.5\u00a0kHz shall be F1B.\n\n52.116 2) When transmitting digital selective calls and acknowledgements in the bands between\n                                          415\u00a0kHz and 526.5\u00a0kHz, coast stations should use the minimum power necessary to cover\n                                          their service area.\n\n52.117 \u00a7 54\u00a0Transmissions of digital selective calls and acknowledgements by ship stations\n                                          shall be limited to a mean power of 400\u00a0W.\n\nB2\u00a0\u2212 Call and acknowledgement\n\n52.118 \u00a7 55\u00a0For call and acknowledgement by digital selective-calling techniques, an appropriate\n                                          channel shall be used.\n\n52.119 \u00a7 56\u00a0The international digital selective-calling frequency 455.5\u00a0kHz may be assigned\n                                          to any coast station. In order to reduce interference on this frequency, it may be\n                                          used as a general rule by coast stations to call ships of another nationality, or\n                                          in cases where it is not known on which digital selective-calling frequencies within\n                                          these bands the ship station is maintaining watch.\n\n52.120 \u00a7 57\u00a0The international digital selective-calling frequency 458.5\u00a0kHz may be used\n                                          by any ship station. In order to reduce interference on this frequency, it shall only\n                                          be used when calling cannot be made on national frequencies assigned to the coast\n                                          station.\n\n52.121 \u00a7 58\u00a0The frequency to be used for transmission of an acknowledgement shall normally\n                                          be the frequency paired with the calling frequency used.\n\nB3\u00a0\u2212 Watch\n\n52.122 \u00a7 59 1) A coast station providing international public correspondence service using\n                                          digital selective-calling techniques within the bands between 415\u00a0kHz and 526.5\u00a0kHz\n                                          should, during its hours of service, maintain automatic digital selective-calling\n                                          watch on appropriate national or international calling frequencies. The hours and\n                                          frequencies shall be indicated in the List of Coast Stations and Special Service Stations\n                                          (List IV). (WRC-07)\n\n52.123 2) Ship stations equipped with apparatus for digital selective-calling to work in\n                                          the authorized bands between 415\u00a0kHz and 526.5\u00a0kHz should, when within the coverage\n                                          area of coast stations providing services using digital selective-calling techniques\n                                          in these bands, maintain an automatic digital selective-calling watch on one or more\n                                          appropriate digital selective-calling frequencies within these bands, taking into\n                                          account the digital selective-calling frequencies operated by the coast stations.\n\n52.124\nC \u2212 Bands between 1\u00a0606.5\u00a0kHz and 4\u00a0000\u00a0kHz (WRC-03)\n\nC1\u00a0\u2212 Mode of operation\n\n52.125 \u00a7 60\u00a01) The class of emission to be used for digital selective-calling and acknowledgement\n                                          in the bands between 1\u00a0606.5\u00a0kHz and 4\u00a0000\u00a0kHz shall be F1B. (WRC-03)\n\n52.126 2) Coast stations should, when transmitting digital selective calls and acknowledgements\n                                          in the bands between 1\u00a0606.5\u00a0kHz and 4\u00a0000\u00a0kHz, use the minimum power necessary to\n                                          cover their service area. (WRC-03)\n\n52.127 3) In Region 1, transmissions of digital selective calls and acknowledgements by\n                                          ship stations shall be limited to a mean power of 400\u00a0W.\n\nC2\u00a0\u2212 Call and acknowledgement\n\n52.128 \u00a7 61\u00a01) When calling a coast station by digital selective-calling techniques, ship\n                                          stations should use for the call, in order of preference:\n\n52.129\na) a national digital selective-calling channel on which the coast station is maintaining\n                                          watch;\n\n52.130\nb) subject to the provisions of No. 52.131, the international digital selective-calling frequency 2\u00a0189.5\u00a0kHz.\n\n52.131 2) The international digital selective-calling frequency 2\u00a0189.5\u00a0kHz may be assigned\n                                          to any ship station. In order to reduce interference on this frequency, it may be\n                                          used as a general rule by ship stations to call coast stations of another nationality.\n\n52.132 3) A ship station calling another ship station by digital selective-calling techniques\n                                          should use the frequency 2\u00a0177\u00a0kHz for the call. Acknowledgements of such calls should\n                                          also be made on this frequency.\n\n52.133 \u00a7 62\u00a01) When calling ship stations by digital selective-calling techniques, coast\n                                          stations should use for the call, in the order of preference:\n\n52.134\na) a national digital selective-calling channel on which the coast station is maintaining\n                                          watch;\n\n52.135\nb) subject to the provisions of No. 52.136, the international digital selective-calling frequency 2\u00a0177\u00a0kHz.\n\n52.136 2) The international digital selective-calling frequency 2\u00a0177\u00a0kHz may be assigned\n                                          to any coast station. In order to reduce interference on this frequency, it may be\n                                          used as a general rule by coast stations to call ships of another nationality, or\n                                          in cases where it is not known on which digital selective-calling frequencies within\n                                          the bands between 1\u00a0606.5\u00a0kHz and 4\u00a0000\u00a0kHz the ship station is maintaining watch.\n                                          (WRC-03)\n\n52.137 \u00a7 63\u00a0The frequency to be used for transmission of an acknowledgement shall normally\n                                          be the frequency paired with the frequency used for the call received, as indicated\n                                          in the List of Coast Stations and Special Service Stations (List IV) (see also No.\n                                          52.113). (WRC-07)\n\nC3\u00a0\u2212 Watch\n\n52.138 \u00a7 64\u00a01) The provisions detailed in this Sub-section are applicable to watch-keeping\n                                          by digital selective-calling, except for distress, urgency and safety purposes, to\n                                          which the provisions of Section III of Article 31 apply.\n\n52.139 2) A coast station providing international public correspondence service using digital\n                                          selective-calling techniques within the bands between 1\u00a0606.5\u00a0kHz and 4\u00a0000\u00a0kHz should,\n                                          during its hours of service, maintain automatic digital selective-calling watch on\n                                          appropriate national or international calling frequencies. The hours and frequencies\n                                          shall be indicated in the List of Coast Stations and Special Service Stations (List\n                                          IV). (WRC-07)\n\n52.140 3) Ship stations equipped with apparatus for digital selective-calling to work in\n                                          the authorized bands between 1\u00a0606.5\u00a0kHz and 4\u00a0000\u00a0kHz should, when within the coverage\n                                          area of coast stations providing services using digital selective-calling techniques\n                                          in these bands, maintain an automatic digital selective-calling watch on one or more\n                                          appropriate digital selective-calling frequencies within these bands, taking into\n                                          account the digital selective-calling frequencies operated by the coast stations.\n                                          (WRC-03)\n\n52.141\nD \u2212 Bands between 4\u00a0000\u00a0kHz and 27\u00a0500\u00a0kHz\n\nD1\u00a0\u2212 Mode of operation\n\n52.142 \u00a7 65\u00a01) The class of emission to be used for digital selective-calling and acknowledgement\n                                          in the authorized bands between 4\u00a0000\u00a0kHz and 27\u00a0500\u00a0kHz shall be F1B.\n\n52.143 2) When transmitting digital selective calls and acknowledgements in the bands between\n                                          4\u00a0000\u00a0kHz and 27\u00a0500\u00a0kHz, coast stations shall at no time use a mean power in excess\n                                          of the following values:\n\nBand\n\nMaximum mean power\n\n4\u00a0MHz\n\n5\u00a0kW\n\n6\u00a0MHz\n\n5\u00a0kW\n\n8\u00a0MHz\n\n10\u00a0kW\n\n12\u00a0MHz\n\n15\u00a0kW\n\n16\u00a0MHz\n\n15\u00a0kW\n\n18/19 MHz\n\n15\u00a0kW\n\n22\u00a0MHz\n\n15\u00a0kW\n\n25/26\u00a0MHz\n\n15\u00a0kW\n\n52.144 3) Transmissions of digital selective calls and acknowledgements by ship stations\n                                          in the bands between 4\u00a0000\u00a0kHz and 27\u00a0500\u00a0kHz shall be limited to a mean power of\n                                          1.5\u00a0kW.\n\nD2\u00a0\u2212 Call and acknowledgement\n\n52.145 \u00a7 66\u00a0A station calling another station by digital selective-calling techniques within\n                                          the authorized bands between 4\u00a0000\u00a0kHz and 27\u00a0500\u00a0kHz should choose an appropriate\n                                          digital selective- calling frequency, taking into account propagation characteristics.\n\n52.146 \u00a7 67\u00a01) When calling a coast station by digital selective-calling techniques on frequencies\n                                          within the authorized bands between 4\u00a0000\u00a0kHz and 27\u00a0500\u00a0kHz, ship stations should\n                                          use for the call, in order of preference:\n\n52.147\na) a national digital selective-calling channel on which the coast station is maintaining\n                                          watch;\n\n52.148\nb) subject to the provisions of No. 52.149, one of the international digital selective- calling frequencies. (WRC-07)\n\n52.149 2) The international digital selective-calling frequencies shall be as indicated\n                                          in Recommendation ITU-R M.541-10\u00a0and may be used by any ship station. In order to\n                                          reduce interference on these frequencies, they shall only be used when calling cannot\n                                          be made on nationally assigned frequencies. (WRC-15)\n\n52.150 \u00a7 68\u00a01) When calling ship stations by digital selective-calling techniques on frequencies\n                                          within the bands between 4\u00a0000\u00a0kHz and 27\u00a0500\u00a0kHz coast stations should use for the\n                                          call, in order of preference:\n\n52.151\na) a national digital selective-calling channel on which the coast station is maintaining\n                                          watch;\n\n52.152\nb) subject to the provisions of No. 52.153, one of the international digital selective- calling frequencies. (WRC-07)\n\n52.153 2) The international digital selective-calling frequencies shall be as indicated\n                                          in Recommendation ITU-R M.541-10\u00a0and may be assigned to any coast station. In order\n                                          to reduce interference on these frequencies, they may be used as a general rule by\n                                          coast stations to call ships of another nationality, or in cases where it is not known\n                                          on which digital selective-calling frequencies within the frequency bands concerned\n                                          the ship station is maintaining watch. (WRC-15)\n\nD3\u00a0\u2212 Watch\n\n52.154 \u00a7 69 1) The provisions detailed in this Sub-section are applicable to watch-keeping\n                                          by digital selective-calling, except for distress, urgency and safety purposes, to\n                                          which the provisions of Section III of Article 31 apply.\n\n52.155 2) A coast station providing international public correspondence service using digital\n                                          selective-calling techniques within the bands between 4\u00a0000\u00a0kHz and 27\u00a0500\u00a0kHz should,\n                                          during its hours of service, maintain automatic digital selective-calling watch on\n                                          the appropriate digital selective-calling frequencies as indicated in the List of\n                                          Coast Stations and Special Service Stations (List IV). (WRC-07)\n\n52.156 3) Ship stations equipped with apparatus for digital selective-calling to work in\n                                          the authorized bands between 4\u00a0000\u00a0kHz and 27\u00a0500\u00a0kHz should maintain automatic digital\n                                          selective- calling watch on appropriate digital selective-calling frequencies within\n                                          these bands, taking into account propagation characteristics and the calling frequencies\n                                          for coast stations providing service using digital selective-calling techniques.\n\n52.157\nE \u2212 Bands between 156\u00a0MHz and 174\u00a0MHz\n\nE1\u00a0\u2212 Mode of operation\n\n52.158 \u00a7 70\u00a0The class of emission to be used for digital selective-calling and acknowledgement\n                                          in the authorized bands between 156\u00a0MHz and 174\u00a0MHz shall be G2B.\n\nE2\u00a0\u2212 Call and acknowledgement\n\n52.159 \u00a7 71\u00a01) The frequency 156.525\u00a0MHz is an international frequency in the maritime mobile\n                                          service used for distress, urgency, safety and calling by digital selective-calling\n                                          techniques (see Nos. 33.8 and 33.31 and Appendix 15). (WRC-07)\n\n52.160 2) Calling by digital selective-calling techniques within the authorized bands between\n                                          156\u00a0MHz and 174\u00a0MHz, from ship to coast station, from coast station to ship and from\n                                          ship to ship should, as a general rule, be made on the digital selective-calling frequency\n                                          156.525\u00a0MHz.\n\nE3\u00a0\u2212 Watch\n\n52.161 \u00a7 72\u00a0Information concerning watch-keeping by automatic digital selective-calling\n                                          on the frequency 156.525\u00a0MHz by coast stations shall be given in the List of Coast\n                                          Stations and Special Service Stations (List IV) (see also No. 31.13). (WRC-07)\n\n52.162 \u00a7 73\u00a0Ship stations equipped with apparatus for digital selective-calling to work\n                                          in the authorized bands between 156\u00a0MHz and 174\u00a0MHz should, while at sea, maintain\n                                          an automatic digital selective-calling watch on the frequency 156.525\u00a0MHz (see also\n                                          No. 31.17).\n\nSection V \u2212 Use of frequencies for wide-band telegraphy, facsimile, special transmission\n                                          systems and oceanographic data transmissions\n\n52.163\nA \u2212 Wide-band telegraphy, facsimile and special transmission systems\n\n52.164 A1\u00a0\u2212 Bands between 1\u00a0606.5\u00a0kHz and 4\u00a0000\u00a0kHz (WRC-03)\n\n52.165 \u00a7 74\u00a0In Region 2, the frequencies in the band 2\u00a0068.5-2\u00a0078.5\u00a0kHz are assigned to\n                                          ship stations using wide-band telegraphy, facsimile and special transmission systems.\n                                          The provisions of No. 52.171 apply.\n\n52.166 A2\u00a0\u2212 Bands between 4\u00a0000\u00a0kHz and 27\u00a0500\u00a0kHz\n\n52.167 \u00a7 75\u00a0In all bands, the working frequencies for ship stations equipped to use wide-band\n                                          telegraphy, facsimile and special transmission systems are spaced 4\u00a0kHz apart. The\n                                          assignable frequencies are shown in Appendix 17.\n\n52.168 \u00a7 76\u00a01) Each administration shall assign to each ship station under its jurisdiction\n                                          and employing wide-band telegraphy, facsimile and special transmission systems one\n                                          or more series of the working frequencies reserved for this purpose shown in Appendix\n                                          17. The total number of series assigned to each ship station shall be determined by\n                                          traffic requirements.\n\n52.169 2) When ship stations employing wide-band telegraphy, facsimile and special transmission\n                                          systems are assigned less than the total number of working frequencies in a band,\n                                          the administration concerned shall assign working frequencies to such ships in accordance\n                                          with an orderly system of rotation that will ensure approximately the same number\n                                          of assignments on any one working frequency.\n\n52.170 3) However, within the limits of the bands given in Appendix 17, administrations may, to meet the needs of specific systems, assign frequencies in\n                                          a different manner from that shown in Appendix 17. Nevertheless administrations shall take into account, as far as possible, the provisions\n                                          of Appendix 17, concerning channelling and the 4\u00a0kHz spacing.\n\n52.171 \u00a7 77\u00a0Ship stations equipped for wide-band telegraphy, facsimile and special transmission\n                                          systems may, in the frequency bands reserved for such use, employ any class of emission\n                                          provided that such emissions can be contained within the wide-band channels indicated\n                                          in Appendix 17. However, the use of A1A Morse telegraphy and telephony is excluded except for circuit\n                                          alignment purposes.\n\n52.172 \u00a7 78\u00a0Coast radiotelegraph stations employing multichannel telegraph emissions and\n                                          operating in the bands allocated exclusively to the maritime mobile service between\n                                          4\u00a0000\u00a0kHz and 27\u00a0500\u00a0kHz shall at no time use a mean power in excess of 2.5\u00a0kW per\n                                          500\u00a0Hz bandwidth.\n\n52.173\nB \u2212 Oceanographic data transmission systems\n\n52.174 \u00a7 79 In all bands, the assignable frequencies for oceanographic data transmissions\n                                          are spaced 0.3\u00a0kHz apart. The assignable frequencies are shown in Appendix 17.\n\n52.175 \u00a7 80\u00a0The frequency bands for oceanographic data transmission systems (see Appendix\n                                          17) may also be used by buoy stations for oceanographic data transmission and by stations\n                                          interrogating these buoys.\n\nSection VI \u2212 Use of frequencies for radiotelephony\n\n52.176\nA \u2212 General\n\n52.177 \u00a7 81\u00a0Except with regard to the provisions of Article 11 concerning notification and recording of frequencies, when designating frequencies\n                                          for single-sideband radiotelephony the carrier frequency is always to be designated.\n                                          The assigned frequency shall be 1\u00a0400\u00a0Hz higher than the carrier frequency.\n\n52.178 \u00a7 82\u00a0Coast stations shall not occupy idle radiotelephone channels by emitting identification\n                                          signals, such as those generated by call slips or tapes. Exceptionally, a coast station,\n                                          when requested by a ship station for the purpose of establishing a radiotelephone\n                                          call, may emit a receiver tuning signal of not more than 10\u00a0s duration.\n\n52.179 \u00a7 83\u00a0However, coast stations in automatic service in the UHF band may emit marking\n                                          signals. The emission power of the signals shall however be limited to the minimum\n                                          value necessary for effective operation of the signalling. Such emissions shall not\n                                          cause harmful interference to the maritime mobile service in other countries.\n\n52.180 \u00a7 84\u00a0The frequencies of transmission (and reception when these frequencies are in\n                                          pairs as in the case of duplex radiotelephony) assigned to each coast station shall\n                                          be indicated in the List of Coast Stations and Special Service Stations (List IV).\n                                          This List shall also indicate any other useful information concerning the service\n                                          performed by each coast station. (WRC-07)\n\n52.181 \u00a7 85\u00a0Single-sideband apparatus in radiotelephone stations of the maritime mobile\n                                          service operating in the frequency bands allocated to this service between 1\u00a0606.5\u00a0kHz\n                                          and 4\u00a0000\u00a0kHz and in the frequency bands allocated exclusively to this service between\n                                          4\u00a0000\u00a0kHz and 27\u00a0500\u00a0kHz shall satisfy the technical and operational conditions specified\n                                          in Recommendation ITU-R M.1173-1. (WRC-15)\n\n52.182\nB \u2212 Bands between 1\u00a0606.5\u00a0kHz and 4\u00a0000\u00a0kHz (WRC-03)\n\nB1\u00a0\u2212 Mode of operation of stations\n\n52.183 \u00a7 86\u00a01) Unless otherwise specified in the Radio Regulations (see Nos. 51.53, 52.188, 52.189 and 52.199), the class of emission to be used in the bands between 1\u00a0606.5\u00a0kHz and 4\u00a0000\u00a0kHz\n                                          shall be J3E. (WRC-07)\n\n52.184 2) The peak envelope power of coast radiotelephone stations operating in the authorized\n                                          bands allocated between 1\u00a0606.5\u00a0kHz and 4\u00a0000\u00a0kHz shall not exceed: (WRC-03)\n\n52.185 \u2212 5\u00a0kW for coast stations located north of latitude 32\u00b0 N;\n\n52.186 \u2212 10\u00a0kW for coast stations located south of latitude 32\u00b0 N.\n\n52.187 3) The normal mode of operation for each coast station shall be indicated in the\n                                          List of Coast Stations and Special Service Stations (List IV). (WRC-07)\n\n52.188 4) Transmissions in the bands 2\u00a0170-2\u00a0173.5\u00a0kHz and 2\u00a0190.5-2\u00a0194\u00a0kHz with the carrier\n                                          frequency 2\u00a0170.5\u00a0kHz and the carrier frequency 2\u00a0191\u00a0kHz, respectively, are limited\n                                          to class J3E emissions and are limited to a peak envelope power of 400\u00a0W. (WRC-07)\n\nB2\u00a0\u2212 Call and reply\n\n52.189 \u00a7 87\u00a01) The frequency 2\u00a0182\u00a0kHz171 is an international distress frequency for radiotelephony (see Appendix 15 and Resolution 354\u00a0(WRC-07)). (WRC-07)\n\n52.190 2) The frequency 2\u00a0182\u00a0kHz may also be used:\n\n52.191\na) for call and reply in accordance with the provisions of Article 57;\n\n52.192\nb) by coast stations to announce the transmission, on another frequency, of traffic\n                                          lists as specified in Recommendation ITU-R M.1171-0. (WRC-15)\n\n52.193 3) In addition, an administration may assign to its stations other frequencies for\n                                          call and reply.\n\n52.194 \u00a7 88\u00a0To facilitate use of the frequency 2\u00a0182\u00a0kHz for distress purposes, all transmissions\n                                          on 2\u00a0182\u00a0kHz shall be kept to a minimum.\n\n52.195 \u00a7 89 1) Before transmitting on the carrier frequency 2\u00a0182\u00a0kHz, a station shall,\n                                          in accordance with Recommendation ITU-R M.1171-0, listen on this frequency for a reasonable\n                                          period to make sure that no distress traffic is being sent. (WRC-15)\n\n52.196 2) The provisions of No. 52.195 do not apply to stations in distress.\n\nB3\u00a0\u2212 Traffic\n\n52.197 \u00a7 90\u00a01) Coast stations which use 2\u00a0182\u00a0kHz for calling shall be able to use at least\n                                          one other frequency in the authorized bands between 1\u00a0606.5\u00a0kHz and 2\u00a0850\u00a0kHz. (WRC-03)\n\n52.198 2) Coast stations authorized to use radiotelephony on one or more frequencies other\n                                          than 2\u00a0182\u00a0kHz in the authorized bands between 1\u00a0606.5\u00a0kHz and 2\u00a0850\u00a0kHz shall use\n                                          class J3E emissions on those frequencies (see also No. 52.188). (WRC-03)\n\n52.199 3) Coast stations open to the public correspondence service on one or more frequencies\n                                          between 1\u00a0606.5\u00a0kHz and 2\u00a0850\u00a0kHz shall also be capable of transmitting class H3E\n                                          and J3E emissions with a carrier frequency of 2\u00a0182\u00a0kHz, and of receiving class A3E,\n                                          H3E and J3E emissions with a carrier frequency of 2\u00a0182\u00a0kHz. (WRC-03)\n\n52.200 4) One of the frequencies which coast stations are required to be able to use (see\n                                          No. 52.197) is printed in heavy type in the List of Coast Stations and Special Service Stations\n                                          (List IV) to indicate that it is the normal working frequency of the stations. Supplementary\n                                          frequencies, if assigned, are shown in ordinary type. (WRC-07)\n\n52.201 5) Working frequencies of coast stations shall be chosen in such a manner as to avoid\n                                          interference with other stations.\n\nB4\u00a0\u2212 Additional provisions applying to Region 1\n\n52.202 \u00a7 91\u00a0The peak envelope power of ship radiotelephone stations operating in the authorized\n                                          bands between 1\u00a0606.5\u00a0kHz and 2\u00a0850\u00a0kHz shall not exceed 400\u00a0W. (WRC-03)\n\n52.203 \u00a7 92\u00a01) All stations on ships making international voyages should be able to use:\n\n52.204\n a) the following ship-to-shore working frequency, if required by their service:\n\n52.205 \u2212 carrier frequency 2\u00a0045\u00a0kHz (assigned frequency 2\u00a0046.4\u00a0kHz) for class J3E emissions;\n\n52.206\n b) the following intership frequency, if required by their service:\n\n52.207 \u2212 carrier frequency 2\u00a0048\u00a0kHz (assigned frequency 2\u00a0049.4\u00a0kHz) for class J3E emissions;\n\n52.208 This frequency may be used as an additional ship-to-shore frequency.\n\n52.209 (SUP \u2013 WRC-07)\n\n52.210 \u00a7 93\u00a01) Ships frequently exchanging correspondence with a coast station of a nationality\n                                          other than their own may use the same frequencies as ships of the nationality of the\n                                          coast station:\n\n52.211 \u2212 where mutually agreed by the administrations concerned; or\n\n52.212 \u2212 where the facility is open to ships of all nationalities by virtue of a note against\n                                          each of the frequencies concerned in the List of Coast Stations and Special Service\n                                          Stations (List IV). (WRC-07)\n\n52.213 2) In exceptional circumstances, if frequency usage according to Nos. 52.203 to 52.208 or No. 52.210 is not possible, a ship station may use one of its own assigned national ship- to-shore\n                                          frequencies for communication with a coast station of another nationality, under the\n                                          express condition that the coast station as well as the ship station shall take precautions,\n                                          in accordance with Recommendation ITU-R M.1171-0, to ensure that the use of such a\n                                          frequency will not cause harmful interference to the service for which the frequency\n                                          in question is authorized. (WRC-15)\n\n52.214 \u00a7 94\u00a0The following ship-to-shore frequencies:\n\n\u2013 carrier frequency 2\u00a0051\u00a0kHz (assigned frequency 2\u00a0052.4\u00a0kHz),\n\n\u2013 carrier frequency 2\u00a0054\u00a0kHz (assigned frequency 2\u00a0055.4\u00a0kHz), and\n\n\u2013 carrier frequency 2\u00a0057\u00a0kHz (assigned frequency 2\u00a0058.4\u00a0kHz), may be assigned to coast\n                                                stations as receiving frequencies.\n\nB5\u00a0\u2212 Additional provisions applying to Regions 2\u00a0and 3\n\n52.215 \u00a7 95\u00a0All stations on ships making international voyages should, if required by their\n                                          service, be able to use the intership carrier frequencies:\n\n2\u00a0635\u00a0kHz (assigned frequency 2\u00a0636.4\u00a0kHz) or\n\n2\u00a0638\u00a0kHz (assigned frequency 2\u00a0639.4\u00a0kHz).\n\nThe conditions of use of these frequencies are specified in No. 52.11.\n\n52.216\nC \u2212 Bands between 4\u00a0000\u00a0kHz and 27\u00a0500\u00a0kHz\n\nC1\u00a0\u2212 Mode of operation of stations\n\n52.217 \u00a7 96\u00a01) The class of emission to be used for analogue radiotelephony in the bands\n                                          between 4\u00a0000\u00a0kHz and 26\u00a0175\u00a0kHz shall be J3E; for digital telecommunications in those\n                                          bands, the class of emission shall be J2D. (WRC-03)\n\n52.218 2) The normal mode of operation of each coast station is indicated in the List of\n                                          Coast Stations and Special Service Stations (List IV). (WRC-07)\n\n52.219 3) Coast stations employing class J3E or J2D emissions in accordance with No. 52.217 in the bands between 4\u00a0000\u00a0kHz and 27\u00a0500\u00a0kHz shall use the minimum power necessary\n                                          to cover their service area and shall at no time use a peak envelope power in excess\n                                          of 10\u00a0kW per channel.\n\n52.220 4) Ship stations employing class J3E or J2D emissions in accordance with No. 52.217 in the bands between 4\u00a0000\u00a0kHz and 27\u00a0500\u00a0kHz shall at no time use a peak envelope\n                                          power in excess of 1.5\u00a0kW per channel.\n\nC2\u00a0\u2212 Call and reply\n\n52.220A 5) Administrations should encourage the coast stations and ship stations under their\n                                          jurisdiction to use digital selective calling techniques for call and reply. (WRC-2000)\n\n52.220B \u00a7 96A When calling by radiotelephony is necessary, it should be done (in order of\n                                          preference): (WRC-2000)\n\n52.220C 1) on the working frequencies assigned to the coast stations; or (WRC-2000)\n\n52.220D 2) when this is not possible, on the calling frequencies listed under No. 52.221 or 52.221A below. (WRC-2000)\n\n52.221 \u00a7 97\u00a01) Ship stations may use the following carrier frequencies for calling in radiotelephony:\n\n4\u00a0125\n\nkHz1), 2), 3)\n\n6\u00a0215\n\nkHz2), 3)\n\n8\u00a0255\n\nkHz\n\n8\u00a0291\n\nkHz3) (see also No. 52.221A)\n\n12\u00a0290\n\nkHz3) (see also No. 52.221A)\n\n16\u00a0420\n\nkHz3) (see also No. 52.221A)\n\n18\u00a0795\n\nkHz\n\n22\u00a0060\n\nkHz\n\n25\u00a0097\n\nkHz\n\n(WRC-15)\n\n1)\n52.221.1 In the United States, the carrier frequency 4\u00a0125\u00a0kHz is also authorized for common\n                                          use by coast and ship stations for single-sideband radiotelephony on a simplex basis,\n                                          provided the peak envelope power of such stations does not exceed 1\u00a0kW (see also No.\n                                          52.222.2).\n\n2)\n52.221.2 The carrier frequencies 4\u00a0125\u00a0kHz and 6\u00a0215\u00a0kHz are also authorized for common use\n                                          by coast and ship stations for single-sideband radiotelephony on a simplex basis for\n                                          call and reply purposes, provided that the peak envelope power of such stations does\n                                          not exceed 1\u00a0kW. The use of these frequencies for working purposes is not permitted\n                                          (see also No. 52.221.1).\n\n3)\n52.221.3 The carrier frequencies 4\u00a0125\u00a0kHz, 6\u00a0215\u00a0kHz, 8\u00a0291\u00a0kHz, 12\u00a0290\u00a0kHz and 16\u00a0420\u00a0kHz\n                                          are also authorized for common use by coast and ship stations for single-sideband\n                                          radiotelephony on a simplex basis for distress and safety traffic.\n\n52.222.1 (SUP \u2013 WRC-07)\n\n52.221\u00a0A 2) The carrier frequency 8\u00a0291\u00a0kHz is authorized on a simplex basis for distress\n                                          and safety traffic only (see also Appendix 15). Calling on the carrier frequencies 12\u00a0290\u00a0kHz and 16\u00a0420\u00a0kHz shall be permitted\n                                          only to and from rescue coordination centres (see No. 30.6.1), subject to the safeguards of Resolution 352\u00a0(WRC-03). The alternative carrier frequencies 12\u00a0359 kHz and 16\u00a0537\u00a0kHz may be used by ship\n                                          stations and coast stations for calling on a simplex basis, provided that the peak\n                                          envelope power does not exceed 1\u00a0kW. (WRC-15)\n\n52.222 3) Coast stations may use the following carrier frequencies for calling in radiotelephony:\n\n4\u00a0417\n\nkHz1)\n\n6\u00a0516\n\nkHz1)\n\n8\u00a0779\n\nkHz\n\n13\u00a0137\n\nkHz (see No. 52.222A)\n\n17\u00a0302\n\nkHz (see No. 52.222A)\n\n19 770\n\nkHz\n\n22\u00a0756\n\nkHz\n\n26\u00a0172\n\nkHz\n\n(WRC-2000)\n\n1)\n52.222.2 The carrier frequencies 4\u00a0417\u00a0kHz and 6\u00a0516\u00a0kHz are also authorized for common use\n                                          by coast and ship stations for single-sideband radiotelephony on a simplex basis,\n                                          provided that the peak envelope power of such stations does not exceed 1\u00a0kW. The use\n                                          of 6\u00a0516\u00a0kHz for this purpose should be limited to daytime operation (see also No.\n                                          52.221.1).\n\n52.222A 4) The carrier frequencies 13\u00a0137\u00a0kHz and 17\u00a0302\u00a0kHz shall not be used as calling\n                                          frequencies after 31\u00a0December 2003. The alternative carrier frequencies 12\u00a0359 kHz\n                                          and 16\u00a0537\u00a0kHz may be used by ship stations and coast stations for calling on a simplex\n                                          basis, provided that the peak envelope power does not exceed 1\u00a0kW. (WRC-2000)\n\n52.223 \u00a7 98\u00a0The hours of service of coast stations open to public correspondence and the\n                                          frequency or frequencies on which watch is maintained shall be indicated in the List\n                                          of Coast Stations and Special Service Stations (List IV). (WRC-07)\n\n52.224 \u00a7 99 1) Before transmitting on the carrier frequencies 4\u00a0125\u00a0kHz, 6\u00a0215\u00a0kHz, 8\u00a0291\u00a0kHz,\n                                          12\u00a0290\u00a0kHz or 16\u00a0420\u00a0kHz a station shall, in accordance with Recommendation ITU-R\n                                          M.1171-0, listen on the frequency for a reasonable period to make sure that no distress\n                                          traffic is being sent (see No. 52.221A). (WRC-15)\n\n52.225 2) The provisions of No. 52.224 do not apply to stations in distress.\n\nC3\u00a0\u2212 Traffic\n\n52.226 \u00a7 100\u00a01) For the conduct of duplex telephony, the transmitting frequencies of the\n                                          coast stations and of the corresponding ship stations shall be associated in pairs,\n                                          as indicated in Appendix 17, except temporarily in cases where working conditions prohibit the use of paired\n                                          frequencies in order to meet operational needs.\n\n52.227 2) The frequencies to be used for the conduct of simplex radiotelephony are shown\n                                          in Appendix 17, Section B. In these cases, the peak envelope power of the coast station transmitter\n                                          shall not exceed 1\u00a0kW.\n\n52.228 3) The frequencies indicated in Appendix 17 for ship station transmissions may be used by ships of any category according to\n                                          traffic requirements.\n\n52.229 4) Transmitters used for radiotelephony in the frequency bands between 4\u00a0000\u00a0kHz\n                                          and 27\u00a0500\u00a0kHz shall comply with technical characteristics specified in Recommendation\n                                          ITU-R M.1173-1. (WRC-15)\n\n52.230\nD \u2212 Bands between 156\u00a0MHz and 174\u00a0MHz\n\nD1\u00a0\u2212 Call and reply\n\n52.231 \u00a7 101\u00a01) The frequency 156.8\u00a0MHz is the international frequency for distress traffic\n                                          and for calling by radiotelephony when using frequencies in the authorized bands between\n                                          156\u00a0MHz and 174\u00a0MHz. The class of emission to be used for radiotelephony on the frequency\n                                          156.8\u00a0MHz shall be G3E (as specified in Recommendation ITU-R M.489-2). (WRC-07)\n\n52.232 2) The frequency 156.8\u00a0MHz may also be used:\n\n52.233\na) by coast and ship stations for call and reply in accordance with the provisions of\n                                          Articles 54 and 57;\n\n52.234\nb) by coast stations to announce the transmission on another frequency of traffic lists,\n                                          in accordance with Recommendation ITU-R M.1171-0, and important maritime information.\n                                          (WRC-15)\n\n52.235 (SUP \u2013 WRC-07)\n\n52.236 3) Any one of the channels designated in Appendix 18 for public correspondence may be used as a calling channel if an administration so\n                                          desires. Such use shall be indicated in the List of Coast Stations and Special Service\n                                          Stations (List IV). (WRC-07)\n\n52.237 5) Ship and coast stations in the public correspondence service may use a working\n                                          frequency, for calling purposes, as provided in Articles 54 and 57.\n\n52.238 6) All emissions in the band 156.7625-156.8375\u00a0MHz capable of causing harmful interference\n                                          to the authorized transmissions of stations of the maritime mobile service on 156.8\u00a0MHz\n                                          are forbidden.\n\n52.239 7) To facilitate the reception of distress calls and distress traffic, all transmissions\n                                          on 156.8\u00a0MHz shall be kept to a minimum and shall not exceed one minute.\n\n52.240 8) Before transmitting on the frequency 156.8\u00a0MHz, a station shall, in accordance\n                                          with Recommendation ITU-R M.1171-0, listen on this frequency for a reasonable period\n                                          to make sure that no distress traffic is being sent. (WRC-15)\n\n52.241 9) The provisions of No. 52.240 do not apply to stations in distress.\n\n52.241A 10) The frequency 156.525\u00a0MHz is the international distress, safety and calling frequency\n                                          for the maritime mobile VHF radiotelephone service using digital selective calling\n                                          (DSC) when using frequencies in the authorized bands between 156\u00a0MHz and 174\u00a0MHz.\n                                          (WRC-07)\n\n52.241B 11) All emissions in the band 156.4875-156.5625\u00a0MHz capable of causing harmful interference\n                                          to the authorized transmissions of stations of the maritime mobile service on 156.525\u00a0MHz\n                                          are forbidden. (WRC-07)\n\n52.241C 12) To facilitate the reception of distress calls and distress traffic, all transmissions\n                                          on 156.525\u00a0MHz shall be kept to a minimum. (WRC-07)\n\nD2\u00a0\u2212 Watch\n\n52.242 \u00a7 102\u00a01) A coast station open to the international public correspondence service\n                                          should, during its hours of service, maintain watch on its receiving frequency or\n                                          frequencies indicated in the List of Coast Stations and Special Service Stations (List\n                                          IV). (WRC-07)\n\n52.243 2) The method of watch on a working frequency shall be no less efficient than watch\n                                          by an operator.\n\n52.244 3) Ship stations should, where practicable, maintain watch on 156.8\u00a0MHz when within\n                                          the service area of a coast station providing international maritime mobile radiotelephone\n                                          service in the band 156-174\u00a0MHz. Ship stations fitted only with VHF radiotelephone\n                                          equipment operating in the authorized bands between 156\u00a0MHz and 174\u00a0MHz should maintain\n                                          watch on 156.8\u00a0MHz when at sea.\n\n52.245 4) Ship stations, when in communication with a port station, may, on an exceptional\n                                          basis and subject to the agreement of the administration concerned, continue to maintain\n                                          watch on the appropriate port operations frequency only, provided that watch on 156.8\u00a0MHz\n                                          is being maintained by the port station.\n\n52.246 5) Ship stations, when in communication with a coast station in the ship movement\n                                          service and subject to the agreement of the administration concerned, may continue\n                                          to maintain watch on the appropriate ship movement service frequency only, provided\n                                          that watch on 156.8\u00a0MHz is being maintained by that coast station.\n\n52.247 \u00a7 103\u00a0A coast station in the port operations service in an area where 156.8\u00a0MHz is\n                                          being used for distress, urgency or safety shall, during its working hours, keep an\n                                          additional watch on 156.6\u00a0MHz or another port operations frequency indicated in heavy\n                                          type in the List of Coast Stations and Special Service Stations (List IV). (WRC-07)\n\n52.248 \u00a7 104\u00a0A coast station in the ship movement service in an area where 156.8\u00a0MHz is\n                                          being used for distress, urgency and safety shall, during its working hours, keep\n                                          an additional watch on the ship movement frequencies indicated in heavy type in the\n                                          List of Coast Stations and Special Service Stations (List IV). (WRC-07)\n\nD3\u00a0\u2212 Traffic\n\n52.249 \u00a7 105\u00a01) Where practicable, coast stations open to the international public correspondence\n                                          service shall be capable of working with ship stations equipped for duplex or semi-\n                                          duplex operation.\n\n52.250 2) The method of working (single-frequency or two-frequency) specified in Appendix\n                                          18 for each channel should be used in the international services.\n\n52.251 \u00a7 106\u00a0Communications in the port operations service shall be restricted to those\n                                          relating to operational handling, the movement and the safety of ships and, in emergency,\n                                          to the safety of persons. Messages of a public correspondence nature shall be excluded\n                                          from this service.\n\n52.252 \u00a7 107\u00a0Communications in the ship movement service shall be restricted to those relating\n                                          to the movement of ships. Messages of a public correspondence nature shall be excluded\n                                          from this service.\n\n52.253 \u00a7 108\u00a01) Coast stations which use 156.8\u00a0MHz for calling shall be able to use at least\n                                          one other authorized channel in the international maritime mobile radiotelephone service\n                                          in the band 156-174\u00a0MHz.\n\n52.254 2) In the band 156-174\u00a0MHz administrations shall, where practicable, assign frequencies\n                                          to coast and ship stations in accordance with the Table of transmitting frequencies\n                                          given in Appendix 18 for such international services as administrations consider necessary.\n\n52.255 (SUP \u2013 WRC-03)\n\n52.256 3) In assigning frequencies to their coast stations, administrations should collaborate\n                                          in cases where harmful interference might occur.\n\n52.257 4) Channels are designated by numbers in the Table of transmitting frequencies given\n                                          in Appendix 18.\n\n52.258 \u00a7 109 1) In assigning frequencies to stations of authorized services, other than\n                                          maritime mobile, administrations shall avoid the possibility of interference to international\n                                          maritime services in the bands between 156\u00a0MHz and 174\u00a0MHz.\n\n52.259 2) The use of channels for maritime mobile purposes other than those indicated in\n                                          the Table of transmitting frequencies given in Appendix 18 shall not cause harmful interference to services which operate in accordance with\n                                          that table and shall not prejudice the future development of such services.\n\n52.260 \u00a7 110\u00a0The carrier power of ship station transmitters shall not exceed 25\u00a0W.\n\nSection VII \u2013 Use of frequencies for data transmissions (WRC-12)\n\n52.261\nA \u2013 General (WRC-12)\n\n52.262 Frequencies assigned to coast stations for data transmissions shall be indicated\n                                          in the List of Coast Stations and Special Service Stations (List IV). This List shall\n                                          also indicate any other useful information concerning the service performed by each\n                                          coast station. (WRC-12)\n\n52.263\nB \u2013 Bands between 4\u00a0000\u00a0kHz and 27\u00a0500\u00a0kHz (WRC-12)\n\nB1\u00a0\u2013 Mode of operation of stations (WRC-12)\n\n52.264 The class of emissions to be used for data transmissions in this section should be\n                                          in accordance with the most recent version of Recommendation ITU-R M.1798. Coast stations\n                                          as well as ship stations should use radio systems specified in the most recent version\n                                          of Recommendation ITU-R M.1798. (WRC-15)\n\n52.265 Coast stations employing the class of emissions in accordance with No. 52.264 in the frequency bands between 4\u00a0000\u00a0kHz and 27\u00a0500\u00a0kHz shall not exceed a peak envelope\n                                          power of 10\u00a0kW. (WRC-12)\n\n52.266 Ship stations employing the class of emissions in accordance with No. 52.264 in the frequency bands between 4\u00a0000\u00a0kHz and 27\u00a0500\u00a0kHz shall not exceed a peak envelope\n                                          power of 1.5\u00a0kW. (WRC-12)\n\n53.1 \u00a7 1\u00a0All stations in the maritime mobile service and the maritime mobile-satellite\n                                          service shall be capable of offering four levels of priority in the following order:\n\n1) Distress calls, distress messages, and distress traffic.\n\n2) Urgency communications.\n\n3) Safety communications.\n\n4) Other communications.\n\n53.2 \u00a7 2\u00a0In a fully automated system, where it is impracticable to offer all four levels\n                                          of priority, category 1\u00a0shall receive priority until such time as intergovernmental\n                                          agreements172 remove exemptions granted for such systems from offering the complete order of priority.\n\n54.1 \u00a7 1\u00a01) Selective calling is designed for automatic station calling and distress alerting\n                                          or the transmission of information for the organization of traffic.\n\n54.2 2) Selective calling is carried out using a digital selective calling system which\n                                          shall be in accordance with Recommendation ITU-R M.541-10, and may be in accordance\n                                          with the most recent version of Recommendation ITU-R M.493. (WRC-15)\n\n55.1 The recommended procedure for conducting Morse radiotelegraph communications is detailed\n                                          in the most recent version of Recommendation ITU-R M.1170. (WRC-07)\n\n56.1 \u00a7 1\u00a0Stations using narrow-band direct-printing telegraphy shall comply with the provisions\n                                          of Articles 51 and 52.\n\n56.2 \u00a7 2\u00a0The procedures specified in Recommendation ITU-R M.492-6\u00a0shall be employed except\n                                          in cases of distress, urgency, or safety, in which case alternate or non-standard\n                                          procedures may be used. (WRC-07)\n\n56.3 \u00a7 3\u00a0Before transmitting, a station shall take precautions to ensure that its emissions\n                                          will not interfere with transmissions already in progress; if such interference is\n                                          likely, the station shall await an appropriate break in the communications in progress.\n                                          This obligation does not apply to stations where unattended operation is possible\n                                          through automatic means.\n\n56.4 \u00a7 4\u00a01) For communication between two stations the ARQ mode should be used when available.\n\n56.5 2) For transmissions from one coast or ship station to two or more other stations\n                                          the forward-error-correcting mode should be used when available.\n\n56.6 \u00a7 5\u00a0The services provided by each station open to public correspondence shall be\n                                          indicated in the List of Coast Stations and Special Service Stations (List IV) and\n                                          in the List of Ship Stations and Maritime Mobile Service Identity Assignments (List\n                                          V), together with information on charging. (WRC-07)\n\n56.7 \u00a7 6\u00a0Where transmission over the telecommunication channels open to public correspondence\n                                          (excluding the telecommunication channels of the mobile service and of the mobile-\n                                          satellite service and its feeder links) is involved, the provisions of the International\n                                          Telecommunication Regulations and the relevant ITU-T Recommendations should be taken\n                                          into account.\n\n57.1 \u00a7 1\u00a0The procedure detailed in Recommendation ITU-R M.1171-0\u00a0shall be applicable to\n                                          radiotelephone stations, except in cases of distress, urgency or safety. (WRC-15)\n\n57.2 \u00a7 2\u00a0The radiotelephone public correspondence service provided on ships should, if\n                                          possible, be operated on a duplex basis.\n\n57.3 \u00a7 3\u00a01) Devices providing for the emission of a signal to indicate that a call is\n                                          in progress on a channel may be used in this service on a non-interference basis to\n                                          the service provided by coast stations.\n\n57.4 2) The use of devices for continuous or repetitive calling or identification in a\n                                          manually operated radiotelephony service is not permitted.\n\n57.5 3) A station may not transmit identical information simultaneously on two or more\n                                          frequencies when communicating with only one other station.\n\n57.6 4) A station shall not emit any carrier wave between calls. However, stations in\n                                          an automatically operated radiotelephone system may emit marking signals under the\n                                          conditions provided for in No. 52.179.\n\n57.7 5) When it is necessary to spell out certain expressions, difficult words, service\n                                          abbreviations, figures, etc., the phonetic spelling tables in Appendix 14 shall be used.\n\n57.8 \u00a7 4\u00a0Calling, and signals preparatory to traffic, shall not exceed one minute when\n                                          made on the carrier frequency 2\u00a0182\u00a0kHz or on 156.8\u00a0MHz, except in cases of distress,\n                                          urgency or safety. (WRC-07)\n\n57.9 \u00a7 5\u00a0When it is necessary for a ship station to send signals for testing or adjustments\n                                          which are liable to interfere with the working of neighbouring coast stations, the\n                                          consent of these stations shall be obtained before such signals are sent.\n\n57.10 \u00a7 6\u00a0When it is necessary for a station to make test signals, either for the adjustment\n                                          of a transmitter before making a call or for the adjustment of a receiver, such signals\n                                          shall be kept to a minimum but in any event, shall not exceed ten seconds, and shall\n                                          include the call sign or other identification of the station emitting the test signals.\n                                          This call sign or other identification shall be spoken slowly and distinctly.\n\n58.1 The provisions of the International Telecommunications Regulations, taking into account\n                                          ITU-T Recommendations, shall apply.\n\n59.1 These Regulations, which complement the provisions of the Constitution and Convention\n                                          of the International Telecommunication Union, and as revised and contained in the\n                                          Final Acts of WRC-95, WRC-97, WRC-2000, WRC-03, WRC-07, WRC-12, WRC-15\u00a0and WRC-19,\n                                          shall be applied, pursuant to Article 54\u00a0of the Constitution, on the following basis.\n                                          (WRC-19)\n\n59.2 The provisions of these Regulations, as revised by WRC-95, concerning new or modified\n                                          frequency allocations (including any new or modified conditions applying to existing\n                                          allocations) and the related provisions of Articles S21173 and S22174, and Appendix S4175, apply provisionally as of 1\u00a0January 1997.\n\n59.3 The other provisions of these Regulations, as revised by WRC-95\u00a0and WRC-97, apply\n                                          provisionally as of 1\u00a0January 1999, with the following exceptions: (WRC-2000)\n\n59.4 \u2212 the revised provisions for which other effective dates of application are stipulated\n                                          in Resolutions:\n\n49 (WRC-97)\n176\n, 51\u00a0(WRC-97)\n177\n, 52\u00a0(WRC-97)\n178\n, 54\u00a0(WRC-97)\n179,\n\n130\u00a0(WRC-97)\n180\n, 533\u00a0(WRC-97)\n181\n, 534\u00a0(WRC-97)\n182\n and 538\u00a0(WRC-97)\n183.\n\n59.5 The other provisions of these Regulations, as revised by WRC-2000, shall enter into\n                                          force on 1\u00a0January 2002, with the following exceptions: (WRC-2000)\n\n59.6 \u2212 the revised provisions for which other effective dates of application are stipulated\n                                          in Resolutions:\n\n49 (Rev.WRC-2000)\n184\n, 51\u00a0(Rev.WRC-2000)\n185\n, 53\u00a0(Rev.WRC-2000)\n186\n\n55\u00a0(WRC-2000)\n187\n, 56\u00a0(WRC-2000)\n188\n, 58\u00a0(WRC-2000)\n189\n, 59 (WRC-2000)\n190, 77\u00a0(WRC-2000)191, 84\u00a0(WRC-2000)192, 122\u00a0(Rev.WRC-2000)193, 128\u00a0(Rev.WRC-2000)194, 533\u00a0(Rev.WRC-2000)195, 539 (WRC-2000)196, 540\u00a0(WRC-2000)197, 541\u00a0(WRC-2000)198, 542\u00a0(WRC-2000)199, 604\u00a0(WRC-2000)200 and 605\u00a0(WRC-2000)201. (WRC-2000)\n\n59.7 The other provisions of these Regulations, as revised by WRC-03, shall enter into\n                                          force on 1\u00a0January 2005, with the following exceptions: (WRC-03)\n\n59.8 \u2212 the revised provisions for which other effective dates of application are stipulated\n                                          in Resolutions:\n\n56\u00a0(Rev.WRC-03)\n202\n, 85 (WRC-03), 87\u00a0(WRC-03)\n203\n, 96 (WRC-03)\n204\n,\n\n122 (Rev.WRC-03)\n205\n, 142 (WRC-03)\n206\n, 145 (WRC-03)\n207\n, 146 (WRC-03)\n208\n,\n\n221 (Rev.WRC-03)\n209\n, 413 (WRC-03)\n210\n, 539 (Rev.WRC-03)\n211\n, 546 (WRC-03)\n212\n, 743 (WRC-03) and 902\u00a0(WRC-03). (WRC-12)\n\n59.9 The other provisions of these Regulations, as revised by WRC-07, shall enter into\n                                          force on 1\u00a0January 2009, with the following exceptions: (WRC-07)\n\n59.10 \u2212 the revised provisions for which other effective dates of application are stipulated\n                                          in Resolutions:\n\n55\u00a0(Rev.WRC-07)\n213\n, 97 (WRC-07)\n214\n, 149 (WRC-07)\n215\n, 355 (WRC-07)\n216\n and 905 (WRC-07)\n217. (WRC-12)\n\n59.11 The other provisions of these Regulations, as revised by WRC-12, shall enter into\n                                          force on 1\u00a0January 2013, with the following exceptions: (WRC-12)\n\n59.12 \u2212 the revised provisions for which other effective dates of application are stipulated\n                                          in Resolution:\n\n98\u00a0(WRC-12)\n218 (WRC-15)\n\n59.13 The other provisions of these Regulations, as revised by WRC-15, shall enter into\n                                          force on 1\u00a0January 2017, with the following exceptions: (WRC-15)\n\n59.14 \u2212 the revised provisions for which other effective dates of application are stipulated\n                                          in Resolutions: 31\u00a0(WRC-15)219 and 99 (WRC-15)220 (WRC-19)\n\n59.15 The other provisions of these Regulations, as revised by WRC-19, shall enter into\n                                          force on 1\u00a0January 2021, with the following exceptions: (WRC-19)\n\n59.16 \u2212 the revised provisions for which other effective dates of application are stipulated\n                                          in Resolution:\n\n99 (Rev.WRC-19) (WRC-19)"}