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▁Yang li u q ing ▁() ▁is ▁a ▁market ▁town ▁in ▁X i q ing ▁District , ▁in ▁the ▁western ▁sub ur bs ▁of ▁T ian jin , ▁People ' s ▁Republic ▁of ▁China . ▁Despite ▁its ▁relatively ▁small ▁size , ▁it ▁has ▁been ▁named ▁since ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁in ▁the ▁" f am ous ▁historical ▁and ▁cultural ▁market ▁towns ▁in ▁China ". ▁ ▁It ▁is ▁best ▁known ▁in ▁China ▁for ▁creating ▁n ian h ua ▁or ▁Yang li u q ing ▁n ian h ua . ▁For ▁more ▁than ▁ 4 0 0 ▁years , ▁Yang li u q ing ▁has ▁in ▁effect ▁special ised ▁in ▁the ▁creation ▁of ▁these ▁wood cut s ▁for ▁the ▁New ▁Year . ▁ ▁wood ▁block ▁prints ▁using ▁v ivid ▁colour sch emes ▁to ▁port ray ▁traditional ▁scenes ▁of ▁children ' s ▁games ▁often ▁inter w oven ▁with ▁aus p ici ouse ▁objects . ▁ ▁, ▁it ▁had ▁ 2 7 ▁resident ial ▁communities ▁() ▁and ▁ 2 5 ▁villages ▁under ▁its ▁administration . ▁ ▁Sh i ▁Family ▁Grand ▁Cour ty ard ▁ ▁Sh i ▁Family ▁Grand ▁Cour ty ard ▁( T i ā n j ī n ▁Sh í ▁Ji ā ▁D à ▁Yu àn , ▁ 天 津 石 家 大 院 ) ▁is ▁situated ▁in ▁Yang li u q ing ▁Town ▁of ▁X i q ing ▁District , ▁which ▁is ▁the ▁former ▁residence ▁of ▁wealth y ▁merchant ▁Sh i ▁Yu ans hi ▁- ▁the ▁ 4 th ▁son ▁of ▁Sh i ▁W |
anch eng , ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁eight ▁great ▁master s ▁in ▁T ian jin . ▁First ▁built ▁in ▁ 1 8 7 5 , ▁it ▁covers ▁over ▁ 6 , 0 0 0 ▁square ▁meters , ▁including ▁large ▁and ▁small ▁yards ▁and ▁over ▁ 2 0 0 ▁folk ▁houses , ▁a ▁the ater ▁and ▁over ▁ 2 7 5 ▁rooms ▁that ▁served ▁as ▁apart ments ▁and ▁places ▁of ▁business ▁and ▁worship ▁for ▁this ▁powerful ▁family . ▁Sh if u ▁Garden , ▁which ▁finished ▁its ▁expansion ▁in ▁October ▁ 2 0 0 3 , ▁covers ▁ 1 , 2 0 0 ▁square ▁meters , ▁incorpor ates ▁the ▁eleg ance ▁of ▁imperial ▁garden ▁and ▁del ic acy ▁of ▁south ▁garden . ▁Now ▁the ▁cour ty ard ▁of ▁Sh i ▁family ▁covers ▁about ▁ 1 0 , 0 0 0 ▁square ▁meters , ▁which ▁is ▁called ▁the ▁first ▁m ansion ▁in ▁North ▁China . ▁Now ▁it ▁serves ▁as ▁the ▁folk ▁custom ▁museum ▁in ▁Yang li u q ing , ▁which ▁has ▁a ▁large ▁collection ▁of ▁folk ▁custom ▁museum ▁in ▁Yan li u q ing , ▁which ▁has ▁a ▁large ▁collection ▁of ▁folk ▁art ▁pieces ▁like ▁Yan li u q ing ▁New ▁Year ▁pictures , ▁brick ▁sculpt ure . ▁ ▁Sh i ' s ▁ancest or ▁came ▁from ▁D ong ' e ▁County ▁in ▁Sh and ong ▁Province , ▁engaged ▁in ▁water ▁transport ▁of ▁gra in . ▁As ▁the ▁wealth ▁gradually ▁accum ulated , ▁the ▁Sh i ▁Family ▁moved ▁to ▁Yang li u q ing ▁and ▁bought |
▁large ▁tract s ▁of ▁land ▁and ▁set ▁up ▁their ▁residence . ▁Sh i ▁Yu ans hi ▁came ▁from ▁the ▁fourth ▁generation ▁of ▁the ▁family , ▁who ▁was ▁a ▁successful ▁business man ▁and ▁a ▁good ▁household ▁manager , ▁and ▁the ▁residence ▁was ▁thus ▁en larg ed ▁for ▁several ▁times ▁until ▁it ▁acquired ▁the ▁present ▁scale . ▁It ▁is ▁believed ▁to ▁be ▁the ▁first ▁m ansion ▁in ▁the ▁west ▁of ▁T ian jin . ▁ ▁The ▁residence ▁is ▁symmetric ▁based ▁on ▁the ▁axis ▁formed ▁by ▁a ▁passage way ▁in ▁the ▁middle , ▁on ▁which ▁there ▁are ▁four ▁arch ways . ▁On ▁the ▁east ▁side ▁of ▁the ▁cour ty ard , ▁there ▁are ▁traditional ▁single - story ▁houses ▁with ▁rows ▁of ▁rooms ▁around ▁the ▁four ▁sides , ▁which ▁was ▁once ▁the ▁living ▁area ▁for ▁the ▁Sh i ▁Family . ▁The ▁rooms ▁on ▁north ▁side ▁were ▁the ▁account ants ' ▁office . ▁On ▁the ▁west ▁are ▁the ▁major ▁constru ctions ▁including ▁the ▁family ▁hall ▁for ▁wor sh ipping ▁Bud d ha , ▁the ater ▁and ▁the ▁south ▁reception ▁room . ▁On ▁both ▁sides ▁of ▁the ▁residence ▁are ▁side ▁yard ▁rooms ▁for ▁ma ids ▁and ▁servants . ▁ ▁Today , ▁the ▁Sh i ▁m ansion , ▁located ▁in ▁the ▁town ship ▁of ▁Yang li u q ing ▁to ▁the ▁west ▁of ▁central ▁T ian jin , ▁stands ▁as ▁a ▁surprising ly ▁well - pres erved ▁monument ▁to ▁China ' s ▁pre - re volution ▁merc ant ile ▁spirit . ▁It ▁also ▁serves ▁as ▁an ▁on - location ▁shoot |
▁Yang li u q ing ▁() ▁is ▁a ▁market ▁town ▁in ▁X i q ing ▁District , ▁in ▁the ▁western ▁sub ur bs ▁of ▁T ian jin , ▁People ' s ▁Republic ▁of ▁China . ▁Despite ▁its ▁relatively ▁small ▁size , ▁it ▁has ▁been ▁named ▁since ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁in ▁the ▁" f am ous ▁historical ▁and ▁cultural ▁market ▁towns ▁in ▁China ". ▁ ▁It ▁is ▁best ▁known ▁in ▁China ▁for ▁creating ▁n ian h ua ▁or ▁Yang li u q ing ▁n ian h ua . ▁For ▁more ▁than ▁ 4 0 0 ▁years , ▁Yang li u q ing ▁has ▁in ▁effect ▁special ised ▁in ▁the ▁creation ▁of ▁these ▁wood cut s ▁for ▁the ▁New ▁Year . ▁ ▁wood ▁block ▁prints ▁using ▁v ivid ▁colour sch emes ▁to ▁port ray ▁traditional ▁scenes ▁of ▁children ' s ▁games ▁often ▁inter w oven ▁with ▁aus p ici ouse ▁objects . ▁ ▁, ▁it ▁had ▁ 2 7 ▁resident ial ▁communities ▁() ▁and ▁ 2 5 ▁villages ▁under ▁its ▁administration . ▁ ▁Sh i ▁Family ▁Grand ▁Cour ty ard ▁ ▁Sh i ▁Family ▁Grand ▁Cour ty ard ▁( T i ā n j ī n ▁Sh í ▁Ji ā ▁D à ▁Yu àn , ▁ 天 津 石 家 大 院 ) ▁is ▁situated ▁in ▁Yang li u q ing ▁Town ▁of ▁X i q ing ▁District , ▁which ▁is ▁the ▁former ▁residence ▁of ▁wealth y ▁merchant ▁Sh i ▁Yu ans hi ▁- ▁the ▁ 4 th ▁son ▁of ▁Sh i ▁W |
anch eng , ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁eight ▁great ▁master s ▁in ▁T ian jin . ▁First ▁built ▁in ▁ 1 8 7 5 , ▁it ▁covers ▁over ▁ 6 , 0 0 0 ▁square ▁meters , ▁including ▁large ▁and ▁small ▁yards ▁and ▁over ▁ 2 0 0 ▁folk ▁houses , ▁a ▁the ater ▁and ▁over ▁ 2 7 5 ▁rooms ▁that ▁served ▁as ▁apart ments ▁and ▁places ▁of ▁business ▁and ▁worship ▁for ▁this ▁powerful ▁family . ▁Sh if u ▁Garden , ▁which ▁finished ▁its ▁expansion ▁in ▁October ▁ 2 0 0 3 , ▁covers ▁ 1 , 2 0 0 ▁square ▁meters , ▁incorpor ates ▁the ▁eleg ance ▁of ▁imperial ▁garden ▁and ▁del ic acy ▁of ▁south ▁garden . ▁Now ▁the ▁cour ty ard ▁of ▁Sh i ▁family ▁covers ▁about ▁ 1 0 , 0 0 0 ▁square ▁meters , ▁which ▁is ▁called ▁the ▁first ▁m ansion ▁in ▁North ▁China . ▁Now ▁it ▁serves ▁as ▁the ▁folk ▁custom ▁museum ▁in ▁Yang li u q ing , ▁which ▁has ▁a ▁large ▁collection ▁of ▁folk ▁custom ▁museum ▁in ▁Yan li u q ing , ▁which ▁has ▁a ▁large ▁collection ▁of ▁folk ▁art ▁pieces ▁like ▁Yan li u q ing ▁New ▁Year ▁pictures , ▁brick ▁sculpt ure . ▁ ▁Sh i ' s ▁ancest or ▁came ▁from ▁D ong ' e ▁County ▁in ▁Sh and ong ▁Province , ▁engaged ▁in ▁water ▁transport ▁of ▁gra in . ▁As ▁the ▁wealth ▁gradually ▁accum ulated , ▁the ▁Sh i ▁Family ▁moved ▁to ▁Yang li u q ing ▁and ▁bought |
▁large ▁tract s ▁of ▁land ▁and ▁set ▁up ▁their ▁residence . ▁Sh i ▁Yu ans hi ▁came ▁from ▁the ▁fourth ▁generation ▁of ▁the ▁family , ▁who ▁was ▁a ▁successful ▁business man ▁and ▁a ▁good ▁household ▁manager , ▁and ▁the ▁residence ▁was ▁thus ▁en larg ed ▁for ▁several ▁times ▁until ▁it ▁acquired ▁the ▁present ▁scale . ▁It ▁is ▁believed ▁to ▁be ▁the ▁first ▁m ansion ▁in ▁the ▁west ▁of ▁T ian jin . ▁ ▁The ▁residence ▁is ▁symmetric ▁based ▁on ▁the ▁axis ▁formed ▁by ▁a ▁passage way ▁in ▁the ▁middle , ▁on ▁which ▁there ▁are ▁four ▁arch ways . ▁On ▁the ▁east ▁side ▁of ▁the ▁cour ty ard , ▁there ▁are ▁traditional ▁single - story ▁houses ▁with ▁rows ▁of ▁rooms ▁around ▁the ▁four ▁sides , ▁which ▁was ▁once ▁the ▁living ▁area ▁for ▁the ▁Sh i ▁Family . ▁The ▁rooms ▁on ▁north ▁side ▁were ▁the ▁account ants ' ▁office . ▁On ▁the ▁west ▁are ▁the ▁major ▁constru ctions ▁including ▁the ▁family ▁hall ▁for ▁wor sh ipping ▁Bud d ha , ▁the ater ▁and ▁the ▁south ▁reception ▁room . ▁On ▁both ▁sides ▁of ▁the ▁residence ▁are ▁side ▁yard ▁rooms ▁for ▁ma ids ▁and ▁servants . ▁ ▁Today , ▁the ▁Sh i ▁m ansion , ▁located ▁in ▁the ▁town ship ▁of ▁Yang li u q ing ▁to ▁the ▁west ▁of ▁central ▁T ian jin , ▁stands ▁as ▁a ▁surprising ly ▁well - pres erved ▁monument ▁to ▁China ' s ▁pre - re volution ▁merc ant ile ▁spirit . ▁It ▁also ▁serves ▁as ▁an ▁on - location ▁shoot |
▁Yang li u q ing ▁() ▁is ▁a ▁market ▁town ▁in ▁X i q ing ▁District , ▁in ▁the ▁western ▁sub ur bs ▁of ▁T ian jin , ▁People ' s ▁Republic ▁of ▁China . ▁Despite ▁its ▁relatively ▁small ▁size , ▁it ▁has ▁been ▁named ▁since ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁in ▁the ▁" f am ous ▁historical ▁and ▁cultural ▁market ▁towns ▁in ▁China ". ▁ ▁It ▁is ▁best ▁known ▁in ▁China ▁for ▁creating ▁n ian h ua ▁or ▁Yang li u q ing ▁n ian h ua . ▁For ▁more ▁than ▁ 4 0 0 ▁years , ▁Yang li u q ing ▁has ▁in ▁effect ▁special ised ▁in ▁the ▁creation ▁of ▁these ▁wood cut s ▁for ▁the ▁New ▁Year . ▁ ▁wood ▁block ▁prints ▁using ▁v ivid ▁colour sch emes ▁to ▁port ray ▁traditional ▁scenes ▁of ▁children ' s ▁games ▁often ▁inter w oven ▁with ▁aus p ici ouse ▁objects . ▁ ▁, ▁it ▁had ▁ 2 7 ▁resident ial ▁communities ▁() ▁and ▁ 2 5 ▁villages ▁under ▁its ▁administration . ▁ ▁Sh i ▁Family ▁Grand ▁Cour ty ard ▁ ▁Sh i ▁Family ▁Grand ▁Cour ty ard ▁( T i ā n j ī n ▁Sh í ▁Ji ā ▁D à ▁Yu àn , ▁ 天 津 石 家 大 院 ) ▁is ▁situated ▁in ▁Yang li u q ing ▁Town ▁of ▁X i q ing ▁District , ▁which ▁is ▁the ▁former ▁residence ▁of ▁wealth y ▁merchant ▁Sh i ▁Yu ans hi ▁- ▁the ▁ 4 th ▁son ▁of ▁Sh i ▁W |
anch eng , ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁eight ▁great ▁master s ▁in ▁T ian jin . ▁First ▁built ▁in ▁ 1 8 7 5 , ▁it ▁covers ▁over ▁ 6 , 0 0 0 ▁square ▁meters , ▁including ▁large ▁and ▁small ▁yards ▁and ▁over ▁ 2 0 0 ▁folk ▁houses , ▁a ▁the ater ▁and ▁over ▁ 2 7 5 ▁rooms ▁that ▁served ▁as ▁apart ments ▁and ▁places ▁of ▁business ▁and ▁worship ▁for ▁this ▁powerful ▁family . ▁Sh if u ▁Garden , ▁which ▁finished ▁its ▁expansion ▁in ▁October ▁ 2 0 0 3 , ▁covers ▁ 1 , 2 0 0 ▁square ▁meters , ▁incorpor ates ▁the ▁eleg ance ▁of ▁imperial ▁garden ▁and ▁del ic acy ▁of ▁south ▁garden . ▁Now ▁the ▁cour ty ard ▁of ▁Sh i ▁family ▁covers ▁about ▁ 1 0 , 0 0 0 ▁square ▁meters , ▁which ▁is ▁called ▁the ▁first ▁m ansion ▁in ▁North ▁China . ▁Now ▁it ▁serves ▁as ▁the ▁folk ▁custom ▁museum ▁in ▁Yang li u q ing , ▁which ▁has ▁a ▁large ▁collection ▁of ▁folk ▁custom ▁museum ▁in ▁Yan li u q ing , ▁which ▁has ▁a ▁large ▁collection ▁of ▁folk ▁art ▁pieces ▁like ▁Yan li u q ing ▁New ▁Year ▁pictures , ▁brick ▁sculpt ure . ▁ ▁Sh i ' s ▁ancest or ▁came ▁from ▁D ong ' e ▁County ▁in ▁Sh and ong ▁Province , ▁engaged ▁in ▁water ▁transport ▁of ▁gra in . ▁As ▁the ▁wealth ▁gradually ▁accum ulated , ▁the ▁Sh i ▁Family ▁moved ▁to ▁Yang li u q ing ▁and ▁bought |
▁large ▁tract s ▁of ▁land ▁and ▁set ▁up ▁their ▁residence . ▁Sh i ▁Yu ans hi ▁came ▁from ▁the ▁fourth ▁generation ▁of ▁the ▁family , ▁who ▁was ▁a ▁successful ▁business man ▁and ▁a ▁good ▁household ▁manager , ▁and ▁the ▁residence ▁was ▁thus ▁en larg ed ▁for ▁several ▁times ▁until ▁it ▁acquired ▁the ▁present ▁scale . ▁It ▁is ▁believed ▁to ▁be ▁the ▁first ▁m ansion ▁in ▁the ▁west ▁of ▁T ian jin . ▁ ▁The ▁residence ▁is ▁symmetric ▁based ▁on ▁the ▁axis ▁formed ▁by ▁a ▁passage way ▁in ▁the ▁middle , ▁on ▁which ▁there ▁are ▁four ▁arch ways . ▁On ▁the ▁east ▁side ▁of ▁the ▁cour ty ard , ▁there ▁are ▁traditional ▁single - story ▁houses ▁with ▁rows ▁of ▁rooms ▁around ▁the ▁four ▁sides , ▁which ▁was ▁once ▁the ▁living ▁area ▁for ▁the ▁Sh i ▁Family . ▁The ▁rooms ▁on ▁north ▁side ▁were ▁the ▁account ants ' ▁office . ▁On ▁the ▁west ▁are ▁the ▁major ▁constru ctions ▁including ▁the ▁family ▁hall ▁for ▁wor sh ipping ▁Bud d ha , ▁the ater ▁and ▁the ▁south ▁reception ▁room . ▁On ▁both ▁sides ▁of ▁the ▁residence ▁are ▁side ▁yard ▁rooms ▁for ▁ma ids ▁and ▁servants . ▁ ▁Today , ▁the ▁Sh i ▁m ansion , ▁located ▁in ▁the ▁town ship ▁of ▁Yang li u q ing ▁to ▁the ▁west ▁of ▁central ▁T ian jin , ▁stands ▁as ▁a ▁surprising ly ▁well - pres erved ▁monument ▁to ▁China ' s ▁pre - re volution ▁merc ant ile ▁spirit . ▁It ▁also ▁serves ▁as ▁an ▁on - location ▁shoot |
▁Yang li u q ing ▁() ▁is ▁a ▁market ▁town ▁in ▁X i q ing ▁District , ▁in ▁the ▁western ▁sub ur bs ▁of ▁T ian jin , ▁People ' s ▁Republic ▁of ▁China . ▁Despite ▁its ▁relatively ▁small ▁size , ▁it ▁has ▁been ▁named ▁since ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁in ▁the ▁" f am ous ▁historical ▁and ▁cultural ▁market ▁towns ▁in ▁China ". ▁ ▁It ▁is ▁best ▁known ▁in ▁China ▁for ▁creating ▁n ian h ua ▁or ▁Yang li u q ing ▁n ian h ua . ▁For ▁more ▁than ▁ 4 0 0 ▁years , ▁Yang li u q ing ▁has ▁in ▁effect ▁special ised ▁in ▁the ▁creation ▁of ▁these ▁wood cut s ▁for ▁the ▁New ▁Year . ▁ ▁wood ▁block ▁prints ▁using ▁v ivid ▁colour sch emes ▁to ▁port ray ▁traditional ▁scenes ▁of ▁children ' s ▁games ▁often ▁inter w oven ▁with ▁aus p ici ouse ▁objects . ▁ ▁, ▁it ▁had ▁ 2 7 ▁resident ial ▁communities ▁() ▁and ▁ 2 5 ▁villages ▁under ▁its ▁administration . ▁ ▁Sh i ▁Family ▁Grand ▁Cour ty ard ▁ ▁Sh i ▁Family ▁Grand ▁Cour ty ard ▁( T i ā n j ī n ▁Sh í ▁Ji ā ▁D à ▁Yu àn , ▁ 天 津 石 家 大 院 ) ▁is ▁situated ▁in ▁Yang li u q ing ▁Town ▁of ▁X i q ing ▁District , ▁which ▁is ▁the ▁former ▁residence ▁of ▁wealth y ▁merchant ▁Sh i ▁Yu ans hi ▁- ▁the ▁ 4 th ▁son ▁of ▁Sh i ▁W |
anch eng , ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁eight ▁great ▁master s ▁in ▁T ian jin . ▁First ▁built ▁in ▁ 1 8 7 5 , ▁it ▁covers ▁over ▁ 6 , 0 0 0 ▁square ▁meters , ▁including ▁large ▁and ▁small ▁yards ▁and ▁over ▁ 2 0 0 ▁folk ▁houses , ▁a ▁the ater ▁and ▁over ▁ 2 7 5 ▁rooms ▁that ▁served ▁as ▁apart ments ▁and ▁places ▁of ▁business ▁and ▁worship ▁for ▁this ▁powerful ▁family . ▁Sh if u ▁Garden , ▁which ▁finished ▁its ▁expansion ▁in ▁October ▁ 2 0 0 3 , ▁covers ▁ 1 , 2 0 0 ▁square ▁meters , ▁incorpor ates ▁the ▁eleg ance ▁of ▁imperial ▁garden ▁and ▁del ic acy ▁of ▁south ▁garden . ▁Now ▁the ▁cour ty ard ▁of ▁Sh i ▁family ▁covers ▁about ▁ 1 0 , 0 0 0 ▁square ▁meters , ▁which ▁is ▁called ▁the ▁first ▁m ansion ▁in ▁North ▁China . ▁Now ▁it ▁serves ▁as ▁the ▁folk ▁custom ▁museum ▁in ▁Yang li u q ing , ▁which ▁has ▁a ▁large ▁collection ▁of ▁folk ▁custom ▁museum ▁in ▁Yan li u q ing , ▁which ▁has ▁a ▁large ▁collection ▁of ▁folk ▁art ▁pieces ▁like ▁Yan li u q ing ▁New ▁Year ▁pictures , ▁brick ▁sculpt ure . ▁ ▁Sh i ' s ▁ancest or ▁came ▁from ▁D ong ' e ▁County ▁in ▁Sh and ong ▁Province , ▁engaged ▁in ▁water ▁transport ▁of ▁gra in . ▁As ▁the ▁wealth ▁gradually ▁accum ulated , ▁the ▁Sh i ▁Family ▁moved ▁to ▁Yang li u q ing ▁and ▁bought |
▁large ▁tract s ▁of ▁land ▁and ▁set ▁up ▁their ▁residence . ▁Sh i ▁Yu ans hi ▁came ▁from ▁the ▁fourth ▁generation ▁of ▁the ▁family , ▁who ▁was ▁a ▁successful ▁business man ▁and ▁a ▁good ▁household ▁manager , ▁and ▁the ▁residence ▁was ▁thus ▁en larg ed ▁for ▁several ▁times ▁until ▁it ▁acquired ▁the ▁present ▁scale . ▁It ▁is ▁believed ▁to ▁be ▁the ▁first ▁m ansion ▁in ▁the ▁west ▁of ▁T ian jin . ▁ ▁The ▁residence ▁is ▁symmetric ▁based ▁on ▁the ▁axis ▁formed ▁by ▁a ▁passage way ▁in ▁the ▁middle , ▁on ▁which ▁there ▁are ▁four ▁arch ways . ▁On ▁the ▁east ▁side ▁of ▁the ▁cour ty ard , ▁there ▁are ▁traditional ▁single - story ▁houses ▁with ▁rows ▁of ▁rooms ▁around ▁the ▁four ▁sides , ▁which ▁was ▁once ▁the ▁living ▁area ▁for ▁the ▁Sh i ▁Family . ▁The ▁rooms ▁on ▁north ▁side ▁were ▁the ▁account ants ' ▁office . ▁On ▁the ▁west ▁are ▁the ▁major ▁constru ctions ▁including ▁the ▁family ▁hall ▁for ▁wor sh ipping ▁Bud d ha , ▁the ater ▁and ▁the ▁south ▁reception ▁room . ▁On ▁both ▁sides ▁of ▁the ▁residence ▁are ▁side ▁yard ▁rooms ▁for ▁ma ids ▁and ▁servants . ▁ ▁Today , ▁the ▁Sh i ▁m ansion , ▁located ▁in ▁the ▁town ship ▁of ▁Yang li u q ing ▁to ▁the ▁west ▁of ▁central ▁T ian jin , ▁stands ▁as ▁a ▁surprising ly ▁well - pres erved ▁monument ▁to ▁China ' s ▁pre - re volution ▁merc ant ile ▁spirit . ▁It ▁also ▁serves ▁as ▁an ▁on - location ▁shoot |
▁for ▁many ▁of ▁China ' s ▁popular ▁historical ▁dram as . ▁Many ▁of ▁the ▁rooms ▁feature ▁period ▁furn iture , ▁paint ings ▁and ▁call ig raph y , ▁and ▁the ▁extensive ▁Sh if u ▁Garden . ▁ ▁Part ▁of ▁the ▁complex ▁has ▁been ▁turned ▁into ▁the ▁Yang li u q ing ▁Museum , ▁which ▁includes ▁displays ▁focused ▁on ▁symbol ic ▁aspects ▁of ▁the ▁cour ty ards ' ▁ ▁construction , ▁local ▁folk ▁art ▁and ▁custom s , ▁and ▁traditional ▁period ▁furn ish ings ▁and ▁craft s . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁List ▁of ▁town ship - level ▁divisions ▁of ▁T ian jin ▁ ▁References ▁▁▁ ▁http :// arts . c ult ural - ch ina . com / en / 6 5 Ar ts 4 7 9 5 . html ▁ ▁Category : T own s ▁in ▁T ian jin <0x0A> </s> ▁O ran a ▁Australia ▁Ltd ▁is ▁a ▁not - for - pro fit ▁organisation ▁that ▁provides ▁a ▁diverse ▁range ▁of ▁training ▁and ▁support ▁services ▁to ▁over ▁ 6 5 0 ▁people ▁with ▁dis abilities ▁and ▁their ▁families ▁in ▁South ▁Australia . ▁ ▁History ▁The ▁M ent ally ▁Ret arded ▁Children ’ s ▁Society ▁of ▁SA ▁Inc . ▁was ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 0 ▁by ▁a ▁group ▁of ▁parents ▁who ▁wanted ▁education , ▁employ ment ▁and ▁accommod ation ▁opportun ities ▁for ▁their ▁children ▁within ▁the ▁local ▁community ▁at ▁a ▁time ▁when ▁institution al ised ▁care ▁in ▁Ad ela ide ▁was ▁their ▁only ▁alternative . ▁ ▁The ▁society ’ s ▁a |
ims ▁were ▁to ▁seek ▁education ▁or ▁training ▁facilities ▁for ▁people ▁with ▁intellectual ▁dis abilities , ▁to ▁establish ▁shelter ed ▁work sh ops , ▁and ▁to ▁establish ▁resident ial ▁host els . ▁ ▁A ▁number ▁of ▁shelter ed ▁work sh ops ▁were ▁established , ▁and ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 0 , ▁the ▁name ▁was ▁changed ▁to ▁the ▁Ab original ▁word ▁" O ran a ", ▁which ▁means ▁" Wel come ". ▁ ▁Today , ▁O ran a ▁provides ▁assist ed ▁employ ment , ▁assist ed ▁accommod ation ▁and ▁resp ite ▁services ▁to ▁people ▁with ▁intellectual ▁dis abilities . ▁ ▁O ran a ' s ▁current ▁and ▁previous ▁clients ▁include ▁M its ub ishi ▁Mot ors , ▁C li ps al , ▁R AA , ▁E ld ers ▁Limited , ▁and ▁Billy cart ▁K ids . ▁ ▁O ran a ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁dis ability ▁service ▁organis ations ▁to ▁achieve ▁Qu ality ▁Acc red itation . ▁ ▁The ▁services ▁and ▁products ▁they ▁offer ▁are : ▁▁ ▁Pack aging ▁ ▁Assembly ▁ ▁S ew ing ▁ ▁Coll ating ▁& ▁Mail ing ▁ ▁F urn iture ▁- ▁Ret ail ▁ ▁F urn iture ▁– ▁Man ufact ure ▁for ▁Com mer cial ▁Market ▁ ▁W orm ▁Farm ing ▁ ▁Work ▁C rew s ▁ ▁Pet ▁& ▁Gra in ▁– ▁Ret ail ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁after ▁ 6 5 ▁years ▁of ▁better ing ▁people ’ s ▁lives , ▁O ran a ▁identified ▁a ▁community ▁need ▁and ▁expanded ▁their ▁operations ▁into ▁the |
▁aged ▁care ▁sector . ▁ ▁After ▁the ▁un ve iling ▁of ▁the ▁Australian ▁Government ’ s ▁Commonwealth ▁Home ▁Support ▁Program me ▁( CH SP ) ▁and ▁seeing ▁it ▁as ▁a ▁natural ▁step ▁of ▁pro gression , ▁O ran a ▁now ▁provides ▁quality ▁tail ored ▁aged ▁care ▁at ▁home . ▁ ▁The ▁well - res our ced ▁organization ▁del ivers ▁help ▁across ▁a ▁range ▁of ▁areas , ▁helping ▁the ▁elder ly ▁remain ▁where ▁they ▁want ▁to ▁be ▁- ▁in ▁the ▁comfort ▁of ▁their ▁own ▁home ▁during ▁their ▁later ▁years . ▁ ▁O ran a ▁continues ▁with ▁its ▁mission ▁to ▁support ▁people ▁remain ▁independent , ▁val ued ▁and ▁product ive ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁community . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : Dis ability ▁organis ations ▁based ▁in ▁Australia ▁Category : Organ is ations ▁based ▁in ▁South ▁Australia <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁St . ▁Mary ' s ▁Church ▁is ▁a ▁church ▁owned ▁by ▁the ▁Church ▁of ▁Den mark ▁in ▁S ø nder borg , ▁Den mark ▁and ▁the ▁church ▁of ▁the ▁parish ▁with ▁the ▁same ▁name . ▁Thanks ▁to ▁its ▁location ▁on ▁a ▁hill , ▁the ▁church ▁building ▁is ▁very ▁icon ic ▁for ▁the ▁city . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁Middle ▁A ges ▁there ▁was ▁a ▁le per ▁col ony ▁on ▁a ▁hill ▁just ▁outside ▁the ▁city . ▁It ▁was ▁named ▁after ▁Saint ▁George ▁and ▁around ▁ 1 3 0 0 ▁the ▁chap el ▁of ▁this ▁le per ▁col ony ▁stood ▁in ▁the ▁place ▁of ▁the ▁present ▁St . ▁Mary ' s ▁Church . |
▁After ▁the ▁old ▁parish ▁church ▁of ▁the ▁city , ▁the ▁St . ▁Nicholas ▁Church , ▁was ▁demol ished ▁around ▁ 1 5 3 0 , ▁the ▁Saint - Ge orge ▁chap el ▁became ▁the ▁new ▁main ▁church . ▁Tow ards ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 6 th ▁century , ▁John ▁II , ▁Duke ▁of ▁Schles wig - Hol stein - S onder burg ▁commission ed ▁the ▁en larg ement ▁of ▁the ▁building ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁make ▁it ▁suitable ▁for ▁the ▁function ▁of ▁the ▁parish ▁church ▁of ▁his ▁city . ▁ ▁The ▁current ▁St . ▁Mary ' s ▁Church ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 5 9 5 ▁a ▁start ▁was ▁made ▁on ▁the ▁partial ▁demol ition ▁of ▁the ▁old ▁church ▁and ▁the ▁construction ▁of ▁the ▁new ▁church . ▁Only ▁parts ▁of ▁the ▁old ▁medieval ▁church ▁remained . ▁From ▁the ▁medieval ▁church , ▁a ▁medieval ▁wooden ▁wall ▁cup board ▁d ating ▁from ▁about ▁ 1 4 0 0 ▁remained . ▁The ▁solemn ▁inaug uration ▁of ▁the ▁new ▁parish ▁church ▁took ▁place ▁just ▁before ▁Christmas ▁in ▁ 1 6 0 0 . ▁In ▁ 1 6 4 9 ▁the ▁George ▁Church ▁was ▁renamed ▁as ▁the ▁Mary ▁Church . ▁The ▁name ▁of ▁Saint ▁George ▁stayed ▁in ▁the ▁Dan ish ▁names ▁Sank t ▁J ør gens g ade ▁and ▁J ør gens b jer g . ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : Build ings ▁and ▁structures ▁in ▁S ø nder borg ▁Municip ality ▁Category : Ch urch es ▁in ▁Den mark ▁Category : Ch urch ▁of ▁Den mark ▁churches |
<0x0A> </s> ▁Kal it ta ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁ ▁Con nie ▁Kal it ta ▁( born ▁ 1 9 3 8 ), ▁a ▁retired ▁American ▁drag ▁rac er ▁and ▁CE O ▁of ▁the ▁e pon ym ous ▁K all ita ▁Air . ▁Doug ▁Kal it ta ▁( born ▁ 1 9 6 4 ), ▁an ▁American ▁drag ▁rac er , ▁nep hew ▁of ▁Con nie ▁Kal it ta ▁and ▁owner ▁of ▁Kal it ta ▁Char ters . ▁Scott ▁Kal it ta ▁( 1 9 6 2 - 2 0 0 8 ), ▁an ▁American ▁drag ▁rac er ▁and ▁son ▁of ▁Con nie ▁Kal it ta . ▁Kal it ta ▁Air , ▁a ▁cargo ▁air line ▁flying ▁Bo eing ▁ 7 4 7 ▁aircraft . ▁Kal it ta ▁Char ters , ▁a ▁cargo ▁air line ▁flying ▁medium - s ized ▁aircraft . <0x0A> </s> ▁Where ▁Is ▁Fre edom ? ▁() ▁is ▁a ▁ 1 9 5 4 ▁Italian ▁comedy - d rama ▁film ▁directed ▁by ▁Roberto ▁Ross ell ini . ▁▁▁ ▁The ▁film ▁had ▁a ▁trouble d ▁production ▁because , ▁after ▁shooting ▁some ▁scenes , ▁Ross ell ini ▁lost ▁interest ▁in ▁the ▁film ▁and ▁abandoned ▁the ▁set . ▁The ▁work ▁was ▁completed ▁after ▁about ▁a ▁year , ▁mainly ▁from ▁Mario ▁Mon ic elli , ▁with ▁some ▁scenes ▁also ▁shot ▁by ▁Lu cio ▁Ful ci ▁and ▁Feder ico ▁F ell ini . ▁Despite ▁that , ▁Ross ell ini ▁is ▁the ▁sole ▁cred ited ▁director ▁of ▁the ▁film . ▁ ▁Plot ▁ ▁D iff icult |
ies ▁and ▁troubles ▁of ▁an ▁ex - conv ict . ▁Em bit tered ▁and ▁dis ill usion ed ▁by ▁life , ▁he ▁will ▁soon ▁plan ▁his ▁return ▁to ▁prison . ▁ ▁Cast ▁ ▁Tot ò : ▁Salv atore ▁Lo ▁Ja cono ▁ ▁V era ▁Mol nar : ▁Ag nes ina ▁ ▁N ita ▁D over : ▁ ▁mar aton eta ▁di ▁dan za ▁ ▁Fran ca ▁F ald ini : ▁Maria ▁ ▁Leopold o ▁Tri este : ▁Abr amo ▁Pi per no ▁ ▁Antonio ▁Nic ot ra : ▁mar es cial lo ▁ ▁Sal vo ▁Lib ass i : ▁ ▁mar es cial lo ▁# 2 ▁ ▁Gia como ▁R ond in ella : ▁ ▁car cer ato ▁ ▁U go ▁D ' A less io : ▁ ▁gi ud ice ▁Mario ▁Cast ell ani : ▁pubblic o ▁minister o ▁ ▁V inc en zo ▁Tal ar ico : ▁av v oc ato ▁dif ens ore ▁Pietro ▁Carl oni : ▁ ▁Pietro ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 5 4 ▁films ▁Category : Ital ian ▁comedy - d rama ▁films ▁Category : 1 9 5 0 s ▁comedy - d rama ▁films ▁Category : Fil ms ▁directed ▁by ▁Roberto ▁Ross ell ini ▁Category : Comm edia ▁all ' ital iana ▁Category : Fil ms ▁set ▁in ▁Rome ▁Category : Ital ian ▁films ▁Category : Fil ms ▁produced ▁by ▁D ino ▁De ▁Laur enti is ▁Category : Fil ms ▁produced ▁by ▁Carlo ▁Pont i <0x0A> </s> ▁Latin ▁lit urg ical |
▁r ites , ▁or ▁Western ▁lit urg ical ▁r ites , ▁are ▁Catholic ▁lit urg ical ▁r ites ▁employed ▁by ▁the ▁Latin ▁Church , ▁the ▁largest ▁particular ▁church ▁su i ▁i ur is ▁of ▁the ▁Catholic ▁Church , ▁that ▁origin ated ▁in ▁Europe ▁where ▁the ▁Latin ▁language ▁once ▁domin ated . ▁Its ▁language ▁is ▁now ▁known ▁as ▁E cc les iast ical ▁Latin . ▁The ▁most ▁used ▁r ite ▁is ▁the ▁Roman ▁R ite . ▁ ▁The ▁Latin ▁r ites ▁were ▁for ▁many ▁centuries ▁no ▁less ▁numerous ▁than ▁the ▁lit urg ical ▁r ites ▁of ▁the ▁Eastern ▁autonom ous ▁particular ▁Church es . ▁Their ▁number ▁is ▁now ▁much ▁reduced . ▁In ▁the ▁after math ▁of ▁the ▁Council ▁of ▁Tr ent , ▁in ▁ 1 5 6 8 ▁and ▁ 1 5 7 0 ▁Pope ▁P ius ▁V ▁suppress ed ▁the ▁Bre vi aries ▁and ▁Miss als ▁that ▁could ▁not ▁be ▁shown ▁to ▁have ▁an ▁anti qu ity ▁of ▁at ▁least ▁two ▁centuries ▁( see ▁Tr ident ine ▁Mass ▁and ▁Roman ▁Miss al ). ▁Many ▁local ▁r ites ▁that ▁remained ▁legit imate ▁even ▁after ▁this ▁dec ree ▁were ▁abandoned ▁volunt arily , ▁especially ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 th ▁century . ▁In ▁the ▁second ▁half ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 th ▁century , ▁most ▁of ▁the ▁religious ▁orders ▁that ▁had ▁a ▁distinct ▁lit urg ical ▁r ite ▁chose ▁to ▁adopt ▁in ▁its ▁place ▁the ▁Roman ▁R ite ▁as ▁re vised ▁in ▁accord ance ▁with ▁the ▁decre es ▁of ▁the ▁Second ▁V at ican ▁Council |
▁( see ▁Mass ▁of ▁Paul ▁VI ). ▁A ▁few ▁such ▁lit urg ical ▁r ites ▁persist ▁today ▁for ▁the ▁celebr ation ▁of ▁Mass , ▁since ▁ 1 9 6 5 – 1 9 7 0 ▁in ▁re vised ▁forms , ▁but ▁the ▁distinct ▁lit urg ical ▁r ites ▁for ▁celebr ating ▁the ▁other ▁sacr aments ▁have ▁been ▁almost ▁completely ▁abandoned . ▁ ▁Lit urg ical ▁r ites ▁currently ▁in ▁use ▁within ▁the ▁Latin ▁Church ▁ ▁Roman ▁R ite ▁ ▁The ▁Roman ▁R ite ▁is ▁by ▁far ▁the ▁most ▁widely ▁used . ▁Like ▁other ▁lit urg ical ▁r ites , ▁it ▁developed ▁over ▁time , ▁with ▁newer ▁forms ▁replacing ▁the ▁older . ▁It ▁under w ent ▁many ▁changes ▁in ▁the ▁first ▁mill en ni um ▁and ▁a ▁half ▁of ▁its ▁existence ▁( see ▁Pre - Tr ident ine ▁Mass ). ▁The ▁forms ▁that ▁Pope ▁P ius ▁V , ▁as ▁requested ▁by ▁the ▁Council ▁of ▁Tr ent , ▁established ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 5 6 0 s ▁and ▁ 1 5 7 0 s ▁under w ent ▁repeated ▁minor ▁variations ▁in ▁the ▁centuries ▁immediately ▁following . ▁Each ▁new ▁typical ▁edition ▁( the ▁edition ▁to ▁which ▁other ▁print ings ▁are ▁to ▁conform ) ▁of ▁the ▁Roman ▁Miss al ▁( see ▁Tr ident ine ▁Mass ) ▁and ▁of ▁the ▁other ▁lit urg ical ▁books ▁su pers eded ▁the ▁previous ▁one . ▁ ▁The ▁ 2 0 th ▁century ▁saw ▁more ▁prof ound ▁changes . ▁Pope ▁P ius ▁X ▁rad ically ▁re arr anged ▁the ▁Ps alter ▁of |
▁the ▁Bre vi ary ▁and ▁alter ed ▁the ▁rub rics ▁of ▁the ▁Mass . ▁Later ▁pop es ▁continued ▁to ▁make ▁such ▁changes , ▁beginning ▁with ▁Pope ▁P ius ▁XII , ▁who ▁significantly ▁re vised ▁the ▁Holy ▁Week ▁cer emon ies ▁and ▁certain ▁other ▁aspects ▁of ▁the ▁Roman ▁Miss al ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 5 . ▁ ▁Ord inary ▁Form ▁ ▁The ▁Second ▁V at ican ▁Council ▁( 1 9 6 2 – 1 9 6 5 ) ▁was ▁followed ▁by ▁a ▁general ▁revision ▁of ▁the ▁r ites ▁of ▁all ▁the ▁Roman ▁R ite ▁sacr aments , ▁including ▁the ▁E uchar ist . ▁As ▁before , ▁each ▁new ▁typical ▁edition ▁of ▁an ▁official ▁lit urg ical ▁book ▁su pers edes ▁the ▁previous ▁one . ▁Thus , ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 0 ▁Roman ▁Miss al , ▁which ▁su pers eded ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 2 ▁edition , ▁was ▁su pers eded ▁by ▁the ▁edition ▁of ▁ 1 9 7 5 . ▁The ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁edition ▁in ▁turn ▁su pers edes ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 5 ▁edition ▁both ▁in ▁Latin ▁and , ▁as ▁official ▁transl ations ▁into ▁each ▁language ▁appear , ▁also ▁in ▁the ▁vern ac ular ▁languages . ▁Under ▁the ▁terms ▁of ▁Sum mor um ▁Pont ific um ▁by ▁Pope ▁Bened ict ▁XVI , ▁the ▁Mass ▁of ▁Paul ▁VI ▁is ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁Ord inary ▁Form ▁of ▁the ▁Roman ▁R ite . ▁ ▁Ext ra ordinary ▁Form ▁ ▁The ▁Tr ident ine ▁Mass , ▁as ▁in ▁the ▁ |
1 9 6 2 ▁Roman ▁Miss al , ▁is ▁still ▁author ized ▁for ▁use ▁as ▁an ▁extraordinary ▁form ▁of ▁the ▁Roman ▁R ite ▁under ▁the ▁conditions ▁indicated ▁in ▁the ▁document ▁Sum mor um ▁Pont ific um . ▁ ▁Ord in ari ate ▁Use ▁ ▁The ▁Ord in ari ate ▁Use ▁is ▁a ▁form ▁or ▁variation ▁of ▁the ▁Roman ▁R ite , ▁rather ▁than ▁a ▁unique ▁r ite ▁itself . ▁During ▁the ▁Lit ur gy ▁of ▁the ▁E uchar ist , ▁especially ▁the ▁E uchar istic ▁P ray er , ▁it ▁is ▁closest ▁to ▁other ▁forms ▁of ▁the ▁Roman ▁R ite , ▁while ▁it ▁diff ers ▁more ▁during ▁the ▁Lit ur gy ▁of ▁the ▁Word ▁and ▁the ▁Pen it ential ▁R ite . ▁The ▁language ▁used , ▁which ▁diff ers ▁from ▁that ▁of ▁the ▁I CE L ▁translation ▁of ▁the ▁Roman ▁R ite ▁of ▁Mass , ▁is ▁based ▁upon ▁the ▁Book ▁of ▁Common ▁P ray er , ▁originally ▁written ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 6 th ▁century . ▁Prior ▁to ▁the ▁establishment ▁of ▁the ▁personal ▁ordin ari ates , ▁par ishes ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁were ▁called ▁" Ang lic an ▁Use " ▁and ▁used ▁the ▁Book ▁of ▁Div ine ▁Wor ship , ▁an ▁adaptation ▁of ▁the ▁Book ▁of ▁Common ▁P ray er . ▁The ▁Book ▁of ▁Div ine ▁Wor ship ▁has ▁been ▁replaced ▁with ▁the ▁similar ▁Div ine ▁Wor ship : ▁The ▁Miss al ▁for ▁use ▁in ▁the ▁ordin ari ates ▁world wide . ▁Ang lic an ▁lit urg ical ▁rit uals , ▁whether |
▁those ▁used ▁in ▁the ▁ordin ari ates ▁of ▁the ▁Catholic ▁Church ▁or ▁in ▁the ▁various ▁prayer ▁books ▁and ▁miss als ▁of ▁the ▁Ang lic an ▁Comm union ▁and ▁other ▁denomin ations ▁trace ▁their ▁origin ▁back ▁to ▁the ▁Sar um ▁Use , ▁which ▁was ▁a ▁variation ▁of ▁the ▁Roman ▁R ite ▁used ▁in ▁England ▁before ▁introduction ▁during ▁the ▁reign ▁of ▁Edward ▁VI ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 5 4 9 ▁Book ▁of ▁Common ▁P ray er , ▁following ▁the ▁break ▁from ▁the ▁Roman ▁church ▁under ▁the ▁previous ▁monarch ▁Henry ▁VIII . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁United ▁States , ▁under ▁a ▁Past oral ▁Pro vision ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 0 , ▁personal ▁par ishes ▁were ▁established ▁that ▁introduced ▁adapted ▁Ang lic an ▁trad itions ▁to ▁the ▁Catholic ▁Church ▁from ▁members ' ▁former ▁Epis cop al ▁par ishes . ▁That ▁provision ▁also ▁permitted , ▁as ▁an ▁exception ▁and ▁on ▁a ▁case ▁by ▁case ▁basis , ▁the ▁ord ination ▁of ▁married ▁former ▁Epis cop al ▁minister s ▁as ▁Catholic ▁pri ests . ▁As ▁personal ▁par ishes , ▁these ▁par ishes ▁were ▁formerly ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁local ▁Roman ▁Catholic ▁dioc ese , ▁but ▁accepted ▁as ▁members ▁any ▁former ▁Ang lic an ▁who ▁wished ▁to ▁make ▁use ▁of ▁the ▁provision . ▁ ▁On ▁ 9 ▁November ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁Pope ▁Bened ict ▁XVI ▁established ▁a ▁world wide ▁provision ▁for ▁Ang lic ans ▁who ▁joined ▁the ▁church . ▁This ▁process ▁set ▁up ▁personal ▁ordin ari ates ▁for ▁former ▁Ang lic ans ▁and ▁other ▁persons ▁entering ▁the ▁full ▁commun |
ion ▁of ▁the ▁Catholic ▁Church . ▁These ▁ordin ari ates ▁would ▁be ▁similar ▁to ▁dioc eses , ▁but ▁en comp ass ing ▁entire ▁regions ▁or ▁nations . ▁Par ishes ▁belonging ▁to ▁an ▁ordin ari ate ▁would ▁not ▁be ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁local ▁dioc ese . ▁These ▁ordin ari ates ▁are ▁charged ▁with ▁maintain ing ▁the ▁Ang lic an ▁lit urg ical , ▁spiritual ▁and ▁past oral ▁trad itions , ▁and ▁they ▁have ▁full ▁fac ult ies ▁to ▁celebr ate ▁the ▁E uchar ist ▁and ▁the ▁other ▁sacr aments , ▁the ▁Lit ur gy ▁of ▁the ▁H ours ▁and ▁other ▁lit urg ical ▁functions ▁in ▁accord ance ▁with ▁the ▁lit urg ical ▁books ▁proper ▁to ▁Ang lic an ▁tradition , ▁in ▁revis ions ▁approved ▁by ▁the ▁Holy ▁See . ▁This ▁fac ulty ▁does ▁not ▁exclude ▁lit urg ical ▁celebr ations ▁according ▁to ▁the ▁Roman ▁R ite . ▁ ▁The ▁Personal ▁Ord in ari ate ▁of ▁Our ▁Lady ▁of ▁W als ingham ▁was ▁set ▁up ▁for ▁England ▁and ▁Wales ▁on ▁ 1 5 ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁and ▁the ▁Personal ▁Ord in ari ate ▁of ▁the ▁Chair ▁of ▁Saint ▁Peter ▁for ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁and ▁Canada ▁on ▁ 1 ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁and ▁the ▁Personal ▁Ord in ari ate ▁of ▁Our ▁Lady ▁of ▁the ▁Southern ▁Cross ▁for ▁Australia ▁on ▁ 1 5 ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 2 . ▁As ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁it ▁was ▁decre ed ▁that ▁all ▁par ishes ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States |
▁established ▁under ▁the ▁Past oral ▁Pro vision ▁be ▁transferred ▁to ▁the ▁Ord in ari ate . ▁Bishop ▁Steven ▁L op es ▁of ▁the ▁Personal ▁Ord in ari ate ▁of ▁the ▁Chair ▁of ▁Saint ▁Peter ▁has ▁requested ▁that ▁terms ▁such ▁as ▁" Ang lic an ▁Use " ▁and ▁" Ang lic an ▁Ord in ari ate " ▁be ▁avoided , ▁saying ▁" O ur ▁cler gy ▁and ▁faithful ▁do ▁not ▁like ▁being ▁called ▁Ang lic an , ▁both ▁because ▁this ▁is ▁ins ens itive ▁to ▁actual ▁Ang lic ans , ▁and ▁because ▁it ▁is ▁a ▁subt le ▁way ▁of ▁suggesting ▁that ▁their ▁entrance ▁into ▁full ▁commun ion ▁is ▁less ▁that ▁total . ▁We ▁are ▁Catholic ▁in ▁every ▁sense ." ▁ ▁Alg on qu ian ▁and ▁I ro qu o ian ▁Us es ▁ ▁Also ▁called ▁" Ind ian ▁Mass es ", ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁variations ▁on ▁the ▁Roman ▁R ite ▁developed ▁in ▁the ▁Indian ▁miss ions ▁of ▁Canada ▁and ▁the ▁United ▁States . ▁These ▁origin ated ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 7 th ▁century , ▁and ▁some ▁remained ▁in ▁use ▁until ▁the ▁Second ▁V at ican ▁Council . ▁The ▁priest ' s ▁parts ▁remained ▁in ▁Latin , ▁while ▁the ▁ordin aries ▁s ung ▁by ▁the ▁cho ir ▁were ▁translated ▁into ▁the ▁vern ac ular ▁( e . g ., ▁Moh awk , ▁Alg on quin , ▁Mic mac , ▁and ▁Hur on ). ▁They ▁also ▁generally ▁featured ▁a ▁reduced ▁cycle ▁of ▁native - language ▁prop ers ▁and ▁h ym ns . ▁At ▁present ▁they ▁are |
▁rarely ▁used . ▁ ▁Z aire ▁Use ▁ ▁The ▁Z aire ▁Use ▁is ▁an ▁inc ultur ated ▁variation ▁of ▁the ▁Ord inary ▁Form ▁of ▁the ▁Roman ▁R ite ▁of ▁the ▁Roman ▁Catholic ▁Church . ▁It ▁has ▁been ▁used ▁to ▁a ▁very ▁limited ▁extent ▁in ▁some ▁African ▁countries ▁since ▁the ▁late ▁ 1 9 7 0 s . ▁ ▁Western ▁R ites ▁of ▁" G all ican " ▁type ▁ ▁Amb ros ian ▁R ite ▁ ▁The ▁Amb ros ian ▁R ite ▁is ▁celebrated ▁in ▁most ▁of ▁the ▁Arch di oc ese ▁of ▁Milan , ▁Italy , ▁and ▁in ▁parts ▁of ▁some ▁neighbour ing ▁dioc eses ▁in ▁Italy ▁and ▁Switzerland . ▁The ▁language ▁used ▁is ▁now ▁usually ▁Italian , ▁rather ▁than ▁Latin . ▁With ▁some ▁variant ▁texts ▁and ▁minor ▁difference ▁in ▁the ▁order ▁of ▁read ings , ▁it ▁is ▁similar ▁in ▁form ▁to ▁the ▁Roman ▁R ite . ▁Its ▁classification ▁as ▁Gall ican - related ▁is ▁disput ed . ▁ ▁R ite ▁of ▁B rag a ▁ ▁The ▁R ite ▁of ▁B rag a ▁is ▁used , ▁but ▁since ▁ 1 8 ▁November ▁ 1 9 7 1 ▁only ▁on ▁an ▁optional ▁basis , ▁in ▁the ▁Arch di oc ese ▁of ▁B rag a ▁in ▁northern ▁Portugal . ▁ ▁Moz arab ic ▁R ite ▁ ▁The ▁Moz arab ic ▁R ite , ▁which ▁was ▁pre val ent ▁throughout ▁Spain ▁in ▁Vis ig oth ic ▁times , ▁is ▁now ▁celebrated ▁only ▁in ▁limited ▁locations , ▁princip ally ▁the ▁c athedral ▁of ▁To led o . |
▁ ▁Car th us ian ▁R ite ▁The ▁Car th us ian ▁r ite ▁is ▁in ▁use ▁in ▁a ▁version ▁re vised ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 1 . ▁A part ▁from ▁the ▁new ▁elements ▁in ▁this ▁revision , ▁it ▁is ▁substantial ly ▁the ▁r ite ▁of ▁Gren o ble ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 2 th ▁century , ▁with ▁some ▁ad mi xture ▁from ▁other ▁sources . ▁Among ▁other ▁differences ▁from ▁the ▁Roman ▁Order ▁of ▁Mass , ▁the ▁de acon ▁prepar es ▁the ▁g ifts ▁while ▁the ▁Ep ist le ▁is ▁being ▁s ung , ▁the ▁celebr ating ▁priest ▁was hes ▁his ▁hands ▁twice ▁at ▁the ▁offer t ory ▁and ▁says ▁the ▁e uchar istic ▁prayer ▁with ▁arms ▁extended ▁in ▁the ▁form ▁of ▁a ▁cross ▁except ▁when ▁using ▁his ▁hands ▁for ▁some ▁specific ▁action , ▁and ▁there ▁is ▁no ▁bless ing ▁at ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁Mass . ▁ ▁This ▁is ▁now ▁the ▁only ▁ext ant ▁Mass ▁r ite ▁of ▁a ▁Catholic ▁religious ▁order ; ▁but ▁by ▁virtue ▁of ▁the ▁E cc lesia ▁De i ▁ind ult ▁some ▁individuals ▁or ▁small ▁groups ▁are ▁author ized ▁to ▁use ▁some ▁now ▁def unct ▁r ites . ▁ ▁Western ▁R ite ▁of ▁su i ▁gener is ▁type ▁ ▁Bened ict ine ▁R ite ▁ ▁The ▁Order ▁of ▁Saint ▁Bened ict ▁has ▁never ▁had ▁a ▁r ite ▁of ▁the ▁Mass ▁peculiar ▁to ▁it , ▁but ▁it ▁keeps ▁its ▁very ▁ancient ▁Bened ict ine ▁R ite ▁of ▁the ▁Lit ur gy ▁of ▁the ▁H ours . ▁ ▁Def unct |
▁Catholic ▁Western ▁lit urg ical ▁r ites ▁ ▁African ▁R ite ▁ ▁In ▁Africa ▁Pro cons ul are , ▁located ▁in ▁present - day ▁Tun is ia ▁( of ▁which ▁Car th age ▁was ▁the ▁capital ), ▁the ▁African ▁R ite ▁was ▁used ▁before ▁the ▁ 7 th - century ▁Arab ▁con quest . ▁It ▁was ▁very ▁close ▁to ▁the ▁Roman ▁R ite ; ▁so ▁much ▁so ▁that ▁Western ▁lit urg ical ▁trad itions ▁have ▁been ▁class ified ▁as ▁belonging ▁to ▁two ▁streams , ▁the ▁North ▁African - R ome ▁tradition , ▁and ▁the ▁Gall ican ▁( in ▁the ▁broad ▁sense ) ▁tradition ▁en comp ass ing ▁the ▁rest ▁of ▁the ▁Western ▁Roman ▁Empire , ▁including ▁northern ▁Italy . ▁ ▁C elt ic ▁R ite ▁▁ ▁The ▁ancient ▁C elt ic ▁R ite ▁was ▁a ▁composite ▁of ▁non - R oman ▁rit ual ▁structures ▁( poss ibly ▁Ant io ch ian ) ▁and ▁texts ▁not ▁ex empt ▁from ▁Roman ▁influence , ▁that ▁was ▁similar ▁to ▁the ▁Moz arab ic ▁R ite ▁in ▁many ▁respect s ▁and ▁would ▁have ▁been ▁used ▁at ▁least ▁in ▁parts ▁of ▁Ireland , ▁Scotland , ▁the ▁northern ▁part ▁of ▁England ▁and ▁perhaps ▁even ▁Wales , ▁Corn wall ▁and ▁Som erset , ▁before ▁being ▁author it atively ▁replaced ▁by ▁the ▁Roman ▁R ite ▁in ▁the ▁early ▁Middle ▁A ges . ▁" C elt ic " ▁is ▁possibly ▁a ▁mis nom er ▁and ▁it ▁may ▁o we ▁its ▁orig ins ▁to ▁August ine ' s ▁re - ev angel isation ▁of |
▁the ▁British ▁Is les ▁in ▁the ▁ 6 th ▁century . ▁Little ▁is ▁known ▁of ▁it , ▁though ▁several ▁texts ▁and ▁lit urg ies ▁surv ive . ▁▁ ▁Some ▁Christians – typ ically ▁groups ▁not ▁in ▁commun ion ▁with ▁the ▁Roman ▁Catholic ▁Church , ▁especially ▁some ▁Western ▁Orth odox ▁Christian ▁communities ▁in ▁commun ion ▁with ▁Eastern ▁Orth odox ▁Church es , ▁e . g . ▁C elt ic ▁Orth odox y – have ▁attempted ▁to ▁bre at he ▁life ▁into ▁a ▁reconst ruction ▁of ▁the ▁C elt ic ▁R ite ▁the ▁historical ▁accuracy ▁of ▁which ▁is ▁deb ated . ▁Historical ▁evidence ▁of ▁this ▁r ite ▁is ▁found ▁in ▁the ▁rem n ants ▁of ▁the ▁St owe ▁( L orr ha ) ▁Miss al . ▁ ▁Gall ican ▁R ite ▁ ▁The ▁Gall ican ▁R ite ▁is ▁a ▁ret ros pective ▁term ▁applied ▁to ▁the ▁sum ▁of ▁the ▁local ▁variants , ▁on ▁similar ▁lines ▁to ▁that ▁designated ▁elsewhere ▁as ▁the ▁C elt ic ▁R ite ▁( above ) ▁and ▁the ▁Moz arab ic ▁R ite , ▁which ▁f aded ▁from ▁use ▁in ▁France ▁by ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁mill en ni um . ▁It ▁should ▁not ▁be ▁confused ▁with ▁the ▁so - called ▁Ne o - G all ican ▁lit urg ical ▁books ▁published ▁in ▁various ▁French ▁dioc eses ▁after ▁the ▁Council ▁of ▁Tr ent , ▁which ▁had ▁little ▁or ▁nothing ▁to ▁do ▁with ▁it . ▁ ▁Regional ▁Latin ▁r ites ▁or ▁uses ▁Several ▁local ▁r ites ▁( more ▁properly ▁uses ▁or ▁variants |
▁of ▁the ▁Roman ▁R ite ▁( most ▁with ▁Gall ican ▁elements ▁some ▁with ▁By z antine ▁lit urg ical ▁and ▁tradition ▁elements ) ▁of ▁limited ▁scope ▁existed , ▁but ▁are ▁now ▁def unct . ▁The ▁Sar um ▁R ite ▁( more ▁properly ▁Sar um ▁Use ), ▁a ▁def unct ▁variant ▁on ▁the ▁Roman ▁r ite ▁origin ating ▁in ▁the ▁Dioc ese ▁of ▁Sal is bury , ▁which ▁had ▁come ▁to ▁be ▁widely ▁pract ised ▁in ▁England ▁and ▁Scotland ▁around ▁the ▁ 1 5 3 0 s , ▁while ▁the ▁Protest ant ▁Re formation ▁swe pt ▁across ▁contin ental ▁Europe ; ▁pract ised ▁alongside ▁limited ▁other ▁variants ▁such ▁as ▁the ▁Use ▁of ▁York , ▁Lincoln ▁Use , ▁Bang or ▁Use , ▁and ▁Here ford ▁Use . ▁It ▁has ▁a ▁legacy ▁in ▁its ▁influence ▁on ▁later ▁Ang lic an ▁lit ur gy . ▁The ▁C ologne ▁Use , ▁used ▁in ▁the ▁dioc ese ▁of ▁C ologne ▁() ▁prior ▁to ▁ 1 5 7 0 . ▁The ▁Met z ▁Use , ▁created ▁by ▁Arn ulf ▁of ▁Met z ▁and ▁Am al arius ▁of ▁Met z ▁in ▁the ▁nin th ▁century – used ▁in ▁Als ace - L or raine , ▁the ▁Netherlands , ▁and ▁F lem ish ▁and ▁Wall onian ▁lands ▁until ▁the ▁beginning ▁of ▁the ▁tw enti eth ▁century . ▁The ▁Lyon ese ▁R ite ▁of ▁the ▁Dioc ese ▁of ▁Lyon , ▁France , ▁which ▁some ▁consider ▁to ▁have ▁been ▁( r ather ▁than ▁Milan ) ▁the ▁centre ▁of ▁diffusion ▁of ▁the ▁Gall ican ▁lit |
ur gy ; ▁it ▁is ▁maintained ▁in ▁a ▁few ▁par ishes ▁in ▁Lyon . ▁The ▁N id ar os ▁Use , ▁long ▁def unct , ▁based ▁mainly ▁on ▁imported ▁English ▁lit urg ical ▁books , ▁used ▁in ▁pre - Re formation ▁Norway . ▁The ▁U pp s ala ▁Use , ▁suppress ed ▁during ▁the ▁Re formation , ▁formerly ▁the ▁dominant ▁variant ▁of ▁the ▁Roman ▁R ite ▁used ▁in ▁northern ▁Sweden . ▁The ▁ ▁Aqu ile ian ▁R ite , ▁a ▁def unct ▁r ite ▁origin ating ▁in ▁the ▁former ▁patri arch ate ▁of ▁Aqu ile ia ▁in ▁northern ▁Italy . ▁The ▁B ene vent o ▁R ite , ▁a ▁def unct ▁Latin ▁r ite ▁origin ated ▁in ▁this ▁city ▁in ▁Italy . ▁The ▁Dur ham ▁R ite ▁( def unct : ▁Dur ham , ▁England ) ▁The ▁Es z ter gom ▁Use ▁( def unct : ▁Arch di oc ese ▁of ▁Es z ter gom , ▁used ▁between ▁the ▁ 1 2 th ▁and ▁ 1 7 th ▁centuries ▁primarily ▁in ▁the ▁Arch di oc ese ▁of ▁Es z ter gom , ▁and ▁in ▁its ▁suff rag an ▁dioc eses . ▁Similar ▁r ites ▁were ▁also ▁in ▁Slov ak ia ▁and ▁in ▁southern , ▁central , ▁and ▁western ▁Poland . ▁These ▁us ages ▁of ▁Roman ▁lit ur gy ▁was ▁the ▁closest ▁to ▁Roman ▁( today ▁V at ican ) ▁r ites ▁with ▁some ▁small ▁By z antine - S lav ic ▁elements . ▁ ▁R ites ▁of ▁religious ▁orders ▁ ▁Some ▁religious ▁orders |
▁celebrated ▁Mass ▁according ▁to ▁r ites ▁of ▁their ▁own , ▁d ating ▁from ▁more ▁than ▁ 2 0 0 ▁years ▁before ▁the ▁pap al ▁b ull ▁Qu o ▁prim um . ▁These ▁r ites ▁were ▁based ▁on ▁local ▁us ages ▁and ▁combined ▁elements ▁of ▁the ▁Roman ▁and ▁Gall ican ▁R ites . ▁Following ▁the ▁Second ▁V at ican ▁Council , ▁they ▁have ▁mostly ▁been ▁abandoned , ▁except ▁for ▁the ▁Car th us ian ▁R ite ▁( see ▁above ). ▁Relig ious ▁orders ▁of ▁more ▁recent ▁origin ▁have ▁never ▁had ▁special ▁r ites . ▁ ▁The ▁following ▁previously ▁existing ▁r ites ▁of ▁Mass , ▁distinct ▁from ▁the ▁Roman ▁R ite , ▁continue ▁to ▁be ▁used ▁on ▁a ▁limited ▁basis ▁by ▁the ▁permission ▁of ▁ecc les iast ical ▁super iors : ▁Car mel ite ▁R ite ▁C ister cian ▁R ite ▁Domin ican ▁R ite ▁Prem on str at ens ian ▁or ▁Nor bert ine ▁R ite ▁ ▁The ▁Catholic ▁Encyclopedia ▁applied ▁the ▁word ▁" rite " ▁also ▁to ▁the ▁practices ▁followed ▁( to ▁some ▁extent ▁even ▁now , ▁a ▁century ▁later ) ▁by ▁certain ▁Catholic ▁religious ▁orders , ▁while ▁at ▁the ▁same ▁time ▁stating ▁that ▁they ▁in ▁fact ▁followed ▁the ▁Roman ▁R ite : ▁Francis can ▁R ite ▁Fri ars ▁Minor ▁Cap uch in ▁R ite ▁Serv ite ▁R ite ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁Alexand rian ▁R ite ▁Ant io ch ene ▁R ite ▁Armen ian ▁R ite ▁ ▁By z antine ▁R ite ▁Catholic ▁particular ▁churches ▁and ▁lit urg ical ▁r ites ▁East ▁Sy |
ri ac ▁R ite ▁West ▁Sy ri ac ▁R ite ▁General ▁Roman ▁Calendar ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁Dom ▁Fern and ▁Cab rol ' s ▁The ▁Mass ▁of ▁the ▁Western ▁R ites ▁Non - R oman ▁Latin ▁or ▁Western ▁R ites ▁An ▁African ▁Inter pret ation ▁of ▁Lit urg ical ▁Inc ult uration : ▁The ▁R ite ▁Z airo is ▁▁▁ ▁Category : West ern ▁Christian ity <0x0A> </s> ▁Fern ald ia ▁p and ur ata ▁( common ▁name : ▁l or oco ▁) ▁is ▁a ▁v ine ▁with ▁ed ible ▁flowers , ▁w ides p read ▁in ▁Mexico ▁and ▁Central ▁America . ▁ ▁Fern ald ia ▁p and ur ata ▁is ▁an ▁important ▁source ▁of ▁food ▁in ▁El ▁Salvador ▁and ▁Gu atem ala . ▁The ▁plant ' s ▁bud s ▁and ▁flowers ▁are ▁used ▁for ▁cook ing ▁in ▁a ▁variety ▁of ▁ways , ▁including ▁in ▁pup us as . ▁ ▁The ▁name ▁" lor oco " ▁is ▁used ▁throughout ▁Mes o amer ica ▁to ▁refer ▁to ▁Fern ald ia ▁p and ur ata . ▁ ▁Fern ald ia ▁p and ur ata ▁is ▁an ▁her b ace ous ▁v ine ▁with ▁ob long - elli pt ical ▁to ▁broad ly ▁ov ate ▁leaves ▁. ▁long , ▁ 1 . 5 – 8 cm ▁broad , ▁infl ores c ences ▁are ▁generally ▁somewhat ▁shorter ▁than ▁the ▁leaves , ▁with ▁ 8 – 1 8 ▁flowers , ▁the ▁p edic els ▁ 4 – 6 mm . ▁long ; ▁b ract s |
▁ov ate , ▁ ▁long ; ▁cal y x ▁lo bes ▁ov ate , ▁ac ute ▁or ▁obt use , ▁ 2 – 3 mm . ▁long ; ▁cor ol la ▁white ▁within , ▁green ish ▁outside . ▁ ▁References ▁▁▁▁ ▁León , ▁J ., ▁H . ▁Gold bach ▁& ▁J . ▁Eng els , ▁ 1 9 7 9 : ▁Die ▁gen et ischen ▁Ress our cen ▁der ▁Kultur p fl anzen ▁Zent ral amer ik as ., ▁Int . ▁Gen bank ▁C AT IE / GT Z ▁in ▁Tur rial ba , ▁Costa ▁Rica , ▁San ▁Juan ▁de ▁Tib ás , ▁Costa ▁Rica , ▁ 3 2 ▁pp . ▁ ▁Mort on , ▁J . ▁F ., ▁E . ▁Al vare z ▁& ▁C . ▁Qu i ñ one z , ▁ 1 9 9 0 : ▁Lor oco , ▁Fern ald ia ▁p and ur ata '' ▁( Ap oc yn aceae ): ▁a ▁popular ▁ed ible ▁flower ▁of ▁Central ▁America . ▁Econom ic ▁Bot any ▁ 4 4 , ▁ 3 0 1 – 3 1 0 . ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁Lor oco ▁in ▁World ▁Cro ps ▁( English ) ▁ ▁Category : E ch ite ae ▁Category : Ed ible ▁plants ▁Category : Fl ora ▁of ▁Central ▁America ▁Category : Fl ora ▁of ▁Mexico ▁Category : Sal v ador an ▁cu is ine ▁Category : Gu atem al an ▁cu is ine ▁Category : Pl ants ▁described ▁in ▁ 1 8 4 4 <0x0A> </s> ▁Ch |
ester ▁Earl ▁Mer row ▁( Nov ember ▁ 1 5 , ▁ 1 9 0 6 ▁– ▁February ▁ 1 0 , ▁ 1 9 7 4 ) ▁was ▁a ▁U . S . ▁Represent ative ▁from ▁New ▁Ham pshire . ▁ ▁Born ▁in ▁Center ▁O ss ipe e , ▁New ▁Ham pshire , ▁Mer row ▁attended ▁the ▁public ▁schools ▁and ▁B rew ster ▁Free ▁Academy ▁in ▁Wolf eb oro ▁from ▁ 1 9 2 1 ▁to ▁ 1 9 2 5 . ▁He ▁was ▁graduated ▁from ▁Col by ▁College , ▁Water ville , ▁Maine , ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 9 ▁and ▁from ▁Te ach ers ▁College ▁( sum mers ) ▁( Col umb ia ▁University ), ▁New ▁York ▁City , ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 7 . ▁ ▁Mer row ▁was ▁an ▁instruct or ▁of ▁science ▁at ▁K ents ▁Hill ▁School ▁in ▁Maine ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 9 ▁and ▁ 1 9 3 0 ▁and ▁at ▁Mont pel ier ▁Sem inary ▁from ▁ 1 9 3 0 ▁to ▁ 1 9 3 7 . ▁He ▁served ▁as ▁assistant ▁head master ▁of ▁Mont pel ier ▁Sem inary ▁from ▁ 1 9 3 5 ▁to ▁ 1 9 3 8 . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁an ▁instruct or ▁of ▁political ▁science ▁and ▁history ▁at ▁Verm ont ▁Junior ▁College ▁in ▁Mont pel ier ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 7 ▁and ▁ 1 9 3 8 . ▁ ▁Mer row ▁was ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁New ▁Ham pshire ▁House ▁of ▁Representatives ▁in ▁ 1 9 |
3 9 ▁and ▁ 1 9 4 0 . ▁ ▁He ▁became ▁a ▁radio ▁news ▁comment ator ▁and ▁lect urer , ▁and ▁served ▁as ▁delegate ▁to ▁an ▁international ▁conference ▁on ▁education ▁and ▁cultural ▁relations ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁Nations , ▁held ▁in ▁London ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 5 . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁a ▁con gression al ▁advis er ▁to ▁the ▁first ▁conference ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁Nations ▁Edu c ational , ▁Scient ific , ▁and ▁Cultural ▁Organ ization ▁( UN ES CO ) ▁held ▁in ▁Paris ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 6 . ▁He ▁served ▁as ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁deleg ation ▁to ▁UN ES CO ▁ 1 9 4 6 - 1 9 4 9 . ▁ ▁Mer row ▁was ▁elected ▁as ▁a ▁Republican ▁to ▁the ▁Se vent y - e ighth ▁and ▁to ▁the ▁nine ▁succeed ing ▁Congress es ▁( J anu ary ▁ 3 , ▁ 1 9 4 3 ▁– ▁January ▁ 3 , ▁ 1 9 6 3 ). ▁Mer row ▁voted ▁in ▁favor ▁of ▁the ▁Civil ▁Rights ▁Act s ▁of ▁ 1 9 5 7 ▁and ▁ 1 9 6 0 . ▁He ▁was ▁not ▁a ▁candidate ▁for ▁re e lection ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 2 ▁to ▁the ▁E ight y - e ighth ▁Congress , ▁but ▁was ▁un success ful ▁for ▁nom ination ▁to ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Senate . ▁ ▁Sub sequently , ▁he ▁was ▁Special ▁Ad vis er ▁on ▁Community ▁Rel ations , ▁Department ▁of ▁State , ▁from ▁ 1 9 6 3 |
▁to ▁ 1 9 6 8 . ▁He ▁was ▁an ▁un success ful ▁candidate ▁for ▁election ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 0 ▁to ▁the ▁Nin ety - second ▁Congress ▁and ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 2 ▁to ▁the ▁Nin ety - third ▁Congress . ▁He ▁res ided ▁in ▁Center ▁O ss ipe e ▁until ▁his ▁death ▁there , ▁February ▁ 1 0 , ▁ 1 9 7 4 . ▁He ▁was ▁inter red ▁in ▁Ch ick ville ▁C emetery . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 0 6 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 7 4 ▁death s ▁Category : M embers ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁House ▁of ▁Representatives ▁from ▁New ▁Ham pshire ▁Category : Col by ▁College ▁al umn i ▁Category : T each ers ▁College , ▁Columbia ▁University ▁al umn i ▁Category : New ▁Ham pshire ▁Republic ans ▁Category : Rep ublic an ▁Party ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁House ▁of ▁Representatives ▁Category : M embers ▁of ▁the ▁New ▁Ham pshire ▁House ▁of ▁Representatives ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁American ▁polit icians ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁O ss ipe e , ▁New ▁Ham pshire <0x0A> </s> ▁H IS ▁(" High tech ▁Information ▁System ▁Limited "; ▁established ▁ 1 9 8 7 ), ▁is ▁a ▁Hong ▁Kong - based ▁graphics ▁card ▁manufact urer ▁that ▁produces ▁A MD ▁( former ly ▁known ▁as ▁AT I ) ▁R ade on ▁graphics ▁cards . ▁Its ▁headquarters ▁are ▁in ▁Hong ▁Kong , ▁with ▁additional ▁sales ▁offices ▁and ▁distribution ▁networks ▁in ▁Europe , |
▁the ▁Middle ▁East , ▁North ▁America ▁and ▁Asia ▁Pacific ▁Reg ions . ▁The ▁current ▁distrib utor ▁in ▁Hong ▁Kong ▁is ▁Jun Max ▁Technology . ▁ ▁Product s ▁ ▁H IS ▁manufact ures ▁and ▁s ells ▁A MD ▁R ade on ▁series ▁video ▁cards . ▁They ▁are ▁known ▁for ▁their ▁Ice Q ▁cool ing ▁technology ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁producing ▁the ▁latest ▁and ▁fast est ▁P CI ▁cards ▁like ▁A MD ▁R ade on ▁R X ▁ 5 9 0 , ▁R X ▁ 5 7 0 0 ▁and ▁R X ▁ 5 7 0 0 ▁X T . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁H IS ▁launched ▁new ▁versions ▁of ▁the ▁R X ▁ 5 7 0 0 ▁X T ▁in ▁p ink ▁and ▁blue . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁H IS ▁Ltd . ▁ ▁Category : Comput er ▁companies ▁of ▁Hong ▁Kong ▁Category : Graphics ▁hardware ▁companies ▁Category : Comput er ▁companies ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 7 ▁Category : E lect ron ics ▁companies ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 7 ▁Category : H ong ▁Kong ▁br ands <0x0A> </s> ▁__ NOT OC __ ▁AD ▁ 4 7 ▁( X L V II ) ▁was ▁a ▁common ▁year ▁starting ▁on ▁Sunday ▁( link ▁will ▁display ▁the ▁full ▁calendar ) ▁of ▁the ▁Julian ▁calendar . ▁" At ▁the ▁time , ▁it ▁was ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁Year ▁of ▁the ▁Cons ul ship ▁of ▁Claud ius ▁and ▁Vit elli us ▁( or , ▁less ▁frequently , ▁year ▁ 8 0 |
0 ▁Ab ▁ur be ▁cond ita ). ▁The ▁den om ination ▁AD ▁ 4 7 ▁for ▁this ▁year ▁has ▁been ▁used ▁since ▁the ▁early ▁medieval ▁period , ▁when ▁the ▁An no ▁Dom ini ▁calendar ▁era ▁became ▁the ▁pre val ent ▁method ▁in ▁Europe ▁for ▁naming ▁years . ▁ ▁Events ▁ ▁By ▁place ▁ ▁Roman ▁Empire ▁▁ ▁Claud ius ▁rev ives ▁the ▁c ensor ship ▁and ▁l udi ▁sa ec ular es , ▁and ▁organ ises ▁the ▁order ▁of ▁the ▁Har us p ices , ▁with ▁ 6 0 ▁members . ▁ ▁G na eus ▁Dom it ius ▁Cor b ulo ▁is ▁made ▁commander ▁of ▁the ▁Roman ▁army ▁in ▁Germania ▁In fer ior . ▁He ▁conqu ers ▁the ▁Ch au ci ▁and ▁f ights ▁against ▁the ▁Cher us ci ▁and ▁F ris ians . ▁ ▁C au ci ▁pir ates ▁led ▁by ▁the ▁Roman ▁deser ter ▁G ann asc us ▁rav age ▁the ▁Gall ic ▁coast ; ▁Cor b ulo ▁uses ▁the ▁Rh ine ▁fleet ▁against ▁them . ▁The ▁F ris ian ▁revol t ▁is ▁suppress ed . ▁ ▁Pub lius ▁Ost or ius ▁Sc ap ula ▁rep laces ▁A ulus ▁Pla ut ius ▁as ▁governor ▁of ▁Britain . ▁The ▁south - east ▁of ▁the ▁island ▁is ▁now ▁a ▁Roman ▁province , ▁while ▁certain ▁states ▁on ▁the ▁south ▁coast ▁are ▁ruled ▁as ▁a ▁nomin ally ▁independent ▁client ▁kingdom ▁by ▁T iber ius ▁Claud ius ▁C og id ub n us , ▁whose ▁seat ▁is ▁probably ▁at ▁Fish bourne ▁near ▁Ch ich ester . ▁Ost |
or ius ▁immediately ▁faces ▁inc urs ions ▁from ▁un con quer ed ▁areas , ▁which ▁he ▁puts ▁down . ▁ ▁Cor b ulo ▁orders ▁the ▁construction ▁of ▁the ▁canal ▁F ossa ▁Cor bul on is , ▁between ▁the ▁Rh ine ▁and ▁Me use ▁in ▁the ▁Netherlands , ▁which ▁connect s ▁the ▁city ▁Forum ▁Had ri ani ▁( V oor burg ). ▁ ▁Rom ans ▁build ▁the ▁Tra ie ct um ▁fort ification ▁near ▁the ▁mouth ▁of ▁the ▁Rh ine , ▁which ▁will ▁later ▁grow ▁to ▁be ▁the ▁city ▁of ▁U tre cht . ▁ ▁Claud ius ▁found s ▁the ▁city ▁Forum ▁Claud ii ▁Vall ens ium ▁( mod ern ▁Mart igny ) ▁in ▁the ▁Al pes ▁Po en inae ▁( Sw itzerland ). ▁ ▁M uss el burgh ▁is ▁founded ▁in ▁Roman ▁Britain ▁( Sc ot land ). ▁ ▁By ▁topic ▁ ▁Religion ▁▁ ▁An an ias ▁becomes ▁high ▁priest ▁in ▁Jud ae a . ▁ ▁Paul ▁starts ▁his ▁evangel istic ▁work . ▁</ only include > ▁ ▁B irth s ▁▁ ▁T ae j od ae , ▁Korean ▁r uler ▁of ▁G og ury e o ▁( d . ▁ 1 6 5 ) ▁ ▁Death s ▁▁ ▁Dec im us ▁Val er ius ▁A si atic us , ▁Roman ▁politician ▁and ▁cons ul ▁ ▁G ai us ▁S all ust ius ▁Cris pus ▁Pass ien us , ▁Roman ▁cons ul ▁ ▁G na eus ▁Pom pe ius ▁Magn us , ▁Roman ▁no blem an ▁▁ ▁Quint us ▁San qu ini us |
▁Maxim us , ▁Roman ▁politician ▁ ▁V ard anes ▁I , ▁king ▁of ▁the ▁Par th ian ▁Empire ▁ ▁References ▁▁▁ 0 0 4 7 ▁ ▁als : 4 0 er # 4 7 <0x0A> </s> ▁O ll om bo ▁is ▁a ▁district ▁in ▁the ▁Pl ate aux ▁ ▁Department ▁of ▁Republic ▁of ▁the ▁Congo . ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : Pl ate aux ▁Department ▁( Rep ublic ▁of ▁the ▁Congo ) ▁Category : D istrict s ▁of ▁the ▁Republic ▁of ▁the ▁Congo <0x0A> </s> ▁Y oh mor ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁ ▁Y oh mor , ▁Be q aa , ▁Leb anon ▁Y oh mor , ▁N ab atie h , ▁Leb anon <0x0A> </s> ▁Cl ancy ▁R of ique ▁( born ▁ 2 2 ▁July ▁ 1 9 9 8 ) ▁is ▁a ▁Maur it ian ▁international ▁footballer ▁who ▁plays ▁as ▁a ▁forward ▁for ▁Ligue ▁ 2 ▁side ▁Le ▁Hav re ▁and ▁the ▁Maur it ius ▁national ▁football ▁team . ▁ ▁Career ▁statistics ▁ ▁International ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 9 8 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : M aur it ian ▁football ers ▁Category : M aur it ius ▁international ▁football ers ▁Category : Associ ation ▁football ▁for wards ▁Category : Le ▁Hav re ▁AC ▁players <0x0A> </s> ▁This ▁is ▁a ▁list ▁of ▁media ▁from ▁the ▁P un j ab ▁region ▁or ▁published ▁in ▁the ▁P un j abi ▁language . ▁P un j abi ▁journal ists ▁have ▁received ▁many ▁international ▁awards ▁for ▁their ▁reporting |
. ▁ ▁Digital ▁Web ▁channels ▁After ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁there ▁is ▁rise ▁digital ▁content ▁and ▁channels ▁in ▁pun j abi ▁language : ▁P un j abi ▁P archar ▁TV ▁P un j abi ▁Le har ▁A j it ▁Web ▁TV ▁Bh ule k ha ▁TV ▁ ▁Major ▁P un j abi ▁newsp apers ▁and ▁news ▁organizations ▁ ▁Hong ▁Kong ▁P un j abi ▁Ch et na ( P un j abi ▁Ch et na ) ▁India ▁[[ Ch ard ik la ( Pat ial a )| Time ▁TV ]] ▁( Ch ard ik la ) ▁Az ad ▁So ch ▁Daily ▁A j it ▁The ▁Trib une ▁( The ▁Trib une ) ▁P un j ab ▁News line ▁ ▁P un j ab ▁Times ▁ ▁Ro z ana ▁Sp okes man ▁ ▁Des h V ides h ▁Times ▁P un j ab ▁Hot line ▁P un j abi ▁News ▁Online ▁P un j ab ▁News ▁Express ▁Do aba ▁Head lines ▁P un j ab ▁Mail ▁ ▁Month ly ▁W ari am ▁J aland har ▁G han chi ▁Media ▁Italy ▁ ▁Canada ▁Asian ▁V ision ▁P un j ab ▁News line ▁P un j abi ▁Daily ▁S ikh ▁Press ▁San j h ▁Sa vera ▁A j it ▁Week ly ▁ ▁Pakistan ▁ ▁S aj jan ▁K hab ran ▁Bh ule k ha ▁ ▁UK ▁S ikh ▁Times ▁A ka al ▁Channel ▁ ▁USA ▁P un j ab ▁Mail ▁USA ▁Qu ami ▁Ek ta ▁ ▁Other ▁major ▁online ▁P un j abi ▁newsp |
apers ▁P un j abi ▁Ch et na ▁ ▁Ch ard hi ▁K ala ▁ ▁P un j ab ▁News line ▁Des h V ides h ▁Times ▁ ▁W ich aar ▁Media ▁P un j ab ▁Europe ▁Sam ach ar ▁Europe ▁V ich ▁P un j abi ▁Pan j abi ▁Today ▁ ▁P un j abi ▁television ▁channels ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁List ▁of ▁P un j abi - language ▁television ▁channels ▁List ▁of ▁P un j abi - language ▁newsp apers ▁A j it ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁P un j abi ▁Press ▁Club ▁Canada ▁ ▁Media ▁P un j ab ▁P un j abi ▁media ▁▁▁▁ ▁Media <0x0A> </s> ▁N en ad ▁" P ur ke " ▁Sto jan ović ▁( ; ▁born ▁ 2 2 ▁October ▁ 1 9 7 9 ) ▁is ▁a ▁Ser bian ▁professional ▁footballer ▁who ▁plays ▁as ▁a ▁stri ker . ▁ ▁Career ▁After ▁coming ▁through ▁the ▁youth ▁categories ▁of ▁Red ▁Star ▁Bel grade , ▁Sto jan ović ▁went ▁on ▁numerous ▁lo ans , ▁having ▁a ▁break through ▁season ▁at ▁Bos n ian ▁club ▁Le ot ar ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 2 – 0 3 . ▁He ▁was ▁the ▁team ' s ▁top ▁sc orer ▁with ▁ 2 2 ▁goals ▁in ▁ 2 3 ▁league ▁games , ▁helping ▁them ▁win ▁their ▁first ▁national ▁title ▁in ▁history . ▁Following ▁his ▁return ▁to ▁Red ▁Star , ▁Sto jan ović ▁played ▁mostly ▁as ▁a ▁substitute ▁and ▁scored ▁several ▁cru cial ▁goals ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 3 |
– 0 4 ▁season , ▁helping ▁the ▁side ▁win ▁the ▁championship . ▁ ▁In ▁January ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁Sto jan ović ▁was ▁transferred ▁to ▁Belg ian ▁club ▁Gen k , ▁signing ▁a ▁three - and - a - half - year ▁contract . ▁He ▁also ▁played ▁for ▁Br uss els , ▁before ▁moving ▁to ▁Russian ▁club ▁L uch ▁Vlad iv ost ok ▁in ▁early ▁ 2 0 0 7 . ▁In ▁the ▁summer ▁of ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁Sto jan ović ▁returned ▁to ▁Ser bia ▁and ▁joined ▁V oj vod ina . ▁ ▁In ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁aged ▁ 3 8 , ▁Sto jan ović ▁agreed ▁terms ▁with ▁Bel grade ▁Zone ▁League ▁side ▁Le št ane . ▁He ▁previously ▁played ▁for ▁Bro dar ac ▁ 1 9 4 7 ▁( Spring ▁ 2 0 1 5 ), ▁I MT ▁( 2 0 1 5 – 1 6 ), ▁and ▁Ž ark ovo ▁( 2 0 1 6 – 1 7 ) ▁in ▁the ▁Ser bian ▁League ▁Bel grade . ▁ ▁Hon ours ▁Le ot ar ▁ ▁Premier ▁League ▁of ▁Bos nia ▁and ▁Herz egov ina : ▁ 2 0 0 2 – 0 3 ▁Red ▁Star ▁Bel grade ▁ ▁First ▁League ▁of ▁Ser bia ▁and ▁Mont en eg ro : ▁ 2 0 0 3 – 0 4 ▁ ▁Ser bia ▁and ▁Mont en eg ro ▁Cup : ▁ 2 0 0 3 – 0 4 ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : |
Associ ation ▁football ▁for wards ▁Category : A zer ba ij an ▁Premier ▁League ▁players ▁Category : Bel g ian ▁First ▁Division ▁A ▁players ▁Category : Ex pat ri ate ▁football ers ▁in ▁A zer ba ij an ▁Category : Ex pat ri ate ▁football ers ▁in ▁Belg ium ▁Category : Ex pat ri ate ▁football ers ▁in ▁Bos nia ▁and ▁Herz egov ina ▁Category : Ex pat ri ate ▁football ers ▁in ▁Mont en eg ro ▁Category : Ex pat ri ate ▁football ers ▁in ▁Russia ▁Category : FC ▁L uch ▁Vlad iv ost ok ▁players ▁Category : First ▁League ▁of ▁Ser bia ▁and ▁Mont en eg ro ▁players ▁Category : F K ▁J avor ▁Ivan j ica ▁players ▁Category : F K ▁Jed inst vo ▁U b ▁players ▁Category : F K ▁Le ot ar ▁players ▁Category : F K ▁Lov ć en ▁players ▁Category : F K ▁M lad ost ▁A pat in ▁players ▁Category : F K ▁Rud ar ▁Pl jev l ja ▁players ▁Category : F K ▁V oj vod ina ▁players ▁Category : F K ▁Ž ele znik ▁players ▁Category : K . R . C . ▁Gen k ▁players ▁Category : Mont en egr in ▁First ▁League ▁players ▁Category : OF K ▁Ž ark ovo ▁players ▁Category : P rem ier ▁League ▁of ▁Bos nia ▁and ▁Herz egov ina ▁players ▁Category : Red ▁Star ▁Bel grade ▁football ers ▁Category : Russ ian ▁Premier ▁League ▁players ▁Category : R W DM ▁Br uss els ▁FC ▁players ▁Category |
: Ser bia ▁and ▁Mont en eg ro ▁exp atri ate ▁football ers ▁Category : Ser bia ▁and ▁Mont en eg ro ▁exp atri ate ▁sports people ▁in ▁Belg ium ▁Category : Ser bia ▁and ▁Mont en eg ro ▁exp atri ate ▁sports people ▁in ▁Bos nia ▁and ▁Herz egov ina ▁Category : Ser bia ▁and ▁Mont en eg ro ▁football ers ▁Category : Ser bian ▁exp atri ate ▁football ers ▁Category : Ser bian ▁exp atri ate ▁sports people ▁in ▁A zer ba ij an ▁Category : Ser bian ▁exp atri ate ▁sports people ▁in ▁Belg ium ▁Category : Ser bian ▁exp atri ate ▁sports people ▁in ▁Bos nia ▁and ▁Herz egov ina ▁Category : Ser bian ▁exp atri ate ▁sports people ▁in ▁Mont en eg ro ▁Category : Ser bian ▁exp atri ate ▁sports people ▁in ▁Russia ▁Category : Ser bian ▁football ers ▁Category : Ser bian ▁Super L iga ▁players ▁Category : Sim ur q ▁P IK ▁players ▁Category : S ports people ▁from ▁Bel grade ▁Category : 1 9 7 9 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Canadian ▁Association ▁for ▁Free ▁Expression ▁( C AF E ) ▁is ▁a ▁Canadian ▁political ▁group ▁led ▁by ▁Paul ▁From m , ▁a ▁white ▁supre mac ist . ▁Est ab lished ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 1 , ▁C AF E ▁is ▁committed ▁to ▁the ▁promotion ▁and ▁defense ▁of ▁total ▁freedom ▁of ▁speech , ▁and ▁publish es ▁the ▁Free ▁Spe ech ▁Mon itor ▁ten ▁times ▁a ▁year . ▁Although |
▁it ▁began ▁in ▁Ontario , ▁it ▁has ▁also ▁been ▁incorpor ated ▁in ▁Al berta . ▁ ▁O pp on ents ▁have ▁accused ▁C AF E ▁of ▁rac ism , ▁arg uing ▁that ▁it ▁does ▁not ▁merely ▁support ▁the ▁free ▁speech ▁rights ▁of ▁far ▁right ▁groups , ▁but ▁also ▁prom otes ▁their ▁views . ▁ ▁C AF E ▁has ▁critic ized ▁what ▁it ▁cons iders ▁in just ices ▁against ▁white ▁people ▁in ▁Canada , ▁and ▁has ▁argued ▁that ▁Canadian ▁laws ▁do ▁not ▁robust ly ▁defend ▁the ▁free ▁speech ▁of ▁whites , ▁and ▁are ▁too ▁weight ed ▁in ▁favour ▁of ▁minor ities . ▁C AF E ▁has ▁campaign ed ▁( al ong ▁with ▁the ▁def unct ▁white ▁national ist ▁groups ▁Canadian ▁Heritage ▁Alliance ▁and ▁Northern ▁Alliance ) ▁for ▁the ▁release ▁of ▁Brad ▁Love , ▁whom ▁it ▁claimed ▁was ▁ja iled ▁for ▁express ing ▁his ▁n ativ ist ▁sent iments . ▁C AF E ▁has ▁also ▁campaign ed ▁for ▁the ▁release ▁of ▁Hol oca ust ▁den iers ▁Ernst ▁Z ünd el ▁and ▁David ▁Ir ving , ▁and ▁against ▁human ▁rights ▁lawyer ▁Richard ▁War man ▁and ▁the ▁Canadian ▁Human ▁Rights ▁Commission . ▁▁ ▁On ▁November ▁ 2 3 , ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁Ontario ▁Super ior ▁Court ▁Justice ▁Mon ique ▁M ét iv ier ▁ruled ▁that ▁From m ▁and ▁C AF E ▁had ▁lib elled ▁War man , ▁and ▁ordered ▁them ▁to ▁pay ▁$ 3 0 , 0 0 0 ▁in ▁dam ages ▁and ▁to ▁post ▁full ▁retra ctions ▁within ▁ten ▁days ▁on ▁all ▁the |
▁websites ▁on ▁which ▁the ▁def am atory ▁comments ▁were ▁posted . ▁The ▁Ontario ▁Court ▁of ▁App e al ▁u ph eld ▁the ▁judgment ▁in ▁December ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁with ▁dam ages ▁being ▁raised ▁to ▁$ 4 0 , 0 0 0 , ▁as ▁From m ▁was ▁ordered ▁to ▁pay ▁an ▁additional ▁$ 1 0 , 0 0 0 ▁towards ▁War man ' s ▁legal ▁costs . ▁War man ▁said ▁the ▁appeal ▁court ' s ▁r uling ▁" s ends ▁the ▁message ▁that ▁those ▁who ▁try ▁to ▁use ▁the ▁clo ak ▁of ▁free ▁speech ▁to ▁poison ▁other ▁people ' s ▁re put ations ▁through ▁lies ▁and ▁def am ation ▁do ▁so ▁at ▁their ▁own ▁per il ." ▁ ▁C AF E ▁was ▁an ▁interven or ▁in ▁O ger ▁v ▁What c ott , ▁a ▁hearing ▁before ▁the ▁British ▁Columbia ▁Human ▁Rights ▁Trib unal ▁regarding ▁har ass ment ▁of ▁M s . ▁O ger ▁by ▁Mr . ▁What c ott , ▁who ▁M s . ▁O ger ▁alleg ed ▁ran ▁a ▁very ▁public ▁campaign ▁of ▁har ass ment ▁against ▁her ▁on ▁the ▁basis ▁of ▁her ▁gender ▁identity . ▁C AF E ▁supported ▁Mr . ▁What c ott ' s ▁right ▁to ▁make ▁those ▁statements , ▁and ▁adopted ▁many ▁of ▁Mr . ▁What c ott ' s ▁statements ▁in ▁its ▁subm issions ▁to ▁the ▁Trib unal . ▁On ▁March ▁ 2 7 , ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁the ▁Trib unal ▁ruled ▁that ▁C AF E ' s ▁behaviour ▁as ▁an ▁interven or |
▁was ▁" im pro per ", ▁and ▁that ▁its ▁subm issions ▁were ▁" infl am mat ory , ▁der og atory , ▁dis res pect ful ▁and ▁in app ropri ate ". ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁Cit iz ens ▁for ▁Foreign ▁A id ▁Reform ▁ ▁Heritage ▁Front ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁white ▁national ist ▁organizations ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁Canadian ▁Association ▁for ▁Free ▁Expression ▁ ▁H ate ▁Gr oups ▁and ▁Big ot ry ' s ▁Fellow ▁Tra v ellers ▁- ▁by ▁Manuel ▁Pr utsch i , ▁Canadian ▁Jewish ▁Congress ▁ ▁The ▁New ▁Generation ▁of ▁Organ ised ▁Ra cial ism ▁in ▁Canada ▁ ▁Naz is ▁In ▁Su its : ▁Paul ▁From m ▁& ▁The ▁Far ▁Right ▁ ▁Canadian ▁Association ▁for ▁Free ▁Expression ▁- ▁Canadian ▁Political ▁Part ies ▁and ▁Political ▁Interest ▁Gr oups ▁- ▁Web ▁Archive ▁created ▁by ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Toronto ▁L ibr aries ▁ ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁far - right ▁political ▁movements ▁Category : White ▁supre m acy ▁in ▁Canada <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁British ▁Motor ▁Museum ▁in ▁War wick shire , ▁England , ▁holds ▁the ▁World ' s ▁largest ▁collection ▁of ▁historic ▁British ▁cars . ▁There ▁are ▁over ▁ 3 0 0 ▁classic ▁cars ▁on ▁display ▁from ▁the ▁British ▁Motor ▁Indust ry ▁Heritage ▁Trust ▁and ▁the ▁J agu ar ▁Heritage ▁Trust . ▁ ▁History ▁The ▁collection , ▁now ▁c ared ▁for ▁by ▁the ▁British ▁Motor ▁Indust ry ▁Heritage ▁Trust , ▁was ▁developed ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 0 s ▁when ▁a ▁new ▁division ▁of ▁the ▁British ▁Ley land ▁Motor |
▁Corporation ▁( BL MC ) ▁was ▁formed ▁to ▁preserve ▁and ▁manage ▁the ▁company ' s ▁collection ▁of ▁historic ▁vehicles . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 7 9 , ▁the ▁company ▁became ▁B L ▁Heritage ▁Limited , ▁adopt ing ▁a ▁new ▁headquarters ▁at ▁Stud ley , ▁War wick shire . ▁ ▁Two ▁years ▁later , ▁a ▁museum ▁was ▁opened ▁at ▁the ▁London ▁Transport ▁Museum ' s ▁former ▁home ▁of ▁Sy on ▁Park , ▁west ▁of ▁London , ▁where ▁some ▁ 1 0 0 ▁vehicles ▁from ▁the ▁collection ▁were ▁put ▁on ▁display . ▁ ▁During ▁the ▁early ▁ 1 9 8 0 s , ▁closer ▁t ies ▁were ▁made ▁with ▁other ▁British ▁motor ▁manufact ur ers . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 3 , ▁the ▁collection ▁was ▁granted ▁char itable ▁status , ▁and ▁became ▁the ▁British ▁Motor ▁Indust ry ▁Heritage ▁Trust , ▁and ▁although ▁there ▁were ▁now ▁several ▁manufact ur ers ▁involved , ▁the ▁collection ▁still ▁carried ▁a ▁large ▁bias ▁towards ▁the ▁former ▁British ▁Ley land ▁companies . ▁ ▁Austin - R over ▁continued ▁as ▁the ▁primary ▁back er ▁of ▁the ▁Trust , ▁and ▁gradually ▁the ▁other ▁companies ▁with d rew ▁their ▁support . ▁ ▁Meanwhile , ▁the ▁collection ▁continued ▁to ▁grow . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁late ▁ 1 9 8 0 s , ▁it ▁became ▁evident ▁that ▁larger ▁prem ises ▁would ▁be ▁required ▁as ▁the ▁collection ▁developed . ▁ ▁Several ▁new ▁sites ▁were ▁considered ▁for ▁a ▁purpose ▁built ▁museum . ▁ ▁The ▁present ▁location ▁was ▁chosen , ▁on ▁the ▁site ▁of ▁the ▁former |
▁R AF ▁Gay don ▁air field ▁in ▁South ▁War wick shire , ▁which ▁was ▁home ▁to ▁the ▁R over ▁Group ' s ▁design , ▁technology ▁and ▁testing ▁ground . ▁ ▁Pl ans ▁were ▁drawn ▁up ▁and ▁construction ▁began ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 1 ▁for ▁the ▁new ▁Heritage ▁Motor ▁Centre . ▁ ▁Set ▁in ▁ ▁of ▁grounds , ▁the ▁centre ▁brought ▁together ▁all ▁of ▁the ▁Trust ' s ▁operations ▁for ▁the ▁first ▁time , ▁providing ▁exhibition ▁and ▁storage ▁space ▁for ▁the ▁collection ▁of ▁over ▁ 2 5 0 ▁vehicles ▁and ▁archive ▁of ▁over ▁ 2 mill ion ▁photograph s , ▁business ▁records , ▁bro ch ures ▁and ▁draw ings . ▁ ▁The ▁site ▁also ▁includes ▁conference ▁facilities . ▁ ▁When ▁R over ▁Group ▁was ▁taken ▁over ▁by ▁B MW ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 4 , ▁the ▁British ▁Motor ▁Museum ▁came ▁under ▁their ▁ownership . ▁ ▁Six ▁years ▁later , ▁B MW ▁sold ▁the ▁R over ▁Group , ▁which ▁meant ▁that ▁the ▁Centre ▁changed ▁hands ▁yet ▁again , ▁this ▁time ▁under ▁the ▁ownership ▁of ▁the ▁Ford ▁Motor ▁Company . ▁ ▁This ▁latest ▁change ▁of ▁ownership ▁means ▁that ▁the ▁Trust ▁now ▁had ▁the ▁opportunity ▁to ▁expand ▁its ▁collection ▁to ▁include ▁all ▁of ▁the ▁companies ▁that ▁have ▁formed ▁part ▁of ▁Britain ' s ▁motor ▁manufact uring ▁history . ▁ ▁Following ▁J agu ar ' s ▁decision ▁to ▁close ▁their ▁J agu ar ▁Da im ler ▁Heritage ▁Centre , ▁a ▁small ▁selection ▁of ▁the ▁J agu ar ▁Da im ler ▁Heritage ▁Collection ▁has ▁been ▁on |
▁display ▁at ▁the ▁Museum . ▁ ▁In ▁November ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁the ▁Heritage ▁Motor ▁Centre ▁closed ▁for ▁a ▁£ 1 . 1 mill ion ▁ref urb ishment , ▁and ▁re open ed ▁on ▁ 1 3 ▁February ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁under ▁the ▁new ▁name ▁of ▁British ▁Motor ▁Museum . ▁ ▁Ve h icles ▁in ▁the ▁collection ▁ ▁This ▁is ▁not ▁an ▁exhaust ive ▁list ▁— ▁a ▁complete ▁list ▁is ▁provided ▁on ▁the ▁centre ' s ▁website . ▁ ▁Due ▁to ▁space ▁limitations , ▁not ▁all ▁cars ▁are ▁exhib ited ▁at ▁all ▁times . ▁ ▁The ▁very ▁first ▁Land ▁R over ▁( 1 9 4 8 ) ▁The ▁first ▁and ▁last ▁production ▁models ▁of ▁the ▁Land ▁R over ▁Fre el ander ▁Vari ous ▁Land ▁R over , ▁Range ▁R over , ▁and ▁R over ▁P 5 ▁vehicles ▁used ▁by ▁the ▁British ▁Royal ▁Family ▁and ▁senior ▁polit icians ▁An ▁S AS ▁Land ▁R over ▁Pro totype ▁Land ▁R over ▁ 1 0 1 ▁Rec overy ▁T ruck ▁Sh a un ▁the ▁She ep ▁Land ▁R over ▁Def ender ▁Land ▁R over ▁Series ▁ 2 ▁track ▁whe e led ▁off ▁road ▁vehicle ▁R are ▁Land ▁R over ▁L l ama ▁l orry ▁The ▁million th ▁Land ▁R over ▁Disc overy ▁ 4 ▁The ▁first ▁and ▁last ▁production ▁models ▁of ▁the ▁R over ▁ 7 5 ▁R over ▁Gas ▁Tur bine ▁cars ▁The ▁Metro ▁ 1 . 3 ▁H LS ▁as ▁shown ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 0 ▁Motor ▁Show ▁Metro |
▁ 6 R 4 ▁R ally ▁Car ▁Vari ous ▁M G ▁Speed ▁Record ▁cars ▁The ▁first ▁M ini ▁produced : ▁ 6 2 1 ▁A OK ▁The ▁last ▁R over ▁M ini ▁Cooper ▁produced ▁( 2 0 0 0 ) ▁The ▁Min is ▁that ▁won ▁the ▁Monte ▁Carlo ▁R ally ▁during ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 0 s ▁Vari ous ▁M ini ▁based ▁pro tot ypes , ▁such ▁as ▁the ▁Min iss ima ▁F AB 1 ▁from ▁the ▁Th under bird s ▁film ▁An ▁As c ari ▁K Z 1 ▁show ▁car ▁from ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁Roll s - Ro y ce ▁Ph antom ▁The ▁last ▁A ston ▁Martin ▁DB 7 ▁A ston ▁Martin ▁V 1 2 ▁Van qu ish ▁S inc la ir ▁C 5 ▁Ford ▁R S 2 0 0 ▁ ▁The ▁last ▁production ▁Austin ▁Monte go ▁Ford ▁Esc ort ▁Mark ▁I ▁as ▁used ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 0 ▁London ▁to ▁Mexico ▁World ▁Cup ▁R ally ▁J agu ar ▁R 1 ▁Formula ▁One ▁race car ▁from ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁N uff ield ▁Gut ty ▁prototype ▁ ▁Research ▁services ▁The ▁British ▁Motor ▁Museum ▁offers ▁a ▁research ▁and ▁registry ▁service ▁for ▁several ▁British ▁car ▁mar ques . ▁The ▁Archive ▁houses ▁authentic ▁historical ▁records ▁by ▁many ▁of ▁the ▁major ▁car ▁manufact ur ers , ▁including ▁a ▁range ▁of ▁original ▁factory ▁led gers ▁which ▁record ▁the ▁details ▁of ▁individual ▁vehicles ▁as ▁they ▁came ▁off ▁the ▁production ▁line . ▁For ▁a ▁small ▁fee , ▁own ers ▁may ▁send ▁in ▁their |
▁Ve h icle ▁Ident ification ▁Number ▁( V IN ▁- ▁a ka ▁ch ass is ▁number ) ▁and / or ▁engine ▁numbers , ▁and ▁they ▁will ▁research ▁the ▁original ▁production ▁records ▁for ▁that ▁vehicle ▁and ▁send ▁back ▁whatever ▁information ▁on ▁the ▁vehicle ▁is ▁available . ▁This ▁is ▁a ▁' Cert ified ▁Copy ▁of ▁a ▁Factory ▁Record ' ▁or ▁more ▁commonly ▁known ▁as ▁a ▁Heritage ▁Cert ificate . ▁This ▁can ▁include ▁such ▁details ▁as ▁a ▁list ▁of ▁the ▁options ▁the ▁car ▁was ▁ordered ▁with , ▁the ▁original ▁paint ▁colour ▁and ▁any ▁identification ▁numbers ▁that ▁may ▁be ▁missing . ▁This ▁can ▁be ▁useful ▁when ▁applying ▁for ▁tax ▁exem ption ▁or ▁to ▁obtain ▁an ▁age - related ▁Reg istration ▁Mark . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁British ▁Motor ▁Museum ▁ ▁Classic ▁Car ▁Collection ▁Gay don ▁Series ▁of ▁photos ▁of ▁the ▁classic ▁cars ▁at ▁the ▁British ▁Motor ▁Museum ▁ ▁Category : Transport ▁museum s ▁in ▁England ▁Category : M useum s ▁in ▁War wick shire ▁Category : Autom obile ▁museum s ▁in ▁England <0x0A> </s> ▁World ▁Art ▁N ouve au ▁Day ▁( W AND ) ▁is ▁an ▁event ▁dedicated ▁to ▁art ▁nouveau ▁that ▁is ▁celebrated ▁ann ually ▁on ▁ 1 0 ▁June . ▁The ▁first ▁World ▁Art ▁N ouve au ▁Day ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁was ▁organized ▁by ▁The ▁Museum ▁of ▁App lied ▁Arts ▁( B ud apest ) ▁( I MM ) ▁in ▁co operation ▁with ▁Sz ec ess zi ós ▁Mag az in ▁( a ▁Hung arian ▁Magazine ▁about ▁Art ▁N ouve |
au ). ▁The ▁selected ▁date ▁– ▁ 1 0 ▁June ▁– ▁is ▁the ▁anni versary ▁of ▁the ▁death ▁of ▁two ▁famous ▁architect s ▁of ▁the ▁movement , ▁Anton i ▁Ga ud í ▁and ▁Ö d ön ▁Le ch ner . ▁Activ ities ▁like ▁those ▁organ ised ▁on ▁World ▁Art ▁N ouve au ▁Day ▁aim ▁to ▁create ▁more ▁aw aren ess ▁of ▁Art ▁N ouve au ▁her itage ▁among ▁the ▁public . ▁ ▁The ▁two ▁biggest ▁organis ations ▁in ▁Europe ▁coordin ating ▁the ▁World ▁Art ▁N ouve au ▁Day ▁activities ▁are ▁the ▁Art ▁N ouve au ▁European ▁Route ▁in ▁Barcelona , ▁and ▁the ▁Ré seau ▁Art ▁N ouve au ▁Network ▁( R AN N ) ▁in ▁Br uss els . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁the ▁event ▁was ▁supported ▁by ▁European ▁Heritage ▁Alliance . ▁ ▁Link s ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Art ▁N ouve au ▁Art ▁N ouve au ▁Category : Art ▁N ouve au <0x0A> </s> ▁A ly se ▁Black ▁is ▁an ▁American ▁singer ▁and ▁song writer . ▁Black ' s ▁music ▁is ▁described ▁as ▁ind ie ▁pop ▁with ▁jazz ▁influ ences , ▁in ▁the ▁ve in ▁of ▁artists ▁such ▁as ▁F iona ▁Apple , ▁Regin a ▁Spe ktor ▁and ▁Nor ah ▁Jones . ▁Her ▁song ▁" Sto od ▁for ▁Stand ▁for ", ▁which ▁was ▁featured ▁on ▁Black ' s ▁debut ▁album ▁To o ▁Much ▁& ▁To o ▁Lov ely , ▁won ▁Billboard ' s ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁World ▁Song ▁Cont est ▁in ▁the ▁Jazz ▁category . ▁ ▁Background ▁and ▁career |
▁ ▁Black ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Seattle , ▁Washington , ▁the ▁young est ▁of ▁three ▁daughters . ▁According ▁to ▁her ▁website , ▁she ▁initially ▁had ▁an ▁interest ▁in ▁purs uing ▁a ▁career ▁as ▁a ▁singer - song writer , ▁but ▁instead ▁studied ▁business , ▁communic ations , ▁and ▁international ▁studies ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Washington , ▁where ▁she ▁graduated ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 4 . ▁ ▁After ▁working ▁in ▁the ▁corpor ate ▁world , ▁she ▁returned ▁to ▁her ▁original ▁interest , ▁re le asing ▁her ▁debut ▁album ▁To o ▁Much ▁& ▁To o ▁Lov ely ▁at ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁ 2 0 0 7 . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁Black ▁began ▁working ▁on ▁a ▁new ▁project , ▁a ▁collection ▁of ▁original ▁and ▁classic ▁l ull ab ies ▁with ▁the ▁band ▁' N ight ▁S weet ▁Pe a ; ▁to ▁fin ance ▁the ▁album ' s ▁production , ▁the ▁band ▁launched ▁a ▁successful ▁campaign ▁on ▁K ick st arter . ▁ ▁The ▁album , ▁A ▁Little ▁Line ▁of ▁K isses , ▁was ▁released ▁to ▁critical ▁acc laim ▁in ▁December ▁ 2 0 1 2 . ▁Her ▁song ▁Super ▁Hero ▁was ▁featured ▁on ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁film ▁Let ' s ▁Make ▁a ▁Movie . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁she ▁recorded ▁three ▁love ▁song ▁covers ▁with ▁producer ▁Mark ▁Hall man ▁( Car ole ▁King , ▁El iza ▁Gil k ys on , ▁An i ▁D if ran co ), ▁which ▁was ▁released ▁in ▁early ▁ |
2 0 1 5 . ▁The ▁album ▁was ▁titled ▁You ▁Bel ong ▁To ▁Me ▁( 1 9 5 2 ▁song ) ▁after ▁the ▁old ▁pop ▁ball ad ▁on ▁the ▁record . ▁The ▁record ▁also ▁contains ▁a ▁cover ▁of ▁Brand i ▁Carl ile ' s ▁" The ▁Story " ▁and ▁Beth ▁N iel sen ▁Chap man ' s ▁" Se ven ▁Sh ades ▁of ▁Blue ." ▁ ▁In ▁early ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁A ly se ▁began ▁recording ▁her ▁third ▁full - length ▁studio ▁record ▁with ▁producer , ▁Eric ▁Ros se ▁( S ara ▁B are illes , ▁T ori ▁Am os , ▁Mar oon ▁ 5 , ▁Bird y ▁( sing er ), ▁G av in ▁De G raw , ▁A ▁Fine ▁F ren zy , ▁Land on ▁P igg , ▁Anna ▁N al ick , ▁Mary ▁Lam bert ▁( sing er )), ▁in ▁Hollywood . ▁That ▁album ▁was ▁fan - fund ed ▁on ▁K ick st arter ▁as ▁well , ▁raising ▁$ 3 1 , 2 7 6 . ▁During ▁this ▁time , ▁A ly se ▁also ▁gar ner ed ▁an ▁end ors ement ▁with ▁Fish man ▁Am ps . ▁The ▁self - t itled ▁record ▁was ▁released ▁on ▁January ▁ 2 4 , ▁ 2 0 1 7 . ▁ ▁A ly se ▁is ▁also ▁a ▁lic ensed ▁real ▁estate ▁agent ▁with ▁K eller - Will iams ▁Real ty . ▁ ▁She ▁did ▁promise , ▁however , ▁to ▁continue ▁making ▁the ▁world ▁better ▁with ▁her ▁music . ▁ ▁In |
flu ences ▁ ▁Black ' s ▁influ ences ▁ ▁include ▁N ina ▁Sim one , ▁T ori ▁Am os , ▁Bill ie ▁Hol iday , ▁Nor ah ▁Jones , ▁F iona ▁Apple , ▁Eva ▁Cass id y , ▁Sarah ▁Mc L ach lan , ▁An i ▁D if ran co , ▁Port is head , ▁B jör k , ▁Tom ▁Wa its , ▁Ed ith ▁Pia f , ▁J ude , ▁Maz zy ▁Star , ▁C ran ber ries , ▁Po e , ▁Sarah ▁V aug han , ▁The ▁Beat les , ▁Led ▁Ze ppel in . ▁ ▁Awards ▁ 1 st ▁Place , ▁Jazz , ▁Billboard ' s ▁Ann ual ▁World ▁Song ▁Cont est , ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁ 1 st ▁Place , ▁Jazz , ▁and ▁Final ist , ▁Ad ult ▁Contempor ary , ▁Independent ▁S inger - S ong writer ▁Awards , ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁ ▁Disc ography ▁ ▁Studio ▁Albums ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁To o ▁Much ▁& ▁To o ▁Lov ely ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁Hold ▁On to ▁This ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁The ▁Hon esty ▁EP ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁A ▁Little ▁Line ▁of ▁K isses ▁( with ▁band : ▁' N ight , ▁S weet ▁Pe a ) ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁You ▁Bel ong ▁To ▁Me ▁( EP ) ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁A ly se ▁Black ▁ ▁Live ▁Albums ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁The ▁Tri ple ▁Do or ▁S essions ▁L IVE ▁ ▁References |
▁ ▁External ▁links ▁Official ▁website ▁A ly se ▁Black ▁on ▁Facebook ▁A ly se ▁Black ▁on ▁Twitter ▁A ly se ▁Black ▁on ▁i T unes ▁A ly se ▁Black ▁on ▁Amazon ▁A ly se ▁Black ▁on ▁The Si xty One ▁A ly se ▁Black ▁on ▁the ▁AT X ▁Arch itect s ▁Pod cast ▁ ▁Category : American ▁female ▁singer - song writ ers ▁Category : American ▁singer - song writ ers ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Univers ity ▁of ▁Washington ▁al umn i ▁Category : Mus icians ▁from ▁Seattle ▁Category : Year ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁( l iving ▁people ) ▁Category : S ong writ ers ▁from ▁Washington ▁( state ) ▁Category : Sing ers ▁from ▁Washington ▁( state ) <0x0A> </s> ▁Martin ▁Del an ey ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁▁ ▁Martin ▁Del an ey ▁( activ ist ) ▁( 1 9 4 5 – 2 0 0 9 ), ▁H IV / A ID S ▁treatment ▁advoc ate ▁ ▁Martin ▁Del an ey ▁( actor ), ▁British ▁actor ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Martin ▁Del any ▁( 1 8 1 2 – 1 8 8 5 ), ▁African - American ▁abol ition ist <0x0A> </s> ▁Leon ardo ▁Vin ici us ▁Pere ira ▁Lu iz ▁( born ▁June ▁ 5 , ▁ 1 9 8 7 ▁in ▁Rio ▁de ▁Janeiro ), ▁known ▁as ▁Leon ardo ▁Lu iz , ▁is ▁a ▁Brazil ian ▁footballer ▁who ▁most ▁recently ▁played ▁as ▁def ender ▁for ▁Arts ul . ▁ ▁Career ▁statistics ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links |
▁ ▁Category : 1 9 8 7 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : B raz ilian ▁football ers ▁Category : Associ ation ▁football ▁def enders ▁Category : Cam pe onato ▁Brasile iro ▁S érie ▁B ▁players ▁Category : Cam pe onato ▁Brasile iro ▁S érie ▁C ▁players ▁Category : Cam pe onato ▁Brasile iro ▁S érie ▁D ▁players ▁Category : N ova ▁I gu a çu ▁Fut ebol ▁Cl ube ▁players ▁Category : Vol ta ▁Red onda ▁Fut ebol ▁Cl ube ▁players ▁Category : Cl ube ▁N á ut ico ▁Cap ib ar ibe ▁players ▁Category : Esp orte ▁Cl ube ▁XV ▁de ▁Nov embro ▁( Pi rac ic aba ) ▁players ▁Category : ABC ▁Fut ebol ▁Cl ube ▁players ▁Category : F ort ale za ▁Esp orte ▁Cl ube ▁players ▁Category : B angu ▁Atl ético ▁Cl ube ▁players ▁Category : T re ze ▁Fut ebol ▁Cl ube ▁players ▁Category : Esp orte ▁Cl ube ▁Santo ▁André ▁players ▁Category : Ar ts ul ▁Fut ebol ▁Cl ube ▁players <0x0A> </s> ▁Dallas ▁Bay ▁Sky park ▁ ▁is ▁a ▁public - use ▁air port ▁located ▁ 1 1 ▁miles ▁( 1 8 km ) ▁north ▁of ▁the ▁central ▁business ▁district ▁of ▁Ch att ano oga ▁and ▁ 4 ▁miles ▁south west ▁of ▁the ▁central ▁business ▁district ▁of ▁L akes ite ▁( both ▁cities ▁in ▁Hamilton ▁County , ▁Tennessee , ▁United ▁States .) ▁It ▁is ▁located ▁in ▁the ▁community ▁of ▁Middle ▁Valley ▁with ▁a ▁H ix son , ▁Tennessee ▁ma iling |
▁address . ▁. ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁Dallas ▁Bay ▁Sky park ▁began ▁life ▁as ▁the ▁Opt im ist ▁Club ▁Drag ▁St rip ▁back ▁in ▁the ▁late ▁ 5 0 s ▁and ▁surv ived ▁until ▁the ▁early ▁ 6 0 s . ▁The ▁drag strip ▁was ▁moved ▁to ▁East ▁R idge ▁and ▁John ▁Fle w ellen ▁and ▁his ▁family ▁bought ▁the ▁old ▁drag strip ▁and ▁turned ▁it ▁into ▁a ▁private ▁run way . ▁In ▁the ▁early ▁ 1 9 7 0 s ▁the ▁a irst rip ▁became ▁an ▁F AA - cert ified ▁public ▁air port ▁with ▁the ▁design ation ▁ 1 A 0 . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 2 , ▁a ▁group ▁of ▁invest ors , ▁all ▁with ▁a ▁passion ▁for ▁flying , ▁bought ▁Dallas ▁Bay ▁Sky park ▁and ▁have ▁been ▁running ▁it ▁ever ▁since . ▁The ▁air port ▁is ▁still ▁a ▁full - service ▁public ▁air port ▁with ▁a ▁flight ▁school ▁on ▁prem ises . ▁ ▁Fac ilities ▁and ▁aircraft ▁ ▁Dallas ▁Bay ▁Sky park ▁covers ▁an ▁area ▁of ▁ ▁which ▁contains ▁one ▁as ph alt ▁p aved ▁run way ▁( 5 / 2 3 ) ▁meas uring ▁ 3 , 0 2 5 ▁x ▁ 5 0 ▁ft ▁( 9 2 2 ▁x ▁ 1 5 ▁m ). ▁For ▁the ▁ 1 2 - month ▁period ▁ending ▁May ▁ 4 , ▁ 1 9 9 8 , ▁the ▁air port ▁had ▁ 1 0 , 1 0 8 ▁aircraft ▁operations , ▁ 1 0 0 % ▁of ▁which ▁were ▁general |
▁av iation . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Dallas ▁Bay ▁Sky park ▁( o fficial ▁site ) ▁Dallas ▁Bay ▁Sky park ▁page ▁at ▁Tennessee ▁D OT ▁Airport ▁Directory ▁ ▁Category : A ir ports ▁in ▁Tennessee ▁Category : Build ings ▁and ▁structures ▁in ▁Hamilton ▁County , ▁Tennessee <0x0A> </s> ▁Jason ▁Mc End oo ▁( born ▁February ▁ 2 5 , ▁ 1 9 7 5 ) ▁is ▁an ▁American ▁football ▁coach ▁and ▁former ▁center ▁in ▁the ▁National ▁Football ▁League ▁for ▁the ▁Seattle ▁Se ah aw ks . ▁He ▁is ▁currently ▁the ▁tight ▁ends ▁and ▁Cow boy ▁Back s ▁coach ▁for ▁Oklahoma ▁State . ▁He ▁played ▁college ▁football ▁at ▁Washington ▁State ▁University ▁in ▁P ull man ▁and ▁was ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 7 ▁team ▁which ▁went ▁to ▁the ▁Rose ▁Bowl . ▁▁ ▁Born ▁in ▁San ▁Diego , ▁California , ▁Mc End oo ▁played ▁high ▁school ▁football ▁in ▁south west ▁Washington ▁at ▁ ▁Aber de en . ▁Selected ▁in ▁the ▁sevent h ▁round ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁NFL ▁D raft , ▁Mc End oo ▁played ▁one ▁game ▁for ▁Seattle ▁in ▁his ▁ro ok ie ▁season ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 8 ; ▁he ▁was ▁released ▁the ▁following ▁summer ▁on ▁September ▁ 5 , ▁ 1 9 9 9 . ▁ ▁Mar ried ▁for ▁less ▁than ▁a ▁month ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 6 , ▁Mc End oo ▁and ▁his ▁wife ▁Mich elle ▁were ▁passengers ▁in ▁a ▁rol lo ver ▁accident ▁in ▁which ▁she ▁was ▁killed . ▁The |
▁vehicle ▁was ▁driven ▁by ▁team mate ▁Ryan ▁Mc Sh ane , ▁who ▁apparently ▁fell ▁as leep . ▁The ▁three ▁were ▁returning ▁to ▁P ull man ▁after ▁att ending ▁a ▁team mate ' s ▁wed ding ▁in ▁Ta com a , ▁and ▁occurred ▁on ▁Inter state ▁ 9 0 , ▁near ▁Ell ens burg . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 7 5 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : American ▁football ▁cent ers ▁Category : W ashington ▁State ▁C oug ars ▁football ▁players ▁Category : Se attle ▁Se ah aw ks ▁players <0x0A> </s> ▁Anne ▁Herbert , ▁Count ess ▁of ▁P embro ke , ▁Baron ess ▁Herbert ▁of ▁Card iff ▁( 1 5 ▁June ▁ 1 5 1 5 ▁– ▁ 2 0 ▁February ▁ 1 5 5 2 ) ▁was ▁lady - in - wait ing ▁to ▁each ▁of ▁Henry ▁VIII ▁of ▁England ' s ▁six ▁w ives . ▁She ▁was ▁the ▁younger ▁sister ▁of ▁his ▁sixth ▁wife , ▁Catherine ▁Par r . ▁ ▁Early ▁years ▁Anne ▁was ▁born ▁on ▁ 1 5 ▁June ▁ 1 5 1 5 ▁to ▁Sir ▁Thomas ▁Par r ▁and ▁Ma ud ▁Green . ▁She ▁was ▁the ▁young est ▁surv iving ▁child ▁of ▁five , ▁having ▁an ▁older ▁sister ▁Catherine ▁and ▁brother ▁William ▁Par r , ▁ 1 st ▁Mar qu ess ▁of ▁North am pton . ▁In ▁ 1 5 1 7 , ▁when ▁she ▁was ▁two ▁years ▁old , ▁her ▁father ▁died ▁of ▁the ▁swe ating ▁sick ness ▁leaving |
▁her ▁mother ▁a ▁wid ow ▁at ▁twenty - five , ▁pre gn ant , ▁and ▁with ▁the ▁grave ▁responsibility ▁of ▁guard ing ▁the ▁inheritance ▁of ▁the ▁Par r ▁children . ▁Ma ud ▁Green ▁was ▁a ▁lady - in - wait ing ▁and ▁conf id ant ▁to ▁Catherine ▁of ▁Arag on . ▁She ▁was ▁also ▁head ▁of ▁the ▁Royal ▁school ▁at ▁court ▁where ▁Anne ▁was ▁educated ▁alongside ▁her ▁sister ▁Catherine ▁and ▁other ▁daughters ▁of ▁the ▁nob ility . ▁They ▁were ▁taught ▁by ▁the ▁brilliant ▁Human ist ▁scholar ▁Joan ▁L lu ís ▁V ives ▁who ▁was ▁the ▁principal ▁t utor ▁at ▁the ▁Royal ▁school . ▁Anne ▁would ▁have ▁been ▁taught ▁French , ▁Latin , ▁philosophy , ▁the ology , ▁and ▁the ▁Class ics . ▁Ma ud ▁Green ▁had ▁already ▁taught ▁her ▁children ▁to ▁read ▁and ▁write ▁when ▁they ▁were ▁small . ▁Anne ▁herself ▁later ▁said ▁that ▁her ▁education ▁at ▁home ▁was ▁based ▁on ▁the ▁approach ▁used ▁in ▁the ▁family ▁of ▁Sir ▁Thomas ▁More ▁where ▁boys ▁and ▁girls ▁were ▁educated ▁together ; ▁as ▁was ▁the ▁case ▁with ▁the ▁Par rs ▁until ▁her ▁brother ▁left ▁home ▁in ▁ 1 5 2 5 ▁to ▁join ▁the ▁household ▁of ▁Henry ▁Fitz Ro y , ▁ 1 st ▁Duke ▁of ▁Richmond ▁and ▁Som erset . ▁ ▁At ▁court ▁ ▁S omet ime ▁in ▁ 1 5 2 8 , ▁Ma ud ▁Green ▁secured ▁her ▁ 1 3 - year - old ▁daughter , ▁Anne , ▁a ▁post ▁at ▁Court ▁as ▁ma id - of - hon our ▁to ▁Queen ▁Catherine |
▁of ▁Arag on . ▁Anne ▁was ▁then ▁made ▁a ▁w ard ▁of ▁King ▁Henry . ▁When ▁Anne ▁B ole yn ▁was ▁crown ed ▁queen ▁in ▁ 1 5 3 3 , ▁Anne ▁Par r ▁continued ▁in ▁the ▁same ▁capacity ▁as ▁ma id - of - hon our . ▁She ▁quickly ▁succ um bed ▁to ▁the ▁spell ▁of ▁Queen ▁Anne ' s ▁char ism atic ▁person ality ▁and ▁following ▁the ▁Queen ' s ▁example , ▁she ▁became ▁an ▁ar dent ▁supp orter ▁of ▁the ▁New ▁Fa ith . ▁After ▁Anne ▁B ole yn ' s ▁fall ▁from ▁power ▁and ▁subsequent ▁execution , ▁Anne ▁remained ▁at ▁Court ▁in ▁the ▁service ▁of ▁the ▁new ▁queen , ▁Jane ▁Se ym our . ▁Anne ▁Par r ▁served ▁all ▁of ▁Henry ▁VIII ' s ▁que ens ▁from ▁the ▁mid - 1 5 3 0 s , ▁and ▁is ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁few ▁women ▁to ▁have ▁been ▁lady - in - wait ing ▁to ▁all ▁six . ▁She ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁few ▁present ▁at ▁the ▁bapt ism ▁of ▁Prince ▁Edward ▁on ▁ 1 5 ▁October ▁ 1 5 3 7 ▁and ▁was ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁fun eral ▁corte ge ▁of ▁Jane ▁Se ym our . ▁ ▁When ▁King ▁Henry ▁took ▁as ▁his ▁fourth ▁wife ▁Anne ▁of ▁Cle ves , ▁Anne ▁returned ▁to ▁her ▁role ▁as ▁ma id - of - hon our , ▁which ▁she ▁remained ▁in ▁when ▁Queen ▁Anne ▁was ▁supp l anted ▁by ▁Catherine ▁Howard . ▁Following ▁Queen ▁Catherine ' s ▁arrest ▁for ▁ad ul tery , |
▁Anne ▁Par r ▁was ▁entr usted ▁with ▁the ▁Queen ' s ▁j ew els . ▁ ▁Mar riage ▁▁ ▁In ▁February ▁ 1 5 3 8 , ▁Anne ▁married ▁Sir ▁William ▁Herbert , ▁Es quire ▁of ▁the ▁King ' s ▁Body . ▁Herbert ▁was ▁the ▁son ▁of ▁Sir ▁Richard ▁Herbert , ▁the ▁il leg it imate ▁son ▁of ▁William ▁Herbert , ▁ 1 st ▁Earl ▁of ▁P embro ke . ▁It ▁is ▁likely ▁that ▁Anne ▁met ▁her ▁husband ▁at ▁court . ▁It ▁is ▁not ▁known ▁whether ▁or ▁not ▁the ▁marriage ▁was ▁a ▁love ▁match , ▁but ▁both ▁Anne ▁and ▁her ▁sister ▁Catherine ▁had ▁been ▁attract ed ▁to ▁dash ing ▁men ▁of ▁action ▁who ▁were ▁slightly ▁dis re put able . ▁The ▁Her berts , ▁due ▁to ▁King ▁Henry ' s ▁newly ▁found ▁inf atu ation ▁for ▁Catherine , ▁appeared ▁to ▁be ▁in ▁the ▁King ' s ▁favour , ▁as ▁for ▁the ▁next ▁few ▁years ▁Anne ▁and ▁her ▁husband ▁received ▁a ▁succession ▁of ▁Royal ▁gr ants ▁which ▁included ▁the ▁Ab bey ▁of ▁Wil ton ▁in ▁W ilt shire ▁( p ul led ▁down ▁and ▁built ▁over ▁for ▁Wil ton ▁House ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 5 4 0 s ), ▁Rem es bury ▁( n orth ▁W ilt shire ), ▁and ▁Card iff ▁Castle . ▁They ▁also ▁used ▁Bay n ard ' s ▁Castle ▁as ▁their ▁London ▁residence . ▁Anne ▁had ▁three ▁children ▁by ▁her ▁husband : ▁Henry , ▁who ▁succeeded ▁his ▁father ; ▁Edward ▁Herbert ; ▁and ▁Anne ▁Herbert . ▁For ▁the ▁birth ▁of |
▁her ▁second ▁son , ▁Anne ' s ▁sister ▁loan ed ▁her ▁the ▁man or ▁of ▁Han worth ▁in ▁M idd les ex ▁for ▁her ▁lying ▁in . ▁After ▁the ▁birth , ▁Anne ▁visited ▁Lady ▁H ert ford , ▁who ▁had ▁also ▁just ▁given ▁birth , ▁at ▁Sy on ▁House ▁near ▁Richmond . ▁In ▁August , ▁the ▁queen ▁sent ▁a ▁bar ge ▁to ▁bring ▁Anne ▁by ▁river ▁from ▁Sy on ▁back ▁to ▁West min ster . ▁ ▁Queen ' s ▁sister ▁ ▁Anne ▁Par r ▁was ▁a ▁witness ▁to ▁the ▁wed ding ▁ceremony ▁performed ▁at ▁Ham pton ▁Court ▁Palace ▁on ▁ 1 2 ▁July ▁ 1 5 4 3 , ▁when ▁King ▁Henry ▁married ▁her ▁sister ▁Catherine . ▁In ▁September ▁ 1 5 4 4 , ▁William ▁Herbert ▁was ▁kn ight ed ▁on ▁the ▁battle field ▁at ▁the ▁Sie ge ▁of ▁Bou log ne ▁during ▁the ▁King ' s ▁campaign ▁against ▁the ▁French . ▁Anne ▁was ▁her ▁sister ' s ▁chief ▁lady - in - wait ing ▁and ▁the ▁sister s ▁were ▁close . ▁Anne ▁was ▁also ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁cli que ▁of ▁Protest ants ▁who ▁surrounded ▁the ▁new ▁Queen . ▁In ▁ 1 5 4 6 , ▁fellow ▁Protest ant ▁Anne ▁As ke w ▁was ▁arrested ▁for ▁her es y . ▁Those ▁who ▁opposed ▁the ▁Queen ▁tried ▁to ▁gain ▁a ▁conf ession ▁from ▁As ke w ▁that ▁the ▁Queen , ▁her ▁sister , ▁and ▁the ▁other ▁women ▁were ▁Protest ants . ▁Queen ▁Catherine ▁and ▁some ▁of ▁her ▁closest ▁friends ▁had ▁previously ▁shown ▁favour |
▁to ▁the ▁arrested ▁woman . ▁Stephen ▁Gard iner , ▁Bishop ▁of ▁Win chester ; ▁Thomas ▁W ri oth es ley ; ▁and ▁Richard ▁Rich ▁were ▁involved ▁in ▁tort uring ▁Anne ▁As ke w ▁and ▁inter rog ating ▁her ▁about ▁her ▁connections ▁to ▁the ▁ladies ▁at ▁court ▁who ▁were ▁sus pected ▁to ▁be ▁Protest ants , ▁in ▁particular : ▁Anne ▁Par r ; ▁the ▁Queen ; ▁K atherine ▁Will ough by ; ▁Anne ▁Stan ho pe ; ▁and ▁Anne ▁Cal th or pe , ▁Count ess ▁of ▁Sus sex . ▁Gard iner ▁and ▁W ri oth es ley ▁obtained ▁the ▁King ’ s ▁permission ▁to ▁arrest ▁and ▁question ▁the ▁Queen ▁about ▁her ▁religious ▁belief s . ▁ ▁Catherine ▁visited ▁the ▁King ▁in ▁his ▁bed ch am ber ▁and ▁ad roit ly ▁managed ▁to ▁persu ade ▁the ▁King ▁that ▁her ▁interest ▁in ▁the ▁new ▁religion ▁had ▁been ▁undert aken ▁sole ly ▁as ▁a ▁means ▁to ▁provide ▁stim ulating ▁conversation ▁to ▁dist ract ▁the ▁King ▁from ▁the ▁pain ▁caused ▁by ▁his ▁ul cer ous ▁leg . ▁Henry ▁was ▁appe ased , ▁and ▁before ▁the ▁arr ests ▁were ▁due ▁to ▁take ▁place , ▁he ▁was ▁recon ci led ▁to ▁Catherine . ▁On ▁ 2 8 ▁January ▁ 1 5 4 7 , ▁the ▁King ▁died . ▁After ▁Henry ▁VIII ' s ▁death , ▁when ▁the ▁queen ▁dow ager ' s ▁household ▁was ▁at ▁Ch else a , ▁both ▁Anne ▁and ▁her ▁son ▁Edward ▁were ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁household ▁there . ▁Her ▁husband , ▁William ▁Herbert ▁was ▁appointed |
▁as ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁guard ians ▁to ▁the ▁new ▁king , ▁Edward ▁VI . ▁Catherine ▁shortly ▁after ward ▁married ▁Thomas ▁Se ym our , ▁Lord ▁S ude ley , ▁Lord ▁High ▁Admir al ▁of ▁England , ▁who ▁was ▁an ▁uncle ▁of ▁King ▁Edward . ▁In ▁September ▁ 1 5 4 8 , ▁following ▁the ▁birth ▁of ▁a ▁daughter , ▁Mary ▁Se ym our , ▁Catherine ▁Par r ▁died ▁of ▁pu er per al ▁fe ver . ▁ ▁Later ▁life ▁On ▁ 1 0 ▁October ▁ 1 5 5 1 , ▁Anne ' s ▁husband ▁was ▁raised ▁to ▁the ▁peer age ▁as ▁Baron ▁Herbert ▁of ▁Card iff ▁and ▁on ▁ 1 1 ▁October ▁ 1 5 5 1 ▁was ▁created ▁Earl ▁of ▁P embro ke . ▁In ▁ 1 5 5 3 ▁he ▁received ▁the ▁dis g rac ed ▁Duke ▁of ▁Som erset ' s ▁W ilt shire ▁est ates , ▁including ▁R ams bury ▁and ▁a ▁newly ▁built ▁m ansion ▁at ▁Bed win ▁Bro il , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁extensive ▁wood land ▁on ▁the ▁borders ▁of ▁the ▁New ▁Forest . ▁The ▁Her berts ▁had ▁been ▁friends ▁of ▁Som erset ▁until ▁he ▁fell ▁from ▁favour . ▁Herbert ▁was ▁also ▁granted , ▁on ▁the ▁att ain der ▁of ▁Sir ▁Thomas ▁A rund ell , ▁Ward our ▁Castle ▁and ▁park , ▁and ▁he ▁obtained ▁some ▁property ▁which ▁had ▁belonged ▁to ▁the ▁dioc ese ▁of ▁Win chester . ▁ ▁The ▁Ward our ▁property ▁subsequently ▁revert ed ▁to ▁the ▁A rund ell ▁family ▁by ▁exchange ▁and ▁purchase , |
▁but ▁P embro ke ' s ▁increase ▁of ▁wealth ▁exceed ed ▁that ▁of ▁any ▁of ▁his ▁colle agues . ▁ ▁Anne ▁died ▁on ▁ 2 0 ▁February ▁ 1 5 5 2 . ▁At ▁the ▁time ▁of ▁her ▁death , ▁she ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁ladies ▁of ▁the ▁Lady ▁Mary , ▁the ▁future ▁Queen ▁Mary ▁I . ▁William ▁married ▁as ▁his ▁second ▁wife , ▁Anne ▁Tal bot , ▁but ▁the ▁marriage ▁produced ▁no ▁children . ▁Through ▁her ▁sons , ▁Anne ▁has ▁many ▁descend ants , ▁including ▁the ▁present - day ▁Ear ls ▁of ▁P embro ke , ▁Mont gom ery , ▁and ▁Car nar von . ▁ ▁Anne ▁was ▁buried ▁on ▁ 2 8 ▁February ▁ 1 5 5 2 ▁in ▁the ▁Old ▁St ▁Paul ' s ▁C athedral ▁in ▁the ▁City ▁of ▁London , ▁next ▁to ▁her ▁ancest or ▁John ▁of ▁Ga unt , ▁ 1 st ▁Duke ▁of ▁Lanc aster . ▁Her ▁husband ▁died ▁on ▁ 1 7 ▁March ▁ 1 5 7 0 ▁and ▁by ▁his ▁wish ▁was ▁also ▁buried ▁in ▁St ▁Paul ' s . ▁Anne ' s ▁mem orial ▁there ▁described ▁her ▁in ▁Latin ▁as ▁" a ▁most ▁faithful ▁wife , ▁a ▁woman ▁of ▁the ▁greatest ▁p iety ▁and ▁dis cret ion ". ▁ ▁Issue ▁ ▁Anne ▁Par r ▁and ▁William ▁Herbert ▁had ▁three ▁children : ▁▁ ▁Henry ▁Herbert , ▁ 2 nd ▁Earl ▁of ▁P embro ke ▁( c . ▁ 1 5 3 9 – 1 6 0 1 ). ▁On ▁ 2 1 ▁May ▁ |
1 5 5 3 , ▁married ▁Catherine ▁Grey . ▁The ▁marriage ▁was ▁ann ul led ▁in ▁ 1 5 5 4 . ▁His ▁second ▁wife ▁was ▁Catherine ▁Tal bot , ▁daughter ▁of ▁George ▁Tal bot , ▁ 6 th ▁Earl ▁of ▁Sh rew s bury . ▁His ▁third ▁wife ▁was ▁Mary ▁Sid ney ▁by ▁whom ▁he ▁had ▁children , ▁including ▁William ▁and ▁Philip , ▁both ▁of ▁whom ▁would ▁acc ede ▁to ▁the ▁Ear ld om ▁of ▁P embro ke . ▁ ▁Sir ▁Edward ▁Herbert ▁( 1 5 4 7 – 1 5 9 5 ), ▁married ▁Mary ▁Stanley , ▁by ▁whom ▁he ▁had ▁issue ▁including ▁William ▁Herbert , ▁ 1 st ▁Baron ▁Pow is . ▁ ▁Lady ▁Anne ▁Herbert ▁( 1 5 5 0 – 1 5 9 2 ), ▁married ▁Francis , ▁Lord ▁Tal bot , ▁son ▁of ▁George ▁Tal bot , ▁ 6 th ▁Earl ▁of ▁Sh rew s bury . ▁There ▁is ▁no ▁known ▁issue ▁from ▁this ▁marriage . ▁ ▁Dep ict ions ▁in ▁television ▁and ▁film ▁▁ ▁Anne ▁Par r ▁( L ady ▁Herbert ) ▁was ▁dep icted ▁by ▁Irish ▁actress , ▁Su zy ▁Law lor ▁in ▁the ▁fourth ▁and ▁final ▁season ▁of ▁The ▁T ud ors . ▁In ▁the ▁programme ▁she ▁is ▁a ▁lady - in - wait ing ▁to ▁Queen ▁Catherine ▁Howard ▁( T am zin ▁Mer chant ) ▁and ▁chief ▁ma id - of - hon or ▁to ▁her ▁sister , ▁Queen ▁Catherine ▁Par r ▁( Jo ely ▁Richard son ). ▁ ▁References ▁▁▁▁ ▁google ▁books |
▁preview ▁ ▁Category : English ▁count esses ▁Category : W omen ▁of ▁the ▁T ud or ▁period ▁Category : 1 5 1 5 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 5 5 2 ▁death s ▁Category : English ▁ladies - in - wait ing ▁Category : 1 6 th - century ▁English ▁women ▁Category : 1 6 th - century ▁English ▁nob ility ▁Anne ▁Category : B ur ial s ▁at ▁St ▁Paul ' s ▁C athedral ▁Category : Par r ▁family <0x0A> </s> ▁, ▁officially ▁the ▁, ▁ ▁is ▁a ▁▁ ▁in ▁the ▁province ▁of ▁, ▁. ▁According ▁to ▁the ▁, ▁it ▁has ▁a ▁population ▁of ▁ ▁people . ▁ ▁Form er ly ▁known ▁as ▁Cab unt og , ▁it ▁is ▁home ▁to ▁annual ▁international ▁and ▁national ▁sur f ing ▁compet itions ▁because ▁of ▁the ▁Cloud ▁ 9 ▁waves . ▁As ▁a ▁result , ▁the ▁town ▁has ▁the ▁reputation ▁as ▁the ▁" Sur f ing ▁Capital ▁of ▁the ▁Philippines ." ▁ ▁Geography ▁General ▁L una ▁is ▁located ▁ ▁east ▁of ▁D apa ▁and ▁about ▁ ▁from ▁Sur iga o ▁City . ▁The ▁islands ▁of ▁An ah aw an , ▁D aku , ▁and ▁La ▁Janu za ▁are ▁within ▁the ▁municipality ' s ▁juris diction . ▁The ▁area ▁is ▁protected ▁within ▁the ▁ ▁Si arg ao ▁Islands ▁Prote cted ▁Land sc apes ▁and ▁Se as cap es ▁( SI PL AS ) ▁under ▁Republic ▁Act ▁ 7 5 8 6 ▁( N IP AS ▁Act ). ▁ ▁Bar ang ays ▁ ▁General ▁L una ▁is |
▁polit ically ▁sub div ided ▁into ▁ 1 9 ▁bar ang ays , ▁fifteen ▁( 1 5 ) ▁of ▁which ▁are ▁located ▁on ▁Si arg ao ▁Island ▁while ▁four ▁( 4 ) ▁are ▁on ▁the ▁other ▁outer ▁islands . ▁ ▁Dem ograph ics ▁ ▁Cl imate ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁List ▁of ▁renamed ▁cities ▁and ▁municipal ities ▁in ▁the ▁Philippines ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁General ▁L una , ▁its more fun int he ph ili pp ines . com ▁ ▁Philipp ine ▁Standard ▁Geographic ▁Code ▁ ▁Philipp ine ▁Census ▁Information ▁ ▁Local ▁Govern ance ▁Performance ▁Management ▁System ▁ ▁Category : M unicip al ities ▁of ▁Sur iga o ▁del ▁Norte <0x0A> </s> ▁NGC ▁ 3 1 9 ▁is ▁a ▁spir al ▁galax y ▁in ▁the ▁const ell ation ▁Phoenix . ▁It ▁was ▁first ▁discovered ▁on ▁September ▁ 5 , ▁ 1 8 3 4 ▁by ▁John ▁H ersch el . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : G al ax ies ▁discovered ▁in ▁ 1 8 3 4 ▁ 0 3 1 9 ▁ 1 8 3 4 0 9 0 5 ▁Category : P ho enix ▁( const ell ation ) ▁Category : Inter mediate ▁spir al ▁galaxies <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Was ps ▁() ▁is ▁the ▁fourth ▁in ▁chron ological ▁order ▁of ▁the ▁eleven ▁surv iving ▁plays ▁by ▁Arist oph anes , ▁the ▁master ▁of ▁an ▁ancient ▁genre ▁of ▁drama ▁called ▁' Old ▁Com edy '. ▁It ▁was ▁produced ▁at ▁the ▁L ena ia ▁festival ▁in ▁ 4 2 2 ▁BC , ▁a |
▁time ▁when ▁Ath ens ▁was ▁enjo ying ▁a ▁brief ▁resp ite ▁from ▁the ▁Pel op onn esian ▁War ▁following ▁a ▁one - year ▁tr uce ▁with ▁Spart a . ▁ ▁As ▁in ▁his ▁other ▁early ▁plays , ▁Arist oph anes ▁s ati riz es ▁the ▁dem agog ue ▁Cle on , ▁but ▁in ▁The ▁Was ps ▁he ▁also ▁rid ic ules ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁A then ian ▁institutions ▁that ▁provided ▁Cle on ▁with ▁his ▁power ▁base : ▁the ▁law ▁courts . ▁The ▁play ▁has ▁been ▁thought ▁to ▁exempl ify ▁the ▁convent ions ▁of ▁Old ▁Com edy ▁better ▁than ▁any ▁other ▁play , ▁and ▁it ▁has ▁been ▁considered ▁to ▁be ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁world ' s ▁greatest ▁com ed ies . ▁ ▁Plot ▁The ▁play ▁begins ▁with ▁a ▁strange ▁scene — a ▁large ▁net ▁has ▁been ▁spread ▁over ▁a ▁house , ▁the ▁entry ▁is ▁bar ric aded ▁and ▁two ▁slaves , ▁X anth ias ▁and ▁S os ias , ▁are ▁sleep ing ▁in ▁the ▁street ▁outside . ▁A ▁third ▁man ▁is ▁position ed ▁at ▁the ▁top ▁of ▁an ▁exterior ▁wall ▁with ▁a ▁view ▁into ▁the ▁inner ▁cour ty ard ▁but ▁he ▁too ▁is ▁as leep . ▁The ▁two ▁slaves ▁w ake ▁and ▁we ▁learn ▁from ▁their ▁ban ter ▁that ▁they ▁are ▁keeping ▁guard ▁over ▁a ▁" mon ster ." ▁The ▁man ▁as leep ▁above ▁them ▁is ▁their ▁master ▁and ▁the ▁mon ster ▁is ▁his ▁father — he ▁has ▁an ▁unusual ▁disease . ▁X anth ias ▁and ▁S os ias ▁challenge ▁the ▁audience ▁to ▁guess |
▁the ▁nature ▁of ▁the ▁disease . ▁Add ict ions ▁to ▁g amb ling , ▁drink ▁and ▁good ▁times ▁are ▁suggested ▁but ▁they ▁are ▁all ▁wrong — the ▁father ▁is ▁add icted ▁to ▁the ▁law ▁court : ▁he ▁is ▁a ▁ph ile li ast es ▁() ▁or ▁a ▁" tri al oph ile ." ▁The ▁man ' s ▁name ▁is ▁Phil oc le on ▁( which ▁suggests ▁that ▁he ▁might ▁be ▁add icted ▁to ▁Cle on ), ▁and ▁his ▁son ' s ▁name ▁is ▁the ▁very ▁opposite ▁of ▁this — B d ely cle on . ▁The ▁sympt oms ▁of ▁the ▁old ▁man ' s ▁add iction ▁include ▁irregular ▁sleep , ▁ob session al ▁thinking , ▁par ano ia , ▁poor ▁h yg iene ▁and ▁ho arding . ▁Coun s elling , ▁medical ▁treatment ▁and ▁travel ▁have ▁all ▁failed ▁to ▁solve ▁the ▁problem , ▁and ▁now ▁his ▁son ▁has ▁turned ▁the ▁house ▁into ▁a ▁prison ▁to ▁keep ▁the ▁old ▁man ▁away ▁from ▁the ▁law ▁courts . ▁▁ ▁Bd ely cle on ▁w akes ▁and ▁he ▁sh outs ▁to ▁the ▁two ▁slaves ▁to ▁be ▁on ▁their ▁guard — his ▁father ▁is ▁moving ▁about . ▁He ▁tells ▁them ▁to ▁watch ▁the ▁dra ins , ▁for ▁the ▁old ▁man ▁can ▁move ▁like ▁a ▁mouse , ▁but ▁Phil oc le on ▁surpr ises ▁them ▁all ▁by ▁emer ging ▁instead ▁from ▁the ▁chim ney ▁dis gu ised ▁as ▁smoke . ▁Bd ely cle on ▁is ▁luck ily ▁on ▁hand ▁to ▁push ▁him ▁back ▁inside . ▁Other ▁attempts ▁at ▁escape |
▁are ▁also ▁bare ly ▁defeated . ▁The ▁household ▁sett les ▁down ▁for ▁some ▁more ▁sleep ▁and ▁then ▁the ▁Ch orus ▁arriv es — old ▁jur ors ▁who ▁move ▁war ily ▁through ▁the ▁mud dy ▁roads ▁and ▁are ▁esc orted ▁by ▁boys ▁with ▁l amps ▁through ▁the ▁dark . ▁Learning ▁of ▁their ▁old ▁com rade ' s ▁imprison ment , ▁they ▁le ap ▁to ▁his ▁defense ▁and ▁sw arm ▁around ▁Bd ely cle on ▁and ▁his ▁slaves ▁like ▁was ps . ▁At ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁this ▁f ray , ▁Phil oc le on ▁is ▁still ▁bare ly ▁in ▁his ▁son ' s ▁cust ody ▁and ▁both ▁sides ▁are ▁willing ▁to ▁sett le ▁the ▁issue ▁peace fully ▁through ▁debate . ▁ ▁The ▁debate ▁between ▁the ▁Phil oc le on ▁and ▁Bd ely cle on ▁focus es ▁on ▁the ▁advantages ▁that ▁the ▁old ▁man ▁personally ▁der ives ▁from ▁volunt ary ▁j ury ▁service . ▁Phil oc le on ▁says ▁he ▁enjo ys ▁the ▁fl atter ing ▁att ent ions ▁of ▁rich ▁and ▁powerful ▁men ▁who ▁appeal ▁to ▁him ▁for ▁a ▁fav ou rable ▁ver dict , ▁he ▁enjo ys ▁the ▁freedom ▁to ▁interpret ▁the ▁law ▁as ▁he ▁ple ases ▁since ▁his ▁dec isions ▁are ▁not ▁subject ▁to ▁review , ▁and ▁his ▁jur or ' s ▁pay ▁gives ▁him ▁independence ▁and ▁authority ▁within ▁his ▁own ▁household . ▁Bd ely cle on ▁respond s ▁to ▁these ▁points ▁with ▁the ▁argument ▁that ▁jur ors ▁are ▁in ▁fact ▁subject ▁to ▁the ▁dem ands ▁of ▁pet ty ▁officials ▁and ▁they ▁get |
▁paid ▁less ▁than ▁they ▁des erve — reven ues ▁from ▁the ▁emp ire ▁go ▁mostly ▁into ▁the ▁private ▁tre as uries ▁of ▁men ▁like ▁Cle on . ▁These ▁arguments ▁have ▁a ▁par al ys ing ▁effect ▁on ▁Phil oc le on . ▁The ▁ch orus ▁is ▁won ▁over . ▁▁ ▁Phil oc le on ▁ref uses ▁to ▁give ▁up ▁his ▁old ▁ways , ▁so ▁Bd ely cle on ▁offers ▁to ▁turn ▁the ▁house ▁into ▁a ▁court room ▁and ▁to ▁pay ▁him ▁a ▁jur or ' s ▁fee ▁to ▁judge ▁domestic ▁disput es . ▁Phil oc le on ▁agre es , ▁and ▁a ▁case ▁is ▁soon ▁brought ▁before ▁him — a ▁dispute ▁between ▁the ▁household ▁dogs . ▁One ▁dog ▁( who ▁looks ▁like ▁Cle on ) ▁acc uses ▁the ▁other ▁dog ▁( who ▁looks ▁like ▁L aches ) ▁of ▁ste aling ▁a ▁Sic ilian ▁che ese ▁and ▁not ▁sharing ▁it . ▁Wit ness es ▁for ▁the ▁defense ▁include ▁a ▁bow l , ▁a ▁p est le , ▁a ▁che ese - gr ater , ▁a ▁bra z ier ▁and ▁a ▁pot . ▁As ▁these ▁are ▁unable ▁to ▁speak , ▁Bd ely cle on ▁says ▁a ▁few ▁words ▁for ▁them ▁on ▁beh alf ▁of ▁the ▁accused . ▁A ▁group ▁of ▁pu pp ies ▁( the ▁children ▁of ▁the ▁accused ) ▁is ▁us her ed ▁in ▁to ▁soft en ▁the ▁heart ▁of ▁the ▁old ▁jur or ▁with ▁their ▁pla int ive ▁c ries . ▁Phil oc le on ▁is ▁not ▁soft ened , ▁but ▁his ▁son |
▁easily ▁f ools ▁him ▁into ▁putting ▁his ▁vote ▁into ▁the ▁ur n ▁for ▁acqu itt al . ▁The ▁old ▁jur or ▁is ▁deeply ▁shock ed ▁by ▁the ▁outcome ▁of ▁the ▁trial — he ▁is ▁used ▁to ▁conv ict ions — but ▁his ▁son ▁promises ▁him ▁a ▁good ▁time ▁and ▁they ▁exit ▁the ▁stage ▁to ▁prepare ▁for ▁some ▁entertain ment . ▁ ▁While ▁the ▁actors ▁are ▁off stage , ▁the ▁Ch orus ▁addresses ▁the ▁audience ▁in ▁a ▁conventional ▁par ab asis . ▁It ▁pra ises ▁the ▁author ▁for ▁standing ▁up ▁to ▁mon sters ▁like ▁Cle on ▁and ▁it ▁ch ast ises ▁the ▁audience ▁for ▁its ▁failure ▁to ▁appreciate ▁the ▁mer its ▁of ▁the ▁author ' s ▁previous ▁play ▁( The ▁Cloud s ). ▁It ▁pra ises ▁the ▁older ▁generation , ▁ev okes ▁mem ories ▁of ▁the ▁victory ▁at ▁Mar athon , ▁and ▁bitter ly ▁de pl ores ▁the ▁g obb ling ▁up ▁of ▁imperial ▁reven ues ▁by ▁un worth y ▁men . ▁Father ▁and ▁son ▁then ▁return ▁to ▁the ▁stage , ▁now ▁arg uing ▁with ▁each ▁other ▁over ▁the ▁old ▁man ' s ▁choice ▁of ▁att ire . ▁He ▁is ▁add icted ▁to ▁his ▁old ▁jur yman ' s ▁clo ak ▁and ▁his ▁old ▁sho es ▁and ▁he ▁is ▁susp icious ▁of ▁the ▁fancy ▁w ool len ▁gar ment ▁and ▁the ▁fashion able ▁Spart an ▁foot we ar ▁that ▁Bd ely cle on ▁wants ▁him ▁to ▁wear ▁that ▁evening ▁to ▁a ▁s oph istic ated ▁dinner ▁party . ▁The ▁fancy ▁clothes ▁are ▁forced ▁upon |
▁him , ▁and ▁he ▁is ▁instruct ed ▁in ▁the ▁kind ▁of ▁man ners ▁and ▁conversation ▁that ▁the ▁other ▁guests ▁will ▁expect ▁of ▁him . ▁At ▁the ▁party , ▁Phil oc le on ▁decl ares ▁his ▁rel uct ance ▁to ▁drink ▁any ▁wine — it ▁causes ▁trouble , ▁he ▁says — but ▁Bd ely cle on ▁ass ures ▁him ▁that ▁s oph istic ated ▁men ▁of ▁the ▁world ▁can ▁easily ▁talk ▁their ▁way ▁out ▁of ▁trouble , ▁and ▁so ▁they ▁depart ▁optim ist ically ▁for ▁the ▁evening ' s ▁entertain ment . ▁▁ ▁There ▁is ▁then ▁a ▁second ▁par ab asis ▁( see ▁Note ▁at ▁end ▁of ▁this ▁section ), ▁in ▁which ▁the ▁Ch orus ▁touch es ▁briefly ▁on ▁a ▁conflict ▁between ▁Cle on ▁and ▁the ▁author , ▁after ▁which ▁a ▁household ▁slave ▁arriv es ▁with ▁news ▁for ▁the ▁audience ▁about ▁the ▁old ▁man ' s ▁app alling ▁behaviour ▁at ▁the ▁dinner ▁party : ▁Phil oc le on ▁has ▁got ▁himself ▁ab us ively ▁dr unk , ▁he ▁has ▁ins ult ed ▁all ▁his ▁son ' s ▁fashion able ▁friends , ▁and ▁now ▁he ▁is ▁assault ing ▁anyone ▁he ▁meets ▁on ▁the ▁way ▁home . ▁The ▁slave ▁dep arts ▁as ▁Phil oc le on ▁arriv es , ▁now ▁with ▁ag gr ieved ▁vict ims ▁on ▁his ▁he els ▁and ▁a ▁pretty ▁fl ute ▁girl ▁on ▁his ▁arm . ▁Bd ely cle on ▁appears ▁moments ▁later ▁and ▁an gr ily ▁rem on str ates ▁with ▁his ▁father ▁for ▁kid n apping ▁the ▁fl ute ▁girl |
▁from ▁the ▁party . ▁Phil oc le on ▁pret ends ▁that ▁she ▁is ▁in ▁fact ▁a ▁tor ch . ▁His ▁son ▁isn ' t ▁foo led ▁and ▁he ▁tries ▁to ▁take ▁the ▁girl ▁back ▁to ▁the ▁party ▁by ▁force ▁but ▁his ▁father ▁knock s ▁him ▁down . ▁Other ▁people ▁with ▁gr iev ances ▁against ▁Phil oc le on ▁continue ▁to ▁arrive , ▁demand ing ▁compens ation ▁and ▁threaten ing ▁legal ▁action . ▁He ▁makes ▁an ▁ir onic ▁attempt ▁to ▁talk ▁his ▁way ▁out ▁of ▁trouble ▁like ▁a ▁s oph istic ated ▁man ▁of ▁the ▁world , ▁but ▁it ▁infl ames ▁the ▁situation ▁further . ▁Finally , ▁his ▁al ar med ▁son ▁drag s ▁him ▁ind o ors . ▁The ▁Ch orus ▁s ings ▁briefly ▁about ▁how ▁difficult ▁it ▁is ▁for ▁men ▁to ▁change ▁their ▁hab its ▁and ▁it ▁comm ends ▁the ▁son ▁for ▁fil ial ▁dev otion , ▁after ▁which ▁the ▁entire ▁cast ▁returns ▁to ▁the ▁stage ▁for ▁some ▁spir ited ▁dan cing ▁by ▁Phil oc le on ▁in ▁a ▁contest ▁with ▁the ▁sons ▁of ▁Car c inus . ▁ ▁Note : ▁Some ▁edit ors ▁( such ▁as ▁Bar rett ) ▁exchange ▁the ▁second ▁par ab asis ▁( lines ▁ 1 2 6 5 – 9 1 ) ▁with ▁the ▁song ▁( lines ▁ 1 4 5 0 – 7 3 ) ▁in ▁which ▁Bd ely cle on ▁is ▁comm ended ▁for ▁fil ial ▁dev otion . ▁ ▁Historical ▁background ▁ ▁Cle on ▁and ▁the ▁A then ian ▁j ury ▁system ▁About ▁two |
▁years ▁before ▁the ▁performance ▁of ▁The ▁Was ps , ▁Ath ens ▁had ▁obtained ▁a ▁significant ▁victory ▁against ▁its ▁rival , ▁Spart a , ▁in ▁the ▁Battle ▁of ▁S ph acter ia . ▁Right ly ▁or ▁wrong ly , ▁most ▁A then ians ▁cred ited ▁Cle on ▁with ▁this ▁victory , ▁and ▁he ▁was ▁then ▁at ▁the ▁height ▁of ▁his ▁power . ▁Constitution ally , ▁supre me ▁power ▁lay ▁with ▁the ▁People ▁as ▁vot ers ▁in ▁the ▁assembly ▁and ▁as ▁jur ors ▁in ▁the ▁courts , ▁but ▁they ▁could ▁be ▁manip ulated ▁by ▁dem agog ues ▁sk illed ▁in ▁or atory ▁and ▁supported ▁by ▁networks ▁of ▁sat ell ites ▁and ▁inform ers . ▁Cle on ▁had ▁succeeded ▁Per icles ▁as ▁the ▁dominant ▁speaker ▁in ▁the ▁assembly , ▁and ▁increasing ly ▁he ▁could ▁manipulate ▁the ▁courts ▁for ▁political ▁and ▁personal ▁ends , ▁especially ▁in ▁the ▁pro sec ution ▁of ▁public ▁officials ▁for ▁mis management ▁of ▁their ▁duties . ▁▁ ▁Jur ors ▁had ▁to ▁be ▁citizens ▁over ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁thirty ▁and ▁a ▁corps ▁of ▁ 6 0 0 0 ▁was ▁en rolled ▁at ▁the ▁beginning ▁of ▁each ▁year , ▁forming ▁a ▁consp ic uous ▁presence ▁about ▁town ▁in ▁their ▁short ▁brown ▁clo aks , ▁with ▁wooden ▁st aves ▁in ▁their ▁hands . ▁The ▁work ▁was ▁volunt ary ▁but ▁time - consum ing ▁and ▁they ▁were ▁paid ▁a ▁small ▁fee : ▁three ▁ob ols ▁per ▁day ▁at ▁the ▁time ▁of ▁The ▁Was ps . ▁For ▁many ▁jur ors , ▁this ▁was ▁their ▁major ▁source ▁of ▁income |
▁and ▁it ▁was ▁virt ually ▁an ▁old - age ▁p ension . ▁There ▁were ▁no ▁jud ges ▁to ▁provide ▁jur ies ▁with ▁legal ▁guidance , ▁and ▁there ▁was ▁no ▁legal ▁appeal ▁against ▁a ▁j ury ' s ▁ver dict . ▁Jur ors ▁came ▁under ▁the ▁s way ▁of ▁lit ig ious ▁polit icians ▁like ▁Cle on ▁who ▁provided ▁them ▁with ▁cases ▁to ▁try ▁and ▁who ▁were ▁influ ential ▁in ▁persu ading ▁the ▁Assembly ▁to ▁keep ▁up ▁their ▁pay . ▁However ▁it ▁is ▁not ▁necessarily ▁true ▁that ▁Cle on ▁was ▁explo iting ▁the ▁system ▁for ▁ven al ▁or ▁cor rupt ▁reasons , ▁as ▁argued ▁in ▁The ▁Was ps . ▁▁ ▁Arist oph anes ' ▁plays ▁promote ▁conserv ative ▁values ▁and ▁support ▁an ▁hon ou rable ▁peace ▁with ▁Spart a , ▁whereas ▁Cle on ▁was ▁a ▁radical ▁dem ocrat ▁and ▁a ▁leader ▁of ▁the ▁pro - war ▁fa ction . ▁Mis under stand ings ▁were ▁in ev itable . ▁Cle on ▁had ▁previously ▁attempted ▁to ▁pro sec ute ▁Arist oph anes ▁for ▁s land ering ▁the ▁pol is ▁with ▁his ▁second ▁play ▁The ▁Bab yl oni ans , ▁and ▁though ▁the ▁legal ▁result ▁of ▁these ▁efforts ▁is ▁unknown , ▁they ▁appear ▁to ▁have ▁sh ar pen ed ▁the ▁poet ' s ▁sat ir ical ▁edge , ▁as ▁ev iden ced ▁later ▁in ▁the ▁un rel ent ing ▁attack ▁on ▁Cle on ▁in ▁The ▁Kn ights . ▁The ▁second ▁par ab asis ▁in ▁The ▁Was ps ▁implies ▁that ▁Cle on ▁ret ali ated ▁for ▁his ▁dr |
ub bing ▁in ▁The ▁Kn ights ▁with ▁yet ▁further ▁efforts ▁to ▁int im id ate ▁or ▁pro sec ute ▁Arist oph anes , ▁and ▁the ▁poet ▁may ▁have ▁public ly ▁yield ed ▁to ▁this ▁pressure ▁for ▁a ▁short ▁time . ▁Wh atever ▁agreement ▁was ▁reached ▁with ▁Cle on , ▁Arist oph anes ▁g lee fully ▁ren eg ed ▁on ▁it ▁in ▁The ▁Was ps , ▁present ing ▁Cle on ▁as ▁a ▁tre acher ous ▁dog ▁manip ulating ▁a ▁cor rupted ▁legal ▁process ▁for ▁personal ▁gain . ▁ ▁Some ▁events ▁that ▁influenced ▁The ▁Was ps ▁ 4 3 1 : ▁The ▁Pel op onn esian ▁War ▁comm enced . ▁ 4 2 6 : ▁Arist oph anes ▁won ▁first ▁prize ▁at ▁the ▁City ▁D ion ys ia ▁with ▁his ▁second ▁play , ▁The ▁Bab yl oni ans ▁( now ▁lost ), ▁and ▁he ▁was ▁subsequently ▁pro sec uted ▁by ▁Cle on ▁for ▁being ▁the ▁author ▁of ▁s land ers ▁against ▁the ▁pol is . ▁ 4 2 5 : ▁Ath ens ▁obtained ▁a ▁significant ▁victory ▁against ▁Spart a ▁in ▁the ▁Battle ▁of ▁S ph acter ia ▁and ▁Cle on ▁successfully ▁claimed ▁responsibility ▁for ▁it . ▁ 4 2 4 : ▁Arist oph anes ▁won ▁first ▁prize ▁at ▁the ▁L ena ia ▁with ▁The ▁Kn ights ▁in ▁which ▁he ▁l am po oned ▁Cle on ▁mer cil ess ly . ▁ 4 2 3 : ▁Ath ens ▁and ▁Spart a ▁agreed ▁to ▁a ▁one - year ▁tr uce . ▁Arist oph anes ' ▁play ▁The |
▁Cloud s ▁came ▁third ▁( i . e . ▁last ). ▁ 4 2 2 : ▁The ▁Was ps ▁was ▁performed ▁at ▁the ▁L ena ia , ▁winning ▁second ▁place . ▁ ▁Places ▁and ▁people ▁mentioned ▁in ▁The ▁Was ps ▁ ▁According ▁to ▁a ▁character ▁in ▁Pl ut arch ' s ▁D inner - table ▁Disc uss ion , ▁( written ▁some ▁ 5 0 0 ▁years ▁after ▁The ▁Was ps ▁was ▁produced ), ▁Old ▁Com edy ▁needs ▁comment ators ▁to ▁explain ▁its ▁ab stru se ▁references , ▁in ▁the ▁same ▁way ▁that ▁a ▁ban quet ▁needs ▁wine ▁wait ers . ▁Here ▁is ▁the ▁wine ▁list ▁for ▁The ▁Was ps ▁as ▁supplied ▁by ▁modern ▁sch ol ars . ▁ ▁Places ▁▁ ▁Meg ara : ▁a ▁neighbour ▁and ▁histor ically ▁a ▁rival ▁to ▁Ath ens , ▁it ▁is ▁mentioned ▁in ▁line ▁ 5 7 ▁as ▁the ▁re put ed ▁origin ▁of ▁com ic ▁drama . ▁Law ▁Cour ts : ▁Ath ens ▁had ▁ten ▁law ▁courts ▁in ▁ 4 2 2 ▁BC , ▁of ▁which ▁these ▁three ▁are ▁mentioned ▁here ▁by ▁name : ▁The ▁New ▁Court ▁in ▁line ▁ 1 2 0 , ▁The ▁Court ▁at ▁Ly k os ▁in ▁line ▁ 3 8 9 ▁ ▁and ▁The ▁O de ion ▁in ▁line ▁ 1 1 0 9 . ▁As cle pie ia : ▁Tem ples ▁dedicated ▁to ▁the ▁god ▁of ▁he aling , ▁the ▁one ▁mentioned ▁in ▁line ▁ 1 2 3 ▁was ▁located ▁near ▁Ath ens ▁on ▁the ▁island ▁of ▁A egin a |
. ▁Del phi : ▁One ▁of ▁the ▁most ▁sacred ▁sites ▁in ▁Greece , ▁it ▁is ▁said ▁by ▁Phil oc le on ▁in ▁line ▁ 1 5 9 ▁to ▁be ▁the ▁source ▁of ▁a ▁fear ful ▁prop he cy ▁concerning ▁himself . ▁Sc ione : ▁A ▁city ▁on ▁the ▁prom ont ory ▁of ▁Chal cid ice , ▁it ▁revol ted ▁against ▁A then ian ▁rule ▁two ▁days ▁after ▁the ▁A then ian ▁tr uce ▁with ▁Spart a ▁and ▁it ▁was ▁now ▁under ▁sie ge ; ▁this ▁was ▁the ▁only ▁fighting ▁A then ians ▁were ▁engaged ▁in ▁at ▁that ▁time . ▁Bd ely cle on ▁says ▁in ▁line ▁ 2 1 0 ▁that ▁he ▁would ▁rather ▁serve ▁there ▁than ▁guard ▁his ▁father . ▁By z ant ium : ▁Origin ally ▁captured ▁from ▁Pers ian ▁forces ▁by ▁the ▁Gree ks ▁in ▁ 4 7 8 ▁BC , ▁and ▁subsequently ▁taken ▁from ▁the ▁control ▁of ▁P aus an ias ▁by ▁the ▁A then ians ▁in ▁ 4 7 6 , ▁a ▁g arrison ▁had ▁been ▁station ed ▁there ▁ever ▁since ▁its ▁revol t ▁from ▁A then ian ▁rule ▁in ▁ 4 4 0 - 4 3 9 . ▁The ▁Ch orus ▁of ▁old ▁jur ors ▁mention ▁it ▁in ▁line ▁ 2 3 6 ▁while ▁rem in is cing ▁about ▁their ▁time ▁as ▁soldiers ▁there . ▁Sam os : ▁An ▁island ▁that ▁had ▁revol ted ▁from ▁A then ian ▁rule ▁in ▁ 4 4 0 ▁BC , ▁it ▁is ▁mentioned ▁in ▁line ▁ 2 3 8 ▁in ▁reference |
▁to ▁a ▁Sam ian ▁( poss ibly ▁a ▁man ▁named ▁C ary st ion ) ▁who ▁had ▁bet rayed ▁his ▁own ▁pol is ▁out ▁of ▁his ▁re put ed ▁love ▁for ▁Ath ens ▁and ▁who ▁had ▁recently ▁been ▁acqu itted ▁of ▁some ▁charge . ▁Th race : ▁A ▁region ▁of ▁strateg ic ▁significance ▁in ▁the ▁Pel op onn esian ▁War , ▁the ▁Ch orus ▁mentions ▁it ▁in ▁line ▁ 2 8 8 ▁in ▁relation ▁to ▁the ▁imp ending ▁trial ▁of ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁' tra itors ' ▁there ▁( poss ibly ▁a ▁reference ▁to ▁Th u cy d ides , ▁who ▁had ▁been ▁pro sec uted ▁by ▁Cle on ▁the ▁previous ▁year ▁after ▁the ▁A then ian ▁defeat ▁at ▁Am ph ip olis . ▁N ax os : ▁Sub j ug ated ▁by ▁the ▁A then ians ▁around ▁ 4 7 0 ▁BC , ▁the ▁Ch orus ▁mentions ▁it ▁in ▁line ▁ 3 5 5 ▁while ▁recall ing ▁a ▁soldier ' s ▁pr ank ▁perpet r ated ▁there ▁by ▁Phil oc le on . ▁Pont us ▁and ▁S ardin ia : ▁M ention ed ▁in ▁line ▁ 7 0 0 ▁by ▁Bd ely cle on ▁as ▁the ▁eastern ▁and ▁western ▁limits ▁of ▁the ▁A then ian ▁emp ire . ▁Mar athon : ▁The ▁site ▁of ▁the ▁celebrated ▁A then ian ▁victory ▁against ▁Pers ia , ▁it ▁is ▁mentioned ▁in ▁line ▁ 7 1 1 ▁by ▁Bd ely cle on ▁in ▁reference ▁to ▁what ▁is ▁ow ed ▁to ▁A then ians ▁by ▁other ▁Gree |
ks . ▁E ub o ia ▁S ett led ▁by ▁A then ians ▁through ▁a ▁cler uch y , ▁it ▁was ▁a ▁key ▁source ▁of ▁gra in ▁and ▁is ▁mentioned ▁in ▁line ▁ 7 1 5 ▁by ▁Bd ely cle on ▁as ▁a ▁syn onym ▁for ▁vote - bu ying . ▁Sic ily : ▁The ▁island ▁was ▁famous ▁for ▁its ▁che eses ▁and ▁its ▁mention ▁in ▁line ▁ 8 3 8 ▁helps ▁to ▁identify ▁the ▁che ese - ste aling ▁dog ▁Lab es ▁as ▁a ▁com ic ▁representation ▁of ▁the ▁A then ian ▁general ▁L aches , ▁who ▁led ▁an ▁A then ian ▁force ▁there ▁in ▁ 4 2 7 ▁BC . ▁K ud ath ena ion ▁and ▁Z ix one : ▁Res pect ively ▁the ▁de me ▁of ▁C yl on ▁in ▁Ath ens ▁and ▁the ▁acc using ▁dog , ▁and ▁the ▁de me ▁of ▁L aches ▁and ▁the ▁accused ▁dog ▁( on ▁the ▁coast ▁about ▁eight ▁miles ▁south ▁of ▁Ath ens ) ▁– ▁both ▁dem es ▁are ▁mentioned ▁in ▁line ▁ 8 9 5 . ▁Th y ma it ado i : ▁A ▁village ▁near ▁the ▁P ira eus , ▁it ▁was ▁a ▁source ▁of ▁rough ▁clo aks ▁that ▁the ▁uns oph istic ated ▁Phil oc le on ▁is ▁unable ▁to ▁distinguish ▁from ▁the ▁expensive ▁clo aks ▁worn ▁in ▁S ard is ▁and ▁w oven ▁in ▁E c bat ana ▁( common ▁destin ations ▁for ▁A then ian ▁diplom ats ), ▁as ▁stated ▁in ▁lines ▁ 1 1 3 8 – |
4 3 . ▁Par os : ▁An ▁island ▁that ▁Phil oc le on ▁once ▁visited ▁for ▁two ▁ob ols ▁a ▁day ▁( i . e . ▁as ▁a ▁ro wer ▁in ▁the ▁A then ian ▁n avy ) ▁– ▁which ▁was ▁as ▁close ▁to ▁becoming ▁a ▁diplom at ▁as ▁he ▁ever ▁got ▁( line ▁ 1 1 8 9 ). ▁ ▁Po ets ▁and ▁other ▁artists ▁▁ ▁Eur ip ides : ▁Fre qu ently ▁a ▁target ▁of ▁Arist oph anes ' ▁plays , ▁the ▁trag ic ▁poet ▁is ▁mentioned ▁in ▁line ▁ 6 1 ▁as ▁the ▁but t ▁of ▁tired ▁old ▁j okes ▁that ▁are ▁made ▁by ▁other ▁com ic ▁po ets . ▁There ▁are ▁also ▁mock - h ero ic ▁references ▁to ▁his ▁plays ▁B eller oph on , ▁C ret an ▁Women ▁and ▁In o ▁in ▁lines ▁ 7 5 7 , ▁ 7 6 3 , ▁ 1 4 1 4 . ▁E c ph ant ides : ▁A ▁com ic ▁poet ▁of ▁a ▁previous ▁generation ▁known ▁for ▁his ▁obsc urity , ▁he ▁is ▁referred ▁to ▁in ▁line ▁ 1 5 1 ▁by ▁his ▁nick name ▁Cap ni as ▁( S mo key ). ▁Ph ry n ich us : ▁A ▁celebrated ▁trag ic ▁poet ▁of ▁an ▁earlier ▁generation , ▁he ▁is ▁mentioned ▁fav ou rab ly ▁several ▁times ▁by ▁Phil oc le on ▁and ▁the ▁jur ors ▁in ▁lines ▁ 2 2 0 , ▁ 2 6 9 , ▁ 1 4 9 0 , ▁ 1 5 2 |
4 . ▁The ▁first ▁mention ▁is ▁in ▁a ▁com ic , ▁comp ound ▁word ▁() ▁which ▁includes ▁a ▁reference ▁to ▁a ▁popular ▁song ▁about ▁Sid on ▁written ▁by ▁Ph ry n ich us . ▁The ▁trag ic ▁poet ▁is ▁mentioned ▁in ▁three ▁other ▁plays . ▁P ind ar : ▁The ▁great ▁ly ric ▁poet ▁of ▁Bo e ot ia ▁is ▁not ▁mentioned ▁here ▁by ▁name ▁but ▁one ▁of ▁his ▁famous ▁vers es ▁is ▁abs urd ly ▁quoted ▁out ▁of ▁context ▁in ▁line ▁ 3 0 8 ▁Phil oc les : ▁A ▁trag ic ▁poet ▁( who ▁won ▁first ▁prize ▁when ▁Soph oc les ▁competed ▁with ▁O ed ip us ▁R ex ), ▁yet ▁s ati riz ed ▁by ▁com ic ▁po ets ▁for ▁a ▁har sh ▁style , ▁he ▁is ▁said ▁in ▁line ▁ 4 6 2 ▁to ▁have ▁an ▁em bit ter ing ▁influence ▁on ▁old ▁men . ▁He ▁is ▁mentioned ▁again ▁in ▁Th es m op hor ia z us ae ▁and ▁The ▁Bird s . ▁A es op : ▁Then , ▁as ▁now , ▁a ▁source ▁of ▁instruct ive ▁f ables , ▁he ▁receives ▁four ▁mentions ▁in ▁lines ▁ 5 6 6 , ▁ 1 2 5 9 , ▁ 1 4 0 1 , ▁ 1 4 4 6 ▁and ▁he ▁is ▁later ▁mentioned ▁in ▁two ▁other ▁plays . ▁O i ag ros : ▁A ▁trag ic ▁actor , ▁he ▁is ▁said ▁in ▁line ▁ 5 7 9 ▁to ▁have ▁been ▁acqu itted ▁in ▁a ▁trial ▁after ▁rec iting |
▁vers es ▁from ▁a ▁play ▁titled ▁N io be . ▁N io be ▁was ▁possibly ▁a ▁play ▁by ▁Soph oc les ▁that ▁was ▁performed ▁shortly ▁before ▁Was ps . ▁Alternatively ▁N io be ▁was ▁a ▁play ▁by ▁A esch yl us , ▁mentioned ▁again ▁later ▁in ▁The ▁Fro gs . ▁Ac est or ▁Sac as : ▁A ▁trag ic ▁poet ▁of ▁foreign ▁birth ▁and ▁a ▁frequent ▁target ▁of ▁com ic ▁po ets , ▁he ▁is ▁mentioned ▁in ▁line ▁ 1 2 2 1 ▁as ▁the ▁father ▁of ▁one ▁of ▁Cle on ' s ▁circle . ▁He ▁is ▁mentioned ▁also ▁in ▁The ▁Bird s . ▁Al ca eus : ▁The ▁great ▁ly ric ▁poet ▁of ▁My til ene , ▁he ▁is ▁not ▁mentioned ▁by ▁name ▁but ▁he ▁is ▁the ▁author ▁of ▁some ▁well - known ▁vers es ▁that ▁Phil oc le on ▁adapt s ▁to ▁a ▁sc ol ion ▁directed ▁against ▁Cle on ▁in ▁lines ▁ 1 2 3 2 – 3 5 . ▁Ari phr ades : ▁Poss ibly ▁a ▁com ic ▁dram at ist ▁and ▁a ▁student ▁of ▁An ax ag or as , ▁he ▁is ▁mock ed ▁in ▁this ▁play ▁in ▁line ▁ 1 2 8 0 ▁and ▁in ▁other ▁plays ▁for ▁sexual ▁ecc ent ric ities . ▁His ▁music ian ▁brother , ▁Ar ign ot us , ▁is ▁mentioned ▁with ▁him ▁but ▁not ▁by ▁name ▁in ▁The ▁Was ps . ▁S then el us : ▁A ▁trag ic ▁poet , ▁whose ▁verse ▁was ▁later ▁considered ▁by ▁Arist ot le ▁to |
▁be ▁luc id ▁but ▁und ign ified , ▁he ▁is ▁mentioned ▁in ▁line ▁ 1 3 1 3 ▁as ▁the ▁ep it ome ▁of ▁a ▁man ▁who ▁is ▁lack ing ▁something . ▁Las us : ▁A ▁poet ▁from ▁Herm ione ▁who ▁lived ▁in ▁the ▁latter ▁half ▁of ▁the ▁ 6 th ▁Century , ▁associated ▁with ▁the ▁establishment ▁of ▁d ith yr amb ic ▁cont ests ▁in ▁Ath ens ▁and ▁cred ited ▁with ▁writing ▁the ▁first ▁book ▁on ▁music , ▁he ▁is ▁quoted ▁in ▁line ▁ 1 4 1 0 ▁ ▁as ▁the ▁author ▁of ▁a ▁b anal ▁statement : ▁" It ▁means ▁little ▁to ▁me ". ▁Simon ides : ▁The ▁famous ▁ly ric ▁poet ▁from ▁Ce os , ▁he ▁is ▁said ▁by ▁Phil oc les ▁to ▁have ▁been ▁the ▁man ▁to ▁whom ▁the ▁above ▁statement ▁was ▁addressed . ▁He ▁is ▁mentioned ▁in ▁three ▁other ▁plays . ▁Th es pis : ▁According ▁to ▁A then ian ▁tradition , ▁he ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁dram at ist ▁to ▁write ▁for ▁an ▁actor ▁separate ▁from ▁the ▁Ch orus . ▁He ▁is ▁mentioned ▁in ▁line ▁ 1 4 7 9 ▁as ▁typical ▁of ▁Phil oc le on ' s ▁old - f ashion ed ▁t ast es . ▁Car c inus : ▁An ▁A then ian ▁general ▁in ▁ 4 3 1 , ▁he ▁was ▁also ▁a ▁dram at ist ▁and ▁a ▁dan cer . ▁He ▁is ▁mentioned ▁with ▁his ▁sons ▁here ▁in ▁line ▁ 1 5 0 1 ▁and ▁in ▁other ▁plays . ▁His ▁sons ▁( or |
▁d anc ers ▁mas quer ading ▁as ▁his ▁sons ) ▁dan ced ▁in ▁the ▁ex odos ▁in ▁this ▁play ▁in ▁competition ▁with ▁Phil oc le on . ▁Their ▁performance ▁is ▁mock ed ▁by ▁Phil oc le on ▁and ▁it ▁is ▁even ▁mock ed ▁by ▁the ▁Ch orus ▁of ▁a ▁later ▁play ▁( Pe ace ▁lines ▁ 7 8 1 - 6 ). ▁One ▁son , ▁X en oc les , ▁was ▁a ▁tra ged ian ▁who ▁later ▁defeated ▁Eur ip ides ▁at ▁the ▁City ▁D ion ys ia ▁in ▁ 4 1 5 ▁but ▁his ▁ab ilities ▁as ▁a ▁dram at ist ▁are ▁rid ic u led ▁by ▁Arist oph anes ▁in ▁Th es m op hor ia z us ae ▁and ▁The ▁Fro gs . ▁ ▁A then ian ▁polit icians ▁and ▁gener als ▁▁ ▁Cle on : ▁The ▁popul ist ▁leader ▁of ▁the ▁pro - war ▁fa ction ▁in ▁Ath ens , ▁he ▁is ▁the ▁arch - villa in ▁in ▁all ▁of ▁Arist oph anes ' ▁early ▁plays . ▁We ▁are ▁assured ▁in ▁lines ▁ 6 2 - 3 ▁that ▁Arist oph anes ▁won ' t ▁make ▁min c eme at ▁of ▁him ▁again ▁but ▁promises ▁mean ▁nothing ▁in ▁a ▁comedy ▁and ▁he ▁receives ▁more ▁treatment ▁in ▁lines ▁ 1 9 7 , ▁ 2 4 2 , ▁ 4 0 9 , ▁ 5 9 6 , ▁ 7 5 9 , ▁ 1 2 2 0 , ▁ 1 2 2 4 , ▁ 1 2 3 7 , |
▁ 1 2 8 5 ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁numerous ▁indirect ▁mentions , ▁not ably ▁as ▁an ▁un tr ust worth y ▁dog . ▁The orus : ▁An ▁associate ▁of ▁Cle on , ▁he ▁is ▁presented ▁in ▁lines ▁ 4 2 , ▁ 4 7 , ▁ 4 1 8 , ▁ 5 9 9 , ▁ 1 2 2 0 , ▁ 1 2 3 6 ▁as ▁an ▁ign o ble ▁fl atter er . ▁He ▁is ▁a ▁target ▁also ▁in ▁earlier ▁plays . ▁Al ci bi ades : ▁Later ▁known ▁as ▁a ▁dash ing ▁general ▁and ▁a ▁winning ▁arist ocrat , ▁he ▁was ▁not ▁yet ▁a ▁major ▁public ▁figure ▁and ▁here ▁he ▁is ▁mentioned ▁in ▁line ▁ 4 4 ▁only ▁for ▁his ▁l isp . ▁He ▁was ▁mentioned ▁earlier ▁in ▁The ▁A char ni ans ▁as ▁the ▁son ▁of ▁Cle ini as ▁and ▁he ▁is ▁mentioned ▁later ▁in ▁The ▁Fro gs . ▁Am yn ias : ▁A ▁general ▁this ▁year ▁( 4 2 3 / 2 ), ▁he ▁was ▁s ati riz ed ▁by ▁com ic ▁dram at ists ▁as ▁eff em inate ▁and ▁pret ent ious . ▁Here ▁he ▁is ▁mock ed ▁for ▁g amb ling ▁hab its , ▁long ▁hair ▁() ▁and ▁his ▁role ▁in ▁a ▁diplom atic ▁mission ▁to ▁Th ess aly ▁in ▁lines ▁ 7 4 , ▁ 4 6 6 , ▁ 1 2 6 7 . ▁He ▁is ▁mentioned ▁also ▁in ▁The ▁Cloud s . ▁Nic ost r atus : ▁Poss ibly ▁the ▁son ▁of ▁Die |
it re ph es ▁and ▁a ▁sk il ful ▁general ▁mentioned ▁by ▁Th u cy d ides , ▁he ▁is ▁said ▁in ▁line ▁ 8 1 ▁to ▁call ▁out ▁from ▁the ▁audience ▁about ▁Phil oc le on ' s ▁disease , ▁ident ifying ▁it ▁as ▁a ▁form ▁of ▁' h ospital ity '. ▁L aches : ▁A ▁general ▁who ▁had ▁led ▁a ▁small ▁A then ian ▁force ▁to ▁Sic ily ▁in ▁ 4 2 7 ▁and ▁who ▁had ▁proposed ▁the ▁one - year ▁tr uce ▁in ▁ 4 2 3 , ▁he ▁is ▁mentioned ▁in ▁line ▁ 2 4 0 ▁and ▁he ▁appears ▁as ▁the ▁good ▁watch dog ▁accused ▁of ▁ste aling ▁a ▁Sic ilian ▁che ese , ▁suggesting ▁that ▁Cle on ▁was ▁in ▁fact ▁int ending ▁to ▁pro sec ute ▁him ▁for ▁cor ruption . ▁Th u cy d ides : ▁The ▁political ▁rival ▁of ▁Per icles , ▁he ▁is ▁mentioned ▁in ▁line ▁ 9 4 7 ▁and ▁earlier ▁in ▁The ▁A char ni ans ▁in ▁relation ▁to ▁a ▁trial ▁in ▁which ▁s lick ▁law y ers ▁took ▁full ▁advantage ▁of ▁his ▁old ▁age . ▁Hyper bol us : ▁A ▁popul ist ▁and ▁eventually ▁Cle on ' s ▁successor , ▁he ▁is ▁named ▁in ▁line ▁ 1 0 0 7 ▁as ▁an ▁example ▁of ▁someone ▁who ▁c yn ically ▁manip ul ates ▁jur ies . ▁He ▁receives ▁numerous ▁mentions ▁in ▁other ▁plays . ▁The ogen es : ▁A ▁prominent ▁politician ▁often ▁s ati riz ed ▁by ▁com ic ▁po ets ▁as ▁a |
▁fat , ▁gre edy ▁b rag gart , ▁he ▁is ▁quoted ▁in ▁line ▁ 1 1 8 3 ▁as ▁somebody ▁who ▁ab uses ▁d ung - collect ors ▁. ▁He ▁is ▁also ▁ ▁mentioned ▁in ▁later ▁plays . ▁And ro cles : ▁Another ▁popul ist , ▁often ▁s ati riz ed ▁in ▁Old ▁Com edy ▁as ▁poor ▁and ▁imm oral , ▁he ▁was ▁later ▁influ ential ▁in ▁ex iling ▁Al ci bi ades . ▁He ▁is ▁mentioned ▁iron ically ▁in ▁line ▁ 1 1 8 7 ▁ ▁as ▁an ▁example ▁of ▁the ▁kind ▁of ▁man ▁who ▁represents ▁Ath ens ▁on ▁sacred , ▁diplom atic ▁miss ions . ▁Anti phon : ▁An ▁or ator ▁and ▁later ▁a ▁leader ▁of ▁the ▁o lig arch ic ▁government ▁in ▁ 4 1 1 ▁BC , ▁he ▁is ▁named ▁in ▁line ▁ 1 2 7 0 , ▁ 1 3 0 1 ▁as ▁a ▁hun gry ▁kind ▁of ▁man ▁and ▁as ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁s oph istic ated ▁dinner ▁guests ▁ab used ▁by ▁Phil oc le on . ▁Ph ry n ich us : ▁A ▁politician ▁and ▁later ▁a ▁leader ▁of ▁the ▁o lig archy ▁of ▁The ▁Four ▁H undred , ▁he ▁is ▁a ▁central ▁figure ▁at ▁the ▁s oph istic ated ▁dinner ▁party ▁attended ▁by ▁Anti phon , ▁The op hr ast os , ▁Ly kon , ▁L ys istr atus , ▁Bd ely cle on , ▁Phil oc le on ▁et ▁al ., ▁as ▁stated ▁in ▁line ▁ 1 3 0 2 . ▁Ly con : |
▁A ▁little - known ▁politician ▁who ▁later ▁assist ed ▁in ▁the ▁pro sec ution ▁of ▁S ocr ates ▁and ▁whose ▁wife ▁Rh odia ▁was ▁often ▁a ▁target ▁of ▁com ic ▁po ets ▁( as ▁for ▁example ▁in ▁L ys istr ata ), ▁he ▁is ▁named ▁here ▁merely ▁as ▁another ▁dinner ▁guest ▁with ▁Ph ry n ich us . ▁ ▁A then ian ▁personal ities ▁▁ ▁Cle onym us : ▁An ▁associate ▁of ▁Cle on ▁and ▁frequently ▁a ▁target ▁in ▁other ▁plays , ▁he ▁is ▁mentioned ▁in ▁lines ▁ 1 9 , ▁ 5 9 2 , ▁ 8 2 2 ▁as ▁the ▁fig ment ▁of ▁a ▁slave ' s ▁dream , ▁as ▁a ▁fl atter ing ▁patron ▁of ▁jur ors ▁and ▁as ▁the ▁image ▁of ▁the ▁image ▁of ▁the ▁image ▁of ▁the ▁hero ▁Ly cus , ▁and ▁each ▁mention ▁is ▁in ▁relation ▁to ▁a ▁not orious ▁incident ▁in ▁which ▁he ▁threw ▁away ▁his ▁shield . ▁S os ias : ▁Un known ▁otherwise , ▁he ▁is ▁mentioned ▁in ▁line ▁ 7 8 ▁as ▁a ▁well - known ▁t ipp ler . ▁However ▁this ▁could ▁simply ▁be ▁the ▁name ▁of ▁a ▁character ▁in ▁the ▁play ▁accident ally ▁trans posed ▁into ▁the ▁dialog ue ▁by ▁an ▁ancient ▁scri be ). ▁Phil ox en us : ▁A ▁not or iously ▁eff ete ▁cat am ite , ▁he ▁becomes ▁the ▁source ▁of ▁a ▁misunder standing ▁in ▁line ▁ 8 4 ▁because ▁his ▁name ▁is ▁a ▁pun ▁for ▁' h osp itable '. ▁Py ril amp es : ▁Pl |
ato ' s ▁step father ▁and ▁a ▁prominent ▁person ality ▁in ▁Per icle an ▁Ath ens , ▁he ▁is ▁mentioned ▁in ▁line ▁ 9 8 ▁as ▁the ▁father ▁of ▁Dem us , ▁a ▁hand some ▁young ▁man ▁whose ▁name ▁appears ▁around ▁Ath ens ▁in ▁am orous ▁gra ff iti . ▁Dra cont ides : ▁He ▁is ▁named ▁in ▁line ▁ 1 5 7 ▁as ▁somebody ▁await ing ▁trial ▁and ▁because ▁his ▁name ▁is ▁a ▁pun ▁for ▁' ser pent '. ▁Modern ▁sch ol ars ▁have ▁various ▁theories ▁about ▁his ▁identity ▁and ▁spec ulation ▁has ▁even ▁been ▁used ▁to ▁date ▁a ▁treat y ▁between ▁Ath ens ▁and ▁Chal cis . ▁Pro x en ides : ▁Phil oc le on ▁would ▁rather ▁be ▁Pro x en ides ▁or ▁smoke ▁or ▁the ▁victim ▁of ▁a ▁th under bol t ▁than ▁be ▁imprison ed ▁at ▁home ▁any ▁longer , ▁as ▁assert ed ▁in ▁line ▁ 3 2 5 . ▁He ▁is ▁mentioned ▁as ▁a ▁b rag gart ▁in ▁The ▁Bird s . ▁G org ias : ▁The ▁famous ▁teacher ▁of ▁r het or ic , ▁he ▁is ▁named ▁in ▁line ▁ 4 2 1 ▁as ▁the ▁father ▁or ▁teacher ▁of ▁Phill ip us , ▁a ▁recent ▁victim ▁of ▁ir ate ▁jur ors . ▁A isch ines : ▁He ▁is ▁mentioned ▁as ▁an ▁associate ▁of ▁Cle on , ▁a ▁syn onym ▁for ▁smoke ▁and ▁a ▁b rag gart ▁in ▁lines ▁ 4 5 9 , ▁ 1 2 2 0 , ▁ 1 2 4 2 . ▁He |
▁is ▁mentioned ▁also ▁in ▁The ▁Bird s . ▁Eu ath lus : ▁An ▁associate ▁of ▁Cle on ▁and ▁a ▁pro sec utor ▁of ▁the ▁aged ▁Th u cy d ides ▁( for ▁which ▁he ▁was ▁mentioned ▁in ▁The ▁A char ni ans ), ▁he ▁is ▁said ▁by ▁Phil oc le on ▁in ▁line ▁ 5 9 2 ▁to ▁be ▁a ▁patron ▁of ▁jur ors . ▁Other ▁less ▁well - known ▁pro sec utors ▁( Sm ic yth ion , ▁Te isi ades , ▁Ch rem on ▁(' Ne edy '), ▁Ph er ede ip n us ▁(' Wait er ') ▁and ▁the ▁son ▁of ▁Ch aire as ) ▁are ▁named ▁in ▁lines ▁ 4 0 1 , ▁ 6 8 7 . ▁E uchar ides : ▁A ▁gre eng ro cer ▁imm ort al ized ▁with ▁a ▁brief ▁mention ▁in ▁line ▁ 6 8 0 . ▁L ys istr atus : ▁A ▁high - soci ety ▁man - about - town ▁who ▁participated ▁in ▁the ▁m util ation ▁of ▁the ▁her mai ▁in ▁ 4 1 5 , ▁he ▁is ▁mentioned ▁in ▁lines ▁ 7 8 7 ▁and ▁ 1 3 0 2 ▁as ▁a ▁practical ▁j oker ▁who ▁passes ▁off ▁fish ▁scales ▁as ▁co ins ▁and ▁who ▁also ▁happens ▁to ▁be ▁a ▁s oph istic ated ▁dinner ▁guest . ▁He ▁receives ▁mentions ▁also ▁in ▁other ▁plays . ▁C yn na : ▁A ▁prost itute , ▁her ▁flash ing ▁eyes ▁are ▁said ▁to ▁be ▁ev oc ative ▁of ▁Cle on ▁in ▁line ▁ |
1 0 3 2 . ▁M ory chus : ▁A ▁not orious ▁g our m and ▁who ▁was ▁possibly ▁also ▁a ▁trag ic ▁poet , ▁he ▁is ▁named ▁in ▁lines ▁ 5 0 6 ▁and ▁ 1 1 4 2 ▁as ▁em blem atic ▁of ▁a ▁pam per ed ▁life ▁and ▁because ▁his ▁soldier ' s ▁k it ▁res emb les ▁a ▁Pers ian ▁g own . ▁He ▁is ▁mentioned ▁also ▁in ▁two ▁other ▁plays . ▁Cle is then es : ▁A ▁by word ▁for ▁eff em in acy , ▁he ▁is ▁frequently ▁a ▁target ▁for ▁j okes ▁in ▁other ▁plays ▁and ▁appears ▁as ▁a ▁character ▁in ▁Th es m op hor ia z us ae . ▁He ▁is ▁mentioned ▁iron ically ▁in ▁line ▁ 1 1 8 7 ▁as ▁another ▁dign it ary ▁sent ▁by ▁Ath ens ▁on ▁a ▁sacred ▁diplom atic ▁mission . ▁Le og or as : ▁The ▁father ▁of ▁the ▁or ator ▁And oc ides , ▁he ▁was ▁l am po oned ▁by ▁com ic ▁po ets ▁for ▁his ▁wealth ▁and ▁his ▁lux ur ious ▁l ifest yle . ▁He ▁is ▁mentioned ▁in ▁line ▁ 1 2 6 9 ▁as ▁someone ▁whose ▁d inners ▁are ▁a ▁benchmark ▁of ▁cul inary ▁op ul ence . ▁Cha ere phon : ▁The ▁loyal ▁friend ▁and ▁dis ci ple ▁of ▁S ocr ates , ▁he ▁appears ▁as ▁the ▁summ ons ▁witness ▁for ▁a ▁female ▁bread ▁vendor ▁and ▁he ▁is ▁compared ▁in ▁lines ▁ 1 4 0 8 – 1 2 ▁to ▁a ▁s |
allow ▁In o ▁cl ing ing ▁to ▁the ▁feet ▁of ▁Eur ip ides . ▁He ▁receives ▁mentions ▁also ▁in ▁two ▁other ▁surv iving ▁plays . ▁Pitt alus : ▁A ▁doctor ▁who ▁is ▁mentioned ▁also ▁in ▁A char ni ans , ▁he ▁is ▁recommended ▁by ▁Phil oc le on ▁in ▁line ▁ 1 4 3 2 ▁to ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁vict ims ▁of ▁his ▁own ▁d run ken ▁out rages . ▁ ▁Relig ious ▁and ▁historical ▁ident ities ▁▁ ▁K ory b antes : ▁Associ ated ▁with ▁ec static ▁dan cing ▁in ▁the ▁worship ▁of ▁the ▁Ph ry g ian ▁god dess ▁Cy be le , ▁they ▁are ▁referred ▁to ▁in ▁lines ▁ 8 ▁and ▁ 1 1 9 ▁as ▁examples ▁of ▁man ic ▁behaviour . ▁They ▁are ▁mentioned ▁also ▁in ▁later ▁plays . ▁Sab az ius : ▁Another ▁Ph ry g ian ▁div inity ▁associated ▁with ▁man ic ▁behaviour , ▁mentioned ▁here ▁in ▁line ▁ 9 ▁and ▁also ▁in ▁later ▁plays . ▁Her acles : ▁A ▁hero ▁in ▁myth , ▁he ▁is ▁a ▁stock ▁jo ke ▁for ▁gl utton y ▁in ▁comedy . ▁He ▁is ▁mentioned ▁in ▁that ▁capacity ▁here ▁in ▁line ▁ 6 0 ▁and ▁he ▁even ▁appears ▁as ▁a ▁gl utton ous ▁buff oon ▁in ▁two ▁later ▁plays , ▁The ▁Bird s ▁and ▁The ▁Fro gs . ▁Od ys se us : ▁A ▁hero ▁in ▁myth , ▁he ▁is ▁a ▁pro verb ▁for ▁c unning ▁sub ter f uge , ▁as ▁indicated ▁in ▁lines ▁ 1 8 1 ▁and ▁ 3 |
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