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stringlengths 5
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| passages
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19-norandrostenedione_ddi | 19-norandrostenedione_ddi | [
{
"id": "19-norandrostenedione_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"No drug, nutritional supplement, food or herb interactions have yet been reported."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
82
]
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] | [] |
Abarelix_ddi | Abarelix_ddi | [
{
"id": "Abarelix_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"No formal drug/drug interaction studies with Plenaxis were performed. Cytochrome P-450 is not known to be involved in the metabolism of Plenaxis. Plenaxis is highly bound to plasma proteins (96 to 99%). Laboratory Tests Response to Plenaxis should be monitored by measuring serum total testosterone concentrations just prior to administration on Day 29 and every 8 weeks thereafter. Serum transaminase levels should be obtained before starting treatment with Plenaxis and periodically during treatment. Periodic measurement of serum PSA levels may also be considered."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
567
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Abarelix_ddi_T1",
"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
45,
53
]
],
"text": [
"Plenaxis"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Abarelix_ddi_T2",
"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
136,
144
]
],
"text": [
"Plenaxis"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Abarelix_ddi_T3",
"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
146,
154
]
],
"text": [
"Plenaxis"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Abarelix_ddi_T4",
"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
232,
240
]
],
"text": [
"Plenaxis"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Abarelix_ddi_T5",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
286,
298
]
],
"text": [
"testosterone"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Abarelix_ddi_T6",
"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
459,
467
]
],
"text": [
"Plenaxis"
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
Abatacept_ddi | Abatacept_ddi | [
{
"id": "Abatacept_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Formal drug interaction studies have not been conducted with ORENCIA. Population pharmacokinetic analyses revealed that MTX, NSAIDs, corticosteroids, and TNF blocking agents did not influence abatacept clearance. The majority of patients in RA clinical studies received one or more of the following concomitant medications with ORENCIA: MTX, NSAIDs, corticosteroids, TNF blocking agents, azathioprine, chloroquine, gold, hydroxychloroquine, leflunomide, sulfasalazine, and anakinra. Concurrent administration of a TNF antagonist with ORENCIA has been associated with an increased risk of serious infections and no significant additional efficacy over use of the TNF antagonists alone. Concurrent therapy with ORENCIA and TNF antagonists is not recommended. There is insufficient experience to assess the safety and efficacy of ORENCIA administered concurrently with anakinra, and therefore such use is not recommended."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
918
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Abatacept_ddi_T1",
"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
61,
68
]
],
"text": [
"ORENCIA"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Abatacept_ddi_T2",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
120,
123
]
],
"text": [
"MTX"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Abatacept_ddi_T3",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
125,
131
]
],
"text": [
"NSAIDs"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Abatacept_ddi_T4",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
133,
148
]
],
"text": [
"corticosteroids"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Abatacept_ddi_T5",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
154,
173
]
],
"text": [
"TNF blocking agents"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Abatacept_ddi_T6",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
192,
201
]
],
"text": [
"abatacept"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Abatacept_ddi_T7",
"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
328,
335
]
],
"text": [
"ORENCIA"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Abatacept_ddi_T8",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
337,
340
]
],
"text": [
"MTX"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Abatacept_ddi_T9",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
342,
348
]
],
"text": [
"NSAIDs"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Abatacept_ddi_T10",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
350,
365
]
],
"text": [
"corticosteroids"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Abatacept_ddi_T11",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
367,
386
]
],
"text": [
"TNF blocking agents"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Abatacept_ddi_T12",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
388,
400
]
],
"text": [
"azathioprine"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Abatacept_ddi_T13",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
402,
413
]
],
"text": [
"chloroquine"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Abatacept_ddi_T14",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
415,
419
]
],
"text": [
"gold"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Abatacept_ddi_T15",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
421,
439
]
],
"text": [
"hydroxychloroquine"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Abatacept_ddi_T16",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
441,
452
]
],
"text": [
"leflunomide"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Abatacept_ddi_T17",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
454,
467
]
],
"text": [
"sulfasalazine"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Abatacept_ddi_T18",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
473,
481
]
],
"text": [
"anakinra"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Abatacept_ddi_T19",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
514,
528
]
],
"text": [
"TNF antagonist"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Abatacept_ddi_T20",
"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
534,
541
]
],
"text": [
"ORENCIA"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Abatacept_ddi_T21",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
662,
677
]
],
"text": [
"TNF antagonists"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Abatacept_ddi_T22",
"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
709,
716
]
],
"text": [
"ORENCIA"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Abatacept_ddi_T23",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
721,
736
]
],
"text": [
"TNF antagonists"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Abatacept_ddi_T24",
"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
827,
834
]
],
"text": [
"ORENCIA"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Abatacept_ddi_T25",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
866,
874
]
],
"text": [
"anakinra"
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"arg1_id": "Abatacept_ddi_T19",
"arg2_id": "Abatacept_ddi_T20",
"id": "Abatacept_ddi_R1",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Abatacept_ddi_T22",
"arg2_id": "Abatacept_ddi_T23",
"id": "Abatacept_ddi_R2",
"type": "ADVISE",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Abatacept_ddi_T24",
"arg2_id": "Abatacept_ddi_T25",
"id": "Abatacept_ddi_R3",
"type": "ADVISE",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Abciximab_ddi | Abciximab_ddi | [
{
"id": "Abciximab_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Formal drug interaction studies with Abciximab have not been conducted. Abciximab has been administered to patients with ischemic heart disease treated concomitantly with a broad range of medications used in the treatment of angina myocardial infarction and hypertension. These medications have included heparin, warfarin, beta-adrenergic receptor blockers, calcium channel antagonists, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, intravenous and oral nitrates, ticlopidine, and aspirin. Heparin, other anticoagulants, thrombolytics, and anti platelet agents are associated with an increase in bleeding. Patients with HACA titers may have allergic or hypersensitivity reactions when treated with other diagnostic or therapeutic monoclonal antibodies."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
748
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Abciximab_ddi_T1",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
37,
46
]
],
"text": [
"Abciximab"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Abciximab_ddi_T2",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
72,
81
]
],
"text": [
"Abciximab"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Abciximab_ddi_T3",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
304,
311
]
],
"text": [
"heparin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Abciximab_ddi_T4",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
313,
321
]
],
"text": [
"warfarin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Abciximab_ddi_T5",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
323,
356
]
],
"text": [
"beta-adrenergic receptor blockers"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Abciximab_ddi_T6",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
358,
385
]
],
"text": [
"calcium channel antagonists"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Abciximab_ddi_T7",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
387,
427
]
],
"text": [
"angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Abciximab_ddi_T8",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
450,
458
]
],
"text": [
"nitrates"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Abciximab_ddi_T9",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
460,
471
]
],
"text": [
"ticlopidine"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Abciximab_ddi_T10",
"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
477,
484
]
],
"text": [
"aspirin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Abciximab_ddi_T11",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
486,
493
]
],
"text": [
"Heparin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Abciximab_ddi_T12",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
501,
515
]
],
"text": [
"anticoagulants"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Abciximab_ddi_T13",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
517,
530
]
],
"text": [
"thrombolytics"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Abciximab_ddi_T14",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
536,
556
]
],
"text": [
"anti platelet agents"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Abciximab_ddi_T15",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
700,
710
],
[
726,
747
]
],
"text": [
"diagnostic",
"monoclonal antibodies"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Abciximab_ddi_T16",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
714,
747
]
],
"text": [
"therapeutic monoclonal antibodies"
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
Acamprosate_ddi | Acamprosate_ddi | [
{
"id": "Acamprosate_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"The concomitant intake of alcohol and Acamprosate does not affect the pharmacokinetics of either alcohol or acamprosate. Pharmacokinetic studies indicate that administration of disulfiram or diazepam does not affect the pharmacokinetics of acamprosate. Co-administration of naltrexone with Acamprosate produced a 25% increase in AUC and a 33% increase in the Cmax of acamprosate. No adjustment of dosage is recommended in such patients. The pharmacokinetics of naltrexone and its major metabolite 6-beta-naltrexol were unaffected following co-administration with Acamprosate. Other concomitant therapies: In clinical trials, the safety profile in subjects treated with Acamprosate concomitantly with anxiolytics, hypnotics and sedatives (including benzodiazepines), or non-opioid analgesics was similar to that of subjects taking placebo with these concomitant medications. Patients taking Acamprosate concomitantly with antidepressants more commonly reported both weight gain and weight loss, compared with patients taking either medication alone."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1048
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Acamprosate_ddi_T1",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
26,
33
]
],
"text": [
"alcohol"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acamprosate_ddi_T2",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
38,
49
]
],
"text": [
"Acamprosate"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acamprosate_ddi_T3",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
97,
104
]
],
"text": [
"alcohol"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acamprosate_ddi_T4",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
108,
119
]
],
"text": [
"acamprosate"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acamprosate_ddi_T5",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
177,
187
]
],
"text": [
"disulfiram"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acamprosate_ddi_T6",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
191,
199
]
],
"text": [
"diazepam"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acamprosate_ddi_T7",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
240,
251
]
],
"text": [
"acamprosate"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acamprosate_ddi_T8",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
274,
284
]
],
"text": [
"naltrexone"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acamprosate_ddi_T9",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
290,
301
]
],
"text": [
"Acamprosate"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acamprosate_ddi_T10",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
367,
378
]
],
"text": [
"acamprosate"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acamprosate_ddi_T11",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
461,
471
]
],
"text": [
"naltrexone"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acamprosate_ddi_T12",
"type": "DRUG_N",
"offsets": [
[
497,
513
]
],
"text": [
"6-beta-naltrexol"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acamprosate_ddi_T13",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
563,
574
]
],
"text": [
"Acamprosate"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acamprosate_ddi_T14",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
669,
680
]
],
"text": [
"Acamprosate"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acamprosate_ddi_T15",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
700,
711
]
],
"text": [
"anxiolytics"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acamprosate_ddi_T16",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
713,
722
]
],
"text": [
"hypnotics"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acamprosate_ddi_T17",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
727,
736
]
],
"text": [
"sedatives"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acamprosate_ddi_T18",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
748,
763
]
],
"text": [
"benzodiazepines"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acamprosate_ddi_T19",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
769,
790
]
],
"text": [
"non-opioid analgesics"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acamprosate_ddi_T20",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
890,
901
]
],
"text": [
"Acamprosate"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acamprosate_ddi_T21",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
921,
936
]
],
"text": [
"antidepressants"
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"arg1_id": "Acamprosate_ddi_T8",
"arg2_id": "Acamprosate_ddi_T9",
"id": "Acamprosate_ddi_R1",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Acamprosate_ddi_T20",
"arg2_id": "Acamprosate_ddi_T21",
"id": "Acamprosate_ddi_R2",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Acarbose_ddi | Acarbose_ddi | [
{
"id": "Acarbose_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Certain drugs tend to produce hyperglycemia and may lead to loss of blood glucose control. These drugs include the thiazides and other diuretics, corticosteroids, phenothiazines, thyroid products, estrogens, oral contraceptives, phenytoin, nicotinic acid, sympathomimetics, calcium channel-blocking drugs, and isoniazid. When such drugs are administered to a patient receiving Acarbose, the patient should be closely observed for loss of blood glucose control. When such drugs are withdrawn from patients receiving Acarbose in combination with sulfonylureas or insulin, patients should be observed closely for any evidence of hypoglycemia. Intestinal adsorbents (e. g., charcoal) and digestive enzyme preparations containing carbohydrate-splitting enzymes (e. g., amylase, pancreatin) may reduce the effect of Acarbose and should not be taken concomitantly. Acarbose has been shown to change the bioavailabillty digoxin when they are co-administered, which may require digoxin dose adjustment. Studies in healthy volunteers have shown that Acarbose has no effect on either the pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics of digoxin, nifedipine, propranolol, or ranitidine. Acarbose did not interfere with the absorption or disposition of the sulfonylurea glyburide in diabetic patients. Acarbose may affect digoxin bioavailabillty and may require dose adjustment of digoxin by 16% (90% confidence interval: 8-23%), decrease mean C max digoxin by 26% (90% confidence interval: 16-34%) and decrease mean trough concentrations of digoxin by 9% (90% confidence limit: 19% decrease to 2% increase). The amount of metformin absorbed while taking Acarbose was bioequivalent to the amount absorbed when taking placebo, as indicated by the plasma AUC values. However, the peak plasma level of metformin was reduced by approximately 20% when taking Acarbose due to a slight delay in the absorption of metformin. There is little if any clinically significant interaction between Acarbose and metformin."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1984
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Acarbose_ddi_T1",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
115,
124
]
],
"text": [
"thiazides"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acarbose_ddi_T2",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
135,
144
]
],
"text": [
"diuretics"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acarbose_ddi_T3",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
146,
161
]
],
"text": [
"corticosteroids"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acarbose_ddi_T4",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
163,
177
]
],
"text": [
"phenothiazines"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acarbose_ddi_T5",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
179,
195
]
],
"text": [
"thyroid products"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acarbose_ddi_T6",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
197,
206
]
],
"text": [
"estrogens"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acarbose_ddi_T7",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
213,
227
]
],
"text": [
"contraceptives"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acarbose_ddi_T8",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
229,
238
]
],
"text": [
"phenytoin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acarbose_ddi_T9",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
240,
254
]
],
"text": [
"nicotinic acid"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acarbose_ddi_T10",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
256,
272
]
],
"text": [
"sympathomimetics"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acarbose_ddi_T11",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
274,
304
]
],
"text": [
"calcium channel-blocking drugs"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acarbose_ddi_T12",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
310,
319
]
],
"text": [
"isoniazid"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acarbose_ddi_T13",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
377,
385
]
],
"text": [
"Acarbose"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acarbose_ddi_T14",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
515,
523
]
],
"text": [
"Acarbose"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acarbose_ddi_T15",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
544,
557
]
],
"text": [
"sulfonylureas"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acarbose_ddi_T16",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
561,
568
]
],
"text": [
"insulin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acarbose_ddi_T17",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
640,
661
]
],
"text": [
"Intestinal adsorbents"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acarbose_ddi_T18",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
670,
678
]
],
"text": [
"charcoal"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acarbose_ddi_T19",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
684,
713
]
],
"text": [
"digestive enzyme preparations"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acarbose_ddi_T20",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
764,
771
]
],
"text": [
"amylase"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acarbose_ddi_T21",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
773,
783
]
],
"text": [
"pancreatin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acarbose_ddi_T22",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
810,
818
]
],
"text": [
"Acarbose"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acarbose_ddi_T23",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
858,
866
]
],
"text": [
"Acarbose"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acarbose_ddi_T24",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
912,
919
]
],
"text": [
"digoxin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acarbose_ddi_T25",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
969,
976
]
],
"text": [
"digoxin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acarbose_ddi_T26",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1040,
1048
]
],
"text": [
"Acarbose"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acarbose_ddi_T27",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1117,
1124
]
],
"text": [
"digoxin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acarbose_ddi_T28",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1126,
1136
]
],
"text": [
"nifedipine"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acarbose_ddi_T29",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1138,
1149
]
],
"text": [
"propranolol"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acarbose_ddi_T30",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1154,
1164
]
],
"text": [
"ranitidine"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acarbose_ddi_T31",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1166,
1174
]
],
"text": [
"Acarbose"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acarbose_ddi_T32",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1235,
1247
]
],
"text": [
"sulfonylurea"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acarbose_ddi_T33",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1248,
1257
]
],
"text": [
"glyburide"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acarbose_ddi_T34",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1280,
1288
]
],
"text": [
"Acarbose"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acarbose_ddi_T35",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1300,
1307
]
],
"text": [
"digoxin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acarbose_ddi_T36",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1359,
1366
]
],
"text": [
"digoxin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acarbose_ddi_T37",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1428,
1435
]
],
"text": [
"digoxin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acarbose_ddi_T38",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1520,
1527
]
],
"text": [
"digoxin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acarbose_ddi_T39",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1601,
1610
]
],
"text": [
"metformin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acarbose_ddi_T40",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1633,
1641
]
],
"text": [
"Acarbose"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acarbose_ddi_T41",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1777,
1786
]
],
"text": [
"metformin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acarbose_ddi_T42",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1832,
1840
]
],
"text": [
"Acarbose"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acarbose_ddi_T43",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1884,
1893
]
],
"text": [
"metformin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acarbose_ddi_T44",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1961,
1969
]
],
"text": [
"Acarbose"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acarbose_ddi_T45",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1974,
1983
]
],
"text": [
"metformin"
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"arg1_id": "Acarbose_ddi_T17",
"arg2_id": "Acarbose_ddi_T22",
"id": "Acarbose_ddi_R1",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Acarbose_ddi_T18",
"arg2_id": "Acarbose_ddi_T22",
"id": "Acarbose_ddi_R2",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Acarbose_ddi_T20",
"arg2_id": "Acarbose_ddi_T22",
"id": "Acarbose_ddi_R3",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Acarbose_ddi_T21",
"arg2_id": "Acarbose_ddi_T22",
"id": "Acarbose_ddi_R4",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Acarbose_ddi_T23",
"arg2_id": "Acarbose_ddi_T24",
"id": "Acarbose_ddi_R5",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Acarbose_ddi_T41",
"arg2_id": "Acarbose_ddi_T42",
"id": "Acarbose_ddi_R6",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Acarbose_ddi_T42",
"arg2_id": "Acarbose_ddi_T43",
"id": "Acarbose_ddi_R7",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Acebutolol_ddi | Acebutolol_ddi | [
{
"id": "Acebutolol_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Catecholamine-depleting drugs, such as reserpine, may have an additive effect when given with beta-blocking agents. Patients treated with acebutolol plus catecholamine depletors should, therefore, be observed closely for evidence of marked bradycardia or hypotension which may present as vertigo, syncope/presyncope, or orthostatic changes in blood pressure without compensatory tachycardia. Exaggerated hypertensive responses have been reported from the combined use of beta-adrenergic antagonists and alpha-adrenergic stimulants, including those contained in proprietary cold remedies and vasoconstrictive nasal drops. Patients receiving beta-blockers should be warned of this potential hazard. Blunting of the antihypertensive effect of beta-adrenoceptor blocking agents by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs has been reported. No significant interactions with digoxin, hydrochlorothiazide, hydralazine, sulfinpyrazone, oral contraceptives, tolbutamide, or warfarin have been observed."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
990
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Acebutolol_ddi_T1",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
0,
29
]
],
"text": [
"Catecholamine-depleting drugs"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acebutolol_ddi_T2",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
39,
48
]
],
"text": [
"reserpine"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acebutolol_ddi_T3",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
94,
114
]
],
"text": [
"beta-blocking agents"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acebutolol_ddi_T4",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
138,
148
]
],
"text": [
"acebutolol"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acebutolol_ddi_T5",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
154,
177
]
],
"text": [
"catecholamine depletors"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acebutolol_ddi_T6",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
471,
498
]
],
"text": [
"beta-adrenergic antagonists"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acebutolol_ddi_T7",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
503,
530
]
],
"text": [
"alpha-adrenergic stimulants"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acebutolol_ddi_T8",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
640,
653
]
],
"text": [
"beta-blockers"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acebutolol_ddi_T9",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
740,
773
]
],
"text": [
"beta-adrenoceptor blocking agents"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acebutolol_ddi_T10",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
777,
813
]
],
"text": [
"nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acebutolol_ddi_T11",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
866,
873
]
],
"text": [
"digoxin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acebutolol_ddi_T12",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
875,
894
]
],
"text": [
"hydrochlorothiazide"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acebutolol_ddi_T13",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
896,
907
]
],
"text": [
"hydralazine"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acebutolol_ddi_T14",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
909,
923
]
],
"text": [
"sulfinpyrazone"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acebutolol_ddi_T15",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
930,
944
]
],
"text": [
"contraceptives"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acebutolol_ddi_T16",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
946,
957
]
],
"text": [
"tolbutamide"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acebutolol_ddi_T17",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
962,
970
]
],
"text": [
"warfarin"
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"arg1_id": "Acebutolol_ddi_T1",
"arg2_id": "Acebutolol_ddi_T3",
"id": "Acebutolol_ddi_R1",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Acebutolol_ddi_T2",
"arg2_id": "Acebutolol_ddi_T3",
"id": "Acebutolol_ddi_R2",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Acebutolol_ddi_T4",
"arg2_id": "Acebutolol_ddi_T5",
"id": "Acebutolol_ddi_R3",
"type": "ADVISE",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Acebutolol_ddi_T6",
"arg2_id": "Acebutolol_ddi_T7",
"id": "Acebutolol_ddi_R4",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Acebutolol_ddi_T9",
"arg2_id": "Acebutolol_ddi_T10",
"id": "Acebutolol_ddi_R5",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Acetazolamide_ddi | Acetazolamide_ddi | [
{
"id": "Acetazolamide_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"DIAMOX modifies phenytoin metabolism with increased serum levels of phenytoin. This may increase or enhance the occurrence of osteomalacia in some patients receiving chronic phenytoin therapy. Caution is advised in patients receiving chronic concomitant therapy. By decreasing the gastrointestinal absorption of primidone, DIAMOX may decrease serum concentrations of primidone and its metabolites, with a consequent possible decrease in anticonvulsant effect. Caution is advised when beginning, discontinuing, or changing the dose of DIAMOX in patients receiving primidone. Because of possible additive effects with other carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, concomitant use is not advisable. Acetazolamide may increase the effects of other folic acid antagonists. Acetazolamide may increase or decrease blood glucose levels. Consideration should be taken in patients being treated with antidiabetic agents. Acetazolamide decreases urinary excretion of amphetamine and may enhance the magnitude and duration of their effect. Acetazolamide reduces urinary excretion of quinidine and may enhance its effect. Acetazolamide may prevent the urinary antiseptic effect of methenamine. Acetazolamide increases lithium excretion and the lithium may be decreased. Acetazolamide and sodium bicarbonate used concurrently increases the risk of renal calculus formation. Acetazolamide may elevate cyclosporine levels."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1397
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Acetazolamide_ddi_T1",
"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"text": [
"DIAMOX"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acetazolamide_ddi_T2",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
16,
25
]
],
"text": [
"phenytoin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acetazolamide_ddi_T3",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
68,
77
]
],
"text": [
"phenytoin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acetazolamide_ddi_T4",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
174,
183
]
],
"text": [
"phenytoin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acetazolamide_ddi_T5",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
312,
321
]
],
"text": [
"primidone"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acetazolamide_ddi_T6",
"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
323,
329
]
],
"text": [
"DIAMOX"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acetazolamide_ddi_T7",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
367,
376
]
],
"text": [
"primidone"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acetazolamide_ddi_T8",
"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
534,
540
]
],
"text": [
"DIAMOX"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acetazolamide_ddi_T9",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
563,
572
]
],
"text": [
"primidone"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acetazolamide_ddi_T10",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
622,
651
]
],
"text": [
"carbonic anhydrase inhibitors"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acetazolamide_ddi_T11",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
687,
700
]
],
"text": [
"Acetazolamide"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acetazolamide_ddi_T12",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
735,
757
]
],
"text": [
"folic acid antagonists"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acetazolamide_ddi_T13",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
759,
772
]
],
"text": [
"Acetazolamide"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acetazolamide_ddi_T14",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
881,
893
]
],
"text": [
"antidiabetic"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acetazolamide_ddi_T15",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
902,
915
]
],
"text": [
"Acetazolamide"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acetazolamide_ddi_T16",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
947,
958
]
],
"text": [
"amphetamine"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acetazolamide_ddi_T17",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1019,
1032
]
],
"text": [
"Acetazolamide"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acetazolamide_ddi_T18",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1062,
1071
]
],
"text": [
"quinidine"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acetazolamide_ddi_T19",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1100,
1113
]
],
"text": [
"Acetazolamide"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acetazolamide_ddi_T20",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1159,
1170
]
],
"text": [
"methenamine"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acetazolamide_ddi_T21",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1172,
1185
]
],
"text": [
"Acetazolamide"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acetazolamide_ddi_T22",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1196,
1203
]
],
"text": [
"lithium"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acetazolamide_ddi_T23",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1222,
1229
]
],
"text": [
"lithium"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acetazolamide_ddi_T24",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1248,
1261
]
],
"text": [
"Acetazolamide"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acetazolamide_ddi_T25",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1266,
1284
]
],
"text": [
"sodium bicarbonate"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acetazolamide_ddi_T26",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1351,
1364
]
],
"text": [
"Acetazolamide"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acetazolamide_ddi_T27",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1377,
1389
]
],
"text": [
"cyclosporine"
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"arg1_id": "Acetazolamide_ddi_T1",
"arg2_id": "Acetazolamide_ddi_T2",
"id": "Acetazolamide_ddi_R1",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Acetazolamide_ddi_T1",
"arg2_id": "Acetazolamide_ddi_T3",
"id": "Acetazolamide_ddi_R2",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Acetazolamide_ddi_T6",
"arg2_id": "Acetazolamide_ddi_T7",
"id": "Acetazolamide_ddi_R3",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Acetazolamide_ddi_T8",
"arg2_id": "Acetazolamide_ddi_T9",
"id": "Acetazolamide_ddi_R4",
"type": "ADVISE",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Acetazolamide_ddi_T11",
"arg2_id": "Acetazolamide_ddi_T12",
"id": "Acetazolamide_ddi_R5",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Acetazolamide_ddi_T15",
"arg2_id": "Acetazolamide_ddi_T16",
"id": "Acetazolamide_ddi_R6",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Acetazolamide_ddi_T17",
"arg2_id": "Acetazolamide_ddi_T18",
"id": "Acetazolamide_ddi_R7",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Acetazolamide_ddi_T19",
"arg2_id": "Acetazolamide_ddi_T20",
"id": "Acetazolamide_ddi_R8",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Acetazolamide_ddi_T21",
"arg2_id": "Acetazolamide_ddi_T22",
"id": "Acetazolamide_ddi_R9",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Acetazolamide_ddi_T24",
"arg2_id": "Acetazolamide_ddi_T25",
"id": "Acetazolamide_ddi_R10",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Acetazolamide_ddi_T26",
"arg2_id": "Acetazolamide_ddi_T27",
"id": "Acetazolamide_ddi_R11",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Acetohydroxamic Acid_ddi | Acetohydroxamic Acid_ddi | [
{
"id": "Acetohydroxamic Acid_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Concomitant use with iron supplements may result in the reduced absorption of iron."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
83
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Acetohydroxamic Acid_ddi_T1",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
21,
36
]
],
"text": [
"iron supplement"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acetohydroxamic Acid_ddi_T2",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
78,
82
]
],
"text": [
"iron"
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
Aciclovir_ddi | Aciclovir_ddi | [
{
"id": "Aciclovir_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Co-administration of probenecid with acyclovir has been shown to increase the mean half-life and the area under the concentration-time curve. Urinary excretion and renal clearance were correspondingly reduced. The clinical effects of this combination have not been studied."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
273
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Aciclovir_ddi_T1",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
21,
31
]
],
"text": [
"probenecid"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aciclovir_ddi_T2",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
37,
46
]
],
"text": [
"acyclovir"
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"arg1_id": "Aciclovir_ddi_T1",
"arg2_id": "Aciclovir_ddi_T2",
"id": "Aciclovir_ddi_R1",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Acitretin_ddi | Acitretin_ddi | [
{
"id": "Acitretin_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Ethanol:Clinical evidence has shown that etretinate can be formed with concurrent ingestion of acitretin and ethanol. Glibenclamide: In a study of 7 healthy male volunteers, acitretin treatment potentiated the blood glucose lowering effect of glibenclamide (a sulfonylurea similar to chlorpropamide) in 3 of the 7 subjects. Repeating the study with 6 healthy male volunteers in the absence of glibenclamide did not detect an effect of acitretin on glucose tolerance. Careful supervision of diabetic patients under treatment with Soriatane is recommended. Hormonal Contraceptives: It has not been established if there is a pharmacokinetic interaction between acitretin and combined oral contraceptives. However, it has been established that acitretin interferes with the contraceptive effect of microdosed progestin minipill preparations. Microdosed minipill progestin preparations are not recommended for use with Soriatane. It is not known whether other progestational contraceptives, such as implants and injectables, are adequate methods of contraception during acitretin therapy. Methotrexate: An increased risk of hepatitis has been reported to result from combined use of methotrexate and etretinate. Consequently, the combination of methotrexate with acitretin is also contraindicated. Phenytoin: If acitretin is given concurrently with phenytoin, the protein binding of phenytoin may be reduced. Tetracyclines: Since both acitretin and tetracyclines can cause increased intracranial pressure, their combined use is contraindicated. Vitamin A and oral retinoids: Concomitant administration of vitamin A and/or other oral retinoids with acitretin must be avoided because of the risk of hypervitaminosis A. Other: There appears to be no pharmacokinetic interaction between acitretin and cimetidine, digoxin, or glyburide. Investigations into the effect of acitretin on the protein binding of anticoagulants of the coumarin type (warfarin) revealed no interaction. Laboratory Tests If significant abnormal laboratory results are obtained, either dosage reduction with careful monitoring or treatment discontinuation is recommended, depending on clinical judgement. Blood Sugar: Some patients receiving retinoids have experienced problems with blood sugar control. In addition, new cases of diabetes have been diagnosed during retinoid therapy, including diabetic ketoacidosis. In diabetics, blood-sugar levels should be monitored very carefully. Lipids: In clinical studies, the incidence of hypertriglyceridemia was 66%, hypercholesterolemia was 33% and that of decreased HDL was 40%. Pretreatment and follow-up measurements should be obtained under fasting conditions. It is recommended that these tests be performed weekly or every other week until the lipid response to Soriatane has stabilized. Liver Function Tests: Elevations of AST (SGOT), ALT (SGPT) or LDH were experienced by approximately 1 in 3 patients treated with Soriatane. It is recommended that these tests be performed prior to initiation of Soriatane therapy, at 1- to 2-week intervals until stable and thereafter at intervals as clinically indicated."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
3125
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Acitretin_ddi_T1",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
0,
7
]
],
"text": [
"Ethanol"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acitretin_ddi_T2",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
41,
51
]
],
"text": [
"etretinate"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acitretin_ddi_T3",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
95,
104
]
],
"text": [
"acitretin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acitretin_ddi_T4",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
109,
116
]
],
"text": [
"ethanol"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acitretin_ddi_T5",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
118,
131
]
],
"text": [
"Glibenclamide"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acitretin_ddi_T6",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
174,
183
]
],
"text": [
"acitretin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acitretin_ddi_T7",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
243,
256
]
],
"text": [
"glibenclamide"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acitretin_ddi_T8",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
260,
272
]
],
"text": [
"sulfonylurea"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acitretin_ddi_T9",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
284,
298
]
],
"text": [
"chlorpropamide"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acitretin_ddi_T10",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
393,
406
]
],
"text": [
"glibenclamide"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acitretin_ddi_T11",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
435,
444
]
],
"text": [
"acitretin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acitretin_ddi_T12",
"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
529,
538
]
],
"text": [
"Soriatane"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acitretin_ddi_T13",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
555,
578
]
],
"text": [
"Hormonal Contraceptives"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acitretin_ddi_T14",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
658,
667
]
],
"text": [
"acitretin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acitretin_ddi_T15",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
672,
700
]
],
"text": [
"combined oral contraceptives"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acitretin_ddi_T16",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
740,
749
]
],
"text": [
"acitretin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acitretin_ddi_T17",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
805,
814
]
],
"text": [
"progestin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acitretin_ddi_T18",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
858,
867
]
],
"text": [
"progestin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acitretin_ddi_T19",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
914,
923
]
],
"text": [
"Soriatane"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acitretin_ddi_T20",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
955,
984
]
],
"text": [
"progestational contraceptives"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acitretin_ddi_T21",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1065,
1074
]
],
"text": [
"acitretin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acitretin_ddi_T22",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1084,
1096
]
],
"text": [
"Methotrexate"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acitretin_ddi_T23",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1178,
1190
]
],
"text": [
"methotrexate"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acitretin_ddi_T24",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1195,
1205
]
],
"text": [
"etretinate"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acitretin_ddi_T25",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1240,
1252
]
],
"text": [
"methotrexate"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acitretin_ddi_T26",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1258,
1267
]
],
"text": [
"acitretin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acitretin_ddi_T27",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1293,
1302
]
],
"text": [
"Phenytoin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acitretin_ddi_T28",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1307,
1316
]
],
"text": [
"acitretin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acitretin_ddi_T29",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1344,
1353
]
],
"text": [
"phenytoin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acitretin_ddi_T30",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1378,
1387
]
],
"text": [
"phenytoin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acitretin_ddi_T31",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
1404,
1417
]
],
"text": [
"Tetracyclines"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acitretin_ddi_T32",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1430,
1439
]
],
"text": [
"acitretin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acitretin_ddi_T33",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
1444,
1457
]
],
"text": [
"tetracyclines"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acitretin_ddi_T34",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
1540,
1549
]
],
"text": [
"Vitamin A"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acitretin_ddi_T35",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
1559,
1568
]
],
"text": [
"retinoids"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acitretin_ddi_T36",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
1600,
1609
]
],
"text": [
"vitamin A"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acitretin_ddi_T37",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
1628,
1637
]
],
"text": [
"retinoids"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acitretin_ddi_T38",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1643,
1652
]
],
"text": [
"acitretin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acitretin_ddi_T39",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1778,
1787
]
],
"text": [
"acitretin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acitretin_ddi_T40",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1792,
1802
]
],
"text": [
"cimetidine"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acitretin_ddi_T41",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1804,
1811
]
],
"text": [
"digoxin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acitretin_ddi_T42",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1816,
1825
]
],
"text": [
"glyburide"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acitretin_ddi_T43",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1861,
1870
]
],
"text": [
"acitretin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acitretin_ddi_T44",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
1897,
1932
]
],
"text": [
"anticoagulants of the coumarin type"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acitretin_ddi_T45",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1934,
1942
]
],
"text": [
"warfarin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acitretin_ddi_T46",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
2206,
2215
]
],
"text": [
"retinoids"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acitretin_ddi_T47",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
2330,
2338
]
],
"text": [
"retinoid"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acitretin_ddi_T48",
"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
2778,
2787
]
],
"text": [
"Soriatane"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acitretin_ddi_T49",
"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
2933,
2942
]
],
"text": [
"Soriatane"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Acitretin_ddi_T50",
"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
3015,
3024
]
],
"text": [
"Soriatane"
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"arg1_id": "Acitretin_ddi_T3",
"arg2_id": "Acitretin_ddi_T4",
"id": "Acitretin_ddi_R1",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Acitretin_ddi_T6",
"arg2_id": "Acitretin_ddi_T7",
"id": "Acitretin_ddi_R2",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Acitretin_ddi_T16",
"arg2_id": "Acitretin_ddi_T17",
"id": "Acitretin_ddi_R3",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Acitretin_ddi_T18",
"arg2_id": "Acitretin_ddi_T19",
"id": "Acitretin_ddi_R4",
"type": "ADVISE",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Acitretin_ddi_T23",
"arg2_id": "Acitretin_ddi_T24",
"id": "Acitretin_ddi_R5",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Acitretin_ddi_T25",
"arg2_id": "Acitretin_ddi_T26",
"id": "Acitretin_ddi_R6",
"type": "ADVISE",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Acitretin_ddi_T28",
"arg2_id": "Acitretin_ddi_T29",
"id": "Acitretin_ddi_R7",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Acitretin_ddi_T32",
"arg2_id": "Acitretin_ddi_T33",
"id": "Acitretin_ddi_R8",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Acitretin_ddi_T36",
"arg2_id": "Acitretin_ddi_T38",
"id": "Acitretin_ddi_R9",
"type": "ADVISE",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Acitretin_ddi_T37",
"arg2_id": "Acitretin_ddi_T38",
"id": "Acitretin_ddi_R10",
"type": "ADVISE",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Adalimumab_ddi | Adalimumab_ddi | [
{
"id": "Adalimumab_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Methotrexate: HUMIRA has been studied in rheumatoid arthritis patients taking concomitant MTX. The data do not suggest the need for dose adjustment of either HUMIRA or MTX. Anakinra: Concurrent administration of anakinra (an interleukin-1 antagonist) and another TNF-blocking agent has been associated with an increased risk of serious infections, an increased risk of neutropenia and no additional benefit compared to these medicinal products alone. The safety and efficacy of anakinra used in combination with HUMIRA has not been studied. Therefore the, combination of anakinra with other TNF-blocking agents, including HUMIRA, may also result i n similar toxicities."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
669
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Adalimumab_ddi_T1",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
0,
12
]
],
"text": [
"Methotrexate"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adalimumab_ddi_T2",
"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
14,
20
]
],
"text": [
"HUMIRA"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adalimumab_ddi_T3",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
90,
93
]
],
"text": [
"MTX"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adalimumab_ddi_T4",
"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
158,
164
]
],
"text": [
"HUMIRA"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adalimumab_ddi_T5",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
168,
171
]
],
"text": [
"MTX"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adalimumab_ddi_T6",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
173,
181
]
],
"text": [
"Anakinra"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adalimumab_ddi_T7",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
212,
220
]
],
"text": [
"anakinra"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adalimumab_ddi_T8",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
225,
249
]
],
"text": [
"interleukin-1 antagonist"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adalimumab_ddi_T9",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
263,
281
]
],
"text": [
"TNF-blocking agent"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adalimumab_ddi_T10",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
478,
486
]
],
"text": [
"anakinra"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adalimumab_ddi_T11",
"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
512,
518
]
],
"text": [
"HUMIRA"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adalimumab_ddi_T12",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
571,
579
]
],
"text": [
"anakinra"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adalimumab_ddi_T13",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
591,
610
]
],
"text": [
"TNF-blocking agents"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adalimumab_ddi_T14",
"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
622,
628
]
],
"text": [
"HUMIRA"
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"arg1_id": "Adalimumab_ddi_T7",
"arg2_id": "Adalimumab_ddi_T9",
"id": "Adalimumab_ddi_R1",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Adalimumab_ddi_T8",
"arg2_id": "Adalimumab_ddi_T9",
"id": "Adalimumab_ddi_R2",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Adalimumab_ddi_T12",
"arg2_id": "Adalimumab_ddi_T13",
"id": "Adalimumab_ddi_R3",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Adalimumab_ddi_T12",
"arg2_id": "Adalimumab_ddi_T14",
"id": "Adalimumab_ddi_R4",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Adapalene_ddi | Adapalene_ddi | [
{
"id": "Adapalene_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"As DIFFERIN Gel has the potential to produce local irritation in some patients, concomitant use of other potentially irritating topical products (medicated or abrasive soaps and cleansers, soaps and cosmetics that have a strong drying effect, and products with high concentrations of alcohol, astringents, spices or lime) should be approached with caution. Particular caution should be exercised in using preparations containing sulfur, resorcinol, or salicylic acid in combination with DIFFERIN Gel. If these preparations have been used it is advisable not to start therapy with DIFFERIN Gel until the effects of such preparations in the skin have subsided."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
658
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Adapalene_ddi_T1",
"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
3,
11
]
],
"text": [
"DIFFERIN"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adapalene_ddi_T2",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
429,
435
]
],
"text": [
"sulfur"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adapalene_ddi_T3",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
437,
447
]
],
"text": [
"resorcinol"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adapalene_ddi_T4",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
452,
466
]
],
"text": [
"salicylic acid"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adapalene_ddi_T5",
"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
487,
495
]
],
"text": [
"DIFFERIN"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adapalene_ddi_T6",
"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
580,
588
]
],
"text": [
"DIFFERIN"
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
Adefovir Dipivoxil_ddi | Adefovir Dipivoxil_ddi | [
{
"id": "Adefovir Dipivoxil_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Before using this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist of all prescription and nonprescription products you may use, especially of: aminoglycosides (e.g., gentamicin, amikacin), amphotericin B, cyclosporine, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (e.g., ibuprofen), tacrolimus, vancomycin. Do not start or stop any medicine without doctor or pharmacist approval."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
367
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Adefovir Dipivoxil_ddi_T1",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
138,
153
]
],
"text": [
"aminoglycosides"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adefovir Dipivoxil_ddi_T2",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
161,
171
]
],
"text": [
"gentamicin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adefovir Dipivoxil_ddi_T3",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
173,
181
]
],
"text": [
"amikacin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adefovir Dipivoxil_ddi_T4",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
184,
198
]
],
"text": [
"amphotericin B"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adefovir Dipivoxil_ddi_T5",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
200,
212
]
],
"text": [
"cyclosporine"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adefovir Dipivoxil_ddi_T6",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
214,
245
]
],
"text": [
"non-steroidal anti-inflammatory"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adefovir Dipivoxil_ddi_T7",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
259,
268
]
],
"text": [
"ibuprofen"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adefovir Dipivoxil_ddi_T8",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
271,
281
]
],
"text": [
"tacrolimus"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adefovir Dipivoxil_ddi_T9",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
283,
293
]
],
"text": [
"vancomycin"
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
Adenosine_ddi | Adenosine_ddi | [
{
"id": "Adenosine_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Intravenous Adenocard (adenosine) has been effectively administered in the presence of other cardioactive drugs, such as quinidine, beta-adrenergic blocking agents, calcium channel blocking agents, and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, without any change in the adverse reaction profile. Digoxin and verapamil use may be rarely associated with ventricular fibrillation when combined with Adenocard. Because of the potential for additive or synergistic depressant effects on the SA and AV nodes, however, Adenocard should be used with caution in the presence of these agents. The use of Adenocard in patients receiving digitalis may be rarely associated with ventricular fibrillation. The effects of adenosine are antagonized by methylxanthines such as caffeine and theophylline. In the presence of these methylxanthines, larger doses of adenosine may be required or adenosine may not be effective. Adenosine effects are potentiated by dipyridamole. Thus, smaller doses of adenosine may be effective in the presence of dipyridamole. Carbamazepine has been reported to increase the degree of heart block produced by other agents. As the primary effect of adenosine is to decrease conduction through the A-V node, higher degrees of heart block may be produced in the presence of carbamazepine."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1298
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Adenosine_ddi_T1",
"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
12,
21
]
],
"text": [
"Adenocard"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adenosine_ddi_T2",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
23,
32
]
],
"text": [
"adenosine"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adenosine_ddi_T3",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
121,
130
]
],
"text": [
"quinidine"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adenosine_ddi_T4",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
132,
163
]
],
"text": [
"beta-adrenergic blocking agents"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adenosine_ddi_T5",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
165,
196
]
],
"text": [
"calcium channel blocking agents"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adenosine_ddi_T6",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
202,
242
]
],
"text": [
"angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adenosine_ddi_T7",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
296,
303
]
],
"text": [
"Digoxin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adenosine_ddi_T8",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
308,
317
]
],
"text": [
"verapamil"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adenosine_ddi_T9",
"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
396,
405
]
],
"text": [
"Adenocard"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adenosine_ddi_T10",
"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
512,
521
]
],
"text": [
"Adenocard"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adenosine_ddi_T11",
"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
594,
603
]
],
"text": [
"Adenocard"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adenosine_ddi_T12",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
626,
635
]
],
"text": [
"digitalis"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adenosine_ddi_T13",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
707,
716
]
],
"text": [
"adenosine"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adenosine_ddi_T14",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
736,
751
]
],
"text": [
"methylxanthines"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adenosine_ddi_T15",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
760,
768
]
],
"text": [
"caffeine"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adenosine_ddi_T16",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
773,
785
]
],
"text": [
"theophylline"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adenosine_ddi_T17",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
812,
827
]
],
"text": [
"methylxanthines"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adenosine_ddi_T18",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
845,
854
]
],
"text": [
"adenosine"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adenosine_ddi_T19",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
874,
883
]
],
"text": [
"adenosine"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adenosine_ddi_T20",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
906,
915
]
],
"text": [
"Adenosine"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adenosine_ddi_T21",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
943,
955
]
],
"text": [
"dipyridamole"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adenosine_ddi_T22",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
980,
989
]
],
"text": [
"adenosine"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adenosine_ddi_T23",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1026,
1038
]
],
"text": [
"dipyridamole"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adenosine_ddi_T24",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1040,
1053
]
],
"text": [
"Carbamazepine"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adenosine_ddi_T25",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1161,
1170
]
],
"text": [
"adenosine"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adenosine_ddi_T26",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1284,
1297
]
],
"text": [
"carbamazepine"
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"arg1_id": "Adenosine_ddi_T7",
"arg2_id": "Adenosine_ddi_T9",
"id": "Adenosine_ddi_R1",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Adenosine_ddi_T8",
"arg2_id": "Adenosine_ddi_T9",
"id": "Adenosine_ddi_R2",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Adenosine_ddi_T11",
"arg2_id": "Adenosine_ddi_T12",
"id": "Adenosine_ddi_R3",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Adenosine_ddi_T13",
"arg2_id": "Adenosine_ddi_T14",
"id": "Adenosine_ddi_R4",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Adenosine_ddi_T13",
"arg2_id": "Adenosine_ddi_T15",
"id": "Adenosine_ddi_R5",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Adenosine_ddi_T13",
"arg2_id": "Adenosine_ddi_T16",
"id": "Adenosine_ddi_R6",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Adenosine_ddi_T17",
"arg2_id": "Adenosine_ddi_T18",
"id": "Adenosine_ddi_R7",
"type": "ADVISE",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Adenosine_ddi_T17",
"arg2_id": "Adenosine_ddi_T19",
"id": "Adenosine_ddi_R8",
"type": "ADVISE",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Adenosine_ddi_T20",
"arg2_id": "Adenosine_ddi_T21",
"id": "Adenosine_ddi_R9",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Adenosine_ddi_T22",
"arg2_id": "Adenosine_ddi_T23",
"id": "Adenosine_ddi_R10",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Adenosine_ddi_T25",
"arg2_id": "Adenosine_ddi_T26",
"id": "Adenosine_ddi_R11",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Adinazolam_ddi | Adinazolam_ddi | [
{
"id": "Adinazolam_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Co-administration with antifungal agents such as ketoconazole or itraconazole is not recommended. Nafazodone, fluvoxamine, cimetidine (consider Xanax dose reduction). Fluoxetine, OCs, sertraline, diltiazem, macrolide antibiotics (exercise caution)."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
248
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Adinazolam_ddi_T1",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
23,
40
]
],
"text": [
"antifungal agents"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adinazolam_ddi_T2",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
49,
61
]
],
"text": [
"ketoconazole"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adinazolam_ddi_T3",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
65,
77
]
],
"text": [
"itraconazole"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adinazolam_ddi_T4",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
98,
108
]
],
"text": [
"Nafazodone"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adinazolam_ddi_T5",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
110,
121
]
],
"text": [
"fluvoxamine"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adinazolam_ddi_T6",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
123,
133
]
],
"text": [
"cimetidine"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adinazolam_ddi_T7",
"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
144,
149
]
],
"text": [
"Xanax"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adinazolam_ddi_T8",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
167,
177
]
],
"text": [
"Fluoxetine"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adinazolam_ddi_T9",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
179,
182
]
],
"text": [
"OCs"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adinazolam_ddi_T10",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
184,
194
]
],
"text": [
"sertraline"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adinazolam_ddi_T11",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
196,
205
]
],
"text": [
"diltiazem"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adinazolam_ddi_T12",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
207,
228
]
],
"text": [
"macrolide antibiotics"
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"arg1_id": "Adinazolam_ddi_T4",
"arg2_id": "Adinazolam_ddi_T7",
"id": "Adinazolam_ddi_R1",
"type": "ADVISE",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Adinazolam_ddi_T5",
"arg2_id": "Adinazolam_ddi_T7",
"id": "Adinazolam_ddi_R2",
"type": "ADVISE",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Adinazolam_ddi_T6",
"arg2_id": "Adinazolam_ddi_T7",
"id": "Adinazolam_ddi_R3",
"type": "ADVISE",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Agalsidase beta_ddi | Agalsidase beta_ddi | [
{
"id": "Agalsidase beta_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"No drug interaction studies were performed. No in vitro metabolism studies were performed."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
90
]
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] | [] |
Albendazole_ddi | Albendazole_ddi | [
{
"id": "Albendazole_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Dexamethasone: Steady-state trough concentrations of albendazole sulfoxide were about 56% higher when 8 mg dexamethasone was coadministered with each dose of albendazole (15 mg/kg/day) in eight neurocysticercosis patients. Praziquantel: In the fed state, praziquantel (40 mg/kg) increased mean maximum plasma concentration and area under the curve of albendazole sulfoxide by about 50% in healthy subjects (n=10) compared with a separate group of subjects (n=6) given albendazole alone. Mean T max and mean plasma elimination half-life of albendazole sulfoxide were unchanged. The pharmacokinetics of praziquantel were unchanged following coadministration with albendazole (400 mg). Cimetidine: Albendazole sulfoxide concentrations in bile and cystic fluid were increased (about 2-fold) in hydatid cyst patients treated with cimetidine (10 mg/kg/day) (n=7) compared with albendazole (20 mg/kg/day) alone (n=12). Albendazole sulfoxide plasma concentrations were unchanged 4 hours after dosing. Theophylline: The pharmacokinetics of theophylline (aminophylline 5.8 mg/kg infused over 20 minutes) were unchanged following a single oral dose of albendazole (400 mg) in 6 healthy subjects."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1184
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Albendazole_ddi_T1",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
0,
13
]
],
"text": [
"Dexamethasone"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Albendazole_ddi_T2",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
53,
74
]
],
"text": [
"albendazole sulfoxide"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Albendazole_ddi_T3",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
107,
120
]
],
"text": [
"dexamethasone"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Albendazole_ddi_T4",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
158,
169
]
],
"text": [
"albendazole"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Albendazole_ddi_T5",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
223,
235
]
],
"text": [
"Praziquantel"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Albendazole_ddi_T6",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
255,
267
]
],
"text": [
"praziquantel"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Albendazole_ddi_T7",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
351,
372
]
],
"text": [
"albendazole sulfoxide"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Albendazole_ddi_T8",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
468,
479
]
],
"text": [
"albendazole"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Albendazole_ddi_T9",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
539,
560
]
],
"text": [
"albendazole sulfoxide"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Albendazole_ddi_T10",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
601,
613
]
],
"text": [
"praziquantel"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Albendazole_ddi_T11",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
661,
672
]
],
"text": [
"albendazole"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Albendazole_ddi_T12",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
683,
693
]
],
"text": [
"Cimetidine"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Albendazole_ddi_T13",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
695,
716
]
],
"text": [
"Albendazole sulfoxide"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Albendazole_ddi_T14",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
825,
835
]
],
"text": [
"cimetidine"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Albendazole_ddi_T15",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
871,
882
]
],
"text": [
"albendazole"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Albendazole_ddi_T16",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
912,
933
]
],
"text": [
"Albendazole sulfoxide"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Albendazole_ddi_T17",
"type": "DRUG",
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[
993,
1005
]
],
"text": [
"Theophylline"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Albendazole_ddi_T18",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1031,
1043
]
],
"text": [
"theophylline"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Albendazole_ddi_T19",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1045,
1058
]
],
"text": [
"aminophylline"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Albendazole_ddi_T20",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1141,
1152
]
],
"text": [
"albendazole"
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"arg1_id": "Albendazole_ddi_T3",
"arg2_id": "Albendazole_ddi_T4",
"id": "Albendazole_ddi_R1",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Albendazole_ddi_T6",
"arg2_id": "Albendazole_ddi_T7",
"id": "Albendazole_ddi_R2",
"type": "MECHANISM",
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{
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"arg2_id": "Albendazole_ddi_T14",
"id": "Albendazole_ddi_R3",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Alclometasone_ddi | Alclometasone_ddi | [
{
"id": "Alclometasone_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"No information provided"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
23
]
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] | [] |
Aldesleukin_ddi | Aldesleukin_ddi | [
{
"id": "Aldesleukin_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"PROLEUKIN may affect central nervous function. Therefore, interactions could occur following concomitant administration of psychotropic drugs (e.g., narcotics, analgesics, antiemetics, sedatives, tranquilizers). Concurrent administration of drugs possessing nephrotoxic (e.g., aminoglycosides, indomethacin), myelotoxic (e.g., cytotoxic chemotherapy), cardiotoxic (e.g., doxorubicin) or hepatotoxic (e.g., methotrexate, asparaginase) effects with PROLEUKIN may increase toxicity in these organ systems. The safety and efficacy of PROLEUKIN in combination with any antineoplastic agents have not been established. In addition, reduced kidney and liver function secondary to PROLEUKIN treatment may delay elimination of concomitant medications and increase the risk of adverse events from those drugs. Hypersensitivity reactions have been reported in patients receiving combination regimens containing sequential high dose PROLEUKIN and antineoplastic agents, specifically, dacarbazine, cis-platinum, tamoxifen and interferon-alfa. These reactions consisted of erythema, pruritus, and hypotension and occurred within hours of administration of chemotherapy. These events required medical intervention in some patients. Myocardial injury, including myocardial infarction, myocarditis, ventricular hypokinesia, and severe rhabdomyolysis appear to be increased in patients receiving PROLEUKIN and interferon-alfa concurrently. Exacerbation or the initial presentation of a number of autoimmune and inflammatory disorders has been observed following concurrent use of interferon-alfa and PROLEUKIN, including crescentic IgA glomerulonephritis, oculo-bulbar myasthenia gravis, inflammatory arthritis, thyroiditis, bullous pemphigoid, and Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Although glucocorticoids have been shown to reduce PROLEUKIN-induced side effects including fever, renal insufficiency, hyperbilirubinemia, confusion, and dyspnea, concomitant administration of these agents with PROLEUKIN may reduce the antitumor effectiveness of PROLEUKIN and thus should be avoided. 12 Beta-blockers and other antihypertensives may potentiate the hypotension seen with PROLEUKIN. Delayed Adverse Reactions to Iodinated Contrast Media: A review of the literature revealed that 12.6% (range 11-28%) of 501 patients treated with various interleukin-2 containing regimens who were subsequently administered radiographic iodinated contrast media experienced acute, atypical adverse reactions. The onset of symptoms usually occurred within hours (most commonly 1 to 4 hours) following the administration of contrast media. These reactions include fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, pruritus, rash, diarrhea, hypotension, edema, and oliguria. Some clinicians have noted that these reactions resemble the immediate side effects caused by interleukin-2 administration, however the cause of contrast reactions after interleukin-2 therapy is unknown. Most events were reported to occur when contrast media was given within 4 weeks after the last dose of interleukin-2. These events were also reported to occur when contrast media was given several months after interleukin-2 treatment."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
3148
]
]
}
] | [
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"type": "BRAND",
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[
0,
9
]
],
"text": [
"PROLEUKIN"
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{
"id": "Aldesleukin_ddi_T2",
"type": "GROUP",
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[
123,
141
]
],
"text": [
"psychotropic drugs"
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"type": "GROUP",
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149,
158
]
],
"text": [
"narcotics"
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"type": "GROUP",
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[
160,
170
]
],
"text": [
"analgesics"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aldesleukin_ddi_T5",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
172,
183
]
],
"text": [
"antiemetics"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aldesleukin_ddi_T6",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
185,
194
]
],
"text": [
"sedatives"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aldesleukin_ddi_T7",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
196,
209
]
],
"text": [
"tranquilizers"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aldesleukin_ddi_T8",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
277,
292
]
],
"text": [
"aminoglycosides"
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"normalized": []
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{
"id": "Aldesleukin_ddi_T9",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
294,
306
]
],
"text": [
"indomethacin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aldesleukin_ddi_T10",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
327,
336
]
],
"text": [
"cytotoxic"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aldesleukin_ddi_T11",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
371,
382
]
],
"text": [
"doxorubicin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aldesleukin_ddi_T12",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
406,
418
]
],
"text": [
"methotrexate"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aldesleukin_ddi_T13",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
420,
432
]
],
"text": [
"asparaginase"
],
"normalized": []
},
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"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
447,
456
]
],
"text": [
"PROLEUKIN"
],
"normalized": []
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"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
530,
539
]
],
"text": [
"PROLEUKIN"
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"normalized": []
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{
"id": "Aldesleukin_ddi_T16",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
564,
585
]
],
"text": [
"antineoplastic agents"
],
"normalized": []
},
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"id": "Aldesleukin_ddi_T17",
"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
673,
682
]
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"text": [
"PROLEUKIN"
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[
921,
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]
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"text": [
"PROLEUKIN"
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"id": "Aldesleukin_ddi_T19",
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"offsets": [
[
935,
956
]
],
"text": [
"antineoplastic agents"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aldesleukin_ddi_T20",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
972,
983
]
],
"text": [
"dacarbazine"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aldesleukin_ddi_T21",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
985,
997
]
],
"text": [
"cis-platinum"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aldesleukin_ddi_T22",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
999,
1008
]
],
"text": [
"tamoxifen"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
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"type": "DRUG",
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[
1013,
1028
]
],
"text": [
"interferon-alfa"
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"normalized": []
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"offsets": [
[
1378,
1387
]
],
"text": [
"PROLEUKIN"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aldesleukin_ddi_T25",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1392,
1407
]
],
"text": [
"interferon-alfa"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aldesleukin_ddi_T26",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1562,
1577
]
],
"text": [
"interferon-alfa"
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"normalized": []
},
{
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"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
1582,
1591
]
],
"text": [
"PROLEUKIN"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aldesleukin_ddi_T28",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
1766,
1781
]
],
"text": [
"glucocorticoids"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aldesleukin_ddi_T29",
"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
1808,
1817
]
],
"text": [
"PROLEUKIN"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aldesleukin_ddi_T30",
"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
1969,
1978
]
],
"text": [
"PROLEUKIN"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aldesleukin_ddi_T31",
"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
2021,
2030
]
],
"text": [
"PROLEUKIN"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aldesleukin_ddi_T32",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
2062,
2075
]
],
"text": [
"Beta-blockers"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aldesleukin_ddi_T33",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
2086,
2103
]
],
"text": [
"antihypertensives"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aldesleukin_ddi_T34",
"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
2145,
2154
]
],
"text": [
"PROLEUKIN"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aldesleukin_ddi_T35",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
2185,
2209
]
],
"text": [
"Iodinated Contrast Media"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aldesleukin_ddi_T36",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
2310,
2323
]
],
"text": [
"interleukin-2"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aldesleukin_ddi_T37",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
2379,
2416
]
],
"text": [
"radiographic iodinated contrast media"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aldesleukin_ddi_T38",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
2804,
2817
]
],
"text": [
"interleukin-2"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aldesleukin_ddi_T39",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
3017,
3030
]
],
"text": [
"interleukin-2"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aldesleukin_ddi_T40",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
3124,
3137
]
],
"text": [
"interleukin-2"
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"arg1_id": "Aldesleukin_ddi_T8",
"arg2_id": "Aldesleukin_ddi_T14",
"id": "Aldesleukin_ddi_R1",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Aldesleukin_ddi_T9",
"arg2_id": "Aldesleukin_ddi_T14",
"id": "Aldesleukin_ddi_R2",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Aldesleukin_ddi_T10",
"arg2_id": "Aldesleukin_ddi_T14",
"id": "Aldesleukin_ddi_R3",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Aldesleukin_ddi_T11",
"arg2_id": "Aldesleukin_ddi_T14",
"id": "Aldesleukin_ddi_R4",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Aldesleukin_ddi_T12",
"arg2_id": "Aldesleukin_ddi_T14",
"id": "Aldesleukin_ddi_R5",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Aldesleukin_ddi_T13",
"arg2_id": "Aldesleukin_ddi_T14",
"id": "Aldesleukin_ddi_R6",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Aldesleukin_ddi_T18",
"arg2_id": "Aldesleukin_ddi_T19",
"id": "Aldesleukin_ddi_R7",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Aldesleukin_ddi_T18",
"arg2_id": "Aldesleukin_ddi_T20",
"id": "Aldesleukin_ddi_R8",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Aldesleukin_ddi_T18",
"arg2_id": "Aldesleukin_ddi_T21",
"id": "Aldesleukin_ddi_R9",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Aldesleukin_ddi_T18",
"arg2_id": "Aldesleukin_ddi_T22",
"id": "Aldesleukin_ddi_R10",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Aldesleukin_ddi_T18",
"arg2_id": "Aldesleukin_ddi_T23",
"id": "Aldesleukin_ddi_R11",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Aldesleukin_ddi_T24",
"arg2_id": "Aldesleukin_ddi_T25",
"id": "Aldesleukin_ddi_R12",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Aldesleukin_ddi_T26",
"arg2_id": "Aldesleukin_ddi_T27",
"id": "Aldesleukin_ddi_R13",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Aldesleukin_ddi_T28",
"arg2_id": "Aldesleukin_ddi_T29",
"id": "Aldesleukin_ddi_R14",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Aldesleukin_ddi_T32",
"arg2_id": "Aldesleukin_ddi_T34",
"id": "Aldesleukin_ddi_R15",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Aldesleukin_ddi_T33",
"arg2_id": "Aldesleukin_ddi_T34",
"id": "Aldesleukin_ddi_R16",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Aldesleukin_ddi_T36",
"arg2_id": "Aldesleukin_ddi_T37",
"id": "Aldesleukin_ddi_R17",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Alefacept_ddi | Alefacept_ddi | [
{
"id": "Alefacept_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"No formal interaction studies have been performed. The duration of the period following treatment with AMEVIVE before one should consider starting other immunosuppressive therapy has not been evaluated. Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, and Fertility In a chronic toxicity study, cynomolgus monkeys were dosed weekly for 52 weeks with intravenous alefacept at 1 mg/kg/dose or 20 mg/kg/dose. One animal in the high dose group developed a B-cell lymphoma that was detected after 28 weeks of dosing. Additional animals in both dose groups developed B-cell hyperplasia of the spleen and lymph nodes. All animals in the study were positive for an endemic primate gammaherpes virus also known as lymphocryptovirus (LCV). Latent LCV infection is generally asymptomatic, but can lead to B-cell lymphomas when animals are immune suppressed. In a separate study, baboons given 3 doses of alefacept at 1 mg/kg every 8 weeks were found to have centroblast proliferation in B-cell dependent areas in the germinal centers of the spleen following a 116-day washout period. The role of AMEVIVE in the development of the lymphoid malignancy and the hyperplasia observed in non-human primates and the relevance to humans is unknown. Immunodeficiency-associated lymphocyte disorders (plasmacytic hyperplasia, polymorphic proliferation, and B-cell lymphomas) occur in patients who have congenital or acquired immunodeficiencies including those resulting from immunosuppressive therapy. No carcinogenicity or fertility studies were conducted. Mutagenicity studies were conducted in vitro and in vivo; no evidence of mutagenicity was observed. Pregnancy (Category B) Women of childbearing potential make up a considerable segment of the patient population affected by psoriasis. Since the effect of AMEVIVE on pregnancy and fetal development, including immune system development, is not known, health care providers are encouraged to enroll patients currently taking AMEVIVE who become pregnant into the Biogen Pregnancy Registry by calling 1-866-AMEVIVE (1-866-263-8483). Reproductive toxicology studies have been performed in cynomolgus monkeys at doses up to 5 mg/kg/week (about 62 times the human dose based on body weight) and have revealed no evidence of impaired fertility or harm to the fetus due to AMEVIVE. No abortifacient or teratogenic effects were observed in cynomolgus monkeys following intravenous bolus injections of AMEVIVE administered weekly during the period of organogenesis to gestation. AMEVIVE underwent trans-placental passage and produced in utero exposure in the developing monkeys. In utero, serum levels of exposure in these monkeys were 23% of maternal serum levels. No evidence of fetal toxicity including adverse effects on immune system development was observed in any of these animals. Animal reproduction studies, however, are not always predictive of human response and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Because the risk to the development of the fetal immune system and postnatal immune function in humans is unknown, AMEVIVE should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. If pregnancy occurs while taking AMEVIVE, continued use of the drug should be assessed. Nursing Mothers It is not known whether AMEVIVE is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, and because there exists the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants from AMEVIVE, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing while taking the drug or to discontinue the use of the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother. Geriatric Use Of the 1357 patients who received AMEVIVE in clinical trials, a total of 100 patients were 65 years of age and 13 patients were 75 years of age. No differences in safety or efficacy were observed between older and younger patients, but there were not sufficient data to exclude important differences. Because the incidence of infections and certain malignancies is higher in the elderly population, in general, caution should be used in treating the elderly. Pediatric Use The safety and efficacy of AMEVIVE in pediatric patients have not been studied. AMEVIVE is not indicated for pediatric patients."
],
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[
0,
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}
] | [
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"id": "Alefacept_ddi_T1",
"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
103,
110
]
],
"text": [
"AMEVIVE"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alefacept_ddi_T2",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
154,
171
]
],
"text": [
"immunosuppressive"
],
"normalized": []
},
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"id": "Alefacept_ddi_T3",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
343,
352
]
],
"text": [
"alefacept"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alefacept_ddi_T4",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
874,
883
]
],
"text": [
"alefacept"
],
"normalized": []
},
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"id": "Alefacept_ddi_T5",
"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
1066,
1073
]
],
"text": [
"AMEVIVE"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alefacept_ddi_T6",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
1435,
1452
]
],
"text": [
"immunosuppressive"
],
"normalized": []
},
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"id": "Alefacept_ddi_T7",
"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
1773,
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"AMEVIVE"
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"id": "Alefacept_ddi_T8",
"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
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1941,
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"type": "BRAND",
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[
2021,
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]
],
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"AMEVIVE"
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"normalized": []
},
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"id": "Alefacept_ddi_T10",
"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
2282,
2289
]
],
"text": [
"AMEVIVE"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alefacept_ddi_T11",
"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
2409,
2416
]
],
"text": [
"AMEVIVE"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alefacept_ddi_T12",
"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
2486,
2493
]
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"text": [
"AMEVIVE"
],
"normalized": []
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{
"id": "Alefacept_ddi_T13",
"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
3066,
3073
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],
"text": [
"AMEVIVE"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alefacept_ddi_T14",
"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
3164,
3171
]
],
"text": [
"AMEVIVE"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alefacept_ddi_T15",
"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
3259,
3266
]
],
"text": [
"AMEVIVE"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alefacept_ddi_T16",
"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
3434,
3441
]
],
"text": [
"AMEVIVE"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alefacept_ddi_T17",
"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
3671,
3678
]
],
"text": [
"AMEVIVE"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alefacept_ddi_T18",
"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
4137,
4144
]
],
"text": [
"AMEVIVE"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alefacept_ddi_T19",
"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
4190,
4197
]
],
"text": [
"AMEVIVE"
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
Alemtuzumab_ddi | Alemtuzumab_ddi | [
{
"id": "Alemtuzumab_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Drug/Laboratory Interactions No formal drug interaction studies have been performed with Campath. An immune response to Campath may interfere with subsequent diagnostic serum tests that utilize antibodies ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
206
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Alemtuzumab_ddi_T1",
"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
89,
96
]
],
"text": [
"Campath"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alemtuzumab_ddi_T2",
"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
120,
127
]
],
"text": [
"Campath"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alemtuzumab_ddi_T3",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
194,
204
]
],
"text": [
"antibodies"
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
Alendronate_ddi | Alendronate_ddi | [
{
"id": "Alendronate_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Intravenous ranitidine was shown to double the bioavailability of oral alendronate. The clinical significance of this increased bioavailability and whether similar increases will occur in patients given oral H2-antagonists is unknown; no other specific drug interaction studies were performed. Products containing calcium and other multivalent cations likely will interfere with absorption of alendronate."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
405
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Alendronate_ddi_T1",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
12,
22
]
],
"text": [
"ranitidine"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alendronate_ddi_T2",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
71,
82
]
],
"text": [
"alendronate"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alendronate_ddi_T3",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
208,
222
]
],
"text": [
"H2-antagonists"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alendronate_ddi_T4",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
314,
321
]
],
"text": [
"calcium"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alendronate_ddi_T5",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
332,
351
]
],
"text": [
"multivalent cations"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alendronate_ddi_T6",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
393,
404
]
],
"text": [
"alendronate"
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"arg1_id": "Alendronate_ddi_T1",
"arg2_id": "Alendronate_ddi_T2",
"id": "Alendronate_ddi_R1",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Alendronate_ddi_T4",
"arg2_id": "Alendronate_ddi_T6",
"id": "Alendronate_ddi_R2",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Alendronate_ddi_T5",
"arg2_id": "Alendronate_ddi_T6",
"id": "Alendronate_ddi_R3",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Alfentanil_ddi | Alfentanil_ddi | [
{
"id": "Alfentanil_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Both the magnitude and duration of central nervous system and cardiovascular effects may be enhanced when ALFENTA is administered in combination with other CNS depressants such as barbiturates, tranquilizers, opioids, or inhalation general anesthetics. Postoperative respiratory depression may be enhanced or prolonged by these agents. In such cases of combined treatment, the dose of one or both agents should be reduced. Limited clinical experience indicates that requirements for volatile inhalation anesthetics are reduced by 30 to 50% for the first sixty (60) minutes following ALFENTA induction The concomitant use of erythromycin with ALFENTA can significantly inhibit ALFENTA clearance and may increase the risk of prolonged or delayed respiratory depression. Cimetidine reduces the clearance of ALFENTA. Therefore smaller ALFENTA doses will be required with prolonged administration and the duration of action of ALFENTA my be extended. Perioperative administration of drugs affecting hepatic blood flow or enzyme function may reduce plasma clearance and prolong recovery."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1081
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Alfentanil_ddi_T1",
"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
106,
113
]
],
"text": [
"ALFENTA"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alfentanil_ddi_T2",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
156,
171
]
],
"text": [
"CNS depressants"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alfentanil_ddi_T3",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
180,
192
]
],
"text": [
"barbiturates"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alfentanil_ddi_T4",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
194,
207
]
],
"text": [
"tranquilizers"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alfentanil_ddi_T5",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
209,
216
]
],
"text": [
"opioids"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alfentanil_ddi_T6",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
240,
251
]
],
"text": [
"anesthetics"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alfentanil_ddi_T7",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
483,
514
]
],
"text": [
"volatile inhalation anesthetics"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alfentanil_ddi_T8",
"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
583,
590
]
],
"text": [
"ALFENTA"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alfentanil_ddi_T9",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
624,
636
]
],
"text": [
"erythromycin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alfentanil_ddi_T10",
"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
642,
649
]
],
"text": [
"ALFENTA"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alfentanil_ddi_T11",
"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
676,
683
]
],
"text": [
"ALFENTA"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alfentanil_ddi_T12",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
768,
778
]
],
"text": [
"Cimetidine"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alfentanil_ddi_T13",
"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
804,
811
]
],
"text": [
"ALFENTA"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alfentanil_ddi_T14",
"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
831,
838
]
],
"text": [
"ALFENTA"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alfentanil_ddi_T15",
"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
922,
929
]
],
"text": [
"ALFENTA"
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"arg1_id": "Alfentanil_ddi_T1",
"arg2_id": "Alfentanil_ddi_T2",
"id": "Alfentanil_ddi_R1",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Alfentanil_ddi_T1",
"arg2_id": "Alfentanil_ddi_T3",
"id": "Alfentanil_ddi_R2",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Alfentanil_ddi_T1",
"arg2_id": "Alfentanil_ddi_T4",
"id": "Alfentanil_ddi_R3",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Alfentanil_ddi_T1",
"arg2_id": "Alfentanil_ddi_T5",
"id": "Alfentanil_ddi_R4",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Alfentanil_ddi_T1",
"arg2_id": "Alfentanil_ddi_T6",
"id": "Alfentanil_ddi_R5",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Alfentanil_ddi_T7",
"arg2_id": "Alfentanil_ddi_T8",
"id": "Alfentanil_ddi_R6",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Alfentanil_ddi_T9",
"arg2_id": "Alfentanil_ddi_T10",
"id": "Alfentanil_ddi_R7",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Alfentanil_ddi_T12",
"arg2_id": "Alfentanil_ddi_T13",
"id": "Alfentanil_ddi_R8",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Alfuzosin_ddi | Alfuzosin_ddi | [
{
"id": "Alfuzosin_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Drug-Drug Interactions: The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions between UROXATRAL and other alpha-blockers have not been determined. However, interactions may be expected, and UROXATRAL should NOT be used in combination with other alpha-blockers."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
259
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Alfuzosin_ddi_T1",
"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
85,
94
]
],
"text": [
"UROXATRAL"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alfuzosin_ddi_T2",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
105,
119
]
],
"text": [
"alpha-blockers"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alfuzosin_ddi_T3",
"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
189,
198
]
],
"text": [
"UROXATRAL"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alfuzosin_ddi_T4",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
244,
258
]
],
"text": [
"alpha-blockers"
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"arg1_id": "Alfuzosin_ddi_T3",
"arg2_id": "Alfuzosin_ddi_T4",
"id": "Alfuzosin_ddi_R1",
"type": "ADVISE",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Alglucosidase alfa_ddi | Alglucosidase alfa_ddi | [
{
"id": "Alglucosidase alfa_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"No drug interaction studies have been performed."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
48
]
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] | [] |
Aliskiren_ddi | Aliskiren_ddi | [
{
"id": "Aliskiren_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Effects of Other Drugs on Aliskiren Based on in-vitro studies, aliskiren is metabolized by CYP 3A4. Co-administration of lovastatin, atenolol, warfarin, furosemide, digoxin, celecoxib, hydrochlorothiazide, ramipril, valsartan, metformin and amlodipine did not result in clinically significant increases in aliskiren exposure. Co-administration of irbesartan reduced aliskiren Cmax up to 50% after multiple dosing. Co-administration of atorvastatin resulted in about a 50% increase in aliskiren Cmax and AUC after multiple dosing. Ketoconazole: Co-administration of 200 mg twice-daily ketoconazole with aliskiren resulted in an approximate 80% increase in plasma levels of aliskiren. A 400 mg once-daily dose was not studied but would be expected to increase aliskiren blood levels further. Effects of Aliskiren on Other Drugs Aliskiren does not inhibit the CYP450 isoenzymes (CYP1A2, 2C8, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 2E1, and CYP 3A) or induce CYP 3A4. Co-administration of aliskiren did not significantly affect the pharmacokinetics of lovastatin, digoxin, valsartan, amlodipine, metformin, celecoxib, atenolol, atorvastatin, ramipril or hydrochlorothiazide. Warfarin: The effects of aliskiren on warfarin pharmacokinetics have not been evaluated in a well-controlled clinical trial. Furosemide: When aliskiren was co-administered with furosemide, the AUC and Cmax of furosemide were reduced by about 30% and 50%, respectively."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1416
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Aliskiren_ddi_T1",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
26,
35
]
],
"text": [
"Aliskiren"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aliskiren_ddi_T2",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
63,
72
]
],
"text": [
"aliskiren"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aliskiren_ddi_T3",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
121,
131
]
],
"text": [
"lovastatin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aliskiren_ddi_T4",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
133,
141
]
],
"text": [
"atenolol"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aliskiren_ddi_T5",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
143,
151
]
],
"text": [
"warfarin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aliskiren_ddi_T6",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
153,
163
]
],
"text": [
"furosemide"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aliskiren_ddi_T7",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
165,
172
]
],
"text": [
"digoxin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aliskiren_ddi_T8",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
174,
183
]
],
"text": [
"celecoxib"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aliskiren_ddi_T9",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
185,
204
]
],
"text": [
"hydrochlorothiazide"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aliskiren_ddi_T10",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
206,
214
]
],
"text": [
"ramipril"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aliskiren_ddi_T11",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
216,
225
]
],
"text": [
"valsartan"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aliskiren_ddi_T12",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
227,
236
]
],
"text": [
"metformin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aliskiren_ddi_T13",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
241,
251
]
],
"text": [
"amlodipine"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aliskiren_ddi_T14",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
306,
315
]
],
"text": [
"aliskiren"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aliskiren_ddi_T15",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
347,
357
]
],
"text": [
"irbesartan"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aliskiren_ddi_T16",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
366,
375
]
],
"text": [
"aliskiren"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aliskiren_ddi_T17",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
435,
447
]
],
"text": [
"atorvastatin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aliskiren_ddi_T18",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
484,
493
]
],
"text": [
"aliskiren"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aliskiren_ddi_T19",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
530,
542
]
],
"text": [
"Ketoconazole"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aliskiren_ddi_T20",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
584,
596
]
],
"text": [
"ketoconazole"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aliskiren_ddi_T21",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
602,
611
]
],
"text": [
"aliskiren"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aliskiren_ddi_T22",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
672,
681
]
],
"text": [
"aliskiren"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aliskiren_ddi_T23",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
758,
767
]
],
"text": [
"aliskiren"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aliskiren_ddi_T24",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
801,
810
]
],
"text": [
"Aliskiren"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aliskiren_ddi_T25",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
826,
835
]
],
"text": [
"Aliskiren"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aliskiren_ddi_T26",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
962,
971
]
],
"text": [
"aliskiren"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aliskiren_ddi_T27",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1025,
1035
]
],
"text": [
"lovastatin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aliskiren_ddi_T28",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1037,
1044
]
],
"text": [
"digoxin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aliskiren_ddi_T29",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1046,
1055
]
],
"text": [
"valsartan"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aliskiren_ddi_T30",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1057,
1067
]
],
"text": [
"amlodipine"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aliskiren_ddi_T31",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1069,
1078
]
],
"text": [
"metformin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aliskiren_ddi_T32",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1080,
1089
]
],
"text": [
"celecoxib"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aliskiren_ddi_T33",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1091,
1099
]
],
"text": [
"atenolol"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aliskiren_ddi_T34",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1101,
1113
]
],
"text": [
"atorvastatin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aliskiren_ddi_T35",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1115,
1123
]
],
"text": [
"ramipril"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aliskiren_ddi_T36",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1127,
1146
]
],
"text": [
"hydrochlorothiazide"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aliskiren_ddi_T37",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1148,
1156
]
],
"text": [
"Warfarin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aliskiren_ddi_T38",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1173,
1182
]
],
"text": [
"aliskiren"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aliskiren_ddi_T39",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1186,
1194
]
],
"text": [
"warfarin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aliskiren_ddi_T40",
"type": "DRUG",
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1273,
1283
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"text": [
"Furosemide"
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"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aliskiren_ddi_T41",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
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1290,
1299
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"text": [
"aliskiren"
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"normalized": []
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"id": "Aliskiren_ddi_T42",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1325,
1335
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"text": [
"furosemide"
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"normalized": []
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{
"id": "Aliskiren_ddi_T43",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
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1357,
1367
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],
"text": [
"furosemide"
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"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"arg1_id": "Aliskiren_ddi_T15",
"arg2_id": "Aliskiren_ddi_T16",
"id": "Aliskiren_ddi_R1",
"type": "MECHANISM",
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"arg1_id": "Aliskiren_ddi_T17",
"arg2_id": "Aliskiren_ddi_T18",
"id": "Aliskiren_ddi_R2",
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{
"arg1_id": "Aliskiren_ddi_T20",
"arg2_id": "Aliskiren_ddi_T21",
"id": "Aliskiren_ddi_R3",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"normalized": []
},
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"arg1_id": "Aliskiren_ddi_T41",
"arg2_id": "Aliskiren_ddi_T42",
"id": "Aliskiren_ddi_R4",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Alitretinoin_ddi | Alitretinoin_ddi | [
{
"id": "Alitretinoin_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Patients who are applying Panretin gel should not concurrently use products that contain DEET (N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide), a common component of insect repellent products. Animal toxicology studies showed increased DEET toxicity when DEET was included as proof of the formulation. Although there was no clinical evidence in the vehicle-controlled studies of drug interactions with systemic antiretroviral agents, including protease inhibitors, macrolide antibiotics, and azole antifungals, the effect of Panretin gel on the steady-state concentrations of these drugs is not known. No drug interaction data are available on concomitant administration of Panretin gel and systemic anti-KS agents."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
693
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]
}
] | [
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"id": "Alitretinoin_ddi_T1",
"type": "BRAND",
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26,
34
]
],
"text": [
"Panretin"
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},
{
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"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
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89,
93
]
],
"text": [
"DEET"
],
"normalized": []
},
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"type": "DRUG",
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98,
119
]
],
"text": [
"N-diethyl-m-toluamide"
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"type": "DRUG",
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214,
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]
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"text": [
"DEET"
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"type": "DRUG",
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233,
237
]
],
"text": [
"DEET"
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},
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"id": "Alitretinoin_ddi_T6",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
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389,
410
]
],
"text": [
"antiretroviral agents"
],
"normalized": []
},
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"id": "Alitretinoin_ddi_T7",
"type": "GROUP",
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422,
441
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"text": [
"protease inhibitors"
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"id": "Alitretinoin_ddi_T8",
"type": "GROUP",
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443,
464
]
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"text": [
"macrolide antibiotics"
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"id": "Alitretinoin_ddi_T9",
"type": "GROUP",
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470,
487
]
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"text": [
"azole antifungals"
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"id": "Alitretinoin_ddi_T10",
"type": "BRAND",
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503,
511
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"text": [
"Panretin"
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"id": "Alitretinoin_ddi_T11",
"type": "BRAND",
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652,
660
]
],
"text": [
"Panretin"
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"arg1_id": "Alitretinoin_ddi_T1",
"arg2_id": "Alitretinoin_ddi_T2",
"id": "Alitretinoin_ddi_R1",
"type": "ADVISE",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Alitretinoin_ddi_T1",
"arg2_id": "Alitretinoin_ddi_T3",
"id": "Alitretinoin_ddi_R2",
"type": "ADVISE",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Allopurinol_ddi | Allopurinol_ddi | [
{
"id": "Allopurinol_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"The following drug interactions were observed in some patients undergoing treatment with oral allopurinol. Although the pattern of use for oral allopurinol includes longer term therapy, particularly for gout and renal calculi, the experience gained may be relevant. Mercaptopurine/Azathioprine: Allopurinol inhibits the enzymatic oxidation of mercaptopurine and azathioprine to 6-thiouric acid. This oxidation, which is catalyzed by xanthine oxidase, inactivates mercaptopurine. In patients receiving mercaptopurine (Purinethol) or azathioprine (Imuran), the concomitant administration of 300-600 mg of allopurinol per day will require a reduction in dose to approximately one-third to one-fourth of the usual dose of mercaptopurine or azathioprine. Subsequent adjustment of doses of mercaptopurine or azathioprine should be made on the basis of therapeutic response and the appearance of toxic effects. Dicumarol: It has been reported that allopurinol prolongs the half-life of the anticoagulant, dicumarol. The clinical basis of this drug interaction has not been established but should be noted when allopurinol is given to patients already on dicumarol therapy. Consequently, prothrombin time should be reassessed periodically in patients receiving both drugs. Uricosuric Agents: Since the excretion of oxipurinol is similar to that of urate, uricosuric agents, which increase the excretion of urate, are also likely to increase the excretion of oxipurinol and thus lower the degree of inhibition of xanthine oxidase. The concomitant administration of uricosuric agents and allopurinol has been associated with a decrease in the excretion of oxypurines (hypoxanthine and xanthine) and an increase in urinary uric acid excretion compared with that observed with allopurinol alone. Although clinical evidence to date has not demonstrated renal precipitation of oxypurines in patients either on allopurinol alone or in combination with uricosuric agents, the possibility should be kept in mind. Thiazide Diuretics: The reports that the concomitant use of allopurinol and thiazide diuretics may contribute to the enhancement of allopurinol toxicity in some patients have been reviewed in an attempt to establish a cause-and-effect relationship and a mechanism of causation. Review of these case reports indicates that the patients were mainly receiving thiazide diuretics for hypertension and that tests to rule out decreased renal function secondary to hypertensive nephropathy were not often performed. In those patients in whom renal insufficiency was documented, however, the recommendation to lower the dose of allopurinol was not followed. Although a causal mechanism and a cause-and-effect relationship have not been established, current evidence suggests that renal function should be monitored in patients on thiazide diuretics and allopurinol even in the absence of renal failure, and dosage levels should be even more conservatively adjusted in those patients on such combined therapy if diminished renal function is detected.. Ampicillin/Amoxicillin: An increase in the frequency of skin rash has been reported among patients receiving ampicillin or amoxicillin concurrently with allopurinol compared to patients who are not receiving both drugs. The cause of the reported association has not been established. Cytotoxic Agents: Enhanced bone marrow suppression by cyclophosphamide and other cytotoxic agents has been reported among patients with neoplastic disease, except leukemia, in the presence of allopurinol. However, in a well-controlled study of patients with lymphoma on combination therapy, allopurinol did not increase the marrow toxicity of patients treated with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, bleomycin, procarbazine and/or mechlorethamine. Chlorpropamide: Chlorpropamides plasma half-life may be prolonged by allopurinol, since allopurinol and chlorpropamide may compete for excretion in the renal tubule. The risk of hypoglycemia secondary to this mechanism may be increased if allopurinol and chlorpropamide are given concomitantly in the presence of renal insufficiency. Cyclosporin: Reports indicate that cyclosporine levels may be increased during concomitant treatment with allopurinol sodium for injection. Monitoring of cyclosporine levels and possible adjustment of cyclosporine dosage should be considered when these drugs are co-administered. Tolbutamides conversion to inactive metabolites has been shown to be catalyzed by xanthine oxidase from rat liver. The clinical significance, if any, of these observations is unknown."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
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]
]
}
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]
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"allopurinol"
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"id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T2",
"type": "DRUG",
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144,
155
]
],
"text": [
"allopurinol"
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},
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"id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T3",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
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266,
280
]
],
"text": [
"Mercaptopurine"
],
"normalized": []
},
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"id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T4",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
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281,
293
]
],
"text": [
"Azathioprine"
],
"normalized": []
},
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"id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T5",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
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295,
306
]
],
"text": [
"Allopurinol"
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"normalized": []
},
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"id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T6",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
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343,
357
]
],
"text": [
"mercaptopurine"
],
"normalized": []
},
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"id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T7",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
362,
374
]
],
"text": [
"azathioprine"
],
"normalized": []
},
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"id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T8",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
378,
393
]
],
"text": [
"6-thiouric acid"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T9",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
463,
477
]
],
"text": [
"mercaptopurine"
],
"normalized": []
},
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"id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T10",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
501,
515
]
],
"text": [
"mercaptopurine"
],
"normalized": []
},
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"id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T11",
"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
517,
527
]
],
"text": [
"Purinethol"
],
"normalized": []
},
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"id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T12",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
532,
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]
],
"text": [
"azathioprine"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T13",
"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
546,
552
]
],
"text": [
"Imuran"
],
"normalized": []
},
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"id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T14",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
603,
614
]
],
"text": [
"allopurinol"
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"normalized": []
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"id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T15",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
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718,
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]
],
"text": [
"mercaptopurine"
],
"normalized": []
},
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"id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T16",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
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736,
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]
],
"text": [
"azathioprine"
],
"normalized": []
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"id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T17",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
784,
798
]
],
"text": [
"mercaptopurine"
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"normalized": []
},
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"id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T18",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
802,
814
]
],
"text": [
"azathioprine"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T19",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
904,
913
]
],
"text": [
"Dicumarol"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T20",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
941,
952
]
],
"text": [
"allopurinol"
],
"normalized": []
},
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"id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T21",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
983,
996
]
],
"text": [
"anticoagulant"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T22",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
998,
1007
]
],
"text": [
"dicumarol"
],
"normalized": []
},
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"id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T23",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1103,
1114
]
],
"text": [
"allopurinol"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T24",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1147,
1156
]
],
"text": [
"dicumarol"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T25",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
1265,
1282
]
],
"text": [
"Uricosuric Agents"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T26",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1307,
1317
]
],
"text": [
"oxipurinol"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T27",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
1347,
1364
]
],
"text": [
"uricosuric agents"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T28",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1450,
1460
]
],
"text": [
"oxipurinol"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T29",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
1556,
1573
]
],
"text": [
"uricosuric agents"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T30",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1578,
1589
]
],
"text": [
"allopurinol"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T31",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1765,
1776
]
],
"text": [
"allopurinol"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T32",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1896,
1907
]
],
"text": [
"allopurinol"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T33",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
1937,
1954
]
],
"text": [
"uricosuric agents"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T34",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
1996,
2014
]
],
"text": [
"Thiazide Diuretics"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T35",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
2056,
2067
]
],
"text": [
"allopurinol"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T36",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
2072,
2090
]
],
"text": [
"thiazide diuretics"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T37",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
2128,
2139
]
],
"text": [
"allopurinol"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T38",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
2353,
2371
]
],
"text": [
"thiazide diuretics"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T39",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
2616,
2627
]
],
"text": [
"allopurinol"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T40",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
2818,
2836
]
],
"text": [
"thiazide diuretics"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T41",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
2841,
2852
]
],
"text": [
"allopurinol"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T42",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
3039,
3049
]
],
"text": [
"Ampicillin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T43",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
3050,
3061
]
],
"text": [
"Amoxicillin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T44",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
3148,
3158
]
],
"text": [
"ampicillin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T45",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
3162,
3173
]
],
"text": [
"amoxicillin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T46",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
3192,
3203
]
],
"text": [
"allopurinol"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T47",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
3323,
3339
]
],
"text": [
"Cytotoxic Agents"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T48",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
3377,
3393
]
],
"text": [
"cyclophosphamide"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T49",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
3404,
3420
]
],
"text": [
"cytotoxic agents"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T50",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
3515,
3526
]
],
"text": [
"allopurinol"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T51",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
3614,
3625
]
],
"text": [
"allopurinol"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T52",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
3688,
3704
]
],
"text": [
"cyclophosphamide"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T53",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
3706,
3717
]
],
"text": [
"doxorubicin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T54",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
3719,
3728
]
],
"text": [
"bleomycin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T55",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
3730,
3742
]
],
"text": [
"procarbazine"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T56",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
3750,
3765
]
],
"text": [
"mechlorethamine"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T57",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
3767,
3781
]
],
"text": [
"Chlorpropamide"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T58",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
3783,
3797
]
],
"text": [
"Chlorpropamide"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T59",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
3836,
3847
]
],
"text": [
"allopurinol"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T60",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
3855,
3866
]
],
"text": [
"allopurinol"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T61",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
3871,
3885
]
],
"text": [
"chlorpropamide"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T62",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
4006,
4017
]
],
"text": [
"allopurinol"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T63",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
4022,
4036
]
],
"text": [
"chlorpropamide"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T64",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
4101,
4112
]
],
"text": [
"Cyclosporin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T65",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
4136,
4148
]
],
"text": [
"cyclosporine"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T66",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
4207,
4225
]
],
"text": [
"allopurinol sodium"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T67",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
4255,
4267
]
],
"text": [
"cyclosporine"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T68",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
4302,
4314
]
],
"text": [
"cyclosporine"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T69",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
4381,
4392
]
],
"text": [
"Tolbutamide"
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"arg1_id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T5",
"arg2_id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T6",
"id": "Allopurinol_ddi_R1",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T5",
"arg2_id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T7",
"id": "Allopurinol_ddi_R2",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T14",
"arg2_id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T15",
"id": "Allopurinol_ddi_R3",
"type": "ADVISE",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T14",
"arg2_id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T16",
"id": "Allopurinol_ddi_R4",
"type": "ADVISE",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T20",
"arg2_id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T22",
"id": "Allopurinol_ddi_R5",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T27",
"arg2_id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T28",
"id": "Allopurinol_ddi_R6",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T29",
"arg2_id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T30",
"id": "Allopurinol_ddi_R7",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T35",
"arg2_id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T36",
"id": "Allopurinol_ddi_R8",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T40",
"arg2_id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T41",
"id": "Allopurinol_ddi_R9",
"type": "ADVISE",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T44",
"arg2_id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T46",
"id": "Allopurinol_ddi_R10",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T45",
"arg2_id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T46",
"id": "Allopurinol_ddi_R11",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T48",
"arg2_id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T50",
"id": "Allopurinol_ddi_R12",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T49",
"arg2_id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T50",
"id": "Allopurinol_ddi_R13",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T58",
"arg2_id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T59",
"id": "Allopurinol_ddi_R14",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T60",
"arg2_id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T61",
"id": "Allopurinol_ddi_R15",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T62",
"arg2_id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T63",
"id": "Allopurinol_ddi_R16",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T65",
"arg2_id": "Allopurinol_ddi_T66",
"id": "Allopurinol_ddi_R17",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Almotriptan_ddi | Almotriptan_ddi | [
{
"id": "Almotriptan_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Ergot-Containing Drugs: These drugs have been reported to cause prolonged vasospastic reactions. Because there is a theoretical basis that these effects may be additive, use of ergotamine-containing or ergot-type medications (like dihydroergotamine or methysergide) and AXERT within 24 hours of each other should be avoided. Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors: Coadministration of moclobemide resulted in a 27% decrease in almotriptan clearance and an increase in Cmax of approximately 6%. No dose adjustment is necessary. Other 5-HT1B/1D Agonists Concomitant use of other 5-HT1B/1D agonists within 24 hours of treatment with AXERT is contraindicated. Propanolol: The pharmacokinetics of almotriptan were not affected by coadministration of propranolol. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs): SSRIs (e.g., fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, paroxetine, sertraline) have been rarely reported to cause weakness, hyperreflexia, and incoordination when coadministered with 5-HT1 agonists. If concomitant treatment with AXERT and an SSRI is clinically warranted, appropriate observation of the patient is advised. Verapamil: Coadministration of almotriptan and verapamil resulted in a 24% increase in plasma concentrations of almotriptan. No dose adjustment is necessary. Coadministration of almotriptan and the potent CYP3A4 inhibitor ketoconazole (400 mg q.d. for 3 days) resulted in an approximately 60% increase in the area under the plasma concentration-time curve and maximal plasma concentrations of almotriptan. Although the interaction between almotriptan and other potent CYP3A4 inhibitors (e.g., itraconazole, ritonavir, and erythromycin) has not been studied, increased exposures to almotriptan may be expected when almotriptan is used concomitantly with these medications. AXERT is not known to interfere with commonly employed clinical laboratory tests."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1856
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Almotriptan_ddi_T1",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
0,
22
]
],
"text": [
"Ergot-Containing Drugs"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Almotriptan_ddi_T2",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
177,
187
]
],
"text": [
"ergotamine"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Almotriptan_ddi_T3",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
202,
224
]
],
"text": [
"ergot-type medications"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Almotriptan_ddi_T4",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
231,
248
]
],
"text": [
"dihydroergotamine"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Almotriptan_ddi_T5",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
252,
264
]
],
"text": [
"methysergide"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Almotriptan_ddi_T6",
"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
270,
275
]
],
"text": [
"AXERT"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Almotriptan_ddi_T7",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
325,
353
]
],
"text": [
"Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Almotriptan_ddi_T8",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
375,
386
]
],
"text": [
"moclobemide"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Almotriptan_ddi_T9",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
417,
428
]
],
"text": [
"almotriptan"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Almotriptan_ddi_T10",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
523,
541
]
],
"text": [
"5-HT1B/1D Agonists"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Almotriptan_ddi_T11",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
567,
585
]
],
"text": [
"5-HT1B/1D agonists"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Almotriptan_ddi_T12",
"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
620,
625
]
],
"text": [
"AXERT"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Almotriptan_ddi_T13",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
646,
656
]
],
"text": [
"Propanolol"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Almotriptan_ddi_T14",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
682,
693
]
],
"text": [
"almotriptan"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Almotriptan_ddi_T15",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
735,
746
]
],
"text": [
"propranolol"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Almotriptan_ddi_T16",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
748,
787
]
],
"text": [
"Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Almotriptan_ddi_T17",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
789,
794
]
],
"text": [
"SSRIs"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Almotriptan_ddi_T18",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
797,
802
]
],
"text": [
"SSRIs"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Almotriptan_ddi_T19",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
810,
820
]
],
"text": [
"fluoxetine"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Almotriptan_ddi_T20",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
822,
833
]
],
"text": [
"fluvoxamine"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Almotriptan_ddi_T21",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
835,
845
]
],
"text": [
"paroxetine"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Almotriptan_ddi_T22",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
847,
857
]
],
"text": [
"sertraline"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Almotriptan_ddi_T23",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
963,
977
]
],
"text": [
"5-HT1 agonists"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Almotriptan_ddi_T24",
"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
1009,
1014
]
],
"text": [
"AXERT"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Almotriptan_ddi_T25",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
1022,
1026
]
],
"text": [
"SSRI"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Almotriptan_ddi_T26",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1103,
1112
]
],
"text": [
"Verapamil"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Almotriptan_ddi_T27",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1134,
1145
]
],
"text": [
"almotriptan"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Almotriptan_ddi_T28",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1150,
1159
]
],
"text": [
"verapamil"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Almotriptan_ddi_T29",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1215,
1226
]
],
"text": [
"almotriptan"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Almotriptan_ddi_T30",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1281,
1292
]
],
"text": [
"almotriptan"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Almotriptan_ddi_T31",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1325,
1337
]
],
"text": [
"ketoconazole"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Almotriptan_ddi_T32",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1496,
1507
]
],
"text": [
"almotriptan"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Almotriptan_ddi_T33",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1542,
1553
]
],
"text": [
"almotriptan"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Almotriptan_ddi_T34",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1596,
1608
]
],
"text": [
"itraconazole"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Almotriptan_ddi_T35",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1610,
1619
]
],
"text": [
"ritonavir"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Almotriptan_ddi_T36",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1625,
1637
]
],
"text": [
"erythromycin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Almotriptan_ddi_T37",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1684,
1695
]
],
"text": [
"almotriptan"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Almotriptan_ddi_T38",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1717,
1728
]
],
"text": [
"almotriptan"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Almotriptan_ddi_T39",
"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
1775,
1780
]
],
"text": [
"AXERT"
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"arg1_id": "Almotriptan_ddi_T2",
"arg2_id": "Almotriptan_ddi_T6",
"id": "Almotriptan_ddi_R1",
"type": "ADVISE",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Almotriptan_ddi_T3",
"arg2_id": "Almotriptan_ddi_T6",
"id": "Almotriptan_ddi_R2",
"type": "ADVISE",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Almotriptan_ddi_T4",
"arg2_id": "Almotriptan_ddi_T6",
"id": "Almotriptan_ddi_R3",
"type": "ADVISE",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Almotriptan_ddi_T5",
"arg2_id": "Almotriptan_ddi_T6",
"id": "Almotriptan_ddi_R4",
"type": "ADVISE",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Almotriptan_ddi_T8",
"arg2_id": "Almotriptan_ddi_T9",
"id": "Almotriptan_ddi_R5",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Almotriptan_ddi_T11",
"arg2_id": "Almotriptan_ddi_T12",
"id": "Almotriptan_ddi_R6",
"type": "ADVISE",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Almotriptan_ddi_T18",
"arg2_id": "Almotriptan_ddi_T23",
"id": "Almotriptan_ddi_R7",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Almotriptan_ddi_T19",
"arg2_id": "Almotriptan_ddi_T23",
"id": "Almotriptan_ddi_R8",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Almotriptan_ddi_T20",
"arg2_id": "Almotriptan_ddi_T23",
"id": "Almotriptan_ddi_R9",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Almotriptan_ddi_T21",
"arg2_id": "Almotriptan_ddi_T23",
"id": "Almotriptan_ddi_R10",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Almotriptan_ddi_T22",
"arg2_id": "Almotriptan_ddi_T23",
"id": "Almotriptan_ddi_R11",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Almotriptan_ddi_T24",
"arg2_id": "Almotriptan_ddi_T25",
"id": "Almotriptan_ddi_R12",
"type": "ADVISE",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Almotriptan_ddi_T27",
"arg2_id": "Almotriptan_ddi_T28",
"id": "Almotriptan_ddi_R13",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Almotriptan_ddi_T30",
"arg2_id": "Almotriptan_ddi_T31",
"id": "Almotriptan_ddi_R14",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Almotriptan_ddi_T34",
"arg2_id": "Almotriptan_ddi_T38",
"id": "Almotriptan_ddi_R15",
"type": "ADVISE",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Almotriptan_ddi_T35",
"arg2_id": "Almotriptan_ddi_T38",
"id": "Almotriptan_ddi_R16",
"type": "ADVISE",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Almotriptan_ddi_T36",
"arg2_id": "Almotriptan_ddi_T38",
"id": "Almotriptan_ddi_R17",
"type": "ADVISE",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Alosetron_ddi | Alosetron_ddi | [
{
"id": "Alosetron_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Because alosetron is metabolized by a variety of hepatic CYP drug-metabolizing enzymes, inducers or inhibitors of these enzymes may change the clearance of alosetron. Fluvoxamine is a known strong inhibitor of CYP1A2 and also inhibits CYP3A4, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19. In a pharmacokinetic study, 40 healthy female subjects received fluvoxamine in escalating doses from 50 to 200 mg per day for 16 days, with coadministration of alosetron 1 mg on the last day. Fluvoxamine increased mean alosetron plasma concentrations (AUC) approximately 6-fold and prolonged the half-life by approximately 3-fold. Concomitant administration of alosetron and fluvoxamine is contraindicated. Concomitant administration of alosetron and moderate CYP1A2 inhibitors, including quinolone antibiotics and cimetidine, has not been evaluated, but should be avoided unless clinically necessary because of similar potential drug interactions. Ketoconazole is a known strong inhibitor of CYP3A4. In a pharmacokinetic study, 38 healthy female subjects received ketoconazole 200 mg twice daily for 7 days, with coadministration of alosetron 1 mg on the last day. Ketoconazole increased mean alosetron plasma concentrations (AUC) by 29%. Caution should be used when alosetron and ketoconazole are administered concomitantly. Coadministration of alosetron and strong CYP3A4 inhibitors, such as clarithromycin, telithromycin, protease inhibitors, voriconazole, and itraconazole has not been evaluated but should be undertaken with caution because of similar potential drug interactions. The effect of induction or inhibition of other pathways on exposure to alosetron and its metabolites is not known. In vitro human liver microsome studies and an in vivo metabolic probe study demonstrated that alosetron did not inhibit CYP enzymes 2D6, 3A4, 2C9, or 2C19. In vitro, at total drug concentrations 27-fold higher than peak plasma concentrations observed with the 1-mg dosage, alosetron inhibited CYP enzymes 1A2 (60%) and 2E1 (50%). In an in vivo metabolic probe study, alosetron did not inhibit CYP2E1 but did produce 30% inhibition of both CYP1A2 and N-acetyltransferase. Although not studied with alosetron, inhibition of N-acetyltransferase may have clinically relevant consequences for drugs such as isoniazid, procainamide, and hydralazine. The effect on CYP1A2 was explored further in a clinical interaction study with theophylline and no effect on metabolism was observed. Another study showed that alosetron had no clinically significant effect on plasma concentrations of the oral contraceptive agents ethinyl estradiol and levonorgestrel (CYP3A4 substrates). A clinical interaction study was also conducted with alosetron and the CYP3A4 substrate cisapride. No significant effects on cisapride metabolism or QT interval were noted. The effect of alosetron on monoamine oxidases and on intestinal first pass secondary to high intraluminal concentrations have not been examined. Based on the above data from in vitro and in vivo studies, it is unlikely that alosetron will inhibit the hepatic metabolic clearance of drugs metabolized by the major CYP enzyme 3A4, as well as the CYP enzymes 2D6, 2C9, 2C19, 2E1, or 1A2. Alosetron does not appear to induce the major cytochrome P450 (CYP) drug metabolizing enzyme 3A. Alosetron also does not appear to induce CYP enzymes 2E1 or 2C19. It is not known whether alosetron might induce other enzymes."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
3415
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Alosetron_ddi_T1",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
8,
17
]
],
"text": [
"alosetron"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alosetron_ddi_T2",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
156,
165
]
],
"text": [
"alosetron"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alosetron_ddi_T3",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
167,
178
]
],
"text": [
"Fluvoxamine"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alosetron_ddi_T4",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
328,
339
]
],
"text": [
"fluvoxamine"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alosetron_ddi_T5",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
424,
433
]
],
"text": [
"alosetron"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alosetron_ddi_T6",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
456,
467
]
],
"text": [
"Fluvoxamine"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alosetron_ddi_T7",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
483,
492
]
],
"text": [
"alosetron"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alosetron_ddi_T8",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
625,
634
]
],
"text": [
"alosetron"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alosetron_ddi_T9",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
639,
650
]
],
"text": [
"fluvoxamine"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alosetron_ddi_T10",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
701,
710
]
],
"text": [
"alosetron"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alosetron_ddi_T11",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
753,
774
]
],
"text": [
"quinolone antibiotics"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alosetron_ddi_T12",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
779,
789
]
],
"text": [
"cimetidine"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alosetron_ddi_T13",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
913,
925
]
],
"text": [
"Ketoconazole"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alosetron_ddi_T14",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1029,
1041
]
],
"text": [
"ketoconazole"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alosetron_ddi_T15",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1098,
1107
]
],
"text": [
"alosetron"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alosetron_ddi_T16",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1130,
1142
]
],
"text": [
"Ketoconazole"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alosetron_ddi_T17",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1158,
1167
]
],
"text": [
"alosetron"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alosetron_ddi_T18",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1232,
1241
]
],
"text": [
"alosetron"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alosetron_ddi_T19",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1246,
1258
]
],
"text": [
"ketoconazole"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alosetron_ddi_T20",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1311,
1320
]
],
"text": [
"alosetron"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alosetron_ddi_T21",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1359,
1373
]
],
"text": [
"clarithromycin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alosetron_ddi_T22",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1375,
1388
]
],
"text": [
"telithromycin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alosetron_ddi_T23",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
1390,
1409
]
],
"text": [
"protease inhibitors"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alosetron_ddi_T24",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1411,
1423
]
],
"text": [
"voriconazole"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alosetron_ddi_T25",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1429,
1441
]
],
"text": [
"itraconazole"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alosetron_ddi_T26",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1622,
1631
]
],
"text": [
"alosetron"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alosetron_ddi_T27",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1760,
1769
]
],
"text": [
"alosetron"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alosetron_ddi_T28",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1939,
1948
]
],
"text": [
"alosetron"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alosetron_ddi_T29",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
2033,
2042
]
],
"text": [
"alosetron"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alosetron_ddi_T30",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
2163,
2172
]
],
"text": [
"alosetron"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alosetron_ddi_T31",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
2268,
2277
]
],
"text": [
"isoniazid"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alosetron_ddi_T32",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
2279,
2291
]
],
"text": [
"procainamide"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alosetron_ddi_T33",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
2297,
2308
]
],
"text": [
"hydralazine"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alosetron_ddi_T34",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
2389,
2401
]
],
"text": [
"theophylline"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alosetron_ddi_T35",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
2470,
2479
]
],
"text": [
"alosetron"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alosetron_ddi_T36",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
2554,
2574
]
],
"text": [
"contraceptive agents"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alosetron_ddi_T37",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
2575,
2592
]
],
"text": [
"ethinyl estradiol"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alosetron_ddi_T38",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
2597,
2611
]
],
"text": [
"levonorgestrel"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alosetron_ddi_T39",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
2686,
2695
]
],
"text": [
"alosetron"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alosetron_ddi_T40",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
2721,
2730
]
],
"text": [
"cisapride"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alosetron_ddi_T41",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
2758,
2767
]
],
"text": [
"cisapride"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alosetron_ddi_T42",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
2820,
2829
]
],
"text": [
"alosetron"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alosetron_ddi_T43",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
3030,
3039
]
],
"text": [
"alosetron"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alosetron_ddi_T44",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
3191,
3200
]
],
"text": [
"Alosetron"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alosetron_ddi_T45",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
3288,
3297
]
],
"text": [
"Alosetron"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alosetron_ddi_T46",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
3378,
3387
]
],
"text": [
"alosetron"
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"arg1_id": "Alosetron_ddi_T6",
"arg2_id": "Alosetron_ddi_T7",
"id": "Alosetron_ddi_R1",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Alosetron_ddi_T8",
"arg2_id": "Alosetron_ddi_T9",
"id": "Alosetron_ddi_R2",
"type": "ADVISE",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Alosetron_ddi_T10",
"arg2_id": "Alosetron_ddi_T11",
"id": "Alosetron_ddi_R3",
"type": "ADVISE",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Alosetron_ddi_T10",
"arg2_id": "Alosetron_ddi_T12",
"id": "Alosetron_ddi_R4",
"type": "ADVISE",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Alosetron_ddi_T16",
"arg2_id": "Alosetron_ddi_T17",
"id": "Alosetron_ddi_R5",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Alosetron_ddi_T18",
"arg2_id": "Alosetron_ddi_T19",
"id": "Alosetron_ddi_R6",
"type": "ADVISE",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Alosetron_ddi_T20",
"arg2_id": "Alosetron_ddi_T21",
"id": "Alosetron_ddi_R7",
"type": "ADVISE",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Alosetron_ddi_T20",
"arg2_id": "Alosetron_ddi_T22",
"id": "Alosetron_ddi_R8",
"type": "ADVISE",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Alosetron_ddi_T20",
"arg2_id": "Alosetron_ddi_T23",
"id": "Alosetron_ddi_R9",
"type": "ADVISE",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Alosetron_ddi_T20",
"arg2_id": "Alosetron_ddi_T24",
"id": "Alosetron_ddi_R10",
"type": "ADVISE",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Alosetron_ddi_T20",
"arg2_id": "Alosetron_ddi_T25",
"id": "Alosetron_ddi_R11",
"type": "ADVISE",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Alosetron_ddi_T30",
"arg2_id": "Alosetron_ddi_T31",
"id": "Alosetron_ddi_R12",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Alosetron_ddi_T30",
"arg2_id": "Alosetron_ddi_T32",
"id": "Alosetron_ddi_R13",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Alosetron_ddi_T30",
"arg2_id": "Alosetron_ddi_T33",
"id": "Alosetron_ddi_R14",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Alprazolam_ddi | Alprazolam_ddi | [
{
"id": "Alprazolam_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"The benzodiazepines, including alprazolam, produce additive CNS depressant effects when co-administered with other psychotropic medications, anticonvulsants, antihistaminics, ethanol, and other drugs which themselves produce CNS depression. The steady state plasma concentrations of imipramine and desipramine have been reported to be increased an average of 31% and 20%, respectively, by the concomitant administration of alprazolam tablets in doses up to 4 mg/day. The clinical significance of these changes is unknown. Drugs That Inhibit Alprazolam Metabolism Via Cytochrome P450 3A: The initial step in alprazolam metabolism is hydroxylation catalyzed by cytochrome P450 3A (CYP 3A). Drugs which inhibit this metabolic pathway may have a profound effect on the clearance of alprazolam . Drugs Demonstrated to be CYP 3A Inhibitors of Possible Clinical Significance on the Basis of Clinical Studies Involving Alprazolam (caution is recommended during coadministration with alprazolam): Coadministration of fluoxetine with alprazolam increased the maximum plasma concentration of alprazolam by 46%, decreased clearance by 21%, increased half-life by 17%, and decreased measured psychomotor performance. Coadministration of propoxyphene decreased the maximum plasma concentration of alprazolam by 6%, decreased clearance by 38%, and increased half-life by 58%. Coadministration of oral contraceptives increased the maximum plasma concentration of alprazolam by 18%, decreased clearance by 22%, and increased half-life by 29%. Drugs and other substances demonstrated to be CYP 3A inhibitors on the basis of clinical studies involving benzodiazepines metabolized similarly to alprazolam or on the basis of in vitro studies with alprazolam or other benzodiazepines (caution is recommended during coadministration with alprazolam): Available data from clinical studies of benzodiazepines other than alprazolam suggest a possible drug interaction with alprazolam for the following: diltiazem, isoniazid, macrolide antibiotics such as erythromycin and clarithromycin, and grapefruit juice. Data from in vitro studies of alprazolam suggest a possible drug interaction with alprazolam for the following: sertraline and paroxetine. Data from in vitro studies of benzodiazepines other than alprazolam suggest a possible drug interaction for the following: ergotamine, cyclosporine, amiodarone, nicardipine, and nifedipine. Caution is recommended during the coadministration of any of these with alprazolam."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2496
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T1",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
4,
19
]
],
"text": [
"benzodiazepines"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T2",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
31,
41
]
],
"text": [
"alprazolam"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T3",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
115,
139
]
],
"text": [
"psychotropic medications"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T4",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
141,
156
]
],
"text": [
"anticonvulsants"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T5",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
158,
173
]
],
"text": [
"antihistaminics"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T6",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
175,
182
]
],
"text": [
"ethanol"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T7",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
283,
293
]
],
"text": [
"imipramine"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T8",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
298,
309
]
],
"text": [
"desipramine"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T9",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
423,
433
]
],
"text": [
"alprazolam"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T10",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
541,
551
]
],
"text": [
"Alprazolam"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T11",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
607,
617
]
],
"text": [
"alprazolam"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T12",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
778,
788
]
],
"text": [
"alprazolam"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T13",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
911,
921
]
],
"text": [
"Alprazolam"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T14",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
975,
985
]
],
"text": [
"alprazolam"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T15",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1008,
1018
]
],
"text": [
"fluoxetine"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T16",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1024,
1034
]
],
"text": [
"alprazolam"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T17",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1081,
1091
]
],
"text": [
"alprazolam"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T18",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1224,
1236
]
],
"text": [
"propoxyphene"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T19",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1283,
1293
]
],
"text": [
"alprazolam"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T20",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
1386,
1400
]
],
"text": [
"contraceptives"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T21",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1447,
1457
]
],
"text": [
"alprazolam"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T22",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
1633,
1648
]
],
"text": [
"benzodiazepines"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T23",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1674,
1684
]
],
"text": [
"alprazolam"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T24",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1726,
1736
]
],
"text": [
"alprazolam"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T25",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
1746,
1761
]
],
"text": [
"benzodiazepines"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T26",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1815,
1825
]
],
"text": [
"alprazolam"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T27",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
1868,
1883
]
],
"text": [
"benzodiazepines"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T28",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1895,
1905
]
],
"text": [
"alprazolam"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T29",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1947,
1957
]
],
"text": [
"alprazolam"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T30",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1977,
1986
]
],
"text": [
"diltiazem"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T31",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
1988,
1997
]
],
"text": [
"isoniazid"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T32",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
1999,
2020
]
],
"text": [
"macrolide antibiotics"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T33",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
2029,
2041
]
],
"text": [
"erythromycin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T34",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
2046,
2060
]
],
"text": [
"clarithromycin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T35",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
2114,
2124
]
],
"text": [
"alprazolam"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T36",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
2166,
2176
]
],
"text": [
"alprazolam"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T37",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
2196,
2206
]
],
"text": [
"sertraline"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T38",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
2211,
2221
]
],
"text": [
"paroxetine"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T39",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
2253,
2268
]
],
"text": [
"benzodiazepines"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T40",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
2280,
2290
]
],
"text": [
"alprazolam"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T41",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
2346,
2356
]
],
"text": [
"ergotamine"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T42",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
2358,
2370
]
],
"text": [
"cyclosporine"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T43",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
2372,
2382
]
],
"text": [
"amiodarone"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T44",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
2384,
2395
]
],
"text": [
"nicardipine"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T45",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
2401,
2411
]
],
"text": [
"nifedipine"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T46",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
2485,
2495
]
],
"text": [
"alprazolam"
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"arg1_id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T1",
"arg2_id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T3",
"id": "Alprazolam_ddi_R1",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T1",
"arg2_id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T4",
"id": "Alprazolam_ddi_R2",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T1",
"arg2_id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T5",
"id": "Alprazolam_ddi_R3",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T1",
"arg2_id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T6",
"id": "Alprazolam_ddi_R4",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T2",
"arg2_id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T3",
"id": "Alprazolam_ddi_R5",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T2",
"arg2_id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T4",
"id": "Alprazolam_ddi_R6",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T2",
"arg2_id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T5",
"id": "Alprazolam_ddi_R7",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T2",
"arg2_id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T6",
"id": "Alprazolam_ddi_R8",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T7",
"arg2_id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T9",
"id": "Alprazolam_ddi_R9",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T8",
"arg2_id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T9",
"id": "Alprazolam_ddi_R10",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T15",
"arg2_id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T16",
"id": "Alprazolam_ddi_R11",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T18",
"arg2_id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T19",
"id": "Alprazolam_ddi_R12",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T20",
"arg2_id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T21",
"id": "Alprazolam_ddi_R13",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T29",
"arg2_id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T30",
"id": "Alprazolam_ddi_R14",
"type": "INT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T29",
"arg2_id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T31",
"id": "Alprazolam_ddi_R15",
"type": "INT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T29",
"arg2_id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T32",
"id": "Alprazolam_ddi_R16",
"type": "INT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T29",
"arg2_id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T33",
"id": "Alprazolam_ddi_R17",
"type": "INT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T29",
"arg2_id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T34",
"id": "Alprazolam_ddi_R18",
"type": "INT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T36",
"arg2_id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T37",
"id": "Alprazolam_ddi_R19",
"type": "INT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T36",
"arg2_id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T38",
"id": "Alprazolam_ddi_R20",
"type": "INT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T39",
"arg2_id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T41",
"id": "Alprazolam_ddi_R21",
"type": "INT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T39",
"arg2_id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T42",
"id": "Alprazolam_ddi_R22",
"type": "INT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T39",
"arg2_id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T43",
"id": "Alprazolam_ddi_R23",
"type": "INT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T39",
"arg2_id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T44",
"id": "Alprazolam_ddi_R24",
"type": "INT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T39",
"arg2_id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T45",
"id": "Alprazolam_ddi_R25",
"type": "INT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T40",
"arg2_id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T41",
"id": "Alprazolam_ddi_R26",
"type": "INT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T40",
"arg2_id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T42",
"id": "Alprazolam_ddi_R27",
"type": "INT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T40",
"arg2_id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T43",
"id": "Alprazolam_ddi_R28",
"type": "INT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T40",
"arg2_id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T44",
"id": "Alprazolam_ddi_R29",
"type": "INT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T40",
"arg2_id": "Alprazolam_ddi_T45",
"id": "Alprazolam_ddi_R30",
"type": "INT",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Alprostadil_ddi | Alprostadil_ddi | [
{
"id": "Alprostadil_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"No drug interactions have been reported between Prostin VR Pediatric and the therapy standard in neonates with restricted pulmonary or systemic blood flow. Standard therapy includes antibiotics, such as penicillin and gentamicin; vasopressors, such as dopamine and isoproterenol; cardiac glycosides; and diuretics, such as furosemide. Caverject: The potential for pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions between alprostadil and other agents has not been formally studied."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
470
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Alprostadil_ddi_T1",
"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
48,
68
]
],
"text": [
"Prostin VR Pediatric"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alprostadil_ddi_T2",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
182,
193
]
],
"text": [
"antibiotics"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alprostadil_ddi_T3",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
203,
213
]
],
"text": [
"penicillin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alprostadil_ddi_T4",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
218,
228
]
],
"text": [
"gentamicin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alprostadil_ddi_T5",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
230,
242
]
],
"text": [
"vasopressors"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alprostadil_ddi_T6",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
252,
260
]
],
"text": [
"dopamine"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alprostadil_ddi_T7",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
265,
278
]
],
"text": [
"isoproterenol"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alprostadil_ddi_T8",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
280,
298
]
],
"text": [
"cardiac glycosides"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alprostadil_ddi_T9",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
304,
313
]
],
"text": [
"diuretics"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alprostadil_ddi_T10",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
323,
333
]
],
"text": [
"furosemide"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alprostadil_ddi_T11",
"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
335,
344
]
],
"text": [
"Caverject"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alprostadil_ddi_T12",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
411,
422
]
],
"text": [
"alprostadil"
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
Alteplase_ddi | Alteplase_ddi | [
{
"id": "Alteplase_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"The interaction of Activase with other cardioactive or cerebroactive drugs has not been studied. In addition to bleeding associated with heparin and vitamin K antagonists, drugs that alter platelet function (such as acetylsalicylic acid, dipyridamole and Abciximab) may increase the risk of bleeding if administered prior to, during, or after Activase therapy. Use of Antithrombotics Aspirin and heparin have been administered concomitantly with and following infusions of Activase in the management of acute myocardial infarction or pulmonary embolism. Because heparin, aspirin, or Activase may cause bleeding complications, careful monitoring for bleeding is advised, especially at arterial puncture sites. The concomitant use of heparin or aspirin during the first 24 hours following symptom onset were prohibited in The NINDS t-PA Stroke Trial. The safety of such concomitant use with Activase for the management of acute ischemic stroke is unknown."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
953
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Alteplase_ddi_T1",
"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
19,
27
]
],
"text": [
"Activase"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alteplase_ddi_T2",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
137,
144
]
],
"text": [
"heparin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alteplase_ddi_T3",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
149,
170
]
],
"text": [
"vitamin K antagonists"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alteplase_ddi_T4",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
216,
236
]
],
"text": [
"acetylsalicylic acid"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alteplase_ddi_T5",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
238,
250
]
],
"text": [
"dipyridamole"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alteplase_ddi_T6",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
255,
264
]
],
"text": [
"Abciximab"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alteplase_ddi_T7",
"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
343,
351
]
],
"text": [
"Activase"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alteplase_ddi_T8",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
368,
383
]
],
"text": [
"Antithrombotics"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alteplase_ddi_T9",
"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
384,
391
]
],
"text": [
"Aspirin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alteplase_ddi_T10",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
396,
403
]
],
"text": [
"heparin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alteplase_ddi_T11",
"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
473,
481
]
],
"text": [
"Activase"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alteplase_ddi_T12",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
562,
569
]
],
"text": [
"heparin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alteplase_ddi_T13",
"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
571,
578
]
],
"text": [
"aspirin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alteplase_ddi_T14",
"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
583,
591
]
],
"text": [
"Activase"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alteplase_ddi_T15",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
732,
739
]
],
"text": [
"heparin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alteplase_ddi_T16",
"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
743,
750
]
],
"text": [
"aspirin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alteplase_ddi_T17",
"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
889,
897
]
],
"text": [
"Activase"
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"arg1_id": "Alteplase_ddi_T2",
"arg2_id": "Alteplase_ddi_T7",
"id": "Alteplase_ddi_R1",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Alteplase_ddi_T3",
"arg2_id": "Alteplase_ddi_T7",
"id": "Alteplase_ddi_R2",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Alteplase_ddi_T4",
"arg2_id": "Alteplase_ddi_T7",
"id": "Alteplase_ddi_R3",
"type": "INT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Alteplase_ddi_T5",
"arg2_id": "Alteplase_ddi_T7",
"id": "Alteplase_ddi_R4",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Alteplase_ddi_T6",
"arg2_id": "Alteplase_ddi_T7",
"id": "Alteplase_ddi_R5",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Altretamine_ddi | Altretamine_ddi | [
{
"id": "Altretamine_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Concurrent administration of HEXALEN and antidepressants of the MAO inhibitor class may cause severe orthostatic hypotension.Cimetidine, an inhibitor of microsomal drug metabolism, increased altretamines half-life and toxicity in a rat model. Data from a randomized trial of HEXALEN and cisplatin plus or minus pyridoxine in ovarian cancer indicated that pyridoxine significantly reduced neurotoxicity; however, it adversely affected response duration suggesting that pyridoxine should not be administered with HEXALEN and/or cisplatin.1"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
537
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Altretamine_ddi_T1",
"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
29,
36
]
],
"text": [
"HEXALEN"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Altretamine_ddi_T2",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
41,
83
]
],
"text": [
"antidepressants of the MAO inhibitor class"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Altretamine_ddi_T3",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
125,
135
]
],
"text": [
"Cimetidine"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Altretamine_ddi_T4",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
191,
202
]
],
"text": [
"altretamine"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Altretamine_ddi_T5",
"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
275,
282
]
],
"text": [
"HEXALEN"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Altretamine_ddi_T6",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
287,
296
]
],
"text": [
"cisplatin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Altretamine_ddi_T7",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
311,
321
]
],
"text": [
"pyridoxine"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Altretamine_ddi_T8",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
355,
365
]
],
"text": [
"pyridoxine"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Altretamine_ddi_T9",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
468,
478
]
],
"text": [
"pyridoxine"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Altretamine_ddi_T10",
"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
511,
518
]
],
"text": [
"HEXALEN"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Altretamine_ddi_T11",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
526,
535
]
],
"text": [
"cisplatin"
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"arg1_id": "Altretamine_ddi_T1",
"arg2_id": "Altretamine_ddi_T2",
"id": "Altretamine_ddi_R1",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Altretamine_ddi_T3",
"arg2_id": "Altretamine_ddi_T4",
"id": "Altretamine_ddi_R2",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Altretamine_ddi_T5",
"arg2_id": "Altretamine_ddi_T6",
"id": "Altretamine_ddi_R3",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Altretamine_ddi_T9",
"arg2_id": "Altretamine_ddi_T10",
"id": "Altretamine_ddi_R4",
"type": "ADVISE",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Altretamine_ddi_T9",
"arg2_id": "Altretamine_ddi_T11",
"id": "Altretamine_ddi_R5",
"type": "ADVISE",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Amantadine_ddi | Amantadine_ddi | [
{
"id": "Amantadine_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Careful observation is required when amantadine is administered concurrently with central nervous system stimulants. Coadministration of thioridazine has been reported to worsen the tremor in elderly patients with Parkinsons disease; however, it is not known if other phenothiazines produce a similar response."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
310
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Amantadine_ddi_T1",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
37,
47
]
],
"text": [
"amantadine"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amantadine_ddi_T2",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
82,
115
]
],
"text": [
"central nervous system stimulants"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amantadine_ddi_T3",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
137,
149
]
],
"text": [
"thioridazine"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amantadine_ddi_T4",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
268,
282
]
],
"text": [
"phenothiazines"
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"arg1_id": "Amantadine_ddi_T1",
"arg2_id": "Amantadine_ddi_T2",
"id": "Amantadine_ddi_R1",
"type": "ADVISE",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Amifostine_ddi | Amifostine_ddi | [
{
"id": "Amifostine_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Special consideration should be given to the administration of ETHYOL in patients receiving antihypertensive medications or other drugs that could cause or potentiate hypotension."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
179
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Amifostine_ddi_T1",
"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
63,
69
]
],
"text": [
"ETHYOL"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amifostine_ddi_T2",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
92,
120
]
],
"text": [
"antihypertensive medications"
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"arg1_id": "Amifostine_ddi_T1",
"arg2_id": "Amifostine_ddi_T2",
"id": "Amifostine_ddi_R1",
"type": "ADVISE",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Amiloride_ddi | Amiloride_ddi | [
{
"id": "Amiloride_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"When amiloride HCl is administered concomitantly with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, the risk of hyperkalemia may be increased. Therefore, if concomitant use of these agents is indicated because of demonstrated hypokalemia, they should be used with caution and with frequent monitoring of serum potassium. Lithium generally should not be given with diuretics because they reduce its renal clearance and add a high risk of lithium toxicity. Read circulars for lithium preparations before use of such concomitant therapy. In some patients, the administration of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent can reduce the diuretic, natriuretic, and antihypertensive effects of loop, potassium-sparing and thiazide diuretics. Therefore, when MIDAMOR and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents are used concomitantly, the patient should be observed closely to determine if the desired effect of the diuretic is obtained. Since indomethacin and potassium-sparing diuretics, including MIDAMOR, may each be associated with increased serum potassium levels, the potential effects on potassium kinetics and renal function should be considered when these agents are administered concurrently."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1190
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Amiloride_ddi_T1",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
5,
14
]
],
"text": [
"amiloride"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiloride_ddi_T2",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
57,
96
]
],
"text": [
"angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiloride_ddi_T3",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
319,
326
]
],
"text": [
"Lithium"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiloride_ddi_T4",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
362,
371
]
],
"text": [
"diuretics"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiloride_ddi_T5",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
472,
479
]
],
"text": [
"lithium"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiloride_ddi_T6",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
575,
612
]
],
"text": [
"non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiloride_ddi_T7",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
683,
687
],
[
720,
729
]
],
"text": [
"loop",
"diuretics"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiloride_ddi_T8",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
689,
706
],
[
720,
729
]
],
"text": [
"potassium-sparing",
"diuretics"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiloride_ddi_T9",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
711,
729
]
],
"text": [
"thiazide diuretics"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiloride_ddi_T10",
"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
747,
754
]
],
"text": [
"MIDAMOR"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiloride_ddi_T11",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
759,
797
]
],
"text": [
"non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiloride_ddi_T12",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
903,
911
]
],
"text": [
"diuretic"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiloride_ddi_T13",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
931,
943
]
],
"text": [
"indomethacin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiloride_ddi_T14",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
948,
975
]
],
"text": [
"potassium-sparing diuretics"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiloride_ddi_T15",
"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
987,
994
]
],
"text": [
"MIDAMOR"
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"arg1_id": "Amiloride_ddi_T1",
"arg2_id": "Amiloride_ddi_T2",
"id": "Amiloride_ddi_R1",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Amiloride_ddi_T3",
"arg2_id": "Amiloride_ddi_T4",
"id": "Amiloride_ddi_R2",
"type": "ADVISE",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Amiloride_ddi_T6",
"arg2_id": "Amiloride_ddi_T7",
"id": "Amiloride_ddi_R3",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Amiloride_ddi_T6",
"arg2_id": "Amiloride_ddi_T8",
"id": "Amiloride_ddi_R4",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Amiloride_ddi_T6",
"arg2_id": "Amiloride_ddi_T9",
"id": "Amiloride_ddi_R5",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Amiloride_ddi_T10",
"arg2_id": "Amiloride_ddi_T11",
"id": "Amiloride_ddi_R6",
"type": "ADVISE",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Amiloride_ddi_T13",
"arg2_id": "Amiloride_ddi_T14",
"id": "Amiloride_ddi_R7",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Amiloride_ddi_T13",
"arg2_id": "Amiloride_ddi_T15",
"id": "Amiloride_ddi_R8",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Aminocaproic Acid_ddi | Aminocaproic Acid_ddi | [
{
"id": "Aminocaproic Acid_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Drug Laboratory Test Interactions: Prolongation of the template bleeding time has been reported during continuous intravenous infusion of AMICAR at dosages exceeding 24 g/day. Platelet function studies in these patients have not demonstrated any significant platelet dysfunction. However, in vitro studies have shown that at high concentrations (7.4 mMol/L or 0.97 mg/mL and greater) EACA inhibits ADP and collagen-induced platelet aggregation, the release of ATP and serotonin, and the binding of fibrinogen to the platelets in a concentration-response manner. Following a 10 g bolus of AMICAR, transient peak plasma concentrations of 4.6 mMol/L or 0.60 mg/mL have been obtained. The concentration of AMICAR necessary to maintain inhibition of fibrinolysis is 0.99 mMol/L or 0.13 mg/mL. Administration of a 5 g bolus followed by 1 to 1.25 g/hr should achieve and sustain plasma levels of 0.13 mg/mL. Thus, concentrations which have been obtained in vivo clinically in patients with normal renal function are considerably lower than the in vitro concentrations found to induce abnormalities in platelet function tests. However, higher plasma concentrations of AMICAR may occur in patients with severe renal failure."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1215
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Aminocaproic Acid_ddi_T1",
"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
138,
144
]
],
"text": [
"AMICAR"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aminocaproic Acid_ddi_T2",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
384,
388
]
],
"text": [
"EACA"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aminocaproic Acid_ddi_T3",
"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
588,
594
]
],
"text": [
"AMICAR"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aminocaproic Acid_ddi_T4",
"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
702,
708
]
],
"text": [
"AMICAR"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aminocaproic Acid_ddi_T5",
"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
1160,
1166
]
],
"text": [
"AMICAR"
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
Aminoglutethimide_ddi | Aminoglutethimide_ddi | [
{
"id": "Aminoglutethimide_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Cytadren accelerates the metabolism of dexamethasone; therefore, if glucocorticoid replacement is needed, hydrocortisone should be prescribed. Aminoglutethimide diminishes the effect of coumarin and warfarin."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
208
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Aminoglutethimide_ddi_T1",
"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
0,
8
]
],
"text": [
"Cytadren"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aminoglutethimide_ddi_T2",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
39,
52
]
],
"text": [
"dexamethasone"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aminoglutethimide_ddi_T3",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
68,
82
]
],
"text": [
"glucocorticoid"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aminoglutethimide_ddi_T4",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
106,
120
]
],
"text": [
"hydrocortisone"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aminoglutethimide_ddi_T5",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
143,
160
]
],
"text": [
"Aminoglutethimide"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aminoglutethimide_ddi_T6",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
186,
194
]
],
"text": [
"coumarin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aminoglutethimide_ddi_T7",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
199,
207
]
],
"text": [
"warfarin"
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"arg1_id": "Aminoglutethimide_ddi_T1",
"arg2_id": "Aminoglutethimide_ddi_T2",
"id": "Aminoglutethimide_ddi_R1",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Aminoglutethimide_ddi_T5",
"arg2_id": "Aminoglutethimide_ddi_T6",
"id": "Aminoglutethimide_ddi_R2",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Aminoglutethimide_ddi_T5",
"arg2_id": "Aminoglutethimide_ddi_T7",
"id": "Aminoglutethimide_ddi_R3",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Aminohippurate_ddi | Aminohippurate_ddi | [
{
"id": "Aminohippurate_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Renal clearance measurements of PAH cannot be made with any significant accuracy in patients receiving sulfonamides, procaine, or thiazolesulfone. These compounds interfere with chemical color development essential to the analytical procedures. Probenecid depresses tubular secretion of certain weak acids such as PAH. Therefore, patients receiving probenecid will have erroneously low ERPF and Tm PAH values."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
409
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Aminohippurate_ddi_T1",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
32,
35
]
],
"text": [
"PAH"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aminohippurate_ddi_T2",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
103,
115
]
],
"text": [
"sulfonamides"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aminohippurate_ddi_T3",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
117,
125
]
],
"text": [
"procaine"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aminohippurate_ddi_T4",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
130,
145
]
],
"text": [
"thiazolesulfone"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aminohippurate_ddi_T5",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
245,
255
]
],
"text": [
"Probenecid"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aminohippurate_ddi_T6",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
314,
317
]
],
"text": [
"PAH"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aminohippurate_ddi_T7",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
349,
359
]
],
"text": [
"probenecid"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aminohippurate_ddi_T8",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
398,
401
]
],
"text": [
"PAH"
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"arg1_id": "Aminohippurate_ddi_T1",
"arg2_id": "Aminohippurate_ddi_T2",
"id": "Aminohippurate_ddi_R1",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Aminohippurate_ddi_T1",
"arg2_id": "Aminohippurate_ddi_T3",
"id": "Aminohippurate_ddi_R2",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Aminohippurate_ddi_T1",
"arg2_id": "Aminohippurate_ddi_T4",
"id": "Aminohippurate_ddi_R3",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Aminohippurate_ddi_T5",
"arg2_id": "Aminohippurate_ddi_T6",
"id": "Aminohippurate_ddi_R4",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Aminohippurate_ddi_T7",
"arg2_id": "Aminohippurate_ddi_T8",
"id": "Aminohippurate_ddi_R5",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Aminolevulinic acid_ddi | Aminolevulinic acid_ddi | [
{
"id": "Aminolevulinic acid_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"There have been no formal studies of the interaction of LEVULAN KERASTICK for Topical Solution with any other drugs, and no drug-specific interactions were noted during any of the controlled clinical trials. It is, however, possible that concomitant use of other known photosensitizing agents such as griseofulvin, thiazide diuretics, sulfonylureas, phenothiazines, sulfonamides and tetracyclines might increase the photosensitivity reaction of actinic keratoses treated with the LEVULAN KERASTICK for Topical Solution."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
519
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Aminolevulinic acid_ddi_T1",
"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
56,
73
]
],
"text": [
"LEVULAN KERASTICK"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aminolevulinic acid_ddi_T2",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
269,
292
]
],
"text": [
"photosensitizing agents"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aminolevulinic acid_ddi_T3",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
301,
313
]
],
"text": [
"griseofulvin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aminolevulinic acid_ddi_T4",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
315,
333
]
],
"text": [
"thiazide diuretics"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aminolevulinic acid_ddi_T5",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
335,
348
]
],
"text": [
"sulfonylureas"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aminolevulinic acid_ddi_T6",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
350,
364
]
],
"text": [
"phenothiazines"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aminolevulinic acid_ddi_T7",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
366,
378
]
],
"text": [
"sulfonamides"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aminolevulinic acid_ddi_T8",
"type": "GROUP",
"offsets": [
[
383,
396
]
],
"text": [
"tetracyclines"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aminolevulinic acid_ddi_T9",
"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
480,
497
]
],
"text": [
"LEVULAN KERASTICK"
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"arg1_id": "Aminolevulinic acid_ddi_T2",
"arg2_id": "Aminolevulinic acid_ddi_T9",
"id": "Aminolevulinic acid_ddi_R1",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Aminolevulinic acid_ddi_T3",
"arg2_id": "Aminolevulinic acid_ddi_T9",
"id": "Aminolevulinic acid_ddi_R2",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Aminolevulinic acid_ddi_T4",
"arg2_id": "Aminolevulinic acid_ddi_T9",
"id": "Aminolevulinic acid_ddi_R3",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Aminolevulinic acid_ddi_T5",
"arg2_id": "Aminolevulinic acid_ddi_T9",
"id": "Aminolevulinic acid_ddi_R4",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Aminolevulinic acid_ddi_T6",
"arg2_id": "Aminolevulinic acid_ddi_T9",
"id": "Aminolevulinic acid_ddi_R5",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Aminolevulinic acid_ddi_T7",
"arg2_id": "Aminolevulinic acid_ddi_T9",
"id": "Aminolevulinic acid_ddi_R6",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Aminolevulinic acid_ddi_T8",
"arg2_id": "Aminolevulinic acid_ddi_T9",
"id": "Aminolevulinic acid_ddi_R7",
"type": "EFFECT",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Aminosalicylic Acid_ddi | Aminosalicylic Acid_ddi | [
{
"id": "Aminosalicylic Acid_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Aminosalicylic acid may decrease the amount of digoxin (Lanoxin, Lanoxicaps) that gets absorbed into your body. In the case that you are taking digoxin while taking aminosalicylic acid, higher doses of digoxin may be needed. Aminosalicylic acid may also decrease the absorption of vitamin B12, which can lead to a deficiency. Therefore you may need to take a vitamin B12 supplement while taking aminosalicylic acid."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
415
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Aminosalicylic Acid_ddi_T1",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
0,
19
]
],
"text": [
"Aminosalicylic acid"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aminosalicylic Acid_ddi_T2",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
47,
54
]
],
"text": [
"digoxin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aminosalicylic Acid_ddi_T3",
"type": "BRAND",
"offsets": [
[
56,
63
]
],
"text": [
"Lanoxin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aminosalicylic Acid_ddi_T4",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
65,
75
]
],
"text": [
"Lanoxicaps"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aminosalicylic Acid_ddi_T5",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
144,
151
]
],
"text": [
"digoxin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aminosalicylic Acid_ddi_T6",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
165,
184
]
],
"text": [
"aminosalicylic acid"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aminosalicylic Acid_ddi_T7",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
202,
209
]
],
"text": [
"digoxin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aminosalicylic Acid_ddi_T8",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
225,
244
]
],
"text": [
"Aminosalicylic acid"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aminosalicylic Acid_ddi_T9",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
281,
292
]
],
"text": [
"vitamin B12"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aminosalicylic Acid_ddi_T10",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
359,
370
]
],
"text": [
"vitamin B12"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aminosalicylic Acid_ddi_T11",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
395,
414
]
],
"text": [
"aminosalicylic acid"
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"arg1_id": "Aminosalicylic Acid_ddi_T1",
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Amiodarone_ddi | Amiodarone_ddi | [
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"text": [
"Amiodarone is metabolized to desethylamiodarone by the cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzyme group, specifically cytochromes P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) and CYP2C8. The CYP3A4 isoenzyme is present in both the liver and intestines. Amiodarone is also known to be an inhibitor of CYP3A4. Therefore, amiodarone has the potential for interactions with drugs or substances that may be substrates, inhibitors or inducers of CYP3A4. While only a limited number of in vivo drug-drug interactions with amiodarone have been reported, chiefly with the oral formulation, the potential for other interactions should be anticipated. This is especially important for drugs associated with serious toxicity, such as other antiarrhythmics. If such drugs are needed, their dose should be reassessed and, where appropriate, plasma concentration measured. In view of the long and variable half-life of amiodarone, potential for drug interactions exists not only with concomitant medication but also with drugs administered after discontinuation of amiodarone. Since amiodarone is a substrate for CYP3A4 and CYP2C8, drugs/substances that inhibit these isoenzymes may decrease the metabolism and increase serum concentration of amiodarone. Reported examples include the following: Protease Inhibitors: Protease inhibitors are known to inhibit CYP3A4 to varying degrees. A case report of one patient taking amiodarone 200 mg and indinavir 800 mg three times a day resulted in increases in amiodarone concentrations from 0.9 mg/L to 1.3 mg/L. DEA concentrations were not affected. There was no evidence of toxicity. Monitoring for amiodarone toxicity and serial measurement of amiodarone serum concentration during concomitant protease inhibitor therapy should be considered. Histamine H2 antagonists: Cimetidine inhibits CYP3A4 and can increase serum amiodarone levels. Other substances: Grapefruit juice given to healthy volunteers increased amiodarone AUC by 50% and Cmax by 84%, resulting in increased plasma levels of amiodarone. Grapefruit juice should not be taken during treatment with oral amiodarone. This information should be considered when changing from intravenous amiodarone to oral amiodarone . Amiodarone may suppress certain CYP450 enzymes, including CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4. This inhibition can result in unexpectedly high plasma levels of other drugs which are metabolized by those CYP450 enzymes. Reported examples of this interaction include the following: Immunosuppressives: Cyclosporine (CYP3A4 substrate) administered in combination with oral amiodarone has been reported to produce persistently elevated plasma concentrations of cyclosporine resulting in elevated creatinine, despite reduction in dose of cyclosporine. HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors: Simvastatin (CYP3A4 substrate) in combination with amiodarone has been associated with reports of myopathy/rhabdomyolysis. Cardiovasculars: Cardiac glycosides: In patients receiving digoxin therapy, administration of oral amiodarone regularly results in an increase in serum digoxin concentration that may reach toxic levels with resultant clinical toxicity. Amiodarone taken concomitantly with digoxin increases the serum digoxin concentration by 70% after one day. On administration of oral amiodarone, the need for digitalis therapy should be reviewed and the dose reduced by approximately 50% or discontinued. If digitalis treatment is continued, serum levels should be closely monitored and patients observed for clinical evidence of toxicity. These precautions probably should apply to digitoxin administration as well. Antiarrhythmics: Other antiarrhythmic drugs, such as quinidine, procainamide, disopyramide, and phenytoin, have been used concurrently with amiodarone. There have been case reports of increased steady-state levels of quinidine, procainamide, and phenytoin during concomitant therapy with amiodarone. Phenytoin decreases serum amiodarone levels. Amiodarone taken concomitantly with quinidine increases quinidine serum concentration by 33% after two days. Amiodarone taken concomitantly with procainamide for less than seven days increases plasma concentrations of procainamide and n-acetyl procainamide by 55% and 33%, respectively. Quinidine and procainamide doses should be reduced by one-third when either is administered with amiodarone. Plasma levels of flecainide have been reported to increase in the presence of oral amiodarone; because of this, the dosage of flecainide should be adjusted when these drugs are administered concomitantly. In general, any added antiarrhythmic drug should be initiated at a lower than usual dose with careful monitoring. Combination of amiodarone with other antiarrhythmic therapy should be reserved for patients with life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias who are incompletely responsive to a single agent or incompletely responsive to amiodarone. During transfer to oral amiodarone, the dose levels of previously administered agents should be reduced by 30 to 50% several days after the addition of oral amiodarone. The continued need for the other antiarrhythmic agent should be reviewed after the effects of amiodarone have been established, and discontinuation ordinarily should be attempted. If the treatment is continued, these patients should be particularly carefully monitored for adverse effects, especially conduction disturbances and exacerbation of tachyarrhythmias, as amiodarone is continued. In amiodarone-treated patients who require additional antiarrhythmic therapy, the initial dose of such agents should be approximately half of the usual recommended dose. Antihypertensives: Amiodarone should be used with caution in patients receiving -receptor blocking agents (e.g., propranolol, a CYP3A4 inhibitor) or calcium channel antagonists (e.g., verapamil, a CYP3A4 substrate, and diltiazem, a CYP3A4 inhibitor) because of the possible potentiation of bradycardia, sinus arrest, and AV block; if necessary, amiodarone can continue to be used after insertion of a pacemaker in patients with severe bradycardia or sinus arrest. Anticoagulants: Potentiation of warfarin-type (CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 substrate) anticoagulant response is almost always seen in patients receiving amiodarone and can result in serious or fatal bleeding. Since the concomitant administration of warfarin with amiodarone increases the prothrombin time by 100% after 3 to 4 days, the dose of the anticoagulant should be reduced by one-third to one-half, and prothrombin times should be monitored closely. Some drugs/substances are known to accelerate the metabolism of amiodarone by stimulating the synthesis of CYP3A4 (enzyme induction). This may lead to low amiodarone serum levels and potential decrease in efficacy. Reported examples of this interaction include the following: Antibiotics: Rifampin is a potent inducer of CYP3A4. Administration of rifampin concomitantly with oral amiodarone has been shown to result in decreases in serum concentrations of amiodarone and desethylamiodarone. Other substances, including herbal preparations: St. John s Wort (Hypericum perforatum) induces CYP3A4. Since amiodarone is a substrate for CYP3A4, there is the potential that the use of St. John s Wort in patients receiving amiodarone could result in reduced amiodarone levels. Other reported interactions with amiodarone: Fentanyl (CYP3A4 substrate) in combination with amiodarone may cause hypotension, bradycardia, and decreased cardiac output. Sinus bradycardia has been reported with oral amiodarone in combination with lidocaine (CYP3A4 substrate) given for local anesthesia. Seizure, associated with increased lidocaine concentrations, has been reported with concomitant administration of intravenous amiodarone. Dextromethorphan is a substrate for both CYP2D6 and CYP3A4. Amiodarone inhibits CYP2D6. Cholestyramine increases enterohepatic elimination of amiodarone and may reduce its serum levels and t1/2. Disopyramide increases QT prolongation which could cause arrhythmia. Fluoroquinolones, macrolide antibiotics, and azoles are known to cause QTc prolongation. There have been reports of QTc prolongation, with or without TdP, in patients taking amiodarone when fluoroquinolones, macrolide antibiotics, or azoles were administered concomitantly. Hemodynamic and electrophysiologic interactions have also been observed after concomitant administration with propranolol, diltiazem, and verapamil. Volatile Anesthetic Agents:. In addition to the interactions noted above, chronic ( 2 weeks) oral Cordarone administration impairs metabolism of phenytoin, dextromethorphan, and methotrexate. Electrolyte Disturbances Patients with hypokalemia or hypomagnesemia should have the condition corrected whenever possible before being treated with Cordarone I.V., as these disorders can exaggerate the degree of QTc prolongation and increase the potential for TdP. Special attention should be given to electrolyte and acid-base balance in patients experiencing severe or prolonged diarrhea or in patients receiving concomitant diuretics."
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{
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T71",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
4163,
4175
]
],
"text": [
"procainamide"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T72",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
4206,
4215
]
],
"text": [
"Quinidine"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T73",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
4303,
4313
]
],
"text": [
"amiodarone"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T74",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
4332,
4342
]
],
"text": [
"flecainide"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T75",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
4398,
4408
]
],
"text": [
"amiodarone"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T76",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
4441,
4451
]
],
"text": [
"flecainide"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T77",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
4482,
4487
]
],
"text": [
"drugs"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T78",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
4542,
4561
]
],
"text": [
"antiarrhythmic drug"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T79",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
4649,
4659
]
],
"text": [
"amiodarone"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T80",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
4671,
4685
]
],
"text": [
"antiarrhythmic"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T81",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
4852,
4862
]
],
"text": [
"amiodarone"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T82",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
4888,
4898
]
],
"text": [
"amiodarone"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T83",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
5021,
5031
]
],
"text": [
"amiodarone"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T84",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
5066,
5080
]
],
"text": [
"antiarrhythmic"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T85",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
5127,
5137
]
],
"text": [
"amiodarone"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T86",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
5399,
5409
]
],
"text": [
"amiodarone"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T87",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
5427,
5437
]
],
"text": [
"amiodarone"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T88",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
5478,
5492
]
],
"text": [
"antiarrhythmic"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T89",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
5594,
5611
]
],
"text": [
"Antihypertensives"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T90",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
5613,
5623
]
],
"text": [
"Amiodarone"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T91",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
5676,
5684
]
],
"text": [
"receptor"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T92",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
5708,
5719
]
],
"text": [
"propranolol"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T93",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
5723,
5729
]
],
"text": [
"CYP3A4"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T94",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
5744,
5759
]
],
"text": [
"calcium channel"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T95",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
5779,
5788
]
],
"text": [
"verapamil"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T96",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
5792,
5798
]
],
"text": [
"CYP3A4"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T97",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
5814,
5823
]
],
"text": [
"diltiazem"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T98",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
5827,
5833
]
],
"text": [
"CYP3A4"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T99",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
5940,
5950
]
],
"text": [
"amiodarone"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T100",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
6059,
6073
]
],
"text": [
"Anticoagulants"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T101",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
6091,
6099
]
],
"text": [
"warfarin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T102",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
6106,
6112
]
],
"text": [
"CYP2C9"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T103",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
6117,
6123
]
],
"text": [
"CYP3A4"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T104",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
6135,
6148
]
],
"text": [
"anticoagulant"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T105",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
6202,
6212
]
],
"text": [
"amiodarone"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T106",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
6298,
6306
]
],
"text": [
"warfarin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T107",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
6312,
6322
]
],
"text": [
"amiodarone"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T108",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
6397,
6410
]
],
"text": [
"anticoagulant"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T109",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
6511,
6516
]
],
"text": [
"drugs"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T110",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
6570,
6580
]
],
"text": [
"amiodarone"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T111",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
6613,
6619
]
],
"text": [
"CYP3A4"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T112",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
6661,
6671
]
],
"text": [
"amiodarone"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T113",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
6782,
6793
]
],
"text": [
"Antibiotics"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T114",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
6795,
6803
]
],
"text": [
"Rifampin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T115",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
6827,
6833
]
],
"text": [
"CYP3A4"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T116",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
6853,
6861
]
],
"text": [
"rifampin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T117",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
6886,
6896
]
],
"text": [
"amiodarone"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T118",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
6962,
6972
]
],
"text": [
"amiodarone"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T119",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
6977,
6995
]
],
"text": [
"desethylamiodarone"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T120",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
7107,
7117
]
],
"text": [
"amiodarone"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T121",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
7137,
7143
]
],
"text": [
"CYP3A4"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T122",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
7222,
7232
]
],
"text": [
"amiodarone"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T123",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
7257,
7267
]
],
"text": [
"amiodarone"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T124",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
7309,
7319
]
],
"text": [
"amiodarone"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T125",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
7321,
7329
]
],
"text": [
"Fentanyl"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T126",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
7331,
7337
]
],
"text": [
"CYP3A4"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T127",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
7369,
7379
]
],
"text": [
"amiodarone"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T128",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
7492,
7502
]
],
"text": [
"amiodarone"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T129",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
7523,
7532
]
],
"text": [
"lidocaine"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T130",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
7534,
7540
]
],
"text": [
"CYP3A4"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T131",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
7568,
7578
]
],
"text": [
"anesthesia"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T132",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
7615,
7624
]
],
"text": [
"lidocaine"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T133",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
7706,
7716
]
],
"text": [
"amiodarone"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T134",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
7718,
7734
]
],
"text": [
"Dextromethorphan"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T135",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
7759,
7765
]
],
"text": [
"CYP2D6"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T136",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
7770,
7776
]
],
"text": [
"CYP3A4"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T137",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
7778,
7788
]
],
"text": [
"Amiodarone"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T138",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
7798,
7804
]
],
"text": [
"CYP2D6"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T139",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
7806,
7820
]
],
"text": [
"Cholestyramine"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T140",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
7860,
7870
]
],
"text": [
"amiodarone"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T141",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
7907,
7909
]
],
"text": [
"t1"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T142",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
7913,
7925
]
],
"text": [
"Disopyramide"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T143",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
7982,
7998
]
],
"text": [
"Fluoroquinolones"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T144",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
8000,
8021
]
],
"text": [
"macrolide antibiotics"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T145",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
8156,
8166
]
],
"text": [
"amiodarone"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T146",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
8172,
8188
]
],
"text": [
"fluoroquinolones"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T147",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
8190,
8211
]
],
"text": [
"macrolide antibiotics"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T148",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
8366,
8377
]
],
"text": [
"propranolol"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T149",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
8379,
8388
]
],
"text": [
"diltiazem"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T150",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
8394,
8403
]
],
"text": [
"verapamil"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T151",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
8414,
8424
]
],
"text": [
"Anesthetic"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T152",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
8504,
8513
]
],
"text": [
"Cordarone"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T153",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
8551,
8560
]
],
"text": [
"phenytoin"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T154",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
8562,
8578
]
],
"text": [
"dextromethorphan"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T155",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
8584,
8596
]
],
"text": [
"methotrexate"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T156",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
8747,
8761
]
],
"text": [
"Cordarone I.V."
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T157",
"type": "DRUG",
"offsets": [
[
9026,
9035
]
],
"text": [
"diuretics"
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"arg1_id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T13",
"arg2_id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T14",
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_R1",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T17",
"arg2_id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T18",
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_R2",
"type": "ADVISE",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T19",
"arg2_id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T20",
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_R3",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"normalized": []
},
{
"arg1_id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T49",
"arg2_id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T50",
"id": "Amiodarone_ddi_R4",
"type": "ADVISE",
"normalized": []
}
] |
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Dataset Card for DDI Corpus
The DDI corpus has been manually annotated with drugs and pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics interactions. It contains 1025 documents from two different sources: DrugBank database and MedLine.
Citation Information
@article{HERREROZAZO2013914,
title = {
The DDI corpus: An annotated corpus with pharmacological substances and
drug-drug interactions
},
author = {
María Herrero-Zazo and Isabel Segura-Bedmar and Paloma Martínez and Thierry
Declerck
},
year = 2013,
journal = {Journal of Biomedical Informatics},
volume = 46,
number = 5,
pages = {914--920},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2013.07.011},
issn = {1532-0464},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1532046413001123},
keywords = {Biomedical corpora, Drug interaction, Information extraction}
}
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