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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Levorphanol_ddi | Levorphanol_ddi | [
{
"id": "Levorphanol_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Interactions with Other CNS Agents: Concurrent use of Levo-Dromoran with all central nervous system depressants (eg, alcohol, sedatives, hypnotics, other opioids, general anesthetics, barbiturates, tricyclic antidepressants, phenothiazines, tranquilizers, skeletal muscle relaxants and antihistamines) may result in additive central nervous system depressant effects. Respiratory depression, hypotension, and profound sedation or coma may occur. When such combined therapy is contemplated, the dose of one or both agents should be reduced. Although no interaction between MAO inhibitors and Levo-Dromoran has been observed, it is not recommended for use with MAO inhibitors. Most cases of serious or fatal adverse events involving Levo-Dromoran reported to the manufacturer or the FDA have involved either the administration of large initial doses or too frequent doses of the drug to nonopioid tolerant patients, or the simultaneous administration of levorphanol with other drugs affecting respiration. The initial dose of levorphanol should be reduced by approximately 50% or more when it is given to patients along with another drug affecting respiration. Interactions with Mixed Agonist/Antagonist Opioid Analgesics: Agonist/antagonist analgesics (eg, pentazocine, nalbuphine, butorphanol, dezocine and buprenorphine) should NOT be administered to a patient who has received or is receiving a course of therapy with a pure agonist opioid analgesic such as Levo-Dromoran. In opioid-dependent patients, mixed agonist/antagonist analgesics may precipitate withdrawal symptoms."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1577
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Levorphanol_ddi_T1",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"Levo-Dromoran"
],
"offsets": [
[
54,
67
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levorphanol_ddi_T2",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"central nervous system depressants"
],
"offsets": [
[
77,
111
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levorphanol_ddi_T3",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"alcohol"
],
"offsets": [
[
117,
124
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levorphanol_ddi_T4",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"sedatives"
],
"offsets": [
[
126,
135
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levorphanol_ddi_T5",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"hypnotics"
],
"offsets": [
[
137,
146
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levorphanol_ddi_T6",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"opioids"
],
"offsets": [
[
154,
161
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levorphanol_ddi_T7",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"anesthetics"
],
"offsets": [
[
171,
182
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levorphanol_ddi_T8",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"barbiturates"
],
"offsets": [
[
184,
196
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levorphanol_ddi_T9",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"tricyclic antidepressants"
],
"offsets": [
[
198,
223
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levorphanol_ddi_T10",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"phenothiazines"
],
"offsets": [
[
225,
239
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levorphanol_ddi_T11",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"tranquilizers"
],
"offsets": [
[
241,
254
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levorphanol_ddi_T12",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"skeletal muscle relaxants"
],
"offsets": [
[
256,
281
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levorphanol_ddi_T13",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"antihistamines"
],
"offsets": [
[
286,
300
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levorphanol_ddi_T14",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"MAO inhibitors"
],
"offsets": [
[
572,
586
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levorphanol_ddi_T15",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"Levo-Dromoran"
],
"offsets": [
[
591,
604
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levorphanol_ddi_T16",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"MAO inhibitors"
],
"offsets": [
[
659,
673
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levorphanol_ddi_T17",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"Levo-Dromoran"
],
"offsets": [
[
731,
744
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levorphanol_ddi_T18",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"levorphanol"
],
"offsets": [
[
952,
963
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levorphanol_ddi_T19",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"levorphanol"
],
"offsets": [
[
1024,
1035
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levorphanol_ddi_T20",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Mixed Agonist/Antagonist Opioid Analgesics"
],
"offsets": [
[
1177,
1219
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levorphanol_ddi_T21",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Agonist/antagonist analgesics"
],
"offsets": [
[
1221,
1250
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levorphanol_ddi_T22",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"pentazocine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1256,
1267
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levorphanol_ddi_T23",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"nalbuphine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1269,
1279
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levorphanol_ddi_T24",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"butorphanol"
],
"offsets": [
[
1281,
1292
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levorphanol_ddi_T25",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"dezocine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1294,
1302
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levorphanol_ddi_T26",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"buprenorphine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1307,
1320
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levorphanol_ddi_T27",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"pure agonist opioid analgesic"
],
"offsets": [
[
1422,
1451
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levorphanol_ddi_T28",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"Levo-Dromoran"
],
"offsets": [
[
1460,
1473
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levorphanol_ddi_T29",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"opioid"
],
"offsets": [
[
1478,
1484
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levorphanol_ddi_T30",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"mixed agonist/antagonist analgesics"
],
"offsets": [
[
1505,
1540
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"id": "Levorphanol_ddi_R1",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Levorphanol_ddi_T1",
"arg2_id": "Levorphanol_ddi_T2",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levorphanol_ddi_R2",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Levorphanol_ddi_T1",
"arg2_id": "Levorphanol_ddi_T3",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levorphanol_ddi_R3",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Levorphanol_ddi_T1",
"arg2_id": "Levorphanol_ddi_T4",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levorphanol_ddi_R4",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Levorphanol_ddi_T1",
"arg2_id": "Levorphanol_ddi_T5",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levorphanol_ddi_R5",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Levorphanol_ddi_T1",
"arg2_id": "Levorphanol_ddi_T6",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levorphanol_ddi_R6",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Levorphanol_ddi_T1",
"arg2_id": "Levorphanol_ddi_T7",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levorphanol_ddi_R7",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Levorphanol_ddi_T1",
"arg2_id": "Levorphanol_ddi_T8",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levorphanol_ddi_R8",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Levorphanol_ddi_T1",
"arg2_id": "Levorphanol_ddi_T9",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levorphanol_ddi_R9",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Levorphanol_ddi_T1",
"arg2_id": "Levorphanol_ddi_T10",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levorphanol_ddi_R10",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Levorphanol_ddi_T1",
"arg2_id": "Levorphanol_ddi_T11",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levorphanol_ddi_R11",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Levorphanol_ddi_T1",
"arg2_id": "Levorphanol_ddi_T12",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levorphanol_ddi_R12",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Levorphanol_ddi_T1",
"arg2_id": "Levorphanol_ddi_T13",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levorphanol_ddi_R13",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Levorphanol_ddi_T15",
"arg2_id": "Levorphanol_ddi_T16",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levorphanol_ddi_R14",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Levorphanol_ddi_T21",
"arg2_id": "Levorphanol_ddi_T28",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levorphanol_ddi_R15",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Levorphanol_ddi_T22",
"arg2_id": "Levorphanol_ddi_T28",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levorphanol_ddi_R16",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Levorphanol_ddi_T23",
"arg2_id": "Levorphanol_ddi_T28",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levorphanol_ddi_R17",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Levorphanol_ddi_T24",
"arg2_id": "Levorphanol_ddi_T28",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levorphanol_ddi_R18",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Levorphanol_ddi_T25",
"arg2_id": "Levorphanol_ddi_T28",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levorphanol_ddi_R19",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Levorphanol_ddi_T26",
"arg2_id": "Levorphanol_ddi_T28",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levorphanol_ddi_R20",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Levorphanol_ddi_T27",
"arg2_id": "Levorphanol_ddi_T28",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Agalsidase beta_ddi | Agalsidase beta_ddi | [
{
"id": "Agalsidase beta_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"No drug interaction studies were performed. No in vitro metabolism studies were performed."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
90
]
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] | [] |
Disopyramide_ddi | Disopyramide_ddi | [
{
"id": "Disopyramide_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"If phenytoin or other hepatic enzyme inducers are taken concurrently with Norpace or Norpace CR, lower plasma levels of disopyramide may occur. Monitoring of disopyramide plasma levels is recommended in such concurrent use to avoid ineffective therapy. Other antiarrhythmic drugs (eg, quinidine, procainamide, lidocaine, propranolol) have occasionally been used concurrently with Norpace. Excessive widening of the QRS complex and/or prolongation of the Q-T interval may occur in these situations. In healthy subjects, no significant drug-drug interaction was observed when Norpace was coadministered with either propranolol or diazepam. Concomitant administration of Norpace and quinidine resulted in slight increases in plasma disopyramide levels and slight decreases in plasma quinidine levels. Norpace does not increase serum digoxin levels. Patients taking disopyramide phosphate and erythromycin concomitantly may develop increased serum concentrations of disopyramide resulting in excessive widening of the QRS complex and/or prolongation of the Q-T interval. Patients taking disopyramide phosphate and hepatic enzyme inhibitors concomitantly should be closely monitored. Until data on possible interactions between verapamil and disopyramide phosphate are obtained, disopyramide should not be administered within 48 hours before or 24 hours after verapamil administration."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1380
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Disopyramide_ddi_T1",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"phenytoin"
],
"offsets": [
[
3,
12
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Disopyramide_ddi_T2",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"Norpace"
],
"offsets": [
[
74,
81
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Disopyramide_ddi_T3",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"Norpace CR"
],
"offsets": [
[
85,
95
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Disopyramide_ddi_T4",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"disopyramide"
],
"offsets": [
[
120,
132
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Disopyramide_ddi_T5",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"disopyramide"
],
"offsets": [
[
158,
170
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Disopyramide_ddi_T6",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"antiarrhythmic drugs"
],
"offsets": [
[
259,
279
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Disopyramide_ddi_T7",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"quinidine"
],
"offsets": [
[
285,
294
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Disopyramide_ddi_T8",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"procainamide"
],
"offsets": [
[
296,
308
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Disopyramide_ddi_T9",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"lidocaine"
],
"offsets": [
[
310,
319
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Disopyramide_ddi_T10",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"propranolol"
],
"offsets": [
[
321,
332
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Disopyramide_ddi_T11",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"Norpace"
],
"offsets": [
[
380,
387
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Disopyramide_ddi_T12",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"Norpace"
],
"offsets": [
[
574,
581
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Disopyramide_ddi_T13",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"propranolol"
],
"offsets": [
[
613,
624
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Disopyramide_ddi_T14",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"diazepam"
],
"offsets": [
[
628,
636
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Disopyramide_ddi_T15",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"Norpace"
],
"offsets": [
[
668,
675
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Disopyramide_ddi_T16",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"quinidine"
],
"offsets": [
[
680,
689
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Disopyramide_ddi_T17",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"disopyramide"
],
"offsets": [
[
729,
741
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Disopyramide_ddi_T18",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"quinidine"
],
"offsets": [
[
780,
789
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Disopyramide_ddi_T19",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"Norpace"
],
"offsets": [
[
798,
805
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Disopyramide_ddi_T20",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"digoxin"
],
"offsets": [
[
830,
837
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Disopyramide_ddi_T21",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"disopyramide phosphate"
],
"offsets": [
[
862,
884
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Disopyramide_ddi_T22",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"erythromycin"
],
"offsets": [
[
889,
901
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Disopyramide_ddi_T23",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"disopyramide"
],
"offsets": [
[
962,
974
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Disopyramide_ddi_T24",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"disopyramide phosphate"
],
"offsets": [
[
1083,
1105
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Disopyramide_ddi_T25",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"verapamil"
],
"offsets": [
[
1223,
1232
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Disopyramide_ddi_T26",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"disopyramide phosphate"
],
"offsets": [
[
1237,
1259
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Disopyramide_ddi_T27",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"disopyramide"
],
"offsets": [
[
1274,
1286
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Disopyramide_ddi_T28",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"verapamil"
],
"offsets": [
[
1355,
1364
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"id": "Disopyramide_ddi_R1",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Disopyramide_ddi_T1",
"arg2_id": "Disopyramide_ddi_T2",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Disopyramide_ddi_R2",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Disopyramide_ddi_T1",
"arg2_id": "Disopyramide_ddi_T3",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Disopyramide_ddi_R3",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Disopyramide_ddi_T15",
"arg2_id": "Disopyramide_ddi_T16",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Disopyramide_ddi_R4",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Disopyramide_ddi_T21",
"arg2_id": "Disopyramide_ddi_T22",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Disopyramide_ddi_R5",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Disopyramide_ddi_T27",
"arg2_id": "Disopyramide_ddi_T28",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Betaxolol_ddi | Betaxolol_ddi | [
{
"id": "Betaxolol_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"The following drugs have been coadministered with Kerlone and have not altered its pharmacokinetics: cimetidine, nifedipine, chlorthalidone, and hydrochlorothiazide. Concomitant administration of Kerlone with the oral anticoagulant warfarin has been shown not to potentiate the anticoagulant effect of warfarin. Catecholamine-depleting drugs (e.g., reserpine) may have an additive effect when given with beta-blocking agents. Patients treated with a beta-adrenergic receptor blocking agent plus a catecholamine depletor should therefore be closely observed for evidence of hypotension or marked bradycardia, which may produce vertigo, syncope, or postural hypotension. Should it be decided to discontinue therapy in patients receiving beta-blockers and clonidine concurrently, the beta-blocker should be discontinued slowly over several days before the gradual withdrawal of clonidine. Literature reports suggest that oral calcium antagonists may be used in combination with beta-adrenergic blocking agents when heart function is normal, but should be avoided in patients with impaired cardiac function. Hypotension, AV conduction disturbances, and left ventricular failure have been reported in some patients receiving beta-adrenergic blocking agents when an oral calcium antagonist was added to the treatment regimen. Hypotension was more likely to occur if the calcium antagonist were a dihydropyridine derivative, e.g., nifedipine, while left ventricular failure and AV conduction disturbances, including complete heart block, were more likely to occur with either verapamil or diltiazem. Risk of Anaphylactic Reaction: Although it is known that patients on beta-blockers may be refractory to epinephrine in the treatment of anaphylactic shock, beta-blockers can, in addition, interfere with the modulation of allergic reaction and lead to an increased severity and/or frequency of attacks. Severe allergic reactions including anaphylaxis have been reported in patients exposed to a variety of allergens either by repeated challenge, or accidental contact, and with diagnostic or therapeutic agents while receiving beta-blockers. Such patients may be unresponsive to the usual doses of epinephrine used to treat allergic reaction."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2234
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Betaxolol_ddi_T1",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"Kerlone"
],
"offsets": [
[
50,
57
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Betaxolol_ddi_T2",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"cimetidine"
],
"offsets": [
[
101,
111
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Betaxolol_ddi_T3",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"nifedipine"
],
"offsets": [
[
113,
123
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Betaxolol_ddi_T4",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"chlorthalidone"
],
"offsets": [
[
125,
139
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Betaxolol_ddi_T5",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"hydrochlorothiazide"
],
"offsets": [
[
145,
164
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Betaxolol_ddi_T6",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"Kerlone"
],
"offsets": [
[
196,
203
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Betaxolol_ddi_T7",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"anticoagulant"
],
"offsets": [
[
218,
231
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Betaxolol_ddi_T8",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"warfarin"
],
"offsets": [
[
232,
240
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Betaxolol_ddi_T9",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"warfarin"
],
"offsets": [
[
302,
310
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Betaxolol_ddi_T10",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"reserpine"
],
"offsets": [
[
349,
358
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Betaxolol_ddi_T11",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"beta-blocking"
],
"offsets": [
[
404,
417
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Betaxolol_ddi_T12",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"beta-adrenergic receptor blocking agent"
],
"offsets": [
[
450,
489
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Betaxolol_ddi_T13",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"beta-blockers"
],
"offsets": [
[
735,
748
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Betaxolol_ddi_T14",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"clonidine"
],
"offsets": [
[
753,
762
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Betaxolol_ddi_T15",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"beta-blocker"
],
"offsets": [
[
781,
793
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Betaxolol_ddi_T16",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"clonidine"
],
"offsets": [
[
875,
884
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Betaxolol_ddi_T17",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"calcium antagonists"
],
"offsets": [
[
923,
942
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Betaxolol_ddi_T18",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"beta-adrenergic blocking agents"
],
"offsets": [
[
975,
1006
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Betaxolol_ddi_T19",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"beta-adrenergic blocking agents"
],
"offsets": [
[
1220,
1251
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Betaxolol_ddi_T20",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"calcium antagonist"
],
"offsets": [
[
1265,
1283
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Betaxolol_ddi_T21",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"calcium antagonist"
],
"offsets": [
[
1364,
1382
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Betaxolol_ddi_T22",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"dihydropyridine derivative"
],
"offsets": [
[
1390,
1416
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Betaxolol_ddi_T23",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"nifedipine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1424,
1434
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Betaxolol_ddi_T24",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"verapamil"
],
"offsets": [
[
1569,
1578
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Betaxolol_ddi_T25",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"diltiazem"
],
"offsets": [
[
1582,
1591
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Betaxolol_ddi_T26",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"beta-blockers"
],
"offsets": [
[
1662,
1675
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Betaxolol_ddi_T27",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"epinephrine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1697,
1708
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Betaxolol_ddi_T28",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"beta-blockers"
],
"offsets": [
[
1749,
1762
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Betaxolol_ddi_T29",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"beta-blockers"
],
"offsets": [
[
2119,
2132
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Betaxolol_ddi_T30",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"epinephrine"
],
"offsets": [
[
2190,
2201
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"id": "Betaxolol_ddi_R1",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Betaxolol_ddi_T10",
"arg2_id": "Betaxolol_ddi_T11",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Betaxolol_ddi_R2",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Betaxolol_ddi_T13",
"arg2_id": "Betaxolol_ddi_T14",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Betaxolol_ddi_R3",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Betaxolol_ddi_T15",
"arg2_id": "Betaxolol_ddi_T16",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Betaxolol_ddi_R4",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Betaxolol_ddi_T17",
"arg2_id": "Betaxolol_ddi_T18",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Betaxolol_ddi_R5",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Betaxolol_ddi_T19",
"arg2_id": "Betaxolol_ddi_T20",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Betaxolol_ddi_R6",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Betaxolol_ddi_T26",
"arg2_id": "Betaxolol_ddi_T27",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Cefixime_ddi | Cefixime_ddi | [
{
"id": "Cefixime_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Carbamazepine: Elevated carbamazepine levels have been reported in postmarketing experience when SUPRAX is administered concomitantly. Drug monitoring may be of assistance in detecting alterations in carbamazepine plasma concentrations. Warfarin and Anticoagulants: Increased prothrombin time, with or without clinical bleeding, has been reported when cefixime is administered concomitantly. Drug/Laboratory Test Interactions A false-positive reaction for ketones in the urine may occur with tests using nitroprusside but not with those using nitroferricyanide. The administration of SUPRAX may result in a false-positive reaction for glucose in the urine using Clinitest **, Benedict s solution, or Fehling s solution. It is recommended that glucose tests based on enzymatic glucose oxidase reactions (such as Clinistix ** or Tes-Tape **) be used. A false-positive direct Coombs test has been reported during treatment with other cephalosporin antibiotics; therefore, it should be recognized that a positive Coombs test may be due to the drug."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1044
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Cefixime_ddi_T1",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Carbamazepine"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
13
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cefixime_ddi_T2",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"carbamazepine"
],
"offsets": [
[
24,
37
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cefixime_ddi_T3",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"SUPRAX"
],
"offsets": [
[
97,
103
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cefixime_ddi_T4",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"carbamazepine"
],
"offsets": [
[
200,
213
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cefixime_ddi_T5",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Warfarin"
],
"offsets": [
[
237,
245
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cefixime_ddi_T6",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Anticoagulants"
],
"offsets": [
[
250,
264
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cefixime_ddi_T7",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"cefixime"
],
"offsets": [
[
352,
360
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cefixime_ddi_T8",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"nitroprusside"
],
"offsets": [
[
504,
517
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cefixime_ddi_T9",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"nitroferricyanide"
],
"offsets": [
[
543,
560
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cefixime_ddi_T10",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"SUPRAX"
],
"offsets": [
[
584,
590
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cefixime_ddi_T11",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"cephalosporin antibiotics"
],
"offsets": [
[
931,
956
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"id": "Cefixime_ddi_R1",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Cefixime_ddi_T2",
"arg2_id": "Cefixime_ddi_T3",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cefixime_ddi_R2",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Cefixime_ddi_T5",
"arg2_id": "Cefixime_ddi_T7",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cefixime_ddi_R3",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Cefixime_ddi_T6",
"arg2_id": "Cefixime_ddi_T7",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Benzphetamine_ddi | Benzphetamine_ddi | [
{
"id": "Benzphetamine_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Hypertensive crises have resulted when sympathomimetic amines have been used concomitantly within14 days following use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors. DIDREX should not be used concomitantly with other CNS stimulants. Amphetamines may decrease the hypotensive effect of antihypertensives. Amphetamines may enhance the effects of tricyclic antidepressants. Urinary alkalinizing agents increase blood levels and decrease excretion of amphetamines. Urinary acidifying agents decrease blood levels and increase excretion of amphetamines."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
534
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Benzphetamine_ddi_T1",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"sympathomimetic amines"
],
"offsets": [
[
39,
61
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Benzphetamine_ddi_T2",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"monoamine oxidase inhibitors"
],
"offsets": [
[
122,
150
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Benzphetamine_ddi_T3",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"DIDREX"
],
"offsets": [
[
152,
158
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Benzphetamine_ddi_T4",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"CNS stimulants"
],
"offsets": [
[
203,
217
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Benzphetamine_ddi_T5",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Amphetamines"
],
"offsets": [
[
219,
231
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Benzphetamine_ddi_T6",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"antihypertensives"
],
"offsets": [
[
271,
288
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Benzphetamine_ddi_T7",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Amphetamines"
],
"offsets": [
[
290,
302
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Benzphetamine_ddi_T8",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"tricyclic antidepressants"
],
"offsets": [
[
330,
355
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Benzphetamine_ddi_T9",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"amphetamines"
],
"offsets": [
[
433,
445
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Benzphetamine_ddi_T10",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Urinary acidifying"
],
"offsets": [
[
447,
465
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Benzphetamine_ddi_T11",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"amphetamines"
],
"offsets": [
[
521,
533
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"id": "Benzphetamine_ddi_R1",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Benzphetamine_ddi_T1",
"arg2_id": "Benzphetamine_ddi_T2",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Benzphetamine_ddi_R2",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Benzphetamine_ddi_T3",
"arg2_id": "Benzphetamine_ddi_T4",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Benzphetamine_ddi_R3",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Benzphetamine_ddi_T5",
"arg2_id": "Benzphetamine_ddi_T6",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Benzphetamine_ddi_R4",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Benzphetamine_ddi_T7",
"arg2_id": "Benzphetamine_ddi_T8",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Benzphetamine_ddi_R5",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Benzphetamine_ddi_T10",
"arg2_id": "Benzphetamine_ddi_T11",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Dapsone_ddi | Dapsone_ddi | [
{
"id": "Dapsone_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"A drug-drug interaction study evaluated the effect of the use of ACZONE Gel, 5%, in combination with double strength (160 mg/800 mg) trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX). During co-administration, systemic levels of TMP and SMX were essentially unchanged. Notably, systemic exposure (AUC0-12) of dapsone hydroxylamine (DHA) was more than doubled in the presence of TMP/SMX. Exposure from the proposed topical dose is about 1% of that from the 100 mg oral dose, even when co-administered with TMP/SMX. Certain concomitant medications (such as rifampin, anticonvulsants, St. John s wort) may increase the formation of dapsone hydroxylamine, a metabolite of dapsone associated with hemolysis. With oral dapsone treatment, folic acid antagonists such as pyrimethamine have been noted to possibly increase the likelihood of hematologic reactions ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
845
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Dapsone_ddi_T1",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"ACZONE"
],
"offsets": [
[
65,
71
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dapsone_ddi_T2",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"trimethoprim"
],
"offsets": [
[
133,
145
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dapsone_ddi_T3",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"sulfamethoxazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
146,
162
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dapsone_ddi_T4",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"TMP"
],
"offsets": [
[
164,
167
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dapsone_ddi_T5",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"SMX"
],
"offsets": [
[
168,
171
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dapsone_ddi_T6",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"TMP"
],
"offsets": [
[
219,
222
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dapsone_ddi_T7",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"SMX"
],
"offsets": [
[
227,
230
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dapsone_ddi_T8",
"type": "DRUG_N",
"text": [
"dapsone hydroxylamine"
],
"offsets": [
[
299,
320
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dapsone_ddi_T9",
"type": "DRUG_N",
"text": [
"DHA"
],
"offsets": [
[
322,
325
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dapsone_ddi_T10",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"TMP"
],
"offsets": [
[
368,
371
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dapsone_ddi_T11",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"SMX"
],
"offsets": [
[
372,
375
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dapsone_ddi_T12",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"TMP"
],
"offsets": [
[
495,
498
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dapsone_ddi_T13",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"SMX"
],
"offsets": [
[
499,
502
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dapsone_ddi_T14",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"rifampin"
],
"offsets": [
[
545,
553
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dapsone_ddi_T15",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"anticonvulsants"
],
"offsets": [
[
555,
570
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dapsone_ddi_T16",
"type": "DRUG_N",
"text": [
"dapsone hydroxylamine"
],
"offsets": [
[
619,
640
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dapsone_ddi_T17",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"dapsone"
],
"offsets": [
[
658,
665
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dapsone_ddi_T18",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"dapsone"
],
"offsets": [
[
703,
710
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dapsone_ddi_T19",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"folic acid antagonists"
],
"offsets": [
[
722,
744
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dapsone_ddi_T20",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"pyrimethamine"
],
"offsets": [
[
753,
766
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"id": "Dapsone_ddi_R1",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Dapsone_ddi_T18",
"arg2_id": "Dapsone_ddi_T19",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dapsone_ddi_R2",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Dapsone_ddi_T18",
"arg2_id": "Dapsone_ddi_T20",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Azelaic Acid_ddi | Azelaic Acid_ddi | [
{
"id": "Azelaic Acid_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"No information provided"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
23
]
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] | [] |
Gemfibrozil_ddi | Gemfibrozil_ddi | [
{
"id": "Gemfibrozil_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
") Clinical Laboratory increased creatine positive antinuclear phosphokinase antibody increased bilirubin increased liver transaminases (AST (SGOT), ALT (SGPT) increased alkaline phophatase Hematopoietic anemia thrombocytopenia leukopenia bone marrow hypoplasia eosinophilia Immunologic angioedema anaphylaxis laryngeal edema Lupus-like syndrome urticaria vasculitis Integumentary exfoliative dermatitis alopecia rash dermatitis pruritus"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
436
]
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] | [] |
Ethotoin_ddi | Ethotoin_ddi | [
{
"id": "Ethotoin_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"PEGANONE used in combination with other drugs known to adversely affect the hematopoietic system should be avoided if possible. Considerable caution should be exercised if PEGANONE is administered concurrently with Phenurone (phenacemide) since paranoid symptoms have been reported during therapy with this combination. A two-way interaction between the hydantoin antiepileptic, phenytoin, and the coumarin anticoagulants has been suggested. Presumably, phenytoin acts as a stimulator of coumarin metabolism and has been reported to cause decreased serum levels of the coumarin anticoagulants and increased prothrombin-proconvertin concentrations. Conversely, the coumarin anticoagulants have been reported to increase the serum levels and prolong the serum half-life of phenytoin by inhibiting its metabolism. Although there is no documentation of such, a similar interaction between ethotoin and the coumarin anticoagulants may occur. Caution is therefore advised when administering PEGANONE to patients receiving coumarin anticoagulants."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1040
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Ethotoin_ddi_T1",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"PEGANONE"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
8
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ethotoin_ddi_T2",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"PEGANONE"
],
"offsets": [
[
172,
180
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ethotoin_ddi_T3",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"Phenurone"
],
"offsets": [
[
215,
224
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ethotoin_ddi_T4",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"phenacemide"
],
"offsets": [
[
226,
237
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ethotoin_ddi_T5",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"hydantoin antiepileptic"
],
"offsets": [
[
354,
377
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ethotoin_ddi_T6",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"phenytoin"
],
"offsets": [
[
379,
388
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ethotoin_ddi_T7",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"coumarin anticoagulant"
],
"offsets": [
[
398,
420
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ethotoin_ddi_T8",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"phenytoin"
],
"offsets": [
[
454,
463
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ethotoin_ddi_T9",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"coumarin"
],
"offsets": [
[
488,
496
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ethotoin_ddi_T10",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"coumarin anticoagulants"
],
"offsets": [
[
569,
592
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ethotoin_ddi_T11",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"coumarin anticoagulants"
],
"offsets": [
[
664,
687
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ethotoin_ddi_T12",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"phenytoin"
],
"offsets": [
[
771,
780
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ethotoin_ddi_T13",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"ethotoin"
],
"offsets": [
[
885,
893
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ethotoin_ddi_T14",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"coumarin anticoagulants"
],
"offsets": [
[
902,
925
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ethotoin_ddi_T15",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"PEGANONE"
],
"offsets": [
[
985,
993
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ethotoin_ddi_T16",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"coumarin anticoagulants"
],
"offsets": [
[
1016,
1039
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"id": "Ethotoin_ddi_R1",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Ethotoin_ddi_T2",
"arg2_id": "Ethotoin_ddi_T3",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ethotoin_ddi_R2",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Ethotoin_ddi_T2",
"arg2_id": "Ethotoin_ddi_T4",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ethotoin_ddi_R3",
"type": "INT",
"arg1_id": "Ethotoin_ddi_T5",
"arg2_id": "Ethotoin_ddi_T6",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ethotoin_ddi_R4",
"type": "INT",
"arg1_id": "Ethotoin_ddi_T5",
"arg2_id": "Ethotoin_ddi_T7",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ethotoin_ddi_R5",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Ethotoin_ddi_T8",
"arg2_id": "Ethotoin_ddi_T9",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ethotoin_ddi_R6",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Ethotoin_ddi_T8",
"arg2_id": "Ethotoin_ddi_T10",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ethotoin_ddi_R7",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Ethotoin_ddi_T11",
"arg2_id": "Ethotoin_ddi_T12",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ethotoin_ddi_R8",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Ethotoin_ddi_T15",
"arg2_id": "Ethotoin_ddi_T16",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Lansoprazole_ddi | Lansoprazole_ddi | [
{
"id": "Lansoprazole_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Lansoprazole is metabolized through the cytochrome P450 system, specifically through the CYP3A and CYP2C19 isozymes. Studies have shown that lansoprazole does not have clinically significant interactions with other drugs metabolized by the cytochrome P450 system, such as warfarin, antipyrine, indomethacin, ibuprofen, phenytoin, propranolol, prednisone, diazepam, clarithromycin, or terfenadine in healthy subjects. These compounds are metabolized through various cytochrome P450 isozymes including CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A. When lansoprazole was administered concomitantly with theophylline (CYP1A2, CYP3A), a minor increase (10%) in the clearance of theophylline was seen. Because the small magnitude and the direction of the effect on theophylline clearance, this interaction is unlikely to be clinical concern. Nonetheless, individual patients may require additional titration of their theophylline dosage when lansoprazole is started or stopped to ensure clinically effective blood levels. Lansoprazole has also been shown to have no clinically significant interaction with amoxicillin. In a single-dose crossover study examining lansoprazole 30 mg and omeprazole 20 mg each administered alone and concomitantly with sucralfate 1 gram, absorption of the proton pump inhibitors was delayed and their bioavailability was reduced by 17% and 16%, respectively, when administered concomitantly with sucralfate. Therefore, proton pump inhibitors should be taken at least 30 minutes prior to sucralfate. In clinical trials, antacids were administered concomitantly with lansoprazole delayed-release capsules; this did not interfere with its effect. Lansoprazole causes a profound and long lasting inhibition of gastric acid secretion; therefore, it is theoretically possible that lansoprazole may interfere with the absorption of drugs where gastric pH is an important determinant of bioavailability (e.g. ketoconazole, ampicillin esters, iron salts, digoxin)."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1977
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Lansoprazole_ddi_T1",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Lansoprazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
12
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Lansoprazole_ddi_T2",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"lansoprazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
141,
153
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Lansoprazole_ddi_T3",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"warfarin"
],
"offsets": [
[
272,
280
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Lansoprazole_ddi_T4",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"antipyrine"
],
"offsets": [
[
282,
292
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Lansoprazole_ddi_T5",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"indomethacin"
],
"offsets": [
[
294,
306
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Lansoprazole_ddi_T6",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"ibuprofen"
],
"offsets": [
[
308,
317
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Lansoprazole_ddi_T7",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"phenytoin"
],
"offsets": [
[
319,
328
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Lansoprazole_ddi_T8",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"propranolol"
],
"offsets": [
[
330,
341
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Lansoprazole_ddi_T9",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"prednisone"
],
"offsets": [
[
343,
353
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Lansoprazole_ddi_T10",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"diazepam"
],
"offsets": [
[
355,
363
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Lansoprazole_ddi_T11",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"clarithromycin"
],
"offsets": [
[
365,
379
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Lansoprazole_ddi_T12",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"terfenadine"
],
"offsets": [
[
384,
395
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Lansoprazole_ddi_T13",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"lansoprazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
549,
561
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Lansoprazole_ddi_T14",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"theophylline"
],
"offsets": [
[
598,
610
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Lansoprazole_ddi_T15",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"theophylline"
],
"offsets": [
[
671,
683
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Lansoprazole_ddi_T16",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"theophylline"
],
"offsets": [
[
757,
769
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Lansoprazole_ddi_T17",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"theophylline"
],
"offsets": [
[
909,
921
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Lansoprazole_ddi_T18",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"lansoprazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
934,
946
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Lansoprazole_ddi_T19",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Lansoprazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
1014,
1026
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Lansoprazole_ddi_T20",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"amoxicillin"
],
"offsets": [
[
1098,
1109
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Lansoprazole_ddi_T21",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"lansoprazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
1154,
1166
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Lansoprazole_ddi_T22",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"omeprazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
1177,
1187
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Lansoprazole_ddi_T23",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"sucralfate"
],
"offsets": [
[
1241,
1251
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Lansoprazole_ddi_T24",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"proton pump inhibitors"
],
"offsets": [
[
1278,
1300
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Lansoprazole_ddi_T25",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"sucralfate"
],
"offsets": [
[
1418,
1428
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Lansoprazole_ddi_T26",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"proton pump inhibitors"
],
"offsets": [
[
1441,
1463
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Lansoprazole_ddi_T27",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"sucralfate"
],
"offsets": [
[
1509,
1519
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Lansoprazole_ddi_T28",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"antacids"
],
"offsets": [
[
1541,
1549
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Lansoprazole_ddi_T29",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"lansoprazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
1587,
1599
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Lansoprazole_ddi_T30",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Lansoprazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
1666,
1678
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Lansoprazole_ddi_T31",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"lansoprazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
1797,
1809
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Lansoprazole_ddi_T32",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"ketoconazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
1923,
1935
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Lansoprazole_ddi_T33",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"ampicillin"
],
"offsets": [
[
1937,
1947
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Lansoprazole_ddi_T34",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"iron"
],
"offsets": [
[
1956,
1960
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Lansoprazole_ddi_T35",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"digoxin"
],
"offsets": [
[
1968,
1975
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"id": "Lansoprazole_ddi_R1",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Lansoprazole_ddi_T13",
"arg2_id": "Lansoprazole_ddi_T14",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Lansoprazole_ddi_R2",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Lansoprazole_ddi_T17",
"arg2_id": "Lansoprazole_ddi_T18",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Lansoprazole_ddi_R3",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Lansoprazole_ddi_T24",
"arg2_id": "Lansoprazole_ddi_T25",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Lansoprazole_ddi_R4",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Lansoprazole_ddi_T26",
"arg2_id": "Lansoprazole_ddi_T27",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Lansoprazole_ddi_R5",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Lansoprazole_ddi_T31",
"arg2_id": "Lansoprazole_ddi_T32",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Lansoprazole_ddi_R6",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Lansoprazole_ddi_T31",
"arg2_id": "Lansoprazole_ddi_T33",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Lansoprazole_ddi_R7",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Lansoprazole_ddi_T31",
"arg2_id": "Lansoprazole_ddi_T34",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Lansoprazole_ddi_R8",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Lansoprazole_ddi_T31",
"arg2_id": "Lansoprazole_ddi_T35",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Baclofen_ddi | Baclofen_ddi | [
{
"id": "Baclofen_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Injection There is inadequate systematic experience with the use of baclofen injection in combination with other medications to predict specific drug-drug interactions. Interactions attributed to the combined use of baclofen injection and epidural morphine include hypotension and dyspnea. SIDE EFFECTS (KEMSTRO) The most common adverse reaction during treatment with baclofen is transient drowsiness (10-63%). In one controlled study of 175 patients, transient drowsiness was observed in 63% of those receiving baclofen tablets compared to 36% of those in the placebo group. Other common adverse reactions are dizziness (5-15%), weakness (5-15%) and fatigue (2-4%). Others reported: Neuropsychiatric: Confusion (1-11%), headache (4-8%), insomnia (2-7%); and, rarely, euphoria, excitement, depression, hallucinations, paresthesia, muscle pain, tinnitus, slurred speech, coordination disorder, tremor, rigidity, dystonia, ataxia, blurred vision, nystagmus, strabismus, miosis, mydriasis, diplopia, dysarthria, epileptic seizure. Cardiovascular: Hypotension (0-9%). Rare instances of dyspnea, palpitation, chest pain, syncope. Gastrointestinal: Nausea (4-12%), constipation (2-6%); and, rarely, dry mouth, anorexia, taste disorder, abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, and positive test for occult blood in stool. Genitourinary: Urinary frequency (2-6%); and, rarely, enuresis, urinary retention, dysuria, impotence, inability to ejaculate, nocturia, hematuria. Other: Instances of rash, pruritus, ankle edema, excessive perspiration, weight gain, nasal congestion. Some of the CNS and genitourinary symptoms may be related to the underlying disease rather than to drug therapy. The following laboratory tests have been found to be abnormal in a few patients receiving baclofen: increased SGOT, elevated alkaline phosphatase, and elevation of blood sugar. The adverse experience profile seen with KEMSTROTM was similar to that seen with baclofen tablets."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1951
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Baclofen_ddi_T1",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"baclofen"
],
"offsets": [
[
68,
76
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Baclofen_ddi_T2",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"baclofen"
],
"offsets": [
[
216,
224
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Baclofen_ddi_T3",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"morphine"
],
"offsets": [
[
248,
256
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Baclofen_ddi_T4",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"KEMSTRO"
],
"offsets": [
[
304,
311
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Baclofen_ddi_T5",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"baclofen"
],
"offsets": [
[
368,
376
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Baclofen_ddi_T6",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"baclofen"
],
"offsets": [
[
512,
520
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Baclofen_ddi_T7",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"baclofen"
],
"offsets": [
[
1766,
1774
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Baclofen_ddi_T8",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"KEMSTROTM"
],
"offsets": [
[
1894,
1903
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Baclofen_ddi_T9",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"baclofen"
],
"offsets": [
[
1934,
1942
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"id": "Baclofen_ddi_R1",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Baclofen_ddi_T2",
"arg2_id": "Baclofen_ddi_T3",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Doxylamine_ddi | Doxylamine_ddi | [
{
"id": "Doxylamine_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Potential drug interactions for doxylamine include, increased sedation if doxylamine is combined with other CNS depressant drugs. Antihistamines may partially counteract the anticoagulation effects of heparin or warfarin. Doxylamine may enhance the effects of epinephrine."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
272
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Doxylamine_ddi_T1",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"doxylamine"
],
"offsets": [
[
32,
42
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Doxylamine_ddi_T2",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"doxylamine"
],
"offsets": [
[
74,
84
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Doxylamine_ddi_T3",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"CNS depressant drugs"
],
"offsets": [
[
108,
128
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Doxylamine_ddi_T4",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Antihistamines"
],
"offsets": [
[
130,
144
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Doxylamine_ddi_T5",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"heparin"
],
"offsets": [
[
201,
208
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Doxylamine_ddi_T6",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"warfarin"
],
"offsets": [
[
212,
220
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Doxylamine_ddi_T7",
"type": "DRUG",
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"epinephrine"
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] |
Efavirenz_ddi | Efavirenz_ddi | [
{
"id": "Efavirenz_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Efavirenz has been shown in vivo to induce CYP3A4. Other compounds that are substrates of CYP3A4 may have decreased plasma concentrations when coadministered with SUSTIVA (efavirenz). In vitro studies have demonstrated that efavirenz inhibits 2C9, 2C19, and 3A4 isozymes in the range of observed efavirenz plasma concentrations. Coadministration of efavirenz with drugs primarily metabolized by these isozymes may result in altered plasma concentrations of the coadministered drug. Therefore, appropriate dose adjustments may be necessary for these drugs. Drugs which induce CYP3A4 activity (eg, phenobarbital, rifampin, rifabutin) would be expected to increase the clearance of efavirenz resulting in lowered plasma concentrations. Drug interactions with SUSTIVA are summarized in Table 5. Table 5a: Drugs That Should Not Be Coadministered With SUSTIVA Drug Class Drugs Within Class Not To Be Coadministered With SUSTIVA Antihistamines: Benzodiazepines GI Motility Agents Anti-Migraine Antifungal astemizole midazolam, triazolam cisapride ergot derivatives voriconazole Established Drug Interactions Drug Name Effect Clinical Comment Atazanavir atazanavir When coadministered with SUSTIVA in treatment-naive patients, the recommended dose of atazanavir is 300 mg with ritonavir 100 mg and SUSTIVA 600 mg (all once daily). Dosing recommendations for SUSTIVA and atazanavir in treatment-experienced patients have not been established. Established Drug Interactions (continued) Drug Name Effect Clinical Comment Clarithromycin clarithromycin concentration Plasma concentrations decreased by SUSTIVA; clinical significance unknown. In uninfected volunteers, 46% developed rash while receiving SUSTIVA and clarithromycin. No dose adjustment of SUSTIVA is recommended when given with clarithromycin. Alternatives to clarithromycin, such as azithromycin, should be considered. Other macrolide antibiotics, such as erythromycin, have not been studied in combination with SUSTIVA. 14-OH metabolite concentration Indinavir indinavir concentration The optimal dose of indinavir, when given in combination with SUSTIVA, is not known. Increasing the indinavir dose to 1000 mg every 8 hours does not compensate for the increased indinavir metabolism due to SUSTIVA. When indinavir at an increased dose (1000 mg every 8 hours) was given with SUSTIVA (600 mg once daily), the indinavir AUC and Cmin were decreased on average by 33-46% and 39-57%, respectively, compared to when indinavir (800 mg every 8 hours) was given alone. Lopinavir/ritonavir lopinavir concentration A dose increase of lopinavir/ritonavir to 533/133 mg (4 capsules or 6.5 mL) twice daily taken with food is recommended when used in combination with SUSTIVA. Methadone methadone concentration Coadministration in HIV-infected individuals with a history of injection drug use resulted in decreased plasma levels of methadone and signs of opiate withdrawal. Methadone dose was increased by a mean of 22% to alleviate withdrawal symptoms. Patients should be monitored for signs of withdrawal and their methadone dose increased as required to alleviate withdrawal symptoms. Ethinyl estradiol ethinyl estradiol concentration Plasma concentrations increased by SUSTIVA (efavirenz); clinical significance unknown. Because the potential interaction of efavirenz with oral contraceptives has not been fully characterized, a reliable method of barrier contraception should be used in addition to oral contraceptives. Rifabutin rifabutin concentration Increase daily dose of rifabutin by 50%. Consider doubling the rifabutin dose in regimens where rifabutin is given 2 or 3 times a week. Rifampin efavirenz concentration Clinical significance of reduced efavirenz concentrations unknown. Ritonavir ritonavir concentration Combination was associated with a higher frequency of adverse clinical experiences (eg, dizziness, nausea, paresthesia) and laboratory abnormalities (elevated liver enzymes). Monitoring of liver enzymes is recommended when SUSTIVA is used in combination with ritonavir. efavirenz concentration Saquinavir saquinavir concentration Should not be used as sole protease inhibitor in combination with SUSTIVA. Sertraline sertraline concentration Increases in sertraline dose should be guided by clinical response. Other Potentially Clinically Significant Drug or Herbal Product Interactions With SUSTIVAb Anticoagulants: Warfarin Plasma concentrations and effects potentially increased or decreased by SUSTIVA. Anticonvulsants: Phenytoin Phenobarbital Carbamazepine Potential for reduction in anticonvulsant and/or efavirenz plasma levels; periodic monitoring of anticonvulsant plasma levels should be conducted. Antifungals: Itraconazole Ketoconazole Drug interaction studies with SUSTIVA and these imidazole and triazole antifungals have not been conducted. SUSTIVA has the potential to decrease plasma concentrations of itraconazole and ketoconazole. Anti-HIV protease inhibitors: Saquinavir/ritonavir combination No pharmacokinetic data are available. Amprenavir SUSTIVAhas the potential to decrease serum concentrations of amprenavir. Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors No studies have been performed with other NNRTIs. St. John s wort (Hypericum perforatum) Expected to substantially decrease plasma levels of efavirenz;has not been studied in combination with SUSTIVA. a See Tables 1 and 2. b This table is not all-inclusive. Other Drugs: Based on the results of drug interaction studies, no dosage adjustment is recommended when SUSTIVA (efavirenz) is given with the following: aluminum/magnesium hydroxide antacids, azithromycin, cetirizine, famotidine, fluconazole, lamivudine, lorazepam, nelfinavir, paroxetine, and zidovudine. Specific drug interaction studies have not been performed with SUSTIVA and NRTIs other than lamivudine and zidovudine. Clinically significant interactions would not be expected since the NRTIs are metabolized via a different route than efavirenz and would be unlikely to compete for the same metabolic enzymes and elimination pathways."
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296,
305
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"efavirenz"
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[
349,
358
]
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"id": "Efavirenz_ddi_T7",
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"text": [
"phenobarbital"
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596,
609
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611,
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621,
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679,
688
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756,
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953
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973,
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"midazolam"
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1009,
1018
]
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"triazolam"
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1020,
1029
]
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"normalized": []
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"cisapride"
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1030,
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]
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1058,
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"atazanavir"
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"ritonavir"
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"SUSTIVA"
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"atazanavir"
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1362,
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"normalized": []
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"Clarithromycin"
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1510,
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"clarithromycin"
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1525,
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"normalized": []
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"SUSTIVA"
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"SUSTIVA"
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"clarithromycin"
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"offsets": [
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1702,
1716
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"SUSTIVA"
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1779,
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"clarithromycin"
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1811,
1825
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"azithromycin"
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1835,
1847
]
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"erythromycin"
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1908,
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"SUSTIVA"
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"indinavir"
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2715,
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"opiate"
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"Methadone"
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2912,
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],
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"methadone"
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3055,
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3220,
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3320,
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3447,
3461
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3463,
3472
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3473,
3482
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"rifabutin"
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3520,
3529
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],
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"text": [
"rifabutin"
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3560,
3569
]
],
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"text": [
"rifabutin"
],
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3593,
3602
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Efavirenz_ddi_T78",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Rifampin"
],
"offsets": [
[
3633,
3641
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Efavirenz_ddi_T79",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"efavirenz"
],
"offsets": [
[
3642,
3651
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Efavirenz_ddi_T80",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"efavirenz"
],
"offsets": [
[
3699,
3708
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Efavirenz_ddi_T81",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Ritonavir"
],
"offsets": [
[
3733,
3742
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Efavirenz_ddi_T82",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"ritonavir"
],
"offsets": [
[
3743,
3752
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Efavirenz_ddi_T83",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"SUSTIVA"
],
"offsets": [
[
3990,
3997
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Efavirenz_ddi_T84",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"ritonavir"
],
"offsets": [
[
4026,
4035
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Efavirenz_ddi_T85",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"efavirenz"
],
"offsets": [
[
4037,
4046
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Efavirenz_ddi_T86",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Saquinavir"
],
"offsets": [
[
4061,
4071
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Efavirenz_ddi_T87",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"saquinavir"
],
"offsets": [
[
4072,
4082
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Efavirenz_ddi_T88",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"protease inhibitor"
],
"offsets": [
[
4124,
4142
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Efavirenz_ddi_T89",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"SUSTIVA"
],
"offsets": [
[
4163,
4170
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Efavirenz_ddi_T90",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Sertraline"
],
"offsets": [
[
4172,
4182
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Efavirenz_ddi_T91",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"sertraline"
],
"offsets": [
[
4183,
4193
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Efavirenz_ddi_T92",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"sertraline"
],
"offsets": [
[
4221,
4231
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Efavirenz_ddi_T93",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Anticoagulants"
],
"offsets": [
[
4367,
4381
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Efavirenz_ddi_T94",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Warfarin"
],
"offsets": [
[
4383,
4391
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Efavirenz_ddi_T95",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"SUSTIVA"
],
"offsets": [
[
4464,
4471
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Efavirenz_ddi_T96",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Anticonvulsants"
],
"offsets": [
[
4473,
4488
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Efavirenz_ddi_T97",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Phenytoin"
],
"offsets": [
[
4490,
4499
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Efavirenz_ddi_T98",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Phenobarbital"
],
"offsets": [
[
4500,
4513
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Efavirenz_ddi_T99",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Carbamazepine"
],
"offsets": [
[
4514,
4527
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Efavirenz_ddi_T100",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"anticonvulsant"
],
"offsets": [
[
4555,
4569
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Efavirenz_ddi_T101",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"efavirenz"
],
"offsets": [
[
4577,
4586
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Efavirenz_ddi_T102",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"anticonvulsant"
],
"offsets": [
[
4625,
4639
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Efavirenz_ddi_T103",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Antifungals"
],
"offsets": [
[
4675,
4686
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Efavirenz_ddi_T104",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Itraconazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
4688,
4700
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Efavirenz_ddi_T105",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Ketoconazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
4701,
4713
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Efavirenz_ddi_T106",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"SUSTIVA"
],
"offsets": [
[
4744,
4751
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Efavirenz_ddi_T107",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"imidazole",
"antifungals"
],
"offsets": [
[
4762,
4771
],
[
4785,
4796
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Efavirenz_ddi_T108",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"triazole antifungals"
],
"offsets": [
[
4776,
4796
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Efavirenz_ddi_T109",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"SUSTIVA"
],
"offsets": [
[
4822,
4829
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Efavirenz_ddi_T110",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"itraconazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
4885,
4897
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Efavirenz_ddi_T111",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"ketoconazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
4902,
4914
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Efavirenz_ddi_T112",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Anti-HIV protease inhibitors"
],
"offsets": [
[
4916,
4944
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Efavirenz_ddi_T113",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Saquinavir"
],
"offsets": [
[
4946,
4956
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Efavirenz_ddi_T114",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"ritonavir"
],
"offsets": [
[
4957,
4966
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Efavirenz_ddi_T115",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Amprenavir"
],
"offsets": [
[
5018,
5028
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Efavirenz_ddi_T116",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"amprenavir"
],
"offsets": [
[
5090,
5100
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Efavirenz_ddi_T117",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors"
],
"offsets": [
[
5102,
5149
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Efavirenz_ddi_T118",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"NNRTIs"
],
"offsets": [
[
5192,
5198
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Efavirenz_ddi_T119",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"efavirenz"
],
"offsets": [
[
5291,
5300
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Efavirenz_ddi_T120",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"SUSTIVA"
],
"offsets": [
[
5342,
5349
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Efavirenz_ddi_T121",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"SUSTIVA"
],
"offsets": [
[
5512,
5519
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Efavirenz_ddi_T122",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"efavirenz"
],
"offsets": [
[
5521,
5530
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Efavirenz_ddi_T123",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"aluminum/magnesium hydroxide antacids"
],
"offsets": [
[
5561,
5598
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Efavirenz_ddi_T124",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"azithromycin"
],
"offsets": [
[
5600,
5612
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Efavirenz_ddi_T125",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"cetirizine"
],
"offsets": [
[
5614,
5624
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Efavirenz_ddi_T126",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"famotidine"
],
"offsets": [
[
5626,
5636
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Efavirenz_ddi_T127",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"fluconazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
5638,
5649
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Efavirenz_ddi_T128",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"lamivudine"
],
"offsets": [
[
5651,
5661
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Efavirenz_ddi_T129",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"lorazepam"
],
"offsets": [
[
5663,
5672
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Efavirenz_ddi_T130",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"nelfinavir"
],
"offsets": [
[
5674,
5684
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Efavirenz_ddi_T131",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"paroxetine"
],
"offsets": [
[
5686,
5696
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Efavirenz_ddi_T132",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"zidovudine"
],
"offsets": [
[
5702,
5712
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Efavirenz_ddi_T133",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"SUSTIVA"
],
"offsets": [
[
5777,
5784
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Efavirenz_ddi_T134",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"NRTIs"
],
"offsets": [
[
5789,
5794
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Efavirenz_ddi_T135",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"lamivudine"
],
"offsets": [
[
5806,
5816
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Efavirenz_ddi_T136",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"zidovudine"
],
"offsets": [
[
5821,
5831
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Efavirenz_ddi_T137",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"NRTIs"
],
"offsets": [
[
5901,
5906
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Efavirenz_ddi_T138",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"efavirenz"
],
"offsets": [
[
5950,
5959
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"id": "Efavirenz_ddi_R1",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Efavirenz_ddi_T7",
"arg2_id": "Efavirenz_ddi_T10",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Efavirenz_ddi_R2",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Efavirenz_ddi_T8",
"arg2_id": "Efavirenz_ddi_T10",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Efavirenz_ddi_R3",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Efavirenz_ddi_T9",
"arg2_id": "Efavirenz_ddi_T10",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Efavirenz_ddi_R4",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Efavirenz_ddi_T34",
"arg2_id": "Efavirenz_ddi_T35",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Efavirenz_ddi_R5",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Efavirenz_ddi_T48",
"arg2_id": "Efavirenz_ddi_T49",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Efavirenz_ddi_R6",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Efavirenz_ddi_T50",
"arg2_id": "Efavirenz_ddi_T51",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Efavirenz_ddi_R7",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Efavirenz_ddi_T57",
"arg2_id": "Efavirenz_ddi_T59",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Efavirenz_ddi_R8",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Efavirenz_ddi_T58",
"arg2_id": "Efavirenz_ddi_T59",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Efavirenz_ddi_R9",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Efavirenz_ddi_T70",
"arg2_id": "Efavirenz_ddi_T71",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Efavirenz_ddi_R10",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Efavirenz_ddi_T83",
"arg2_id": "Efavirenz_ddi_T84",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Efavirenz_ddi_R11",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Efavirenz_ddi_T100",
"arg2_id": "Efavirenz_ddi_T101",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Efavirenz_ddi_R12",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Efavirenz_ddi_T109",
"arg2_id": "Efavirenz_ddi_T110",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Efavirenz_ddi_R13",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Efavirenz_ddi_T109",
"arg2_id": "Efavirenz_ddi_T111",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Clofarabine_ddi | Clofarabine_ddi | [
{
"id": "Clofarabine_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Although no clinical drug-drug interaction studies have been conducted to date, on the basis of the in vitro studies, cytochrome p450 inhibitors and inducers are unlikely to affect the metabolism of clofarabine. The effect of clofarabine on the metabolism of cytochrome p450 substrates has not been studied. Drug/Laboratory Tests Interactions There are no known clinically significant interactions of CLOLAR with other medications or laboratory tests. No formal drug/laboratory test interaction studies have been conducted with CLOLAR ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
538
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Clofarabine_ddi_T1",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"clofarabine"
],
"offsets": [
[
199,
210
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Clofarabine_ddi_T2",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"clofarabine"
],
"offsets": [
[
226,
237
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Clofarabine_ddi_T3",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"CLOLAR"
],
"offsets": [
[
401,
407
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Clofarabine_ddi_T4",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"CLOLAR"
],
"offsets": [
[
529,
535
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
L-Carnitine_ddi | L-Carnitine_ddi | [
{
"id": "L-Carnitine_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Interacts with valproic acid"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
28
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "L-Carnitine_ddi_T1",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"valproic acid"
],
"offsets": [
[
15,
28
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
Doxorubicin_ddi | Doxorubicin_ddi | [
{
"id": "Doxorubicin_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"No formal drug interaction studies have been conducted with DOXIL . Until specific compatibility data are available, it is not recommended that DOXIL be mixed with other drugs. DOXIL may interact with drugs known to interact with the conventional formulation of doxorubicin HCl."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
281
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Doxorubicin_ddi_T1",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"DOXIL"
],
"offsets": [
[
60,
65
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Doxorubicin_ddi_T2",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"DOXIL"
],
"offsets": [
[
145,
150
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Doxorubicin_ddi_T3",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"DOXIL"
],
"offsets": [
[
179,
184
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Doxorubicin_ddi_T4",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"doxorubicin HCl"
],
"offsets": [
[
265,
280
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
Nalbuphine_ddi | Nalbuphine_ddi | [
{
"id": "Nalbuphine_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"No specific information available ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
35
]
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] | [] |
Calcitriol_ddi | Calcitriol_ddi | [
{
"id": "Calcitriol_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Interactions for vitamin D analogues (Vitamin D2, Vitamin D3, Calcitriol, and Calcidiol): Cholestyramine: Cholestyramine has been reported to reduce intestinal absorption of fat soluble vitamins; as such it may impair intestinal absorption of any of vitamin D. Phenytoin/Phenobarbital: The coadministration of phenytoin or phenobarbital will not affect plasma concentrations of vitamin D, but may reduce endogenous plasma levels of calcitriol/ergocalcitriol by accelerating metabolism. Since blood level of calcitriol/ergocalcitriol will be reduced, higher doses of Rocaltrol may be necessary if these drugs are administered simultaneously. Thiazides: Thiazides are known to induce hypercalcemia by the reduction of calcium excretion in urine. Some reports have shown that the concomitant administration of thiazides with vitamin D causes hypercalcemia. Therefore, precaution should be taken when coadministration is necessary. Digitalis: Vitamin D dosage must be determined with care in patients undergoing treatment with digitalis, as hypercalcemia in such patients may precipitate cardiac arrhythmias. Ketoconazole: Ketoconazole may inhibit both synthetic and catabolic enzymes of vitamin D. Reductions in serum endogenous vitamin D concentrations have been observed following the administration of 300 mg/day to 1200 mg/day ketoconazole for a week to healthy men. However, in vivo drug interaction studies of ketoconazole with vitamin D have not been investigated. Corticosteroids: A relationship of functional antagonism exists between vitamin D analogues, which promote calcium absorption, and corticosteroids, which inhibit calcium absorption. Phosphate-Binding Agents: Since vitamin D also has an effect on phosphate transport in the intestine, kidneys and bones, the dosage of phosphate-binding agents must be adjusted in accordance with the serum phosphate concentration. Vitamin D: The coadministration of any of the vitamin D analogues should be avoided as this could create possible additive effects and hypercalcemia. Calcium Supplements: Uncontrolled intake of additional calcium-containing preparations should be avoided. Magnesium: Magnesium-containing preparations (eg, antacids) may cause hypermagnesemia and should therefore not be taken during therapy with vitamin D by patients on chronic renal dialysis."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2326
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Calcitriol_ddi_T1",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"vitamin D analogues"
],
"offsets": [
[
17,
36
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcitriol_ddi_T2",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Vitamin D2"
],
"offsets": [
[
38,
48
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcitriol_ddi_T3",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Vitamin D3"
],
"offsets": [
[
50,
60
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcitriol_ddi_T4",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Calcitriol"
],
"offsets": [
[
62,
72
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcitriol_ddi_T5",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Calcidiol"
],
"offsets": [
[
78,
87
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcitriol_ddi_T6",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Cholestyramine"
],
"offsets": [
[
90,
104
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcitriol_ddi_T7",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Cholestyramine"
],
"offsets": [
[
106,
120
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcitriol_ddi_T8",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"fat soluble vitamins"
],
"offsets": [
[
174,
194
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcitriol_ddi_T9",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"vitamin D"
],
"offsets": [
[
250,
259
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcitriol_ddi_T10",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Phenytoin"
],
"offsets": [
[
261,
270
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcitriol_ddi_T11",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Phenobarbital"
],
"offsets": [
[
271,
284
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcitriol_ddi_T12",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"phenytoin"
],
"offsets": [
[
310,
319
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcitriol_ddi_T13",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"phenobarbital"
],
"offsets": [
[
323,
336
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcitriol_ddi_T14",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"vitamin D"
],
"offsets": [
[
378,
387
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcitriol_ddi_T15",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"calcitriol"
],
"offsets": [
[
432,
442
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcitriol_ddi_T16",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"calcitriol"
],
"offsets": [
[
507,
517
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcitriol_ddi_T17",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"Rocaltrol"
],
"offsets": [
[
566,
575
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcitriol_ddi_T18",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Thiazides"
],
"offsets": [
[
641,
650
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcitriol_ddi_T19",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Thiazides"
],
"offsets": [
[
652,
661
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcitriol_ddi_T20",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"calcium"
],
"offsets": [
[
716,
723
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcitriol_ddi_T21",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"thiazides"
],
"offsets": [
[
807,
816
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcitriol_ddi_T22",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"vitamin D"
],
"offsets": [
[
822,
831
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcitriol_ddi_T23",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Digitalis"
],
"offsets": [
[
928,
937
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcitriol_ddi_T24",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Vitamin D"
],
"offsets": [
[
939,
948
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcitriol_ddi_T25",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"digitalis"
],
"offsets": [
[
1023,
1032
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcitriol_ddi_T26",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Ketoconazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
1105,
1117
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcitriol_ddi_T27",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Ketoconazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
1119,
1131
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcitriol_ddi_T28",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"vitamin D"
],
"offsets": [
[
1184,
1193
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcitriol_ddi_T29",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"ketoconazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
1328,
1340
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcitriol_ddi_T30",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"ketoconazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
1413,
1425
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcitriol_ddi_T31",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"vitamin D"
],
"offsets": [
[
1431,
1440
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcitriol_ddi_T32",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Corticosteroids"
],
"offsets": [
[
1469,
1484
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcitriol_ddi_T33",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"vitamin D analogues"
],
"offsets": [
[
1541,
1560
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcitriol_ddi_T34",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"corticosteroids"
],
"offsets": [
[
1600,
1615
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcitriol_ddi_T35",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"vitamin D"
],
"offsets": [
[
1683,
1692
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcitriol_ddi_T36",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Vitamin D"
],
"offsets": [
[
1882,
1891
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcitriol_ddi_T37",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"vitamin D analogues"
],
"offsets": [
[
1928,
1947
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcitriol_ddi_T38",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Calcium"
],
"offsets": [
[
2032,
2039
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcitriol_ddi_T39",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"calcium"
],
"offsets": [
[
2087,
2094
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcitriol_ddi_T40",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Magnesium"
],
"offsets": [
[
2138,
2147
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcitriol_ddi_T41",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Magnesium"
],
"offsets": [
[
2149,
2158
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcitriol_ddi_T42",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"antacids"
],
"offsets": [
[
2188,
2196
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcitriol_ddi_T43",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"vitamin D"
],
"offsets": [
[
2278,
2287
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"id": "Calcitriol_ddi_R1",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Calcitriol_ddi_T7",
"arg2_id": "Calcitriol_ddi_T8",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcitriol_ddi_R2",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Calcitriol_ddi_T12",
"arg2_id": "Calcitriol_ddi_T15",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcitriol_ddi_R3",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Calcitriol_ddi_T13",
"arg2_id": "Calcitriol_ddi_T15",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcitriol_ddi_R4",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Calcitriol_ddi_T21",
"arg2_id": "Calcitriol_ddi_T22",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcitriol_ddi_R5",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Calcitriol_ddi_T24",
"arg2_id": "Calcitriol_ddi_T25",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcitriol_ddi_R6",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Calcitriol_ddi_T27",
"arg2_id": "Calcitriol_ddi_T28",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcitriol_ddi_R7",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Calcitriol_ddi_T33",
"arg2_id": "Calcitriol_ddi_T34",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcitriol_ddi_R8",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Calcitriol_ddi_T41",
"arg2_id": "Calcitriol_ddi_T43",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcitriol_ddi_R9",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Calcitriol_ddi_T42",
"arg2_id": "Calcitriol_ddi_T43",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Nalidixic Acid_ddi | Nalidixic Acid_ddi | [
{
"id": "Nalidixic Acid_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Elevated plasma levels of theophylline have been reported with concomitant quinolone use. There have been reports of theophylline-related side effects in patients on concomitant therapy with quinolones and theophylline. Therefore, monitoring of theophylline plasma levels should be considered and dosage of theophylline adjusted, as required. Quinolones have been shown to interfere with the metabolism of caffeine. This may lead to reduced clearance of caffeine and the prolongation of its plasma half-life. Quinolones, including nalidixic acid, may enhance the effects of the oral anticoagulant warfarin or its derivatives. When these products are administered concomitantly, prothrombin time or other suitable coagulation test should be closely monitored. Nitrofurantoin interferes with the therapeutic action of nalidixic acid. Antacids containing magnesium, aluminum, or calcium; sucralfate or divalent or trivalent cations such as iron; multivitamins containing zinc; and Videx , (Didanosine), chewable/buffered tablets or the pediatric powder for oral solution may substantially interfere with the absorption of quinolones, resulting in systemic levels considerably lower than desired. These agents should not be taken within the two hour period before or within the two-hour period after nalidixic acid administration. Elevated serum levels of cyclosporine have been reported with the concomitant use of some quinolones and cyclosporine. Therefore, cyclosporine serum levels should be monitored and appropriate cyclosporine dosage adjustments made when these drugs are used concomitantly."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1596
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Nalidixic Acid_ddi_T1",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"theophylline"
],
"offsets": [
[
26,
38
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nalidixic Acid_ddi_T2",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"quinolone"
],
"offsets": [
[
75,
84
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nalidixic Acid_ddi_T3",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"theophylline"
],
"offsets": [
[
117,
129
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nalidixic Acid_ddi_T4",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"quinolones"
],
"offsets": [
[
191,
201
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nalidixic Acid_ddi_T5",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"theophylline"
],
"offsets": [
[
206,
218
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nalidixic Acid_ddi_T6",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"theophylline"
],
"offsets": [
[
245,
257
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nalidixic Acid_ddi_T7",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"theophylline"
],
"offsets": [
[
307,
319
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nalidixic Acid_ddi_T8",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Quinolones"
],
"offsets": [
[
343,
353
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nalidixic Acid_ddi_T9",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"caffeine"
],
"offsets": [
[
406,
414
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nalidixic Acid_ddi_T10",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"caffeine"
],
"offsets": [
[
454,
462
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nalidixic Acid_ddi_T11",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Quinolones"
],
"offsets": [
[
509,
519
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nalidixic Acid_ddi_T12",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"nalidixic acid"
],
"offsets": [
[
531,
545
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nalidixic Acid_ddi_T13",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"anticoagulant"
],
"offsets": [
[
583,
596
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nalidixic Acid_ddi_T14",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"warfarin"
],
"offsets": [
[
597,
605
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nalidixic Acid_ddi_T15",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Nitrofurantoin"
],
"offsets": [
[
759,
773
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nalidixic Acid_ddi_T16",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"nalidixic acid"
],
"offsets": [
[
816,
830
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nalidixic Acid_ddi_T17",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Antacids"
],
"offsets": [
[
832,
840
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nalidixic Acid_ddi_T18",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"magnesium"
],
"offsets": [
[
852,
861
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nalidixic Acid_ddi_T19",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"aluminum"
],
"offsets": [
[
863,
871
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nalidixic Acid_ddi_T20",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"calcium"
],
"offsets": [
[
876,
883
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nalidixic Acid_ddi_T21",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"sucralfate"
],
"offsets": [
[
885,
895
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nalidixic Acid_ddi_T22",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"iron"
],
"offsets": [
[
937,
941
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nalidixic Acid_ddi_T23",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"multivitamins"
],
"offsets": [
[
943,
956
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nalidixic Acid_ddi_T24",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"zinc"
],
"offsets": [
[
968,
972
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nalidixic Acid_ddi_T25",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"Videx"
],
"offsets": [
[
978,
983
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nalidixic Acid_ddi_T26",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Didanosine"
],
"offsets": [
[
987,
997
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nalidixic Acid_ddi_T27",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"quinolones"
],
"offsets": [
[
1119,
1129
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nalidixic Acid_ddi_T28",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"nalidixic acid"
],
"offsets": [
[
1296,
1310
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nalidixic Acid_ddi_T29",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"cyclosporine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1352,
1364
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nalidixic Acid_ddi_T30",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"quinolones"
],
"offsets": [
[
1417,
1427
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nalidixic Acid_ddi_T31",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"cyclosporine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1432,
1444
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nalidixic Acid_ddi_T32",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"cyclosporine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1457,
1469
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nalidixic Acid_ddi_T33",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"cyclosporine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1519,
1531
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"id": "Nalidixic Acid_ddi_R1",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Nalidixic Acid_ddi_T1",
"arg2_id": "Nalidixic Acid_ddi_T2",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nalidixic Acid_ddi_R2",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Nalidixic Acid_ddi_T4",
"arg2_id": "Nalidixic Acid_ddi_T5",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nalidixic Acid_ddi_R3",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Nalidixic Acid_ddi_T8",
"arg2_id": "Nalidixic Acid_ddi_T9",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nalidixic Acid_ddi_R4",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Nalidixic Acid_ddi_T11",
"arg2_id": "Nalidixic Acid_ddi_T14",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nalidixic Acid_ddi_R5",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Nalidixic Acid_ddi_T12",
"arg2_id": "Nalidixic Acid_ddi_T14",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nalidixic Acid_ddi_R6",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Nalidixic Acid_ddi_T15",
"arg2_id": "Nalidixic Acid_ddi_T16",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nalidixic Acid_ddi_R7",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Nalidixic Acid_ddi_T25",
"arg2_id": "Nalidixic Acid_ddi_T27",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nalidixic Acid_ddi_R8",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Nalidixic Acid_ddi_T26",
"arg2_id": "Nalidixic Acid_ddi_T27",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nalidixic Acid_ddi_R9",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Nalidixic Acid_ddi_T30",
"arg2_id": "Nalidixic Acid_ddi_T31",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Zalcitabine_ddi | Zalcitabine_ddi | [
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Zidovudine: There is no significant pharmacokinetic interaction between ZDV and zalcitabine which has been confirmed clinically. Zalcitabine also has no significant effect on the intracellular phosphorylation of ZDV, as shown in vitro in peripheral blood mononuclear cells or in two other cell lines (U937 and Molt-4). In the same study it was shown that didanosine and stavudine had no significant effect on the intracellular phosphorylation of zalcitabine in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Lamivudine: In vitro studies in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, U937 and Molt-4 cells revealed that lamivudine significantly inhibited zalcitabine phosphorylation in a dose dependent manner. Effects were already seen with doses corresponding to relevant plasma levels in humans, and the intracellular phosphorylation of zalcitabine to its three metabolites (including the active zalcitabine triphosphate metabolite) was significantly inhibited. Zalcitabine inhibited lamivudine phosphorylation at high concentration ratios (10 and 100); however, it is considered to be unlikely that this decrease of phosphorylated lamivudine concentration is of clinical significance, as lamivudine is a more efficient substrate for deoxycytidine kinase than zalcitabine. These in vitro studies suggest that concomitant administration of zalcitabine and lamivudine in humans may result in sub-therapeutic concentrations of active phosphorylated zalcitabine, which may lead to a decreased antiretroviral effect of zalcitabine. It is unknown how the effect seen in these in vitro studies translates into clinical consequences. Concomitant use of zalcitabine and lamivudine is not recommended. Saquinavir: The combination of HIVID, saquinavir, and ZDV has been studied (as triple combination) in adults. Pharmacokinetic data suggest that absorption, metabolism, and elimination of each of these drugs are unchanged when they are used together. Drugs Associated With Peripheral Neuropathy: The concomitant use of HIVID with drugs that have the potential to cause peripheral neuropathy should be avoided where possible. Drugs that have been associated with peripheral neuropathy include antiretroviral nucleoside analogues, chloramphenicol, cisplatin, dapsone, disulfiram, ethionamide, glutethimide, gold, hydralazine, iodoquinol, isoniazid, metronidazole, nitrofurantoin, phenytoin, ribavirin, and vincristine. Concomitant use of HIVID with didanosine is not recommended. Intravenous Pentamidine: Treatment with HIVID should be interrupted when the use of a drug that has the potential to cause pancreatitis is required. Death due to fulminant pancreatitis possibly related to intravenous pentamidine and HIVID has been reported. If intravenous pentamidine is required to treat Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, treatment with HIVID should be interrupted. Amphotericin, Foscarnet, and Aminoglycosides: Drugs such as amphotericin, foscarnet, and aminoglycosides may increase the risk of developing peripheral neuropathy or other HIVID-associated adverse events by interfering with the renal clearance of zalcitabine (thereby raising systemic exposure). Patients who require the use of one of these drugs with HIVID should have frequent clinical and laboratory monitoring with dosage adjustment for any significant change in renal function. Probenecid or Cimetidine: Concomitant administration of probenecid or cimetidine decreases the elimination of zalcitabine, most likely by inhibition of renal tubular secretion of zalcitabine. Patients receiving these drugs in combination with zalcitabine should be monitored for signs of toxicity and the dose of zalcitabine reduced if warranted. Magnesium/Aluminum-containing Antacid Products: Absorption of zalcitabine is moderately reduced (approximately 25%) when coadministered with magnesium/aluminum-containing antacid products. The clinical significance of this reduction is not known, hence zalcitabine is not recommended to be ingested simultaneously with magnesium/aluminum-containing antacids. Metoclopramide: Bioavailability is mildly reduced (approximately 10%) when zalcitabine and metoclopramide are coadministered. Doxorubicin: Doxorubicin caused a decrease in zalcitabine phosphorylation ( 50% inhibition of total phosphate formation) in U937/Molt 4 cells. Although there may be decreased zalcitabine activity because of lessened active metabolite formation, the clinical relevance of these in vitro results are not known."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
4458
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]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T1",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Zidovudine"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
10
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T2",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"ZDV"
],
"offsets": [
[
72,
75
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T3",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"zalcitabine"
],
"offsets": [
[
80,
91
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T4",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Zalcitabine"
],
"offsets": [
[
129,
140
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T5",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"ZDV"
],
"offsets": [
[
212,
215
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T6",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"didanosine"
],
"offsets": [
[
355,
365
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T7",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"stavudine"
],
"offsets": [
[
370,
379
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T8",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"zalcitabine"
],
"offsets": [
[
446,
457
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T9",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Lamivudine"
],
"offsets": [
[
497,
507
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T10",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"lamivudine"
],
"offsets": [
[
601,
611
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T11",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"zalcitabine"
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"offsets": [
[
636,
647
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T12",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"zalcitabine"
],
"offsets": [
[
821,
832
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T13",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Zalcitabine"
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"offsets": [
[
946,
957
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T14",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"lamivudine"
],
"offsets": [
[
968,
978
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T15",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"lamivudine"
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"offsets": [
[
1116,
1126
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T16",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"lamivudine"
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"offsets": [
[
1173,
1183
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T17",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"zalcitabine"
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"offsets": [
[
1244,
1255
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T18",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"zalcitabine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1323,
1334
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T19",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"lamivudine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1339,
1349
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T20",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"zalcitabine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1430,
1441
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T21",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"antiretroviral"
],
"offsets": [
[
1473,
1487
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T22",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"zalcitabine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1498,
1509
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T23",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"zalcitabine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1629,
1640
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T24",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"lamivudine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1645,
1655
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T25",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Saquinavir"
],
"offsets": [
[
1676,
1686
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T26",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"HIVID"
],
"offsets": [
[
1707,
1712
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T27",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"saquinavir"
],
"offsets": [
[
1714,
1724
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T28",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"ZDV"
],
"offsets": [
[
1730,
1733
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T29",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"HIVID"
],
"offsets": [
[
1994,
1999
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T30",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"antiretroviral nucleoside analogues"
],
"offsets": [
[
2167,
2202
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T31",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"chloramphenicol"
],
"offsets": [
[
2204,
2219
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T32",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"cisplatin"
],
"offsets": [
[
2221,
2230
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T33",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"dapsone"
],
"offsets": [
[
2232,
2239
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T34",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"disulfiram"
],
"offsets": [
[
2241,
2251
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T35",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"ethionamide"
],
"offsets": [
[
2253,
2264
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T36",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"glutethimide"
],
"offsets": [
[
2266,
2278
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T37",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"gold"
],
"offsets": [
[
2280,
2284
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T38",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"hydralazine"
],
"offsets": [
[
2286,
2297
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T39",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"iodoquinol"
],
"offsets": [
[
2299,
2309
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T40",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"isoniazid"
],
"offsets": [
[
2311,
2320
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T41",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"metronidazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
2322,
2335
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T42",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"nitrofurantoin"
],
"offsets": [
[
2337,
2351
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T43",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"phenytoin"
],
"offsets": [
[
2353,
2362
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T44",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"ribavirin"
],
"offsets": [
[
2364,
2373
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T45",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"vincristine"
],
"offsets": [
[
2379,
2390
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T46",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"HIVID"
],
"offsets": [
[
2411,
2416
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T47",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"didanosine"
],
"offsets": [
[
2422,
2432
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T48",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Pentamidine"
],
"offsets": [
[
2465,
2476
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T49",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"HIVID"
],
"offsets": [
[
2493,
2498
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T50",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"pentamidine"
],
"offsets": [
[
2670,
2681
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T51",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"HIVID"
],
"offsets": [
[
2686,
2691
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T52",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"pentamidine"
],
"offsets": [
[
2726,
2737
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T53",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"HIVID"
],
"offsets": [
[
2806,
2811
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T54",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Amphotericin"
],
"offsets": [
[
2835,
2847
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T55",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Foscarnet"
],
"offsets": [
[
2849,
2858
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T56",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Aminoglycosides"
],
"offsets": [
[
2864,
2879
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T57",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"amphotericin"
],
"offsets": [
[
2895,
2907
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T58",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"foscarnet"
],
"offsets": [
[
2909,
2918
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T59",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"aminoglycosides"
],
"offsets": [
[
2924,
2939
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T60",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"HIVID"
],
"offsets": [
[
3007,
3012
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T61",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"zalcitabine"
],
"offsets": [
[
3082,
3093
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T62",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"HIVID"
],
"offsets": [
[
3187,
3192
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T63",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Probenecid"
],
"offsets": [
[
3318,
3328
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T64",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Cimetidine"
],
"offsets": [
[
3332,
3342
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T65",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"probenecid"
],
"offsets": [
[
3374,
3384
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T66",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"cimetidine"
],
"offsets": [
[
3388,
3398
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T67",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"zalcitabine"
],
"offsets": [
[
3428,
3439
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T68",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"zalcitabine"
],
"offsets": [
[
3497,
3508
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T69",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"zalcitabine"
],
"offsets": [
[
3561,
3572
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T70",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"zalcitabine"
],
"offsets": [
[
3631,
3642
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T71",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Magnesium"
],
"offsets": [
[
3665,
3674
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T72",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Aluminum"
],
"offsets": [
[
3675,
3683
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T73",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Antacid Products"
],
"offsets": [
[
3695,
3711
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T74",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"zalcitabine"
],
"offsets": [
[
3727,
3738
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T75",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"magnesium"
],
"offsets": [
[
3806,
3815
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T76",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"aluminum"
],
"offsets": [
[
3816,
3824
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T77",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"antacid products"
],
"offsets": [
[
3836,
3852
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T78",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"zalcitabine"
],
"offsets": [
[
3918,
3929
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T79",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"magnesium"
],
"offsets": [
[
3984,
3993
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T80",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"aluminum"
],
"offsets": [
[
3994,
4002
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T81",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"antacids"
],
"offsets": [
[
4014,
4022
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T82",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Metoclopramide"
],
"offsets": [
[
4024,
4038
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T83",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"zalcitabine"
],
"offsets": [
[
4099,
4110
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T84",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"metoclopramide"
],
"offsets": [
[
4115,
4129
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T85",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Doxorubicin"
],
"offsets": [
[
4150,
4161
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T86",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Doxorubicin"
],
"offsets": [
[
4163,
4174
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T87",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"zalcitabine"
],
"offsets": [
[
4196,
4207
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T88",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"zalcitabine"
],
"offsets": [
[
4325,
4336
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_R1",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T4",
"arg2_id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T5",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_R2",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T10",
"arg2_id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T11",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_R3",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T13",
"arg2_id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T14",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_R4",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T18",
"arg2_id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T19",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_R5",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T23",
"arg2_id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T24",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_R6",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T46",
"arg2_id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T47",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_R7",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T50",
"arg2_id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T51",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_R8",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T52",
"arg2_id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T53",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_R9",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T57",
"arg2_id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T60",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_R10",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T57",
"arg2_id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T61",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_R11",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T58",
"arg2_id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T60",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_R12",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T58",
"arg2_id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T61",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_R13",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T59",
"arg2_id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T60",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_R14",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T59",
"arg2_id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T61",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_R15",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T65",
"arg2_id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T67",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_R16",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T66",
"arg2_id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T67",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_R17",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T78",
"arg2_id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T79",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_R18",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T78",
"arg2_id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T80",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_R19",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T78",
"arg2_id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T81",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_R20",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T83",
"arg2_id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T84",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_R21",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T86",
"arg2_id": "Zalcitabine_ddi_T87",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Esomeprazole_ddi | Esomeprazole_ddi | [
{
"id": "Esomeprazole_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Esomeprazole is extensively metabolized in the liver by CYP2C19 and CYP3A4. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that esomeprazole is not likely to inhibit CYPs 1A2, 2A6, 2C9, 2D6, 2E1 and 3A4. No clinically relevant interactions with drugs metabolized by these CYP enzymes would be expected. Drug interaction studies have shown that esomeprazole does not have any clinically significant interactions with phenytoin, warfarin, quinidine, clarithromycin or amoxicillin. Post-marketing reports of changes in prothrombin measures have been received among patients on concomitant warfarin and esomeprazole therapy. Increases in INR and prothrombin time may lead to abnormal bleeding and even death. Patients treated with proton pump inhibitors and warfarin concomitantly may need to be monitored for increases in INR and prothrombin time. Esomeprazole may potentially interfere with CYP2C19, the major esomeprazole metabolizing enzyme. Coadministration of esomeprazole 30 mg and diazepam, a CYP2C19 substrate, resulted in a 45% decrease in clearance of diazepam. Increased plasma levels of diazepam were observed 12 hours after dosing and onwards. However, at that time, the plasma levels of diazepam were below the therapeutic interval, and thus this interaction is unlikely to be of clinical relevance. Esomeprazole inhibits gastric acid secretion. Therefore, esomeprazole may interfere with the absorption of drugs where gastric pH is an important determinant of bioavailability (eg, ketoconazole, iron salts and digoxin). Coadministration of oral contraceptives, diazepam, phenytoin, or quinidine did not seem to change the pharmacokinetic profile of esomeprazole. Concomitant administration of clarithromycin with pimozide is contraindicated."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1746
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Esomeprazole_ddi_T1",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Esomeprazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
12
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Esomeprazole_ddi_T2",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"esomeprazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
121,
133
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Esomeprazole_ddi_T3",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"esomeprazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
337,
349
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Esomeprazole_ddi_T4",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"phenytoin"
],
"offsets": [
[
409,
418
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Esomeprazole_ddi_T5",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"warfarin"
],
"offsets": [
[
420,
428
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Esomeprazole_ddi_T6",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"quinidine"
],
"offsets": [
[
430,
439
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Esomeprazole_ddi_T7",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"clarithromycin"
],
"offsets": [
[
441,
455
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Esomeprazole_ddi_T8",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"amoxicillin"
],
"offsets": [
[
459,
470
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Esomeprazole_ddi_T9",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"warfarin"
],
"offsets": [
[
579,
587
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Esomeprazole_ddi_T10",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"esomeprazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
592,
604
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Esomeprazole_ddi_T11",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"proton pump inhibitors"
],
"offsets": [
[
720,
742
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Esomeprazole_ddi_T12",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"warfarin"
],
"offsets": [
[
747,
755
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Esomeprazole_ddi_T13",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Esomeprazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
838,
850
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Esomeprazole_ddi_T14",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"esomeprazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
901,
913
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Esomeprazole_ddi_T15",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"esomeprazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
955,
967
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Esomeprazole_ddi_T16",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"diazepam"
],
"offsets": [
[
978,
986
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Esomeprazole_ddi_T17",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"diazepam"
],
"offsets": [
[
1052,
1060
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Esomeprazole_ddi_T18",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"diazepam"
],
"offsets": [
[
1089,
1097
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Esomeprazole_ddi_T19",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"diazepam"
],
"offsets": [
[
1191,
1199
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Esomeprazole_ddi_T20",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Esomeprazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
1304,
1316
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Esomeprazole_ddi_T21",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"esomeprazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
1361,
1373
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Esomeprazole_ddi_T22",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"ketoconazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
1486,
1498
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Esomeprazole_ddi_T23",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"iron"
],
"offsets": [
[
1500,
1504
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Esomeprazole_ddi_T24",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"digoxin"
],
"offsets": [
[
1515,
1522
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Esomeprazole_ddi_T25",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"contraceptives"
],
"offsets": [
[
1550,
1564
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Esomeprazole_ddi_T26",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"diazepam"
],
"offsets": [
[
1566,
1574
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Esomeprazole_ddi_T27",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"phenytoin"
],
"offsets": [
[
1576,
1585
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Esomeprazole_ddi_T28",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"quinidine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1590,
1599
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Esomeprazole_ddi_T29",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"esomeprazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
1654,
1666
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Esomeprazole_ddi_T30",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"clarithromycin"
],
"offsets": [
[
1698,
1712
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Esomeprazole_ddi_T31",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"pimozide"
],
"offsets": [
[
1718,
1726
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"id": "Esomeprazole_ddi_R1",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Esomeprazole_ddi_T11",
"arg2_id": "Esomeprazole_ddi_T12",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Esomeprazole_ddi_R2",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Esomeprazole_ddi_T15",
"arg2_id": "Esomeprazole_ddi_T16",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Esomeprazole_ddi_R3",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Esomeprazole_ddi_T21",
"arg2_id": "Esomeprazole_ddi_T22",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Esomeprazole_ddi_R4",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Esomeprazole_ddi_T21",
"arg2_id": "Esomeprazole_ddi_T23",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Esomeprazole_ddi_R5",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Esomeprazole_ddi_T21",
"arg2_id": "Esomeprazole_ddi_T24",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Esomeprazole_ddi_R6",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Esomeprazole_ddi_T30",
"arg2_id": "Esomeprazole_ddi_T31",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Aminocaproic Acid_ddi | Aminocaproic Acid_ddi | [
{
"id": "Aminocaproic Acid_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Drug Laboratory Test Interactions: Prolongation of the template bleeding time has been reported during continuous intravenous infusion of AMICAR at dosages exceeding 24 g/day. Platelet function studies in these patients have not demonstrated any significant platelet dysfunction. However, in vitro studies have shown that at high concentrations (7.4 mMol/L or 0.97 mg/mL and greater) EACA inhibits ADP and collagen-induced platelet aggregation, the release of ATP and serotonin, and the binding of fibrinogen to the platelets in a concentration-response manner. Following a 10 g bolus of AMICAR, transient peak plasma concentrations of 4.6 mMol/L or 0.60 mg/mL have been obtained. The concentration of AMICAR necessary to maintain inhibition of fibrinolysis is 0.99 mMol/L or 0.13 mg/mL. Administration of a 5 g bolus followed by 1 to 1.25 g/hr should achieve and sustain plasma levels of 0.13 mg/mL. Thus, concentrations which have been obtained in vivo clinically in patients with normal renal function are considerably lower than the in vitro concentrations found to induce abnormalities in platelet function tests. However, higher plasma concentrations of AMICAR may occur in patients with severe renal failure."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1215
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Aminocaproic Acid_ddi_T1",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"AMICAR"
],
"offsets": [
[
138,
144
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aminocaproic Acid_ddi_T2",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"EACA"
],
"offsets": [
[
384,
388
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aminocaproic Acid_ddi_T3",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"AMICAR"
],
"offsets": [
[
588,
594
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aminocaproic Acid_ddi_T4",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"AMICAR"
],
"offsets": [
[
702,
708
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aminocaproic Acid_ddi_T5",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"AMICAR"
],
"offsets": [
[
1160,
1166
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
Icosapent_ddi | Icosapent_ddi | [
{
"id": "Icosapent_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Interactions may occur between EPA supplements and aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and herbs such as garlic (Allium sativum) and ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba). Such interactions might be manifested by increased susceptibility to bruising, nosebleeds, hemoptysis, hematemesis, hematuria and blood in the stool. Most who take EPA supplements and the above drugs or herbs do not suffer from these problems and if they occur, they are rare. If they do occur, the EPA dose should be lowered or discontinued. Conflicting results have been reported regarding the effects of EPA supplements on glycemic control in non-diabetics with glucose intolerance, and those with type 2 diabetes. Some early studies indicated that EPA supplements might have detrimental effects in those groups. Recent, better designed studies have not reported these adverse effects. There is no evidence that EPA supplements have detrimental effects on glucose tolerance, insulin secretion or insulin resistance in non-diabetic subjects. Diabetics should discuss the use of these supplements with their physicians and note if the supplements affect their glycemic control. Diabetics who take EPA supplements should be monitored by their physicians."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1231
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Icosapent_ddi_T1",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"EPA"
],
"offsets": [
[
31,
34
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Icosapent_ddi_T2",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"aspirin"
],
"offsets": [
[
51,
58
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Icosapent_ddi_T3",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs"
],
"offsets": [
[
69,
106
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Icosapent_ddi_T4",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"ginkgo"
],
"offsets": [
[
153,
159
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Icosapent_ddi_T5",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Ginkgo biloba"
],
"offsets": [
[
161,
174
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Icosapent_ddi_T6",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"EPA"
],
"offsets": [
[
341,
344
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Icosapent_ddi_T7",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"EPA"
],
"offsets": [
[
476,
479
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Icosapent_ddi_T8",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"EPA"
],
"offsets": [
[
584,
587
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Icosapent_ddi_T9",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"EPA"
],
"offsets": [
[
729,
732
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Icosapent_ddi_T10",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"EPA"
],
"offsets": [
[
892,
895
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Icosapent_ddi_T11",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"EPA"
],
"offsets": [
[
1175,
1178
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"id": "Icosapent_ddi_R1",
"type": "INT",
"arg1_id": "Icosapent_ddi_T1",
"arg2_id": "Icosapent_ddi_T2",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Icosapent_ddi_R2",
"type": "INT",
"arg1_id": "Icosapent_ddi_T1",
"arg2_id": "Icosapent_ddi_T3",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Icosapent_ddi_R3",
"type": "INT",
"arg1_id": "Icosapent_ddi_T1",
"arg2_id": "Icosapent_ddi_T4",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Icosapent_ddi_R4",
"type": "INT",
"arg1_id": "Icosapent_ddi_T1",
"arg2_id": "Icosapent_ddi_T5",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Mefenamic acid_ddi | Mefenamic acid_ddi | [
{
"id": "Mefenamic acid_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Aspirin: As with other NSAIDs, concomitant administration of Ponstel and aspirin is not generally recommended because of the potential of increased adverse effects. Methotrexate: NSAIDs have been reported to competitively inhibit methotrexate accumulation in rabbit kidney slices. This may indicate that they could enhance the toxicity of methotrexate. Caution should be used when NSAIDs are administered concomitantly with methotrexate. ACE inhibitors: Reports suggest that NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors. This interaction should be given consideration in patients taking NSAIDs concomitantly with ACE inhibitors. Furosemide: Clinical studies, as well as post-marketing observations, have shown that NSAIDs can reduce the natriuretic effect of furosemide and thiazides in some patients. This response has been attributed to inhibition of renal prostaglandin synthesis. During concomitant therapy of Ponstel with furosemide, the patient should be observed closely for signs of renal failure, as well as to assure diuretic efficacy. Lithium: NSAIDs have produced an elevation of plasma lithium levels and a reduction in renal lithium clearance. The mean minimum lithium concentration increased 15% and the renal clearance was decreased by approximately 20%. These effects have been attributed to inhibition of renal prostaglandin synthesis by the NSAID. Thus, when NSAIDs and lithium are administered concurrently, subjects should be observed carefully for signs of lithium toxicity. Warfarin: The effects of warfarin and NSAIDs on GI bleeding are synergistic, such that users of both drugs together have a risk of serious GI bleeding higher than users of either drug alone. Antacids: In a single dose study (n=6), ingestion of an antacid containing 1.7-gram of magnesium hydroxide with 500-mg of mefenamic acid increased the Cmax and AUC of mefenamic acid by 125% and 36%, respectively. A number of compounds are inhibitors of CYP2C9 including fluconazole, lovastatin and trimethoprim. Drug interaction studies of mefenamic acid and these compounds have not been conducted. The possibility of altered safety and efficacy should be considered when Ponstel is used concomitantly with these drugs."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2230
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Mefenamic acid_ddi_T1",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"Aspirin"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
7
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Mefenamic acid_ddi_T2",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"NSAIDs"
],
"offsets": [
[
23,
29
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Mefenamic acid_ddi_T3",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"Ponstel"
],
"offsets": [
[
61,
68
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Mefenamic acid_ddi_T4",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"aspirin"
],
"offsets": [
[
73,
80
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Mefenamic acid_ddi_T5",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Methotrexate"
],
"offsets": [
[
165,
177
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Mefenamic acid_ddi_T6",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"NSAIDs"
],
"offsets": [
[
179,
185
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Mefenamic acid_ddi_T7",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"methotrexate"
],
"offsets": [
[
230,
242
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Mefenamic acid_ddi_T8",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"methotrexate"
],
"offsets": [
[
339,
351
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Mefenamic acid_ddi_T9",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"NSAIDs"
],
"offsets": [
[
381,
387
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Mefenamic acid_ddi_T10",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"methotrexate"
],
"offsets": [
[
424,
436
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Mefenamic acid_ddi_T11",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"ACE inhibitors"
],
"offsets": [
[
438,
452
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Mefenamic acid_ddi_T12",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"NSAIDs"
],
"offsets": [
[
475,
481
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Mefenamic acid_ddi_T13",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"ACE inhibitors"
],
"offsets": [
[
526,
540
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Mefenamic acid_ddi_T14",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"NSAIDs"
],
"offsets": [
[
608,
614
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Mefenamic acid_ddi_T15",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"ACE inhibitors"
],
"offsets": [
[
634,
648
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Mefenamic acid_ddi_T16",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Furosemide"
],
"offsets": [
[
650,
660
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Mefenamic acid_ddi_T17",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"NSAIDs"
],
"offsets": [
[
736,
742
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Mefenamic acid_ddi_T18",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"furosemide"
],
"offsets": [
[
780,
790
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Mefenamic acid_ddi_T19",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"thiazides"
],
"offsets": [
[
795,
804
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Mefenamic acid_ddi_T20",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"Ponstel"
],
"offsets": [
[
935,
942
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Mefenamic acid_ddi_T21",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"furosemide"
],
"offsets": [
[
948,
958
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Mefenamic acid_ddi_T22",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Lithium"
],
"offsets": [
[
1067,
1074
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Mefenamic acid_ddi_T23",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"NSAIDs"
],
"offsets": [
[
1076,
1082
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Mefenamic acid_ddi_T24",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"lithium"
],
"offsets": [
[
1120,
1127
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Mefenamic acid_ddi_T25",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"lithium"
],
"offsets": [
[
1160,
1167
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Mefenamic acid_ddi_T26",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"lithium"
],
"offsets": [
[
1196,
1203
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Mefenamic acid_ddi_T27",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"NSAID"
],
"offsets": [
[
1381,
1386
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Mefenamic acid_ddi_T28",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"NSAIDs"
],
"offsets": [
[
1399,
1405
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Mefenamic acid_ddi_T29",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"lithium"
],
"offsets": [
[
1410,
1417
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Mefenamic acid_ddi_T30",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"lithium"
],
"offsets": [
[
1500,
1507
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Mefenamic acid_ddi_T31",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Warfarin"
],
"offsets": [
[
1518,
1526
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Mefenamic acid_ddi_T32",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"warfarin"
],
"offsets": [
[
1543,
1551
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Mefenamic acid_ddi_T33",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"NSAIDs"
],
"offsets": [
[
1556,
1562
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Mefenamic acid_ddi_T34",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Antacids"
],
"offsets": [
[
1709,
1717
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Mefenamic acid_ddi_T35",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"antacid"
],
"offsets": [
[
1765,
1772
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Mefenamic acid_ddi_T36",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"magnesium hydroxide"
],
"offsets": [
[
1796,
1815
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Mefenamic acid_ddi_T37",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"mefenamic acid"
],
"offsets": [
[
1831,
1845
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Mefenamic acid_ddi_T38",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"mefenamic acid"
],
"offsets": [
[
1876,
1890
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Mefenamic acid_ddi_T39",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"fluconazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
1980,
1991
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Mefenamic acid_ddi_T40",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"lovastatin"
],
"offsets": [
[
1993,
2003
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Mefenamic acid_ddi_T41",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"trimethoprim"
],
"offsets": [
[
2008,
2020
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Mefenamic acid_ddi_T42",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"mefenamic acid"
],
"offsets": [
[
2050,
2064
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Mefenamic acid_ddi_T43",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"Ponstel"
],
"offsets": [
[
2183,
2190
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"id": "Mefenamic acid_ddi_R1",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Mefenamic acid_ddi_T2",
"arg2_id": "Mefenamic acid_ddi_T4",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Mefenamic acid_ddi_R2",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Mefenamic acid_ddi_T3",
"arg2_id": "Mefenamic acid_ddi_T4",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Mefenamic acid_ddi_R3",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Mefenamic acid_ddi_T6",
"arg2_id": "Mefenamic acid_ddi_T7",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Mefenamic acid_ddi_R4",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Mefenamic acid_ddi_T9",
"arg2_id": "Mefenamic acid_ddi_T10",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Mefenamic acid_ddi_R5",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Mefenamic acid_ddi_T12",
"arg2_id": "Mefenamic acid_ddi_T13",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Mefenamic acid_ddi_R6",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Mefenamic acid_ddi_T14",
"arg2_id": "Mefenamic acid_ddi_T15",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Mefenamic acid_ddi_R7",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Mefenamic acid_ddi_T17",
"arg2_id": "Mefenamic acid_ddi_T18",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Mefenamic acid_ddi_R8",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Mefenamic acid_ddi_T17",
"arg2_id": "Mefenamic acid_ddi_T19",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Mefenamic acid_ddi_R9",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Mefenamic acid_ddi_T20",
"arg2_id": "Mefenamic acid_ddi_T21",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Mefenamic acid_ddi_R10",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Mefenamic acid_ddi_T23",
"arg2_id": "Mefenamic acid_ddi_T24",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Mefenamic acid_ddi_R11",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Mefenamic acid_ddi_T23",
"arg2_id": "Mefenamic acid_ddi_T25",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Mefenamic acid_ddi_R12",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Mefenamic acid_ddi_T28",
"arg2_id": "Mefenamic acid_ddi_T29",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Mefenamic acid_ddi_R13",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Mefenamic acid_ddi_T32",
"arg2_id": "Mefenamic acid_ddi_T33",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Mefenamic acid_ddi_R14",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Mefenamic acid_ddi_T36",
"arg2_id": "Mefenamic acid_ddi_T37",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Cyclopentolate_ddi | Cyclopentolate_ddi | [
{
"id": "Cyclopentolate_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Cyclopentolate may interfere with the anti-glaucoma action of carbachol or pilocarpine; also, concurrent use of this medication may antagonise the anti-glaucoma and miotic actions of ophthalmic cholinesterase inhibitors."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
220
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Cyclopentolate_ddi_T1",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Cyclopentolate"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
14
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cyclopentolate_ddi_T2",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"carbachol"
],
"offsets": [
[
62,
71
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cyclopentolate_ddi_T3",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"pilocarpine"
],
"offsets": [
[
75,
86
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cyclopentolate_ddi_T4",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"cholinesterase inhibitors"
],
"offsets": [
[
194,
219
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"id": "Cyclopentolate_ddi_R1",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Cyclopentolate_ddi_T1",
"arg2_id": "Cyclopentolate_ddi_T2",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cyclopentolate_ddi_R2",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Cyclopentolate_ddi_T1",
"arg2_id": "Cyclopentolate_ddi_T3",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Ardeparin_ddi | Ardeparin_ddi | [
{
"id": "Ardeparin_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Anticoagulants including coumarin derivatives, indandione derivatives, and platelet aggregation inhibitors such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and aspirin may increase the risk of bleeding when administered concomitantly with ardeparin."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
255
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Ardeparin_ddi_T1",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Anticoagulants"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
14
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ardeparin_ddi_T2",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"platelet aggregation inhibitors"
],
"offsets": [
[
75,
106
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ardeparin_ddi_T3",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs"
],
"offsets": [
[
115,
151
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ardeparin_ddi_T4",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"NSAIDs"
],
"offsets": [
[
153,
159
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ardeparin_ddi_T5",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"aspirin"
],
"offsets": [
[
166,
173
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ardeparin_ddi_T6",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"ardeparin"
],
"offsets": [
[
245,
254
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"id": "Ardeparin_ddi_R1",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Ardeparin_ddi_T1",
"arg2_id": "Ardeparin_ddi_T6",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ardeparin_ddi_R2",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Ardeparin_ddi_T2",
"arg2_id": "Ardeparin_ddi_T6",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ardeparin_ddi_R3",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Ardeparin_ddi_T3",
"arg2_id": "Ardeparin_ddi_T6",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ardeparin_ddi_R4",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Ardeparin_ddi_T4",
"arg2_id": "Ardeparin_ddi_T6",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ardeparin_ddi_R5",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Ardeparin_ddi_T5",
"arg2_id": "Ardeparin_ddi_T6",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Altretamine_ddi | Altretamine_ddi | [
{
"id": "Altretamine_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Concurrent administration of HEXALEN and antidepressants of the MAO inhibitor class may cause severe orthostatic hypotension.Cimetidine, an inhibitor of microsomal drug metabolism, increased altretamines half-life and toxicity in a rat model. Data from a randomized trial of HEXALEN and cisplatin plus or minus pyridoxine in ovarian cancer indicated that pyridoxine significantly reduced neurotoxicity; however, it adversely affected response duration suggesting that pyridoxine should not be administered with HEXALEN and/or cisplatin.1"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
537
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Altretamine_ddi_T1",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"HEXALEN"
],
"offsets": [
[
29,
36
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Altretamine_ddi_T2",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"antidepressants of the MAO inhibitor class"
],
"offsets": [
[
41,
83
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Altretamine_ddi_T3",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Cimetidine"
],
"offsets": [
[
125,
135
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Altretamine_ddi_T4",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"altretamine"
],
"offsets": [
[
191,
202
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Altretamine_ddi_T5",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"HEXALEN"
],
"offsets": [
[
275,
282
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Altretamine_ddi_T6",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"cisplatin"
],
"offsets": [
[
287,
296
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Altretamine_ddi_T7",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"pyridoxine"
],
"offsets": [
[
311,
321
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Altretamine_ddi_T8",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"pyridoxine"
],
"offsets": [
[
355,
365
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Altretamine_ddi_T9",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"pyridoxine"
],
"offsets": [
[
468,
478
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Altretamine_ddi_T10",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"HEXALEN"
],
"offsets": [
[
511,
518
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Altretamine_ddi_T11",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"cisplatin"
],
"offsets": [
[
526,
535
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"id": "Altretamine_ddi_R1",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Altretamine_ddi_T1",
"arg2_id": "Altretamine_ddi_T2",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Altretamine_ddi_R2",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Altretamine_ddi_T3",
"arg2_id": "Altretamine_ddi_T4",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Altretamine_ddi_R3",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Altretamine_ddi_T5",
"arg2_id": "Altretamine_ddi_T6",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Altretamine_ddi_R4",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Altretamine_ddi_T9",
"arg2_id": "Altretamine_ddi_T10",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Altretamine_ddi_R5",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Altretamine_ddi_T9",
"arg2_id": "Altretamine_ddi_T11",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Leucovorin_ddi | Leucovorin_ddi | [
{
"id": "Leucovorin_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Folic acid in large amounts may counteract the antiepileptic effect of phenobarbital, phenytoin and primidone, and increase the frequency of seizures in susceptible pediatric patients. Preliminary animal and human studies have shown that small quantities of systemically administered leucovorin enter the CSF primarily as 5-methyltetrahydro-folate and, in humans, remain 1 to 3 orders of magnitude lower than the usual methotrexate concentrations following intrathecal administration. However, high doses of leucovorin may reduce the efficacy of intrathecally administered methotrexate. Leucovorin may enhance the toxicity of 5-fluorouracil."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
641
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Leucovorin_ddi_T1",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Folic acid"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
10
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Leucovorin_ddi_T2",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"phenobarbital"
],
"offsets": [
[
71,
84
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Leucovorin_ddi_T3",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"phenytoin"
],
"offsets": [
[
86,
95
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Leucovorin_ddi_T4",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"primidone"
],
"offsets": [
[
100,
109
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Leucovorin_ddi_T5",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"leucovorin"
],
"offsets": [
[
284,
294
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Leucovorin_ddi_T6",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"methotrexate"
],
"offsets": [
[
419,
431
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Leucovorin_ddi_T7",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"leucovorin"
],
"offsets": [
[
508,
518
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Leucovorin_ddi_T8",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"methotrexate"
],
"offsets": [
[
573,
585
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Leucovorin_ddi_T9",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Leucovorin"
],
"offsets": [
[
587,
597
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Leucovorin_ddi_T10",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"5-fluorouracil"
],
"offsets": [
[
626,
640
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"id": "Leucovorin_ddi_R1",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Leucovorin_ddi_T1",
"arg2_id": "Leucovorin_ddi_T2",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Leucovorin_ddi_R2",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Leucovorin_ddi_T1",
"arg2_id": "Leucovorin_ddi_T3",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Leucovorin_ddi_R3",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Leucovorin_ddi_T1",
"arg2_id": "Leucovorin_ddi_T4",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Leucovorin_ddi_R4",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Leucovorin_ddi_T7",
"arg2_id": "Leucovorin_ddi_T8",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Leucovorin_ddi_R5",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Leucovorin_ddi_T9",
"arg2_id": "Leucovorin_ddi_T10",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Levetiracetam_ddi | Levetiracetam_ddi | [
{
"id": "Levetiracetam_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"in vitro data on metabolic interactions indicate that Keppra is unlikely to produce, or be subject to, pharmacokinetic interactions. Levetiracetam and its major metabolite, at concentrations well above cmax levels achieved within the therapeutic dose range, are neither inhibitors of nor high affinity substrates for human liver cytochrome P450 isoforms, epoxide hydrolase or UDP-glucuronidation enzymes. In addition, levetiracetam does not affect the in vitro glucuronidation of valproic acid. Levetiracetam circulates largely unbound ( 10% bound) to plasma proteins; clinically significant interactions with other drugs through competition for protein binding sites are therefore unlikely. Potential pharmacokinetic interactions were assessed in clinical pharmacokinetic studies (phenytoin, valproate, oral contraceptive, digoxin, warfarin, probenecid) and through pharmacokinetic screening in the placebo-controlled clinical studies in epilepsy patients. Drug-Drug Interactions Between Keppra And Other Antiepileptic Drugs (AEDs) Phenytoin Keppra (3000 mg daily) had no effect on the pharmacokinetic disposition of phenytoin in patients with refractory epilepsy. Pharmacokinetics of levetiracetam were also not affected by phenytoin. Valproate Keppra (1500 mg twice daily) did not alter the pharmacokinetics of valproate in healthy volunteers. Valproate 500 mg twice daily did not modify the rate or extent of levetiracetam absorption or its plasma clearance or urinary excretion. There also was no effect on exposure to and the excretion of the primary metabolite, ucb L057. Potential drug interactions between Keppra and other AEDs (carbamazepine, gabapentin, lamotrigine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, primidone and valproate) were also assessed by evaluating the serum concentrations of levetiracetam and these AEDs during placebo-controlled clinical studies. These data indicate that levetiracetam does not influence the plasma concentration of other AEDs and that these AEDs do not influence the pharmacokinetics of levetiracetam. Effect of AEDs in Pediatric Patients There was about a 22% increase of apparent total body clearance of levetiracetam when it was co-administered with enzyme-inducing AEDs. Dose adjustment is not recommended.Levetiracetam had no effect on plasma concentrations of carbamazepine, valproate, topiramate, or lamotrigine. Other Drug Interactions Oral Contraceptives Keppra (500 mg twice daily) did not influence the pharmacokinetics of an oral contraceptive containing 0.03 mg ethinyl estradiol and 0.15 mg levonorgestrel, or of the luteinizing hormone and progesterone levels, indicating that impairment of contraceptive efficacy is unlikely. Coadministration of this oral contraceptive did not influence the pharmacokinetics of levetiracetam. Digoxin Keppra (1000 mg twice daily) did not influence the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (ECG) of digoxin given as a 0.25 mg dose every day. Coadministration of digoxin did not influence the pharmacokinetics of levetiracetam. Warfarin Keppra (1000 mg twice daily) did not influence the pharmacokinetics of R and S warfarin. Prothrombin time was not affected by levetiracetam. Coadministration of warfarin did not affect the pharmacokinetics of levetiracetam. Probenecid: Probenecid, a renal tubular secretion blocking agent, administered at a dose of 500 mg four times a day, did not change the pharmacokinetics of levetiracetam 1000 mg twice daily. Cssmax of the metabolite, ucb L057, was approximately doubled in the presence of probenecid while the fraction of drug excreted unchanged in the urine remained the same. Renal clearance of ucb L057 in the presence of probenecid decreased 60%, probably related to competitive inhibition of tubular secretion of ucb L057. The effect of Keppra on probenecid was not studied."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
3815
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Levetiracetam_ddi_T1",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"Keppra"
],
"offsets": [
[
54,
60
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levetiracetam_ddi_T2",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Levetiracetam"
],
"offsets": [
[
134,
147
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levetiracetam_ddi_T3",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"levetiracetam"
],
"offsets": [
[
419,
432
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levetiracetam_ddi_T4",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"valproic acid"
],
"offsets": [
[
481,
494
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levetiracetam_ddi_T5",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Levetiracetam"
],
"offsets": [
[
496,
509
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levetiracetam_ddi_T6",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"phenytoin"
],
"offsets": [
[
783,
792
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levetiracetam_ddi_T7",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"valproate"
],
"offsets": [
[
794,
803
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levetiracetam_ddi_T8",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"contraceptive"
],
"offsets": [
[
810,
823
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levetiracetam_ddi_T9",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"digoxin"
],
"offsets": [
[
825,
832
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levetiracetam_ddi_T10",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"warfarin"
],
"offsets": [
[
834,
842
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levetiracetam_ddi_T11",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"probenecid"
],
"offsets": [
[
844,
854
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levetiracetam_ddi_T12",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"Keppra"
],
"offsets": [
[
990,
996
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levetiracetam_ddi_T13",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Antiepileptic Drugs"
],
"offsets": [
[
1008,
1027
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levetiracetam_ddi_T14",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"AEDs"
],
"offsets": [
[
1029,
1033
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levetiracetam_ddi_T15",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Phenytoin"
],
"offsets": [
[
1035,
1044
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levetiracetam_ddi_T16",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"Keppra"
],
"offsets": [
[
1045,
1051
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levetiracetam_ddi_T17",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"phenytoin"
],
"offsets": [
[
1121,
1130
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levetiracetam_ddi_T18",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"levetiracetam"
],
"offsets": [
[
1189,
1202
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levetiracetam_ddi_T19",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"phenytoin"
],
"offsets": [
[
1229,
1238
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levetiracetam_ddi_T20",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Valproate"
],
"offsets": [
[
1240,
1249
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levetiracetam_ddi_T21",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"Keppra"
],
"offsets": [
[
1250,
1256
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levetiracetam_ddi_T22",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"valproate"
],
"offsets": [
[
1318,
1327
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levetiracetam_ddi_T23",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Valproate"
],
"offsets": [
[
1351,
1360
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levetiracetam_ddi_T24",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"levetiracetam"
],
"offsets": [
[
1417,
1430
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levetiracetam_ddi_T25",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"Keppra"
],
"offsets": [
[
1619,
1625
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levetiracetam_ddi_T26",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"AEDs"
],
"offsets": [
[
1637,
1641
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levetiracetam_ddi_T27",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"carbamazepine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1643,
1656
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levetiracetam_ddi_T28",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"gabapentin"
],
"offsets": [
[
1658,
1668
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levetiracetam_ddi_T29",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"lamotrigine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1670,
1681
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levetiracetam_ddi_T30",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"phenobarbital"
],
"offsets": [
[
1683,
1696
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levetiracetam_ddi_T31",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"phenytoin"
],
"offsets": [
[
1698,
1707
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levetiracetam_ddi_T32",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"primidone"
],
"offsets": [
[
1709,
1718
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levetiracetam_ddi_T33",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"valproate"
],
"offsets": [
[
1723,
1732
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levetiracetam_ddi_T34",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"levetiracetam"
],
"offsets": [
[
1795,
1808
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levetiracetam_ddi_T35",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"AEDs"
],
"offsets": [
[
1819,
1823
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levetiracetam_ddi_T36",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"levetiracetam"
],
"offsets": [
[
1893,
1906
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levetiracetam_ddi_T37",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"AEDs"
],
"offsets": [
[
1960,
1964
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levetiracetam_ddi_T38",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"AEDs"
],
"offsets": [
[
1980,
1984
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levetiracetam_ddi_T39",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"levetiracetam"
],
"offsets": [
[
2026,
2039
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levetiracetam_ddi_T40",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"AEDs"
],
"offsets": [
[
2051,
2055
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levetiracetam_ddi_T41",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"levetiracetam"
],
"offsets": [
[
2145,
2158
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levetiracetam_ddi_T42",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"AEDs"
],
"offsets": [
[
2208,
2212
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levetiracetam_ddi_T43",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Levetiracetam"
],
"offsets": [
[
2249,
2262
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levetiracetam_ddi_T44",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"carbamazepine"
],
"offsets": [
[
2305,
2318
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levetiracetam_ddi_T45",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"valproate"
],
"offsets": [
[
2320,
2329
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levetiracetam_ddi_T46",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"topiramate"
],
"offsets": [
[
2331,
2341
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levetiracetam_ddi_T47",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"lamotrigine"
],
"offsets": [
[
2346,
2357
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levetiracetam_ddi_T48",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Contraceptives"
],
"offsets": [
[
2388,
2402
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levetiracetam_ddi_T49",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"Keppra"
],
"offsets": [
[
2403,
2409
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levetiracetam_ddi_T50",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"contraceptive"
],
"offsets": [
[
2482,
2495
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levetiracetam_ddi_T51",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"ethinyl estradiol"
],
"offsets": [
[
2515,
2532
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levetiracetam_ddi_T52",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"levonorgestrel"
],
"offsets": [
[
2545,
2559
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levetiracetam_ddi_T53",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"contraceptive"
],
"offsets": [
[
2712,
2725
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levetiracetam_ddi_T54",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"levetiracetam"
],
"offsets": [
[
2768,
2781
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levetiracetam_ddi_T55",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Digoxin"
],
"offsets": [
[
2783,
2790
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levetiracetam_ddi_T56",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"Keppra"
],
"offsets": [
[
2791,
2797
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levetiracetam_ddi_T57",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"digoxin"
],
"offsets": [
[
2890,
2897
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levetiracetam_ddi_T58",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"digoxin"
],
"offsets": [
[
2953,
2960
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levetiracetam_ddi_T59",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"levetiracetam"
],
"offsets": [
[
3003,
3016
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levetiracetam_ddi_T60",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Warfarin"
],
"offsets": [
[
3018,
3026
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levetiracetam_ddi_T61",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"Keppra"
],
"offsets": [
[
3027,
3033
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levetiracetam_ddi_T62",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"R",
"warfarin"
],
"offsets": [
[
3099,
3100
],
[
3107,
3115
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levetiracetam_ddi_T63",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"S warfarin"
],
"offsets": [
[
3105,
3115
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levetiracetam_ddi_T64",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"levetiracetam"
],
"offsets": [
[
3154,
3167
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levetiracetam_ddi_T65",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"warfarin"
],
"offsets": [
[
3189,
3197
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levetiracetam_ddi_T66",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"levetiracetam"
],
"offsets": [
[
3237,
3250
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levetiracetam_ddi_T67",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Probenecid"
],
"offsets": [
[
3252,
3262
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levetiracetam_ddi_T68",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Probenecid"
],
"offsets": [
[
3264,
3274
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levetiracetam_ddi_T69",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"levetiracetam"
],
"offsets": [
[
3408,
3421
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levetiracetam_ddi_T70",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"probenecid"
],
"offsets": [
[
3524,
3534
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levetiracetam_ddi_T71",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"probenecid"
],
"offsets": [
[
3660,
3670
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levetiracetam_ddi_T72",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"Keppra"
],
"offsets": [
[
3777,
3783
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Levetiracetam_ddi_T73",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"probenecid"
],
"offsets": [
[
3788,
3798
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"id": "Levetiracetam_ddi_R1",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Levetiracetam_ddi_T41",
"arg2_id": "Levetiracetam_ddi_T42",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Chlorzoxazone_ddi | Chlorzoxazone_ddi | [
{
"id": "Chlorzoxazone_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"The concomitant use of alcohol or other central nervous system depressants may have an additive effect."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
103
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Chlorzoxazone_ddi_T1",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"alcohol"
],
"offsets": [
[
23,
30
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Chlorzoxazone_ddi_T2",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"central nervous system depressants"
],
"offsets": [
[
40,
74
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
Dexamethasone_ddi | Dexamethasone_ddi | [
{
"id": "Dexamethasone_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Aminoglutethimide: Aminoglutethimide may diminish adrenal suppression by corticosteroids. Amphotericin B injection and potassium-depleting agents: When corticosteroids are administered concomitantly with potassium-depleting agents (e.g., amphotericin B, diuretics), patients should be observed closely for development of hypokalemia. In addition, there have been cases reported in which concomitant use of amphotericin B and hydrocortisone was followed by cardiac enlargement and congestive heart failure. Antibiotics: Macrolide antibiotics have been reported to cause a significant decrease in corticosteroid clearance. Anticholinesterases: Concomitant use of anticholinesterase agents and corticosteroids may produce severe weakness in patients with myasthenia gravis. If possible, anticholinesterase agents should be withdrawn at least 24 hours before initiating corticosteroid therapy. Anticoagulants, oral: Co-administration of corticosteroids and warfarin usually results in inhibition of response to warfarin, although there have been some conflicting reports. Therefore, coagulation indices should be monitored frequently to maintain the desired anticoagulant effect. Antidiabetics: Because corticosteroids may increase blood glucose concentrations, dosage adjustments of antidiabetic agents may be required. Antitubercular drugs: Serum concentrations of isoniazid may be decreased. Cholestyramine: Cholestyramine may increase the clearance of corticosteroids. Cyclosporine: Increased activity of both cyclosporine and corticosteroids may occur when the two are used concurrently. Convulsions have been reported with this concurrent use. Dexamethasone suppression test (DST): False-negative results in the dexamethasone suppression test (DST) in patients being treated with indomethacin have been reported. Thus, results of the DST should be interpreted with caution in these patients. Digitalis glycosides: Patients on digitalis glycosides may be at increased risk of arrhythmias due to hypokalemia. Ephedrine: Ephedrine may enhance the metabolic clearance of corticosteroids, resulting in decreased blood levels and lessened physiologic activity, thus requiring an increase in corticosteroid dosage. Estrogens, including oral contraceptives: Estrogens may decrease the hepatic metabolism of certain corticosteroids, thereby increasing their effect. Hepatic Enzyme Inducers, Inhibitors and Substrates: Drugs which induce cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP 3A4) enzyme activity (e.g., barbiturates, phenytoin, carbamazepine, rifampin) may enhance the metabolism of corticosteroids and require that the dosage of the corticosteroid be increased. Drugs which inhibit CYP 3A4 (e.g., ketoconazole, macrolide antibiotics such as erythromycin) have the potential to result in increased plasma concentrations of corticosteroids. Dexamethasone is a moderate inducer of CYP 3A4. Co-administration with other drugs that are metabolized by CYP 3A4 (e.g., indinavir, erythromycin) may increase their clearance, resulting in decreased plasma concentration. Ketoconazole: Ketoconazole has been reported to decrease the metabolism of certain corticosteroids by up to 60%, leading to increased risk of corticosteroid side effects. In addition, ketoconazole alone can inhibit adrenal corticosteroid synthesis and may cause adrenal insufficiency during corticosteroid withdrawal. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDS): Concomitant use of aspirin (or other nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents) and corticosteroids increases the risk of gastrointestinal side effects. Aspirin should be used cautiously in conjunction with corticosteroids in hypoprothrombinemia. The clearance of salicylates may be increased with concurrent use of corticosteroids. Phenytoin: In post-marketing experience, there have been reports of both increases and decreases in phenytoin levels with dexamethasone co-administration, leading to alterations in seizure control. Skin tests: Corticosteroids may suppress reactions to skin tests. Thalidomide: Co-administration with thalidomide should be employed cautiously, as toxic epidermal necrolysis has been reported with concomitant use. Vaccines: Patients on corticosteroid therapy may exhibit a diminished response to toxoids and live or inactivated vaccines due to inhibition of antibody response. Corticosteroids may also potentiate the replication of some organisms contained in live attenuated vaccines. Routine administration of vaccines or toxoids should be deferred until corticosteroid therapy is discontinued if possible."
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] | [] | [] | [
{
"id": "Dexamethasone_ddi_R1",
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{
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{
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{
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},
{
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},
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"id": "Dexamethasone_ddi_R8",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Dexamethasone_ddi_T19",
"arg2_id": "Dexamethasone_ddi_T20",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dexamethasone_ddi_R9",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Dexamethasone_ddi_T23",
"arg2_id": "Dexamethasone_ddi_T24",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dexamethasone_ddi_R10",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Dexamethasone_ddi_T27",
"arg2_id": "Dexamethasone_ddi_T28",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dexamethasone_ddi_R11",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Dexamethasone_ddi_T30",
"arg2_id": "Dexamethasone_ddi_T31",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dexamethasone_ddi_R12",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Dexamethasone_ddi_T36",
"arg2_id": "Dexamethasone_ddi_T37",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dexamethasone_ddi_R13",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Dexamethasone_ddi_T41",
"arg2_id": "Dexamethasone_ddi_T42",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dexamethasone_ddi_R14",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Dexamethasone_ddi_T43",
"arg2_id": "Dexamethasone_ddi_T47",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dexamethasone_ddi_R15",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Dexamethasone_ddi_T44",
"arg2_id": "Dexamethasone_ddi_T47",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dexamethasone_ddi_R16",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Dexamethasone_ddi_T45",
"arg2_id": "Dexamethasone_ddi_T47",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dexamethasone_ddi_R17",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Dexamethasone_ddi_T46",
"arg2_id": "Dexamethasone_ddi_T47",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dexamethasone_ddi_R18",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Dexamethasone_ddi_T49",
"arg2_id": "Dexamethasone_ddi_T52",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dexamethasone_ddi_R19",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Dexamethasone_ddi_T50",
"arg2_id": "Dexamethasone_ddi_T52",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dexamethasone_ddi_R20",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Dexamethasone_ddi_T51",
"arg2_id": "Dexamethasone_ddi_T52",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dexamethasone_ddi_R21",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Dexamethasone_ddi_T57",
"arg2_id": "Dexamethasone_ddi_T58",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dexamethasone_ddi_R22",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Dexamethasone_ddi_T60",
"arg2_id": "Dexamethasone_ddi_T61",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dexamethasone_ddi_R23",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Dexamethasone_ddi_T64",
"arg2_id": "Dexamethasone_ddi_T66",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dexamethasone_ddi_R24",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Dexamethasone_ddi_T65",
"arg2_id": "Dexamethasone_ddi_T66",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dexamethasone_ddi_R25",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Dexamethasone_ddi_T67",
"arg2_id": "Dexamethasone_ddi_T68",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dexamethasone_ddi_R26",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Dexamethasone_ddi_T69",
"arg2_id": "Dexamethasone_ddi_T70",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dexamethasone_ddi_R27",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Dexamethasone_ddi_T72",
"arg2_id": "Dexamethasone_ddi_T73",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dexamethasone_ddi_R28",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Dexamethasone_ddi_T78",
"arg2_id": "Dexamethasone_ddi_T79",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dexamethasone_ddi_R29",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Dexamethasone_ddi_T78",
"arg2_id": "Dexamethasone_ddi_T80",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dexamethasone_ddi_R30",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Dexamethasone_ddi_T81",
"arg2_id": "Dexamethasone_ddi_T82",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dexamethasone_ddi_R31",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Dexamethasone_ddi_T83",
"arg2_id": "Dexamethasone_ddi_T84",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Gemifloxacin_ddi | Gemifloxacin_ddi | [
{
"id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Administration of repeat doses of FACTIVE had no effect on the repeat dose pharmacokinetics of theophylline, digoxin or an ethinylestradiol/levonorgestrol oral contraceptive product in healthy subjects. Concomitant administration of FACTIVE and calcium carbonate, cimetidine, omeprazole, or an estrogen/progesterone oral contraceptive produced minor changes in the pharmacokinetics of gemifloxacin, which were considered to be without clinical significance. Concomitant administration of FACTIVE with probenecid resulted in a 45% increase in systemic exposure to gemifloxacin. FACTIVE had no significant effect on the anticoagulant effect of warfarin in healthy subjects on stable warfarin therapy. However, because some quinolones have been reported to enhance the anticoagulant effects of warfarin or its derivatives in patients, the prothrombin time or other suitable coagulation test should be closely monitored if a quinolone antimicrobial is administered concomitantly with warfarin or its derivatives. Quinolones form chelates with alkaline earth and transition metals. The absorption of oral gemifloxacin is significantly reduced by the concomitant administration of an antacid containing aluminum and magnesium. Magnesium- and/or aluminum-containing antacids, products containing ferrous sulfate (iron), multivitamin preparations containing zinc or other metal cations, or Videx (didanosine) chewable/buffered tablets or the pediatric powder for oral solution should not be taken within 3 hours before or 2 hours after FACTIVE. Sucralfate should not be taken within 2 hours of FACTIVE."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1594
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_T1",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"FACTIVE"
],
"offsets": [
[
34,
41
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_T2",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"theophylline"
],
"offsets": [
[
95,
107
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_T3",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"digoxin"
],
"offsets": [
[
109,
116
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_T4",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"ethinylestradiol"
],
"offsets": [
[
123,
139
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_T5",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"contraceptive product"
],
"offsets": [
[
160,
181
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_T6",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"FACTIVE"
],
"offsets": [
[
233,
240
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_T7",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"calcium carbonate"
],
"offsets": [
[
245,
262
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_T8",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"cimetidine"
],
"offsets": [
[
264,
274
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_T9",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"omeprazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
276,
286
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_T10",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"estrogen"
],
"offsets": [
[
294,
302
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_T11",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"progesterone"
],
"offsets": [
[
303,
315
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_T12",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"contraceptive"
],
"offsets": [
[
321,
334
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_T13",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"gemifloxacin"
],
"offsets": [
[
385,
397
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_T14",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"FACTIVE"
],
"offsets": [
[
488,
495
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_T15",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"probenecid"
],
"offsets": [
[
501,
511
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_T16",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"gemifloxacin"
],
"offsets": [
[
563,
575
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_T17",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"FACTIVE"
],
"offsets": [
[
577,
584
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_T18",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"warfarin"
],
"offsets": [
[
642,
650
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_T19",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"warfarin"
],
"offsets": [
[
681,
689
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_T20",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"quinolones"
],
"offsets": [
[
721,
731
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_T21",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"warfarin"
],
"offsets": [
[
791,
799
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_T22",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"quinolone antimicrobial"
],
"offsets": [
[
921,
944
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_T23",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"warfarin"
],
"offsets": [
[
980,
988
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_T24",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Quinolones"
],
"offsets": [
[
1009,
1019
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_T25",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"gemifloxacin"
],
"offsets": [
[
1100,
1112
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_T26",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"antacid"
],
"offsets": [
[
1178,
1185
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_T27",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"aluminum"
],
"offsets": [
[
1197,
1205
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_T28",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"magnesium"
],
"offsets": [
[
1210,
1219
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_T29",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Magnesium"
],
"offsets": [
[
1221,
1230
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_T30",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"aluminum"
],
"offsets": [
[
1239,
1247
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_T31",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"antacids"
],
"offsets": [
[
1259,
1267
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_T32",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"ferrous sulfate"
],
"offsets": [
[
1289,
1304
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_T33",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"iron"
],
"offsets": [
[
1306,
1310
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_T34",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"multivitamin preparations"
],
"offsets": [
[
1313,
1338
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_T35",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"zinc"
],
"offsets": [
[
1350,
1354
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_T36",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"Videx"
],
"offsets": [
[
1382,
1387
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_T37",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"didanosine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1389,
1399
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_T38",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"FACTIVE"
],
"offsets": [
[
1528,
1535
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_T39",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Sucralfate"
],
"offsets": [
[
1537,
1547
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_T40",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"FACTIVE"
],
"offsets": [
[
1586,
1593
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_R1",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_T6",
"arg2_id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_T7",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_R2",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_T6",
"arg2_id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_T8",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_R3",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_T6",
"arg2_id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_T9",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_R4",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_T6",
"arg2_id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_T10",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_R5",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_T6",
"arg2_id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_T11",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_R6",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_T6",
"arg2_id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_T12",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_R7",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_T14",
"arg2_id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_T15",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_R8",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_T20",
"arg2_id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_T21",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_R9",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_T22",
"arg2_id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_T23",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_R10",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_T25",
"arg2_id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_T27",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_R11",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_T25",
"arg2_id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_T28",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_R12",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_T29",
"arg2_id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_T38",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_R13",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_T30",
"arg2_id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_T38",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_R14",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_T32",
"arg2_id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_T38",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_R15",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_T33",
"arg2_id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_T38",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_R16",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_T34",
"arg2_id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_T38",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_R17",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_T35",
"arg2_id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_T38",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_R18",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_T36",
"arg2_id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_T38",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_R19",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_T37",
"arg2_id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_T38",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_R20",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_T39",
"arg2_id": "Gemifloxacin_ddi_T40",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Adenosine_ddi | Adenosine_ddi | [
{
"id": "Adenosine_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Intravenous Adenocard (adenosine) has been effectively administered in the presence of other cardioactive drugs, such as quinidine, beta-adrenergic blocking agents, calcium channel blocking agents, and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, without any change in the adverse reaction profile. Digoxin and verapamil use may be rarely associated with ventricular fibrillation when combined with Adenocard. Because of the potential for additive or synergistic depressant effects on the SA and AV nodes, however, Adenocard should be used with caution in the presence of these agents. The use of Adenocard in patients receiving digitalis may be rarely associated with ventricular fibrillation. The effects of adenosine are antagonized by methylxanthines such as caffeine and theophylline. In the presence of these methylxanthines, larger doses of adenosine may be required or adenosine may not be effective. Adenosine effects are potentiated by dipyridamole. Thus, smaller doses of adenosine may be effective in the presence of dipyridamole. Carbamazepine has been reported to increase the degree of heart block produced by other agents. As the primary effect of adenosine is to decrease conduction through the A-V node, higher degrees of heart block may be produced in the presence of carbamazepine."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1298
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Adenosine_ddi_T1",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"Adenocard"
],
"offsets": [
[
12,
21
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adenosine_ddi_T2",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"adenosine"
],
"offsets": [
[
23,
32
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adenosine_ddi_T3",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"quinidine"
],
"offsets": [
[
121,
130
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adenosine_ddi_T4",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"beta-adrenergic blocking agents"
],
"offsets": [
[
132,
163
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adenosine_ddi_T5",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"calcium channel blocking agents"
],
"offsets": [
[
165,
196
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adenosine_ddi_T6",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors"
],
"offsets": [
[
202,
242
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adenosine_ddi_T7",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Digoxin"
],
"offsets": [
[
296,
303
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adenosine_ddi_T8",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"verapamil"
],
"offsets": [
[
308,
317
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adenosine_ddi_T9",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"Adenocard"
],
"offsets": [
[
396,
405
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adenosine_ddi_T10",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"Adenocard"
],
"offsets": [
[
512,
521
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adenosine_ddi_T11",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"Adenocard"
],
"offsets": [
[
594,
603
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adenosine_ddi_T12",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"digitalis"
],
"offsets": [
[
626,
635
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adenosine_ddi_T13",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"adenosine"
],
"offsets": [
[
707,
716
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adenosine_ddi_T14",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"methylxanthines"
],
"offsets": [
[
736,
751
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adenosine_ddi_T15",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"caffeine"
],
"offsets": [
[
760,
768
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adenosine_ddi_T16",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"theophylline"
],
"offsets": [
[
773,
785
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adenosine_ddi_T17",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"methylxanthines"
],
"offsets": [
[
812,
827
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adenosine_ddi_T18",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"adenosine"
],
"offsets": [
[
845,
854
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adenosine_ddi_T19",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"adenosine"
],
"offsets": [
[
874,
883
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adenosine_ddi_T20",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Adenosine"
],
"offsets": [
[
906,
915
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adenosine_ddi_T21",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"dipyridamole"
],
"offsets": [
[
943,
955
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adenosine_ddi_T22",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"adenosine"
],
"offsets": [
[
980,
989
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adenosine_ddi_T23",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"dipyridamole"
],
"offsets": [
[
1026,
1038
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adenosine_ddi_T24",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Carbamazepine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1040,
1053
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adenosine_ddi_T25",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"adenosine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1161,
1170
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adenosine_ddi_T26",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"carbamazepine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1284,
1297
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"id": "Adenosine_ddi_R1",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Adenosine_ddi_T7",
"arg2_id": "Adenosine_ddi_T9",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adenosine_ddi_R2",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Adenosine_ddi_T8",
"arg2_id": "Adenosine_ddi_T9",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adenosine_ddi_R3",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Adenosine_ddi_T11",
"arg2_id": "Adenosine_ddi_T12",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adenosine_ddi_R4",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Adenosine_ddi_T13",
"arg2_id": "Adenosine_ddi_T14",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adenosine_ddi_R5",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Adenosine_ddi_T13",
"arg2_id": "Adenosine_ddi_T15",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adenosine_ddi_R6",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Adenosine_ddi_T13",
"arg2_id": "Adenosine_ddi_T16",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adenosine_ddi_R7",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Adenosine_ddi_T17",
"arg2_id": "Adenosine_ddi_T18",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adenosine_ddi_R8",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Adenosine_ddi_T17",
"arg2_id": "Adenosine_ddi_T19",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adenosine_ddi_R9",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Adenosine_ddi_T20",
"arg2_id": "Adenosine_ddi_T21",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adenosine_ddi_R10",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Adenosine_ddi_T22",
"arg2_id": "Adenosine_ddi_T23",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Adenosine_ddi_R11",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Adenosine_ddi_T25",
"arg2_id": "Adenosine_ddi_T26",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Fosphenytoin_ddi | Fosphenytoin_ddi | [
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"No drugs are known to interfere with the conversion of fosphenytoin to phenytoin. Conversion could be affected by alterations in the level of phosphatase activity, but given the abundance and wide distribution of phosphatases in the body it is unlikely that drugs would affect this activity enough to affect conversion of fosphenytoin to phenytoin. Drugs highly bound to albumin could increase the unbound fraction of fosphenytoin. Although, it is unknown whether this could result in clinically significant effects, caution is advised when administering Cerebyx with other drugs that significantly bind to serum albumin. The pharmacokinetics and protein binding of fosphenytoin, phenytoin, and diazepam were not altered when diazepam and Cerebyx were concurrently administered in single submaximal doses. The most significant drug interactions following administration of Cerebyx are expected to occur with drugs that interact with phenytoin. Phenytoin is extensively bound to serum plasma proteins and is prone to competitive displacement. Phenytoin is metabolized by hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes and is particularly susceptible to inhibitory drug interactions because it is subject to saturable metabolism. Inhibition of metabolism may produce significant increases in circulating phenytoin concentrations and enhance the risk of drug toxicity. Phenytoin is a potent inducer of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes. The most commonly occurring drug interactions are listed below: - Drugs that may increase plasma phenytoin concentrations include: acute alcohol intake, amiodarone, chboramphenicol, chlordiazepoxide, cimetidine, diazepam, dicumarol, disulfiram, estrogens, ethosuximide, fluoxetine, H2-antagonists, halothane, isoniazid, methylphenidate, phenothiazines, phenylbutazone, salicylates, succinimides, sulfonamides, tolbutamide, trazodone . - Drugs that may decrease plasma phenytoin concentrations include: carbamazepine, chronic alcohol abuse, reserpine . - Drugs that may either increase or decrease plasma phenytoin concentrations include: phenobarbital, vaiproic acid, and sodium valproate. Similarly, the effects of phenytoin on phenobarbital, valproic acid and sodium plasma valproate concentrations are unpredictable . - Although not a true drug interaction, tricyclic antidepressants may precipitate seizures in susceptible patients and Cerebyx dosage may need to be adjusted . - Drugs whose efficacy is impaired by phenytoin include: anticoagulants, corticosteroids, coumarin, digitoxin, doxycycline, estrogens, furosemide, oral contraceptives, rifampin, quinidine, theophylline, vitamin D. Monitoring of plasma phenytoin concentrations may be helpful when possible drug interactions are suspected. Drug/Laboratory Test Interactions Phenytoin may decrease serum concentrations of 14. It may also produce artifactually low results in dexamethasone or metyrapone tests. Phenytoin may also cause increased serum concentrations of glucose, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT). Care should be taken when using immunoanalytical methods to measure plasma phenytoin concentrations following Cerebyx administration."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
3155
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T1",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"fosphenytoin"
],
"offsets": [
[
55,
67
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T2",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"phenytoin"
],
"offsets": [
[
71,
80
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T3",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"fosphenytoin"
],
"offsets": [
[
322,
334
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T4",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"phenytoin"
],
"offsets": [
[
338,
347
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T5",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"fosphenytoin"
],
"offsets": [
[
418,
430
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T6",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"Cerebyx"
],
"offsets": [
[
555,
562
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T7",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"fosphenytoin"
],
"offsets": [
[
666,
678
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T8",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"phenytoin"
],
"offsets": [
[
680,
689
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T9",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"diazepam"
],
"offsets": [
[
695,
703
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T10",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"diazepam"
],
"offsets": [
[
726,
734
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T11",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"Cerebyx"
],
"offsets": [
[
739,
746
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T12",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"Cerebyx"
],
"offsets": [
[
873,
880
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T13",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"phenytoin"
],
"offsets": [
[
933,
942
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T14",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Phenytoin"
],
"offsets": [
[
944,
953
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T15",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Phenytoin"
],
"offsets": [
[
1042,
1051
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T16",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"phenytoin"
],
"offsets": [
[
1287,
1296
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T17",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Phenytoin"
],
"offsets": [
[
1351,
1360
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T18",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"phenytoin"
],
"offsets": [
[
1516,
1525
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T19",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"alcohol"
],
"offsets": [
[
1556,
1563
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T20",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"amiodarone"
],
"offsets": [
[
1572,
1582
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T21",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"chlordiazepoxide"
],
"offsets": [
[
1601,
1617
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T22",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"cimetidine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1619,
1629
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T23",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"diazepam"
],
"offsets": [
[
1631,
1639
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T24",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"dicumarol"
],
"offsets": [
[
1641,
1650
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T25",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"disulfiram"
],
"offsets": [
[
1652,
1662
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T26",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"estrogens"
],
"offsets": [
[
1664,
1673
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T27",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"ethosuximide"
],
"offsets": [
[
1675,
1687
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T28",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"fluoxetine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1689,
1699
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T29",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"H2-antagonists"
],
"offsets": [
[
1701,
1715
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T30",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"halothane"
],
"offsets": [
[
1717,
1726
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T31",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"isoniazid"
],
"offsets": [
[
1728,
1737
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T32",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"methylphenidate"
],
"offsets": [
[
1739,
1754
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T33",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"phenothiazines"
],
"offsets": [
[
1756,
1770
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T34",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"phenylbutazone"
],
"offsets": [
[
1772,
1786
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T35",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"salicylates"
],
"offsets": [
[
1788,
1799
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T36",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"succinimides"
],
"offsets": [
[
1801,
1813
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T37",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"sulfonamides"
],
"offsets": [
[
1815,
1827
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T38",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"tolbutamide"
],
"offsets": [
[
1829,
1840
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T39",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"trazodone"
],
"offsets": [
[
1842,
1851
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T40",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"phenytoin"
],
"offsets": [
[
1887,
1896
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T41",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"carbamazepine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1921,
1934
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T42",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"alcohol"
],
"offsets": [
[
1944,
1951
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T43",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"reserpine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1959,
1968
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T44",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"phenytoin"
],
"offsets": [
[
2023,
2032
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T45",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"phenobarbital"
],
"offsets": [
[
2057,
2070
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T46",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"sodium valproate"
],
"offsets": [
[
2091,
2107
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T47",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"phenytoin"
],
"offsets": [
[
2135,
2144
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T48",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"phenobarbital"
],
"offsets": [
[
2148,
2161
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T49",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"valproic acid"
],
"offsets": [
[
2163,
2176
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T50",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"valproate"
],
"offsets": [
[
2195,
2204
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T51",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"tricyclic antidepressants"
],
"offsets": [
[
2280,
2305
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T52",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"Cerebyx"
],
"offsets": [
[
2359,
2366
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T53",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"phenytoin"
],
"offsets": [
[
2438,
2447
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T54",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"anticoagulants"
],
"offsets": [
[
2457,
2471
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T55",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"corticosteroids"
],
"offsets": [
[
2473,
2488
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T56",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"coumarin"
],
"offsets": [
[
2490,
2498
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T57",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"digitoxin"
],
"offsets": [
[
2500,
2509
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T58",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"doxycycline"
],
"offsets": [
[
2511,
2522
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T59",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"estrogens"
],
"offsets": [
[
2524,
2533
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T60",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"furosemide"
],
"offsets": [
[
2535,
2545
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T61",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"contraceptives"
],
"offsets": [
[
2552,
2566
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T62",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"rifampin"
],
"offsets": [
[
2568,
2576
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T63",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"quinidine"
],
"offsets": [
[
2578,
2587
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T64",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"theophylline"
],
"offsets": [
[
2589,
2601
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T65",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"vitamin D"
],
"offsets": [
[
2603,
2612
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T66",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"phenytoin"
],
"offsets": [
[
2635,
2644
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T67",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Phenytoin"
],
"offsets": [
[
2756,
2765
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T68",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Phenytoin"
],
"offsets": [
[
2891,
2900
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T69",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"phenytoin"
],
"offsets": [
[
3097,
3106
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T70",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"Cerebyx"
],
"offsets": [
[
3132,
3139
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_R1",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T18",
"arg2_id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T19",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_R2",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T18",
"arg2_id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T20",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_R3",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T18",
"arg2_id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T21",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_R4",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T18",
"arg2_id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T22",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_R5",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T18",
"arg2_id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T23",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_R6",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T18",
"arg2_id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T24",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_R7",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T18",
"arg2_id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T25",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_R8",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T18",
"arg2_id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T26",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_R9",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T18",
"arg2_id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T27",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_R10",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T18",
"arg2_id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T28",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_R11",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T18",
"arg2_id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T29",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_R12",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T18",
"arg2_id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T30",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_R13",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T18",
"arg2_id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T31",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_R14",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T18",
"arg2_id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T32",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_R15",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T18",
"arg2_id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T33",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_R16",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T18",
"arg2_id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T34",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_R17",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T18",
"arg2_id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T35",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_R18",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T18",
"arg2_id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T36",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_R19",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T18",
"arg2_id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T37",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_R20",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T18",
"arg2_id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T38",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_R21",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T18",
"arg2_id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T39",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_R22",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T40",
"arg2_id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T41",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_R23",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T40",
"arg2_id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T42",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_R24",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T40",
"arg2_id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T43",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_R25",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T44",
"arg2_id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T45",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_R26",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T44",
"arg2_id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T46",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_R27",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T47",
"arg2_id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T48",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_R28",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T47",
"arg2_id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T49",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_R29",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T47",
"arg2_id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T50",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_R30",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T51",
"arg2_id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T52",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_R31",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T53",
"arg2_id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T54",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_R32",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T53",
"arg2_id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T55",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_R33",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T53",
"arg2_id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T56",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_R34",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T53",
"arg2_id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T57",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_R35",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T53",
"arg2_id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T58",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_R36",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T53",
"arg2_id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T59",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_R37",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T53",
"arg2_id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T60",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_R38",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T53",
"arg2_id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T61",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_R39",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T53",
"arg2_id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T62",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_R40",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T53",
"arg2_id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T63",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_R41",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T53",
"arg2_id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T64",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_R42",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T53",
"arg2_id": "Fosphenytoin_ddi_T65",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Amiloride_ddi | Amiloride_ddi | [
{
"id": "Amiloride_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"When amiloride HCl is administered concomitantly with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, the risk of hyperkalemia may be increased. Therefore, if concomitant use of these agents is indicated because of demonstrated hypokalemia, they should be used with caution and with frequent monitoring of serum potassium. Lithium generally should not be given with diuretics because they reduce its renal clearance and add a high risk of lithium toxicity. Read circulars for lithium preparations before use of such concomitant therapy. In some patients, the administration of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent can reduce the diuretic, natriuretic, and antihypertensive effects of loop, potassium-sparing and thiazide diuretics. Therefore, when MIDAMOR and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents are used concomitantly, the patient should be observed closely to determine if the desired effect of the diuretic is obtained. Since indomethacin and potassium-sparing diuretics, including MIDAMOR, may each be associated with increased serum potassium levels, the potential effects on potassium kinetics and renal function should be considered when these agents are administered concurrently."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1190
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Amiloride_ddi_T1",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"amiloride"
],
"offsets": [
[
5,
14
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiloride_ddi_T2",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor"
],
"offsets": [
[
57,
96
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiloride_ddi_T3",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Lithium"
],
"offsets": [
[
319,
326
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiloride_ddi_T4",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"diuretics"
],
"offsets": [
[
362,
371
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiloride_ddi_T5",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"lithium"
],
"offsets": [
[
472,
479
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiloride_ddi_T6",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent"
],
"offsets": [
[
575,
612
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiloride_ddi_T7",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"loop",
"diuretics"
],
"offsets": [
[
683,
687
],
[
720,
729
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiloride_ddi_T8",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"potassium-sparing",
"diuretics"
],
"offsets": [
[
689,
706
],
[
720,
729
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiloride_ddi_T9",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"thiazide diuretics"
],
"offsets": [
[
711,
729
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiloride_ddi_T10",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"MIDAMOR"
],
"offsets": [
[
747,
754
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiloride_ddi_T11",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents"
],
"offsets": [
[
759,
797
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiloride_ddi_T12",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"diuretic"
],
"offsets": [
[
903,
911
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiloride_ddi_T13",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"indomethacin"
],
"offsets": [
[
931,
943
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiloride_ddi_T14",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"potassium-sparing diuretics"
],
"offsets": [
[
948,
975
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiloride_ddi_T15",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"MIDAMOR"
],
"offsets": [
[
987,
994
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"id": "Amiloride_ddi_R1",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Amiloride_ddi_T1",
"arg2_id": "Amiloride_ddi_T2",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiloride_ddi_R2",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Amiloride_ddi_T3",
"arg2_id": "Amiloride_ddi_T4",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiloride_ddi_R3",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Amiloride_ddi_T6",
"arg2_id": "Amiloride_ddi_T7",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiloride_ddi_R4",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Amiloride_ddi_T6",
"arg2_id": "Amiloride_ddi_T8",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiloride_ddi_R5",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Amiloride_ddi_T6",
"arg2_id": "Amiloride_ddi_T9",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiloride_ddi_R6",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Amiloride_ddi_T10",
"arg2_id": "Amiloride_ddi_T11",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiloride_ddi_R7",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Amiloride_ddi_T13",
"arg2_id": "Amiloride_ddi_T14",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Amiloride_ddi_R8",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Amiloride_ddi_T13",
"arg2_id": "Amiloride_ddi_T15",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Nicardipine_ddi | Nicardipine_ddi | [
{
"id": "Nicardipine_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Beta-Blockers: In controlled clinical studies, adrenergic beta-receptor blockers have been frequently administered concomitantly with nicardipine HCl. The combination is well tolerated. Cimetidine: Cimetidine increases nicardipine HCl plasma levels. Patients receiving the two drugs concomitantly should be carefully monitored. Digoxin: Some calcium blockers may increase the concentration of digitalis preparations in the blood. Nicardipine HCl usually does not alter the plasma levels of digoxin, however, serum digoxin levels should be evaluated after concomitant therapy with nicardipine HCl is initiated. Maalox * Coadministration of Maalox TC had no effect on nicardipine HCl absorption. Even though such interactions were not seen during clinical studies with nicardipine HCl, an increased volume of circulating fluids might be required if such an interaction were to occur. Cyclosporine: Concomitant administration of nicardipine and cyclosporine levels. Plasma concentrations of cyclosporine should therefore be closely monitored, and its dosage reduced accordingly, in patients treated with nicardipine. When therapeutic concentrations of furosemide, propranolol, dipyridamole, warfarin, quinidine, or naproxen were added to human plasma (in vitro), the plasma protein binding of nicardipine HCl was not altered."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1322
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Nicardipine_ddi_T1",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Beta-Blockers"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
13
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nicardipine_ddi_T2",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"adrenergic beta-receptor blockers"
],
"offsets": [
[
47,
80
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nicardipine_ddi_T3",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"nicardipine HCl"
],
"offsets": [
[
134,
149
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nicardipine_ddi_T4",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Cimetidine"
],
"offsets": [
[
186,
196
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nicardipine_ddi_T5",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Cimetidine"
],
"offsets": [
[
198,
208
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nicardipine_ddi_T6",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"nicardipine HCl"
],
"offsets": [
[
219,
234
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nicardipine_ddi_T7",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Digoxin"
],
"offsets": [
[
328,
335
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nicardipine_ddi_T8",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"calcium blockers"
],
"offsets": [
[
342,
358
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nicardipine_ddi_T9",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"digitalis preparations"
],
"offsets": [
[
393,
415
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nicardipine_ddi_T10",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Nicardipine HCl"
],
"offsets": [
[
430,
445
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nicardipine_ddi_T11",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"digoxin"
],
"offsets": [
[
490,
497
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nicardipine_ddi_T12",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"digoxin"
],
"offsets": [
[
514,
521
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nicardipine_ddi_T13",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"nicardipine HCl"
],
"offsets": [
[
580,
595
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nicardipine_ddi_T14",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"Maalox"
],
"offsets": [
[
610,
616
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nicardipine_ddi_T15",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"Maalox TC"
],
"offsets": [
[
639,
648
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nicardipine_ddi_T16",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"nicardipine HCl"
],
"offsets": [
[
666,
681
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nicardipine_ddi_T17",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"nicardipine HCl"
],
"offsets": [
[
767,
782
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nicardipine_ddi_T18",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Cyclosporine"
],
"offsets": [
[
882,
894
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nicardipine_ddi_T19",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"nicardipine"
],
"offsets": [
[
926,
937
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nicardipine_ddi_T20",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"cyclosporine"
],
"offsets": [
[
942,
954
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nicardipine_ddi_T21",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"cyclosporine"
],
"offsets": [
[
988,
1000
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nicardipine_ddi_T22",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"nicardipine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1101,
1112
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nicardipine_ddi_T23",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"furosemide"
],
"offsets": [
[
1149,
1159
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nicardipine_ddi_T24",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"propranolol"
],
"offsets": [
[
1161,
1172
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nicardipine_ddi_T25",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"dipyridamole"
],
"offsets": [
[
1174,
1186
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nicardipine_ddi_T26",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"warfarin"
],
"offsets": [
[
1188,
1196
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nicardipine_ddi_T27",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"quinidine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1198,
1207
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nicardipine_ddi_T28",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"naproxen"
],
"offsets": [
[
1212,
1220
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nicardipine_ddi_T29",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"nicardipine HCl"
],
"offsets": [
[
1290,
1305
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"id": "Nicardipine_ddi_R1",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Nicardipine_ddi_T5",
"arg2_id": "Nicardipine_ddi_T6",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nicardipine_ddi_R2",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Nicardipine_ddi_T8",
"arg2_id": "Nicardipine_ddi_T9",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nicardipine_ddi_R3",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Nicardipine_ddi_T12",
"arg2_id": "Nicardipine_ddi_T13",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nicardipine_ddi_R4",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Nicardipine_ddi_T21",
"arg2_id": "Nicardipine_ddi_T22",
"normalized": []
}
] |
L-Arginine_ddi | L-Arginine_ddi | [
{
"id": "L-Arginine_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Cyclosporine - L-arginine may counteract the antinaturetic effect of cyclosporin. Ibuprofen - L-arginine may increase the absorption of ibuprofen if taken concomitantly. Organic nitrates - L-arginine supplements theoretically may potentiate the effects of organic nitrates if taken concomitantly. Sildenafil citrate - Theoretically, L-arginine supplements taken concomitantly with sildenafil citrate, may potentiate the effects of the drug."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
440
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "L-Arginine_ddi_T1",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Cyclosporine"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
12
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "L-Arginine_ddi_T2",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"L-arginine"
],
"offsets": [
[
15,
25
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "L-Arginine_ddi_T3",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"cyclosporin"
],
"offsets": [
[
69,
80
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "L-Arginine_ddi_T4",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Ibuprofen"
],
"offsets": [
[
82,
91
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "L-Arginine_ddi_T5",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"L-arginine"
],
"offsets": [
[
94,
104
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "L-Arginine_ddi_T6",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"ibuprofen"
],
"offsets": [
[
136,
145
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "L-Arginine_ddi_T7",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"nitrates"
],
"offsets": [
[
178,
186
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "L-Arginine_ddi_T8",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"L-arginine"
],
"offsets": [
[
189,
199
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "L-Arginine_ddi_T9",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"nitrates"
],
"offsets": [
[
264,
272
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "L-Arginine_ddi_T10",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Sildenafil citrate"
],
"offsets": [
[
297,
315
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "L-Arginine_ddi_T11",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"L-arginine"
],
"offsets": [
[
333,
343
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "L-Arginine_ddi_T12",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"sildenafil citrate"
],
"offsets": [
[
381,
399
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"id": "L-Arginine_ddi_R1",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "L-Arginine_ddi_T2",
"arg2_id": "L-Arginine_ddi_T3",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "L-Arginine_ddi_R2",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "L-Arginine_ddi_T5",
"arg2_id": "L-Arginine_ddi_T6",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "L-Arginine_ddi_R3",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "L-Arginine_ddi_T8",
"arg2_id": "L-Arginine_ddi_T9",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "L-Arginine_ddi_R4",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "L-Arginine_ddi_T11",
"arg2_id": "L-Arginine_ddi_T12",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Cetirizine_ddi | Cetirizine_ddi | [
{
"id": "Cetirizine_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Pharmacokinetic interaction studies with cetirizine in adults were conducted with pseudoephedrine, antipyrine, ketoconazole, erythromycin and azithromycin. No interactions were observed. In a multiple dose study of theophylline (400 mg once daily for 3 days) and cetirizine (20 mg once daily for 3 days), a 16% decrease in the clearance of cetirizine was observed. The disposition of theophylline was not altered by concomitant cetirizine administration. Drug-Drug Interactions: No clinically significant drug interactions have been found with theophylline at a low dose, azithromycin, pseudoephedrine, ketoconazole, or erythromycin. There was a small decrease in the clearance of cetirizine caused by a 400-mg dose of theophylline; it is possible that larger theophylline doses could have a greater effect."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
807
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Cetirizine_ddi_T1",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"cetirizine"
],
"offsets": [
[
41,
51
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cetirizine_ddi_T2",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"pseudoephedrine"
],
"offsets": [
[
82,
97
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cetirizine_ddi_T3",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"antipyrine"
],
"offsets": [
[
99,
109
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cetirizine_ddi_T4",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"ketoconazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
111,
123
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cetirizine_ddi_T5",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"erythromycin"
],
"offsets": [
[
125,
137
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cetirizine_ddi_T6",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"azithromycin"
],
"offsets": [
[
142,
154
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cetirizine_ddi_T7",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"theophylline"
],
"offsets": [
[
215,
227
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cetirizine_ddi_T8",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"cetirizine"
],
"offsets": [
[
263,
273
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cetirizine_ddi_T9",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"cetirizine"
],
"offsets": [
[
340,
350
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cetirizine_ddi_T10",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"theophylline"
],
"offsets": [
[
384,
396
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cetirizine_ddi_T11",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"cetirizine"
],
"offsets": [
[
428,
438
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cetirizine_ddi_T12",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"theophylline"
],
"offsets": [
[
544,
556
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cetirizine_ddi_T13",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"azithromycin"
],
"offsets": [
[
572,
584
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cetirizine_ddi_T14",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"pseudoephedrine"
],
"offsets": [
[
586,
601
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cetirizine_ddi_T15",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"ketoconazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
603,
615
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cetirizine_ddi_T16",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"erythromycin"
],
"offsets": [
[
620,
632
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cetirizine_ddi_T17",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"cetirizine"
],
"offsets": [
[
681,
691
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cetirizine_ddi_T18",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"theophylline"
],
"offsets": [
[
719,
731
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cetirizine_ddi_T19",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"theophylline"
],
"offsets": [
[
760,
772
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"id": "Cetirizine_ddi_R1",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Cetirizine_ddi_T7",
"arg2_id": "Cetirizine_ddi_T8",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cetirizine_ddi_R2",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Cetirizine_ddi_T17",
"arg2_id": "Cetirizine_ddi_T18",
"normalized": []
}
] |
L-Tyrosine_ddi | L-Tyrosine_ddi | [
{
"id": "L-Tyrosine_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Non-selective MAO inhibitors including tranylcypromine sulfate, phenelzine sulfate, and pargyline HC1: Concomitant use of L-tyrosine and non-selective MAO inhibitors may cause hypertension."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
189
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "L-Tyrosine_ddi_T1",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Non-selective MAO inhibitors"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
28
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "L-Tyrosine_ddi_T2",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"tranylcypromine sulfate"
],
"offsets": [
[
39,
62
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "L-Tyrosine_ddi_T3",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"phenelzine sulfate"
],
"offsets": [
[
64,
82
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "L-Tyrosine_ddi_T4",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"pargyline"
],
"offsets": [
[
88,
97
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "L-Tyrosine_ddi_T5",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"L-tyrosine"
],
"offsets": [
[
122,
132
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "L-Tyrosine_ddi_T6",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"MAO inhibitors"
],
"offsets": [
[
151,
165
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"id": "L-Tyrosine_ddi_R1",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "L-Tyrosine_ddi_T5",
"arg2_id": "L-Tyrosine_ddi_T6",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Aspirin_ddi | Aspirin_ddi | [
{
"id": "Aspirin_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Uricosuric Agents: Aspirin may decrease the effects of probenecid, sulfinpyrazone, and phenylbutazone. Alcohol: Has a synergistic effect with aspirin in causing gastrointestinal bleeding. Corticosteroids: Concomitant administration with aspirin may increase the risk of gastrointestinal ulceration and may reduce serum salicylate levels. Pyrazolone Derivatives (phenylbutazone, oxyphenbutazone, and possibly dipyrone): Concomitant administration with aspirin may increase the risk of gastrointestinal ulceration. Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Agents: Aspirin is contraindicated in patients who are hypersensitive to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents. Urinary Alkalinizers: Decrease aspirin effectiveness by increasing the rate of salicylate renal excretion. Phenobarbital: Decreases aspirin effectiveness by enzyme induction. Phenytoin: Serum phenytoin levels may be increased by aspirin. Propranolol: May decrease aspirins anti-inflammatory action by competing for the same receptors. Antacids: Enteric Coated Aspirin should not be given concurrently with antacids, since an increase in the pH of the stomach may effect the enteric coating of the tablets."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1160
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Aspirin_ddi_T1",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Uricosuric Agents"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
17
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aspirin_ddi_T2",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"Aspirin"
],
"offsets": [
[
19,
26
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aspirin_ddi_T3",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"probenecid"
],
"offsets": [
[
55,
65
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aspirin_ddi_T4",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"sulfinpyrazone"
],
"offsets": [
[
67,
81
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aspirin_ddi_T5",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"phenylbutazone"
],
"offsets": [
[
87,
101
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aspirin_ddi_T6",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Alcohol"
],
"offsets": [
[
103,
110
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aspirin_ddi_T7",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"aspirin"
],
"offsets": [
[
142,
149
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aspirin_ddi_T8",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Corticosteroids"
],
"offsets": [
[
188,
203
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aspirin_ddi_T9",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"aspirin"
],
"offsets": [
[
237,
244
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aspirin_ddi_T10",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Pyrazolone Derivatives"
],
"offsets": [
[
338,
360
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aspirin_ddi_T11",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"phenylbutazone"
],
"offsets": [
[
362,
376
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aspirin_ddi_T12",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"oxyphenbutazone"
],
"offsets": [
[
378,
393
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aspirin_ddi_T13",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"dipyrone"
],
"offsets": [
[
408,
416
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aspirin_ddi_T14",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"aspirin"
],
"offsets": [
[
451,
458
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aspirin_ddi_T15",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory"
],
"offsets": [
[
513,
542
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aspirin_ddi_T16",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Aspirin"
],
"offsets": [
[
551,
558
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aspirin_ddi_T17",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory"
],
"offsets": [
[
616,
646
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aspirin_ddi_T18",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"aspirin"
],
"offsets": [
[
686,
693
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aspirin_ddi_T19",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"salicylate"
],
"offsets": [
[
734,
744
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aspirin_ddi_T20",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Phenobarbital"
],
"offsets": [
[
762,
775
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aspirin_ddi_T21",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"aspirin"
],
"offsets": [
[
787,
794
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aspirin_ddi_T22",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Phenytoin"
],
"offsets": [
[
830,
839
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aspirin_ddi_T23",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"phenytoin"
],
"offsets": [
[
847,
856
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aspirin_ddi_T24",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"aspirin"
],
"offsets": [
[
884,
891
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aspirin_ddi_T25",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Propranolol"
],
"offsets": [
[
893,
904
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aspirin_ddi_T26",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"aspirins"
],
"offsets": [
[
919,
927
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aspirin_ddi_T27",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Antacids"
],
"offsets": [
[
990,
998
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aspirin_ddi_T28",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"Aspirin"
],
"offsets": [
[
1015,
1022
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aspirin_ddi_T29",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"antacids"
],
"offsets": [
[
1061,
1069
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"id": "Aspirin_ddi_R1",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Aspirin_ddi_T2",
"arg2_id": "Aspirin_ddi_T3",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aspirin_ddi_R2",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Aspirin_ddi_T2",
"arg2_id": "Aspirin_ddi_T4",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aspirin_ddi_R3",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Aspirin_ddi_T2",
"arg2_id": "Aspirin_ddi_T5",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aspirin_ddi_R4",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Aspirin_ddi_T6",
"arg2_id": "Aspirin_ddi_T7",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aspirin_ddi_R5",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Aspirin_ddi_T8",
"arg2_id": "Aspirin_ddi_T9",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aspirin_ddi_R6",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Aspirin_ddi_T10",
"arg2_id": "Aspirin_ddi_T14",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aspirin_ddi_R7",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Aspirin_ddi_T11",
"arg2_id": "Aspirin_ddi_T14",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aspirin_ddi_R8",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Aspirin_ddi_T12",
"arg2_id": "Aspirin_ddi_T14",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aspirin_ddi_R9",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Aspirin_ddi_T13",
"arg2_id": "Aspirin_ddi_T14",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aspirin_ddi_R10",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Aspirin_ddi_T16",
"arg2_id": "Aspirin_ddi_T17",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aspirin_ddi_R11",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Aspirin_ddi_T20",
"arg2_id": "Aspirin_ddi_T21",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aspirin_ddi_R12",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Aspirin_ddi_T23",
"arg2_id": "Aspirin_ddi_T24",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aspirin_ddi_R13",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Aspirin_ddi_T25",
"arg2_id": "Aspirin_ddi_T26",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aspirin_ddi_R14",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Aspirin_ddi_T28",
"arg2_id": "Aspirin_ddi_T29",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Aminohippurate_ddi | Aminohippurate_ddi | [
{
"id": "Aminohippurate_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Renal clearance measurements of PAH cannot be made with any significant accuracy in patients receiving sulfonamides, procaine, or thiazolesulfone. These compounds interfere with chemical color development essential to the analytical procedures. Probenecid depresses tubular secretion of certain weak acids such as PAH. Therefore, patients receiving probenecid will have erroneously low ERPF and Tm PAH values."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
409
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Aminohippurate_ddi_T1",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"PAH"
],
"offsets": [
[
32,
35
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aminohippurate_ddi_T2",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"sulfonamides"
],
"offsets": [
[
103,
115
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aminohippurate_ddi_T3",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"procaine"
],
"offsets": [
[
117,
125
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aminohippurate_ddi_T4",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"thiazolesulfone"
],
"offsets": [
[
130,
145
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aminohippurate_ddi_T5",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Probenecid"
],
"offsets": [
[
245,
255
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aminohippurate_ddi_T6",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"PAH"
],
"offsets": [
[
314,
317
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aminohippurate_ddi_T7",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"probenecid"
],
"offsets": [
[
349,
359
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aminohippurate_ddi_T8",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"PAH"
],
"offsets": [
[
398,
401
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"id": "Aminohippurate_ddi_R1",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Aminohippurate_ddi_T1",
"arg2_id": "Aminohippurate_ddi_T2",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aminohippurate_ddi_R2",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Aminohippurate_ddi_T1",
"arg2_id": "Aminohippurate_ddi_T3",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aminohippurate_ddi_R3",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Aminohippurate_ddi_T1",
"arg2_id": "Aminohippurate_ddi_T4",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aminohippurate_ddi_R4",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Aminohippurate_ddi_T5",
"arg2_id": "Aminohippurate_ddi_T6",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Aminohippurate_ddi_R5",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Aminohippurate_ddi_T7",
"arg2_id": "Aminohippurate_ddi_T8",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Cefprozil_ddi | Cefprozil_ddi | [
{
"id": "Cefprozil_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Nephrotoxicity has been reported following concomitant administration of aminoglycoside antibiotics and cephalosporin antibiotics. Concomitant administration of probenecid doubled the AUC for cefprozil. The bioavailability of the capsule formulation of cefprozil was not affected when administered 5 minutes following an antacid."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
329
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Cefprozil_ddi_T1",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"aminoglycoside antibiotics"
],
"offsets": [
[
73,
99
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cefprozil_ddi_T2",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"cephalosporin antibiotics"
],
"offsets": [
[
104,
129
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cefprozil_ddi_T3",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"probenecid"
],
"offsets": [
[
161,
171
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cefprozil_ddi_T4",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"cefprozil"
],
"offsets": [
[
192,
201
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cefprozil_ddi_T5",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"cefprozil"
],
"offsets": [
[
253,
262
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cefprozil_ddi_T6",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"antacid"
],
"offsets": [
[
321,
328
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"id": "Cefprozil_ddi_R1",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Cefprozil_ddi_T1",
"arg2_id": "Cefprozil_ddi_T2",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cefprozil_ddi_R2",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Cefprozil_ddi_T3",
"arg2_id": "Cefprozil_ddi_T4",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Nelfinavir_ddi | Nelfinavir_ddi | [
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Nelfinavir is an inhibitor of CYP3A (cytochrome P450 3A). Coadministration of VIRACEPT and drugs primarily metabolized by CYP3A (e.g., dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers) may result in increased plasma concentrations of the other drug that could increase or prolong both its therapeutic and adverse effects. Nelfinavir is metabolized in proof by C.P.A. Coadministration of VIRACEPT and drugs that induce CYP3A may decrease nelfinavir plasma concentrations and reduce its therapeutic effect. Coadministration of VIRACEPT and drugs that inhibit CYP3A may increase nelfinavir plasma concentrations. Based on known metabolic profiles, clinically significant drug interactions are not expected between VIRACEPT and dapsone, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, clarithromycin, erythromycin, itraconazole or fluconazole. Drugs That Should Not Be Coadministered With VIRACEPT Antiarrhythmics: amiodarone, quinidine Antihistamines: astemizole, terfenadine Antimigraine: ergot derivatives Antimycobacterial agents: rifampin Benzodiazepines midazolam, triazolam GI motility agents: cisapride Drugs Which Require a Dose Reduction When Coadminstered With VIRACEPT Antimycobacterial agents: rifabutin * This table is not all inclusive ** VIRACEPT may not be effective due to decreased nelfinavir plasma concentrations in patients taking these agents concomitantly Antihistamines Terfenadine: Administration of terfenadine with VIRACEPT resulted in the appearance of unchanged terfenadine in plasma; therefore, VIRACEPT should not be administered concurrently with terfenadine because of the potential for serious and/or life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias. Because a similar interaction is likely, VIRACEPT should also not be administered concurrently with astemizole. Anti-HIV Protease Inhibitors Indinavir: Coadministration of indinavir with VIRACEPT resulted in an 83% increase in nelfinavir plasma AUC and a 51% increase in indinavir plasma A.C. Currently, there are no safety and efficacy data available from the use of this combination. Ritonavir: Coadministration of ritonavir with VIRACEPT resulted in a 152% increase in nelfinavir plasma AUC and very little change in ritonavir plasma A.C. Currently, there are no safety and efficacy data available from the use of this combination. Saquinavir: Coadministration of saquinavir (using an experimental soft-gelatin capsule formulation of saquinavir 1200mg) with VIRACEPT resulted in an 18% increase in nelfinavir plasma AUC and a 4-fold increase in saquinavir plasma A.C. If used in combination with saquinavir hard gelatin capsules at the recommended dose of 600 mg tid, no dose adjustments are needed. Currently, there are no safety and efficacy data available from the use of this combination. Antifungal Agents Ketoconazole: Coadministration of ketoconazole with VIRACEPT resulted in a 35% increase in nelfinavir plasma A.C. This change was not considered clinically significant and no dose adjustment is needed when ketoconazole and VIRACEPT are coadministered. Anti-HIV Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors Didanosine: It is recommended that didanosine be administered on an empty stomach; therefore, nelfinavir should be administered (with food) one hour after or more than two hours before didanosine. A dose adjustment is not needed when zidovudine is administered with VIRACEPT. Little or no change in the pharmacokinetics of either drug was observed when VIRACEPT was coadministered with lamivudine or stavudine. Antimycobacterial Agents Rifabutin: Coadministration of rifabutin and VIRACEPT resulted in a 32% decrease in nelfinavir plasma AUC and a 207% increase in rifabutin plasma A.C. It is recommended that the dose of rifabutin be reduced to one-half the usual dose when administered with VIRACEPT. Rifampin: Coadministration of rifampin and VIRACEPT resulted in an 82% decrease in nelfinavir plasma A.C. VIRACEPT and rifampin should not be coadministered. Oral Contraceptives Ethinyl Estradiol and Norethindrone: Coadministration of VIRACEPT with OVCON-35 resulted in a 47% decrease in ethinyl estradiol and an 18% decrease in norethindrone plasma concentrations. Alternate or additional contraceptive measures should be used during therapy with VIRACEPT"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
4212
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T1",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Nelfinavir"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
10
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T2",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"VIRACEPT"
],
"offsets": [
[
78,
86
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T3",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers"
],
"offsets": [
[
135,
175
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T4",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Nelfinavir"
],
"offsets": [
[
314,
324
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T5",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"VIRACEPT"
],
"offsets": [
[
379,
387
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T6",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"nelfinavir"
],
"offsets": [
[
429,
439
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T7",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"VIRACEPT"
],
"offsets": [
[
517,
525
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T8",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"nelfinavir"
],
"offsets": [
[
568,
578
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T9",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"VIRACEPT"
],
"offsets": [
[
703,
711
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T10",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"dapsone"
],
"offsets": [
[
716,
723
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T11",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"trimethoprim"
],
"offsets": [
[
725,
737
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T12",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"sulfamethoxazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
738,
754
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T13",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"clarithromycin"
],
"offsets": [
[
756,
770
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T14",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"erythromycin"
],
"offsets": [
[
772,
784
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T15",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"itraconazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
786,
798
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T16",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"fluconazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
802,
813
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T17",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"VIRACEPT"
],
"offsets": [
[
860,
868
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T18",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Antiarrhythmics"
],
"offsets": [
[
869,
884
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T19",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"amiodarone"
],
"offsets": [
[
886,
896
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T20",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"quinidine"
],
"offsets": [
[
898,
907
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T21",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Antihistamines"
],
"offsets": [
[
908,
922
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T22",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"astemizole"
],
"offsets": [
[
924,
934
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T23",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"terfenadine"
],
"offsets": [
[
936,
947
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T24",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"ergot derivatives"
],
"offsets": [
[
962,
979
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T25",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Antimycobacterial agents"
],
"offsets": [
[
980,
1004
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T26",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"rifampin"
],
"offsets": [
[
1006,
1014
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T27",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Benzodiazepines"
],
"offsets": [
[
1015,
1030
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T28",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"midazolam"
],
"offsets": [
[
1031,
1040
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T29",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"triazolam"
],
"offsets": [
[
1042,
1051
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T30",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"cisapride"
],
"offsets": [
[
1072,
1081
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T31",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"VIRACEPT"
],
"offsets": [
[
1143,
1151
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T32",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Antimycobacterial agents"
],
"offsets": [
[
1152,
1176
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T33",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"rifabutin"
],
"offsets": [
[
1178,
1187
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T34",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"VIRACEPT"
],
"offsets": [
[
1225,
1233
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T35",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"nelfinavir"
],
"offsets": [
[
1272,
1282
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T36",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Antihistamines"
],
"offsets": [
[
1351,
1365
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T37",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Terfenadine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1366,
1377
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T38",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"terfenadine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1397,
1408
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T39",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"VIRACEPT"
],
"offsets": [
[
1414,
1422
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T40",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"terfenadine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1463,
1474
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T41",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"VIRACEPT"
],
"offsets": [
[
1497,
1505
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T42",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"terfenadine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1551,
1562
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T43",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"VIRACEPT"
],
"offsets": [
[
1686,
1694
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T44",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"astemizole"
],
"offsets": [
[
1745,
1755
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T45",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Anti-HIV Protease Inhibitors"
],
"offsets": [
[
1757,
1785
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T46",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Indinavir"
],
"offsets": [
[
1786,
1795
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T47",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"indinavir"
],
"offsets": [
[
1817,
1826
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T48",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"VIRACEPT"
],
"offsets": [
[
1832,
1840
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T49",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"nelfinavir"
],
"offsets": [
[
1872,
1882
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T50",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"indinavir"
],
"offsets": [
[
1916,
1925
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T51",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Ritonavir"
],
"offsets": [
[
2031,
2040
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T52",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"ritonavir"
],
"offsets": [
[
2062,
2071
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T53",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"VIRACEPT"
],
"offsets": [
[
2077,
2085
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T54",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"nelfinavir"
],
"offsets": [
[
2117,
2127
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T55",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"ritonavir"
],
"offsets": [
[
2165,
2174
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T56",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Saquinavir"
],
"offsets": [
[
2280,
2290
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T57",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"saquinavir"
],
"offsets": [
[
2312,
2322
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T58",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"saquinavir"
],
"offsets": [
[
2382,
2392
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T59",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"VIRACEPT"
],
"offsets": [
[
2406,
2414
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T60",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"nelfinavir"
],
"offsets": [
[
2446,
2456
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T61",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"saquinavir"
],
"offsets": [
[
2493,
2503
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T62",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"saquinavir"
],
"offsets": [
[
2544,
2554
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T63",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Antifungal Agents"
],
"offsets": [
[
2741,
2758
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T64",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Ketoconazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
2759,
2771
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T65",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"ketoconazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
2793,
2805
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T66",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"VIRACEPT"
],
"offsets": [
[
2811,
2819
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T67",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"nelfinavir"
],
"offsets": [
[
2850,
2860
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T68",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"ketoconazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
2965,
2977
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T69",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"VIRACEPT"
],
"offsets": [
[
2982,
2990
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T70",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Anti-HIV Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors"
],
"offsets": [
[
3011,
3052
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T71",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Didanosine"
],
"offsets": [
[
3053,
3063
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T72",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"didanosine"
],
"offsets": [
[
3088,
3098
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T73",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"nelfinavir"
],
"offsets": [
[
3147,
3157
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T74",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"didanosine"
],
"offsets": [
[
3238,
3248
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T75",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"zidovudine"
],
"offsets": [
[
3287,
3297
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T76",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"VIRACEPT"
],
"offsets": [
[
3319,
3327
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T77",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"VIRACEPT"
],
"offsets": [
[
3406,
3414
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T78",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"lamivudine"
],
"offsets": [
[
3439,
3449
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T79",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"stavudine"
],
"offsets": [
[
3453,
3462
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T80",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Antimycobacterial Agents"
],
"offsets": [
[
3464,
3488
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T81",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Rifabutin"
],
"offsets": [
[
3489,
3498
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T82",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"rifabutin"
],
"offsets": [
[
3520,
3529
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T83",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"VIRACEPT"
],
"offsets": [
[
3534,
3542
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T84",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"nelfinavir"
],
"offsets": [
[
3573,
3583
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T85",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"rifabutin"
],
"offsets": [
[
3618,
3627
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T86",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"rifabutin"
],
"offsets": [
[
3675,
3684
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T87",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"VIRACEPT"
],
"offsets": [
[
3746,
3754
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T88",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Rifampin"
],
"offsets": [
[
3756,
3764
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T89",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"rifampin"
],
"offsets": [
[
3786,
3794
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T90",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"VIRACEPT"
],
"offsets": [
[
3799,
3807
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T91",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"nelfinavir"
],
"offsets": [
[
3839,
3849
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T92",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"VIRACEPT"
],
"offsets": [
[
3862,
3870
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T93",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"rifampin"
],
"offsets": [
[
3875,
3883
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T94",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Contraceptives"
],
"offsets": [
[
3919,
3933
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T95",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Ethinyl Estradiol"
],
"offsets": [
[
3934,
3951
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T96",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Norethindrone"
],
"offsets": [
[
3956,
3969
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T97",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"VIRACEPT"
],
"offsets": [
[
3991,
3999
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T98",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"OVCON-35"
],
"offsets": [
[
4005,
4013
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T99",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"ethinyl estradiol"
],
"offsets": [
[
4044,
4061
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T100",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"norethindrone"
],
"offsets": [
[
4085,
4098
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T101",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"VIRACEPT"
],
"offsets": [
[
4204,
4212
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_R1",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T17",
"arg2_id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T18",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_R2",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T17",
"arg2_id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T19",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_R3",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T17",
"arg2_id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T20",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_R4",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T17",
"arg2_id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T21",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_R5",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T17",
"arg2_id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T22",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_R6",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T17",
"arg2_id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T23",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_R7",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T17",
"arg2_id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T24",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_R8",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T17",
"arg2_id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T25",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_R9",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T17",
"arg2_id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T26",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_R10",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T17",
"arg2_id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T27",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_R11",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T17",
"arg2_id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T28",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_R12",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T17",
"arg2_id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T29",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_R13",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T17",
"arg2_id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T30",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_R14",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T31",
"arg2_id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T32",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_R15",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T31",
"arg2_id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T33",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_R16",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T41",
"arg2_id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T42",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_R17",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T43",
"arg2_id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T44",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_R18",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T47",
"arg2_id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T48",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_R19",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T52",
"arg2_id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T53",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_R20",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T57",
"arg2_id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T59",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_R21",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T65",
"arg2_id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T66",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_R22",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T73",
"arg2_id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T74",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_R23",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T75",
"arg2_id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T76",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_R24",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T82",
"arg2_id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T83",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_R25",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T86",
"arg2_id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T87",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_R26",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T89",
"arg2_id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T90",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_R27",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T92",
"arg2_id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T93",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_R28",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T97",
"arg2_id": "Nelfinavir_ddi_T98",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Chlorprothixene_ddi | Chlorprothixene_ddi | [
{
"id": "Chlorprothixene_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Chlorprothixene may increase the plasma-level of concomitantly given lithium. In order to avoid lithium intoxication, lithium plasma levels should be monitored closely. If chlorprothixene is given concomitantly with opioids, the opioid dose should be reduced (by approx. 50%), because chlorprothixene amplifies the therapeutic actions and side-effects of opioids massively. Avoid the concomitant use of chlorprothixene and tramadol (Ultram). Massive seizures may be encountered with this combination. Consider additive sedative effects and confusional states to emerge, if chlorprothixene is given with benzodiazepines or barbituates. Choose particular low doses of these drugs. Exert particular caution in combining chlorprothixene with other anticholinergic drugs (tricyclic antidepressants and antiparkinsonian agents): Particularly the elderly may develop delirium, high fever, severe obstipation, even ileus and glaucoma."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
926
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Chlorprothixene_ddi_T1",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Chlorprothixene"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
15
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Chlorprothixene_ddi_T2",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"lithium"
],
"offsets": [
[
69,
76
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Chlorprothixene_ddi_T3",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"lithium"
],
"offsets": [
[
96,
103
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Chlorprothixene_ddi_T4",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"lithium"
],
"offsets": [
[
118,
125
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Chlorprothixene_ddi_T5",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"chlorprothixene"
],
"offsets": [
[
172,
187
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Chlorprothixene_ddi_T6",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"opioids"
],
"offsets": [
[
216,
223
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Chlorprothixene_ddi_T7",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"opioid"
],
"offsets": [
[
229,
235
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Chlorprothixene_ddi_T8",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"chlorprothixene"
],
"offsets": [
[
285,
300
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Chlorprothixene_ddi_T9",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"opioids"
],
"offsets": [
[
355,
362
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Chlorprothixene_ddi_T10",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"chlorprothixene"
],
"offsets": [
[
403,
418
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Chlorprothixene_ddi_T11",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"tramadol"
],
"offsets": [
[
423,
431
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Chlorprothixene_ddi_T12",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"Ultram"
],
"offsets": [
[
433,
439
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Chlorprothixene_ddi_T13",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"chlorprothixene"
],
"offsets": [
[
573,
588
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Chlorprothixene_ddi_T14",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"benzodiazepines"
],
"offsets": [
[
603,
618
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Chlorprothixene_ddi_T15",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"barbituates"
],
"offsets": [
[
622,
633
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Chlorprothixene_ddi_T16",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"chlorprothixene"
],
"offsets": [
[
717,
732
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Chlorprothixene_ddi_T17",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"anticholinergic drugs"
],
"offsets": [
[
744,
765
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Chlorprothixene_ddi_T18",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"tricyclic antidepressants"
],
"offsets": [
[
767,
792
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Chlorprothixene_ddi_T19",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"antiparkinsonian agents"
],
"offsets": [
[
797,
820
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"id": "Chlorprothixene_ddi_R1",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Chlorprothixene_ddi_T1",
"arg2_id": "Chlorprothixene_ddi_T2",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Chlorprothixene_ddi_R2",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Chlorprothixene_ddi_T5",
"arg2_id": "Chlorprothixene_ddi_T6",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Chlorprothixene_ddi_R3",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Chlorprothixene_ddi_T8",
"arg2_id": "Chlorprothixene_ddi_T9",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Chlorprothixene_ddi_R4",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Chlorprothixene_ddi_T10",
"arg2_id": "Chlorprothixene_ddi_T11",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Chlorprothixene_ddi_R5",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Chlorprothixene_ddi_T10",
"arg2_id": "Chlorprothixene_ddi_T12",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Chlorprothixene_ddi_R6",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Chlorprothixene_ddi_T13",
"arg2_id": "Chlorprothixene_ddi_T14",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Chlorprothixene_ddi_R7",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Chlorprothixene_ddi_T13",
"arg2_id": "Chlorprothixene_ddi_T15",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Chlorprothixene_ddi_R8",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Chlorprothixene_ddi_T16",
"arg2_id": "Chlorprothixene_ddi_T17",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Chlorprothixene_ddi_R9",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Chlorprothixene_ddi_T16",
"arg2_id": "Chlorprothixene_ddi_T18",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Chlorprothixene_ddi_R10",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Chlorprothixene_ddi_T16",
"arg2_id": "Chlorprothixene_ddi_T19",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Guaifenesin_ddi | Guaifenesin_ddi | [
{
"id": "Guaifenesin_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"The use of codeine may result in additive CNS depressant effects when coadministered with alcohol, antihistamines, psychotropics or other drugs that produce CNS depression. Serious toxicity may result if dextromethorphan is coadministered with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). The use of dextromethorphan hydrobromide may result in additive CNS depressant effects when coadministered with alcohol, antihistamines, psychotropics or other drugs that produce CNS depression."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
476
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Guaifenesin_ddi_T1",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"codeine"
],
"offsets": [
[
11,
18
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Guaifenesin_ddi_T2",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"alcohol"
],
"offsets": [
[
90,
97
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Guaifenesin_ddi_T3",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"antihistamines"
],
"offsets": [
[
99,
113
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Guaifenesin_ddi_T4",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"psychotropics"
],
"offsets": [
[
115,
128
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Guaifenesin_ddi_T5",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"dextromethorphan"
],
"offsets": [
[
204,
220
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Guaifenesin_ddi_T6",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"monoamine oxidase inhibitors"
],
"offsets": [
[
244,
272
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Guaifenesin_ddi_T7",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"MAOIs"
],
"offsets": [
[
274,
279
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Guaifenesin_ddi_T8",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"dextromethorphan hydrobromide"
],
"offsets": [
[
293,
322
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Guaifenesin_ddi_T9",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"alcohol"
],
"offsets": [
[
394,
401
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Guaifenesin_ddi_T10",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"antihistamines"
],
"offsets": [
[
403,
417
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Guaifenesin_ddi_T11",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"psychotropics"
],
"offsets": [
[
419,
432
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"id": "Guaifenesin_ddi_R1",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Guaifenesin_ddi_T1",
"arg2_id": "Guaifenesin_ddi_T2",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Guaifenesin_ddi_R2",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Guaifenesin_ddi_T1",
"arg2_id": "Guaifenesin_ddi_T3",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Guaifenesin_ddi_R3",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Guaifenesin_ddi_T1",
"arg2_id": "Guaifenesin_ddi_T4",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Guaifenesin_ddi_R4",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Guaifenesin_ddi_T5",
"arg2_id": "Guaifenesin_ddi_T6",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Guaifenesin_ddi_R5",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Guaifenesin_ddi_T5",
"arg2_id": "Guaifenesin_ddi_T7",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Guaifenesin_ddi_R6",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Guaifenesin_ddi_T8",
"arg2_id": "Guaifenesin_ddi_T9",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Guaifenesin_ddi_R7",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Guaifenesin_ddi_T8",
"arg2_id": "Guaifenesin_ddi_T10",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Guaifenesin_ddi_R8",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Guaifenesin_ddi_T8",
"arg2_id": "Guaifenesin_ddi_T11",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Lamivudine_ddi | Lamivudine_ddi | [
{
"id": "Lamivudine_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Lamivudine is predominantly eliminated in the urine by active organic cationic secretion. The possibility of interactions with other drugs administered concurrently should be considered, particularly when their main route of elimination is active renal secretion via the organic cationic transport system (e.g., trimethoprim). No change in dose of either drug is recommended. There is no information regarding the effect on lamivudine pharmacokinetics of higher doses of TMP/SMX such as those used to treat Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. No data are available regarding interactions with other drugs that have renal clearance mechanisms similar to that of lamivudine. Lamivudine and zalcitabine may inhibit the intracellular phosphorylation of one another. Therefore, use of lamivudine in combination with zalcitabine is not recommended ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
839
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Lamivudine_ddi_T1",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Lamivudine"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
10
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Lamivudine_ddi_T2",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"trimethoprim"
],
"offsets": [
[
312,
324
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Lamivudine_ddi_T3",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"lamivudine"
],
"offsets": [
[
424,
434
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Lamivudine_ddi_T4",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"TMP"
],
"offsets": [
[
471,
474
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Lamivudine_ddi_T5",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"SMX"
],
"offsets": [
[
475,
478
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Lamivudine_ddi_T6",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"lamivudine"
],
"offsets": [
[
657,
667
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Lamivudine_ddi_T7",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Lamivudine"
],
"offsets": [
[
669,
679
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Lamivudine_ddi_T8",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"zalcitabine"
],
"offsets": [
[
684,
695
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Lamivudine_ddi_T9",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"lamivudine"
],
"offsets": [
[
776,
786
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Lamivudine_ddi_T10",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"zalcitabine"
],
"offsets": [
[
807,
818
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"id": "Lamivudine_ddi_R1",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Lamivudine_ddi_T7",
"arg2_id": "Lamivudine_ddi_T8",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Lamivudine_ddi_R2",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Lamivudine_ddi_T9",
"arg2_id": "Lamivudine_ddi_T10",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Demecarium bromide_ddi | Demecarium bromide_ddi | [
{
"id": "Demecarium bromide_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Possible drug interactions of HUMORSOL with succinylcholine or with other anticholinesterase agents."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
100
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Demecarium bromide_ddi_T1",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"HUMORSOL"
],
"offsets": [
[
30,
38
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Demecarium bromide_ddi_T2",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"succinylcholine"
],
"offsets": [
[
44,
59
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Demecarium bromide_ddi_T3",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"anticholinesterase agents"
],
"offsets": [
[
74,
99
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"id": "Demecarium bromide_ddi_R1",
"type": "INT",
"arg1_id": "Demecarium bromide_ddi_T1",
"arg2_id": "Demecarium bromide_ddi_T2",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Demecarium bromide_ddi_R2",
"type": "INT",
"arg1_id": "Demecarium bromide_ddi_T1",
"arg2_id": "Demecarium bromide_ddi_T3",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Hydrocodone_ddi | Hydrocodone_ddi | [
{
"id": "Hydrocodone_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Patients receiving other narcotic analgesics, antipsychotics, antianxiety agents, or other CNS depressants (including alcohol) concomitantly with hydrocodone and acetaminophen tablets may exhibit an additive CNS depression. When combined therapy is contemplated, the dose of one or both agents should be reduced. The use of MAO inhibitors or tricyclic antidepressants with hydrocodone preparations may increase the effect of either the antidepressant or hydrocodone. The concurrent use of anticholinergics with hydrocodone may produce paralytic ileus."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
551
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Hydrocodone_ddi_T1",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"narcotic analgesics"
],
"offsets": [
[
25,
44
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Hydrocodone_ddi_T2",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"antipsychotics"
],
"offsets": [
[
46,
60
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Hydrocodone_ddi_T3",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"antianxiety agents"
],
"offsets": [
[
62,
80
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Hydrocodone_ddi_T4",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"CNS depressants"
],
"offsets": [
[
91,
106
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Hydrocodone_ddi_T5",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"alcohol"
],
"offsets": [
[
118,
125
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Hydrocodone_ddi_T6",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"hydrocodone"
],
"offsets": [
[
146,
157
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Hydrocodone_ddi_T7",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"acetaminophen"
],
"offsets": [
[
162,
175
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Hydrocodone_ddi_T8",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"MAO inhibitors"
],
"offsets": [
[
324,
338
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Hydrocodone_ddi_T9",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"tricyclic antidepressants"
],
"offsets": [
[
342,
367
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Hydrocodone_ddi_T10",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"hydrocodone"
],
"offsets": [
[
373,
384
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Hydrocodone_ddi_T11",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"antidepressant"
],
"offsets": [
[
436,
450
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Hydrocodone_ddi_T12",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"hydrocodone"
],
"offsets": [
[
454,
465
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Hydrocodone_ddi_T13",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"anticholinergics"
],
"offsets": [
[
489,
505
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Hydrocodone_ddi_T14",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"hydrocodone"
],
"offsets": [
[
511,
522
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"id": "Hydrocodone_ddi_R1",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Hydrocodone_ddi_T1",
"arg2_id": "Hydrocodone_ddi_T6",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Hydrocodone_ddi_R2",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Hydrocodone_ddi_T2",
"arg2_id": "Hydrocodone_ddi_T6",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Hydrocodone_ddi_R3",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Hydrocodone_ddi_T3",
"arg2_id": "Hydrocodone_ddi_T6",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Hydrocodone_ddi_R4",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Hydrocodone_ddi_T4",
"arg2_id": "Hydrocodone_ddi_T6",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Hydrocodone_ddi_R5",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Hydrocodone_ddi_T5",
"arg2_id": "Hydrocodone_ddi_T6",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Hydrocodone_ddi_R6",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Hydrocodone_ddi_T8",
"arg2_id": "Hydrocodone_ddi_T10",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Hydrocodone_ddi_R7",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Hydrocodone_ddi_T9",
"arg2_id": "Hydrocodone_ddi_T10",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Hydrocodone_ddi_R8",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Hydrocodone_ddi_T13",
"arg2_id": "Hydrocodone_ddi_T14",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Conjugated Estrogens_ddi | Conjugated Estrogens_ddi | [
{
"id": "Conjugated Estrogens_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"DRUG/LABORATORY TEST INTERACTIONS 1. Accelerated prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, and platelet aggregation time; increased platelet count; increased factors II, VII antigen, VIII antigen, VIII coagulant activity, IX, X, XII, VII-X complex, II-VII-X complex, and beta-thromboglobulin; decreased levels of anti-factor Xa and antithrombin III, decreased antithrombin III activity; increased levels of fibrinogen and fibrinogen activity; increased plasminogen antigen and activity. 2. Increased thyroid-binding globulin (TBG) levels leading to increased circulating total thyroid hormone levels as measured by protein-bound iodine (PBI), T4 levels (by column or by radioimmunoassay) or T3 levels by radioimmunoassay. T3 resin uptake is decreased, reflecting the elevated TBG. Free T4 and free T3 concentrations are unaltered. Patients on thyroid replacement therapy may require higher doses of thyroid hormone. 3. Other binding proteins may be elevated in serum, (i.e., corticosteroid binding globulin (CBG), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG)) leading to increased total circulating corticosteroids and sex steroids, respectively. Free hormone concentrations may be decreased. Other plasma proteins may be increased (angiotensinogen/renin substrate, alpha-1-antitrypsin, ceruloplasmin). 4. Increased plasma HDL and HDL2 cholesterol subfraction concentrations, reduced LDL cholesterol concentration, increased triglyceride levels. 5. Impaired glucose tolerance. 6. Reduced response to metyrapone test."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1512
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Conjugated Estrogens_ddi_T1",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"antithrombin III"
],
"offsets": [
[
337,
353
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Conjugated Estrogens_ddi_T2",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"antithrombin III"
],
"offsets": [
[
365,
381
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Conjugated Estrogens_ddi_T3",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"fibrinogen"
],
"offsets": [
[
412,
422
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Conjugated Estrogens_ddi_T4",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"fibrinogen"
],
"offsets": [
[
427,
437
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Conjugated Estrogens_ddi_T5",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"iodine"
],
"offsets": [
[
634,
640
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Conjugated Estrogens_ddi_T6",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"thyroid hormone"
],
"offsets": [
[
904,
919
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Conjugated Estrogens_ddi_T7",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"corticosteroids"
],
"offsets": [
[
1095,
1110
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Conjugated Estrogens_ddi_T8",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"sex steroids"
],
"offsets": [
[
1115,
1127
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
Colestipol_ddi | Colestipol_ddi | [
{
"id": "Colestipol_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Since colestipol hydrochloride is an anion exchange resin, it may have a strong affinity for anions other than the bile acids. In vitro studies have indicated that colestipol hydrochloride binds a number of drugs. Therefore, COLESTlD Tablets may delay or reduce the absorption of concomitant oral medication. The interval between the administration of COLESTID Tablets and any other medication should be as long as possible. Patients should take other drugs at least one hour before or four hours after COLESTID Tablets to avoid impeding their absorption. Repeated doses of colestipol hydrochloride given prior to a single dose of propranolol in human trials have been reported to decrease propranolol absorption. However, in a follow-up study in normal subjects, single-dose administration of colestipol hydrochloride and propranolol and twice-a-day administration for 5 days of both agents did not affect the extent of propranolol absorption, but had a small yet statistically significant effect on its rate of absorption; the time to reach maximum concentration was delayed approximately 30 minutes. Effects on the absorption of other beta-blockers have not been determined. Therefore, patients on propranolol should be observed when COLESTID Tablets are either added or deleted from a therapeutic regimen. Studies in humans show that the absorption of chlorothiazide as reflected in urinary excretion is markedly decreased even when administered one hour before colestipol hydrochloride. The absorption of tetracycline, furosemide, penicillin G, hydrochlorothiazide, and gemfibrozil was significantly decreased when given simultaneously with colestipol hydrochloride; these drugs were not tested to determine the effect of administration one hour before colestipol hydrochloride. No depressant effect on blood levels in humans was noted when colestipol hydrochloride was administered with any of the following drugs: aspirin, clindamycin, clofibrate, methyldopa, nicotinic acid (niacin), tolbutamide, phenytoin or warfarin. Particular caution should be observed with digitalis preparations since there are conflicting results for the effect of colestipol hydrochloride on the availability of digoxin and digitoxin. The potential for binding of these drugs if given concomitantly is present. Discontinuing colestipol hydrochloride could pose a hazard to health if a potentially toxic drug that is significantly bound to the resin has been titrated to a maintenance level while the patient was taking colestipol hydrochloride. Bile acid binding resins may also interfere with the absorption of oral phosphate supplements and hydrocortisone."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2642
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Colestipol_ddi_T1",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"colestipol hydrochloride"
],
"offsets": [
[
6,
30
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Colestipol_ddi_T2",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"anion exchange resin"
],
"offsets": [
[
37,
57
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Colestipol_ddi_T3",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"colestipol hydrochloride"
],
"offsets": [
[
164,
188
]
],
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},
{
"id": "Colestipol_ddi_T4",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"COLESTlD"
],
"offsets": [
[
225,
233
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Colestipol_ddi_T5",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"COLESTID"
],
"offsets": [
[
352,
360
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Colestipol_ddi_T6",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"COLESTID"
],
"offsets": [
[
503,
511
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Colestipol_ddi_T7",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"colestipol hydrochloride"
],
"offsets": [
[
574,
598
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Colestipol_ddi_T8",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"propranolol"
],
"offsets": [
[
631,
642
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Colestipol_ddi_T9",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"propranolol"
],
"offsets": [
[
690,
701
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Colestipol_ddi_T10",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"colestipol hydrochloride"
],
"offsets": [
[
794,
818
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Colestipol_ddi_T11",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"propranolol"
],
"offsets": [
[
823,
834
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Colestipol_ddi_T12",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"propranolol"
],
"offsets": [
[
921,
932
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Colestipol_ddi_T13",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"beta-blockers"
],
"offsets": [
[
1138,
1151
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Colestipol_ddi_T14",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"propranolol"
],
"offsets": [
[
1201,
1212
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Colestipol_ddi_T15",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"COLESTID"
],
"offsets": [
[
1237,
1245
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Colestipol_ddi_T16",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"chlorothiazide"
],
"offsets": [
[
1356,
1370
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Colestipol_ddi_T17",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"colestipol hydrochloride"
],
"offsets": [
[
1466,
1490
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Colestipol_ddi_T18",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"tetracycline"
],
"offsets": [
[
1510,
1522
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Colestipol_ddi_T19",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"furosemide"
],
"offsets": [
[
1524,
1534
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Colestipol_ddi_T20",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"penicillin G"
],
"offsets": [
[
1536,
1548
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Colestipol_ddi_T21",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"hydrochlorothiazide"
],
"offsets": [
[
1550,
1569
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Colestipol_ddi_T22",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"gemfibrozil"
],
"offsets": [
[
1575,
1586
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Colestipol_ddi_T23",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"colestipol hydrochloride"
],
"offsets": [
[
1646,
1670
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Colestipol_ddi_T24",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"colestipol hydrochloride"
],
"offsets": [
[
1758,
1782
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Colestipol_ddi_T25",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"colestipol hydrochloride"
],
"offsets": [
[
1846,
1870
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Colestipol_ddi_T26",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"aspirin"
],
"offsets": [
[
1921,
1928
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Colestipol_ddi_T27",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"clindamycin"
],
"offsets": [
[
1930,
1941
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Colestipol_ddi_T28",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"clofibrate"
],
"offsets": [
[
1943,
1953
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Colestipol_ddi_T29",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"methyldopa"
],
"offsets": [
[
1955,
1965
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Colestipol_ddi_T30",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"nicotinic acid"
],
"offsets": [
[
1967,
1981
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Colestipol_ddi_T31",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"niacin"
],
"offsets": [
[
1983,
1989
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Colestipol_ddi_T32",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"tolbutamide"
],
"offsets": [
[
1992,
2003
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Colestipol_ddi_T33",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"phenytoin"
],
"offsets": [
[
2005,
2014
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Colestipol_ddi_T34",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"warfarin"
],
"offsets": [
[
2018,
2026
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Colestipol_ddi_T35",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"digitalis preparations"
],
"offsets": [
[
2071,
2093
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Colestipol_ddi_T36",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"colestipol hydrochloride"
],
"offsets": [
[
2148,
2172
]
],
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},
{
"id": "Colestipol_ddi_T37",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"digoxin"
],
"offsets": [
[
2196,
2203
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Colestipol_ddi_T38",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"digitoxin"
],
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[
2208,
2217
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Colestipol_ddi_T39",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"colestipol hydrochloride"
],
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[
2309,
2333
]
],
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},
{
"id": "Colestipol_ddi_T40",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"resin"
],
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[
2427,
2432
]
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},
{
"id": "Colestipol_ddi_T41",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"colestipol hydrochloride"
],
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[
2503,
2527
]
],
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},
{
"id": "Colestipol_ddi_T42",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Bile acid binding resins"
],
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[
2529,
2553
]
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},
{
"id": "Colestipol_ddi_T43",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"phosphate"
],
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[
2601,
2610
]
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},
{
"id": "Colestipol_ddi_T44",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"hydrocortisone"
],
"offsets": [
[
2627,
2641
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"id": "Colestipol_ddi_R1",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Colestipol_ddi_T7",
"arg2_id": "Colestipol_ddi_T8",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Colestipol_ddi_R2",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Colestipol_ddi_T14",
"arg2_id": "Colestipol_ddi_T15",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Colestipol_ddi_R3",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Colestipol_ddi_T16",
"arg2_id": "Colestipol_ddi_T17",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Colestipol_ddi_R4",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Colestipol_ddi_T18",
"arg2_id": "Colestipol_ddi_T23",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Colestipol_ddi_R5",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Colestipol_ddi_T19",
"arg2_id": "Colestipol_ddi_T23",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Colestipol_ddi_R6",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Colestipol_ddi_T20",
"arg2_id": "Colestipol_ddi_T23",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Colestipol_ddi_R7",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Colestipol_ddi_T21",
"arg2_id": "Colestipol_ddi_T23",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Colestipol_ddi_R8",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Colestipol_ddi_T22",
"arg2_id": "Colestipol_ddi_T23",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Colestipol_ddi_R9",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Colestipol_ddi_T35",
"arg2_id": "Colestipol_ddi_T36",
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},
{
"id": "Colestipol_ddi_R10",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Colestipol_ddi_T36",
"arg2_id": "Colestipol_ddi_T37",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Colestipol_ddi_R11",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Colestipol_ddi_T36",
"arg2_id": "Colestipol_ddi_T38",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Colestipol_ddi_R12",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Colestipol_ddi_T42",
"arg2_id": "Colestipol_ddi_T43",
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},
{
"id": "Colestipol_ddi_R13",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Colestipol_ddi_T42",
"arg2_id": "Colestipol_ddi_T44",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Fluvoxamine_ddi | Fluvoxamine_ddi | [
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Potential for Interaction with Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors In patients receiving another serotonin reuptake inhibitor drug in combination with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI), there have been reports of serious, sometimes fatal, reactions including hyperthermia, rigidity, myoclonus, autonomic instability with possible rapid fluctuations of vital signs, and mental status changes that include extreme agitation progressing to delirium and coma. These reactions have also been reported in patients who have discontinued that drug and have been started on a MAOI. Some cases presented with features resembling neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Therefore, it is recommended that Fluvoxamine Tablets not be used in combination with MAOIs, or within 14 days of discontinuing treatment with a MAOI. After stopping Fluvoxamine Tablets, at least 2 weeks should be allowed before starting a MAOI. Potential Terfenadine, Astemizole, and Cisapride Interactions Terfenadine, astemizole and cisapride are all metabolized by the cytochrome P450IIIA4 isozyme, and it has been demonstrated that ketoconazole, a potent inhibitor of IIIA4, blocks the metabolism of these drugs, resulting in increased plasma concentrations of parent drug. Increased plasma concentrations of terfenadine, astemizole, and cisapride cause QT prolongation and have been associated with torsades de pointes-type ventricular tachycardia, sometimes fatal. As noted below, a sub- for fluvoxamine in combination with alprazolam, a drug that is known to be metabolized by the IIIA4 isozyme. Although it has not been definitively demonstrated that fluvoxamine is a potent IIIA4 inhibitor, it is likely to be, given the substantial interaction of fluvoxamine with alprazolam. Consequently, it is recommended that fluvoxamine not be used in combination with either terbinafine, astemizole, or cisapride. Other Potentially Important Drug Interactions: Benzodiazepines: Benzodiazepines metabolized by hepatic oxidation (e.g., alprazolam, midazolam, triazolam elc.) should be used with caution because the clearance of these drugs is likely to be reduced by fluvoxamine. The clearance of benzodiazepines metabolized by glucuronidation (e. g., lorazepam, oxazepam, temazepam) is unlikely to be affected by fluvoxamine. Alprazolam: When fluvoxamine maleate (100 mg qd) and alprazolam (1 mg q.d. were co-administered to steady state, plasma concentration and other pharmacokinetics parameters (AUC, Cmax, T1/2,) of alprazolam were approximately twice those observed when alprazolam was administered alone; oral clearance was reduced by about 50%. The elevated plasma alprazolam concentrations resulted in decreased psychomotor performance and memory. This interaction, which has not been investigated using higher doses of fluvoxamine, may be more pronounced if a 300 mg daily dose is co-administered, particularly since fluvoxamine exhibits non-linear pharmacokinetics over the dosage range 100-300 mg. If alprazolam is co-administered with Fluvoxamine Tablets, the initial alprazolam dosage should be at least halved and titration to the lowest effective dose is recommended. No dosage adjustment is required for Fluvoxamine Tablets. Diazepam: The co-administration of Fluvoxamine Tablets and diazepam is generally not advisable. Because fluvoxamine reduces the clearance of both diazepam and its active metabolite, N-desmethyldiazepam, there is a strong likelihood of substantial accumulation of both species during chronic co-administration. Evidence supporting the conclusion that it is inadvisable to co-administer fluvoxamine and diazepam is derived from a study in which healthy volunteers taking 150 mg/day of fluvoxamine were administered a single oral dose of 10 mg of diazepam. In these subjects (R= B), the clearance of diazepam was reduced by 65% and that of N-desmethyldiazepam to a level that was too low to measure over the course of the 2 week long study. It is likely that experience significantly underestimates the degree of accumulation that might occur with repealed diazepam administration. Moreover, as noted with alprazolam, the effect of fluvoxamine may even be more pronounced when it is administered at higher doses. Accordingly, diazepam and fluvoxamine should not ordinarily be co-administered. Theophylline: The effect of steady-state fluvoxamine l50 mg bid on the pharmacokinetics of a single dose of Theophylline (375 mg) as 442 mg aminophylline was evaluated in 12 healthy non-smoking, male volunteers. The clearance of theophylline was decreased approximately 3-fold. Therefore, if theophylline is co-administered with fluvoxamine maleate, its dose should be reduced to one third of the usual daily maintenance dose and plasma concentrations of theophylline should to monitored. No dosage adjustment is required for Fluvoxamine Tablets. Warfarin: When fluvoxamine maleate (50 mg tid) was administered concomitantly with warfarin for two weeks, warfarin plasma concentrations increased by 98% and prothrombin times were prolonged. Thus patients receiving oral anticoagulants and Fluvoxamine Tablets should have their prothrombin time monitored and their anticoagulant dose adjusted accordingly. No dosage adjustment is required for Fluvoxamine Tablets."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
5237
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T1",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors"
],
"offsets": [
[
31,
59
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T2",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"serotonin reuptake inhibitor drug"
],
"offsets": [
[
90,
123
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T3",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"monoamine oxidase inhibitors"
],
"offsets": [
[
144,
172
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T4",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"MAOI"
],
"offsets": [
[
174,
178
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T5",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"MAOI"
],
"offsets": [
[
562,
566
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T6",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Fluvoxamine"
],
"offsets": [
[
680,
691
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T7",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"MAOIs"
],
"offsets": [
[
732,
737
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T8",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"MAOI"
],
"offsets": [
[
791,
795
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T9",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Fluvoxamine"
],
"offsets": [
[
812,
823
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T10",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"MAOI"
],
"offsets": [
[
886,
890
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T11",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Terfenadine"
],
"offsets": [
[
902,
913
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T12",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Astemizole"
],
"offsets": [
[
915,
925
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T13",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Cisapride"
],
"offsets": [
[
931,
940
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T14",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Terfenadine"
],
"offsets": [
[
954,
965
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T15",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"astemizole"
],
"offsets": [
[
967,
977
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T16",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"cisapride"
],
"offsets": [
[
982,
991
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T17",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"ketoconazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
1083,
1095
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T18",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"terfenadine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1260,
1271
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T19",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"astemizole"
],
"offsets": [
[
1273,
1283
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T20",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"cisapride"
],
"offsets": [
[
1289,
1298
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T21",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"fluvoxamine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1445,
1456
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T22",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"alprazolam"
],
"offsets": [
[
1477,
1487
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T23",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"fluvoxamine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1606,
1617
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T24",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"fluvoxamine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1704,
1715
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T25",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"alprazolam"
],
"offsets": [
[
1721,
1731
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T26",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"fluvoxamine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1770,
1781
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T27",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"terbinafine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1821,
1832
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T28",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"astemizole"
],
"offsets": [
[
1834,
1844
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T29",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"cisapride"
],
"offsets": [
[
1849,
1858
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T30",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Benzodiazepines"
],
"offsets": [
[
1907,
1922
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T31",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Benzodiazepines"
],
"offsets": [
[
1924,
1939
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T32",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"alprazolam"
],
"offsets": [
[
1980,
1990
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T33",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"midazolam"
],
"offsets": [
[
1992,
2001
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T34",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"triazolam"
],
"offsets": [
[
2003,
2012
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T35",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"fluvoxamine"
],
"offsets": [
[
2111,
2122
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T36",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"benzodiazepines"
],
"offsets": [
[
2141,
2156
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T37",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"lorazepam"
],
"offsets": [
[
2196,
2205
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T38",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"oxazepam"
],
"offsets": [
[
2207,
2215
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T39",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"temazepam"
],
"offsets": [
[
2217,
2226
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T40",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"fluvoxamine"
],
"offsets": [
[
2258,
2269
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T41",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Alprazolam"
],
"offsets": [
[
2271,
2281
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T42",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"fluvoxamine maleate"
],
"offsets": [
[
2288,
2307
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T43",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"alprazolam"
],
"offsets": [
[
2324,
2334
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T44",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"alprazolam"
],
"offsets": [
[
2465,
2475
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T45",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"alprazolam"
],
"offsets": [
[
2521,
2531
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T46",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"alprazolam"
],
"offsets": [
[
2617,
2627
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T47",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"fluvoxamine"
],
"offsets": [
[
2773,
2784
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T48",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"fluvoxamine"
],
"offsets": [
[
2871,
2882
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T49",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"alprazolam"
],
"offsets": [
[
2957,
2967
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T50",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Fluvoxamine"
],
"offsets": [
[
2992,
3003
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T51",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"alprazolam"
],
"offsets": [
[
3025,
3035
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T52",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Fluvoxamine"
],
"offsets": [
[
3165,
3176
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T53",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Diazepam"
],
"offsets": [
[
3186,
3194
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T54",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Fluvoxamine"
],
"offsets": [
[
3221,
3232
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T55",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"diazepam"
],
"offsets": [
[
3245,
3253
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T56",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"fluvoxamine"
],
"offsets": [
[
3290,
3301
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T57",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"diazepam"
],
"offsets": [
[
3332,
3340
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T58",
"type": "DRUG_N",
"text": [
"N-desmethyldiazepam"
],
"offsets": [
[
3368,
3387
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T59",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"fluvoxamine"
],
"offsets": [
[
3571,
3582
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T60",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"diazepam"
],
"offsets": [
[
3587,
3595
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T61",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"fluvoxamine"
],
"offsets": [
[
3669,
3680
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T62",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"diazepam"
],
"offsets": [
[
3730,
3738
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T63",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"diazepam"
],
"offsets": [
[
3783,
3791
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T64",
"type": "DRUG_N",
"text": [
"N-desmethyldiazepam"
],
"offsets": [
[
3823,
3842
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T65",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"diazepam"
],
"offsets": [
[
4040,
4048
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T66",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"alprazolam"
],
"offsets": [
[
4089,
4099
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T67",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"fluvoxamine"
],
"offsets": [
[
4115,
4126
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T68",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"diazepam"
],
"offsets": [
[
4209,
4217
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T69",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"fluvoxamine"
],
"offsets": [
[
4222,
4233
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T70",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Theophylline"
],
"offsets": [
[
4276,
4288
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T71",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"fluvoxamine"
],
"offsets": [
[
4317,
4328
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T72",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Theophylline"
],
"offsets": [
[
4384,
4396
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T73",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"aminophylline"
],
"offsets": [
[
4416,
4429
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T74",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"theophylline"
],
"offsets": [
[
4505,
4517
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T75",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"theophylline"
],
"offsets": [
[
4568,
4580
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T76",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"fluvoxamine maleate"
],
"offsets": [
[
4605,
4624
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T77",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"theophylline"
],
"offsets": [
[
4731,
4743
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T78",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Fluvoxamine"
],
"offsets": [
[
4802,
4813
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T79",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Warfarin"
],
"offsets": [
[
4823,
4831
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T80",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"fluvoxamine maleate"
],
"offsets": [
[
4838,
4857
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T81",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"warfarin"
],
"offsets": [
[
4906,
4914
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T82",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"warfarin"
],
"offsets": [
[
4930,
4938
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T83",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"anticoagulants"
],
"offsets": [
[
5045,
5059
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T84",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Fluvoxamine"
],
"offsets": [
[
5064,
5075
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T85",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"anticoagulant"
],
"offsets": [
[
5139,
5152
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T86",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Fluvoxamine"
],
"offsets": [
[
5217,
5228
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_R1",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T2",
"arg2_id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T3",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_R2",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T2",
"arg2_id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T4",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_R3",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T6",
"arg2_id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T7",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_R4",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T6",
"arg2_id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T8",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_R5",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T9",
"arg2_id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T10",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_R6",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T14",
"arg2_id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T17",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_R7",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T15",
"arg2_id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T17",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_R8",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T16",
"arg2_id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T17",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_R9",
"type": "INT",
"arg1_id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T24",
"arg2_id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T25",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_R10",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T26",
"arg2_id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T27",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_R11",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T26",
"arg2_id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T28",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_R12",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T26",
"arg2_id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T29",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_R13",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T31",
"arg2_id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T35",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_R14",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T32",
"arg2_id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T35",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_R15",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T33",
"arg2_id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T35",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_R16",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T34",
"arg2_id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T35",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_R17",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T42",
"arg2_id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T43",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_R18",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T49",
"arg2_id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T50",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_R19",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T54",
"arg2_id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T55",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_R20",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T56",
"arg2_id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T57",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_R21",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T56",
"arg2_id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T58",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_R22",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T59",
"arg2_id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T60",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_R23",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T66",
"arg2_id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T67",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_R24",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T68",
"arg2_id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T69",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_R25",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T75",
"arg2_id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T76",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_R26",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T80",
"arg2_id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T81",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_R27",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T83",
"arg2_id": "Fluvoxamine_ddi_T84",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Nabumetone_ddi | Nabumetone_ddi | [
{
"id": "Nabumetone_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"In vitro studies have shown that, because of its affinity for protein, 6MNA may displace other protein-bound drugs from their binding site. Caution should be exercised when administering nabumetone with warfarin since interactions have been seen with other NSAIDs. Concomitant administration of an aluminum-containing antacid had no significant effect in the bioavailability of 6MNA. When administered with food or milk, there is more rapid absorption; however, the total amount of 6MNA in the plasma is unchanged ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
515
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Nabumetone_ddi_T1",
"type": "DRUG_N",
"text": [
"6MNA"
],
"offsets": [
[
71,
75
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nabumetone_ddi_T2",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"nabumetone"
],
"offsets": [
[
187,
197
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nabumetone_ddi_T3",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"warfarin"
],
"offsets": [
[
203,
211
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nabumetone_ddi_T4",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"NSAIDs"
],
"offsets": [
[
257,
263
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nabumetone_ddi_T5",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"aluminum"
],
"offsets": [
[
298,
306
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nabumetone_ddi_T6",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"antacid"
],
"offsets": [
[
318,
325
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nabumetone_ddi_T7",
"type": "DRUG_N",
"text": [
"6MNA"
],
"offsets": [
[
378,
382
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nabumetone_ddi_T8",
"type": "DRUG_N",
"text": [
"6MNA"
],
"offsets": [
[
482,
486
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"id": "Nabumetone_ddi_R1",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Nabumetone_ddi_T2",
"arg2_id": "Nabumetone_ddi_T3",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nabumetone_ddi_R2",
"type": "INT",
"arg1_id": "Nabumetone_ddi_T3",
"arg2_id": "Nabumetone_ddi_T4",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Flurbiprofen_ddi | Flurbiprofen_ddi | [
{
"id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Antacids: Administration of flurbiprofen to volunteers under fasting conditions, or with antacid suspension yielded similar serum flurbiprofen time profiles in young subjects (n=12). In geriatric subjects (n=7) there was a reduction in the rate but not the extent of flurbiprofen absorption. Anticoagulants: Flurbiprofen like other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, has been shown to affect bleeding parameters in patients receiving anti-coagulants, and serious clinical bleeding has been reported. The physician should be cautious when administering flurbiprofen to patients taking anticoagulants. Aspirin: Concurrent administration of aspirin and flurbiprofen resulted in 50% lower serum flurbiprofen concentrations. This effect of aspirin (which also lowers serum concentrations of other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs given with it) has been demonstrated in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (n= 15) as well as normal volunteers (n= 16). Concurrent use of flurbiprofen and aspirin is therefore not recommended. Beta-adrenergic Blocking Agents: The effect of flurbiprofen on blood pressure response to propranolol and atenolol was evaluated in men with mild uncomplicated hypertension (n = 10). Flurbiprofen pretreatment attenuated the hypotensive effect of a single dose of propranolol but not atenolol. Flurbiprofen did not appear to affect the beta-blocker-mediated reduction in heart rate. Flurbiprofen did not affect the pharmacokinetic profile of either drug, and the mechanism under lying the interference with propranolols hypotensive effect is unknown. Patients taking both flurbiprofen and a beta-blocker should be monitored to ensure that a satisfactory hypotensive effect is achieved. Cimetidine, Ranitidine: In normal volunteers (n=9), pretreatment with cimetidine or ranitidine did not affect flurbiprofen pharmacokinetics except that a small (13 %) but statistically significant increase in the area under the serum concentration curve of flurbiprofen resulted with cimetidine. Digoxin: Studies of concomitant administration of flurbiprofen and digoxin to healthy men (n= 14) did not show a change in the steady state serum levels of either drug. Diuretics: Studies in normal volunteers have shown that flurbiprofen like other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, can interfere with the effects of furosemide. Although results have varied from study to study, effects have been shown on furosemide-stimulated diuresis, natriuresis, and kaliuresis. Other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that inhibit prostaglandin synthesis have been shown to interfere with thiazide diuretics in some studies and with potassium-sparing diuretics. Patients receiving flurbiprofen and furosemide or other diuretics should be observed closely to determine if the desired effect is obtained. Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: In one study, flurbiprofen was given to adult diabetics who were already receiving glyburide (n=4), metformin (n=2) chlorpropamide with phenformin (n= 3) or glyburide with phenformin (n=6). Although there was a slight reduction in blood sugar concentrations during concomitant administration of flurbiprofen and hypoglycemic agents, there were no signs or symptoms of hypoglycemia."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
3213
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_T1",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Antacids"
],
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[
0,
8
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_T2",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"flurbiprofen"
],
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[
28,
40
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_T3",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"antacid"
],
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[
89,
96
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
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"text": [
"flurbiprofen"
],
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[
130,
142
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
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"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"flurbiprofen"
],
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[
267,
279
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_T6",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Anticoagulants"
],
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[
292,
306
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
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"Flurbiprofen"
],
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[
308,
320
]
],
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},
{
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"type": "GROUP",
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"nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs"
],
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[
332,
368
]
],
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},
{
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"anti-coagulants"
],
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[
437,
452
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
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"flurbiprofen"
],
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[
555,
567
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
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"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"anticoagulants"
],
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[
587,
601
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_T12",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"Aspirin"
],
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[
603,
610
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
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"aspirin"
],
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[
641,
648
]
],
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},
{
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"flurbiprofen"
],
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653,
665
]
],
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},
{
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"flurbiprofen"
],
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694,
706
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
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"aspirin"
],
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[
738,
745
]
],
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},
{
"id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_T17",
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],
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[
795,
831
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
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"text": [
"flurbiprofen"
],
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971,
983
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
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"text": [
"aspirin"
],
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[
988,
995
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_T20",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Beta-adrenergic Blocking Agents"
],
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1026,
1057
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_T21",
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"text": [
"flurbiprofen"
],
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1073,
1085
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_T22",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"propranolol"
],
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1116,
1127
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_T23",
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"text": [
"atenolol"
],
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[
1132,
1140
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_T24",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Flurbiprofen"
],
"offsets": [
[
1209,
1221
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_T25",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"propranolol"
],
"offsets": [
[
1289,
1300
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_T26",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"atenolol"
],
"offsets": [
[
1309,
1317
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_T27",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Flurbiprofen"
],
"offsets": [
[
1319,
1331
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_T28",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Flurbiprofen"
],
"offsets": [
[
1408,
1420
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_T29",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"propranolol"
],
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[
1532,
1543
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_T30",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"flurbiprofen"
],
"offsets": [
[
1597,
1609
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_T31",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"beta-blocker"
],
"offsets": [
[
1616,
1628
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_T32",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Cimetidine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1711,
1721
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_T33",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Ranitidine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1723,
1733
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_T34",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"cimetidine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1781,
1791
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_T35",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"ranitidine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1795,
1805
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_T36",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"flurbiprofen"
],
"offsets": [
[
1821,
1833
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_T37",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"flurbiprofen"
],
"offsets": [
[
1968,
1980
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_T38",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"cimetidine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1995,
2005
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_T39",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Digoxin"
],
"offsets": [
[
2007,
2014
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_T40",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"flurbiprofen"
],
"offsets": [
[
2057,
2069
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_T41",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"digoxin"
],
"offsets": [
[
2074,
2081
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_T42",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Diuretics"
],
"offsets": [
[
2176,
2185
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_T43",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"flurbiprofen"
],
"offsets": [
[
2232,
2244
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_T44",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs"
],
"offsets": [
[
2256,
2292
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_T45",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"furosemide"
],
"offsets": [
[
2328,
2338
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_T46",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"furosemide"
],
"offsets": [
[
2417,
2427
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_T47",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs"
],
"offsets": [
[
2484,
2520
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_T48",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"thiazide diuretics"
],
"offsets": [
[
2592,
2610
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_T49",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"potassium-sparing diuretics"
],
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2636,
2663
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_T50",
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"text": [
"flurbiprofen"
],
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2684,
2696
]
],
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},
{
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"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"furosemide"
],
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2701,
2711
]
],
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},
{
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"text": [
"diuretics"
],
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2721,
2730
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_T53",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Hypoglycemic Agents"
],
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[
2811,
2830
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_T54",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"flurbiprofen"
],
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2846,
2858
]
],
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},
{
"id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_T55",
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"text": [
"glyburide"
],
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2915,
2924
]
],
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},
{
"id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_T56",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"metformin"
],
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[
2932,
2941
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_T57",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"chlorpropamide"
],
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2948,
2962
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_T58",
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"text": [
"phenformin"
],
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2968,
2978
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
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"glyburide"
],
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2989,
2998
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_T60",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"phenformin"
],
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3004,
3014
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_T61",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"flurbiprofen"
],
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[
3127,
3139
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_T62",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"hypoglycemic agents"
],
"offsets": [
[
3144,
3163
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_R1",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_T7",
"arg2_id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_T9",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_R2",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_T8",
"arg2_id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_T9",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_R3",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_T10",
"arg2_id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_T11",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_R4",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_T13",
"arg2_id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_T14",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_R5",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_T18",
"arg2_id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_T19",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_R6",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_T24",
"arg2_id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_T25",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_R7",
"type": "INT",
"arg1_id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_T28",
"arg2_id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_T29",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_R8",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_T30",
"arg2_id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_T31",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_R9",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_T37",
"arg2_id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_T38",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_R10",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_T43",
"arg2_id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_T45",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_R11",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_T44",
"arg2_id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_T45",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_R12",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_T47",
"arg2_id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_T48",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_R13",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_T47",
"arg2_id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_T49",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_R14",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_T50",
"arg2_id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_T51",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_R15",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_T50",
"arg2_id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_T52",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_R16",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_T61",
"arg2_id": "Flurbiprofen_ddi_T62",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Fulvestrant_ddi | Fulvestrant_ddi | [
{
"id": "Fulvestrant_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Fulvestrant is metabolized by CYP 3A4 in vitro. Clinical studies of the effect of strong CYP 3A4 inhibitors on the pharmacokinetics of fulvestrant have not been performed. Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis and Impairment of Fertility A two-year carcinogenesis study was conducted in female and male rats, at intramuscular doses of 15 mg/kg/30 days, 10 mg/rat/30 days and 10 mg/rat/15 days. These doses correspond to approximately 1-, 3-, and 5-fold (in females) and 1.3-, 1.3-, and 1.6-fold (in males) the systemic exposure [AUC0-30 days]] achieved in women receiving the recommended dose of 250 mg/month. An increased incidence of benign ovarian granulosa cell tumors and testicular Leydig cell tumors was evident, in females dosed at 10 mg/rat/15 days and males dosed at 15 mg/rat/30 days, respectively. Induction of such tumors is consistent with the pharmacology-related endocrine feedback alterations in gonadotropin levels caused by an antiestrogen. Fulvestrant was not mutagenic or clastogenic in multiple in vitro tests with and without the addition of a mammalian liver metabolic activation factor (bacterial mutation assay in strains of Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli, in vitro cytogenetics study in human lymphocytes, mammalian cell mutation assay in mouse lymphoma cells and in vivo micronucleus test in rat. In female rats, fulvestrant administered at doses 0.01 mg/kg/day (approximately one-hundredth of the human recommended dose based on body surface area [BSA], for 2 weeks prior to and for 1 week following mating, caused a reduction in fertility and embryonic survival. No adverse effects on female fertility and embryonic survival were evident in female animals dosed at 0.001 mg/kg/day (approximately one-thousandth of the human dose based on BSA). Restoration of female fertility to values similar to controls was evident following a 29-day withdrawal period after dosing at 2 mg/kg/day (twice the human dose based on BSA). The effects of fulvestrant on the fertility of female rats appear to be consistent with its anti-estrogenic activity. The potential effects of fulvestrant on the fertility of male animals were not studied but in a 6-month toxicology study, male rats treated with intramuscular doses of 15 mg/kg/30 days, 10 mg/rat/30 days, or 10 mg/rat/15 days fulvestrant showed a loss of spermatozoa from the seminiferous tubules, seminiferous tubular atrophy, and degenerative changes in the epididymides. Changes in the testes and epididymides had not recovered 20 weeks after cessation of dosing. These fulvestrant doses correspond to approximately 2-, 3-, and 3-fold the systemic exposure [AUC0-30 days] achieved in women. Pregnancy Pregnancy Category D: . In studies in female rats at doses 0.01 mg/kg/day (IM; approximately one-hundredth of the human recommended dose based on body surface area [BSA]), fulvestrant caused a reversible reduction in female fertility, as well as effects on embryo/fetal development consistent with its anti-estrogenic activity. Fulvestrant caused an increased incidence of fetal abnormalities in rats (tarsal flexure of the hind paw at 2 mg/kg/day IM; twice the human dose on BSA) and non-ossification of the odontoid and ventral tubercle of the first cervical vertebra at doses 0.1 mg/kg/day IM (approximately one-tenth of the human dose on BSA) when administered during the period of organogenesis. Rabbits failed to maintain pregnancy when dosed with 1 mg/kg/day fulvestrant IM (twice the human dose on BSA) during the period of organogenesis. Further, in rabbits dosed at 0.25 mg/kg/day (about one-half the human dose on BSA), increases in placental weight and post-implantation loss were observed but, there were no observed effects on fetal development. Fulvestrant was associated with an increased incidence of fetal variations in rabbits (backwards displacement of the pelvic girdle, and 27 pre-sacral vertebrae at 0.25 mg/kg/day IM; one-half the human dose on BSA) when administered during the period of organogenesis. Because pregnancy could not be maintained in the rabbit following doses of fulvestrant of 1 mg/kg/day and above, this study was inadequate to fully define the possible adverse effects on fetal development at clinically relevant exposures. Nursing Mothers Fulvestrant is found in rat milk at levels significantly higher (approximately 12-fold) than plasma after administration of 2 mg/kg. Drug exposure in rodent pups from fulvestrant-treated lactating dams was estimated as 10% of the administered dose. It is not known if fulvestrant is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, and because of the potential for serious adverse reactions from FASLODEX in nursing infants, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother. Pediatric Use The safety and efficacy of FASLODEX in pediatric patients have not been established. Geriatric Use When tumor response was considered by age, objective responses were seen in 24% and 22% of patients under 65 years of age and in 16% and 11% of patients 65 years of age and older, who were treated with FASLODEX in the European and North American trials, respectively."
],
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0,
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"id": "Fulvestrant_ddi_T1",
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0,
11
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"id": "Fulvestrant_ddi_T2",
"type": "DRUG",
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"fulvestrant"
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135,
146
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"id": "Fulvestrant_ddi_T3",
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"antiestrogen"
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936,
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{
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"Fulvestrant"
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950,
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"fulvestrant"
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1344,
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"fulvestrant"
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1970,
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"id": "Fulvestrant_ddi_T7",
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2098,
2109
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2299,
2310
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"id": "Fulvestrant_ddi_T9",
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2546,
2557
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"fulvestrant"
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2851,
2862
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"Fulvestrant"
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3007,
3018
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"normalized": []
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"type": "DRUG",
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"fulvestrant"
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3447,
3458
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"normalized": []
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"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Fulvestrant"
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3741,
3752
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"id": "Fulvestrant_ddi_T14",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"fulvestrant"
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4084,
4095
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"id": "Fulvestrant_ddi_T15",
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"text": [
"Fulvestrant"
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4264,
4275
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"normalized": []
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"id": "Fulvestrant_ddi_T16",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"fulvestrant"
],
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4431,
4442
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"normalized": []
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"id": "Fulvestrant_ddi_T17",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"fulvestrant"
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4532,
4543
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"normalized": []
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{
"id": "Fulvestrant_ddi_T18",
"type": "BRAND",
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"FASLODEX"
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"offsets": [
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4682,
4690
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"normalized": []
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{
"id": "Fulvestrant_ddi_T19",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"FASLODEX"
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"offsets": [
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4898,
4906
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"normalized": []
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{
"id": "Fulvestrant_ddi_T20",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"FASLODEX"
],
"offsets": [
[
5172,
5180
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
Atenolol_ddi | Atenolol_ddi | [
{
"id": "Atenolol_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Catecholamine-depleting drugs (eg, reserpine) may have an additive effect when given with beta-blocking agents. Patients treated with TENORMIN plus a catecholamine depletor should therefore be closely observed for evidence of hypotension and/or marked bradycardia which may produce vertigo, syncope, or postural hypotension. Calcium channel blockers may also have an additive effect when given with TENORMIN . Beta blockers may exacerbate the rebound hypertension which can follow the withdrawal of clonidine. If the two drugs are coadministered, the beta blocker should be withdrawn several days before the gradual withdrawal of clonidine. If replacing clonidine by beta-blocker therapy, the introduction of beta blockers should be delayed for several days after clonidine administration has stopped. Concomitant use of prostaglandin synthase inhibiting drugs, eg, indomethacin, may decrease the hypotensive effects of beta blockers. Information on concurrent usage of atenolol and aspirin is limited. Data from several studies, ie, TIMI-II, ISIS-2, currently do not suggest any clinical interaction between aspirin and beta blockers in the acute myocardial infarction setting. While taking beta blockers, patients with a history of anaphylactic reaction to a variety of allergens may have a more severe reaction on repeated challenge, either accidental, diagnostic or therapeutic. Such patients may be unresponsive to the usual doses of epinephrine used to treat the allergic reaction."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1487
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Atenolol_ddi_T1",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"reserpine"
],
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[
35,
44
]
],
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},
{
"id": "Atenolol_ddi_T2",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"beta-blocking agent"
],
"offsets": [
[
90,
109
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Atenolol_ddi_T3",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"TENORMIN"
],
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[
134,
142
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Atenolol_ddi_T4",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Calcium channel blockers"
],
"offsets": [
[
325,
349
]
],
"normalized": []
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{
"id": "Atenolol_ddi_T5",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"TENORMIN"
],
"offsets": [
[
399,
407
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Atenolol_ddi_T6",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Beta blockers"
],
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[
410,
423
]
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},
{
"id": "Atenolol_ddi_T7",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"clonidine"
],
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[
499,
508
]
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},
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"id": "Atenolol_ddi_T8",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"beta blocker"
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551,
563
]
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},
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"id": "Atenolol_ddi_T9",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"clonidine"
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630,
639
]
],
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{
"id": "Atenolol_ddi_T10",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"clonidine"
],
"offsets": [
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654,
663
]
],
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},
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"id": "Atenolol_ddi_T11",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"beta-blocker"
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667,
679
]
],
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"id": "Atenolol_ddi_T12",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"beta blockers"
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709,
722
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"id": "Atenolol_ddi_T13",
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"text": [
"clonidine"
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764,
773
]
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},
{
"id": "Atenolol_ddi_T14",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"indomethacin"
],
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866,
878
]
],
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"id": "Atenolol_ddi_T15",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"beta blockers"
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920,
933
]
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"text": [
"atenolol"
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970,
978
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"id": "Atenolol_ddi_T17",
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"aspirin"
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983,
990
]
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"aspirin"
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1109,
1116
]
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"beta blockers"
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1121,
1134
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"id": "Atenolol_ddi_T20",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"beta blockers"
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[
1192,
1205
]
],
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},
{
"id": "Atenolol_ddi_T21",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"epinephrine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1439,
1450
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"id": "Atenolol_ddi_R1",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Atenolol_ddi_T1",
"arg2_id": "Atenolol_ddi_T2",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Atenolol_ddi_R2",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Atenolol_ddi_T4",
"arg2_id": "Atenolol_ddi_T5",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Atenolol_ddi_R3",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Atenolol_ddi_T6",
"arg2_id": "Atenolol_ddi_T7",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Atenolol_ddi_R4",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Atenolol_ddi_T8",
"arg2_id": "Atenolol_ddi_T9",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Atenolol_ddi_R5",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Atenolol_ddi_T12",
"arg2_id": "Atenolol_ddi_T13",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Atenolol_ddi_R6",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Atenolol_ddi_T14",
"arg2_id": "Atenolol_ddi_T15",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Entacapone_ddi | Entacapone_ddi | [
{
"id": "Entacapone_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"In vitro studies of human CYP enzymes showed that entacapone inhibited the CYP enzymes 1A2, 2A6, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 2E1 and 3A only at very high concentrations (IC50 from 200 to over 1000 uM; an oral 200 mg dose achieves a highest level of approximately 5 uM in people); these enzymes would therefore not be expected to be inhibited in clinical use. Protein Binding: Entacapone is highly protein bound (98%). In vitro studies have shown no binding displacement between entacapone and other highly bound drugs, such as warfarin, salicylic acid, phenylbutazone, and diazepam. Drugs Metabolized by Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT): Hormone levels: Levodopa is known to depress prolactin secretion and increase growth hormone levels. Treatment with entacapone coadministered with levodopa/dopa decarboxylase inhibitor does not change these effects. No interaction was noted with the MAO-B inhibitor selegiline in two multiple-dose interaction studies when entacapone was coadministered with a levodopa/dopa decarboxylase inhibitor (n=29). More than 600 Parkinsons disease patients in clinical trials have used selegiline in combination with entacapone and levodopa/dopa decarboxylase inhibitor. As most entacapone excretion is via the bile, caution should be exercised when drugs known to interfere with biliary excretion, glucuronidation, and intestinal beta-glucuronidase are given concurrently with entacapone. These include probenecid, cholestyramine, and some antibiotics (e.g. erythromycin, rifamipicin, ampicillin and chloramphenicol). No interaction with the tricyclic antidepressant imipramine was shown in a single-dose study with entacapone without coadministered levodopa/dopa-decarboxylase inhibitor."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1709
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Entacapone_ddi_T1",
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"entacapone"
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[
50,
60
]
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"normalized": []
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"id": "Entacapone_ddi_T2",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Entacapone"
],
"offsets": [
[
364,
374
]
],
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{
"id": "Entacapone_ddi_T3",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"entacapone"
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466,
476
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{
"id": "Entacapone_ddi_T4",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"warfarin"
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515,
523
]
],
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{
"id": "Entacapone_ddi_T5",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"salicylic acid"
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525,
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]
],
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"id": "Entacapone_ddi_T6",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
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541,
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"text": [
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561,
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"Levodopa"
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645,
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"id": "Entacapone_ddi_T9",
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"text": [
"entacapone"
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745,
755
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{
"id": "Entacapone_ddi_T10",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"levodopa"
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776,
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785,
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"id": "Entacapone_ddi_T12",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"MAO-B inhibitor"
],
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879,
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{
"id": "Entacapone_ddi_T13",
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"selegiline"
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895,
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"levodopa"
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989,
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"dopa decarboxylase inhibitor"
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998,
1026
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"selegiline"
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1106,
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"entacapone"
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"levodopa"
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1152,
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"entacapone"
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"entacapone"
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1398,
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{
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"probenecid"
],
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{
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1436,
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"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"antibiotics"
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1461,
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},
{
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"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"erythromycin"
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1479,
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{
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"ampicillin"
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1506,
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},
{
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"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"chloramphenicol"
],
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[
1521,
1536
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Entacapone_ddi_T29",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"tricyclic antidepressant"
],
"offsets": [
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1563,
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]
],
"normalized": []
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{
"id": "Entacapone_ddi_T30",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"imipramine"
],
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1588,
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"normalized": []
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{
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"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"entacapone"
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},
{
"id": "Entacapone_ddi_T32",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"levodopa"
],
"offsets": [
[
1671,
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],
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},
{
"id": "Entacapone_ddi_T33",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"dopa-decarboxylase inhibitor"
],
"offsets": [
[
1680,
1708
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
Azathioprine_ddi | Azathioprine_ddi | [
{
"id": "Azathioprine_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Use with Allopurinol: The principal pathway for detoxification of azathioprine is inhibited by allopurinol. Patients receiving azathioprine and allopurinol concomitantly should have a dose reduction of azathioprine, to approximately 1/3 to 1/4 the usual dose. Use with Other Agents Affecting Myelopoesis: Drugs which may affect leukocyte production, including co-trimoxazole, may lead to exaggerated leukopenia, especially in renal transplant recipients. Use with Angiotensln Converting Enzyme Inhibitors: The use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors to control hypertension in patients on azathioprine has been reported to induce severe leukopenia."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
656
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Azathioprine_ddi_T1",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Allopurinol"
],
"offsets": [
[
9,
20
]
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66,
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"azathioprine"
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] | [] | [] | [
{
"id": "Azathioprine_ddi_R1",
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"arg2_id": "Azathioprine_ddi_T3",
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},
{
"id": "Azathioprine_ddi_R3",
"type": "EFFECT",
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"arg2_id": "Azathioprine_ddi_T10",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Bupropion_ddi | Bupropion_ddi | [
{
"id": "Bupropion_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Few systemic data have been collected on the metabolism of WELLBUTRIN following concomitant administration with other drugs or, alternatively, the effect of concomitant administration of WELLBUTRIN on the metabolism of other drugs. Because bupropion is extensively metabolized, the coadministration of other drugs may affect its clinical activity. In vitro studies indicate that bupropion is primarily metabolized to hydroxybupropion by the CYP2B6 isoenzyme. Therefore, the potential exists for a drug interaction between WELLBUTRIN and drugs that affect the CYP2B6 isoenzyme (e.g., orphenadrine and cyclophosphamide). The threohydrobupropion metabolite of bupropion does not appear to be produced by the cytochrome P450 isoenzymes. The effects of concomitant administration of cimetidine on the pharmacokinetics of bupropion and its active metabolites were studied in 24 healthy young male volunteers. Following oral administration of two 150-mg sustained-release tablets with and without 800 mg of cimetidine, the pharmacokinetics of bupropion and hydroxybupropion were unaffected. However, there were 16% and 32% increases in the AUC and Cmax, respectively, of the combined moieties of threohydrobupropion and erythrohydrobupropion. While not systematically studied, certain drugs may induce the metabolism of bupropion (e.g., carbamazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin). Animal data indicated that bupropion may be an inducer of drug-metabolizing enzymes in humans. In one study, following chronic administration of bupropion, 100 mg 3 times daily to 8 healthy male volunteers for 14 days, there was no evidence of induction of its own metabolism. Nevertheless, there may be the potential for clinically important alterations of blood levels of coadministered drugs. Drugs Metabolized by Cytochrome P450IID6 (CYP2D6): Many drugs, including most antidepressants (SSRIs, many tricyclics), beta-blockers, antiarrhythmics, and antipsychotics are metabolized by the CYP2D6 isoenzyme. Although bupropion is not metabolized by this isoenzyme, bupropion and hydroxybupropion are inhibitors of the CYP2D6 isoenzyme in vitro. In a study of 15 male subjects (ages 19 to 35 years) who were extensive metabolizers of the CYP2D6 isoenzyme, daily doses of bupropion given as 150 mg twice daily followed by a single dose of 50 mg desipramine increased the Cmax, AUC, and t1/2 of desipramine by an average of approximately 2-, 5- and 2-fold, respectively. The effect was present for at least 7 days after the last dose of bupropion. Concomitant use of bupropion with other drugs metabolized by CYP2D6 has not been formally studied. Therefore, co-administration of bupropion with drugs that are metabolized by CYP2D6 isoenzyme including certain antidepressants (e.g., nortriptyline, imipramine, desipramine, paroxetine, fluoxetine, sertraline), antipsychotics (e.g., haloperidol, risperidone, thioridazine), beta-blockers (e.g., metoprolol), and Type 1C antiarrhythmics (e.g., propafenone, flecainide), should be approached with caution and should be initiated at the lower end of the dose range of the concomitant medication. If bupropion is added to the treatment regimen of a patient already receiving a drug metabolized by CYP2D6, the need to decrease the dose of the original medication should be considered, particularly for those concomitant medications with a narrow therapeutic index. MAO Inhibitors: Studies in animals demonstrate that the acute toxicity of bupropion is enhanced by the MAO inhibitor phenelzine . Levodopa and Amantadine: Limited clinical data suggest a higher incidence of adverse experiences in patients receiving bupropion concurrently with either levodopa or amantadine. Administration of WELLBUTRIN Tablets to patients receiving either levodopa or amantadine concurrently should be undertaken with caution, using small initial doses and small gradual dose increases. Drugs that Lower Seizure Threshold: Concurrent administration of WELLBUTRIN and agents (e.g., antipsychotics, other antidepressants, theophylline, systemic steroids, etc.) that lower seizure threshold should be undertaken only with extreme caution. Low initial dosing and small gradual dose increases should be employed. Nicotine Transdermal System: . Alcohol: In post-marketing experience, there have been rare reports of adverse neuropsychiatric events or reduced alcohol tolerance in patients who were drinking alcohol during treatment with WELLBUTRIN. The consumption of alcohol during treatment with WELLBUTRIN should be minimized or avoided (also see a href= bupropz_od.htm#CI CONTRAINDICATIONS) ."
],
"offsets": [
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0,
4586
]
]
}
] | [
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"WELLBUTRIN"
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59,
69
]
],
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"WELLBUTRIN"
],
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187,
197
]
],
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"bupropion"
],
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[
240,
249
]
],
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"id": "Bupropion_ddi_T4",
"type": "DRUG",
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"bupropion"
],
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[
379,
388
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Bupropion_ddi_T5",
"type": "DRUG_N",
"text": [
"hydroxybupropion"
],
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[
417,
433
]
],
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},
{
"id": "Bupropion_ddi_T6",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"WELLBUTRIN"
],
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[
522,
532
]
],
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},
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"id": "Bupropion_ddi_T7",
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"orphenadrine"
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583,
595
]
],
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"id": "Bupropion_ddi_T8",
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"cyclophosphamide"
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600,
616
]
],
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"id": "Bupropion_ddi_T9",
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"threohydrobupropion"
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623,
642
]
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"bupropion"
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657,
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]
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},
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"id": "Bupropion_ddi_T11",
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"cimetidine"
],
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778,
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]
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},
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"bupropion"
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816,
825
]
],
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},
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"id": "Bupropion_ddi_T13",
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"cimetidine"
],
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[
1000,
1010
]
],
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"bupropion"
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1036,
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]
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{
"id": "Bupropion_ddi_T15",
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"hydroxybupropion"
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1050,
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]
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"threohydrobupropion"
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]
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{
"id": "Bupropion_ddi_T17",
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"erythrohydrobupropion"
],
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1213,
1234
]
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"bupropion"
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1313,
1322
]
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{
"id": "Bupropion_ddi_T19",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"carbamazepine"
],
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1330,
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]
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"phenobarbital"
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1345,
1358
]
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"phenytoin"
],
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1360,
1369
]
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"bupropion"
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1408
]
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"text": [
"bupropion"
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[
1517,
1526
]
],
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"id": "Bupropion_ddi_T24",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"antidepressants"
],
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[
1846,
1861
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Bupropion_ddi_T25",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"tricyclics"
],
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[
1875,
1885
]
],
"normalized": []
},
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"id": "Bupropion_ddi_T26",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"beta-blockers"
],
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[
1888,
1901
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Bupropion_ddi_T27",
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"antiarrhythmics"
],
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]
],
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},
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"antipsychotics"
],
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1924,
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]
],
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},
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"text": [
"bupropion"
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[
1989,
1998
]
],
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"bupropion"
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2037,
2046
]
],
"normalized": []
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{
"id": "Bupropion_ddi_T31",
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"text": [
"hydroxybupropion"
],
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[
2051,
2067
]
],
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"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"bupropion"
],
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[
2242,
2251
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Bupropion_ddi_T33",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"desipramine"
],
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[
2315,
2326
]
],
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"type": "DRUG",
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"desipramine"
],
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[
2364,
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]
],
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{
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"bupropion"
],
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[
2506,
2515
]
],
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"bupropion"
],
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]
],
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{
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"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"bupropion"
],
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[
2648,
2657
]
],
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},
{
"id": "Bupropion_ddi_T38",
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"antidepressants"
],
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2728,
2743
]
],
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},
{
"id": "Bupropion_ddi_T39",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"nortriptyline"
],
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[
2751,
2764
]
],
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},
{
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"imipramine"
],
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2766,
2776
]
],
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},
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"desipramine"
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2778,
2789
]
],
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{
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"paroxetine"
],
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2791,
2801
]
],
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"fluoxetine"
],
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2803,
2813
]
],
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},
{
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"sertraline"
],
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2815,
2825
]
],
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"antipsychotics"
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]
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"haloperidol"
],
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2850,
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]
],
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"risperidone"
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]
],
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"thioridazine"
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]
],
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]
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]
],
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]
],
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"propafenone"
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2960,
2971
]
],
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},
{
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"flecainide"
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2973,
2983
]
],
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"bupropion"
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3122
]
],
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"MAO Inhibitors"
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3391
]
],
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3451,
3460
]
],
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]
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"phenelzine"
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"Levodopa"
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],
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],
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]
],
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"levodopa"
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3661,
3669
]
],
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"amantadine"
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3673,
3683
]
],
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"WELLBUTRIN"
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3713
]
],
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"levodopa"
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3751,
3759
]
],
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"amantadine"
],
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3763,
3773
]
],
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},
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"WELLBUTRIN"
],
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3947,
3957
]
],
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},
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"antipsychotics"
],
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3976,
3990
]
],
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},
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"antidepressants"
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3998,
4013
]
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},
{
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"theophylline"
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4015,
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]
],
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"steroids"
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4038,
4046
]
],
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},
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"Nicotine"
],
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4203,
4211
]
],
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"Alcohol"
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4234,
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],
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"alcohol"
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4348,
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],
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"alcohol"
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4396,
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"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Bupropion_ddi_T76",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"WELLBUTRIN"
],
"offsets": [
[
4426,
4436
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Bupropion_ddi_T77",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"alcohol"
],
"offsets": [
[
4457,
4464
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Bupropion_ddi_T78",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"WELLBUTRIN"
],
"offsets": [
[
4487,
4497
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"id": "Bupropion_ddi_R1",
"type": "INT",
"arg1_id": "Bupropion_ddi_T6",
"arg2_id": "Bupropion_ddi_T7",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Bupropion_ddi_R2",
"type": "INT",
"arg1_id": "Bupropion_ddi_T6",
"arg2_id": "Bupropion_ddi_T8",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Bupropion_ddi_R3",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Bupropion_ddi_T18",
"arg2_id": "Bupropion_ddi_T19",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Bupropion_ddi_R4",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Bupropion_ddi_T18",
"arg2_id": "Bupropion_ddi_T20",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Bupropion_ddi_R5",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Bupropion_ddi_T18",
"arg2_id": "Bupropion_ddi_T21",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Bupropion_ddi_R6",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Bupropion_ddi_T32",
"arg2_id": "Bupropion_ddi_T33",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Bupropion_ddi_R7",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Bupropion_ddi_T37",
"arg2_id": "Bupropion_ddi_T38",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Bupropion_ddi_R8",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Bupropion_ddi_T37",
"arg2_id": "Bupropion_ddi_T39",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Bupropion_ddi_R9",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Bupropion_ddi_T37",
"arg2_id": "Bupropion_ddi_T40",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Bupropion_ddi_R10",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Bupropion_ddi_T37",
"arg2_id": "Bupropion_ddi_T41",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Bupropion_ddi_R11",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Bupropion_ddi_T37",
"arg2_id": "Bupropion_ddi_T42",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Bupropion_ddi_R12",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Bupropion_ddi_T37",
"arg2_id": "Bupropion_ddi_T43",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Bupropion_ddi_R13",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Bupropion_ddi_T37",
"arg2_id": "Bupropion_ddi_T44",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Bupropion_ddi_R14",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Bupropion_ddi_T37",
"arg2_id": "Bupropion_ddi_T45",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Bupropion_ddi_R15",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Bupropion_ddi_T37",
"arg2_id": "Bupropion_ddi_T46",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Bupropion_ddi_R16",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Bupropion_ddi_T37",
"arg2_id": "Bupropion_ddi_T47",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Bupropion_ddi_R17",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Bupropion_ddi_T37",
"arg2_id": "Bupropion_ddi_T48",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Bupropion_ddi_R18",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Bupropion_ddi_T37",
"arg2_id": "Bupropion_ddi_T49",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Bupropion_ddi_R19",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Bupropion_ddi_T37",
"arg2_id": "Bupropion_ddi_T50",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Bupropion_ddi_R20",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Bupropion_ddi_T37",
"arg2_id": "Bupropion_ddi_T51",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Bupropion_ddi_R21",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Bupropion_ddi_T37",
"arg2_id": "Bupropion_ddi_T52",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Bupropion_ddi_R22",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Bupropion_ddi_T37",
"arg2_id": "Bupropion_ddi_T53",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Bupropion_ddi_R23",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Bupropion_ddi_T56",
"arg2_id": "Bupropion_ddi_T58",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Bupropion_ddi_R24",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Bupropion_ddi_T61",
"arg2_id": "Bupropion_ddi_T62",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Bupropion_ddi_R25",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Bupropion_ddi_T61",
"arg2_id": "Bupropion_ddi_T63",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Bupropion_ddi_R26",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Bupropion_ddi_T64",
"arg2_id": "Bupropion_ddi_T65",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Bupropion_ddi_R27",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Bupropion_ddi_T64",
"arg2_id": "Bupropion_ddi_T66",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Bupropion_ddi_R28",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Bupropion_ddi_T67",
"arg2_id": "Bupropion_ddi_T68",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Bupropion_ddi_R29",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Bupropion_ddi_T67",
"arg2_id": "Bupropion_ddi_T69",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Bupropion_ddi_R30",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Bupropion_ddi_T67",
"arg2_id": "Bupropion_ddi_T70",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Bupropion_ddi_R31",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Bupropion_ddi_T67",
"arg2_id": "Bupropion_ddi_T71",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Bupropion_ddi_R32",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Bupropion_ddi_T75",
"arg2_id": "Bupropion_ddi_T76",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Bupropion_ddi_R33",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Bupropion_ddi_T77",
"arg2_id": "Bupropion_ddi_T78",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Cefepime_ddi | Cefepime_ddi | [
{
"id": "Cefepime_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Renal function should be monitored carefully if high doses of aminoglycosides are to be administered with MAXIPIME because of the increased potential of nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity of aminoglycoside antibiotics. Nephrotoxicity has been reported following concomitant administration of other cephalosporins with potent diuretics such as furosemide. Drug/Laboratory Test Interactions The administration of cefepime may result in a false-positive reaction for glucose in the urine when using Clinitest tablets. It is recommended that glucose tests based on enzymatic glucose oxidase reactions (such as Clinistix or Tes-Tape ) be used."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
637
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Cefepime_ddi_T1",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"aminoglycosides"
],
"offsets": [
[
62,
77
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cefepime_ddi_T2",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"MAXIPIME"
],
"offsets": [
[
106,
114
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cefepime_ddi_T3",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"aminoglycoside antibiotics"
],
"offsets": [
[
187,
213
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cefepime_ddi_T4",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"cephalosporins"
],
"offsets": [
[
294,
308
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cefepime_ddi_T5",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"diuretics"
],
"offsets": [
[
321,
330
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cefepime_ddi_T6",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"furosemide"
],
"offsets": [
[
339,
349
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cefepime_ddi_T7",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"cefepime"
],
"offsets": [
[
407,
415
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"id": "Cefepime_ddi_R1",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Cefepime_ddi_T1",
"arg2_id": "Cefepime_ddi_T2",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cefepime_ddi_R2",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Cefepime_ddi_T4",
"arg2_id": "Cefepime_ddi_T5",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cefepime_ddi_R3",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Cefepime_ddi_T4",
"arg2_id": "Cefepime_ddi_T6",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Nisoldipine_ddi | Nisoldipine_ddi | [
{
"id": "Nisoldipine_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"A 30 to 45% increase in AUC and Cmax of nisoldipine was observed with concomitant administration of cimetidine 400 mg twice daily. Ranitidine 150 mg twice daily did not interact significantly with nisoldipine (AUC was decreased by 15-20 %). No pharmacodynamic effects of either histamine H2 receptor antagonist were observed. Coadministration of phenytoin with 40 mg SULAR tablets in epileptic patients lowered the nisoldipine plasma concentrations to undetectable levels. Coadministration of SULAR with phenytoin or any known CYP3A4 inducer should be avoided and alternative antihypertensive therapy should be considered. Pharmacokinetic interactions between nisoldipine and beta-blockers (atenolol, propranolol) were variable and not significant. Propranolol attenuated the heart rate increase following administration of immediate release nisoldipine. The blood pressure effect of SULAR tended to be greater in patients on atenolol than in patients on no other antihypertensive therapy. Quinidine at 648 mg bid decreased the bioavailability (AUC) of nisoldipine by 26%, but not the peak concentration. The immediate release, but not the coat-core formulation of nisoldipine increased plasma quinidine concentrations by about 20%. This interaction was not accompanied by ECG changes and its clinical significance is not known. No significant interactions were found between nisoldipine and warfarin or digoxin."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1412
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Nisoldipine_ddi_T1",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"nisoldipine"
],
"offsets": [
[
40,
51
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nisoldipine_ddi_T2",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"cimetidine 400 mg"
],
"offsets": [
[
100,
117
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nisoldipine_ddi_T3",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Ranitidine"
],
"offsets": [
[
131,
141
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nisoldipine_ddi_T4",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"nisoldipine"
],
"offsets": [
[
197,
208
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nisoldipine_ddi_T5",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"histamine H2 receptor antagonist"
],
"offsets": [
[
278,
310
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nisoldipine_ddi_T6",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"phenytoin"
],
"offsets": [
[
346,
355
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nisoldipine_ddi_T7",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"SULAR"
],
"offsets": [
[
367,
372
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nisoldipine_ddi_T8",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"nisoldipine"
],
"offsets": [
[
415,
426
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nisoldipine_ddi_T9",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"SULAR"
],
"offsets": [
[
493,
498
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nisoldipine_ddi_T10",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"phenytoin"
],
"offsets": [
[
504,
513
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nisoldipine_ddi_T11",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"antihypertensive"
],
"offsets": [
[
576,
592
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nisoldipine_ddi_T12",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"nisoldipine"
],
"offsets": [
[
660,
671
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nisoldipine_ddi_T13",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"beta-blockers"
],
"offsets": [
[
676,
689
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nisoldipine_ddi_T14",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"atenolol"
],
"offsets": [
[
691,
699
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nisoldipine_ddi_T15",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"propranolol"
],
"offsets": [
[
701,
712
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nisoldipine_ddi_T16",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Propranolol"
],
"offsets": [
[
749,
760
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nisoldipine_ddi_T17",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"nisoldipine"
],
"offsets": [
[
842,
853
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nisoldipine_ddi_T18",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"SULAR"
],
"offsets": [
[
884,
889
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nisoldipine_ddi_T19",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"atenolol"
],
"offsets": [
[
926,
934
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nisoldipine_ddi_T20",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"antihypertensive"
],
"offsets": [
[
964,
980
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nisoldipine_ddi_T21",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Quinidine"
],
"offsets": [
[
990,
999
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nisoldipine_ddi_T22",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"nisoldipine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1053,
1064
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nisoldipine_ddi_T23",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"nisoldipine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1165,
1176
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nisoldipine_ddi_T24",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"quinidine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1194,
1203
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nisoldipine_ddi_T25",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"nisoldipine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1376,
1387
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nisoldipine_ddi_T26",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"warfarin"
],
"offsets": [
[
1392,
1400
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nisoldipine_ddi_T27",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"digoxin"
],
"offsets": [
[
1404,
1411
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"id": "Nisoldipine_ddi_R1",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Nisoldipine_ddi_T1",
"arg2_id": "Nisoldipine_ddi_T2",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nisoldipine_ddi_R2",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Nisoldipine_ddi_T6",
"arg2_id": "Nisoldipine_ddi_T7",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nisoldipine_ddi_R3",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Nisoldipine_ddi_T9",
"arg2_id": "Nisoldipine_ddi_T10",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nisoldipine_ddi_R4",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Nisoldipine_ddi_T16",
"arg2_id": "Nisoldipine_ddi_T17",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nisoldipine_ddi_R5",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Nisoldipine_ddi_T18",
"arg2_id": "Nisoldipine_ddi_T19",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nisoldipine_ddi_R6",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Nisoldipine_ddi_T21",
"arg2_id": "Nisoldipine_ddi_T22",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nisoldipine_ddi_R7",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Nisoldipine_ddi_T23",
"arg2_id": "Nisoldipine_ddi_T24",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Benzocaine_ddi | Benzocaine_ddi | [
{
"id": "Benzocaine_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"No information is available."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
28
]
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] | [] |
Follitropin beta_ddi | Follitropin beta_ddi | [
{
"id": "Follitropin beta_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"No drug/drug interaction studies have been performed."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
53
]
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] | [] |
Butorphanol_ddi | Butorphanol_ddi | [
{
"id": "Butorphanol_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Concurrent use of butorphanol with central nervous system depressants (e.g., alcohol, barbiturates, tranquilizers, and antihistamines) may result in increased central nervous system depressant effects. When used concurrently with such drugs, the dose of butorphanol should be the smallest effective dose and the frequency of dosing reduced as much as possible when administered concomitantly with drugs that potentiate the action of opioids. In healthy volunteers, the pharmacokinetics of a 1-mg dose of butorphanol administered as STADOL NS were not affected by the coadministration of a single 6-mg subcutaneous dose of sumatriptan. However, in another study in healthy volunteers, the pharmacokinetics of butorphanol were significantly altered (29% decrease in AUC and 38% decrease in Cmax) when a 1-mg dose of STADOL NS was administered 1 minute after a 20-mg dose of sumatriptan nasal spray. (The two drugs were administered in opposite nostrils.) When the STADOL NS was administered 30 minutes after the sumatriptan nasal spray, the AUC of butorphanol increased 11% and Cmax decreased 18%. In neither case were the pharmacokinetics of sumatriptan affected by coadministration with STADOL NS. These results suggest that the analgesic effect of STADOL NS may be diminished when it is administered shortly after sumatriptan nasal spray, but by 30 minutes any such reduction in effect should be minimal. The safety of using STADOL NS and IMITREX (sumatriptan) Nasal Spray during the same episode of migraine has not been established. However, it should be noted that both products are capable of producing transient increases in blood pressure. The pharmacokinetics of a 1-mg dose of butorphanol administered as STADOL NS were not affected by the coadministration of cimetidine (300 mg QID). Conversely, the administration of STADOL NS (1 mg butorphanol QID) did not alter the pharmacokinetics of a 300-mg dose of cimetidine. It is not known if the effects of butorphanol are altered by concomitant medications that affect hepatic metabolism of drugs (erythromycin, etc.), but physicians should be alert to the possibility that a smaller initial dose and longer intervals between doses may be needed. The fraction of STADOL NS absorbed is unaffected by the concomitant administration of a nasal vasoconstrictor (oxymetazoline), but the rate of absorption is decreased. Therefore, a slower onset can be anticipated if STADOL NS is administered concomitantly with, or immediately following, a nasal vasoconstrictor. No information is available about the use of butorphanol concurrently with MAO inhibitors."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2606
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Butorphanol_ddi_T1",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"butorphanol"
],
"offsets": [
[
18,
29
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Butorphanol_ddi_T2",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"central nervous system depressants"
],
"offsets": [
[
35,
69
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Butorphanol_ddi_T3",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"alcohol"
],
"offsets": [
[
77,
84
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Butorphanol_ddi_T4",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"barbiturates"
],
"offsets": [
[
86,
98
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Butorphanol_ddi_T5",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"tranquilizers"
],
"offsets": [
[
100,
113
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Butorphanol_ddi_T6",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"antihistamines"
],
"offsets": [
[
119,
133
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Butorphanol_ddi_T7",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"central nervous system depressant"
],
"offsets": [
[
159,
192
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Butorphanol_ddi_T8",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"butorphanol"
],
"offsets": [
[
254,
265
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Butorphanol_ddi_T9",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"opioids"
],
"offsets": [
[
433,
440
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Butorphanol_ddi_T10",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"butorphanol"
],
"offsets": [
[
504,
515
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Butorphanol_ddi_T11",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"STADOL NS"
],
"offsets": [
[
532,
541
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Butorphanol_ddi_T12",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"sumatriptan"
],
"offsets": [
[
622,
633
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Butorphanol_ddi_T13",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"butorphanol"
],
"offsets": [
[
708,
719
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Butorphanol_ddi_T14",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"STADOL NS"
],
"offsets": [
[
814,
823
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Butorphanol_ddi_T15",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"sumatriptan"
],
"offsets": [
[
872,
883
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Butorphanol_ddi_T16",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"STADOL NS"
],
"offsets": [
[
962,
971
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Butorphanol_ddi_T17",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"sumatriptan"
],
"offsets": [
[
1010,
1021
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Butorphanol_ddi_T18",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"butorphanol"
],
"offsets": [
[
1046,
1057
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Butorphanol_ddi_T19",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"sumatriptan"
],
"offsets": [
[
1141,
1152
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Butorphanol_ddi_T20",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"STADOL NS"
],
"offsets": [
[
1187,
1196
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Butorphanol_ddi_T21",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"STADOL NS"
],
"offsets": [
[
1249,
1258
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Butorphanol_ddi_T22",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"sumatriptan"
],
"offsets": [
[
1315,
1326
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Butorphanol_ddi_T23",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"STADOL NS"
],
"offsets": [
[
1426,
1435
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Butorphanol_ddi_T24",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"IMITREX"
],
"offsets": [
[
1440,
1447
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Butorphanol_ddi_T25",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"sumatriptan"
],
"offsets": [
[
1449,
1460
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Butorphanol_ddi_T26",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"butorphanol"
],
"offsets": [
[
1686,
1697
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Butorphanol_ddi_T27",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"STADOL NS"
],
"offsets": [
[
1714,
1723
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Butorphanol_ddi_T28",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"cimetidine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1769,
1779
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Butorphanol_ddi_T29",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"STADOL NS"
],
"offsets": [
[
1828,
1837
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Butorphanol_ddi_T30",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"butorphanol"
],
"offsets": [
[
1844,
1855
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Butorphanol_ddi_T31",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"cimetidine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1916,
1926
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Butorphanol_ddi_T32",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"butorphanol"
],
"offsets": [
[
1962,
1973
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Butorphanol_ddi_T33",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"erythromycin"
],
"offsets": [
[
2054,
2066
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Butorphanol_ddi_T34",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"STADOL NS"
],
"offsets": [
[
2219,
2228
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Butorphanol_ddi_T35",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"nasal vasoconstrictor"
],
"offsets": [
[
2291,
2312
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Butorphanol_ddi_T36",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"oxymetazoline"
],
"offsets": [
[
2314,
2327
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Butorphanol_ddi_T37",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"STADOL NS"
],
"offsets": [
[
2419,
2428
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Butorphanol_ddi_T38",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"nasal vasoconstrictor"
],
"offsets": [
[
2493,
2514
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Butorphanol_ddi_T39",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"butorphanol"
],
"offsets": [
[
2561,
2572
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Butorphanol_ddi_T40",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"MAO inhibitors"
],
"offsets": [
[
2591,
2605
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"id": "Butorphanol_ddi_R1",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Butorphanol_ddi_T1",
"arg2_id": "Butorphanol_ddi_T2",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Butorphanol_ddi_R2",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Butorphanol_ddi_T1",
"arg2_id": "Butorphanol_ddi_T3",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Butorphanol_ddi_R3",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Butorphanol_ddi_T1",
"arg2_id": "Butorphanol_ddi_T4",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Butorphanol_ddi_R4",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Butorphanol_ddi_T1",
"arg2_id": "Butorphanol_ddi_T5",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Butorphanol_ddi_R5",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Butorphanol_ddi_T1",
"arg2_id": "Butorphanol_ddi_T6",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Butorphanol_ddi_R6",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Butorphanol_ddi_T14",
"arg2_id": "Butorphanol_ddi_T15",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Butorphanol_ddi_R7",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Butorphanol_ddi_T16",
"arg2_id": "Butorphanol_ddi_T17",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Butorphanol_ddi_R8",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Butorphanol_ddi_T21",
"arg2_id": "Butorphanol_ddi_T22",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Butorphanol_ddi_R9",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Butorphanol_ddi_T32",
"arg2_id": "Butorphanol_ddi_T33",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Butorphanol_ddi_R10",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Butorphanol_ddi_T37",
"arg2_id": "Butorphanol_ddi_T38",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Ketamine_ddi | Ketamine_ddi | [
{
"id": "Ketamine_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Prolonged recovery time may occur if barbiturates and/or narcotics are used concurrently with ketamine. Ketamine is clinically compatible with the commonly used general and local anesthetic agents when an adequate respiratory exchange is maintained."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
249
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Ketamine_ddi_T1",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"barbiturates"
],
"offsets": [
[
37,
49
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ketamine_ddi_T2",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"narcotics"
],
"offsets": [
[
57,
66
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ketamine_ddi_T3",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"ketamine"
],
"offsets": [
[
94,
102
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ketamine_ddi_T4",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Ketamine"
],
"offsets": [
[
104,
112
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ketamine_ddi_T5",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"anesthetic agents"
],
"offsets": [
[
179,
196
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"id": "Ketamine_ddi_R1",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Ketamine_ddi_T1",
"arg2_id": "Ketamine_ddi_T3",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ketamine_ddi_R2",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Ketamine_ddi_T2",
"arg2_id": "Ketamine_ddi_T3",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Clidinium_ddi | Clidinium_ddi | [
{
"id": "Clidinium_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Amantadine, tricyclic antidepressants, and MAOIs may increase anticholinergic effect of clidinium. Clidinium may decrease the effect of phenothiazines, levodopa, and ketoconazole."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
179
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Clidinium_ddi_T1",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Amantadine"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
10
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Clidinium_ddi_T2",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"tricyclic antidepressants"
],
"offsets": [
[
12,
37
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Clidinium_ddi_T3",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"MAOIs"
],
"offsets": [
[
43,
48
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Clidinium_ddi_T4",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"clidinium"
],
"offsets": [
[
88,
97
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Clidinium_ddi_T5",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Clidinium"
],
"offsets": [
[
99,
108
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Clidinium_ddi_T6",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"phenothiazines"
],
"offsets": [
[
136,
150
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Clidinium_ddi_T7",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"levodopa"
],
"offsets": [
[
152,
160
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Clidinium_ddi_T8",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"ketoconazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
166,
178
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"id": "Clidinium_ddi_R1",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Clidinium_ddi_T1",
"arg2_id": "Clidinium_ddi_T4",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Clidinium_ddi_R2",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Clidinium_ddi_T2",
"arg2_id": "Clidinium_ddi_T4",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Clidinium_ddi_R3",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Clidinium_ddi_T3",
"arg2_id": "Clidinium_ddi_T4",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Clidinium_ddi_R4",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Clidinium_ddi_T5",
"arg2_id": "Clidinium_ddi_T6",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Clidinium_ddi_R5",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Clidinium_ddi_T5",
"arg2_id": "Clidinium_ddi_T7",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Clidinium_ddi_R6",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Clidinium_ddi_T5",
"arg2_id": "Clidinium_ddi_T8",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Imiquimod_ddi | Imiquimod_ddi | [
{
"id": "Imiquimod_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"No information available ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
26
]
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] | [] |
Folic Acid_ddi | Folic Acid_ddi | [
{
"id": "Folic Acid_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Medications that interfere with your bodys ability to use folate may also increase the need for this vitamin. Medications can interfere with folate utilization, including: anticonvulsant medications (such as phenytoin, and primidone) metformin (sometimes prescribed to control blood sugar in type 2 diabetes) sulfasalazine (used to control inflammation associated with Crohns disease and ulcerative colitis) triamterene (a diuretic) Methotrexate There has been concern about the interaction between vitamin B12 and folic acid. Folic acid supplements can correct the anemia associated with vitamin B12 deficiency. Unfortunately, folic acid will not correct changes in the nervous system that result from vitamin B12 deficiency. Permanent nerve damage could theoretically occur if vitamin B12 deficiency is not treated. Therefore, intake of supplemental folic acid should not exceed 1000 micrograms ( g, sometimes mcg) per day to prevent folic acid from masking symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency. It is important for older adults to be aware of the relationship between folic acid and vitamin B12 because they are at greater risk of having a vitamin B12 deficiency. If you are 50 years of age or older, ask your physician to check your B12 status before you take a supplement that contains folic acid."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1300
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Folic Acid_ddi_T1",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"vitamin"
],
"offsets": [
[
101,
108
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Folic Acid_ddi_T2",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"anticonvulsant medications"
],
"offsets": [
[
172,
198
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Folic Acid_ddi_T3",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"phenytoin"
],
"offsets": [
[
208,
217
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Folic Acid_ddi_T4",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"primidone"
],
"offsets": [
[
223,
232
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Folic Acid_ddi_T5",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"metformin"
],
"offsets": [
[
234,
243
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Folic Acid_ddi_T6",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"sulfasalazine"
],
"offsets": [
[
309,
322
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Folic Acid_ddi_T7",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"triamterene"
],
"offsets": [
[
408,
419
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Folic Acid_ddi_T8",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"diuretic"
],
"offsets": [
[
423,
431
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Folic Acid_ddi_T9",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Methotrexate"
],
"offsets": [
[
433,
445
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Folic Acid_ddi_T10",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"vitamin B12"
],
"offsets": [
[
499,
510
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Folic Acid_ddi_T11",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"folic acid"
],
"offsets": [
[
515,
525
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Folic Acid_ddi_T12",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Folic acid"
],
"offsets": [
[
527,
537
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Folic Acid_ddi_T13",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"folic acid"
],
"offsets": [
[
628,
638
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Folic Acid_ddi_T14",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"folic acid"
],
"offsets": [
[
852,
862
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Folic Acid_ddi_T15",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"folic acid"
],
"offsets": [
[
936,
946
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Folic Acid_ddi_T16",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"folic acid"
],
"offsets": [
[
1069,
1079
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Folic Acid_ddi_T17",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"vitamin B12"
],
"offsets": [
[
1084,
1095
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Folic Acid_ddi_T18",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"folic acid"
],
"offsets": [
[
1289,
1299
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"id": "Folic Acid_ddi_R1",
"type": "INT",
"arg1_id": "Folic Acid_ddi_T10",
"arg2_id": "Folic Acid_ddi_T11",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Finasteride_ddi | Finasteride_ddi | [
{
"id": "Finasteride_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"No drug interactions of clinical importance have been identified. Finasteride does not appear to affect the cytochrome P450-linked drug-metabolizing enzyme system. Compounds that have been tested in man include antipyrine, digoxin, propranolol, theophylline, and warfarin and no clinically meaningful interactions were found. Other concomitant therapy Although specific interaction studies were not performed, finasteride doses of 1 mg or more were concomitantly used in clinical studies with acetaminophen, acetylsalicylic acid, a-blockers, analgesics, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, anticonvulsants, benzodiazepines, beta blockers, calcium-channel blockers, cardiac nitrates, diuretics, H2 antagonists, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors (also referred to as NSAIDs), and quinolone anti-infectives without evidence of clinically significant adverse interactions. Drug/Laboratory Test Interactions Finasteride had no effect on circulating levels of cortisol, thyroid-stimulating hormone, or thyroxine, nor did it affect the plasma lipid profile (e.g., total cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins, high-density lipoproteins and triglycerides) or bone mineral density. In studies with finasteride, no clinically meaningful changes in luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) or prolactin were detected. In healthy volunteers, treatment with finasteride did not alter the response of LH and FSH to gonadotropin-releasing hormone indicating that the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis was not affected. In clinical studies with PROPECIA (finasteride, 1 mg) in men 18-41 years of age, the mean value of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) decreased from 0.7 ng/mL at baseline to 0.5 ng/mL at Month 12. Further, in clinical studies with PROSCAR (finasteride, 5 mg) when used in older men who have benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), PSA levels are decreased by approximately 50%. These findings should be taken into account for proper interpretation of serum PSA when evaluating men treated with finasteride."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2077
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Finasteride_ddi_T1",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Finasteride"
],
"offsets": [
[
66,
77
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Finasteride_ddi_T2",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"antipyrine"
],
"offsets": [
[
211,
221
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Finasteride_ddi_T3",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"digoxin"
],
"offsets": [
[
223,
230
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Finasteride_ddi_T4",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"propranolol"
],
"offsets": [
[
232,
243
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Finasteride_ddi_T5",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"theophylline"
],
"offsets": [
[
245,
257
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Finasteride_ddi_T6",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"warfarin"
],
"offsets": [
[
263,
271
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Finasteride_ddi_T7",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"finasteride"
],
"offsets": [
[
410,
421
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Finasteride_ddi_T8",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"acetaminophen"
],
"offsets": [
[
493,
506
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Finasteride_ddi_T9",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"acetylsalicylic acid"
],
"offsets": [
[
508,
528
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Finasteride_ddi_T10",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"analgesics"
],
"offsets": [
[
542,
552
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Finasteride_ddi_T11",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors"
],
"offsets": [
[
554,
600
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Finasteride_ddi_T12",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"anticonvulsants"
],
"offsets": [
[
602,
617
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Finasteride_ddi_T13",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"benzodiazepines"
],
"offsets": [
[
619,
634
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Finasteride_ddi_T14",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"beta blockers"
],
"offsets": [
[
636,
649
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Finasteride_ddi_T15",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"calcium-channel blockers"
],
"offsets": [
[
651,
675
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Finasteride_ddi_T16",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"nitrates"
],
"offsets": [
[
685,
693
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Finasteride_ddi_T17",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"diuretics"
],
"offsets": [
[
695,
704
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Finasteride_ddi_T18",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"H2 antagonists"
],
"offsets": [
[
706,
720
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Finasteride_ddi_T19",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors"
],
"offsets": [
[
722,
750
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Finasteride_ddi_T20",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors"
],
"offsets": [
[
752,
787
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Finasteride_ddi_T21",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"NSAIDs"
],
"offsets": [
[
809,
815
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Finasteride_ddi_T22",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"quinolone anti-infectives"
],
"offsets": [
[
822,
847
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Finasteride_ddi_T23",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Finasteride"
],
"offsets": [
[
947,
958
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Finasteride_ddi_T24",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"finasteride"
],
"offsets": [
[
1232,
1243
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Finasteride_ddi_T25",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"finasteride"
],
"offsets": [
[
1408,
1419
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Finasteride_ddi_T26",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"PROPECIA"
],
"offsets": [
[
1597,
1605
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Finasteride_ddi_T27",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"finasteride"
],
"offsets": [
[
1607,
1618
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Finasteride_ddi_T28",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"PROSCAR"
],
"offsets": [
[
1806,
1813
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Finasteride_ddi_T29",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"finasteride"
],
"offsets": [
[
1815,
1826
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Finasteride_ddi_T30",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"finasteride"
],
"offsets": [
[
2065,
2076
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
Didanosine_ddi | Didanosine_ddi | [
{
"id": "Didanosine_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Coadministration of VIDEX with drugs that are known to cause pancreatitis may increase the risk of this toxicity (see WARNINGS) and should be done with extreme caution, only if other alternatives are not available, and only if clearly indicated. Neuropathy has occurred more frequently in patients with a history of neuropathy or neurotoxic drug therapy, including stavudine, and these patients may be at increased risk of neuropathy during VIDEX therapy (see ADVERSE REACTIONS). Allopurinol: The AUC of didanosine was increased about 4-fold when allopurinol at 300 mg/day was coadministered with a single 200-mg dose of VIDEX to two patients with renal impairment (CLcr=15 and 18 mL/min). The effects of allopurinol on didanosine pharmacokinetics in subjects with normal renal function are not known. Antacids: Concomitant administration of antacids containing magnesium or aluminum with VIDEX Chewable/Dispersible Buffered Tablets or Pediatric Powder for Oral Solution may potentiate adverse events associated with the antacid components. Drugs Whose Absorption Can Be Affected by the Level of Acidity in the Stomach: Drugs such as ketoconazole and itraconazole should be administered at least 2 hours prior to dosing with VIDEX. Ganciclovir: Administration of VIDEX 2 hours prior to or concurrent with oral ganciclovir was associated with a 111 (114)% increase in the steady-state AUC of didanosine (n = 12). A 21 (17)% decrease in the steady-state AUC of ganciclovir was observed when VIDEX was administered 2 hours prior to ganciclovir, but not when the two drugs were administered simultaneously (n = 12). Quinolone Antibiotics: VIDEX should be administered at least 2 hours after or 6 hours before dosing with ciprofloxacin because plasma concentrations of ciprofloxacin are decreased when administered with antacids containing magnesium, calcium, or aluminum. In eight HIV-infected patients, the steady-state AUC of ciprofloxacin was decreased an average of 26% (95% CI = 14%, 37%) when ciprofloxacin was administered 2 hours prior to a marketed chewable/dispersible tablet formulation of VIDEX. The AUC of ciprofloxacin was decreased an average of 15-fold in 12 healthy subjects given ciprofloxacin and didanosine-placebo tablets concurrently. In a single subject given one dose of ciprofloxacin 2 hours after a dose of didanosine-placebo tablets, a greater than 50% reduction in the AUC of ciprofloxacin was observed. Plasma concentrations of quinolone antibiotics are decreased when administered with antacids containing magnesium, calcium, or aluminum. The optimal dosing interval for coadministration with VIDEX should be determined by consulting the appropriate quinolone package insert. Interactions with Other Antiretroviral Drugs: Significant decreases in the AUC of delavirdine (20%) and indinavir (84%) occurred following simultaneous administration of these agents with VIDEX. To avoid this interaction, delavirdine or indinavir should be given 1 hour prior to dosing with VIDEX. The pharmacokinetics of nelfinavir are not altered to a clinically significant degree when it is administered with a light meal 1 hour after VIDEX."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
3147
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Didanosine_ddi_T1",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"VIDEX"
],
"offsets": [
[
20,
25
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Didanosine_ddi_T2",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"stavudine"
],
"offsets": [
[
365,
374
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Didanosine_ddi_T3",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"VIDEX"
],
"offsets": [
[
441,
446
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Didanosine_ddi_T4",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Allopurinol"
],
"offsets": [
[
480,
491
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Didanosine_ddi_T5",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"didanosine"
],
"offsets": [
[
504,
514
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Didanosine_ddi_T6",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"allopurinol"
],
"offsets": [
[
547,
558
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Didanosine_ddi_T7",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"VIDEX"
],
"offsets": [
[
621,
626
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Didanosine_ddi_T8",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"allopurinol"
],
"offsets": [
[
705,
716
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Didanosine_ddi_T9",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"didanosine"
],
"offsets": [
[
720,
730
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Didanosine_ddi_T10",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Antacids"
],
"offsets": [
[
802,
810
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Didanosine_ddi_T11",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"antacids"
],
"offsets": [
[
842,
850
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Didanosine_ddi_T12",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"magnesium"
],
"offsets": [
[
862,
871
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Didanosine_ddi_T13",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"aluminum"
],
"offsets": [
[
875,
883
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Didanosine_ddi_T14",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"VIDEX"
],
"offsets": [
[
889,
894
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Didanosine_ddi_T15",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"antacid"
],
"offsets": [
[
1021,
1028
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Didanosine_ddi_T16",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"ketoconazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
1134,
1146
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Didanosine_ddi_T17",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"itraconazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
1151,
1163
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Didanosine_ddi_T18",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"VIDEX"
],
"offsets": [
[
1225,
1230
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Didanosine_ddi_T19",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Ganciclovir"
],
"offsets": [
[
1232,
1243
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Didanosine_ddi_T20",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"VIDEX"
],
"offsets": [
[
1263,
1268
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Didanosine_ddi_T21",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"ganciclovir"
],
"offsets": [
[
1310,
1321
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Didanosine_ddi_T22",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"didanosine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1391,
1401
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Didanosine_ddi_T23",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"ganciclovir"
],
"offsets": [
[
1459,
1470
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Didanosine_ddi_T24",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"VIDEX"
],
"offsets": [
[
1489,
1494
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Didanosine_ddi_T25",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"ganciclovir"
],
"offsets": [
[
1529,
1540
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Didanosine_ddi_T26",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Quinolone Antibiotic"
],
"offsets": [
[
1612,
1632
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Didanosine_ddi_T27",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"VIDEX"
],
"offsets": [
[
1635,
1640
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Didanosine_ddi_T28",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"ciprofloxacin"
],
"offsets": [
[
1717,
1730
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Didanosine_ddi_T29",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"ciprofloxacin"
],
"offsets": [
[
1764,
1777
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Didanosine_ddi_T30",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"antacids"
],
"offsets": [
[
1815,
1823
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Didanosine_ddi_T31",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"magnesium"
],
"offsets": [
[
1835,
1844
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Didanosine_ddi_T32",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"calcium"
],
"offsets": [
[
1846,
1853
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Didanosine_ddi_T33",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"aluminum"
],
"offsets": [
[
1858,
1866
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Didanosine_ddi_T34",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"ciprofloxacin"
],
"offsets": [
[
1924,
1937
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Didanosine_ddi_T35",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"ciprofloxacin"
],
"offsets": [
[
1995,
2008
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Didanosine_ddi_T36",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"VIDEX"
],
"offsets": [
[
2097,
2102
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Didanosine_ddi_T37",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"ciprofloxacin"
],
"offsets": [
[
2115,
2128
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Didanosine_ddi_T38",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"ciprofloxacin"
],
"offsets": [
[
2194,
2207
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Didanosine_ddi_T39",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"didanosine"
],
"offsets": [
[
2212,
2222
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Didanosine_ddi_T40",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"ciprofloxacin"
],
"offsets": [
[
2291,
2304
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Didanosine_ddi_T41",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"didanosine"
],
"offsets": [
[
2329,
2339
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Didanosine_ddi_T42",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"ciprofloxacin"
],
"offsets": [
[
2400,
2413
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Didanosine_ddi_T43",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"quinolone antibiotics"
],
"offsets": [
[
2453,
2474
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Didanosine_ddi_T44",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"antacids"
],
"offsets": [
[
2512,
2520
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Didanosine_ddi_T45",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"magnesium"
],
"offsets": [
[
2532,
2541
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Didanosine_ddi_T46",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"calcium"
],
"offsets": [
[
2543,
2550
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Didanosine_ddi_T47",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"aluminum"
],
"offsets": [
[
2555,
2563
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Didanosine_ddi_T48",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"VIDEX"
],
"offsets": [
[
2619,
2624
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Didanosine_ddi_T49",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"quinolone"
],
"offsets": [
[
2676,
2685
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Didanosine_ddi_T50",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Antiretroviral Drugs"
],
"offsets": [
[
2726,
2746
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Didanosine_ddi_T51",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"delavirdine"
],
"offsets": [
[
2784,
2795
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Didanosine_ddi_T52",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"indinavir"
],
"offsets": [
[
2806,
2815
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Didanosine_ddi_T53",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"VIDEX"
],
"offsets": [
[
2890,
2895
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Didanosine_ddi_T54",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"delavirdine"
],
"offsets": [
[
2924,
2935
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Didanosine_ddi_T55",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"indinavir"
],
"offsets": [
[
2939,
2948
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Didanosine_ddi_T56",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"VIDEX"
],
"offsets": [
[
2993,
2998
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Didanosine_ddi_T57",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"nelfinavir"
],
"offsets": [
[
3024,
3034
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Didanosine_ddi_T58",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"VIDEX"
],
"offsets": [
[
3141,
3146
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"id": "Didanosine_ddi_R1",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Didanosine_ddi_T6",
"arg2_id": "Didanosine_ddi_T7",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Didanosine_ddi_R2",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Didanosine_ddi_T11",
"arg2_id": "Didanosine_ddi_T14",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Didanosine_ddi_R3",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Didanosine_ddi_T12",
"arg2_id": "Didanosine_ddi_T14",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Didanosine_ddi_R4",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Didanosine_ddi_T13",
"arg2_id": "Didanosine_ddi_T14",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Didanosine_ddi_R5",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Didanosine_ddi_T16",
"arg2_id": "Didanosine_ddi_T18",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Didanosine_ddi_R6",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Didanosine_ddi_T17",
"arg2_id": "Didanosine_ddi_T18",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Didanosine_ddi_R7",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Didanosine_ddi_T20",
"arg2_id": "Didanosine_ddi_T21",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Didanosine_ddi_R8",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Didanosine_ddi_T24",
"arg2_id": "Didanosine_ddi_T25",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Didanosine_ddi_R9",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Didanosine_ddi_T27",
"arg2_id": "Didanosine_ddi_T28",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Didanosine_ddi_R10",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Didanosine_ddi_T29",
"arg2_id": "Didanosine_ddi_T31",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Didanosine_ddi_R11",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Didanosine_ddi_T29",
"arg2_id": "Didanosine_ddi_T32",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Didanosine_ddi_R12",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Didanosine_ddi_T29",
"arg2_id": "Didanosine_ddi_T33",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Didanosine_ddi_R13",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Didanosine_ddi_T35",
"arg2_id": "Didanosine_ddi_T36",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Didanosine_ddi_R14",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Didanosine_ddi_T38",
"arg2_id": "Didanosine_ddi_T39",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Didanosine_ddi_R15",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Didanosine_ddi_T40",
"arg2_id": "Didanosine_ddi_T41",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Didanosine_ddi_R16",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Didanosine_ddi_T43",
"arg2_id": "Didanosine_ddi_T45",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Didanosine_ddi_R17",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Didanosine_ddi_T43",
"arg2_id": "Didanosine_ddi_T46",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Didanosine_ddi_R18",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Didanosine_ddi_T43",
"arg2_id": "Didanosine_ddi_T47",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Didanosine_ddi_R19",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Didanosine_ddi_T51",
"arg2_id": "Didanosine_ddi_T53",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Didanosine_ddi_R20",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Didanosine_ddi_T52",
"arg2_id": "Didanosine_ddi_T53",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Didanosine_ddi_R21",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Didanosine_ddi_T54",
"arg2_id": "Didanosine_ddi_T56",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Didanosine_ddi_R22",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Didanosine_ddi_T55",
"arg2_id": "Didanosine_ddi_T56",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Hydromorphone_ddi | Hydromorphone_ddi | [
{
"id": "Hydromorphone_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Patients receiving other narcotic analgesics, general anesthetics, phenothiazines, tranquilizers, sedative-hypnotics, tricyclic antidepressants or other CNS depressants (including alcohol) concomitantly with DILAUDID may exhibit an additive CNS depression. When such combined therapy is contemplated, the dose of one or both agents should be reduced."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
350
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Hydromorphone_ddi_T1",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"narcotic analgesic"
],
"offsets": [
[
25,
43
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Hydromorphone_ddi_T2",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"anesthetics"
],
"offsets": [
[
54,
65
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Hydromorphone_ddi_T3",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"phenothiazines"
],
"offsets": [
[
67,
81
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Hydromorphone_ddi_T4",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"tranquilizers"
],
"offsets": [
[
83,
96
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Hydromorphone_ddi_T5",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"sedative-hypnotics"
],
"offsets": [
[
98,
116
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Hydromorphone_ddi_T6",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"tricyclic antidepressants"
],
"offsets": [
[
118,
143
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Hydromorphone_ddi_T7",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"CNS depressants"
],
"offsets": [
[
153,
168
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Hydromorphone_ddi_T8",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"alcohol"
],
"offsets": [
[
180,
187
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Hydromorphone_ddi_T9",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"DILAUDID"
],
"offsets": [
[
208,
216
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"id": "Hydromorphone_ddi_R1",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Hydromorphone_ddi_T1",
"arg2_id": "Hydromorphone_ddi_T9",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Hydromorphone_ddi_R2",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Hydromorphone_ddi_T2",
"arg2_id": "Hydromorphone_ddi_T9",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Hydromorphone_ddi_R3",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Hydromorphone_ddi_T3",
"arg2_id": "Hydromorphone_ddi_T9",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Hydromorphone_ddi_R4",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Hydromorphone_ddi_T4",
"arg2_id": "Hydromorphone_ddi_T9",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Hydromorphone_ddi_R5",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Hydromorphone_ddi_T5",
"arg2_id": "Hydromorphone_ddi_T9",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Hydromorphone_ddi_R6",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Hydromorphone_ddi_T6",
"arg2_id": "Hydromorphone_ddi_T9",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Hydromorphone_ddi_R7",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Hydromorphone_ddi_T7",
"arg2_id": "Hydromorphone_ddi_T9",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Hydromorphone_ddi_R8",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Hydromorphone_ddi_T8",
"arg2_id": "Hydromorphone_ddi_T9",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Dihydroergotamine_ddi | Dihydroergotamine_ddi | [
{
"id": "Dihydroergotamine_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Vasoconstrictors: D.H.E. 45 (dihydroergotamine mesylate) Injection, USP should not be used with peripheral vasoconstrictors because the combination may cause synergistic elevation of blood pressure. Sumatriptan: Sumatriptan has been reported to cause coronary artery vasospasm, and its effect could be additive with D.H.E. 45 (dihydroergotamine mesylate) Injection, USP. Sumatriptan and D.H.E. 45 (dihydroergotamine mesylate) Injection, USP should not be taken within 24 hours of each other.. Beta Blockers: Although the results of a clinical study did not indicate a safe problem associated with the administration of D.H.E. 45 (dihydroergotamine mesylate) Injection, USP to subjects already receiving propranolol, there have been reports that propranolol may potentiate the vasoconstrictive action of ergotamine by blocking the vasodilating property of epinephrine. Nicotine: Nicotine may provoke vasoconstriction in some patients, predisposing to a greater ischemic response to ergot therapy. Macrolide Antibiotics (e. g. erythromycin and troleandomycin): Agents of the ergot alkaloid class, of which D.H.E. 45 (dihydroergotamine mesylate) Injection, USP is a member, have been shown to interact with antibiotics of the macrolide class, resulting in increased plasma levels of unchanged alkaloids and peripheral vasoconstriction. Vasospastic reactions have been reported with therapeutic doses of ergotamine-containing drugs when co-administered with these antibiotics. SSRIs: Weakness hyperreflexia, and incoordination have been reported rarely when 5-HT1 agonists have been co-administered with SSRIs (e. g. fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, paroxetine, sertraline). There have been no reported cases from spontaneous reports of drug interaction between SSRIs and D.H.E. 45 (dihydroergotamine mesylate) Injection, USP. Oral Contraceptives: The effect of oral contraceptives on the pharmacokinetics of D.H.E. 45 (dihydroergotamine mesylate) Injection, USP has not been studied."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1979
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Dihydroergotamine_ddi_T1",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Vasoconstrictors"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
16
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dihydroergotamine_ddi_T2",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"D.H.E. 45"
],
"offsets": [
[
18,
27
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dihydroergotamine_ddi_T3",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"dihydroergotamine mesylate"
],
"offsets": [
[
30,
56
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dihydroergotamine_ddi_T4",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"peripheral vasoconstrictors"
],
"offsets": [
[
97,
124
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dihydroergotamine_ddi_T5",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Sumatriptan"
],
"offsets": [
[
200,
211
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dihydroergotamine_ddi_T6",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Sumatriptan"
],
"offsets": [
[
213,
224
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dihydroergotamine_ddi_T7",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"D.H.E. 45"
],
"offsets": [
[
317,
326
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dihydroergotamine_ddi_T8",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"dihydroergotamine mesylate"
],
"offsets": [
[
329,
355
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dihydroergotamine_ddi_T9",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Sumatriptan"
],
"offsets": [
[
373,
384
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dihydroergotamine_ddi_T10",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"D.H.E. 45"
],
"offsets": [
[
389,
398
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dihydroergotamine_ddi_T11",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"dihydroergotamine mesylate"
],
"offsets": [
[
401,
427
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dihydroergotamine_ddi_T12",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Beta Blockers"
],
"offsets": [
[
496,
509
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dihydroergotamine_ddi_T13",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"D.H.E. 45"
],
"offsets": [
[
622,
631
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dihydroergotamine_ddi_T14",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"dihydroergotamine mesylate"
],
"offsets": [
[
634,
660
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dihydroergotamine_ddi_T15",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"propranolol"
],
"offsets": [
[
707,
718
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dihydroergotamine_ddi_T16",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"propranolol"
],
"offsets": [
[
749,
760
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dihydroergotamine_ddi_T17",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"ergotamine"
],
"offsets": [
[
807,
817
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dihydroergotamine_ddi_T18",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Nicotine"
],
"offsets": [
[
872,
880
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dihydroergotamine_ddi_T19",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Nicotine"
],
"offsets": [
[
882,
890
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dihydroergotamine_ddi_T20",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"ergot"
],
"offsets": [
[
985,
990
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dihydroergotamine_ddi_T21",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Macrolide Antibiotics"
],
"offsets": [
[
1000,
1021
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dihydroergotamine_ddi_T22",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"erythromycin"
],
"offsets": [
[
1029,
1041
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dihydroergotamine_ddi_T23",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"troleandomycin"
],
"offsets": [
[
1046,
1060
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dihydroergotamine_ddi_T24",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"ergot alkaloid class"
],
"offsets": [
[
1077,
1097
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dihydroergotamine_ddi_T25",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"D.H.E. 45"
],
"offsets": [
[
1108,
1117
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dihydroergotamine_ddi_T26",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"dihydroergotamine mesylate"
],
"offsets": [
[
1120,
1146
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dihydroergotamine_ddi_T27",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"antibiotics"
],
"offsets": [
[
1209,
1220
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dihydroergotamine_ddi_T28",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"macrolide class"
],
"offsets": [
[
1228,
1243
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dihydroergotamine_ddi_T29",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"ergotamine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1405,
1415
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dihydroergotamine_ddi_T30",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"antibiotics"
],
"offsets": [
[
1465,
1476
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dihydroergotamine_ddi_T31",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"SSRIs"
],
"offsets": [
[
1478,
1483
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dihydroergotamine_ddi_T32",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"5-HT1 agonists"
],
"offsets": [
[
1559,
1573
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dihydroergotamine_ddi_T33",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"SSRIs"
],
"offsets": [
[
1605,
1610
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dihydroergotamine_ddi_T34",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"fluoxetine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1618,
1628
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dihydroergotamine_ddi_T35",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"fluvoxamine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1630,
1641
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dihydroergotamine_ddi_T36",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"paroxetine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1643,
1653
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dihydroergotamine_ddi_T37",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"sertraline"
],
"offsets": [
[
1655,
1665
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dihydroergotamine_ddi_T38",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"SSRIs"
],
"offsets": [
[
1755,
1760
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dihydroergotamine_ddi_T39",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"D.H.E. 45"
],
"offsets": [
[
1765,
1774
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dihydroergotamine_ddi_T40",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"dihydroergotamine mesylate"
],
"offsets": [
[
1777,
1803
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dihydroergotamine_ddi_T41",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Contraceptives"
],
"offsets": [
[
1826,
1840
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dihydroergotamine_ddi_T42",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"contraceptives"
],
"offsets": [
[
1861,
1875
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dihydroergotamine_ddi_T43",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"D.H.E. 45"
],
"offsets": [
[
1903,
1912
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dihydroergotamine_ddi_T44",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"dihydroergotamine mesylate"
],
"offsets": [
[
1915,
1941
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"id": "Dihydroergotamine_ddi_R1",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Dihydroergotamine_ddi_T2",
"arg2_id": "Dihydroergotamine_ddi_T4",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dihydroergotamine_ddi_R2",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Dihydroergotamine_ddi_T3",
"arg2_id": "Dihydroergotamine_ddi_T4",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dihydroergotamine_ddi_R3",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Dihydroergotamine_ddi_T6",
"arg2_id": "Dihydroergotamine_ddi_T7",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dihydroergotamine_ddi_R4",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Dihydroergotamine_ddi_T6",
"arg2_id": "Dihydroergotamine_ddi_T8",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dihydroergotamine_ddi_R5",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Dihydroergotamine_ddi_T9",
"arg2_id": "Dihydroergotamine_ddi_T10",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dihydroergotamine_ddi_R6",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Dihydroergotamine_ddi_T9",
"arg2_id": "Dihydroergotamine_ddi_T11",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dihydroergotamine_ddi_R7",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Dihydroergotamine_ddi_T16",
"arg2_id": "Dihydroergotamine_ddi_T17",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dihydroergotamine_ddi_R8",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Dihydroergotamine_ddi_T19",
"arg2_id": "Dihydroergotamine_ddi_T20",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dihydroergotamine_ddi_R9",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Dihydroergotamine_ddi_T24",
"arg2_id": "Dihydroergotamine_ddi_T28",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dihydroergotamine_ddi_R10",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Dihydroergotamine_ddi_T25",
"arg2_id": "Dihydroergotamine_ddi_T28",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dihydroergotamine_ddi_R11",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Dihydroergotamine_ddi_T26",
"arg2_id": "Dihydroergotamine_ddi_T28",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dihydroergotamine_ddi_R12",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Dihydroergotamine_ddi_T29",
"arg2_id": "Dihydroergotamine_ddi_T30",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dihydroergotamine_ddi_R13",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Dihydroergotamine_ddi_T32",
"arg2_id": "Dihydroergotamine_ddi_T33",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Alfentanil_ddi | Alfentanil_ddi | [
{
"id": "Alfentanil_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Both the magnitude and duration of central nervous system and cardiovascular effects may be enhanced when ALFENTA is administered in combination with other CNS depressants such as barbiturates, tranquilizers, opioids, or inhalation general anesthetics. Postoperative respiratory depression may be enhanced or prolonged by these agents. In such cases of combined treatment, the dose of one or both agents should be reduced. Limited clinical experience indicates that requirements for volatile inhalation anesthetics are reduced by 30 to 50% for the first sixty (60) minutes following ALFENTA induction The concomitant use of erythromycin with ALFENTA can significantly inhibit ALFENTA clearance and may increase the risk of prolonged or delayed respiratory depression. Cimetidine reduces the clearance of ALFENTA. Therefore smaller ALFENTA doses will be required with prolonged administration and the duration of action of ALFENTA my be extended. Perioperative administration of drugs affecting hepatic blood flow or enzyme function may reduce plasma clearance and prolong recovery."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1081
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Alfentanil_ddi_T1",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"ALFENTA"
],
"offsets": [
[
106,
113
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alfentanil_ddi_T2",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"CNS depressants"
],
"offsets": [
[
156,
171
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alfentanil_ddi_T3",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"barbiturates"
],
"offsets": [
[
180,
192
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alfentanil_ddi_T4",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"tranquilizers"
],
"offsets": [
[
194,
207
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alfentanil_ddi_T5",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"opioids"
],
"offsets": [
[
209,
216
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alfentanil_ddi_T6",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"anesthetics"
],
"offsets": [
[
240,
251
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alfentanil_ddi_T7",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"volatile inhalation anesthetics"
],
"offsets": [
[
483,
514
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alfentanil_ddi_T8",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"ALFENTA"
],
"offsets": [
[
583,
590
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alfentanil_ddi_T9",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"erythromycin"
],
"offsets": [
[
624,
636
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alfentanil_ddi_T10",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"ALFENTA"
],
"offsets": [
[
642,
649
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alfentanil_ddi_T11",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"ALFENTA"
],
"offsets": [
[
676,
683
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alfentanil_ddi_T12",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Cimetidine"
],
"offsets": [
[
768,
778
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alfentanil_ddi_T13",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"ALFENTA"
],
"offsets": [
[
804,
811
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alfentanil_ddi_T14",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"ALFENTA"
],
"offsets": [
[
831,
838
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alfentanil_ddi_T15",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"ALFENTA"
],
"offsets": [
[
922,
929
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"id": "Alfentanil_ddi_R1",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Alfentanil_ddi_T1",
"arg2_id": "Alfentanil_ddi_T2",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alfentanil_ddi_R2",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Alfentanil_ddi_T1",
"arg2_id": "Alfentanil_ddi_T3",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alfentanil_ddi_R3",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Alfentanil_ddi_T1",
"arg2_id": "Alfentanil_ddi_T4",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alfentanil_ddi_R4",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Alfentanil_ddi_T1",
"arg2_id": "Alfentanil_ddi_T5",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alfentanil_ddi_R5",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Alfentanil_ddi_T1",
"arg2_id": "Alfentanil_ddi_T6",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alfentanil_ddi_R6",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Alfentanil_ddi_T7",
"arg2_id": "Alfentanil_ddi_T8",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alfentanil_ddi_R7",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Alfentanil_ddi_T9",
"arg2_id": "Alfentanil_ddi_T10",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Alfentanil_ddi_R8",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Alfentanil_ddi_T12",
"arg2_id": "Alfentanil_ddi_T13",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Ketoconazole_ddi | Ketoconazole_ddi | [
{
"id": "Ketoconazole_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Ketoconazole is a potent inhibitor of the cytochrome P450 3A4 enzyme system. Coadministration of NIZORAL Tablets and drugs primarily metabolized by the cytochrome P450 3A4 enzyme system may result in increased plasma concentrations of the drugs that could increase or prolong both therapeutic and adverse effects. Therefore, unless otherwise specified, appropriate dosage adjustments may be necessary. The following drug interactions have been identified involving NIZORAL Tablets and other drugs metabolized by the cytochrome P450 3A4 enzyme system: Ketoconazole tablets inhibit the metabolism of terfenadine, resulting in an increased plasma concentration of terfenadine and a delay in the elimination of its acid metabolite. The increased plasma concentration of terfenadine or its metabolite may result in prolonged QT intervals. Pharmacokinetic data indicate that oral ketoconazole inhibits the metabolism of astemizole, resulting in elevated plasma levels of astemizole and its active metabolite desmethylastemizole which may prolong QT intervals. Coadministration of astemizole with ketoconazole tablets is therefore contraindicated. Human pharmacokinetics data indicate that oral ketoconazole potently inhibits the metabolism of cisapride resulting in a mean eight-fold increase in AUC of cisapride. Data suggest that coadministration of oral ketoconazole and cisapride can result in prolongation of the QT interval on the ECG. Therefore concomitant administration of ketoconazole tablets with cisapride is contraindicated. Ketoconazole tablets may alter the metabolism of cyclosporine, tacrolimus, and methylprednisolone, resulting in elevated plasma concentrations of the latter drugs. Dosage adjustment may be required if cyclosporine, tacrolimus, or methylprednisolone are given concomitantly with NIZORAL Tablets. Coadministration of NIZORAL Tablets with midazolam or triazolam has resulted in elevated plasma concentrations of the latter two drugs. This may potentiate and prolong hypnotic and sedative effects, especially with repeated dosing or chronic administration of these agents. These agents should not be used in patients treated with NIZORAL Tablets. If midazolam is administered parenterally, special precaution is required since the sedative effect may be prolonged. Rare cases of elevated plasma concentrations of digoxin have been reported. It is not clear whether this was due to the combination of therapy. It is, therefore, advisable to monitor digoxin concentrations in patients receiving ketoconazole. When taken orally , imidazole compounds like ketoconazole may enhance the anticoagulant effect of coumarin-like drugs. In simultaneous treatment with imidazole drugs and coumarin drugs, the anticoagulant effect should be carefully titrated and monitored. Because severe hypoglycemia has been reported in patients concomitantly receiving oral miconazole (an imidazole) and oral hypoglycemic agents, such a potential interaction involving the latter agents when used concomitantly with ketoconazole tablets (an imidazole) can not be ruled out. Concomitant administration of ketoconazole tablets with phenytoin may alter the metabolism of one or both of the drugs. It is suggested to monitor both ketoconazole and phenytoin. Concomitant administration of rifampin with ketoconazole tablets reduces the blood levels of the latter. INH (Isoniazid) is also reported to affect ketoconazole concentrations adversely. These drugs should not be given concomitantly. After the coadministration of 200 mg oral ketoconazole twice daily and one 20 mg dose of loratadine to 11 subjects, the AUC and Cmax of loratadine averaged 302% ( 142 S.D.) and 251% ( 68 S.D.), respectively, of those obtained after co-treatment with placebo. The AUC and Cmax of descarboethoxyloratadine, an active metabolite, averaged 155% ( 27 S.D.) and 141% ( 35 S.D.), respectively. However, no related changes were noted in the QT0 on ECG taken at 2, 6, and 24 hours after the coadministration. Also, there were no clinically significant differences in adverse events when loratadine was administered with or without ketoconazole. Rare cases of a disulfiram-like reaction to alcohol have been reported. These experiences have been characterized by flushing, rash, peripheral edema, nausea, and headache. Symptoms resolved within a few hours."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
4345
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T1",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Ketoconazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
12
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T2",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"NIZORAL"
],
"offsets": [
[
97,
104
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T3",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"NIZORAL"
],
"offsets": [
[
466,
473
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T4",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Ketoconazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
552,
564
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T5",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"terfenadine"
],
"offsets": [
[
599,
610
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T6",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"terfenadine"
],
"offsets": [
[
662,
673
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T7",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"terfenadine"
],
"offsets": [
[
767,
778
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T8",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"ketoconazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
875,
887
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T9",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"astemizole"
],
"offsets": [
[
915,
925
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T10",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"astemizole"
],
"offsets": [
[
966,
976
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T11",
"type": "DRUG_N",
"text": [
"desmethylastemizole"
],
"offsets": [
[
1003,
1022
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T12",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"astemizole"
],
"offsets": [
[
1075,
1085
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T13",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"ketoconazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
1091,
1103
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T14",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"ketoconazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
1189,
1201
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T15",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"cisapride"
],
"offsets": [
[
1238,
1247
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T16",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"cisapride"
],
"offsets": [
[
1298,
1307
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T17",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"ketoconazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
1352,
1364
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T18",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"cisapride"
],
"offsets": [
[
1369,
1378
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T19",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"ketoconazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
1477,
1489
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T20",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"cisapride"
],
"offsets": [
[
1503,
1512
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T21",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Ketoconazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
1533,
1545
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T22",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"cyclosporine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1582,
1594
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T23",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"tacrolimus"
],
"offsets": [
[
1596,
1606
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T24",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"methylprednisolone"
],
"offsets": [
[
1612,
1630
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T25",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"cyclosporine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1734,
1746
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T26",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"tacrolimus"
],
"offsets": [
[
1748,
1758
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T27",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"methylprednisolone"
],
"offsets": [
[
1763,
1781
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T28",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"NIZORAL"
],
"offsets": [
[
1811,
1818
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T29",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"NIZORAL"
],
"offsets": [
[
1849,
1856
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T30",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"midazolam"
],
"offsets": [
[
1871,
1880
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T31",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"triazolam"
],
"offsets": [
[
1884,
1893
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T32",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"NIZORAL"
],
"offsets": [
[
2161,
2168
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T33",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"midazolam"
],
"offsets": [
[
2182,
2191
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T34",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"digoxin"
],
"offsets": [
[
2345,
2352
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T35",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"digoxin"
],
"offsets": [
[
2480,
2487
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T36",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"ketoconazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
2525,
2537
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T37",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"imidazole compounds"
],
"offsets": [
[
2559,
2578
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T38",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"ketoconazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
2584,
2596
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T39",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"coumarin"
],
"offsets": [
[
2637,
2645
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T40",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"imidazole drugs"
],
"offsets": [
[
2689,
2704
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T41",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"coumarin drugs"
],
"offsets": [
[
2709,
2723
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T42",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"miconazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
2881,
2891
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T43",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"imidazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
2896,
2905
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T44",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"hypoglycemic agents"
],
"offsets": [
[
2916,
2935
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T45",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"ketoconazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
3023,
3035
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T46",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"imidazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
3048,
3057
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T47",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"ketoconazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
3111,
3123
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T48",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"phenytoin"
],
"offsets": [
[
3137,
3146
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T49",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"ketoconazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
3233,
3245
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T50",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"phenytoin"
],
"offsets": [
[
3250,
3259
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T51",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"rifampin"
],
"offsets": [
[
3291,
3299
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T52",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"ketoconazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
3305,
3317
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T53",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"INH"
],
"offsets": [
[
3366,
3369
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T54",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Isoniazid"
],
"offsets": [
[
3371,
3380
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T55",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"ketoconazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
3409,
3421
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T56",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"ketoconazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
3537,
3549
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T57",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"loratadine"
],
"offsets": [
[
3584,
3594
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T58",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"loratadine"
],
"offsets": [
[
3631,
3641
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T59",
"type": "DRUG_N",
"text": [
"descarboethoxyloratadine"
],
"offsets": [
[
3776,
3800
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T60",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"loratadine"
],
"offsets": [
[
4077,
4087
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T61",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"ketoconazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
4121,
4133
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T62",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"alcohol"
],
"offsets": [
[
4179,
4186
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_R1",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T4",
"arg2_id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T5",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_R2",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T8",
"arg2_id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T9",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_R3",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T12",
"arg2_id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T13",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_R4",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T14",
"arg2_id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T15",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_R5",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T17",
"arg2_id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T18",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_R6",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T19",
"arg2_id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T20",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_R7",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T21",
"arg2_id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T22",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_R8",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T21",
"arg2_id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T23",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_R9",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T21",
"arg2_id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T24",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_R10",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T29",
"arg2_id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T30",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_R11",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T29",
"arg2_id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T31",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_R12",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T35",
"arg2_id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T36",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_R13",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T37",
"arg2_id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T39",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_R14",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T38",
"arg2_id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T39",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_R15",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T40",
"arg2_id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T41",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_R16",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T42",
"arg2_id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T44",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_R17",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T47",
"arg2_id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T48",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_R18",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T49",
"arg2_id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T50",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_R19",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T51",
"arg2_id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T52",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_R20",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T53",
"arg2_id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T55",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_R21",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T54",
"arg2_id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T55",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_R22",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T56",
"arg2_id": "Ketoconazole_ddi_T57",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Captopril_ddi | Captopril_ddi | [
{
"id": "Captopril_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Hypotension Patients on Diuretic Therapy: Patients on diuretics and especially those in whom diuretic therapy was recently instituted, as well as those on severe dietary salt restriction or dialysis, may occasionally experience a precipitous reduction of blood pressure usually within the first hour after receiving the initial dose of captopril. The possibility of hypotensive effects with captopril can be minimized by either discontinuing the diuretic or increasing the salt intake approximately one week prior to initiation of treatment with captopril (captopril tablets, USP) or initiating therapy with small doses (6.25 or 12.5 mg). Alternatively, provide medical supervision for at least one hour after the initial dose. If hypotension occurs, the patient should be placed in a supine position and, if necessary, receive an intravenous infusion of normal saline. This transient hypotensive response is not a contraindication to further doses which can be given without difficulty once the blood pressure has increased after volume expansion. Agents Having Vasodilator Activity: Data on the effect of concomitant use of other vasodilators in patients receiving captopril for heart failure are not available; therefore, nitroglycerin or other nitrates (as used for management of angina) or other drugs having vasodilator activity should, if possible, be discontinued before starting captopril. If resumed during captopril therapy, such agents should be administered cautiously, and perhaps at lower dosage. Agents Causing Renin Release Captopril's effect will be augmented by antihypertensive agents that cause renin release. For example, diuretics (e.g., thiazides) may activate the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Agents Affecting Sympathetic Activity The sympathetic nervous system may be especially important in supporting blood pressure in patients receiving captopril alone or with diuretics. Therefore, agents affecting sympathetic activity (e.g., ganglionic blocking agents or adrenergic neuron blocking agents) should be used with caution. Beta-adrenergic blocking drugs add some further antihypertensive effect to captopril, but the overall response is less than additive. Agents Increasing Serum Potassium Since captopril decreases aldosterone production, elevation of serum potassium may occur. Potassium-sparing diuretics such as spironolactone, triamterene, or amiloride, or potassium supplements should be given only for documented hypokalemia, and then with caution, since they may lead to a significant increase of serum potassium. Salt substitutes containing potassium should also be used with caution. Inhibitors Of Endogenous Prostaglandin Synthesis It has been reported that indomethacin may reduce the antihypertensive effect of captopril, especially in cases of low renin hypertension. Other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (e.g., aspirin) may also have this effect. Lithium: Increased serum lithium levels and symptoms of lithium toxicity have been reported in patients receiving concomitant lithium and ACE inhibitor therapy. These drugs should be coad-ministered with caution and frequent monitoring of serum lithium levels is recommended. If a diuretic is also used, it may increase the risk of lithium toxicity. Cardiac Glycosides: In a study of young healthy male subjects no evidence of a direct pharmacokinetic captopril-digoxin interaction could be found. Loop Diuretics: Furosemide administered concurrently with captopril does not alter the pharmacokinetics of captopril in renally impaired hypertensive patients. Allopurinol: In a study of healthy male volunteers no significant pharmacokinetic interaction occurred when captopril and allopurinol were administered concomitantly for 6 days. Drug/Laboratory Test Interaction Captopril may cause a false-positive urine test for acetone."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
3838
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Captopril_ddi_T1",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Diuretic"
],
"offsets": [
[
26,
34
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Captopril_ddi_T2",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"diuretics"
],
"offsets": [
[
56,
65
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Captopril_ddi_T3",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"diuretic"
],
"offsets": [
[
95,
103
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Captopril_ddi_T4",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"captopril"
],
"offsets": [
[
338,
347
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Captopril_ddi_T5",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"captopril"
],
"offsets": [
[
393,
402
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Captopril_ddi_T6",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"diuretic"
],
"offsets": [
[
448,
456
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Captopril_ddi_T7",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"captopril"
],
"offsets": [
[
548,
557
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Captopril_ddi_T8",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"captopril"
],
"offsets": [
[
559,
568
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Captopril_ddi_T9",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"vasodilators"
],
"offsets": [
[
1134,
1146
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Captopril_ddi_T10",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"captopril"
],
"offsets": [
[
1169,
1178
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Captopril_ddi_T11",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"nitroglycerin"
],
"offsets": [
[
1227,
1240
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Captopril_ddi_T12",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"nitrates"
],
"offsets": [
[
1250,
1258
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Captopril_ddi_T13",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"captopril"
],
"offsets": [
[
1390,
1399
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Captopril_ddi_T14",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"captopril"
],
"offsets": [
[
1419,
1428
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Captopril_ddi_T15",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Captopril"
],
"offsets": [
[
1543,
1552
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Captopril_ddi_T16",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"antihypertensive agents"
],
"offsets": [
[
1583,
1606
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Captopril_ddi_T17",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"diuretics"
],
"offsets": [
[
1646,
1655
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Captopril_ddi_T18",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"thiazides"
],
"offsets": [
[
1663,
1672
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Captopril_ddi_T19",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"captopril"
],
"offsets": [
[
1877,
1886
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Captopril_ddi_T20",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"diuretics"
],
"offsets": [
[
1901,
1910
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Captopril_ddi_T21",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"ganglionic blocking agents"
],
"offsets": [
[
1968,
1994
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Captopril_ddi_T22",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"adrenergic neuron blocking agents"
],
"offsets": [
[
1998,
2031
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Captopril_ddi_T23",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Beta-adrenergic blocking drugs"
],
"offsets": [
[
2062,
2092
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Captopril_ddi_T24",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"captopril"
],
"offsets": [
[
2137,
2146
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Captopril_ddi_T25",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"captopril"
],
"offsets": [
[
2236,
2245
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Captopril_ddi_T26",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Potassium-sparing diuretics"
],
"offsets": [
[
2320,
2347
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Captopril_ddi_T27",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"spironolactone"
],
"offsets": [
[
2356,
2370
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Captopril_ddi_T28",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"triamterene"
],
"offsets": [
[
2372,
2383
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Captopril_ddi_T29",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"amiloride"
],
"offsets": [
[
2388,
2397
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Captopril_ddi_T30",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"potassium"
],
"offsets": [
[
2402,
2411
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Captopril_ddi_T31",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"potassium"
],
"offsets": [
[
2590,
2599
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Captopril_ddi_T32",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"indomethacin"
],
"offsets": [
[
2709,
2721
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Captopril_ddi_T33",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"captopril"
],
"offsets": [
[
2764,
2773
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Captopril_ddi_T34",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents"
],
"offsets": [
[
2828,
2865
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Captopril_ddi_T35",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"aspirin"
],
"offsets": [
[
2873,
2880
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Captopril_ddi_T36",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Lithium"
],
"offsets": [
[
2909,
2916
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Captopril_ddi_T37",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"lithium"
],
"offsets": [
[
2934,
2941
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Captopril_ddi_T38",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"lithium"
],
"offsets": [
[
2965,
2972
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Captopril_ddi_T39",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"lithium"
],
"offsets": [
[
3035,
3042
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Captopril_ddi_T40",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"ACE inhibitor"
],
"offsets": [
[
3047,
3060
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Captopril_ddi_T41",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"lithium"
],
"offsets": [
[
3154,
3161
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Captopril_ddi_T42",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"diuretic"
],
"offsets": [
[
3190,
3198
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Captopril_ddi_T43",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"lithium"
],
"offsets": [
[
3241,
3248
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Captopril_ddi_T44",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Cardiac Glycosides"
],
"offsets": [
[
3259,
3277
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Captopril_ddi_T45",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"captopril"
],
"offsets": [
[
3361,
3370
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Captopril_ddi_T46",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"digoxin"
],
"offsets": [
[
3371,
3378
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Captopril_ddi_T47",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Loop Diuretics"
],
"offsets": [
[
3407,
3421
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Captopril_ddi_T48",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Furosemide"
],
"offsets": [
[
3423,
3433
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Captopril_ddi_T49",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"captopril"
],
"offsets": [
[
3465,
3474
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Captopril_ddi_T50",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"captopril"
],
"offsets": [
[
3514,
3523
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Captopril_ddi_T51",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Allopurinol"
],
"offsets": [
[
3567,
3578
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Captopril_ddi_T52",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"captopril"
],
"offsets": [
[
3675,
3684
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Captopril_ddi_T53",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"allopurinol"
],
"offsets": [
[
3689,
3700
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Captopril_ddi_T54",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Captopril"
],
"offsets": [
[
3778,
3787
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"id": "Captopril_ddi_R1",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Captopril_ddi_T2",
"arg2_id": "Captopril_ddi_T4",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Captopril_ddi_R2",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Captopril_ddi_T5",
"arg2_id": "Captopril_ddi_T6",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Captopril_ddi_R3",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Captopril_ddi_T11",
"arg2_id": "Captopril_ddi_T13",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Captopril_ddi_R4",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Captopril_ddi_T12",
"arg2_id": "Captopril_ddi_T13",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Captopril_ddi_R5",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Captopril_ddi_T15",
"arg2_id": "Captopril_ddi_T16",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Captopril_ddi_R6",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Captopril_ddi_T23",
"arg2_id": "Captopril_ddi_T24",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Captopril_ddi_R7",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Captopril_ddi_T32",
"arg2_id": "Captopril_ddi_T33",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Captopril_ddi_R8",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Captopril_ddi_T39",
"arg2_id": "Captopril_ddi_T40",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Captopril_ddi_R9",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Captopril_ddi_T42",
"arg2_id": "Captopril_ddi_T43",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Celecoxib_ddi | Celecoxib_ddi | [
{
"id": "Celecoxib_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"General: Significant interactions may occur when celecoxib is administered together with drugs that inhibit P450 2C9. Celecoxib metabolism is predominantly mediated via cytochrome P450 2C9 in the liver. Co-administration of celecoxib with drugs that are known to inhibit 2C9 should be done with caution. In vitro studies indicate that celecoxib is not an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 2C9, 2C19 or 3A4. In vitro studies also indicate that celecoxib, although not a substrate, is an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 2D6. Therefore, there is a potential for an in vivo drug interaction with drugs that are metabolized by P450 2D6. Clinical studies with celecoxib have identified potentially significant interactions with fluconazole and lithium. Experience with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) suggests the potential for interactions with furosemide and ACE inhibitors. The effects celecoxib on the pharmacokinetics and/or pharmacodynamics of glyburide, ketoconazole, methotrexate, phenytoin, tolbutamide, and warfarin have been studied in vivo and clinically important interactions have not been found. ACE inhibitors: Reports suggest that NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. This interaction should be given consideration in patients taking CELEBREX concomitantly with ACE-inhibitors. Furosemide: Clinical studies, as well as post marketing observations, have shown that NSAIDs can reduce the natriuretic effect of furosemide and thiazides in some patients. This response has been attributed to inhibition of renal prostaglandin synthesis. Aspirin: CELEBREX can be used with low dose aspirin. However, concomitant administration of aspirin with CELEBREX may result in an increased rate of GI ulceration or other complications, compared to use of CELEBREX alone. Because of its lack of platelet effects, CELEBREX is not a substitute for aspirin for cardiovascular prophylaxis. Fluconazole: Concomitant administration of fluconazole at 200 mg QD resulted in a two-fold increase in celecoxib plasma concentration. This increase is due to the inhibition of celecoxib metabolism via P450 2C9 by fluconazole (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY - Pharmacokinetics: Metabolism). CELEBREX should be introduced at the lowest recommended dose in patients receiving fluconazole. Lithium: In a study conducted in healthy subjects, mean steady-state lithium plasma levels increased approximately 17% in subjects receiving lithium 450 mg BID with CELEBREX 200 mg BID as compared to subjects receiving lithium alone. Patients on lithium treatment should be closely monitored when CELEBREX is introduced or withdrawn. Methotrexate: In an interaction study of rheumatoid arthritis patients taking methotrexate, CELEBREX did not have a significant effect on the pharmacokinetics of methotrexate. Warfarin: The effect of celecoxib on the anti-coagulant effect of warfarin was studied in a group of healthy subjects receiving daily doses of 2-5 mg of warfarin. In these subjects, celecoxib did not alter the anticoagulant effect of warfarin as determined by prothrombin time. However, caution should be used when administering CELEBREX with warfarin since these patients are at increased risk of bleeding complications."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
3261
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T1",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"celecoxib"
],
"offsets": [
[
49,
58
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T2",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Celecoxib"
],
"offsets": [
[
118,
127
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T3",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"celecoxib"
],
"offsets": [
[
224,
233
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T4",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"celecoxib"
],
"offsets": [
[
335,
344
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T5",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"celecoxib"
],
"offsets": [
[
438,
447
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T6",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"celecoxib"
],
"offsets": [
[
646,
655
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T7",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"fluconazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
714,
725
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T8",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"lithium"
],
"offsets": [
[
730,
737
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T9",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs"
],
"offsets": [
[
755,
791
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T10",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"NSAIDs"
],
"offsets": [
[
793,
799
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T11",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"furosemide"
],
"offsets": [
[
846,
856
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T12",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"ACE inhibitors"
],
"offsets": [
[
861,
875
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T13",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"celecoxib"
],
"offsets": [
[
889,
898
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T14",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"glyburide"
],
"offsets": [
[
950,
959
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T15",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"ketoconazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
961,
973
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T16",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"methotrexate"
],
"offsets": [
[
975,
987
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T17",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"phenytoin"
],
"offsets": [
[
989,
998
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T18",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"tolbutamide"
],
"offsets": [
[
1000,
1011
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T19",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"warfarin"
],
"offsets": [
[
1017,
1025
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T20",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"ACE inhibitors"
],
"offsets": [
[
1111,
1125
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T21",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"NSAIDs"
],
"offsets": [
[
1148,
1154
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T22",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitors"
],
"offsets": [
[
1199,
1245
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T23",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"CELEBREX"
],
"offsets": [
[
1313,
1321
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T24",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"ACE-inhibitors"
],
"offsets": [
[
1341,
1355
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T25",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Furosemide"
],
"offsets": [
[
1357,
1367
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T26",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"NSAIDs"
],
"offsets": [
[
1443,
1449
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T27",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"furosemide"
],
"offsets": [
[
1487,
1497
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T28",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"thiazides"
],
"offsets": [
[
1502,
1511
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T29",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"Aspirin"
],
"offsets": [
[
1612,
1619
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T30",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"CELEBREX"
],
"offsets": [
[
1621,
1629
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T31",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"aspirin"
],
"offsets": [
[
1656,
1663
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T32",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"aspirin"
],
"offsets": [
[
1704,
1711
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T33",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"CELEBREX"
],
"offsets": [
[
1717,
1725
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T34",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"CELEBREX"
],
"offsets": [
[
1818,
1826
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T35",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"CELEBREX"
],
"offsets": [
[
1875,
1883
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T36",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"aspirin"
],
"offsets": [
[
1908,
1915
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T37",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Fluconazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
1948,
1959
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T38",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"fluconazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
1991,
2002
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T39",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"celecoxib"
],
"offsets": [
[
2051,
2060
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T40",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"celecoxib"
],
"offsets": [
[
2125,
2134
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T41",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"fluconazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
2162,
2173
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T42",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"CELEBREX"
],
"offsets": [
[
2234,
2242
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T43",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"fluconazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
2317,
2328
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T44",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Lithium"
],
"offsets": [
[
2330,
2337
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T45",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"lithium"
],
"offsets": [
[
2399,
2406
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T46",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"lithium"
],
"offsets": [
[
2471,
2478
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T47",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"CELEBREX"
],
"offsets": [
[
2495,
2503
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T48",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"lithium"
],
"offsets": [
[
2549,
2556
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T49",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"lithium"
],
"offsets": [
[
2576,
2583
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T50",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"CELEBREX"
],
"offsets": [
[
2627,
2635
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T51",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Methotrexate"
],
"offsets": [
[
2664,
2676
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T52",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"methotrexate"
],
"offsets": [
[
2742,
2754
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T53",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"CELEBREX"
],
"offsets": [
[
2756,
2764
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T54",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"methotrexate"
],
"offsets": [
[
2826,
2838
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T55",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Warfarin"
],
"offsets": [
[
2840,
2848
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T56",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"celecoxib"
],
"offsets": [
[
2864,
2873
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T57",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"warfarin"
],
"offsets": [
[
2906,
2914
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T58",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"warfarin"
],
"offsets": [
[
2993,
3001
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T59",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"celecoxib"
],
"offsets": [
[
3022,
3031
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T60",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"warfarin"
],
"offsets": [
[
3074,
3082
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T61",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"CELEBREX"
],
"offsets": [
[
3169,
3177
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T62",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"warfarin"
],
"offsets": [
[
3183,
3191
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"id": "Celecoxib_ddi_R1",
"type": "INT",
"arg1_id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T6",
"arg2_id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T7",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Celecoxib_ddi_R2",
"type": "INT",
"arg1_id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T6",
"arg2_id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T8",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Celecoxib_ddi_R3",
"type": "INT",
"arg1_id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T9",
"arg2_id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T11",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Celecoxib_ddi_R4",
"type": "INT",
"arg1_id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T9",
"arg2_id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T12",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Celecoxib_ddi_R5",
"type": "INT",
"arg1_id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T10",
"arg2_id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T11",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Celecoxib_ddi_R6",
"type": "INT",
"arg1_id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T10",
"arg2_id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T12",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Celecoxib_ddi_R7",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T21",
"arg2_id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T22",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Celecoxib_ddi_R8",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T23",
"arg2_id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T24",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Celecoxib_ddi_R9",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T26",
"arg2_id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T27",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Celecoxib_ddi_R10",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T26",
"arg2_id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T28",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Celecoxib_ddi_R11",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T30",
"arg2_id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T31",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Celecoxib_ddi_R12",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T32",
"arg2_id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T33",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Celecoxib_ddi_R13",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T38",
"arg2_id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T39",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Celecoxib_ddi_R14",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T40",
"arg2_id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T41",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Celecoxib_ddi_R15",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T42",
"arg2_id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T43",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Celecoxib_ddi_R16",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T46",
"arg2_id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T47",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Celecoxib_ddi_R17",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T49",
"arg2_id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T50",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Celecoxib_ddi_R18",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T61",
"arg2_id": "Celecoxib_ddi_T62",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Coagulation factor VIIa_ddi | Coagulation factor VIIa_ddi | [
{
"id": "Coagulation factor VIIa_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"The risk of a potential interaction between NovoSeven and coagulation factor concentrates has not been adequately evaluated in preclinical or clinical studies. Simultaneous use of activated prothrombin complex concentrates or prothrombin complex concentrates should be avoided. Although the specific drug interaction was not studied in a clinical trial, there have been more than 50 episodes of concomitant use of antifibrinolytic therapies (i.e., tranexamic acid, aminocaproic acid) and NovoSeven. NovoSeven should not be mixed with infusion solutions until clinical data are available to direct this use."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
606
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Coagulation factor VIIa_ddi_T1",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"NovoSeven"
],
"offsets": [
[
44,
53
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Coagulation factor VIIa_ddi_T2",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"coagulation factor"
],
"offsets": [
[
58,
76
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Coagulation factor VIIa_ddi_T3",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"activated prothrombin complex concentrates"
],
"offsets": [
[
180,
222
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Coagulation factor VIIa_ddi_T4",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"prothrombin complex concentrates"
],
"offsets": [
[
226,
258
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Coagulation factor VIIa_ddi_T5",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"tranexamic acid"
],
"offsets": [
[
448,
463
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Coagulation factor VIIa_ddi_T6",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"aminocaproic acid"
],
"offsets": [
[
465,
482
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Coagulation factor VIIa_ddi_T7",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"NovoSeven"
],
"offsets": [
[
488,
497
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Coagulation factor VIIa_ddi_T8",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"NovoSeven"
],
"offsets": [
[
499,
508
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
Bumetanide_ddi | Bumetanide_ddi | [
{
"id": "Bumetanide_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"- Drugs with ototoxic potential: Especially in the presence of impaired renal function, the use of parenterally administered bumetanide in patients to whom aminoglycoside antibiotics are also being given should be avoided, except in life-threatening conditions. - Drugs with nephrotoxic potential: There has been no experience on the concurrent use of bumetanide with drugs known to have a nephrotoxic potential. Therefore, the simultaneous administration of these drugs should be avoided. - Lithium: Lithium should generally not be given with diuretics (such as bumetanide) because they reduce its renal clearance and add a high risk of lithium toxicity. - Probenecid: Pretreatment with probenecid reduces both the natriuresis and hyperreninemia produced by bumetanide. This antagonistic effect of probenecid on bumetanide natriuresis is not due to a direct action on sodium excretion but is probably secondary to its inhibitory effect on renal tubular secretion of bumetanide. Thus, probenecid should not be administered concurrently with bumetanide. - Indomethacin: Indomethacin blunts the increases in urine volume and sodium excretion seen during bumetanide treatment and inhibits the bumetanide-induced increase in plasma renin activity. Concurrent therapy with bumetanide is thus not recommended. - Antihypertensives: Bumetanide may potentiate the effect of various antihypertensive drugs, necessitating a reduction in the dosage of these drugs. - Digoxin: Interaction studies in humans have shown no effect on digoxin blood levels. - Anticoagulants: Interaction studies in humans have shown bumetanide to have no effect on warfarin metabolism or on plasma prothrombin activity."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1685
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Bumetanide_ddi_T1",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"bumetanide"
],
"offsets": [
[
125,
135
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Bumetanide_ddi_T2",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"aminoglycoside antibiotics"
],
"offsets": [
[
156,
182
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Bumetanide_ddi_T3",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"bumetanide"
],
"offsets": [
[
352,
362
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Bumetanide_ddi_T4",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Lithium"
],
"offsets": [
[
492,
499
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Bumetanide_ddi_T5",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Lithium"
],
"offsets": [
[
501,
508
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Bumetanide_ddi_T6",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"diuretics"
],
"offsets": [
[
544,
553
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Bumetanide_ddi_T7",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"bumetanide"
],
"offsets": [
[
563,
573
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Bumetanide_ddi_T8",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"lithium"
],
"offsets": [
[
638,
645
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Bumetanide_ddi_T9",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Probenecid"
],
"offsets": [
[
658,
668
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Bumetanide_ddi_T10",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"probenecid"
],
"offsets": [
[
688,
698
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Bumetanide_ddi_T11",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"bumetanide"
],
"offsets": [
[
759,
769
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Bumetanide_ddi_T12",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"probenecid"
],
"offsets": [
[
799,
809
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Bumetanide_ddi_T13",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"bumetanide"
],
"offsets": [
[
813,
823
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Bumetanide_ddi_T14",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"bumetanide"
],
"offsets": [
[
967,
977
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Bumetanide_ddi_T15",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"probenecid"
],
"offsets": [
[
985,
995
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Bumetanide_ddi_T16",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"bumetanide"
],
"offsets": [
[
1041,
1051
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Bumetanide_ddi_T17",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Indomethacin"
],
"offsets": [
[
1055,
1067
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Bumetanide_ddi_T18",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Indomethacin"
],
"offsets": [
[
1069,
1081
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Bumetanide_ddi_T19",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"bumetanide"
],
"offsets": [
[
1152,
1162
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Bumetanide_ddi_T20",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"bumetanide"
],
"offsets": [
[
1190,
1200
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Bumetanide_ddi_T21",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"bumetanide"
],
"offsets": [
[
1268,
1278
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Bumetanide_ddi_T22",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Antihypertensives"
],
"offsets": [
[
1306,
1323
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Bumetanide_ddi_T23",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Bumetanide"
],
"offsets": [
[
1325,
1335
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Bumetanide_ddi_T24",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"antihypertensive drugs"
],
"offsets": [
[
1373,
1395
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Bumetanide_ddi_T25",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Digoxin"
],
"offsets": [
[
1455,
1462
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Bumetanide_ddi_T26",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"digoxin"
],
"offsets": [
[
1518,
1525
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Bumetanide_ddi_T27",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Anticoagulants"
],
"offsets": [
[
1542,
1556
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Bumetanide_ddi_T28",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"bumetanide"
],
"offsets": [
[
1599,
1609
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Bumetanide_ddi_T29",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"warfarin"
],
"offsets": [
[
1631,
1639
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"id": "Bumetanide_ddi_R1",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Bumetanide_ddi_T1",
"arg2_id": "Bumetanide_ddi_T2",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Bumetanide_ddi_R2",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Bumetanide_ddi_T5",
"arg2_id": "Bumetanide_ddi_T6",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Bumetanide_ddi_R3",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Bumetanide_ddi_T5",
"arg2_id": "Bumetanide_ddi_T7",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Bumetanide_ddi_R4",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Bumetanide_ddi_T10",
"arg2_id": "Bumetanide_ddi_T11",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Bumetanide_ddi_R5",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Bumetanide_ddi_T12",
"arg2_id": "Bumetanide_ddi_T13",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Bumetanide_ddi_R6",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Bumetanide_ddi_T15",
"arg2_id": "Bumetanide_ddi_T16",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Bumetanide_ddi_R7",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Bumetanide_ddi_T18",
"arg2_id": "Bumetanide_ddi_T19",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Bumetanide_ddi_R8",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Bumetanide_ddi_T18",
"arg2_id": "Bumetanide_ddi_T20",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Bumetanide_ddi_R9",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Bumetanide_ddi_T23",
"arg2_id": "Bumetanide_ddi_T24",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Chlordiazepoxide_ddi | Chlordiazepoxide_ddi | [
{
"id": "Chlordiazepoxide_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Although clinical studies have not established a cause and effect relationship, physicians should be aware that variable effects an blood coagulation have been reported very rarely in patients receiving oral anticoagulants and chlordiazepoxide. The concomitant use of alcohol or other central nervous system depressants may have an additive effect."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
348
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Chlordiazepoxide_ddi_T1",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"anticoagulants"
],
"offsets": [
[
208,
222
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Chlordiazepoxide_ddi_T2",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"chlordiazepoxide"
],
"offsets": [
[
227,
243
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Chlordiazepoxide_ddi_T3",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"alcohol"
],
"offsets": [
[
268,
275
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Chlordiazepoxide_ddi_T4",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"central nervous system depressants"
],
"offsets": [
[
285,
319
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"id": "Chlordiazepoxide_ddi_R1",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Chlordiazepoxide_ddi_T1",
"arg2_id": "Chlordiazepoxide_ddi_T2",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Diphenoxylate_ddi | Diphenoxylate_ddi | [
{
"id": "Diphenoxylate_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Known drug interactions include barbiturates, tranquilizers, and alcohol. Diphenoxylate HCl and atropine sulfate may interact with MAO inhibitors In studies with male rats, diphenoxylate hydrochloride was found to inhibit the hepatic microsomal enzyme system at a dose of 2 mg/kg/day. Therefore, diphenoxylate has the potential to prolong the biological half-lives of drugs for which the rate of elimination is dependent on the microsomal drug metabolizing enzyme system."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
471
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Diphenoxylate_ddi_T1",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"barbiturates"
],
"offsets": [
[
32,
44
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Diphenoxylate_ddi_T2",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"tranquilizers"
],
"offsets": [
[
46,
59
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Diphenoxylate_ddi_T3",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"alcohol"
],
"offsets": [
[
65,
72
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Diphenoxylate_ddi_T4",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Diphenoxylate HCl"
],
"offsets": [
[
74,
91
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Diphenoxylate_ddi_T5",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"atropine sulfate"
],
"offsets": [
[
96,
112
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Diphenoxylate_ddi_T6",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"MAO inhibitors"
],
"offsets": [
[
131,
145
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Diphenoxylate_ddi_T7",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"diphenoxylate hydrochloride"
],
"offsets": [
[
173,
200
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Diphenoxylate_ddi_T8",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"diphenoxylate"
],
"offsets": [
[
296,
309
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"id": "Diphenoxylate_ddi_R1",
"type": "INT",
"arg1_id": "Diphenoxylate_ddi_T4",
"arg2_id": "Diphenoxylate_ddi_T6",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Diphenoxylate_ddi_R2",
"type": "INT",
"arg1_id": "Diphenoxylate_ddi_T5",
"arg2_id": "Diphenoxylate_ddi_T6",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Lymecycline_ddi | Lymecycline_ddi | [
{
"id": "Lymecycline_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"The absorption of lymecycline may be affected by the simultaneous administration of indigestion remedies, iron or zinc supplements. Oral contraceptives may be less effective while you are taking lymecycline."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
207
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Lymecycline_ddi_T1",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"lymecycline"
],
"offsets": [
[
18,
29
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Lymecycline_ddi_T2",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"iron"
],
"offsets": [
[
106,
110
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Lymecycline_ddi_T3",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"zinc"
],
"offsets": [
[
114,
118
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Lymecycline_ddi_T4",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"contraceptives"
],
"offsets": [
[
137,
151
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Lymecycline_ddi_T5",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"lymecycline"
],
"offsets": [
[
195,
206
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"id": "Lymecycline_ddi_R1",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Lymecycline_ddi_T1",
"arg2_id": "Lymecycline_ddi_T2",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Lymecycline_ddi_R2",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Lymecycline_ddi_T1",
"arg2_id": "Lymecycline_ddi_T3",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Lymecycline_ddi_R3",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Lymecycline_ddi_T4",
"arg2_id": "Lymecycline_ddi_T5",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Nitazoxanide_ddi | Nitazoxanide_ddi | [
{
"id": "Nitazoxanide_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Tizoxanide is highly bound to plasma protein ( 99.9%). Therefore, caution should be used when administering nitazoxanide concurrently with other highly plasma protein-bound drugs with narrow therapeutic indices, as competition for binding sites may occur (e.g., warfarin). In vitro metabolism studies have demonstrated that tizoxanide has no significant inhibitory effect on cytochrome P450 enzymes. Although no drug-drug interaction studies have been conducted in vivo, it is expected that no significant interaction would occur when nitazoxanide is co-administered with drugs that either are metabolized by or inhibit cytochrome P450 enzymes."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
644
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Nitazoxanide_ddi_T1",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Tizoxanide"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
10
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nitazoxanide_ddi_T2",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"nitazoxanide"
],
"offsets": [
[
108,
120
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nitazoxanide_ddi_T3",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"warfarin"
],
"offsets": [
[
262,
270
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nitazoxanide_ddi_T4",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"tizoxanide"
],
"offsets": [
[
324,
334
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Nitazoxanide_ddi_T5",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"nitazoxanide"
],
"offsets": [
[
535,
547
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"id": "Nitazoxanide_ddi_R1",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Nitazoxanide_ddi_T2",
"arg2_id": "Nitazoxanide_ddi_T3",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Halothane_ddi | Halothane_ddi | [
{
"id": "Halothane_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"FLUOTHANE augments the action of non-depolarising muscle relaxants and the muscle relaxant effects of aminoglycosides. FLUOTHANE may augment the hypotension caused by the ganglionic-blocking effect of tubocurarine. Caution should be exercised during the administration of adrenaline to patients anaesthetised with FLUOTHANE as arrhythmias may be precipitated. For this reason the dose of adrenaline should be restricted and an antiarrhythmic agent administered as appropriate. Caution should also be applied for other sympathomimetics, and for aminophylline and theophylline and tricyclic antidepressants, which may also precipitate arrhythmias."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
645
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Halothane_ddi_T1",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"FLUOTHANE"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
9
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Halothane_ddi_T2",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"non-depolarising muscle relaxant"
],
"offsets": [
[
33,
65
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Halothane_ddi_T3",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"aminoglycosides"
],
"offsets": [
[
102,
117
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Halothane_ddi_T4",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"FLUOTHANE"
],
"offsets": [
[
119,
128
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Halothane_ddi_T5",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"tubocurarine"
],
"offsets": [
[
201,
213
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Halothane_ddi_T6",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"adrenaline"
],
"offsets": [
[
272,
282
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Halothane_ddi_T7",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"FLUOTHANE"
],
"offsets": [
[
314,
323
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Halothane_ddi_T8",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"adrenaline"
],
"offsets": [
[
388,
398
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Halothane_ddi_T9",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"antiarrhythmic agent"
],
"offsets": [
[
427,
447
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Halothane_ddi_T10",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"sympathomimetics"
],
"offsets": [
[
518,
534
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Halothane_ddi_T11",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"aminophylline"
],
"offsets": [
[
544,
557
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Halothane_ddi_T12",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"theophylline"
],
"offsets": [
[
562,
574
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Halothane_ddi_T13",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"tricyclic antidepressants"
],
"offsets": [
[
579,
604
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"id": "Halothane_ddi_R1",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Halothane_ddi_T1",
"arg2_id": "Halothane_ddi_T2",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Halothane_ddi_R2",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Halothane_ddi_T1",
"arg2_id": "Halothane_ddi_T3",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Halothane_ddi_R3",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Halothane_ddi_T4",
"arg2_id": "Halothane_ddi_T5",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Halothane_ddi_R4",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Halothane_ddi_T6",
"arg2_id": "Halothane_ddi_T7",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Liothyronine_ddi | Liothyronine_ddi | [
{
"id": "Liothyronine_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Oral Anticoagulants: Thyroid hormones appear to increase catabolism of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors. If oral anticoagulants are also being given, compensatory increases in clotting factor synthesis are impaired. Patients stabilized on oral anticoagulants who are found to require thyroid replacement therapy should be watched very closely when thyroid is started. If a patient is truly hypothyroid, it is likely that a reduction in anticoagulant dosage will be required. No special precautions appear to be necessary when oral anticoagulant therapy is begun in a patient already stabilized on maintenance thyroid replacement therapy. Insulin or Oral Hypoglycemics: Initiating thyroid replacement therapy may cause increases in insulin or oral hypoglycemic requirements. The effects seen are poorly understood and depend upon a variety of factors such as dose and type of thyroid preparations and endocrine status of the patient. Patients receiving insulin or oral hypoglycemics should be closely watched during initiation of thyroid replacement therapy. Cholestyramine: Cholestyramine binds both T4 and T3 in the intestine, thus impairing absorption of these thyroid hormones. In vitro studies indicate that the binding is not easily removed. Therefore, 4 to 5 hours should elapse between administration of cholestyramine and thyroid hormones. Estrogen, Oral Contraceptives: Estrogens tend to increase serum thyroxine-binding globulin (TBg). In a patient with a nonfunctioning thyroid gland who is receiving thyroid replacement therapy, free levothyroxine may be decreased when estrogens are started thus increasing thyroid requirements. However, if the patients thyroid gland has sufficient function, the decreased free thyroxine will result in a compensatory increase in thyroxine output by the thyroid. Therefore, patients without a functioning thyroid gland who are on thyroid replacement therapy may need to increase their thyroid dose if estrogens or estrogen-containing oral contraceptives are given. Tricyclic Antidepressants: Use of thyroid products with imipramine and other tricyclic antidepressants may increase receptor sensitivity and enhance antidepressant activity transient cardiac arrhythmias have been observed. Thyroid hormone activity may also be enhanced. Digitalis: Thyroid preparations may potentiate the toxic effects of digitalis. Thyroid hormonal replacement increases metabolic rate, which requires an increase in digitalis dosage. Ketamine: When administered to patients on a thyroid preparation, this parenteral anesthetic may cause hypertension and tachycardia. Use with caution and be prepared to treat hypertension, if necessary. Vasopressors: Thyroxine increases the adrenergic effect of catecholamines such as epinephrine and norepinephrine. Therefore, injection of these agents into patients receiving thyroid preparations increases the risk of precipitating coronary insufficiency especially in patients with coronary artery disease. Careful observation is required. Drug/Laboratory Test Interactions The following drugs or moieties are known to interfere with laboratory tests performed in patients on thyroid hormone therapy: androgens, corticosteroids, estrogens, oral contraceptives containing estrogens, iodine-containing preparations and the numerous preparations containing salicylates. - Changes in TBg concentration should be taken into consideration in the interpretation of T4 and T3 values. In such cases, the unbound (free) hormone should be measured. Pregnancy estrogens and estrogen-containing oral contraceptives increase TBg concentrations. TBg may also be increased during infectious hepatitis. Decreases in TBg concentrations are observed in nephrosis, acromegaly and after androgen or corticosteroid therapy. Familial hyper- or hypo-thyroxine-binding-globulinemias have been described. The incidence of TBg deficiency approximates 1 in 9000. The binding of thyroxine by thyroxine-binding prealbumin (TBPA) is inhibited by salicylates . - Medicinal or dietary iodine interferes with all in vivo tests of radio-iodine uptake producing low uptakes which may not be reflective of a true decrease in hormone synthesis . - The persistence of clinical and laboratory evidence of hypothyroidism in spite of adequate dosage replacement indicates either poor patient compliance, poor absorption, excessive fecal loss, or inactivity of the preparation. Intracellular resistance to thyroid hormone is quite rare."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
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}
] | [
{
"id": "Liothyronine_ddi_T1",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Anticoagulants"
],
"offsets": [
[
5,
19
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Liothyronine_ddi_T2",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Thyroid hormones"
],
"offsets": [
[
21,
37
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Liothyronine_ddi_T3",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"anticoagulants"
],
"offsets": [
[
117,
131
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Liothyronine_ddi_T4",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"anticoagulants"
],
"offsets": [
[
248,
262
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Liothyronine_ddi_T5",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"thyroid"
],
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[
288,
295
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Liothyronine_ddi_T6",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"anticoagulant"
],
"offsets": [
[
440,
453
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Liothyronine_ddi_T7",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Insulin"
],
"offsets": [
[
642,
649
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Liothyronine_ddi_T8",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Hypoglycemics"
],
"offsets": [
[
658,
671
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Liothyronine_ddi_T9",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"insulin"
],
"offsets": [
[
735,
742
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Liothyronine_ddi_T10",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"hypoglycemic"
],
"offsets": [
[
751,
763
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Liothyronine_ddi_T11",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"thyroid preparations"
],
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[
879,
899
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Liothyronine_ddi_T12",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"insulin"
],
"offsets": [
[
956,
963
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Liothyronine_ddi_T13",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"hypoglycemics"
],
"offsets": [
[
972,
985
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Liothyronine_ddi_T14",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Cholestyramine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1062,
1076
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Liothyronine_ddi_T15",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Cholestyramine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1078,
1092
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],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Liothyronine_ddi_T16",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"T4"
],
"offsets": [
[
1104,
1106
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Liothyronine_ddi_T17",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"T3"
],
"offsets": [
[
1111,
1113
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Liothyronine_ddi_T18",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"thyroid hormones"
],
"offsets": [
[
1167,
1183
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],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Liothyronine_ddi_T19",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"cholestyramine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1315,
1329
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Liothyronine_ddi_T20",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"thyroid hormones"
],
"offsets": [
[
1334,
1350
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],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Liothyronine_ddi_T21",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Estrogen"
],
"offsets": [
[
1352,
1360
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Liothyronine_ddi_T22",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Contraceptives"
],
"offsets": [
[
1367,
1381
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Liothyronine_ddi_T23",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Estrogens"
],
"offsets": [
[
1383,
1392
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Liothyronine_ddi_T24",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"levothyroxine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1550,
1563
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Liothyronine_ddi_T25",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"estrogens"
],
"offsets": [
[
1586,
1595
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Liothyronine_ddi_T26",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"thyroid"
],
"offsets": [
[
1624,
1631
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Liothyronine_ddi_T27",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"thyroxin"
],
"offsets": [
[
1729,
1737
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Liothyronine_ddi_T28",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"thyroid"
],
"offsets": [
[
1856,
1863
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Liothyronine_ddi_T29",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"estrogens"
],
"offsets": [
[
1952,
1961
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Liothyronine_ddi_T30",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"estrogen"
],
"offsets": [
[
1965,
1973
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Liothyronine_ddi_T31",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"contraceptives"
],
"offsets": [
[
1990,
2004
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Liothyronine_ddi_T32",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Tricyclic Antidepressants"
],
"offsets": [
[
2016,
2041
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Liothyronine_ddi_T33",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"thyroid products"
],
"offsets": [
[
2050,
2066
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Liothyronine_ddi_T34",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"imipramine"
],
"offsets": [
[
2072,
2082
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Liothyronine_ddi_T35",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"tricyclic antidepressants"
],
"offsets": [
[
2093,
2118
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Liothyronine_ddi_T36",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Thyroid hormone"
],
"offsets": [
[
2239,
2254
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Liothyronine_ddi_T37",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Digitalis"
],
"offsets": [
[
2286,
2295
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Liothyronine_ddi_T38",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Thyroid preparations"
],
"offsets": [
[
2297,
2317
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Liothyronine_ddi_T39",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"digitalis"
],
"offsets": [
[
2354,
2363
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Liothyronine_ddi_T40",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"digitalis"
],
"offsets": [
[
2450,
2459
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Liothyronine_ddi_T41",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Ketamine"
],
"offsets": [
[
2468,
2476
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Liothyronine_ddi_T42",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"thyroid preparation"
],
"offsets": [
[
2513,
2532
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Liothyronine_ddi_T43",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"anesthetic"
],
"offsets": [
[
2550,
2560
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Liothyronine_ddi_T44",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Vasopressor"
],
"offsets": [
[
2671,
2682
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Liothyronine_ddi_T45",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Thyroxine"
],
"offsets": [
[
2685,
2694
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Liothyronine_ddi_T46",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"epinephrine"
],
"offsets": [
[
2753,
2764
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Liothyronine_ddi_T47",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"norepinephrine"
],
"offsets": [
[
2769,
2783
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Liothyronine_ddi_T48",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"thyroid preparations"
],
"offsets": [
[
2846,
2866
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Liothyronine_ddi_T49",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"thyroid hormone"
],
"offsets": [
[
3148,
3163
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Liothyronine_ddi_T50",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"androgens"
],
"offsets": [
[
3173,
3182
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Liothyronine_ddi_T51",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"corticosteroids"
],
"offsets": [
[
3184,
3199
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Liothyronine_ddi_T52",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"estrogens"
],
"offsets": [
[
3201,
3210
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Liothyronine_ddi_T53",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"contraceptives"
],
"offsets": [
[
3217,
3231
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Liothyronine_ddi_T54",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"estrogens"
],
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[
3243,
3252
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Liothyronine_ddi_T55",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"iodine"
],
"offsets": [
[
3254,
3260
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Liothyronine_ddi_T56",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"salicylates"
],
"offsets": [
[
3326,
3337
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Liothyronine_ddi_T57",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"estrogens"
],
"offsets": [
[
3520,
3529
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Liothyronine_ddi_T58",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"estrogen"
],
"offsets": [
[
3534,
3542
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Liothyronine_ddi_T59",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"contraceptives"
],
"offsets": [
[
3559,
3573
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],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Liothyronine_ddi_T60",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"androgen"
],
"offsets": [
[
3738,
3746
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Liothyronine_ddi_T61",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"corticosteroid"
],
"offsets": [
[
3750,
3764
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Liothyronine_ddi_T62",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"salicylates"
],
"offsets": [
[
3987,
3998
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Liothyronine_ddi_T63",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"iodine"
],
"offsets": [
[
4024,
4030
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Liothyronine_ddi_T64",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"thyroid hormone"
],
"offsets": [
[
4435,
4450
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"id": "Liothyronine_ddi_R1",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Liothyronine_ddi_T4",
"arg2_id": "Liothyronine_ddi_T5",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Liothyronine_ddi_R2",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Liothyronine_ddi_T15",
"arg2_id": "Liothyronine_ddi_T16",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Liothyronine_ddi_R3",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Liothyronine_ddi_T15",
"arg2_id": "Liothyronine_ddi_T17",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Liothyronine_ddi_R4",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Liothyronine_ddi_T19",
"arg2_id": "Liothyronine_ddi_T20",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Liothyronine_ddi_R5",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Liothyronine_ddi_T24",
"arg2_id": "Liothyronine_ddi_T25",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Liothyronine_ddi_R6",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Liothyronine_ddi_T28",
"arg2_id": "Liothyronine_ddi_T29",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Liothyronine_ddi_R7",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Liothyronine_ddi_T28",
"arg2_id": "Liothyronine_ddi_T31",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Liothyronine_ddi_R8",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Liothyronine_ddi_T33",
"arg2_id": "Liothyronine_ddi_T34",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Liothyronine_ddi_R9",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Liothyronine_ddi_T33",
"arg2_id": "Liothyronine_ddi_T35",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Liothyronine_ddi_R10",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Liothyronine_ddi_T38",
"arg2_id": "Liothyronine_ddi_T39",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Liothyronine_ddi_R11",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Liothyronine_ddi_T42",
"arg2_id": "Liothyronine_ddi_T43",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Liothyronine_ddi_R12",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Liothyronine_ddi_T45",
"arg2_id": "Liothyronine_ddi_T46",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Liothyronine_ddi_R13",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Liothyronine_ddi_T45",
"arg2_id": "Liothyronine_ddi_T47",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Dromostanolone_ddi | Dromostanolone_ddi | [
{
"id": "Dromostanolone_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Androgens may increase sensitivity to oral anticoagulahts. Dosage of the anticoagulant may require reduction in order to maintain satisfactory therapeutic hypoprothrombinemia. Concurrent administration of oxyphenbutazone and androgens may result in elevated serum levels of oxyphenbutazone. In diabetic patients, the metabolic effects of androgens may decrease blood glucose and therefore, insulin requirements."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
411
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Dromostanolone_ddi_T1",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Androgens"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
9
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dromostanolone_ddi_T2",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"anticoagulant"
],
"offsets": [
[
73,
86
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dromostanolone_ddi_T3",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"oxyphenbutazone"
],
"offsets": [
[
205,
220
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dromostanolone_ddi_T4",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"androgens"
],
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[
225,
234
]
],
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},
{
"id": "Dromostanolone_ddi_T5",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"oxyphenbutazone"
],
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[
274,
289
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dromostanolone_ddi_T6",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"androgens"
],
"offsets": [
[
338,
347
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dromostanolone_ddi_T7",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"insulin"
],
"offsets": [
[
390,
397
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"id": "Dromostanolone_ddi_R1",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Dromostanolone_ddi_T3",
"arg2_id": "Dromostanolone_ddi_T4",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dromostanolone_ddi_R2",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Dromostanolone_ddi_T6",
"arg2_id": "Dromostanolone_ddi_T7",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Naratriptan_ddi | Naratriptan_ddi | [
{
"id": "Naratriptan_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Ergot-containing drugs have been reported to cause prolonged vasospastic reactions. Because there is a theoretical basis that these effects may be additive, use of ergotamine-containing or ergot-type medications (like dihydroergotamine or methysergide) and naratriptan within 24 hours is contraindicated. The administration of naratriptan with other 5-HT1 agonists has not been evaluated in migraine patients. Because their vasospastic effects may be additive, coadministration of naratriptan and other 5-HT1 agonists within 24 hours of each other is not recommended. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) (e.g., fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, paroxetine, sertraline) have been reported, rarely, to cause weakness, hyperreflexia, and incoordination when coadministered with 5-HTv agonists. If concomitant treatment with naratriptan and an SSRI is clinically warranted, appropriate observation of the patient is advised. Drug/ Laboratory Test Interactions AMERGE Tablets are not known to interfere with commonly employed clinical laboratory tests."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1050
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Naratriptan_ddi_T1",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Ergot"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Naratriptan_ddi_T2",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"ergotamine"
],
"offsets": [
[
164,
174
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Naratriptan_ddi_T3",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"ergot-type medications"
],
"offsets": [
[
189,
211
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Naratriptan_ddi_T4",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"dihydroergotamine"
],
"offsets": [
[
218,
235
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Naratriptan_ddi_T5",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"methysergide"
],
"offsets": [
[
239,
251
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Naratriptan_ddi_T6",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"naratriptan"
],
"offsets": [
[
257,
268
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Naratriptan_ddi_T7",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"naratriptan"
],
"offsets": [
[
327,
338
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Naratriptan_ddi_T8",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"5-HT1 agonists"
],
"offsets": [
[
350,
364
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Naratriptan_ddi_T9",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"naratriptan"
],
"offsets": [
[
481,
492
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Naratriptan_ddi_T10",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"5-HT1 agonists"
],
"offsets": [
[
503,
517
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Naratriptan_ddi_T11",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors"
],
"offsets": [
[
568,
607
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Naratriptan_ddi_T12",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"SSRIs"
],
"offsets": [
[
609,
614
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Naratriptan_ddi_T13",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"fluoxetine"
],
"offsets": [
[
623,
633
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Naratriptan_ddi_T14",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"fluvoxamine"
],
"offsets": [
[
635,
646
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Naratriptan_ddi_T15",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"paroxetine"
],
"offsets": [
[
648,
658
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Naratriptan_ddi_T16",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"sertraline"
],
"offsets": [
[
660,
670
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Naratriptan_ddi_T17",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"naratriptan"
],
"offsets": [
[
824,
835
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Naratriptan_ddi_T18",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"SSRI"
],
"offsets": [
[
843,
847
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Naratriptan_ddi_T19",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"AMERGE"
],
"offsets": [
[
959,
965
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"id": "Naratriptan_ddi_R1",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Naratriptan_ddi_T2",
"arg2_id": "Naratriptan_ddi_T6",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Naratriptan_ddi_R2",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Naratriptan_ddi_T3",
"arg2_id": "Naratriptan_ddi_T6",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Naratriptan_ddi_R3",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Naratriptan_ddi_T4",
"arg2_id": "Naratriptan_ddi_T6",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Naratriptan_ddi_R4",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Naratriptan_ddi_T5",
"arg2_id": "Naratriptan_ddi_T6",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Naratriptan_ddi_R5",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Naratriptan_ddi_T9",
"arg2_id": "Naratriptan_ddi_T10",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Naratriptan_ddi_R6",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Naratriptan_ddi_T17",
"arg2_id": "Naratriptan_ddi_T18",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Cefdinir_ddi | Cefdinir_ddi | [
{
"id": "Cefdinir_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Antacids (aluminum- or magnesium-containing): Concomitant administration of 300-mg cefdinir capsules with 30 mL Maalox TC suspension reduces the rate (Cmax) and extent (AUC) of absorption by approximately 40%. Time to reach Cmax is also prolonged by 1 hour. There are no significant effects on cefdinir pharmacokinetics if the antacid is administered 2 hours before or 2 hours after cefdinir. If antacids are required during OMNICEF therapy, OMNICEF should be taken at least 2 hours before or after the antacid. Probenecid: As with other b-lactam antibiotics, probenecid inhibits the renal excretion of cefdinir, resulting in an approximate doubling in A.C. a 54% increase in peak cefdinir plasma levels, and a 50% prolongation in the apparent elimination half-life. Iron Supplements and Foods Fortified With Iron Concomitant administration of cefdinir with a therapeutic iron supplement containing 60 mg of elemental iron (as FeSO4) or vitamins supplemented with 10 mg of elemental iron reduced extent of absorption by 80% and 31%, respectively. If iron supplements are required during OMNICEF therapy, OMNICEF should be taken at least 2 hours before or after the supplement. The effect of foods highly fortified with elemental iron (primarily iron-fortified breakfast cereals) on cefdinir absorption has not been studied. Concomitantly administered iron-fortified infant formula (2.2 mg elemental iron/6 oz) has no significant effect on cefdinir pharmacokinetics. Therefore, OMNICEF for Oral Suspension can be administered with iron-fortified infant formula. There have been rare reports of reddish stools in patients who have received cefdinir in Japan. The reddish color is due to the formation of a nonabsorbable complex between cefdinir or its breakdown products and iron in the gastrointestinal tract. Drug/Laboratory Test Interactions A false-positive reaction for ketones in the urine may occur with tests using nitroprusside, but not with those using nitroferricyanide. The administration of cefdinir may result in a false-positive reaction for glucose in urine using Clinitest , Benedict s solution, or Fehlings solution. It is recommended that glucose tests based on enzymatic glucose oxidase reactions (such as Clinistix or Tes-Tape ) be used. Cephalosporins are known to occasionally induce a positive direct Coombs test."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2337
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Cefdinir_ddi_T1",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Antacids"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
8
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cefdinir_ddi_T2",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"aluminum"
],
"offsets": [
[
10,
18
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cefdinir_ddi_T3",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"magnesium"
],
"offsets": [
[
23,
32
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cefdinir_ddi_T4",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"cefdinir"
],
"offsets": [
[
83,
91
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cefdinir_ddi_T5",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"Maalox TC"
],
"offsets": [
[
112,
121
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cefdinir_ddi_T6",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"cefdinir"
],
"offsets": [
[
294,
302
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cefdinir_ddi_T7",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"antacid"
],
"offsets": [
[
327,
334
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cefdinir_ddi_T8",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"cefdinir"
],
"offsets": [
[
383,
391
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cefdinir_ddi_T9",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"antacids"
],
"offsets": [
[
396,
404
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cefdinir_ddi_T10",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"OMNICEF"
],
"offsets": [
[
425,
432
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cefdinir_ddi_T11",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"OMNICEF"
],
"offsets": [
[
442,
449
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cefdinir_ddi_T12",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"antacid"
],
"offsets": [
[
503,
510
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cefdinir_ddi_T13",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Probenecid"
],
"offsets": [
[
512,
522
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cefdinir_ddi_T14",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"b-lactam antibiotics"
],
"offsets": [
[
538,
558
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cefdinir_ddi_T15",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"probenecid"
],
"offsets": [
[
560,
570
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cefdinir_ddi_T16",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"cefdinir"
],
"offsets": [
[
603,
611
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cefdinir_ddi_T17",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"cefdinir"
],
"offsets": [
[
681,
689
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cefdinir_ddi_T18",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Iron Supplements"
],
"offsets": [
[
767,
783
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cefdinir_ddi_T19",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Iron"
],
"offsets": [
[
809,
813
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cefdinir_ddi_T20",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"cefdinir"
],
"offsets": [
[
844,
852
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cefdinir_ddi_T21",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"iron supplement"
],
"offsets": [
[
872,
887
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cefdinir_ddi_T22",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"iron"
],
"offsets": [
[
918,
922
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cefdinir_ddi_T23",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"vitamins"
],
"offsets": [
[
937,
945
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cefdinir_ddi_T24",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"iron"
],
"offsets": [
[
983,
987
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cefdinir_ddi_T25",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"iron supplements"
],
"offsets": [
[
1050,
1066
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cefdinir_ddi_T26",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"OMNICEF"
],
"offsets": [
[
1087,
1094
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cefdinir_ddi_T27",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"OMNICEF"
],
"offsets": [
[
1104,
1111
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cefdinir_ddi_T28",
"type": "DRUG_N",
"text": [
"iron"
],
"offsets": [
[
1229,
1233
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cefdinir_ddi_T29",
"type": "DRUG_N",
"text": [
"iron"
],
"offsets": [
[
1245,
1249
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cefdinir_ddi_T30",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"cefdinir"
],
"offsets": [
[
1282,
1290
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cefdinir_ddi_T31",
"type": "DRUG_N",
"text": [
"iron"
],
"offsets": [
[
1351,
1355
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cefdinir_ddi_T32",
"type": "DRUG_N",
"text": [
"iron"
],
"offsets": [
[
1399,
1403
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cefdinir_ddi_T33",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"cefdinir"
],
"offsets": [
[
1439,
1447
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cefdinir_ddi_T34",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"OMNICEF"
],
"offsets": [
[
1477,
1484
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cefdinir_ddi_T35",
"type": "DRUG_N",
"text": [
"iron"
],
"offsets": [
[
1530,
1534
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cefdinir_ddi_T36",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"cefdinir"
],
"offsets": [
[
1638,
1646
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cefdinir_ddi_T37",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"cefdinir"
],
"offsets": [
[
1734,
1742
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cefdinir_ddi_T38",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"iron"
],
"offsets": [
[
1773,
1777
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cefdinir_ddi_T39",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"nitroprusside"
],
"offsets": [
[
1921,
1934
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cefdinir_ddi_T40",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"nitroferricyanide"
],
"offsets": [
[
1961,
1978
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cefdinir_ddi_T41",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"cefdinir"
],
"offsets": [
[
2002,
2010
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cefdinir_ddi_T42",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Cephalosporins"
],
"offsets": [
[
2258,
2272
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"id": "Cefdinir_ddi_R1",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Cefdinir_ddi_T4",
"arg2_id": "Cefdinir_ddi_T5",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cefdinir_ddi_R2",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Cefdinir_ddi_T11",
"arg2_id": "Cefdinir_ddi_T12",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cefdinir_ddi_R3",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Cefdinir_ddi_T14",
"arg2_id": "Cefdinir_ddi_T16",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cefdinir_ddi_R4",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Cefdinir_ddi_T15",
"arg2_id": "Cefdinir_ddi_T16",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cefdinir_ddi_R5",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Cefdinir_ddi_T20",
"arg2_id": "Cefdinir_ddi_T22",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cefdinir_ddi_R6",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Cefdinir_ddi_T20",
"arg2_id": "Cefdinir_ddi_T24",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cefdinir_ddi_R7",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Cefdinir_ddi_T25",
"arg2_id": "Cefdinir_ddi_T27",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cefdinir_ddi_R8",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Cefdinir_ddi_T37",
"arg2_id": "Cefdinir_ddi_T38",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Cisapride_ddi | Cisapride_ddi | [
{
"id": "Cisapride_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Cisapride is metabolized mainly via the cytochrome P450 3A4 enzyme. In some cases where serious ventricular arrhythmias, QT prolongation, and torsades de pointes have occurred when cisapride was taken in conjunction with one of the cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibitors, elevated blood cisapride levels were noted at the time of the QT prolongation. Antibiotics: In vitro and/or in vivo data show that clarithromycin, erythromycin, and troleandomycin markedly inhibit the metabolism of cisapride, which can result in an increase in plasma cisapride levels and prolongation of the QT interval on the ECG. Anticholinergics: Concurrent administration of certain anticholinergic compounds, such as belladonna alkaloids and dicyclomine, would be expected to compromise the beneficial effects of cisapride. Anticoagulants (Oral): In patients receiving oral anticoagulants, the coagulation times were increased in some cases. It is advisable to check coagulation time within the first few days after the start and discontinuation of cisapride therapy, with an appropriate adjustment of the anticoagulant dose, if necessary. Antidepressants: In vitro data indicate that nefazodone inhibits the metabolism of cisapride, which can result in an increase in plasma cisapride levels and prolongation of the QT interval on the ECG. Antifungals: In vitro and/or in vivo data indicate that fluconazole, itraconazole, and oral ketoconazole markedly inhibit the metabolism of cisapride, which can result in an increase in plasma cisapride levels and prolongation of the QT interval on the ECG. Human pharmacokinetic data indicate that oral ketoconazole markedly inhibits the metabolism of cisapride, resulting in a mean eight-fold increase in AUC of cisapride. A study in 14 normal male and female volunteers suggests that coadministration of cisapride and ketoconazole can result in prolongation of the QT interval on the ECG. H2 Receptor Antagonists: Cimetidine coadministration leads to an increased peak plasma concentration and AUC of cisapride, there is no effect on cisapride absorption when it is coadministered with ranitidine. The gastrointestinal absorption of cimetidine and ranitidine is accelerated when they are coadministered with cisapride. Protease Inhibitors: In vitro data indicate that indinavir and ritonavir markedly inhibit the metabolism of cisapride which can result in an increase in plasma cisapride levels and prolongation of the QT interval on the ECG. Other: Coadministration of grapefruit juice with cisapride increases the bioavailability of cisapride and concomitant use should be avoided. Cisapride should not be used concomitantly with other drugs known to prolong the QT interval: certain antiarrhythmics, including those of Class IA (such as quinidine and procainamide) and Class III (such as sotalol); tricyclic antidepressants (such as amitriptyline); certain tetracyclic antidepressants (such as maprotiline); certain antipsychotic medications (such as sertindole); astemizole, bepridil, sparfloxacin, and terodiline. The preceding lists of drugs are not comprehensive. The acceleration of gastric emptying by cisapride could affect the rate of absorption of other drugs. Patients receiving narrow therapeutic ratio drugs or other drugs that require careful titration should be followed closely; if plasma levels are being monitored, they should be reassessed."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
3376
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Cisapride_ddi_T1",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Cisapride"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
9
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cisapride_ddi_T2",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"cisapride"
],
"offsets": [
[
181,
190
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cisapride_ddi_T3",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"cisapride"
],
"offsets": [
[
279,
288
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cisapride_ddi_T4",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Antibiotics"
],
"offsets": [
[
343,
354
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cisapride_ddi_T5",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"clarithromycin"
],
"offsets": [
[
395,
409
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cisapride_ddi_T6",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"erythromycin"
],
"offsets": [
[
411,
423
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cisapride_ddi_T7",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"troleandomycin"
],
"offsets": [
[
429,
443
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cisapride_ddi_T8",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"cisapride"
],
"offsets": [
[
479,
488
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cisapride_ddi_T9",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"cisapride"
],
"offsets": [
[
532,
541
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cisapride_ddi_T10",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Anticholinergics"
],
"offsets": [
[
597,
613
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cisapride_ddi_T11",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"anticholinergic compounds"
],
"offsets": [
[
652,
677
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cisapride_ddi_T12",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"belladonna alkaloids"
],
"offsets": [
[
687,
707
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cisapride_ddi_T13",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"dicyclomine"
],
"offsets": [
[
712,
723
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cisapride_ddi_T14",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"cisapride"
],
"offsets": [
[
783,
792
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cisapride_ddi_T15",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Anticoagulants"
],
"offsets": [
[
794,
808
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cisapride_ddi_T16",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"anticoagulants"
],
"offsets": [
[
844,
858
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cisapride_ddi_T17",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"cisapride"
],
"offsets": [
[
1019,
1028
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cisapride_ddi_T18",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"anticoagulant"
],
"offsets": [
[
1076,
1089
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cisapride_ddi_T19",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Antidepressants"
],
"offsets": [
[
1110,
1125
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cisapride_ddi_T20",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"nefazodone"
],
"offsets": [
[
1155,
1165
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cisapride_ddi_T21",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"cisapride"
],
"offsets": [
[
1193,
1202
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cisapride_ddi_T22",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"cisapride"
],
"offsets": [
[
1246,
1255
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cisapride_ddi_T23",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Antifungals"
],
"offsets": [
[
1311,
1322
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cisapride_ddi_T24",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"fluconazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
1367,
1378
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cisapride_ddi_T25",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"itraconazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
1380,
1392
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cisapride_ddi_T26",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"ketoconazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
1403,
1415
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cisapride_ddi_T27",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"cisapride"
],
"offsets": [
[
1451,
1460
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cisapride_ddi_T28",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"cisapride"
],
"offsets": [
[
1504,
1513
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cisapride_ddi_T29",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"ketoconazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
1615,
1627
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cisapride_ddi_T30",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"cisapride"
],
"offsets": [
[
1664,
1673
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cisapride_ddi_T31",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"cisapride"
],
"offsets": [
[
1725,
1734
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cisapride_ddi_T32",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"cisapride"
],
"offsets": [
[
1818,
1827
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cisapride_ddi_T33",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"ketoconazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
1832,
1844
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cisapride_ddi_T34",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"H2 Receptor Antagonists"
],
"offsets": [
[
1903,
1926
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cisapride_ddi_T35",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Cimetidine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1928,
1938
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cisapride_ddi_T36",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"cisapride"
],
"offsets": [
[
2015,
2024
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cisapride_ddi_T37",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"cisapride"
],
"offsets": [
[
2048,
2057
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cisapride_ddi_T38",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"ranitidine"
],
"offsets": [
[
2100,
2110
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cisapride_ddi_T39",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"cimetidine"
],
"offsets": [
[
2147,
2157
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cisapride_ddi_T40",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"ranitidine"
],
"offsets": [
[
2162,
2172
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cisapride_ddi_T41",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"cisapride"
],
"offsets": [
[
2222,
2231
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cisapride_ddi_T42",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Protease Inhibitors"
],
"offsets": [
[
2233,
2252
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cisapride_ddi_T43",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"indinavir"
],
"offsets": [
[
2282,
2291
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cisapride_ddi_T44",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"ritonavir"
],
"offsets": [
[
2296,
2305
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cisapride_ddi_T45",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"cisapride"
],
"offsets": [
[
2341,
2350
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cisapride_ddi_T46",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"cisapride"
],
"offsets": [
[
2393,
2402
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cisapride_ddi_T47",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"cisapride"
],
"offsets": [
[
2507,
2516
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cisapride_ddi_T48",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"cisapride"
],
"offsets": [
[
2550,
2559
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cisapride_ddi_T49",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Cisapride"
],
"offsets": [
[
2599,
2608
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cisapride_ddi_T50",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"antiarrhythmics"
],
"offsets": [
[
2701,
2716
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cisapride_ddi_T51",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"quinidine"
],
"offsets": [
[
2755,
2764
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cisapride_ddi_T52",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"procainamide"
],
"offsets": [
[
2769,
2781
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cisapride_ddi_T53",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"sotalol"
],
"offsets": [
[
2806,
2813
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cisapride_ddi_T54",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"tricyclic antidepressants"
],
"offsets": [
[
2816,
2841
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cisapride_ddi_T55",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"amitriptyline"
],
"offsets": [
[
2851,
2864
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cisapride_ddi_T56",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"tetracyclic antidepressants"
],
"offsets": [
[
2875,
2902
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cisapride_ddi_T57",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"maprotiline"
],
"offsets": [
[
2912,
2923
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cisapride_ddi_T58",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"antipsychotic medications"
],
"offsets": [
[
2934,
2959
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cisapride_ddi_T59",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"sertindole"
],
"offsets": [
[
2969,
2979
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cisapride_ddi_T60",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"astemizole"
],
"offsets": [
[
2982,
2992
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cisapride_ddi_T61",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"bepridil"
],
"offsets": [
[
2994,
3002
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cisapride_ddi_T62",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"sparfloxacin"
],
"offsets": [
[
3004,
3016
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cisapride_ddi_T63",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"terodiline"
],
"offsets": [
[
3022,
3032
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cisapride_ddi_T64",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"cisapride"
],
"offsets": [
[
3126,
3135
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"id": "Cisapride_ddi_R1",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Cisapride_ddi_T5",
"arg2_id": "Cisapride_ddi_T8",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cisapride_ddi_R2",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Cisapride_ddi_T6",
"arg2_id": "Cisapride_ddi_T8",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cisapride_ddi_R3",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Cisapride_ddi_T7",
"arg2_id": "Cisapride_ddi_T8",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cisapride_ddi_R4",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Cisapride_ddi_T11",
"arg2_id": "Cisapride_ddi_T14",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cisapride_ddi_R5",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Cisapride_ddi_T12",
"arg2_id": "Cisapride_ddi_T14",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cisapride_ddi_R6",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Cisapride_ddi_T13",
"arg2_id": "Cisapride_ddi_T14",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cisapride_ddi_R7",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Cisapride_ddi_T17",
"arg2_id": "Cisapride_ddi_T18",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cisapride_ddi_R8",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Cisapride_ddi_T20",
"arg2_id": "Cisapride_ddi_T21",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cisapride_ddi_R9",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Cisapride_ddi_T24",
"arg2_id": "Cisapride_ddi_T27",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cisapride_ddi_R10",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Cisapride_ddi_T25",
"arg2_id": "Cisapride_ddi_T27",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cisapride_ddi_R11",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Cisapride_ddi_T26",
"arg2_id": "Cisapride_ddi_T27",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cisapride_ddi_R12",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Cisapride_ddi_T29",
"arg2_id": "Cisapride_ddi_T30",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cisapride_ddi_R13",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Cisapride_ddi_T32",
"arg2_id": "Cisapride_ddi_T33",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cisapride_ddi_R14",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Cisapride_ddi_T35",
"arg2_id": "Cisapride_ddi_T36",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cisapride_ddi_R15",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Cisapride_ddi_T39",
"arg2_id": "Cisapride_ddi_T41",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cisapride_ddi_R16",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Cisapride_ddi_T40",
"arg2_id": "Cisapride_ddi_T41",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cisapride_ddi_R17",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Cisapride_ddi_T43",
"arg2_id": "Cisapride_ddi_T45",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cisapride_ddi_R18",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Cisapride_ddi_T44",
"arg2_id": "Cisapride_ddi_T45",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cisapride_ddi_R19",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Cisapride_ddi_T49",
"arg2_id": "Cisapride_ddi_T50",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cisapride_ddi_R20",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Cisapride_ddi_T49",
"arg2_id": "Cisapride_ddi_T51",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cisapride_ddi_R21",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Cisapride_ddi_T49",
"arg2_id": "Cisapride_ddi_T52",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Cisapride_ddi_R22",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Cisapride_ddi_T49",
"arg2_id": "Cisapride_ddi_T53",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Calcidiol_ddi | Calcidiol_ddi | [
{
"id": "Calcidiol_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Interactions for vitamin D analogues (Vitamin D2, Vitamin D3, Calcitriol, and Calcidiol): Cholestyramine: Cholestyramine has been reported to reduce intestinal absorption of fat soluble vitamins; as such it may impair intestinal absorption of any of vitamin D. Phenytoin/Phenobarbital: The coadministration of phenytoin or phenobarbital will not affect plasma concentrations of vitamin D, but may reduce endogenous plasma levels of calcitriol/ergocalcitriol by accelerating metabolism. Since blood level of calcitriol/ergocalcitriol will be reduced, higher doses of Rocaltrol may be necessary if these drugs are administered simultaneously. Thiazides: Thiazides are known to induce hypercalcemia by the reduction of calcium excretion in urine. Some reports have shown that the concomitant administration of thiazides with vitamin D causes hypercalcemia. Therefore, precaution should be taken when coadministration is necessary. Digitalis: Vitamin D dosage must be determined with care in patients undergoing treatment with digitalis, as hypercalcemia in such patients may precipitate cardiac arrhythmias. Ketoconazole: Ketoconazole may inhibit both synthetic and catabolic enzymes of vitamin D. Reductions in serum endogenous vitamin D concentrations have been observed following the administration of 300 mg/day to 1200 mg/day ketoconazole for a week to healthy men. However, in vivo drug interaction studies of ketoconazole with vitamin D have not been investigated. Corticosteroids: A relationship of functional antagonism exists between vitamin D analogues, which promote calcium absorption, and corticosteroids, which inhibit calcium absorption. Phosphate-Binding Agents: Since vitamin D also has an effect on phosphate transport in the intestine, kidneys and bones, the dosage of phosphate-binding agents must be adjusted in accordance with the serum phosphate concentration. Vitamin D: The coadministration of any of the vitamin D analogues should be avoided as this could create possible additive effects and hypercalcemia. Calcium Supplements: Uncontrolled intake of additional calcium-containing preparations should be avoided. Magnesium: Magnesium-containing preparations (eg, antacids) may cause hypermagnesemia and should therefore not be taken during therapy with vitamin D by patients on chronic renal dialysis."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2326
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Calcidiol_ddi_T1",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"vitamin D analogues"
],
"offsets": [
[
17,
36
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcidiol_ddi_T2",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Vitamin D2"
],
"offsets": [
[
38,
48
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcidiol_ddi_T3",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Vitamin D3"
],
"offsets": [
[
50,
60
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcidiol_ddi_T4",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Calcitriol"
],
"offsets": [
[
62,
72
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcidiol_ddi_T5",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Calcidiol"
],
"offsets": [
[
78,
87
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcidiol_ddi_T6",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Cholestyramine"
],
"offsets": [
[
90,
104
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcidiol_ddi_T7",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Cholestyramine"
],
"offsets": [
[
106,
120
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcidiol_ddi_T8",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"fat soluble vitamins"
],
"offsets": [
[
174,
194
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcidiol_ddi_T9",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"vitamin D"
],
"offsets": [
[
250,
259
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcidiol_ddi_T10",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Phenytoin"
],
"offsets": [
[
261,
270
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcidiol_ddi_T11",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Phenobarbital"
],
"offsets": [
[
271,
284
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcidiol_ddi_T12",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"phenytoin"
],
"offsets": [
[
310,
319
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcidiol_ddi_T13",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"phenobarbital"
],
"offsets": [
[
323,
336
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcidiol_ddi_T14",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"vitamin D"
],
"offsets": [
[
378,
387
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcidiol_ddi_T15",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"calcitriol"
],
"offsets": [
[
432,
442
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcidiol_ddi_T16",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"calcitriol"
],
"offsets": [
[
507,
517
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcidiol_ddi_T17",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"Rocaltrol"
],
"offsets": [
[
566,
575
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcidiol_ddi_T18",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Thiazides"
],
"offsets": [
[
641,
650
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcidiol_ddi_T19",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Thiazides"
],
"offsets": [
[
652,
661
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcidiol_ddi_T20",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"thiazides"
],
"offsets": [
[
807,
816
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcidiol_ddi_T21",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"vitamin D"
],
"offsets": [
[
822,
831
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcidiol_ddi_T22",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Digitalis"
],
"offsets": [
[
928,
937
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcidiol_ddi_T23",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Vitamin D"
],
"offsets": [
[
939,
948
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcidiol_ddi_T24",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"digitalis"
],
"offsets": [
[
1023,
1032
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcidiol_ddi_T25",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Ketoconazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
1105,
1117
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcidiol_ddi_T26",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Ketoconazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
1119,
1131
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcidiol_ddi_T27",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"vitamin D"
],
"offsets": [
[
1184,
1193
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcidiol_ddi_T28",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"ketoconazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
1328,
1340
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcidiol_ddi_T29",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"ketoconazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
1413,
1425
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcidiol_ddi_T30",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"vitamin D"
],
"offsets": [
[
1431,
1440
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcidiol_ddi_T31",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Corticosteroids"
],
"offsets": [
[
1469,
1484
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcidiol_ddi_T32",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"vitamin D analogues"
],
"offsets": [
[
1541,
1560
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcidiol_ddi_T33",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"corticosteroids"
],
"offsets": [
[
1600,
1615
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcidiol_ddi_T34",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"vitamin D"
],
"offsets": [
[
1683,
1692
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcidiol_ddi_T35",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Vitamin D"
],
"offsets": [
[
1882,
1891
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcidiol_ddi_T36",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"vitamin D analogues"
],
"offsets": [
[
1928,
1947
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcidiol_ddi_T37",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Calcium"
],
"offsets": [
[
2032,
2039
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcidiol_ddi_T38",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"calcium"
],
"offsets": [
[
2087,
2094
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcidiol_ddi_T39",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Magnesium"
],
"offsets": [
[
2138,
2147
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcidiol_ddi_T40",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Magnesium"
],
"offsets": [
[
2149,
2158
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcidiol_ddi_T41",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"antacids"
],
"offsets": [
[
2188,
2196
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcidiol_ddi_T42",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"vitamin D"
],
"offsets": [
[
2278,
2287
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"id": "Calcidiol_ddi_R1",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Calcidiol_ddi_T7",
"arg2_id": "Calcidiol_ddi_T8",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcidiol_ddi_R2",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Calcidiol_ddi_T12",
"arg2_id": "Calcidiol_ddi_T15",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcidiol_ddi_R3",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Calcidiol_ddi_T13",
"arg2_id": "Calcidiol_ddi_T15",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcidiol_ddi_R4",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Calcidiol_ddi_T20",
"arg2_id": "Calcidiol_ddi_T21",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcidiol_ddi_R5",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Calcidiol_ddi_T23",
"arg2_id": "Calcidiol_ddi_T24",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcidiol_ddi_R6",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Calcidiol_ddi_T26",
"arg2_id": "Calcidiol_ddi_T27",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcidiol_ddi_R7",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Calcidiol_ddi_T32",
"arg2_id": "Calcidiol_ddi_T33",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcidiol_ddi_R8",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Calcidiol_ddi_T40",
"arg2_id": "Calcidiol_ddi_T42",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Calcidiol_ddi_R9",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Calcidiol_ddi_T41",
"arg2_id": "Calcidiol_ddi_T42",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Estramustine_ddi | Estramustine_ddi | [
{
"id": "Estramustine_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Milk, milk products, and calcium-rich foods or drugs may impair the absorption of EMCYT."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
88
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Estramustine_ddi_T1",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"calcium"
],
"offsets": [
[
25,
32
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Estramustine_ddi_T2",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"EMCYT"
],
"offsets": [
[
82,
87
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"id": "Estramustine_ddi_R1",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Estramustine_ddi_T1",
"arg2_id": "Estramustine_ddi_T2",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Hydroxyurea_ddi | Hydroxyurea_ddi | [
{
"id": "Hydroxyurea_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Prospective studies on the potential for hydroxyurea to interact with other drugs have not been performed. Concurrent use of hydroxyurea and other myelosuppressive agents or radiation therapy may increase the likelihood of bone marrow depression or other adverse events. Since hydroxyurea may raise the serum uric acid level, dosage adjustment of uricosuric medication may be necessary ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
387
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Hydroxyurea_ddi_T1",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"hydroxyurea"
],
"offsets": [
[
41,
52
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Hydroxyurea_ddi_T2",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"hydroxyurea"
],
"offsets": [
[
125,
136
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Hydroxyurea_ddi_T3",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"hydroxyurea"
],
"offsets": [
[
277,
288
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Hydroxyurea_ddi_T4",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"uricosuric medication"
],
"offsets": [
[
347,
368
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"id": "Hydroxyurea_ddi_R1",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Hydroxyurea_ddi_T3",
"arg2_id": "Hydroxyurea_ddi_T4",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Dinoprostone_ddi | Dinoprostone_ddi | [
{
"id": "Dinoprostone_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"PROSTIN E2 may augment the activity of other oxytocic drugs. Concomitant use with other oxytocic agents is not recommended."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
123
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Dinoprostone_ddi_T1",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"PROSTIN E2"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
10
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dinoprostone_ddi_T2",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"oxytocic drugs"
],
"offsets": [
[
45,
59
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Dinoprostone_ddi_T3",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"oxytocic agents"
],
"offsets": [
[
88,
103
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"id": "Dinoprostone_ddi_R1",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Dinoprostone_ddi_T1",
"arg2_id": "Dinoprostone_ddi_T2",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Drotrecogin alfa_ddi | Drotrecogin alfa_ddi | [
{
"id": "Drotrecogin alfa_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Drug interaction studies with Xigris have not been performed in patients with severe sepsis. However, since there is an increased risk of bleeding with Xigris, caution should be employed when Xigris is used with other drugs that affect hemostasis. Approximately 2/3 of the patients in the Phase 3 study received either prophylactic low dose heparin (unfractionated heparin up to 15,000 units/day) or prophylactic doses of low molecular weight heparins as indicated in the prescribing information for the specific products. Concomitant use of prophylactic low dose heparin did not appear to affect safety, however, its effects on the efficacy of Xigris have not been evaluated in an adequate and well-controlled clinical trial. Drug/Laboratory Test Interaction Because Xigris may affect the APTT assay, Xigris present in plasma samples may interfere with one-stage coagulation assays based on the APTT (such as factor VIII, IX, and XI assays). This interference may result in an apparent factor concentration that is lower than the true concentration. Xigris present in plasma samples does not interfere with one-stage factor assays based on the PT (such as factor II, V, VII, and X assays)."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1190
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Drotrecogin alfa_ddi_T1",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"Xigris"
],
"offsets": [
[
30,
36
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Drotrecogin alfa_ddi_T2",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"Xigris"
],
"offsets": [
[
152,
158
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Drotrecogin alfa_ddi_T3",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"Xigris"
],
"offsets": [
[
192,
198
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Drotrecogin alfa_ddi_T4",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"heparin"
],
"offsets": [
[
341,
348
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Drotrecogin alfa_ddi_T5",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"unfractionated heparin"
],
"offsets": [
[
350,
372
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Drotrecogin alfa_ddi_T6",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"low molecular weight heparins"
],
"offsets": [
[
422,
451
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Drotrecogin alfa_ddi_T7",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"heparin"
],
"offsets": [
[
564,
571
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Drotrecogin alfa_ddi_T8",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"Xigris"
],
"offsets": [
[
645,
651
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Drotrecogin alfa_ddi_T9",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"Xigris"
],
"offsets": [
[
768,
774
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Drotrecogin alfa_ddi_T10",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"Xigris"
],
"offsets": [
[
802,
808
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Drotrecogin alfa_ddi_T11",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"Xigris"
],
"offsets": [
[
1051,
1057
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
Bimatoprost_ddi | Bimatoprost_ddi | [
{
"id": "Bimatoprost_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"No Information Provided"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
23
]
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] | [] |
Clopidogrel_ddi | Clopidogrel_ddi | [
{
"id": "Clopidogrel_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Aspirin, warfarin, heparin, NSAIDs"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
34
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Clopidogrel_ddi_T1",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"Aspirin"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
7
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Clopidogrel_ddi_T2",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"warfarin"
],
"offsets": [
[
9,
17
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Clopidogrel_ddi_T3",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"heparin"
],
"offsets": [
[
19,
26
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Clopidogrel_ddi_T4",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"NSAIDs"
],
"offsets": [
[
28,
34
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
Alglucosidase alfa_ddi | Alglucosidase alfa_ddi | [
{
"id": "Alglucosidase alfa_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"No drug interaction studies have been performed."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
48
]
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] | [] |
Leflunomide_ddi | Leflunomide_ddi | [
{
"id": "Leflunomide_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Cholestyramine and Charcoal Administration of cholestyramine or activated charcoal in patients (n=13) and volunteers (n=96) resulted in a rapid and significant decrease in plasma M1 (the active metabolite of leflunomide) concentration . Hepatotoxic Drugs Increased side effects may occur when leflunomide is given concomitantly with hepatotoxic substances. This is also to be considered when leflunomide treatment is followed by such drugs without a drug elimination procedure. In a small (n=30) combination study of ARAVA with methotrexate, a 2- to 3-fold elevation in liver enzymes was seen in 5 of 30 patients. All elevations resolved, 2 with continuation of both drugs and 3 after discontinuation of leflunomide. A 3-fold increase was seen in another 5 patients. All of these also resolved, 2 with continuation of both drugs and 3 after discontinuation of leflunomide. Three patients met ACR criteria for liver biopsy (1: Roegnik Grade I, 2: Roegnik Grade IIIa). No pharmacokinetic interaction was identified. NSAIDs: In in vitro studies, M1 was shown to cause increases ranging from 13 - 50% in the free fraction of diclofenac and ibuprofen at concentrations in the clinical range. The clinical significance of this finding is unknown; however, there was extensive concomitant use of NSAIDs in clinical studies and no differential effect was observed. Tolbutamide: In in vitro studies, M1 was shown to cause increases ranging from 13 - 50% in the free fraction of tolbutamide at concentrations in the clinical range. The clinical significance of this finding is unknown. Rifampin: Following concomitant administration of a single dose of ARAVA to subjects receiving multiple doses of rifampin, M1 peak levels were increased (~40%) over those seen when ARAVA was given alone. Because of the potential for ARAVA levels to continue to increase with multiple dosing, caution should be used if patients are to be receiving both ARAVA and rifampin. Warfarin: Increased INR (International Normalized Ratio) when ARAVA and warfarin were co-administered has been rarely reported."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2076
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Leflunomide_ddi_T1",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Cholestyramine"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
14
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Leflunomide_ddi_T2",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Charcoal"
],
"offsets": [
[
19,
27
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Leflunomide_ddi_T3",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"cholestyramine"
],
"offsets": [
[
46,
60
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Leflunomide_ddi_T4",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"activated charcoal"
],
"offsets": [
[
64,
82
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Leflunomide_ddi_T5",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"leflunomide"
],
"offsets": [
[
208,
219
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Leflunomide_ddi_T6",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"leflunomide"
],
"offsets": [
[
293,
304
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Leflunomide_ddi_T7",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"leflunomide"
],
"offsets": [
[
392,
403
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Leflunomide_ddi_T8",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"ARAVA"
],
"offsets": [
[
517,
522
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Leflunomide_ddi_T9",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"methotrexate"
],
"offsets": [
[
528,
540
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Leflunomide_ddi_T10",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"leflunomide"
],
"offsets": [
[
704,
715
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Leflunomide_ddi_T11",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"leflunomide"
],
"offsets": [
[
861,
872
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Leflunomide_ddi_T12",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"NSAIDs"
],
"offsets": [
[
1015,
1021
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Leflunomide_ddi_T13",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"diclofenac"
],
"offsets": [
[
1122,
1132
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Leflunomide_ddi_T14",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"ibuprofen"
],
"offsets": [
[
1137,
1146
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Leflunomide_ddi_T15",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"NSAIDs"
],
"offsets": [
[
1290,
1296
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Leflunomide_ddi_T16",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Tolbutamide"
],
"offsets": [
[
1358,
1369
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Leflunomide_ddi_T17",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"tolbutamide"
],
"offsets": [
[
1470,
1481
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Leflunomide_ddi_T18",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Rifampin"
],
"offsets": [
[
1577,
1585
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Leflunomide_ddi_T19",
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"ARAVA"
],
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1644,
1649
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Leflunomide_ddi_T20",
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"text": [
"rifampin"
],
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1690,
1698
]
],
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},
{
"id": "Leflunomide_ddi_T21",
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"ARAVA"
],
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1758,
1763
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},
{
"id": "Leflunomide_ddi_T22",
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"ARAVA"
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1810,
1815
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},
{
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"ARAVA"
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1929,
1934
]
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{
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"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"rifampin"
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1939,
1947
]
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{
"id": "Leflunomide_ddi_T25",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Warfarin"
],
"offsets": [
[
1949,
1957
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Leflunomide_ddi_T26",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"ARAVA"
],
"offsets": [
[
2011,
2016
]
],
"normalized": []
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{
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"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"warfarin"
],
"offsets": [
[
2021,
2029
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"id": "Leflunomide_ddi_R1",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Leflunomide_ddi_T3",
"arg2_id": "Leflunomide_ddi_T5",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Leflunomide_ddi_R2",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Leflunomide_ddi_T4",
"arg2_id": "Leflunomide_ddi_T5",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Leflunomide_ddi_R3",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Leflunomide_ddi_T8",
"arg2_id": "Leflunomide_ddi_T9",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Leflunomide_ddi_R4",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Leflunomide_ddi_T19",
"arg2_id": "Leflunomide_ddi_T20",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Leflunomide_ddi_R5",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Leflunomide_ddi_T23",
"arg2_id": "Leflunomide_ddi_T24",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Leflunomide_ddi_R6",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Leflunomide_ddi_T26",
"arg2_id": "Leflunomide_ddi_T27",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Lapatinib_ddi | Lapatinib_ddi | [
{
"id": "Lapatinib_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Effects of Lapatinib on Drug Metabolizing Enzymes and Drug Transport Systems Lapatinib inhibits CYP3A4 and CYP2C8 in vitro at clinically relevant concentrations. Caution should be exercised and dose reduction of the concomitant substrate drug should be considered when dosing lapatinib concurrently with medications with narrow therapeutic windows that are substrates of CYP3A4 or CYP2C8. Lapatinib did not significantly inhibit the following enzymes in human liver microsomes: CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP2D6 or UGT enzymes in vitro, however, the clinical significance is unknown. Lapatinib inhibits human P-glycoprotein. If TYKERB is administered with drugs that are substrates of Pgp, increased concentrations of the substrate drug are likely, and caution should be exercised. Drugs that Inhibit or Induce Cytochrome P450 3A4 Enzymes Lapatinib undergoes extensive metabolism by CYP3A4, and concomitant administration of strong inhibitors or inducers of CYP3A4 alter lapatinib concentrations significantly. Dose adjustment of lapatinib should be considered for patients who must receive concomitant strong inhibitors or concomitant strong inducers of CYP3A4 enzymes. Ketoconazole: In healthy subjects receiving ketoconazole, a CYP3A4 inhibitor, at 200 mg twice daily for 7 days, systemic exposure (AUC) to lapatinib was increased to approximately 3.6-fold of control and half-life increased to 1.7-fold of control. Carbamazepine: In healthy subjects receiving the CYP3A4 inducer, carbamazepine, at 100 mg twice daily for 3 days and 200 mg twice daily for 17 days, systemic exposure (AUC) to lapatinib was decreased approximately 72%. Drugs that Inhibit Drug Transport Systems Lapatinib is a substrate of the efflux transporter P-glycoprotein (Pgp, ABCB1). If TYKERB is administered with drugs that inhibit Pgp, increased concentrations of lapatinib are likely, and caution should be exercised. Other Chemotherapy Agents In a separate study, concomitant administration of lapatinib with capecitabine did not meaningfully alter the pharmacokinetics of either agent (or the metabolites of capecitabine)."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2106
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Lapatinib_ddi_T1",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Lapatinib"
],
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[
11,
20
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Lapatinib_ddi_T2",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Lapatinib"
],
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[
77,
86
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Lapatinib_ddi_T3",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"lapatinib"
],
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276,
285
]
],
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},
{
"id": "Lapatinib_ddi_T4",
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"text": [
"Lapatinib"
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389,
398
]
],
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},
{
"id": "Lapatinib_ddi_T5",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Lapatinib"
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586,
595
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Lapatinib_ddi_T6",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"TYKERB"
],
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[
630,
636
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Lapatinib_ddi_T7",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Lapatinib"
],
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[
841,
850
]
],
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},
{
"id": "Lapatinib_ddi_T8",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"lapatinib"
],
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[
973,
982
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Lapatinib_ddi_T9",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"lapatinib"
],
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[
1032,
1041
]
],
"normalized": []
},
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"id": "Lapatinib_ddi_T10",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Ketoconazole"
],
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1173,
1185
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Lapatinib_ddi_T11",
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"text": [
"ketoconazole"
],
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[
1217,
1229
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Lapatinib_ddi_T12",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"lapatinib"
],
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[
1312,
1321
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Lapatinib_ddi_T13",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Carbamazepine"
],
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[
1421,
1434
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Lapatinib_ddi_T14",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"carbamazepine"
],
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[
1486,
1499
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Lapatinib_ddi_T15",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"lapatinib"
],
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1597,
1606
]
],
"normalized": []
},
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"id": "Lapatinib_ddi_T16",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Lapatinib"
],
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1682,
1691
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Lapatinib_ddi_T17",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"TYKERB"
],
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[
1765,
1771
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Lapatinib_ddi_T18",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"lapatinib"
],
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[
1845,
1854
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Lapatinib_ddi_T19",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"lapatinib"
],
"offsets": [
[
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]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Lapatinib_ddi_T20",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"capecitabine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1992,
2004
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Lapatinib_ddi_T21",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"capecitabine"
],
"offsets": [
[
2092,
2104
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"id": "Lapatinib_ddi_R1",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Lapatinib_ddi_T11",
"arg2_id": "Lapatinib_ddi_T12",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Lapatinib_ddi_R2",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Lapatinib_ddi_T14",
"arg2_id": "Lapatinib_ddi_T15",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Escitalopram_ddi | Escitalopram_ddi | [
{
"id": "Escitalopram_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"CNS Drugs - Given the primary CNS effects of escitalopram, caution should be used when it is taken in combination with other centrally acting drugs. Alcohol - Although LEXAPRO did not potentiate the cognitive and motor effects of alcohol in a clinical trial, as with other psychotropic medications, the use of alcohol by patients taking LEXAPRO is not recommended. Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) Drugs That Interfere With Hemostasis (NSAIDs, Aspirin, Warfarin, etc.) Serotonin release by platelets plays an important role in hemostasis. Epidemiological studies of the case-control and cohort design that have demonstrated an association between use of psychotropic drugs that interfere with serotonin reuptake and the occurrence of upper gastrointestinal bleeding have also shown that concurrent use of an NSAID or aspirin potentiated the risk of bleeding. Thus, patients should be cautioned about the use of such drugs concurrently with LEXAPRO. Cimetidine - In subjects who had received 21 days of 40 mg/day racemic citalopram, combined administration of 400 mg/day cimetidine for 8 days resulted in an increase in citalopram AUC and Cmax of 43% and 39%, respectively. The clinical significance of these findings is unknown. Digoxin - In subjects who had received 21 days of 40 mg/day racemic citalopram, combined administration of citalopram and digoxin (single dose of 1 mg) did not significantly affect the pharmacokinetics of either citalopram or digoxin. Lithium - Coadministration of racemic citalopram (40 mg/day for 10 days) and lithium (30 mmol/day for 5 days) had no significant effect on the pharmacokinetics of citalopram or lithium. Nevertheless, plasma lithium levels should be monitored with appropriate adjustment to the lithium dose in accordance with standard clinical practice. Because lithium may enhance the serotonergic effects of escitalopram, caution should be exercised when LEXAPRO and lithium are coadministered. Pimozide and Celexa - In a controlled study, a single dose of pimozide 2 mg co-administered with racemic citalopram 40 mg given once daily for 11 days was associated with a mean increase in QTc values of approximately 10 msec compared to pimozide given alone. Racemic citalopram did not alter the mean AUC or Cmax of pimozide. The mechanism of this pharmacodynamic interaction is not known. Sumatriptan - There have been rare postmarketing reports describing patients with weakness, hyperreflexia, and incoordination following the use of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) and sumatriptan. If concomitant treatment with sumatriptan and an SSRI (e.g., fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, paroxetine, sertraline, citalopram, escitalopram) is clinically warranted, appropriate observation of the patient is advised. Theophylline - Combined administration of racemic citalopram (40 mg/day for 21 days) and the CYP1A2 substrate theophylline (single dose of 300 mg) did not affect the pharmacokinetics of theophylline. The effect of theophylline on the pharmacokinetics of citalopram was not evaluated. Warfarin - Administration of 40 mg/day racemic citalopram for 21 days did not affect the pharmacokinetics of warfarin, a CYP3A4 substrate. Prothrombin time was increased by 5%, the clinical significance of which is unknown. Carbamazepine - Combined administration of racemic citalopram (40 mg/day for 14 days) and carbamazepine (titrated to 400 mg/day for 35 days) did not significantly affect the pharmacokinetics of carbamazepine, a CYP3A4 substrate. Although trough citalopram plasma levels were unaffected, given the enzyme-inducing properties of carbamazepine, the possibility that carbamazepine might increase the clearance of escitalopram should be considered if the two drugs are coadministered. Triazolam - Combined administration of racemic citalopram (titrated to 40 mg/day for 28 days) and the CYP3A4 substrate triazolam (single dose of 0.25 mg) did not significantly affect the pharmacokinetics of either citalopram or triazolam. Ketoconazole - Combined administration of racemic citalopram (40 mg) and ketoconazole (200 mg) decreased the Cmax and AUC of ketoconazole by 21% and 10%, respectively, and did not significantly affect the pharmacokinetics of citalopram. Ritonavir - Combined administration of a single dose of ritonavir (600 mg), both a CYP3A4 substrate and a potent inhibitor of CYP3A4, and escitalopram (20 mg) did not affect the pharmacokinetics of either ritonavir or escitalopram. CYP3A4 and -2C19 Inhibitors - In vitro studies indicated that CYP3A4 and -2C19 are the primary enzymes involved in the metabolism of escitalopram. However, coadministration of escitalopram (20 mg) and ritonavir (600 mg), a potent inhibitor of CYP3A4, did not significantly affect the pharmacokinetics of escitalopram. Because escitalopram is metabolized by multiple enzyme systems, inhibition of a single enzyme may not appreciably decrease escitalopram clearance. Drugs Metabolized by Cytochrome P4502D6 - In vitro studies did not reveal an inhibitory effect of escitalopram on CYP2D6. In addition, steady state levels of racemic citalopram were not significantly different in poor metabolizers and extensive CYP2D6 metabolizers after multiple-dose administration of citalopram, suggesting that coadministration, with escitalopram, of a drug that inhibits CYP2D6, is unlikely to have clinically significant effects on escitalopram metabolism. However, there are limited in vivo data suggesting a modest CYP2D6 inhibitory effect for escitalopram, i.e., coadministration of escitalopram (20 mg/day for 21 days) with the tricyclic antidepressant desipramine (single dose of 50 mg), a substrate for CYP2D6, resulted in a 40% increase in Cmax and a 100% increase in AUC of desipramine. The clinical significance of this finding is unknown. Nevertheless, caution is indicated in the coadministration of escitalopram and drugs metabolized by CYP2D6. Metoprolol - Administration of 20 mg/day LEXAPRO for 21 days in healthy volunteers resulted in a 50% increase in Cmax and 82% increase in AUC of the beta-adrenergic blocker metoprolol (given in a single dose of 100 mg). Increased metoprolol plasma levels have been associated with decreased cardioselectivity. Coadministration of LEXAPRO and metoprolol had no clinically significant effects on blood pressure or heart rate. Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) - There are no clinical studies of the combined use of ECT and escitalopram. Concomitant Administration with Racemic Citalopram Citalopram - Since escitalopram is the active isomer of racemic citalopram (Celexa), the two agents should not be coadministered."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
6616
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Escitalopram_ddi_T1",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"escitalopram"
],
"offsets": [
[
45,
57
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Escitalopram_ddi_T2",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Alcohol"
],
"offsets": [
[
149,
156
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Escitalopram_ddi_T3",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"LEXAPRO"
],
"offsets": [
[
168,
175
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Escitalopram_ddi_T4",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"alcohol"
],
"offsets": [
[
230,
237
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Escitalopram_ddi_T5",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"psychotropic medications"
],
"offsets": [
[
273,
297
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Escitalopram_ddi_T6",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"alcohol"
],
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[
310,
317
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Escitalopram_ddi_T7",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"LEXAPRO"
],
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[
337,
344
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Escitalopram_ddi_T8",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors"
],
"offsets": [
[
365,
393
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Escitalopram_ddi_T9",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"MAOIs"
],
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[
395,
400
]
],
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},
{
"id": "Escitalopram_ddi_T10",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"NSAIDs"
],
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[
440,
446
]
],
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},
{
"id": "Escitalopram_ddi_T11",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"Aspirin"
],
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[
448,
455
]
],
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},
{
"id": "Escitalopram_ddi_T12",
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"text": [
"Warfarin"
],
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[
457,
465
]
],
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},
{
"id": "Escitalopram_ddi_T13",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"psychotropic drugs"
],
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658,
676
]
],
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{
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"text": [
"NSAID"
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[
812,
817
]
],
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},
{
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"text": [
"aspirin"
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821,
828
]
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{
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"LEXAPRO"
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944,
951
]
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"Cimetidine"
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"offsets": [
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953,
963
]
],
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},
{
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"text": [
"citalopram"
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1024,
1034
]
],
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},
{
"id": "Escitalopram_ddi_T19",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"cimetidine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1074,
1084
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Escitalopram_ddi_T20",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"citalopram"
],
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1123,
1133
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Escitalopram_ddi_T21",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Digoxin"
],
"offsets": [
[
1233,
1240
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Escitalopram_ddi_T22",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"citalopram"
],
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[
1301,
1311
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Escitalopram_ddi_T23",
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"text": [
"citalopram"
],
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[
1340,
1350
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Escitalopram_ddi_T24",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"digoxin"
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[
1355,
1362
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Escitalopram_ddi_T25",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"citalopram"
],
"offsets": [
[
1445,
1455
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Escitalopram_ddi_T26",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"digoxin"
],
"offsets": [
[
1459,
1466
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Escitalopram_ddi_T27",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"Lithium"
],
"offsets": [
[
1468,
1475
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Escitalopram_ddi_T28",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"citalopram"
],
"offsets": [
[
1506,
1516
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Escitalopram_ddi_T29",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"lithium"
],
"offsets": [
[
1545,
1552
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Escitalopram_ddi_T30",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"citalopram"
],
"offsets": [
[
1631,
1641
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Escitalopram_ddi_T31",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"lithium"
],
"offsets": [
[
1645,
1652
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Escitalopram_ddi_T32",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"lithium"
],
"offsets": [
[
1675,
1682
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Escitalopram_ddi_T33",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"lithium"
],
"offsets": [
[
1745,
1752
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Escitalopram_ddi_T34",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"lithium"
],
"offsets": [
[
1813,
1820
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Escitalopram_ddi_T35",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"escitalopram"
],
"offsets": [
[
1861,
1873
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Escitalopram_ddi_T36",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"LEXAPRO"
],
"offsets": [
[
1908,
1915
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Escitalopram_ddi_T37",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"lithium"
],
"offsets": [
[
1920,
1927
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{
"id": "Escitalopram_ddi_T38",
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[
1948,
1956
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{
"id": "Escitalopram_ddi_T39",
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"Celexa"
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[
1961,
1967
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{
"id": "Escitalopram_ddi_T40",
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"pimozide"
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[
2010,
2018
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{
"id": "Escitalopram_ddi_T41",
"type": "DRUG",
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"citalopram"
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2053,
2063
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{
"id": "Escitalopram_ddi_T42",
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"pimozide"
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2186,
2194
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{
"id": "Escitalopram_ddi_T43",
"type": "DRUG",
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"citalopram"
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2216,
2226
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{
"id": "Escitalopram_ddi_T44",
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"pimozide"
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2265,
2273
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{
"id": "Escitalopram_ddi_T45",
"type": "DRUG",
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"Sumatriptan"
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[
2339,
2350
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{
"id": "Escitalopram_ddi_T46",
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[
2488,
2526
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{
"id": "Escitalopram_ddi_T47",
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"SSRI"
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2528,
2532
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{
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"sumatriptan"
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2538,
2549
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{
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"sumatriptan"
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[
2581,
2592
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{
"id": "Escitalopram_ddi_T50",
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2600,
2604
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{
"id": "Escitalopram_ddi_T51",
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"fluoxetine"
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[
2612,
2622
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{
"id": "Escitalopram_ddi_T52",
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[
2624,
2635
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{
"id": "Escitalopram_ddi_T53",
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"paroxetine"
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[
2637,
2647
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{
"id": "Escitalopram_ddi_T54",
"type": "DRUG",
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"sertraline"
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[
2649,
2659
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{
"id": "Escitalopram_ddi_T55",
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"citalopram"
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[
2661,
2671
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{
"id": "Escitalopram_ddi_T56",
"type": "DRUG",
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"escitalopram"
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[
2673,
2685
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{
"id": "Escitalopram_ddi_T57",
"type": "DRUG",
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"Theophylline"
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[
2763,
2775
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{
"id": "Escitalopram_ddi_T58",
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"citalopram"
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[
2813,
2823
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{
"id": "Escitalopram_ddi_T59",
"type": "DRUG",
"text": [
"theophylline"
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[
2873,
2885
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{
"id": "Escitalopram_ddi_T60",
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"theophylline"
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[
2949,
2961
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{
"id": "Escitalopram_ddi_T61",
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"theophylline"
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[
2977,
2989
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{
"id": "Escitalopram_ddi_T62",
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"citalopram"
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[
3017,
3027
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{
"id": "Escitalopram_ddi_T63",
"type": "DRUG",
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"Warfarin"
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[
3047,
3055
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{
"id": "Escitalopram_ddi_T64",
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"citalopram"
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[
3094,
3104
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{
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[
3156,
3164
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{
"id": "Escitalopram_ddi_T66",
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[
3271,
3284
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{
"id": "Escitalopram_ddi_T67",
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"citalopram"
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[
3322,
3332
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{
"id": "Escitalopram_ddi_T68",
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[
3361,
3374
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{
"id": "Escitalopram_ddi_T69",
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[
3465,
3478
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{
"id": "Escitalopram_ddi_T70",
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[
3516,
3526
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{
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3598,
3611
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{
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[
3634,
3647
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{
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3680,
3692
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{
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3751,
3760
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{
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3798,
3808
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3870,
3879
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{
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[
3965,
3975
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{
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3979,
3988
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{
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[
3990,
4002
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{
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4040,
4050
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{
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[
4063,
4075
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{
"id": "Escitalopram_ddi_T82",
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4115,
4127
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{
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[
4215,
4225
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{
"id": "Escitalopram_ddi_T84",
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[
4227,
4236
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{
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4283,
4292
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{
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4365,
4377
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{
"id": "Escitalopram_ddi_T87",
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4432,
4441
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{
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4445,
4457
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{
"id": "Escitalopram_ddi_T89",
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4592,
4604
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{
"id": "Escitalopram_ddi_T90",
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[
4635,
4647
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{
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4660,
4669
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{
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4763,
4775
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{
"id": "Escitalopram_ddi_T93",
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4785,
4797
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{
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4900,
4912
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{
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5022,
5034
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{
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5090,
5100
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{
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5227,
5237
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{
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5278,
5290
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{
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5378,
5390
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{
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5492,
5504
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{
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5532,
5544
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{
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[
5578,
5602
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{
"id": "Escitalopram_ddi_T103",
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5603,
5614
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{
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5728,
5739
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{
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5857,
5869
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{
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5903,
5913
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{
"id": "Escitalopram_ddi_T107",
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"LEXAPRO"
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5944,
5951
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{
"id": "Escitalopram_ddi_T108",
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6052,
6075
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{
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6076,
6086
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{
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6133,
6143
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{
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6233,
6240
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{
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6245,
6255
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6422,
6434
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6476,
6486
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6487,
6497
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6506,
6518
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6551,
6561
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{
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6563,
6569
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}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"id": "Escitalopram_ddi_R1",
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{
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{
"id": "Escitalopram_ddi_R21",
"type": "MECHANISM",
"arg1_id": "Escitalopram_ddi_T107",
"arg2_id": "Escitalopram_ddi_T109",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Escitalopram_ddi_R22",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Escitalopram_ddi_T116",
"arg2_id": "Escitalopram_ddi_T117",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Escitalopram_ddi_R23",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Escitalopram_ddi_T116",
"arg2_id": "Escitalopram_ddi_T118",
"normalized": []
}
] |
Droperidol_ddi | Droperidol_ddi | [
{
"id": "Droperidol_ddi__text",
"type": "abstract",
"text": [
"Other CNS depressant drugs (e.g. barbiturates, tranquilizers, opioids and general anesthetics) have additive or potentiating effects with INAPSINE. When patients have received such drugs, the dose of INAPSINE required will be less than usual. Following the administration of INAPSINE, the dose of other CNS depressant drugs should be reduced."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
342
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "Droperidol_ddi_T1",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"CNS depressant drugs"
],
"offsets": [
[
6,
26
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Droperidol_ddi_T2",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"barbiturates"
],
"offsets": [
[
33,
45
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Droperidol_ddi_T3",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"tranquilizers"
],
"offsets": [
[
47,
60
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Droperidol_ddi_T4",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"opioids"
],
"offsets": [
[
62,
69
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Droperidol_ddi_T5",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"anesthetics"
],
"offsets": [
[
82,
93
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Droperidol_ddi_T6",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"INAPSINE"
],
"offsets": [
[
138,
146
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Droperidol_ddi_T7",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"INAPSINE"
],
"offsets": [
[
200,
208
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Droperidol_ddi_T8",
"type": "BRAND",
"text": [
"INAPSINE"
],
"offsets": [
[
275,
283
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Droperidol_ddi_T9",
"type": "GROUP",
"text": [
"CNS depressant drugs"
],
"offsets": [
[
303,
323
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [
{
"id": "Droperidol_ddi_R1",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Droperidol_ddi_T1",
"arg2_id": "Droperidol_ddi_T6",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Droperidol_ddi_R2",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Droperidol_ddi_T2",
"arg2_id": "Droperidol_ddi_T6",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Droperidol_ddi_R3",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Droperidol_ddi_T3",
"arg2_id": "Droperidol_ddi_T6",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Droperidol_ddi_R4",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Droperidol_ddi_T4",
"arg2_id": "Droperidol_ddi_T6",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Droperidol_ddi_R5",
"type": "EFFECT",
"arg1_id": "Droperidol_ddi_T5",
"arg2_id": "Droperidol_ddi_T6",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "Droperidol_ddi_R6",
"type": "ADVISE",
"arg1_id": "Droperidol_ddi_T8",
"arg2_id": "Droperidol_ddi_T9",
"normalized": []
}
] |