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IDK | who was the first ministry head of state in nigeria | -1052334833502528495 | {
"text": "List of heads of state of Nigeria - Wikipedia List of heads of state of Nigeria From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation , search Nigeria This article is part of a series on the politics and government of Nigeria Constitution Human rights President ( list ) Muhammadu Buhari Vice President Yemi Osinbajo Cabinet Federal Parastatals National Assembly Senate House of Representatives Supreme Court Subdivisions States State governors Local Government Areas Recent elections Presidential: 2011 2015 Parliamentary: 2011 2015 Political parties Foreign relations Nigeria portal Other countries Atlas v t e This is a list of the heads of state of Nigeria , from independence in 1960 to the present day. From 1960 to 1963 the head of state under the Nigeria Independence Act 1960 was the Queen of Nigeria , Elizabeth II , who was also monarch of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms . The Queen was represented in Nigeria by a Governor-General . Nigeria became a federal republic under the Constitution of 1963 and the monarch and Governor-General were replaced by a ceremonial President . In 1979, under the 1979 Constitution, the President gained executive powers, becoming head of both state and government. Since 1994, under the 1993 Constitution and the current 1999 Constitution, the head of state and government has been called the President. [1] Contents [ hide ] 1 Monarchs (1960–1963) 1.1 Governors-General 2 First Republic (1963–1966) 3 Military rule (1966–1979) 4 Second Republic (1979–1983) 5 Military rule (1983–1993) 6 Third Republic (1993) 7 Military rule (1993–1999) 8 Fourth Nigerian Republic 9 Living former heads of state 10 References 11 External links Monarchs (1960–1963) [ edit ] The succession to the throne was the same as the succession to the British throne . Queen Reign Royal House Prime Minister № Portrait Name Start End Duration 1 Elizabeth II (1926–) 1 October 1960 1 October 1963 7003109500000000000♠ 3 years, 0 days Windsor Balewa Governors-General [ edit ] Standard of the Governor-General of Nigeria The Governor-General was the representative of the monarch in Nigeria and exercised most of the powers of the monarch. The Governor-General was appointed for an indefinite term, serving at the pleasure of the monarch. Since Nigeria was granted independence by the Nigeria Independence Act 1960 , rather than being first established as a semi-autonomous Dominion and later promoted to independence by the Statute of Westminster 1931 , the Governor-General was appointed solely on the advice of the Nigerian cabinet without the involvement of the British government, with the sole of exception of James Robertson, the former colonial governor, who served as Governor-General temporarily until he was replaced by Nnamdi Azikiwe. In the event of a vacancy the Chief Justice would have served as Officer Administering the Government . Governor-General Term of office Monarch Prime Minister № Portrait Name Took office Left office Duration 1 Sir James Robertson (1899–1983) 1 October 1960 16 November 1960 7001460000000000000♠ 46 days Elizabeth II Balewa 2 Nnamdi Azikiwe (1904–1996) 16 November 1960 1 October 1963 7003104900000000000♠ 2 years, 319 days Elizabeth II Balewa First Republic (1963–1966) [ edit ] Under the 1963 Constitution, the first constitution of the Republic of Nigeria, the President replaced the monarch as ceremonial head of state. The President was elected by Parliament for a five-year term. In the event of a vacancy the President of the Senate would have served as Acting President. President Term of office Political party (at time of election) Prime Minister(s) № Portrait Name Took office Left office Duration 1 Nnamdi Azikiwe (1904–1996) 1 October 1963 16 January 1966 ( deposed. ) 7002838000000000000♠ 2 years, 107 days National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons Balewa Military rule (1966–1979) [ edit ] Major Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu led a coup d'état in 1966 which overthrew President Azikiwe and his government. Head of State Term of Office Military № Portrait Name Took Office Left Office Duration 2 Major-General Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi (1924–1966) 16 January 1966 12 July 1966 ( assassinated. ) 7002177000000000000♠ 177 days Federal Military Government 3 General Yakubu Gowon (1934–) 1 August 1966 29 July 1975 ( deposed. ) 7003328400000000000♠ 8 years, 362 days Federal Military Government 4 General Murtala Mohammed (1938–1976) 29 July 1975 13 February 1976 ( assassinated. ) 7002199000000000000♠ 199 days Federal Military Government 5 Major-General Olusegun Obasanjo (1937–) 13 February 1976 1 October 1979 ( resigned. ) 7003135400000000000♠ 3 years, 258 days Federal Military Government Second Republic (1979–1983) [ edit ] Under the 1979 Constitution, the second constitution of the Republic of Nigeria, the President was head of both state and government. The President was elected by for a four-year term. In the event of a vacancy the Vice President would have served as Acting President. President Term of office Political party (at time of election) № Portrait Name Took office Left office Duration 6 Shehu Shagari (1925–) 1 October 1979 31 December 1983 ( deposed. ) 7003155200000000000♠ 4 years, 91 days National Party of Nigeria Military rule (1983–1993) [ edit ] Major-General Muhammadu Buhari led a coup d'état which overthrew President Shagari and his government. Head of State Term of Office Military № Portrait Name Took Office Left Office Duration 7 Major-General Muhammadu Buhari (1942–) 31 December 1983 27 August 1985 ( deposed. ) 1 year, 239 days Supreme Military Council 8 General Ibrahim Babangida (1941–) 27 August 1985 26 August 1993 ( resigned. ) 7003292100000000000♠ 7 years, 364 days Armed Forces Ruling Council Third Republic (1993) [ edit ] The Third Republic was the planned republican government of Nigeria in 1993 which was to be governed by the Third Republican constitution. The constitution of the Third Republic was drafted in 1989, when General Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida (IBB), the military Head of State , promised to terminate military rule by 1990 – a date which was subsequently pushed back to 1993. IBB lifted the ban on political activity in the spring of 1989, and his government established two political parties: the center-right National Republican Convention (NRC) and the center-left Social Democratic Party (SDP). Gubernatorial and state legislative elections were conducted in December 1991, while the presidential election was postponed till 12 June 1993 – due to political unrest. M. K. O. Abiola , a wealthy Yoruba businessman, won a decisive victory in the presidential elections on the SDP platm. President Term of office Political party (at time of election) № Portrait Name Took office Left office Duration 9 Ernest Shonekan (1936–) 26 August 1993 17 November 1993 ( deposed. ) 7001830000000000000♠ 83 days Independent Military rule (1993–1999) [ edit ] General Sani Abacha led a coup d'état which overthrew President Shonekan and his government. Head of State Term of Office Military № Portrait Name Took Office Left Office Duration 10 General Sani Abacha (1943–1998) 17 November 1993 8 June 1998 ( died in office. ) 7003166400000000000♠ 4 years, 203 days Provisional Ruling Council 11 General Abdulsalami Abubakar (1942–) 8 June 1998 29 May 1999 ( resigned. ) 7002355000000000000♠ 355 days Provisional Ruling Council Fourth Nigerian Republic [ edit ] Under the fourth Constitution of the Republic of Nigeria, the President is head of both state and government. The President is elected by for a four-year term. In the event of a vacancy the Vice President serves as Acting President. Status Denotes Vice President acting as President President Term of office Political party (at time of election) № Portrait Name Took office Left office Duration 12 Olusegun Obasanjo (1937–) 29 May 1999 29 May 2007 7003292200000000000♠ 8 years, 0 days People's Democratic Party 13 Umaru Musa Yar'Adua (1951–2010) 29 May 2007 5 May 2010 [2] ( died in office. ) 7003107200000000000♠ 2 years, 341 days People's Democratic Party 14 Goodluck Jonathan (1957–) 5 May 2010 29 May 2015 7003185100000000000♠ 5 years, 25 days People's Democratic Party 15 Muhammadu Buhari (1942–) 29 May 2015 Incumbent 7002886000000000000♠ 2 years, 155 days All Progressives Congress Living former heads of state [ edit ] Name Term/Reign Office Date of birth Elizabeth II 1952–1961 Queen of Nigeria ( 1926-04-21 ) April 21, 1926 (age 91) Yakubu Gowon 1966–1975 Military ruler ( 1934-10-19 ) October 19, 1934 (age 83) Olusegun Obasanjo 1976–1979 1999–2007 Military ruler President of Nigeria ( 1937-03-05 ) March 5, 1937 (age 80) Shehu Shagari 1979–1983 President of Nigeria ( 1925-02-25 ) February 25, 1925 (age 92) Ibrahim Babangida 1985–1993 Military ruler ( 1941-08-17 ) August 17, 1941 (age 76) Ernest Shonekan 1993 President of Nigeria ( 1936-05-09 ) May 9, 1936 (age 81) Abdulsalami Abubakar 1998–1999 Military ruler ( 1942-06-13 ) June 13, 1942 (age 75) Goodluck Jonathan 2010–2015 President of Nigeria ( 1957-11-20 ) November 20, 1957 (age 59) References [ edit ] Jump up ^ \"Past Presidents & Heads of State\" . StateHouse, Federal Republic of Nigeria. Jump up ^ Goodluck Jonathan was Acting President from 9 February to 5 May 2010 External links [ edit ] State House of the Federal Republic of Nigeria [ show ] v t e Heads of State of Nigeria Queen (1960–1963) Elizabeth II President of the First Republic (1963–1966) Azikiwe Military regime (1966–1979) Aguiyi-Ironsi Gowon Mohammed Obasanjo President of the Second Republic (1979–1983) Shehu Shagari Military regime (1983–1999) Buhari Babangida Shonekan (interim) * Abacha Abubakar President of the Fourth Republic (from 1999) Obasanjo Yar'Adua Jonathan Buhari *civilian; headed transition to abortive Third Republic [ show ] v t e Representatives of the monarch in Commonwealth realms and Dominions National Counsellors of State United Kingdom Governors-general Antigua and Barbuda Australia Bahamas Barbados Belize Canada Grenada Jamaica New Zealand Papua New Guinea Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Solomon Islands Tuvalu Sub-national Australia Governors New South Wales Queensland South Australia Tasmania Victoria Western Australia Canada Lieutenant governors Alberta British Columbia Manitoba New Brunswick Newfoundland Nova Scotia Ontario Prince Edward Island Quebec Saskatchewan Realm of New Zealand Governor-general Niue , New Zealand Queen's Representative Cook Islands Administrator Tokelau United Kingdom Lords lieutenant England , Wales , Scotland , Northern Ireland ( list Former Governors general Ceylon (now Sri Lanka ) Fiji The Gambia Ghana Guyana India Irish Free State (now Ireland ) Kenya Malawi Malta Mauritius Nigeria Pakistan Sierra Leone Union of South Africa Tanganyika Trinidad and Tobago Uganda Retrieved from \" https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_heads_of_state_of_Nigeria&oldid=808050051 \" Categories : Government of Nigeria Lists of political office-holders in Nigeria Hidden categories: Official website not in Wikidata Navigation menu Personal tools Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Namespaces Article Talk Variants Views Read Edit View history More Search Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Donate to Wikipedia Wikipedia store Interaction Help About Wikipedia Community portal Recent changes Contact page Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Wikidata item Cite this page Print/export Create a book Download as PDF Printable version Languages Čeština Dansk Deutsch Eesti Esperanto فارسی Français Ido Bahasa Indonesia Italiano Basa Jawa Latviešu Norsk Occitan Suomi Svenska Türkçe Yorùbá Edit links This page was last edited on 31 October 2017, at 15:48. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License ;\nadditional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. , a non-profit organization. Privacy policy About Wikipedia Disclaimers Contact Wikipedia Developers Cookie statement Mobile view Enable previews",
"title": "List of heads of state of Nigeria",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=List_of_heads_of_state_of_Nigeria&oldid=808050051"
} |
IDK | who sang the song i'm a nut | -105753652159334321 | {
"text": "Roger Miller - Wikipedia Roger Miller From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation , search For other people named Roger Miller, see Roger Miller (disambiguation) . Roger Miller Roger Miller in 1975 Born Roger Dean Miller, Sr. ( 1936-01-02 ) January 2, 1936 Fort Worth, Texas , U.S. Died October 25, 1992 (1992-10-25) (aged 56) Los Angeles , California, U.S. Nationality American Other names Roger Miller, Sr. Roger D. Miller, Sr. \"The Wild Child\" Occupation Singer, songwriter, musician, actor Years active 1957–1992 Spouse(s) Barbara (m. 19??; div. 19??) Leah Kendrick ( m. 1964; div. 1976) Mary Arnold ( m. 1977) Children 7 Website www.rogermiller.com Musical career Origin Erick, Oklahoma Genres Country Instruments Vocals, guitar, fiddle , drums Associated acts Bill Anderson , George Jones , Dean Miller , Willie Nelson , Johnny Paycheck , Minnie Pearl , Ray Price , Jim Reeves , Sheb Wooley , Dwight Yoakam , Faron Young , Thumbs Carllile , John Denver , Mel Tillis , Glen Campbell , Dean Martin Roger Dean Miller, Sr. (January 2, 1936 – October 25, 1992) was an American singer-songwriter, musician, and actor, best known for his honky-tonk -influenced novelty songs . His most recognized tunes included the chart-topping country and pop hits \" King of the Road \", \" Dang Me \", and \" England Swings \", all from the mid-1960s Nashville sound era. After growing up in Oklahoma and serving in the United States Army , Miller began his musical career as a songwriter in the late 1950s, writing such hits as \" Billy Bayou \" and \"Home\" for Jim Reeves and \" Invitation to the Blues \" for Ray Price . He later began a recording career and reached the peak of his fame in the mid-1960s, continuing to record and tour into the 1990s, charting his final top 20 country hit \" Old Friends \" with Willie Nelson in 1982. He also wrote and performed several of the songs for the 1973 Disney animated film Robin Hood . Later in his life, he wrote the music and lyrics for the 1985 Tony -award winning Broadway musical Big River , in which he acted. Miller died from lung cancer in 1992 and was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame three years later. His songs continued to be recorded by other singers, with covers of \" Tall, Tall Trees \" by Alan Jackson and \" Husbands and Wives \" by Brooks & Dunn ; both reached the number one spot on country charts in the 1990s. The Roger Miller Museum in his home town of Erick, Oklahoma , was a tribute to Miller. Contents [ hide ] 1 Early life 2 Career 2.1 Nashville songwriter 2.2 Recording career 2.3 Late career 3 Style 4 Personal life and death 5 In popular culture 6 Filmography 7 Discography 7.1 Main albums 7.2 #1 singles 8 Awards 9 References 10 Sources 11 External links Early life [ edit ] Roger Miller was born in Fort Worth, Texas , the third son of Jean and Laudene (Holt) Miller. Jean Miller died from spinal meningitis when Miller was a year old. Unable to support the family during the Great Depression , [1] Laudene sent her three sons to live with three of Jean's brothers. Thus, Miller grew up on a farm outside Erick, Oklahoma , with Elmer and Armelia Miller. [2] As a boy, Miller did farm work, such as picking cotton and plowing. He would later say he was \"dirt poor\" and that as late as 1951 the family did not own a telephone. [3] He received his primary education at a one-room schoolhouse. Miller was an introverted child, and would often daydream or compose songs. One of his earliest compositions went: \"There's a picture on the wall. It's the dearest of them all, Mother.\" [1] Miller was a member of the National FFA Organization in high school. [3] He listened to the Grand Ole Opry and Light Crust Doughboys on a Fort Worth station with his cousin's husband, Sheb Wooley . Wooley taught Miller his first guitar chords and bought him a fiddle. Wooley, Hank Williams , and Bob Wills were the influences that led to Miller's desire to be a singer-songwriter. He began to run away and perform in Oklahoma and Texas. At 17, he stole a guitar out of desperation to write songs; however, he turned himself in the next day. He chose to enlist in the United States Army to avoid jail . He later quipped, \"My education was Korea, Clash of '52 .\" Near the end of his military service, while stationed in Atlanta, Georgia, Miller played fiddle in the \"Circle A Wranglers,\" a military musical group started by Faron Young . [1] While Miller was stationed in South Carolina , an army sergeant whose brother was Kenneth C. \"Jethro\" Burns , from the musical duo Homer and Jethro , persuaded him to head to Nashville after his discharge. [2] Career [ edit ] Nashville songwriter [ edit ] On leaving the Army, Miller traveled to Nashville to begin his musical career. He met with Chet Atkins , who asked to hear him sing, loaning him a guitar since Miller did not own one. Out of nervousness, Miller played the guitar and sang a song in two different keys. Atkins advised him to come back later, when he had more experience. Miller found work as a bellhop at Nashville's Andrew Jackson Hotel, and he was soon known as the \"singing bellhop.\" He was finally hired by Minnie Pearl to play the fiddle in her band. [4] He then met George Jones , who introduced him to music executives from the Starday Records label who scheduled an audition. Impressed, the executives set up a recording session with Jones in Houston . Jones and Miller collaborated to write \"Tall, Tall Trees\" and \"Happy Child.\" [1] The human mind is a wonderful thing. It starts working before you're even born and doesn't stop again until you sit down to write a song. Roger Miller [5] After marrying and becoming a father, Miller put aside his music career to be a fireman in Amarillo, Texas . [1] A fireman by day, he performed at night. Miller said that as a fireman he saw only two fires, one in a \"chicken coop\" and another he \"slept through,\" after which the department \"suggested that...[he] seek other employment.\" Miller met Ray Price , and became a member of his Cherokee Cowboys. He returned to Nashville and wrote \"Invitation to the Blues,\" which was covered by Rex Allen and later by Ray Price, whose recording was a number three hit on country charts. [6] Miller then signed with Tree Publishing on a salary of $50 a week. He wrote: \"Half a Mind\" for Ernest Tubb , \"That's the Way I Feel\" for Faron Young ; and his first number one, \"Billy Bayou,\" which along with \"Home\" was recorded by Jim Reeves . Miller became one of the biggest songwriters of the 1950s; however, Bill Anderson would later remark that \"Roger was the most talented, and least disciplined, person that you could imagine,\" citing the attempts of Miller's Tree Publishing boss, Buddy Killen to force him to finish a piece. He was known to give away lines, inciting many Nashville songwriters to follow him around since, according to Killen, \"everything he said was a potential song.\" [1] Recording career [ edit ] Miller signed a recording deal with Decca Records in 1958. He was paired with singer Donny Lytle, who later gained fame under the name Johnny Paycheck , to perform the Miller-written \"A Man Like Me,\" and later \"The Wrong Kind of Girl.\" Neither of these honky-tonk -style songs charted. His second single with the label, featuring the B-side \"Jason Fleming,\" foreshadowed Miller's future style. To make money, Miller went on tour with Faron Young's band as a drummer, although he had never drummed. During this period, he signed a record deal with Chet Atkins at RCA Victor , for whom Miller recorded \"You Don't Want My Love\" (also known as \"In the Summertime\") in 1960, which marked his first appearance on country charts, peaking at No. 14. The next year he made an even bigger impact, breaking through the top 10 with his single \"When Two Worlds Collide\", co-written with Bill Anderson. [7] But Miller soon tired of writing songs, divorced his wife, and began a party lifestyle that earned him the moniker \"wild child.\" He was dropped from his record label and began to pursue other interests. [1] Miller performing \" Husbands and Wives \" on the set of his television show in 1966 After numerous appearances on late night comedy shows, Miller decided that he might have a chance in Hollywood as an actor. Short of money, he signed with the up-and-coming label Smash Records , asked the label for $1,600 in cash in exchange for recording 16 sides. Smash agreed to the proposal, and Miller performed his first session for the company early in 1964, when he recorded the hits \"Dang Me\" and \" Chug-a-Lug \". Both were released as singles, peaking at No. 1 and No. 3 respectively on country charts; both fared well on the Billboard Hot 100 reaching No. 7 and No. 9. [8] The songs transformed Miller's career, although the former was penned by Miller in just four minutes. Later that year, he recorded the No. 15 hit \" Do-Wacka-Do ,\" and soon after, the biggest hit of his career \" King of the Road \", which topped Country and Adult Contemporary charts while peaking at No. 4 on the Billboard 100. It also reached No. 1 in the UK Singles Chart for one week in May 1965. The song was inspired by a sign in Chicago that read \"Trailers for Sale or Rent\" and a hobo who happened upon Miller at an airport in Boise , but Miller needed months to write the song, which was certified gold in May 1965 after selling a million copies. It won numerous awards and earned a royalty check of $160,000 that summer. [1] Later in the year Miller scored hits with \"Engine Engine No. 9\", \"Kansas City Star\" (a Top Ten country hit in 1965 about a local television children's show personality who would rather stay in the safety and security of his success in Kansas City than become a bigger star – or risk failure – in Omaha ), and \" England Swings \" (an adult contemporary No. 1). He began 1966 with the hit \"Husbands and Wives.\" [8] Miller was given his own TV show on NBC in September 1966 but it was canceled after 13 weeks in January 1967. During this period Miller recorded songs written by other songwriters. The final hit of his own composition was \"Walkin in the Sunshine,\" which reached No. 7 and No. 6 on the country and adult contemporary charts in 1967. [8] Later in the year he scored his final top 10 hit with a lowkey cover of Bobby Russell 's \" Little Green Apples \". [1] The next year, he was first to cover Kris Kristofferson 's \" Me and Bobby McGee ,\" [6] taking the song to No. 12 on country charts. [8] In 1970, Miller recorded the album A Trip in the Country , honky-tonk-style standards penned by Miller, including \"Tall, Tall Trees.\" Later that year, after Smash Records folded, Miller was signed by Columbia Records , for whom he released Dear Folks: Sorry I Haven't Written Lately in 1973. Later that year, Miller wrote and performed three songs in the Walt Disney animated feature Robin Hood as the rooster and minstrel Allan-a-Dale , including \"Whistle-Stop\" which was sampled for use in the popular Hampster Dance web site. [1] The other songs are Oo-De-Lally and Not In Nottingham . He provided the voice of Speiltoe, the equine narrator of the Rankin/Bass holiday special Nestor the Long-Eared Christmas Donkey in 1977. Miller collaborated with Willie Nelson on an album titled Old Friends. The title track was based on a song he had previously penned for his family in Oklahoma. The song, with guest vocals from Ray Price, was the last hit of Miller's career, [1] peaking at No. 19 on country charts in 1982. [8] Late career [ edit ] He continued to record for different record labels and charted a few songs, but stopped writing in 1978, feeling that his more \"artistic\" works were not appreciated. [2] This was the time when his only visit to England led him to Kippax . He played the social club there but was outdone by 17 Elvis performers. He was absent from the entertainment business following the release of Old Friends in 1981, but returned after receiving an offer to write a Broadway score for a musical based upon Mark Twain 's Adventures of Huckleberry Finn . Although he had not read the novel, Miller accepted the offer after discovering how the story brought him back to his childhood in rural Oklahoma. [9] It took a year and a half to write the opening, but he eventually finished it. The work, entitled Big River premiered at Eugene O'Neill Theatre in New York on April 25, 1985. The musical received glowing reviews, earning seven Tony Awards including \"Best Score\" for Miller. He acted the part of Huck Finn's father Pap for three months after the exit of actor John Goodman , who left for Hollywood. In 1983, Miller played a dramatic role on an episode of Quincy, M.E. He played a country and western singer who is severely burned while freebasing cocaine. [1] Miller left for Santa Fe to live with his family following the success of Big River . He co-wrote Dwight Yoakam 's hit \" It Only Hurts When I Cry \" from his 1990 album If There Was a Way , and supplied background vocals. [10] The song was released as a single in 1991, peaking at No. 7 on country charts. [11] He began a solo guitar tour in 1990, [1] ending the following year after being diagnosed with lung cancer. [1] His last performance on television occurred on a special tribute to Minnie Pearl [2] which aired on TNN on October 26, 1992, the day after Miller's death. [12] Style [ edit ] Although he is usually grouped with country music singers, Miller's unique style defies easy classification. Many of his recordings were humorous novelty songs with whimsical lyrics, coupled with scat singing or vocalese riffs filled with nonsense syllables. [13] Others were sincere ballads which caught the public's fancy, like his signature song, \"King of the Road.\" [14] The biographical book Ain't Got No Cigarettes described Miller as an \"uncategorizable talent\" and stated that many regarded him as a genius. [15] Miller's whimsical lyrics and nonsense sounding style led to him writing and performing songs for childrens' films such as \"Oo-de-Lally\" for the Disney animated film Robin Hood . [16] During his most successful years as a songwriter and singer, Miller's music was placed in the country genre due to his somewhat country or folk sounding voice and the use of an acoustic guitar, [17] although his lyrics were found to be sporadic and random at times. Yet even Miller's lyrics pointed his music toward country because of their having a \"bluegrass\" ring to them, most commonly found in his most recognizable song, \"King of the Road\". [ citation needed ] On his own style, Miller remarked that he \"tried to do\" things like other artists but that it \"always came out different\" so he got \"frustrated\" until realizing \"I'm the only one that knows what I'm thinking.\" He commented that the favorite song that he wrote was \"You Can't Rollerskate in a Buffalo Herd.\" [14] Johnny Cash discussed Miller's bass vocal range in his 1997 autobiography . He stated that it was the closest to his own that he had heard. Personal life and death [ edit ] Miller was married three times and fathered seven children. Miller married Barbara Crow, from Shamrock, Texas, when she was 17. Together the couple had four children, the first of whom died shortly after birth. As Miller’s young family grew, his desire for fame and success continued to grow, as well. After moving the family to California for a short time, Miller and Barbara divorced. Subsequent public interest in Miller led to the success he had long hoped for but brought with it struggles for the performer that are often associated with life in the entertainment business: depression, insomnia and drug addiction. [ citation needed ] Miller married Leah Kendrick of San Antonio in 1964. Together the couple had two children, Roger Dean Miller, Jr. and Shannon Elizabeth. [18] The Christmas song \" Old Toy Trains \" was written by Miller, Sr. about his son, who was two years old when it was released in 1967. “Shannon’s Song” was written for his youngest biological child and was included as a track on Miller’s album, “Dear Folks, Sorry I Haven’t Written Lately”. After 14 years, Miller’s personal struggles finally took their toll on Miller's marriage to Leah and they divorced in the mid-seventies. Miller eventually married Mary Arnold, whom he met through Kenny Rogers . [19] Arnold was a replacement member in The First Edition , a band that included Rogers. [18] They adopted two children. After the break-up of The First Edition, she performed with her husband Miller on tours as a back up singer. In 2009, she was inducted into the Iowa Rock 'n' Roll Hall of Fame. She currently manages Roger Miller's estate. She sued Sony for copyright infringement in the 2007 case Roger Miller Music, Inc. v. Sony/ATV Publishing, LLC , which went to the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit . [20] Arnold was ultimately awarded nearly $1 million in royalties and rights to the songs Miller wrote in 1964. [21] Miller was a lifelong cigarette smoker . During a television interview, Miller explained that he composed his songs from \"bits and pieces\" of ideas he wrote on scraps of paper. When asked what he did with the unused bits and pieces, he half-joked, \"I smoke 'em!\" He also wrote a song about his habit, titled \"Dad Blame Anything A Man Can't Quit\". Miller died of lung and throat cancer in 1992, at age 56, shortly after the discovery of a malignant tumor under his vocal cords. [2] His remains were cremated. A main street in Erick, Oklahoma was named Roger Miller Boulevard in his memory. He was posthumously inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame in 1995. In popular culture [ edit ] This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2018) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2018) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) In 1969, Miller appeared on the television show Daniel Boone as American folk hero Johnny Appleseed . In Miller's version of Appleseed, singing was quite common. [22] In 2007, music of \"King of the Road\" was used in a scene in the film Into The Wild , where a character in the film makes a mention of the song in writing a letter. He composed and performed a number of songs in the Disney animated film Robin Hood (1973). The Roger Miller song \"Whistle-Stop\" was whistled by the rooster character Alan-a-Dale. Other Miller songs sung by him included \"Oo-De-Lally\" in two versions and \"Not In Nottingham\". The \"Hampster Dance\" single in 2000 was based on the melody of \"Whistle Stop\". The Internet meme on which \"Hampster Dance\" was based used a sped-up version of Roger Miller's recording. The commercial song for Hampton the Hamster was altered to a sound-alike sample when the producers failed to obtain the rights to the original song. A bluegrass version of \"Boeing Boeing 707\" written by Roger Miller was released by Chris Roberts in January 2018. The song features Chris Roberts as vocalist. Musicians Ronnie McCoury (Mandolin), Cody Kilby (Acoustic Guitar), Dennis Crouch (Bass), Aubrey Haynie (Fiddle), Scott Vestal (Banjo) and Wes Hightower (Harmonies) are also featured on the recording. Produced by Adam Engelhardt and Glen Duncan. Mastered by Eric Conn. Filmography [ edit ] Waterhole No. 3 (1967) - Balladeer (voice) Daniel Boone (1969) - Johnny Appleseed Robin Hood (1973) - Alan-a-Dale - The Rooster (voice) Nestor, the Long–Eared Christmas Donkey (1977) - Steel Toe The Muppet Show Season 3, Episode 21 (Airdate: May 10, 1979) - Himself Murder, She Wrote Season 1, Episode 5, It's A Dog's Life (Airdate: Nov. 4, 1984) the Sheriff Lucky Luke (1991) - Jolly Jumper (voice). Quincy, M.E. (1983) On Dying High S8/Ep16 (undated CF 2825 well) Discography [ edit ] Main article: Roger Miller discography Roger Miller discography Studio albums 19 Live albums 3 Compilation albums 69 Singles 37 No.1 Single 3 Main albums [ edit ] [23] Roger and Out (1964) The Return of Roger Miller (1965) The 3rd Time Around (1965) Words and Music (1966) Walkin' in the Sunshine (1967) A Tender Look at Love (1968) Roger Miller (1969) Roger Miller Featuring Dang Me! (1969) A Trip in the Country (1970) Roger Miller 1970 (1970) Dear Folks, Sorry I Haven't Written Lately (1973) Celebration (1976) Painted Poetry (1977) Off the Wall (1978) Waterhole No. 3 (1978) Making a Name for Myself (1979) Old Friends (with Willie Nelson ) (1982) The Country Side of Roger Miller (1986) Green Green Grass of Home (1994) King of the Road: The Genius of Roger Miller (1995) #1 singles [ edit ] Released and recorded by Miller [8] \" Dang Me \" (1964) \" King of the Road \" (1965) \" England Swings \" (1966) Recorded and released by other artists \" Billy Bayou \" – Jim Reeves (1958) \" Don't We All Have the Right \" – Ricky Van Shelton (1988) \" Tall, Tall Trees \" – Alan Jackson (1995) \" Husbands and Wives \" – Brooks & Dunn (1998) Awards [ edit ] In addition to 11 Grammy Awards , Roger Miller won Broadway's Tony Award for writing the music and lyrics for Big River , which won a total of 7 Tony's including best musical in 1985. He was voted into the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1973 and the Country Music Hall of Fame in 1995. Miller's 11 Grammy Awards held the record as the most won by a single artist until Michael Jackson 's 1982 album Thriller . [18] In Erick, Oklahoma where he grew up, a thoroughfare was renamed \"Roger Miller Boulevard\" and a museum dedicated to Miller was built on the road in 2004. [24] Below is a list of awards won by Miller: [25] 1964 — Grammy Award : Best Country Song: \"Dang Me\" 1964 — Grammy Award : Best New Country and Western Artist 1964 — Grammy Award : Best Country and Western Recording, Single: \"Dang Me\" 1964 — Grammy Award : Best Country and Western Performance, Male: \"Dang Me\" 1964 — Grammy Award : Best Country and Western Album: \"Dang Me\"/\"Chug-a-Lug\" 1965 — Jukebox Artist of the Year 1965 — Grammy Award : Best Country Song: \"King of the Road\" 1965 — Grammy Award : Best Country Vocal Performance, Male: \"King of the Road\" 1965 — Grammy Award : Best Country and Western Recording, Single: \"King of the Road\" 1965 — Grammy Award : Best Contemporary Vocal Performance, Male: \"King of the Road\" 1965 — Grammy Award : Best Contemporary (Rock 'N Roll), Single: \"King of the Road\" 1965 — Grammy Award : Best Country and Western Album: \"The Return of Roger Miller\" 1965 — Academy of Country and Western Music: \"Best Songwriter\" 1965 — Academy of Country and Western Music: \"Man of the Year\" 1973 — Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame 1985 — Tony Award for Best Score and Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Lyrics for Big River 1988 — Academy of Country Music: Pioneer Award 1995 — Country Music Hall of Fame 1997 — Grammy Hall of Fame Song : \"Dang Me\" 1998 — Grammy Hall of Fame Song : \"King of the Road\" 2003 — CMT 's 40 Greatest Men of Country Music : Ranked No. 23. References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n \"Biography\" . rogermiller.com . Retrieved 2010-07-11 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Landon, Grelun; Stambler, Irwin; Stambler, Lyndon (2000), \"Roger Miller\", The Encyclopedia of Country Music , Macmillan, pp. 311–314 ^ Jump up to: a b \"High School Papers\" . rogermiller.com . Retrieved 2010-07-11 . Jump up ^ \"Roger Miller Biography\" . CMT . Retrieved 2010-07-11 . Jump up ^ Simpson, Paul (2003). The Rough Guide to Cult Pop . London: Rough Guides Ltd. p. 218. ISBN 1-84353-229-8 . ^ Jump up to: a b Cooper, Daniel. \"The Roger Miller Story\" . Country Music Hall of Fame . Jump up ^ \"Country Music News - Nash Country Daily\" . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f \"Roger Miller > Charts & Awards > Billboard Singles\" . AllMusic . Retrieved 2010-07-11 . Jump up ^ Holden, Stephen (October 27, 1992). \"Roger Miller, Quirky Country Singer and Songwriter, Is Dead at 56\" . New York Times . Jump up ^ Jurek, Thom. \"If There Was a Way\" . AllMusic . Retrieved 2010-07-11 . Jump up ^ \"If There Was a Way > Chart & Awards > Billboard Singles\" . AllMusic . Retrieved 2010-07-11 . Jump up ^ \"In brief:\". New York Magazine : 85. October 26, 1992. Jump up ^ Malone, Bill C. (1969). Country music U.S.A: a fifty-year history . University of Texas Press. p. 261. ISBN 978-0-292-71029-0 . ^ Jump up to: a b \"The Unhokey Okie\" . Time . May 5, 1965. Jump up ^ Style, Lyle, Ain't Got No Cigarettes , Great Plains Publications, p. 65, ISBN 978-1-894283-60-1 Jump up ^ Roger miller agrees 'words are his toys'. (1966, Sep 11). Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) Jump up ^ By, JON P. \"Music: Roger Miller.\" New York Times (1923-Current file), New York, N.Y., 1987. ^ Jump up to: a b c Van Ostrand, Maggie (October 26, 2006). \"Thirty or More Things You Should Know About Roger Miller\" . texasescapes.com. Jump up ^ \"Iowa Rock'n Roll Music Association 2009 Hall of Fame Inductee...\" Iowa Rock'n Roll Music Association . Retrieved 2010-07-11 . Jump up ^ \"Roger Miller Music, Inc., and Mary A. Miller v. Sont/ATV Publishing, LLC\" (PDF) . United States Court of Appeals. February 13, 2007. Jump up ^ \"Roger Miller's Widow Wins – Court Victory Equals $900,000 in Royalties\" . National Ledger . March 23, 2010 . Retrieved Mar 24, 2010 . Jump up ^ Daniel Boone TV series season 6 episode 140, \"A Very Small Rifle.\" Jump up ^ \"Roger Miller > Discography > Main Albums\" . AllMusic . Retrieved 2010-07-11 . Jump up ^ Flippo, Chet (June 3, 2004). \"Nashville Skyline: Roger Miller Gets a Museum\" . CMT . Jump up ^ \"Roger Miller\" . Nashville Songwriter's Hall of Fame. Archived from the original on June 14, 2011 . Retrieved July 11, 2010 . Sources [ edit ] Cooper, Daniel. (1998). \"Roger Miller.\" In The Encyclopedia of Country Music. Paul Kingsbury, Ed. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 347–8. External links [ edit ] All Roger Miller Songs Written and Released Episode of Quincy ME starring Roger Miller Roger Miller on IMDb Roger Miller at the Internet Broadway Database Roger Miller Museum in Erick, Oklahoma Roger Miller interview on the Pop Chronicles [ show ] v t e Roger Miller Studio albums Roger and Out The Return of Roger Miller The 3rd Time Around Words and Music Walkin' in the Sunshine Waterhole #3 (Code of the West) A Tender Look at Love Roger Miller Roger Miller Featuring Dang Me! Roger Miller 1970 A Trip in the Country Dear Folks, Sorry I Haven't Written Lately Celebration Painted Poetry Off the Wall Making a Name for Myself Old Friends with Willie Nelson Roger Miller The Country Side of Roger Miller Green Green Grass of Home Live albums Roger Miller Live! Live Hits You Remember: Live Singles 1950s – 1960s \"Poor Little John\" \"You're Forgettin' Me\" \"On This Mountain Top\" \"Mine is a Lonely Life\" \"Wrong Kind of Girl\" \"Jason Fleming\" \" You Don't Want My Love \" \"When Two Worlds Collide\" \"Fair Swiss Maiden\" \"Sorry Willie\" \"Hey Little Star\" \"Lock, Stock and Teardrops\" \" Dang Me \" \" Chug-a-Lug \" \" Do-Wacka-Do \" \" King of the Road \" \" Engine Engine #9 \" \" One Dyin' and a-Buryin '\" \"It Happened Just That Way\" \" Kansas City Star \" \" England Swings \" \" Husbands and Wives \" \" I've Been a Long Time Leaving (But I'll Be a Long Time Gone) \" \" You Can't Rollerskate in a Buffalo Herd \" \" My Uncle Used to Love Me But She Died \" \" Heartbreak Hotel \" \" Walkin' in the Sunshine \" \"The Ballad of Waterhole #3 (Code of the West)\" \" Old Toy Trains \" \" Little Green Apples \" \" Tolivar \" \"Vance\" \" Me and Bobby McGee \" \"Where Have All the Average People Gone\" 1970s – 1980s \" The Tom Green County Fair \" \"South\" \" Tomorrow Night in Baltimore \" \" Lovin' Her Was Easier (Than Anything I'll Ever Do Again) \" \"We Found It in Each Other's Arms\" \"Sunny Side of My Life\" \"Rings for Sale\" \" Hoppy's Gone \" \"Open Up Your Heart\" \"I Believe in the Sunshine\" \" Whistle Stop \" \"Our Love\" \"I Love a Rodeo\" \"Baby Me Baby\" \"Oklahoma Woman\" \"The Hat\" \"Everyone Gets Crazy Now and Then\" \"Old Friends\" with Willie Nelson and Ray Price \" River in the Rain \" \"Some Hearts Get All the Breaks\" Compilations Golden Hits The Best of Roger Miller, Volume One: Country Tunesmith The Best of Roger Miller, Volume Two: King of the Road King of the Road 20th Century Masters: The Millennium Collection All Time Greatest Hits A Man Like Me Related articles Discography Robin Hood Dean Miller [ show ] v t e Country Music Hall of Fame 1990s Tennessee Ernie Ford (1990) Felice and Boudleaux Bryant (1991) George Jones (1992) Frances Preston (1992) Willie Nelson (1993) Merle Haggard (1994) Roger Miller (1995) Jo Walker-Meador (1995) Patsy Montana (1996) Buck Owens (1996) Ray Price (1996) Harlan Howard (1997) Brenda Lee (1997) Cindy Walker (1997) George Morgan (1998) Elvis Presley (1998) E.W. \"Bud\" Wendell (1998) Tammy Wynette (1998) Johnny Bond (1999) Dolly Parton (1999) Conway Twitty (1999) [ show ] v t e Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Lyrics Fred Ebb (1969) Stephen Sondheim / Bertolt Brecht (1970) Stephen Sondheim (1971) John Guare (1972) Stephen Sondheim (1973) Al Carmines (1974) Charlie Smalls (1975) Edward Kleban (1976) Martin Charnin (1977) Carol Hall (1978) Stephen Sondheim (1979) Tim Rice (1980) Stephen Sondheim / Maury Yeston (1982) Howard Ashman (1983) Stephen Sondheim (1984) Roger Miller (1985) Stephen Sondheim (1988) David Zippel (1990) William Finn (1991) Susan Birkenhead (1992) Denis Markell and Douglas Bernstein (1993) Stephen Sondheim (1994) Jonathan Larson (1996) Gerard Alessandrini (1997) Lynn Ahrens (1998) Gerard Alessandrini (1999) Stephen Sondheim (2000) Mel Brooks (2001) Jason Robert Brown (2002) Scott Wittman and Marc Shaiman (2003) Stephen Schwartz (2004) Eric Idle (2005) Lisa Lambert and Greg Morrison (2006) Steven Sater (2007) Stew (2008) Stephen Sondheim (2009) John Kander and Fred Ebb (2010) Trey Parker , Robert Lopez and Matt Stone (2011) Glen Hansard and Markéta Irglová (2012) Tim Minchin (2013) Robert L. Freedman and Steven Lutvak (2014) Lin-Manuel Miranda (2015) Benj Pasek and Justin Paul (2016) David Yazbek (2017) [ show ] v t e Tony Award for Best Original Score 1947-1975 Street Scene by Kurt Weill (1947) Kiss Me, Kate by Cole Porter (1949) South Pacific by Richard Rodgers (1950) Call Me Madam by Irving Berlin (1951) No Strings by Richard Rodgers (1962) Oliver! by Lionel Bart (1963) Hello, Dolly! by Jerry Herman (1964) Fiddler on the Roof by Jerry Bock and Sheldon Harnick (1965) Man of La Mancha by Mitch Leigh and Joe Darion (1966) Cabaret by John Kander and Fred Ebb (1967) Hallelujah, Baby! by Jule Styne , Betty Comden , and Adolph Green (1968) Company by Stephen Sondheim (1971) Follies by Stephen Sondheim (1972) A Little Night Music by Stephen Sondheim (1973) Gigi by Frederick Loewe and Alan Jay Lerner (1974) The Wiz by Charlie Smalls (1975) 1976-2000 A Chorus Line by Marvin Hamlisch and Edward Kleban (1976) Annie by Charles Strouse and Martin Charnin (1977) On the Twentieth Century by Cy Coleman , Betty Comden , and Adolph Green (1978) Sweeney Todd by Stephen Sondheim (1979) Evita by Andrew Lloyd Webber and Tim Rice (1980) Woman of the Year by John Kander and Fred Ebb (1981) Nine by Maury Yeston (1982) Cats by Andrew Lloyd Webber and T. S. Eliot (1983) La Cage aux Folles by Jerry Herman (1984) Big River by Roger Miller (1985) Drood by Rupert Holmes (1986) Les Misérables by Claude-Michel Schönberg , Herbert Kretzmer , and Alain Boublil (1987) Into the Woods by Stephen Sondheim (1988) City of Angels by Cy Coleman and David Zippel (1990) The Will Rogers Follies by Cy Coleman , Betty Comden , and Adolph Green (1991) Falsettos by William Finn (1992) Kiss of the Spider Woman by John Kander and Fred Ebb / The Who's Tommy by Pete Townshend (1993) Passion by Stephen Sondheim (1994) Sunset Boulevard by Andrew Lloyd Webber , Don Black , and Christopher Hampton (1995) Rent by Jonathan Larson (1996) Titanic by Maury Yeston (1997) Ragtime by Stephen Flaherty and Lynn Ahrens (1998) Parade by Jason Robert Brown (1999) Aida by Elton John and Tim Rice (2000) 2001-present The Producers by Mel Brooks (2001) Urinetown by Mark Hollmann and Greg Kotis (2002) Hairspray by Marc Shaiman and Scott Wittman (2003) Avenue Q by Robert Lopez and Jeff Marx (2004) The Light in the Piazza by Adam Guettel (2005) The Drowsy Chaperone by Lisa Lambert and Greg Morrison (2006) Spring Awakening by Duncan Sheik and Steven Sater (2007) In the Heights by Lin-Manuel Miranda (2008) Next to Normal by Tom Kitt and Brian Yorkey (2009) Memphis by David Bryan and Joe DiPietro (2010) The Book of Mormon by Trey Parker , Robert Lopez and Matt Stone (2011) Newsies by Alan Menken and Jack Feldman (2012) Kinky Boots by Cyndi Lauper (2013) The Bridges of Madison County by Jason Robert Brown (2014) Fun Home by Jeanine Tesori and Lisa Kron (2015) Hamilton by Lin-Manuel Miranda (2016) Dear Evan Hansen by Benj Pasek and Justin Paul (2017) Authority control WorldCat Identities VIAF : 112431543 LCCN : n85173065 ISNI : 0000 0001 1580 4202 GND : 131518941 SUDOC : 092151752 BNF : cb13897530t (data) BIBSYS : 7026997 MusicBrainz : 102045e3-577c-4b10-b01b-424b7e461094 BNE : XX1225160 SNAC : w64b40ts Retrieved from \" https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Roger_Miller&oldid=832977994 \" Categories : 1936 births 1992 deaths People from Fort Worth, Texas American country singers American country singer-songwriters American male singers American army personnel of the Korean War American novelty song performers Singers from Oklahoma Deaths from cancer in California Country Music Hall of Fame inductees Deaths from lung cancer Deaths from esophageal cancer Grammy Award winners Mercury Records artists People from Beckham County, Oklahoma RCA Victor artists Smash Records artists Starday Records artists Tony Award winners United States Army soldiers American male composers American composers 20th-century American singers American country guitarists Columbia Records artists American acoustic guitarists American male guitarists American country fiddlers American country drummers 20th-century American guitarists 20th-century American drummers Songwriters from Texas Songwriters from Oklahoma Guitarists from Oklahoma Guitarists from Texas Hidden categories: Use mdy dates from July 2016 Articles with hCards All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from June 2017 Articles with unsourced statements from March 2018 Articles needing additional references from March 2018 All articles needing additional references Pages using infobox artist discography with unknown parameters Articles with IBDb links Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz identifiers Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers Good articles Navigation menu Personal tools Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Namespaces Article Talk Variants Views Read Edit View history More Search Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Donate to Wikipedia Wikipedia store Interaction Help About Wikipedia Community portal Recent changes Contact page Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Wikidata item Cite this page Print/export Create a book Download as PDF Printable version In other projects Wikimedia Commons Languages العربية Brezhoneg Čeština Dansk Deutsch Español فارسی Français Italiano Nederlands Norsk Português Русский Svenska 5 more Edit links This page was last edited on 29 March 2018, at 00:34. 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"title": "Roger Miller",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Roger_Miller&oldid=832977994"
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The Fast and the Furious ( also known as Fast & Furious ) is an American franchise based on a series of action films that is largely concerned with illegal street racing , heists and espionage , and includes material in various other media that depicts characters and situations from the films . Distributed by Universal Pictures , the series was established with the 2001 film titled The Fast and the Furious ; this was followed by seven sequels , two short films that tie into the series , and as of May 2017 , it has become Universal 's biggest franchise of all time , currently the sixth - highest - grossing film series of all time with a combined gross of over $5 billion . The spin - off film is set to be released on July 26 , 2019 . | when did fast and furious 5 come out | 4931880416121833580 | {
"text": "The Fast and the Furious - Wikipedia The Fast and the Furious From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation , search This article is about the film franchise. For the franchise's first film, see The Fast and the Furious (2001 film) . For other uses, see The Fast and the Furious (disambiguation) . The Fast and the Furious Created by Gary Scott Thompson Original work The Fast and the Furious (2001) Owner Universal Studios Films and television Film(s) The Fast and the Furious (2001) 2 Fast 2 Furious (2003) The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift (2006) Fast & Furious (2009) Fast Five (2011) Fast & Furious 6 (2013) Furious 7 (2015) The Fate of the Furious (2017) Short film(s) The Turbo Charged Prelude for 2 Fast 2 Furious (2003) Los Bandoleros (2009) Theatrical presentations Play(s) Fast & Furious Live Audio Original music BT ( The Fast and the Furious ) David Arnold ( 2 Fast 2 Furious ) Brian Tyler ( Tokyo Drift–Fast Five, Furious 7 & The Fate of the Furious ) Lucas Vidal ( Fast & Furious 6 ) Miscellaneous Theme park attractions Fast & Furious: Supercharged (2015) Official website http://www.fastandfurious.com/ The Fast and the Furious (also known as Fast & Furious ) is an American franchise based on a series of action films that is largely concerned with illegal street racing , heists and espionage , and includes material in various other media that depicts characters and situations from the films. Distributed by Universal Pictures , the series was established with the 2001 film titled The Fast and the Furious ; this was followed by seven sequels , two short films that tie into the series, and as of May 2017, [1] it has become Universal's biggest franchise of all time, currently the sixth-highest-grossing film series of all time with a combined gross of over $5 billion. [2] The spin-off film is set to be released on July 26, 2019. Contents [ hide ] 1 Films 1.1 The Fast and the Furious (2001) 1.2 2 Fast 2 Furious (2003) 1.3 The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift (2006) 1.4 Fast & Furious (2009) 1.5 Fast Five (2011) 1.6 Fast & Furious 6 (2013) 1.7 Furious 7 (2015) 1.8 The Fate of the Furious (2017) 1.9 Hobbs & Shaw (2019) 1.10 Future 2 Short films 2.1 The Turbo Charged Prelude for 2 Fast 2 Furious (2003) 2.2 Los Bandoleros (2009) 3 Storyline chronology 4 Characters 5 Cast and crew members 5.1 Characters 6 Reception 6.1 Box office performance 6.2 Critical and public response 7 Franchise extension 7.1 Theme park attractions 7.2 Fast & Furious Live 7.2.1 Tour overview 7.2.2 UK tour dates 7.2.3 Worldwide tour dates 7.3 Soundtracks 7.4 Video games 7.5 Toys and model kits 8 International locations 9 See also 10 References 11 External links Films [ edit ] The Fast and the Furious (2001) [ edit ] Main article: The Fast and the Furious (2001 film) The film is based on an article, titled \"Racer X\", about New York street clubs that race Japanese cars late at night, although the film is set primarily in Los Angeles. While elite street racer and ex-convict Dominic Toretto ( Vin Diesel ) and his crew: Jesse ( Chad Lindberg ), Leon ( Johnny Strong ), Vince ( Matt Schulze ) and Letty Ortiz ( Michelle Rodriguez ), are under suspicion of stealing expensive electronic equipment by hijacking moving trucks, Brian O'Conner ( Paul Walker ) is an undercover police officer who attempts to find out who exactly is stealing the equipment. He works for FBI agent Bilkins ( Thom Barry ) and LAPD Sgt. Tanner ( Ted Levine ). Falling for Dominic's younger sister, Mia Toretto ( Jordana Brewster ), Brian confesses to her his status as an undercover police officer and convinces her to come with him to save her brother and his friends from the truck drivers, who have now armed themselves to combat the robberies. He tracks Dominic's location by triangulating his cell phone signal and they arrive at the hijacking in progress to find Letty, badly injured in a car accident, and Vince critically wounded, having lacerated his arm and been shot by a truck driver. Brian and Mia work together with Dominic, Leon and Letty to rescue Vince. Brian then makes the difficult decision to blow his cover to the crew by phoning in for a medivac. The revelation enrages Dominic, who flees with Leon, Letty, and Mia as the medivac arrives for Vince. Brian soon follows Dominic to his house and holds him at gunpoint to prevent him from fleeing further. Jesse arrives shortly afterwards, apologizing for his actions at Race Wars and pleading for Dominic's help with Johnny Tran ( Rick Yune ). Moments later, Tran and his cousin Lance Nguyen ( Reggie Lee ) perform a drive-by shooting, killing Jesse. Brian and Dominic chase them, with Dominic driving his late father's modified 1970 Dodge Charger. Dominic forces Lance's motorcycle off the road, severely injuring him, while Brian shoots and kills Tran. Afterwards, Brian and Dominic engage in an impromptu street race, narrowly avoiding a passing train. However, Dominic collides with a semitruck and rolls his car twice, injuring himself, and rendering the Charger undrivable. Instead of arresting him, Brian hands over the keys to his Supra and lets Dominic escape, using the line \"I owe you a ten-second car.\" 2 Fast 2 Furious (2003) [ edit ] Main article: 2 Fast 2 Furious Watched by undercover Customs Agent Monica Fuentes ( Eva Mendes ), Brian is caught by US Customs agents and given a deal by FBI Agent Bilkins and Customs Agent Markham ( James Remar ) to go undercover and try to bring down drug lord Carter Verone ( Cole Hauser ) in exchange for the erasure of his criminal record. Brian agrees but only if he is given permission to choose his partner, refusing to partner with the agent assigned to watch him. Brian heads home to Barstow, California, where he recruits Roman Pearce ( Tyrese Gibson ), a childhood friend of Brian who had served jail time and is under house arrest, to help him. Pearce agrees, but only for the same deal Brian was offered, and with the help of Monica, Brian and Roman work together to take down Verone. After acquiring confiscated vehicles and being hired by Verone as his drivers, the duo return to a Customs/FBI hideout, where Roman confronts Markham over the latter's interference with the mission. After the situation is cooled down, Brian tells Bilkins and Markham that Verone plans to smuggle the money into his private jet and fly off, but also suspects something wrong with Monica's role in the mission. Later, Brian and Roman race two of Verone's drivers for their cars and begin to devise a personal back up plan if the operation goes awry. Roman confronts Brian about his attraction to Monica and the constant threat of Verone's men. On the day of the mission, Brian and Roman begin transporting duffel bags of Verone's money, with two of Verone's men Enrique ( Mo Gallini ) and Roberto (Roberto Sanchez) riding along to watch Brian and Roman. Before the 15-minute window is set, the detective in charge, Whitworth ( Mark Boone Junior ), decides to call in the police to move in for the arrest, resulting in a high-speed chase across the city. The duo lead the police to a warehouse, where a scramble by dozens of street racers disorient the police. Following the scramble, police manage to pull over the Evo and the Eclipse, only to find out that they were driven by two members of Brian's new crew, friends, Tej Parker ( Ludacris ) and Suki ( Devon Aoki ). As Brian approaches the destination point in a Yenko Camaro , Enrique tells him to make a detour away from the airfield. Meanwhile, Roman gets rid of Roberto by using an improvised ejector seat in his (orange) Dodge Challenger powered by nitrous oxide. At the airfield, Customs Agents have Verone's plane and convoy surrounded, only to discover they are duped into a decoy maneuver while Verone is at a boatyard several miles away. As he knew Monica was an undercover agent, he gave her the wrong information on the destination point and plans to use her as leverage. When Brian arrives at the intended drop-off point, Enrique prepares to kill him when Roman suddenly appears and the both of them dispatch Enrique. Verone makes his escape aboard his private yacht, but Brian and Roman use the Yenko Camaro and drive off a ramp, crashing on top of the yacht. The duo manage to apprehend Verone and save Monica. With their crimes pardoned, Brian and Roman ponder on what to do next other than to settle in Miami when the former mentions starting a garage. Roman asks how they would afford that and Brian reveals that he took some of the money, as Roman also reveals that his pockets aren't empty, having taken money for himself. The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift (2006) [ edit ] Main article: The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift This film's story occurs sometime after Fast & Furious 6 with a scene that was later made concurrent with events in Furious 7 . After totaling his car in an illegal street race, Sean Boswell ( Lucas Black ) is sent to live in Tokyo, Japan, with his father, a U.S. Navy officer, in order to avoid juvenile detention or even jail. While in school, he befriends Twinkie ( Bow Wow ), a \"military brat\" who introduces him to the world of drift racing in Japan. Though forbidden to drive, he decides to race against Takashi ( Brian Tee ) aka D.K. (Drift King). He borrows a Nissan Silvia from Han Lue ( Sung Kang ), now a business partner to Takashi, and loses, totaling the car because of his lack of knowledge of drifting. To repay his debt for the car he destroyed, Sean works for Han. Later on, Han becomes friends with Sean and teaches him how to drift. Takashi's uncle Kamata ( Sonny Chiba ) (the head of the Yakuza ) reprimands Takashi for allowing Han to steal from him. Takashi confronts Han, Sean and Neela ( Nathalie Kelley ), and in doing so, they flee. During the chase, Han is killed in a car accident when his car catches fire. Takashi, Sean, and his father become involved in an armed standoff which is resolved by Neela agreeing to leave with Takashi. Twinkie gives his money to Sean to replace the money Han stole, which Sean then returns to Kamata. Sean proposes a race against Takashi to determine who must leave Tokyo. Sean and Han's friends then build a 1967 Ford Mustang , with an inline-6 engine and other parts salvaged from Han's Silvia that Sean had destroyed. Sean wins the race and is later challenged by Dominic Toretto. Fast & Furious (2009) [ edit ] Main article: Fast & Furious (2009 film) Fast & Furious , as well as its succeeding films, takes place before the events of The Fast and The Furious: Tokyo Drift . About five years after the events of the first film , Dominic and his new crew (Letty, Han, Leo, Santos and Cara) have been hijacking fuel tankers in the Dominican Republic. When their trail gets too hot, Dominic disbands the crew. However, he is later informed that Letty has been murdered. Dominic returns to Los Angeles where he finds traces of nitro-methane at the crash site, and tracks the buyer of the gas to David Park. Meanwhile, Brian O'Conner, who has been working as an FBI agent, is tracking down a drug trafficker named Arturo Braga . When Brian and Dominic cross paths at David Park's apartment, Dominic is about to drop David out the window. But Brian intervenes, and works a scheme where he enters a street race where the winner would join Braga's team of drivers. Although Dominic wins the four-car race by bumping Brian's car, Brian later joins the team by replacing one of Braga's other drivers. The team meets Fenix Calderon ( Laz Alonso ) who directs them to drive the heroin across the border using underground tunnels to avoid detection. Brian realizes that the drivers are to be killed following the mission, and when Fenix reveals to Dominic that he killed Letty, Dominic detonates the nitrous in his car, blowing up a bunch of vehicles. In the chaos, Brian hijacks the Hummer that is carrying the heroin. Dominic and Brian drive back to Los Angeles, hiding the heroin in an impound lot. When Dominic learns Brian was the last person to contact Letty, he attacks him until Brian reveals that Letty was working undercover for Brian, tracking down Braga in exchange for clearing Dominic's name. Brian negotiates with the agency to free Dominic if they can lure Braga into personally coming to exchange the heroin for cash. However, at the drop site, it is revealed that the Braga they arrested was a decoy, and that the real Braga ( John Ortiz ) has escaped, fleeing to Mexico. Suspended from duty, Brian joins Dominic to go to Mexico and in hopes of catching Braga. Although Braga agreeably surrenders, they are pursued by Braga's men through town and then the tunnels. Fenix T-bones Brian's car right outside the tunnel exit, but before he can kill Brian, Dominic drives into and kills Fenix. As the police arrive, Dominic refuses to escape, saying he is tired of running. Despite Brian's request for clemency , the judge sentences Dominic to 25 years to life . During the prison bus ride to Lompoc penitentiary , Brian and Mia, along with Leo and Santos, arrive in their cars and intercept the bus. Fast Five (2011) [ edit ] Main article: Fast Five This section is transcluded from Fast Five . ( edit | history ) When Dominic \"Dom\" Toretto is being transported to Lompoc Prison by bus, his sister Mia Toretto and friend Brian O'Conner lead an assault on the bus, causing it to crash and freeing Dom. While the authorities search for them, the trio escapes to Rio de Janeiro . Awaiting Dom's arrival, Mia and Brian join their friend Vince and other participants on a job to steal three cars from a train. Brian and Mia discover that agents from the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) are also on the train and that the cars are seized property. When Dom arrives with the rest of the participants, he realizes that the lead participant, Zizi, is only interested in stealing one car - a Ford GT40 . Dom has Mia steal the car herself before he and Brian fight Zizi and his henchmen, during which Zizi kills the DEA agents assigned to the vehicles. Dom and Brian are captured and brought to crime lord Hernan Reyes, the owner of the cars and Zizi's boss. Reyes orders the pair be interrogated to discover the location of the car, but they manage to escape and retreat to their safehouse. While Brian, Dom, and Mia examine the car to discover its importance, Vince arrives and is caught trying to remove a computer chip from it. He admits he was planning to sell the chip to Reyes on his own, and Dom forces him to leave. Brian investigates the chip and discovers it contains the complete financial details of Reyes' criminal empire, including the locations of US$100 million in cash. Diplomatic Security Service agent Luke Hobbs and his team arrive in Rio to arrest Dom and Brian. With the help of local officer Elena Neves, they travel to Dom's safehouse, but find it under assault by Reyes' men. Brian, Dom and Mia escape; Dom suggests they split up and leave Rio, but Mia announces she is pregnant with Brian's child. Dom agrees to stick together and suggests they steal the money from Reyes to start a new life. They organize a team to perform the heist: Han, Roman, Tej, Gisele, Leo, and Santos. Vince later joins the team after saving Mia from being captured by Reyes' men. Hobbs and his team eventually find and arrest Dom, Mia, Brian, and Vince. While transporting them to the airport for extradition to the United States, the convoy is attacked by Reyes' men, who kill Hobbs' team. Hobbs and Elena are saved by Dom, Brian, Mia, and Vince as they fight back and escape, but Vince is shot in the process and dies. Wanting to avenge his murdered team, Hobbs and Elena agree to help with the heist. The gang break into the police station and tear the vault holding Reyes' money from the building using their cars, dragging it through the city. After an extensive police chase, Dom makes Brian continue without him while he attacks the police and the pursuing Reyes, using the vault attached to his car to smash their vehicles. Brian returns and kills Zizi while Reyes is badly injured by Dom's assault. Hobbs arrives on the scene and executes Reyes to avenge his team. Though Hobbs refuses to let Dom and Brian go free, he gives them a 24-hour head start to escape on the condition they leave the vault as it is. However, the vault is empty as it had been switched during the chase. After splitting the cash (Vince's share is given to his family), they go their separate ways. On a tropical beach, Brian and a visibly pregnant Mia relax. They are met by Dom and Elena. Brian challenges Dom to a final, no-stakes race to prove who is the better driver. In a mid-credits scene , Hobbs is given a file by Monica Fuentes concerning the hijack of a military convoy in Berlin , where he discovers a recent photo of Dom's former girlfriend Letty, who had been presumed dead. Fast & Furious 6 (2013) [ edit ] Main article: Fast & Furious 6 This section is transcluded from Fast & Furious 6 . ( edit | history ) Following their successful heist in Brazil , Dominic \"Dom\" Toretto and his professional criminal crew have fled around the world: Dom lives with Elena; his sister Mia lives with Brian O'Conner and their son, Jack; Gisele and Han live together; and Roman and Tej live in luxury. Meanwhile, DSS agent Luke Hobbs and Riley Hicks investigate the destruction of a Russian military convoy by a crew led by former British SAS Major and special ops soldier Owen Shaw. Hobbs persuades Dom to help capture Shaw by showing him a photo of the supposedly long-dead Letty Ortiz, Dom's former lover. Dom and his crew accept the mission in exchange for their amnesty, allowing them to return to the United States. In London, Shaw's hideout is found, but this is revealed to be a trap, distracting them and the police while Shaw's crew performs a heist at an Interpol building. Shaw flees by car, detonating his hideout and disabling most of the police, leaving Dom, Brian, Tej, Han, Gisele, Hobbs, and Riley to pursue him. Letty arrives to help Shaw, shooting Dom without hesitation before escaping. Back at their headquarters, Hobbs tells Dom's crew that Shaw is stealing components to create a deadly device, intending to sell it to the highest bidder. Meanwhile, Shaw's investigation into the opposing crew reveals Letty's relationship with Dom, but she is revealed to be suffering from amnesia. Dominic's crew learns that Shaw is connected to a drug lord who was imprisoned by Brian , Arturo Braga. Brian returns to Los Angeles as a prisoner to question Braga, who says Letty survived the explosion that seemingly killed her; Shaw took her in after discovering her amnesia. With FBI help, Brian is released from prison, regrouping with the team in London. Dom challenges Letty in a street racing competition; afterwards, he returns her cross necklace he had kept. After Letty leaves, Shaw offers Dom a chance to walk away, threatening to otherwise hurt his family, but Dom refuses. Tej tracks Shaw's next attack to a Spanish NATO base. Shaw's crew assaults a highway military convoy carrying a computer chip to complete his deadly device. Dom's crew interferes while Shaw, accompanied by Letty, commandeers a tank, destroying cars en route. Brian and Roman manage to flip the tank before it causes further damage, resulting in Letty being thrown from the vehicle and Dom risking his life to save her. Shaw and his crew are captured, but reveal Mia has been kidnapped by Shaw. Hobbs is forced to release Shaw, and Riley, revealed to be Shaw's covert accomplice, leaves with him; Letty chooses to remain with Dom. Shaw's group board a large moving aircraft on a runway as Dom's crew gives chase. Dom, Letty, and Brian board the craft; Brian rescues Mia, escaping in an onboard car. The plane attempts take-off, but is held down by excess weight as the rest of the team tether the plane to their vehicles. Gisele sacrifices herself to save Han from Shaw's henchman; Letty kills Riley and escapes to safety, but Dom pursues Shaw and the computer chip. As the plane crashes into the ground, Shaw is thrown from it, seriously injuring him, and Dom drives a car out of the exploding plane. Dom reunites with his crew, and gives the chip to Hobbs to secure their pardons. Dom and the others return to his old family home in Los Angeles. Hobbs and Elena, now working together, arrive to confirm the crew's freedom; Elena accepts that Dom loves Letty. As Roman says grace over the crew's meal, Dom asks Letty if the gathering feels familiar; she answers \"no, but it feels like home.\" In a mid-credits scene , which takes place in Tokyo , Han is involved in a car chase when he is suddenly broadsided by an oncoming car. The driver walks away from the scene after leaving Letty's cross necklace by the crash, and calls Dom as Han's car fatally explodes, saying, \" You don't know me. You're about to .\" Furious 7 (2015) [ edit ] Main article: Furious 7 This section is transcluded from Furious 7 . ( edit | history ) After defeating Owen Shaw and his crew and securing amnesty for their past crimes, [N 1] Dominic \"Dom\" Toretto , Brian O'Conner and the rest of their team have returned to the United States to live normal lives again. Brian begins to accustom himself to life as a father, while Dom tries to help Letty Ortiz regain her memory. Meanwhile, Owen's older brother, Deckard Shaw, breaks into the secure hospital that the comatose Owen is being held in and swears vengeance against Dom and his team, before breaking into Luke Hobbs' Diplomatic Security Service (DSS) office to extract profiles of Dom's crew. After revealing his identity, Shaw engages Hobbs in a fight, and escapes when he detonates a bomb that severely injures Hobbs. Dom later learns from his sister Mia that she is pregnant again and convinces her to tell Brian. However, a bomb, disguised in a package sent from Tokyo , explodes and destroys the Toretto house just seconds after Han, a member of Dom's team, is killed by Shaw in Tokyo. Dom later visits Hobbs in a hospital, where he learns that Shaw is a rogue special forces assassin seeking to avenge his brother. Dom then travels to Tokyo to claim Han's body, and meets and races Sean Boswell, a friend of Han's who gives him personal items found at Han's crash site. Back at Han's funeral in Los Angeles , Dom notices a car observing them, and after a chase, confronts its driver, who is revealed to be Shaw. Both prepare to fight, but Shaw flees when a covert ops team arrives and opens fire, led by Mr. Nobody . Nobody says that he will assist Dom in stopping Shaw if he helps him obtain God's Eye, a computer program that uses digital devices to track down a person, and save its creator, a hacker named Ramsey, from a mercenary named Mose Jakande. Dom, Brian, Letty, Roman Pearce, and Tej Parker then airdrop their cars over the Caucasus Mountains in Azerbaijan, ambush Jakande's convoy, and rescue Ramsey. The team then heads to Abu Dhabi , where a billionaire has acquired the flash drive containing God's Eye, and manages to steal it from the owner. With God's Eye near telecommunications repeaters , the team tracks down Shaw, who is waiting at a remote factory. Dom, Brian, Nobody and his team attempt to capture Shaw, but are ambushed by Jakande and his men and forced to flee while Jakande obtains God's Eye. At his own request, the injured Nobody is left behind to be evacuated by helicopter while Brian and Dom continue without him. To reduce their disadvantage, the crew returns to Los Angeles to fight Shaw, Jakande and his men. Meanwhile, Brian promises Mia that once they deal with Shaw, he will retire and fully dedicate himself to their family. While Jakande pursues Brian and the rest of the team with a stealth helicopter and an aerial drone , Ramsey attempts to hack into God's Eye. Hobbs, seeing the team in trouble, leaves the hospital and destroys the drone with an ambulance. Brian engages Jakande's henchman Kiet and throws him down an elevator shaft, allowing Ramsey to regain control of God's Eye and shut it down. Dom and Shaw engage in a one-on-one brawl on top of a public parking garage, before Jakande intervenes and attacks them both. Shaw is defeated when part of the parking garage collapses beneath him. Dom then launches his vehicle at Jakande's helicopter, tossing Shaw's bag of grenades onto its skids, before injuring himself when his car lands and crashes. Hobbs then shoots the bag of grenades from ground level, destroying the helicopter and killing Jakande. Dom is pulled from the wreckage of his car, believed to be dead. As Letty cradles Dom's body in her arms, she reveals that she has regained her memories, and that she remembers their wedding. Dom regains consciousness soon after, remarking, \"It's about time\". Shaw is taken into custody by Hobbs and locked away in a secret, high-security prison. At a beach, Brian and Mia play with their son while Dom, Letty, Roman, Tej, and Ramsey observe, acknowledging that Brian is better off retired with his family. Dom silently leaves, Ramsey asks if he's gonna say goodbye. Dom says, \"It's never goodbye.\" He drives away, but Brian catches up with him at a crossroad. As Dom remembers the times that he had with Brian, they bid each other farewell and drive off in separate directions , as the screen fades to \"For Paul\" written on a white title screen. The Fate of the Furious (2017) [ edit ] Main article: The Fate of the Furious This section is transcluded from The Fate of the Furious . ( edit | history ) Dominic \"Dom\" Toretto and Letty Ortiz are on their honeymoon in Havana when Dom's cousin Fernando gets in trouble owing money to local racer Raldo. Sensing Raldo is a loan shark , Dom challenges Raldo to a race, pitting Fernando's reworked car against Raldo's, and wagering his own show car . After narrowly winning the race, Dom allows Raldo to keep his car, earning his respect, and instead leaves his cousin with his show car. The next day, Dom is approached by the elusive cyberterrorist Cipher who coerces him into working for her. Shortly afterwards, Dom and his team, comprising Letty, Roman Pearce, Tej Parker, and Ramsey, are recruited by Diplomatic Security Service (DSS) agent Luke Hobbs to help him retrieve an EMP device from a military outpost in Berlin . During the getaway, Dom goes rogue, forcing Hobbs off the road and stealing the device for Cipher. Hobbs is arrested and locked up in the same high-security prison he helped imprison Deckard Shaw in. After escaping, Deckard and Hobbs are recruited by intelligence operative Mr. Nobody and his protégé to help the team find Dom and capture Cipher. Deckard reveals that Cipher had hired his brother Owen Shaw to steal the Nightshade device and Mose Jakande to steal God's Eye, Ramsey's software program. The team tracks Dom and Cipher to their very location just as the latter two attack the base and steal God's Eye. When Dom questions Cipher's motives, she reveals that she has been holding hostage Dom's ex-lover and DSS agent Elena Neves—as well as their son, of whose existence Dom was previously unaware. Elena tells Dom that she wanted him to decide the child's first name, having already given him the middle name Marcos. In New York City , Cipher sends Dom to retrieve a nuclear football held by the Russian Minister of Defence . Prior to the theft, Dom briefly evades Cipher and persuades Deckard and Owen's mother, Magdalene Shaw, to help him. Cipher hacks into the electronics systems of a large number of cars, causing them to drive automatically and taking out the convoy so that Dom can take the football. The team intercepts Dom, but Dom escapes, shooting and apparently killing Deckard in the process. Letty catches up to Dom, but is ambushed and nearly killed by Cipher's enforcer, Connor Rhodes, before Dom rescues her. In retaliation, Cipher has Rhodes execute Elena in front of Dom. Dom infiltrates a base in Russia to use the EMP device to disable their security and then to disable a nuclear submarine , enabling Cipher to hijack it and attempt to use its arsenal to trigger a nuclear war. They are once again intercepted by the team, who attempt to shut down the sub, and then drive out toward the gates that would prevent the sub from leaving into open waters. Meanwhile, Deckard, whose death was apparently faked, teams up with Owen, and under Magdalene's behest, infiltrates Cipher's plane to rescue Dom's son. Once Deckard reports that the child is safe, Dom turns on Cipher and kills Rhodes, avenging Elena's death, before rejoining his team. Outraged, Cipher fires an infrared homing missile at Dom, but he breaks away from his team and maneuvers around it, causing the missile to hit the submarine instead. The team quickly forms a vehicular blockade around Dom, shielding him from the ensuing explosion. When Deckard reaches the front of the plane and confronts a defeated Cipher, she makes her escape by parachuting out of the plane. Mr. Nobody and his protégé visit Dom and his team in New York City to report that Cipher is still at large in Athens . Hobbs is offered his DSS job back, but he declines in order to spend more time with his daughter. Deckard delivers Dom his son, putting his differences aside with Dom and Hobbs. Dom names his son Brian, after his friend and brother-in-law Brian O'Conner , and they celebrate. Hobbs & Shaw (2019) [ edit ] Vin Diesel announced in an interview with Variety that potential spin-offs for the series were in the early stages of development. [3] [4] A spin-off film centered around two characters Luke Hobbs and Deckard Shaw has been announced by Universal and has a release date of July 26, 2019, [5] with Variety reporting that Shane Black is being considered to direct and Morgan returning to write the script. [6] The announcement of the spin-off provoked a response on Instagram by Tyrese Gibson , criticizing Johnson for causing the ninth Fast & Furious film to be delayed for another year. [5] On October 23, 2017, Dwayne Johnson posted a video on Instagram which showed the finished script for the spin-off, titled Hobbs and Shaw . In February 2018, David Leitch entered talks to direct the film. [7] In March 2018, it was reported that the film will start production in September 2018. [8] On April 12, 2018, it was announced that Leitch would direct the film. Future [ edit ] In February 2016, Diesel announced the ninth film and tenth film would be released on April 10, 2020, [9] [10] and April 2, 2021, respectively, and that the tenth film would serve as the final film in the series. [11] [12] Justin Lin is reportedly in line to direct the ninth installment. [13] It was also announced that Jordana Brewster would return for the ninth installment. In September of the same year, both Caleb and Cody Walker revealed to Entertainment Tonight that their brother's character may possibly return for another cameo in the franchise. [14] On April 23, 2018, Universal and DreamWorks Animation are creating an animated series based on the franchise and will be launched on Netflix . [15] Short films [ edit ] The Turbo Charged Prelude for 2 Fast 2 Furious (2003) [ edit ] Main article: The Turbo Charged Prelude for 2 Fast 2 Furious The short film was included on a new print of the DVD of the first film in June 2003 to bridge the first two films. Brian O'Conner packs his bags and leaves Los Angeles, before the LAPD gets a chance to arrest him for letting Dominic escape. While the FBI launch a national manhunt for him, Brian travels across Arizona , New Mexico , and Texas , winning every street race he participates in, with his red Dodge Stealth . However, he is forced to ditch his car at a motel in San Antonio when police officers are notified of his presence. When they collect the car, he manages to hitch a ride from an unknown woman ( Minka Kelly ), despite her knowing who he really is. She drops him at a used car lot, with him realizing she knows that he is a wanted man. There, he buys a green Nissan Skyline GT-R R34 . Later, collecting money from street races, he modifies the car with new rims and repaints it silver before traveling eastbound and winning more races on the way. Upon reaching Jacksonville, Florida , Brian heads south toward Miami , where he sees Slap Jack's Toyota Supra and Orange Julius' Mazda RX-7 (both 2 Fast 2 Furious characters) before the screen reads \"2 be continued...\" . Los Bandoleros (2009) [ edit ] Main article: Los Bandoleros (film) Tego Leo ( Tego Calderón ) is in a Dominican Republic prison, ranting about corporations holding back the electric car and starting wars for oil. Meanwhile, on the streets, Rico Santos ( Don Omar ) chats to an old man unable to find enough gas. Han Lue ( Sung Kang ) arrives and is collected from the airport by Cara ( Mirtha Michelle ) and Malo (F. Valentino Morales). They drive him back to Santos' house, where his aunt Rubia (Adria Carrasco) is struggling with rising prices linked to the cost of gasoline and Dominic is working on his car. The team then enjoy a welcome meal with the family. After breaking Leo out of prison, they head to a club, where Han and Cara flirt, while Dominic meets up with local politician Elvis ( Juan Fernandez ), who informs them of a window of opportunity to hijack a gasoline shipment. While relaxing at the club afterwards, Dominic is surprised by the arrival of Letty, who has tracked him from Mexico. The two drive together to the beach, where they \"rekindle their relationship\". Storyline chronology [ edit ] Below is a table of all films, both short and feature length, in chronological order. Real world release dates are also noted. [16] Timeline order Title Release date 1 The Fast and the Furious 2001-06-22 ! June 22, 2001 — The Turbo Charged Prelude for 2 Fast 2 Furious 2003-06-03 ! June 3, 2003 2 2 Fast 2 Furious 2003-06-06 ! June 6, 2003 — Los Bandoleros 2009-07-28 ! July 28, 2009 3 Fast & Furious 2009-04-03 ! April 3, 2009 4 Fast Five 2011-04-29 ! April 29, 2011 5 Fast & Furious 6 2013-05-24 ! May 24, 2013 6 The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift 2006-06-16 ! June 16, 2006 7 Furious 7 2015-04-03 ! April 3, 2015 8 The Fate of the Furious 2017-04-12 ! April 14, 2017 Characters [ edit ] Observação * The dark grey-colored fields indicate that the character did not appear in the film Character Filme The Fast and the Furious (2001) Turbo-Charged Prelude (2003) 2 Fast 2 Furious (2003) The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift (2006) Los Bandoleros (2009) Fast & Furious (2009) Fast Five (2011) Fast Six (2013) Furious 7 (2015) The Fate of the Furious (2017) Dominic Toretto Vin Diesel Vin Diesel Brian O'Conner Paul Walker Paul Walker Letty Ortiz Michelle Rodriguez Michelle Rodriguez Michelle Rodriguez Mia Toretto Jordana Brewster Jordana Brewster Roman Pearce Tyrese Gibson Tyrese Gibson Sean Boswell Lucas Black Lucas Black Tej Parker Ludacris Ludacris Han Seoul-Oh Sung Kang Tego Leo Tego Calderó Tego Calderón Rico Santos Don Omar Don Omar Gisele Yashar Gal Gadot Luke Hobbs Dwayne Johnson Twinkie Bow Wow (rapper) Bow Wow (rapper) Elena Neves Elsa Pataky Owen Shaw Luke Evans Deckard Shaw Jason Statham Neela Nathalie Kelley Nathalie Kelley Cast and crew members [ edit ] Crew/Detail The Fast and the Furious (2001) 2 Fast 2 Furious (2003) The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift (2006) Fast & Furious (2009) Fast Five (2011) Fast & Furious 6 (2013) Furious 7 (2015) The Fate of the Furious (2017) Director Rob Cohen John Singleton Justin Lin James Wan F. Gary Gray Producer(s) Neal H. Moritz Neal H. Moritz, Vin Diesel , Michael Fottrell Neal H. Moritz, Vin Diesel, Clayton Townsend Neal H. Moritz, Vin Diesel, Michael Fottrell Neal H. Moritz, Vin Diesel, Michael Fottrell, Chris Morgan Writer(s) Screenplay by: Gary Scott Thompson Erik Bergquist David Ayer Based on: \"Racer X\" by Ken Li Screenplay by: Michael Brandt Derek Haas Story by: Michael Brandt Derek Haas Gary Scott Thompson Written by: Chris Morgan Based on characters by: Gary Scott Thompson Cinematographer(s) Ericson Core Matthew F. Leonetti Stephen F. Windon Amir Mokri Stephen F. Windon Stephen F. Windon Marc Spicer Stephen F. Windon Composer BT David Arnold Brian Tyler Lucas Vidal Brian Tyler Editor(s) Peter Honess Bruce Cannon Dallas Puett Kelly Matsumoto Dallas Puett Fred Raskin Christian Wagner Fred Raskin Kelly Matsumoto Fred Raskin Christian Wagner Christian Wagner Kelly Matsumoto Dylan Highsmith Greg D'auria Leigh Folsom Boyd Christian Wagner Leigh Folsom Boyd Dylan Highsmith Kirk M. Morri Christian Wagner Paul Rubell Costume Designer(s) Sanja Milkovic Hays Production Designer Waldemar Kalinowski Keith Brian Burns Ida Random Peter Wenham Jan Roelfs Bill Brzeski Running time 106 minutes 107 minutes 104 minutes 107 minutes 131 minutes (extended - 132 minutes) 130 minutes (extended - 131 minutes) 137 minutes (extended - 140 minutes) 136 minutes (extended, only on digital - 148 minutes) MPAA rating PG-13 PG-13 (Theatrical version) Unrated (Extended version) PG-13 (Theatrical version) Unrated (Extended Director’s Cut, only on Digital) Characters [ edit ] Main article: List of The Fast and the Furious characters Reception [ edit ] For more details on the reception of each film, see the \"Reception\" section on each film's article. Box office performance [ edit ] Film Release date Budget Box office gross Box office ranking Ref(s) North America Other territories Worldwide All time North America All time Other territories All time worldwide The Fast and the Furious June 22, 2001 $38,000,000 $144,533,925 $62,750,000 $207,283,925 #299 #573 [17] 2 Fast 2 Furious June 6, 2003 $76,000,000 $127,154,901 $109,195,760 $236,350,661 #388 #476 [18] The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift June 16, 2006 $85,000,000 $62,514,415 $95,953,877 $158,468,292 #1,121 [19] [20] Fast & Furious April 3, 2009 $85,000,000 $155,064,265 $208,100,000 $363,164,265 #281 #257 #244 [21] Fast Five April 29, 2011 $125,000,000 $209,837,675 $416,300,000 $626,137,675 #137 #85 #89 [22] Fast & Furious 6 May 24, 2013 $160,000,000 $238,679,850 $550,000,000 $788,679,850 #101 #38 #49 [23] Furious 7 April 3, 2015 $190,000,000 $353,007,020 $1,163,038,891 $1,516,045,911 #37 #3 #6 [24] The Fate of the Furious April 14, 2017 $250,000,000 $226,008,385 $1,009,996,733 $1,236,005,118 #140 #6 [25] #11 [26] Total $1,009,000,000 $1,516,800,436 $3,615,335,261 $5,132,135,697 10 [27] [28] - [29] 6 [30] [1] List indicator(s) A dark grey cell indicates the information is not available for the film. Critical and public response [ edit ] Film Rotten Tomatoes Metacritic CinemaScore The Fast and the Furious 53% (147 reviews) [31] 58 (34 reviews) [32] 7001750000000000000♠ B+ [33] 2 Fast 2 Furious 36% (160 reviews) [34] 38 (36 reviews) [35] 7001833300000000000♠ A- [33] The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift 37% (114 reviews) [36] 45 (32 reviews) [37] 7001833300000000000♠ A- [33] Fast & Furious 29% (175 reviews) [38] 46 (28 reviews) [39] 7001833300000000000♠ A- [33] Fast Five 77% (196 reviews) [40] 66 (41 reviews) [41] 7001916700000000000♠ A [33] Fast & Furious 6 69% (198 reviews) [42] 61 (39 reviews) [43] 7001916700000000000♠ A [33] Furious 7 80% (240 reviews) [44] 67 (50 reviews) [45] 7001916700000000000♠ A [33] The Fate of the Furious 66% (253 reviews) [46] 56 (45 reviews) [47] 7001916700000000000♠ A [33] Franchise extension [ edit ] Theme park attractions [ edit ] Universal has incorporated several theme park attractions involving the Fast & Furious franchise. Universal Studios Hollywood and its Studio Tour has featured several of the picture car vehicles. From 2006 to 2013, The Fast & The Furious: Extreme Close-Up attraction was part of the Studio Tour. [48] [49] [50] On June 25, 2015, Universal Studios Hollywood allotted the final portion of their Studio Tour for the dark ride Fast and Furious: Supercharged . [51] Universal Orlando announced the development of a ride of the same name to open in 2018. [52] Fast & Furious Live [ edit ] Fast & Furious Live is a live show that combines stunt drivers , pyrotechnics and projection mapping . [53] The show had two preview shows on January 11–12 at Liverpool's Echo Arena . It officially began its tour at London's The O2 Arena on January 19, 2018, followed by a worldwide tour until later in 2018. On March 1, 2018, it was revealed on the tour's website that five new dates had been released for September. The following list is sourced from the tour's website. Tour overview [ edit ] Tour Cities Shows Start date End date UK London; Newcastle; Manchester; Birmingham; Sheffield; Belfast; Glasgow 20 19 January 2018 ( 2018-01-19 ) 13 May 2018 ( 2018-05-13 ) Worldwide Antwerp; Vienna; Munich; Cologne; Lisbon; Zürich; Stockholm; Oslo; Helsinki; Copenhagen; Berlin; Paris; Turin; Amsterdam; Prague 36 26 January 2018 ( 2018-01-26 ) 22 September 2018 ( 2018-09-22 ) UK tour dates [ edit ] Venue(s) City(s) Show(s) Date(s) The O2 Arena London 2 19/20 January 2018 Metro Radio Arena Newcastle 3 6-8 April 2018 Manchester Arena Manchester 3 13-15 April 2018 Arena Birmingham Birmingham 3 20-22 April 2018 The SSE Arena Belfast 3 27-29 April 2018 FlyDSA Arena Sheffield 3 4-6 May 2018 The SSE Hydro Glasgow 3 11-13 May 2018 Worldwide tour dates [ edit ] Venue(s) City(s) Country(s) Show(s) Date(s) Sportpaleis Antwerp Belgium 3 26-28 January 2018 Stadthalle Vienna Austria 3 9-11 February 2018 Olympiahalle Munich Germany 3 16-18 February 2018 Lanxess Arena Cologne 3 2-4 March 2018 Altice Arena Lisbon Portugal 1 17 March 2018 Hallenstadion Zürich Switzerland 3 18-20 May 2018 Ericsson Globe Stockholm Sweden 3 25-27 May 2018 Telenor Arena Oslo Norway 3 1-3 June 2018 Hartwall Arena Helsinki Finland 3 8-10 June 2018 Royal Arena Copenhagen Denmark 3 15-17 June 2018 Mercedes-Benz Arena Berlin Germany 3 22-24 June 2018 AccorHotels Arena Paris France 3 29 June–1 July 2018 Pala Alpitour Turin Italy 2 7/8 September 2018 Ziggo Dome Amsterdam The Netherlands 1 15 September 2018 O2 Arena Prague Czech Republic 2 21/22 September 2018 Soundtracks [ edit ] Fast & Furious soundtrack albums Title Release date The Fast and the Furious: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack 2001 First soundtrack to the 2001 film More Fast and Furious 2001 Second soundtrack album to the 2001 film 2 Fast 2 Furious: Soundtrack 2003 Soundtrack to the 2003 film The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) 2006 First soundtrack to the 2006 film The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift (Original Motion Picture Score) 2006 Second soundtrack to the 2006 film Fast & Furious: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack 2009 First soundtrack to the 2009 film Fast & Furious (Original Motion Picture Score) 2009 Second soundtrack to the 2009 film Fast Five (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) 2011 First soundtrack to the 2011 film Fast Five: Original Motion Picture Score 2011 Second soundtrack to the 2011 film Fast & Furious 6 (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) 2013 Soundtrack to the 2013 film Furious 7: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack 2015 First soundtrack to the 2015 film Furious 7: Original Motion Picture Score 2015 Second soundtrack to the 2015 film The Fate of the Furious: The Album 2017 First soundtrack to the 2017 film The Fate of the Furious: Original Motion Picture Score 2017 Second soundtrack to the 2017 film Video games [ edit ] The film series has spawned several racing video games for various systems. The arcade game The Fast and the Furious (known as Wild Speed in Japan) was released by Raw Thrills in 2004. [54] In 2006, the video game The Fast and the Furious was released for the PlayStation 2 and PlayStation Portable . Several games ( The Fast and the Furious: Pink Slip , Fast & Furious , Fast Five , Fast & Furious: Adrenaline , Fast & Furious 6: The Game and Fast & Furious Legacy ) have all been released for iOS and are available on the iTunes App Store ; for Android devices there is an official version of Fast & Furious 6: The Game and Fast & Furious Legacy . In 2013, Fast & Furious: Showdown was released for the PC ( Windows OS ), Xbox 360 , PlayStation 3 , Wii U and Nintendo 3DS . Various cars, locations and characters from the series have also appeared in the Facebook game Car Town . In 2015, in a deal with Microsoft Studios , a standalone expansion of Forza Horizon 2 for Xbox One and Xbox 360 was released titled Forza Horizon 2 Presents Fast & Furious . Toys and model kits [ edit ] Racing Champions released diecast metal replicas of the film's cars in different scales from 1/18 to 1/64. [55] RadioShack sold ZipZaps micro RC versions of the cars in 2002. [56] 1/24 scale plastic model kits of the hero cars were manufactured by AMT Ertl . Johnny Lightning, under the JL Full Throttle Brand, released 1/64th and 1/24th models of the cars from Tokyo Drift. These models were designed by Diecast Hall of Fame designer Eric Tscherne. Greenlight has also sold cars from the new films in the series and some from the previous films. [57] Hot Wheels has released 1/64 models since 2013. [58] International locations [ edit ] The Fast and the Furious franchise was filmed in a number of countries including: Brazil, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Germany, Iceland, Japan, Mexico, Panama, Puerto Rico, Spain, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, and the United States. [59] See also [ edit ] List of highest-grossing film franchises References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b \"The Fast and the Furious Movies at the Box Office\" . Box Office Mojo . June 15, 2015 . Retrieved March 27, 2018 . Jump up ^ David Gonzales (6 April 2015). \" ' Furious 7' Marks Universal's Biggest Franchise Ever\" . Forbes . Retrieved 8 March 2017 . Jump up ^ Lang, Brent (November 16, 2015). \" ' Fast & Furious' Spinoffs In the Works (EXCLUSIVE)\" . Variety . Jump up ^ \"Fast and Furious 10 Cast and Crew\" . Fast and Furious . January 22, 2017. Archived from the original on May 4, 2017 . Retrieved January 28, 2017 . ^ Jump up to: a b \"Fast & Furious: The Rock And Jason Statham Spin-Off Coming In 2019\" . October 6, 2017. Jump up ^ Kroll, Justin (October 5, 2017). \"Dwayne Johnson and Jason Statham's 'Fast and Furious' Spinoff Gets 2019 Release Date\" . Jump up ^ \" ' Deadpool 2' Director in Early Talks for Dwayne Johnson's 'Fast and Furious' Spinoff\" . Jump up ^ \"The Rock's Fast and Furious Spin-Off Begins Shooting This Fall\" . Jump up ^ Mendelson, Scott. \"Box Office: 'Fast And Furious 9' Delay Offers Answer To Universal's 'Wicked' Problem\" . Jump up ^ McNary, Dave (October 4, 2017). \" ' Fast and Furious 9' Moved Back a Year to 2020\" . Jump up ^ Rahman, Abid (February 3, 2016). \"Universal Sets Dates for 'Fast & Furious' Parts 9 and 10\" . The Hollywood Reporter . Jump up ^ \"Fast & Furious 10 will be the final movie of the series\" . April 21, 2017. Jump up ^ Kit, Borys. \"Fast and Furious Spinoff Gets July 2019 Release Date\" . The Hollywood Reporter . Retrieved October 9, 2017 . Jump up ^ Michael, Alex (April 14, 2017). \"EXCLUSIVE: Paul Walker's brother Cody claims Fast & Furious: Ride or Die 'WILL be filmed and set in Australia ' \" . Daily Mail . Jump up ^ \" ' Fast and Furious' Animated Series From DreamWorks Animation Set at Netflix\" . Variety . April 23, 2018 . Retrieved April 23, 2018 . Jump up ^ aegies. \"The Fast & Furious Timeline\" . Polygon . Retrieved May 29, 2015 . Jump up ^ \"The Fast and the Furious (2001)\" . Box Office Mojo . Retrieved September 28, 2013 . Jump up ^ \"2 Fast 2 Furious (2003)\" . Box Office Mojo . Internet Movie Database . Retrieved September 28, 2013 . Jump up ^ \"The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Challenge (2006)\" . Box Office Mojo . Retrieved September 28, 2013 . Jump up ^ \"The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Challenge\" . The Numbers . Retrieved September 28, 2013 . Jump up ^ \"Fast and Furious (2009)\" . Box Office Mojo . Internet Movie Database . Retrieved September 28, 2013 . Jump up ^ \"Fast Five (2011)\" . Box Office Mojo . Internet Movie Database . Retrieved September 28, 2013 . Jump up ^ \"Fast & Furious 6\" . Box Office Mojo . Internet Movie Database . Retrieved October 22, 2013 . Jump up ^ \"Furious 7 (2015)\" . Box Office Mojo . Internet Movie Database . Retrieved June 11, 2015 . Jump up ^ \"BoxOfficeMojo Movie Franchises – WORLDWIDE GROSSES - Overseas\" . Retrieved June 26, 2017 . Jump up ^ \"The Fate of the Furious (2017)\" . Box Office Mojo . Retrieved June 26, 2017 . Jump up ^ \"BoxOfficeMojo Movie Franchises – Franchise Index\" . Retrieved April 12, 2015 . Jump up ^ \"All Time Domestic Gross\" . Archived from the original on June 13, 2015 . Retrieved June 11, 2015 . Jump up ^ \"BoxOfficeMojo – Alltime Box Office – Worldwide Grosses & #1-100\" . Retrieved May 7, 2015 . Jump up ^ \"TheNumbers Movie Franchises\" . The Numbers . Nash Information Services . Retrieved May 7, 2015 . Jump up ^ \"The Fast and the Furious\" . Rotten Tomatoes . Retrieved August 4, 2013 . Jump up ^ \"The Fast and the Furious (2001)\" . Metacritic . Retrieved August 15, 2012 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h \"CinemaScore\" . cinemascore.com . Retrieved March 8, 2015 . Jump up ^ \"2 Fast 2 Furious\" . Rotten Tomatoes . Retrieved August 4, 2013 . Jump up ^ \"2 Fast 2 Furious (2003)\" . Metacritic . Retrieved August 15, 2012 . Jump up ^ \"The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift\" . Rotten Tomatoes . Retrieved September 28, 2013 . Jump up ^ \"The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift (2006)\" . Metacritic . Retrieved August 15, 2012 . Jump up ^ \"Fast & Furious\" . Rotten Tomatoes . Retrieved September 5, 2012 . Jump up ^ \"Fast & Furious (2009)\" . Metacritic . Retrieved August 15, 2012 . Jump up ^ \"Fast Five\" . Rotten Tomatoes . Retrieved September 28, 2013 . Jump up ^ \"Fast Five (2011)\" . Metacritic . Retrieved August 15, 2012 . Jump up ^ \"Fast & Furious 6\" . Rotten Tomatoes . Flixster . Retrieved September 28, 2013 . Jump up ^ \"Fast & Furious 6 (2013)\" . Metacritic . Retrieved August 4, 2013 . Jump up ^ \"Furious 7\" . Rotten Tomatoes . Retrieved May 28, 2015 . Jump up ^ \"Furious 7 (2015)\" . Metacritic . Retrieved April 8, 2015 . Jump up ^ \"The Fate of the Furious\" . Rotten Tomatoes . Retrieved April 20, 2017 . Jump up ^ \"The Fate of the Furious (2017)\" . Metacritic . Retrieved April 20, 2017 . Jump up ^ \"theStudioTour.com - Universal Studios Hollywood - The Fast and the Furious\" . thestudiotour.com . Retrieved December 15, 2015 . Jump up ^ \"Fast & Furious attraction takes shape at Universal Studios Hollywood\" . Los Angeles Times . May 5, 2015 . Retrieved December 15, 2015 . Jump up ^ IGN Cars (July 11, 2006). \"Fast and Furious: Extreme Close Up\" . IGN . Retrieved December 15, 2015 . Jump up ^ Marc Graser. \" ' Fast & Furious-Supercharged' Opening at Universal Studios June 25 - Variety\" . Variety . Retrieved December 15, 2015 . Jump up ^ \"Universal Orlando Close Up - New Fast & Furious Ride Coming - Universal Orlando Blog\" . Close Up . Jump up ^ Spectacular Fast and Furious car stunt live show is a £25m gamble - Mark Brown, The Guardian, 22 September 2017 Jump up ^ \"Archived copy\" . Archived from the original on April 23, 2005 . Retrieved October 24, 2013 . CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown ( link ) Jump up ^ \"Archived copy\" . Archived from the original on October 11, 2004 . Retrieved May 21, 2011 . Jump up ^ \"Mods – RadioShack ZipZaps – These Zaps Zip From Radio Shack\" . Micro RC Cars. November 25, 2002 . Retrieved December 1, 2013 . Jump up ^ \"Archived copy\" . Archived from the original on November 2, 2004 . Retrieved May 21, 2011 . Jump up ^ HW City / Speed Power Series (2013 New Model): Toyota Supra - Orange Track Diecast, 8 January 2016 Jump up ^ The Fate of the Furious (2017) , retrieved 2017-09-05 External links [ edit ] Official website The Fast and the Furious on IMDb [ hide ] v t e The Fast and the Furious Films The Fast and the Furious album 2nd album 2 Fast 2 Furious album The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift Fast & Furious album score Fast Five album score Fast & Furious 6 album Furious 7 album score The Fate of the Furious album score Characters Dominic Toretto Brian O'Conner Letty Ortiz Han Lue Gisele Yashar TV series Fast & Furious Short films The Turbo Charged Prelude for 2 Fast 2 Furious Los Bandoleros Video games The Fast and the Furious Fast & Furious: Showdown Attractions Fast & Furious: Supercharged Related \" Act a Fool \" \" Conteo \" \" See You Again \" video \" Gang Up \" Category Cite error: There are <ref group=N> tags on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=N}} template (see the help page ). 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"title": "The Fast and the Furious",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=The_Fast_and_the_Furious&oldid=838040431"
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IDK | describe charlemagne in the epic the song of roland | -366213285678987857 | {
"text": "The Song of Roland - Wikipedia The Song of Roland From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search For the 1978 film starring Klaus Kinski, see The Song of Roland (film) . This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2014) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) The eight phases of The Song of Roland in one picture. The Song of Roland ( French : La Chanson de Roland ) is an epic poem ( Chanson de geste ) based on the Battle of Roncevaux Pass in 778, during the reign of Charlemagne . It is the oldest surviving major work of French literature and exists in various manuscript versions, which testify to its enormous and enduring popularity in the 12th to 14th centuries. The date of composition is put in the period between 1040 and 1115: an early version beginning around 1040 with additions and alterations made up until about 1115. The final text has about 4,000 lines of poetry. The epic poem is the first [1] and, along with The Poem of the Cid , one of the most outstanding examples of the chanson de geste , a literary form that flourished between the 11th and 15th centuries and celebrated legendary deeds. Contents 1 Manuscripts and dating 1.1 AOI 2 Critical opinions 2.1 Oral performance of the Song compared to manuscript versions 3 Plot 4 Form 5 Characters 5.1 Principal characters 5.2 Secondary characters 6 Durandal 7 Historical adaptations 8 Modern adaptations 9 See also 10 Notes 11 Further reading 12 External links Manuscripts and dating [ edit ] Bodleian Library, MS Digby 23, Part 2 Set in the Carolingian era, it was written much later. There is a single extant manuscript of the Song of Roland in Old French , held at the Bodleian Library at Oxford . [2] This copy dates between 1129 and 1165 and was written in Anglo-Norman . [3] There are also eight further manuscripts, and three fragments, of other poems on the subject of Roland. [4] Some scholars estimate that the poem was written, possibly by a poet named Turold ( Turoldus in the manuscript itself), between approximately 1040 and 1115, and most of the alterations were performed by about 1098. Some favor an earlier dating, because it allows one to say that the poem was inspired by the Castilian campaigns of the 1030s, and that the poem went on to be a major influence in the First Crusade . Those who prefer a later dating do so based upon what they interpret as brief references made in the poem to events of the First Crusade. In the poem, the term d'oltre mer or l'oltremarin comes up three times in reference to named Muslims who came from oltre mer to fight in Spain and France. Oltre mer , modern French Outremer , literally \"oversea, beyond sea, other side of the sea\", is a native French term from the classical Latin roots ultra = \"beyond\" and mare = \"sea\". The name was commonly used by the Crusaders to refer to Palestine . [ citation needed ] The occurrence of this term in the poem cannot be interpreted as showing influence from the Crusades in the poem; on the contrary, the way it is used in the poem, in which it is simply a Muslim land, indicates that the author of the poem was unacquainted with the Crusades, and that the term was in French before the Crusades began meaning the far side of the Mediterranean Sea. The bulk of the poem is adjudged to date from before the Crusades (which started in 1098), but there are a few items where questions remain about these items being late additions shortly after the Crusades started. After two manuscripts were found in 1832 and 1835, the Song of Roland became recognized as France's national epic when an edition was published in 1837. [5] AOI [ edit ] Detail of manuscript showing \"AOI\" Certain lines of the Oxford manuscript end with the letters \"AOI\". The meaning of this word or annotation is unclear. Scholars have hypothesized that the marking may have played a role in public performances of the text, such as indicating a place where a jongleur would change the tempo. [6] Critical opinions [ edit ] Oral performance of the Song compared to manuscript versions [ edit ] Scholarly consensus has long accepted that the Song of Roland differed in its presentation depending on oral or textual transmission; namely, although a number of different versions of the song containing varying material and episodes would have been performed orally, the transmission to manuscript resulted in greater cohesiveness across versions. Early editors of the Song of Roland, informed in part by patriotic desires to produce a distinctly French epic, could thus overstate the textual cohesiveness of the Roland tradition. This point is expressed by Andrew Taylor, who notes, [7] \"[T]he Roland song was, if not invented, at the very least constructed. By supplying it with an appropriate epic title, isolating it from its original codicological context, and providing a general history of minstrel performance in which its pure origin could be located, the early editors presented a 4,002 line poem as sung French epic\". Plot [ edit ] The death of Roland at the Battle of Roncevaux , from an illuminated manuscript c.1455–1460. Charlemagne 's army is fighting the Muslims in Spain . They have been there for seven years, and the last city standing is Saragossa , held by the Muslim King Marsile . Threatened by the might of Charlemagne's army of Franks , Marsile seeks advice from his wise man, Blancandrin , who councils him to conciliate the Emperor, offering to surrender and giving hostages. Accordingly, Marsile sends out messengers to Charlemagne, promising treasure and Marsile's conversion to Christianity if the Franks will go back to France. Charlemagne and his men, tired of fighting, accept his peace offer and select a messenger to Marsile's court. The protagonist Roland , Charlemagne's nephew, nominates his stepfather Ganelon as messenger. Ganelon, who fears to be murdered by the enemy and accuses Roland of intending this, takes revenge by informing the Saracens of a way to ambush the rear guard of Charlemagne's army, led by Roland, as the Franks re-enter France through the mountain passes. As Ganelon predicted, Roland leads the rear guard, with the wise and moderate Oliver and the fierce Archbishop Turpin. The Muslims ambush them at Roncesvalles and the Christians are overwhelmed. Oliver pleads with Roland to blow his horn to call for help, but Roland tells him that blowing his horn in the middle of the battle would be an act of cowardice. If Roland continues to refuse, Oliver will not let Roland see his sister again whom Roland loves the most. However, Archbishop Turpin intervenes and tells them that the battle will be fatal for all of them and so instructs Roland to blow his horn oliphant (the word is an old alternative to \"elephant\", and was used to refer to a hunting horn made from an elephant tusk) to call for help from the Frankish army. The emperor hears the call on their way to France. Charlemagne and his noblemen gallop back even though Count Ganelon tries to trick them. The Franks fight well, but are outnumbered, until almost all Roland's men are dead and he knows that Charlemagne's army can no longer save them. Despite this, he blows his olifant to summon revenge, until his temples burst and he dies a martyr's death. Angels take his soul to Paradise. When Charlemagne and his men reach the battlefield, they find the dead bodies of Roland's men, who have been utterly annihilated. They pursue the Muslims into the river Ebro , where the Muslims drown. Meanwhile, Baligant , the powerful emir of Babylon, has arrived in Spain to help Marsile. His army encounters that of Charlemagne at Roncesvalles, where the Christians are burying and mourning their dead. Both sides fight valiantly. When Charlemagne kills Baligant, the Muslim army scatters and flees, leaving the Franks to conquer Saragossa. With Marsile's wife Bramimonde , Queen of Saragossa, Charlemagne and his men ride back to Aix , their capital in France. The Franks discover Ganelon's betrayal and keep him in chains until his trial, where Ganelon argues that his action was legitimate revenge, not treason. While the council of barons assembled to decide the traitor's fate is initially swayed by this claim, partially out of fear of Ganelon's friend Pinabel who threatens to fight anyone who judges Ganelon guilty, one man, Thierry, argues that because Roland was serving Charlemagne when Ganelon delivered his revenge on him, Ganelon's action constitutes a betrayal. Pinabel challenges Thierry to trial by combat . By divine intervention, Thierry kills Pinabel. By this the Franks are convinced of Ganelon's treason. Thus, he is torn apart by having four galloping horses tied one to each arm and leg and thirty of his relatives are hanged. Bramimonde converts to Christianity, her name changing to Juliana. While sleeping, Charlemagne is told by Gabriel to ride to help King Vivien and bemoans his life. Form [ edit ] Charlemagne finds Roland dead (14th-century miniature). The poem is written in stanzas of irregular length known as laisses . The lines are decasyllabic (containing ten syllables), and each is divided by a strong caesura which generally falls after the fourth syllable . The last stressed syllable of each line in a laisse has the same vowel sound as every other end-syllable in that laisse. The laisse is therefore an assonal , not a rhyming stanza. On a narrative level, the Song of Roland features extensive use of repetition, parallelism, and thesis-antithesis pairs. Roland proposes Ganelon for the dangerous mission to Sarrogossa; Ganelon designates Roland to man the rearguard. Charlemagne is contrasted with Baligant. [8] Unlike later Renaissance and Romantic literature , the poem focuses on action rather than introspection. The characters are presented through what they do, not through what they think or feel. The narrator gives few explanations for characters' behavior. The warriors are stereotypes defined by a few salient traits; for example, Roland is loyal and trusting while Ganelon, though brave, is traitorous and vindictive. The narrator is openly biased towards the Franks. His moral view is very black-and-white: the Franks are good, and the pagans are bad. The story moves at a fast pace, occasionally slowing down and recounting the same scene up to three times but focusing on different details or taking a different perspective each time. The effect is similar to a film sequence shot at different angles so that new and more important details come to light with each shot. Characters [ edit ] Principal characters [ edit ] Andriodos , helpless boy; despite the honor came from King Charlemagne. Baligant , emir of Babylon; Marsile enlists his help against Charlemagne. Blancandrin , wise pagan; suggests bribing Charlemagne out of Spain with hostages and gifts, and then suggests dishonouring a promise to allow Marsile's baptism Bassalt , came from the name of rocks that are solid and may occur in the second phrase of the poem; captured the horse of the king. Bramimonde , Queen of Saragossa , King Marsile's wife; captured and converted by Charlemagne after the city falls. Charlemagne , Holy Roman Emperor ; his forces fight the Saracens in Spain. Ganelon , treacherous lord and Roland's stepfather who encourages Marsile to attack the French army. King Marsile , Saracen king of Spain; Roland wounds him and he dies of his wound later. Naimon , Charlemagne's trusted adviser. Oliver , Roland's friend; mortally wounded by Margarice. He represents wisdom. Roland , the hero of the Song ; nephew of Charlemagne; leads the rear guard of the French forces; bursts his temples by blowing his olifant-horn, wounds from which he eventually dies facing the enemy's land. Turpin , Archbishop of Rheims , represents the force of the Church . Secondary characters [ edit ] Aude , the fiancée of Roland and Oliver's sister Basan , French baron, murdered while serving as Ambassador of Marsile. Bérengier, one of the twelve paladins killed by Marsile's troops; kills Estramarin; killed by Grandoyne. Besgun, chief cook of Charlemagne's army; guards Ganelon after Ganelon's treachery is discovered. Geboin , guards the French dead; becomes leader of Charlemagne's 2nd column. Godefroy , standard bearer of Charlemagne; brother of Thierry, Charlemagne's defender against Pinabel. Grandoyne , fighter on Marsile's side; son of the Cappadocian King Capuel; kills Gerin, Gerier, Berenger, Guy St. Antoine, and Duke Astorge; killed by Roland. Hamon , joint Commander of Charlemagne's Eighth Division. Lorant , French commander of one of the first divisions against Baligant; killed by Baligant. Milon , guards the French dead while Charlemagne pursues the Saracen forces. Ogier , a Dane who leads the third column in Charlemagne's army against Baligant's forces. Othon, guards the French dead while Charlemagne pursues the Saracen forces. Pinabel , fights for Ganelon in the judicial combat . Thierry, fights for Charlemagne in the judicial combat. Durandal [ edit ] According to the Song of Roland, the legendary sword called Durandal was first given to Charlemagne by an angel. It contained one tooth of Saint Peter , blood of Saint Basil , hair of Saint Denis , and a piece of the raiment of the Blessed Virgin Mary , and was supposedly the sharpest sword in all existence. In the story of the Song of Roland, the weapon is given to Roland, and he uses it to defend himself single-handedly against thousands of Muslim attackers. According to one 12th-century legend from the French town of Rocamadour , Roland threw the sword into a cliffside. [ citation needed ] You can still see a sword there, allegedly Durandal, embedded into the cliff-face. [ citation needed ] Historical adaptations [ edit ] A Latin poem, Carmen de Prodicione Guenonis , was composed around 1120, and a Latin prose version, Historia Caroli Magni (often known as \"The Pseudo-Turpin\") even earlier. Around 1170, a version of the French poem was translated into the Middle High German Rolandslied by Konrad der Pfaffe [8] (formerly thought to have been the author of the Kaiserchronik ). In his translation Konrad replaces French topics with generically Christian ones. The work was translated into Middle Dutch in the 13th century. It was also rendered into Occitan verse in the 14th- or 15th-century poem of Ronsasvals , which incorporates the later, southern aesthetic into the story. An Old Norse version of the Song of Roland exists as Karlamagnús saga , and a translation into the artificial literary language of Franco-Venetian is also known; such translations contributed to the awareness of the story in Italy . In 1516 Ludovico Ariosto published his epic Orlando Furioso , which deals largely with characters first described in the Song of Roland . There is also Faroese adoption of this ballad named \"Runtsivalstríðið\" (Battle of Roncevaux). [9] The ballad is one of many sung during the Faroese folkdance tradition of chain dancing. Modern adaptations [ edit ] The Chanson de Roland has an important place in the background of Graham Greene 's The Confidential Agent , published in 1939. The book's protagonist had been a Medieval scholar specialising in this work, until the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War forced him to become a soldier and secret agent. Throughout the book, he repeatedly compares himself and other characters with the characters of \"Roland\". Particularly, the book includes a full two pages of specific commentary, which is relevant to its 20th-century plot line: \"Oliver, when he saw the Saracens coming, urged Roland to blow his horn and fetch back Charlemagne – but Roland wouldn't blow. A big brave fool. In war one always chooses the wrong hero. Oliver should have been the hero of that song, instead of being given second place with the blood-thirsty Bishop Turpin.(...) In the Oxford version Oliver is reconciled in the end, he gives Roland his death-blow by accident, his eyes blinded by wounds. [But] the story had been tidied up. In truth, Oliver strikes his friend down in full knowledge – because of what he has done to his men, all the wasted lives. Oliver dies hating the man he loves – the big boasting courageous fool who was more concerned with his own glory than with the victory of his faith. This makes the story tragedy, not just heroics\". [10] It is also adapted by Stephen King, in the Dark Tower series in which Roland Deschain wishes to save the Dark Tower from the Crimson King. The Song of Roland is part of the Matter of France (the Continental counterpart to the Arthurian legendarium known as the Matter of Britain ), and related to Orlando Furioso . The names Roland and Orlando are cognates. Emanuelle Luzzati's animated short film, I paladini di Francia , together with Giulio Gianini , in 1960, was turned into the children's picture-story book, with verse narrative, I Paladini de Francia ovvero il tradimento di Gano di Maganz , which translates literally as “The Paladins of France or the treachery of Gano of Maganz” (Ugo Mursia Editore, 1962). This was then republished, in English, as Ronald and the Wizard Calico (1969). The Picture Lion paperback edition (William Collins, London, 1973) is a paperback imprint of the Hutchinson Junior Books edition (1969), which credits the English translation to Hutchinson Junior Books. Luzatti's original verse story in Italian is about the plight of a beautiful maiden called Biancofiore – White Flower, or Blanchefleur – and her brave hero, Captain Rinaldo, and Ricardo and his paladins – the term used for Christian knights engaged in Crusades against the Saracens and Moors. Battling with these good people are the wicked Moors – North African Muslims and Arabs – and their Sultan, in Jerusalem. With the assistance of the wicked and treacherous magician, Gano of Maganz, Biancofiore is stolen from her fortress castle, and taken to become the reluctant wife of the Sultan. The catalyst for victory is the good magician, Urlubulu, who lives in a lake, and flies through the air on the back of his magic blue bird. The English translators, using the original illustrations, and the basic rhyme patterns, slightly simplify the plot, changing the Christians-versus-Muslim-Moors conflict into a battle between good and bad magicians and between golden knights and green knights. The French traitor in The Song of Roland, who is actually Roland's cowardly step-father, is Ganelon – very likely the inspiration for Luzzati's traitor and wicked magician, Gano. Orlando Furioso (literally, Furious or Enraged Orlando, or Roland), includes Orlando's cousin, the paladin Rinaldo, who, like Orlando, is also in love with Angelica, a pagan princess. Rinaldo is, of course, the Italian equivalent of Ronald. Flying through the air on the back of a magic bird is equivalent to flying on a magic hippogriff . On July 22, 2017, Michael Eging and Steve Arnold released a novel ″The Silver Horn Echoes: A Song of Roland,\" inspired by the La Chanson de Roland. This work is more closely based on a screenplay written by Michael Eging in 2008, simply known as \"Song of Roland\" and first optioned to Alan Kaplan at Cine LA that same year. The book explores the untold story of how Roland finds himself at Ronceveaux, betrayed by Ganelon and facing the expansive Saragossan host. Primary characters in the novel include Charles (Charlemagne), Ganelon, Bishop Turpin, Oliver, Aude, Marsilion, Blancandarin and others recognizable from the poem. Introduced in this tale are additional characters that inject intrigue and danger to the story, including Charles oldest son, Pepin, Marsilion's treacherous son, Saleem, and the scheming Byzantine emissary, Honorius. The cover artwork was hand painted by Jordan Raskin. The authors determined when writing both the screenplay and the novel to remain in the world created by the poem; thus Charles remains an older man near the end of his long reign rather than in 778 when the attack on the rearguard actually occurred. Further, this novel bookends the story with William the Conqueror 's use of the poem as a motivator for Norman forces prior to the Battle of Hastings in 1066. [11] See also [ edit ] La Brèche de Roland Matter of France Herzog Ernst Lamprecht Notes [ edit ] Jump up ^ \"The Song of Roland\" . FordhamUniversity.edu. Archived from the original on 2015-02-04 . Retrieved 2015-02-04 . Jump up ^ (in French) La Chanson de Roland on Dictionnaire Étymologique de l'Ancien Français Jump up ^ Short, Ian (1990). Introduction . France: Le Livre de Poche. pp. 5–20. Jump up ^ La Chanson de Roland on Archives de littérature du Moyen Âge Jump up ^ Gaunt, Simon; Pratt, Karen (2016). The Song of Roland, and Other Poems of Charlemagne (1st ed.). New York, NY 10016, United States of America: Oxford University Press. p. xi. ISBN 978-0-19-965554-0 . Jump up ^ Love, Nathan (1984). \"AOI in the Chanson de Roland: A divergent hypothesis\" . Olifant . 10 (4). Société Rencesvals. Jump up ^ Taylor, Andrew, \"Was There a Song of Roland?\" Speculum 76 (January 2001): 28-65 ^ Jump up to: a b Brault, Gerard J., Song of Roland: An Analytical Edition: Introduction and Commentary , Penn State Press, 2010 ISBN 9780271039145 Jump up ^ Part of Runtsivalstríðið with Dansifelagið í Havn Jump up ^ \" The Confidential Agent \", Part 1, Ch. 2, quoted in \"Graham Greene: an approach to the novels\" by Robert Hoskins, p. 122 [1] Jump up ^ Author's Notes, The Silver Horn Echoes: A Song of Roland, iUniverse, July 2017 ( http://www.iuniverse.com/Bookstore/BookDetail.aspx?BookId=SKU-000995830 ) Further reading [ edit ] Brault, Gerard J. Song of Roland: An Analytical Edition: Introduction and Commentary (Penn State Press, 2010). DiVanna, Isabel N. \"Politicizing national literature: the scholarly debate around La chanson de Roland in the nineteenth century.\" Historical Research 84.223 (2011): 109-134. Jones, George Fenwick. The ethos of the song of Roland (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1963). Vance, Eugene. Reading the Song of Roland (1970). External links [ edit ] Wikisource has original text related to this article: The Song of Roland French Wikisource has original text related to this article: La Chanson de Roland Wikiquote has quotations related to: The Song of Roland Wikimedia Commons has media related to Chanson de Roland . The Song of Roland at Project Gutenberg (English translation of Charles Kenneth Scott Moncrieff ) The Song of Roland--(Dorothy L. Sayers) at Faded Page (Canada) The Song of Roland public domain audiobook at LibriVox La Chanson de Roland (Old French) The Romance of the Middle Ages: The Song of Roland , discussion of Oxford, Bodleian Library MS Digby 23, audio clip, and discussion of the manuscript's provenance. Earliest manuscript of the Chanson de Roland , readable online images of the complete original, Oxford, Bodleian Library MS Digby 23 (Pt 2) La Chanson de Roland , in Anglo-Norman, 12th century, ? 2nd quarter\". Old French Audio clips of a reading of The Song of Roland in Old French Timeless Myths: Song of Roland \" Roland, The Song of \". New International Encyclopedia . 1905. show v t e King Charlemagne and the Matter of France Key people Charlemagne Roland Ganelon Naimon Oliver Renaud de Montauban Paladins and other characters Agolant Albracca Angelica Astolfo Atlantes Aude Aymon Baligant Blancandrin Bradamante Bramimonde Brandimarte Brunello Charlot Doon de Mayence Ferragut Fierabras Garin de Monglane Girart de Roussillon Huon of Bordeaux Marfisa Marsile Maugris Melissa Ogier the Dane Pinabel Rodomonte Ruggiero Sacripante Turpin William of Gellone Zerbino Horses and other animals Barbamouche Bayard Gaignun Gramimond Hippogriff Marmorie Passecerf Rabicano Sautperdu Sorel Tachëbrun Tencendur Veillantif Swords and other objects Almace Curtana Durendal Hauteclere Joyeuse Murgleys Olifant Précieuse Places Aachen La Brèche de Roland Roncevaux Pass Chansons de geste and other works The Song of Roland Le Pèlerinage de Charlemagne Chanson de Guillaume Gormond et Isembart The Four Sons of Aymon Karlamagnús saga Orlando Innamorato Orlando Furioso Morgante show v t e The Song of Roland Source Battle of Roncevaux Pass Films The Song of Roland (1978) Other versions Carmen de Prodicione Guenonis Historia Caroli Magni Karlamagnús saga The Dark Tower Characters Baligant Blancandrin Bramimonde Charlemagne Ganelon King Marsile Naimon Oliver Roland Turpin Aude Ogier Pinabel Authority control BNF : cb12008442d (data) NKC : unn2010568621 Retrieved from \" https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Song_of_Roland&oldid=865446055 \" Categories : Chansons de geste Matter of France French folklore French poems Epic poems in French Anglo-Norman folklore The Song of Roland Works of unknown authorship Cultural depictions of Charlemagne Hidden categories: Articles with French-language external links Articles needing additional references from December 2014 All articles needing additional references Articles containing French-language text All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from September 2017 Articles with unsourced statements from May 2018 Articles with Project Gutenberg links Articles with LibriVox links Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the New International Encyclopedia Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers Wikipedia articles with NKC identifiers Navigation menu Personal tools Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Namespaces Article Talk Variants Views Read Edit View history More Search Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Donate to Wikipedia Wikipedia store Interaction Help About Wikipedia Community portal Recent changes Contact page Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Wikidata item Cite this page Print/export Create a book Download as PDF Printable version In other projects Wikimedia Commons Wikiquote Wikisource Languages Afrikaans العربية Aragonés Asturianu Беларуская Беларуская (тарашкевіца) Български Brezhoneg Català Čeština Dansk Deutsch Eesti Ελληνικά Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Føroyskt Français Galego 한국어 Հայերեն Hrvatski Bahasa Indonesia Italiano עברית Қазақша Кырык мары Latina Latviešu Magyar Македонски Nederlands 日本語 Norsk Occitan Polski Português Română Русский Simple English Slovenčina Slovenščina Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska தமிழ் Türkçe Українська Tiếng Việt 吴语 粵語 中文 Lingua Franca Nova 47 more Edit links This page was last edited on 24 October 2018, at 00:51 (UTC) . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License ;\nadditional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. , a non-profit organization. Privacy policy About Wikipedia Disclaimers Contact Wikipedia Developers Cookie statement Mobile view Enable previews",
"title": "The Song of Roland",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=The_Song_of_Roland&oldid=865446055"
} |
IDK | who's making love to your old lady | -5012287815934106959 | {
"text": "Who's Making Love - Wikipedia Who's Making Love From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation , search \"Who's Making Love\" Single by Johnnie Taylor from the album Who's Making Love... STS-2005 B-side \"I'm Trying\" Released October 1968 ( 1968 ) Recorded 1968 Genre Memphis soul Length 2 : 47 Label Stax STA-0009 Songwriter(s) Homer Banks Bettye Crutcher Don Davis Raymond Jackson Producer(s) Don Davis \" Who's Making Love \" is a song written by Stax Records staffers Homer Banks , Bettye Crutcher, Don Davis and Raymond Jackson and recorded by singer Johnnie Taylor . Released on the Stax label in the late summer of 1968, it became Taylor's breakthrough single, reaching number one on the Billboard Hot R&B singles chart and number five on the Billboard Hot 100 . [1] It became one of the few singles Taylor would become primarily known for in the mainstream. The song featured the Stax house band, Booker T. & the M.G.'s , and Isaac Hayes (on keyboards). It was Taylor's best-selling single before the release of \"Disco Lady\" almost a decade later. According to Bettye Crutcher, the lyrics were inspired by the 1920s novelty song \"Who Takes Care of the Caretaker's Daughter (While the Caretaker's Busy Taking Care)\". [2] Contents [ hide ] 1 Chart positions 2 Cover versions 3 References 4 External links Chart positions [ edit ] Chart (1967–68) Peak position U.S. Billboard Hot 100 5 U.S. Billboard Hot R&B singles 1 Cover versions [ edit ] Tony Joe White covered the song on his 1968 album Black and White . The Blues Brothers released a cover version as a single in 1980, which reached number 39 on the US charts. Latvian Blues Band released a cover version on their 2013 live album Live at the Dream Factory . Christian McBride included the song in his 2013 album Out Here . References [ edit ] Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel (2004). Top R&B/Hip-Hop Singles: 1942-2004 . Record Research. p. 568. Jump up ^ Rob Bowman, Soulsville, U.S.A.: The Story of Stax Records , p.163 External links [ edit ] Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics Preceded by \" Hey, Western Union Man \" by Jerry Butler Billboard Hot R&B Singles number-one single November 23, 1968 – December 7, 1968 (three weeks) Succeeded by \" I Heard It Through the Grapevine \" by Marvin Gaye [ hide ] v t e Johnnie Taylor Songs \" Who's Making Love \" \" Take Care of Your Homework \" \" Jody's Got Your Girl and Gone \" \" I Believe in You (You Believe in Me) \" \" Disco Lady \" Retrieved from \" https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Who%27s_Making_Love&oldid=808924661 \" Categories : 1968 singles Johnnie Taylor songs Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs number-one singles Songs written by Homer Banks 1980 singles The Blues Brothers songs Songs written by Raymond Jackson (songwriter) Songs written by Don Davis (record producer) 1968 songs Stax Records singles Hidden categories: Articles with hAudio microformats Navigation menu Personal tools Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Namespaces Article Talk Variants Views Read Edit View history More Search Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Donate to Wikipedia Wikipedia store Interaction Help About Wikipedia Community portal Recent changes Contact page Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Wikidata item Cite this page Print/export Create a book Download as PDF Printable version Languages Norsk nynorsk Edit links This page was last edited on 6 November 2017, at 01:55. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License ;\nadditional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. , a non-profit organization. Privacy policy About Wikipedia Disclaimers Contact Wikipedia Developers Cookie statement Mobile view Enable previews",
"title": "Who's Making Love",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Who%27s_Making_Love&oldid=808924661"
} |
IDK | when does maggie come on grey's anatomy | -7717804473548713538 | {
"text": "Maggie Pierce - Wikipedia Maggie Pierce From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation , search For other people named Maggie Pierce, see Maggie Pierce (disambiguation) . Maggie Pierce Grey's Anatomy character The season thirteen promotional photograph of Kelly McCreary as Dr. Maggie Pierce First appearance \"Everything I Try to Do, Nothing Seems to Turn Out Right\" 10x23, May 8, 2014 (as recurring cast) \"All I Could Do Was Cry\" 11x11, February 12, 2015 (as main cast) Created by Shonda Rhimes Portrayed by Kelly McCreary Information Nickname(s) Maggie Sherlock The Perfect 12 year old Mags The Good Sister The Crazy Sister The Child-Prodigy Little Maggot Pierce Species Human Gender Female Occupation Attending cardiothoracic surgeon at Grey Sloan Memorial Hospital Title Chief of Cardiothoracic Surgery M.D. F.A.C.S. Family Diane Pierce (adoptive mother) (deceased) Bill Pierce (adoptive father) Ellis Grey (biological mother, deceased) Richard Webber (biological father) Meredith Grey (biological half-sister) Catherine Avery (stepmother) Jackson Avery (stepbrother) Significant other(s) Dean (ex-fiance) Ethan Boyd (ex-boyfriend) Andrew DeLuca (ex-boyfriend) Relatives Derek Shepherd (brother in-law, deceased) Zola Grey Shepherd (half-niece) Bailey Shepherd (half-nephew) Ellis Shepherd (half-niece) Nationality American Margaret \" Maggie \" Pierce , M.D. is a fictional character from the American television medical drama Grey's Anatomy , which airs on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) in the United States. The character was created by series producer Shonda Rhimes and is portrayed by actress Kelly McCreary from the tenth season 's penultimate episode onwards. It is revealed in the \" season ten finale \", Maggie's biological parents are Richard Webber ( James Pickens Jr. ) and Ellis Grey ( Kate Burton ), making her Meredith 's half-sister. McCreary was upgraded to a series regular in the eleventh episode of the eleventh season . Pierce has been described as \"perky\" and \"chatty\", [1] as well as focusing mostly on her academic career rather than social life, causing her to be socially inept at times and childlike. She graduated from high school and medical school early, and becomes the head of her department at the young age of 31 years old. McCreary was well received upon her introduction. Contents [ hide ] 1 Storylines 2 Development 2.1 Casting and creation 2.2 Characterization 2.3 Introduction 3 Reception 4 References 5 External links Storylines [ edit ] This section does not cite any sources . Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . (February 2017) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) Maggie is first introduced in the penultimate episode of the tenth season . Cristina Yang ( Sandra Oh ) interviews various different candidates to replace her as the head of her department in Cardiothoracic surgery. Maggie, having finished high school and medical school early, becomes head of her department at 31 years old. It is revealed in the season 10 finale \" Fear (of the Unknown) \", Maggie's biological mother was Ellis Grey. [2] Richard Webber is shocked by this, knowing he is her biological father. Throughout the eleventh season, Webber struggles to deal with the revelation and keeps it from Maggie. Maggie explains that 2 years prior, she looked for her birth mom and needed to go to the court for the records. She found out that she was dead, but got her name, and discovered that she was an amazing surgeon that worked at the Seattle Grace Hospital. She stated that that's not why she took the job, but it's \"a little bit\" why she took the interview. When Maggie identifies Meredith Grey , her half-sister, she attempts to bond with her. However, Meredith attempts to take charge and conflicts with her on a case. After several arguments, Maggie tells Meredith that she is her half-sister. Meredith, in disbelief, points out that she would know that her mother would be pregnant when she was five years old, as Maggie is five years younger than her. Meredith works with Alex Karev ( Justin Chambers ) to decide whether Maggie is lying or if she is wrong. They discover she is correct. Meredith gets flashes back to the time of her mother's crisis at five years old, and remembers being at a hospital and hearing a screaming baby. After several weeks, Webber admits to Maggie that he is her father. Maggie is angry at him. Later, when he comes to apologize for not being there as a father, Maggie corrects him and says he is not her father, as she has adoptive parents she loves, and that she is only angry because of his dishonesty and making her look foolish and naive for weeks. Derek and Meredith decide to have Maggie come over to their house for dinner, to get to know Maggie better. After Maggie says yes, Derek decides it is a good idea to ask Richard as well. Richard reluctantly agrees. The night of the dinner, Maggie and Richard show up, but no-one answers. Maggie leaves him after that. Maggie develops a relationship with radiologist, Ethan Boyd. She admits her awkwardness in relationships, having ended her previous engagement to Dean, who she was unable to sleep in the same bed with. Meredith ends up in a bind with no one to watch her kids, so Maggie offers to watch them. Richard and Maggie eventually come to good terms, and Maggie's helping with Meredith's kids help her integrate into her family home more. Maggie learns about the histories of Meredith, Alex and Callie Torres ( Sara Ramirez ) as they commemorate their dead friend, George O'Malley ( TR Knight ). After Derek's death, Meredith abandons Seattle for a year, leaving Maggie a note. Maggie is shocked by this, and admits she felt abandoned by Meredith right when they were starting to become a family. She invites Webber to a Christmas party, noticing his loneliness. Meredith eventually returns home, hugging Maggie and re-integrating into her old family home. While Maggie and her colleagues are busy dealing with Keith Gardner after a tunnel collapse, Maggie gets a phone call that her parents are getting a divorce. Her mother confesses to her that she'd been having an affair with their car serviceman for eleven years and they had only stayed together for her sake, but were getting a divorce now that she was out on her own. Maggie is emotional about this, but she doesn't want to bother her colleagues about it. Later, she confides in Meredith over the issue, but feels it is silly in comparison to her husband's death. Meredith, however, says she can tell her anything and she should come to her whenever she is having a problem. After Meredith buys her house back from Alex, she invites Maggie and Amelia Shepherd ( Caterina Scorsone ) to move in with her. They assist Meredith in caring for her kids. Maggie also often mediates between Meredith and Amelia, who frequently get into fights over little things. She often helps with Meredith's three kids, with each \"sister\" in charge of getting one kid ready for the day. In the twelfth season, Maggie develops a relationship with intern Andrew DeLuca. Maggie sleeps with DeLuca after a short conversation and a couple of drinks at Joe's. They agree it is a one-time thing, before they have sex again. Maggie and DeLuca keep their relationship private to avoid difficulties at work. DeLuca grows frustrated with their secrecy, so Maggie abruptly decides to go public. When this happens, DeLuca becomes uncomfortable with the way he is viewed by others because he is dating an attending, and doesn't want others to think he is getting special treatment. He also feels intimidated by her authority. When she confronts him, he ends things with her. Maggie attempts to move on and develops an interest in Nathan Riggs ( Martin Henderson ). However, she is unaware Meredith has a sexual relationship with him. She confides in Meredith about this at Amelia's wedding to Owen Hunt ( Kevin McKidd ). In the thirteenth season, Maggie is personally hurt by Meredith lying to her about Alex's actions assaulting DeLuca. She tells her to never lie to her again, but she does so immediately afterwards about Riggs. Riggs tells Meredith she needs to tell Maggie. Maggie works up the courage to ask Riggs out, but he rejects her. Development [ edit ] Casting and creation [ edit ] McCreary on the role When I auditioned, all they told me was that the character might recur a little bit into Season 11; they did not tell me it was Meredith’s sister and there was long-term potential. I had no idea the scope of it in terms of how [she] fit into the mythology of the series. Her character ties into a lot of things that have already occurred in these people’s lives. “ ” Benjamin Lindsay, Backstage 2015 [3] On April 5, 2014, TVLine reported that Kelly McCreary best known for her series regular role on The CW 's short lived medical drama Emily Owens, M.D. and recent guest appearances on Scandal had been cast in a guest star role. McCeary was slated to debut on the May 8, 2015 episode. [4] On October 23, 2014, it was announced that McCreary was promoted to series regular after being credited as guest-starring until the eleventh episode. [5] [6] [7] [8] It was a couple of months after McCreary wrapped her stint on Scandal that she was invited to audition for Grey's . [9] McCeary revealed that she originally auditioned for the character of \"Claudette\" with dummy sides, unbeknownst to her. The only information McCeary had about the character was \"that she was adopted, that she would recur, and she was going to be a very important storyline.\" Just before the script reading for the season 10 finale, Rhimes summoned McCeary to inform her of Maggie's true identity. [10] \"I was really psyched\" McCeary revealed when Rhimes informed her of Maggie's lineage. \"I felt really honored to be the one to accept the challenge.\" [11] However, it wasn't until McCeary experienced the reactions to Maggie's existence from her fellow cast mates that McCeary realized just how big of a deal the character would be. [12] The character's potential existence was first referenced in the press in February 2009 when Michael Ausiello hinted at the possibility of Meredith having a half-sibling, the product of her mother's affair with Richard. [13] Initial speculation pointed to Jesse Williams ' Jackson Avery as the child, but the actor refuted those rumors. [14] Shonda Rhimes revealed that the character had always been a part of the original story plans, but the character's existence was not set in stone until season 4. [15] Characterization [ edit ] Kelly McCeary expressed her excitement about how special Maggie in an interview with BuddyTV . \"I just feel like it's a rare opportunity to be able to play somebody that is so complex and fully realized and smart and fierce and compassionate and awkward and the whole thing.\" [16] Maggie is very good at her job so she can find a place in a professional capacity, but in her personal life, she \"gets more than she bargained for\" McCreary said. [17] \"I think she's a really good doctor\" McCeary said of Maggie. \"She's obviously super-bright. She's very young to be as high in her field as she is.\" McCeary further described Maggie as a \"really great problem-solver.\" Maggie is \"very compassionate\" and at the same time can \"keep a clear head and do the right thing medically all the time.\" [16] McCeary further described Maggie as \"so dynamic.\" [11] While Maggie initially \"came across as all business,\" Kelly McCeary relishes in playing \"Maggie's neurotic, existential, meltdown side.\" [3] \"Maggie also won't really back down from a fight; she's very decisive.\" [12] Introduction [ edit ] Further information: Puzzle With a Piece Missing and Got to Be Real (Grey's Anatomy) Kate Aurthur noted that until Maggie's introduction, Grey's was not \"known for dropping in stories that it planted seasons before -- it's never been filled with twisty mythology.\" [10] Rhimes insisted that the timing wasn't right for Maggie's introduction in previous seasons. In season 3, the series introduced Meredith's paternal half-sister Lexie Grey ( Chyler Leigh ) and it was at that time that Maggie became a serious topic of discussion. Though Lexie was killed off in the season 8 finale, \" Flight ,\" Rhimes felt it was still too soon for Maggie's arrival. [9] [18] The scribe even thought the show might end without the character ever being introduced. \"Then we hit this moment in time and I remember walking into the writers' room and going, 'You guys, it's time.'\" [15] When Maggie makes the sudden revelation that she is Ellis' child to Richard, viewers are left to wonder about her history. The second episode of the season puts Maggie front and center. The episode appropriately titled \" Puzzle With a Piece Missing ,\" focuses on Maggie's struggle to fit in throughout her life, even with her own adoptive parents whom she is very different from. [19] Though she is very close with her parents, and they get along very well, she's grown up \"still feeling like something's missing.\" Kelly McCreary said \"That's what's really compelling to me about Maggie: that sort of dark underbelly of this person who seems to really have it all together.\" [20] Maggie struggles to build relationships with her colleagues. She unknowingly shares confidential information about Alex Karev ( Justin Chambers ) and she gets she also insults the hospital board when she tries to prop up Miranda Bailey ( Chandra Wilson ). Though she's got the \"best intentions,\" things backfire. [19] Maggie also serves as a \"mentor\" to Jo Wilson ( Camilla Luddington ). [21] As Maggie discovers she has several things in common with Richard, the stage is set for Maggie to learn that Richard is her father. [20] [19] \"I think people will relate to the awkwardness of being the new kid at school\" McCeary said of the episode's comedic tone. [20] Despite so many different interactions, the episode highlights \"Maggie's loneliness.\" [21] The Maggie-centric episode also featured Kelly McCreary stepping into the coveted role of narrator for the episode, which was usually reserved for Ellen Pompeo 's Meredith, and on occasion other veteran cast members. [22] [23] \"It was overwhelming and very surprising\" McCeary said of being the center of attention so early into her Grey's tenure. She continued, \"I felt terrified and also really grateful that they trusted me with the institution about of Grey's Anatomy for a whole episode.\" McCeary relished in finally learning the character's history. \"[It] was a huge gift to have 65 pages worth of material telling me exactly who she is. It was great!\" [21] Reception [ edit ] This section needs expansion . You can help by adding to it . (February 2017) Critics responded positively to the development of Pierce in her centric episode \" Puzzle With a Piece Missing \". Fempop gave a largely positive review writing, \" Puzzle With a Piece Missing is a funny and insightful look both into this latest interloper and the established characters of Grey’s.\" praising the new addition, \"Thankfully she’s (Pierce) her own person, confident and happy to bring the thunder and put everyone, from interns to the chief of surgery, into their places.\" [24] Entertainment Weekly lauded the episode stating, \"Coming into the second week without Cristina Yang , Grey’s was smart to focus all of its attention on the newcomer. With most other main characters only making occasional cameos, it made it more difficult to feel Yang’s absence. And by showing Maggie’s side of the story, it made her more relatable. It was a win-win.\" adding on McCreary's character, \" this episode is about how Maggie is her own, very likable person.\" [25] On her character TV Fanatic wrote, Overall, we got to know Maggie a little better and it's nice to see that she's made some friends. It was a fair episode that showed Maggie's basically a work in progress. Maybe she'll grow on us eventually.\" [26] For the thirteenth season, Vulture writer, Maggie Fremont spoke positively about the character: \"It’s never easy for a long-running series to introduce a new character, especially when that character is meant to immediately fit in with the rest of the ensemble. But when Maggie Pierce arrived in season ten, that’s exactly what Grey’s Anatomy did. It could’ve been easy to dislike her — she showed up to take over cardio as Cristina Yang was leaving, for chrissakes! She was yet another one of Meredith’s long-lost sisters. The cards were really stacked against Maggie Pierce. Yet, thanks to the writers and Kelly McCreary’s terrific performance, Maggie was immediately endearing. She is weird and neurotic and cheerful. She is nothing like Cristina, but she fills a void that Meredith needs filled in order to function. Can you really imagine Grey’s without Maggie Pierce?\" [27] References [ edit ] Jump up ^ http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/greys-anatomy-11-big-developments-735827 Jump up ^ Writer: William Harper; Director: Tony Phelan (May 15, 2014). \" Fear (of the Unknown) \". Grey's Anatomy . Season 10. Episode 24. American Broadcasting Company . |access-date= requires |url= ( help ) ^ Jump up to: a b Lindsay, Benjamin (December 8, 2015). \"How Kelly McCreary of ‘Grey’s Anatomy’ Finds Catharsis in Emotional Scenes\" . Backstage . Backstage, LLC . Retrieved September 24, 2016 . Jump up ^ Ausiello, Michael (April 5, 2014). \"Exclusive: Ill-Fated Scandal Guest Star Resurrected on Grey's Anatomy\" . TVLine . Penske Media Corporation . Retrieved September 27, 2014 . Jump up ^ Raftery, Liz (October 23, 2014). \"Grey's Anatomy: Kelly McCreary Upped to Series Regular\" . TV Guide . CBS Interactive . Retrieved October 23, 2014 . Jump up ^ Goldberg, Lesley (October 23, 2014). \" ' Grey's Anatomy's' Kelly McCreary Upped to Series Regular\" . The Hollywood Reporter . Prometheus Global Media . Retrieved October 24, 2014 . Jump up ^ \"‘Grey’s Anatomy’ Promotes Kelly McCreary to Series Regular\" . Variety . Penske Media Corporation . October 23, 2014 . Retrieved October 24, 2014 . Jump up ^ \" ' Grey's Anatomy' promotes Kelly McCreary to series regular\" . Entertainment Weekly . Time Inc. October 23, 2014 . Retrieved October 24, 2014 . ^ Jump up to: a b Greco, Patti (October 9, 2014). \" \" Grey's Anatomy\" Newbie Kelly McCreary on What's Next for Meredith and Maggie\" . Cosmopolitan . Hearst . Retrieved September 24, 2016 . ^ Jump up to: a b Aurthur, Kate (January 29, 2015). \"Everything You Need To Know About The Woman Who Plays Meredith Grey’s Sister On \"Grey’s Anatomy \" \" . BuzzFeed . BuzzFeed Inc . Retrieved September 24, 2016 . ^ Jump up to: a b Nelli, Victoria (October 16, 2014). \"Maggie’s Anatomy: Kelly McCreary Dishes on Joining GREY’S ANATOMY and Previews Tonight’s Flashback Fun\" . The TV Addict . Retrieved September 24, 2016 . ^ Jump up to: a b Goldberg, Lesley (October 2, 2014). \" ' Grey's Anatomy's Kelly McCreary: There's a Lot Maggie Doesn't Know\" . The Hollywood Reporter . Prometheus Global Media . Retrieved September 25, 2016 . Jump up ^ Ausiello, Michael (February 25, 2009). \" ' Grey's' exclusive: Does Mer have another MIA sibling?\" . Entertainment Weekly . Time Inc. Retrieved December 8, 2013 . Jump up ^ Webb Mitovich, Matt (December 8, 2009). \"Grey's Anatomy's Jesse Williams Addresses Meredith's Brother Rumor\" . Archived from the original on December 12, 2009 . Retrieved December 8, 2013 . ^ Jump up to: a b Abrams, Natalie (July 15, 2014). \"Grey's Anatomy's Shonda Rhimes Teases Half-Sister Twist, Possible New Romance\" . TV Guide . CBS Interactive . Retrieved October 3, 2014 . ^ Jump up to: a b Jacobs, Meredith (October 1, 2014). \" ' Grey's Anatomy' Exclusive Interview: Kelly McCreary on 'Clashing' with Meredith and a 'Shift' with Richard\" . BuddyTV . Retrieved September 24, 2016 . Jump up ^ Goldberg, Lesley (September 25, 2014). \" ' Grey's Anatomy' Stars Tease Season 11: New Love, Board Drama and Meddling Meredith\" . The Hollywood Reporter . Prometheus Global Media . Retrieved October 3, 2014 . Jump up ^ Goldberg, Lesley (July 16, 2014). \" ' Grey's Anatomy's' Shonda Rhimes: Season 11 to Focus on Meredith, Explore Callie and Arizona's 'Band-Aid ' \" . The Hollywood Reporter . Prometheus Global Media . Retrieved September 24, 2016 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Abrams, Natalie (September 30, 2014). \" ' Grey's Anatomy' sneak peek: Things get even worse between Meredith and Maggie\" . Entertainment Weekly . Time Inc. Retrieved September 24, 2016 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Raftery, Liz (October 1, 2014). \"Grey's Anatomy Newcomer Kelly McCreary: Maggie and Meredith Are Like \"Oil and Water \" \" . TV Guide . CBS Interactive . Retrieved September 24, 2016 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Bucksbaum, Sydney (October 2, 2014). \"Maggie's Grey's Anatomy Secret Won't Stay Hidden for Long! Kelly McCreary Gives the Scoop\" . E! . NBCUniversal . Retrieved September 25, 2016 . Jump up ^ Goldberg, Lesley (October 2, 2014). \" ' Grey's Anatomy' Postmortem: 'Meredith Will Delve Deep Into the Past' to Uncover the Truth\" . The Hollywood Reporter . Prometheus Global Media . Retrieved September 25, 2016 . Jump up ^ Samson, Janalen (October 2, 2014). \" ' Grey's Anatomy' Recap: Maggie Opens Pandora's Box\" . BuddyTV . Retrieved September 25, 2016 . Jump up ^ Alex Cranz. \"Review: Grey's Anatomy - 'Puzzle With a Missing Piece ' \" . FemPop Magazine . Retrieved August 14, 2015 . Jump up ^ \"Grey's Anatomy recap: 'Puzzle With A Piece Missing ' \" . Entertainment Weekly . Retrieved August 14, 2015 . Jump up ^ Tran, Christina. \"Grey's Anatomy\" . TV Fanatic . Retrieved August 14, 2015 . Jump up ^ Fremont, Maggie. \"Grey’s Anatomy Recap: Oh, Mother\" . Vulture . Retrieved February 10, 2017 . External links [ edit ] Grey's Anatomy portal Fictional characters portal Television portal Maggie Piece at ABC.com Maggie Pierce on IMDb [ hide ] v t e Grey's Anatomy Episodes Season 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Characters ( cast members ) Meredith Grey Cristina Yang Izzie Stevens Alex Karev George O'Malley Miranda Bailey Richard Webber Derek Shepherd Preston Burke Addison Montgomery Mark Sloan Callie Torres Lexie Grey Erica Hahn Owen Hunt Sadie Harris Arizona Robbins Teddy Altman Jackson Avery April Kepner Amelia Shepherd Stephanie Edwards Maggie Pierce Other Awards and nominations Soundtrack Video game Private Practice A Corazón Abierto (Mexican telenovela) A Corazón Abierto (Colombian telenovela) Portal Category Retrieved from \" https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maggie_Pierce&oldid=799923131 \" Categories : Grey's Anatomy characters Fictional African-American people Fictional characters from Washington (state) Fictional storytellers Fictional characters introduced in 2014 Fictional surgeons Fictional female doctors Hidden categories: Pages using citations with accessdate and no URL Pages using infobox character with unknown parameters Articles needing additional references from February 2017 All articles needing additional references Articles to be expanded from February 2017 All articles to be expanded Articles using small message boxes Navigation menu Personal tools Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Namespaces Article Talk Variants Views Read Edit View history More Search Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Donate to Wikipedia Wikipedia store Interaction Help About Wikipedia Community portal Recent changes Contact page Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Wikidata item Cite this page Print/export Create a book Download as PDF Printable version Languages Français Italiano Edit links This page was last edited on 10 September 2017, at 16:48. 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"title": "Maggie Pierce",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Maggie_Pierce&oldid=799923131"
} |
The name `` lie bumps '' is a result of a myth that telling lies would cause them . However , very little has been written about this condition in scientific articles or textbooks and scientific studies have failed to produce a definite cause . Possible causes include : `` stress , gastrointestinal upset , menstruation , acidic or sour food , smoking , and local trauma '' ( direct physical irritation ) of the tongue . Lie bumps are often caused by the taste bud ( s ) splitting . | where do lie bumps come from on your tongue | -6344010436953808577 | {
"text": "Transient lingual papillitis - Wikipedia Transient lingual papillitis From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation , search This article contains weasel words : vague phrasing that often accompanies biased or unverifiable information . Such statements should be clarified or removed . (January 2014) Transient lingual papillitis (also termed fungiform papillary glossitis , [1] eruptive lingual papillitis , [2] or colloquially, lie bumps ), [2] are painful, hypertrophic , red and white papillae on the tongue . [2] Cause [ edit ] The name \"lie bumps\" is a result of a myth that telling lies would cause them. However, very little has been written about this condition in scientific articles or textbooks and scientific studies have failed to produce a definite cause. [2] Possible causes include: \"stress, gastrointestinal upset, menstruation, acidic or sour food, smoking, and local trauma\" (direct physical irritation) of the tongue. Lie bumps are often caused by the taste bud(s) splitting. These bumps are small, white bumps on the base of the tongue. They are likely to be the result of transient lingual papillitis (TLP). This condition is limited to the upper (dorsal) surface of the tongue, affecting some of the tiny bumps on the tongue known as the fungiform papillae, what we commonly call the \"taste buds.\" TLP is a harmless problem. [ citation needed ] These bumps can become notably red or white and are quite tender for up to several days. While the cause of TLP is not known with certainty, most experts [ who? ] feel that local accidental trauma (rubbing, scraping or biting) is a major factor; however, contact reactions to things like certain foods have also been suggested. Lie bumps are not contagious and the discomfort is relatively minor. Typically these lesions heal within a few days with no treatment, though a doctor may refer a patient to an oral pathologist in prolonged cases. Treatments [ edit ] There are no specific treatments for this problem, other than using ice or numbing medicines to ease the pain. [ citation needed ] References [ edit ] Jump up ^ Marks, R.; Scarff, C.E.; Yap, L.M.; Verlinden, V.; Jolley, D.; Campbell, J. (October 2005). \"Fungiform papillary glossitis: atopic disease in the mouth?\" . British Journal of Dermatology . British Association of Dermatologists. 153 (100,000,000,000): 740–745. doi : 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06577.x . PMID 16181454 . Retrieved 2007-10-30 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Roux, O.; Lacour, J.P.; Paediatricians of the Region Var-Cote D'Azur (February 2004). \"Eruptive lingual papillitis with household transmission: a prospective clinical study\" . British Journal of Dermatology . British Association of Dermatologists. 150 (2): 299–303. doi : 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.05703.x . PMID 14996101 . Retrieved 2007-10-30 . [ show ] v t e Oral and maxillofacial pathology ( K00–K06, K11–K14 , 520–525, 527–529 ) [ show ] Lips Cheilitis Actinic Angular Plasma cell Cleft lip Congenital lip pit Eclabium Herpes labialis Macrocheilia Microcheilia Nasolabial cyst Sun poisoning Trumpeter's wart [ show ] Tongue Ankyloglossia Black hairy tongue Caviar tongue Crenated tongue Cunnilingus tongue Fissured tongue Foliate papillitis Glossitis Geographic tongue Median rhomboid glossitis Transient lingual papillitis Glossoptosis Hypoglossia Lingual thyroid Macroglossia Microglossia Rhabdomyoma [ show ] Palate Bednar's aphthae Cleft palate High-arched palate Palatal cysts of the newborn Inflammatory papillary hyperplasia Stomatitis nicotina Torus palatinus [ show ] Oral mucosa – Lining of mouth Amalgam tattoo Angina bullosa haemorrhagica Behçet's disease Bohn's nodules Burning mouth syndrome Candidiasis Condyloma acuminatum Darier's disease Epulis fissuratum Erythema multiforme Erythroplakia Fibroma Giant-cell Focal epithelial hyperplasia Fordyce spots Hairy leukoplakia Hand, foot and mouth disease Hereditary benign intraepithelial dyskeratosis Herpangina Herpes zoster Intraoral dental sinus Leukoedema Leukoplakia Lichen planus Linea alba Lupus erythematosus Melanocytic nevus Melanocytic oral lesion Molluscum contagiosum Morsicatio buccarum Oral cancer Benign: Squamous cell papilloma Keratoacanthoma Malignant: Adenosquamous carcinoma Basaloid squamous carcinoma Mucosal melanoma Spindle cell carcinoma Squamous cell carcinoma Verrucous carcinoma Oral florid papillomatosis Oral melanosis Smoker's melanosis Pemphigoid Benign mucous membrane Pemphigus Plasmoacanthoma Stomatitis Aphthous Denture-related Herpetic Smokeless tobacco keratosis Submucous fibrosis Ulceration Riga–Fede disease Verruca vulgaris Verruciform xanthoma White sponge nevus [ show ] Teeth ( pulp , dentin , enamel ) Amelogenesis imperfecta Ankylosis Anodontia Caries Early childhood caries Concrescence Failure of eruption of teeth Dens evaginatus Talon cusp Dentin dysplasia Dentin hypersensitivity Dentinogenesis imperfecta Dilaceration Discoloration Ectopic enamel Enamel hypocalcification Enamel hypoplasia Turner's hypoplasia Enamel pearl Fluorosis Fusion Gemination Hyperdontia Hypodontia Maxillary lateral incisor agenesis Impaction Wisdom tooth impaction Macrodontia Meth mouth Microdontia Odontogenic tumors Keratocystic odontogenic tumour Odontoma Dens in dente Open contact Premature eruption Neonatal teeth Pulp calcification Pulp stone Pulp canal obliteration Pulp necrosis Pulp polyp Pulpitis Regional odontodysplasia Resorption Shovel-shaped incisors Supernumerary root Taurodontism Trauma Avulsion Cracked tooth syndrome Vertical root fracture Occlusal Tooth loss Edentulism Tooth wear Abrasion Abfraction Acid erosion Attrition [ show ] Periodontium ( gingiva , periodontal ligament , cementum , alveolus ) – Gums and tooth-supporting structures Cementicle Cementoblastoma Gigantiform Cementoma Eruption cyst Epulis Pyogenic granuloma Congenital epulis Gingival enlargement Gingival cyst of the adult Gingival cyst of the newborn Gingivitis Desquamative Granulomatous Plasma cell Hereditary gingival fibromatosis Hypercementosis Hypocementosis Linear gingival erythema Necrotizing periodontal diseases Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis Pericoronitis Peri-implantitis Periodontal abscess Periodontal trauma Periodontitis Aggressive As a manifestation of systemic disease Chronic Perio-endo lesion Teething [ show ] Periapical, mandibular and maxillary hard tissues – Bones of jaws Agnathia Alveolar osteitis Buccal exostosis Cherubism Idiopathic osteosclerosis Mandibular fracture Microgenia Micrognathia Intraosseous cysts Odontogenic : periapical Dentigerous Buccal bifurcation Lateral periodontal Globulomaxillary Calcifying odontogenic Glandular odontogenic Non-odontogenic: Nasopalatine duct Median mandibular Median palatal Traumatic bone Osteoma Osteomyelitis Osteonecrosis Bisphosphonate-associated Neuralgia-inducing cavitational osteonecrosis Osteoradionecrosis Osteoporotic bone marrow defect Paget's disease of bone Periapical abscess Phoenix abscess Periapical periodontitis Stafne defect Torus mandibularis [ show ] Temporomandibular joints , muscles of mastication and malocclusions – Jaw joints, chewing muscles and bite abnormalities Bruxism Condylar resorption Mandibular dislocation Malocclusion Crossbite Open bite Overbite Overeruption Overjet Prognathia Retrognathia Scissor bite Maxillary hypoplasia Temporomandibular joint dysfunction [ show ] Salivary glands Benign lymphoepithelial lesion Ectopic salivary gland tissue Frey's syndrome HIV salivary gland disease Necrotizing sialometaplasia Mucocele Ranula Pneumoparotitis Salivary duct stricture Salivary gland aplasia Salivary gland atresia Salivary gland diverticulum Salivary gland fistula Salivary gland hyperplasia Salivary gland hypoplasia Salivary gland neoplasms Benign: Basal cell adenoma Canalicular adenoma Ductal papilloma Monomorphic adenoma Myoepithelioma Oncocytoma Papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum Pleomorphic adenoma Sebaceous adenoma Malignant: Acinic cell carcinoma Adenocarcinoma Adenoid cystic carcinoma Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma Lymphoma Mucoepidermoid carcinoma Sclerosing polycystic adenosis Sialadenitis Parotitis Chronic sclerosing sialadenitis Sialectasis Sialocele Sialodochitis Sialosis Sialolithiasis Sjögren's syndrome [ show ] Orofacial soft tissues – Soft tissues around the mouth Actinomycosis Angioedema Basal cell carcinoma Cutaneous sinus of dental origin Cystic hygroma Gnathophyma Ludwig's angina Macrostomia Melkersson–Rosenthal syndrome Microstomia Noma Oral Crohn's disease Orofacial granulomatosis Perioral dermatitis Pyostomatitis vegetans [ show ] Other Eagle syndrome Hemifacial hypertrophy Facial hemiatrophy Oral manifestations of systemic disease Retrieved from \" https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Transient_lingual_papillitis&oldid=842620026 \" Categories : Tongue Conditions of the mucous membranes Oral mucosal pathology Tongue disorders Hidden categories: Articles with weasel words from January 2014 All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from March 2018 All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from January 2014 Articles with unsourced statements from May 2018 Navigation menu Personal tools Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Namespaces Article Talk Variants Views Read Edit View history More Search Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Donate to Wikipedia Wikipedia store Interaction Help About Wikipedia Community portal Recent changes Contact page Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Wikidata item Cite this page Print/export Create a book Download as PDF Printable version Languages Add links This page was last edited on 23 May 2018, at 15:58. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License ;\nadditional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. , a non-profit organization. Privacy policy About Wikipedia Disclaimers Contact Wikipedia Developers Cookie statement Mobile view Enable previews",
"title": "Transient lingual papillitis",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org//w/index.php?title=Transient_lingual_papillitis&oldid=842620026"
} |
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