Patent Number: 
Section: claims

1. An X-ray imaging system, comprising:a means for irradiating a sample with an X-ray beam;a plurality of analyzer crystals arranged in series on an optical path of the X-ray beam, and configured to split the X-ray beam that has passed through the sample into a plurality of reflected X-ray beams and transmitted X-ray beams;a rotational mechanism that adjusts an angle between the plurality of analyzer crystals;a plurality of X-ray imagers that detect the plurality of reflected X-ray beams; anda processing unit that performs operations on outputs from the plurality of X-ray imagers to thereby obtain an image using as contrast refraction angles and phase-shifts of the X-ray beams caused by the sample;wherein said processing unit measures said refraction angles from said outputs from the plurality of X-ray imagers. 2. The X-ray imaging system according to claim 1, comprising:a mechanism for rotating the sample with respect to the optical path of the X-ray beam; anda means for reconstructing a sectional image of the sample from a plurality of sample images obtained by irradiation of the X-ray beams from a plurality of different directions. 3. The X-ray imaging system according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of analyzer crystals are held on one rotating table capable of rotating at a minute angle with respect to the optical path of the X-ray beam. 4. The X-ray imaging system according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of analyzer crystals are a plurality of thin crystal wafers formed on one single crystal block. 5. The X-ray imaging system according to claim 1, wherein diffraction lattice planes of the plurality of analyzer crystals are substantially perpendicular to the respective crystal surfaces. 6. The X-ray imaging system according to claim 1, wherein the diffraction lattice planes of the plurality of analyzer crystals are substantially parallel to the respective crystal surfaces. 7. The X-ray imaging system according to claim 1, wherein the diffraction lattice planes of the plurality of analyzer crystals are nonparallel to the respective crystal surfaces. 8. The X-ray imaging system according to claim 4, wherein the single crystal block has a notch extending from the lateral side between two adjacent analyzer crystals, and the rotational mechanism has a piezo that adjusts an interval of an open end of the notch. 9. The X-ray imaging system according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of analyzer crystals are thin crystal wafers formed respectively on separate crystal blocks, and the crystal blocks are disposed on a positioning mechanism capable of adjusting a relative angle. 10. An X-ray imaging method, comprising the steps of:irradiating a sample with an X-ray beam;entering in sequence the X-ray beam that has passed through the sample into a plurality of analyzer crystals having diffraction lattice planes of different angles, thereby splitting the X-ray beam into a plurality of reflected X-ray beams and transmitted X-ray beams;detecting the reflected X-ray beams by a plurality of X-ray imagers; andperforming operations to thereby obtain from a plurality of detected images a sample image using as contrast refraction angles and phase-shifts of the X-ray beams caused by the sample;wherein said processing unit measures said refraction angles from said outputs from the plurality of X-ray imagers. 11. The X-ray imaging method according to claim 10, whereinthe sample is rotated with respect to the optical path of the X-ray beam, anda sectional image of the sample is reconstructed from a plurality of sample images obtained by irradiation of the X-ray beams from a plurality of different directions. 12. The X-ray imaging method according to claim 10, whereinthe plurality of analyzer crystals are rotated at a time at a minute angle with respect to the optical path of the X-ray beam, andthe sectional image of the sample is reconstructed from a plurality of sample images obtained at a plurality of different angles. 13. The X-ray imaging method according to claim 10, whereinthe plurality of analyzer crystals are rotated relative to the optical path of the X-ray beam to thereby obtain a plurality of sample images, andan image using as contrast any one of refraction angles and phase-shifts of the X-ray beams caused by the sample is obtained from the plurality of obtained sample images, by performing operations. 14. The X-ray imaging method according to claim 10, wherein X-ray diffractions by the analyzer crystals are used to detect a refraction angle, caused by the sample, of the X-ray beam. 15. An X-ray imaging system, comprising:a means for irradiating a sample with an X-ray beam;a plurality of analyzer crystals arranged in series on an optical path of the X-ray beam, and configured to split the X-ray beam that has passed through the sample into a plurality of refracted X-ray beams and transmitted X-ray beams;a rotational mechanism that adjusts an angle between the sample and the plurality of analyzer crystals;a plurality of X-ray imagers that detect the plurality of refracted X-ray beams; anda processing unit that performs operations on outputs from the plurality of X-ray imagers to thereby obtain an image, using refraction angles and phase-shifts of the X-ray beams caused by the sample as contrast;wherein said processing unit measures said refraction angles from said outputs from the plurality of X-ray imagers. 16. The X-ray imaging apparatus according to claim 15, wherein the analyzer crystals are configured to create X-ray diffractions used by the processing unit to detect a refraction angle of the X-ray beam caused by the sample. 17. The X-ray imaging apparatus according to claim 16, wherein an analyzer crystal is configured to diffract an X-ray only when the incident angle of the X-ray is in the vicinity of a Bragg angle. 18. The X-ray imaging apparatus according to claim 17, wherein an analyzer crystal is configured such that when the incident angle of the X-ray deviates from the vicinity of the Bragg angle, refraction changes drastically such that the X-ray is transmitted. 19. The X-ray imaging method according to claim 14, wherein an X-ray is diffracted by an analyzer crystal only when the incident angle of the X-ray is in the vicinity of a Bragg angle. 20. The X-ray imaging method according to claim 19, wherein when the incident angle of the X-ray deviates from the vicinity of the Bragg angle, refraction changes drastically such that the X-ray is transmitted.