Patent Number: 
Section: claims

1. An apparatus comprising:a support comprising first nuclei of an isotope;a source device on the support, the source device comprising second nuclei of the isotope, the second nuclei in an excited nuclear state of the isotope; andan excitation element coupled to the support,wherein upon activation of the excitation element, at least some of the first nuclei are level shifted to at least one nuclear state above a ground state of the isotope by excitation transfer from the second nuclei to the first nuclei. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the excitation element comprises a vibration source. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the source device comprises a radioactive source, wherein the second nuclei are produced as decay product nuclei of the radioactive source, and wherein the excitation transfer moves excitation from the decay product nuclei of the radioactive source to the first nuclei of the support. 4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the excitation transfer occurs in bulk from multiple second nuclei of the source device. 5. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the excitation transfer causes emissions from the support. 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the source device comprises a radioactive source, wherein the second nuclei are produced as decay product nuclei of the radioactive source. 7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the excitation is transferred by a process in which energy is transferred from the decay product nuclei in the excited nuclear state to one or more of the first nuclei of the support. 8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the one or more first nuclei of the support to which the energy is transferred are each in a ground state of the isotope before the energy is transferred. 9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, said at least one nuclear state to which at least some of the first nuclei are level-shifted by excitation transfer is the excited nuclear state of the isotope. 10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the excitation transfer from the second nuclei to the first nuclei occurs via phonon-nuclear coupling. 11. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the excitation transfer moves excitation from the second nuclei to the first nuclei. 12. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein at least some of the first nuclei are level shifted via phonon-nuclear coupling in diatomic molecules each comprising one of the first nuclei and one of the second nuclei.