Patent Number: 062787640
Section: claims

1. A replicated x-ray optical device comprising an inner reflecting surface, a supporting multilayer, and a mechanical supporting outer layer. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the inner reflecting surface has a smoothness of less than about 12 .ANG. mrms. 3. The device of claim 1, wherein said mechanical supporting outer layer comprises an electroplated material deposited on the multilayer. 4. The device of claim 3, wherein the mechanical outer layer comprises a material selected from the group consisting of nickel, copper, copper-nickel alloys, copper-tin alloys, stainless steel, and iron-nickel alloys. 5. The device of claim 1, wherein the supporting multilayer comprises alternating layers of (1) a first material comprising a material the same as that of the reflecting surface and (2) a second material comprising a metal. 6. The device of claim 5, wherein the metal is selected from the group consisting of copper, copper-nickel alloys, nickel, gold, and silver. 7. The device of claim 1, wherein the supporting multilayer is not a reflective mirror. 8. The device of claim 1, further comprising a metal layer intermediate the supporting multilayer and the supporting outer layer. 9. The device of claim 8, wherein the metal layer comprises copper and the outer layer comprises nickel. 10. The device of claim 1, wherein the reflecting surface comprises a material forming a grazing reflection surface. 11. The device of claim 1, wherein the reflecting surface comprises a multilayer forming a resonant multilayer surface. 12. The device of claim 1, wherein the reflecting surface comprises a material selected from the group consisting of rhenium, rhenium alloys, tungsten alloys, rhodium, gold, platinum, nickel, and nickel alloys. 13. The device of claim 1, wherein the device is tubular in configuration. 14. The device of claim 13, wherein the device is open at both ends. 15. The device of claim 1, wherein the device has a shape selected from the group consisting of truncated paraboloidal, ellipsoidal, hyperboloidal, and polynomial shells of revolution, and combinations thereof. 16. The device of claim 1, wherein the device comprises a collimator having a polynomial shape that produces a collimated x-ray beam from an x-ray source. 17. The device of claim 16, wherein the reflecting surface is selected from the group consisting of grazing reflection mirrors and resonant reflection mirrors. 18. The device of claim 1, wherein the device comprises a collimator having a paraboloidal shape that produces a collimated x-ray beam from an x-ray source. 19. The device of claim 18, wherein the reflecting surface is selected from the group consisting of grazing reflection mirrors and resonant reflection mirrors. 20. The device of claim 1, wherein the device comprises a collector that collects x-rays emitted from an x-ray source. 21. The device of claim 1, wherein the device comprises a collector that selects a selected band of x-ray wavelengths from the source. 22. The device of claim 20, wherein the reflecting surface is selected from the group consisting of grazing reflection mirrors and resonant reflection mirrors. 23. The device of claim 1, wherein the device comprises a focusing element that focuses x-rays emitted from an x-ray source. 24. The device of claim 1, wherein the device comprises one of the group consisting of a condenser and an objective lens. 25. The device of claim 1, wherein the device comprises a magnifying element that magnifies x-rays emitted from an x-ray source. 26. A method for fabricating an x-ray optical device, comprising: depositing at least one material layer onto a mandrel having a smooth surface to form a reflecting surface;  depositing a supporting multilayer on the material layer;  depositing a mechanical supporting outer layer on the multilayer; and  removing the mandrel from the optical device. 27. The method of claim 26, further comprising providing a mandrel with an outer surface having a surface smoothness of less than 12 .ANG. rms. 28. The method of claim 26, wherein depositing the material layer is carried out by sputter deposition. 29. The method of claim 26, wherein depositing the material layer comprises depositing a plurality of alternating layers of two or more materials to form a reflective multilayer. 30. The method of claim 26, wherein depositing the mechanical outer layer is carried out by electrodeposition. 31. The method of claim 26, further comprising depositing a parting layer on the mandrel before depositing the material layer. 32. The method of claim 31, wherein the parting layer comprises a material selected from the group consisting of amorphous carbon and carbides. 33. The method of claim 31, wherein the parting layer forms a uniform adhesion layer on the mandrel. 34. The method of claim 26, further comprising reusing the mandrel for fabricating more than one optical device.