Patent Number: 050230433
Section: claims

1. An actively cooled heat shield for use at a high temperature range, as is present in a fusion reactor, comprising: at least one body made of a refractory material, said body having a thermally stressed surface facing the fusion reactor and an opposing surface, the opposing surface having at least one recess, the at least one recess being at least partially arc-shaped in cross-section:  a respective metal cooling pipe disposed in the respective at least one recess and thermally coupled thereto, the cooling pipe having a cross-section complementary to the cross-section of the respective recess in which the cooling pipe is disposed, forming a heat transfer surface, the cooling pipe being brazed along the entire heat transfer surface to the refractory body; and  a cooling medium circulating in the cooling pipe. 2. The heat shield device as defined in claim 1, including a plurality of said bodies which are closely aligned and each of which have at least one cooling pipe brazed thereto. 3. Devices according to claim 2, wherein at least one refractory body has a plurality of said recesses which are of different sizes and in which a respective plurality of cooling pipes having different diameters are brazed. 4. Device according to claim 2, wherein the bodies have elongated shapes, whereby conductive loops cannot be established in electromagnetic fields present in the fusion reactor. 5. Device according to claim 1, wherein the recess is a groove having an at least partial cylindrical surface and the complementary cooling pipe has a circular cross section. 6. Device according to claim 5, wherein the recess has a U-shaped cross section and is deeper than one-half the exterior diameter of the complementary cooling pipe. 7. Device according to claim 2, wherein the bodies each have at least one recess configured as a bore into which a cooling pipe is brazed. 8. Device according to claim 1, wherein the refractory material is selected from the group consisting of graphite, carbides, ceramics, and composite metal-ceramic materials. 9. Device according to claim 1, wherein cooling pipes brazed to the at least one body are each composed of a metal having essentially the same coefficient of thermal expansion as the refractory material and are each connected to a coolant conduit made of another material. 10. Device according to claim 9, wherein the connection between each cooling pipe and the coolant conduit includes a shrink fitted seat around the cooling pipe. 11. Device according to claim 1, wherein each refractory body is supported mechanically by the cooling pipes to which it is brazed. 12. Devices according to claim 1, wherein the at least one refractory body has a plurality of said recesses which are of different sizes and in which a respective plurality of cooling pipes having different diameters are brazed. 13. Device according to claim 1 wherein the at least one body has the shape of an elongated strip. 14. Device according to claim 2, wherein the bodies are juxtaposed to one another with interstices therebetween, said interstices having such a configuration that thermal radiation from a heat source to be shielded is unable to pass in a straight line through the interstices. 15. Device according to claim 8, wherein cooling pipes brazed to the respective at least one body are each composed of a metal having essentially the same coefficient of thermal expansion as the refractory material and are each connected with a coolant conduit made of another material. 16. Device according to claim 1 wherein the refractory material is selected from the group consisting of graphite, a carbide, and beryllium. 17. Device according to claim 1, wherein the refractory material is selected from the group consisting of graphite, SiC, TiC, B.sub.4 C, and beryllium. 18. Device according to claim 1, wherein each respective body of refractory material has the form of a solid block.