Patent Number: 
Section: claims

1. An X-ray apparatus for deriving X-ray absorbing information and X-ray phase information of an object to be detected comprising:a splitting element for splitting spatially X-rays generated by an X-ray generator into X-ray beams;a detector unit for detecting intensities of the X-rays, based on the X-rays split by said splitting element and transmitted through the object, the intensity of the X-rays changing according to an X-ray phase shift during the transmitting of the X-rays through the object, and also changing according to an X-ray position change; anda calculating unit for calculating an X-ray transmittance image as the X-ray absorbing information, and an X-ray differential phase contrast image or an X-ray phase shift contrast image as the X-ray phase information by using the intensities of the X-rays, whereinsaid splitting element forms X-ray beams by splitting the X-rays, and the X-ray beams have two or more widths at said detector unit,said calculating unit calculates the X-ray absorbing information and the X-ray phase information, based on a changing, in correlation between the changing of the phase of the X-rays and the changing the intensity of the X-rays in said detector unit, the correlation being changed according to the width of X-ray beam,wherein said splitting element comprises a slit array formed by line and space such that a slit width changes periodically between two or more slit widths, andwherein said slit array formed by line and space is formed by arranging alternatingly two slits of different widths. 2. The X-ray apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising an X-ray optical element arranged between said splitting element and said detector unit, and formed from an element for converting the position change quantity generated by the phase shift through the object into the intensity change of the X-rays. 3. The X-ray apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said element forming the X-ray optical element comprises a plurality of members absorbing or transmitting the X-rays arranged perpendicularly to an X-ray incident direction, and said member is formed into a triangular prism shape to have absorbing capability gradient so that an X-ray absorbing quantity or an X-ray transmitting quantity changes according to an X-ray incident position. 4. The X-ray apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said element forming the X-ray optical element comprises a plurality of shields shielding a part of the X-rays arranged perpendicularly to an X-ray incident direction, so that an area shielded by said shield changes according to an X-ray incident position. 5. The X-ray apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising an optical element arranged between said splitting element and said detector unit,wherein an element forming said optical element comprises a plurality of phosphors sensing the X-rays arranged perpendicularly to an X-ray incident direction, to have a light emitting quantity gradient so that the light emitting quantity of the phosphor changes according to an X-ray incident position. 6. The X-ray apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising an optical element arranged between said splitting element and said detector unit,wherein an element forming the optical element comprises a plurality of optical filters arranged perpendicularly to an X-ray incident direction, so that a light transmittance of said filters changes according to an X-ray incident position. 7. The X-ray apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said calculating unit calculates the X-ray transmittance image and the X-ray phase shift image of the object, under an assumption that the X-rays being transmitted to said elements forming said X-ray optical element and being adjacent to each other contain information of the same position of the object. 8. The X-ray apparatus according to claim 1, further comprisingan optical element comprising a plurality of elements arranged between said splitting element and said detector unit, whereinsaid calculating unit calculates the X-ray transmittance image and the X-ray position change of the object, under an assumption that the X-rays being transmitted to elements forming the X-ray optical element and being adjacent to each other contain information of the same position of the object. 9. An X-ray apparatus for deriving X-ray absorbing information and X-ray phase information of an object to be detected comprising:a splitting element for splitting spatially X-rays generated by an X-ray generator into X-ray beams;a detector unit for detecting intensities of the X-rays, based on the X-rays split by said splitting element and transmitted through the object, the intensity of the X-rays changing according to an X-ray phase shift during the transmitting of the X-rays through the object, and also changing according to an X-ray position change;a calculating unit for calculating an X-ray transmittance image as the X-ray absorbing information, and an X-ray differential phase contrast image or an X-ray phase shift contrast image as the X-ray phase information by using the intensities of the X-rays; andan X-ray optical element arranged between said splitting element and said detector unit, and formed from an element for converting the position change quantity generated by the phase shift through the object into the intensity change of the X-rays, whereinsaid splitting element forms X-ray beams by splitting the X-rays, and the X-ray beams have two or more widths at said detector unit,said calculating unit calculates the X-ray absorbing information and the X-ray phase information, based on a changing, in correlation between the changing of the phase of the X-rays and the changing the intensity of the X-rays in said detector unit, the correlation being changed according to the width of X-ray beam, anda plurality of the elements each forming the X-ray optical element include a first element and a second element, and said calculating unit calculates the X-ray transmittance image and the X-ray position change of the object according to following mathematical expressions:                    I        ⁢                                  ⁢                  1          ′                            A        ⁢                                  ⁢        I        ⁢                                  ⁢        1              =                            a          1                ⁢        d            +              b        1                                I        ⁢                                  ⁢                  2          ′                            A        ⁢                                  ⁢        I        ⁢                                  ⁢        2              =                            a          2                ⁢        d            +              b        2            whereI1 is an intensity of X-rays being transmitted through the first element when the object is not arranged between the X-ray generator and the detector unit,I2 is an intensity of X-rays being transmitted through the second element when the object is not arranged between the X-ray generator and the detector unit,I1′ is an intensity of X-rays being transmitted through the first element when the object is arranged between the X-ray generator and the detector unit,I2′ is an intensity of X-rays being transmitted through the second element when the object is arranged between the X-ray generator and the detector unit,A is X-ray transmittance,d is X-ray position moving quantity,a1 and b1 are constants determined based on a relation between the X-ray intensity ratio and the X-ray position moving quantity of the width of the X-ray incident in the first element, anda2 and b2 are constants determined based on a relation between the X-ray intensity ratio and the X-ray position moving quantity of the width of the X-ray incident in the second element. 10. An X-ray apparatus for deriving X-ray absorbing information and X-ray phase information of an object to be detected comprising:a splitting element for splitting spatially X-rays generated by an X-ray generator into X-ray beams;a detector unit for detecting intensities of the X-rays, based on the X-rays split by said splitting element and transmitted through the object, the intensity of the X-rays changing according to an X-ray phase shift during the transmitting of the X-rays through the object, and also changing according to an X-ray position change;a calculating unit for calculating an X-ray transmittance image as the X-ray absorbing information, and an X-ray differential phase contrast image or an X-ray phase shift contrast image as the X-ray phase information by using the intensities of the X-rays; andan optical element arranged between said splitting element and said detector unit, and including a first element and a second element, and wherein said calculating unit calculates the X-ray transmittance image and the X-ray position change of the object according to following mathematical expressions:                    I        ⁢                                  ⁢                  1          ′                            A        ⁢                                  ⁢        I        ⁢                                  ⁢        1              =                            a          1                ⁢        d            +              b        1                                I        ⁢                                  ⁢                  2          ′                            A        ⁢                                  ⁢        I        ⁢                                  ⁢        2              =                            a          2                ⁢        d            +              b        2            whereI1 is an intensity of the X-rays being transmitted through the first element when the object is not arranged between the X-ray generator and the detector unit,I2 is an intensity of the X-rays being transmitted through the second element when the object is not arranged between the X-ray generator and the detector unit,I1′ is an intensity of the X-rays being transmitted through the first element when the object is arranged between the X-ray generator and the detector unit,I2′ is an intensity of the X-rays being transmitted through the second element when the object is arranged between the X-ray generator and the detector unit,A is X-ray transmittance,d is X-ray position moving quantity,a1 and b1 are constants determined based on a relation between the X-ray intensity ratio and the X-ray position moving quantity of the width of the X-ray beam incident on the first element, anda2 and b2 are constants determined based on a relation between the X-ray intensity ratio and the X-ray position moving quantity of the width of the X-ray beam incident in the second element, whereinsaid splitting element forms X-ray beams by splitting the X-rays, and the X-ray beams have two or more widths at said detector unit, andsaid calculating unit calculates the X-ray absorbing information and the X-ray phase information, based on a changing, in correlation between the changing of the phase of the X-rays and the changing the intensity of the X-rays in said detector unit, the correlation being changed according to the width of X-ray beam. 11. The X-ray apparatus according to claim 10, wherein said splitting element comprises a slit array formed by line and space such that a slit width changes periodically between two or more slit widths. 12. The X-ray apparatus according to claim 11, wherein said slit array formed by line and space is formed by arranging alternatingly two slits of different widths.