Patent Number: 
Section: claims

1. A sample inspection apparatus for inspecting a wafer carrying an insulator on a surface of the wafer, the apparatus comprising:a sample stage to hold a sample to be inspected;a first electron optical system to direct to the sample an area electron beam that is formed to spread over a two-dimensional area of the sample;means for applying a voltage to the sample thus forming a surface potential on the sample to reflect the directed area electron beam without reaching to the sample;an image detection unit to detect the reflected area electron beam and to form a first image according to a potential distribution of the sample;an image processing unit to detect a defect existing in the first sample by analyzing information of the potential distribution based on the obtained first image, and to record a position of the defect;a second electron optical system to obtain a scanning electron microscopic (SEM) image by irradiating the recorded position of the defect with an electron probe beam configured to scan the sample with respect to the recorded position of the defect and detecting a secondary generated charged particle; anda pre-charge control unit for controlling a charged state of the sample prior to the first image being formed, wherein said charged state of the sample is controlled to reflect a potential distortion between a potential at a normal portion in the sample and a potential at a faulty portion in the sample, and wherein said pre-charge control unit includes an electron gun to irradiate an electron beam along an optical axis separated from respective optical axes of said first and said second electron optical systems to the sample, and a grid arranged between the electron gun and the sample to control said charged state of the sample due to the voltage applied to the grid. 2. A sample inspection apparatus for inspecting a wafer carrying an insulator on a surface of the wafer, the apparatus comprising:a sample stage to hold a sample to be inspected;a first electron optical system to direct to the sample an area electron beam that is formed to spread over a two-dimensional area of the sample;means for generating an electric field so that the directed area electron beam is reflected in a vicinity of the sample;a second electron optical system to form a first image according to a potential distribution of an area that the area electron beam is directed;means for detecting the first image in a form of an image signal;means for processing the image signal to detect a position of a defect existing in the electron beam irradiated area;a third electron optical system to obtain a scanning electron microscopic (SEM) image by irradiating the detected defect position with an electron probe beam configured to scan the sample with respect to the detected defect position and detecting a secondary generated charged particle; anda pre-charge control unit for controlling a charged state of the sample prior to the first image being formed, wherein said charged state of the sample is controlled to reflect a potential distortion between a potential at a normal portion in the sample and a potential at a faulty portion in the sample, and wherein said pre-charge control unit includes an electron gun to irradiate an electron beam along an optical axis separated from respective optical axes of said first, said second, and said third electron optical systems to the sample, and a grid arranged between the electron gun and the sample to control said charged state of the sample due to the voltage applied to the grid. 3. A sample inspection apparatus for inspecting a wafer carrying an insulator on a surface of the wafer, the apparatus comprising:a sample stage to hold a sample to be inspected;an illumination optical system to direct to the sample an area electron beam;means for generating an electric field so that at least a portion of the directed electron beam is reflected without impacting the sample;an imaging optical system to detect the reflected electron beam so as to form a first image corresponding to a potential distribution of the irritated area;means for detecting the first image as an image signal;means for processing the image signal to detect a position of a defect existing in the sample;an electron optical system to obtain a scanning electron microscopic (SEM) image by irradiating the detected defect position with an electron probe beam configured to scan the sample with respect to the detected defect position and detecting a secondary generated charged particle; anda pre-charge control unit for controlling a charged state of the sample prior to the first image being formed, wherein said charged state of the sample is controlled to reflect a potential distortion between a potential at a normal portion in the sample and a potential at a faulty portion in the sample, and wherein said pre-charge control unit includes an electron gun to irradiate an electron beam along an optical axis separated from respective optical axes of said illumination electron optical system, said imaging optical system, and said electron optical system to the sample, and a grid arranged between the electron gun and the sample to control said charged state of the sample due to the voltage applied to the grid. 4. A sample inspection apparatus according to claim 1, wherein, by moving the sample stage, said sample is transferred from a first position to receive the area electron beam from the first electron optical system to a second position to receive the electron probe beam from the second electron optical system. 5. A sample inspection apparatus according to claim 2, wherein, by moving the sample stage, said sample is transferred from one position to receive the area electron beam from the first electron optical system to another position to receive the electron probe beam from the third electron optical system. 6. A sample inspection apparatus according to claim 3, wherein, by moving the sample stage, said sample is transferred from one position to receive the area electron beam by the illumination optical system to another position to receive the electron probe beam from the electron optical system. 7. A sample inspection apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said SEM image is utilized to check one pattern of wafers prior to inspection, setting of inspection conditions, and alignment in addition to observation of detected defects. 8. A sample inspection apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said SEM image is utilized to check one pattern of wafers prior to inspection, setting of inspection conditions, and alignment in addition to observation of detected defects. 9. A sample inspection apparatus according to claim 3, wherein said SEM image is utilized to check one pattern of wafers prior to inspection, setting of inspection conditions, and alignment in addition to observation of detected defects. 10. A sample inspection apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the SEM image has a resolution higher than that of the first image. 11. A sample inspection apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the image detection unit and the image processing unit are also used generate the SEM image. 12. A sample inspection apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the SEM image has a resolution higher than that of the first image. 13. A sample inspection apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the image detection unit and the image processing unit are also used generate the SEM image. 14. A sample inspection apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the SEM image has a resolution than that of the first image. 15. A sample inspection apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the image detection unit and the image processing unit are also used generate the SEM image. 16. A sample inspection apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the grid is arranged in the proximity of the surface of the sample. 17. A sample inspection apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the grid is arranged in the proximity of the surface of the sample. 18. A sample inspection apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the grid is arranged in the proximity of the surface of the sample.