Patent Number: 
Section: claims

1. A method for treating a tumor of a patient with positively charged particles, comprising the steps of:using a gantry to support a portion of a charged particle beam transport line;rotating a rotatable gantry support about a rotation axis, said rotatable gantry support connected to said gantry, wherein said step of rotating rotates said gantry and said portion of said charged particle beam transport line about the patient;providing a primary imaging system connected to a rotatable secondary support, said primary imaging system comprising:a source system element; anda detection system element;rotating said rotatable secondary support, wherein said step of rotating said rotatable secondary support rotates at least said source system element and said detection system element about the tumor;imaging the tumor, as a function of rotation position of said rotatable secondary support, using said primary imaging system, said step of imaging further comprising the step of:using said source system element and said detection system element to image the tumor, said source system element comprising at least a portion of an X-ray source system;treating the tumor, as a function of rotation position of said gantry, using the positively charged particles transported through said charged particle beam transport line;using a controller to independently rotate, about the patient: (1) said rotatable gantry support supporting said portion of said charged particle beam transport line and (2) said rotatable secondary support supporting said source system element and said detection system element of said primary imaging system;extending a first extension section of said rotatable secondary support to position a portion of a secondary source system on a first side of the patient; andextending a second extension section of said rotatable secondary support to position a portion of a secondary detection system on a second side of the patient. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of:during said step of imaging, treating the tumor using the positively charged particles transported along said charged particle beam transport line. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising the steps of:providing a patient support;positioning the patient on said patient support;after said step of imaging, translating said patient support, while supporting the patient, along the rotation axis;said step of translating moving the tumor into a treatment beamline of the positively charged particles; andtreating the tumor using the positively charged particles, said treatment beamline passing from an accelerator, through an exit nozzle, and into the tumor. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of:imaging the tumor as a function of extension position of said second extension section, said secondary detection system comprising a detector system sub-component of a positron emission tomography system. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising the step of:using tomographic reconstruction to generate a three dimensional image of the tumor using: (1) output of an X-ray detector system linked to said X-ray source system and (2) output of said positron emission tomography system. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of:concurrent with use of said X-ray source system, collecting at least one tomogram of the tumor using the positively charged particle beam, a scintillation material, and a scintillation detector. 7. The method of claim 6, said scintillation detector comprising:a first two-dimensional detector array comprising a detection face; anda second two-dimensional detector array comprising a detection surface, said detection face and said detection surface defining an angle of ten to one hundred seventy degrees. 8. An apparatus for treating a tumor of a patient with positively charged particles, comprising:a portion of a charged particle beam transport line supported by a gantry;a rotatable gantry support, rotatable about a rotation axis, connected to said gantry, wherein rotation of said rotatable gantry support rotates said gantry and said portion of said charged particle beam transport line about the patient during use; anda primary imaging system comprising a source system element and a detection system element, said primary imaging system connected to a rotatable secondary support, wherein rotation of said rotatable secondary support rotates at least said source system element and said detection system element about the tumor during use, said rotatable secondary support further comprising:an alternately extendable and retractable first side rail attached to said rotatable secondary support; andan alternately extendable and retractable second side rail attached to a rotationally opposite side of said rotatable secondary support from said first side rail,said source system element attached to said first side rail,said detection system element attached to said second side rail, andsaid rotatable gantry support configured to circumferentially rotate said first side rail and said second side rail around the patient during use at both a first extension position and a second extension position of said first side rail and said second side rail,wherein said primary imaging system images the tumor, as a function of rotation of said rotatable secondary support, during use,wherein the positively charged particles, passing through said charged particle beam transport line, treat the tumor as a function of rotation position of said gantry during use. 9. The apparatus of claim 8, said rotatable secondary support comprising:a first rail connected to said source system element; anda second rail connected to said detection system element. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, further comprising:a portion of said rotatable secondary support positioned inside said rotatable gantry support. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, said first rail connected to and co-rotatable with said rotatable gantry support, said second rail connected to and co-rotatable with said rotatable gantry support. 12. The apparatus of claim 9, said first rail connected to said rotatable secondary support, said second rail connected to said rotatable secondary support, said rotatable gantry support and said rotatable secondary support independently rotatable. 13. The apparatus of claim 9, said rotatable secondary support further comprising:a tertiary imaging support axis translatable along the rotation axis. 14. The apparatus of claim 8, further comprising:a vertically translatable support;said detection system element of said primary imaging system connected to said translatable support, said vertically translatable support configured to move said detection system element. 15. The apparatus of claim 14, said detection element comprising an element of a positron emission tomography system.