Patent Number: 
Section: claims

1. A method for filling with water and emptying air from a primary circuit of a water-cooled nuclear reactor, following a shutdown of the reactor, the primary circuit comprising a vessel configured to be filled with water and to receive nuclear fuel, and additionally comprising at least one cooling loop configured to draw water from the vessel, transfer heat to a steam generator, and return the cooled water to the vessel each steam generator being connected to a first side opening in the vessel by a first fluid circuit for outflowing water and to a second side opening in the vessel by a second fluid circuit for inflowing water, a pair of the first and second side openings being associated with each cooling loop,wherein the method comprises the steps of:a) adjusting the water level in the vessel to a first level, at which each cooling loop is vented by at least one of the first and second associated side openings;b) placing in the vessel a connection and fluid isolation device configured to connect to one of the first and second fluid circuits of each cooling loop in order to substantially isolate said one of the first and second fluid circuits relative to the interior of the vessel;c) injecting water into at least one cooling loop in the one of the first and second fluid circuits of the at least one cooling loop to which the connection and fluid isolation device is connected, at a flow rate intended to fill said cooling loop with water while expelling the air from the steam generator;d) stopping said water injection when the water flowing into the vessel from each cooling loop has raised the water level to a second level at which all of the first and second side openings of the vessel are completely immersed; ande) removing the connection and fluid isolation device. 2. The method according to claim 1, applied in a nuclear reactor in which the primary circuit comprises a plurality of N cooling loops connected to the vessel, wherein the connection and fluid isolation device put in place in step b) is configured for connecting to a group of N side openings of the vessel among a first group of N first side openings and a second group of N second side openings. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the connection and fluid isolation device is configured so that in step c) the water injected into the fluid circuit flows towards at least one other fluid circuit of the same type, passing through the inside of the connection and fluid isolation device. 4. The method according to claim 2, wherein in step b) the connection and fluid isolation device is connected to each said first side opening of the vessel. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein in step c) the injection of water into the N cooling loops occurs from a single injection circuit. 6. A connection and fluid isolation device intended for implementing the water filling and air emptying method according to claim 2, comprising:a positioning and guidance system comprising at least two telescoping legs configured for positioning in a fixed manner relative to a vessel of a nuclear reactor;a central housing supported by the positioning and guidance system and able to be moved with the latter in a substantially vertical direction so as to be lowered into the vessel; andN telescoping connection elements mounted on said central housing such that each can face a corresponding side opening of a group of N side openings of the vessel, each telescoping connection element being deployable for connection to said corresponding side opening. 7. The connection and fluid isolation device according to claim 6, wherein several telescoping connection elements each comprise an inner channel allowing the passage of fluid between said corresponding side opening and an inside space of the central housing. 8. The connection and fluid isolation device according to claim 6, wherein it comprises a common actuating mechanism arranged inside said central housing and configured to actuate together the N telescoping connection elements. 9. The connection and fluid isolation device according to claim 8, wherein said common actuation mechanism comprises a rotationally controlled hub connected to the N telescoping connection elements by rods, each rod being hinged on the hub and on a translationally movable component of a telescoping element. 10. The connection and fluid isolation device according to claim 9, wherein said hub is rotationally secured to an actuating rod traversing the central housing in a fluid-tight manner, said actuating rod being rotated by a control means supported by the positioning and guidance system. 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the injection of water in step c) is performed by a safety injection circuit connected to said fluid circuit and is able to inject water in case of water loss in the primary circuit during operation of the nuclear reactor. 12. The method according to claim 1, wherein a connection and fluid isolation device is used that is configured to substantially seal at least one side opening associated with a fluid circuit to which the device is connected. 13. The method according to claim 1, applied to the primary circuit in which the steam generator comprises a plurality of tubes for transporting water which each comprise two vertical tube portions connected to each other in a hairpin shape, wherein in step c) the injection of water is performed at a flow rate greater than or equal to a predetermined flow rate sufficient to ensure that in all tubes of each steam generator the water rises in a first of the two vertical tube portions and descends in the second vertical tube portion while expelling the air from the tube.