Patent Number: 
Section: claims

1. An x-ray projection exposure apparatus, comprising: a chuck for holding an object, said chuck comprising a glass;  an optical system for directing X-rays irradiated from an X-ray source to the object held by said chuck, said system including a plurality of mirrors each of which has a curved reflecting surface; and  a temperature control system controlling the temperature of the object held by said chuck. 2. An apparatus according to  claim 1 , further comprising a vacuum or a reduced-pressure environment in which said chuck is arranged to operate. claim 1 3. An apparatus according to  claim 1 , wherein said chuck comprises one of a SiC ceramic and a SiN ceramic. claim 1 4. An apparatus according to  claim 1 , wherein an area of contact portions of said chuck is set so that the contact portions area of the chuck is at most 10% of the area of the object held by the chuck. claim 1 5. An apparatus according to  claim 1 , wherein said temperature control system controls the temperature of the object held by the chuck by supplying cooling gas to a void formed between the object and said chuck. claim 1 6. An apparatus according to  claim 1 , further comprising detection means for monitoring the holding power of said chuck. claim 1 7. An apparatus according to  claim 1 , wherein said chuck is an electrostatic chuck. claim 1 8. A device manufacturing method using an x-ray projection exposure apparatus that includes (i) a chuck for holding an object, the chuck including a glass, (ii) an optical system for directing X-rays irradiated from an X-ray source to the object held by the chuck, the optical system including a plurality of mirrors each of which has a curved reflecting surface, and (iii) a temperature control system controlling the temperature of the object held by the chuck, said method comprising the steps of: holding the object by the chuck;  controlling the temperature of the object by the temperature control system; and  directing X-rays to the object using the optical system, to produce a device. 9. An X-ray projection exposure apparatus, comprising: a chuck for holding an object, said chuck comprising a ceramic or a glass;  an optical system for directing X-rays irradiated from an X-ray source to the object held by said chuck, said system including a plurality of mirrors each of which has a curved reflecting surface; and  a temperature control system controlling the temperature of the object held by said chuck,  wherein, an area of contacting portions of said chuck is set so that the contact portions area of the chuck is at most 10% of the area of the object held by the chuck. 10. A device manufacturing method using an X-ray projection exposure apparatus that includes (i) a chuck for holding an object, the chuck including a ceramic or a glass, (ii) an optical system for directing X-rays irradiated from an X-ray source to the object held by said chuck, the optical system including a plurality of mirrors each of which has a curved reflecting surface, and (iii) a temperature control system controlling the temperature of the object held by the chuck, wherein an area of contacting portions of said chuck is set so that the contact portions area of the chuck is at most 10% of the area of the object held by the chuck, said method comprising the steps of: holding the object by the chuck;  controlling the temperature of the object by the temperature control system; and  directing X-rays to the object using the optical system to produce a device.