Patent Number: 056065825
Section: claims

1. Automatic uncoupling device between the pommel (18) of an absorber cluster (6) for introduction into the fuel elements (8) of the core (7) of a pressurized water nuclear reactor and a control rod (5) transmitting to the absorber cluster (6) movements induced by a control mechanism (4) located in a tight enclosure placed above the sealing cover (2) of the reactor vessel (1), said uncoupling device incorporating an attachment head (37), a mobile locking member (32), able to occupy a locked state and an unlocked state and whereof an axial displacement leads to a change of state, and a thermal module, characterized in that the thermal module deforms axially under the effect of the temperature and is placed between the attachment head (37) and the locking member (32) in order to form an assembly mobile in the axial direction and comprising a tight, water-filled bellows (35) and the attachment head (37) comprises at least one radial attachment finger (47) projecting by means of a small spring (48) and sliding within a cylinder (49) fitted in the sheath (28) of the control rod (5), said cylinder having an internal portion and from top to bottom a chamfered widening (53), as well as an axial notch (54) having a U-shaped section over part of its height, in order to receive the attachment finger (47), a second spring (44) placed above the attachment head (37) and tending to permanently push downwards so that the absorber cluster (6) is automatically uncoupled in the case of a reduction in the temperature of the water of the reactor vessel (1) below a first given temperature, the attachment finger (47) then abutting in the axial notch (54) and the locking member (32) rising under the effect of the shortening of the bellows (35), due to the contraction of the water to the upper position permitting the radial engagement of the balls (31) in the annular groove (30) of the locking member (32), the recoupling of the control rod (5) with the pommel (18) of the absorber cluster (6) taking place when a pressure is exerted on the top of the control rod (5), the latter firstly being downwardly displaced by a height equal to the axial portion (64a) of the slot (64) of the cylinder (49) and then, under the action of the helical portion (64b) of the slot (64) on the guide pin (51) rotating the cylinder (49) by a fraction of a turn freeing the attachment finger (47) from the U-shaped notch (54), thus permitting a downward displacement of the assembly of the attachment head (37) of the thermal module of the locking member (32). 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the locking member (32) is a sliding, cylindrical member, fitted coaxially in the sheath (28) of the control rod (5), said locking member (32) having an annular locking groove (33) which can be located in front of the balls (31) placed in the sheath (28) of the control rod (5) when the locking member (32) is in an upper position, the balls (31) being received in radial, truncated cone-shaped recesses (30) in the bottom of the sheath (28), whose thickness is less than the diameter of the balls (31), said radial recesses (30) being shaped so as to prevent a radial, outwardly directed escape of the balls (31). 3. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises an extractor tube (57) mounted in sliding manner on the lower end of the sheath (28) and pushed downwards by a third spring (58) sufficiently stiff to raise the control rod (5), the extractor tube (57) having in its upper portion a slot (64) with an axial portion (64a) followed by a helical portion (64b) and which, by sliding on a guide pin (51) integral with the cylinder (49), guides the displacement of the cylinder (49). 4. Device according to claim 3, characterized in that the sheath (28) of the control rod (5) has, level with the guide pin (51), a horizontal slot (52) authorizing the rotation by a fraction of a turn of the cylinder (49) with respect to the control rod (5), thus permitting the freeing of the attachment finger (47) from the U-shaped, inner notch (54) and consequently the free, downward displacement of the attachment head (37). 5. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a barometric module (100) positioned below the lower end of the locking member (32) and which is subdivided into two sections (32a, 32b) interconnected by a fourth spring (74), whose displacement is limited by a guide and stop pin system (79) and an axial slot (80), said barometric module (100) being maintained under vacuum and axially deforming as a function of the pressure variations prevailing in the reactor vessel (1) bringing about a change of state of the locking member (32). 6. Device according to claim 5, characterized in that the barometric module (100) is constituted by a lower base (76) surmounted by an axial bush (75), an upper cap (77) covering the axial bush (75), a metal bellows (78) tightly connecting the bush (75) and the cap (77) and a fifth spring (81) placed within the bush (75).