Patent Number: 
Section: claims

1. residual heat removal ventilation system for spent fuel dry storage facility of nuclear power plant, characterized in that it is disposed in a spent fuel building, and the spent fuel building comprises a storeroom, an operating room, and a ventilation equipment room sequentially arranged from bottom to top; a ventilation heat shield cylinder is disposed in each silo of the storeroom comprising a buffer storage region, a buffer storage region cold air intake chamber and a buffer storage region hot air removal chamber separated by a buffer storage region cold and hot air chamber separator are disposed at an upper part of the buffer storage region, wherein, the buffer storage region hot air removal chamber is located above the buffer storage region cold air intake chamber;a buffer storage region cold air pipe is connected to an upper part of the buffer storage region cold air intake chamber, the buffer storage region cold air pipe extends from the operating room to the ventilation equipment room, and a buffer storage region cold air inlet connected with the buffer storage region cold air pipe is disposed on the wall of the operating room, such that cold air enters into the buffer storage region cold air intake chamber from the buffer storage region cold air pipe, enters into a cold air channel of silos of the buffer storage region through the buffer storage region cold air intake chamber, enters into the ventilation heat shield cylinder from an air inlet of the ventilation heat shield cylinder, and enters into the buffer storage region hot air removal chamber through an air outlet of the ventilation heat shield cylinder; a buffer storage region first heat removal pipe is connected to an upper part of the buffer storage region hot air removal chamber, the buffer storage region first heat removal pipe extends from the operating room to the ventilation equipment room, and connect with a buffer storage region ventilation heat removal vent on the top of the ventilation equipment room through a first air valve;a buffer storage region second heat removal pipe, an air cooling equipment, a buffer storage region heat removal fan and a bypass air pipe are disposed in the ventilation equipment room; the buffer storage region second heat removal pipe, the air cooling equipment, and the bypass air pipe are connected in parallel with the buffer storage region first heat removal pipe respectively; the buffer storage region second heat removal pipe is connected with the buffer storage region ventilation heat removal vent through a second air valve; a third air valve and a fourth air valve are connected to the inlets of the air cooling equipment and the bypass air pipe respectively, the outlets of the air cooling equipment and the bypass air pipe are both connected into an inlet of the buffer storage region heat removal fan, and an outlet of the buffer storage region heat removal fan is connected to the buffer storage region first heat removal pipe and the buffer storage region second heat removal pipe through a fifth air valve and a sixth air valve respectively. 2. The residual heat removal ventilation system for spent fuel dry storage facility of nuclear power plant of claim 1, characterized in that the storeroom further comprises a second-period intermediate storage region isolated from the buffer storage region, a second-period intermediate storage region cold air intake chamber and a second-period intermediate storage region hot air removal chamber, which are separated by a second-period intermediate storage region cold and hot air chamber separator, are disposed at an upper part of the second-period intermediate storage region, and the second-period intermediate storage region hot air removal chamber is located above the second-period intermediate storage region cold air intake chamber;a second-period intermediate storage region cold air pipe is connected to an upper part of the second-period intermediate storage region cold air intake chamber, the second-period intermediate storage region cold air pipe extends from the operating room to the ventilation equipment room, and a the second-period intermediate storage region cold air inlet connected with the second-period intermediate storage region cold air pipe is disposed on the wall of the operating room, such that cold air enters into the second-period intermediate storage region cold air intake chamber through the second-period intermediate storage region cold air pipe, enters into a cold air channel of silos of the second-period intermediate storage region through the second-period intermediate storage region cold air intake chamber, enters into the ventilation heat shield cylinder from an air inlet of the ventilation heat shield cylinder, and enters into the second-period intermediate storage region hot air removal chamber through an air outlet of the ventilation heat shield cylinder; a second-period intermediate storage region heat removal pipe is connected to an upper part of the second-period intermediate storage region hot air removal chamber, the second-period intermediate storage region heat removal pipe extends from the operating room to the ventilation equipment room, and connect with a second-period intermediate storage region ventilation heat removal vent on the top of the ventilation equipment room through a seventh air valve. 3. The residual heat removal ventilation system for spent fuel dry storage facility of nuclear power plant of claim 2, characterized in that the storeroom further comprises several first-period intermediate storage regions separated from the buffer storage region and the second-period intermediate storage region;a first-period intermediate storage region cold air intake chamber and a first-period intermediate storage region hot air removal chamber separated by a first-period intermediate storage region cold and hot air chamber separator are disposed at an upper part of the first-period intermediate storage region, and the first-period intermediate storage region hot air removal chamber is located above the first-period intermediate storage region cold air intake chamber; a first-period intermediate storage region cold air pipe is connected to an upper part of the first-period intermediate storage region cold air intake chamber, the first-period intermediate storage region cold air pipe extends from the operating room to the ventilation equipment room, and a first-period intermediate storage region cold air inlet connected with the first-period intermediate storage region cold air pipe is disposed on the wall of the operating room, such that cold air enters into the first-period intermediate storage region cold air intake chamber through the first-period intermediate storage region cold air pipe, enters into a cold air channel of silos of the first-period intermediate storage region through the first-period intermediate storage region cold air intake chamber, enters into the ventilation heat shield cylinder from an air inlet of the ventilation heat shield cylinder, and enters into the first-period intermediate storage region hot air removal chamber through an air outlet of the ventilation heat shield cylinder; a first-period intermediate storage region heat removal first pipe is connected to an upper part of the first-period intermediate storage region hot air removal chamber, the first-period intermediate storage region heat removal first pipe extends from the operating room to the ventilation equipment room, and connect with a first-period intermediate storage region ventilation heat removal vent on the top of the ventilation equipment room through an eighth air valve;a first-period intermediate storage region heat removal second pipe, a first-period intermediate storage region heat removal fan and a ventilation pipe are disposed in the ventilation equipment room; the first-period intermediate storage region heat removal second pipe and the ventilation pipe are connected in parallel with the buffer storage region first heat removal pipe, respectively; the first-period intermediate storage region heat removal second pipe is connected with the first-period intermediate storage region ventilation heat removal vent through a ninth air valve; the ventilation pipe is connected with the first-period intermediate storage region heat removal fan, and an outlet of the first-period intermediate storage region heat removal fan is connected to the first-period intermediate storage region heat removal first pipe through a tenth air valve and to the first-period intermediate storage region heat removal second pipe through an eleventh air valve. 4. The residual heat removal ventilation system for dry storage of spent fuel of nuclear power plant of claim 3, characterized in that the buffer storage region heat removal fan and the first-period intermediate storage region heat removal fan both comprise two working heat removal fans and one backup heat removal fan. 5. The residual heat removal ventilation system for spent fuel dry storage facility of nuclear power plant of claim 3, characterized in that the buffer storage region is separated from the first-period intermediate storage region by a first partition, and the first-period intermediate storage region is separated from the second-period intermediate storage region by a second partition. 6. The residual heat removal ventilation system for spent fuel dry storage facility of nuclear power plant of claim 3, characterized in that the number of the buffer storage region cold air inlet, the second-period intermediate storage region cold air inlet, the first-period intermediate storage region cold air inlet, the buffer storage region ventilation heat removal vent, the second-period intermediate storage region ventilation heat removal vent and the first-period intermediate storage region ventilation heat removal vent is multiple. 7. The residual heat removal ventilation system for spent fuel dry storage facility of nuclear power plant of claim 3, characterized in that an operating room roof is disposed at the top of the operating room, and a supporting beam is disposed below the operating room roof; the buffer storage region cold air pipe, the buffer storage region first heat removal pipe, the buffer storage region second heat removal pipe, the first-period intermediate storage region cold air pipe, the first-period intermediate storage region heat removal first pipe, the first-period intermediate storage region heat removal second pipe, the second-period intermediate storage region cold air pipe and the second-period intermediate storage region heat removal pipe are all disposed at the same side, wherein, the buffer storage region cold air pipe, the buffer storage region first heat removal pipe, and the buffer storage region second heat removal pipe are disposed in correspondence to the buffer storage region, the first-period intermediate storage region cold air pipe, the first-period intermediate storage region heat removal first pipe, and the first-period intermediate storage region heat removal second pipe are disposed in correspondence to the first-period intermediate storage region, and the second-period intermediate storage region cold air pipe and the second-period intermediate storage region heat removal pipe are disposed in correspondence to the second-period intermediate storage region. 8. The residual heat removal ventilation system for spent fuel dry storage facility of nuclear power plant of claim 1, characterized in that a silo mouth floorslab is disposed at the top of the storeroom, a silo mouth corresponding to each silo is disposed on the silo mouth floorslab, and each of the silo mouth is provided with a silo plug accordingly; a bottom extremity of the ventilation heat shield cylinder is fixed on the floor of the spent fuel building, and a top of the ventilation heat shield cylinder extends to the outlet of the silo under silo mouth floorslab; an air inlet of the ventilation heat shield cylinder is arranged circumferentially along the bottom of the ventilation heat shield cylinder; the silo guide-rails extending from the floor of the spent fuel building to the silo mouth floorslab are fixed with the internal side of the ventilation heat shield cylinder, the silo guide-rails are used for the guidance of the storage canister in the hoisting process, and the silo guide-rails are fixed to the silo outer wall by lateral supporting; and the ventilation heat shield cylinder and the silo guide-rails are both segmented. 9. The residual heat removal ventilation system for spent fuel dry storage facility of nuclear power plant of claim 1, characterized in that multilayer anti-seismic floorslabs are disposed between the silos and the outer wall of the spent fuel building. 10. The residual heat removal ventilation system for spent fuel dry storage facility of nuclear power plant of claim 1, characterized in that a temperature measuring room and a transport room are disposed between the spent fuel storeroom and the spent fuel building outer wall; the temperature measuring room is located under the ground, and the transport room is located above the ground; several through-wall storage canister temperature measuring apparatuses are disposed on internal wall of the temperature measuring room and the transport room.