Patent Number: 
Section: claims

1. A projection imaging electron microscope, comprising:an electron beam source for illuminating a sample surface of a sample with an electron beam to generate a signal electron beam from the sample; anda projection image focusing optical system for forming an image of the sample surface on a detection surface of a detector, the projection image focusing optical system comprising an electromagnetic prism to direct the signal electron beam, a zoom lens, and a relay optical system provided between the zoom lens and the electromagnetic prism;wherein an aperture diaphragm, which determines an opening angle of the projection image focusing optical system, is disposed inside of the relay optical system and at a position of a second crossover of the signal electron beam in the projection image focusing optical system as counted from the sample surface. 2. The projection imaging electron microscope according to claim 1, wherein a diaphragm with a size that does not block an effective range of the illuminating electron beam and that does not block the signal electron beam passing through the aperture diaphragm of the projection image focusing optical system, is disposed at a first crossover position of the signal electron beam in the projection image focusing optical system as counted from the sample surface. 3. The projection imaging electron microscope according to claim 1, wherein a stigmator that corrects astigmatic aberration of the electromagnetic prism is disposed between the electromagnetic prism and the aperture diaphragm. 4. The projection imaging electron microscope according to claim 1, wherein the relay optical system includes a first lens which images a first intermediate image of the sample surface as a second intermediate image, and a second lens which is disposed at a position of the second intermediate image. 5. The projection imaging electron microscope according to claim 1, wherein the zoom lens consists of two lenses which are constructed to be geometrically symmetric with respect to a geometric mid-plane of the zoom lens that is perpendicular to an optical axis through the zoom lens. 6. A projection imaging electron microscope in which a sample surface is observed, comprising:an electron beam source that emits an illuminating electron beam;an electromagnetic prism;an illumination electron optical system that causes the illuminating electron beam to be incident on the electromagnetic prism;an objective electron optical system that illuminates the sample surface with the illuminating electron beam that passes through the electromagnetic prism;a detector; andan image-forming electron optical system which conducts a signal electron beam of electrons that pass from the sample surface through the electromagnetic prism to the detector, and which images a first intermediate image of the sample surface on a detection surface of the detector, the image-forming electron optical system comprising a zoom lens, and a relay optical system provided between the zoom lens and the electromagnetic prism;wherein the sample surface is illuminated with the illuminating electron beam by Koehler illumination, and the objective electron optical system is an object-side telecentric optical system; andwherein in a projection image focusing optical system, which includes the objective electron optical system, the electromagnetic prism and the image-forming optical system, and which forms an image of the sample surface on the detection surface of the detector, an aperture diaphragm, which determines an opening angle of the projection image focusing optical system, is disposed inside the relay optical system and at a position of a second crossover of the signal electron beam in the projection image focusing optical system as counted from the sample surface. 7. The projection imaging electron microscope according to claim 6, wherein a diaphragm with a size that does not block an effective range of the illuminating electron beam and that does not block the signal electron beam passing through the aperture diaphragm of the projection image focusing optical system, is disposed at a first crossover position of the signal electron beam in the projection image focusing optical system as counted from the sample surface. 8. The projection imaging electron microscope according to claim 6, wherein a stigmator that corrects astigmatic aberration of the electromagnetic prism is disposed between the electromagnetic prism and the aperture diaphragm. 9. The projection imaging electron microscope according to claim 6, wherein the relay optical system includes a first lens which images the first intermediate image of the sample surface as a second intermediate image, and a second lens which is disposed at a position of the second intermediate image. 10. The projection imaging electron microscope according to claim 6, wherein the zoom lens consists of two lenses which are constructed to be geometrically symmetric with respect to a geometric mid-plane of the zoom lens that is perpendicular to an optical axis through the zoom lens.