Patent Number: 047160080
Section: claims

1. In a pressurized water nuclear reactor having a pressure vessel and a core comprising a plurality of vertically arranged adjacent fuel assemblies arranged in a regular array, a control device including a plurality of clusters arranged for insertion into and removal from the core and each having a plurality of rods connected to a common carrier vertically slidable in a stationary guide structure and connectable to a drive shaft, said clusters comprising first clusters containing neutron absorbing material and each individually associated with electromagnetic actuation means for adjusting the amount of insertion of the associated one of said first clusters and comprising second clusters containing a different material and each individually associated with hydraulic actuation means independent from said electromagnetic actuation means and controllable to cause upward and downward movement of the associated one of said second clusters, means being provided for optionally locking and unlocking one of said second clusters in a fixed position fully removed from said core, a set of one first cluster and one second cluster being associated with some only of said fuel assemblies, with the drive shafts of the two clusters in each set being non-coaxial and being arranged symmetrically with respect to the axis of a single stationary structure located above the associated fuel assembly and arranged for authorizing mutually independent vertical movement of the first and second clusters, said guide structure including two vertical guide tubes located symmetrically with respect to and at a distance from a vertical axis of the associated fuel assembly, each constructed to guide the carrier of one of the first cluster and second cluster associated with the fuel assembly. 2. A nuclear reactor according to claim 1, wherein the electromagnetic actuation means and the hydraulic actuation means of the two clusters associated with a same one of said fuel assemblies are accomodated in parallel mutually independent elongated pressurized enclosures communication with said vessel at the lower end thereof. 3. In a nuclear reactor having a pressure vessel containing fluid under pressure and a core comprising a plurality of vertically arranged adjacent fuel assemblies immersed in the fluid contained in said vessel, a control device having a first set of clusters arranged to be guided and inserted more or less deeply into some of said fuel assemblies and a second set of clusters arranged to be inserted completely into some of said fuel assemblies during part only of the core cycle, each of said clusters comprising a bundle of rods arranged parallel to each other, vertically movable inside a guide structure, fixed to a carrier slidable along and inside a guide tube positioned within the guide structure and extended by a vertically movable drive shaft, wherein means for moving the drive shafts of the clusters of the first set are electromagnetic and wherein means for moving the drive shafts of the clusters of the second set are hydraulic,  each of said drive shafts of the clusters of the second set being movable along a fluid-tight elongated enclosure communicating with the vessel and provided with depressurization means,  and wherein means are provided for locking the drive shafts of the clusters of the second set onto the associated enclosure in a fully removed position and for unlocking it,  said device having, for one fuel assembly out of two, one cluster of the first set and one cluster of the second set whose guide tubes are non coaxial and arranged symmetrically relative to the axis of a single guide structure associated with the fuel assembly, the means for guiding and moving the two clusters beign wholly independent of each other, while the others of said fuel assemblies are devoid of associated clusters.  two pawls whose axes are fixed to a casing fixed inside said enclosure and which are capable of engaging in a groove formed in the drive shaft,  a rotatable bush fitted with two cams one of which is capable of opening the pawls and the other is capable of closing the pawls, and  means for turning the rotatable bush when the drive shaft moves axially.  wherein means for moving the drive shafts of the clusters of the first set are electromagnetic and wherein means for moving the drive shafts of the clusters of the second set are hydraulic,  each of said drive shafts of the clusters of the second set being movable along a fluid-tight elongated enclosure communicating with the vessel and provided with depressurization means,  and wherein means are provided for locking the drive shafts of the clusters of the second set onto the associated enclosure in a fully removed position and for unlocking it,  said device having, for one fuel assembly out of two, one cluster of the first set and one cluster of the second set whose guide tubes are non coaxial and arranged symmetrically relative to the axis of a single guide structure associated with the fuel assembly, the means for guiding and moving the two clusters being wholly independent of each other, while the others of said fuel assemblies are devoid of associated clusters, and  each carrier and the associated drive shaft of each of said clusters constituting a unit provided with at least one pair of slide blocks for guiding said unit inside and along the guide tube in which it moves. 4. A control device as claimed in claim 3, wherein the means for locking the drive shaft of each of the clusters of the second set in a high position and for unlocking said drive shaft consists of: 5. A control device as claimed in claim 4, wherein the means for turning the rotatable bush when the drive shaft moves axially comprises a thimble movable longitudinally, carrying studs co-operating with inclined surfaces machined in the rotatable bush and which is provided with a shoulder which a chamfered shoulder of the drive shaft abuts when the latter moves upwards. 6. In a nuclear reactor having a pressure vessel containing fluid under pressure and a core comprising a plurality of vertically arranged adjacent fuel assemblies immersed in the fluid contained in said vessel, a control device having a first set of clusters arranged to be guided and inserted more or less deeply into some of said fuel assemblies and a second set of clusters arranged to be inserted completely into said fuel assemblies during part only of the core cycle, each of said clusters comprising a bundle of rods arranged parallel to each other, vertically movable inside a guide structure, fixed to a carrier slidable along and inside a guide tube positioned within the guide structure and extended by a vertically movable drive shaft, 7. A control device as claimed in claim 6, wherein the guide structure associated with the fuel assemblies are polygonal in shape. 8. A control device as claimed in claim 6, wherein the guide tubes are held in position inside the guide structure by guide plates which are perpendicular to the axis of the guide structure and provided with at least one vertical tie rod extending along the axis of the guide structure.