Patent Number: 045129398
Section: description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION A method for manufacturing oxidic sintered nuclear fuel bodies of the type mentioned at the outset is characterized according to the invention by the features that UO.sub.2 -starting powder is used for compacting which has a specific surface in the range of 2 to 4.5 m.sup.2 /g and/or a mean crystallite diameter in the range of 80 to 250 nm, and that the heat treatment is performed in the sintering atmosphere with reducing action at a temperature in the range of 1,500.degree. C. to 1,750.degree. C. It was found that UO.sub.2 -starting powder with such a relatively small specific surface and/or such a relatively large mean crystallite diameter which is not particularly fine-pore and therefore cannot be densified easily, shows a great readiness to be densified at relatively high heat treatment temperatures if it contains rare-earth oxide such as Gd.sub.2 O.sub.3 as an admixture. A heat treatment in a sintering atmosphere with oxidizing action before or also after the heat treatment in the sintering atmosphere with the reducing action can be omitted without impairing the sintering density of the sintered nuclear fuel bodies obtained from the UO.sub.2 -starting powder. While it is customary to process UO.sub.2 -starting powder into oxidic sintered nuclear fuel bodies containing rare earth elements, it was not possible to compact this UO.sub.2 -starting powder directly and to subject it to a heat treatment for sintering purposes. The UO.sub.2 -starting powder had to be milled first in order to obtain a high sintering density of the sintered nuclear fuel bodies, forming a mean surface larger than 4.5 m.sup.2 /g and a mean crystallite diameter larger than 250 nm, then mixed with rare-earth oxide in powder form, precompacted and subsequently granulated to fluid and extrudable granulates. Only these granulates were compacted into blanks which were finally subjected to a heat treatment for sintering purposes, forming the sintered nuclear fuel bodies. Such pregranulation of the UO.sub.2 -starting powder can likewise be eliminated, in contrast thereto, in the method according to the invention. The UO.sub.2 -starting powder which can be used for the method according to the invention may be ungranulated uranium dioxide powder directly obtained by the so-called ADU method according to "Gmelin Handbuch der Anorganischen Chemie", Uranium, Supplement Volume A3, pages 99 to 101, 1981. However, ungranulated uranium dioxide powder obtained by the so-called AUC method according to "Gmelin Handbuch der Anorganischen Chemie, Urnaium, Supplement Volume A3, pages 101 to 104, 1981, can also be used if the residence times of the powder under pyrohydrolysis conditions were chosen accordingly. It is economical to hold, in the method according to the invention, the temperature of the blanks during the heat treatment for a holding period in the range of one hour to ten hours. In this time period, an optimum density of the sintered nuclear fuel bodies is obtained; a heat treatment of longer duration does not improve this density but may, under some conditions, lead to a swelling of the sintered nuclear fuel bodies. It is furthermore advantageous to heat the blanks to the temperature of the heat treatment at a heating-up rate in the range of 1.degree. C./min to 10.degree. C./min. This assures sufficient time is provided for the densification processes which begin in the blanks already in the heating-up phase. The invention and its advantages will be explained in greater detail by a comparison example and two embodiment examples: As the comparison example, ungranulated UO.sub.2 -starting powder with a specific surface of 6.6 m.sup.2 /g and a mean crystallite diameter of 30 nm, obtained by the AUC method according to the Gmelin Handbuch, was mixed with 6.5% by weight Gd.sub.2 O.sub.3 -powder and compacted into blanks with a blank density of 5.6 g/cm.sup.3. These blanks were then heated in a sintering furnace in a pure hydrogen atmosphere with reducing action at a heating-up rate of 10.degree. C./min to 1,750.degree. C. and held at this temperature for two hours. After cooling down, the sintered nuclear fuel bodies obtained from the so-treated blanks had a density of 9.81 g/cm.sup.3, which corresponds to 91.7% of their theoretically possible density. As the first embodiment example, ungranulated UO.sub.2 -starting powder prepared by the AUC method according to the Gmelin Handbuch was likewise used, which, however, had been brought through an increased residence time under pyrohydrolysis conditions to a specific surface of 5.3 m.sup.2 /g and a mean crystallite diameter of 110 nm. This ungranulated UO.sub.2 starting powder was likewise compacted, after mixing with 6.5% by weight Gd.sub.2 O.sub.3 powder, into blanks with a density of 5.6 g/cm.sup.3, which were heated up and sintered under the same conditions as in the comparison example. From the blanks treated in this manner were obtained sintered nuclear fuel bodies with a density of 10 g/cm.sup.3, i.e., 93.4% of the theoretically possible density. In a second embodiment example, UO.sub.2 -starting powder obtained by the AUC method according to the Gmelin Handbuch was again used ungranulated, the dwelling or residence time under pyrohydrolysis conditions of which, however, was so long that a specific surface of 4.4 m.sup.2 /g and a mean crystallite diameter of 140 nm was obtained. This UO.sub.2 -starting powder was mixed with 6.5% by weight Gd.sub.2 O.sub.3 -powder and compacted into blanks with a density of 5.6 g/cm.sup.3, which were subsequently subjected to the same sintering conditions as in the comparison example and the first embodiment example. The sintered nuclear fuel bodies so obtained had a density of 10.17 g/cm.sup.3, which corresponds to 95.1% of their theoretically possible density.