Patent Number: 046613137
Section: description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT FIG. 1 shows a cylindrical reinforced concrete pressure vessel 1 containing a cavity 2 to receive a high temperature reactor. The cavity 2 is provided with a liner 3 made of steel plate with a thickness of 10-20 mm, preferably 12 mm. The liner 3 comprises a cylindrical part 3a, the flat bottom liner 3b and the roof liner 3c, and two toroidal transitions 3d. A plurality of tubes 4 (not all shown) is welded to the liner on the side of the concrete, constituting the liner cooling system. The tubes 4 simultaneously serve to anchor the liner 3 in the pressure vessel 1 and their arrangement is, therefore, such that the highest possible support effect is achieved. To further anchor the liners 3, a plurality of stud shear connectors 5 is provided (not all are shown). These are welded to the liner 3 and set in the concrete of the wall of the vessel. The grid of the stud connectors is correlated with the spacing of the cooling tubes 4 and the reinforcing structure of the concrete. For reasons of antibulging security, the thickness of the liner is determined as a function of the grid. Further, stud connectors 5 are provided at the liner transition locations 3d. The radius R of stud connector 5 is chosen so that additional anchoring elements, such as claws or the like, may be eliminated. The liner 3 and the wall of the vessel contain a plurality of passages 6, each of which is lined with a steel tube 7. The steel tubes 7 are inserted through the liner 3, i.e., there are no concavities on the liner in these areas. One of the passages 6 is shown enlarged in FIG. 2. In the roof of the pressure vessel, a plurality of passages 6 is arranged for the insertion and retraction of absorber rods. In this area, the liner 3 has a thickening 8. The thickness is determined so that the security against bulging of the liner 3 is assured without additional anchoring elements. There are, therefore, no stud shear connectors in this area. In the bottom liner 3b as an example of a load anchoring and introduction a detail "X" is shown in the drawing. This detail is explained in FIG. 6. It comprises an anchor plate 9 set into the bottom liner 3b, and a plurality of stud connectors 10. As shown in FIG. 2, the steel tube 7 of the passage 6 represented therein protrudes both past the liner 3 and the wall of the vessel. The steel tube 7 is welded to the liner 3. In the area of its exit from the wall of the vessel an annular recess 11 is arranged around the steel tube 7, which is filled with a material 12 having an elasticity lower than steel. The bending stresses in the steel tube 7 are thereby reduced. Outside the reinforced concrete pressure vessel 1, the steel tube 7 is closed off with a cover 13. The anchoring of the steel tube 7 in the concrete of the wall of the vessel is effected merely by means of a plurality of stud connectors 14. Tubes 15, welded in the circumferential direction to the steel tube 7 and connected with the cooling system of the liner and additional stud connectors 22 secure the steel tube 7 against ejection. FIGS. 3, 4 and 5 show three examples of a favorable mode of handling forces at the force introduction locations. They are based on the use of stud connectors 5 of different stud rigidities. In the example shown in FIG. 3, the stud connectors 5 at the force introduction location 16 have different diameters. FIG. 4 shows that the stud connectors 5 in the area of the force introduction location 17 are of different lengths. In the force introduction location 18 shown in FIG. 5, the different rigidity of the stud connector 5 is attained by cavities 19 at the "foot" of the stud, around said connectors, wherein contact with the concrete of the pressure vessel is restricted. In the cavities 19, a soft material 20 is arranged, which may be wound around the stud 5. The cavities 19 may be staggered in their lengths as indicated in FIG. 5. In FIG. 6, an example for the introduction of a load and anchor plate 9 set into the bottom liner 3b, as shown. This plate is used to fasten a load. Here again, the liner and the anchor plate 9, respectively, are anchored merely by stud connectors 10 in the wall of the vessel. Further transmission in the concrete is effected by the reinforcing rods 21, set into the concrete between the stud connectors 10 and adjacently to them. The number of reinforcing rods 21 depends on the magnitude of the load to be introduced. In order to have the necessary space for the reinforcing rods 21 available, the length of the stud connectors 10 is determined as a function of the number of reinforcing rods 21. As seen in FIG. 6, in the case of n.sub.1 =5 reinforcing rods, a length l.sub.1 of the stud connectors is sufficient; for n.sub.2 =9 reinforcing rods, the stud connectors must have a length l.sub.2. In the variant shown in FIG. 7, the liner 23 according to the invention is composed not as heretofore of curved, but of flat plates 24 with the plates joined to each other by welding. It is, therefore, not necessary to preshape the plates and the distortion due to welding is less. FIG. 8 shows the configuration of a transition 23d from the cylindrical part of the liner 23a to the roof liners 23c. The transition again comprises a flat plate 25 welded to the plates 24 of the liner parts 23a and 23c. In place of a plate 25, the transition may consist of several flat plates (not shown). FIG. 9 shows a further possible configuration of the transition of the bottom or roof liner to the cylindrical part of the liner 26. At this transition 26d, the bottom liner 26b which comprises segments 28 and the cylindrical liner part constructed of flat plates 27 are joined directly with each other by welding. In order to avoid cross welds, a special arrangement and configuration of the plates 27 is provided. The plates 27 thus have in their center a vertical seam. The edge 29 of the seam is meeting in each case one of the weld joints 30 between the segments 28 of the bottom liner 26b. The welds 31 of the plates 27 on the other hand contact always the center of one of the segments 28.