Patent Number: 
Section: claims

1. A method of generating a safety demand signal for a nuclear power plant, the method comprisingreceiving a plurality of first sensor signals and a plurality of second sensor signals at a first division;receiving a plurality of third sensor signals and a plurality of fourth sensor signals at a second division;generating first and second data signals based on the first and second sensor signals respectively;generating third and fourth data signals based on the third and fourth sensor signals respectively;sending the first and second data signals from the first division to the second division;sending the third and fourth data signals from the second division to the first division;determining that one of the first or second sensor signals is erroneous;determining that one of the third or fourth sensor signals is erroneous;entering a limiting condition of operation to accommodate a single failure criterion non-compliant condition;changing voting logic in the first division based on the determining that either one of the first or second sensor signals is erroneous;generating a first intermediate safety demand based on the changed voting logic in the first division and at least two of the first, second, third, and fourth data signals or one of the first or second data signals;generating a second intermediate safety demand based on the changed voting logic in the first division and at least two of the first, second, third, and fourth data signals or one of the first or second data signals;generating a first final safety demand based on the first intermediate safety demand and the second intermediate safety demand; andending the limiting condition of operation when single failure criterion compliance is restored,whereinthe first final safety demand indicates that a reactor trip or engineered safety features actuation is necessary only if both the first intermediate safety demand and the second intermediate safety demand indicate that a reactor trip or engineered safety feature actuation is necessary, andthe plurality of first sensor signals, the plurality of second sensor signals, the plurality of third sensor signals, and the plurality of fourth sensor signals all measure the same system parameter. 2. The method of claim 1, whereinthe changed voting logic is two-out-of four voting with respect to the first, second, third, and fourth data signals, or one-out-of-two voting with respect to the first or second data signals when there is a signal failure that puts the plant in a single failure criterion non-compliant configuration. 3. The method of claim 1, whereinthe changed voting logic is A-out-of-B voting with respect to the first, second, third, and fourth data signals, or C-out-of-D voting with respect to the first or second data signals,B is a total number of available data signals from among the first, second, third, and fourth calculation result signals, andA is an integer equal to or lower than B,D is a total number of available data signals from among the signals originating within the same division, andC is an integer equal to or lower than D. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprisingchanging voting logic in the second division based on the determining that either one of the third or fourth sensor signals is erroneous;generating a third intermediate safety demand based on the changed voting logic in the second division and at least two of the first, second, third, and fourth data signals or one of the third or fourth data signals;generating a fourth intermediate safety demand based on the changed voting logic in the second division and at least two of the first, second, third, and fourth data signals or one of the third or fourth data signals; andgenerating a second final safety demand based on the third intermediate safety demand and the fourth intermediate safety demand; andgenerating a reactor trip or engineered safety features actuation by using one-out-of-two voting based on the first and second final safety demands from the first and second divisions, respectively. 5. The method of claim 1, whereinthe generating of the first intermediate safety demand is performed by using one-out-of-two voting between a first result of one-out-of-one voting based on one of the first and second data signals and a second result based on two-out-of-three voting with respect to three of the first, second, third, and fourth data signals. 6. The method of claim 1, whereinthe generating of the first intermediate safety demand is performed by using one-out-of-two voting between a first result of one-out-of-one voting based on one of the first and second data signals and a second result of two-out-of-two voting with respect to two of the first, second, third, and fourth data signals. 7. The method of claim 1, whereinthe generating of the first intermediate safety demand is performed in the first division,the generating of the second intermediate safety demand is performed in the first division,the first intermediate safety demand and the second intermediate safety demand are combined in subsequent two-out-of-two logic in the first division to generate a first final reactor trip or engineered safety features actuation demand, andthe first intermediate safety demand and second intermediate safety demand use logic that resides in different reactor protection processor memory locations. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprisingdelaying the first intermediate safety demand by a first delay amount prior to generating the first final reactor trip or engineered safety features actuation demand; anddelaying the second intermediate safety demand by a second delay amount prior to generating the first final reactor trip or engineered safety features actuation demand. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:energizing an energize-to-actuate shunt trip coil to activate a reactor trip breaker based at least in part on the first final reactor trip or engineered safety features actuation demand. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising:energizing the shunt trip coil and de-energizing an undervoltage coil to actuate a reactor trip breaker in the first division based on an energize-to-actuate final safety demand from the safety division. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising:providing a first watch-dog-timer in the first division, which de-energizes when a first reactor protection processor failure or first loss of power is detected within the first division,providing a second watch-dog-timer in the second division, which de-energizes when a second reactor protection processor failure or a second loss of power is detected within the second division,configuring the first and second watch-dog-timers so that they de-energize first and second undervoltage coils in first and second reactor trip breakers when both the first and second watch-dog-timers detect a reactor protection processor failure or loss of power. 12. The method of claim 1, further comprising:providing a first watch-dog-timer output at a first division reactor protection processor, the first watch-dog-timer being associated with the first division and indicating whether or not a reactor trip is required;de-energizing a de-energize-to-activate undervoltage coil to activate a reactor trip breaker based at least in part on an output of the first watch-dog-timer output. 13. The method of claim 1, further comprising:changing voting logic in the second division based on the determining that either one of the third or fourth sensor signals is erroneous;generating a third intermediate safety demand based on the changed voting logic in the second division and at least two of the first, second, third, and fourth data signals or one of the third or fourth data signals;generating a fourth intermediate safety demand based on the changed voting logic in the second division and at least two of the first, second, third, and fourth data signals or one of the third or fourth data signals;generating a second final safety demand based on the third intermediate safety demand and the fourth intermediate safety demand,wherein the second final safety demand indicates that a reactor trip or engineered safety features actuation is necessary only if both the third intermediate safety demand and the fourth intermediate safety demand indicate that a reactor trip or engineered safety features actuation is necessary. 14. The method of claim 1, whereinthe method does not employ any other divisions than the first and second divisions in determining whether a reactor trip is necessary. 15. The method of claim 1, whereinthe first division includes a first reactor trip breaker and a second reactor trip breaker, andthe first reactor trip breaker is in parallel with the second reactor trip breaker,further comprisinggenerating a first reactor trip initiation signal by the first division when both the first and second reactor trip breakers are activated. 16. The method of claim 15, whereinthe second division includes a third reactor trip breaker and a fourth reactor trip breaker, andthe third reactor trip breaker is in parallel with the fourth reactor trip breaker,further comprisinggenerating a second reactor trip initiation signal by the second division when both the third and fourth reactor trip breakers are activated. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprisinginitiating a reactor trip or engineered safety feature actuation when either the first reactor trip initiation signal is generated or the second reactor trip initiation signal is generated.