Patent Number: 052788830
Section: claims

1. A low pressure drop spacer for positioning and retaining the fuel rods of a nuclear fuel assembly, said fuel assembly being formed of a plurality of parallel elongated fuel rods, comprising: a perimeter strip which circumscribes a region within the assembly through which the fuel rods extend, the strip having an upstream edge and a downstream edge, the strip being adapted to form a plurality of first apertures positioned toward the upstream edge and a plurality of second apertures positioned toward the downstream edge;  a plurality of grid members extending within the region and arranged within the region to divide the region into a plurality of subregions, the grid members being secured to the perimeter strips; each one of the plurality of grid members having a grid upstream edge and a grid downstream edge, the grid members being adapted to form a plurality of first apertures positioned toward the upstream edge of the perimeter strip and a plurality of second apertures positioned toward the downstream edge of the perimeter strip;  a first spring fork comprising a first end strip and a plurality of parallel pairs of first spring strips secured to the first end strip, each one of the parallel pairs of first spring strips extending into the region and through a corresponding one of the plurality of first apertures in the perimeter strip and further extending through a corresponding one of the plurality of the first apertures in the grid members, the first fork positioned in a first plane extending in a first direction defined by the plurality of pairs of first spring strips;  a second spring fork comprising a second end strip and a plurality of parallel pairs of second spring strips secured to the second end strip, each one of the parallel pairs of second spring strips extending into the region and through a corresponding one of the plurality of second apertures in the perimeter strip and further extending through a corresponding one of the plurality of the second apertures in the grid members, the second fork positioned in a second plane substantially parallel to said first plane, said second plane extending in a second direction defined by said plurality of pairs of second spring strips such that the second spring fork is superposed on the first spring fork so as to form fuel rod passageways through which the fuel rods extend.  an outer channel surrounding the plurality of fuel rods for conducting coolant/moderator about the fuel rods from the bottom of the assembly toward the top of assembly;  an inner channel having at least one wall for conducting coolant/moderator through the inner channel from the bottom of the assembly toward the top of the assembly; and  at least one low pressure drop spacer for positioning and retaining the fuel rods, the spacer comprising:  a perimeter strip which circumscribes a region within the assembly through which the fuel rods extend, the strip having an upstream edge and a downstream edge, the strip being adapted to form a plurality of first apertures positioned toward the upstream edge and a plurality of second apertures positioned toward the downstream edge;  a plurality of grid members extending within the region and arranged within the region to divide the region into a plurality of subregions, the grid members being secured to the perimeter strips; each one of the plurality of grid members having a grid upstream edge and a grid downstream edge, the grid members being adapted to form a plurality of first apertures positioned toward the upstream edge of the perimeter strip and a plurality of second apertures positioned toward the downstream edge of the perimeter strip;  a first spring fork comprising a first end strip and a plurality of parallel pairs of first spring strips secured to the first end strip, each one of the parallel pairs of first spring strips extending into the region and through a corresponding one of the plurality of first apertures in the perimeter strip and further extending through a corresponding one of the plurality of the first apertures in the grid members, the first fork positioned in a first plane extending in a first direction defined by the plurality of pairs of first spring strips;  a second spring fork comprising a second end strip and a plurality of parallel pairs of second spring strips secured to the second end strip, each one of the parallel pairs of second spring strips extending into the region and through a corresponding one of the plurality of second apertures in the perimeter strip and further extending through a corresponding one of the plurality of the second apertures in the grid members, the second fork positioned in a second plane substantially parallel to said first plane, said second plane extending in a second direction defined by said plurality of pairs of second spring strips such that the second spring fork is superposed on the first spring fork so as to form fuel rod passageways through which the fuel rods extend. 2. The spacer as in claim 1 wherein the parallel pairs of first strips are provided with first spring members which act against said fuel rods within the fuel rod passageways. 3. The spacer as in claim 2 wherein the parallel pairs of second spring strips are provided with second spring members which act against said fuel rods within the fuel rod passageways. 4. The spacer as in claim 3 wherein the perimeter strip has a plurality of perimeter strip dimple pairs comprising a first perimeter dimple and a second perimeter dimple, the first perimeter dimple being positioned toward the upstream edge of the perimeter strip, and the second perimeter dimple being positioned toward the downstream edge of the perimeter strip. 5. The spacer as in claim 4 wherein the grid members have a plurality of grid member dimple pairs comprising a first grid dimple and a second grid dimple, the first grid dimple being positioned toward the upstream edge of the grid member, and the second grid dimple being positioned toward the downstream edge of the grid member. 6. The spacer as in claim 5 wherein at least one of the first perimeter dimples and second perimeter dimples and the first grid dimples and the second grid dimples is adapted to form an opening for the passage of coolant. 7. The spacer as in claim 6 having two first spring forks. 8. The spacer as in claim 6 having two second spring forks. 9. The spacer as in claim 6 having two first spring forks and two second spring forks. 10. The spacer as in claim 9 wherein each of the first spring forks has six pairs of spring strips. 11. The spacer as in claim 10 wherein each of the second spring forks has six pairs of spring strips. 12. The spacer as in claim 11 wherein each pair of spring strips is attached to the end strip at a right angle. 13. The spacer as in claim 12 wherein at least one of the first spring members and the second spring members further have convolutions which alternate in abutting and in opposite directions and which extend to form a hexagonal channel for the unobstructed flow of coolant. 14. The spacer as in claim 13 wherein each one of the parallel pairs of the first spring strips and each one of the parallel pairs of the second spring strips are secured together at alternating abutting convolutions. 15. The spacer as in claim 14 wherein the spring strips are made of a springy material. 16. The spacer as in claim 15 wherein the spring strips have cutouts. 17. The spacer as in claim 16 wherein the first end strip of the first spring fork further includes a seal means to direct coolant from outside the region through which the fuel rods extend into the region. 18. The spacer as in claim 17 wherein the second end strip of the second spring fork further includes a seal means to direct coolant from outside the region through which the fuel rods extend into the region. 19. The spacer as in claim 18 wherein the means for sealing is the first end strip which is adapted to have a contoured seal surface. 20. The spacer as in claim 19 wherein the means for sealing further includes the second end strip which is adapted to have a contoured seal surface. 21. The spacer of claim 20 wherein the perimeter strip is made of zircaloy. 22. The spacer of claim 21 wherein the grid members are made of zircaloy. 23. The spacer of claim 22 wherein the spring forks are made of Inconel. 24. A nuclear fuel assembly for boiling water reactors, the assembly having a plurality of elongated fuel rods supported between a lower tie plate positioned toward the bottom of the assembly and an upper tie plate positioned toward the top of the assembly; 25. The fuel assembly as in claim 24 wherein the parallel pairs of first strips are provided with first spring members which act against said fuel rods within the fuel rod passageways. 26. The fuel assembly as in claim 25 wherein the parallel pairs of second spring strips are provided with second spring members which act against said fuel rods within the fuel rod passageways. 27. The fuel assembly as in claim 26 wherein the perimeter strip has a plurality of perimeter strip dimple pairs comprising a first perimeter dimple and a second perimeter dimple, the first perimeter dimple being positioned toward the upstream edge of the perimeter strip, and the second perimeter dimple being positioned toward the downstream edge of the perimeter strip. 28. The fuel assembly as in claim 27 wherein the grid members have a plurality of grid member dimple pairs comprising a first grid dimple and a second grid dimple, the first grid dimple being positioned toward the upstream edge of the grid member, and the second grid dimple being positioned toward the downstream edge of the grid member. 29. The fuel assembly as in claim 28 wherein at least one of the first perimeter dimples and second perimeter dimples and the first grid dimples and the second grid dimples is adapted to form an opening for the passage of coolant. 30. The fuel assembly as in claim 29 having two first spring forks. 31. The fuel assembly as in claim 29 having two second spring forks. 32. The fuel assembly as in claim 29 having two first spring forks and two second spring forks. 33. The fuel assembly as in claim 32 wherein each of the first spring forks has six pairs of spring strips. 34. The fuel assembly as in claim 33 wherein each of the second spring forks has six pairs of spring strips. 35. The fuel assembly as in claim 34 wherein each pair of spring strips is attached to the end strip at a right angle. 36. The fuel assembly as in claim 35 wherein at least one of the first spring members and the second spring members further have convolutions which alternate in abutting and in opposite directions and which extend to form a hexagonal channel for the unobstructed flow of coolant. 37. The fuel assembly as in claim 36 wherein each one of the parallel pairs of the first spring strips and each one of the parallel pairs of the second spring strips are secured together at alternating abutting convolutions. 38. The spacer as in claim 37 wherein the spring strips are made of a springy material. 39. The spacer as in claim 38 wherein the spring strips have cutouts. 40. The fuel assembly as in claim 39 wherein the first end strip of the first spring fork further includes a first seal means to seal a flow space existing between the outer channel and the perimeter strip. 41. The fuel assembly as in claim 40 wherein the second end strip of the second spring fork further includes a second seal means to seal a flow space existing between the outer channel and the perimeter strip. 42. The fuel assembly as in claim 41 wherein the first means for sealing is a contoured surface formed from the first end strip. 43. The fuel assembly as in claim 42 wherein the second means for sealing is a contoured surface formed from the second end strip. 44. The spacer of claim 43 wherein the perimeter strip is made of zircaloy. 45. The fuel assembly of claim 44 wherein the grid members are made of zircaloy. 46. The fuel assembly of claim 45 wherein the spring forks are made of Inconel. 47. The fuel assembly as in claim 45 further including a retainer strip means for securing the at least one low pressure drop spacer to the inner channel. 48. The fuel assembly as in claim 47 wherein the retainer strip means further includes inner channel wall flow tab means extending into the region to direct liquid condensing on the inner channel walls toward the fuel rods.