Patent Number: 
Section: claims

1. An x-ray system for directing x-rays comprising: a lens system which directs said x-rays, wherein said lens system comprises at least one lens element comprising a housing with a generally enclosed interior, said interior of said housing lined with a Bragg x-ray diffraction and reflection layer and said housing does not reflect said x-rays, wherein said Bragg x-ray diffraction and reflection layer comprises a mosaic crystal comprising a curved cross section lengthwise and said mosaic crystal comprises a curved crystal plane with a differing radius from that of said curved cross section. 2. The x-ray system of  claim 1 , wherein said Bragg x-ray diffraction and reflection layer comprises a mosaic crystal. claim 1 3. The x-ray system of  claim 1 , wherein said Bragg x-ray diffraction and reflection diffracts and transmits said x-rays. claim 1 4. The x-ray system of  claim 1 , wherein said interior of said lens element comprises a widthwise circular cross section. claim 1 5. The x-ray system of  claim 1 , wherein said interior of said lens element comprises a conical cross section lengthwise. claim 1 6. The x-ray system of  claim 1 , wherein said lens system comprises a plurality of lens elements coupled coaxially. claim 1 7. The x-ray system of  claim 1 , wherein said lens system focuses said x-rays to a focal point. claim 1 8. The x-ray system of  claim 1  further comprising a beam stopper, wherein said beam stopper blocks said x-rays which are not directed towards a focusing region. claim 1 9. The x-ray system of  claim 8 , wherein said beam stopper blocks unreflected x-rays which are transmitted through said lens system. claim 8 10. An x-ray system for direting x-rays comprising: a lens system which direct said x-rays, wherein said lens system comprises at least one lens element comprising a housing with a generally enclosed interior, said interior of said housing lined with a Bragg x-ray diffraction and reflection layer;  wherein said lens system comprises a plurality of lens elements coupled along their symmetric axis and said coupled lens elements do not overlap one another in a direction perpendicular to their symmetric axis. 11. The x-ray system of  claim 10 , wherein said plurality of lens elements generally form a Johansson crystal reflecting surface. claim 10 12. An x-ray system for directing x-rays comprising: a lens system which directs said x-rays, wherein said lens system comprises at least one lens element comprising a housing with a generally enclosed interior, said interior of said housing lined with a Bragg x-ray diffraction and reflection layer and said housing does not reflect said x-rays; and  a ring-like apparatus comprising a filter medium coupled to a center of said ring-like apparatus, wherein said ring-like apparatus occludes a portion of said x-rays which are not incident upon said lens system and do not fall into a focusing region of said lens system, said filter medium filtering a portion of said x-rays which is directed to said focusing region. 13. An x-ray system for focusing x-rays comprising: a modular lens system comprising a plurality of lenses which collect said x-rays and focus said x-rays to a focal point, wherein x-ray focusing properties of said modular lens system can be varied by removing and adding said plurality of lenses or changing the properties of said plurality of lenses. 14. The x-ray system of  claim 13 , wherein said x-ray focusing properties are selected from the croup consisting of: claim 13 x-ray spectrum bandpass;  working distance;  flux strength  focal spot size, and  focal length. 15. The x-ray system of  claim 13  wherein each of said plurality of lenses comprises a housing comprising a Bragg x-ray diffractive and reflective layer. claim 13 16. The x-ray system of  claim 15 , wherein said Bragg x-ray diffractive and reflective layer comprises a mosaic crystal. claim 15 17. The x-ray system of  claim 15 , wherein said Bragg x-ray diffractive and reflective layer comprised graphite. claim 15 18. The x-ray system of  claim 15 , wherein each of said plurality of lenses comprises an interior surface comprising a lengthwise curved cross section. claim 15 19. The x-ray system of  claim 15 , wherein each of said plurality of lenses comprises an interior surface comprising a widthwise circular cross section. claim 15 20. The x-ray system of  claim 15 , wherein at least one of said plurality of lenses comprises an interior surface comprising a lengthwise conical cross section. claim 15 21. The x-ray system of  claim 15 , wherein at least one of said plurality of lenses comprises an interior surface comprising a lengthwise rectangular cross section. claim 15 22. The x-ray system of  claim 15 , wherein said plurality of lens elements are coupled coaxially. claim 15 23. The x-ray system of  claim 15 , wherein said plurality of lens elements are coupled along an x-ray source-focus axis. claim 15 24. The x-ray system of  claim 15 , wherein said plurality of lens elements have inner surfaces which generally form a Johansson crystal reflecting surface. claim 15 25. An x-ray lens system comprising: a plurality of lenses, each of said plurality of lenses comprising a housing comprising an inner surface lined with graphite,  an x-ray filter proximate said plurality of lenses, and  wherein said inner surfaces of said plurality of lenses in combination are formed to give said x-ray lens system an interior generally spherical surface. 26. An x-ray system for directing x-rays: a lens system which directs said x-rays, wherein said lens system comprises at least one lens element comprising a cylindrical housing comprising an interior, said interior of said cylindrical housing lined with a mosaic crystal, whereby said mosaic crystal acts as a Bragg or Laue lens to direct said x-rays, and  a mask for occluding x-rays off axis to said lens system; and  a filter for filtering x-rays substantially coaxial to said lens system and which are directed to a focusing region. 27. The x-ray system of  claim 26 , wherein said mask occludes x-rays which are not intercepted by said lens system and x-rays which are not deflected towards a focal point of said lens system. claim 26 28. An x-ray system for directing x-rays comprising a lens comprising a Bragg x-ray diffractive layer, wherein said directed x-rays are transmitted and diffracted through said lens;  wherein said lens is constructed from a plurality of concentric rings of mosaic crystal forming a plurality of diffractive layers. 29. The x-ray system of  claim 28 , wherein said lens comprises a ring configuration. claim 28 30. The x-ray lens system of  claim 28  further comprising an x-ray filter. claim 28