Patent Number: 
Section: claims

1. An imaging system comprising:(a) an optical unit comprising a radiation collection unit and a detection unit for detecting radiation collected by the radiation collection unit, the radiation collection unit comprising at least two mask arrangements defining at least two radiation collection regions respectively, each of the mask arrangements being configured and operable to sequentially apply a plurality of a predetermined number of spatial filtering patterns applied on radiation collected thereby from a region of interest, each filtering pattern being formed by a predetermined arrangement of apertures in the corresponding collection region, the detected radiation thereby comprising at least two elemental image data pieces corresponding to the collected radiation from said at least two collection regions;(b) a control unit comprising: a mask controller module; and an image processing module; wherein the mask controller module is configured for operating each of said at least two mask arrangements to selectively apply said different filtering patterns during selected exposure time periods, each of said at least two elemental image data pieces thereby corresponding to the radiation collected during the selected exposure time period; and the image processing module is configured for receiving and processing said at least two elemental image data pieces, said processing comprising utilizing predetermined data indicative of a total effective transmission function of each of said at least two mask arrangements, and determining a plurality of at least two restored elemental images respectively, being together indicative of a three dimensional arrangement of the region of interest from which the input radiation is being collected. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein said selected plurality of the predetermined number of spatial filtering patterns of each of said at least two mask arrangements being preselected to provide said effective transmission function which provides non-null transmission for spatial frequencies lower than a desired predetermined maximal spatial frequency for each of said at least two collection regions. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein said detection unit comprises at least two detection regions corresponding with said at least two collection regions such that detection of the collected input radiation from said at least two collection regions is non overlapping. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein said at least two detection regions are regions of a common radiation sensitive surface or at least two separate radiation sensitive surfaces respectively. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein at least one of said at least two mask arrangements comprises an array of replaceable mask units carrying said predetermined number of the spatial filtering patterns and being mechanically replaceable in the corresponding radiation collection region. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein said array of replaceable mask units is configured as a mechanical wheel comprising said predetermined number of the arrangements of apertures each defining the corresponding filtering pattern. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein at least one of said at least two mask arrangements is configured as an electronic mask arrangement configured and operable for varying the aperture arrangement defining the spatial filtering pattern, said control unit being configured to operate said mask arrangement to selectively vary the aperture arrangement to thereby provide one of the spatial filtering patterns in the respective of said at least two collection regions. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein at least one of said at least two mask arrangements comprises a multiplexed arrangement of apertures corresponding to said predetermined number of spatial filtering patterns, said multiplexed arrangement of apertures comprising groups of apertures corresponding to different filtering patterns, each group of apertures comprises a wavelength selective filter configured for transmission of a predetermined wavelength range being a part of a total wavelength range for imaging. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein said optical unit comprises an array of more than two of the collection regions, said array having at least one of the following arrangements of the collection regions: 2×2, 2×3, 2×4, 2×5, 3×3, 3×4, 3×5, 4×4, 4×5 and 5×5. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein said control unit further comprises a 3D image processing module configured and operable for receiving and processing said plurality of the restored elemental images to thereby determine data about the three dimensional arrangement of the region of interest. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the control unit further comprises a set selection module configured to be responsive to input data comprising data about desired resolution and brightness and to determine a corresponding set of the filtering patterns having non-null effective transmission function. 12. The system of claim 1, configured for imaging with input radiation of at least one of the following wavelength ranges: IR radiation, visible light radiation, UV radiation, X-ray radiation, Gamma radiation. 13. A method for imaging a region of interest comprising:(a) collecting input radiation from the region of interest through at least two collection regions, said collecting comprising applying at each of said at least two collection regions a selected sequence of at least two different filtering patterns during predetermined collection time periods, wherein said selected sequence of the at least two different filtering patterns and the corresponding collection time periods defining a total effective transmission function of the radiation collection which provides non-null transmission for spatial frequencies lower than a desired predetermined maximal spatial frequency for each of said at least two collection regions,(b) generating at least two elemental image data pieces, each corresponding to the collected input radiation with said sequence of the at least two filtering patterns,(c) processing the at least two elemental image data pieces utilizing said total effective transmission function of each of the radiation collection regions, and determining at least two restored elemental images of the region of interest respectively being together indicative of a three-dimensional arrangement of the region of interest. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein each of said at least two different filtering patterns is in the form of an aperture array comprising a predetermined number and arrangement of pinholes. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein said predetermined collection time periods of the selected at least two different filtering patterns are selected for optimizing transmission intensities for selected spatial frequencies. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein said maximal spatial frequency is defined by a minimal aperture size. 17. The method of claim 13, further comprising detecting image data pieces corresponding to each of said at least two collection regions using a single readout mode for all of said collection time periods of the aperture arrays, thereby integrating said image data pieces to form the corresponding elemental image data pieces in one scan time while selectively using the different filtering patterns. 18. The method of claim 13, wherein said processing of the at least two elemental image data pieces for generating the restored elemental images of the region of interest comprises: determining a sum of intensity maps of said image data pieces and utilizing inverting the distortion effect caused by the total effective transmission function, to thereby generate said restored image data. 19. The method of claim 13, wherein said selected sequence of at least two different filtering patterns comprising a plurality of a predetermined number of aperture arrays and is selected in accordance of a desired Radiation Intensity Improvement (RII) factor to provide imaging of the region of interest with improved image quality. 20. The method of claim 13, wherein said collection of input radiation through said at least two collection regions comprising arranging said at least two collection regions for collecting input radiation from said region of interest along at least two different optical axes, said at least two different optical axes being parallel to each other.