Patent Number: 
Section: claims

1. An X-ray target, comprising:a first cap layer;a target layer composed of a material capable of generating characteristic X-rays, said target layer formed under said first cap layer; anda second cap layer formed under said target layer; anda support block formed under said second cap layer to hold said structure, wherein a first material of which said first and second cap layers are composed is lower in electron beam absorptivity than a second material of which said target layer is composed, said target layer is buried and arranged in the form of a linear or an elliptical matrix in said first and the second cap layer, and each target layer of said matrix is made a microfocus X-ray source corresponding to its size. 2. The X-ray target as set forth in claim 1, wherein said target layer is composed of a material capable of generating characteristic X-rays of a wavelength ranging between 0.3 and 10 Å. 3. The X-ray target as set forth in claim 1, wherein said first and second cap layers are composed of a material selected from the group which consists of B, C, SiC and B4C. 4. The X-ray target as set forth in claim 1, wherein said target layers are of an identical size. 5. The X-ray target as set forth in claim 1, wherein said target layers are varied in size. 6. The X-ray target as set forth in claim 1, wherein on the first cap layer is provided an antistatic layer. 7. An X-ray apparatus comprising:an X-ray source made of an electron beam generating section andan X-ray target, wherein said X-ray target comprisesa first cap layer,a target layer, anda second cap layer, wherein said first cap layer, said target layer, and said second cap layer are successively laminated in the recited order, thereby forming a laminated structure, anda support block to hold said laminated structure, wherein said first and second cap layers are composed of a first material which is lower in electron beam absorptivity than a second material of which said target layer is composed, said target layer is buried and arranged in the form of a linear or an elliptical matrix in said first and second cap layers, and each target layer of the matrix forms a microfocus X-ray source corresponding to its size, wherein each target of said matrix is irradiated with a convergent electron beam generated by said electron beam generating section to cause said target to generate a microfocus X-rays. 8. The X-ray apparatus as set forth in claim 7, wherein said electron beam generating section comprises an electronic lens, said X-ray target is disposed with an inclination to the convergent electron beam generated by said electron beam generating section, and said convergent electron beam is similar in shape and size to each target layer of said matrix. 9. The X-ray apparatus as set forth in claim 7, wherein on said first cap layer is provided an antistatic layer. 10. The X-ray apparatus as set forth in claim 7, wherein said X-ray apparatus is an X-ray diffraction apparatus further provided with an observation sample holder section and an X-ray detecting means. 11. The X-ray apparatus as set forth in claim 7, wherein said X-ray apparatus is a fluorescent X-ray analysis apparatus further provided with an observation sample holder section and an X-ray detecting means. 12. The X-ray apparatus as set forth in claim 7, wherein said X-ray apparatus is further provided with an X-ray optical element. 13. An X-ray microscope comprising:an electron beam generating section,an X-ray target,an observation sample holder section for an observable object, and an X-ray detecting means,wherein said X-ray target comprises:a first cap layer,a target layer, anda second cap layer, wherein said first cap layer, said target layer, and said second cap layer are successively laminated in the recited order, thereby forming a laminated structure,wherein said first and second cap layers are composed of a material which is lower in electron beam absorptivity than that of which said target layer is composed,wherein said X-ray target is irradiated with a convergent electron beam generated by said electron beam generating section to cause said target to generate microfocus X-rays, and said microfocus X-rays are used as divergent X-rays to obtain a transmission X-ray image of said observable object. 14. The X-ray microscope as set forth in claim 13, wherein said electron beam generating section includes an electronic lens, said X-ray target is disposed with an inclination to the convergent electron beam generated by said electron beam generating section, and said convergent electron beam is similar in shape and size to each target layer of the matrix of the X-ray target. 15. The X-ray microscope as set forth in claim 13, wherein on said first cap layer is provided an antistatic layer. 16. The X-ray microscope as set forth in claim 13, wherein said transmission X-ray image includes a contrast by phase contrast. 17. The X-ray microscope as set forth in claim 13, wherein said X-ray detecting means is an image sensor and provided with an image processing means for said image sensor, and X-rays are used as divergent X-rays to obtain a transmission X-ray image of said observable object.