Patent Number: 
Section: claims

1. An X-ray diffraction apparatus comprising:a rotating anode X-ray generator with a source size S for generating an X-ray beam;a focusing multilayer X-ray optic with a magnification M such that M times S is smaller than 0.1 mm and which receives the X-ray beam at an entrance and produces at an exit a beam that is focused at a focal point;a sample holder for positioning a sample at the focal point; andan X-ray detector for detecting X-rays scattered from the sample, wherein the X-ray diffraction apparatus determines an energy and scattering angle of X-rays scattered from the sample. 2. The X-ray diffraction apparatus of claim 1 further comprising an aperture located at the exit of the optic to reduce beam divergence. 3. The X-ray diffraction apparatus of claim 2 wherein the aperture is a slit. 4. The X-ray diffraction apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a second aperture located near the focal point in order to optimize a beam image size at the focal point. 5. The X-ray diffraction apparatus of any one of claims 1-4 further comprising one of a slit and an aperture located along a beam path from the X-ray generator to the focal point in order to remove scattered radiation. 6. The X-ray diffraction apparatus of claim 1 further comprising an aperture located at the entrance of the optic in order to reduce beam divergence. 7. The X-ray diffraction apparatus of claim 6 wherein the aperture is a slit. 8. The X-ray diffraction apparatus of claim 6 further comprising a second aperture located near the focal point in order to optimize a beam image size at the focal point. 9. The X-ray diffraction apparatus of any one of claims 6-8 further comprising one of a slit and an aperture located along a beam path from the X-ray generator to the focal point in order to remove scattered radiation. 10. The X-ray diffraction apparatus of claim 1 wherein the magnification is less than one. 11. A method for performing an X-ray diffraction measurement with a rotating anode X-ray generator with a source size S that generates an X-ray beam, the method comprising:(a) providing a focusing multilayer X-ray optic with a magnification M such that M times S is smaller than 0.1 mm and having a beam entrance and a beam exit;(b) receiving the X-ray beam at the beam entrance to produce at the beam exit an X-ray beam that is focused at a focal point;(c) positioning a sample at the focal point; and(d) determining an energy and scattering angle of X-rays scattered from the sample. 12. The method of claim 11 further comprising placing an aperture at the beam exit of the optic to reduce beam divergence. 13. The method of claim 12 wherein the aperture is a slit. 14. The method of claim 12 further comprising placing a second aperture near the focal point in order to optimize a beam image size at the focal point. 15. The method of any one of claims 11-14 further comprising placing one of a slit and an aperture along a beam path from the X-ray generator to the focal point in order to remove scattered radiation. 16. The method of claim 11 further comprising placing an aperture at the entrance of the optic in order to reduce beam divergence. 17. The method of claim 16 wherein the aperture is a slit. 18. The method of claim 16 further comprising placing a second aperture near the focal point in order to optimize a beam image size at the focal point. 19. The method of any one of claims 16-18 further comprising placing one of a slit and an aperture along a beam path from the X-ray generator to the focal point in order to remove scattered radiation. 20. The method of claim 11 wherein the magnification is less than one.