Patent Number: 
Section: claims

1. A self-shielded, bench-top radio chemistry system for use without the need of a hot cell, comprising:a radioactive isotope dispensing module comprising fluid line, mechanical pump, and radiation sensor, the dispensing module configured to draw an isotope out of a reservoir and dispense a metered dose of said isotope;a concentration module comprising a solid-phase extraction cartridge and configured to receive the metered dose from the dispensing module and concentrate the metered dose into a droplet amount of isotope;a synthesizer module comprising a disposable chip cassette holding a microfluidic chip and a reagent cartridge configured to receive the droplet amount of isotope from the concentration module and deliver the droplet amount of isotope along with one or more reagents to the microfluidic chip to produce a radiolabeled molecule;a computer control system operably coupled to the radioactive isotope dispensing module, concentration module, and synthesizer module to automatically control their respective operations;a plurality of shielded carriers configured to hold the disposable chip cassette therein and openable to remove the disposable chip cassette therefrom;wherein each of the dispensing module, concentration module and synthesizer module are connected in fluid communication via one or more wetted paths;wherein the one or more wetted paths are exposed to said isotope; andwherein the microfluidic chip and portions of the one or more of the dispensing module, concentration module and synthesizer module corresponding to said one or more wetted paths are disposed in the disposable chip cassette contained in one of the plurality of shielded carriers disposed inside the bench-top radio chemistry system, wherein the shielded carrier containing the disposable chip cassette is removable from the bench-top radio chemistry system. 2. A system as recited in claim 1, wherein the dispensing module, concentration module and synthesizer module are integrated and automated using a program executed on the computer control system so that fluidic, electrical, and mechanical connections run from each module to the next without substantial loss of fluid or radioactivity. 3. A system as recited in claim 1:wherein the computer control system receives information from the radiation sensor and controls the dispensing module to dispense said metered doses as a function of radioactivity measured at the location. 4. A system as recited in claim 1, wherein the mechanical pump comprises a peristaltic pump. 5. A system as recited in claim 1, the dispensing module further comprising:a needle disposed within the dispensing module; andan actuator coupled to either the needle or the reservoir such that operation of the actuator automatically draws the needle into or out of the reservoir. 6. A system as recited in claim 1, wherein the synthesizer module comprises a disposable micro-fluidic manifold configured to deliver the droplet amount of isotope and one or more reagents in individual channels to the microfluidic chip. 7. A system as recited in claim 1, wherein one or more of the dispensing module and concentration module are integrated on the disposable chip cassette. 8. A system as recited in claim 1, further comprising:a purification and formulation module configured to collect unpurified product from the synthesizer module and generate a purified product. 9. A method for generating a radiolabled molecule without the need of a hot cell, comprising:providing a self-shielded, bench-top radio chemistry system having a computer controlled radioactive isotope dispensing module, a concentration module, and a synthesizer module comprising a disposable chip cassette holding a microfluidic chip and a reagent cartridge, wherein the isotope is dispensed, concentrated and delivered to the microfluidic chip within one or more wetted paths of the radioactive isotope dispensing module, the concentration module, and the synthesizer module that are exposed to said isotope, and wherein the microfluidic chip and portions of the one or more wetted paths are disposed in the disposable chip cassette contained in a first shielded carrier;automatically drawing a radioactive isotope out of a reservoir contained in the radioactive isotope dispensing module with a mechanical pump and dispensing a metered dose of said isotope;automatically receiving the metered dose in the concentration module comprising a solid-phase extraction cartridge and concentrating the metered dose into a droplet amount of isotope;automatically delivering the droplet amount of isotope along with one or more reagents from the reagent cartridge to the microfluidic chip in the disposable chip cassette to produce a radiolabeled molecule;removing the first shielded carrier containing the disposable chip cassette from the bench-top radio chemistry system;loading a second shielded carrier containing a second disposable chip cassette into the bench-top radio chemistry system. 10. A method as recited in claim 9, further comprising:measuring radioactivity at a location within the dispensing module with a sensor contained therein; anddispensing said metered doses as a function of radioactivity measured at the location. 11. A method as recited in claim 9, wherein a peristaltic pump is used to draw the isotope from the reservoir and generate the metered dose. 12. A method as recited in claim 9, wherein the apparatus comprises a needle disposed within the dispensing module, the method further comprising:automatically drawing the needle into or out of the reservoir. 13. A method as recited in claim 9:wherein concentrating the metered dose comprises delivering the metered dose and an eluent through a cartridge in the concentration module to generate said droplet amount of isotope. 14. A method as recited in claim 9, wherein the droplet amount of isotope and one or more reagents are delivered in individual channels of a micro-fluidic manifold to the microfluidic chip. 15. A method as recited in claim 9, the method further comprising:removing the first shielded carrier containing the disposable chip cassette containing the wetted paths while the reservoir remains disposed within the bench-top radio chemistry system;installing the second, unused disposable chip cassette disposed inside the second shielded carrier in the bench-top radio chemistry system;automatically drawing radioactive isotope out of the reservoir contained in the radioactive isotope dispensing module and dispensing a second metered dose of said isotope;automatically receiving the second metered dose in the concentration module and concentrating the second metered dose into a second droplet amount of isotope; andautomatically delivering the second droplet amount of isotope along with one or more reagents from the reagent cartridge to a microfluidic chip of the second disposable chip cassette to produce a second radiolabled molecule. 16. A method as recited in claim 9, wherein the microfluidic chip comprises an EWOD chip. 17. A self-shielded, bench-top radio chemistry system for use without the need of a hot cell, comprising:a radioactive isotope dispensing module comprising fluid line and a mechanical pump, the dispensing module configured to draw an isotope out of a reservoir and dispense a metered dose of said isotope;a plurality of shielded carriers;a disposable chip cassette holding a microfluidic chip and a reagent cartridge disposed in one of the plurality of shielded carriers, the chip cassette comprising a concentration module configured to receive the metered dose from the dispensing module and concentrate the metered dose into a droplet amount of isotope and a synthesizer module configured to receive the droplet amount of isotope from the concentration module and deliver the droplet amount of isotope along with one or more reagents to the microfluidic chip to produce a radiolabeled molecule; anda computer control system operably coupled to the radioactive isotope dispensing module, concentration module, and synthesizer module to automatically control their respective operations, wherein the shielded carrier containing the disposable chip cassette is removeable and replaceable with another shielded carrier containing another disposable chip cassette. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the dispensing module is disposed inside a separate dispensing cassette. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the separate dispensing cassette is contained in separate shielded carrier.