Patent Number: 
Section: claims

1. An inspection system, comprising:a) a conveyor adapted to move items in a first direction;b) a source assembly comprising:i) an x-ray source adapted to irradiate an item on the conveyor; andii) a source collimator positioned between the x-ray source and the conveyor;c) a first positioning mechanism adapted and arranged to move the source assembly in a second direction, transverse to the first direction;d) a detector assembly comprising:i) a detector; andii) a detector collimator positioned between the detector and the conveyor;e) a second positioning mechanism adapted and arranged to move the detector assembly in the second direction, the second positioning mechanism adapted and arranged to be controlled in at least one direction independently of the first positioning mechanism; andf) a controller adapted to control the first and second positioning mechanisms to independently position the source and detector assemblies relative to the item to focus the inspection system on a region within the item on the conveyor and to move the source and detector assemblies in the first direction in synchrony with the conveyor, thereby maintaining the focus on the region as the item moves on the conveyor. 2. The inspection system of claim 1, wherein the first positioning mechanism is adapted and arranged to move the source in the first direction and the second positioning mechanism is adapted and arranged to the move the detector in the first direction. 3. The inspection system of claim 1, wherein the source collimator is shaped to pass a beam of radiation and the detector collimator is shaped to receive scattered radiation diffracted from the item on the conveyor at a scattering angle relative to the beam of radiation, and wherein the detector measures an energy spectrum of the scattered radiation diffracted at the scattering angle. 4. The inspection system of claim 3, wherein the controller is coupled to the detector collimator and adapted to vary the scattering angle of scattered radiation received at the detector. 5. The inspection system of claim 1, wherein the detector collimator comprises a movable stage carrying a plate having a plurality of apertures therein. 6. The inspection system of claim 5, wherein the plurality of apertures comprises a pinhole, a slit and an aperture having an x-ray fluorescent member disposed therein. 7. The inspection system of claim 1, wherein the x-ray source has an energy below about 120 keV. 8. The inspection system of claim 1, wherein the first positioning mechanism is constrained to position the source assembly in a first plane parallel to the first direction and the second positioning mechanism is constrained to position the detector assembly in a second plane parallel to the first plane. 9. A method of operating an inspection system having:a) an inspection region adapted and arranged to position an item under inspection in a plane;b) a source; andc) a detector;the method comprising:i. moving the source and the detector parallel to the plane in synchrony with the item to create a focus region in an item under inspection;ii. with the source, radiating a portion of the item under inspection, the portion including the focus region;iii. with the detector, measuring radiation emanating at an angle from the focus region; andiv. analyzing the measured radiation. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising dithering the position of the source and detector while measuring radiation. 11. The method of claim 9, further comprising aligning the detector relative to the source by measuring with the detector radiation passing through a pinhole collimator. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein moving the source and the detector comprises positioning the source and detector with a separation in a first direction. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein measuring comprises measuring radiation passing through a detector collimator, the detector collimator comprising at least one aperture shaped as a slit, the slit having a narrow dimension in the first direction. 14. A method of operating an inspection system, the method comprising:a) moving an item through an inspection area; andb) gathering data on a focus region of the item using a source and a detector while moving the source and the detector synchronously with the item. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising:c) moving the source and detector other than synchronously with the item, whereby the source and detector are aligned with a second focus region of the item; andd) subsequently gathering data on the second focus region of the item using the source and detector while moving the source and the detector synchronously with the item. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein moving an item comprises moving the item through the inspection area in a first direction and moving the source and detector other than synchronously with the item comprises moving the source and detector transverse to the first direction. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein moving the source and detector other than synchronously with the item comprises moving the source and detector different amounts. 18. The method of claim 14, wherein the inspection area is in a second inspection device and the method further comprises, prior to moving the item through the inspection area in the second inspection device, identifying the focus region in a first inspection device. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the first inspection device and the second inspection device are coupled through a conveyor system and moving the item comprises moving the item on the conveyor system through the first inspection device and the second inspection device without stopping. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the first inspection device inspects a series of items of which a plurality of items are identified for further inspection in the second device, items in the plurality are identified at a rate and the second inspection device inspects items at the same rate or higher. 21. The inspection system of claim 1, wherein the controller is further adapted to control the first and second positioning mechanisms to maintain a relative position of the item to the source assembly and the detector assembly. 22. The method of claim 9, wherein moving the source and the detector parallel to the plane in synchrony with the item further comprises maintaining a relative position of the item to the source and the detector. 23. The method of claim 14, wherein gathering data on a focus region of the item using a source and a detector while moving the source and the detector synchronously with the item further comprises maintaining a relative position of the item to the source and the detector.