Patent Number: 
Section: claims

1. Method for manufacturing non-contaminated MOX fuel rods, from pellets, in a containment enclosure under a depression, the method comprising the following operations for one rod:loading of the pellets in successive columns into a cladding previously provided with a first plug at one of its two ends;loading of various structural components, including a retaining spring;fitting of a second plug at the other end of the cladding;peripheral welding of said second plug; andat least one cleaning and at least one checking of the contamination of the parts of said cladding or respectively of the rod which have been exposed to contamination, the method being characterised in that it comprises:division of the containment enclosure into a number of successive compartments;connection of each compartment to its neighbour for a tight passage for the cladding, at least certain of said passages being aligned in order to allow a movement of the cladding along a longitudinal axis;introduction of the cladding to be loaded, said other end in front, into a first compartment through a sealed passage or an input aperture thereto;axial driving of the cladding between successive compartments until said other end reaches the last compartment;loading of the pellets in the last compartment, and if applicable also various structural components other than the retaining spring, into the cladding through said other;partial axial withdrawal of the cladding, when the loading is finished, so as to convey said other end into a preceding compartment;in this preceding compartment, cleaning and a possible contamination check of at least the part of the cladding exposed to contamination by the pellets in the process of being loaded or by the atmosphere of the last compartment;after this cleaning, axial movement of the cladding so that said other end is positioned in another compartment;loading of the retaining spring and fitting of the second plug in said other end, in this other compartment;after this fitting, carrying out of possible other operations in the same compartment or in yet another compartment, with a possible additional movement;contamination checking of the parts of the rod exposed to the contamination of the last compartments and possible cleaning if necessary, in the first or the second compartment;withdrawal of the rod out of the first compartment or a transverse transfer to another containment enclosure via a first compartment connecting the enclosures to one another;stepping of the contaminations between the various compartments, starting from the non-contaminated or the very slightly contaminated in the first compartment to the most contaminated in the last compartment;selection of gases supplying the compartments, chosen from amongst the group formed by: air, nitrogen, helium, argon, vacuum;stepping depressions in the compartments, in order to organise any leaks, from a weakest depression in the first compartment to a strongest depression in the last compartment. 2. Method according to claim 1, characterised in that, for loading of the pellets and the following associated operations:presenting, centring and aligning the pellets of a column from a support to said other end of the cladding; andthe following are performed:correction of off-centrings between the support and said other end of the cladding, and alignment of the axis of the pellets with the axis of the cladding, by means of a channel, the bottom of which has a V-shaped profile in a continuous ramp and intersecting with a cylindrical output with the diameter of the pellets;centring of the cladding in a chamber centred on the cylindrical part of the channel;masking of said other end of the cladding from the pellets in the process of being loaded;trapping and/or collection and/or forcing back of dust and chips conveyed by and/or adhering to the pellets loaded, and/or generated by the presentation, centring and alignment operations, via free sections between pellets and walls of the channel and/or grooves, by gravity deposition and optionally by additional blowing and/or suction. 3. Method according to claim 2, characterised by loading of the pellets of a column into the cladding, to a depth of introduction of the last pellet in the cladding equal to at least the length of the next column to be loaded into the same cladding. 4. Method according to claim 3, characterised in that loading of said pellets in successive columns into said cladding is performed by limiting the maximum pushing forces during loading, according to the depth of introduction of a pushing device and the order of the column in the process of being loaded into the same cladding. 5. Method according to claim 4, characterised by a dry or slightly moist process for cleaning the parts of the cladding, or respectively of the rod, exposed to contamination, this process possibly being by rubbing. 6. Method according to claim 5, characterised in that the enclosure is divided into four compartments, of whichthe fourth and last compartment is intended for loading of the pellets and structural elements;the third is intended for cleaning of the part exposed to contamination during loading;the second is intended for loading of the spring and fitting of the second plug, and possible girth welding thereof if the fitting is not with tightening; andthe first is intended for contamination checking and possible cleaning of the parts exposed to contamination in the preceding compartments, and for input of the cladding and output of the rod. 7. Method according to claim 6, characterised in thatloading of the pellets, cleaning of the end of the cladding exposed to contamination and fitting of the second plug are performed in compartments under helium, as well as optionally said contamination check;upon introduction of a cladding empty of pellets into the containment enclosure said other end is transferred into the first compartment under helium encountered only after pumping out and replacement, between this compartment and the preceding one, of the gas contained in the cladding with helium. 8. Method according to claim 6, characterised in thatloading of the pellets is performed in the last compartment under vacuum or in an enclosure under vacuum located therein; andupon introduction of a cladding empty of pellets into the containment enclosure, its open end is transferred into this last compartment only after pumping out, between this compartment and the preceding one, of the gas contained in the cladding. 9. Device for manufacturing non-contaminated MOX fuel rods from pellets, for implementation of the method according to claim 1, and comprising a containment enclosure for carrying out the following operations:loading of the pellets in columns into a cladding open at one end and closed by a first plug at the other;cleaning and possible checking of the contamination of the part of said cladding which has been brought into contact with contamination or dust from said pellets;loading of various structural components, including a retaining spring;fitting of a second plug;checking a contamination and possibly cleaning the part of said cladding which has been brought into contact with contamination, wherein:the containment enclosure is divided into a number of distinct compartments;the compartments are preferentially in succession one after the other in a direction of movement between compartments of a cladding to be loaded, said other end in front;the compartments of the enclosure are isolated from one another by sealed partitions having, for passing the cladding from one compartment to another, a tight passage, itself consisting of a full-passage valve and a sealing device on the circumference of the cladding, at least certain of said passages being aligned in the direction of movement of the above-mentioned cladding, the first compartment encountered possibly being simply provided with an aperture at its input;at least one axial driving mechanism is arranged in order to move along its longitudinal axis the end of the introduced cladding or of the rod provided with its second plug in the selected compartment;devices for loading the pellets in columns are installed in the last compartment;at least one device for cleaning the part of the cladding exposed to contamination during loading of the pellets is installed in a preceding compartment;within the enclosure there is a depression compared with the atmosphere of the room;each compartment contains a selection of gas, chosen from amongst the group formed by: air, nitrogen, helium, argon, vacuum; andthe depressions within the compartments are stepped from a weakest depression in the first compartment to a strongest depression in the last compartment, so as to organize the direction of any leak and contribute towards a stepped contamination level. 10. Device according to claim 9, characterised in that it comprises a device for presentation, centering and alignment of the pellets with a view to their loading into the cladding, itselfconsisting of a fixed metal component with a channel passing through it—the dimensions of the input of which are chosen for accepting an off-centring of the pellets in relation to the axis of the cladding, and the bottom of which has a V-shaped profile in a continuous ramp and intersecting with a cylindrical output with the diameter of the pellets —and provided with a cylindrical chamber with the diameter of the cladding and centred on the cylindrical output of the channel;having dimensions and tolerances adapted to the dimensions of said pellets and cladding, and such that the diameter of the cylindrical output of the channel is smaller than the internal diameter of the cladding, for the purposes of masking the end of the cladding from the pellets;optionally having longitudinal and/or transverse clearances and nozzles for blowing a gas in a direction opposite to the direction of loading and/or sucking up the dust and chips. 11. Device according to claim 10, characterised in that it comprises, for loading of the pellets and structural components, a pushing mechanism with sensitive drive, havingon the one hand axial driving by a set of rollers equipped with a force limiting device with low inertia and driven by a motor, the force of which is limited according to the depth of introduction of the pushing device and the order of the column of pellets in the process of being loaded into the same cladding; andon the other hand a hollow rod of low mass and adapted length, so that the depth of introduction of the last pellet of a column loaded into the cladding is equal to at least the length of the next column to be loaded into the same cladding. 12. Device according to claim 11, characterised in that it has at least one device for dry or slightly moist cleaning of the parts of the cladding or respectively of the rod exposed to contamination. 13. Device according to claim 12, characterised in that at least one of the cleaning devices comprises a system with strips, of woven or non-woven material, rubbing when dry or after slight moistening on the parts of said cladding or respectively of the rod which have been exposed to contamination. 14. Device according to claim 13, characterised in that the containment enclosure consists of four compartments, of whichthe fourth and last comprises the devices for loading the pellets in columns and the means for loading various structural components, other than the spring and the second plug; andthe third comprises means for cleaning the part of the cladding exposed to contamination during loading. 15. Device according to claim 14, characterised in that the sealed passages between compartments comprise at leasta valve which can either be fully closed or leave a complete passage open without contact for a cladding or respectively a rod;a sealing joint member arranged to either leave a complete passage open without contact for a cladding or form a seal around a cladding which is either stopped at this place or in relative motion rotation-wise or translation-wise; anda device for pumping out the gas confined in the volume contained between the valve and the sealing member , both closed, and for possible filling of this same volume with another gas. 16. Device according to claim 15, characterised in that at least one gas supply device is arranged for supplying said compartments—and any chambers installed therein—with various gases chosen from amongst the group air, N2,Ar, He and vacuum. 17. Device according to claim 16, characterised in that it comprises a system for distributing helium, in either open circuit or closed circuit in recycling mode or else a combination of the two, intended to supply the compartments for loading the pellets, for subsequent cleaning and for fitting of the second plug. 18. Device according to claim 16, characterised in that the last compartment intended for loading of the pellets comprises means for loading the pellets into the cladding under vacuum. 19. Device according to claim 17, characterised in that the second compartment comprises a device for circumferential welding of the second plug to the cladding. 20. Device according to claim 18, characterised in that the second compartment comprises a device for circumferential welding of the second plug to the cladding.