Patent Number: 
Section: claims

1. A photolithographic mask for patterning a photosensitive material, comprising:at least one structure region for imaging a structure on the photosensitive material;at least one protective layer made of a chemically and mechanically resistive material disposed on said structure region; andan absorber structure for absorbing incident radiation disposed next to said structure region;said protective layer being made of a thin coating having only a few atomic layers deposited by an atomic layer chemical vapor deposition process so that said protective layer constitutes a negligible alteration of nominal or critical dimensions for the structure region and the absorber structure, and in which additional absorption or reflection losses are negligibly low;said protective layer including at least one material selected from the group consisting of Al2O3, Ta2O5, ZrO2 and HfO2. 2. The photolithographic mask according to claim 1, wherein said protective layer additionally extends over surfaces of said absorber structure. 3. The photolithographic mask according to claim 1, further comprising a carrier element suitable for a transmission exposure of the photosensitive material, said structure region and said absorber structure are disposed on said carrier element. 4. The photolithographic mask according to claim 1, further comprising a carrier element with a reflection device for reflection exposure of the photosensitive material, said structure region and said absorber structure are disposed on said carrier element. 5. The photolithographic mask according to claim 4, wherein said reflection device is a Bragg reflector for electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength of less than 20 nm. 6. The photolithographic mask according to claim 3, wherein said absorber structure has a buffer layer disposed on a surface of said carrier element. 7. The photolithographic mask according to claim 1, wherein said absorber structure contains at least one material selected from the group consisting of Al, Cu, Ti, TiN, Ta, TaN, Ni and Cr. 8. The photolithographic mask according to claim 1, wherein the photosensitive material is disposed on a wafer. 9. The photolithographic mask according to claim 4, wherein said absorber structure has a buffer layer disposed on a surface of said carrier element. 10. A method for fabricating a photolithographic mask for patterning a photosensitive material, which comprises the following steps:providing a carrier element;depositing at least one protective layer made of a chemically and mechanically resistive material using an atomic layer chemical vapor deposition process on a surface of the carrier element, the protective layer being made of a thin coating having only a few atomic layers and including at least one material selected from the group consisting of Al2O3, Ta2O5, ZrO2 and HfO2, so that the protective layer constitutes a negligible alteration of nominal or critical dimensions for an absorber structure, and in which additional absorption or reflection losses are negligibly low; and fabricating the absorber structure, on a surface of the protective layer by deposition and patterning an absorber layer. 11. The method according to claim 10, which further comprises providing the photosensitive material on a wafer. 12. The method according to claim 10, which further comprises depositing an additional protective layer made of a further chemically and mechanically resistive material using the atomic layer deposition process on surfaces of the absorber structure and on the surface of the protective layer. 13. A method for fabricating a photolithographic mask for patterning a photosensitive material, which comprises the following steps:providing a carrier element;depositing at least one protective layer made of a chemically and mechanically resistive material using an atomic layer chemical vapor deposition process on a surface of the carrier element, the protective layer being made of a thin coating having only a few atomic layers and including at least one material selected from the group consisting of Al2O3, Ta2O5, ZrO2 and HfO2, so that the protective layer constitutes a negligible alteration of nominal or critical dimensions for an absorber structure, and in which additional absorption or reflection losses are negligibly low;depositing a buffer layer on a surface of the protective layer;fabricating the absorber structure on a surface of the buffer layer by deposition and patterning an absorber layer;repairing the absorber structure; andremoving the buffer layer in structure regions that are not covered by the absorber structure, by anisotropic etching, the protective layer serving as an etching stop. 14. The method according to claim 13, which further comprises depositing an additional protective layer made of a further chemically and mechanically resistive material using the atomic layer deposition process on surfaces of the absorber structure and on the surface of the protective layer. 15. The method according to claim 13, which further comprises providing the photosensitive material on a wafer. 16. A method for fabricating a photolithographic mask for patterning a photosensitive material, which comprises the following steps:providing a carrier element;fabricating an absorber structure by depositing and patterning an absorber layer on a surface of the carrier element; anddepositing at least one protective layer made of a chemically and mechanically resistive material using an atomic layer chemical vapor deposition process on surfaces of the absorber structure and on surfaces of the carrier element, the protective layer being made of a thin coating having only a few atomic layers and including at least one material selected from the group consisting of Al2O3, Ta2O5, ZrO2 and HfO2, so that the protective layer constitutes a negligible alteration of nominal or critical dimensions for the absorber structure and the carrier element, and in which additional absorption or reflection losses are negligibly low. 17. The method according to claim 16, which further comprises providing the photosensitive material on a wafer. 18. A method for fabricating a photolithographic mask for patterning a photosensitive material, which comprises the following steps:providing a carrier element;depositing a buffer layer on a surface of the carrier element; fabricating an absorber structure on a surface of the buffer layer by depositing and patterning an absorber layer;repairing the absorber structure;removing the buffer layer in structure regions that are not covered by the absorber structure, by anisotropic etching; anddepositing at least one protective layer made of a chemically and mechanically resistive material using an atomic layer chemical vapor deposition process on surfaces of the absorber structure and of the carrier element in the structure regions, the protective layer being made of a thin coating having only a few atomic layers and including at least one material selected from the group consisting of Al2O3, Ta2O5, ZrO2 and HfO2, so that the protective layer constitutes a negligible alteration of nominal or critical dimensions for the absorber structure and the carrier element in the structure regions, and in which additional absorption or reflection losses are negligibly low. 19. The method according to claim 18, which further comprises providing the photosensitive material on a wafer.