Patent Number: 
Section: claims

1. An irradiation cell for producing a radioisotope of interest through the irradiation of a target material by a particle beam, the irradiation cell comprising a target body, a diffuser configured to provide a path for a cooling medium, and a removable metallic insert comprising a cavity designed to house the target material and the cavity closed by an irradiation window, the metallic insert configured to be inserted in and removed from the target body, wherein the removable metallic insert comprises at least two separate metallic parts of different materials, the metallic insert comprising at least a first part and a second part, the first part having a wall with a thickness between 0.3 and 0.7 mm and an elongated cavity surrounded by the wall, the cavity being longer in a direction parallel to the particle beam that irradiates the target than in a direction perpendicular to the particle beam, and the second part partially surrounding the first part and forming a channel configured to guide a cooling medium, the first part being removable from the irradiation cell without removal of the second part by sliding the first part in a direction parallel to the particle beam. 2. The irradiation cell according to claim 1, wherein said cell further comprises a coolant supply configured to supply the cooling medium and the coolant supply in connection with the channel the diffuser device surrounding the first part and being configured to guide the cooling medium around the first part, and wherein the second part surrounds both the first part and the diffuser device in a manner to form a return path for the cooling medium between the diffuser device and the second part. 3. The irradiation cell according to claim 1, wherein the contact between the first and second part is a metal-to-metal contact, and wherein the parts are sealed by at least one O-ring. 4. The irradiation cell according to claim 1, wherein the first and second parts are sealed by a gold foil between the parts. 5. The irradiation cell according to claim 1, wherein the first and second parts are assembled together by a number of bolts. 6. The irradiation cell according to claim 1, wherein the first and second parts are assembled together by welding. 7. The irradiation cell according to claim 1, wherein the first part comprises a flat, circular and ring-shaped portion having an inner circular edge and an outer circular edge, a cylindrical portion rising perpendicularly from the inner circular edge of the flat portion, and a hemispherical portion being on top of the cylindrical portion, the cavity being formed inside the cylindrical and hemispherical portions. 8. The irradiation cell according to claim 7, wherein the cavity has a length of at least 50 mm. 9. The irradiation cell according to claim 7, wherein the second part has the form of a hollow cylinder having two flat sides essentially perpendicular to a cylindrical side, the cylinder being connected by one flat side against the flat portion of the first part. 10. The irradiation cell according to claim 7, wherein one of the two parts has a ridge and the other has a groove corresponding to the ridge, in order to obtain perfect coaxial positioning of the two parts with respect to each other. 11. The irradiation cell according to claim 1, wherein the first part is made of niobium or tantalum. 12. The irradiation cell according to claim 1, wherein the second part is made of stainless steel. 13. A method for filling the cavity volume of the irradiation cell according to claim 1 with about 50% of target material before starting irradiation. 14. The irradiation cell according to claim 1, wherein the cell further comprises a supply tube for a cooling medium and, in connection with the supply tube, a diffuser device mounted on one end of the supply tube, the diffuser device surrounding the first part, the diffuser element being configured to guide the cooling medium around the first part, and wherein the second part surrounds both the first part and the diffuser element in a manner to form a return path for the cooling medium between the diffuser element and the second part. 15. An irradiation cell for producing a radioisotope of interest through the irradiation of a target material by a particle beam, the irradiation cell comprising a target body, a diffuser for providing a path for a cooling medium, and a removable metallic insert comprising a cavity designed to house the target material, the cavity closed by an irradiation window, the metallic insert configured to be inserted in and removed from the target body, wherein the removable metallic insert comprises at least two separate metallic parts of different materials, the metallic insert comprising at least a first part and a second part, the first part having a cylindrical portion and a hemispherical portion and machined from a material selected from the group consisting of niobium and tantalum and forming a cavity that is elongate in a direction parallel to the particle beam that irradiates the target, and the second part being a generally cylindrical hollow member disposed concentrically about the first part and comprising a material selected from the group consisting of stainless steel, silver, and titanium, with the second part disposed around at least a portion of the elongate cavity of the first part and the first and second parts forming a channel configured to guide a cooling medium, the first part removable from the irradiation cell without removal of the second part by sliding the first part in a direction parallel to the particle beam. 16. The irradiation cell according to claim 15, wherein said cell further comprises a coolant supply configured to supply the cooling medium and the coolant supply in connection with the channel the diffuser device surrounding the first part and being configured to guide the cooling medium around the first part, and wherein the second part surrounds both the first part and the diffuser device in a manner to form a return path for the cooling medium between the diffuser device and the second part. 17. The irradiation cell according to claim 15, wherein the contact between the first and second part is a metal-to-metal contact, and wherein the parts are sealed by at least one O-ring. 18. The irradiation cell according to claim 15, wherein the first and second parts are sealed by a gold foil between the parts. 19. The irradiation cell according to claim 15, wherein the first and second parts are assembled together by a number of bolts. 20. The irradiation cell according to claim 15, wherein the first and second parts are assembled together by welding. 21. The irradiation cell according to claim 15, wherein the first part comprises a flat, circular and ring-shaped portion having an inner circular edge and an outer circular edge, a cylindrical portion rising perpendicularly from the inner circular edge of the flat portion, and a hemispherical portion being on top of the cylindrical portion, the cavity being formed inside the cylindrical and hemispherical portions. 22. The irradiation cell according to claim 21, wherein the cylindrical portion and/or the hemispherical portion have a wall thickness comprised between 0.3 and 0.7 mm. 23. The irradiation cell according to claim 21, wherein the second part has the form of a hollow cylinder having two flat sides essentially perpendicular to a cylindrical side, the cylinder being connected by one flat side against the flat portion of the first part. 24. The irradiation cell according to claim 21, wherein one of the two parts has a ridge and the other has a groove corresponding to the ridge, in order to obtain perfect coaxial positioning of the two parts with respect to each other. 25. An irradiation cell for producing a radioisotope of interest through the irradiation of a target material by a particle beam, the irradiation cell comprising a target body, a removable metallic insert comprising a cavity designed to house the target material, the cavity closed by an irradiation window and the metallic insert configured to be inserted in and removed from the target body, wherein the removable metallic insert comprises at least two separate metallic parts of different materials, the metallic insert comprising at least a first part and a second part, the first part having an elongated cavity that is longer in a direction parallel to the particle beam that irradiates the target than in a direction perpendicular to the particle beam, and the second part partially surrounding the first part and forming a channel configured to guide a cooling medium in a direction parallel to the direction of the beam and perpendicular to the direction of the beam so that the cooling medium surrounds the cavity, the first part being removable from the irradiation cell without removal of the second part by sliding the first part in a direction parallel to the particle beam. 26. The irradiation cell according to claim 25, wherein said cell further comprises a coolant supply configured to supply the cooling medium with the coolant supply in connection with the channel, a diffuser device surrounding the first part, the diffuser device being configured to guide the cooling medium around the first part, and wherein the second part surrounds both the first part and the diffuser device in a manner to form a return path for the cooling medium between the diffuser device and the second part. 27. The irradiation cell according to claim 25, wherein the contact between the first and second part is a metal-to-metal contact, and wherein the parts are sealed by at least one O-ring. 28. The irradiation cell according to claim 25, wherein the first and second parts are sealed by a gold foil between the parts. 29. The irradiation cell according to claim 25, wherein the first and second parts are assembled together by a number of bolts. 30. The irradiation cell according to claim 25, wherein the first and second parts are assembled together by welding. 31. The irradiation cell according to claim 25, wherein the first part comprises a flat, circular and ring-shaped portion having an inner circular edge and an outer circular edge, a cylindrical portion rising perpendicularly from the inner circular edge of the flat portion, and a hemispherical portion being on top of the cylindrical portion, the cavity being formed inside the cylindrical and hemispherical portions. 32. The irradiation cell according to claim 25, wherein the first part is made of niobium or tantalum. 33. The irradiation cell according to claim 25, wherein the second part is made of stainless steel. 34. The irradiation cell according to claim 25, wherein the cell further comprises a supply tube configured to supply a cooling medium and, in connection with the supply tube, a diffuser device mounted on one end of the supply tube, the diffuser device surrounding the first part, the diffuser element being configured to guide the cooling medium around the first part, and wherein the second part surrounds both the first part and the diffuser element in a manner to form a return path for the cooling medium between the diffuser element and the second part. 35. An irradiation cell for producing a radioisotope of interest through the irradiation of a target material by a particle beam, the irradiation cell comprising a target body, a removable metallic insert comprising a cavity designed to house the target material, the cavity closed by an irradiation window and the metallic insert configured to be inserted in and removed from the target body, wherein the removable metallic insert comprises at least two separate metallic parts of different materials, the metallic insert comprising at least a first part and a second part, the first part machined from a material selected from the group consisting of niobium and tantalum and forming a cavity surrounded by a wall having a thickness between 0.3 and 0.7 mm, the cavity being elongate in a direction parallel to the particle beam that irradiates the target, and the second part being a generally cylindrical hollow member comprising a material selected from the group consisting of stainless steel, silver, and titanium, the second part partially surrounding the first part and forming a channel configured to guide a cooling medium in a direction parallel to the direction of the beam and perpendicular to the direction of the beam so that the cooling medium surrounds the cavity, the first part removable from the irradiation cell without removal of the second part by sliding the first part in a direction parallel to the particle beam;wherein the cell further comprises a supply tube configured to supply a cooling medium and, in connection with the supply tube, a diffuser device mounted on one end of the supply tube, the diffuser device surrounding the first part, the diffuser element being configured to guide the cooling medium around the first part, and wherein the second part surrounds both the first part and the diffuser element in a manner to form a return path for the cooling medium between the diffuser element and the second part.