Patent Number: 
Section: claims

1. A defect inspection method comprising:areally irradiating a first region of a specimen with a first electron beam;applying such a negative potential that said first electron beam is reflected immediately before entering said first region of said specimen; andfocusing the reflected electrons into an image and inspecting a defect of said specimen,wherein said defect inspection method further comprising a process of equalizing the electrification distribution of said first region by irradiating a second region including said first region of said specimen with ultraviolet rays or a second electron beam before said first region is inspected. 2. A defect inspection method comprising:obtaining an image of a circuit pattern formed on a specimen by areally irradiating said specimen with a first electron beam, reflecting said first electron beam immediately before entering said specimen, and focusing the reflected electrons into an image; andinspecting and detecting a defect existing in said circuit pattern on the basis of the circuit pattern image,wherein the electrification potential distribution of said specimen generated by irradiating the surface of said specimen with ultraviolet rays or a second electron beam before obtaining said circuit pattern image is uniform. 3. A defect inspection method according to claim 1, wherein the uniformity of the electrification potential of said specimen is such that the deviation of the electrification potential at each part of said specimen from the average value of the electrification potentials on the entire surface of said specimen is 1 V or less. 4. A defect inspection method according to claim 1, wherein said specimen is intermittently irradiated with said second electron beam. 5. An inspection apparatus comprising:an electron optical system to irradiate a first region of a specimen with an electron beam;a specimen stage to retain said specimen;a means of applying such a voltage that said electron beam with which said specimen is irradiated does not enter said specimen but is reflected to said specimen stage or said specimen;a means of detecting the electrons reflected from the side of said specimen by the application of said voltage;a means of forming an inspection image and detecting a defect of said specimen on the basis of the detection signals of said detecting means; anda means of irradiating said first region with ultraviolet rays or a second electron beam before said inspection image is formed. 6. An inspection apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the uniformity of the electrification potential of said first region is such that the deviation of the electrification potential at each part of said specimen from the average value of the electrification potentials on the entire surface of said specimen is 1 V or less. 7. An inspection apparatus according to claim 5, wherein said inspection apparatus is provided with a means of continuously moving said specimen stage. 8. An inspection apparatus according to claim 5, wherein said means of emitting said ultraviolet rays or said second electron beam is a preliminary electrifier equipped with at least an ultraviolet light source or an electron source. 9. An inspection apparatus according to claim 5, wherein said inspection apparatus has a means of continuously moving said specimen. 10. An inspection apparatus according to claim 5, wherein: said inspection apparatus comprises an electrification control electrode to control secondary electrons generated from said specimen by being irradiated with said second electron beam or vacuum ultraviolet rays; and said electrification control electrode has an opening through which said second electron beam passes or said ultraviolet rays pass. 11. An inspection apparatus according to claim 10, wherein said opening has a shape the length of which in the direction perpendicular to the continuously moving direction of said specimen is longer than the length of said shape in the direction parallel with the continuously moving direction of said specimen. 12. An inspection apparatus according to claim 5, wherein said inspection apparatus has a beam forming slit between said electrification control electrode and the electron source of said second electron beam so that said electrification control electrode may not be irradiated with said second electron beam. 13. An inspection apparatus according to claim 10, wherein plural conductive wires are attached to the opening of said electrification control electrode so as to extend in the direction perpendicular to the continuously moving direction of said specimen. 14. An inspection apparatus according to claim 10, wherein said electrification control electrode has plural openings. 15. An inspection apparatus according to claim 12, wherein said beam forming slit comprises plural slits. 16. An inspection apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the shape of the opening of said electrification control electrode is configured so as to have the regions where the width of said opening gradually narrows toward both the ends of said opening so that the strength of said second electron beam with which said specimen is irradiated may gradually decrease toward both the ends of said opening. 17. An inspection apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the lengths of the sides of said plural openings are changed from each other. 18. An inspection apparatus according to claim 8, wherein said preliminary electrifier has an extraction electrode of said second electron beam and said extraction electrode is provided with a slit to form a beam. 19. An inspection apparatus according to claim 8, wherein said preliminary electrifier has a blanker. 20. A defect inspection method according to claim 2, wherein the uniformity of the electrification potential of said specimen is such that the deviation of the electrification potential at each part of said specimen from the average value of the electrification potentials on the entire surface of said specimen is 1 V or less. 21. A defect inspection method according to claim 2, wherein said specimen is intermittently irradiated with said second electron beam. 22. A defect inspection method according to claim 3, wherein said specimen is intermittently irradiated with said second electron beam. 23. A defect inspection method according to claim 20, wherein said specimen is intermittently irradiated with said second electron beam.