Patent Number: 062495666
Section: claims

1. An apparatus for X-ray analysis in which X-rays emitted from an X-ray source are reflected by a monochromator and are to be incident on a sample, wherein: (a) said X-ray source is a microfocus X-ray source having an apparent focal spot size of less than 30 micrometers;  (b) said monochromator is a composite monochromator comprising a first elliptic monochromator and a second elliptic monochromator;  (c) assuming that a three-dimensional rectangular coordinate axis XYZ is set in space, said first elliptic monochromator has a reflecting surface which is an elliptic-arc surface with focal axes substantially parallel to an X-direction, and said second elliptic monochromator has a reflecting surface which is an elliptic-arc surface with focal axes substantially parallel to a Y-direction;  (d) said first elliptic monochromator has one side which is in contact with one side of said second elliptic monochromator;  (e) said X-ray source is positioned at a first focal point of said first elliptic monochromator as viewed in said X-direction;  (f) said X-ray source is positioned at a first focal point of said second elliptic monochromator as viewed in said Y-direction;  (g) each of said first and second elliptic monochromators comprises a synthetic multilayered thin film whose d-spacing varies continuously along an elliptic-arc so as to satisfy a Bragg equation for X-rays of a predetermined wavelength at any point of said reflecting surface; and  (h) a minimum distance between a focal spot of said X-ray source and said composite monochromator is less than 50 mm.  (a) said X-ray source is a microfocus X-ray source having an apparent focal spot size of less than 30 micrometers;  (b) said monochromator is a composite monochromator comprising a first elliptic monochromator and a second elliptic monochromator;  (c) assuming that a three-dimensional rectangular coordinate axis XYZ is set in space, said first elliptic monochromator has a reflecting surface which is an elliptic-arc surface with focal axes substantially parallel to an X-direction, and said second elliptic monochromator has a reflecting surface which is an elliptic-arc surface with focal axes substantially parallel to a Y-direction;  (d) said first elliptic monochromator has one side which is in contact with one side of said second elliptic monochromator;  (e) said X-ray source is positioned at a first focal point of said first elliptic monochromator as viewed in said X-direction;  (f) said X-ray source is positioned at a first focal point of said second elliptic monochromator as viewed in said Y-direction;  (g) each of said first and second elliptic monochromators comprises a synthetic multilayered thin film whose d-spacing varies continuously along an elliptic-arc so as to satisfy a Bragg equation for X-rays of a predetermined wavelength at any point of said reflecting surface; and  (h) a solid angle of X-rays which are caught by said composite monochromator is more than 0.0005 steradian.  (a) said X-ray source is a microfocus X-ray source having an apparent focal spot size of less than 30 micrometers;  (b) said monochromator is a composite monochromator comprising a first elliptic monochromator and a second elliptic monochromator;  (c) assuming that a three-dimensional rectangular coordinate axis XYZ is set in space, said first elliptic monochromator has a reflecting surface which is an elliptic-arc surface with focal axes substantially parallel to an X-direction, and said second elliptic monochromator has a reflecting surface which is an elliptic-arc surface with focal axes substantially parallel to a Y-direction;  (d) said first elliptic monochromator has one side which is in contact with one side of said second elliptic monochromator;  (e) said X-ray source is positioned at a first focal point of said first elliptic monochromator as viewed in said X-direction;  (f) said X-ray source is positioned at a first focal point of said second elliptic monochromator as viewed in said Y- direction;  (g) each of said first and second elliptic monochromators comprises a synthetic multilayered thin film whose d-spacing varies continuously along an elliptic-arc so as to satisfy a Bragg equation for X-rays of a predetermined wavelength at any point of said reflecting surface; and  (h) each of an ellipse defining said first elliptic monochromator and an ellipse defining said second elliptic monochromator has a compressed shape so that a distance L between the two focal points of each said ellipse is 4000 to 10000 times p, with p being a minimum distance between each said ellipse and one of the focal points of each said ellipse.  (a) said monochromator is a composite monochromator comprising a first elliptic monochromator and a second elliptic monochromator;  (b) assuming that a three-dimensional rectangular coordinate axis XYZ is set in space, said first elliptic monochromator has a reflecting surface which is an elliptic-arc surface with focal axes substantially parallel to an X-direction, and said second elliptic monochromator has a reflecting surface which is an elliptic-arc surface with focal axes substantially parallel to a Y-direction;  (c) said first elliptic monochromator has one side which is in contact with one side of said second elliptic monochromator;  (d) said X-ray source is positioned at a first focal point of said first elliptic monochromator as viewed in said X-direction;  (e) said X-ray source is positioned at a first focal point of said second elliptic monochromator as viewed in said Y-direction;  (f) each of said first and second elliptic monochromators comprises a synthetic multilayered thin film whose d-spacing varies continuously along an elliptic-arc so as to satisfy a Bragg equation for X-rays of a predetermined wavelength at any point of said reflecting surface; and  (g) a solid angle of X-rays which are emitted from said X-ray source and caught by said composite monochromator is more than 0.0005 steradian.  (a) said monochromator is a composite monochromator comprising a first elliptic monochromator and a second elliptic monochromator;  (b) assuming that a three-dimensional rectangular coordinate axis XYZ is set in space, said first elliptic monochromator has a reflecting surface which is an elliptic-arc surface with focal axes substantially parallel to an X-direction, and said second elliptic monochromator has a reflecting surface which is an elliptic-arc surface with focal axes substantially parallel to a Y-direction;  (c) said first elliptic monochromator has one side which is in contact with one side of said second elliptic monochromator;  (d) said X-ray source is positioned at a first focal point of said first elliptic monochromator as viewed in said X-direction;  (e) said X-ray source is positioned at a first focal point of said second elliptic monochromator as viewed in said Y-direction;  (f) each of said first and second elliptic monochromators comprises a synthetic multilayered thin film whose d-spacing varies continuously along an elliptic-arc so as to satisfy a Bragg equation for X-rays of a predetermined wavelength at any point of said reflecting surface; and  (g) a minimum distance between a focal spot of said X-ray source and said composite monochromator is less than 50 mm.  (a) said monochromator is a composite monochromator comprising a first elliptic monochromator and a second elliptic monochromator;  (b) assuming that a three-dimensional rectangular coordinate axis XYZ is set in space, said first elliptic monochromator has a reflecting surface which is an elliptic-arc surface with focal axes substantially parallel to an X-direction, and said second elliptic monochromator has a reflecting surface which is an elliptic-arc surface with focal axes substantially parallel to a Y-direction;  (c) said first elliptic monochromator has one side which is in contact with one side of said second elliptic monochromator;  (d) said X-ray source is positioned at a first focal point of said first elliptic monochromator as viewed in said X-direction;  (e) said X-ray source is positioned at a first focal point of said second elliptic monochromator as viewed in said Y-direction;  (f) each of said first and second elliptic monochromators comprises a synthetic multilayered thin film whose d-spacing varies continuously along an elliptic-arc so as to satisfy a Bragg equation for X-rays of a predetermined wavelength at any point of said reflecting surface; and  (g) each of an ellipse defining said first elliptic monochromator and an ellipse defining said second elliptic monochromator has a compressed shape so that a distance L between the two focal points of each said ellipse is 4000 to 10000 times p, with p being a minimum distance between each said ellipse and one of the focal points of each said ellipse.  (a) said X-ray source is a microfocus X-ray source having an apparent focal spot size of less than 30 micrometers;  (b) said monochromator is a composite monochromator comprising a first elliptic monochromator and a second elliptic monochromator;  (c) assuming that a three-dimensional rectangular coordinate axis XYZ is set in space, said first elliptic monochromator has a reflecting surface which is an elliptic-arc surface with focal axes substantially parallel to an X-direction, and said second elliptic monochromator has a reflecting surface which is an elliptic-arc surface with focal axes substantially parallel to a Y-direction;  (d) said first elliptic monochromator has one side which is in contact with one side of said second elliptic monochromator;  (e) said X-ray source is positioned at a first focal point of said first elliptic monochromator as viewed in said X-direction;  (f) said X-ray source is positioned at a first focal point of said second elliptic monochromator as viewed in said Y-direction;  (g) each of said first and second elliptic monochromators comprises a synthetic multilayered thin film whose d-spacing varies continuously along an elliptic-arc so as to satisfy a Bragg equation for X-rays of a predetermined wavelength at any point of said reflecting surface; and  (h) a minimum distance between a focal spot of said X-ray source and said composite monochromator is less than 50 mm.  (a) said X-ray source is a microfocus X-ray source having an apparent focal spot size of less than 30 micrometers;  (b) said monochromator is a composite monochromator comprising a first elliptic monochromator and a second elliptic monochromator;  (c) assuming that a three-dimensional rectangular coordinate axis XYZ is set in space, said first elliptic monochromator has a reflecting surface which is an elliptic-arc surface with focal axes substantially parallel to an X-direction, and said second elliptic monochromator has a reflecting surface which is an elliptic-arc surface with focal axes substantially parallel to a Y-direction;  (d) said first elliptic monochromator has one side which is in contact with one side of said second elliptic monochromator;  (e) said X-ray source is positioned at a first focal point of said first elliptic monochromator as viewed in said X-direction;  (f) said X-ray source is positioned at a first focal point of said second elliptic monochromator as viewed in said Y-direction;  (g) each of said first and second elliptic monochromators comprises a synthetic multilayered thin film whose d-spacing varies continuously along an elliptic-arc so as to satisfy a Bragg equation for X-rays of a predetermined wavelength at any point of said reflecting surface; and  (h) a solid angle of X-rays which are caught by said composite monochromator is more than 0.0005 steradian.  (a) said X-ray source is a microfocus X-ray source having an apparent focal spot size of less than 30 micrometers;  (b) said monochromator is a composite monochromator comprising a first elliptic monochromator and a second elliptic monochromator;  (c) assuming that a three-dimensional rectangular coordinate axis XYZ is set in space, said first elliptic monochromator has a reflecting surface which is an elliptic-arc surface with focal axes substantially parallel to an X-direction, and said second elliptic monochromator has a reflecting surface which is an elliptic-arc surface with focal axes substantially parallel to a Y-direction;  (d) said first elliptic monochromator has one side which is in contact with one side of said second elliptic monochromator;  (e) said X-ray source is positioned at a first focal point of said first elliptic monochromator as viewed in said X-direction;  (f) said X-ray source is positioned at a first focal point of said second elliptic monochromator as viewed in said Y-direction;  (g) each of said first and second elliptic monochromators comprises a synthetic multilayered thin film whose d-spacing varies continuously along an elliptic-arc so as to satisfy a Bragg equation for X-rays of a predetermined wavelength at any point of said reflecting surface; and  (h) each of an ellipse defining said first elliptic monochromator and an ellipse defining said second elliptic monochromator has a compressed shape so that a distance L between the two focal points of each said ellipse is 4000 to 10000 times p, with p being a minimum distance between each said ellipse and one of the focal points of each said ellipse.  (a) said monochromator is a composite monochromator comprising a first elliptic monochromator and a second elliptic monochromator;  (b) assuming that a three-dimensional rectangular coordinate axis XYZ is set in space, said first elliptic monochromator has a reflecting surface which is an elliptic-arc surface with focal axes substantially parallel to an X-direction, and said second elliptic monochromator has a reflecting surface which is an elliptic-arc surface with focal axes substantially parallel to a Y-direction;  (c) said first elliptic monochromator has one side which is in contact with one side of said second elliptic monochromator;  (d) said X-ray source is positioned at a first focal point of said first elliptic monochromator as viewed in said X-direction;  (e) said X-ray source is positioned at a first focal point of said second elliptic monochromator as viewed in said Y-direction;  (f) each of said first and second elliptic monochromators comprises a synthetic multilayered thin film whose d-spacing varies continuously along an elliptic-arc so as to satisfy a Bragg equation for X-rays of a predetermined wavelength at any point of said reflecting surface; and  (g) a solid angle of X-rays which are emitted from said X-ray source and caught by said composite monochromator is more than 0.0005 steradian.  (a) said monochromator is a composite monochromator comprising a first elliptic monochromator and a second elliptic monochromator;  (b) assuming that a three-dimensional rectangular coordinate axis XYZ is set in space, said first elliptic monochromator has a reflecting surface which is an elliptic-arc surface with focal axes substantially parallel to an X-direction, and said second elliptic monochromator has a reflecting surface which is an elliptic-arc surface with focal axes substantially parallel to a Y-direction;  (c) said first elliptic monochromator has one side which is in contact with one side of said second elliptic monochromator;  (d) said X-ray source is positioned at a first focal point of said first elliptic monochromator as viewed in said X-direction;  (e) said X-ray source is positioned at a first focal point of said second elliptic monochromator as viewed in said Y-direction;  (f) each of said first and second elliptic monochromators comprises a synthetic multilayered thin film whose d-spacing varies continuously along an elliptic-arc so as to satisfy a Bragg equation for X-rays of a predetermined wavelength at any point of said reflecting surface; and  (g) a minimum distance between a focal spot of said X-ray source and said composite monochromator is less than 50 mm.  (a) said monochromator is a composite monochromator comprising a first elliptic monochromator and a second elliptic monochromator;  (b) assuming that a three-dimensional rectangular coordinate axis XYZ is set in space, said first elliptic monochromator has a reflecting surface which is an elliptic-arc surface with focal axes substantially parallel to an X-direction, and said second elliptic monochromator has a reflecting surface which is an elliptic-arc surface with focal axes substantially parallel to a Y-direction;  (c) said first elliptic monochromator has one side which is in contact with one side of said second elliptic monochromator;  (d) said X-ray source is positioned at a first focal point of said first elliptic monochromator as viewed in said X-direction;  (e) said X-ray source is positioned at a first focal point of said second elliptic monochromator as viewed in said Y-direction;  (f) each of said first and second elliptic monochromators comprises a synthetic multilayered thin film whose d-spacing varies continuously along an elliptic-arc so as to satisfy a Bragg equation for X-rays of a predetermined wavelength at any point of said reflecting surface; and  (g) each of an ellipse defining said first elliptic monochromator and an ellipse defining said second elliptic monochromator has a compressed shape so that a distance L between the two focal points of each said ellipse is 4000 to 10000 times p, with p being a minimum distance between each said ellipse and one of the focal points of each said ellipse.  (a) said X-ray source is a microfocus X-ray source having an apparent focal spot size of less than 30 micrometers;  (b) said monochromator is a composite monochromator comprising a first parabolic monochromator and a second parabolic monochromator;  (c) assuming that a three-dimensional rectangular coordinate axis XYZ is set in space, said first parabolic monochromator has a reflecting surface which is a parabolic-arc surface with a focal axis substantially parallel to an X-direction, and said second parabolic monochromator has a reflecting surface which is a parabolic-arc surface with a focal axis substantially parallel to a Y-direction;  (d) said first parabolic monochromator has one side which is in contact with one side of said second parabolic monochromator;  (e) said X-ray source is positioned at a focal point of said first parabolic monochromator as viewed in said X-direction;  (f) said X-ray source is positioned at a focal point of said second parabolic monochromator as viewed in said Y-direction;  (g) each of said first and second parabolic monochromators comprises a synthetic multilayered thin film whose d-spacing varies continuously along a parabolic-arc so as to satisfy a Bragg equation for X-rays of a predetermined wavelength at any point of said reflecting surface; and  (h) a minimum distance between a focal spot of said X-ray source and said composite monochromator is less than 50 mm.  (a) said monochromator is a composite monochromator comprising a first parabolic monochromator and a second parabolic monochromator;  (b) assuming that a three-dimensional rectangular coordinate axis XYZ is set in space, said first parabolic monochromator has a reflecting surface which is a parabolic-arc surface with focal axes substantially parallel to an X-direction, and said second parabolic monochromator has a reflecting surface which is a parabolic-arc surface with focal axes substantially parallel to a Y-direction;  (c) said first parabolic monochromator has one side which is in contact with one side of said second parabolic monochromator;  (d) said X-ray source is positioned at a focal point of said first parabolic monochromator as viewed in said X-direction;  (e) said X-ray source is positioned at a focal point of said second parabolic monochromator as viewed in said Y-direction;  (f) each of said first and second parabolic monochromators comprises a synthetic multilayered thin film whose d-spacing varies continuously along a parabolic-arc so as to satisfy a Bragg equation for X-rays of a predetermined wavelength at any point of said reflecting surface; and  (g) a solid angle of X-rays which are emitted from said X-ray source and caught by said composite monochromator is more than 0.0005 steradian.  (a) said monochromator is a composite monochromator comprising a first parabolic monochromator and a second parabolic monochromator;  (b) assuming that a three-dimensional rectangular coordinate axis XYZ is set in space, said first parabolic monochromator has a reflecting surface which is a parabolic-arc surface with focal axes substantially parallel to an X-direction, and said second parabolic monochromator has a reflecting surface which is a parabolic-arc surface with focal axes substantially parallel to a Y-direction;  (c) said first parabolic monochromator has one side which is in contact with one side of said second parabolic monochromator;  (d) said X-ray source is positioned at a focal point of said first parabolic monochromator as viewed in said X-direction;  (e) said X-ray source is positioned at a focal point of said second parabolic monochromator as viewed in said Y-direction;  (f) each of said first and second parabolic monochromators comprises a synthetic multilayered thin film whose d-spacing varies continuously along a parabolic-arc so as to satisfy a Bragg equation for X-rays of a predetermined wavelength at any point of said reflecting surface; and  (g) a minimum distance between a focal spot of said X-ray source and said composite monochromator is less than 50 mm.  (a) said X-ray source is a microfocus X-ray source having an apparent focal spot size of less than 30 micrometers;  (b) said monochromator is a composite monochromator comprising a first parabolic monochromator and a second parabolic monochromator;  (c) assuming that a three-dimensional rectangular coordinate axis XYZ is set in space, said first parabolic monochromator has a reflecting surface which is a parabolic-arc surface with a focal axis substantially parallel to an X-direction, and said second parabolic monochromator has a reflecting surface which is a parabolic-arc surface with a focal axis substantially parallel to a Y-direction;  (d) said first parabolic monochromator has one side which is in contact with one side of said second parabolic monochromator;  (e) said X-ray source is positioned at a focal point of said first parabolic monochromator as viewed in said X-direction;  (f) said X-ray source is positioned at a focal point of said second parabolic monochromator as viewed in said Y-direction;  (g) each of said first and second parabolic monochromators comprises a synthetic multilayered thin film whose d-spacing varies continuously along a parabolic-arc so as to satisfy a Bragg equation for X-rays of a predetermined wavelength at any point of said reflecting surface; and  (h) a minimum distance between a focal spot of said X-ray source and said composite monochromator is less than 50 mm.  (a) said monochromator is a composite monochromator comprising a first parabolic monochromator and a second parabolic monochromator;  (b) assuming that a three-dimensional rectangular coordinate axis XYZ is set in space, said first parabolic monochromator has a reflecting surface which is a parabolic-arc surface with focal axes substantially parallel to an X-direction, and said second parabolic monochromator has a reflecting surface which is a parabolic-arc surface with focal axes substantially parallel to a Y-direction;  (c) said first parabolic monochromator has one side which is in contact with one side of said second parabolic monochromator;  (d) said X-ray source is positioned at a focal point of said first parabolic monochromator as viewed in said X-direction;  (e) said X-ray source is positioned at a focal point of said second parabolic monochromator as viewed in said Y-direction;  (f) each of said first and second parabolic monochromators comprises a synthetic multilayered thin film whose d-spacing varies continuously along a parabolic-arc so as to satisfy a Bragg equation for X-rays of a predetermined wavelength at any point of said reflecting surface; and  (g) a solid angle of X-rays which are emitted from said X-ray source and caught by said composite monochromator is more than 0.0005 steradian.  (a) said monochromator is a composite monochromator comprising a first parabolic monochromator and a second parabolic monochromator;  (b) assuming that a three-dimensional rectangular coordinate axis XYZ is set in space, said first parabolic monochromator has a reflecting surface which is a parabolic-arc surface with focal axes substantially parallel to an X-direction, and said second parabolic monochromator has a reflecting surface which is a parabolic-arc surface with focal axes substantially parallel to a Y-direction;  (c) said first parabolic monochromator has one side which is in contact with one side of said second parabolic monochromator;  (d) said X-ray source is positioned at a focal point of said first parabolic monochromator as viewed in said X-direction;  (e) said X-ray source is positioned at a focal point of said second parabolic monochromator as viewed in said Y-direction;  (f) each of said first and second parabolic monochromators comprises a synthetic multilayered thin film whose d-spacing varies continuously along a parabolic-arc so as to satisfy a Bragg equation for X-rays of a predetermined wavelength at any point of said reflecting surface; and  (g) a minimum distance between a focal spot of said X-ray source and said composite monochromator is less than 50 mm. 2. An apparatus for X-ray analysis according to claim 1, wherein the minimum distance between the focal spot of said X-ray source and said composite monochromator is less than 30 mm. 3. An apparatus for X-ray analysis according to claim 2, wherein said apparent focal spot size is 2 to 20 micrometers. 4. An apparatus for X-ray analysis according to claim 1, wherein said apparent focal spot size is 2 to 20 micrometers. 5. An apparatus for X-ray analysis in which X-rays emitted from an X-ray source are reflected by a monochromator and are to be incident on a sample, wherein: 6. An apparatus for X-ray analysis according to claim 5, wherein said apparent focal spot size is 2 to 20 micrometers. 7. An apparatus for X-ray analysis in which X-rays emitted from an X-ray source are reflected by a monochromator and are to be incident on a sample, wherein: 8. An apparatus for X-ray analysis according to claim 7, wherein said apparent focal spot size is 2 to 20 micrometers. 9. An apparatus for X-ray analysis in which X-rays emitted from an X-ray source are reflected by a monochromator and are to be incident on a sample, wherein: 10. An apparatus for X-ray analysis according to claim 9, wherein said sample is located at or near, in a direction of an optical axis, a second focal point of said first elliptic monochromator, and said sample is located at or near, in a direction of an optical axis, a second focal point of said second elliptic monochromator. 11. An apparatus for X-ray analysis in which X-rays emitted from an X-ray source are reflected by a monochromator and are to be incident on a sample, wherein: 12. An apparatus for X-ray analysis according to claim 11, wherein said sample is located at or near, in a direction of an optical axis, a second focal point of said first elliptic monochromator, and said sample is located at or near, in a direction of an optical axis, a second focal point of said second elliptic monochromator. 13. An apparatus for X-ray analysis in which X-rays emitted from an X-ray source are reflected by a monochromator and are to be incident on a sample, wherein: 14. An apparatus for X-ray analysis according to claim 13, wherein said sample is located at or near, in a direction of an optical axis, a second focal point of said first elliptic monochromator, and said sample is located at or near, in a direction of an optical axis, a second focal point of said second elliptic monochromator. 15. An apparatus for supplying X-rays in which X-rays emitted from an X-ray source are reflected by a monochromator, wherein: 16. An apparatus for supplying X-rays according to claim 15, wherein said apparent focal spot size is 2 to 20 micrometers. 17. An apparatus for supplying X-rays in which X-rays emitted from an X-ray source are reflected by a monochromator, wherein: 18. An apparatus for supplying X-rays according to claim 17, wherein said apparent focal spot size is 2 to 20 micrometers. 19. An apparatus for supplying X-rays in which X-rays emitted from an X-ray source are reflected by a monochromator, wherein: 20. An apparatus for supplying X-rays according to claim 19, wherein said apparent focal spot size is 2 to 20 micrometers. 21. An apparatus for supplying X-rays in which X-rays emitted from an X-ray source are reflected by a monochromator, wherein: 22. An apparatus for supplying X-rays in which X-rays emitted from an X-ray source are reflected by a monochromator, wherein: 23. An apparatus for supplying X-rays in which X-rays emitted from an X-ray source are reflected by a monochromator, wherein: 24. An apparatus for X-ray analysis in which X-rays emitted from an X-ray source are reflected by a monochromator and are to be incident on a sample, wherein: 25. An apparatus for X-ray analysis in which X-rays emitted from an X-ray source are reflected by a monochromator and are to be incident on a sample, wherein: 26. An apparatus for X-ray analysis in which X-rays emitted from an X-ray source are reflected by a monochromator and are to be incident on a sample, wherein: 27. An apparatus for supplying X-rays in which X-rays emitted from an X-ray source are reflected by a monochromator, wherein: 28. An apparatus for supplying X-rays in which X-rays emitted from an X-ray source are reflected by a monochromator, wherein: 29. An apparatus for supplying X-rays in which X-rays emitted from an X-ray source are reflected by a monochromator, wherein: