Patent Number: 
Section: claims

1. An analyzer, comprising:a monochromator that receives X-ray radiation emitted by a sample and reflects and refracts the X-ray radiation to create diffraction lines; anda detector that receives the diffraction lines and converts the diffraction lines into an electrical signal;wherein:the monochromator comprises a single-crystal lithium fluoride doped with at least 0.018 mol per kg of a divalent positive ion M present in a fluorinated state; andthe analyzer is configured to perform elemental analysis of the sample. 2. The analyzer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ionic radius of the divalent ion M ranges from 55 to 80 picometers. 3. The analyzer as claimed in claim 2, wherein M is present in the fluoride in an amount of at least 0.02 mol per kg. 4. The analyzer as claimed in claim 3, wherein M is present in the fluoride in an amount of at least 0.023 mol per kg. 5. The analyzer as claimed in claim 4, wherein M is present in the fluoride in an amount of at least 0.025 mol per kg. 6. The analyzer as claimed in claim 1, wherein M is present in the fluoride in an amount of at most 0.082 mol per kg. 7. The analyzer as claimed in claim 6, wherein M is present in the fluoride in an amount of at most 0.045 mol per kg. 8. The analyzer as claimed in claim 1, wherein M is Mg2+. 9. The analyzer as claimed in claim 1, wherein M is Co2+. 10. The analyzer as claimed in claim 1, wherein M is Zn2+. 11. The analyzer as claimed in claim 1, wherein M is a mixture of at least two ions chosen from Mg2+, Zn2+ and Co2+. 12. The analyzer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fluoride is present in the form of a cube or a parallelepiped shape. 13. The analyzer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the volume of the fluoride ranges from 2.5×10−3 cm3 to 30 cm3. 14. The analyzer as claimed in claim 13, wherein the volume of the fluoride ranges from 0.01 to 20 cm3. 15. The analyzer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fluoride has a cleaved surface. 16. The analyzer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fluoride has a surface that is ground and then treated in an acid medium or polished. 17. The analyzer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the detector comprises at least one scintillator consisting of a rare-earth halide. 18. The analyzer as claimed in claim 17, wherein the rare-earth halide is CeCl3-doped LaCl3 or CeBr3-doped LaBr3. 19. A method, comprising:analyzing an element of a specimen with the analyzer as claimed in claim 1;wherein:the analyzer comprises a detector consisting of a scintillator; andthe scintillator is set on a line having a wavelength of less than 3 Å. 20. The method as claimed in claim 19, wherein the scintillator is set on a line having a wavelength of less than 2 Å. 21. The method as claimed in claim 20, wherein the scintillator is set on a line having a wavelength of less than 1.5 Å. 22. A process for performing elemental analysis of a sample, comprising:exciting the sample with a primary X-ray beam so that the sample emits a second X-ray beam by fluorescence;reflecting and refracting the second X-ray beam into diffraction lines with a monochromator; anddetecting the diffraction lines and converting the diffraction lines into an electrical signal with a detector;wherein the monochromator comprises a single-crystal lithium fluoride doped with at least 0.018 mol per kg of a divalent positive ion M present in a fluorinated state. 23. A single-crystal lithium fluoride doped with 0.023 to 0.082 mol per kg of a divalent positive ion M present in the fluorinated state, wherein essentially all M ions are in the single-crystal cation lattice. 24. The fluoride as claimed in claim 23, wherein the ionic radius of the divalent ion M ranges from 55 to 80 picometers. 25. The fluoride as claimed in claim 24, wherein M is present in an amount of at least 0.025 mol per kg. 26. The fluoride as claimed in claim 25, wherein M is present in an amount of at most 0.045 mol per kg. 27. The fluoride as claimed in claim 23, wherein M is Mg2+. 28. The fluoride as claimed in claim 23, wherein M is Co2+. 29. The fluoride as claimed in claim 23, wherein M is Zn2+. 30. The fluoride as claimed in claim 23, wherein M is a mixture of at least two ions chosen from Mg2+, Zn2+ and Co2+. 31. The fluoride as claimed in claim 23, wherein said fluoride is present in the form of a cube or a parallelepiped shape. 32. The fluoride as claimed in claim 23, wherein the volume of said fluoride ranges from 2.5×10−3 cm to 30 cm3. 33. The fluoride as claimed in claim 32, wherein the volume ranges from 0.01 to 20 cm3. 34. The fluoride as claimed in claim 23, wherein said fluoride has a cleaved surface. 35. The fluoride as claimed in claim 23, wherein said fluoride has a surface that is ground and then treated in an acid medium or polished. 36. A method for preparing a monochromator, comprising utilizing the fluoride of claim 23.