Patent Number: 
Section: claims

1. An x-ray/gamma-ray detection apparatus, the apparatus including:a plurality of x-ray/gamma-ray detectors arranged in at least one linear array,a conveyor providing a position for a material under test that moves in relation to the at least one linear array,an x-ray/gamma-ray source, andat least three adjacent structures arranged side by side in the same plane, wherein the plane of the at least three adjacent structures lies parallel with the at least one linear array, each structure configured to perturb an x-ray/gamma-ray energy spectrum differently from each other, the x-ray/gamma-ray source, the at least one linear array, the position for a material under test, and the at least three adjacent structures being aligned,wherein the x-ray/gamma-ray source is arranged to direct an x-ray/gamma-ray energy spectrum to impinge upon, in order, each of: a positioned material under test; the at least three adjacent structures configured to perturb the x-ray/gamma-ray energy spectrum; and the at least one linear array, wherein said structures lie between the position for material under test and the at least one linear array. 2. An x-ray/gamma-ray detection apparatus according to claim 1, wherein each x-ray/gamma-ray detector is a single pixel detector. 3. An x-ray/gamma-ray detection apparatus according to claim 1, comprising a repeating array of the at least three adjacent structures. 4. An x-ray/gamma-ray detection apparatus according to claim 1, wherein each x-ray/gamma-ray detector includes a scintillator. 5. An x-ray/gamma-ray detection apparatus according to claim 1, comprising at least two linear arrays of x-ray/gamma-ray detectors aligned with each other and the x-ray/gamma-ray source, wherein the at least two linear arrays are aligned with each other in a selected one of two arrangements: side by side, and one above the other. 6. An x-ray/gamma-ray detection apparatus according to claim 5, wherein each x-ray/gamma-ray detector of one of the two linear arrays is associated with one of the at least three structures. 7. An x-ray/gamma-ray detection apparatus according to claim 5, comprising at least three linear arrays of x-ray/gamma-ray detectors aligned side by side, wherein the detectors of each respective linear array are aligned with a common one of the at least three adjacent structures. 8. An x-ray/gamma-ray detection apparatus according to claim 5, comprising two linear arrays of x-ray/gamma-ray detectors aligned with each other one above the other and the x-ray/gamma-ray source, wherein the at least three structures are situated between the two detectors. 9. An x-ray/gamma-ray detection apparatus according to claim 8, further comprising another at least three adjacent structures situated above the upper linear array of x-ray/gamma-ray detectors. 10. An x-ray/gamma-ray detection apparatus according to claim 1, comprising at least two linear arrays of x-ray/gamma-ray detectors, and wherein the linear arrays lie in different planes. 11. A method of generating an x-ray/gamma-ray image using x-ray/gamma-ray detection apparatus according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:a) Positioning a material in the apparatus;b) Causing the x-ray/gamma-ray source to direct an x-ray/gamma-ray energy spectrum to impinge upon the detectors of the at least one linear array of x-ray/gamma-ray detectors, the structure configured to perturb the x-ray/gamma-ray energy spectrum, and positioned material under test; andc) Analysing the signal of each detector of the or each linear array. 12. A method according to claim 11, wherein the method comprises the further step of recording the signals for each detector in the or each linear array of detectors and comparing the recorded signals with the recorded signals for adjacent detectors or groups of pixels. 13. A method according to claim 12, comprising the further step of performing the step of claim 12 without any object present after having performed the step of claim 11. 14. A method according to claim 13, comprising the further step of comparing the current differences between recorded signals between adjacent detectors. 15. A method according to claim 14, comprising the further step of following the method steps of claim 12 for at least one known material and storing the differences in a database, and comparing the differences between recorded signals for an object under test with the differences between recorded signals in the database. 16. A method according to claim 15 comprising the further step of producing at least one output representative of the at least one material property. 17. A method according to claim 16, comprising the further step of displaying the at least one output on a display means. 18. An x-ray/gamma-ray detection apparatus according to claim 5, wherein both of the at least two linear arrays are associated with one of the at least three structures. 19. An x-ray/gamma-ray detection apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the detectors of each of the at least two linear arrays have a capture frame rate, and wherein the movement of the conveyor is synchronized with the capture frame rate of the detectors of the at least two linear arrays. 20. An x-ray/gamma-ray detection apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the detectors of the at least one linear array have a capture frame rate, and wherein the movement of the conveyor is synchronized with the capture frame rate of the detectors of the at least one linear array.