Patent Number: 
Section: claims

1. A neutron beam controlling apparatus comprising a plurality of multilayered plate members, each of the plate members having on its one or both surfaces one or a plurality of minute protruding portions, and each of the protruding portions having an inclined surface which is inclined against the beam axis of neutron beam and serves as an incident plane or an outgoing plane for the neutron beam, wherein each of the minute protruding portions is a long and narrow protrusion extending in an area-wise direction and having both the inclined surface and a surface approximately normal to the plate member. 2. The neutron beam controlling apparatus of  claim 1 , wherein each of the plate members comprises at least one element selected from the group consisting of oxygen (O), carbon (C), beryllium (Be), fluorine (F) and deuterium (D 2 ). claim 1 3. The neutron beam controlling apparatus of  claim 1 , wherein each of the plate members comprises a material selected from the group consisting of polytetrafluoroethylene, carbon, deuterated polyethylene, heavy water and dry ice. claim 1 4. A neutron beam controlling apparatus comprising a plurality of multilayered plate members, each of the plate members having on its one or both surfaces one or a plurality of minute protruding portions, and each of the protruding portions having an inclined surface which is inclined against the beam axis of neutron beam and serves as an incident plane or an outgoing plane for the neutron beam, wherein each of the minute protruding portions is a long, narrow and linear protrusion having both the inclined surface and a surface approximately normal to the plate member, and all of the inclined surfaces incline toward the same direction. 5. A neutron energy measuring apparatus comprising: means for emitting neutrons therefrom in the form of neutron beam;  a neutron beam controlling apparatus according to  claim 4  to which the neutron beam is incident; and  claim 4 a position-sensitive neutron detector for detecting the neutrons emitted from the neutron beam controlling apparatus. 6. The neutron beam controlling apparatus of  claim 4 , wherein each of the plate members comprises a material mainly comprising at least one element selected from the group consisting of oxygen (O), carbon (C), beryllium (Be), fluorine (F) and deuterium (D 2 ). claim 4 7. The neutron beam controlling apparatus of  claim 4 , wherein each of the plate members comprises a material selected from the group consisting of polytetrafluoroethylene, carbon, deuterated polyethylene, heavy water and dry ice. claim 4 8. A neutron beam controlling apparatus comprising a plurality of multilayered plate members, each of the plate members having a first and second surface and on at least one of the surfaces one or a plurality of circularly protruding portions arranged so as to form a concentric structure around a central axis of the apparatus, each of the circularly protruding portions having a surface approximately normal to the plate member and a surface inclined toward the center of the concentric structure, wherein when the apparatus is observed in a direction parallel to the central axis, the superposition degree of the circularly protruding portions becomes larger as the distance from the central axis becomes longer. 9. A neutron beam controlling apparatus comprising (i) the neutron beam controlling apparatus according to  claim 8 ; and  claim 8 (iii) a neutron beam controlling apparatus comprising a plurality of multilayered plate members, each of the plate members having a first and second surface and on at least one of the surfaces one or a plurality of circularly protruding portions arranged so as to form a concentric structure around a central axis of the apparatus, each of the circularly protruding portions having a surface approximately normal to the plate member and a surface inclined outward the concentric structure, wherein when the apparatus is observed in a direction parallel to the central axis, the superposition degree of the circularly protruding portions becomes larger as the distance from the central axis becomes longer. 10. The neutron beam controlling apparatus of  claim 8 , wherein each of the plate members comprises a material mainly comprising at least one element selected from the group consisting of oxygen (O), carbon (C), beryllium (Be), fluorine (F) and deuterium (D 2 ). claim 8 11. The neutron beam controlling apparatus of  claim 8 , wherein each of the plate members comprises a material selected from the group consisting of polytetrafluoroethylene, carbon, deuterated polyethylene, heavy water and dry ice. claim 8 12. A neutron beam controlling apparatus comprising a plurality of multilayered plate members, each of the plate members having a first and second surface and on at least one of the surfaces one or a plurality of circularly protruding portions arranged so as to form a concentric structure around a central axis of the apparatus, each of the circularly protruding portions having a surface approximately normal to the plate member and a surface inclined outward the concentric structure, wherein when the apparatus is observed in a direction parallel to the central axis, the superposition degree of the circularly protruding portions becomes larger as the distance from the central axis becomes longer. 13. The neutron beam controlling apparatus of  claim 12 , wherein each of the plate members comprises a material mainly comprising at least one element selected from the group consisting of oxygen (O), carbon (C), beryllium (Be), fluorine (F) and deuterium (D 2 ). claim 12 14. The neutron beam controlling apparatus of  claim 12 , wherein each of the plate members comprises a material selected from the group consisting of polytetrafluoroethylene, carbon, deuterated polyethylene, heavy water and dry ice. claim 12 15. The neutron beam controlling apparatus of  claim 8  or  12 , wherein at least one of the plate members has an opening portion at the center. claim 8 12