Patent Number: 
Section: claims

1. An apparatus for use in making passive measurements of electromagnetic radiation emitted from an object located in a radioactive environment bounded by a radiation barrier, the apparatus comprising:a hollow, elongate conduit having a first end extending along a linear first conduit axis, a second end, and a reflective inner surface and extending through the radiation barrier;the first end of the conduit being positioned on one side of the radiation barrier and within the radioactive environment proximate the object,the second end of the conduit being positioned on an opposing second side of the radiation barrier and outside the radioactive environment,the conduit having at least one offset portion located between the first end and the second end and configured such that first conduit axis intersects the inner surface of the conduit at the offset portion whereby light entering the first end of the conduit is reflected exclusively by the inner surface of the conduit as it travels through the conduit before reaching the second end and streaming of ionizing radiation particles through the conduit from the first end to the second end is inhibited, andat least one of the first and second ends of the conduit being open; anda detector in optical communication with the second end of the conduit and configured to detect the electromagnetic radiation exiting the second end. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the inner surface of the conduit has a reflectivity of at least 0.85. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the inner surface of the conduit has a surface roughness of 15 μin Ra or less. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the conduit is formed from one of metal, and a non-metallic material, and the inner surface comprises a metallic material that has been applied to the non-metallic material. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the conduit has an inner diameter that is less than 10 mm. 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one offset portion is positioned either between the first end of the conduit and the radiation barrier, or within the radiation barrier. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the detector comprises a photomultiplier tube. 8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the detector is in optical communication with the second end of the conduit via at least one of a fiber optic cable and a mirror. 9. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a gas source in fluid communication with the conduit and operable to introduce and remove gas from the hollow interior of the conduit, and wherein the gas source is operable to introduce at least one of Helium and Carbon Dioxide to the hollow interior of the conduit. 10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the detector is configured to detect Cherenkov light. 11. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the object comprises a scintillator. 12. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the hollow elongate conduit is provided with no separate reflecting elements. 13. A method for making localized passive measurements of electromagnetic radiation emitted from an object located in a radioactive environment, the method comprising:a) providing a hollow elongate conduit having a first end, a second end, a reflective inner surface, and at least one bend between the first end and the second end, such that light entering the first end of the conduit is reflected exclusively by the inner surface of the conduit as it travels through the conduit before reaching the second end, at least one of the first and second ends of the conduit being open;b) positioning the first end of the conduit in the radioactive environment proximate the object;c) positioning the second end of the conduit outside the radioactive environment,d) providing a detector in optical communication with the second end of the conduit; ande) detecting electromagnetic radiation emitted from the object that reaches the second end of the conduit. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the detected electromagnetic radiation comprises Cherenkov light, and wherein the object is immersed in a fluid, wherein positioning the first end of the conduit in the radioactive environment proximate the object comprises positioning the first end of the conduit in the fluid, and wherein the method further comprises:providing a gas source in fluid communication with the conduit and operable to introduce and remove gas from the hollow interior of the conduit; andoperating the gas source to adjust the volume of gas within the conduit in order to control the level of fluid in the conduit. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the object comprises a scintillator. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein the detector comprises a photomultiplier tube. 17. The method of claim 13, wherein the inner surface of the conduit has a reflectivity of at least 0.85. 18. The method of claim 13, wherein the inner surface of the conduit has a surface roughness of 15 μin Ra or less. 19. The method of claim 13, wherein the hollow elongate conduit is provided with no separate reflecting elements.