Patent Number: 
Section: claims

1. Process for manufacturing a nuclear component via the method of chemical vapor deposition of an organometallic compound by direct liquid injection (DLI-MOCVD), the nuclear component being chosen from a nuclear fuel cladding, a spacer grid, a guide tube, a plate fuel and an absorber rod, the nuclear component comprising:i) a support containing a substrate based on a metal chosen from zirconium, titanium, vanadium, molybdenum or base alloys thereof and at least one protective layer;ii) said at least one protective layer coating said support and composed of a protective material comprising chromium which is a partially metastable chromium comprising a stable chromium crystalline phase comprising chromium of centered cubic crystallographic structure according to the Im-3m space group and a metastable chromium crystalline phase comprising chromium of centered cubic crystallographic structure according to the Pm-3n space group;the process comprising the following successive steps:a) vaporizing a mother solution containing a hydrocarbon-based solvent free of oxygen atoms and a precursor of bis(arene) type comprising chromium; the precursor having a decomposition temperature comprised between 300° C. and 600° C.;b) introducing the mother solution vaporized in step a) into a chemical vapor deposition reactor in which is located said support to be covered and the atmosphere of which is at a deposition temperature comprised between 300° C. and 450° C. and at a deposition pressure comprised between 13 Pa and 7000 Pa, which brings about the deposition of said at least one protective layer on said support. 2. Process for manufacturing a nuclear component according to claim 1, wherein the nuclear component further comprises a liner placed on the inner surface of said support, which is the surface of said support opposite to the medium that is external to the nuclear component. 3. Process for manufacturing a nuclear component according to claim 2, wherein the process further comprises, before step a), depositing the liner at a deposition temperature comprised between 200° C. and 400° C., onto the inner surface of said support by chemical vapor deposition of an organometallic compound (MOCVD) or DLI-MOCVD with, as precursor(s), a titanium amide and further a precursor comprising silicon, a precursor comprising aluminum and/or a liquid additive comprising nitrogen if the material of which the liner is composed comprises, respectively, silicon, aluminum and/or nitrogen. 4. The process for manufacturing a nuclear component according to claim 2, wherein the nuclear component comprises an inner volume and an inner protective layer which coats the inner surface of said support coated with the liner. 5. Process for manufacturing a nuclear component according to claim 1, wherein the mother solution further contains an additional precursor having a decomposition temperature comprised between 300° C. and 600°, a carbon incorporation inhibitor or a mixture thereof. 6. The process for manufacturing a nuclear component according to claim 5, wherein the additional precursor is at least one precursor of bis(arene) type comprising an addition element chosen from yttrium, aluminum, vanadium, niobium, molybdenum, tungsten, a precursor comprising aluminum or yttrium as addition elements, or mixtures thereof such that the protective material is doped with the addition element. 7. Process for manufacturing a nuclear component according to claim 1, wherein said at least one protective layer is an outer protective layer which coats the outer surface of said support which is the surface of said support facing the medium that is external to the nuclear component. 8. Process for manufacturing a nuclear component according to claim 1, wherein the process further comprises, after step b):c) performing on said at least one protective layer at least one step chosen from a subsequent treatment step of ionic or gaseous nitridation, ionic or gaseous silicidation, ionic or gaseous carbosilicidation, or ionic or gaseous nitridation followed by ionic or gaseous silicidation or carbosilicidation. 9. Process for manufacturing a nuclear component according to claim 1, wherein the precursor of bis(arene) type comprising chromium or the precursor of bis(arene) type comprising the addition element comprise, respectively, an element M which is chromium or the addition element; the element M being in oxidation state zero (M0) so as to have a precursor of bis(arene) type comprising the element M0. 10. The process for manufacturing a nuclear component according to claim 1, wherein the substrate is coated with an interposed layer placed between the substrate and the at least one protective layer. 11. The process for manufacturing a nuclear component according to claim 1, wherein the nuclear component comprises an inner volume and an inner protective layer which coats the inner surface of said support.