Patent Number: 
Section: claims

1. Gripping and locking/unlocking system comprising:an outer tube comprising at its periphery at least one groove;an inner tube designed to be fitted inside the outer tube, the inner tube comprising at least one catching device connected at its upper end and at least one notch formed in the thickness of the inner tube from its upper end;a gripper member with a gripper head designed to be housed in the inner tube, the gripper head comprising at its periphery at least one groove,wherein the at least one catching device comprises:a first hook, referred to as a locking hook, mounted to pivot about a pivot pin orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the inner tube between a locked position in which it is housed in the groove of the outer tube to lock the inner and outer tubes together, and an unlocked position in which it is distant from the said groove of the outer tube;a second hook referred to as a gripping hook, mounted to pivot on the first hook about a pivot pin orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the inner tube, between a gripping position in which it is housed in the groove of the gripper head so as to grip the inner tube by the gripper head and at least one release position in which it is distant from the said groove of the gripper head;an actuating lever mounted on the pivot pin about which the locking hook pivots between a first neutral position in which it is distant from the at least one notch and does not project into the inner tube and a second neutral position in which it is housed in the at least one notch, passing via an actuating position in which it does project into the inner tube, the actuating lever being connected to rotate with the locking hook between its actuating position and its second neutral position, and free to rotate independently of the locking hook between its first and second neutral positions;a first elastic return means for returning the gripping hook from a released position to its gripping position;wherein the system is configured so that:when the inner tube is fitted inside the outer tube and locked thereto by the locking hook, a downwards translational movement of the gripper head in the inner tube over a given travel (A) causes the actuating lever to pivot from its actuating position into its second neutral position and thus simultaneously causes the locking hook to pivot from its locked position to its unlocked position, then causes the gripping hook to pivot both under the effect of its self-weight and under the elastic effect of the first elastic return means into the groove of the gripper head, thus unlocking the inner and outer tubes from one another and then causing the inner tube to be gripped by the head, at the end of the travel (A);when the gripper head and the inner tube are locked together by the gripping hook, a downwards translational movement of the gripper head and of the inner tube inside the outer tube over a given travel (B) greater than the travel (A) causes the gripping hook to be released from the groove of the head then causes the actuating lever to disengage from its second neutral position and thus simultaneously causes the locking hook to pivot from its unlocked position into its locked position under the effect at least of its self-weight, thus unlocking the inner tube from the gripper head and locking together the inner and outer tubes, at the end of the travel B. 2. The gripping and locking/unlocking system according to claim 1, comprising a plurality of catching devices connected to the upper end of the inner tube, the catching devices being distributed about the periphery of the inner tube in order to provide a statically determinate distribution of locking and gripping loads. 3. The gripping and locking/unlocking system according to claim 2, comprising three catching devices arranged 120° apart about the longitudinal axis (X) of the inner tube. 4. The gripping and locking/unlocking system according to claim 1, the first elastic return means consisting of a torsion coil spring mounted around the pivot pin about which the gripping hook pivots, with its two end turns fixed and a pressing central turn configured to press against the gripping hook. 5. The gripping and locking/unlocking system according to claim 1, comprising a second elastic return means for returning the locking hook from its unlocked position to its locked position. 6. The gripping and locking/unlocking system according to claim 5, the second elastic return means consisting of a coil torsion spring mounted around the pivot pin about which the locking hook pivots, with its two end turns fixed and a central pressing turn configured to press against the locking hook. 7. The gripping and locking/unlocking system according to claim 1, the locking hook consisting of a finger of a shape complementing the groove of the outer tube, and of a substantially V-shaped yoke connected to the finger and inside which the gripping hook is mounted. 8. The gripping and locking/unlocking system according to claim 1, in which the groove of the outer tube extends around the entire periphery thereof. 9. The gripping and locking/unlocking system according to claim 1, comprising at least one groove of the outer tube extending over only a part thereof. 10. The gripping and locking/unlocking system according to claim 1, in which the groove of the gripper head extends over the entire periphery thereof. 11. The gripping and locking/unlocking system according to claim 1, the actuating lever consisting of a lug. 12. The gripping and locking/unlocking system according to claim 1, the inner tube and/or the outer tube comprising one or more seals in order to create a sealed assembly with one another. 13. The gripping and locking/unlocking system according to claim 12, the gripper member and/or the catching device(s) being dimensioned to overcome the friction forces of the seal(s) as the inner tube is introduced into or extracted from the outer tube. 14. The gripping and locking/unlocking system according to claim 1, the inner tube constituting a material specimen holder tube, the outer tube constituting a measurement instrumentation holder tube. 15. The gripping and locking/unlocking system according to claim 14, constituting a system for inserting and extracting a specimen holder tube intended to house a specimen of nuclear materials, into and from a measurement instrumentation holder tube intended to house measurement sensors and a cooling system.