Patent Number: 
Section: claims

1. An optical grating, comprising:a substrate having a surface with a periodic structure, wherein the structure is embodied to diffract incident radiation with a predetermined wavelength (λT) into a predetermined order of diffraction, anda coating applied onto the periodic structure, wherein the coating has at least one layer that is embodied to suppress the diffraction of the incident radiation into at least one higher order of diffraction than the predetermined order of diffraction,wherein at least one layer of the coating is embodied as a total reflection layer with a critical angle (αT), wherein the critical angle is smaller than an angle of incidence (α) of the incident radiation for the predetermined order of diffraction and is greater than the angle of incidence (α) of the incident radiation for at least one higher order of diffraction. 2. The optical grating as claimed in claim 1, wherein the structure is embodied to diffract extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation with the predetermined wavelength (λT) into the predetermined order of diffraction. 3. The optical grating as claimed in claim 1, wherein the structure is embodied to diffract the incident radiation with the predetermined wavelength (λT) into the first order of diffraction. 4. The optical grating as claimed in claim 1, wherein the total reflection layer is formed from a material that has an absorption length of more than 10 nm at the predetermined wavelength (λT). 5. The optical grating as claimed in claim 4, wherein the total reflection layer is formed from a material that has an absorption length of more than 50 nm at the predetermined wavelength (λT). 6. The optical grating as claimed in claim 4, wherein the material of the total reflection layer is selected from the group consisting of: Zr, Pd, C, Ru, Mo, Nb, Sn, Cd, or alloys, carbides, nitrides, oxides, borides or silicides thereof. 7. The optical grating as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least one layer of the coating is embodied as an absorber layer which has a greater absorption length for the predetermined order of diffraction than for at least one higher order of diffraction. 8. The optical grating as claimed in claim 7, wherein the absorber layer has a critical angle (αT) that is greater than an angle of incidence (α) of the incident radiation for the predetermined order of diffraction. 9. The optical grating as claimed in claim 7, wherein the material of the absorber layer is selected from the group consisting of: Si, Mo, or carbides, nitrides, oxides, or borides thereof, and MoSi2. 10. The optical grating as claimed in claim 7, wherein the absorber layer is applied onto the total reflection layer. 11. The optical grating as claimed in claim 1, wherein the coating has at least one layer that is embodied to diffract incident radiation with a first polarization state perpendicular to a plane of incidence onto the optical grating more strongly in the predetermined order of diffraction than incident radiation with a second polarization state that is perpendicular to the incident radiation with the first polarization state. 12. The optical grating as claimed in claim 1, wherein the coating has at least one layer a thickness (d2) and a material of which are selected such that constructive interference occurs for the incident radiation with the predetermined wavelength (λL) in the predetermined order of diffraction and destructive interference occurs for at least one higher order of diffraction. 13. The optical grating as claimed in claim 1, wherein the predetermined wavelength (λT) lies in a wavelength range between 13 nm and 16 nm. 14. The optical grating as claimed in claim 13, wherein the coating has a total reflection layer made of Ru, Zr, Pd, Nb, Mo, or alloys, carbides, nitrides, oxides, borides, or silicides thereof, or C, and an absorber layer, applied to the layer of total internal reflection, made of Si, SiC, Si3N4, SiO, or SiO2. 15. The optical grating as claimed in claim 1, wherein the predetermined wavelength (λT) lies in a wavelength range between 6 nm and 8 nm. 16. The optical grating as claimed in claim 15, wherein the coating has a total reflection layer made of Cd or Sn and an absorber layer made of Mo. 17. The optical grating as claimed in claim 1, wherein the periodic structure comprises a blaze structure. 18. The optical grating as claimed in claim 1, having a reflectivity of more than 50% for incident radiation with the predetermined wavelength (λT) in the predetermined order of diffraction. 19. An optical arrangement, comprising:a light source configured to produce radiation andat least one optical grating as claimed in claim 1 and arranged to diffract the radiation of the light source with the predetermined wavelength (λT) into the predetermined order of diffraction. 20. The optical arrangement as claimed in claim 19, configured as an EUV lithography system, wherein the light source is configured to produce EUV radiation. 21. The optical arrangement as claimed in claim 19, wherein the incident radiation is incident on the optical grating at at least one angle of incidence (α) in an angle of incidence range (Δα) between 70° and 90°. 22. An optical grating, comprising:a substrate having a surface with a periodic structure, wherein the structure is embodied to diffract incident radiation with a predetermined wavelength (λT) into a predetermined order of diffraction, anda coating applied onto the periodic structure, wherein the coating has at least one layer that is embodied to suppress the diffraction of the incident radiation into at least one higher order of diffraction than the predetermined order of diffraction,wherein the coating has at least one layer that is embodied to diffract incident radiation with a first polarization state perpendicular to a plane of incidence onto the optical grating more strongly in the predetermined order of diffraction than incident radiation with a second polarization state that is perpendicular to the incident radiation with the first polarization state.