Patent Number: 
Section: claims

1. A method for prognostics of a structure subject to loads, particularly an aircraft structure, comprising performing on a processor the steps of:providing a first database linking possible loads acting on the structure in operating conditions with a modified state of the structure, including values of a quantity indicative of the state of the structure as modified in the presence of said loads in a predetermined number of relevant points;providing a second database linking changes of the state of the structure induced by pre-established defects in a predetermined number of relevant points of the structure, with possible classes of defects; and,iteratively:detecting the values of said quantity indicative of the state of the structure in a first plurality of primary detection points and in a second plurality of additional detection points;determining from the first database the loads acting on the structure starting from the detected values of the state quantity;estimating, based on the determined loads, the values of the state quantity in the additional detection points; whereincomparing between the estimated values and detected values of the state quantity in the additional detection points;wherein a condition of integrity of the structure is determined if the difference between the detected values and the estimated values of the state quantity in the additional detection points are within a predetermined tolerance, and a condition of defectiveness of the structure is determined if the differences between the detected values and the estimated values of the state quantity are outside a predetermined tolerance. 2. A method according to claim 1, wherein said quantity indicative of the state of the structure is the local strain of the structure. 3. A method according to claim 2, wherein a population of the first database comprises a bi-unique association between values of typical loads acting on the structure in operating conditions and measured or simulated strain values of the structure subject to said loads. 4. A method according to claim 2, wherein a population of the second database comprises a bi-unique association between measured values of the changes of strain in the structure induced by a same load vector in the presence of a defect in the structure and data of identification of a possible defect of the structure. 5. A method according to claim 1, comprising identifying a defect of the structure by associating the changes between the detected values and the estimated values of the state quantity with a type of defect in the second database. 6. A method according to claim 5, wherein the type of defects includes at least one of data of: the defect class; the defect dimension; the position of the defect in the structure. 7. A method according to claim 1, wherein said relevant points of the structure are selected from a plurality of points of identification of the structure which are defined based on a predetermined mathematical model of said structure. 8. A method according to claim 7, wherein said relevant points on the structure are selected among the points that, according to said model, are capable of identifying a state condition of the structure which can be associated univocally with a load condition, with concentration in proximity of regions of greater structural criticality. 9. A method according to claim 1, including estimating the contribution to the change of the state of the structure in said detection points due to changes in the properties of the structure material induced by the operating temperature. 10. A non-transitory computer readable medium encoded with a computer program or set of programs to be run on a processor, comprising one or more code modules for carrying out a method for prognostics of a structure subject to loads according to claim 1. 11. A system for prognostics of a structure subject to loads, particularly an aircraft structure, comprising:a first and a second plurality of detection sensors, located in primary detection points and additional comparison detection points, respectively;first storage comprising a first database linking possible loads acting on the structure in operating conditions with a modified state of the structure, including values of a quantity indicative of the state of the structure as modified in the presence of said loads in a predetermined number of relevant points;second storage comprising a second database linking changes of the state of the structure induced by pre-established defects in a predetermined number of relevant points of the structure, with possible classes of defects; anda processor configured for iteratively:detecting the values of said quantity indicative of the state of the structure in a first plurality of primary detection points and in a second plurality of additional detection points;determining from the first database the loads acting on the structure starting from the detected values of the state quantity;estimating, based on the determined loads, the values of the state quantity in the additional detection points; whereincomparing between the estimated values and detected values of the state quantity in the additional detection points;determining a condition of integrity of the structure if the difference between the detected values and the estimated values of the state quantity in the additional detection points are within a predetermined tolerance, anddetermining a condition of defectiveness of the structure if the differences between the detected values and the estimated values of the state quantity are outside a predetermined tolerance. 12. A system according to claim 11, wherein said detection sensors include sensors of the strain in the structure. 13. A system according to claim 11, comprising temperature sensors positioned in proximity of said detection points. 14. A system according to claim 11, wherein said processor is arranged for identifying a class of defect of the structure, concentrated or distributed, selected from the group of surface or bulk modifications comprising a hole, a filled hole, the insertion of a connection member, a damage due to a crash, delamination, porosity, a region of the structure differently rich in resins or fibres.