Patent Number: 
Section: description

FIG. 1 shows the fundamental structure of an apparatus according to the invention enabling the method of the invention to be performed. The test or inspection system comprises a radiation protection cabin 14, an X-ray tube 12, an X-ray detector 18, a part support/pallet 30, and an inspection/test object 19. Although FIG. 1 shows only one inspection object on a pallet 15, there can also be several objects on a single pallet. FIG. 1 also shows gimbal frames 16 and 26, and drives 22 and 23 for the gimbal or cardan axes in the vicinity of the center of gravity, x-y plane translatory movement units 17 and 13 for the tube and detector in the X and Z-direction, both on the base and below the cover. The testing or inspection sequence is as follows: The parts or objects are conveyed into the cabin and the radiation protection, e.g. a radiation protection cabin door, is closed. The X-ray is switched on and there is a move up to the first inspection position for the first inspection object. For this purpose, the tube and detector are brought into the appropriate position. The drives of these translatory axes can be coupled, so that the beam always strikes perpendicularly in the center of the detector. Simultaneously, using the two drives 22 and 23, the frame is tilted in such a way that the correct transmission angle for the inspection object is reached. Since, as will be shown hereinafter, the objects are fixed to the pallet, angles above 45xc2x0 are possible without the object sliding. The two frames are balanced in such a way that virtually no forces are required in order to maintain the positions reached. The detector is used for taking an image and it is passed onto a screen or computer for evaluation purposes. Then, in parallel, the tube and the detector are moved to the next position and the two frames are tilted in the correct angle. The next image is then taken. This procedure is repeated until the object or all the objects on the pallet have been inspected. This method makes it possible to achieve the necessary transmission angles and to move to all positions. In order to be able to adjust the magnification, i.e. the distance between tube and inspection object and inspection object and detector, optionally there can be a manual or automatic adjustment 20 of the tube in the vertical direction. The inspection time can be significantly reduced by placing several inspection objects on one pallet, because the conveying in and out time is divided up over several objects. If a rotary turntable is used for receiving the pallet, several identical inspection objects can be inspected with the same transmission images on a single pallet and simultaneously it is possible to additionally dynamically vary the distance between the inspection object and the tube and detector. FIG. 2 shows an embodiment with three identical inspection objects 19. It is important that there is no central guidance of the turntable, because such a central guidance and optionally the drives would be located in the X-ray and would inadmissibly restrict the transmission angle for the inspection objects. In FIG. 2, the turntable is fixed to at least three pairs of rollers 25, in this case displaced by approximately 120xc2x0 and is driven by the motor 32 by means of a belt 35. The pallet 15 with the inspection objects 19 on it is fixed, for example, by lateral guide rollers 27 and two electromagnets 33. FIG. 3 shows the tilting in each case in one direction about the two axes and the rotation possibilities from in each case two sides. Conveying in and out takes place in the following manner: For inspection purposes the inspection objects are placed on pallets 15. As shown in FIG. 4, the pallets can be actively driven on a conveying system 10, 11 or can be conveyed in and out using gravity. Several pallets can be provided in the system, so that the loading, the conveying in front of the cabin, the actual inspection in the cabin, and the unloading can take place simultaneously. For conveying a pallet into the cabin, the gimbal frame 16 and turntable 24 are brought into the position shown in FIG. 4. The pallet, which has waited directly in front of the cabin, is either driven or moved by gravity on the turntable into the cabin. The precise end position is ensured by two or more centering pins and at least one (here two) electromagnets. On the pallet, permanent magnets can face the electromagnets so that a force can be applied for conveying out by reversing the polarity of the electromagnets. For conveying out or discharging, the frame and turntable are brought into the position shown in FIG. 5. The pallet on the turntable is brought onto the lower conveying system 11 by polarity reversal of the electromagnet (release of fixing and acceleration) and by utilizing gravity and then by means of the conveying system 11 is conveyed away for pallet discharge purposes. In other applications, it is not possible that the conveying in and out is on the same side, and a through-conveying system is necessary. FIG. 6 shows how the method can be implemented on the basis of the preceding installation. The conveying out unit 31 is now fitted to the side opposite to the conveying in unit 10. For conveying out the pallet is rotated in such a way that a rearwardly downward extraction is possible. When the pallet has left the turntable, the latter is rotated by 180xc2x0 and is ready for receiving the next pallet from the front. If gravity is not to be used for conveying in and out purposes or a purely horizontal conveying is required, e.g. due to the pallet loading height, solutions are conceivable in which conveying in and out take place horizontally. The pallets 15 must be driven or have their own drive. FIG. 7 shows an example with a horizontal conveying in unit 21 The objects are fixed to the pallets in the following manner: In order to permit tilting of the frame with no effect on the position of the objects, it is necessary for the objects to be reliably fixed to the pallets. There are two different fixing possibilities. As shown in FIG. 8, in the case of the first possibility a frame is drawn with an elastic, but stable membrane 28 over the pallet and holds the object 19 in its correct position. After placing the test objects on the pallet, on conveying in the cover 34 is automatically closed and locked with a lock (car tailgate principle). Optionally, the fulcrum point of the spring-damper system can be higher on closing. Then by a spring-damper system 29, a force is applied for forcing down the frame, making a separate locking system unnecessary. On conveying into the cabin during inspection and on conveying out, the cover remains closed. After conveying out, the locking system is released or, in the case of a high fulcrum point for the cover, is raised above the pressure point and the cover opens automatically due to the spring tension of the gas pressure damper 29 enabling the objects to be removed. According to FIG. 9, the second possibility provides for several elastic fixing buffers 36, which can optionally have different sizes and shapes, which are applied at appropriate points to the contour of the inspection objects 19 on pallet 15. They are constructed in such a way that by the application of a force the horizontal extension can increase and as a result the object is clamped, as shown in FIG. 10. Due to the locking system known from ball pens, clamping is maintained until once again a force is applied and the clamping action cancelled. The object can now be removed. Through a suitable number and positioning of the fixing buffers, in principle any inspection object can be appropriately fixed. It plays no part whether there is only one or several objects fixed to a pallet. For simplification purposes in the case of the second solution, it is also possible to provide pallets with a fixed raster and use the fixing buffers there or to rapidly move the same in the case of other inspection objects. This is shown in FIG. 11. While the present invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to preferred embodiments, it will be readily appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is intended that the claims be interpreted to cover the disclosed embodiment, those alternatives which have been discussed above and all equivalents thereto.