Patent Number: 042773105
Section: description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Having reference to the above drawings, FIG. 1 shows a portion of the cylindrical wall 1 of the pressure vessel of a pressurized-water reactor. The portion shown includes the inlet nozzle 2 to which the cold leg pipe 3 is connected by welding 3a. As previously described, this cold leg pipe is part of one of the reactor's main coolant systems, the pipe 3 returning pressurized-water coolant to the pressure vessel, under the force of the main coolant pump, the core heat having been substantially removed from the coolant by its passage through the usual steam generator which received the coolant from the pressure vessel by way of its coolant outlet nozzle and the hot pipe leg of the main coolant loop. Other than for the portion of the cold leg pipe 3, the details just referred to are not illustrated because they are conventionally included as part of any pressurized-water reactor installation. In the present instance, the conventional construction of the pressure vessel is modified to the extent that an annular ring 4 is welded to the inside of the pressure vessel wall around the inner end of the nozzle 2, the inner periphery of this ring being flared as at 4a to provide to some extent streamlining for the incoming flow of pressurized coolant delivered by the cold leg pipe 3. The usual core barrel 5, in a lower portion of which the core (not shown) is mounted, forms the annular space 5a down through which the coolant flows for ultimate upwardly travel within the interior of the core barrel and out from the pressure vessel wall by way of the hot leg pipe nozzle (not shown). The space 5a is separated from the space above the upper portion of the core barrel by being sealed by the flange mounting of the core barrel as previously described, FIG. 1 showing the beginning of this flange at 5b. The axial thickness of the ring 4 is such that its inner face is approximately flush to the cylindrical inside 1a of the pressure vessel extending above the nozzle 2. During servicing of the reactor, it may be desirable to remove the core barrel 5 upwardly, the inside diameter of the surface 1a defining the clearance area above the nozzle 2, through which the core barrel must travel for its removal. In the example of the check valve 6 shown by FIGS. 1 through 4, an annular frame 7 of somewhat larger inside diameter than that of the nozzle 2, mounts the multiplicity of individually swinging flap valves 8, each comprising a plate of rectangular contour supported on a pivot pin 9, the frame 7 being of rectangular x-section and the pivot pins 9 being all mutually parallel with each other and with the axis 12 of the annular frame 7. As shown by FIG. 2, the annular frame 7 provides a large number of radial flow paths which are each provided with one of the flat valves 8, the paths being formed by eight relatively thick radial baffles 14 each having screw holes 15, two thinner guide surfaces or vanes 16 being interposed between each two of the thicker baffles or vanes 14. On their sides facing the swinging ends of the flap valves, the veins or guide elements 14 and 16 each provide a shoulder 17 on which the flap valves can seat when in their closed positions, the opening positions of the flap valves being limited by each being provided with a post 18 proportioned to hold the flap valves from swinging into alignment with the coolant flow indicated by the arrows 10. The flap valves are held diagonally against the coolant flows by the posts or stops 18, the angularity being such that during the normal flow 10, the dynamic force of the flows holds the flap valves rigidly open against chattering. The flap valve angularity need not be great, an example being indicated at X in FIG. 2. The thicker radial vanes 14 provide the annular frame with rigidity in its axial direction and provides for mounting the frame on the core barrel 5, the holes 15 receiving cap screws 15a passed through suitable holes formed in the core barrel. This barrel is, of course, cylindrical, and the frame of the check valve 6 forms a cylindrical segment fitting the side of the core barrel 5. The axial thickness of the frame is dimensioned so that when the core barrel is removed, the check valve can clear the surface 1a previously referred to. During the normal coolant flow shown by the arrows 10, all of the flap valves are held rigidly open by the force of the coolant flow. In the event the pressure drops, as for example there being a break in the weld connection 3a, the flow reverses as indicated by the broken line arrow in FIG. 1. Should this occur, the slight angularities of the flap valves provide surfaces for the reverse flow to cause the flap valve to snap shut substantially immediately. This simplicity and reliability of such flap valves should assure that they all snap shut, but should one or more fail, the multiplicity of valves provided assures that the majority will close so that coolant discharge from the vessel is largely prevented. As shown in FIG. 3a, the check valve 6 can be positioned concentrically with respect to the nozzle 2. However, during the normal operation of the reactor, the coolant flow is downwardly through the annular space 5a. Therefore, to decrease the flow resistance offered by the new check valve, it may be positioned eccentrically with respect to the nozzle 2, as shown by FIG. 3b, and in such a case the annular frame can be elongated in the manner of an oval or its equivalent, thus putting the majority of the flap valves and their radial passages in positions where they pass the downward coolant flow to a major extent. The total flow cross-sectional area is the sum of the areas of the radial passages which are, in turn, determined by the areas of the flap valves 8, and the total cross-sectional flow area of the check valve should substantially equal the cross-sectional area of the nozzle's inside. It is easy to design the construction shown by FIG. 2, to provide it with a total flow passage area substantially equaling that of the nozzle 2. FIG. 4 shows the cylindrically segmental shape of the check valve and it and FIG. 1 both show that although the annular welded ring 4 comes close to sealing the check valve against leakage around the outside of its frame, a small space is left as required to accommodate thermal expansion and contraction movements. FIG. 5 shows that the pivot pins of the flap valves can be mounted in bushings 17, while in broken lines, the cross-sectional contour of the flap valves is represented. It can be seen that the valve plate is thicker in the area of the pivot pin, the plate having a generally streamlined contour, it being possible to make each of the flap valves in the form of a casting or forging, including all of its parts including the post 18. In the example of the invention shown by FIGS. 1 through 4, a separate individual check valve is required for each of the cold leg nozzles of the pressure vessel. However, in the example of FIG. 6, the check valve 6, although composed of substantially the same parts previously described, is made in the form of a large annular ring which completely surrounds or encircles the core barrel 5 at a position slightly below the nozzle 2. Instead of the annular welded ring 4, shown by FIG. 1, a horizontally positioned annular ring 20 is welded to the vessel wall 1 so as to be engaged by the outside of the annular frame 7. This provides the seal preventing bypassing of the flow around the check valve construction, the flow through the check valve in this case being in the axial direction. The spacing between the valve's frame and the ring 20, in this case, also should allow for thermal expansion and contraction, but the dimensions may be chosen so that under the operating conditions of the reactor, the frame 7 engages the ring 20 and thereby braces the core barrel 5 both structurally and to assure maintenance of the proper concentricity of the barrel 5 relative to the pressure vessel's wall. As shown by FIG. 7, the normal coolant flow 10 is axial and downwardly, in this case, normally holding the diagonally positioned flap valves 8 rigidly open and free from chattering, while, at the same time, positioning the flap valves diagonally with respect to an accidentally reversing flow, assuring closing of the flap valves. Substantially the same concept is shown by FIG. 8 as is shown by FIG. 6, excepting that in the interest of economy, the flap valves 8 are, in this case, mounted by brackets 21 fixed to the core barrel 5 by screws 22. In this case, a small ring 20' is welded to the inside of the vessel's wall 1, FIG. 9 showing that the flap valves 8 can be very closely interspaced so that when closed, there can be little leakage between the various flap valves. A check valve enjoying the reliability and protection of the flap valves can even be positioned in the inner end of the nozzle 2. One example is shown by FIG. 10 where the construction is built into the nozzle's inner end. The flat valves 8, in this case, are made like louvers as can be seen from FIG. 11, the horizontally elongated plates forming the flap valves being symmetrically distributed on either side of the horizontal center line 30 of the nozzle. The individual plate area of each of the flap valves may be made large enough to offer little impedance to the normal coolant flow. FIG. 12 shows how a check valve construction similar to that shown by FIG. 1 can be reduced in diameter while still providing an adequate normal flow capacity. This is done by making the frame 7 axially thicker such as would normally prevent withdrawal of the core barrel because the check valve would have a greater thickness than that existing between the surface 1a and the outside of the core barrel, shown by FIG. 1. To permit withdrawal of the core barrel, a cover 23 which positions the check valve, is removably installed in a cutout 24 formed in the core barrel opposite to the inlet end of the nozzle 2. The cover is secured releasably by a lever 26 which bears on a projection 28 holding the cover with the check valve clamped in position. By releasing a pressure screw 27, the lever 26 can be swung to permit removal of the cover 23 and of the check valve 6 inwardly through the core barrel, thus permitting removal of the core barrel even though the check valve is of substantial thickness in its axial direction. Obviously a check valve of any kind cannot be used effectively in connection with the pressure vessel's outlet, or hot leg, nozzle or nozzles, because the normal flow is in that direction. However, a break in the hot leg does not immediately stop the coolant flow which is normally flowing in the same direction. On the other hand, a break in the cold leg results in the coolant discharging reversely from the pressure vessel, and can possibly result in at least momentary immediate emptying of the vessel and possible endangerment of the core.