Patent Number: 044980116
Section: summary

The invention relates to a device for enclosing and shielding a vessel filled with expended reactor fuel elements, including means for cooling the vessel and for supporting the vessel for transporting same. PRIOR ART A protective concrete container of this general type is described in "Nuclear Technology", Vol. 24, p. 391-397, December 1974. This known prior container is provided with an integral bottom plate serving as the container floor. The concrete cover member is formed separately. Laterally arranged at or near the bottom of the container are air inlet openings, and at or near the container top are air outlet openings. No means are disclosed for the lifting or transportation of the concrete container, nor are measures proposed to prevent water or vermin, for example insects, from entering. Furthermore, no provision is made to improve the heat discharge and to possibly recover at least a part of the heat generated. A similar container has been described in the publication ARH-2888 REV, p. 2-13. This container apparently consists of a separate concrete shielding jacket, a concrete base and a concrete cover. Both the concrete cover and the concrete base are positioned in spaced relation to the protective concrete jacket. Due to this particular design, air inlet openings are created at the bottom and air outlet openings are created in the proximity of the container top. This prior protective concrete container likewise fails to make provision for lifting and transportation, for preventing ingress of water and vermin, or for improving the heat discharge and a possible recovery of at least some of the heat generated. THE INVENTION It is the object of the present invention to produce a protective container for a vessel filled with radioactive material which overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art devices referred to above, and in particular to improve the loading operation and transportation of the device. This is accomplished by providing a base for the protective container which also serves as a movable pallet, and inclined air discharge ducts in the region of the container cover. The insertion of a fuel element vessel into the container of the present invention is accomplished by first setting the fuel element vessel upon the base, then placing the protective jacket over the fuel element vessel, and, finally, putting the cover member into position. By constructing the base in the form of a movable pallet, the lifting and transportation of the protective container is considerably facilitated. To move the concrete container, a low bed vehicle may be used to advantage because in view of its flat low construction, it is capable of being moved with its loading platform underneath the pallet. The loading platform is then raised vertically and the protective container is moved in an upright position to the intended storage location where it is unloaded simply by lowering the loading platform of the vehicle. Due to the inclined and/or angular configuration of the air discharge ducts in the area of the cover member, the ventilation and thus the heat discharge is improved. The vessels filled with spent fuel elements still have on their outer surfaces a radioactive dosage rate of gamma and neutron radiation of approximately 10 milliroentgen/hr, with one year decay time. By the shielding means installed in the protective container according to the invention, the radiation dosage rate is lowered to a level such that at a distance of 50 meters, i.e. approximately by the fencing of the container storage site, the radiation rate will only be about 10 milliroentgen/yr. In one embodiment of the invention the highest points of the air discharge ducts are at an elevation higher than the air inlet openings and at the same height or higher than the air outlet openings. This enhances the chimney effect with the result that the heat discharge is improved. Due to this particular configuration of the air discharge ducts, neutron and gamma ray streaming is reduced with the result that reflection of the radiated particles by air molecules, causing so-called sky-shine effects, is minimized. Finally, this embodiment of the invention is capable of preventing rain or snow from entering, to a large extent. In a preferred embodiment, a cover in the form of a hood with a downturned flange provides improved protection against water, snow and insects and, in the process, reduces the danger of radioactive contamination occurring outside the protective container. In another embodiment which includes a water-cooled cover, shielding and heat discharge of the container device of the invention are improved. In addition, this embodiment is capable of utilizing the generated heat, for example for heating purposes. Water may be introduced in the lower region of the closure member, i.e. cover or hood, and discharged from the upper region. The cooling effect thus produced enables the concrete to absorb more heat from the fuel element vessel due to radiation and cross convection. In this particular construction, the normally-occurring convection loses significance, permitting the air discharge ducts to be designed and dimensioned, especially narrowed, in such a manner that the convection air current is diminished without jeopardizing the safety of the heat discharge process. Consequently, the water temperature can be raised to a level which permits a still better heat utilization. In the event of a breakdown in the water circulation, the container temperature would be raised only about 40.degree. to 60.degree. C. and would thus remain within the permissible limits. The ventilation of the protective container may be further improved by means of additional axially-extending air supply openings in the base. To ensure that the protective container is placed properly upon the base or pallet, respectively, boss means are provided for positioning the container with respect to the base. To prevent vermin and insects from entering the container, screens or grids may be provided in the air inlet and outlet openings.