Patent Number: 
Section: claims

1. An aberration correction system for use in an electron microscope, said aberration correction system comprising:three stages of multipole elements arranged in a row along an optical axis, each of the multipole elements having a thickness along the optical axis, the three stages of multipole elements including a front stage of multipole element, a middle stage of multipole element, and a rear stage of multipole element,wherein said front stage of multipole element produces a first magnetic or electric field of 3-fold symmetry with respect to the optical axis,wherein said middle stage of multipole element produces a second magnetic or electric field of 3-fold symmetry with respect to the optical axis,wherein said rear stage of multipole element produces a third magnetic or electric field of 3-fold symmetry with respect to the optical axis,wherein in the second magnetic or electric field, a distribution of a magnetic or electric field of 3-fold symmetry is created in a direction not to cancel out an astigmatism of 3-fold symmetry produced from the first magnetic or electric field or from the third magnetic or electric field,wherein in the third magnetic or electric field, a distribution of a magnetic or electric field of 3-fold symmetry is created in a direction not to cancel out an astigmatism of 3-fold symmetry produced from the first magnetic or electric field or from the second magnetic or electric field,wherein an aberration of 3-fold symmetry produced in the front stage of multipole element is rotated using the middle stage of multipole element,wherein an aberration of 3-fold symmetry produced from the middle stage of multipole element is rotated using the rear stage of multipole element, andwherein the astigmatisms of 3-fold symmetry are canceled out by combining the fields produced by the three stages of multipole elements, whereby spherical aberration and a higher-order aberration are corrected. 2. An aberration correction system for use in an electron microscope as set forth in claim 1,wherein any one of said second magnetic or electric field and said third magnetic or electric field is distributed to have been rotated through 120°×m±40° (where m is an integer) relative to said first magnetic or electric field within a plane perpendicular to the optical axis, taking account of a rotating action of an electron optical lens,wherein the other of the second magnetic or electric field and the third magnetic or electric field is distributed to have been rotated through 120°×m±80° relative to the first magnetic or electric field within the plane perpendicular to the optical axis, taking account of the rotating action of the electron optical lens, andwherein the second magnetic or electric field and the third magnetic or electric field are distributed to have been rotated in the same direction. 3. An aberration correction system for use in an electron microscope as set forth in claim 1, wherein said second magnetic or electric field is distributed to have been rotated through 120°×m±about 72° (where m is an integer) relative to said first magnetic or electric field within the plane perpendicular to the optical axis, taking account of a rotating action of an electron optical lens, and wherein said third magnetic or electric field is distributed to have been rotated through 120°×m±about 24° relative to the first magnetic or electric field within the plane perpendicular to the optical axis, taking account of the rotating action of the electron optical lens. 4. An aberration correction system for use in an electron microscope as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising:a pair of first transfer lenses mounted between said front stage of multipole element and said middle stage of multiple element and having two stages of axisymmetric lenses; anda pair of second transfer lenses mounted between the middle stage of multipole element and said rear stage of multipole element and having two stages of axisymmetric lenses. 5. An aberration correction system for use in an electron microscope as set forth in claim 4, further comprising a pair of third transfer lenses mounted ahead of or behind said three stages of multipole elements arranged in a row along an optical axis. 6. An aberration correction system for use in an electron microscope as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein each of said three stages of multipole elements has a magnetic polepiece capable of being excited independently or an electrode capable of being applied with a voltage independently. 7. An aberration correction system for use in an electron microscope as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein each of said three stages of multipole elements has a hexapole element. 8. An aberration correction system for use in an electron microscope as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein each of said three stages of multipole elements has a dodecapole element. 9. An aberration correction system for use in an electron microscope as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising means for rotating the three stages of multipole elements within the plane perpendicular to the optical axis. 10. An aberration correction system for use in an electron microscope as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein said three stages of multipole elements are uniform in thickness.