Patent Number: 
Section: claims

1. An X-ray optical configuration for use together with an X-ray source and a sample, the optical configuration comprising:a first focusing element for directing, via an intermediate focus, X-ray radiation from the X-ray source onto the sample;an X-ray detector, said detector structured for motion along a circular arc of radius R around the sample;a second focusing element for directing part of the X-ray radiation emanating from said intermediate focus onto the sample; andan aperture system, said aperture system having a first position in which the sample is exclusively and directly illuminated from said intermediate focus along a first optical path and a second position in which the sample is exclusively illuminated via said second focusing element along a second optical path. 2. The X-ray optical configuration of claim 1, wherein a separation between the sample and said intermediate focus corresponds to said radius R of said circular arc. 3. The X-ray optical configuration of claim 1, further comprising a focus aperture disposed in an optical path of the X-ray radiation and having a separation from the sample which corresponds to said radius R of said circular arc. 4. The X-ray optical configuration of claim 2, wherein the X-ray radiation directly emanating from said intermediate focus or having passed said focus aperture is reflected by the sample and focused onto said circular arc. 5. The X-ray optical configuration of claim 3, wherein the X-ray radiation directly emanating from said intermediate focus or having passed said focus aperture is reflected by the sample and focused onto said circular arc. 6. The X-ray optical configuration of claim 1, wherein the X-ray radiation emanating from said second focusing element is focused through the sample onto said circular arc. 7. The X-ray optical configuration of claim 1, wherein said circular arc on which said detector can be moved, subtends an angle of at least 50°, at least 100° or at least 140°. 8. The X-ray optical configuration of claim 1, wherein said first and/or said second focusing element is designed as a Johansson monochromator or a Goebel mirror. 9. The X-ray optical configuration of claim 1, further comprising a motor for switching over between said first optical path and said second optical path. 10. The X-ray optical configuration of claim 1, wherein an aperture width of said aperture system is variable for at least one of said first and said second optical paths. 11. The X-ray optical configuration of claim 1, wherein each of said first and said second optical paths has a dedicated device for shading the X-ray radiation. 12. The X-ray optical configuration of claim 1, wherein each of said first and said second optical paths has a dedicated fixed aperture. 13. The X-ray optical configuration of claim 1, wherein said aperture system comprises a slotted aperture block which can be rotated about an axis that extends perpendicularly with respect to a plane of said circular arc, said second optical path being blocked by a body of said aperture block in a first rotary position, wherein said first optical path extends in an area of a slot of said aperture block and, in a second rotary position, said first optical path is blocked by said body of said aperture block, wherein said second optical path extends past said body of said aperture block. 14. The X-ray optical configuration of claim 1, wherein said aperture system comprises a slotted aperture, said aperture structured to move between two sliding positions, one of said first and said second optical paths being blocked by a body of said aperture in each of said two sliding positions, wherein a respective other optical path extends in an area of a slot of said aperture.