Patent Number: 
Section: claims

1. A scanning illuminating device comprising:an illumination source defining an emission center;a collimation element delimiting an illumination sector from the emission center in which emitted radiation is substantially homogenous;at least one cylindrical ring portion centered on the illumination source and rotatable about a first axis passing through the emission center,the least one cylindrical ring portion comprising a slit having an angular amplitude α surrounded by two portions transparent to radiation, each having an angular amplitude at minimum equal to that of the illumination sector;a cylinder portion centered on the illumination source and rotatable, within a given travel, around a second axis passing through the emission center and forming a non-zero angle relative to the first axis,the cylinder portion comprising a slit parallel to the second rotational axis having an angular amplitude β surrounded by two portions transparent to the radiation, each having an angular amplitude at minimum equal to that of the illumination sector;a first actuation device for stepwise actuation of rotation of the least one cylindrical ring portion defining an elementary angular step αα that is a sub-multiple of the elementary angular amplitude α, such that an integer N1 different from 1 and meeting the condition α=N1·αα; anda second actuation device for stepwise actuation of rotation of the ring portion defining an elementary angular step ββ that is a sub-multiple of the amplitude β of the slit of the cylinder portion, such that an integer N2 different from 1 meets the condition β=N2·ββ. 2. A device according to claim 1, wherein the least one cylindrical ring portion comprises is a cylindrical ring comprising a plurality of slits having the angular amplitude α and regularly distributed around the first axis and the first actuation device is configured to actuate the cylindrical ring in a same rotational direction. 3. A device according to claim 2, wherein the angular amplitudes α and β are equal to each other and the integers N1 and N2 are equal. 4. A device according to claim 2, wherein the plurality of slits comprises 5 to 10 slits. 5. A device according to claim 1 contained in a casing of dimensions less than 50×50×50 cm3. 6. A scanning imaging device comprising:a scanning illuminating device according to claim 1, the illuminating device emitting a scanning beam;a reception zone having a volume configured to receive an object to image; andat least one unitary detector positioned relative to the reception zone, such that a field of view of the at least one unitary detector can detect radiation backscattered or transmitted by the object subjected to scanning by the scanning beam, while being synchronized with the stepwise actuation devices of the illuminating device so as to perform detection operations between successive measurement steps of those actuation devices and provide a measurement of radiation received in its field of view for each measurement position of the scanning beam actuated by the stepwise actuation devices, the measurement comprising one or more elementary steps. 7. An imaging device according to claim 6, wherein the at least one unitary detector is configured to supply radiation measurements for positions of the cylinder portions in which the zones of those portions having said amplitude α or β intercept at most only part of the illumination sector of the illuminating device. 8. An imaging device according to claim 6, wherein the at least one unitary detector comprises at least one detector of scattered radiation and at least one detector of transmitted radiation. 9. A method of forming an image of an object situated in a reception zone, whereina. an object is subjected to scanning by an illumination beam emitted by an illuminating device according to claim 1, and carrying out a measurement step in each scanning direction, each measurement step of one of the actuation devices of the illuminating device comprising one or more elementary steps of the actuation device;b. after each measurement step of one of the actuation devices of that illuminating device, a measurement is acquired of the quantity of radiation scattered and/or transmitted by the object subjected to the illumination beam at that time and that measurement is stored in a matrix of which the rows and the columns correspond to respective positions of the actuation devices of the illuminating device; andc. the image of the object is reconstructed by deconvolution of the matrix containing the measurements by a matrix representing the illumination beam. 10. A method according to claim 9, wherein the object is first subjected to scanning by an illumination beam emitted by the illuminating device with a measurement step equal to a number of elementary steps greater than 1 for at least one of the stepwise actuation devices, part of the object to analyze is selected within the reception zone and steps a to c are applied to that part only with a measurement step equal to said elementary step. 11. A scanning illuminating device comprising:an illumination source defining an emission center;a collimation element delimiting illumination sector from the emission center in which the emitted radiation is substantially homogenous;at least one cylindrical ring portion centered on the source and rotatable about a first axis passing through the emission center,the cylindrical ring portion comprising an opaque portion opaque to the radiation and having an angular amplitude α surrounded by two portions transparent transparent to the radiation each having an angular amplitude at minimum equal to that of the illumination sector;a cylinder portion centered on the source and rotatable, within a given travel, around a second axis passing through the emission center and forming a non-zero angle relative to the first axis,the cylinder portion comprising opaque portion opaque to the radiation that is parallel to the second axis and has an angular amplitude β surrounded by two transparent portions transparent to the radiation each having an angular amplitude at minimum equal to that of the illumination sector delimited by the collimation element,a first actuation device for stepwise actuation of the rotation of the cylindrical ring portion defining an elementary angular step αα that is a sub-multiple of the angular amplitude α, such that an integer N1 different from 1 meets the condition α=N1·αα; anda second actuation device for stepwise actuation of the rotation of the cylindrical ring portion defining an elementary angular step ββ that is a sub-multiple of the amplitude β, such that an integer N2 different from 1 meets the condition β=N2·ββ. 12. A device according to claim 11, wherein the cylindrical ring portion comprises a cylindrical ring comprising a plurality of slits regularly distributed around the first axis and separated by opaque portions having the angular amplitude α and the first actuation device actuates the cylindrical ring in a same rotational direction. 13. A device according to claim 12 wherein the angular amplitudes α and β are equal to each other and the integers N1 and N2 are equal. 14. A device according to claim 12, wherein the plurality of slits comprise 5 to 5 slits. 15. A device according to claim 11 contained in a casing of dimensions less than 50×50×50 cm3. 16. A scanning imaging device comprising:an illuminating device according to claim 11, the illuminating device emitting a scanning beam;a reception zone having a volume configured to receive an object to image; andat least one unitary detector positioned relative to the reception zone, such that a field of view of the at least one unitary detector can detect radiation backscattered or transmitted by the object subjected to scanning by the scanning beam, while being synchronized with the stepwise actuation devices of the illuminating device so as to perform detection operations between successive measurement steps of those actuation devices and provide a measurement of radiation received in its field of view for each measurement position of the scanning beam actuated by the stepwise actuation devices, the measurement comprising one or more elementary steps. 17. An imaging device according to claim 16, wherein the at least one unitary detector is configured to supply radiation measurements for positions of the cylinder portions in which the zones of those portions having said amplitude α or β intercept at most only part of the illumination sector of the illuminating device. 18. An imaging device according to claim 16, wherein the at least one unitary detector comprises at least one detector of scattered radiation and at least one detector of transmitted radiation. 19. A method of forming an image of an object situated in a reception zone, whereind. an object is subjected to scanning by an illumination beam emitted by an illuminating device according to claim 11, and carrying out a measurement step in each scanning direction, each measurement step of one of the actuation devices of the illuminating device comprising one or more elementary steps of the actuation device;e. after each measurement step of one of the actuation devices of that illuminating device, a measurement is acquired of the quantity of radiation scattered and/or transmitted by the object subjected to the illumination beam at that time and that measurement is stored in a matrix of which the rows and the columns correspond to respective positions of the actuation devices of the illuminating device; andf. the image of the object is reconstructed by deconvolution of the matrix containing the measurements by a matrix representing the illumination beam. 20. A method according to claim 19, wherein the object is first subjected to scanning by an illumination beam emitted by the illuminating device with a measurement step equal to a number of elementary steps greater than 1 for at least one of the stepwise actuation devices, part of the object to analyze is selected within the reception zone and steps a to c are applied to that part only with a measurement step equal to said elementary step.