Patent Number: 
Section: claims

1. An apparatus to examine a target, comprising:an x-ray source configured to deliver a first x-ray beam towards the target;a device having an array of openings, wherein at least two of the openings are next to each other in a side-by-side configuration, the device located at an angle less than 180 degrees relative to a beam path of the first x-ray beam to receive a second x-ray beam resulted from an interaction between the first x-ray beam and the target; anda detector aligned with the device, the detector located at an angle less than 180 degrees relative to the beam path of the first x-ray beam to receive the second x-ray beam from the device after the second x-ray beam has exited through one or more of the openings of the device;wherein the apparatus further comprises a processing unit configured to:determine two or more peaks based on data received from the detector, the two or more peaks selected from the group consisting of a first k-alpha peak, a first k-beta peak, a first Compton scatter peak, a second k-alpha peak, a second k-beta peak, and a second Compton scatter peak, andcalculate a parameter indicating a cancer characteristic, wherein the processing unit is configured to calculate the parameter by computing a ratio between two of the two or more peaks. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the detector comprises a first detector element and a second detector element, the first detector element corresponding with a first one of the openings, the second detector element corresponding with a second one of the openings; andwherein the first detector element is configured to provide spectrum data in response to the first beam interacting with a first part of the target, and the second detector element is configured to provide second spectrum data in response to the first beam interacting with a second a second part of the target. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processing unit configured to determine examination data based on signals generated by the detector, the examination data representing fluid build up, fluid retention, fluid wash out, rate of fluid build up, or rate of fluid wash out. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising an image re-constructor for reconstructing a volumetric image of the target using signals generated by the detector. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the angle is a value that is anywhere between 30 degrees and 170 degrees. 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the second beam comprises a photo absorption component and a Compton scatter component. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a collimator between the x-ray source and the target. 8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the detector comprises a photo spectrum sensitive detector. 9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein each of the openings has an elongated shape. 10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the openings are arranged in a plurality of rows. 11. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the device comprises a plurality of spaced apart plates that define the array of openings. 12. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first x-ray beam comprises a cone beam. 13. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first x-ray beam comprises a first fan beam for examining parts of the target that are in a first plane. 14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the x-ray source is configured to provide a second fan beam for examining parts of the target that are in a second plane. 15. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first x-ray beam comprises a first pencil beam for examining parts of the target that are along a first line. 16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the x-ray source is configured to provide a second pencil beam for examining parts of the target that are along a second line, the first line and the second line defining a plane. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the x-ray source is configured to provide a third pencil beam for examining parts of the target that are along a third line. 18. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the parameter comprises information regarding a density of agent attached to a cancer site, information regarding angiogenesis, information regarding hypoxia, information regarding pathological functional marker(s), information regarding an identifier of cancer malignancy, information regarding an identifier of cancer growth, or information regarding an identifier of cancer growth rate. 19. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the second x-ray beam has a first beam portion and a second beam portion travelling in different respective directions, and wherein the device is configured to allow the first beam portion to go through the one or more of the openings, and block the second beam portion. 20. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the angle is approximately 90 degrees. 21. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the angle is anywhere from 30 degrees to 100 degrees. 22. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processing unit is configured to calculate the parameter using an intensity of the first k-alpha peak, an intensity of the first k-beta peak, an intensity of the first Compton scatter peak, or two or more of the foregoing. 23. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processing unit is configured to calculate the parameter using an area under the first k-alpha peak, an area under the first k-beta peak, an area under the first Compton scatter peak, or two or more of the foregoing. 24. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processing unit is also configured to determine information regarding radiation treatment effectiveness, information regarding a progress of radiation treatment, or information regarding lack of a progress of radiation treatment. 25. An apparatus to examine a target, comprising:an x-ray source configured to deliver a first x-ray beam towards the target;a device having an array of openings, wherein at least two of the openings are next to each other in a side-by-side configuration, the device located at an angle less than 180 degrees relative to a beam path of the first x-ray beam to receive a second x-ray beam resulted from an interaction between the first x-ray beam and the target; anda detector aligned with the device, the detector located at an angle less than 180 degrees relative to the beam path of the first x-ray beam to receive the second x-ray beam from the device after the second x-ray beam has exited through one or more of the openings of the device;wherein the apparatus further comprises a processing unit configured to:determine two or more peaks based on data received from the detector, the two or more peaks selected from the group consisting of a first k-alpha peak, a first k-beta peak, a first Compton scatter peak, a second k-alpha peak, a second k-beta peak, and a second Compton scatter peak, andcalculate a parameter indicating a cancer characteristic by computing a ratio between two of the two or more peaks; andwherein the openings are arranged in a plurality of rows, and wherein each of the plurality of rows has multiple ones of the openings. 26. A method to image a target, comprising:directing a first x-ray beam generated from an x-ray source towards the target, wherein a second x-ray beam is generated by an interaction of the first x-ray beam with the target;using a device with an array of openings to collimate the second x-ray beam wherein at least two of the openings are next to each other in a side-by-side configuration;after the second x-ray beam has been collimated by the device, detecting the second x-ray beam using a detector that is placed at an angle less than 180 degrees relative to a path of the first x-ray beam; andobtaining quantum property for the target using the detected second x-ray beam;wherein the method further comprises:determining two or more peaks based on data received from the detector, the two or more peaks selected from the group consisting of a first k-alpha peak, a first k-beta peak, a first Compton scatter peak, a second k-alpha peak, a second k-beta peak, and a second Compton scatter peak, andcalculating a parameter indicating cancer characteristic, wherein the act of calculating the parameter comprises computing a ratio between two of the two or more peaks. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein the act of obtaining the quantum property comprises obtaining first energy spectrum data for a first part of the target and second energy spectrum data for a second part of the target. 28. The method of claim 26, wherein the second x-ray beam comprises a first portion and a second portion, wherein the act of using the device to collimate the second x-ray beam comprises collimating the second x-ray beam so that the first portion of the second x-ray beam is allowed to travel towards a first part of the detector, and the second portion of the second x-ray beam is allowed to travel towards a second part of the detector. 29. The method of claim 26, further comprising determine examination data based on signals generated by the detector, the examination data representing fluid build up, fluid retention, fluid wash out, rate of fluid build up, or rate of fluid wash out. 30. The method of claim 26, further reconstructing a volumetric image of the target using signals generated by the detector. 31. The method of claim 26, wherein the angle is a value that is anywhere between 30 degrees and 170 degrees. 32. The method of claim 26, wherein the second x-ray beam comprises a photo absorption component and a Compton scatter component. 33. The method of claim 26, further comprising collimating the first x-ray beam before the first x-ray beam reaches the target. 34. The method of claim 26, wherein the detector comprises a photo spectrum sensitive detector. 35. The method of claim 26, wherein the first x-ray beam comprises a cone beam. 36. The method of claim 26, wherein the first x-ray beam comprises a first fan beam, the first beam interacting with a first part, a second part, and a third part of the target to produce a first portion, a second portion, and a third portion, respectively, of the second x-ray beam;wherein the first part, the second part, and the third part of the target are in a first plane. 37. The method of claim 36, further comprising directing a second fan beam towards the target for examining parts of the target that are in a second plane. 38. The method of claim 26, wherein the first x-ray beam comprises a first pencil beam, the first pencil beam interacting with a first part of the target to produce a first portion of the second x-ray beam, and interacting with a second part of the target to produce a second portion of the second x-ray beam;wherein the first part and the second part of the target are along a first line. 39. The method of claim 38, further comprising directing a second pencil beam towards the target for examining parts of the target along a second line. 40. The method of claim 39, further comprising directing a third pencil beam towards the target for examining parts of the target along a third line. 41. The method of claim 26, further comprising using the quantum property to determine temporal information regarding the target. 42. The method of claim 26, wherein the quantum property comprises energy spectrum data. 43. The method of claim 26, wherein the parameter comprises information regarding a density of agent attached to a cancer site, information regarding angiogenesis, information regarding hypoxia, information regarding pathological functional marker(s), information regarding an identifier of cancer malignancy, information regarding an identifier of cancer growth, or information regarding an identifier of cancer growth rate. 44. The method of claim 26, wherein the second x-ray beam has a first beam portion and a second beam portion travelling in different respective directions, and wherein the device is used to allow the first beam portion to go through one or more of the openings while blocking the second beam portion. 45. The method of claim 26, wherein the angle is approximately 90 degrees. 46. The method of claim 26, wherein the angle is anywhere from 30 degrees to 100 degrees. 47. An apparatus to examine a target, comprising:an x-ray source configured to deliver a first x-ray beam towards the target;a device having an array of openings, wherein at least two of the openings are next to each other in a side-by-side configuration, the device located at an angle less than 180 degrees relative to a beam path of the first x-ray beam to receive a second x-ray beam resulted from an interaction between the first x-ray beam and the target;a detector aligned with the device, the detector located at an angle less than 180 degrees relative to the beam path of the first x-ray beam to receive the second x-ray beam from the device after the second x-ray beam has exited through one or more of the openings of the device; anda processing unit configured to determine two or more peaks based on data from the detector, the two or more peaks selected from the group consisting of a first k-alpha peak, a first k-beta peak, a first Compton scatter peak, a second k-alpha peak, a second k-beta peak, and a second Compton scatter peak, and wherein the processing unit is configured to determine a parameter indicating a cancer characteristic by calculating a ratio between two of the two or more peaks. 48. The apparatus of claim 47, wherein the angle is approximately 90 degrees. 49. A method to image a target, comprising:directing a first x-ray beam generated from an x-ray source towards the target, wherein a second x-ray beam is generated by an interaction of the first x-ray beam with the target;using a device with an array of openings to collimate the second x-ray beam wherein at least two of the openings are next to each other in a side-by-side configuration;after the second x-ray beam has been collimated by the device, detecting the second x-ray beam using a detector that is placed at an angle less than 180 degrees relative to a path of the first x-ray beam;determining two or more peaks based on data from the detector, the two or more peaks selected from the group consisting of a first k-alpha peak, a first k-beta peak, a first Compton scatter peak, a second k-alpha peak, a second k-beta peak, and a second Compton scatter peak; anddetermining a parameter indicating a cancer characteristic by calculating a ratio between two of the two or more peaks. 50. The method of claim 49, wherein the angle is approximately 90 degrees.