Patent Number: 
Section: claims

1. A method for evaluating the presence of a pharmaceutical material in a pharmaceutical process, comprising:providing the pharmaceutical material to a processing structure, the processing structure including at least one of a vessel or a pipe,removing at least part of the pharmaceutical material from said processing structure,transmitting at least one signal to be propagated in said processing structure,receiving the thus propagated signal,comparing at least one parameter value of the received signal with a reference value, andevaluating, based on the comparison of said values, if there is any remaining pharmaceutical material in the processing structure. 2. The method as claimed in claim 1, comprisingusing said processing structure as a waveguide, wherein transmitting a signal comprises transmitting at least one electromagnetic wave to be propagated in said processing structure, and wherein receiving the signal comprises receiving the thus propagated electromagnetic wave,wherein comparing at least on parameter value of the received signal comprises comparing at least one parameter value related to the received electromagnetic wave with said reference value. 3. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein said electromagnetic wave has a frequency in the range of about 300 MHz to about 300 GHz. 4. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein said received electromagnetic wave is a reflected wave received at substantially the same location from where it was transmitted, wherein the transmission and reception are preferably performed by means of a single antenna. 5. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein a first antenna is used for transmitting the electromagnetic wave and a second antenna is used for receiving the propagated electromagnetic wave. 6. The method as claimed in claim 2, comprising receiving said at least one electromagnetic wave at two or more locations by at least two antennas. 7. The method as claimed in claim 2, comprising transmitting electromagnetic waves from two or more locations by at least two antennas. 8. The method as claimed in claim 2, comprising at least one of transmitting and receiving at least one electromagnetic wave from at least one of an array of transmitters and an array of receivers provided on a common module. 9. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the signal is transmitted in a direction substantially parallel to a direction of flow of the pharmaceutical material. 10. The method as claimed in claim 9, wherein the direction of signal transmission is with the direction of flow of the pharmaceutical material. 11. The method as claimed in claim 9, wherein the direction of signal transmission is against the direction of flow of the pharmaceutical material. 12. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein transmitting a signal comprises transmitting at least one acoustic wave to be propagated in said processing structure, and wherein receiving the signal comprises receiving the thus propagated acoustic wave,wherein comparing at least one parameter value of the received signal comprises comparing at least one parameter value related to the received acoustic wave with said reference value. 13. The method as claimed in claim 1, comprising determining the reference value by, when a known amount of material is present in processing structure, transmitting at least one signal to be propagated in said processing structure, receiving the propagated signal, and determining the value of at least one parameter related to the received signal. 14. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said at least one parameter is selected from the group consisting of an amplitude, a phase, a power, and a frequency of the received signal. 15. The method as claimed in claim 1, comprising using at least one reflector in the propagation path of the transmitted signal in order to at least partially block the propagation of the transmitted signal and at least partially reflect the transmitted signal. 16. The method as claimed in claim 1, comprising adjusting the frequency of the signal to be transmitted so that a resonance will occur in the processing structure, wherein measurements are performed in a resonance mode of operation. 17. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said pharmaceutical material is a powder. 18. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the signal is transmitted into an input end of the processing structure. 19. A method for evaluating a processing structure used in a pharmaceutical process, the processing structure comprising a lumen adapted to receive materials, the method comprising:providing the processing structure,using the processing structure as a waveguide by transmitting at least one signal in the form of at least one electromagnetic wave to be propagated along a longitudinal axis of the lumen and guided by the processing structure,receiving the propagated electromagnetic wave;comparing at least one parameter value of the received electromagnetic wave with a reference value related to a reference state of the interior of the processing structure; andevaluating, based on the comparison of said values, if the present state of the interior of the processing structure is different from said reference state. 20. The method as claimed in claim 19, wherein said states are related to material content in the processing structure, wherein the processing structure contains a first amount of material in the reference state and a second amount of material in the present state, wherein the method comprises evaluating, based on the comparison of said values, whether said second amount is different from said first amount. 21. The method as claimed in claim 20, wherein said first amount is substantially zero and the method comprises evaluating whether there is any material in the processing structure. 22. The method as claimed in claim 20, wherein said first amount is a non-zero amount of material and the method comprises determining whether a certain filling level has been reached. 23. The method as claimed in claim 20, further comprising changing the amount of material inside the processing structure based on the evaluation of whether the second amount is different from the first amount. 24. The method as claimed in claim 19, further comprising controlling the pharmaceutical process based on said at least one parameter, wherein the action of controlling comprises at least stopping the pharmaceutical process and continuing the pharmaceutical process. 25. The method as claimed in claim 19, wherein at least the transmitting, receiving, and evaluating are performed continuously for monitoring the progress of the pharmaceutical process. 26. The method as claimed in claim 19, wherein said states are related to the internal geometry of the processing structure, the processing structure has a first internal geometry in the reference state at a first point of time and a second internal geometry in the present state at a second point of time, and the method comprises evaluating, based on the comparison of said values, if a geometrical change on the interior of the processing structure has occurred between said first and second points of time. 27. A method for evaluating a solid material in a pharmaceutical process, comprising:providing a waveguide configured for directing the propagation of electromagnetic waves,providing the solid material in said waveguide,transporting at least part of the solid material in said waveguide,removing at least part of the solid material from said waveguide,transmitting at least one signal, in the form of an electromagnetic wave, to be propagated in said waveguide,receiving the propagated electromagnetic wave, andusing at least one parameter related to the received electromagnetic wave to evaluate an amount of the solid material remaining in the waveguide. 28. A method of monitoring a process of transporting an amount of material through a pharmaceutical processing structure, the pharmaceutical processing structure comprising at least one of a vessel or a pipe, comprising:using the processing structure as a waveguide by transmitting signals in the form of a plurality of electromagnetic waves to be propagated along and guided by the processing structure,receiving the propagated plurality of electromagnetic waves;comparing at least one parameter value of the received plurality of electromagnetic waves with a reference value that is indicative of a reference state of the interior of the processing structure before said amount of material has been introduced into the processing structure; wherein when said amount of material is introduced into the processing structure, said parameter value will become different from said reference value, and when said amount of material has been transported through the processing structure, said parameter value will about equal said reference value.