Patent Number: 
Section: claims

1. A process for reducing radioactive contamination of a surface of a component which is used in a nuclear reactor and is in contact with radioactively contaminated water, comprising: producing a hydrophobic film on the surface of the component by wetting the surface with an aqueous solution containing a film-forming amphiphilic substance that comprises a primary, secondary, tertiary or quaternary amino group as a polar group, wherein the hydrophobic film prevents at least some radioactive particles from adhering to the surface of the component. 2. The process as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the hydrophobic film is produced on an interior surface of the component, the component comprising a water-conducting circuit of the nuclear reactor. 3. The process as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the hydrophobic film is produced after a part-circuit or full-circuit decontamination of the water-conducting circuit. 4. The process as claimed in claim 2, further comprising replacing the component with a new component, and forming a new hydrophobic film on the new component. 5. The process as claimed in claim 2, further comprising introducing a chemical compound or element into the aqueous solution that forms at least one layer on the surface before production of the hydrophobic film. 6. The process as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that the chemical compound or element is a noble metal. 7. The process as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that the chemical compound or element is a salt of chromic acid. 8. The process as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the hydrophobic film is produced at a point in time outside load operation. 9. The process as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that the hydrophobic film is produced during a start-up phase of the nuclear reactor. 10. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the component is a tool used for inspecting the nuclear reactor. 11. The process as claimed in claim 10, characterized in that the tool is dipped into an aqueous solution of the amphiphilic substance. 12. The process as claimed in claim 10, characterized in that the surface of the tool is sprayed with an aqueous solution of the amphiphilic substance. 13. The process as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that an application of the amphiphilic substance to the surface is stopped when the surface has been covered with the hydrophobic film. 14. The process as claimed in claim 1, characterized by use of an amphiphilic substance which has a polar end formed by at least one polar group and a nonpolar end formed by at least one hydrocarbon radical. 15. The process as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the contaminated water contains radioactive colloids and a film is produced by means of an amphiphilic substance which has a polar group having a charge having a same sign as the charge on the radioactive colloids. 16. The process as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that an amphiphilic substance which contains an aliphatic group as nonpolar radical is used. 17. The process as claimed in claim 1, characterized by a nonpolar radical having from 8 to 22 carbon atoms. 18. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein producing the hydrophobic film on the surface of the component is performed before the surface comes into contact with radioactively contaminated water. 19. The process as claimed claim 14, characterized in that the aqueous solution is influenced in such a way that a charge which is opposite to the charge of the polar group of the amphiphilic substance arises on the surface or that a surface charge opposite to that of the polar group of the amphiphilic substance is increased. 20. The process as claimed in claim 19, characterized in that an influence on the aqueous solution is exerted via a pH of the aqueous solution. 21. A process for reducing radioactive contamination of a surface of a component which is used in a nuclear reactor and is in contact with radioactively contaminated water, comprising: producing a hydrophobic film on the surface of the component, before the surface comes into contact with radioactively contaminated water, by wetting the surface with an aqueous solution containing a film-forming amphiphilic substance, wherein the hydrophobic film prevents at least some radioactive particles from adhering to the surface of the component.