Patent Number: 053274717
Section: claims

1. A nuclear reactor fuel assembly, comprising: a) at least one coolant tube with an upper end having an opening formed therein and an upper end piece and a lower end having an opening formed therein and a lower end piece;  b) a bottom plate being supported by said coolant tube and joined to said lower end piece in a dimensionally rigid manner, said bottom plate having inlet openings formed therein for liquid coolant;  c) a cover plate retaining said upper end piece and having outlet openings formed therein for a liquid/steam mixture of coolant;  d) gridlike spacers defining meshes therein, means for retaining said spacers on said coolant tube between said plates; and  e) a plurality of fuel rods each being guided through a respective one of said meshes, each of said fuel rods being filled with nuclear fuel and each of said fuel rods being joined to at most one of said plates.  a) a bundle of mutually parallel fuel rods containing nuclear fuel;  b) a fuel assembly head being disposed above said bundle and having a top with a bundle;  c) a bottom plate being disposed under said bundle and being permeable to liquid coolant; and  d) a coolant tube being disposed in said bundle, being parallel to said fuel rods and having upper and lower open ends;  e) said coolant tube having a lower end piece on said lower end being supportingly retained on said bottom plate for retaining said coolant tube on said bottom plate; and  f) supporting means for attaching said coolant tube to said fuel assembly head, said coolant tube having an upper end piece on said upper end being supportingly retained on said fuel assembly head and protruding from below into a recess formed substantially in a center portion of said fuel assembly head, said supporting means consisting essentially of said upper end piece and said recess.  a) a laterally outer fuel assembly case having an interior and open upper and lower ends;  b) a cover plate covering said upper end of said case and having coolant outlets formed therein;  c) a bottom plate covering said lower end of said case and having coolant inlets formed therein;  d) a coolant tube extending in axial direction in the interior of said case and having upper and lower ends, each of said upper and lower ends having at least one opening formed therein for the passage of water, said coolant tube having a lower end piece joined to said bottom plate with a rigid connection transmitting substantially all forces exerted upon said bottom plate to said lower end piece and to said coolant tube, and said coolant tube having an upper end piece, and a releasable connection supporting said upper end piece at said cover plate;  e) a plurality of spacers being substantially perpendicular to and retained on said coolant tube at predetermined axial positions, said spacers containing support ribs;  f) a plurality of fuel rods being parallel to said case, being respectively supported on said support ribs and having lower ends, some of said fuel rods extending substantially as far as said cover plate; and  g) lower closure caps standing unscrewed on said bottom plate and being disposed on said lower ends of at least all of said fuel rods extending substantially as far as said cover plate. 2. The fueld assembly according to claim 1, including a stop body mounted on said upper end piece, said cover plate being detachably retained on said stop body, and a lower closure cap disposed on said bottom plate, said fuel rods including longer and shorter fuel rods, and only said shorter fuel rods being retained by said lower closure cap on said bottom plate. 3. A nuclear reactor fuel assembly, comprising: 4. The fuel assembly according to claim 3, wherein said bottom plate and said fuel assembly head are supports for said coolant tube, one of said end pieces is longitudinally displaceably supported on one of said supports, and including a stop body on said fuel assembly head defining a maximal spacing between said supports, and at least one spring disposed between said supports for pressing one of said supports against said stop body. 5. The fuel assembly according to claim 4, including a stop shoulder formed onto said one displaceably supported end piece, said shoulder defining a minimal spacing between said fuel assembly head and said bottom plate. 6. The fuel assembly according to claim 4, wherein said spring is disposed on one of said fuel rods. 7. The fuel assembly according to claim 4, wherein said spring is disposed on one of the said pieces. 8. The fuel assembly according to claim 4, wherein said spring is disposed on said upper end piece. 9. The fuel assembly according to claim 3, wherein said fuel assembly head has a part being formed onto said handle, being secured against rotation, and being screwed on from above, and said upper end piece is passed through said part. 10. The fuel assembly according to claim 3, wherein said upper end piece carries a socket pin, said fuel assembly head carries a cover plate having coolant outlet openings formed therein, and said socket pin extends through said cover plate and carries a detachably mounted stop body for said cover plate. 11. The nuclear reactor fuel assembly according to claim 10, wherein said cover plate is mounted on said upper end piece, and including a supporting mechanical connection securing said bottom plate to said lower end piece, a spring under pressure pressing said cover plate against said stop body, and said fuel rods having upper ends with upper closure caps. 12. The nuclear reactor fuel assembly according to claim 11, wherein said upper closure caps are loosely guided on said cover plate in an appropriate receiving position. 13. The nuclear reactor fuel assembly according to claim 11, wherein said upper closure caps do not touch said cover plate in an appropriate receiving position. 14. A fuel assembly of a boiling water reactor, comprising: 15. The fuel assembly according to claim 14, wherein at least two of said spacers are penetrated by all of said fuel rods, said fuel rods include first and second groups of fuel rods, each of said fuel rods at least in said first group extend from said bottom plate as far as said cover plate and carry one of said lower closure caps on said lower end, said bottom plate has an upper surface facing toward said cover plate, said lower closure caps stand on said upper surface of said bottom plate, said fuel rods of said first group have upper ends, and including upper closure caps on said upper ends being loosely disposed on said cover plate at given receiving positions. 16. The fuel assembly according to claim 15, wherein each of said fuel rods in said second group is shorter than a fuel rod in said first group and carries one of said lower closure caps on said lower end being retained on said bottom plate, said fuel rods of said second group have upper ends, and including upper closure caps on said upper ends being disposed in the vicinity of one of said spacers and being spaced apart from said cover plate. 17. The fuel assembly according to claim 16, including a plug connection joining said lower closure caps of said fuel rods of said second group to said bottom plate. 18. The fuel assembly according to claim 16, wherein said coolant outlets in said cover plate are outlet openings disposed between said given receiving positions of said fuel rods of said first group and enlarged outlet openings disposed in a projection of said shorter fuel rods. 19. The fuel assembly according to claim 16, wherein said fuel rods of said second group are each disposed along diagonals of the cross section of said case. 20. The fuel assembly according to claim 16, wherein said case has walls, some of said fuel rods are adjacent said walls, and each of said fuel rods adjacent said walls belongs to said first group. 21. The fuel assembly according to claim 20, wherein said support ribs of said spacers define first through eleventh rows and first through eleventh columns of meshes between said support ribs, counting from said wall inward, and said fuel rods of said second group are each disposed in one of said third row and said third column. 22. The fuel assembly according to claim 14, wherein said upper end piece of said coolant tube passes through said cover plate from below and is screwed to said cover plate from above. 23. The fuel assembly according to claim 14, including a handle, said upper end piece of said coolant tube being passed through said cover plate from below and screwed to said cover plate and to said handle from above. 24. The fuel assembly according to claim 14, including a handle, said upper end piece of said coolant tube being passed through said cover plate from below and screwed to said handle from above. 25. The fuel assembly according to claim 23, wherein said handle is undetachably secured to said cover plate. 26. The fuel assembly according to claim 24, wherein said handle is undetachably secured to said cover plate. 27. The fuel assembly according to claim 14, including a part formed onto said bottom plate into which said lower end piece of said coolant tube is introduced, and a securing bolt securing said lower end piece to said part, to protect against relative rotation of said bottom plate and said coolant tube. 28. The fuel assembly according to claim 14, wherein said cover plate is resiliently supported against said bottom plate. 29. The fuel assembly according to claim 14, wherein said coolant inlets in said bottom plate are flow openings having cross sections creating a uniform flow through the fuel assembly with a pressure loss being negligible as compared to a pressure loss at said coolant outlets in said cover plate. 30. The fuel assembly according to claim 1, wherein said fuel rods have upper and lower ends, and including threadless closure caps disposed on said upper and lower ends of all of said fuel rods. 31. The fuel assembly according to claim 3, wherein said fuel rods have upper and lower ends, and including threadless closure caps disposed on said upper and lower ends of all of said fuel rods. 32. The fuel assembly according to claim 14, wherein said lower closure caps are disposed on said lower ends of all of said fuel rods, said fuel rods have upper ends, and including upper closure caps disposed on all of said upper ends of said fuel rods, all of said closure caps disposed on said upper and lower ends of all of said fuel rods being threadless.