Patent Number: 
Section: claims

1. A nuclear reactor, comprising: a housing with a reflector, forming a reactor core including an inner space; first process channels, located in the reactor core, designed for coolant circulation; second process channels, located in the reactor core, designed for placement of control and protection system components; a plurality of fuel rod arrays; a first coolant loop; wherein:the first coolant loop comprises a supply chamber including a bottom and a discharge chamber separated from the supply chamber by a partition; the first process channels are designed as bayonet tubes, each said bayonet tube includes an external tube and an internal tube, each said external tube is attached to the bottom of the supply chamber, and each said internal tube is attached to the partition; each fuel rod array of said plurality of fuel rod arrays is installed on a suspender, inside of each corresponding said internal tube, wherein the suspender is attached to an upper part of the discharge chamber; the second process channels are isolated from the supply chamber and the discharge chamber; and the inner space of the reactor core is filled with medium or material transparent for neutrons. 2. The nuclear reactor according to claim 1, wherein: the reflector comprising a side reflector designed as a pack of rings, an upper reflector and a lower reflector. 3. The nuclear reactor according to claim 1, wherein: the inner space is filled with a zirconium alloy. 4. The nuclear reactor according to claim 1, wherein: said control and protection system components include control and protection system controls located at an upper part of the discharge chamber. 5. The nuclear reactor according to claim 1, wherein: said control and protection system components include emergency protection absorbing rods, compensating rods, and absorbing control rods. 6. The nuclear reactor according to claim 5, wherein: the compensating rods and the emergency protection absorbing rods include an absorber consisting of B4C enriched to 80% for 10B. 7. The nuclear reactor according to claim 5, wherein: the control rods include an absorber consisting of B4C enriched to 20% for 10B. 8. The nuclear reactor according to claim 1, wherein: said plurality of fuel rod arrays include a part of fuel rods filled with Gd2O3 burnable absorber. 9. The nuclear reactor according to claim 1, wherein: said plurality of fuel rod arrays include a part of fuel rods filled with Er burnable absorber. 10. The nuclear reactor according to claim 1, wherein: said plurality of fuel rod arrays include a first number of fuel rods filled with Gd2O3 burnable absorber and a second number of fuel rods filled with Er burnable absorber.