Patent Number: 
Section: claims

1. A method for both imaging a tumor and treating the tumor of a patient using positively charged particles, comprising the steps of:providing a gantry support connected to a gantry, said gantry connected to at least a portion of a beam transport system;transporting the positively charged particle beam through said portion of said beam transport system;rotating said gantry and said portion of said beam transport system about a gantry rotation axis;translating a translatable imaging system parallel to an axis perpendicular to the gantry rotation axis;imaging the tumor using said translatable imaging system; andtreating the tumor using the positively charged particle beam. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising the steps of:positioning a first rail and a second rail, of a set of rails, on opposite sides of the patient;positioning an element of said translatable imaging system on said first rail, said element comprising at least one of: a source and a first detector;positioning at least a portion of a detector system element of said translatable imaging system on said second rail; andsaid step of translating linearly moving said set of rails relative to the tumor. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising the step of:monitoring gamma ray emissions using both: (1) said first detector and (2) a second detector of said detector system, said first detector and said second detector on the opposite sides of the patient. 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising the step of:generating a tomographic image of at least a portion of said tumor using output from both said first detector and said second detector. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising the step of:linearly translating said translatable imaging system while said step of rotating rotates said gantry. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising the steps of:extracting the positively charged particle beam from an ion source using a triode extraction system; andsubsequently accelerating the positively charged particle beam using an accelerator prior to said step of transporting. 7. The method of claim 2, said step of imaging further comprising the steps of:linearly translating said translatable imaging system while: (1) said step of rotating rotates said gantry and (2) said step of treating irradiates the tumor using the positively charged particle beam. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising the step of:dynamically controlling said step of treating using output generated in said step of imaging. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising the steps of:said step of imaging positioning a first gamma ray detector and a second gamma ray detector on opposite sides of the patient; andsaid step of translating said translatable imaging system: (1) moving said first gamma ray detector and said second gamma ray detector toward an input side of the positively charged particle beam as a function of decreasing energy of the positively charged particle beam and (2) moving said first gamma ray detector and said second gamma ray detector away from an input side of the positively charged particle beam as a function of increasing energy of the positively charged particle beam. 10. The method of claim 7, further comprising the step of:altering an axially cross-section shape of the positively charged particle beam using an insert retracted into an output nozzle of said portion of said beam transport system. 11. The method of claim 8, said step of imaging further comprising the step of:generating a positron emission tomogram using both: (1) output from said first detector mounted on said first rail on a first side of the patient and (2) output from a second detector mounted on said second rail on an opposite side of the patient. 12. The method of claim 1, further comprising:alternating between said step of imaging and said step of treating. 13. The method of claim 1, further comprising:providing a second rotation support system supporting at least a portion of an X-ray source system and a portion of an X-ray detector system of an X-ray system; andcircumferentially rotating all of: said second rotation support system, said portion of said X-ray source system, and said portion of said X-ray detector system about said gantry rotation axis independent from said step of rotating said gantry. 14. An apparatus for both imaging a tumor and treating the tumor of a patient, comprising:a gantry support connected to a gantry, said gantry positioning at least a portion of a beam transport system,wherein said gantry and said portion of said beam transport system rotate about a gantry rotation axis during use; anda translatable imaging system configured to translate parallel to an axis perpendicular to the gantry rotation axis,wherein said translatable imaging system images the tumor during use,wherein said positively charged particle beam, transported through said portion of said beam transport system, treats the tumor during use. 15. The apparatus of claim 14, said translatable imaging system further comprising:a first element of said imaging system mounted to a first extension position of a first extendable rail;a second element of said imaging system mounted to a first extension position of a second extendable rail, said first element and said second element extended to opposite sides of the tumor during use. 16. The apparatus of claim 15, said translatable imaging system further comprising:a source element of a second imaging system mounted to a second extension position of said first extendable rail;a detector element of said second imaging system mounted to a second extension position of said second extendable rail, said source element and said detector element extended to opposite sides of the tumor during use, said second imaging system using a distinct imaging technology from said first imaging system. 17. The apparatus of claim 14, said translatable imaging system configured to translate along a linear axis independent of rotation of said gantry about said gantry rotation axis. 18. The apparatus of claim 14, said gantry support further comprising:a rotatable gantry support. 19. A method for both imaging a portion of a sample and treating the sample using positively charged particles, comprising the steps of:providing a gantry support connected to a gantry, said gantry connected to at least a portion of a beam transport system;transporting the positively charged particle beam through said portion of said beam transport system;rotating said gantry and said portion of said beam transport system about a gantry rotation axis;translating a translatable imaging system parallel to an axis perpendicular to the gantry rotation axis;imaging the portion of the sample using said translatable imaging system; andtreating the sample using the positively charged particle beam. 20. The method of claim 19, at a common time of said step of rotating moving said portion of said beam transport system, said step of translating moving said imaging system.