Patent Number: 
Section: claims

1. A composition comprising a polymer having a degree of polymerization n, ranging from 2 to 10000, and containing 2 to 10000 monomer units, said monomer units being:either monomer units derived from 4-vinylpyridine, in which the carbons in position 2 and 6 are substituted by one of the substituents of the following group: carboxylic acid, or ester of 1 to 20 carbons,or monomer units derived from a co-monomer, provided that said monomer units derived from 4-vinylpyridine represent at least 20% of the degree of polymerization n, said polymer being optionally complexed with a metal, said polymer being linear or cross-linked. 2. The composition according to claim 1, comprising a linear or cross-linked polymer consisting of a monomer unit, of Formula I,in which:R4 is a compound allowing the propagation of the polymerization, whether or not originating from a polymerization initiator, or allowing the termination of the polymerization, or a transfer agent,A is a compound derived from said polymerization initiator or a fragment derived from the polymerization method,a and r are identical or different and are 0 or 1,i is a strictly positive, indexed integer, varying from 1 to n, itself comprised from 2 to 10000,and for each i:Ri,1 and Ri,2 are substituents chosen from the following group: carboxylic acid, or ester of 1 to 20 carbons,Bi is a monomer unit derived from a co-monomer, whether or not forming a cross-linking bridge,Mi is a metal,ni et mi, are integers equal to 0 or 1,ni+mi=1,xi is a number comprised from 0 to 6,pi is the electrical charge of the metal complex ranging from −6 to +6,said polymer being linear when there is no Bi forming a cross-linking bridge,said polymer being cross-linked when there is at least one Bi forming a cross-linking bridge between two linear polymers,or comprising a non-cross-linked linear polymer consisting of monomer unit, of Formula II,in which:the definitions of Ri,1, Ri,2, A, R4, a, r, Mi, xi, ni, mi, pi and i are as described for Formula I,Bi is a monomer unit derived from a co-monomer which does not form a cross-linking bridge. 3. Composition according to claim 1, comprising a polymer of Formula III,in which:R4 is a compound allowing the propagation of the polymerization, whether or not originating from a polymerization initiator, or allowing the termination of the polymerization, or a transfer agent,A is a compound derived from said polymerization initiator or a fragment derived from the polymerization method,a and r are identical or different and are 0 or 1,i is a strictly positive, indexed integer, varying from 1 to n, itself comprised from 2 to 10000,and for each i:Ri,1 and Ri,2 are substituents chosen from the following group: carboxylic acid, or ester of 1 to 20 carbons,Mi is a metal,xi is a number comprised from 0 to 6,pi is the electrical charge of the metal complex ranging from −6 to +6. 4. The composition according to claim 1, comprising a homopolymer of 2,6-dicarboxyl-4-vinylpyridine of Formula V,in which:R4 is a compound allowing the propagation of the polymerization, whether or not originating from a polymerization initiator, or allowing the termination of the polymerization, or a transfer agent,A is a compound derived from said polymerization initiator or a fragment derived from the polymerization method,a and r are identical or different and are 0 or 1,M is a metal,x is a number comprised from 0 to 6,p is the electrical charge of the metal complex ranging from −6 to +6,or comprising a homopolymer of 2,6-dicarboxyl-4-vinylpyridine represented by Formula VI,in which:the definitions of R4, A, a and r are as described for Formula V,or comprising a homopolymer of Formula XII,in which:the definitions of A, R4, r, and a are as described for Formula V,or comprising a homopolymer of 2,6-dicarboxyl-4-vinylpyridine complexed with uranium, represented by Formula XIII,in which:the definitions of A, R4, r, a are as described for Formula V,xU is a number comprised from 0 to 1. 5. The composition according to claim 1, comprising a polymer with at least one monomer unit derived from a co-monomer,or comprising a polymer with at least one monomer unit derived from a co-monomer, in which the level of monomer unit derived from a co-monomer varies from a value strictly greater than 0% to a value less than 80%. 6. The composition according to claim 1, comprising a polymer with at least one monomer unit derived from a co-monomer, said monomer units being derived from styrene or acrylic acid,or comprising a polymer with at least one monomer unit derived from a co-monomer, said monomer units being derived from styrene or acrylic acid, in which the level of monomer unit derived from a co-monomer varies from a value strictly greater than 0% to a value less than 80%. 7. The composition according to claim 1, comprising a block copolymer of Formula XVIII,in which:R4 is a compound allowing the propagation of the polymerization, whether or not originating from a polymerization initiator, or allowing the termination of the polymerization, or a transfer agent,A is a compound derived from said polymerization initiator or a fragment derived from the polymerization method,a and r are identical or different and are 0 or 1,R1 and R2 are substituents chosen from the following group: carboxylic acid, or ester of 1 to 20 carbons,B is a monomer unit derived from a non-forming co-monomer cross-linking bridge,d is the degree of polymerization of the block consisting of monomer units derived from 4-vinylpyridine and a is an integer,c is the degree of polymerization of the block consisting of monomer units derived from co-monomer and b is an integer,c+d=n,or comprising a two-block copolymer of Formula XIX ain which:the definitions of A, R4, a, r, c and d are as described for Formula XVIII. 8. The composition according to claim 1, comprising a cross-linked copolymer, said polymer being of Formula XX,in which:W is a strictly positive, indexed integer varying from 1 to the number of polymers cross-linked with the polymer of index 0, itself comprised from 1 to 1000,A0 and Aw are compounds derived from polymerization initiators,R4,0 and R4,w are compounds allowing the propagation of the polymerization, whether or not originating from said polymerization initiator, or allowing the termination of the polymerization, or a transfer agent,a0, r0, aw and rw are identical or different and are 0 or 1,i and j, w are integers which are strictly positive, indexed, varying respectively from 1 to ni and 1 to nj,w, ni and nj,w, being comprised from 1 to 9999,ni+n3,w=n, n being comprised from 3 to 10000,and for each i and each j, w:Ri,1, Ri,2, Rj,w,1 and Rj,w,2 are substituents chosen from the following group: carboxylic acid, or ester from 1 to 20 carbons,Bi,j,w is a monomer unit derived from a co-monomer, forming a cross-linking bridge between the polymer 0 in position i and the polymer of index w in position j,Ci and Cj,w are monomer units derived from a co-monomer which does not form a cross-linking bridge,ni, mi, oi, nj,w, mj,w, and oj,w, are integers equal to 0 or 1,ni+mi+oi=1,nj,w+mj,w+oj,w=1,the sum of the oj,w is non-zero and the sum of the oi is non-zero,or comprising a cross-linked copolymer of Formula XXI:in which:the definitions of w, A0, Aw, a0, aw, i, j, w, ni, nj,w, mi, mj,w, oi, oj,w, R4,0, R4,w, r0 and rw are as described for Formula XX. 9. The composition according to claim 1, comprising a polymer in which said polymer is complexed with a metal, or with a metal chosen from actinides, lanthanides or transition metals, or with uranium. 10. The composition according to claim 1, comprising a polymer soluble in aqueous solution or in sea water,or comprising a polymer complexed with a soluble or insoluble metal in aqueous solution,or comprising a polymer soluble in aqueous solution not complexed with a metal and insoluble in solution complexed with a metal, or with uranium. 11. The composition according to claim 1, comprising a polymer soluble in organic solvents, or in acetonitrile, or dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). 12. The composition according to claim 1, comprising a polymer in which A, Ao and Aw are derived from a polymerization initiator chosen from 4-(chloromethyl)-benzoyl chloride, benzyl chloride, AIBN, methyl-2-bromo-2-methylpropanoate,said polymer being of Formula I,in which:R4 is a compound allowing the propagation of the polymerization, whether or not originating from a polymerization initiator, or allowing the termination of the polymerization, or a transfer agent,a and r are identical or different and are 0 or 1,i is a strictly positive, indexed integer, varying from 1 to n, itself comprised from 2 to 10000,and for each i:Ri,1 and Ri,2 are substituents chosen from the following group: carboxylic acid, or ester of 1 to 20 carbons,Bi is a monomer unit derived from a co-monomer, whether or not forming a cross-linking bridge,Mi is a metal,ni et mi, are integers equal to 0 or 1,ni+mi=1,xi is a number comprised from 0 to 6,pi is the electrical charge of the metal complex ranging from −6 to +6,said polymer being linear when there is no Bi forming a cross-linking bridge,said polymer being cross-linked when there is at least one Bi forming a cross-linking bridge between two linear polymers,or said polymer being of Formula IIin which:the definitions of Ri,1, Ri,2, R4, a, r, Mi, xi, ni, mi, pi and i are as described for Formula I,Bi is a monomer unit derived from a co-monomer which does not form a cross-linking bridge,or said polymer being of Formula IIIin which:R4 is a compound allowing the propagation of the polymerization, whether or not originating from a polymerization initiator, or allowing the termination of the polymerization, or a transfer agent,a and r are identical or different and are 0 or 1,i is a strictly positive, indexed integer, varying from 1 to n, itself comprised from 2 to 10000,and for each i:Ri,1 and Ri,2 are substituents chosen from the following group: carboxylic acid, or ester of 1 to 20 carbons,Mi is a metal,xi is a number comprised from 0 to 6,pi is the electrical charge of the metal complex ranging from −6 to +6,or said polymer being of Formula XVIII,in which:R4 is a compound allowing the propagation of the polymerization, whether or not originating from a polymerization initiator, or allowing the termination of the polymerization, or a transfer agent,a and r are identical or different and are 0 or 1,R1 and R2 are substituents chosen from the following group: carboxylic acid, or ester of 1 to 20 carbons,B is a monomer unit derived from a non-forming co-monomer cross-linking bridge,d is the degree of polymerization of the block consisting of monomer units derived from 4-vinylpyridine and a is an integer,c is the degree of polymerization of the block consisting of monomer units derived from co-monomer and b is an integer,c+d=n,or said polymer being of Formula XX,in which:W is a strictly positive, indexed integer varying from 1 to the number of polymers cross-linked with the polymer of index 0, itself comprised from 1 to 1000,R4,0 and R4,w are compounds allowing the propagation of the polymerization, whether or not originating from said polymerization initiator, or allowing the termination of the polymerization, or a transfer agent,a0, r0, aw and rw are identical or different and are 0 or 1,i and j, w are integers which are strictly positive, indexed, varying respectively from 1 to ni and 1 to nj,w, ni and nj,w, being comprised from 1 to 9999,ni+nj,w=n, n being comprised from 3 to 10000,and for each i and each j, w:Ri,1, Ri,2, Rj,w,1 and Rj,w,2 are substituents chosen from the following group: carboxylic acid, or ester from 1 to 20 carbons,Bi,j,w is a monomer unit derived from a co-monomer, forming a cross-linking bridge between the polymer 0 in position i and the polymer of index w in position j,Ci and Cj,w are monomer units derived from a co-monomer which does not form a cross-linking bridge,ni, mi, oi, nj,w, mj,w, and oj,w are integers equal to 0 or 1,ni+mi+oi=1,nj,w+mj,w+oj,w=1,the sum of the oj,w is non-zero and the sum of the oi is non-zero. 13. The composition according to claim 1, comprising a polymer in which R4, R4,0 et R4,w are chosen from a chlorine atom, or the compounds of Formula XXII,or comprising a polymer of Formula XXIII,said polymer being of Formula I,in which:A is a compound derived from said polymerization initiator or a fragment derived from the polymerization method,a and r are identical or different and are 0 or 1,i is a strictly positive, indexed integer, varying from 1 to n, itself comprised from 2 to 10000,and for each i:Ri,1 and Ri,2 are substituents chosen from the following group: carboxylic acid, or ester of 1 to 20 carbons,Bi is a monomer unit derived from a co-monomer, whether or not forming a cross-linking bridge,Mi is a metal,ni et mi, are integers equal to 0 or 1,ni+mi=1,xi is a number comprised from 0 to 6,pi is the electrical charge of the metal complex ranging from −6 to +6,said polymer being linear when there is no Bi forming a cross-linking bridge,said polymer being cross-linked when there is at least one Bi forming a cross-linking bridge between two linear polymers,or said polymer being of Formula IIin which:the definitions of Ri,1, Ri,2, A, a, r, Mi, xi, ni, mi, pi and i are as described for Formula I,Bi is a monomer unit derived from a co-monomer which does not form a cross-linking bridge,or said polymer being of Formula IIIin which:A is a compound derived from said polymerization initiator or a fragment derived from the polymerization method,a and r are identical or different and are 0 or 1,i is a strictly positive, indexed integer, varying from 1 to n, itself comprised from 2 to 10000,and for each i:Ri,1 and Ri,2 are substituents chosen from the following group: carboxylic acid, or ester of 1 to 20 carbons,Mi is a metal,xi is a number comprised from 0 to 6,pi is the electrical charge of the metal complex ranging from −6 to +6,or said polymer being of Formula XVIII,in which:A is a compound derived from said polymerization initiator or a fragment derived from the polymerization method,a and r are identical or different and are 0 or 1,R1 and R2 are substituents chosen from the following group: carboxylic acid, or ester of 1 to 20 carbons,B is a monomer unit derived from a non-forming co-monomer cross-linking bridge,d is the degree of polymerization of the block consisting of monomer units derived from 4-vinylpyridine and a is an integer,c is the degree of polymerization of the block consisting of monomer units derived from co-monomer and b is an integer,c+d=n,or said polymer being of Formula XX,in which:W is a strictly positive, indexed integer varying from 1 to the number of polymers cross-linked with the polymer of index 0, itself comprised from 1 to 1000,A0 and Aw are compounds derived from polymerization initiators,a0, r0, aw and rw are identical or different and are 0 or 1,i and j, w are integers which are strictly positive, indexed, varying respectively from 1 to ni and 1 to nj,w, ni and nj,w, being comprised from 1 to 9999,ni+nj,w=n, n being comprised from 3 to 10000,and for each i and each j, w:Ri,1, Ri,2, Rj,w,1 and Rj,w,2 are substituents chosen from the following group: carboxylic acid, or ester from 1 to 20 carbons,Bi,j,w is a monomer unit derived from a co-monomer, forming a cross-linking bridge between the polymer 0 in position i and the polymer of index w in position j,Ci and Cj,w are monomer units derived from a co-monomer which does not form a cross-linking bridge,ni, mi, oi, nj,w, mj,w, and oj,w, are integers equal to 0 or 1,ni+mi+oi=1,nj,w+mj,w+oj,w=1,the sum of the oj,w is non-zero and the sum of the oi is non-zero. 14. A method for the preparation of a polymer having a degree of polymerization n, ranging from 2 to 10000, and containing 2 to 10000 monomer units, said monomer units being:either monomer units derived from 4-vinylpyridine, in which the carbons in position 2 and 6 are substituted by one of the substituents of the following group: carboxylic acid, or ester of 1 to 20 carbons,or monomer units derived from a co-monomer,provided that said monomer units derived from 4-vinylpyridine represent at least 20% of the degree of polymerization n,said polymer being optionally complexed with a metal,said polymer being linear or cross-linked,said method comprising the following steps:A radical polymerization step starting with the initiation of a polymerization initiator to obtain an initiated polymerization initiator followed by the contacting of said initiated polymerization initiator with,at least one monomer derived from 4-vinylpyridine in which the carbons in position 2 and 6 are substituted by ester of 1 to 20 carbons,and optionally with at least a co-monomer,with or without cross-linking,to obtain a polymer,optionally a modification step by bringing said polymer into contact with a reagent to modify at least one of the above substituents in position 2 and/or 6, in order to obtain a optionally modified polymer,optionally a complexation step by bringing said optionally modified polymer into contact with a metal to obtain an optionally modified and optionally complexed polymer. 15. The method of preparation according to claim 14, wherein the polymer is a polymer of Formula I:in which:R4 is a compound allowing the propagation of the polymerization, whether or not originating from a polymerization initiator, or allowing the termination of the polymerization, or a transfer agent,A is a compound derived from said polymerization initiator or a fragment derived from the polymerization method,a and r are identical or different and are 0 or 1,i is a strictly positive, indexed integer, varying from 1 to n, itself comprised from 2 to 10000,and for each i:Ri,1 and Ri,2 are substituents chosen from the following group: carboxylic acid, or ester of 1 to 20 carbons,Bi is a monomer unit derived from a co-monomer, whether or not forming a cross-linking bridge,Mi is a metal,ni et mi, are integers equal to 0 or 1,ni+mi=1,xi is a number comprised from 0 to 6,pi is the electrical charge of the metal complex ranging from −6 to +6,said polymer being linear when there is no Bi forming a cross-linking bridge,said method comprising:a step of radical polymerization starting with the initiation of a polymerization initiator then continuing with the contacting of said initiated polymerization initiator with a 4-vinylpyridine derivative of Formula XXIV,in which:Zi,1 et Zi,2 are ester from 1 to 20 carbons,with optionally at least one co-monomer,with or without cross-linking bridge,to obtain the polymer of Formula XXV,optionally a modification step when at least one of the Zi,1 is different from Ri,1 or when at least one of the Zi,2 is different from Ri,2, of said polymer of Formula XXV with a reagent containing a hydroxide anion, carbonate or phosphate, to obtain the polymer of Formula XXVI,optionally a step of complexing said polymer of Formula XXVI with at least one metallic compound to obtain the polymer of Formula I. 16. The method of preparation according to claim 14, wherein the polymer is a polymer of Formula IV:in whichR4 is a compound allowing the propagation of the polymerization, whether or not originating from a polymerization initiator, or allowing the termination of the polymerization, or a transfer agent,A is a compound derived from said polymerization initiator or a fragment derived from the polymerization method,a and r are identical or different and are 0 or 1,i is a strictly positive, indexed integer, varying from 1 to n, itself comprised from 2 to 10000,and for each i:Mi is a metal,xi is a number comprised from 0 to 6,pi is the electrical charge of the metal complex ranging from −6 to +6,R1 et R2 are substituents chosen from the following group: carboxylic acid, or ester of 1 to 20 carbons,said method comprising:a radical polymerization step starting with the initiation of a polymerization initiator then continuing by bringing said initiated polymerization initiator into contact with a monomer derived from 4-vinylpyridine of Formula XXXI,in whichZ1 and Z2 are ester of 1 to 20 carbons,to obtain a polymer of Formula XXXII,in which:the definitions of A, R4, i, r, and a are as described for Formula IV,a modification step, when Z1 is different from R1 or when Z2 is different from R2, of said polymer of Formula XXXII with a reagent containing a hydroxide, carbonate or phosphate anion, to obtain the polymer of Formula XXXIII,optionally a complexing step of said polymer of Formula XXXIII with at least one metal to obtain the polymer of Formula IV,or wherein the polymer is a polymer of Formula V:in which:R4 is a compound allowing the propagation of the polymerization, whether or not originating from a polymerization initiator, or allowing the termination of the polymerization, or a transfer agent,A is a compound derived from said polymerization initiator or a fragment derived from the polymerization method,a and r are identical or different and are 0 or 1,M is a metal,x is a number comprised from 0 to 6,p is the electrical charge of the metal complex ranging from −6 to +6,said method comprising:a radical polymerization step starting with the initiation of a polymerization initiator and then continuing with the contacting of said initiated polymerization initiator with 4-vinylpyridine derivative of Formula XL,to obtain a polymer of Formula XII,a step of modifying said polymer of Formula XII with a base to obtain a polymer of Formula VI,a step of complexing said polymer of Formula VI with a metal to obtain a polymer of Formula V. 17. The method of preparation according to claim 14, wherein the polymer is a polymer of Formula XVIII:in which:R4 is a compound allowing the propagation of the polymerization, whether or not originating from a polymerization initiator, or allowing the termination of the polymerization, or a transfer agent,A is a compound derived from said polymerization initiator or a fragment derived from the polymerization method,a and r are identical or different and are 0 or 1,R1 and R2 are substituents chosen from the following group: carboxylic acid, or ester of 1 to 20 carbons,B is a monomer unit derived from a non-forming co-monomer cross-linking bridge,d is the degree of polymerization of the block consisting of monomer units derived from 4-vinylpyridine and a is an integer,c is the degree of polymerization of the block consisting of monomer units derived from co-monomer and b is an integer,c+d=n,said method comprising:a step of radical polymerization starting with 1 priming of a polymerization initiator then continuing by bringing said initiated polymerization initiator into contact with a monomer derived from 4-vinylpyridine of Formula XXXI,in which:Z1 and Z2 are ester of 1 to 20 carbons, with a polymer of Formula XXXIV,in which:the definitions of A, R4, a, and r are as described for Formula XVIII,B is a monomer unit derived from a co-monomer which does not form a cross-linking bridge,c is the degree of polymerization of the polymer and c is an integer strictly lower than 0.8 n,to obtain the polymer of Formula XXXV,in which:d is an integer,c+d=n,a modification step, when Z1 is different from R1 or when Z2 is different from R2, of said polymer of Formula XXXV with a reagent containing an anion hydroxide, carbonate or phosphate, to obtain the polymer of Formula XVIII,said method optionally comprising before the radical polymerization step by bringing a monomer derived from 4-vinylpyridine of Formula XXXI into contact with a polymer of Formula XXXIV,a radical polymerization step of a co-monomer of Formula XXXVI to obtain said polymer of Formula XXXIV,wherein the definition of B is a monomer unit derived from a co-monomer which does not form a cross-linking bridge. 18. The method of preparation according to claim 14, wherein the polymer is a copolymer of Formula XIX:in which:R4 is a compound allowing the propagation of the polymerization, whether or not originating from a polymerization initiator, or allowing the termination of the polymerization, or a transfer agent,A is a compound derived from said polymerization initiator or a fragment derived from the polymerization method,a and r are identical or different and are 0 or 1,d is the degree of polymerization of the block consisting of monomer units,c is the degree of polymerization of the block consisting of monomer units derived from co-monomer, said method comprising:a step of radical polymerization by bringing a polymer of Formula XLI into contact,with 4-vinylpyridine derivative of Formula XL, to obtain the polymer of Formula XIX,said method optionally comprising, before the radical polymerization step by bringing a monomer derived from 4-vinylpyridine of Formula XL into contact with a polymer of Formula XLI,a step of radical polymerization of styrene, to obtain said polymer of Formula XIX. 19. The method for the preparation of a polymer, according to claim 14, in which the said radical polymerization step is a polymerization of the MP, RAFT, ATRP, SARA ATRP type or a conventional radical polymerization. 20. The method of fighting counterfeiting, comprising a step of labeling of organic and/or inorganic surfaces or luxury products with a composition comprising a polymer having a degree of polymerization n, ranging from 2 to 10000, and containing 2 to 10000 monomer units, said monomer units being:either monomer units derived from 4-vinylpyridine, in which the carbons in position 2 and 6 are substituted by one of the substituents of the following group: carboxylic acid, or ester of 1 to 20 carbons,or monomer units derived from a co-monomer,provided that said monomer units derived from 4-vinylpyridine represent at least 20% of the degree of polymerization n,said polymer being optionally complexed with a metal,said polymer being linear or cross-linked.