Patent Number: 
Section: description

It shall be shown theoretically on the basis of FIGS. 1-20, how a system can be provided for any desired illumination distribution in a plane, which satisfies the requirements with reference to uniformity and telecentricity, In FIG. 1, a principle diagram of the beam path of a system with two plates with raster elements is illustrated. The light of the primary light source 1 is collected by means of a collector lens 3 and converted into a parallel or convergent light beam. The field raster elements 5 of the first raster element plate 7 decompose the light beam and produce secondary light sources at the site of the pupil raster elements 9. At the position of the secondary light sources the pupil plane of the illumination system is arranged. The field lens 12 images these secondary sources in the exit pupil of the illumination system or the entrance pupil of the subsequent projection objective forming tertiary light sources. The field raster elements 5 are imaged by the pupil raster elements 9 and the field lens 12 into the image plane of the illumination system. In this plane the reticle 14 is arranged. Such an arrangement is characterized by an interlinked beam path of field and pupil planes from the source up to the entrance pupil of the subsequent projection objective. For this, the designation xe2x80x9cKxc3x6hler illuminationxe2x80x9d is also often selected. The illumination system according to FIG. 1 is considered segmentally below. If the light intensity and aperture distribution is known in the plane of the field raster elements, the system can be described independent of source type and collector unit. The field and pupil imaging are illustrated for the central pair of field raster element 20 and pupil raster element 22 in FIGS. 2A and 2B. The field raster element 20 is imaged on the reticle 14 or the mask by means of the pupil raster element 22 and the field lens 12. The geometric extension of the field raster element 20 determines the shape of the illuminated field in the reticle plane 14. The image scale is approximately given by the ratio of the distance from pupil raster element 22 to reticle 14 and the distance from field raster element 20 to pupil raster element 22. The field raster element 20 is designed such that an image of primary light source 1, a secondary light source, is formed at the site of pupil raster element 22. If the extension of the primary light source 1 is small, for example, approximately point-like, then all light rays run through the centers of the pupil raster elements 22. In such a case, an illumination device can be produced, in which the pupil raster element is dispensed with. As is shown in FIG. 2B, the task of field lens 12 consists of imaging the secondary light sources in the entrance pupil 26 of projection objective 24 forming tertiary light sources. With the field lens the field imaging can be influenced in such a way that it forms the arc-shaped field by control of the distortion. The imaging scale of the field raster element image is thus almost not changed. A special geometrical form of a field raster element 20 and a pupil raster element 22 is shown in FIG. 3. In the form of embodiment represented in FIG. 3, the shape of field raster element 20 is selected as a rectangle. Thus, the aspect ratio of the field raster element 20 corresponds approximately to the ratio of the arc length to the annular width of the required arc-shaped field in the reticle plane. The arc-shaped field is formed by the field lens 32, as shown in FIG. 4. Without the field lens 32, as shown in FIG. 3, a rectangular field is formed in the reticle plane. As shown in FIG. 4, one grazing-incidence field mirror 32 is used for the shaping of arc-shaped field 30. Under the constraint that the beam reflected by the reticle should not be directed back into the illumination system, one or two field mirrors 32 are required, depending on the position of the entrance pupil of the objective. If the principal rays run divergently into the objective that is not shown, then one field mirror 32 is sufficient, as shown in FIG. 4. In the case of principal rays entering the projection objective convergently, two field mirrors are required. The second field mirror must rotate the orientation of the ring 30. Such a configuration is shown in FIG. 5. In the case of an illumination system in the EUV wavelength region, all components must be reflective ones. Due to the high reflection losses at xcex=10 nm-14 nm, it is advantageous that the number of reflections be kept as small as possible. In the construction of the reflective system, the mutual vignetting of the beams must be taken into consideration. This can occur due to construction of the system in a zigzag beam path or by operating with obscurations. The design process will be described below for the preparation of a design for an EUV illumination system with any illumination in a plane, as an example. The definitions necessary for the design process are shown in FIG. 6. First, the beam path is calculated for the central pair of raster elements. In a first step, the size of field raster elements 5 of the field raster element plate 7 will be determined. As indicated previously, the aspect ratio (x/y) results for rectangular raster elements from the shape of the arc-shaped field in the reticle plane. The size of the field raster elements is determined by the illuminated area A of the intensity distribution of the arbitrary light source in the plane of the field raster elements and the number N of the field raster elements on the raster element plate, which in turn is given by the number of secondary light sources. The number of secondary light sources results in turn from the uniformity of the field and pupil illumination. The raster element surface AFRE of a field raster element can be expressed as follows with xFRE, yFRE: AFRE=xFRExe2x80xa2yFRE=(xfield/yfield)xe2x80xa2y2FRE whereby xfield, yfield describe the size of the rectangle, which establishes the arc-shaped field. Further, the following is valid for the number N of field raster elements: N=A/AFRE=A/[y2FRExe2x80xa2(xfield/yfield)]. From this, there results for the size of the individual field raster element: yFRE={square root over (A/[Nxe2x80xa2(xfield+L /yfield+L )])} and xFRE=(xfield/yfield)xe2x80xa2yFRE The raster element size and the size of the rectangular field in the reticle plane establish the imaging scale xcex2FRE of the field raster element imaging and thus the ratio of the distances z1 and z2. xcex2FRE=xfield/yfield=z2/z1 The pregiven structural length L for the illumination system and the imaging scale xcex2FRE of the field raster element imaging determine the absolute size of z1 and z2 and thus the position of the pupil raster element plate. The following is valid: z1=L/(1+xcex2FRE) z2=z1xe2x80xa2xcex2FRE Then, z1 and z2 determine in turn the curvature of the pupil raster elements. The following is valid:       R    FRE    =            2      ·              z        1            ·              z        2                            z        1            +              z        2             In order to image the pupil raster elements in the entrance pupil of the projection objective and to remodel the rectangular field into an arc-shaped field, a field lens comprising one or more field mirrors, preferably of toroidal form, are introduced between the pupil raster element plate and the reticle. By introducing the field mirrors, the previously given structural length is increased, since among other things, the mirrors must maintain minimum distances in order to avoid light vignetting. The positioning of the field raster elements depends on the intensity distribution in the plane of the field raster elements. The number N of the field raster elements is pregiven by the number of secondary light sources. The field raster elements will preferably be arranged on the field raster element plate in such a way that they cover the illuminated surfaces without mutually vignetting. In order to position the pupil raster elements, the raster pattern of the tertiary light sources in the entrance pupil of the projection objective will be given in advance. The tertiary light sources are imaged by the field lens counter to the direction of light into the secondary light sources. The aperture stop plane of this imaging is in the reticle plane. The images of the tertiary light sources give the (x, y, z) positions of the pupil raster elements which are arranged at the positions of the secondary light sources. The tilt and rotational angles remain as degrees of freedom for producing the light path between the field and pupil raster elements. If a pupil raster element is assigned to each field raster element in one configuration of the invention, then the light path will be produced by tilting and rotating field and pupil raster elements. Thereby the light beams, generated by the field raster elements, are deviated in such a way that the center rays of the light beams all intersect the optical axis in the reticle plane. The assignment of field and pupil raster elements can be made freely. One possibility for arrangement would be to assign spatially adjacent field and pupil raster elements. Thereby, the deflecting angles become minimal. Another possibility consists of homogenizing the intensity distribution in the pupil plane. This is made, for example, if the intensity distribution has a non-homogeneous distribution in the plane of the field raster elements. If the field and pupil raster elements have similar positions, the distribution is transferred to the pupil illumination. By intermixing the light beams the light distribution in the pupil plane can be homogenized. Advantageously, the individual components of field raster element plate, pupil raster element plate and field mirrors of the illumination system are arranged in the beam path such that a beam path free of vignetting is possible. If such an arrangement has effects on the imaging, then the individual light channels and the field mirrors must be re-optimized. With the design process described above, illumination systems for EUV lithography are obtained for any light distribution at the plate with the field raster elements with two normal-incidence reflections for the field and. pupil raster elements and one to two normal or grazing-incidence reflections for the field lens. These systems have the following properties: a. An homogeneous illumination of an arc-shaped field b. An homogeneous and field-independent pupil illumination c. The combining of the exit pupil of the illumination system and the entrance pupil of the projection objective d. The adjustment of a pregiven structural length e. The collection of nearly all light generated by the primary light source. Arrangements of field raster elements and pupil raster elements will be described below for one form of embodiment of the invention with field and pupil raster element plates. First, different arrangements of the field raster elements on the field raster element plate will be considered. The intensity distribution can be selected as desired. The introduced examples are limited to simple geometric shapes of the light distributions, such as circle, rectangle, or the coupling of several circles or rectangles, but the present invention is not limited on these shapes. The intensity distribution will. be homogeneous within the illuminated region or have a slowly varying distribution. The aperture distribution will be independent of the position inside the light distribution. In the case of circular illumination A of field raster element plate 100, field raster elements 102 may be arranged, for example, in columns and rows, as shown in FIG. 7. As an alternative to this, the center points of the raster elements 102 can be distributed uniformly by shifting the rows over the surface, as shown in FIG. 8. The rows are displaced relatively to an adjacent row. This arrangement is better adapted to a uniform distribution of the secondary light sources in the pupil plane. A rectangular illumination A with a arrangement of the field raster elements 102 in rows and columns is shown in FIG. 9. A displacement of the rows, as shown in FIG. 10, leads to a more uniform distribution of the secondary light sources in the pupil plane. However, without tilting the field raster elements 102 the secondary light sources are arranged within a rectangle corresponding to the arrangement of the field raster elements 102. Since the pupil raster elements are typically arranged inside a circle to get a circular illumination of the exit pupil of the illumination system, it is necessary to tilt the field and pupil raster elements to produce a continuous light path between the corresponding field and pupil raster elements. If illumination A of field raster element plate 100 comprises several circles, A1, A2, A3, A4, for example by coupling several sources, then, intermixing is insufficient with an arrangement of the raster elements 102 with a high (x/y)-aspect ratio in rows and columns according to FIG. 11. A more uniform illumination is obtained by shifting the raster element rows, as shown in FIG. 12. FIGS. 13 and 14 show the distribution of field raster elements 102 in the case of combined illumination from the individual rectangles A1, A2, A3, A4. Now, for example, arrangements of the pupil raster elements on the pupil raster element plate will be described. In the arrangement of pupil raster elements, two points of view are to be considered: 1. For minimizing the tilt angle of field and pupil raster elements for producing the light path, it is advantageous to maintain the arrangement of field raster elements. This is particularly advantageous with an approximately circular illumination of the field raster element plate. 2. For homogeneous filling of the pupil, the tertiary light sources, which are images of the secondary light sources, will be distributed uniformly in the entrance pupil of the projection objective. This can be achieved by providing a uniform raster pattern of tertiary light sources in the entrance pupil of the projection objective. These are imaged counter to the direction of light with the field lens in the plane of the pupil raster elements and determine in this way the ideal site of the pupil raster elements, which are arranged nearby the secondary light sources. If the field lens is free of distortion, then the distribution of the pupil raster elements corresponds to the distribution of the tertiary light sources. However, since the field lens forms the arc-shaped field, distortion is purposely introduced. This does not involve rotational-symmetric distortion, but involves the bending of horizontal lines into arcs. In the ideal case, the y distance of the arcs remains almost constant. Real grazing-incidence field mirrors, however, also show an additional distortion in the y-direction. A raster 110 of tertiary light sources 112 in the entrance pupil of the projection objective, which is also the exit pupil of the illumination system, is shown in FIG. 15, as it had been produced for distortion-free field lens imaging The arrangement of the tertiary light sources 112 corresponds precisely to the pregiven arrangement of pupil raster elements. If the field lenses are utilized for shaping the arc-shaped field, as in FIG. 16, then the tertiary light sources 112 lie on arcs 114. If the pupil raster elements of individual rows are placed on the arcs which compensate for the distortion, then one can place the tertiary light sources again on a regular raster. If the field lens also introduces distortion in the y-direction, then the distribution of the tertiary light sources is distorted in the y-direction, as shown in FIG. 17. This effect can be compensated by arranging the pupil raster elements on a grid which is distorted in y-direction. The extent of the illuminated area onto the field raster element plate is determined by design of the collector unit. The extent of the illuminated area onto the pupil raster element plate is determined by the structural length of the illumination system and the aperture in the reticle plane. As described above, the two surfaces must be fine-tuned to one another by rotating and tilting the field and pupil raster elements. For illustration, the design of the illumination system will be explained with refractive elements. The examples, however, can be transferred directly to reflective systems. Various configurations can be distinguished for a circular illumination of field raster element plates, as presented below. If a converging effect is introduced by tilting the field raster elements, and a diverging effect is introduced by tilting the pupil raster elements, then the beam cross section can be reduced. The tilt angles of the individual raster elements are determined by tracing the center rays for each pair of raster elements. The system acts like a telescope-system for the central rays, as shown in FIG. 18. How far the field raster elements must be tilted, depends on the convergence of the impinging beam. If the convergence is adapted to the reduction of the beam cross section, the field raster elements can be arranged onto a planar substrate without tilting the field raster elements. A special case results, if the convergence between the field and the pupil raster element plate corresponds to the aperture NAfield at the reticle, as shown in FIG. 19. No diverging effect must be introduced by the pupil raster elements, so they can be utilized without tilting the pupil raster elements. If the light source also has a very small etendue, the pupil raster element can be completely dispensed with. A magnification of the beam cross section is possible, if diverging effect is introduced by tilting of the field raster elements, and collecting effect is introduced by tilting the pupil raster elements. The system operates like a retro-focus system for the central rays, as shown in FIG. 20. If the divergence of the impinging radiation corresponds to the beam divergence between field and pupil raster elements, then the field raster elements can be used without tilting the field raster elements. Instead of the circular shape that has been described, rectangular or other shapes of illumination A of the field raster element plate are possible. The following drawings describe one form of embodiment of the invention, in which a pinch-plasma source is used as the light source of the EUV illumination system. The principal construction without field lens of such a form of embodiment is shown in FIG. 21; FIG. 22 shows the abbreviations necessary for the system derivation, whereby for better representation, the system was plotted linearly and mirrors were indicated as lenses. An illumination system with pinch-plasma source 200 as primary light source, as shown in FIG. 21, comprises a light source 200, a collector mirror 202, which collects the light and reflects it to the field raster element plate 204. By reflection at the field raster elements, the light is directed to the corresponding pupil raster elements of pupil raster element plate 206 and from there to reticle 208. The pinch-plasma source is an expanded light source (approximately 1 mm) with a directional radiation in a relatively small steradian region of approximately xcexa9=0.3 sr. Based on the etendue of the primary light source, a pupil raster element plate 206 is used. The following specifications are used, for example, for an illumination system for EUV lithography: a. Arc-shaped field: Radius Rfield=100 mm, segmentxe2x88x92angle 60xc2x0, field width xc2x13.0 mm, which corresponds to a rectangular field of 105 mmxc3x976 mm b. Aperture at the reticle: NAfield=0.025 c. Aperture at the source: NAsource=0.3053 d. Structural length L=1400.0 mm e. Number of field raster elements, which find place in an x-row: 4 f. z1=330.0 mm With the following equations the optical design of the illumination system can be derived with the pregiven numbers:                                           NA            field                    =                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢                                                    D                FRE                            2                        L                                                            xe2x80x83                    ⁢                                    ⇒                              D                FRE                                      =                          2              ·              L              ·                              NA                field                                                                                                            D              PRE                                      x              FRE                                =                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          4.0                                                  xe2x80x83                    ⁢                                    ⇒                              x                FRE                                      =                                          D                PRE                            4.0                                                                                β            FRE                    =                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢                                                    x                field                                            x                field                                      =                                          z                4                                            z                3                                                                                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢                                    ⇒                              β                FRE                                      =                                          x                field                                            x                FRE                                                                                  xe2x80x83                                                  xe2x80x83                    ⁢                                    ⇒                              z                4                                      =                                          z                3                            ·                              β                FRE                                                                                  L          =                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢                                    z              3                        +                          z              4                                                                        xe2x80x83                    ⁢                                    ⇒                              z                3                                      =                          L                              1                +                                  β                  FRE                                                                                                              NA            xe2x80x2                    =                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢                                                    D                FRE                            2                                      z              3                                                                        xe2x80x83                    ⁢                                    ⇒                              NA                xe2x80x2                                      =                                                            D                  FRE                                2                                            z                3                                                                                              tan            ⁡                          (              θ              )                                =                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢                      -                                                            (                                      1                    -                    Ex                                    )                                ·                                  sin                  ⁡                                      (                                          θ                      xe2x80x2                                        )                                                                                                2                  ⁢                                      Ex                                                  -                                                      (                                          1                      -                      Ex                                        )                                    ·                                      cos                    ⁡                                          (                                              θ                        xe2x80x2                                            )                                                                                                                                            xe2x80x83                    ⁢                                    ⇒              Ex                        =                          f              ⁡                              (                                                      NA                    source                                    ,                                      NA                    xe2x80x2                                                  )                                                                                              Ex            col                    =                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢                                                    (                                                      sk                    -                    s1                                                        sk                    +                    s1                                                  )                            2                        =                                          (                                                                            z                      2                                        -                                          z                      1                                                                                                  z                      2                                        +                                          z                      1                                                                      )                            2                                                                        xe2x80x83                    ⁢                                    ⇒                              z                2                                      =                                          z                1                            ·                                                1                  +                                                            Ex                                        col                                                                    1                  -                                                            Ex                                        col                                                                                                                                Ex            col                    =                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢                      1            -                                          R                col                            a                                                                        xe2x80x83                    ⁢                                    ⇒                              R                col                                      =                                                                                z                    1                                    +                                      z                    2                                                  2                            ·                              (                                  1                  -                                      Ex                    col                                                  )                                                                                              2                          R              PRE                                =                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢                                    1                              z                3                                      +                          1                              z                4                                                                                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢                                    ⇒                              R                PRE                                      =                                          2                ·                                  z                  3                                ·                                  z                  4                                                                              z                  3                                +                                  z                  4                                                                                                                  D            FRE                    ⁢                      :                    ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          diameter          ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          of          ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          the          ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          plate          ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          with          ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          the          ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          field          ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          raster          ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          elements                                                          x            FRE                    ⁢                      :                    ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          length          ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          of          ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          one          ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          field          ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          raster          ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          element                                                          y            FRE                    ⁢                      :                    ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          width          ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          of          ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          one          ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          field          ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          raster          ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          element                                                          β            FRE                    ⁢                      :                    ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          magnification          ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          ratio          ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          of          ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          the          ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          field          ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          raster          ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          elements                                                          D            PRE                    ⁢                      :                    ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          diameter          ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          of          ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          the          ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          plate          ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          with          ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          the          ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          pupil          ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          raster          ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          elements                                                                        R              col                        ⁢                          :                        ⁢                          xe2x80x83                        ⁢            Radius            ⁢                          xe2x80x83                        ⁢            of            ⁢                          xe2x80x83                        ⁢            the            ⁢                          xe2x80x83                        ⁢            elliptical            ⁢                          xe2x80x83                        ⁢            collector                    ⁢                      xe2x80x83                                                                    Ex            col                    ⁢                      :                    ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          conical          ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          constant          ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          of          ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          the          ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          elliptical          ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          collector                                                          NA            xe2x80x2                    ⁢                      :                    ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          aperture          ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          after          ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          the          ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          collector          ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          mirror                     With the pregiven specifications the following system parameters can be calculated:                               D          FRE                =                  xe2x80x83                ⁢                              2            ·            L            ·                          NA              field                                =                                                    2                ·                1400                            ⁢                              mm                ·                0.025                                      =                          70.0              ⁢              mm                                                                        x          FRE                =                  xe2x80x83                ⁢                                            D              FRE                        4.0                    =                                                    70.0                ⁢                mm                            4.0                        =                          17.5              ⁢              mm                                                                        y          FRE                =                  xe2x80x83                ⁢                  1.0          ⁢          mm                                                  β          FRE                =                  xe2x80x83                ⁢                                            x              field                                      x              FRE                                =                                                    105.0                ⁢                                  xe2x80x83                                ⁢                mm                                            17.5                ⁢                mm                                      =            6.0                                                            z          3                =                  xe2x80x83                ⁢                              L                          1              +                              β                FRE                                              =                                                    1400.0                ⁢                mm                                            1                +                6.0                                      =                          200.0              ⁢              mm                                                                        z          4                =                  xe2x80x83                ⁢                                            z              3                        ·                          β              FRE                                =                                    200.0              ⁢                              mm                ·                6.0                                      =                          1200.0              ⁢              mm                                                                        NA          xe2x80x2                =                  xe2x80x83                ⁢                                                            D                DRE                            2                                      z              3                                =                                                                      70.0                  ⁢                  mm                                2                                            200.0                ⁢                mm                                      =            0.175                                                            Ex          col                =                  xe2x80x83                ⁢                              f            ⁡                          (                                                NA                  source                                ,                                  NA                  xe2x80x2                                            )                                =          0.078                                                  z          2                =                  xe2x80x83                ⁢                                            z              1                        ·                                          1                +                                                      Ex                    col                                                                              1                -                                                      Ex                    col                                                                                =                                    100.0              ⁢                              mm                ·                                                      1                    +                                          0.078                                                                            1                    -                                          0.078                                                                                            =                          585.757              ⁢              mm                                                                        R          col                =                  xe2x80x83                ⁢                                                                              z                  1                                +                                  z                  2                                            2                        ·                          (                              1                -                                  Ex                  col                                            )                                =                                                                      330.0                  ⁢                  mm                                +                                  585.757                  ⁢                  mm                                            2                        ·                                                            xe2x80x83                ⁢                              (                          1              -              0.078                        )                    =                      422.164            ⁢            mm                                                            R          PRE                =                  xe2x80x83                ⁢                                            2              ·                              z                3                            ·                              z                4                                                                    z                3                            +                              z                4                                              =                                                    2                ·                200                ·                1200                                            200                +                1200                                      =                          342.857              ⁢              mm                                           The total system with the previously indicated dimensions is shown in FIG. 23 up to the reticle plane 208 in the yz section. The central and the two marginal rays are drawn in. Secondary light sources are produced at the plate with the pupil raster elements 206 by the field raster elements 204. The pupil plane of the illumination system is arranged at the plate with the pupil raster elements 206. The total system is shown in FIG. 24 with an x-z fan of rays, which impinge on the central field raster element. FIGS. 25 and 26 show the illumination of the reticle with the rectangular field (xe2x88x9252.5 mm less than xfield less than +52.5 mm; xe2x88x923.0 mm less than xfield less than +3.0 mm). FIG. 25 shows a contour lot, FIG. 26 a-3D presentation. The images of the field raster elements are optimally superimposed in the reticle plane also in the case of the extended secondary light sources, which are produced by the pinch-plasma source, since a pupil raster element plate is used. In comparison to this, the illumination of the reticle without pupil raster element plate is shown in contour lines and 3D representation in FIGS. 27 and 28. The images of the field raster elements are not sharply imaged due to the extended secondary light sources. FIG. 29 shows an intensity profile parallel to the y-axis for x=0.0 with and without pupil raster element plate. Whereas an almost ideal rectangular profile is formed with pupil facets, the profile decomposes without the pupil facets. FIG. 30 shows the scanning energy distribution. The scan energy is defined as the line integral in scanning direction over the intensity distribution in the reticle plane. The homogeneous scanning energy distribution can be clearly recognized. In FIG. 31, the illumination of the exit pupil is shown for a object point in the center of the illuminated field. The x- and y-axis represent not the extent in xe2x80x9cmmxe2x80x9d, but in the sine of the ray angles in the reticle plane. Corresponding to the arrangement of the pupil raster elements, tertiary light sources 3101 are produced in the exit pupil of the illumination system. The maximum aperture amounts to NAfield=0.025. In FIG. 31, 18 tertiary light sources are shown with sin(ix)=0. The total energy of the 18 tertiary light sources with sin(ix)=0 is plotted in FIG. 32. The tertiary light source 3101 has the number 1 in FIG. 32, the tertiary light source 3105 the number 18. The intensity distribution in the exit pupil has a y-tilt due to the distortion errors introduced by the mirrors tilted about the x-axis. The total energy of the individual tertiary light sources can be adjusted via the reflectivity of the individual raster elements, so that the energy of the tertiary light sources can at least be controlled in a rotational symmetric manner. Another possibility to get a rotational symmetric intensity distribution in the exit pupil of the illumination system is a collector mirror with a spatial dependent reflectivity. The forms of embodiment of the invention, which use different light sources, for example, are described below. In FIGS. 33-39, another form of embodiment of the invention is explained with a laser-plasma source as the primary light source. If the field raster elements are not tilted, then the aperture in the reticle plane. (NAtheoretical=0.025) is given in advance by the ellipsoid or collector mirror. Since the distance from the light source to the ellipsoid or collector mirror should amount to at least 100 mm in order to avoid contaminations, a rigid relationship between structural length and collection efficiency results, as presented in the following table: As can be seen from this, the collection efficiency for a structural length of 3000 mm is maximum 35%. In order to achieve high collection efficiencies for justifiable structural lengths, in the particularly advantageous form of embodiment of the invention according to FIGS. 35-39, the illumination system comprises a telescope system. In the represented form of embodiment, a laser-plasma source is used as the primary light source, whereby the field raster element plate is arranged in the convergent beam path of a collector mirror. In order to reduce the structural length of the illumination system, the illumination system is formed as a telescope system (tele-system). One form of embodiment for forming such a telescope system consists of arranging the field raster elements of the field raster element plate on a collecting surface, and of arranging the pupil raster elements of the pupil raster element plate on a diverging surface. In this way, the surface normal lines of the raster element centers are adapted to the surface normal lines of the supporting surface As an alternative to this, one can superimpose prismatic components for the raster elements on a planar plate. This would correspond to a Fresnel lens as a carrier surface. The above-described tele-raster element condenser thus represents a superimposition of the classical telescope system and the raster element condenser. The compression of the diameter of the field raster element plate to the diameter of the pupil raster element plates is possible until the secondary light sources overlap. In FIGS. 33 to 36, different arrangements are shown schematically, form which the drastic reduction in structural length, which can be achieved with a telescope system, becomes apparent. FIG. 33 shows an arrangement with collector mirror 300 and laser-plasma light source 302. With a arrangement of collector mirror, plate 304 with non-tilted field raster elements and plate 306 with non-tilted pupil raster elements, as shown in FIG. 34, the structural length can be shortened only by the zigzag light path. Since the etendue of a point-like source is approximately zero, the field raster element plate 304, is, in fact, fully illuminated, but the pupil raster element plate 306 is illuminated only with individual intensity peaks. However, now if the raster elements are introduced onto curved supporting surfaces, i.e., the system is configured as a telescope system with a collecting mirror and a diverging mirror, as shown in FIG. 35, then the structural length can be shortened. In the case of the design according to FIG. 36, the individual raster elements are arranged tilted on a planar carrier surface. The pupil raster elements of the pupil raster element plate have the task of imaging the field raster elements into the reticle in the case of expanded secondary light sources and to superimpose-these images. However, if a sufficiently good point-like light source is present, then the pupil raster element plate is not necessary. The field raster elements can then be introduced either onto the collecting or onto the diverging tele-mirror. If the field raster elements are arranged on the collecting tele-mirror, they can be designed as either concave or planar mirrors. The field raster elements on the diverging telescope mirror can be designed as convex, concave or planar mirrors. Collecting raster elements lead to a real pupil plane; diverging raster elements lead to a virtual pupil plane. Collector lens 300 and tele-raster element condenser or tele-system 310 produce the pregiven rectangular field illumination of 6 mmxc3x97105 mm with correct aperture NAfield=0.025 in the image plane of the illumination system. As in the previous examples, with the help of one or more field lenses 314 arranged between tele-raster element condenser 310 and reticle 316, the arc-shaped field is formed and the exit pupil of the illumination system is arranged at the entrance pupil of the projection objective. An interface plane for the design of the field lens 314 is the plane of the secondary light sources. These secondary light sources must be imaged by the field lens 314 in the entrance pupil of the projection objective forming tertiary light sources. The pupil plane of this imaging is in the reticle plane, in which the arc-shaped field must be produced. In FIG. 37, a form of embodiment of the invention with only one field mirror 314 is shown. In the form of embodiment with one field mirror, the arc-shaped field can be produced and the entrance pupil of the illumination system can be arranged at the exit pupil of the projection objective. Since reticle 316, however, is illuminated with chief ray angles about 2.97xc2x0, there is the danger that the light beam will run back into the illumination system. It is provided in a particularly advantageous form of embodiment to use as field mirrors two grazing-incidence mirrors as shown in FIG. 38. This way, the orientation of the arc-shaped field is inverted and the light beam leaves the illumination system xe2x80x9cbehindxe2x80x9d the field lens 314. With such a configuration the illumination system can be well separated from the projection objective. By using two field mirrors, one also has more degrees of freedom in order to adjust telecentricity and uniformity of the light distribution. The design of the illumination systems will now be described on the basis of examples of embodiment, whereby the numerical data not will represent a limitation of the system according to the invention. In the first example of embodiment the illumination system comprises a collector unit, a diverging mirror and a collecting mirror forming a telescope system as well as field lenses, whereby the raster elements are introduced only onto the collecting mirror. All raster elements are identical and lie on a curved supporting surface. The parameters used are represented in FIG. 39 and are selected as follows below: a. Arc-shaped field: Rfield=100 mm, segment=60xc2x0, field height xc2x13.0 mm. b. Position of the entrance pupil (Distance between reticle plane and entrance pupil of the projection objective): zEP=1927.4 mm. This corresponds to a principal ray angle of iPB=2.97xc2x0 for y=100 mm. c. Aperture at the reticle: NAfield=0.025. d. Aperture at the source: NAsource=0.999. e. Distance between the source and the collector mirror: d1=100.0 mm. f. Field raster element size: yFRE=1, xFRE=17.5 mm. g. d3=100 mm. h. Compression factor DFRE/DPRE=4:1. i. Tilt angle a of the grazing-incidence mirrors, xcex1=80xc2x0. j. Collector mirror is designed as an ellipsoid with Rcol and Excol. k. Curvatures of the supporting surfaces R2 and R3: spherical. l. Curvature RFRE of the field raster element: spherical. m. The Field mirrors are torical mirrors without concical contributions having the curvatures: R4x, R4y, R5x, R5y. FIG. 40 shows an arrangement of a illumination system with collector mirror 300, whereby the first tele-mirror of the telescope system 310 is not structured with field raster elements. The two tele-mirrors of the telescope system 310 show a compression factor of 4:1. The shortening of the structural length due to the telescope system 310 is obvious. With the telescope system, the structural length amounts to 852.3 mm, but without the telescope system, it would amount to 8000.0 mm. In FIG. 41, a fan of rays is shown in the x-z plane for the system according to FIG. 40. Since there are no field raster elements the light source 302 is imaged into the reticle plane. FIG. 42 in turn represents a fan of rays in the x-z plane, whereby the mirrors of the system according to FIG. 40 are now structured and have field raster elements. Secondary light sources are formed on the second mirror of the telescope system 310 due to the field raster elements on the first mirror of the telescope system 310. In the illuminated field, the light beams from the several field raster elements are correctly overlaid, and a strip with xe2x88x9252.5 mm less than xfield less than +52.5 mm is homogeneously illuminated. In FIG. 43, the total system up to the entrance pupil 318 of the projection objective is shown. The total system comprises: primary light source 302, collector mirror 300, tele-raster element condenser 310, field mirrors 314, reticle 316 and entrance pupil of the projection objective 318. The drawn-in marginal rays 320, 322 impinge on the reticle and are drawn up to the entrance pupil 318 of the projection objective. FIG. 44 shows an x-z fan of rays of a configuration according to FIG. 43, which passes through the central field raster element 323. This pencil is in fact physically not meaningful, since it would be vignetted by the second tele-mirror, but shows well the path of the light. One sees on field mirrors 314 how the orientation of the arc-shaped field is rotated through the second field mirror. The rays can run undisturbed into the projection objective (not shown) after reflection at reticle 316. FIG. 45 shows a fan of rays, which passes through the central field raster element 323 as in FIG. 44, runs along the optical axis and is focused in the center of the entrance pupil. FIG. 46 describes the illumination of the reticle field with the arc-shaped field produced by the configuration according to FIGS. 40 to 45 (Rfield=100 mm, segment=60xc2x0, field height xc2x13.0 mm). In FIG. 47, the scanning energy is shown for an arrangement according to FIGS. 40 to 46. The scanning energy varies between 95% and 100%. The uniformity thus amounts to xc2x12.5%. In FIG. 48, the pupil illumination for an object point in the center of the illuminated field is shown. The ray angles are referred to the centroid ray. Corresponding to the distribution of the field raster elements, circular intensity peaks IP result in the pupil illumination. The obscuration in the center M is caused by the second tele-mirror. The illumination system described in FIGS. 31 to 48 has the advantage that the collecting angle can be increased to above 90xc2x0, since the ellipsoid can also enclose the source. Further, the structural length can be adjusted by the tele-system. A reduction of structural length is limited due to the angular acceptance of the coating with multilayers and the imaging errors of the surfaces with a high optical power. For point-like light sources, for example, a laser-plasma sources with a diameter xe2x89xa650 xcexcm, an arrangement can be produced with only one plate with field raster elements. Pupil raster elements are in this case not necessary. Then the field raster elements can be introduced onto collecting mirror 350 of the tele-system or onto the diverging second tele-mirror 352. This is shown in FIGS. 48A-48C. The introduction onto the second tele-mirror 352 has several advantages: In the case of collecting field raster elements, a real pupil plane is formed in xe2x80x9cairxe2x80x9d, which is freely accessible, as shown in FIG. 48A. In the case of diverging field raster elements, in fact a virtual pupil plane is formed, which is not accessible, as shown in FIG. 48B. The negative focal length of the field raster elements, however, can be increased. In order to avoid an obscuration, as shown in FIG. 48C, the mirrors of the tele-system 350, 352, can be tilted toward one another, so that the light beam will be not vignetted by the components. A second example of embodiment for a illumination system will be described below, which comprises a plate with planar raster elements. The system is particularly characterized by the fact that the collector unit and the plate with the field raster elements form a telescope system. The converging effect of the telescope system is then completely transferred onto the collector mirror, wherein the diverging effect is caused by the tilt angles of the field raster elements. Such a system has a high system efficiency of 27% with two normal-incidence mirrors (reflectivity ≈65%) for the collector mirror and the plate with the field raster elements and two grazing-incidence mirrors (reflectivity ≈80%) for the two field mirrors. Further, a large collecting efficiency can be realized, whereby the collecting steradian amounts to 2xcfx80, but which can still be increased. Based on the zigzag beam path, there are no obscurations in the pupil illumination. In addition, in the described form of embodiment, the structural length can be easily adjusted. The collector or ellipsoid mirror collects the light radiated from the laser-plasma source and images the primary light source on a secondary light source. A multiple number of individual planar field raster elements are arranged in a tilted manner on a supporting plate. The field raster elements divide the collimated light beam into partial light beams and superimpose these in the reticle plane. The shape of the field raster elements corresponds to the rectangular field of the field to be illuminated. Further, the illumination system has two grazing-incidence toroid mirrors, which form the arc-shaped field, correctly illuminate the entrance pupil of the projection objective, and assure the uniformity of the light distribution in the reticle plane. In contrast to the first example of embodiment of a tele-system with collector unit as well as a telescope system formed with two additional mirrors, in the presently described form of embodiment, the laser-plasma source alone is imaged by the ellipsoid mirror in the secondary light source. This saves one normal-incidence mirror and permits the use of planar field raster elements. Such a savings presupposes that no pupil raster elements are necessary, i.e., the light source is essentially point-like. The design will be described in more detail on the basis of FIGS. 49-51. FIG. 49 shows the imaging of the laser-plasma source 400 through ellipsoid mirror 402. One secondary light source 410 is formed. In the imaging of FIG. 50, a tilted planar mirror 404 deflects the light beam to the reticle plane 406. In the imaging of FIG. 51, tilted field raster elements 408 are dividing the light beam and superimpose the partial light bundles in the reticle plane 406. In this way, a multiple number of secondary light sources 410 are produced, which are distributed uniformly over the pupil plane. The tilt angles of the individual field raster elements 408 correspond, at the center points of the field raster elements, approximately to the curvatures of a hyperboloid, which would image the laser-plasma source 400 in the reticle plane 406, together with the ellipsoid mirror 402. The diverging effect of the telescope system is thus introduced by the tilt angles of the field raster elements. In FIG. 52, the abbreviations are drawn in, as they are used in the following system derivation. For better presentation, the system was drawn linearly with refractive components. The following values are used as a basis for the example of embodiment described below, without the numerical data being seen as a limitation: a. Arc-shaped field radius: Rfield=100 mm, segment angle 60xc2x0, field width xc2x13.0 mm, which corresponds to a rectangular field of 105 mmxc3x976 mm. b. Aperture at the reticle: NAfield=0.025. c. Aperture at the source: NAsource=0.999. d. z1=100.0 mm e. Structural length L=z3+z4=1400 mm. f. Number of field raster elements within an x-row=4. With the following equations the basic configuration of the illumination system can be derived:                                           NA            field                    =                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢                                                    D                FRE                            2                        L                                                            xe2x80x83                    ⁢                                    ⇒                              D                FRE                                      =                          2              ·              L              ·                              NA                field                                                                                                            D              PRE                                      x              FRE                                =                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          4.0                                                  xe2x80x83                    ⁢                                    ⇒                              x                FRE                                      =                                          D                PRE                            4.0                                                                                β            FRE                    =                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢                                                    x                field                                            x                field                                      =                                          z                4                                            z                3                                                                                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢                                    ⇒                              β                FRE                                      =                                          x                field                                            x                FRE                                                                                  xe2x80x83                                                  xe2x80x83                    ⁢                                    ⇒                              z                4                                      =                                          z                3                            ·                              β                FRE                                                                                  L          =                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢                                    z              3                        +                          z              4                                                                        xe2x80x83                    ⁢                                    ⇒                              z                3                                      =                          L                              1                +                                  β                  FRE                                                                                                              NA            xe2x80x2                    =                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢                                                    D                FRE                            2                                      z              3                                                                        xe2x80x83                    ⁢                                    ⇒                              NA                xe2x80x2                                      =                                                            D                  FRE                                2                                            z                3                                                                                              tan            ⁡                          (              θ              )                                =                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢                      -                                                            (                                      1                    -                    Ex                                    )                                ·                                  sin                  ⁡                                      (                                          θ                      xe2x80x2                                        )                                                                                                2                  ⁢                                      Ex                                                  -                                                      (                                          1                      -                      Ex                                        )                                    ·                                      cos                    ⁡                                          (                                              θ                        xe2x80x2                                            )                                                                                                                                            xe2x80x83                    ⁢                                    ⇒              Ex                        =                          f              ⁡                              (                                                      NA                    source                                    ,                                      NA                    xe2x80x2                                                  )                                                                                              Ex            col                    =                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢                                                    (                                                      sk                    -                    s1                                                        sk                    +                    s1                                                  )                            2                        =                                          (                                                                            z                      2                                        -                                          z                      1                                                                                                  z                      2                                        +                                          z                      1                                                                      )                            2                                                                        xe2x80x83                    ⁢                                    ⇒                              z                2                                      =                                          z                1                            ·                                                1                  +                                                            Ex                                        col                                                                    1                  -                                                            Ex                                        col                                                                                                                                Ex            col                    =                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢                      1            -                                          R                col                            a                                                                        xe2x80x83                    ⁢                                    ⇒                              R                col                                      =                                                                                z                    1                                    +                                      z                    2                                                  2                            ·                              (                                  1                  -                                      Ex                    col                                                  )                                                                                                  D            FRE                    ⁢                      :                    ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          diameter          ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          of          ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          the          ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          plate          ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          with          ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          the          ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          field          ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          raster          ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          elements                                                          x            FRE                    ⁢                      :                    ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          length          ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          of          ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          one          ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          field          ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          raster          ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          element                                                          y            FRE                    ⁢                      :                    ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          width          ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          of          ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          one          ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          field          ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          raster          ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          element                                                          β            FRE                    ⁢                      :                    ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          magnification          ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          ratio          ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          of          ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          the          ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          imaging          ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          of          ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          field          ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          raster          ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          elements                                                          D            PRE                    ⁢                      :                    ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          diameter          ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          of          ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          the          ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          plate          ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          with          ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          the          ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          pupil          ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          raster          ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          elements                                                                        R              col                        ⁢                          :                        ⁢                          xe2x80x83                        ⁢            curvature            ⁢                          xe2x80x83                        ⁢            of            ⁢                          xe2x80x83                        ⁢            the            ⁢                          xe2x80x83                        ⁢            elliptical            ⁢                          xe2x80x83                        ⁢            collector                    ⁢                      xe2x80x83                                                                    Ex            col                    ⁢                      :                    ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          conical          ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          constant          ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          of          ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          the          ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          elliptical          ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          collector                                                          NA            xe2x80x2                    ⁢                      :                    ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          aperture          ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          after          ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          the          ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          collector          ⁢                      xe2x80x83                    ⁢          mirror                     With the pregiven specifications the following system parameters can be calculated:                               D          FRE                =                  xe2x80x83                ⁢                              2            ·            L            ·                          NA              field                                =                                                    2                ·                1400                            ⁢                              mm                ·                0.025                                      =                          70.0              ⁢              mm                                                                        x          FRE                =                  xe2x80x83                ⁢                                            D              FRE                        4.0                    =                                                    70.0                ⁢                mm                            4.0                        =                          17.5              ⁢              mm                                                                        y          FRE                =                  xe2x80x83                ⁢                  1.0          ⁢          mm                                                  β          FRE                =                  xe2x80x83                ⁢                                            x              field                                      x              FRE                                =                                                    105.0                ⁢                                  xe2x80x83                                ⁢                mm                                            17.5                ⁢                mm                                      =            6.0                                                            z          3                =                  xe2x80x83                ⁢                              L                          1              +                              β                FRE                                              =                                                    1400.0                ⁢                mm                                            1                +                6.0                                      =                          200.0              ⁢              mm                                                                        z          4                =                  xe2x80x83                ⁢                                            z              3                        ·                          β              FRE                                =                                    200.0              ⁢                              mm                ·                6.0                                      =                          1200.0              ⁢              mm                                                                        NA          xe2x80x2                =                  xe2x80x83                ⁢                                                            D                DRE                            2                                      z              3                                =                                                                      70.0                  ⁢                  mm                                2                                            200.0                ⁢                mm                                      =            0.175                                                            Ex          col                =                  xe2x80x83                ⁢                              f            ⁡                          (                                                NA                  source                                ,                                  NA                  xe2x80x2                                            )                                =          0.695                                                  z          2                =                  xe2x80x83                ⁢                                            z              1                        ·                                          1                +                                                      Ex                    col                                                                              1                -                                                      Ex                    col                                                                                =                                    100.0              ⁢                              mm                ·                                                      1                    +                                          0.695                                                                            1                    -                                          0.695                                                                                            =                          1101.678              ⁢                              xe2x80x83                            ⁢              mm                                                                        R          col                =                  xe2x80x83                ⁢                                                                              z                  1                                +                                  z                  2                                            2                        ·                          (                              1                -                                  Ex                  col                                            )                                =                                                                      100.0                  ⁢                                      xe2x80x83                                    ⁢                  mm                                +                                  1101.678                  ⁢                                      xe2x80x83                                    ⁢                  mm                                            2                        ·                                                            xe2x80x83                ⁢                              (                          1              -              0.695                        )                    =                      183.357            ⁢                          xe2x80x83                        ⁢            mm                               The field mirrors are constructed similar to the case of the first example of embodiment of a illumination system, i.e., two toroid mirrors are again used as field mirrors. In FIGS. 53-58, the propagation of the light rays is shown in a illumination system according to the previously given parameters as an example. In FIG. 53, the ray propagation is shown for an ellipsoid mirror 402, which is designed for a source aperture NA=0.999 and which images the primary light source 400 on a secondary light source 410. In the form of embodiment according to FIG. 54, a planar mirror 404 is arranged at the position of the field raster element plate, which reflects the light beam. The rays are propagated up to the reticle plane 406. Finally, in FIG. 55, the construction according to the invention is shown, in which mirror 404 is replaced by the field raster element plate 412. A fan of rays is depicted, wherein each ray goes through the center of the individual field raster elements. These rays intersect on the optical axis in the reticle plane 406. In this configuration the primary light source 400 is arranged in the object plane of the collector mirror 402, wherein the secondary light source 410 is arranged in the image plane of the collector mirror 402. If the collector unit consists only of one collector mirror 402 the image-side principal plane of the collector unit is located at the vertex of the collector mirror 402. The optical distance between the vertex of the collector mirror 402 and the secondary light source 410 is in this configuration equal to the sum of the optical distance between the vertex of the collector mirror 402 and the plate 412 with the field raster elements and the optical distance between the plate 412 with the field raster elements and the secondary light source 410. If the refraction index is equal to 1.0, the optical distance is equal to the geometrical distance. FIG. 56 finally shows the total illumination system up to entrance pupil 414 of the projection objective with two field mirrors 416. The marginal rays 418, 420 strike on reticle 406 and are further propagated up to the entrance pupil 414 of the projection objective. In FIG. 57, an x-z fan of rays is depicted for the system of FIG. 56, and this fan strikes the central field raster element 422. The rays illuminate the arc-shaped field on reticle 406 with the correct orientation. In FIG. 58, in addition, the entrance pupil 424 of the projection objective is represented. The depicted rays are propagated along the optical axis and are focused in the center of the entrance pupil. The primary light source 400 is imaged into the secondary light source 410 by the collector mirror 402, wherein the field mirrors 416 image the secondary light source 410 into a tertiary light source in the center of the entrance pupil 424 of the projection objective. In FIG. 59, the illumination of the reticle is shown with an arc-shaped field (Rfield=100 mm, segment=60xc2x0, field height xc2x13.0 mm), which is based on an illumination arrangement according to FIGS. 52-58. The integral scanning energy is shown in FIG. 60. The integral scan energy varies between 100% and 105%. The uniformity or homogeneity thus amounts to xc2x12.5%. FIG. 61 represents the pupil illumination of the above-described system for an object point in the center of the illuminated field. The sines of the ray angles are referred to the direction of the centroid ray. Corresponding to the field raster element distribution, a distribution of tertiary light sources 6101 is produced in the pupil illumination. The tertiary light sources 6101 are uniformly distributed. There are no center obscurations, since in the case of the described second form of embodiment, the mirrors are arranged in zigzag configuration. In FIG. 62, a profile of the intensity distribution at x=1 mm is shown in the scan direction with the use of two different laser-plasma sources. Whereas without the pupil raster elements for the 50-xcexcm source, the desired rectangular profile is obtained, the 200-xcexcm source shows at the edges a clear blurring. This source can no longer be considered point-like. The use of pupil raster elements, such as, for example, in the case of the pinch-plasma source, is necessary for the correct imaging of the field raster elements into the reticle plane. In FIGS. 63A+63B two possibilities are shown for the formation of the field raster element plate. In FIG. 63A, the raster elements 500 are arranged on a curved supporting surface 502. Thus the inclination of the raster elements corresponds to the slope of the supporting surface. Such plates are described, for example, in the case of the first form of embodiment with a collector mirror and a telescope system comprising two mirrors. If the field raster elements 500 are shaped in planar manner, such as, for example, in the case of the second form of embodiment that is described, in which collector unit and field raster element plate are combined into a telescope system, then the individual field raster elements are arranged under a pregiven tilt angle on the raster element plate 504. Depending on the distribution of the tilt angles on the plate, one obtains either collecting or diverging effects. A plate with a diverging effect is illustrated. Of course, raster element plates with planar field raster elements can be used also in systems according to the first example of embodiment with a collector unit and two tele-mirrors. In the case of such a system, the raster elements are then tilted onto one of the mirrors such that a diverging effect is produced and onto the other in such a way that a collecting effect is produced. FIG. 64 shows a form of embodiment of the invention, which is designed as a refractive system with lenses for wavelengths, for example, of 193 nm or 157 nm. The system comprises a light source 600, a collector lens 602, as well as a field raster element plate 604 and a pupil raster element plate 606. Prisms 608 arranged in front of the field raster elements serve for adjusting the light path between the field raster element plate 604 and the pupil raster element plate 606. FIG. 65 shows another embodiment for a purely refractive system in a schematically view. The beam cone of the light source 6501 is collected by the aspherical collector lens 6503 and is directed to the plate with the field raster elements 6509. The collector lens 6503 is designed to generate an image 6505 of the light source 6501 at the plate with the pupil raster elements 6515 as shown with the dashed lines if the plate with the field raster elements 6509 is not in the beam path. Therefore without the plate with the field raster elements 6509 one secondary light source 6505 would be produced at the plate with the pupil raster elements. This imaginary secondary light source 6505 is divided into a plurality of secondary light sources 6507 by the field raster elements 6509 formed as field prisms 6511. The arrangement of the secondary light sources 6507 at the plate with the pupil raster elements 6515 is produced by the deflection angles of the field prisms 6511. These field prisms 6511 have rectangular surfaces and generate rectangular light bundles. However, they can have any other shape. The pupil raster elements 6515 are arranged nearby each of the secondary light sources 6507 to image the corresponding field raster elements 6509 into the reticle plane 6529 and to superimpose the rectangular images of the field raster elements 6509 in the field 6531 to be illuminated. The pupil raster elements 6515 are designed as combinations of a pupil prism 6517 and a pupil lenslet 6519 with positive optical power. The pupil prisms 6517 deflect the incoming ray bundles to superimpose the images of the field raster elements 6509 in the reticle plane 6529. The pupil lenslets 6519 are designed together with the field lens 6521 to image the field raster elements 6509 into the reticle plane 6529. Therefore with the prismatic deflection of the ray bundles at the field raster elements 6509 and pupil raster elements 6515 an arbitrary assignment between field raster elements 6509 and pupil raster elements 6515 is possible. The pupil prisms 6517 and the pupil lenslets 6519 can also be made integrally to form a pupil raster element 6515 with positive and prismatic optical power. The field lens 6521 images the secondary light sources 6507 into the exit pupil 6533 of the illumination system forming tertiary light sources 6535 there. FIG. 66 shows another embodiment for a purely refractive system in a schematically view. Corresponding elements have the same reference numbers as those in FIG. 65 increased by 100. Therefore, the description to these elements is found in the description to FIG. 65. The aspherical collector lens 6603 is designed to focus the light rays of the light source 6601 in a plane 6605 which is arranged behind the plate with the pupil raster elements 6615 as indicated by the dashed lines. Therefore the field raster elements 6609 have a positive optical power to produce the secondary light sources 6607 at the plate with the pupil raster elements 6615. The field raster elements 6609 are designed as combinations of a field prism 6611 and a field lenslet 6613. The field prisms 6611 deflect the incoming ray bundles to the corresponding secondary light sources 6607. The field lenslets 6613 are designed to generate the secondary light sources 6607 at the corresponding pupil raster elements 6615. The field prisms 6611 and the field lenslets 6613 can also be made integrally to form field raster elements 6609 with positive and prismatic optical power. FIG. 67 shows another embodiment for a purely refractive system in a schematically view. Corresponding elements have the same reference numbers as those in FIG. 66 increased by 100. Therefore, the description to these elements is found in the description to FIG. 66. The aspheric collector lens 6703 is designed to focus the light rays of the light source 6701 in a plane 6705 which is arranged between the plate with the field raster elements 6709 and the plate with the pupil raster elements 6715 as indicated by the dashed lines. Therefore the field raster elements 6709 have negative optical power to produce the secondary light sources 6707 at the plate with the pupil raster elements 6715. The field raster elements 6709 are designed as combinations of a field prism 6711 and a field lenslet 6713. The field prisms 6711 deflect the incoming ray bundles to the corresponding. secondary light sources 6707. The field lenslets 6713 are designed to generate the secondary light sources 6707 at the corresponding pupil raster elements 6715. The field prisms 6711 and the field lenslets 6713 can also be made integrally to form field raster elements 6709 with negative and prismatic optical power. FIG. 68 shows another embodiment for a purely refractive system in a schematically view. Corresponding elements have the same reference numbers as those in FIG. 67 increased by 100. Therefore, the description to these elements is found in the description to FIG. 67. The aspheric collector lens 6803 is designed to generate a parallel light bundle. Wherein in FIGS. 65 to 67 the plate with the field raster elements is arranged in a convergent beam path, the plate with the field raster elements 6809 in FIG. 68 is arranged in a parallel beam path. The field raster elements 6809 are designed as combinations of a field prism 6811 and a field lenslet 6813. The field prisms 6811 deflect the incoming ray bundles to the corresponding secondary light sources 6807. The field lenslets 6813 are designed to generate the secondary light sources 6807 at the corresponding pupil raster elements 6815. They have positive optical power and a focal length which corresponds to the distance between the field raster elements 6809 and the pupil raster elements 6815. Since the light source 6801 is a point-like source, also the secondary light sources 6807 are point-like. Therefore, the pupil raster elements 6815 are designed as prisms 6817. FIG. 69 shows another embodiment for a purely refractive system in a schematically view. Corresponding elements have the same reference numbers as those in FIG. 66 increased by 300. Therefore, the description to these elements is found in the description to FIG. 66. The aspheric collector lens 6903 is designed to focus the light rays of the light source 6601 in a plane 6905 which is arranged in front of the plate with the field raster elements 6909 as indicated by with the dashed lines. Nearby this image of the light source a transmissions filter 6937 is arranged. This filter can also be used to select the used wavelength range. In the plane 6905 also a shutter can be arranged. The field raster elements 6909 have a positive optical power to produce the secondary light sources 6907 at the plate with the pupil raster elements 6915. FIG. 70 shows an embodiment for a purely reflective system in a schematically view. Corresponding elements have the same reference numbers as those in FIG. 69 increased by 100. Therefore, the description to these elements is found in the description to FIG. 69. The beam cone of the light source 7001 is collected by the ellipsoidal collector mirror 7003 and is directed to the plate with the field raster elements 7009. The collector mirror 7003 is designed to generate an image 7005 of the light source 7001 between the plate with the field raster elements 7009 and the plate with the pupil raster elements 7015 if the plate with the field raster elements 7009 would be a planar mirror as indicated by the dashed lines. The convex field raster elements 7009 are designed to generate point-like secondary light sources 7007 at the pupil raster elements 7015, since the light source 7001 is also point-like. Therefore the pupil raster elements 7015 are designs as planar mirrors. Since the intensity at the point-like secondary light sources 7007 is very high, the planar pupil raster elements 7015 can alternatively be arranged defocused from the secondary light sources 7007. The distance between the secondary light sources 7007 and the pupil raster elements 7015 should not exceed 20% of the distance between the field raster elements and the pupil raster elements. The pupil raster elements 7015 are tilted to superimpose the images of the field raster elements 7009 together with the field lens 7021 formed as the field mirrors 7023 and 7027 in the field 7031 to be illuminated. Both, the field raster elements 7009 and the pupil raster elements 7015 are tilted. Therefore the assignment between the field raster elements 7009 and pupil raster elements 7015 is defined by the user. In the embodiment of FIG. 70 the field raster elements 7009 at the center of the plate with the field raster elements 7009 correspond to the pupil raster elements 7015 at the border of the plate with the pupil raster elements 7015 and vice versa. The tilt angles and the tilt axes of the field raster elements are determined by the directions of the incoming ray bundles and by the positions of the corresponding pupil raster elements 7015. Since for each field raster element 7009 the tilt angle and the tilt axis is different, also the planes of incidence defined by the incoming and reflected centroid rays are not parallel. The tilt angles and the tilt axes of the pupil raster elements 7015 are determined by the positions of the corresponding field raster elements 7009 and the requirement that the images of the field raster elements 7009 has to be superimposed in the field 7031 to be illuminated. The concave field mirror 7023 images the secondary light sources 7007 into the exit pupil 7033 of the illumination system forming tertiary light sources 7035, wherein the convex field mirror 7027 being arranged at grazing incidence transforms the rectangular images of the rectangular field raster elements 7009 into arc-shaped images. FIG. 71 shows another embodiment for a purely reflective system in a schematically view. Corresponding elements have the same reference numbers as those in FIG. 70 increased by 100. Therefore, the description to these elements is found in the description to FIG. 70. In this embodiment the light source 7101 and therefore also the secondary light sources 7107 are extended. The pupil raster elements 7115 are designed as concave mirrors to image the field raster elements 7109 into the image plane 7129. It is also possible to arrange the pupil raster elements 7115 not at the secondary light sources 7107, but defocused. The influence of the defocus on the imaging of the field raster elements 7109 has to be consider in the optical power of the pupil raster elements. FIG. 72 shows in a schematic view the imaging of one field raster element 7209 into the reticle plane 7229 forming an image 7231 and the imaging of the corresponding secondary light source 7207 into the exit pupil 7233 of the illumination system forming a tertiary light source 7235. Corresponding elements have the same reference numbers as those in FIG. 70 increased by 200. Therefore, the description to these elements is found in the description to FIG. 70. The field raster elements 7209 are rectangular and have a length XFRE and a width YFRE. All field raster elements 7209 are arranged on a nearly circular plate with a diameter DFRE. They are imaged into the image plane 7229 and superimposed on a field 7231 with a length Xfield and a width Yfield, wherein the maximum aperture in the image plane 7229 is denoted by NAfield. The field size corresponds to the size of the object field of the projection objective, for which the illumination system is adapted to. The plate with the pupil raster elements 7215 is arranged in a distance of Z3 from the plate with the field raster elements 7209. The shape of the pupil raster elements 7215 depends on the shape of the secondary light sources 7207. For circular secondary light sources 7207 the pupil raster elements 7215 are circular or hexagonal for a dense packaging of the pupil raster elements 7215. The diameter of the plate with the pupil raster elements 7215 is denoted by DPRE. The pupil raster elements 7215 are imaged by the field lens 7221 into the exit pupil 7233 having a diameter of DEP. The distance between the image plane 7229 of the illumination system and the exit pupil 7233 is denoted with ZEP. Since the exit pupil 7233 of the illumination system corresponds to the entrance pupil of the projection objective, the distance ZEP and the diameter DEP are predetermined values. The entrance pupil of the projection objective is typically illuminated up to a user-defined filling ratio "sgr". The data for a preliminary design of the illumination system can be calculated with the equations and data given below. The values for the parameters are typical for a EUV projection exposure apparatus. But there is no limitation to these values. Wherein the schematic design is shown for a refractive linear system it can be easily adapted for reflective systems by exchanging the lenses-with mirrors. The field 7231 to be illuminated is defined by a segment of an annulus. The Radius of the annulus is Rfield=138 mm. The length and the width of the segment are Xfield=88 mm, Yfield=8 mm Without the field-forming field mirror which transforms the rectangular images of the field raster elements into arc-shaped images the field to be illuminated is rectangular with the length and width defined by the segment of the annulus. The distance from the image plane to the exit pupil is ZEP=1320 mm. The object field of the projection objective is an off-axis field. The distance between the center of the field and the optical axis of the projection objective is given by the radius Rfield. Therefore the incidence angle of the centroid ray in the center of the field is 6xc2x0. The aperture at the image plane of the projection objective is NAwafer=0.25. For a reduction projection objective with a magnification ratio of xcex2proj=xe2x88x920.25 and a filling ratio of "sgr"=0.8 the aperture at the image plane of the illumination system is       NA    field    =            σ      ·                        NA          wafer                4              =    0.05  xe2x80x83DEP=2tan[arc sin(NAfield)]xc2x7ZEP≈2NAEPxc2x7ZEP≈132 mm The distance Z3 between the field raster elements and the pupil raster elements is related to the distance ZEP between the image plane and the exit pupil by the depth magnification xcex1: ZEP=xcex1xc2x7Z3 The size of the field raster elements is related to the field size by the lateral magnification xcex2field: Xfield=xcex2fieldxc2x7XFRE Yfield=xcex2fieldxc2x7YFRE The diameter DPRE of the plate with the pupil raster elements and the diameter DEP of the exit pupil are related by the lateral magnification xcex2pupil: DEP=xcex2pupilxc2x7DPRE The depth magnification xcex1 is defined by the product of the lateral magnifications xcex2field and xcex2pupil: xcex1=xcex2fieldxc2x7xcex2pupil: The number of raster elements being superimposed at the field is set to 200. With this high number of superimposed images the required field illumination uniformity can be achieved. Another requirement is to minimize the incidence angles on the components. For a reflective system the beam path is bent at the plate with the field raster elements and at the plate with the pupil raster elements. The bending angles and therefore the incidence angles are minimum for equal diameters of the two plates: DPRE=DFRE      200    ·          X      PRE        ·          Y      PRE        =            200      ·                                    X            field                    ·                      Y            field                                    β          field          2                      =                            D          EP          2                          β          pupil          2                    =                                    β            field            2                                α            2                          ⁢                  xe2x80x83                ⁢                  D          EP          2                     The distance Z3 is set to Z3=900 mm. This distance is a compromise between low incidence angles and a reduced overall length of the illumination system.   α  =                    Z        EP                    Z        3              =    1.47   Therefore                               "LeftBracketingBar"                      β            field                    "RightBracketingBar"                ≈                  xe2x80x83                ⁢                                                            200                ·                                  X                  field                                ·                                  Y                  field                                                            D                EP                2                                      ⁢                          xe2x80x83                        ⁢                          α              2                                4                ≈        2.05                                          "LeftBracketingBar"                      β            pupil                    "RightBracketingBar"                ≈                  xe2x80x83                ⁢                  α                      β            field                          ≈        0.7                                          D          FRE                =                  xe2x80x83                ⁢                              D            PRE                    =                                                                      β                  field                                α                            ⁢                              xe2x80x83                            ⁢                              D                EP                                      ≈                          200              ⁢                              xe2x80x83                            ⁢              mm                                                                        X          FRE                =                  xe2x80x83                ⁢                                            X              field                                      β              field                                ≈                      43            ⁢                          xe2x80x83                        ⁢            mm                                                            Y          FRE                =                  xe2x80x83                ⁢                                            Y              field                                      β              field                                ≈                      4            ⁢                          xe2x80x83                        ⁢            mm                               With these values the principal layout of the illumination system is known. In a next step the field raster elements 7309 have to be distributed on the plate as shown in FIG. 73. The two-dimensional arrangement of the field raster elements 7309 is optimized for efficiency. Therefore the distance between the field raster elements 7309 is as small as possible. Field raster elements 7309, which are only partially illuminated, will lead to uniformity errors of the intensity distribution in the image plane, especially in the case of a restricted number of field raster elements 7309. Therefore only these field raster elements 7309 are imaged into the image plane which are illuminated almost completely. FIG. 73 shows a possible arrangement of 216 field raster elements 7309. The solid line 7339 represents the border of the circular illumination of the plate with the field raster elements 7309. Therefore the filling efficiency is approximately 90%. The rectangular field raster elements 7309 have a length XFRE=46.0 mm and a width YFRE=2.8 mm. All field raster elements 7309 are inside the circle 7339 with a diameter of 200 mm. The field raster elements 7309 are arranged in 69 rows 7341 being arranged one among another. The field raster elements 7309 in the rows 7341 are attached at the smaller y-side of the field raster elements 7309. The rows 7341 consist of one, two, three or four field raster elements 7309. Some rows 7341 are displaced relative to the adjacent rows 7341 to distribute the field raster elements 7309 inside the circle 7339. The distribution is symmetrical to the y-axis. FIG. 74 shows the arrangement of the pupil raster elements 7415. They are arranged on a distorted grid to compensate for distortion errors of the field lens. If this distorted grid of pupil raster elements 7415 is imaged into the exit pupil of the illumination system by the field lens a undistorted regular grid of tertiary light sources will be generated. The pupil raster elements 7415 are arranged on curved lines 7443 to compensate the distortion introduced by the field-forming field mirror. The distance between adjacent pupil raster elements 7415 is increased in y-direction to compensate the distortion introduced by field mirrors being tilted about the x-axis. Therefore the pupil raster elements 7415 are not arranged inside a circle. The size of the pupil raster elements 7415 depends on the source size or source xc3xa9tendue. If the source xc3xa9tendue is much smaller than the required xc3xa9tendue in the image plane, the secondary light sources will not fill the plate with the pupil raster elements 7415 completely. In this case the pupil raster elements 7415 need only to cover the area of the secondary light sources plus some overlay to compensate for source movements and imaging aberrations of the collector-field raster element unit. In FIG. 74 circular pupil raster elements 7415 are shown. Each field raster element 7309 correspond to one of the pupil raster elements 7415 according to a assignment table and is tilted to deflect an incoming ray bundle to the corresponding pupil raster element 7415. A ray coming from the center of the light source and intersecting the field raster element 7309 at its center is deflected to intersect the center of the corresponding pupil raster element 7415. The tilt angle and tilt axis of the pupil raster element 7415 is designed to deflect this ray in such a way, that the ray intersects the field in its center. The field lens images the plate with the pupil raster elements into the exit pupil and generates the arc-shaped field with the desired radius Rfield. For Rfield=138 mm, the field forming gracing incidence field mirror has only low negative optical power. The optical power of the field-forming field mirror has to be negative to get the correct orientation of the arc-shaped field. Since the magnification ratio of the field lens has to be positive, another field mirror with positive optical power is required. Wherein for apertures NAfield lower than 0.025 the field mirror with positive optical power can be a grazing incidence mirror, for higher apertures the field mirror with positive optical power should be a normal incidence mirror. FIG. 75 shows a schematic view of a embodiment comprising a light source 7501, a collector mirror 7503, a plate with the field raster elements 7509, a plate with the pupil raster elements 7515, a field lens 7521, an image plane 7529 and an exit pupil 7533. The field lens 7521 has one normal-incidence mirror 7523 with positive optical power for pupil imaging and one grazing-incidence mirror 7527 with negative optical power for field shaping. Exemplary for the imaging of all secondary light sources, the imaging of one secondary light source 7507 into the exit pupil 7533 forming a tertiary light source 7535 is shown The optical axis 7545 of the illumination system is not a straight line but is defined by the connection lines between the single components being intersected by the optical axis 7545 at the centers of the components. Therefore, the illumination system is a. non-centered system having an optical axis 7545 being bent at each component to get a beam path free of vignetting. There is no common axis of symmetry for the optical components. Projection objectives for EUV exposure apparatus are typically centered systems with a straight optical axis and with an off-axis object field. The optical axis 7547 of the projection objective is shown as a dashed line. The distance between the center of the field 7531 and the optical axis 7547 of the projection objective is equal to the field radius Rfield. The pupil imaging field mirror 7523 and the field-forming field mirror 7527 are designed as on-axis toroidal mirrors, which means that the optical axis 7545 paths through the vertices of the on-axis toroidal mirrors 7523 and 7527. In another embodiment as shown in FIG. 76, a telescope objective in the field lens 7621 comprising the field mirror 7623 with positive optical power, the field mirror 7625 with negative optical power and the field mirror 7627 is applied to reduce the track length. Corresponding elements have the same reference numbers as those in FIG. 75 increased by 100. Therefore, the description to these elements is found in the description to FIG. 75. The field mirror 7625 and the field mirror 7623 of the telescope objective in FIG. 74 are formed as an off-axis Cassegrainian configuration. The telescope objective has an object plane at the secondary light sources 7607 and an image plane at the exit pupil 7633 of the illumination system. The pupil plane of the telescope objective is arranged at the image plane 7629 of the illumination system. In this configuration, having five normal-incidence reflections at the mirrors 7603, 7609, 7615, 7625 and 7623 and one grazing-incidence reflection at the mirror 7627, all mirrors are arranged below the image plane 7629 of the illumination system. Therefore, there is enough space to install the reticle and the reticle support system. In FIG. 77 a detailed view of the embodiment of FIG. 76 is shown. Corresponding elements have the same reference numbers as those in FIG. 76 increased by 100. Therefore, the description to these elements is found in the description to FIG. 76. The components are shown in a y-z-sectional view, wherein for each component the local co-ordinate system with the y- and z-axis is shown. For the collector mirror 7703 and the field mirrors 7723, 7725 and 7727 the local co-ordinate systems are defined at the vertices of the mirrors. For the two plates with the raster elements the local co-ordinate systems are defined at the centers of the plates. In table 2 the arrangement of the local co-ordinate systems with respect to the local co-ordinate system of the light source 7701 is given. The tilt angles xcex1, xcex2 and xcex3 about the x-, y- and z-axis are defined in a right-handed system. The surface data are given in table 3. The radius R and the conical constant K define the surface shape of the mirrors according to the formula       z    =                            1          R                ⁢                  xe2x80x83                ⁢                  h          2                            1        +                              1            -                                          (                                  1                  +                  K                                )                            ⁢                                                (                                      1                    R                                    )                                2                            ⁢                              h                2                                                          , wherein h is the radial distance of a surface point from the z-axis. The light source 7701 in this embodiment is a Laser-Produced-Plasma source having a diameter of approximately 0.3 mm generating a beam cone with an opening angle of 83xc2x0. To decrease the contamination of the collector mirror 7703 by debris of the source 7701 the distance to the collector mirror 7703 is set to 125 mm. The collector mirror 7703 is an elliptical mirror, wherein the light source 7701 is arranged in the first focal point of the ellipsoid and wherein the plate with the pupil raster elements 7715 is arranged in the second focal point of the ellipsoid. Therefore the field raster elements 7709 can be designed as planar mirrors. The distance between the vertex of the collector mirror 7703 and the center of the plate with the field raster elements 7709 is 1100 mm. The field raster elements 7709 are rectangular with a length XFRE=46.0 mm and a width YFRE=2.8 mm. The arrangement of the field raster elements is shown in FIG. 73. The tilt angles and tilt axis are different for each field raster element 7709, wherein the field raster elements are tilted to direct the incoming ray bundles to the corresponding pupil raster elements 7715. The tilt angles are in the range of xe2x88x924xc2x0 to 4xc2x0. The mean incidence angle of the rays on the field raster elements is 10.5xc2x0. Therefore the field raster elements 7709 are used at normal incidence. The plate with the pupil raster elements 7715 is arranged in a distance of 900 mm from the plate with the field raster elements 7709. The pupil raster elements 7715 are concave mirrors. The arrangement of the pupil raster elements 7715 is shown in FIG. 72. The tilt angles and tilt axis are different for each pupil raster element 7715, wherein the pupil raster elements 7715 are tilted to superimpose the images of the field raster elements 7709 in the image plane 7731. The tilt angles are in the range of xe2x88x924xc2x0 to 4xc2x0. The mean incidence angle of the rays on the pupil raster elements 7715 is 7.5xc2x0. Therefore the pupil raster elements 7715 are used at normal incidence. The field mirror 7725 is a convex mirror. The used area of this mirror defined by the incoming rays is an off-axis segment of a rotational symmetric conic surface. The mirror surface is drawn in FIG. 77 from the vertex up to the used area as dashed line. The distance between the center of the plate with the pupil raster elements 7715 and the center of the used area on the field mirror 7725 is 1400 mm. The mean incidence angle of the rays on the field mirror 7725 is 12xc2x0. Therefore the field mirror 7725 is used at normal incidence. The field mirror 7723 is a concave mirror. The used area of this mirror defined by the incoming rays is an off-axis segment of a rotational symmetric conical surface. The mirror surface is drawn in FIG. 77 from the vertex up to the used area as dashed line. The distance between the center of the used area on the field mirror 7725 and the center of the used area on the field mirror 7723 is 600 mm. The mean incidence angle of the rays on the field mirror 7723 is 7.5xc2x0. Therefore the field mirror 7723 is used at normal incidence. The field mirror 7727 is a convex mirror. The used area of this mirror defined by the incoming rays is an off-axis segment of a rotational symmetric conic surface. The mirror surface is drawn in FIG. 77 from the vertex up to the used area as dashed line. The distance between the center of the used area on the field mirror 7723 and the center of the used area on the field mirror 7727 is 600 mm. The mean incidence angle of the rays on the field mirror 7727 is 78xc2x0. Therefore the field mirror 7727 is used at grazing incidence. The distance between the field mirror 7727 and the image plane 7731 is 300 mm. In another embodiment the field mirror and the field mirror are replaced with on-axis toroidal mirrors. The vertices of these mirrors are arranged in the centers of the used areas. The convex field mirror has a radius Ry=571.3 mm in the y-z-section and a radius Rx=546.6 mm in the x-z-section. This mirror is tilted about the local x-axis about 12xc2x0 to the local optical axis 7745 defined as the connection lines between the centers of the used areas of the mirrors. The concave field mirror has a radius Ry=xe2x88x92962. 14 mm in the y-z-section and a radius Rx=xe2x88x92945. 75 mm in the x-z-section. This mirror is tilted about the local x-axis about 7.5xc2x0 to the local optical axis 7745. FIG. 78 shows the illuminated arc-shaped area in the image plane 7731 of the illumination system presented in FIG. 77. The orientation of the y-axis is defined in FIG. 77. The solid line 7849 represents the 50%-value of the intensity distribution, the dashed line 7851 the 10%-value. The width of the illuminated area in y-direction is constant over the field. The intensity distribution is the result of a simulation done with the optical system given in table 2 and table 3. FIG. 79 shows the illumination of the exit pupil 7733 for an object point in the center (x=0 mm; y=0 mm) of the illuminated field in the image plane 7731. The arrangement of the tertiary light sources 7935 corresponds to the arrangement of the pupil raster elements 7715, which is presented in FIG. 74. Wherein the pupil raster elements in FIG. 74 are arranged on a distorted grid, the tertiary light sources 7935 are arranged on a undistorted regular grid. It is obvious in FIG. 79, that the distortion errors of the imaging of the secondary light sources due to the tilted field mirrors and the field-shaping field mirror are compensated. The shape of the tertiary light sources 7935 is not circular, since the light distribution in the exit pupil 7733 is the result of a simulation with a Laser-Plasma-Source which was not spherical but ellipsoidal. The source ellipsoid was oriented in the direction of the local optical axis. Therefore also the tertiary light sources are not circular, but elliptical. Due to the mixing of the light channels and the user-defined assignment between the field raster elements and the pupil raster elements, the orientation of the tertiary light sources 7935 is different for nearby each tertiary light source 7935. Therefore, the planes of incidence of at least two field raster elements have to intersect each other. The plane of incidence of a field raster element is defined by the centroid ray of the incoming bundle and its corresponding deflected ray. FIG. 80 shows another embodiment in a schematic view. Corresponding elements have the same reference numbers as those in FIG. 76 increased by 400. Therefore, the description to these elements is found in the description to FIG. 76. In this embodiment the beam path between the plate with the pupil raster elements 8015 and the field mirror 8025 is crossing the beam path from the collector mirror 8003 to the plate with the field raster elements 8009. With this arrangement it is possible to have light sources 8001 emitting a beam cone horizontally and to arrange the reticle horizontally in the image plane 8029 simultaneously. FIG. 81 shows a similar embodiment to the one of FIG. 80 in a detailed view. Corresponding elements have the same reference numbers as those in FIG. 80 increased by 100. Therefore, the description to these elements is found in the description to FIG. 80. The definition of the local co-ordinate systems is the same as in FIG. 77. The positions of the local co-ordinate systems are given in table 4. The surface data are given in table 5. The light source 8101 in this embodiment is also a Laser-Produced-Plasma source. The distance to the collector mirror 8103 is set to 100 mm. The collector mirror 8103 is a parabolic mirror generating a parallel ray bundle, wherein the light source 8101 is arranged in the focal point of the parabola. Therefore the field raster elements 8109 are concave mirrors to generate the secondary light sources at the corresponding pupil raster elements 8115. The focal length of the field raster elements 8109 is equal to the distance between the field raster elements 8109 and the corresponding pupil raster elements 8115. The distance between the vertex of the collector mirror 8103 and the center of the plate with the field raster elements 8109 is 1100 mm. The field raster elements 8109 are rectangular with a length XFRE=46.0 mm and a width YFRE=2.8 mm. The arrangement of the field raster elements 8109 is shown in FIG. 73. The mean incident angle of the rays intersecting the field raster elements 8109 is 10.5xc2x0, the range of the incidence angles is from 8xc2x0 up to 13xc2x0. Therefore the field raster elements 8109 are used at normal incidence. The plate with the pupil raster elements 8115 is arranged in the focal plane of the field raster elements 8109. The pupil raster elements 8115 are concave mirrors. The arrangement of the pupil raster elements 8115 is similar to the arrangement shown in FIG. 74. The mean incidence angle of the rays intersecting the pupil raster elements 8115 is 10.0xc2x0, the range of the incidence angles is from 7xc2x0 up to 13xc2x0. Therefore the pupil raster elements 8115 are used at normal incidence. Between the plate with the pupil raster elements 8115 and the field mirror 8125 the beam path is crossing the beam path between the collector mirror 8103 and the plate with the field raster elements 8109. The field mirror 8125 is a convex mirror. The distance between the center of the plate with the pupil raster elements 8115 and the center of the used area on the field mirror 8125 is 1550 mm. The mean incidence angle of the rays intersecting the field mirror 8125 is 13xc2x0, the range of the incidence angles is from 11xc2x0 up to 15xc2x0. Therefore the field mirror 8125 is used at normal incidence. The field mirror 8123 is a concave mirror. The distance between the center of the used area on the field mirror 8125 and the center of the used area on the field mirror 8123 is 600 mm. The mean incidence angle of the rays intersecting the field mirror 8123 is 7.5xc2x0, the range of the incidence angles is from 6xc2x0 up to 9xc2x0. Therefore the field mirror 8123 is used at normal incidence. The field mirror 8127 is a convex mirror. The distance between the center of the used area on the field mirror 8123 and the center of the used area on the field mirror 8127 is 600 mm. The mean incidence angle of the rays intersecting the field mirror 8127 is 78xc2x0, the range of the incidence angles is from 73xc2x0 up to 82xc2x0. Therefore the field mirror 8127 is used at grazing incidence. FIG. 82 shows another embodiment in a schematic view. Corresponding elements have the same reference numbers as those in FIG. 76 increased by 600. Therefore, the description to these elements is found in the description to FIG. 76. In this embodiment the field mirror 8225 and the field mirror 8223 are both concave mirrors forming an off-axis Gregorian telescope configuration. The field mirror 8225 images the secondary light sources 8207 in the plane between the field mirror 8225 and the field mirror 8223 forming tertiary light sources 8259. In FIG. 82 only the imaging of the central secondary light source 8207 is shown. At the plane with the tertiary light sources 8259 a masking unit 8261 is arranged to change the illumination mode of the exit pupil 8233. With stop blades it is possible to mask the tertiary light sources 8259 and therefore to change the illumination of the exit pupil 8233 of the illumination system. Possible stop blades has circular shapes or for example two or four circular openings. The field mirror 8223 and the field mirror 8227 image the tertiary light sources 8259 into the exit pupil 8233 of the illumination system forming quaternary light sources 8235. FIG. 83 shows another embodiment in a schematic view. Corresponding elements have the same reference numbers as those in FIG. 82 increased by 100. Therefore, the description to these elements is found in the description to FIG. 82. In this embodiment the collector mirror 8303 is designed to generate an intermediate image 8363 of the light source 8301 in front of the plate with the field raster elements 8309. Nearby this intermediate image 8363 a transmission plate 8365 is arranged. The distance between the intermediate image 8363 and the transmission plate 8365 is so large that the plate 8365 will not be destroyed by the high intensity near the intermediate focus. The distance is limited by the maximum diameter of the transmission plate 8365, which is in the order of 200 mm. The maximum diameter is determined by the possibility to manufacture a plate being transparent at EUV. The transmission plate 8365 can also be used as a spectral purity filter to select the used wavelength range. Instead of the absorptive transmission plate 8365 also a reflective grating filter can be used. The plate with the field raster elements 8309 is illuminated with a diverging ray bundle. Since the tilt angles of the field raster elements 8309 are adjusted according to a collecting surface the diverging beam path can be transformed to a nearly parallel one. Additionally, the field raster elements 8309 are tilted to deflect the incoming ray bundles to the corresponding pupil raster elements 8315. FIG. 84 shows an EUV projection exposure apparatus in a detailed view. The illumination system is the same as shown in detail in FIG. 77. Corresponding elements have the same reference numbers as those in FIG. 77 increased by 700. Therefore, the description to these elements is found in the description to FIG. 77. In the image plane 8429 of the illumination system the reticle 8467 is arranged. The reticle 8467 is positioned by a support system 8469. The projection objective 8471 having six mirrors images the reticle 8467 onto the wafer 8473, which is also positioned by a support system 8475. The mirrors of the projection objective 8471 are centered on a common straight optical axis 8447. The arc-shaped object field is arranged off-axis. The direction of the beam path between the reticle 8467 and the first mirror 8477 of the projection objective 8471 is convergent to the optical axis 8447 of the projection objective 8471. The angles of the chief rays 8445 with respect to the normal of the reticle 8467 are between 5xc2x0 and 7xc2x0. As shown in FIG. 84, the illumination system 8479 is well separated from the projection objective 8471. The illumination and the projection beam path interfere only nearby the reticle 8467. The beam path of the illumination system is folded with reflection angles lower than 25xc2x0 or higher than 75xc2x0 in such a way that the components of the illumination system are arranged between the plane 8481 with the reticle 8467 and the plane 8483 with the wafer 8473.