Patent Number: 053902289
Section: claims

1. A method of stabilizing a shape of a reflective surface of a reflection-type object, comprising the steps of: measuring a temperature distribution of the reflective surface irradiated with radiation energy; and  causing the temperature of a part of the reflective surface to be changed on the basis of the measurement to control the change of shape of the object, wherein  the temperature is changed by irradiating infrared rays onto the reflective surface and adjusting an intensity distribution Of the infrared rays.  determining a temperature distribution of the reflective surface in a thermally stable state; and  controlling the temperature distribution of the reflective surface being irradiated with radiation energy to be the same as the temperature distribution in the thermally stable state, wherein  the temperature distribution is controlled by irradiating infrared rays onto the reflective surface and adjusting an intensity distribution of the infrared rays.  a reflection-type optical element having a reflective surface;  irradiating means for irradiating said optical element with radiation energy;  measuring means for measuring the temperature distribution of the optical element; and  temperature control means for changing the temperature of a part of said optical element on the basis of the measurement by said measuring means, wherein  said temperature controlling means comprises an infrared heater which irradiates infrared rays onto the reflective surface and adjusting means for adjusting an intensity distribution of the infrared rays.  transfer means for exposing and transferring an exposure pattern to an object to be exposed by irradiating exposure energy onto a reflection-type mask having a front side with the exposure pattern formed thereon and a rear side;  measuring means for measuring the temperature distribution of the mask; and  temperature control means for changing the temperature of part of the mask on both the front and rear sides on the basis of the measurement by said measuring means.  transfer means for exposing and transferring an exposure pattern to an object to be exposed by irradiating exposure energy onto a reflection-type mask having an exposure pattern formed thereon;  measuring means for measuring the temperature distribution of the mask; and  temperature control means for changing the temperature of part of the mask on the basis of the measurement by said measuring means, wherein  said temperature control means comprises an infrared heater which irradiates infrared rays onto the mask and adjusting means for adjusting an intensity distribution of the infrared rays.  preparing a reflection type mask having a circuit pattern formed thereon;  measuring the temperature distribution of the mask;  changing the temperature of a part of the mask on the basis of the measurement to obtain a substantially uniform temperature distribution of the mask; and  exposing and transferring a circuit pattern of the mask onto a wafer by irradiating the mask with exposure energy, wherein  the temperature of part of the mask is changed by irradiating infrared rays onto the mask and adjusting an intensity distribution of the infrared rays.  preparing a reflection type mask having a circuit pattern formed thereon;  determining a temperature distribution of the mask in a thermally stable state when the mask is being irradiated before the mask is irradiated with exposure energy; and  exposing and transferring a circuit pattern of the mask onto a wafer by irradiating the mask with exposure energy, wherein  the temperature distribution is controlled by irradiating infrared rays onto the mask and adjusting an intensity distribution of the infrared rays.  preparing a reflection type mask having a circuit pattern formed thereon;  measuring the temperature distribution of the mask;  changing the temperature of a part of the mask on the basis of the measurement to obtain a substantially uniform temperature distribution of the mask; and  exposing and transferring a circuit pattern of the mask onto a wafer by irradiating the mask with exposure energy, wherein  the temperature of part of the mask is changed by irradiating infrared rays onto the mask and adjusting an intensity distribution of the infrared rays.  preparing a reflection type mask having a circuit pattern formed thereon;  determining a temperature distribution of the mask in a thermally stable state when the mask is being irradiated before the mask is irradiated with exposure energy; and  exposing and transferring a circuit pattern of the mask onto a wafer by irradiating the mask with exposure energy, wherein  the temperature distribution is controlled by irradiating infrared rays onto the mask and adjusting an intensity distribution of the infrared rays.  a reflection-type optical element having a front side with a reflective surface and a rear side;  irradiating means for irradiating said optical element with radiation energy;  measuring means for measuring temperature distribution of the optical element on both the front and rear sides; and  temperature control means for changing the temperature of part of said optical element on the basis of the measurement by said measuring means.  transfer means for exposing and transferring an exposure pattern to an object to be exposed by irradiating exposure energy onto a reflection-type mask having a front side with the exposure pattern formed thereon and a rear side;  measuring means for measuring temperature distribution of the mask on both the front and rear sides; and  temperature control means for changing the temperature of part of the mask on the basis of the measurement by said measuring means.  a reflection-type optical element having a front side with a reflective surface and a rear side;  irradiating means for irradiating said optical element with radiation energy;  measuring means for measuring the temperature distribution of said optical element; and  temperature control means for changing the temperature of part of said optical element on both the front and rear sides on the basis of the measurement by said measuring means. 2. A method of stabilizing a shape of a reflective surface of a reflection-type object, comprising the step of: 3. An optical apparatus, comprising: 4. An optical apparatus according to claim 3, wherein said adjusting means includes a member for absorbing the infrared rays. 5. An optical apparatus according to claim 3, wherein said temperature control means comprises a cooler. 6. An optical apparatus according to claim 3, wherein said heater is disposed on a rear side of said irradiated optical element. 7. An exposure apparatus, comprising: 8. An apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the reflection-type mask comprises a mirror with the exposure pattern formed on its surface. 9. An exposure apparatus, comprising: 10. An exposure apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the reflection-type mask comprises the exposure pattern formed on a surface of a mirror. 11. An exposure apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the exposure pattern includes a circuit pattern of a semiconductor device. 12. A method of manufacturing semiconductor devices, comprising the steps of: 13. A method of manufacturing semiconductor devices, comprising the steps of: 14. Semiconductor devices manufactured by a manufacturing method comprising the steps of: 15. Semiconductor devices manufactured by a manufacturing method comprising the steps of: 16. An optical apparatus, comprising: 17. An apparatus according to claim 16, wherein said temperature control means comprises at least one of a heater and a cooler. 18. An exposure apparatus, comprising: 19. An apparatus according to claim 18, wherein the reflection-type mask comprises a mirror with the exposure pattern formed on its surface. 20. An optical apparatus, comprising: 21. An apparatus according to claim 20, wherein said temperature control means comprises at least one of a heater and a cooler.