Patent Number: 046722122
Section: claims

1. A collimator for a beam of radiation the particles of which are selected from the group comprising high energy photons, electrons, protons, and heavy ions, which are emitted from a point type effective radiation source, comprising a protective radiation casing filled with helium gas, a frame surrounded by the casing, a plurality of pairs of opposed, elongated, curved, in cross section wedge-shaped leaves, wherein adjacent leaves are arranged side by side such that a fan-shaped configuration converging towards an apex at the effective radiation source is achieved, each wedge-shaped leaf being mounted for a combined rotational and translational movement on a support structure such that the leaves of each pair are mounted for motion towards and away from each other along a path which intersects the edge of the radiation field from the radiation source at a right angle, the inner edge surface as well as the two main surfaces of each leaf always being directed generally towards the radiation source, setting means for setting each leaf in a predetermined position along each individual path, bearing means provided between each leaf and the support structure, and read out means are provided to determine the position of the leaves by optical inspection of the leaves from a point that corresponds to the center of said radiation source. 2. A collimator in accordance with claim 1 wherein said helium gas is held at atmospheric or lower pressure. 3. A collimator in accordance with claim 1 wherein said leaves are made of a material having a high density and high atomic number, such as lead, tungsten and uranium. 4. A collimator in accordance with claim 3 wherein said setting means comprise individual motor means for setting the position of each leaf. 5. A collimator in accordance with claim 1 where in said read out means comprises TV-camera means, mirror means for viewing the radiation field from a point which corresponds to the centre of the radiation source on which the leaf collimator is focussed, the optical center of said TV-camera means being located in said point, motor means for each respective collimator leaf to set the position of said leaf, a TV-camera read out device comprising AD converting means for converting the TV-picture information into data position signals representing the position of each individual leaf, a data processor for receiving said data signals and comparing said signals with data position signals which represent the desired configuration of the radiation field and for generating, should there be any deviation between the compared data position signals, a signal to each motor in order to move the leaf to its desired position. 6. A collimator in accordance with claim 5, characterized in that said TV-camera means is arranged to establish the position of each collimator leaf by detecting light/dark transitions in predetermined lines of the TV-camera picture. 7. A collimator in accordance with claim 6, characterized in that the position of each collimator leaf is determined by the light/dark transition at a front surface of each collimator leaf with reference to stationary light bar means mounted in the collimator. 8. A collimator in accordance with claim 7, characterized in that each leaf is scanned by several TV-picture lines extending parallel to the top surface of each collimator leaf and that the light/dark transition in at least each second line is used to obtain the following data relating to the position of a leaf: (1) the actual position of said front surface of a leaf and  (2) a reference position as established by said light bar means. 9. A collimator in accordance with claim 7, characterized in that data relating to the contour line of the radiation field configuration are stored, prior to the setting of the collimator leaves, in the memory of said data processor. 10. A collimator in accordance with claim 9, characterized in that data relating to the position of the radiation field are taken by the TV-camera means from a contour line drawn directly on the surface of the object to be radiated by sensing the light/dark transition of said contour line. 11. A collimator in accordance with claim 1 characterized in that the position of each collimator leaf is determined by the light/dark transition at a front surface of each collimator leaf with reference to a reflector means mounted in the collimator. 12. A collimator in accordance with claim 1, wherein said bearing means comprises for each slab; a pair of lower rollers supporting the respective slab at its lower surface and an upper roller spring biased into engagement with the upper surface of said slab.