Patent Number: 043814620
Section: summary

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to the transformation of available energy resulting ultimately from nuclear reactions into free enthalpy of mestastable chemical compounds. Energy which can be made available will hereinafter be called exergy. Specifically, exergy is that portion of energy or heat which can (potentially) be extracted and used in any form of work. Exergy is, therefore, defined under observation of the second law of thermodynamics. The residual energy is called anergy. Exergy is in any instance dependant upon the environmental temperature. Exergy can be latent if stored in a chemical compound and made available by a chemical reaction. This invention is an attempt to find a solution to the following problem: is it possible to continue operation of all technical power producing and heat generating systems, and to increase such systems with a supply of such available energy, i.e. exergy, that is independant from consumption of the terrestrial stock of chemical (fossil) and nuclear fuels and does not require depositing of useless or even dangerous reaction products. Technical systems, therefore, have to be designed in analogy to botanical organism, which are able to absorb exergy radiated from sun and to store it in matter as its carrier. The storage of exergy should be carried out under development of functions similar to those performed by ATP (adenosine-tri-phosphate) in all living organisms. Following, therefore, the biological model a steady state of dynamic equilibrium between the exergy consuming technical systems, on the one hand, and their supply systems transforming available energy from the sun should be reached and, must be reached, to obtain a steady state in regard to production and technically useful consumption of the material carrier. Specifically here, the same quantities of carriers should discharge their exergy in technical power and heating systems on the average, as are being recharged by the transformation of solar exergy. Moreover, the storage and discharge of exergy by and for all technical power producing and heat generating systems should not interfere with the various biological cycles or disturb the steady states of all organisms. In other words; the production and consumption of technical exergy carriers should coexist with the biosphere. Most present day fuels do not. The reasons for the energy crisis of technical systems, their consequences in the long range as well as the possibilities to overcome the crisis will be explained in the following. At first I proceed to present an introduction into the energetic principles of biological organisms. Thereafter I shall describe the dependance of evolutionary development from exergy supply, followed by considerations which lead to this invention. To secure life, evolution and reproduction of any organism, two conditions in regard to its ambience have to be fulfilled: First, the ambience has to contain the materials necessary to compose the organism's structure, to repair and to reproduce it; second, the ambience has to provide the work which enables the organism both to compose, repair and reproduce its structure as well as to overcome external mechanical or chemical forces. Both conditions are met in the case of zoological organisms, such as men and animals, in the way, that these organisms do not receive and take up work proper from their ambience but withdraw energy therefrom which is stored as exergy as a potential source for work performed by and in the organism. Exergy is transferred to the respective organism in the form of free enthalpy of chemical compounds which are used to be food. Food has essentially two functions. In accordance with one function, it serves as the material carrier of exergy, the other function is that it serves as raw material for regeneration of the structure. On the other hand, and just as one example, warm blooded organisms loose heat to the usually color environment and, by this exergy. Animals and man however receive energy by way of non-material carriers (i.e. radiation) only to a neglible extent. In terms of thermodynamics, any organism which can receive (or loose) exergy on non-material energy carriers as well as on material carriers is, an open system. In contrast to open systems such as man or animals, their living space, the earth, is not an open system. The transfer of matter between earth and the outer space is negligibly small; exergy, therefore, will be transferred to earth due to lack of material carriers practically exclusively on non-material energetic carriers, which are electro-magnetic fields, emitted by the sun in the form of radiation. A certain equilibrium exists here as to radiation from the earth and storage of such radiation in the form of latent energy. It is a problem of primary importance how the zoological organisms, being open systems as defined, can actually exist on and coexist with earth (i.e. within a closed system) for a very long period of time, independant from any open ended source for a material carrier (matter) of exergy. This problem has been solved by nature through the existence of a second category of open systems known as plants. Plants being botanical organisms can transfer exergy from a non-material energetic carrier, to matter as carrier; they do store solar radiation (or exergy of the electro-magnetical field) in form of free enthalphy of chemical compounds by photosynthesis, mostly using atoms of C (carbon), of O (oxygen) and of H (hydrogen), which they withdraw from air and water to complete this basic cycle within the biosphere. This exergy storage is possible only due to the fact, that hydro-carbons synthesized are metastable in regard to O.sub.2 ; exergy has to be provided to initiate their reactions. Open system requirements of zoological organisms can be satisfied, if in fact, exergy is continuously transferred by radiation from the outside, i.e., the sun. The zoological and botanical organisms can coexist under these conditions if for an unlimited period of time, a stationary state is being maintained and kept constant. It has to be observed however, that the internal exergy consumption typical for all organisms (as an example, to organize metabolism) reduces the amount. of exergy which can be used under optimal conditions to feed men and animals, because plants have their own exergy requirements which are consumed irreversibly and cannot be recaptured. While the exergy radiated from sun will be lost gradually during the numerous transformations-thus causing the one-way dependence of men and animals from plants-matter cannot be lost. It is the matter as carrier of exergy, not the exergy itself, which determines the steady stationary state of coexistence in form of a dynamic equilibrium. In such a case only so many CO.sub.2 -- and H.sub.2 O-- molecules can be charged per unit time with exergy, serving as building blocks for hydrocarbons as well as for the generation of O.sub.2, as are discharged from exergy by reacting under formation of CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2 O, caused e.g. by men, animals or other causes. The stationary state in the coexistence and interaction of zoological and botanical organisms is related to the biosphere as a whole; this state does not include a dynamic equilibrium between individual organisms and its environment. It is, indeed, in general, a non-equilibrium which can be found normally amongst the different biological organisms. Consequently, each organism has a need to participate optimally on the limited exergy supply. As was stated above, individual organisms are open systems and a condition of equilibrium between an organism by itself and its environment cannot be expected to occur but the organism is more or less actively engaged in establishing or maintaining an approach to a dynamic equilibrium with its environment, resulting in a state of coexistence among the species and participants of the biosphere as a whole. On the other hand, this condition of non-equilibrium is the driving force of evolution. Evolution, therefore, is at least to some extent, the result of the fact that the state within the biosphere is not truely stationary, but, so to speak, quasi-stationary only, and coexistence is true only temporarily. Evolution can be characterized by the rise of organisms that have an increasingly complex (i.e., more adaptable) structure. There are two limiting possibilities for evolutionary development. The phylogenetic evolution means the reproduction of a structure in a slightly modified and (at least) better form caused by changes in pattern. By this method do not the individuals but species or races evolve from generation to generation. In case of ontogenetic evolution the pattern of structure, but not its (natural) disorder remains unchanged. Any progress is now determined by the individual; for the individual is able (in principle) to pass through a large number of stages of development during his life. Mostly humans (less animals) are involved in the ontogenetic development; that part of their structure, which might be changed in the direction of higher degress of order and complexity is located mainly in the brain. Two different phases of human development are to be recognized the first ending at the middle of 18. century. During this phase mankind constituted a subgroup of zoological organisms within the biosphere; human existence was limited in general by all the factors given by the requirements to coexist with botanical and zoological organisms. Decisive here was that the attempts of humans to exist, did not disturb noticeably the coexistence between the human race and the biosphere, nor did it disturb the coexistence among other species of the biosphere. In the second phase, however, a small group of human individuals was able to overcome some of these limitations in countries which lead up to what became known as the industrial revolution and created what can be called the techno-sphere. This group succeeded not only by improving the heat producing systems known so far, but has been able to develop technical power systems based on fossil fuels. Use of these fuels multiplies the forces available to humans by many orders of magnitudes, but the use of these fuels and this discharge of exergy carriers which have discharged their exergy for the benefit of the techno-sphere has begun to interfere with the biosphere. There are two consequences essentially: On the one hand a very small group of humans started to accelerate its own evolutionary development (mostly on technological-economical areas) in a way not known before. The non-equilibrium in regard to other groups and inbetween this group resulted in world-wide conflicts. On the other hand, the quasi-stationary state of coexistence of the biological organisms has been discontinued, not only as between the man made techno-sphere and the biosphere, but also among other members of the biosphere, including the human race as a member of that biosphere. The technical power systems so far developed are designed to consume exergy stored in matter as carrier. The supply of these systems seems to be organized, therefore, in analogy to zoological organisms. While, however, the zoological systems coexisted in a stationary state with the botanical systems, this situation does not hold true for the technical systems. Today the technical systems consume at about 95% exergy of fossil fuels, which is exergy stored from botanical organisms in form of hydrocarbons and O.sub.2 ; the technical systems are fed with this exergy from sources of supply, which have been accumulated during some millions of years. As a consequence, this kind of exergy supply is limited in time necessarily. The totality of botanical organisms needs and receives a solar exergy flux for the production of hydrocarbons and O.sub.2 of about 40.10.sup.12 W. Compared to this, the technical systems consume today (1974) an exergy flux of about 6.10.sup.12 W. If, however, the entire world population of about 4.10.sup.9 individuals were to consume in the average, the same amount of exergy of about 10 kW consumed per capita in the U.S., technical and botanical systems would have the same demand for exergy. Considering the rise in population, increasing industrialization etc., this may occur in the near future. In this case, and, due to the low efficiency of photosynthesis of about 10%, ten times more of CO.sub.2 - and H.sub.2 O-molecules will be released than plants can reconstruct into hydrocarbons and O.sub.2. Thus, the steady state in regard to exergy carriers has been destroyed, and the discharged exergy carriers, CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2 O accumulate in the atmosphere and elsewhere. The supply of fossil fuels, such as coal, oil and natural gas are estimated to be about 200.10.sup.21 Ws (or approximately 200 Q). This quantity is enough to cover a continuous demand of 40.10.sup.12 W for a period of time of 5.10.sup.9 s, equivalent to about 158 years. If, however, mankind increases up to about 15.10.sup.9 individuals by the year 2050 (as indicated by reasonable extrapolation), and if, in addition only half of the fuel can be made available for actual consumption, then the time period will be reduced from 158 to 21 years!! In order to continue human evolution with the assistance of technical heating, power and other work producing systems, as well as information systems, the dynamic equilibrium in the biosphere has to be restored and the exergy supply of technical systems must be ensured on a longterm basis but in an entirely different manner. Nuclear carriers of exergy such as uranium, plutonium and deuterium, cannot be used to reach both targets. The deuterium available within the closed system earth is inexhaustible if compared to uranium; the problem, however, is that all discharged carriers (and their by-products) such as tritium as well as the fission products of uranium and plutonium have to be stored, because they cannot be recharged (which is the principle difference between carriers of chemical and nuclear energy). The accumulation of these highly radioactive and long-lived materials is accompanied with an increasing probability for radioactive contamination of the biosphere with the result of a deadly interruption of all steady states. The only solution for this problem seems to lie in a technical system for exergy supply, which is designed in accordance with the principles of botanical organisms and can coexist with the biosphere! Solar exergy must be stored on a material carrier which can be used as universal technical fuel and which in turn can be recharged following use without interferring the biological steady state. Even a population of 15.10.sup.9 individuals consuming 10 kW per capita will claim only a very small fraction of the solar exergy flux of about 173.10.sup.15 W. A solar based technical exergy supply system following the rules mentioned above is the object of this invention. The present day exergy utilization in the technosphere should be considered in some detail. Presently, the zoological organisms as well as the technical power and heating systems are both fed with exergy transferred almost exclusively by means of material carriers, and their internal organization is developed to make available the exergy to the various organs and subsystems respectively; these are the consumers of the exergy. Both the zoological as well as the technical systems have developed two identical principles for this work; on the one side exergy, which is stored on a material carrier, will be distributed and made available for consumption by the consumers wherever required; on the other side, exergy is made available and transmitted in form of electrical energy ready for immediate consumption along conduction paths. A material carrier of exergy is (in some respect) like a storage facility, whenever work has to be performed the storage facility must be tapped. As an example, a hydrocarbon of higher degree is an exergonic chemical compound, which appears to be metastable in regard to O.sub.2 under normal conditions. However, work for obtaining the discharge of the stored exergy of such a carrier has to be exerted and even be accumulated in many cases until a trigger level has been reached, which is equivalent to the exertion of activation exergy to overcome the metastable threshold and being necessary also to increase the capacity for the reaction. In the presence of a catalyst the activation exergy is diminished. Electro-magnetic fields are used as non-material, energy carriers in both biological and technical systems. These carriers transmit exergy in technical systems at low frequencies, guided by metallic conductors available for immediate consumption at any place without any activation. There is a trade off here between the limited possibilities for storage of exergy of electromagnetic fields and the immediate availibility of field exergy; the access time for exergy stored in a non-material energetic carrier is essentially zero. At the present stage of development the technical power and heating systems are fed with different hydrocarbons, which have almost the same specific exergy, but which differ in regard to phases (solid, liquid, gaseous). Also, the activation exergy differs in dependance upon the H.sub.2 -content. Coal has the lowest H.sub.2 -content, less than 7.5% and, therefore, requires the highest activation exergy. Oil, which is a liquid with a H.sub.2 -content of about 15% exceeds natural gas with a H.sub.2 -content of 33% in regard to the activation exergy. About one-third each of all technical systems use coal, oil and gas respectively (Example: U.S.A. 1970). Thermal activation is the only possibility known so far to make available this exergy in a technical scale; the stationary combustion of fossil fuels requires about 35% of their exergy stored for activation. This means that activation cannot be performed without accumulation of external exergy. Coal requires, therefore, the longest ignition period, while natural gas has the smallest period and its exergy is available rather immediately. In highly developed countries, about one-third of the material carriers of exergy will be discharged in power stations. Specifically, about 35% of the exergy stored and transported in some fashion to the power station will be consumed for the thermal activation of carriers, and an additional 35% will be used in the subsequent transformation into electrical energy; the (so-called thermal) efficiency of power stations, therefore, will not exceed much about 30%. As a consequence, about 10% of the total energy transmitted to all the technical power and heating systems will be available directly in the form of electrical exergy in a distribution network however, only about 43% of this energy, arriving at the consumer, are actually available for the various non-electrical consumers. The cost for the transport of electrical energy and of gaseous, liquid and solid hydrocarbons are estimated to follow the ratio 20:5:1:10, while the capacities of the usual transportation devices in accordance are related as 1:25:500:1. Both, the medium activation exergy and the extremely high amenability of liquid exergy carrier to transportation, when compared to the others, have greatly influenced the evolution of technical power and heating systems predominantly towards liquid exergy carriers: The word-wide shift in regard to these systems from solid to liquid exergy carriers (partially to gaseous carriers) as universal fuels cannot be reversed. This however, has produced a direct and increasing dependance from oil, but oil constitutes only about 5% of the supply of fossil fuels. Consequently one must analyze proposals to replace oil by other liquids, which aspect is the principle concern underlying this invention. Since the coexistence of the techno-sphere and of the biosphere must be regarded as an absolute prerequisite for the continuation of both spheres, it is reasonable and appropriate to match the former to the latter. Thus, it is worthwhile to note the fact, that all living organisms have developed the identical organization to distribute and make available the exergy which has been received even though they developed along very different lines of evolution. The principle of this organization is apparently optimal and further development may not be necessary or even possible. This principle can be characterized (as far as known today) by the following rules: 1. Higher hydrocarbons are used both to store exergy on a long-term basis and to transfer exergy from the botanical to the zoological organisms. 2. ATP (adenosine-tri-phosphate) is the carrier which is being used exclusively within all living organisms for both storing exergy on short-term basis, and for distributing it internally. 3. Exergy of hydrocarbons and of ATP will be released in form of electrical energy; in the reverse, hydrocarbons, ATP and other carriers when used to perform non-electrical work are synthesized by means of electrical energy. The blocking of the first (exergonic) process is overcome by special catalysts. The transformation of solar exergy in botanical systems and (indirectly) in zoological systems as well as the coupling between both kinds of systems with the help of hydrocarbons can be explained by these rules as follows: ATP plays the decisive role by being the universal fuel transported in liquid phase within all organisms. The exergy of ATP will be transformed reversibly and directly into electrical energy (which appears to be one of the long-term targets of development of technical systems, realized in a first step by fuel-cells). The exergy stored in ATP is also being used to perform mechanical work in muscles or chemical work by "pumping" ions in the cells of the nervous systems. Hydrocarbons, however, not ATP do couple the zoological to the botanical organisms in regard to exergy transfer due to the fact, that the atmosphere has to be used for recycling of all discharged carriers in nature! The reaction-products of ATP, however, which are ADP (adenosine-di-phosphate) and P (free phosphate) cannot exist within an ambience containing gaseous O.sub.2 in contrast to CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2 O which are different. The external exergy carriers for biological organisms are at the same time the raw material for the construction of the organisms structure; it seems to be necessary, therefore, to offer a broad spectrum of different hydrocarbons. OBJECTS AND PURPOSE OF THE INVENTION It is the object of the invention presented here to describe a technical system for exergy supply on a solar basis, to which the present technical power and heating systems can easily be adapted. The basic idea is to find a technological analogon to the internal organization of biological organisms as characterized by the three rules mentioned above. In the present stage of technical development exergy carriers do not serve also for the construction of the systems to be supplied with exergy. Therefore, technical, work producing and energy consuming systems should be coupled directly with a new fuel supply system via a universal liquid fuel which has to some extent analogous functions as ATP. This universal fuel must have the property that its reaction-products can be recycled through the atmosphere (for rule 1 is still not applicable to the present technical systems); the reaction-products should not interfere with the biological cycles and should not disturb coexistence with biological systems. N.sub.2 which is nitrogen is the only one component of air, except CO.sub.2, which can be considered as a basis for the contemplated technical exergy carrier due to its dominating abundance. Hydronitrogens, therefore, seem to be best suit to bear the role of a universal technical fuel. The simplest compound (NH.sub.2).sub.2 here is hydrazine or di-amide; it is a liquid under normal conditions, has a high specific exergy but is metastable and reacts with O.sub.2 or (OH).sub.2, which is hydrogen-peroxide, forming N.sub.2 and H.sub.2 O as required fundamentally. Hydrazine is a compound which can be used favorably in fuel cells due to the electron transfer when reacting with O.sub.2 or (OH).sub.2 in order to transform its exergy into electrical energy directly. In the case that this transformation can be realized in a technical scale, then the analogy between this fuel and ATP might be perfect; as a technical consequence the transmission of electrical energy via extended networks can be dispensed with. The following relation describes this particular electron transfer: EQU (NH.sub.2).sub.2aq +4OH.sup.- .fwdarw.4e+N.sub.2 +H.sub.2 O Hydrogen-peroxide can actually be used in a turbine even without hydrazine due to the relatively large exergy released during decay into O.sub.2 and H.sub.2 O when in contact with catalysts. The requirement to feed conventional systems with the new universal fuel and its liquid oxidant without larger adjustments is, therefore, realizable on a technical scale and has been realized in the past. Hydrazine is today raw material for the production of a large number of chemical compounds, such as drugs and nitrogen polymers, and especially poly-amides are of great importance in the chemistry and technology of synthetic plastics. It might be useful to consider hydrazine as the substitute for oil in the chemical industry. This, however, presupposes that hydrazine can be made available for example under direct utilization of solar exergy! All biological organisms do replace continuously large parts of their structure; by this the reliable functioning of the structure is secured twice: The continuous reconstruction is equivalent to a replacement of used parts before the rapid increase of probability for failures, while on the other hand, the continuous production of identical parts lowers deterministic failure rates substantially. An extended nervous system provides continuous supervision of the organism. The present technical power and heating systems and especially the exergy supply systems (power stations) are organized and designed in a manner which is quite different from both the biological organisms and the modern technical information systems. Power and heating systems as well as power stations are mostly produced from parts designed for long life terms; it is hardly possible even to define probabilistic failures. The methods used to avoid deterministic failures include supervision during production and sufficiently large proportioning. Failsafe devices, standby equipment and some redundancy have been introduced to reduce failure and dropout probability as far as overall operation is concerned. But cost considerations have more or less left this concept in rudimentary stages. The rapid increase of exergy demand for exergy in the future will apparently result in serious production gaps (for power stations) due to this design and safety philosophy provided that nuclear energy will be chosen to overcome the crisis in the near future. In order to keep up with the needs for power just in the European community, an additional 1000 MW nuclear power station has to be installed twice a week. The exergy transformer for converting solar exergy into hydrazine due to this invention is designed and supervised following the principles of biological organisms. This invention to be described in the following gives an example of how to realize the solutions of problems mentioned in the foregoing. The specific object of the invention, therefore, is a method and system to transform exergy in order to supply the technical work producing, power and heating systems, and also systems converting chemical energy directly into electrical energy, with exergy on a material carrier. More specifically, it is an object of this invention to use solar exergy for producing a fuel which when discharging its stored exergy results in decomposition products and waste which is compatible with the biosphere and will not destroy the coexistence between plants and animal on the earth. It is, therefore, an object of this invention to provide for a techno-spheric cycle which can coexist with the biospheric cycle particularly with regard to inherent mutual traversion of these cycles by each other because of common use of the atmosphere. It is another object of the present invention to provide for a method and system for the synthesis of chemical endergonic compounds. An endergonic compound is one in which the free enthalpic after formation of the compound is larger than the free enthalpic prior to that formation; in contradistinction to an exergonic compound in which the relation as to free enthalpic is reversed. It is a further object of the present invention to convert solar exergy into different forms of exergy which is or includes electrical energy using a novel process under utilization of MHD-principles. It is a still further object of the invention to provide a new method for obtaining electrolysis in an MHD fluid process energized by means of externally applied thermal energy. It is a still further object of the invention to provide for a system which permits the large scale production of hydrazine from solar energy as an endergonic compound using largely self-contained modules which can be clustered. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In accordance with the preferred embodiment of the invention, a device, called exergy transformer, absorbs exergy, preferably in the form of solar radiation and converts this exergy first into electrical energy, and stores this energy on the components N.sub.2 and H.sub.2 O in the way to obtain a liquidous chemical compound (NH.sub.2).sub.2 serving as the material carrier of this exergy proper and which may serve as the supply for the technical work producing power and heating systems as well as fuel cells, to make this exergy available in form and manner which is compatible with the biosphere and coexists therewith fully. The production of the preferred oxidizer, (OH).sub.2 may accompany the process of forming (NH.sub.2).sub.2 while producing H.sub.2 as raw product needed for the (HN.sub.2).sub.2 synthesis. N.sub.2 and H.sub.2 O will serve as the raw materials of the exergy transformation system as producing (NH.sub.2).sub.2 and (OH).sub.2, and these products are in turn the products of the reaction of (NH.sub.2).sub.2 and (OH).sub.2 or O.sub.2, and can, therefore, be characterized to be the discharged carriers of exergy, which are recycled within the atmosphere from the exergy consuming technical systems and fuel cells to the exergy transformers, in a far-reaching analogy to CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2 O as the discharged external carriers of exergy supplied to biological organisms. Specifically, it is most significant, that the biospheric carbon/CO.sub.2 /water cycle and the techno-spheric hydronitrogen/nitrogen/water cycle do not interfere with each other. The steady states of technical systems as using (NH.sub.2).sub.2 and (OH).sub.2 and as discharging N.sub.2 and H.sub.2 O as exhausted carriers of exergy, including any equilibrium with production of (NH.sub.2).sub.2 and (OH).sub.2, will coexist with the analogous steady state of biological organisms functioning with energy charged hydrocarbons and CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2 O as discharged carriers. In view of the fact that only limited amounts of N.sub.2 (and, possibly but not necessarily, as water) are only temporarily extracted from the earth's atmosphere, changes of the climate at earth's surface are not produced. Also, absorption of solar radiation and rejection of the waste heat (of transformation) for very large scale production will not result in climate changes due to the fact that the solar exergy absorbed will be taken mostly from that fraction which is re-radiated into space and will be replaced partially by the waste heat of the transformation process anyway. If H.sub.2 O, as well as N.sub.2, are separated from the air by physical methods charged with exergy within the transformer and conversion systems, in principle, three different processes are involved in order to synthesize (NH.sub.2).sub.2, (OH).sub.2 and/or O.sub.2. The first process is the conversion of solar radiation, reflected and focussed by mirrors, into electrical energy based on magneto-hydro-dynamics with liquid metals serving as the working fluid; the second process might overlap with the first one because the same liquid metal is used in this second process for the synthesis of (NH.sub.2).sub.2 and consumes a portion of the electrical energy generated. The remainder of the electrical energy is taken from the transformer system proper and fed to the third process producing both H.sub.2, as an intermediate product for the (NH.sub.2).sub.2 synthesis by the second process, as well as (OH).sub.2 and/or O.sub.2. More specifically, solar exergy will be transferred to a working fluid in the first process and converted in parts, into kinetic energy of the working fluid. Preferably Li and Li(NH.sub.2), i.e., lithium and lithium-amide are used as the liquid phase of the working fluid. The solar exergy thus transferred is made available in the form of electrical energy for and in the other two processes, using interaction of the liquid metals with an external travelling magnetic field. About one-third of the electrical energy generated will be consumed directly within a free, magnetically guided Li--Li(NH.sub.2)--jet for the second process which is the electrolysis of Li(NH.sub.2), using finely dispersed Fe, which is iron, to act as bipolar electrodes (in this step) in order to obtain the separation of (NH).sub.2 -groups from the lithium, followed by combining of respective twos of groups to (NH.sub.2).sub.2 ; the residual solution of metallic Li and Li(NH.sub.2) is recycled in the process. The remaining two-thirds of the electrical energy will be coupled out from the exciter coils of the external magnetic field and transferred to another system, apart from the system described in regard to the working fluid, in order to run the third process outlined above and which takes place chemically in a far reaching analogy, and which is comprised of the electrolysis of Li(OH) (or other alkali-hydroxides), possibly using bipolar electrodes, in order to generate OH-groups which can combine to (OH).sub.2 in a further step, thus producing metallic Li (or other alkali-metals) at least ready for reaction with H.sub.2 O releasing H.sub.2 and (OH.sup.-) within a closed cycle. The first process (converting solar exergy into electrical energy) by itself should require and consume a small amount of exergy. This high internal efficiency will be achieved by a proper development of the different steps compared to those of the well known liquid-metal-MHD-processes. Specifically, not only are liquid and gaseous phases of the working fluid chosen as different media, to obtain maximum efficiency of acceleration by optimization in the choice of quality and densities, but the liquid phase is also mixed with finely dispersed iron to make it behave like a ferro-magnetic fluid, thus permitting to exert body forces upon the various droplets at the end of acceleration in order to cause the droplets to conglomerate and to form a compact, free jet, concurring with separation of the residual gaseous phases. This way, jet guidance and (radial) jet compression during deceleration is simplified. As stated above, Li and Li(NH.sub.2) is used as liquid phase for the working fluid. N.sub.2 is the preferred gaseous phase in the working fluid, because N.sub.2 is, on the one hand, inert in regard to the mixture of Li(NH.sub.2) and the powdered iron, while, on the other hand, N.sub.2 leads to a density ratio of about 10.sup.-2 of gaseous to liquid phase at 800 K, which ratio causes an acceleration efficiency in the jet forming nozzle about 0.7 at qualities about 0.5, as has been found emperically. N.sub.2 circulates in a separate circulation through the system. As stated, the working fluid includes ferromagnetic liquid droplets, which, when leaving focussing nozzles following expansion, enter a radial symmetric, but strongly inhomogeneous magnetic field just before the focussing point of the two-phase flow, given by nozzle configuration. Therefore, these droplets are forced to move in the direction of decreasing field strength like a diamagnetic body until they form a compact liquid jet, due to the magnetic momentum induced opposite in the direction to the external field within the droplets. A similar effect, however, can be achieved by another device, composed from a ring-shaped separator upstream of the focus of two-phase flow, with a Coanda-lip at its lower end, and used to separate a portion of liquid phase from the two-phase flow, which flows along a separator surface, leaves the separator by passing the Coanda-lip, and thus, forms a hollow-cored liquid jet, which enables an electric current to flow in axial direction from the ring-shaped separator, serving as the upstream electrode. The hollow-core jet is used here as a metallic conductor for the generation of a focussing (or radially compressing) theta-pinch. In both of these cases as outlined in the preceding paragraph, the gaseous phase, has accelerated the liquid phase in expansion nozzles, but has decoupled from the droplets at the end of expansion due to its very low density. The gaseous phase will diffuse from the converging droplets when flowing from the nozzle exit towards the device for jet generation, even if expansion is not continued here. The decoupled gaseous phase is caused to enter a heat exchanger. Any residual portion of the gaseous phase will be extracted during magnetic compression of the liquid phase, until a compact, ferromagnetic free jet with high specific kinetic energy has been formed. This jet has a high magnetic Reynolds-number. An external magnetic, preferably radial-symmetric, travelling field is applied to that jet to obtain energy extraction by deceleration. This field is generated by solenoid cells and should guide and compress the jet following the betatron-principle, forcing the jet into the place of minimum potential energy in the coil axis. This jet must also enter a jet capture device at the end of energy extraction in order to make use of its residual kinetic energy for the compression of the liquid (following bernoulli-equation) to obtain its recirculation as working fluid (liquid phase) to the heat source, which is possible only if the jet retains a compact configuration; this jet can be compressed radially by the field lines passing through the liquid jet in axial direction, thus compensating the forces which, under certain circumstances, tend to blow the jet in radially outward direction, particularly when the field lines are distorted by the increase of cross-section of liquid jet due to its deceleration. As a feature of the invention it is suggested to provide for three linked circulations. The first circulation involves basically lithium and lithium amid as the liquid phase in a two phase flow for the preparation for the MHD process. The lithium serves additionally as working fluid for that process concurring with the function as carrier fluid in which electrolysis for the final formation of hydrazine takes place. Still furthermore the lithium is the fluid which is initially heated i.e. which undergoes the primary heat exchange with externally applied and/or developed thermal exergy. This liquid phase will, in the following be termed more generally the first magneto-hydro-dynamic fluid or mfd #1 fluid for short. The gaseous phase in the two phase flow is established by a second circulation of a fluid called thermo-fluid dynamic fluid or tfd for short. This fluid has been pressurized and enters into heat exchange with the liquid phase for isobaric heating, followed by immediate expansion and acceleration so that in turn the liquid phase is accelerated in a manner known per se. The gaseous phase is separated from the liquid phase and does not participate in the electrolytic process, instead it enters into recuperative heat exchange with itself and being isothermically pressurized inbetween. Specifically, the tfd gas is isothermically pressurized and that gas when still having low pressure gives off thermal exergy to the gas following repressurization so that this compression can be carried out at lowest possible temperature without wasting the thermal energy. The third circulation is the mfd #2 fluid enters into heat exchange with the gaseous phase (second circulation) for obtaining the isothermic low temperature compression so as to reduce the work needed for that pressurization of the tfd-gas. The tfd fluid may at some point actually be liquified. The mfd #2 fluid serves, basically as heat exchanger but should have mfd characteristics so that it can be pumped e.g. by an auxiliary MHD-pump. This mfd #2 fluid will be cooled externally by means of air. This cooling may be carried out indirectly through interpositioning of another heat exchange circulation, if for various reasons the mfd #2 fluid became "contaminated" with reaction residue of the mfd #1 fluid and has to be cleaned during its circulation. The process that is carried out in accordance with the present invention can also be understood on a more generalized basis. One begins with a concentration of solar energy as preferred source of heat. That heat is used (together with a catalyst) to synthesize an amid of an alkali metal by adding nitrogen and hydrogen. The amid is then caused to give off the NH.sub.2 under conditions which permit ready and direct formation of hydrazine, while the metal is caused to recycle. The hydrogen is produced separately and the nitrogen is taken from air. In one form of practicing the invention, the hydrazine is generated by way of electrolysis as mentioned and on the basis of an MHD conversion process deriving its exergy from the solar energy in that a two phase system is operated and energized by the solar energy for moving the liquid phase through the MHD device. That liquid phase is or includes metal-amid, while the gaseous phase is the thermo dynamic working fluid and circulates separately. The hydrogen needed for this process is produced for example by a separate, electrolysis of water but powered by excess electrical energy from the MHD conversion, wuile (OH).sub.2, a suitable oxidizer results as bi-product. Alternatively, (as to hydrazine production) the metal amid is chemically treated to give off NH.sub.2 for the production of hydrazine. This is accomplished by adding water to the metal amid so that metal-hydroxide, diamid and hydrogen is formed. The production of hydrogen is, therefore, a direct part of the hydrazine synthesis and can be used to obtain the metal amid. The MHD conversion process is used also here to reconstitute the metal by electrolytically decomposing the metal hydroxide. Water and hydrogen is used in this process as the gaseous phase for the two phase system necessary to produce the movement of the liquid phase through the MHD system. Recuperative heat exchange and recompression of the gaseous phase is used in either case, as thermo-dynamic process steps. In any of these methods kinetic energy of a liquid phase is extracted from solar energy and electrolysis is obtained by induction in that liquid phase as it moves through the MHD conversion system. The non-coulombic electric field as induced therein strips off electrons from the negative OH.sup.- or NH.sub.2.sup.- ions and shifts them to the positive metal ions while iron particles serve as bi-polar electrodes responsible primarily for a strong electric current in the liquid phase which sustains the electrolytic electron transfer in the liquid between and adjacent the iron particles. The current within the fluid interacts with the magnetic field as applied (external or through self-excitation) and as increased by the ferromagnetic properties of the iron particles, to thereby guide, focus and decelerate the free flowing fluid thus taking care of the energy balance. The transformer system is designed and constructed to permit the raw materials H.sub.2 O and N.sub.2 of the processes as well as the intermediate product H.sub.2 to enter, and the products (NH.sub.2).sub.2, (OH).sub.2 and/or O.sub.2 to leave, without impairing the reliability of the total transformer system. On the other hand, the system must be designed to satisfy the needs of the logistics of the entire exergy transformer system as to reduction of probabilistic failure due to a modular concept and due to an on-line production in a factory (not on site) with very stringent quality checks. Additionally, redundancy should be introduced, and modules should be exchanged frequently after a relative short operation time. All of the subsystems as well as the characteristic states of processes should be continuously supervised. A basic condition must be met namely, that bottlenecks are to be avoided as much as possible as far as production and installation are concerned as that would hamper meeting any rapidly increasing demand. The contemplated synthesis of Li(NH.sub.2) using metallic Li, H.sub.2 and N.sub.2 as raw materials, will be based on forces typical for thermodynamics of irreversible processes, in other words, processes are run by non-equilibria without requiring moving mechanical parts (which are necessary when making use of the ammonia-synthesis as intermediate step). Running the process on the basis of disturbing or preventing locally a thermodynamic equilibrium can be realized for example if N.sub.2 and H.sub.2 are introduced directly into the Li as passing through the heat source and are made to react with Li with the aid of the finely dispersed Fe serving in this instance as catalyst. In a different part of the system, any (NH.sub.2).sub.2 that has been produced must be evacuated from the free jet, passed through the space between the jet and the coils of the magnet system, condensated elsewhere and discharged. The transformer systems proper, in which exergy storage takes place, are constructed for production in very large numbers, following the principles of modular light weight techniques, and thus, reducing the components to parts of very simple geometry, for instance, to tubes, coils and stamped out sheets; this idea can be realized if the principles of construction of vertebrates are adapted, which are based on a skeleton, carrying the various organs and enveloped by multiple elastic skins, for example, by using a skeleton like frame made from parallel tubes and stiffened and partitioned by equidistant sheets equivalent to bulkheads. Such construction takes up on the one hand, all internal and external forces, but transports internally, on the other hand, the various fluids. The skeleton or frame is manteled by at least two skins; the inner skin is stiffened, in addition, by another, corrugated sheet, and encloses the working fluid. The outer skin, due to its lower temperature, compensates the internal pressure of the system, which is transmitted by the corrugated sheet; the space between both skins is maintained by the corrugated sheet, and is filled with a gas at very low pressure in order to serve for thermal insulation as well as to permit leak detection of either skin. Cables, heaters and sensors (as an example thermo-couples, pressure-transducers, microphones) are located within that space between the envelopes providing continuously inputs for supervision and control of operation of all the modules e.g., by the computer analysis of stochastic signals. In the case of probabilistic failures, indicated quite early, an immediate replacement of the module by a new one from store can be arranged. The light weight modules, as well as all other subsystems except the mirrors, are produced on line, tested thereat and operated within the factory in order to eliminate any assembling on site. As a consequence, total weight and dimensions due are reduced, permitting air transportation. The mirrors are made from foils, which are cut, formed and prefabricated, also in a factory, in order to minimize installation site including welding, foaming of structure, stressing foils by gas pressure and initially filling buoyant storages with H.sub.2. Finally, it has to be mentioned, that the storage of solar exergy is understood to be the long-termed target and presents the preferred example of invention. However, the exergy transformer according to this invention can be coupled directly to nuclear fusion and/or breeder reactors or to other heat sources, mirrors can be omitted in that case.