Patent Number: 
Section: claims

1. A method of measuring aberrations by the use of an electron microscope having a function of displaying an image of a specimen by focusing an electron beam onto the specimen, scanning the beam over the specimen, detecting electrons transmitted through the specimen by an electron detector, and visualizing the output signal from the detector in synchronism with the electron beam scanning, said method comprising the steps of:taking autocorrelation of local regions on a Ronchigram of the specimen that is amorphous;detecting aberrations in the electron beam formed from local angular regions on an aperture plane from the autocorrelation or from Fourier analysis of the autocorrelation; andcalculating the aberrations based on results of the detection. 2. A method of measuring aberrations as set forth in claim 1, wherein a Gaussian function is used as a function representing said autocorrelation. 3. A method of measuring aberrations as set forth in claim 1, wherein when said autocorrelation is analyzed, an isocontrast portion of said autocorrelation is fitted using an elliptical function. 4. A method of measuring aberrations as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein parameters indicating variations in the aberrations in the electron beam are normalized using an amount of positional deviation from a focal point when said Ronchigram is derived and a distance to a just focus, in order to find absolute values of the aberrations in the electron beam. 5. A method of measuring aberrations as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein two Ronchigrams providing different focal points are obtained and parameters indicating variations in the aberrations in the electron beam are normalized using the differential distance between the focal points, in order to find absolute values of the aberrations in the electron beam. 6. A method of measuring aberrations as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein variations in geometrical aberrations caused when energy of the electron beam directed at the specimen are detected as variations in local regions of the Ronchigram, and a chromatic aberration coefficient is measured from a variation in the energy of the electron beam and from an amount of focal shift. 7. A method of correcting aberrations using a method of measuring aberrations as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 3. 8. An electron microscope having a function of displaying an image of a specimen by focusing an electron beam onto the specimen, scanning the beam over the specimen, detecting electrons transmitted through the specimen by an electron detector and visualizing the output signal from the detector in synchronism with the electron beam scanning, and an aberration corrector for use in an illumination system, said electron microscope comprising:first calculation means for taking autocorrelation of minute regions on a Ronchigram of the specimen that is amorphous;detection means for detecting aberrations in the electron beam formed from local angular regions on an aperture plane from the autocorrelation or from Fourier analysis of the autocorrelation;second calculation means for calculating aberrations based on results of the detection; andcontrol means for the aberration corrector in the illuminating system for correcting the aberrations based on results of calculations performed by the second calculation means.