Patent Number: 052590135
Section: claims

1. A system for obtaining a two-dimensionally altered high-resolution image of a specimen, comprising: means for applying a parallel first x-ray beam of predetermined energy and brilliance to a portion of the specimen, to thereby generate a parallel second x-ray beam which contains an initial image relating to the specimen;  a first nearly perfect crystal formed to provide a first diffraction surface oriented to receive said second x-ray beam at a first angle of incidence to dynamically diffract the same and to thereby generate a parallel third x-ray beam containing a first one-dimensional alteration of said initial image; said third x-ray beam being reflected with respect to said first diffraction surface at a first angle of reflectance relative thereto;  a second nearly perfect crystal, similar to the first nearly perfect crystal, formed to provide a second diffraction surface oriented orthogonally with respect to said first diffraction surface and disposed to receive said third x-ray beam at a second angle of incidence to dynamically diffract the same and to reflect a parallel fourth x-ray beam containing a second one-dimensional alteration of said first one-dimensional alteration to the same degree, but orthogonally directed to said first one-dimensional alteration, the combined effect of both one-dimensional alterations being an undistorted two-dimensional alteration of said initial image, said fourth x-ray beam being reflected with respect to said second diffraction surface at a second angle of reflectance relative thereto; and  x-ray sensitive detector means for receiving said fourth x-ray beam and directly generating therefrom an output corresponding to a two-dimensional second magnified image.  monochromator means for monochromatizing said first x-ray beam prior to application thereof to said specimen.  said first x-ray beam is directed to be transmitted through said portion of said specimen to generate said second x-ray beam.  said first x-ray beam is directed to be reflected from said portion of said specimen to generate said second x-ray beam.  data acquisition and processing means cooperating with said detector means to acquire and process said two-dimensional magnified image to generate data relating to said specimen therefrom.  means for rotating said specimen through a predetermined angle; and  means for digitizing and processing data generated by said detector means in relation to a rotation of said specimen to develop a three-dimensional magnified image of said specimen.  disposition adjustment means for providing fine adjustments to the dispositions of said specimen relative to said first nearly perfect crystal, of said first nearly perfect crystal with respect to said second nearly perfect crystal, and of said second nearly perfect crystal relative to said detector means.  said adjustment means comprises means for controllably and independently adjusting in translation and in rotation the respective locations and orientations of said specimen, said first nearly perfect crystal, said second nearly perfect crystal and said detector means.  computer means for controlling said adjustment means.  means for applying a parallel first x-ray beam of predetermined energy and brilliance to a portion of the specimen, to thereby generate a parallel second x-ray beam which contains an initial image relating to the specimen;  a first nearly perfect crystal formed to provide a first diffraction surface oriented to receive said second x-ray beam at a first angle of incidence to dynamically diffract the same and to thereby generate a parallel third x-ray beam containing a first magnification of said initial image, said third x-ray beam being reflected with respect to said first diffraction surface at a first angle of reflectance relative thereto;  a second nearly perfect crystal formed to provide a second diffraction surface oriented orthogonally with respect to said first diffraction surface and disposed to receive said third x-ray beam at a second angle of incidence to dynamically diffract the same and to reflect a parallel fourth x-ray beam containing a second magnification of said first magnification in a direction orthogonal to a direction of said first magnification, said fourth x-ray beam being reflected with respect to said second diffraction surface at a second angle of reflectance relative thereto;  x-ray sensitive detector means for receiving said fourth x-ray beam and directly generating therefrom an output corresponding to a two-dimensional second magnified image;  monochromator means for monochromatizing said first x-ray beam prior to application thereof to said specimen;  disposition adjustment means for providing fine adjustments to the dispositions of said specimen relative to said first highly perfect crystal, of said first highly perfect crystal with respect to said second highly perfect crystal, and of said second highly perfect crystal relative to said detector means;  computer means for controlling said adjustment means;  means for rotating said specimen through a predetermined angle; and  means for digitizing and processing data generated by said detector means in relation to a rotation of said specimen to develop a three-dimensional magnified image of said specimen.  applying a parallel first x-ray beam of predetermined energy and brilliance to a portion of the specimen to generate a parallel second x-ay beam which contains an initial image relating to the specimen;  positioning a first highly-perfect crystal to orient a first diffraction surface thereof to receive said second x-ray beam at a first angle of incidence to dynamically diffract the same to generate a parallel third x-ray beam containing a first magnification of said initial image and reflecting said third x-ray beam with respect to said first diffraction surface and a first angle of reflectance relative thereto;  disposing a second nearly-perfect crystal to orient a second diffraction surface thereof orthogonally with respect to said first diffraction surface, said second diffraction surface being disposed to receive said third x-ray beam at a second angle of incidence to dynamically diffract the same and to reflect a parallel fourth x-ray beam containing a second magnification of said first magnification in a direction orthogonal to a direction of said first magnification, said fourth x-ray beam being reflected with respect to said second diffraction surface at a second angle of reflectance relative thereto; and  receiving said fourth x-ray beam at an x-ray sensitive direct detecting means for generating therefrom an output corresponding to a two-dimensional second magnified image.  applying a parallel first x-ray beam of predetermined energy and brilliance to a portion of the specimen to generate a parallel second x-ray beam which contains an initial image relating to the specimen;  positioning a first nearly perfect crystal to orient a first diffraction surface thereof to receive said second x-ray beam at a predetermined first angle of incidence to dynamically diffract the same to generate a parallel third x-ray beam containing a first magnification of said initial image and reflecting said third x-ray beam with respect to said first diffraction surface at a first angle of reflectance relative thereto;  disposing a second nearly perfect crystal to orient a second diffraction surface thereof orthogonally with respect to said first diffraction surface, said second diffraction surface being disposed to receive said third x-ray beam at a predetermined second angle of incidence to dynamically diffract the same and to reflect a parallel fourth x-ray beam containing a second magnification of said first magnification in a direction orthogonal to a direction of said first magnification, said fourth x-ray beam being reflected with respect to said second diffraction surface at a second angle of reflectance relative thereto;  receiving said fourth x-ray beam at an x-ray sensitive direct detecting means for generating therefrom data corresponding to a two-dimensional second magnified image; and  rotating the specimen through a predetermined angle to thereby generated additional two-dimensional magnification data for processing into a three-dimensional image of the specimen. 2. The system according to claim 1, further comprising: 3. The system according to claim 1, wherein: 4. The system according to claim 1, wherein: 5. The system according to claim 1, further comprising: 6. The system according to claim 1, further comprising: 7. The system according to claim 1, further comprising: 8. The system according to claim 7, wherein: 9. The system according to claim 8, further comprising: 10. A system for obtaining a three-dimensionally magnified high-resolution image of a specimen, comprising: 11. A method for obtaining a two-dimensionally magnified high-resolution image of a specimen, comprising the steps of: 12. A method for obtaining a three-dimensionally magnified high-resolution image of a specimen, comprising the steps of: