Patent Number: 
Section: claims

1. A proton beam guidance apparatus useful to provide a micro-beam of protons, comprising:a proton beam guide having defined therein an enclosed channel having scattering centers located on an interior surface of said enclosed channel, said enclosed channel having an internal cross sectional dimension of tens of nanometers or less, said enclosed channel configured in the shape of a helix, said proton beam guide having an input port configured to accept protons from a proton source, and having an output port configured to provide a proton beam having a beam width of a dimension comparable to said internal cross sectional dimension of said enclosed channel. 2. The proton beam guidance apparatus of claim 1, wherein said proton beam guide is fabricated from a glass. 3. The proton beam guidance apparatus of claim 1, wherein said proton beam guide is fabricated from an insulator having a conductive coating applied to a surface of said insulator. 4. The proton beam guidance apparatus of claim 1, wherein said proton beam guide is fabricated from an electrically conductive material. 5. The proton beam guidance apparatus of claim 4, wherein said electrically conductive material comprises a metal. 6. The proton beam guidance apparatus of claim 4, wherein said electrically conductive material comprises carbon. 7. The proton beam guidance apparatus of claim 6, wherein said electrically conductive material that comprises carbon is a carbon nanotube. 8. The proton beam guidance apparatus of claim 1, wherein said proton beam guide comprises a plurality of atoms having atomic number Z above 72 located on said interior surface of said enclosed channel. 9. The proton beam guidance apparatus of claim 1, wherein said enclosed channel is an annular channel. 10. The proton beam guidance apparatus of claim 9, wherein said annular channel has a circular cross section. 11. A proton beam guiding method, comprising the steps of:providing a proton beam guide having defined therein an enclosed channel having scattering centers located on an interior surface of said enclosed channel, said enclosed channel having an internal cross sectional dimension of tens of nanometers or less, said enclosed channel configured in the shape of a helix, said proton beam guide having an input port configured to accept protons from a proton source, and having an output port configured to provide a proton beam having a beam width of a dimension comparable to said internal cross sectional dimension of said enclosed channel;applying a supply of protons having energy measured in tens to hundreds of MeV to said input port of said proton beam guide; andreceiving from said output port of said proton beam guide a beam of protons having a beam width of comparable dimension to said internal cross sectional dimension of said enclosed channel. 12. The proton beam guiding method of claim 11, further comprising the step of measuring said received proton beam with respect to one or more of a fluence, an energy, a dose, and a beam width. 13. The proton beam guiding method of claim 11, further comprising the step of using said received proton beam to provide medical treatment to a patient. 14. The proton beam guiding method of claim 11, wherein said proton beam guide is fabricated from a glass. 15. The proton beam guiding method of claim 11, wherein said proton beam guide is fabricated from an insulator having a conductive coating applied to a surface of said insulator. 16. The proton beam guiding method of claim 11, wherein said proton beam guide is fabricated from an electrically conductive material. 17. The proton beam guiding method of claim 16, wherein said electrically conductive material comprises a metal. 18. The proton beam guiding method of claim 16, wherein said electrically conductive material comprises carbon. 19. The proton beam guiding method of claim 18, wherein said electrically conductive material that comprises carbon is a carbon nanotube. 20. The proton beam guiding method of claim 11, wherein said proton beam guide comprises a plurality of atoms having atomic number Z above 72 located on said interior surface of said enclosed channel.