Patent Number: 043226221
Section: claims

1. A device for the achromatic magnetic deflection of a beam of charged accelerated particles, comprising at least one electromagnet having pole pieces delimiting air gaps in which are created magnetic fields having the same direction and specific values so as to obtain paths of particles having the form of loops whose lengths are a function of the momentum of the particles, said pole pieces forming a first, a second and a third magnetic sector disposed one after the other and joined together, the whole of these magnetic sectors having a plane of symmetry perpendicular to the plane of the mean path of said beam of particles, and intersecting this plane along an axis XX, forming an axis of symmetry, and magnetic deflection device presenting successively to the beam of particles a flat input face E, a first curved face F.sub.1, a second curved face F.sub.2 and a flat output face S, said input E and output S faces forming therebetween an angle 2.alpha., said identical curved faces F.sub.1 and F.sub.2 as well as said axis of symmetry XX being substantially orthogonal to the different paths of said particles, the values of said magnetic inductions created in the first and third magnetic sectors being respectively equal to KB.sub.o, B.sub.o being the value of the magnetic induction in the second magnetic sector and K a numerical co-efficient less than 1. 2. A magnetic deflection device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the radius of curvature r.sub.1 of the paths of the particles in the first and third magnetic sectors and the radius of curvature r.sub.2 of the paths in the second intermediate magnetic sector are bound by the relationship: ##EQU5## r.sub.1 and r.sub.2 depending, for specific magnetic induction values in the different magnetic sectors, on the momentum of said particles, b being the distance separating the mean incident path from the intersection point I of input face E with the axis of symmetry XX of the magnetic deflection device,  .theta. being the total angle of deflection of the particles in the first and third magnetic sectors, this angle .theta. depending on the momentum of said particles, for specific values of the magnetic induction,  R being the radius of curvature of curved faces F.sub.1 and F.sub.2 respectively common to the first and second magnetic sectors, and to the second and third magnetic sectors,  and wherein the deflection angle 2.phi. of the particles in the second magnetic sector is equal to 2[.pi.-(.alpha.+.theta.)]. 3. A magnetic deflection device as claimed in claim 2, wherein a pair of pole pieces is provided whose form and dimensions are such that they delimit three successive contiguous magnetic sectors M.sub.1, M.sub.2, M.sub.3, in which are respectively created magnetic inductions of value (B.sub.o /2), B.sub.o, (B.sub.o /2), the ratio K=(r.sub.2 /r.sub.1) being substantially equal to 0.5, wherein angle 2.alpha. is substantially equal to (.pi./2), and wherein the radius of curvature R of the intermediate faces F.sub.1, F.sub.2 is substantially equal to 2b. 4. A magnetic deflection device as claimed in claim 3, wherein the air gap of the magnetic sector M.sub.2 has a height equal to half of the height of magnetic sectors M.sub.1 and M.sub.3. 5. A magnetic deflection device as claimed in claim 3, wherein the angles .theta. corresponding to the different paths are between 60.degree. and 110.degree.. 6. A magnetic deflection device as claimed in claim 2, wherein a pair of pole pieces are provided whose form and dimensions are such that they delimit three successive contiguous magnetic sectors M.sub.10, M.sub.20, M.sub.30, in which are created respectively magnetic fields of values substantially equal to 0.36 B.sub.o, B.sub.o, 0.36 B.sub.o, the ratio (r.sub.2 /r.sub.1) of the radius of curvature r.sub.2 of the paths in magnetic sector M.sub.20 and of the radius of curvature r.sub.1 of the paths in magnetic sectors M.sub.10 and M.sub.30 being substantially equal to 0.36, said angle .alpha. being substantially equal to .pi./3, and said radius of curvature R.sub.10 of the intermediate faces F.sub.10, F.sub.20 being substantially equal to 1.58 b. 7. A magnetic deflection device as claimed in claim 6, wherein the height of the air gap of magnetic sector M.sub.20 is substantially equal to a third of the height of magnetic sectors M.sub.10 and M.sub.30. 8. A magnetic deflection device as claimed in claim 6, wherein the angles of rotation .theta. of the particles of different energies in magnetic sectors M.sub.10 and M.sub.30 are between 55.degree. and 100.degree.. 9. A magnetic deflection device as claimed in 3, wherein each of the pole pieces is formed by a first element a.sub.1, made from a magnetic material on which is fixed a second element c placed so as to reduce the air gap of the pole pieces corresponding to said intermediat magnetic sector and having the form of the intermediate magnetic sector. 10. A magnetic deflection device as claimed in claim 6, wherein each of the pole pieces is formed by a first element a.sub.1 made from a magnetic material on which is fixed a second element c placed so as to reduce the air gap of the pole pieces corresponding to the intermediate magnetic sector and having the form of said intermediate magnetic sector.