Patent Number: 
Section: claims

1. A nondestructive inspection system comprising:a plate that holds a sample;a plurality of radiation detectors positioned in predetermined directions relative to the sample held by the plate;a photon beam irradiation part that irradiates the sample held by the plate with a plurality of types of quasi-monochromatic photon beams having differing energies and whose planes of polarization are each controlled, the quasi-monochromatic photon beams being made to be coaxial;a drive part that relatively moves the plate and the photon beam irradiation part;a control processing part that controls the drive part and to which detection signals from the plurality of radiation detectors are inputted; anda display part;wherein the plurality of radiation detectors are positioned in directions that allow for detection of nuclear resonance fluorescence (NRF) gamma rays emitted from an isotope within the sample in emission directions that are dependent on the planes of polarization of the plurality of types of quasi-monochromatic photon beams with which the sample is irradiated,wherein the control processing part identifies an isotope of interest that is present in a quasi-monochromatic photon beam irradiated region in the sample based on the detection signals of the plurality of radiation detectors, andwherein a spatial distribution of the isotope is visualized and displayed on the display part. 2. The nondestructive inspection system according to claim 1, wherein the photon beam irradiation part comprises:an electron beam accelerator that generates an electron beam of a predetermined energy;a first laser light source that generates laser light of a first wavelength and having a first polarization;a second laser light source that generates laser light of a second wavelength and having a second polarization;an optical system that causes the laser light of the first wavelength and the laser light of the second wavelength to collide, as coaxial light, with the electron beam at a first angle; anda collimator that transmits a first polarized photon beam generated in a second angular direction relative to the electron beam due to the collision between the electron beam and the laser light of the first wavelength, and a second polarized photon beam generated in the second angular direction due to the collision between the electron beam and the laser light of the second wavelength. 3. The nondestructive inspection system according to claim 2, wherein the control processing part controls the first laser light source and the second laser light source to generate pulsed light, each with a different time structure, to be generated as the laser light of the first wavelength and the laser light of the second wavelength. 4. The nondestructive inspection system according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of types of quasi-monochromatic photon beams have their energies and planes of polarization defined in such a manner that a plurality of NRF gamma rays are emitted in different directions from a single or a plurality of nuclear levels of a single or a plurality of isotopes in the sample due to irradiation by the photon beams. 5. The nondestructive inspection system according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of radiation detectors are positioned, relative to the sample, in directions parallel to and/or directions perpendicular to the planes of polarization of the plurality of types of quasi-monochromatic photon beams with which the sample is irradiated, or at arbitrary angles. 6. The nondestructive inspection system according to claim 1, further comprising a photon intensity monitor that detects an intensity of the plurality of types of quasi-monochromatic photon beams with which the sample is irradiated. 7. The nondestructive inspection system according to claim 1, wherein the isotope of interest comprises an isotope of an element that forms an explosive, including carbon-12, nitrogen-14, and oxygen-16. 8. The nondestructive inspection system according to claim 1, wherein the energies of the plurality of types of quasi-monochromatic photon beams emitted from the photon beam irradiation part are equal to or less than a neutron emission energy. 9. The nondestructive inspection system according to claim 1, wherein the drive part drives the plate in such a manner that the sample held by the plate is scanned by the plurality of types of quasi-monochromatic photon beams emitted from the photon beam irradiation part. 10. The nondestructive inspection system according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of types of quasi-monochromatic photon beams are laser-Compton scattering (LCS) photon beams generated using a polarization of laser light, and the planes of polarization thereof are selected in accordance with a constituent element of an object to be inspected or with the type of isotope to be inspected. 11. The nondestructive inspection system according to claim 1, wherein the planes of polarization and energies of the plurality of types of quasi-monochromatic photon beams are controlled in such a manner that the NRF gamma rays are emitted in desired directions in accordance with a transition model that is determined by the nuclear structure of an isotope in the sample. 12. The nondestructive inspection system according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of radiation detectors positioned in pre-defined directions to detect the NRF gamma rays utilizing anisotropy of the emission directions of the NRF gamma rays. 13. The nondestructive inspection system according to claim 1, wherein the count rate per radiation detector is lowered by dispersing the emission directions of the NRF gamma rays emitted from a nuclear level of an isotope in the sample in a manner dependent on the planes of polarization of the plurality of types of quasi-monochromatic photon beams with which the sample is irradiated. 14. The nondestructive inspection system according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of radiation detectors positioned in different directions relative to the sample detects the plurality of NRF gamma rays emitted from nuclear levels of the isotopes with close energies. 15. The nondestructive inspection system according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of radiation detectors comprise scintillator detectors. 16. The nondestructive inspection system according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of radiation detectors are structured to detect the NRF gamma rays of or below a neutron generation threshold. 17. The nondestructive inspection system according to claim 1, wherein the photon beam irradiation part comprises:an electron beam accelerator that generates an electron beam of a predetermined energy;a plurality of laser light sources; anda collimator extracting a plurality of polarized LCS photon beams generated, due to the collision, in a second angular direction, whereintwo or more types of polarized laser light with differing wavelengths generated from the plurality of laser light sources are made to collide, as coaxial light, with the electron beam at a first angle. 18. The nondestructive inspection system according to claim 17, wherein the plurality of laser light sources are configured to provide adjustment of the energies of the polarized LCS photon beams. 19. The nondestructive inspection system according to claim 17, wherein the collimator is configured to be adjustable in position, thus enabling position adjustment of the collimator before starting measurement.