Patent Number: 
Section: claims

1. A channel-cut monochromator for X-rays manufactured by processing grooves on a single crystal block to have a plurality of reflecting surfaces, wherein: (a) said channel-cut monochromator comprises at least two kinds of reflecting surface pairs, which have different reflection Miller indices, processed on a common single crystal block, each of said reflecting surface pairs being composed of a first reflecting surface and a second reflecting surface between which X-rays are reflected an even-number times;  (b) any one of said reflecting surface pairs has said first reflecting surface and said second reflecting surface both of which are perpendicular to a common reference plane;  (c) said channel-cut monochromator is rotatable around an axis of rotation perpendicular to said reference plane; and  (d) an X-ray beam incident on any one of said reflecting surface pairs or an extension line thereof is tangent to a common imaginary circle whose center coincides with said axis of rotation. 2. A channel-cut monochromator according to  claim 1 , further comprising a direct path through which an X-ray beam passes without contact with any reflecting surface, and which is tangent to said imaginary circle. claim 1 3. A channel-cut monochromator according to  claim 1 , wherein at least one of said reflecting surface pairs comprises at least one asymmetrical reflecting surface. claim 1 4. A channel-cut monochromator for X-rays manufactured by processing grooves on a single crystal block to have a plurality of reflecting surfaces, wherein: (a) said channel-cut monochromator comprises at least two kinds of reflecting surface pairs processed on a common single crystal block, each of said reflecting surface pairs being composed of a first reflecting surface and a second reflecting surface between which X-rays are reflected an even-number times;  (b) any one of said reflecting surface pairs has said first reflecting surface and said second reflecting surface both of which are perpendicular to a common reference plane;  (c) said channel-cut monochromator is rotatable around an axis of rotation perpendicular to said reference plane; and  (d) an X-ray beam incident on any one of said reflecting surface pairs or an extension line thereof is tangent to a common imaginary circle whose center coincides with said axis of rotation; and  wherein at least one of said reflecting surface pairs comprises at least one asymmetrical reflecting surface, and said asymmetrical reflecting surface is capable of condensing an X-ray beam width. 5. A channel-cut monochromator for X-rays manufactured by processing grooves on a single crystal block to have a plurality of reflecting surfaces, wherein: (a) said channel-cut monochromator comprises at least two kinds of reflecting surface pairs processed on a common single crystal block, each of said reflecting surface pairs being composed of a first reflecting surface and a second reflecting surface between which X-rays are reflected an even-number times;  (b) any one of said reflecting surface pairs has said first reflecting surface and said second reflecting surface both of which are perpendicular to a common reference plane;  (c) said channel-cut monochromator is rotatable around an axis of rotation perpendicular to said reference plane; and  (d) an X-ray beam incident on any one of said reflecting surface pairs or an extension line thereof is tangent to a common imaginary circle whose center coincides with said axis of rotation; and  wherein said channel-cut monochromator comprises at least five kinds of reflecting surface pairs. 6. A channel-cut monochromator according to  claim 5 , wherein said block is made of silicon or germanium single crystal and comprises at least five kinds of reflecting surface pairs for reflection. claim 5 7. A channel-cut monochromator according to  claim 6 , further comprising a direct path through which an X-ray beam passes without contact with any reflecting surface, and which is tangent to said imaginary circle. claim 6 8. A channel-cut monochromator according to  claim 6 , wherein at least one of said reflecting surface pairs comprises at least one asymmetrical reflecting surface. claim 6 9. A channel-cut monochromator according to  claim 8 , wherein said asymmetrical reflecting surface is capable of condensing an X-ray beam width. claim 8 10. A channel-cut monochromator according to  claim 8 , wherein one of said reflecting surface pairs for reflection comprises at least one asymmetrical reflecting surfaces. claim 8 11. A channel-cut monochromator according to  claim 10 , wherein said reflecting surface pair for reflection comprises one asymmetrical reflecting surface and one symmetrical reflecting surface. claim 10 12. A channel-cut monochromator according to  claim 10 , wherein said reflecting surface pair for reflection comprises two asymmetrical reflecting surfaces. claim 10 13. A channel-cut monochromator for X-rays manufactured by processing grooves on a single crystal block to have a plurality of reflecting surfaces, wherein: (a) said channel-cut monochromator comprises at least two kinds of reflecting surface pairs processed on a common single crystal block, each of said reflecting surface pairs being composed of a first reflecting surface and a second reflecting surface between which X-rays are reflected an even-number times;  (b) any one of said reflecting surface pairs has said first reflecting surface and said second reflecting surface both of which are perpendicular to a common reference plane;  (c) said channel-cut monochromator is rotatable around an axis of rotation perpendicular to said reference plane; and  (d) an X-ray beam incident on any one of said reflecting surface pairs or an extension line thereof is tangent to a common imaginary circle whose center coincides with said axis of rotation; and  wherein a silicon single crystal block having at least two kinds of reflecting surface pairs and a germanium single crystal block having at least two kinds of reflecting surface pairs are fixed to each other, and each block has in common said axis of rotation and said imaginary circle. 14. A channel-cut monochromator according to  claim 13 , wherein said silicon single crystal block and said germanium single crystal block each comprise at least three kinds of reflecting surface pairs for reflection. claim 13