Patent Number: 
Section: claims

1. A specimen holder comprising:a body portion having a specimen-holding surface and a hole in its bottom, the specimen-holding surface being made open to permit access from the outside, the hole being in communication with the specimen-holding surface;a film disposed to cover the hole in the body portion and having a first surface located on a side of the specimen-holding surface, the first surface forming the specimen-holding surface; anda concave tapering portion formed in the specimen-holding surface of the body portion and around the film,wherein a primary beam for observation or inspection of the specimen can be directed at the specimen via the film from a side of a second surface of the film when the specimen is held on the first surface of the film. 2. A specimen holder comprising:a body portion having a specimen-holding surface and a hole in its bottom, the specimen-holding surface being made open to permit access from the outside, the hole being in communication with the specimen-holding surface;a film disposed to cover the hole in the body portion and having a first surface located on a side of the specimen-holding surface, the first surface forming the specimen-holding surface; anda concave tapering portion formed in the specimen-holding surface of the body portion and around the film,wherein a primary beam for observation or inspection of the specimen can be directed at the specimen via the film from a side of the second surface, which is in contact with a vacuum ambient during the beam direction, of the film when the specimen is held on the first surface of the film. 3. A specimen holder as set forth in claim 1 or 2, wherein said film is formed on a frame-like member and covers an opening in the frame-like member, and wherein the frame-like member is disposed in a corresponding manner to the hole in the body portion. 4. A specimen holder as set forth in claim 1 or 2, wherein said tapering portion formed in the body portion tapers at an angle of 0 to 170 degrees. 5. A specimen holder as set forth in claim 1 or 2, wherein the tapering portion formed in the body portion is shaped like a truncated cone and has an inside minimum diameter of 1 to 10 mm. 6. A specimen holder as set forth in claim 1 or 2, wherein the tapering portion formed in the body portion has a height of 0.1 to 10 mm as measured from the first surface of said film to an upper surface of the tapering portion. 7. A specimen holder as set forth in claim 1 or 2, wherein said body portion has a step portion which is adjacent to said film and which has a surface in communication with the first surface of the film. 8. A specimen holder as set forth in claim 1 or 2, wherein cells, tissues, viruses, or germs contained in the specimen can be cultured on at least the first surface of said film. 9. A specimen holder as set forth in claim 1 or 2, wherein said film has a thickness of 10 to 1,000 nm. 10. A specimen holder as set forth in claim 1 or 2, wherein said film has a thickness of 20 to 200 nm. 11. A specimen holder as set forth in claim 1 or 2, wherein said primary beam is an electron beam or an ion beam. 12. A specimen inspection apparatus for observing or inspecting a specimen using a specimen holder as set forth in claim 1 or 2, said specimen inspection apparatus comprising:support means on which the specimen holder is placed;primary beam irradiation means for irradiating the specimen placed on the first surface of the film of the specimen holder with a primary beam via the film from a side of the second surface of the film; andsignal detection means for detecting a secondary signal produced from the specimen in response to the irradiation by the primary beam. 13. A specimen inspection apparatus as set forth in claim 12, further comprising a vacuum chamber for making the ambient in contact with the second surface of the film of the specimen holder a vacuum ambient. 14. A specimen inspection apparatus as set forth in claim 12, wherein said primary beam is an electron beam or an ion beam, and wherein said secondary signal is one type of secondary electrons, backscattered electrons, absorption current, cathodoluminescent light, and X-rays. 15. A specimen inspection apparatus as set forth in claim 12, wherein the first surface of said film is an upper surface of the film, while the second surface of the film is a lower surface of the film. 16. A specimen inspection apparatus as set forth in claim 12, further comprising optical image acquisition means for acquiring an optical image of the specimen held on the first surface of the film of said specimen holder. 17. A specimen inspection method comprising the steps of:preparing a specimen holder as set forth in claim 1;placing a specimen on the specimen-holding surface of the specimen holder;irradiating the specimen with a primary beam via the film; anddetecting a secondary signal emanating from the specimen in response to the beam irradiation. 18. A specimen inspection method as set forth in claim 17, wherein during the irradiation by the primary beam, the second surface of the film of said specimen holder is in contact with a vacuum ambient and the primary beam is directed at the specimen through the vacuum ambient. 19. A specimen inspection method as set forth in claim 17, wherein said primary beam is an electron beam or an ion beam, and wherein said secondary signal is one type of secondary electrons, backscattered electrons, absorption current, cathodoluminescent light, and X-rays.