Patent Number: 056404344
Section: claims

1. A miniaturized nuclear reactor utilizing improved pressure tube structural member comprising: a) a moderator (20) having: a top reactor wall, a bottom reactor wall, a reactor front wall, a reactor back wall, and two reactor side walls;  b) at least one calandria tube (12) contained within the moderator (20);  c) at least one fuel channel pressure tube (14) contained within the at least one calandria tube (12), the fuel channel pressure tube (14) further comprises: a fuel channel pressure tube coating (14A), the at least one fuel channel pressure tube (14) further comprises a fuel channel pressure tube lining (14B) and a fuel channel pressure tube cladding (14C);  d) at least one fuel bundle (26) contained within the at least one fuel channel pressure tube (14);  e) at least one fuel channel pressure tube pad (18) positioned between the at least one calandria tube (12) and the at least one fuel channel pressure tube (14), the fuel channel pressure tube pad (18) further comprises a pair of fuel channel pressure tube pad vertical spacers (18A) which are at an obtuse angle to each of a pair of fuel channel pressure tube pad ends (18B), the fuel channel pressure tube pad (18) further comprises a fuel channel pressure tube pad horizontal spacer (18C) connected at opposite distal ends to each one of the fuel channel pressure tube pad vertical spacers (18A);  f) at least one horizontal exterior support pad (30) positioned on the bottom reactor wall, the at least one horizontal exterior support pad (30) is positioned between the at least one calandria tube (12) and the bottom reactor wall;  g) at least one fuel bundle support pad (16) positioned between the at least one fuel bundle (26) and the at least one fuel channel pressure tube (14);  h) at least one vertical support pad (24) positioned on a reactor side wall between the at least one calandria tube (12) and the reactor side wall;  I) at least one angular support pad (28) positioned on a corner formed between the reactor top wall and the reactor side wall, the at least one angular support pad (28) extending angularly from the corner, the at least one angular support pad functioning to maintain a space between the at least one calandria tube (12) and the reactor top and side walls;  j) at least one moderator system comprises: at least one moderator inlet, at least one moderator outlet, at least one moderator pump, and at least one moderator cooler;  k) at least one coolant system which comprises: at least one coolant inlet, at least one coolant outlet, and at least one coolant gas fan;  l) at least one heat exchanger system which comprises: at least one inlet, at least one outlet, at least one turbine, at least one generator, at least one condenser, and at least one feed water pump.  a) a moderator (20) having: a top reactor wall, a bottom reactor wall, a reactor front wall, a reactor back wall, two reactor side walls, and a reactor horizontal interior wall;  b) a pair of calandria tubes (12) which comprise an upper calandria tube and a lower calandria tube contained within the moderator (20);  c) a pair of fuel channel pressure tubes (14) which comprise an upper fuel channel pressure tube contained within the upper calandria tube and a lower channel pressure tube contained within the lower calandria tube;  d) a pair of fuel bundles (26) which comprise an upper fuel bundle contained within the upper fuel channel pressure tube and a lower fuel bundle contained within the lower fuel channel pressure tube;  e) at least two fuel channel pressure tube pads (18) which comprise an upper fuel channel pressure tube pad positioned between the upper calandria tube and the upper fuel channel pressure tube and a lower fuel channel pressure tube pad positioned between the lower calandria tube and the lower fuel channel pressure tube;  f) at least one horizontal exterior support pad (30) positioned on the bottom reactor wall, the at least one horizontal exterior support pad (30) is positioned between the lower calandria tube and the bottom reactor wall;  g) at least two fuel bundle support pads (16) which comprise an upper fuel bundle support pad positioned between the upper fuel bundle and the upper fuel channel pressure tube and a lower fuel bundle support pad positioned between the lower fuel bundle and the lower fuel channel pressure tube;  h) at least two vertical support pads (24) which comprise an upper vertical support pad positioned on an upper reactor side wall between the upper calandria tube and the upper reactor side wall and a lower vertical support pad positioned on a lower reactor side wall between the lower calandria tube and the lower reactor side wall;  I) at least two angular support pads (28) which comprise an upper angular support pad positioned on a corner formed between the reactor top wall and the reactor side wall the upper angular support pad extending angularly from the corner and a lower angular support pad positioned on a corner formed between the reactor bottom wall and the reactor side wall, the lower angular support pad extending angularly from the corner, the upper angular support pad functioning to maintain a space between the upper calandria tube and the reactor top and side walls, the lower angular support pad functioning to maintain a space between the lower calandria tube and the reactor bottom and side walls;  j) at least one horizontal interior support pad (22) positioned between an upper calandria tube and the at least one reactor horizontal interior wall;  k) at least one moderator system comprises: at least one moderator inlet, at least one moderator outlet, at least one moderator pump, and at least one moderator cooler;  l) at least one coolant system which comprises: at least one coolant inlet, at least one coolant outlet, and at least one coolant gas fan; and  m) at least one heat exchanger system which comprises: at least one inlet, at least one outlet, at least one turbine, at least one generator, at least one condenser, and at least one feed water pump.  A) a first fuel bundle proximal end plate (40AA) having a plurality of first fuel bundle proximal end plate fuel element end fasteners (40AAA), further having a plurality of first fuel bundle proximal end plate ports (40AAB), still further having a first fuel bundle proximal end plate indent (40AAC), yet still further having a first fuel bundle proximal end plate opening (40AAD);  B) a second fuel bundle distal end plate (40BA) having a plurality of second fuel bundle distal end plate fuel element end fasteners (40BAA), a plurality of second fuel bundle distal end plate ports (40BAB), a second fuel bundle distal end plate indent (40BAC) and a second fuel bundle distal end plate opening (40BAD);  C) a fuel bundle support (40D) having a fuel bundle support proximal end (40DA), a fuel bundle support proximal end spacer (40DB), a fuel bundle support distal end (40DC), a fuel bundle support distal end spacer (40DD), a fuel bundle support spacer tube (40DE), a fuel bundle support rod (40DF), and a fuel bundle support nut (40DG); and  D) a plurality of fuel elements (40C) each having a proximal and distal end, the proximal end of each fuel element (40C) affixed within each of the first fuel bundle proximal end plate fuel element end fasteners (40AAA) and the distal end of each fuel element (40C) affixed within each of the second fuel bundle distal end plate fuel element end fasteners (40BAA).  a) a moderator (20) having: a left top reactor wall, a right top reactor wall, a bottom left reactor wall, a bottom right reactor wall, a reactor front wall, a reactor back wall, a reactor upper left exterior side wall, a reactor lower left exterior side wall, a reactor upper right exterior side wall, a reactor lower right exterior side wall, at least one reactor horizontal interior wall having a reactor horizontal interior left and right wall, and at least one reactor vertical interior wall having a reactor vertical interior upper and lower wall, the moderator (20) divided into at least four compartments which comprise an upper left compartment, an upper right compartment, a lower left compartment, and a lower right compartment, the upper left compartment being bordered at the bottom by a reactor left horizontal interior wall and a reactor upper vertical interior wall and a reactor upper left exterior side wall and a reactor left top wall, the upper right compartment is bordered at the bottom by a reactor right horizontal interior wall and a reactor upper vertical interior wall and a reactor upper right exterior side wall and a reactor upper right top wall, the lower left compartment is bordered at the bottom by a reactor left bottom wall and a reactor left horizontal interior wall and a reactor lower vertical interior wall and a reactor lower left exterior side wall and a reactor left bottom wall, the lower right compartment is bordered at the bottom by a reactor right bottom wall and a reactor right horizontal interior wall and a reactor lower right exterior side wall and a reactor right bottom wall;  b) at least four calandria tubes (12) which comprise an upper left calandria tube, upper right calandria tube, a lower left calandria tube, and a lower right calandria tube contained within the upper left, upper right, lower left, and lower right compartments, respectively, of the moderator (20);  c) at least four fuel channel pressure tubes (14) each fuel channel pressure tube contained within each of the calandria tubes;  d) at least four fuel bundles (26) each fuel bundle contained within each of the fuel channel pressure tubes;  e) at least four fuel channel pressure tube pads (18) each fuel channel pressure tube pad positioned between each of the calandria tubes and each of the fuel channel pressure tubes;  f) at least two horizontal exterior support pad (30), one horizontal exterior support pad positioned on the left bottom reactor wall and the other horizontal exterior support pad positioned on the right bottom reactor wall, the horizontal exterior support pads (30) are positioned between the lower left and lower right calandria tubes and the bottom left and bottom right reactor walls, respectively;  g) at least four fuel bundle support pads (16), each bundle support pad positioned between each of the fuel bundles and each of the fuel channel pressure tubes;  h) at least two vertical support pads (24) which comprise an upper vertical support pad positioned on an upper reactor vertical interior wall between the upper left and upper right calandria tubes and a lower vertical support pad positioned on a lower reactor side wall between the lower left and lower right calandria tubes;  I) at least four angular support pads (28) which comprise an upper left angular support pad positioned on a corner formed between the reactor left top wall and the reactor upper left exterior side wall, the upper left angular support pad extending angularly from the corner and an upper right angular support pad positioned on a corner formed between the reactor right top wall and the reactor upper right exterior side wall, the upper right angular support pad extending angularly from the corner, and a lower left angular support pad positioned on a corner formed between the reactor left bottom wall and the reactor lower left exterior side wall, the lower left angular support pad extending angularly from the corner, and a lower right angular support pad positioned on a corner formed between the reactor right bottom wall and the reactor lower right exterior side wall, the lower right angular support pad extending angularly from the corner, the angular support pads functioning to maintain a space between the calandria tube and the reactor walls;  j) at least two horizontal interior support pads (22), one horizontal interior support pad positioned within the left reactor horizontal interior wall and the other horizontal interior support pad positioned within the right reactor horizontal interior wall, the left horizontal interior support pad functioning to maintain a space between the upper left and lower left calandria tubes, and right horizontal interior support pad functioning to maintain a space between the upper right and lower right calandria tubes;  k) at least one moderator system which comprises: at least one moderator inlet, at least one moderator outlet, at least one moderator pump, and at least one moderator cooler;  l) at least one coolant system which comprises: at least one coolant inlet, at least one coolant outlet, and at least one coolant gas fan; and  m) at least one heat exchanger system which comprises: at least one inlet, at least one outlet, at least one turbine, at least one generator, at least one condenser, and at least one feed water pump.  a) a moderator (20) having: a top reactor wall, a bottom reactor wall, a reactor front wall, a reactor back wall, and two reactor side walls:  b) at least one second calandria tube (112) having a plurality of second calandria tube compartments (112A) securely affixed around an inside perimeter contained within the moderator (20);  c) at least one second fuel channel pressure tube (114) having a plurality of second fuel channel pressure tube compartments (114A) securely affixed around an outside perimeter, the plurality of second calandria tube compartments (112A) and the plurality of second fuel channel pressure tube compartments (114A) opposing each other in an interlocking configuration, the at least one second fuel channel pressure tube (114) is contained within the at least one second calandria tube (112),  d) at least one fuel bundle (26) contained within the at least one second fuel channel pressure tube (114);  e) at least one second fuel channel pressure tube support pad (113) having a second fuel channel pressure tube support pad end (113A), a second fuel channel pressure tube support pad spacer (113B), a second fuel channel pressure tube support pad concave (113C), a second fuel channel pressure tube support pad convex (113D), a second fuel channel pressure tube support pad groove (113E), and a second fuel channel pressure tube support pad opening (113F) positioned between the at least one calandria tube (12) and the at least one second fuel channel pressure tube (114);  f) at least one horizontal exterior support pad (30) positioned on the bottom reactor wall, the at least one horizontal exterior support pad (30) is positioned between the at least one second calandria tube (112) and the bottom reactor wall;  g) at least one fuel bundle support pad (16) positioned between the at least one fuel bundle (26) and the at least one fuel channel pressure tube (14);  h) at least one vertical support pad (24) positioned on a reactor side wall between the at least one calandria tube (12) and the reactor side wall;  i) at least one angular support pad (28) positioned on a corner formed between the reactor top wall and the reactor side wall, the at least one angular support pad (28) extending angularly from the corner, the at least one angular support pad functioning to maintain a space between the at least one calandria tube (12) and the reactor top and side walls;  j) at least one moderator system comprises: at least one moderator inlet, at least one moderator outlet, at least one moderator pump, and at least one moderator cooler;  k) at least one coolant system which comprises: at least one coolant inlet, at least one coolant outlet, and at least one coolant gas fan; and  l) at least one heat exchanger system which comprises: at least one inlet, at least one outlet, at least one turbine, at least one generator, at least one condenser, and at least one feed water pump. 2. The miniaturized nuclear reactor utilizing improved pressure tube structural members as described in claim 1, wherein the moderator (20) further comprises: 3. The miniaturized nuclear reactor utilizing improved pressure tube structural members as described in claim 1, wherein the calandria tube (12) further comprises: a calandria tube coating (12A); a calandria tube lining (12B); and a calandria tube cladding 12C. 4. The miniaturized nuclear reactor utilizing improved pressure tube structural members as described in claim 1, wherein the fuel bundle (16) further comprises a pair of fuel bundle support pad spacers (16A) positioned at opposite distal ends of a fuel bundle support pad strap (16B). 5. The miniaturized nuclear reactor utilizing improved pressure tube structural members as described in claim 1, wherein the at least one fuel bundle (26) is manufactured from glass. 6. The miniaturized nuclear reactor utilizing improved pressure tube structural members as described in claim 2, wherein the horizontal interior support pad further comprises: a horizontal interior support pad proximal end (22A), a horizontal interior support pad distal end (22B), a horizontal interior support pad groove (22C), and a horizontal interior support pad concave (22D), the horizontal interior support pad groove (22C) fitting snugly around a reactor horizontal interior wall, the horizontal interior support pad concave (22D) functioning as a cradle upon which the upper calandria tube rests upon. 7. The miniaturized nuclear reactor utilizing improved pressure tube structural members as described in claim 6, wherein the horizontal interior support pad further comprises: a horizontal interior support pad coating (22E), a horizontal interior support pad lining (22F), and a horizontal interior support pad cladding (22G). 8. The miniaturized nuclear reactor utilizing improved pressure tube structural members as described in claim 1, wherein the angular support pad (28) further comprises: an angular support pad top member (28A) and an angular support pad bottom member (28B), the angular support pad top member (28A) abutting the calandria tube (12), and the angular support pad bottom member (28B) securely fastened to the corner. 9. The miniaturized nuclear reactor utilizing improved pressure tube structural members as described in claim 1, wherein the horizontal exterior support pad (30) further comprises a horizontal exterior support pad end (30A), a horizontal exterior support pad fastener (30B), and a horizontal exterior support pad concave (30C), the horizontal exterior support pad fastener (30B) securely affixes the horizontal exterior support pad (30) to the reactor bottom wall, and the horizontal exterior support pad concave (30C) functioning as a cradle within which the calandria tube (12) rests. 10. The miniaturized nuclear reactor utilizing improved pressure tube structural members as described in claim 1, wherein the fuel bundle (40) further comprises: 11. The miniaturized nuclear reactor utilizing improved pressure tube structural members as described in claim 1, wherein the moderator (20) further comprises: 12. The miniaturized nuclear reactor utilizing improved pressure tube structural members as described in claim 11, wherein the vertical support pad (24) further comprises at least two vertical support pads (24) which comprise an upper vertical support pad and a lower vertical support pad, the upper and lower vertical support pads are securely affixed within the reactor upper interior vertical wall and the reactor lower interior wall, respectively, each of the vertical support pads (24) having a vertical support pad proximal end (24A), a vertical support pad distal end (24B), a vertical support pad groove (24C), and a vertical support pad concave (24D), the vertical support pad groove (24C) fitting snugly around a upper reactor vertical interior wall and a lower reactor vertical interior wall, respectively, the vertical support pad concave (24D) of the upper vertical support pad functioning as a cradle upon which the interior sides of the upper left calandria tube and the upper right calandria tube rests upon, the lower vertical support pad functioning as a cradle upon which the interior sides of the lower left calandria tube and the lower right calandria tube rests upon. 13. The miniaturized nuclear reactor utilizing improved pressure tube structural members as described in claim 1, wherein the reactor further comprises: a least one joint connector (48) having a joint connector tread (48A), a joiner ring (50) with a joiner ring thread (50), the joint connector tread (48A) connects to the joiner ring thread (50) and a service tube (52) connected to the joiner ring (50) functioning for refueling of the reactor. 14. The miniaturized nuclear reactor utilizing improved pressure tube structural members as described in claim 2, wherein the calandria tubes further comprise a fuel compartment pressure tube (17) therebetween. 15. A miniaturized nuclear reactor utilizing improved pressure tube structural members comprising: 16. The miniaturized nuclear reactor utilizing improved pressure tube structural members as described in claim 15, wherein the at least one fuel bundle (26) is manufactured from glass.