Patent Number: 
Section: claims

1. An electron microscope, comprising:an electron gun;an objective lens configured to focus an electron beam emitted from the electron gun on a sample;a spherical aberration corrector configured to correct a spherical aberration of the objective lens; anda phase plate configured to have a thickness which continuously changes in a radial direction,wherein a phase difference due to a difference in electron beam path of the electron beam passing through the objective lens is eliminated by the phase plate. 2. The electron microscope according to claim 1, further comprising a mechanism which is capable of automatically performing axis adjustment of a phase adjusting mechanism. 3. The electron microscope according to claim 1 wherein the phase plate is a conductive crystalline phase plate. 4. The electron microscope according to claim 1, wherein the phase plate is a conductive amorphous phase plate. 5. The electron microscope according to claim 1, further comprising a phase plate supporting mechanism including:a mechanism for adjusting a tilt, a position, and/or a height of the phase plate; anda mechanism for adjusting temperature. 6. The electron microscope according to claim 1, further comprising—a phase plate chamber,an electron beam passage port,a gas introduction pipe,a gas flow adjustment valve, andan exhaust apparatus, for adjusting a gas species pressure in the vicinity of the phase plate. 7. An electron beam phase adjuster, which is used for the electron microscope according to claim 1. 8. The electron microscope according to claim 1, wherein the electron microscope is any one of: a phase difference electron microscope; a transmission electron microscope which is configured by combining the phase difference electron microscope and a spherical aberration corrector; a scanning electron microscope; a scanning transmission electron microscope; and a transmission electron microscope. 9. The electron microscope according to claim 1, wherein the phase plate has a potential which changes in a radial direction. 10. The electron microscope according to claim 1, further comprising:a phase plate supporting mechanism configured to have a function of adjusting a potential. 11. The electron microscope according to claim 1, further comprising:a mechanism for performing, if a change in phase does not uniformly occur on the same concentric circle, correction of the change in phase.