Patent Number: 048448567
Section: claims

1. A process for automatic control of the boration or dilution system of the cooling water of a pressurized water nuclear reactor whose control is ensured by the vertical movement of control rods absorbing the neutrons in the core of the reactor consisting of assemblies arranged vertically and side-by-side and by the boration or dilution of the pressurized water by virtue of means of boration and means of dilution of this water, the control rods comprising at least one regulating group consisting of highly absorbing rods which are moved automatically as a function of the deviation between the means temperature of the core and a reference temperature which is a function of the power to be supplied by the reactor and of means associated with the reactor for determining the axial power imbalance in the core and the deviation of this axial imbalance relative to a reference imbalance corresponding to the minimum insertion of the control rods into the core and to the equilibrium of the xenon concentration, said process comprising the steps of (a) determining a priori operating regions of the means of boration and the means of dilution, respectively corresponding to pairs of values of two control parameters, namely, a parameter which is characteristic of the position of the regulating group in the core and the deviation in the axial power imbalance relative to the reference imbalance, said operating regions being determined to retain convenient reactor operation conditions on a continuous basis and to comply with prevailing safety standards;  (b) determining, in a continuous manner, during the operation of the reactor, the momentary value of the deviation in the axial power imbalance relative to the reference imbalance and the momentary value of the parameter which is characteristic of the position of the regulating group in the core of the reactor, forming a pair of values of the control parameters;  (c) determining the position of the pairs of values with respect to the operating regions;  (d) triggering the operation of the means of boration or the means of dilution if the pair of values of the control parameters corresponds to an operating region of the means of boration or the means of dilution, respectively, and maintaining these means at rest if the pair of values does not correspond to an operating region in the case where the means of boration and the means of dilution are initially at rest; and  (e) maintaining the operation of these means so long as the pair of values of the control parameters corresponds to an operating region of these means of boration or of dilution in the case where the means of boration or of dilution are initially operating. 2. The process for automatic regulation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the parameter which is characteristic of the position of the regulating group in the core corresponds to an imaginary position of the regulating group taking account of the movement of the regulating group required as a function of the deviation between the mean temperature of the core and the reference temperature, the means of boration and of dilution acting thereby in an anticipated fashion. 3. The process for automatic regulation as claimed in either of claims 1 or 2, wherein the dilution zone (2) comprises two parts, namely a zone (D1) in which the means of dilution are controlled so as to have a modulated action as a function of the deviation of the operating point representing the control parameters, relative to the lower limit of the dilution region, if a movement of the regulating group in the direction of withdrawal is considered, and a second zone (D2) where the dilution is carried out with a maximum flow rate, when the operating point is therein. 4. The process for automatic regulation as claimed in any one of claim 1 or 2, wherein the region of boration is divided into three parts, namely a zone (B1) where the boration can be delayed in time as a function of the value of the axial power imbalance and where the boration flow rate depends on the axial power imbalance and on the position of the regulating group relative to the upper limit of the boration zone, a zone (B2) where the boration is immediate and where the rate of boration depends on the axial power imbalance and on the position of the regulating group relative to the upper limit of the boration zone and, finally, a zone (B3) where the boration is immediate and where the boration flow rate depends only on the position of the regulating group relative to the upper limit of the boration zone. 5. The process for automatic regulation as claimed in claim 4, wherein the means of boration consist of a device for injecting, in doses, water containing boric acid, each dose having a volume which is a function of the temperature deviation between the mean temperature of the core and the reference temperature, and the time interval between the injection of two successive doses being modulated to vary the rate of boration. 6. The process for automatic regulation as claimed in claim 1 or 2, in the case where the operation of the reactor is carried out with an assembly of power control groups having reduced antireactivity and by a highly absorbing group for regulating temperature, wherein an inhibition of the means of dilution and of boration is produced in the case where the deviation between the real momentary position of the power regulating groups and the required position of these power regulating groups exceeds a certain threshold. 7. The process for automatic regulation as claimed in claim 6, wherein an inhibition of the means of dilution and of boration is produced when the highly absorbing group for regulating temperature is driven outside its working band, during a change of power greater than 2 to 3% of the power per minute and while this regulating group is returning towards its working band, while the power of the reactor is stabilized at its new value after its change.