Patent Number: 
Section: claims

1. An optical module, comprising:a first component;a second component;a supporting structure; andan anticollision device,wherein:the first component is supported by the supporting structure;the first component is arranged a distance from the second component to define a gap;the supporting structure is configured to define a path of relative movement of the first component;the first component is configured to move along the path of relative movement in a direction of approach relative to the second component under an influence of a defined mechanical disturbance;the optical module is configured so that, when the anticollision device is absent or inactive, a collision between a first collision region of the first component and a second collision region of the second component occurs;the anticollision device comprises a first anticollision unit on the first component and configured to produce a first field;the anticollision device comprises a second anticollision unit on the second component, assigned to the first anticollision unit and configured to produce a second field;the first and second anticollision units are configured so that, as the first component and the second component increasingly approach each other along the path of relative movement, the first field and the second field produce an increasing counter-force on the first component that counteracts the approach;the first anticollision unit and/or the second anticollision unit comprises a plurality of anticollision elements configured to produce partial fields; andthe anticollision elements are assigned to each other so that, during use, a superimposition of their partial fields produces a field of the anticollision unit with a field line density that decreases more sharply with increasing distance from the anticollision unit along the path of relative movement than a field line density of one of the partial fields. 2. The optical module of claim 1, wherein the optical module is configured so that, during use, at least one of the following holds:the field line density of the field of the anticollision unit decreases exponentially with the distance from the anticollision unit;the field line density of the field of the anticollision unit decreases with the distance from the anticollision unit by a power of from five to 21; andthe superimposition of the partial fields of the anticollision unit produces a real field which, in interaction with a predefined counter-field, produces a predefined counter-force on the first component only at a distance between the first collision region and the second collision region which is smaller than in a theoretical reference state, for which the amounts of the theoretical partial forces that are obtained in the direction of approach from the respective partial field without the superimposition of the partial fields are added together. 3. The optical module of claim 1, wherein the first anticollision unit comprises N first anticollision elements, the second anticollision unit comprises M second anticollision elements, and at least one of the following holds:N is equal to M;N and/or M is an even number;N equals 2 to 20; andM equals 2 to 20. 4. The optical module of claim 1, wherein the optical module is configured so that, during use, at least one of the following holds:the anticollision elements of at least one of the anticollision units, in their interior, define an inner field direction of the partial field with an inner polarity;the anticollision elements of the at least one anticollision unit are arranged in a substantially annular arrangement in a plane extending transversely; andthe anticollision elements of the at least one anticollision unit are arranged in a substantially annular arrangement in a plane perpendicular to the inner field direction of one of the anticollision elements. 5. The optical module of claim 4, wherein the optical module is configured so that, during use, at least one of the following holds:at least two anticollision elements of the at least one anticollision unit are arranged along a circumferential direction of the annular arrangement so that they have a substantially opposed inner polarity;the anticollision elements of the at least one anticollision unit, at least section wise along a circumferential direction of the annular arrangement, are arranged with alternating polarity of the inner field direction; andthe inner field directions of at least two anticollision elements of the at least one anticollision unit are substantially parallel. 6. The optical module of claim 1, wherein the optical module is configured so that, during use:in a state of rest without any influence of the mechanical disturbance, the first and second collision regions are at an at-rest distance along the direction of approach;the first and second anticollision units produce a negligible first counter-force on the first component;for the first and second collision regions, there is a predefined minimum distance along the direction of approach, below which the approach must not go under the effect of the mechanical disturbance and at which the first and second anticollision units produce a second counter-force on the first component; andfor the first and second collision regions, there is an intermediate distance along the direction of approach which is achieved under the effect of the mechanical disturbance, which lies between the at-rest distance and the minimum distance and at which the first and second anticollision units produce a third counter-force on the first component that is not negligible and has a magnitude between the first counter-force and the second counter-force. 7. The optical module of claim 6, wherein the optical module is configured so that, during use, at least one of the following holds:the minimum distance is 3% to 20% of the at-rest distance;the intermediate distance is 20% to 70% of the at-rest distance;the at-rest distance is 0.2 mm to 1.0 mm;the minimum distance is 0.015 mm to 0.1 mm; andthe intermediate distance is 0.2 mm to 0.02 mm. 8. The optical module of claim 7, wherein wherein the optical module is configured so that, during use, at least one of the following holds:the first counter-force is less than 3% to 20 of the second counter-force;the third counter-force is less than 20% to 70% of the second counter-force; andthe third counter-force is 350% to 750% of the first counter-force. 9. The optical module of claim 6, wherein wherein the optical module is configured so that, during use, at least one of the following holds:the first counter-force is less than 3% to 20 of the second counter-force;the third counter-force is less than 20% to 70% of the second counter-force; andthe third counter-force is 350% to 750% of the first counter-force. 10. The optical module of claim 1, wherein wherein the optical module is configured so that, during use:the path of relative movement, at every point, defines a distance between the first and second collision regions along the direction of approach;for the first and second components, a minimum distance of the first and second collision regions in the direction of approach is predefined, below which the approach must not go under the effect of the mechanical disturbance; andthe counter-force produced by the first and second anticollision units on the first component, which counteracts the approach caused by the mechanical disturbance, reduces a relative speed between the first and second collision regions along the direction of approach to a value of zero at the latest when the minimum distance is reached. 11. The optical module of claim 1, wherein the first anticollision unit is in the region of the first collision region, and the second anticollision unit is in the region of the second collision region. 12. The optical module of claim 11, wherein the third anticollision unit is in the region of the third collision region, and the fourth anticollision unit is in the region of the fourth collision region. 13. The optical module of claim 11, wherein the optical module is configured so that, during use:the further mechanical disturbance is different at least in its direction of effect from that of the mechanical disturbance; andthe supporting structure defines the further path of relative movement of the first component, which is different from the path of relative movement and on which the first component moves along a further direction of approach in relation to the second component under the influence of the further mechanical disturbance. 14. The optical module of claim 1, wherein the optical module is configured so that, during use:the anticollision device comprises a third anticollision unit located a distance from the first anticollision unit;the third anticollision unit is on the first component;the third anticollision unit produces a third field;the anticollision device comprises a fourth anticollision unit located a distance from the second anticollision unit;the fourth anticollision unit is on the second component;the fourth anticollision unit is is assigned to the third anticollision unit;the fourth anticollision produces a fourth field;when the anticollision device is absent or inactive, a collision between a third collision region of the first component and a fourth collision region of the second component occurs under the influence of the mechanical disturbance and/or a further mechanical disturbance; andthe third and fourth anticollision unit and the fourth anticollision units are configured so that, with an increasing approach of the third and fourth collision regions along the path of relative movement or along a further path of relative movement, the third and fourth fields produce an increasing further counter-force on the first component that counteracts the approach. 15. The optical module of claim 14, wherein the optical module is configured so that, during use:the third anticollision unit and/or the fourth anticollision unit comprises a plurality of further anticollision elements that produce further partial fields; andthe further anticollision elements are assigned to each other so that the superimposition of their further partial fields produces a further field of the anticollision unit with a field line density that decreases more sharply with increasing distance from the anticollision unit along the path of relative movement than a field line density of one of the further partial fields. 16. The optical module of claim 14, wherein the third anticollision unit is in the region of the third collision region, and the fourth anticollision unit is in the region of the fourth collision region. 17. The optical module of claim 14, wherein the optical module is configured so that, during use:the further mechanical disturbance is different at least in its direction of effect from that of the mechanical disturbance; andthe supporting structure defines the further path of relative movement of the first component, which is different from the path of relative movement and on which the first component moves along a further direction of approach in relation to the second component under the influence of the further mechanical disturbance. 18. The optical module of claim 1, wherein at least one of the following holds:during use, at least one of the anticollision elements of at least one of the anticollision units produces a magnetic partial field and/or an electric partial field; andat least one of the anticollision elements of at least one of the anticollision units comprises a permanent magnet. 19. An optical imaging device, comprising:an illumination device comprising a first optical element group;a projection device comprising a second optical element group; andan image device,wherein:the illumination device is configured to illuminate an object;the projection device is configured to project an image of the illuminated object onto the image device;the illumination device and/or the projection device comprises an optical module according to claim 1; andthe optical imaging device is a microlithography optical imaging device. 20. A method of using an optical device comprising an illumination device, a projection device and an image device, the method comprising:using the illumination device to illuminate an object; andusing the projection device to project the illuminated object onto the image device,wherein the illumination device and/or the projection device comprises an optical module according to claim 1.