Patent Number: 
Section: claims

1. An X-ray testing machine comprising: an X-ray source for generating X-ray radiation;  elements for generating a primary beam of the x-ray radiation;  a collimator for the x-ray radiation;  means for orienting the collimator relative to the primary beam including a central, blind-bore opening in said collimator; and  first and second detection devices disposed and spaced one behind the other inside the central opening. 2. The apparatus according to  claim 1 , wherein a collimator arrangement is mounted in front of the first detection device. claim 1 3. The apparatus according to  claim 2 , wherein a collimator arrangement is mounted in front of the second detection device. claim 2 4. The apparatus according to  claim 1 , wherein the collimator is a ring-slot collimator having a conically-expanding round slot that is spaced from the central opening, said slot determining an angular path of a predetermined angle. claim 1 5. The apparatus according to  claim 4 , wherein a detector is fixedly associated with the collimator and possesses an X-ray-sensitive surface that faces the collimator, said detector being oriented such that scattering-cone beams exiting the slot are received by said detector. claim 4 6. The apparatus according to  claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first and second detection devices comprise a four-quadrant detector. claim 1 7. The apparatus according to  claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first and second detection devices comprise at least two individual detectors. claim 1 8. The apparatus according to  claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first and second detection devices are constructed from position-sensitive detectors having multiple-segmented diodes. claim 1 9. The apparatus according to  claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first and second detection devices comprise a detector array. claim 1 10. The apparatus according to  claim 1 , wherein the first detection device, which is disposed closer to the x-ray source, detects relatively lower energy X-rays, and the second detection device detects relatively higher energy X-rays. claim 1 11. The apparatus according to  claim 1 , further comprising a first amplifier stage electrically connected to the first detection device; a second amplifier stage electrically connected to the second detection device; and a central microprocessor connected downstream of the first and second amplifier stages. claim 1 12. A method for adjusting a collimator in an X-ray testing machine relative to a primary X-ray beam comprising: providing first and second X-ray detection devices, which are spatially separated, disposed and spaced one behind the other along the primary beam; and, using the signal from the first and second detection devices to spatially orient the collimator so that the primary beam impacts the centers of the first and second detection devices at a right angle by: in a first step, moving the collimator until a signal at the first detection device is maximal; and  in a second step, rotating the collimator in two independent planes about a point in a first rotational plane until a signal from the second detection device is maximal. 13. The method according to  claim 12 , further comprising using a microprocessor to evaluate the signals from the first and second detection devices and to determine the position of the intensity maximum in the rotation plane, with the individual signals being evaluated to directly determine the offset between a primary-beam center and detection centers of the first and second detection devices, which must then be readjusted. claim 12