Patent Number: 
Section: claims

1. A multi-lens comprising: a substrate which is formed by stacking high-resistance substrates each having a plurality of lens apertures, an inner wall of which is formed by a resistance portion along a beam axis of a beam emitted by a beam source, and which has an electrode bonded around the plurality of lens apertures between the high-resistance substrates; and  electrode substrates having apertures corresponding to the plurality of lens apertures, wherein the electrode substrates are bonded to two surfaces of said substrate,  wherein a resistance of at least one of said electrode substrates is lower than a resistance of said resistance portion. 2. The lens according to  claim 1 , wherein the resistance portion is made up of high-resistance layers formed on inner walls of apertures formed in insulating substrates, claim 1 said electrode substrates are formed by forming apertures corresponding to the lens apertures in a low-resistance substrate, and  a wiring for the electrode is formed via the insulating substrates stacked on the two sides of the electrode. 3. The lens according to  claim 1 , wherein the plurality of lens apertures are independently controlled. claim 1 4. The lens according to  claim 1 , wherein the plurality of lens apertures are laid out to form a face-centered structure. claim 1 5. The lens according to  claim 2 , wherein the low-resistance substrate is located on an outermost side to sandwich the insulating substrates, and a thickness T thereof and a diameter D of the aperture satisfy T greater than 0.3D. claim 2 6. The lens according to  claim 1 , wherein the resistance of the resistance portion is not constant along a beam axis direction. claim 1 7. The lens according to  claim 1 , wherein the resistance of the resistance portion has a positive differential coefficient along the beam axis. claim 1 8. The lens according to  claim 1 , wherein a plurality of electrodes are present in a beam axis direction, and arbitrary potentials can be respectively applied to the plurality of electrodes. claim 1 9. The lens according to  claim 8 , wherein a differential coefficient of a gradient of a voltage applied to the plurality of electrodes present in the beam axis direction is positive in an acceleration lens system and is negative in a deceleration lens system along the beam axis. claim 8 10. The lens according to  claim 1 , further comprising temperature-controllable cooling means. claim 1 11. The lens according to  claim 1 , wherein a resistivity of the resistance portion falls within a range from 10 6  xcexa9cm to 10 9  xcexa9cm. claim 1 12. The lens according to  claim 1 , wherein the resistance portion consists of any one of silicon carbide, a nitrogen compound, and cladglass. claim 1 13. An electron beam lithography apparatus for directly writing a pattern on a substrate with an electron beam, comprising: a substrate which is formed by stacking high-resistance substrates each having a plurality of lens apertures, an inner wall of which is formed by a resistance portion along a beam axis of a beam emitted by an electron beam source, and which has an electrode bonded around the plurality of lens apertures between the high-resistance substrates; and  electrode substrates having apertures corresponding to the plurality of lens apertures, wherein the electrode substrates are bonded to two surfaces of said, and  wherein a resistance of at least one of said electrode substrates is lower than a resistance of said resistance portion. 14. A charged beam applied apparatus for processing using a charged beam, comprising: a substrate which is formed by stacking high-resistance substrates each having a plurality of lens apertures, an inner wall of which is formed by a resistance portion along a beam axis of a beam emitted by a charged beam source, and which has an electrode bonded around the plurality of lens apertures between the high-resistance substrates; and  electrode substrates having apertures corresponding to the plurality of lens apertures, wherein the electrode substrates are bonded to two surfaces of said substrate, and  wherein a resistance of at least one of said electrode substrates is lower than a resistance of said resistance portion. 15. A method of manufacturing a device, comprising: a step of applying a resist on a substrate;  a step of directly writing a pattern on the substrate using an electron beam lithography apparatus; and  a development step of developing the substrate,  said electron beam lithography apparatus comprising:  a substrate which is formed by stacking high-resistance substrates each having a plurality of lens apertures, an inner wall of which is formed by a resistance portion along a beam axis of a beam emitted by an electron beam source, and which has an electrode bonded around the plurality of lens apertures between the high-resistance substrates; and  electrode substrates having apertures corresponding to the plurality of lens apertures, wherein the electrode substrates are bonded to two surfaces of said substrate, and  wherein a resistance of at least one of said electrode substrates is lower than a resistance of said first resistance portion. 16. A method of manufacturing a device, comprising: a step of applying a resist on a substrate;  a step of directly writing a pattern on the substrate using a charged beam applied apparatus; and  a development step of developing the substrate,  said charged beam applied apparatus comprising:  a substrate which is formed by stacking high-resistance substrates each having a plurality of lens apertures, an inner wall of each of which is formed by a resistance portion along a beam axis of a beam emitted by an electron beam source, and which has an electrode bonded around the plurality of lens apertures between the high-resistance substrates; and  electrode substrates having apertures corresponding to the plurality of lens apertures, wherein the electrode substrates are bonded to two surfaces of said substrate,  wherein a resistance of at least one of said electrode substrates is lower than a resistance of said first resistance portion. 17. An electrostatic lens comprising: a substrate which is formed by stacking high-resistance substrates each having a lens aperture, an inner wall of which is formed by a resistance portion along a beam axis of a beam emitted by a beam source, and which has an electrode bonded around the lens aperture between the high-resistance substrates; and  electrode substrates having an aperture corresponding to the lens aperture, wherein the electrode substrates are bonded to two surfaces of said substrate, and  wherein a resistance of at least one of said electrode substrates is lower than a resistance of said resistance portion. 18. A multi-lens comprising: a plurality of electrode substrates, each of which is formed with a plurality of apertures; and  substrates having apertures corresponding to the plurality of lens apertures, wherein the substrates are sandwiched by the plurality of electrode substrates,  wherein the substrates have a relieve function of relieving a charge loaded to the substrates by striking an electron or charged particle to a side wall of the plurality of lens apertures.