Patent Number: 047626739
Section: description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION The present invention provides a burnable poison rod that is of the normal length of such rods but which acts in the manner of a part-length burnable poison rod. The rod, as is conventional, comprises a metallic tube or cladding that is formed from stainless steel or a zirconium alloy such as zircaloy. The rod has upper and lower closure means in the form of end plugs. Positioned within the cladding is a neutron absorber or burnable poison which absorbs excess neutrons. These neutron absorbers are known in the art, and include boron, such a boron carbide or a boron carbide-aluminum oxide mixture, gadolinium, samarium, europium and the like. A preferred neutron absorber comprises borosilicate glass in the form of a tube which fits within the tubular cladding. In the burnable poison rod of the present invention, the neutron absorber is spaced from the bottom closure means of the rod by a neutron moderating spacing means which may be in the form of a solid mass or a contained liquid mass. Neutron moderators are materials which will slow down neutrons, but do not absorb the same as do neutron absorbers, and are also known in the art. In embodiments of the present invention where a solid mass of a neutron moderator is used as the neutron moderating spacing means, graphite, carbon, or beryllium, or the like are usable. In embodiments of the present invention where a liquid neutron moderating means is used, the lower closure means or end plug has an aperture therein and the side wall of the lower section of the cladding has apertures therein, such that the lower section is filled with coolant of the reactor, such as water. An intermediate or sealing plug is provided to seal the lower section of the burnable poison rod from the neutron absorber contained therein. The liquid coolant will flow into the lower section of the rod and is contained therein to act as a neutron moderator. While actual continuous flow of the water through the rod is not effected, the apertures prevent stagnation of the contained water. In FIG. 1, there is illustrated an embodiment of the burnable poison rod of the present invention. As illustrated, the rod 1 has a tubular metallic cladding 3 and upper and lower closure means 5 and 7 respectively. Positioned within the tubular cladding 3 is a neutron absorber 9 such as a borosilicate tube. Centered within the borosilicate tube 9 is a stainless steel spacer tube 11, the tube 11 having a radially outwardly directed flange 13 therein, upon which the bottom end 15 of the borosilicate tube 9 will rest. A neutron moderating spacing means is provided within the metallic cladding 3, which spacing means comprises a solid mass 17, of cylindrical shape, of a neutron moderating material. This neutron moderating spacing means 17 positions the borosilicate glass tube 9 in spaced relation to the lower closure means 7 and acts to moderate fast neutrons. The length of the cylinder of neutron moderator 17 is determined by the distance from the lower closure means that it is desired to position the neutron absorber, or borosilicate glass tube 9. Another embodiment of the present invention is illustrated in FIG. 2. As illustrated, the rod 21 has a tubular metallic cladding 23 and upper and lower closure means 25 and 27 respectively. Positioned within the tubular cladding 3 is a neutron absorber 29, shown as a borosilicate glass tube. As with the previous embodiment, a stainless steel spacer tube 31 may be centered in the borosilicate tube 29, the spacer tube having an outwardly directed flange 33 thereon, upon which the bottom end 35 of the borosilicate tube will rest. A neutron moderating spacing means is provided within the metallic cladding 23 which comprises a lower section 37 of the rod adapted to contain water or other neutron moderating liquid, the lower section 37 sealed from the neutron absorber 29 by means of a sealing plug 39. The sealing plug 39 may divide the cladding into separate sections along its length as illustrated, or it may fit within grooves in the interior wall of the cladding. The lower closure means 27 comprises an end plug having an axial aperture 41 therethrough which communicates with the interior of the lower section 37 of the tubular cladding 23. A plurality of apertures 43 are also provided through the wall of the cladding 23 at the lower section 37 thereof. The apertures 41 and 43 provide for the containment of water or other liquid coolant within the lower section 37 to act as a neutron moderator, while the sealing plug 39 positions the neutron absorber in spaced relationship to the lower closure means 27. The burnable poison rods of the present invention are usable in a nuclear fuel assembly using conventional handling equipment. As illustrated in FIG. 3, a nuclear fuel assembly 51 includes an array fuel rods 53 held in spaced relationship to each other by grids 55, 57 and 59 (only three of which are shown in FIG. 3) spaced along the fuel assembly length. Each fuel rod includes nuclear fuel pellets 61 and a spring 63 located in the plenum of each fuel rod, and the ends of the rods are closed by end plugs 65, all in a conventional manner. To control the fission process, a multiplicity of control rods 67 or burnable poison rods 69, are reciprocally movable in control rod guide tubes or guide thimbles located at predetermined positions in each selected fuel assembly in the reactor. The guide thimbles are attached to the grids 55, 57 and 59. The reactor includes a top nozzle 71 and a bottom nozzle 73 to which opposite ends of the control rod guide thimbles are attached to form an integral assembly capable of being conventionally handled without damaging the assembly components. Typically, the guide thimbles have sleeves for weld compatibility with the upper 55 and lower 59 grids and with the top 71 and bottom 73 nozzles. In this case, a sleeve 75 is used to join the guide thimble 77 to the upper grid 57 and the top nozzle 71. Each guide thimble 77 extends the full length of the fuel assembly 51 between the top nozzle 71 and the bottom nozzle 73. The sleeve 75 only extends from the top nozzle 71 to the upper grid 55, and the sleeve 79 only extends from the bottom nozzle 73 to the lower grid 59. The guide thimble 77 is attached to the sleeve 75 by a bulge fit. The guide thimble 77 is attached to the sleeve 79. As illustrated, the top nozzle is square in cross section and comprises a housing 81 having an upper plate 83 spaced from a (lower) adapter plate 85. Assembly hold-down springs 87 attached to opposite sides of upper plate 83 are held in place by bolts 89 and are adapted to be compressed when the reactor upper core plate (not shown) is placed in position. The top nozzle further includes a rod cluster control assembly 91 comprising an internally threaded cylindrical member 93 having radially extending flukes or arms 95. A connector 97 interconnects each control rod 67 or burnable poison rod 69 with the arms, the arrangement being such that the rod cluster assembly positions the control rods and burnable poison rods vertically in the rod guide thimbles to thereby control the fission process in the assembly. There has been described a burnable poison rod which contains a neutron absorber spaced from the bottom closure means of the rod by a neutron moderating spacing means. The use of the neutron moderating spacing means axially positions the neutron absorber within the rod at a spaced location from the bottom closure for the rod, minimizes the displacement of the neutron moderator, and maintains a proper overall length for the burnable poison rod required for compatability with existing rod handling equipment.