Patent Number: 
Section: claims

1. A variable centre diffractometer equipped with an analytical unit, comprising:a circle arc structure, called a Euler cradle;a radiation beam source and a detector of the said radiation beam;devices for the pointing of the analytical unit;devices for the movements of said analytical unit in a space;devices for rotation of said source and detector along the Euler cradle, further comprisingdevices able to rotate said source and detector with respect to an orthogonal axis to a plane containing the Euler cradle; andcollimators placed on said radiation source and detector. 2. The diffractometer according to claim 1 in which said source and detector are applied through wrists to two arms that work with the Euler cradle and are able to slide along a border of said cradle. 3. The diffractometer according to claim 2 in which the arms are firmly applied devices able to rotate each of said wrists around an axis perpendicular to the plane containing the Euler cradle. 4. The diffractometer according to claim 1 in which the devices are able to rotate said wrists include step motors. 5. The diffractometer according to claim 1 in which said collimators include polycapillaries. 6. The diffractometer according to claim 5 in which the polycapillaries have a lens shape. 7. The diffractometer according to claim 5 in which the polycapillaries have a half lens shape. 8. A method of diffractometric analysis, comprisingproviding an analytical unit including a circle arc structure, called a Euler cradle;providing a radiation beam source and a detector of the said radiation beam;pointing the analytical unit under the control of a plurality of pointing devices;controlling movements of said analytical unit in a space;rotating said source and detector along the Euler cradle, includingrotating the source and detector with respect to an axis orthogonal to a plane containing the Euler cradle; andplacing collimators or deflectors on the radiation source and detector. 9. The method according to claim 8 in which the diffractometer is an X-ray diffractometer. 10. The method according to claim 8 in which source and detector rotate along the Euler cradle. 11. A variable centre diffractometer equipped with an analytical unit, comprising:a circle arc structure, called a Euler cradle;a radiation beam source and a detector of the said radiation beam;devices for the pointing of the analytical unit;devices for the movements of said analytical unit in the space;devices for rotation of said source and detector along the Euler cradle, further comprisingdevices able to rotate said source and detector with respect to an orthogonal axis to a plane containing the Euler cradle; anddeflectors placed on the said radiation source and detector. 12. The diffractometer according to claim 11 in which said deflectors include graded multilayer mirrors.