Patent Number: 044118627
Section: claims

1. Spacer grating for a fuel assembly used in a nuclear reactor constituted by intersecting plates in square-mesh lattice form, in the cells of which pass the fuel pencils for transverse holding thereof, these pencils constituting a bundle where certain pencils are replaced by guide tubes, the plates which constitute the walls of the cells bearing elements for holding the fuel pencils projecting inside the cells, of two types, namely, on the one hand, rigid stops and, on the other hand, springs adapted to exert transverse forces on the fuel pencils, added to the grating and disposed around the plates so that each of the faces of each cell containing a pencil bears an element of type different from that borne by the opposite face, wherein said grating comprises: on the greater part of the walls equipped with springs, double springs comprising two active parts on either side of the wall on which the double spring is placed, allowing the symmetrical action of this spring on two different pencils inside two adjacent cells;  on the other walls equipped with springs, single springs comprising one active part only disposed in one of the two cells separated by the wall on which is placed the spring of which the other part is not capable of coming into contact with a fuel pencil;  rigid stops made on the plates of the grating independently of the springs.  on the greater part of the walls equipped with springs, double springs comprising two active parts on either side of the wall on which is placed the double spring, allowing the symmetrical action of this spring on two different pencils inside two adjacent cells,  on the other walls equipped with springs and/or rigid stops, single springs comprising one active part only, disposed in one of the two cells separated by the wall on which is placed the spring which is connected to rigid stops coming into contact with the fuel pencil passing through the cell located on the other side of said wall,  rigid stops located on one side of a wall of the cell and constituted by added pieces made fast with the single springs or the rigid stops placed on the other side of the wall. 2. The spacer grating of claim 1, wherein the springs comprise two arms disposed on either side of the wall and welded together at their two ends so that the moments and shearing strains are balanced to a great extent by those of the other arm and are virtually not transmitted to the plate constituting the wall of the grating on which the ends of the springs may slide freely. 3. The spacer grating of either one of claims 1 and 2, wherein the spring works essentially by axial deformation without transferring the axial forces on the plates constituting the walls of the cells of the grating. 4. The spacer grating of any one of claims 1 and 2, wherein part of the springs, at least, have on their active parts a sectioned form comprising two parts projecting inwardly of the cells of the grating coming into contact with one of the generatrices of the pencil at two points spaced apart at maximum along the length of this pencil. 5. The spacer grating of claim 4, wherein the springs have a C-section in their projecting part. 6. The spacer grating of claim 4, wherein the projecting parts of the springs coming into contact with the pencils are separated by a rigid part of C-section allowing the balancing of the forces between the two zones in contact. 7. The spacer grating of claim 4, wherein the projecting parts of the springs coming into contact with the pencil are separated by a zone of articulation of low rigidity for taking up at least part of the forces exerted on the active part of the spring. 8. The spacer grating of claim 4, wherein the faces of the cells opposite the springs having two projecting parts coming into contact with the pencil comprise two rigid stops disposed substantially at the level of the projections of the springs in the transverse direction perpendicular to the faces of the cells in question. 9. The spacer grating of any one of claims 1 and 2, wherein at least a part of the springs have on their active part a section comprising only one part projecting inwardly of the cells of the grating coming into contact with the pencil at one point only of said pencil. 10. The spacer grating of claim 9, wherein the projecting part of the springs has a C-section. 11. The spacer grating of claim 9, wherein the faces of the cells opposite the springs having only one projecting part coming into contact with the pencil comprise two rigid stops disposed substantially symmetrically with respect to the projecting part of the spring. 12. Spacer grating for a fuel assembly used in a nuclear reactor constituted by intersecting plates in square-mesh lattice form, in the cells of which pass the fuel pencils for transverse holding thereof, these pencils constituting a bundle where certain pencils are replaced by guide tubes, the plates which constitute the walls of the cells bearing elements for holding the fuel pencils projecting inwardly of the cells and of two types, namely, on the one hand, rigid stops and, on the other hand, springs adapted to exert transverse forces on the fuel pencils, added on the grating and disposed around the plates, so that each of the faces of each cell containing a pencil bears an element of type different from that borne by the opposite face, wherein said grating comprises: 13. The spacer grating of claim 12, wherein the walls of cells equipped on one side with springs and on the other side with rigid stops comprise a spring with two projections and three rigid stops added and fixed to the wall due to two welded end shoulders and to a likewise welded median sliding plate, each housed in one of the three rectangular openings made in alignment on the wall, and to two semi-rigid fit orifices disposed in the vicinity of the shoulders, so that the balancing of the transverse thrust forces exerted on each side of the wall takes place directly via the end and median shoulders, without straining the wall in flexion, the balancing of the longitudinal thrusts on the two projections being effected by sliding of the median sliding shoulder mounted to this end with a longitudinal clearance in its opening, and the fixing of the end shoulders in their respective opening being obtained with the aid of bent edges of the shoulders tightening on the wall. 14. The spacer grating of claim 12, wherein the walls of cells equipped with rigid stops on their two faces comprise a pair of rigid stops back to back at each end, each rigid stop being of ovoid form, obtained by cold-forming, each pair of rigid stops being added and fixed to the wall via a welded shoulder, each mounted with a longitudinal clearance in a rectangular opening in the wall to which they are fixed by bent edges tightening on the plate. 15. The spacer grating of claim 12, wherein the walls of cells equipped on both sides with springs, have two pairs of springs on each side of the wall, constituted by two continuous strips welded to one another at three zones through three aligned rectangular openings in the wall, namely two end zones or shoulders fixed by bent edges to the wall and a central zone or median sliding shoulder mounted with a longitudinal clearance in its corresponding opening. 16. The spacer grating of claim 12, wherein the outer wall of a cell containing a guide tube is equipped with an added rigid stop, formed in a strip crimped at its two ends in a slot made to this end in said wall. 17. The spacer grating of any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the cell wall being made of zircaloy, the added springs and rigid stops are made of a material chosen from the group consisting of Inconel and nimonic. 18. The spacer grating of either one of claims 1 and 12, wherein, to promote the guiding of the plates forming the walls of the cells during assembly, said plates are provided with embossed portions having a bevelled section in the direction of introduction of said plates.