ZongqianLi/qa2qa_sc_simple_pro · Datasets at Hugging Face

answers dict	title stringlengths 16 40	context stringlengths 1 1.96k	question stringlengths 9 50	id stringlengths 1 5
{ "answer_start": [ 93 ], "text": [ "100mW/cm2" ] }	10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.05.068	Depicts Nyquist plots of DSSC based on SQTHZ and SQIND measured under AM 1.5G illuminations (100mW/cm2).	What is the value of illumination?	573
{ "answer_start": [ 128 ], "text": [ "5.18%" ] }	10.1039/C7NR09657G	Carbon-based perovskite solar cells (C-PSCs) based on CsPb0.96Sb0.04I3 achieve a promising power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 5.18%, a record value for α-CsPbI3-based PSCs without hole transport materials.	What is the value of PCE?	9246
{ "answer_start": [ 99 ], "text": [ "7.36%" ] }	10.1016/j.nanoen.2017.04.044	The results show that the cell efficiency (η) of the DSSC made with the 30 vol% GD/PEDOT:PSS film (7.36%) was much higher than that of the cell made using just PEDOT:PSS as the counter electrode (5.14%), and was comparable to that of the cell with the sputtered Pt counter electrode (8.46%).	What is the value of η?	25874
{ "answer_start": [ 0 ], "text": [ "18.38mA/cm2" ] }	10.1016/j.spmi.2018.07.024	The PL result indicates that the CH3NH3PbI3 film prepared at PbI2 concentration of 1.0M has better crystal quality due to fewer defects [The J−V curves of the ZnO-TiO2 nanorod arrays based PSCs prepared at different concentration of PbI2 under ∼55% relative humidity condition are shown in	What is the value of Jsc?	38251
{ "answer_start": [ 204 ], "text": [ "N719" ] }	10.1039/C3DT51416A	The presence of the spacer results in enhanced performances of the dyes, and the highest energy conversion efficiencies are observed for the dyes [Cu(3)(7)]+ (η = 2.43% compared to 5.96% for standard dye N719) and [Cu(5)(7)]+ (η = 2.89% compared to 5.96% for N719).	What material has η of 5.96%?	34667
{ "answer_start": [ 140 ], "text": [ "Pt" ] }	10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.11.062	Tafel curves were recorded from−1V to 1Vat the scan rate of 10mVs−1.Photocurrent-photovoltage (J–V) tests of DSSCs with as-prepared CEs and Pt CE were measured with a solar simulator (PVIV-94043A, Newport, USA) under simulated solar illumination of 100mWcm−2 (AM 1.5G).	What material has illumination of 100mWcm−2?	36738
{ "answer_start": [ 66 ], "text": [ "9.17%" ] }	10.1039/C4CP04120H	The total power conversion efficiency (η) was 9.27% for HD-14 and 9.17% for HD-15 compared to 8.92% for N719.It is unfortunate that to date, most of the current energy demands are met by fossil fuels.	What is the value of η?	22938
{ "answer_start": [ 153 ], "text": [ "712 mV" ] }	10.1039/C4RA14029J	The short-circuit current density (JSC), open-circuit potential (VOC) and fill factor (FF) the cell with the RGO/Cu2S QDs hybrid CEs were 14.45 mA cm−2, 712 mV and 0.69, resulting an overall power conversion efficiency (η) of 7.12%, which was comparable to that of the corresponding Pt-based device.	What is the value of VOC?	10318
{ "answer_start": [ 94 ], "text": [ "2.03mA/cm2" ] }	10.1016/j.jcis.2018.01.037	The highest conversion efficiency reaches 1.02% for Zn73Al27O-600, and the FF is 0.72, JSC is 2.03mA/cm2, VOC is 0.69V.	What is the value of JSC?	14612
{ "answer_start": [ 62 ], "text": [ "GU115" ] }	10.1039/C5RA23623A	Consequently, the η was in the order of dyes: DN351 (5.46%) > GU115 (5.19%) > GU116 (4.49%) > GU117 (3.39%).The stability of solar cell upon fluorescence light irradiation is shown in Fig.	What material has η of 5.19%?	36727
{ "answer_start": [ 21 ], "text": [ "34.6" ] }	10.1016/j.dyepig.2007.03.007	The iodide 25 (IPCE: 34.6 and η: 1.00%) showed better performance than the chloride 23 (9.9 and 0.41) and bromide 24 (8.6 and 0.37) (runs 1–3).	What is IPCE?	22823
{ "answer_start": [ 203 ], "text": [ "8.26%" ] }	10.1039/C4TA04208E	DSC cells with both an ultra-thin layer of transparent TiO2 (3.6 μm) and I−/I3− electrolyte were fabricated, for which the symmetric sensitizers TFRS-80a and 80c showed better performances (η = 8.37 and 8.26%) over that of the asymmetric counterpart TFRS-80b (η = 5.55%), the latter suffered from poor dye loading and consequently lowered JSC and VOC.	What is the value of η?	18735
{ "answer_start": [ 123 ], "text": [ "7.72%" ] }	10.1039/C3NR06340B	The DSSCs using the optimized Ag nanoparticle/GNs (Ag/GNs) hybrids as CEs exhibited an energy conversion efficiency (η) of 7.72% with an open circuit voltage (VOC), short circuit current density (JSC), and fill factor (FF) of 730 mV, 14.67 mA cm−2, and 70%, respectively.	What is the value of η?	9197
{ "answer_start": [ 188 ], "text": [ "1.69%" ] }	10.1039/C3RA46212A	The highest light-to-electricity conversion efficiency (η) of 2.13% was realized for the dye CZ-6 based DSSC, which was higher than those achieved for the CZ-4- and CZ-6-sensitized DSSCs (1.69% and 1.30% respectively).Nowadays, the environmental pollution and global warming resulting from the consumption of fossil fuels force us to search for renewable energy sources and retain sustainable development.	What is the value of η?	7909
{ "answer_start": [ 124 ], "text": [ "1.01 V" ] }	10.1039/C4FD00155A	At the optimized LPD duration of 5 h, η as high as 8.61% was obtained accompanied by high Jsc, Voc and FF of 14.20 mA cm−2, 1.01 V and 0.60, respectively.Therefore, by using the rutile TiO2 NR array as a base structure for the LPD-TiO2 nanolayer to support a relatively thick effective CH3NH3PbI3 photoactive layer, we are able to achieve a considerably increased Jsc without obviously compromising Voc (1.01 V) and hence produce a significantly improved η.To control electron injection in carbon-based CH3NH3PbI3 solar cells, we have prepared a TiO2 nanolayer by the LPD method at room temperature.	What is the value of Voc?	17478
{ "answer_start": [ 85 ], "text": [ "8.943mAcm−2" ] }	10.1016/j.dyepig.2011.09.007	The Jsc and Voc of co-sensitized solar cells based on the Zn1/N719/ZnO electrode are 8.943mAcm−2 and 591mV, respectively; the overall solar-to-energy conversion efficiency is 3.378%, which is much higher than that for the DSSC using single organic sensitizer (1.909%).	What is the value of Jsc?	24405
{ "answer_start": [ 77 ], "text": [ "41.2%" ] }	10.1016/j.solmat.2017.02.003	The PCE (FF) of the CH3NH3PbI3 based solar cells can be improved from 8.54% (41.2%) to 10.02% (51.8%) when a TiO2 thin film was used as the buffer layer, while the hysteresis in the J-V curves was reduced.	What is the value of FF?	7809
{ "answer_start": [ 33 ], "text": [ "0.725V" ] }	10.1016/j.optmat.2018.06.011	amantacea was 3.93%, with Voc of 0.725V, Jsc of 8.09 mA/cm−2 and FF of 67.80%.	What is the value of Voc?	21807
{ "answer_start": [ 358 ], "text": [ "FTO" ] }	10.1016/j.jechem.2017.09.027	In this report, we have demonstrated that it is practical to prepare MA and EA mixed-cation lead iodide perovskite of MA1−xEAxPbI3, whose properties are substantially different from the MA–FA mixed-cation perovskites.MAI and EAI were synthesized according to previously reported techniques Mesoporous TiO2 was spin coated by a 20-nm TiO2 paste on the c-TiO2/FTO substrate as previously reported The crystal structures of the perovskite films were measured by a Shimadzu XRD-6100 diffractometer with Cu Kα radiation.	What is substrate?	21228
{ "answer_start": [ 224 ], "text": [ "7.10%" ] }	10.1039/C2TA00494A	The photovoltaic parameters showed a short-circuit current density (JSC) of 12.89 mA cm−2, an open-circuit photovoltage (VOC) of 770 mV, and a fill factor (FF) of 0.72, yielding an overall power conversion efficiency (η) of 7.10%.	What is the value of η?	14332
{ "answer_start": [ 58 ], "text": [ "TiO2" ] }	10.1016/j.micromeso.2014.02.029	The working electrode consists of 6 μm screen printed P25 TiO2 and 6 μm 400 nm TiO2 scattering layer.	What is ?	27250
{ "answer_start": [ 34 ], "text": [ "11.6%" ] }	10.1016/j.materresbull.2018.06.036	As a result, a device with PCE of 11.6% was achieved.One-dimensional (1D) TiO2 nanofibrous film with good morphology and electrical characteristics was prepared by electrospinning technique.	What is the value of PCE?	19973
{ "answer_start": [ 151 ], "text": [ "CH3NH3PbI3" ] }	10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.09.134	On the contrary, the surface of mesoporous TiO2 film on the TiO2-NR-CL shows porous and leachy, which is conducive to the adsorption and deposition of CH3NH3PbI3.A top view SEM image of the perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 deposited on the mesoporous TiO2 film and on TiO2 NR compact layer is given in a, it can be seen that the film is uniform with grains sizing mainly from 200 to 400nm and the number of microscopic pin-holes is low.	What is perovskite?	2383
{ "answer_start": [ 164 ], "text": [ "12.90%" ] }	10.1016/j.orgel.2017.11.044	The optimized HPbI3 concentration is 1.6M, and the corresponding perovskite solar cells exhibit an average Voc of 902mV, Jsc of 21.6mAcm−2, FF of 66.3%, and PCE of 12.90%, which is comparable to the PCEs of HTM-free perovskite solar cells prepared from high pure PbI2 sources a.	What is the value of PCE?	787
{ "answer_start": [ 106 ], "text": [ "62.93%" ] }	10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.10.012	The Pt-based reference DSSCs exhibit an average Jsc of 12.81mAcm−2, Voc of 0.712V, PCE of 5.74% and FF of 62.93%.	What is the value of FF?	19638
{ "answer_start": [ 49 ], "text": [ "NSGPCS" ] }	10.1016/j.electacta.2018.09.063	The Jsc, Voc, and FF of the QDSC fabricated with NSGPCS/Ti counter electrode are 16.58mAcm−2, 0.53V, and 0.60, respectively, yielding a η of 5.27%, which is comparable to the efficiency of the QDSC fabricated with PbS counter electrode.	What material has Voc of 0.53V?	36981
{ "answer_start": [ 144 ], "text": [ "6.85%" ] }	10.1016/j.solener.2019.07.039	PEDOT-Co2P series electrodes exhibit the alike tendency with PEDOT-Ni2P electrodes and the best performed DSSC with PEDOT-Co2P-3 gives a PCE of 6.85%.	What is the value of PCE?	9850
{ "answer_start": [ 214 ], "text": [ "10mm2" ] }	10.1016/j.solener.2019.02.012	The solar cell devices were fabricated with the hole transporting layer of Spiro-OMeTAD by spin coating as described in our earlier reports () followed by 120nm silver electrodes with a mask for the active area of 10mm2.	What is the value of active area?	22765
{ "answer_start": [ 143 ], "text": [ "691V" ] }	10.1016/j.tet.2012.10.046	The short-circuit photocurrent densities (Jsc) are 3.07–7.76mAcm−2, and the open-circuit photovoltages (Voc) are in the range from 0.583V to 0.691V.	What is the value of Voc?	18646
{ "answer_start": [ 159 ], "text": [ "0.72 V" ] }	10.1039/C5TA02120K	Under standard global AM 1.5 solar light conditions, the HECA based-device gives the best conversion efficiency of 9.13% with a Jsc of 16.14 mA cm−2, a Voc of 0.72 V and a FF of 0.77.	What is the value of Voc?	17654
{ "answer_start": [ 187 ], "text": [ "FTO" ] }	10.1039/C4TA00563E	This result is particularly promising considering the lower cost of materials (PEDOT and PET substrates) and the processes (roll-to-roll and electropolymerization) compared to platinized FTO based DSCs.This work was financially supported by the Ministry of Education Tier 2 research grant (MOE2011-T2-2-130).	What is substrate?	30194
{ "answer_start": [ 232 ], "text": [ "13.49%" ] }	10.1039/C7TA09122B	fabricated a fully printable solar cell with sequential deposition of compact TiO2, mesoporous TiO2, porous Al2O3, and porous carbon on FTO-glass and compared the performance of MAPbI3 PSCs (11.94% PCE) with those of MAPbI2.7Br0.3 (13.49%) and MAPbI2.4Br0.6 (11.83%).	What is the value of PCE?	30876
{ "answer_start": [ 4 ], "text": [ "ECNFs" ] }	10.1039/C5RA23856K	The ECNFs–Pt based DSSC exhibited the performance with short circuit density (Jsc) of 13.15 mA cm−2, open circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.80 V, fill factor (FF) of 0.63, and energy conversion efficiency (η) of 6.94%.	What material has Voc of 0.80 V?	36844
{ "answer_start": [ 108 ], "text": [ "15.52%" ] }	10.1039/C8QI00131F	When the Sr content in PbI2 solution is 10 mol%, the PSC exhibits a higher Voc and FF and exhibits a PCE of 15.52% under AM 1.5G solar illumination.	What is the value of PCE?	28761
{ "answer_start": [ 122 ], "text": [ "0.81V" ] }	10.1016/j.rser.2018.03.030	The Rrec of the PEDOT: PSS device (as shown in b) was lower than that of the PPP device, giving rise to a lower Voc (0.77–0.81V) compared to the PPP device, which achieved the highest Voc of 0.99–1.05V The impedance spectra of the glass/FTO/TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au device measured at an open-circuit illustrated an essentially exponential dependence on the open-circuit potential of the recombination resistance Rrec and dielectric relaxation resistance Rdr.	What is the value of Voc?	13078
{ "answer_start": [ 37 ], "text": [ "CoMoSx" ] }	10.1016/j.jpowsour.2019.02.008	Based on these merits, the DSSC with CoMoSx@Ni-CoMoSx as CE catalyst exhibited the highest PCE of 9.30%, which was much superior than that of Pt (8.01%).	What is CE?	1682
{ "answer_start": [ 101 ], "text": [ "0.88±0.05V" ] }	10.1016/j.dyepig.2018.11.005	As a result, PSCs employing ZnChl-1 as HTM show an average PCE of 10.33%, and have the lowest Voc of 0.88±0.05V.	What is the value of Voc?	25501
{ "answer_start": [ 25 ], "text": [ "89 mV" ] }	10.1039/C4RA09727K	While Voc increases from 89 mV to 116 mV monotonically as x increases from 0 to 0.2.In order to clarify the reasons leading to higher Voc for the solar cells based on ternary oxides films.	What is the value of Voc?	20716
{ "answer_start": [ 76 ], "text": [ "5.15%" ] }	10.1039/C5TA03807C	The DSSC cell made with the thinner K1 film yielded a better performance of 5.15% (Jsc = 12.36 mA cm−2, Voc = 0.68 V, FF = 0.61) than that made with a thicker film (η = 4.25%).	What is the value of η?	5256
{ "answer_start": [ 116 ], "text": [ "0.85 V" ] }	10.1039/C6CP07592D	Under similar experimental conditions, the rubrene-based champion device here achieved a PCE of 8.76% with a Voc of 0.85 V, a Jsc of 16.84 mA cm−2, and a FF of 0.61 in the reverse scan direction.	What is the value of Voc?	9778
{ "answer_start": [ 212 ], "text": [ "400" ] }	10.1016/j.electacta.2019.135278	The ionic conductivity of 3.76, 0.47, 0.27, and 0.20μScm−1 were respectively found for the FDSSCs with the TMC photoanode as well as with the TNP/TMC photoanodes prepared using the withdraw rate of 100, 300, and 400mmmin−1 in the dip-coating process, respectively.	What is photoanode?	175
{ "answer_start": [ 243 ], "text": [ "0.94 V" ] }	10.1039/C5NR04076K	Because the number of OA ligands on the TiO2 NR surface was substantially reduced after ligand exchange treatment with PYR, the device consisting of CH3NH3PbI3 and PYR-TiO2 NR hybrids showed an improved power efficiency of 7.56% with a VOC of 0.94 V, a JSC of 13.7 mA cm−2, and an FF of 0.59.	What is the value of VOC?	13247
{ "answer_start": [ 95 ], "text": [ "7.5%" ] }	10.1039/C4RA01858C	Regarding photovoltaic performance, the D–π–A-structured dye yields a higher efficiency (η) of 7.5% with a higher short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 16.36 mA cm−2 and open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 706 mV than that of the D–A–π–A-structured dye.	What is the value of η?	21035
{ "answer_start": [ 0 ], "text": [ "0.83 V" ] }	10.1039/C6RA07068J	The device was measured under AM 1.5 simulated one sun illumination	What is the value of Voc?	38670
{ "answer_start": [ 19 ], "text": [ "5.15" ] }	10.1039/C8CS00029H	The highest PCE of 5.15% at Voc = 478 mV and a FF of 45% (Fig.	What is CE?	2297
{ "answer_start": [ 127 ], "text": [ "22.841mAcm−2" ] }	10.1016/j.orgel.2017.07.047	The co-sensitizer devices had the best performance at a PbS concentration of 2% with a VOC, JSC, FF, and efficiency of 0.557V, 22.841mAcm−2, 0.55, and 6.99%, respectively.	What is the value of JSC?	16
{ "answer_start": [ 183 ], "text": [ "1000 W/m2" ] }	10.1016/j.ijleo.2017.11.073	Finally auto-lab solar simulator (IVT 300) has been utilized to measure I–V curves, open voltage potential (Voc), short circuit current (Jsc), fill factor (FF) and IPCE at AM1.5 sun (1000 W/m2 irradiation) condition.Specimens were weighed at each fabrication step i.e.	What is the value of solar?	17377
{ "answer_start": [ 230 ], "text": [ "1 cm2" ] }	10.1016/j.saa.2014.07.096	Finally the solid residue was filtered to acquire a pure natural dye solution.The TiO2 working electrode was prepared by deposition of TiO2 paste on FTO glass (Sheet resistance 10 Ω sq.−1; BHEL, India) with the active area of 1 × 1 cm2 according to the procedure described elsewhere The absorption spectra of the extracts obtained from grasses were recorded using a UV–Vis spectrophotometer (UV-2450, Shimadzu).	What is the value of active area?	34196
{ "answer_start": [ 54 ], "text": [ "0.78V" ] }	10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.113317	The Voc of NCB@Pd is lower than that of Pt (0.74V and 0.78V) but the incensement in overall efficiency is due to Jsc enhancement, which is in good alignment with electrochemical analysis.	What is the value of Voc?	24380
{ "answer_start": [ 16 ], "text": [ "e" ] }	10.1016/j.ijhydene.2013.05.163	A flow of nitrogen gas was purged in order to avoid contact with atmospheric moisture.The fabricated solar cells were irradiated by a LOT-Oriel GmbH solar simulator 1.5 AM, 1000Wm−2.	What material has solar of 1000Wm−2?	36241
{ "answer_start": [ 232 ], "text": [ "FA.9Cs.1PbI2.9Br.1" ] }	10.1016/j.solmat.2018.02.015	Interfacial engineering was reported to reduce trap-mediated recombination by modification of imperfect chemical interaction at interface, which is responsible for suppression of hysteresis The mixed cation and halide perovskite of FA.9Cs.1PbI2.9Br.1 was prepared and its surface was post-treated with phenylalkylammonium iodide by spin-coating method.	What is perovskite?	27594
{ "answer_start": [ 117 ], "text": [ "490 mV" ] }	10.1016/j.ica.2008.03.053	The short-circuit photocurrent density (Jsc), open-circuit photovoltage (Voc), and fill factor (FF) are 1.58 mA/cm2, 490 mV and 0.65, respectively, yielding an overall conversion efficiency (η) of 0.5%.	What is the value of Voc?	30866
{ "answer_start": [ 107 ], "text": [ "1.61%" ] }	10.1016/j.electacta.2011.06.057	The DSSC without PVP and UV irradiation obtains JSC of 3.35 mA cm−2, VOC of 0.723 V, FF of 0.674, and η of 1.61%; while the DSSC with PVP and UV achieves JSC of 5.44 mA cm−2, VOC of 0.787 V, FF of 0.706, and η of 3.02%, respectively.	What is the value of η?	18788
{ "answer_start": [ 113 ], "text": [ "8.87 V" ] }	10.1039/C7NR08289D	The champion module delivers an efficiency of 11.39%, with an improved Voc of 9.15 V as compared to carbon only (8.87 V), a Jsc of 22.10 mA cm−2 and a FF of 56.70%.	What is the value of Voc?	28357
{ "answer_start": [ 140 ], "text": [ "716 mV" ] }	10.1039/C7RA06906E	The cells based on 1.20 μm hierarchical Zn2SnO4 microspheres shows the best photovoltaic performance with improved Jsc (7.82 mA cm−2), Voc (716 mV) and FF (0.71), leading to an enhanced PCE up to 4.00%.	What is the value of Voc?	27711
{ "answer_start": [ 441 ], "text": [ "TiO2" ] }	10.1039/C5CP01880C	gratefully acknowledges the China Scholarship Council (CSC) for a PhD study fellowship.† Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Comparison of the performance of solar cells with and without a spray pyrolysis compact layer and the SEM picture of the compact layer, the determination of the diffusion coefficient of TEMPO by cyclic voltammetry with a microelectrode, cyclic voltammogram of TEMPO/TEMPO+ and D149/LEG4-sensitized TiO2 film, absorption spectra of D149 and LEG4 sensitized TiO2 film, the effects of lithium salt concentration on the solar cell performance and charge extraction measurements.	What is ?	34280
{ "answer_start": [ 74 ], "text": [ "4.6 mA/cm2" ] }	10.1016/j.jcis.2014.10.055	For the pure In2O3-DSSC, the values of Jsc, Voc and fill factor (FF) were 4.6 mA/cm2, 0.4 V and 26.2%, respectively.	What is the value of Jsc?	31481
{ "answer_start": [ 141 ], "text": [ "I−/I3−" ] }	10.1016/j.electacta.2018.06.031	These measured results indicate that In2.77S4 nanoflakes/graphene composite CEs have the better electrocatalytic activity than Pt CEs toward I−/I3− redox couple.To further test the stability and the reversibility of In2.77S4 nanoflakes/graphene composite CEs, a multicycle successive CV test at a scan rate of 25 mv s−1 is conducted.	What is redox couple?	24618
{ "answer_start": [ 361 ], "text": [ "493 mV" ] }	10.1016/j.ccr.2010.11.006	a bidentate/bridging coordination) carboxyl groups of the unique bipyridine ring and no spectacular differences in performances should be expected from different adsorption mode Although complexes 14 and 15 differ only in the anionic ligand, their photovoltaic performance was significantly different; solar cells of dye 14 gave a Jsc of 0.98 mA cm−2, a Voc of 493 mV and a FF of 0.58, yielding an overall power conversion efficiency (η) of 0.3%.	What is the value of Voc?	21254
{ "answer_start": [ 56 ], "text": [ "15.7%" ] }	10.1039/C4EE00942H	made a planar heterojunction cell and realized a PCE of 15.7%, when he replaced the c-TiO2 and m-TiO2 layers by a single c-ZnO blocking layer but kept the rest of the steps almost the same as those in the work of Burschka (Fig.	What is the value of PCE?	22502
{ "answer_start": [ 126 ], "text": [ "Cs0.1(FA0.83MA0.17)0.9Pb(I0.83Br0.17)3" ] }	10.1016/j.jcis.2018.09.045	Then CsI, pre-dissolved as a 1.5M stock solution in DMSO, was added to the mixed DMF/DMSO solution to achieve the perovskite (Cs0.1(FA0.83MA0.17)0.9Pb(I0.83Br0.17)3) precursor solution.	What is perovskite?	22896
{ "answer_start": [ 237 ], "text": [ "1.65%" ] }	10.1016/j.apsusc.2016.06.146	Importantly, PCE (η) of the DSSC was significantly improved to 3.16% by incorporating a very small amount of RGO into the photoanode, demonstrating a ∼91.5% enhancement in the efficiency when compared to SnO2-only photoanode based DSSC (1.65%).Supplementary data associated with this article can be found, in the online version, at	What is the value of η?	23467
{ "answer_start": [ 25 ], "text": [ "TiO2" ] }	10.1039/C2JM34425D	After dyeadsorption, the TiO2 photoanodes were assembled with various CEs.	What is photoanodes?	17929
{ "answer_start": [ 137 ], "text": [ "9.84%" ] }	10.1039/C5TA01665G	Upon optimization, the device fabricated at a TP3/YR6 molar ratio of 25:1 yielded Jsc = 19.18 mA cm−2, Voc = 0.721 V, FF = 0.712 and η = 9.84%.	What is the value of η?	27106
{ "answer_start": [ 84 ], "text": [ "0.09 cm2" ] }	10.1016/j.tsf.2016.09.039	The solar devices were masked with a metal aperture to determine the active area as 0.09 cm2.	What is the value of active area?	1394
{ "answer_start": [ 223 ], "text": [ "c-TiO2" ] }	10.1039/C7CP04749E	The relative change in PL is a sensitive tool that indicates the degradation of the CH3NH3PbI3 films.To comparatively study the influence of the PbI2 content on the photovoltaic parameters, simple planar devices (glass/FTO/c-TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3/spiro-OMeTAD/Au) without any mesoporous TiO2 layers were prepared using samples A, B, C, D and E under N2 and investigated.	What is FTO?	14684
{ "answer_start": [ 283 ], "text": [ "I−/I3−" ] }	10.1039/C5RA26577K	The first semicircle represents the interfacial resistance at the counter electrode/electrolyte interface (R1), second represents the interfacial resistance at the photoanode/electrolyte interface (R2) or (Rct), and the third represents the impedance due to the diffusion process of I−/I3− redox couple in the electrolyte (Zw).	What is redox couple?	9757
{ "answer_start": [ 108 ], "text": [ "17.66%" ] }	10.1039/C6TA03119F	These fascinating properties make it as an excellent ETL in perovskite solar cells with an excellent PCE of 17.66% and 14.32% in rigid and flexible substrates, respectively.	What is the value of PCE?	19114
{ "answer_start": [ 121 ], "text": [ "7.71%" ] }	10.1039/C5RA03530A	Small-scale solar cells built with TTZ3–7, both transparent and opaque, gave good power conversion efficiencies (η up to 7.71%), which in the case of TTZ5 and TTZ7 were clearly superior to those obtained with standard Ru-dye Z907.	What is the value of η?	11193
{ "answer_start": [ 206 ], "text": [ "7.93%" ] }	10.1039/C4TA02895C	Although this device has the slightly lower Jsc and Voc than those of the DSC based on the liquid electrolyte, the η (7.53%) of this QS-DSC is very close to that of the DSC based on the liquid electrolyte (7.93%).Importantly, although the photovoltaic performances of QS-DSCs based on LMOGs are slightly lower than the corresponding liquid based DSC, they exhibit excellent long-term stability.	What is the value of η?	5732
{ "answer_start": [ 37 ], "text": [ "664 mV" ] }	10.1039/C4RA06823H	8c); 604 mV compares with VOC(max) = 664 mV for N719 measured under the same conditions are the copper(I) dyes (Table 2).	What is the value of VOC?	26789
{ "answer_start": [ 205 ], "text": [ "100mW/cm2" ] }	10.1016/j.tsf.2018.03.017	A solar simulator (Photoemission Tech) with an AM 1.5G filter set was employed to record the photocurrent density – voltage measurements along with the potentiostat (VMP3, BIO-LOGIC) under illumination of 100mW/cm2.	What is the value of solar?	34001
{ "answer_start": [ 153 ], "text": [ "6.14mA/cm2" ] }	10.1016/j.jssc.2018.12.007	In comparison with devices with different ETLs, the IL/C60-based solar cells show greatly improved performance, achieving the PCE of 5.88% with a Jsc of 6.14mA/cm2, a Voc of 1.39V, and a FF of 69.94%.A room temperature solution processed ionic liquids (1-benzyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride)/C60 bilayer were used as the electron transport layer in planar n-i-p structure CH3NH3PbBr3 perovskite solar cells.	What is the value of Jsc?	25200
{ "answer_start": [ 36 ], "text": [ "Ag" ] }	10.1039/C4TA05728G	The perovskite solar cells with the Ag NW/FZO electrode showed improved cell-performance: a FF of 39.5%, a Jsc of 12.2 mA cm−2, a Voc of 0.685 V, and a PCE of 3.29%.	What material has FF of 39.5%?	36628
{ "answer_start": [ 64 ], "text": [ "8.7%" ] }	10.1039/C6TA06987H	Therefore, devices doped with HTM 9 have a higher fill factor (68.7%) and PCE (14.2%) than devices doped with HTM 10 (FF = 63.4%, PCE = 11.8%).As summarized from the works of Qin et al.	What is the value of PCE?	18865
{ "answer_start": [ 415 ], "text": [ "7.53%" ] }	10.1016/j.electacta.2018.08.135	In contrast to PtM and pristine M, it can be seen that the existence of PANi can tune the electronic structure and the surface work function of CE.The liquid-junction DSSC devices are assembled by integrating PtM@PANi CEs with I−/I3− redox electrolyte and N719 dye-sensitized TiO2 photoanodes and the corresponding photovoltaic parameters are summarized in a, the power conversion efficiencies (η) of 8.52%, 8.39%, 7.53%, and 7.36% are determined for the DSSCs tailored by PtNi@PANi NWs, PtFeNi@PANi FAs, PtNi NWs, and PtFeNi FAs, respectively.	What is the value of η?	17077
{ "answer_start": [ 294 ], "text": [ "599 mV" ] }	10.1016/j.electacta.2016.01.108	These adsorbed Li+ ions will in turn attract the I3− ions thus reducing the concentration of free triiodide ions in the electrolyte of the DSC According to the results we obtained, the device containing electrolyte A gave a highest VOC of 657 mV while the cell with electrolyte B showed VOC of 599 mV.	What is the value of VOC?	16089
{ "answer_start": [ 20 ], "text": [ "17.2%" ] }	10.1016/j.nanoen.2016.08.048	Therefore, a PCE of 17.2% can be obtained for the device with PCBDAN, with an increase of 25% compared with the device without PCBDAN.	What is the value of PCE?	32072
{ "answer_start": [ 67 ], "text": [ "13.01%" ] }	10.1016/j.cej.2019.04.099	Thus, the PCE of the PSC can be remarkably enhanced from 10.08% to 13.01%.	What is the value of PCE?	17173
{ "answer_start": [ 78 ], "text": [ "100mWcm−2" ] }	10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.153230	The junction property and performance were measured under the illumination of 100mWcm−2 (Oriel Sol3A, 1600W) [].	What is the value of illumination?	8485
{ "answer_start": [ 210 ], "text": [ "0.80±0.03V" ] }	10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.04.031	When increasing the thickness of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite film up to ∼410nm from spray PbI2 concentration of 11%, comprehensive improvement in photovoltaic parameters (an average Jsc of 17.24±0.70mAcm−2, a Voc of 0.80±0.03V, a FF of 68.7±3.4%, and a PCE of 9.70±0.40% (10.40% in maximum)), even much higher than those of the devices with the other two higher concentration (13% and 15%) of PbI2 precursor ink.	What is the value of Voc?	18493
{ "answer_start": [ 52 ], "text": [ "1.17 V" ] }	10.1016/j.nanoen.2017.08.041	In addition, a higher open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.17 V suggests superb charge selectivity and low degree of charge recombination.	What is the value of VOC?	12931
{ "answer_start": [ 118 ], "text": [ "FTO" ] }	10.1039/C8TA11800K	2b shows the J–V characteristics of Spiro-OMeTAD and Spiro-OMeTAD:MoS2 based on hole-only devices with a structure of FTO/PEDOT:PSS/Spiro-OMeTAD/MoO3/Ag.	What is ?	8289
{ "answer_start": [ 189 ], "text": [ "100mWcm−2" ] }	10.1016/j.orgel.2018.09.040	The solar cell's photoelectric conversion capability is the most direct method of measuring cell performance, using the Keithley 2420 source measurement unit under AM 1.5G illuminations at 100mWcm−2 provided by the Oriel Sol 3 A solar simulator at room temperature.	What is the value of solar?	6938
{ "answer_start": [ 69 ], "text": [ "11.96 mA/cm2" ] }	10.1016/j.solmat.2015.10.045	There is an increase in the short-circuit current density (JSC) from 11.96 mA/cm2 to 20.90 mA/cm2 due to the stronger atomistic interaction between the CH3NH3 cations and Pb–I framework after increasing the annealing temperature from 60 °C to 120 °C.	What is the value of JSC?	32792
{ "answer_start": [ 19 ], "text": [ "SQ" ] }	10.1016/j.dyepig.2014.09.034	In particular, the SQ sensitized solar cell containing 2wt.% DCM-pyran in the electrolyte shows 1.8 times higher photovoltaic performance than that of the pristine DSSCs (without introducing DCM-pyran), with JSC, VOC and FF values of 8.55mA/cm2, 0.69V and 68.28%, respectively, to give a η value of 4.06%.	What material has η of 4.06%?	35910
{ "answer_start": [ 200 ], "text": [ "0.96 V" ] }	10.1039/C7NR08797G	The devices with the PEDOT:PSS-only layer exhibited an overall power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.38% with a short-circuit current density (JSC) of 15.82 mA cm−2, an open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.96 V, and a fill factor (FF) of 62%.	What is the value of VOC?	209
{ "answer_start": [ 105 ], "text": [ "6.28%" ] }	10.1016/j.dyepig.2019.04.048	As a result, DSSCs based on W10 afford an impressive PCE value of 7.62%, which is around 20% higher than 6.28% for W09 sensitized cells.	What is the value of PCE?	8682
{ "answer_start": [ 62 ], "text": [ "10.35%" ] }	10.1016/j.solener.2018.10.013	Obviously, the average PCE value for 20 devices was more than 10.35%, which shows the good reproducibility of the NP-TiO2+MS-TiO2-based DSSC.	What is the value of PCE?	26383
{ "answer_start": [ 152 ], "text": [ "FTO" ] }	10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.05.081	The absorption onset is determined by finding the intersection point of two slopes as indicated in Current density-voltage (J–V) characteristics of the FTO/TiO2/PbS/MAPbI3/Pt hybrid solar cells are acquired under simulated solar irradiation, and the results are shown in .	What is ?	22353
{ "answer_start": [ 517 ], "text": [ "18.49%" ] }	10.1039/C6TA07876A	Upon modifying the TiO2 compact layer, which is commonly used as an electron transport layer (ETL) in regular-structure (n–i–p) planar heterojunction (PHJ) PSCs, by successively incorporating [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM) and an ethanolamine (ETA)-functionalized fullerene (C60-ETA) synthesized facilely via a one-pot nucleophilic addition reaction, the average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the CH3NH3PbI3-based PHJ-PSC devices increased from 13.00% to 16.31%; the best PCE attained was 18.49%, which, to our knowledge, represents the highest PCE reported to date for regular-structure PHJ-PSCs devices based on fullerene-modified TiO2 interlayers.	What is the value of PCE?	410
{ "answer_start": [ 36 ], "text": [ "0.730 V" ] }	10.1016/j.jphotochem.2016.07.021	The increases in Voc (from 0.570 to 0.730 V), Jsc (from 2.8 to 4.0 mA/cm2) and FF (from 57% to 73%) led to an overall improvement in efficiency of over 100%, the value was in fact more than doubled to 1.40% from the initial 0.65%.	What is the value of Voc?	6165
{ "answer_start": [ 123 ], "text": [ "12.48 mAcm−2" ] }	10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.143646	However, the further increase in the MOF concentration (0.75%) caused a decrease in PCE (4.353%), along with those in Jsc (12.48 mAcm−2) and Voc (0.605V), that possibly will be ascribed to the reduction in dye loading capacity, which also results in smaller Jsc.To develop DSSCs having a high PCE, the electron/hole recombination rate needs to be reduced and the electron transport must be enhanced [].	What is the value of Jsc?	29082
{ "answer_start": [ 85 ], "text": [ "3.60mAcm−2" ] }	10.1016/j.apt.2018.12.010	The TiO2 NWs photoanode (Cell-NWs) delivers a short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 3.60mAcm−2, an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.868V, a fill factor (FF) of 67.60% and an only PCE of 2.12%.	What is the value of Jsc?	16354
{ "answer_start": [ 45 ], "text": [ "TiO2" ] }	10.1016/j.orgel.2018.03.009	The optimum spacer layer contains core-shell TiO2@SiO2 particles (300nm-400nm), resulting in the highest shunt resistance and lowest ionic diffusion effects.	What is ?	11760
{ "answer_start": [ 148 ], "text": [ "100mW/cm2" ] }	10.1016/j.dyepig.2019.02.055	The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements of the cells were recorded with Autolab/PGSTAT302N electrochemical workstation, under 100mW/cm2 light illumination, in the frequency range from 50mHz to 100kHz, with logarithmic point spacing, at open circuit potential (OCP) bias, using an alternating low signal with 10mV amplitude.	What is the value of illumination?	27433
{ "answer_start": [ 0 ], "text": [ "CH3NH3PbI3" ] }	10.1016/j.jpowsour.2019.05.067	The average efficiency of optimized device with NCs increases by about 12.78% compared with that of control device	What is perovskite?	38414
{ "answer_start": [ 971 ], "text": [ "Pt" ] }	10.1039/C8TC00611C	Our finding sheds light on why the ternary metal selenides are better than the corresponding binary metal selenides in terms of photovoltaic performance.We are thankful to the National Nature Science Foundation of China (21673049), the STCSM (168014342), the Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (2011-iChEM), and the personalized support from Fudan University for original research for providing the financial support.† Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: The photovoltaic performances for DSSCs with the multinary metal selenides CEs reported in the literatures, XRD patterns of the ternary selenides with different stoichiometric ratios, atomic ratios (Ni:Co:Se) of the as-prepared samples detected by ICP-AES, comparison of photovoltaic performance for DSSCs with various CEs, EDS spectrum and SEM-EDS elemental mapping for Ni0.12Co0.80Se nanoparticles on FTO, electrochemical stability against potential cycling of the Pt and Ni0.12Co0.80Se nanoparticles CEs.	What is CE?	2715
{ "answer_start": [ 56 ], "text": [ "0.98V" ] }	10.1016/j.solener.2019.05.045	Carbon-based PSC has a higher JSC (21.4mA/cm2) and VOC (0.98V), than the conventional and HTM-free PSC.	What is the value of VOC?	27111
{ "answer_start": [ 251 ], "text": [ "18.85mA/cm2" ] }	10.1016/j.electacta.2018.02.137	One can note that the DSSC employed conventional Pt CE resulted in an overall conversion efficiency of 8.00% (Voc=0.72V, Jsc=17.75mA/cm2 and FF=62.3%), while the overall conversion efficiency of the cell using CWS CE improved to 8.94% (Voc=0.74V, Jsc=18.85mA/cm2 and FF=64%) which corresponds to a ∼1.1% of efficiency enhancement relative to Pt cell.	What is the value of Jsc?	13669

{ "answer_start": [ 93 ], "text": [ "100mW/cm2" ] }

10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.05.068

Depicts Nyquist plots of DSSC based on SQTHZ and SQIND measured under AM 1.5G illuminations (100mW/cm2).

What is the value of illumination?

573

{ "answer_start": [ 128 ], "text": [ "5.18%" ] }

10.1039/C7NR09657G

Carbon-based perovskite solar cells (C-PSCs) based on CsPb0.96Sb0.04I3 achieve a promising power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 5.18%, a record value for α-CsPbI3-based PSCs without hole transport materials.

What is the value of PCE?

9246

{ "answer_start": [ 99 ], "text": [ "7.36%" ] }

10.1016/j.nanoen.2017.04.044

The results show that the cell efficiency (η) of the DSSC made with the 30 vol% GD/PEDOT:PSS film (7.36%) was much higher than that of the cell made using just PEDOT:PSS as the counter electrode (5.14%), and was comparable to that of the cell with the sputtered Pt counter electrode (8.46%).

What is the value of η?

25874

{ "answer_start": [ 0 ], "text": [ "18.38mA/cm2" ] }

10.1016/j.spmi.2018.07.024

The PL result indicates that the CH3NH3PbI3 film prepared at PbI2 concentration of 1.0M has better crystal quality due to fewer defects [The J−V curves of the ZnO-TiO2 nanorod arrays based PSCs prepared at different concentration of PbI2 under ∼55% relative humidity condition are shown in

What is the value of Jsc?

38251

{ "answer_start": [ 204 ], "text": [ "N719" ] }

10.1039/C3DT51416A

The presence of the spacer results in enhanced performances of the dyes, and the highest energy conversion efficiencies are observed for the dyes [Cu(3)(7)]+ (η = 2.43% compared to 5.96% for standard dye N719) and [Cu(5)(7)]+ (η = 2.89% compared to 5.96% for N719).

What material has η of 5.96%?

34667

{ "answer_start": [ 140 ], "text": [ "Pt" ] }

10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.11.062

Tafel curves were recorded from−1V to 1Vat the scan rate of 10mVs−1.Photocurrent-photovoltage (J–V) tests of DSSCs with as-prepared CEs and Pt CE were measured with a solar simulator (PVIV-94043A, Newport, USA) under simulated solar illumination of 100mWcm−2 (AM 1.5G).

What material has illumination of 100mWcm−2?

36738

{ "answer_start": [ 66 ], "text": [ "9.17%" ] }

10.1039/C4CP04120H

The total power conversion efficiency (η) was 9.27% for HD-14 and 9.17% for HD-15 compared to 8.92% for N719.It is unfortunate that to date, most of the current energy demands are met by fossil fuels.

What is the value of η?

22938

{ "answer_start": [ 153 ], "text": [ "712 mV" ] }

10.1039/C4RA14029J

The short-circuit current density (JSC), open-circuit potential (VOC) and fill factor (FF) the cell with the RGO/Cu2S QDs hybrid CEs were 14.45 mA cm−2, 712 mV and 0.69, resulting an overall power conversion efficiency (η) of 7.12%, which was comparable to that of the corresponding Pt-based device.

What is the value of VOC?

10318

{ "answer_start": [ 94 ], "text": [ "2.03mA/cm2" ] }

10.1016/j.jcis.2018.01.037

The highest conversion efficiency reaches 1.02% for Zn73Al27O-600, and the FF is 0.72, JSC is 2.03mA/cm2, VOC is 0.69V.

What is the value of JSC?

14612

{ "answer_start": [ 62 ], "text": [ "GU115" ] }

10.1039/C5RA23623A

Consequently, the η was in the order of dyes: DN351 (5.46%) > GU115 (5.19%) > GU116 (4.49%) > GU117 (3.39%).The stability of solar cell upon fluorescence light irradiation is shown in Fig.

What material has η of 5.19%?

36727

{ "answer_start": [ 21 ], "text": [ "34.6" ] }

10.1016/j.dyepig.2007.03.007

The iodide 25 (IPCE: 34.6 and η: 1.00%) showed better performance than the chloride 23 (9.9 and 0.41) and bromide 24 (8.6 and 0.37) (runs 1–3).

What is IPCE?

22823

{ "answer_start": [ 203 ], "text": [ "8.26%" ] }

10.1039/C4TA04208E

DSC cells with both an ultra-thin layer of transparent TiO2 (3.6 μm) and I−/I3− electrolyte were fabricated, for which the symmetric sensitizers TFRS-80a and 80c showed better performances (η = 8.37 and 8.26%) over that of the asymmetric counterpart TFRS-80b (η = 5.55%), the latter suffered from poor dye loading and consequently lowered JSC and VOC.

What is the value of η?

18735

{ "answer_start": [ 123 ], "text": [ "7.72%" ] }

10.1039/C3NR06340B

The DSSCs using the optimized Ag nanoparticle/GNs (Ag/GNs) hybrids as CEs exhibited an energy conversion efficiency (η) of 7.72% with an open circuit voltage (VOC), short circuit current density (JSC), and fill factor (FF) of 730 mV, 14.67 mA cm−2, and 70%, respectively.

What is the value of η?

9197

{ "answer_start": [ 188 ], "text": [ "1.69%" ] }

10.1039/C3RA46212A

The highest light-to-electricity conversion efficiency (η) of 2.13% was realized for the dye CZ-6 based DSSC, which was higher than those achieved for the CZ-4- and CZ-6-sensitized DSSCs (1.69% and 1.30% respectively).Nowadays, the environmental pollution and global warming resulting from the consumption of fossil fuels force us to search for renewable energy sources and retain sustainable development.

What is the value of η?

7909

{ "answer_start": [ 124 ], "text": [ "1.01 V" ] }

10.1039/C4FD00155A

At the optimized LPD duration of 5 h, η as high as 8.61% was obtained accompanied by high Jsc, Voc and FF of 14.20 mA cm−2, 1.01 V and 0.60, respectively.Therefore, by using the rutile TiO2 NR array as a base structure for the LPD-TiO2 nanolayer to support a relatively thick effective CH3NH3PbI3 photoactive layer, we are able to achieve a considerably increased Jsc without obviously compromising Voc (1.01 V) and hence produce a significantly improved η.To control electron injection in carbon-based CH3NH3PbI3 solar cells, we have prepared a TiO2 nanolayer by the LPD method at room temperature.

What is the value of Voc?

17478

{ "answer_start": [ 85 ], "text": [ "8.943mAcm−2" ] }

10.1016/j.dyepig.2011.09.007

The Jsc and Voc of co-sensitized solar cells based on the Zn1/N719/ZnO electrode are 8.943mAcm−2 and 591mV, respectively; the overall solar-to-energy conversion efficiency is 3.378%, which is much higher than that for the DSSC using single organic sensitizer (1.909%).

What is the value of Jsc?

24405

{ "answer_start": [ 77 ], "text": [ "41.2%" ] }

10.1016/j.solmat.2017.02.003

The PCE (FF) of the CH3NH3PbI3 based solar cells can be improved from 8.54% (41.2%) to 10.02% (51.8%) when a TiO2 thin film was used as the buffer layer, while the hysteresis in the J-V curves was reduced.

What is the value of FF?

7809

{ "answer_start": [ 33 ], "text": [ "0.725V" ] }

10.1016/j.optmat.2018.06.011

amantacea was 3.93%, with Voc of 0.725V, Jsc of 8.09 mA/cm−2 and FF of 67.80%.

What is the value of Voc?

21807

{ "answer_start": [ 358 ], "text": [ "FTO" ] }

10.1016/j.jechem.2017.09.027

In this report, we have demonstrated that it is practical to prepare MA and EA mixed-cation lead iodide perovskite of MA1−xEAxPbI3, whose properties are substantially different from the MA–FA mixed-cation perovskites.MAI and EAI were synthesized according to previously reported techniques Mesoporous TiO2 was spin coated by a 20-nm TiO2 paste on the c-TiO2/FTO substrate as previously reported The crystal structures of the perovskite films were measured by a Shimadzu XRD-6100 diffractometer with Cu Kα radiation.

What is substrate?

21228

{ "answer_start": [ 224 ], "text": [ "7.10%" ] }

10.1039/C2TA00494A

The photovoltaic parameters showed a short-circuit current density (JSC) of 12.89 mA cm−2, an open-circuit photovoltage (VOC) of 770 mV, and a fill factor (FF) of 0.72, yielding an overall power conversion efficiency (η) of 7.10%.

What is the value of η?

14332

{ "answer_start": [ 58 ], "text": [ "TiO2" ] }

10.1016/j.micromeso.2014.02.029

The working electrode consists of 6 μm screen printed P25 TiO2 and 6 μm 400 nm TiO2 scattering layer.

What is ?

27250

{ "answer_start": [ 34 ], "text": [ "11.6%" ] }

10.1016/j.materresbull.2018.06.036

As a result, a device with PCE of 11.6% was achieved.One-dimensional (1D) TiO2 nanofibrous film with good morphology and electrical characteristics was prepared by electrospinning technique.

What is the value of PCE?

19973

{ "answer_start": [ 151 ], "text": [ "CH3NH3PbI3" ] }

10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.09.134

On the contrary, the surface of mesoporous TiO2 film on the TiO2-NR-CL shows porous and leachy, which is conducive to the adsorption and deposition of CH3NH3PbI3.A top view SEM image of the perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 deposited on the mesoporous TiO2 film and on TiO2 NR compact layer is given in a, it can be seen that the film is uniform with grains sizing mainly from 200 to 400nm and the number of microscopic pin-holes is low.

What is perovskite?

2383

{ "answer_start": [ 164 ], "text": [ "12.90%" ] }

10.1016/j.orgel.2017.11.044

The optimized HPbI3 concentration is 1.6M, and the corresponding perovskite solar cells exhibit an average Voc of 902mV, Jsc of 21.6mAcm−2, FF of 66.3%, and PCE of 12.90%, which is comparable to the PCEs of HTM-free perovskite solar cells prepared from high pure PbI2 sources a.

What is the value of PCE?

787

{ "answer_start": [ 106 ], "text": [ "62.93%" ] }

10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.10.012

The Pt-based reference DSSCs exhibit an average Jsc of 12.81mAcm−2, Voc of 0.712V, PCE of 5.74% and FF of 62.93%.

What is the value of FF?

19638

{ "answer_start": [ 49 ], "text": [ "NSGPCS" ] }

10.1016/j.electacta.2018.09.063

The Jsc, Voc, and FF of the QDSC fabricated with NSGPCS/Ti counter electrode are 16.58mAcm−2, 0.53V, and 0.60, respectively, yielding a η of 5.27%, which is comparable to the efficiency of the QDSC fabricated with PbS counter electrode.

What material has Voc of 0.53V?

36981

{ "answer_start": [ 144 ], "text": [ "6.85%" ] }

10.1016/j.solener.2019.07.039

PEDOT-Co2P series electrodes exhibit the alike tendency with PEDOT-Ni2P electrodes and the best performed DSSC with PEDOT-Co2P-3 gives a PCE of 6.85%.

What is the value of PCE?

9850

{ "answer_start": [ 214 ], "text": [ "10mm2" ] }

10.1016/j.solener.2019.02.012

The solar cell devices were fabricated with the hole transporting layer of Spiro-OMeTAD by spin coating as described in our earlier reports () followed by 120nm silver electrodes with a mask for the active area of 10mm2.

What is the value of active area?

22765

{ "answer_start": [ 143 ], "text": [ "691V" ] }

10.1016/j.tet.2012.10.046

The short-circuit photocurrent densities (Jsc) are 3.07–7.76mAcm−2, and the open-circuit photovoltages (Voc) are in the range from 0.583V to 0.691V.

What is the value of Voc?

18646

{ "answer_start": [ 159 ], "text": [ "0.72 V" ] }

10.1039/C5TA02120K

Under standard global AM 1.5 solar light conditions, the HECA based-device gives the best conversion efficiency of 9.13% with a Jsc of 16.14 mA cm−2, a Voc of 0.72 V and a FF of 0.77.

What is the value of Voc?

17654

{ "answer_start": [ 187 ], "text": [ "FTO" ] }

10.1039/C4TA00563E

This result is particularly promising considering the lower cost of materials (PEDOT and PET substrates) and the processes (roll-to-roll and electropolymerization) compared to platinized FTO based DSCs.This work was financially supported by the Ministry of Education Tier 2 research grant (MOE2011-T2-2-130).

What is substrate?

30194

{ "answer_start": [ 232 ], "text": [ "13.49%" ] }

10.1039/C7TA09122B

fabricated a fully printable solar cell with sequential deposition of compact TiO2, mesoporous TiO2, porous Al2O3, and porous carbon on FTO-glass and compared the performance of MAPbI3 PSCs (11.94% PCE) with those of MAPbI2.7Br0.3 (13.49%) and MAPbI2.4Br0.6 (11.83%).

What is the value of PCE?

30876

{ "answer_start": [ 4 ], "text": [ "ECNFs" ] }

10.1039/C5RA23856K

The ECNFs–Pt based DSSC exhibited the performance with short circuit density (Jsc) of 13.15 mA cm−2, open circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.80 V, fill factor (FF) of 0.63, and energy conversion efficiency (η) of 6.94%.

What material has Voc of 0.80 V?

36844

{ "answer_start": [ 108 ], "text": [ "15.52%" ] }

10.1039/C8QI00131F

When the Sr content in PbI2 solution is 10 mol%, the PSC exhibits a higher Voc and FF and exhibits a PCE of 15.52% under AM 1.5G solar illumination.

What is the value of PCE?

28761

{ "answer_start": [ 122 ], "text": [ "0.81V" ] }

10.1016/j.rser.2018.03.030

The Rrec of the PEDOT: PSS device (as shown in b) was lower than that of the PPP device, giving rise to a lower Voc (0.77–0.81V) compared to the PPP device, which achieved the highest Voc of 0.99–1.05V The impedance spectra of the glass/FTO/TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au device measured at an open-circuit illustrated an essentially exponential dependence on the open-circuit potential of the recombination resistance Rrec and dielectric relaxation resistance Rdr.

What is the value of Voc?

13078

{ "answer_start": [ 37 ], "text": [ "CoMoSx" ] }

10.1016/j.jpowsour.2019.02.008

Based on these merits, the DSSC with CoMoSx@Ni-CoMoSx as CE catalyst exhibited the highest PCE of 9.30%, which was much superior than that of Pt (8.01%).

What is CE?

1682

{ "answer_start": [ 101 ], "text": [ "0.88±0.05V" ] }

10.1016/j.dyepig.2018.11.005

As a result, PSCs employing ZnChl-1 as HTM show an average PCE of 10.33%, and have the lowest Voc of 0.88±0.05V.

What is the value of Voc?

25501

{ "answer_start": [ 25 ], "text": [ "89 mV" ] }

10.1039/C4RA09727K

While Voc increases from 89 mV to 116 mV monotonically as x increases from 0 to 0.2.In order to clarify the reasons leading to higher Voc for the solar cells based on ternary oxides films.

What is the value of Voc?

20716

{ "answer_start": [ 76 ], "text": [ "5.15%" ] }

10.1039/C5TA03807C

The DSSC cell made with the thinner K1 film yielded a better performance of 5.15% (Jsc = 12.36 mA cm−2, Voc = 0.68 V, FF = 0.61) than that made with a thicker film (η = 4.25%).

What is the value of η?

5256

{ "answer_start": [ 116 ], "text": [ "0.85 V" ] }

10.1039/C6CP07592D

Under similar experimental conditions, the rubrene-based champion device here achieved a PCE of 8.76% with a Voc of 0.85 V, a Jsc of 16.84 mA cm−2, and a FF of 0.61 in the reverse scan direction.

What is the value of Voc?

9778

{ "answer_start": [ 212 ], "text": [ "400" ] }

10.1016/j.electacta.2019.135278

The ionic conductivity of 3.76, 0.47, 0.27, and 0.20μScm−1 were respectively found for the FDSSCs with the TMC photoanode as well as with the TNP/TMC photoanodes prepared using the withdraw rate of 100, 300, and 400mmmin−1 in the dip-coating process, respectively.

What is photoanode?

175

{ "answer_start": [ 243 ], "text": [ "0.94 V" ] }

10.1039/C5NR04076K

Because the number of OA ligands on the TiO2 NR surface was substantially reduced after ligand exchange treatment with PYR, the device consisting of CH3NH3PbI3 and PYR-TiO2 NR hybrids showed an improved power efficiency of 7.56% with a VOC of 0.94 V, a JSC of 13.7 mA cm−2, and an FF of 0.59.

What is the value of VOC?

13247

{ "answer_start": [ 95 ], "text": [ "7.5%" ] }

10.1039/C4RA01858C

Regarding photovoltaic performance, the D–π–A-structured dye yields a higher efficiency (η) of 7.5% with a higher short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 16.36 mA cm−2 and open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 706 mV than that of the D–A–π–A-structured dye.

What is the value of η?

21035

{ "answer_start": [ 0 ], "text": [ "0.83 V" ] }

10.1039/C6RA07068J

The device was measured under AM 1.5 simulated one sun illumination

What is the value of Voc?

38670

{ "answer_start": [ 19 ], "text": [ "5.15" ] }

10.1039/C8CS00029H

The highest PCE of 5.15% at Voc = 478 mV and a FF of 45% (Fig.

What is CE?

2297

{ "answer_start": [ 127 ], "text": [ "22.841mAcm−2" ] }

10.1016/j.orgel.2017.07.047

The co-sensitizer devices had the best performance at a PbS concentration of 2% with a VOC, JSC, FF, and efficiency of 0.557V, 22.841mAcm−2, 0.55, and 6.99%, respectively.

What is the value of JSC?

16

{ "answer_start": [ 183 ], "text": [ "1000 W/m2" ] }

10.1016/j.ijleo.2017.11.073

Finally auto-lab solar simulator (IVT 300) has been utilized to measure I–V curves, open voltage potential (Voc), short circuit current (Jsc), fill factor (FF) and IPCE at AM1.5 sun (1000 W/m2 irradiation) condition.Specimens were weighed at each fabrication step i.e.

What is the value of solar?

17377

{ "answer_start": [ 230 ], "text": [ "1 cm2" ] }

10.1016/j.saa.2014.07.096

Finally the solid residue was filtered to acquire a pure natural dye solution.The TiO2 working electrode was prepared by deposition of TiO2 paste on FTO glass (Sheet resistance 10 Ω sq.−1; BHEL, India) with the active area of 1 × 1 cm2 according to the procedure described elsewhere The absorption spectra of the extracts obtained from grasses were recorded using a UV–Vis spectrophotometer (UV-2450, Shimadzu).

What is the value of active area?

34196

{ "answer_start": [ 54 ], "text": [ "0.78V" ] }

10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.113317

The Voc of NCB@Pd is lower than that of Pt (0.74V and 0.78V) but the incensement in overall efficiency is due to Jsc enhancement, which is in good alignment with electrochemical analysis.

What is the value of Voc?

24380

{ "answer_start": [ 16 ], "text": [ "e" ] }

10.1016/j.ijhydene.2013.05.163

A flow of nitrogen gas was purged in order to avoid contact with atmospheric moisture.The fabricated solar cells were irradiated by a LOT-Oriel GmbH solar simulator 1.5 AM, 1000Wm−2.

What material has solar of 1000Wm−2?

36241

{ "answer_start": [ 232 ], "text": [ "FA.9Cs.1PbI2.9Br.1" ] }

10.1016/j.solmat.2018.02.015

Interfacial engineering was reported to reduce trap-mediated recombination by modification of imperfect chemical interaction at interface, which is responsible for suppression of hysteresis The mixed cation and halide perovskite of FA.9Cs.1PbI2.9Br.1 was prepared and its surface was post-treated with phenylalkylammonium iodide by spin-coating method.

What is perovskite?

27594

{ "answer_start": [ 117 ], "text": [ "490 mV" ] }

10.1016/j.ica.2008.03.053

The short-circuit photocurrent density (Jsc), open-circuit photovoltage (Voc), and fill factor (FF) are 1.58 mA/cm2, 490 mV and 0.65, respectively, yielding an overall conversion efficiency (η) of 0.5%.

What is the value of Voc?

30866

{ "answer_start": [ 107 ], "text": [ "1.61%" ] }

10.1016/j.electacta.2011.06.057

The DSSC without PVP and UV irradiation obtains JSC of 3.35 mA cm−2, VOC of 0.723 V, FF of 0.674, and η of 1.61%; while the DSSC with PVP and UV achieves JSC of 5.44 mA cm−2, VOC of 0.787 V, FF of 0.706, and η of 3.02%, respectively.

What is the value of η?

18788

{ "answer_start": [ 113 ], "text": [ "8.87 V" ] }

10.1039/C7NR08289D

The champion module delivers an efficiency of 11.39%, with an improved Voc of 9.15 V as compared to carbon only (8.87 V), a Jsc of 22.10 mA cm−2 and a FF of 56.70%.

What is the value of Voc?

28357

{ "answer_start": [ 140 ], "text": [ "716 mV" ] }

10.1039/C7RA06906E

The cells based on 1.20 μm hierarchical Zn2SnO4 microspheres shows the best photovoltaic performance with improved Jsc (7.82 mA cm−2), Voc (716 mV) and FF (0.71), leading to an enhanced PCE up to 4.00%.

What is the value of Voc?

27711

{ "answer_start": [ 441 ], "text": [ "TiO2" ] }

10.1039/C5CP01880C

gratefully acknowledges the China Scholarship Council (CSC) for a PhD study fellowship.† Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Comparison of the performance of solar cells with and without a spray pyrolysis compact layer and the SEM picture of the compact layer, the determination of the diffusion coefficient of TEMPO by cyclic voltammetry with a microelectrode, cyclic voltammogram of TEMPO/TEMPO+ and D149/LEG4-sensitized TiO2 film, absorption spectra of D149 and LEG4 sensitized TiO2 film, the effects of lithium salt concentration on the solar cell performance and charge extraction measurements.

What is ?

34280

{ "answer_start": [ 74 ], "text": [ "4.6 mA/cm2" ] }

10.1016/j.jcis.2014.10.055

For the pure In2O3-DSSC, the values of Jsc, Voc and fill factor (FF) were 4.6 mA/cm2, 0.4 V and 26.2%, respectively.

What is the value of Jsc?

31481

{ "answer_start": [ 141 ], "text": [ "I−/I3−" ] }

10.1016/j.electacta.2018.06.031

These measured results indicate that In2.77S4 nanoflakes/graphene composite CEs have the better electrocatalytic activity than Pt CEs toward I−/I3− redox couple.To further test the stability and the reversibility of In2.77S4 nanoflakes/graphene composite CEs, a multicycle successive CV test at a scan rate of 25 mv s−1 is conducted.

What is redox couple?

24618

{ "answer_start": [ 361 ], "text": [ "493 mV" ] }

10.1016/j.ccr.2010.11.006

a bidentate/bridging coordination) carboxyl groups of the unique bipyridine ring and no spectacular differences in performances should be expected from different adsorption mode Although complexes 14 and 15 differ only in the anionic ligand, their photovoltaic performance was significantly different; solar cells of dye 14 gave a Jsc of 0.98 mA cm−2, a Voc of 493 mV and a FF of 0.58, yielding an overall power conversion efficiency (η) of 0.3%.

What is the value of Voc?

21254

{ "answer_start": [ 56 ], "text": [ "15.7%" ] }

10.1039/C4EE00942H

made a planar heterojunction cell and realized a PCE of 15.7%, when he replaced the c-TiO2 and m-TiO2 layers by a single c-ZnO blocking layer but kept the rest of the steps almost the same as those in the work of Burschka (Fig.

What is the value of PCE?

22502

{ "answer_start": [ 126 ], "text": [ "Cs0.1(FA0.83MA0.17)0.9Pb(I0.83Br0.17)3" ] }

10.1016/j.jcis.2018.09.045

Then CsI, pre-dissolved as a 1.5M stock solution in DMSO, was added to the mixed DMF/DMSO solution to achieve the perovskite (Cs0.1(FA0.83MA0.17)0.9Pb(I0.83Br0.17)3) precursor solution.

What is perovskite?

22896

{ "answer_start": [ 237 ], "text": [ "1.65%" ] }

10.1016/j.apsusc.2016.06.146

Importantly, PCE (η) of the DSSC was significantly improved to 3.16% by incorporating a very small amount of RGO into the photoanode, demonstrating a ∼91.5% enhancement in the efficiency when compared to SnO2-only photoanode based DSSC (1.65%).Supplementary data associated with this article can be found, in the online version, at

What is the value of η?

23467

{ "answer_start": [ 25 ], "text": [ "TiO2" ] }

10.1039/C2JM34425D

After dyeadsorption, the TiO2 photoanodes were assembled with various CEs.

What is photoanodes?

17929

{ "answer_start": [ 137 ], "text": [ "9.84%" ] }

10.1039/C5TA01665G

Upon optimization, the device fabricated at a TP3/YR6 molar ratio of 25:1 yielded Jsc = 19.18 mA cm−2, Voc = 0.721 V, FF = 0.712 and η = 9.84%.

What is the value of η?

27106

{ "answer_start": [ 84 ], "text": [ "0.09 cm2" ] }

10.1016/j.tsf.2016.09.039

The solar devices were masked with a metal aperture to determine the active area as 0.09 cm2.

What is the value of active area?

1394

{ "answer_start": [ 223 ], "text": [ "c-TiO2" ] }

10.1039/C7CP04749E

The relative change in PL is a sensitive tool that indicates the degradation of the CH3NH3PbI3 films.To comparatively study the influence of the PbI2 content on the photovoltaic parameters, simple planar devices (glass/FTO/c-TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3/spiro-OMeTAD/Au) without any mesoporous TiO2 layers were prepared using samples A, B, C, D and E under N2 and investigated.

What is FTO?

14684

{ "answer_start": [ 283 ], "text": [ "I−/I3−" ] }

10.1039/C5RA26577K

The first semicircle represents the interfacial resistance at the counter electrode/electrolyte interface (R1), second represents the interfacial resistance at the photoanode/electrolyte interface (R2) or (Rct), and the third represents the impedance due to the diffusion process of I−/I3− redox couple in the electrolyte (Zw).

What is redox couple?

9757

{ "answer_start": [ 108 ], "text": [ "17.66%" ] }

10.1039/C6TA03119F

These fascinating properties make it as an excellent ETL in perovskite solar cells with an excellent PCE of 17.66% and 14.32% in rigid and flexible substrates, respectively.

What is the value of PCE?

19114

{ "answer_start": [ 121 ], "text": [ "7.71%" ] }

10.1039/C5RA03530A

Small-scale solar cells built with TTZ3–7, both transparent and opaque, gave good power conversion efficiencies (η up to 7.71%), which in the case of TTZ5 and TTZ7 were clearly superior to those obtained with standard Ru-dye Z907.

What is the value of η?

11193

{ "answer_start": [ 206 ], "text": [ "7.93%" ] }

10.1039/C4TA02895C

Although this device has the slightly lower Jsc and Voc than those of the DSC based on the liquid electrolyte, the η (7.53%) of this QS-DSC is very close to that of the DSC based on the liquid electrolyte (7.93%).Importantly, although the photovoltaic performances of QS-DSCs based on LMOGs are slightly lower than the corresponding liquid based DSC, they exhibit excellent long-term stability.

What is the value of η?

5732

{ "answer_start": [ 37 ], "text": [ "664 mV" ] }

10.1039/C4RA06823H

8c); 604 mV compares with VOC(max) = 664 mV for N719 measured under the same conditions are the copper(I) dyes (Table 2).

What is the value of VOC?

26789

{ "answer_start": [ 205 ], "text": [ "100mW/cm2" ] }

10.1016/j.tsf.2018.03.017

A solar simulator (Photoemission Tech) with an AM 1.5G filter set was employed to record the photocurrent density – voltage measurements along with the potentiostat (VMP3, BIO-LOGIC) under illumination of 100mW/cm2.

What is the value of solar?

34001

{ "answer_start": [ 153 ], "text": [ "6.14mA/cm2" ] }

10.1016/j.jssc.2018.12.007

In comparison with devices with different ETLs, the IL/C60-based solar cells show greatly improved performance, achieving the PCE of 5.88% with a Jsc of 6.14mA/cm2, a Voc of 1.39V, and a FF of 69.94%.A room temperature solution processed ionic liquids (1-benzyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride)/C60 bilayer were used as the electron transport layer in planar n-i-p structure CH3NH3PbBr3 perovskite solar cells.

What is the value of Jsc?

25200

{ "answer_start": [ 36 ], "text": [ "Ag" ] }

10.1039/C4TA05728G

The perovskite solar cells with the Ag NW/FZO electrode showed improved cell-performance: a FF of 39.5%, a Jsc of 12.2 mA cm−2, a Voc of 0.685 V, and a PCE of 3.29%.

What material has FF of 39.5%?

36628

{ "answer_start": [ 64 ], "text": [ "8.7%" ] }

10.1039/C6TA06987H

Therefore, devices doped with HTM 9 have a higher fill factor (68.7%) and PCE (14.2%) than devices doped with HTM 10 (FF = 63.4%, PCE = 11.8%).As summarized from the works of Qin et al.

What is the value of PCE?

18865

{ "answer_start": [ 415 ], "text": [ "7.53%" ] }

10.1016/j.electacta.2018.08.135

In contrast to PtM and pristine M, it can be seen that the existence of PANi can tune the electronic structure and the surface work function of CE.The liquid-junction DSSC devices are assembled by integrating PtM@PANi CEs with I−/I3− redox electrolyte and N719 dye-sensitized TiO2 photoanodes and the corresponding photovoltaic parameters are summarized in a, the power conversion efficiencies (η) of 8.52%, 8.39%, 7.53%, and 7.36% are determined for the DSSCs tailored by PtNi@PANi NWs, PtFeNi@PANi FAs, PtNi NWs, and PtFeNi FAs, respectively.

What is the value of η?

17077

{ "answer_start": [ 294 ], "text": [ "599 mV" ] }

10.1016/j.electacta.2016.01.108

These adsorbed Li+ ions will in turn attract the I3− ions thus reducing the concentration of free triiodide ions in the electrolyte of the DSC According to the results we obtained, the device containing electrolyte A gave a highest VOC of 657 mV while the cell with electrolyte B showed VOC of 599 mV.

What is the value of VOC?

16089

{ "answer_start": [ 20 ], "text": [ "17.2%" ] }

10.1016/j.nanoen.2016.08.048

Therefore, a PCE of 17.2% can be obtained for the device with PCBDAN, with an increase of 25% compared with the device without PCBDAN.

What is the value of PCE?

32072

{ "answer_start": [ 67 ], "text": [ "13.01%" ] }

10.1016/j.cej.2019.04.099

Thus, the PCE of the PSC can be remarkably enhanced from 10.08% to 13.01%.

What is the value of PCE?

17173

{ "answer_start": [ 78 ], "text": [ "100mWcm−2" ] }

10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.153230

The junction property and performance were measured under the illumination of 100mWcm−2 (Oriel Sol3A, 1600W) [].

What is the value of illumination?

8485

{ "answer_start": [ 210 ], "text": [ "0.80±0.03V" ] }

10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.04.031

When increasing the thickness of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite film up to ∼410nm from spray PbI2 concentration of 11%, comprehensive improvement in photovoltaic parameters (an average Jsc of 17.24±0.70mAcm−2, a Voc of 0.80±0.03V, a FF of 68.7±3.4%, and a PCE of 9.70±0.40% (10.40% in maximum)), even much higher than those of the devices with the other two higher concentration (13% and 15%) of PbI2 precursor ink.

What is the value of Voc?

18493

{ "answer_start": [ 52 ], "text": [ "1.17 V" ] }

10.1016/j.nanoen.2017.08.041

In addition, a higher open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.17 V suggests superb charge selectivity and low degree of charge recombination.

What is the value of VOC?

12931

{ "answer_start": [ 118 ], "text": [ "FTO" ] }

10.1039/C8TA11800K

2b shows the J–V characteristics of Spiro-OMeTAD and Spiro-OMeTAD:MoS2 based on hole-only devices with a structure of FTO/PEDOT:PSS/Spiro-OMeTAD/MoO3/Ag.

What is ?

8289

{ "answer_start": [ 189 ], "text": [ "100mWcm−2" ] }

10.1016/j.orgel.2018.09.040

The solar cell's photoelectric conversion capability is the most direct method of measuring cell performance, using the Keithley 2420 source measurement unit under AM 1.5G illuminations at 100mWcm−2 provided by the Oriel Sol 3 A solar simulator at room temperature.

What is the value of solar?

6938

{ "answer_start": [ 69 ], "text": [ "11.96 mA/cm2" ] }

10.1016/j.solmat.2015.10.045

There is an increase in the short-circuit current density (JSC) from 11.96 mA/cm2 to 20.90 mA/cm2 due to the stronger atomistic interaction between the CH3NH3 cations and Pb–I framework after increasing the annealing temperature from 60 °C to 120 °C.

What is the value of JSC?

32792

{ "answer_start": [ 19 ], "text": [ "SQ" ] }

10.1016/j.dyepig.2014.09.034

In particular, the SQ sensitized solar cell containing 2wt.% DCM-pyran in the electrolyte shows 1.8 times higher photovoltaic performance than that of the pristine DSSCs (without introducing DCM-pyran), with JSC, VOC and FF values of 8.55mA/cm2, 0.69V and 68.28%, respectively, to give a η value of 4.06%.

What material has η of 4.06%?

35910

{ "answer_start": [ 200 ], "text": [ "0.96 V" ] }

10.1039/C7NR08797G

The devices with the PEDOT:PSS-only layer exhibited an overall power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.38% with a short-circuit current density (JSC) of 15.82 mA cm−2, an open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.96 V, and a fill factor (FF) of 62%.

What is the value of VOC?

209

{ "answer_start": [ 105 ], "text": [ "6.28%" ] }

10.1016/j.dyepig.2019.04.048

As a result, DSSCs based on W10 afford an impressive PCE value of 7.62%, which is around 20% higher than 6.28% for W09 sensitized cells.

What is the value of PCE?

8682

{ "answer_start": [ 62 ], "text": [ "10.35%" ] }

10.1016/j.solener.2018.10.013

Obviously, the average PCE value for 20 devices was more than 10.35%, which shows the good reproducibility of the NP-TiO2+MS-TiO2-based DSSC.

What is the value of PCE?

26383

{ "answer_start": [ 152 ], "text": [ "FTO" ] }

10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.05.081

The absorption onset is determined by finding the intersection point of two slopes as indicated in Current density-voltage (J–V) characteristics of the FTO/TiO2/PbS/MAPbI3/Pt hybrid solar cells are acquired under simulated solar irradiation, and the results are shown in .

What is ?

22353

{ "answer_start": [ 517 ], "text": [ "18.49%" ] }

10.1039/C6TA07876A

Upon modifying the TiO2 compact layer, which is commonly used as an electron transport layer (ETL) in regular-structure (n–i–p) planar heterojunction (PHJ) PSCs, by successively incorporating [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM) and an ethanolamine (ETA)-functionalized fullerene (C60-ETA) synthesized facilely via a one-pot nucleophilic addition reaction, the average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the CH3NH3PbI3-based PHJ-PSC devices increased from 13.00% to 16.31%; the best PCE attained was 18.49%, which, to our knowledge, represents the highest PCE reported to date for regular-structure PHJ-PSCs devices based on fullerene-modified TiO2 interlayers.

What is the value of PCE?

410

{ "answer_start": [ 36 ], "text": [ "0.730 V" ] }

10.1016/j.jphotochem.2016.07.021

The increases in Voc (from 0.570 to 0.730 V), Jsc (from 2.8 to 4.0 mA/cm2) and FF (from 57% to 73%) led to an overall improvement in efficiency of over 100%, the value was in fact more than doubled to 1.40% from the initial 0.65%.

What is the value of Voc?

6165

{ "answer_start": [ 123 ], "text": [ "12.48 mAcm−2" ] }

10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.143646

However, the further increase in the MOF concentration (0.75%) caused a decrease in PCE (4.353%), along with those in Jsc (12.48 mAcm−2) and Voc (0.605V), that possibly will be ascribed to the reduction in dye loading capacity, which also results in smaller Jsc.To develop DSSCs having a high PCE, the electron/hole recombination rate needs to be reduced and the electron transport must be enhanced [].

What is the value of Jsc?

29082

{ "answer_start": [ 85 ], "text": [ "3.60mAcm−2" ] }

10.1016/j.apt.2018.12.010

The TiO2 NWs photoanode (Cell-NWs) delivers a short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 3.60mAcm−2, an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.868V, a fill factor (FF) of 67.60% and an only PCE of 2.12%.

What is the value of Jsc?

16354

{ "answer_start": [ 45 ], "text": [ "TiO2" ] }

10.1016/j.orgel.2018.03.009

The optimum spacer layer contains core-shell TiO2@SiO2 particles (300nm-400nm), resulting in the highest shunt resistance and lowest ionic diffusion effects.

What is ?

11760

{ "answer_start": [ 148 ], "text": [ "100mW/cm2" ] }

10.1016/j.dyepig.2019.02.055

The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements of the cells were recorded with Autolab/PGSTAT302N electrochemical workstation, under 100mW/cm2 light illumination, in the frequency range from 50mHz to 100kHz, with logarithmic point spacing, at open circuit potential (OCP) bias, using an alternating low signal with 10mV amplitude.

What is the value of illumination?

27433

{ "answer_start": [ 0 ], "text": [ "CH3NH3PbI3" ] }

10.1016/j.jpowsour.2019.05.067

The average efficiency of optimized device with NCs increases by about 12.78% compared with that of control device

What is perovskite?

38414

{ "answer_start": [ 971 ], "text": [ "Pt" ] }

10.1039/C8TC00611C

Our finding sheds light on why the ternary metal selenides are better than the corresponding binary metal selenides in terms of photovoltaic performance.We are thankful to the National Nature Science Foundation of China (21673049), the STCSM (168014342), the Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (2011-iChEM), and the personalized support from Fudan University for original research for providing the financial support.† Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: The photovoltaic performances for DSSCs with the multinary metal selenides CEs reported in the literatures, XRD patterns of the ternary selenides with different stoichiometric ratios, atomic ratios (Ni:Co:Se) of the as-prepared samples detected by ICP-AES, comparison of photovoltaic performance for DSSCs with various CEs, EDS spectrum and SEM-EDS elemental mapping for Ni0.12Co0.80Se nanoparticles on FTO, electrochemical stability against potential cycling of the Pt and Ni0.12Co0.80Se nanoparticles CEs.

What is CE?

2715

{ "answer_start": [ 56 ], "text": [ "0.98V" ] }

10.1016/j.solener.2019.05.045

Carbon-based PSC has a higher JSC (21.4mA/cm2) and VOC (0.98V), than the conventional and HTM-free PSC.

What is the value of VOC?

27111

{ "answer_start": [ 251 ], "text": [ "18.85mA/cm2" ] }

10.1016/j.electacta.2018.02.137

One can note that the DSSC employed conventional Pt CE resulted in an overall conversion efficiency of 8.00% (Voc=0.72V, Jsc=17.75mA/cm2 and FF=62.3%), while the overall conversion efficiency of the cell using CWS CE improved to 8.94% (Voc=0.74V, Jsc=18.85mA/cm2 and FF=64%) which corresponds to a ∼1.1% of efficiency enhancement relative to Pt cell.

What is the value of Jsc?

13669

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