PATENT DOCUMENT

Abstract:
An information processing apparatus that receives, from another information processing apparatus, first displacement information; senses second displacement information corresponding to movement of the information processing apparatus; and establishes a connection with the another information processing apparatus based on a predetermined relationship between the first displacement information and the second displacement information.

Full Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
       [0001]    This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/640,751, filed Mar. 6, 2013, currently pending, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/667,534 (now U.S. Pat. No. 9,014,681), filed Nov. 2, 2012, which claims the benefit of priority from Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/580,522, filed Dec. 27, 2011. The entire contents of all of the above-noted applications are incorporated herein by reference. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND 
       [0002]    1. Field of the Disclosure 
         [0003]    The present disclosure relates to a technique to facilitate making settings for starting wireless communication between communication apparatuses. 
         [0004]    2. Description of Related Art 
         [0005]    In recent years, wireless communication such as wireless LAN and Bluetooth (registered trademark) has been increasingly used as means for communication between electronic devices such as cellular phone terminals, gaming devices, and television receivers and as means for communication between such a device and an access point. Wireless communication does not require wiring that connects between the electronic devices. Therefore, the use of wireless communication allows even a terminal device for portable use such as a cellular phone terminal to communicate with a desired electronic device. In contrast to such an advantage, wireless communication involves the risk that the content of communication may be intercepted and the risk that an outsider may invade the network. 
         [0006]    In order to avoid such risks, an “authentication” process is normally performed for a terminal that connects to a wireless network. For example, IEEE 802.11 standards prepare two types of authentication methods, namely “Open System Authentication” and “Shared Key Authentication”. In the “Open System Authentication”, when a request for authentication is transmitted from a client, a device that functions as a registrar in which information on clients is registered (hereinafter simply referred to as “registrar”) sends back a response including a message indicating a successful authentication or an authentication error. In the “Shared Key Authentication”, keys are set for both a registrar and a client to perform authentication using a challenge-response method. 
         [0007]    In order to further enhance the security of the wireless LAN, the authentication operation itself is occasionally encrypted. Examples of the encryption method include a WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) method and a WPA (Wireless Protected Access)/WPA2 method. 
         [0008]    In order to make initial settings for starting communication as discussed above, a user is required to perform operations including checking an SSID (Service Set IDentifier) of a device to input the SSID, or selecting an SSID from a list, setting a security key such as a WEP key or a WPA key, and so forth. That is, the operations for setting authentication are troublesome. Further, technical knowledge is required to perform such operations, and therefore it is difficult for a user without such knowledge to even make settings. 
         [0009]    In order to address such issues, a standard called WPS (Wi-Fi Protected Setup) is provided to simplify settings for registering a client in a wireless LAN. The WPS prepares two setting methods, namely a “Push Button Method” and a “PIN Code Method”. 
         [0010]    In the Push Button Method, it is necessary to provide a dedicated button to each of a registrar and a client. Then, a user pushes the dedicated buttons provided in both the registrar and the client to complete security settings using ESSID and WPA2. 
         [0011]    In the “PIN Code Method”, the PIN code assigned in advance to a registrar is registered in a client, or the PIN code generated by the client is registered in the registrar, to accomplish connection between the client and the registrar with ESSID and WPA2 set. Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2004-15558 describes a technique to complete connection settings just by pressing buttons provided in both devices to be connected. 
         [0012]    In the case where the terminal such as a cellular phone terminal device, for example, is significantly small, however, it is occasionally physically difficult to provide a dedicated button. Even in the case where the space for providing a button can be secured, providing a button increases the cost of manufacture. Therefore, it is determined in most cases that providing a button is impractical. In the method in which the PIN code is input for the WPS, it is necessary to input a four-digit or eight-digit number to a device. Therefore, it may take much time for a user unaccustomed to key input to make settings. Further, the PIN code may be input erroneously, which requires a user to input the PIN code again. 
         [0013]    In the case where the Bluetooth is used as the communication means, it is also necessary to make initial settings prior to data transmission and reception. In the Bluetooth, a process called “pairing” is performed before connection is established. In the “pairing”, scanning is performed to find “connectable devices” around a terminal, and the MAC addresses and the model numbers (device names) of the detected devices are displayed in a list. Then, terminal identification information etc. is exchanged between the terminal and a device in the list selected by a user as the “device with which it is desired to communicate”, thereby accomplishing the pairing. That is, the user is inevitably required to take the troublesome procedures of performing scanning to find communicable devices and selecting one of the devices using information such as MAC addresses and device names displayed in a list before starting communication. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0014]    The inventor of the present disclosure recognizes the need to allow initial settings made prior to establishment of connection for wireless communication to be made through a simple operation. 
         [0015]    According to a first embodiment, the disclosure is directed to an information processing apparatus that receives, from another information processing apparatus, first displacement information; senses second displacement information corresponding to movement of the information processing apparatus; and establishes a connection with the another information processing apparatus based on a predetermined relationship between the first displacement information and the second displacement information. 
         [0016]    According to another exemplary embodiment, the disclosure is directed to a method performed by an information processing apparatus. The method including receiving, at an interface of the information processing apparatus, from another information processing apparatus, first displacement information; sensing second displacement information corresponding to movement of the information processing apparatus; and controlling, by a processor of the information processing apparatus, the interface to establish a connection with the another information processing apparatus based on a predetermined relationship between the first displacement information and the second displacement information. 
         [0017]    According to another exemplary embodiment, the disclosure is directed to a non-transitory computer-readable medium including computer program instructions, which when executed by an information processing apparatus, cause the information processing apparatus to: receive, from another information processing apparatus, first displacement information; sense second displacement information corresponding to movement of the information processing apparatus; and control the interface to establish a connection with the another information processing apparatus based on a predetermined relationship between the first displacement information and the second displacement information. 
         [0018]    According to the embodiment of the present disclosure, initial settings for wireless connection with a device that is capable of wireless communication and that is present right in front of the terminal itself can be made through an easy operation. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
         [0019]      FIGS. 1A-1C  are diagrams showing examples of the configuration of and the process performed by a communication system according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure. 
           [0020]      FIG. 2  is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of a cellular phone terminal device according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure. 
           [0021]      FIG. 3  is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of a cellular phone terminal device according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure. 
           [0022]      FIG. 4  is a flowchart showing an example of the process performed by the communication system according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure. 
           [0023]      FIGS. 5A-5B  are diagrams showing an example of the process performed by a communication system according to a modification of the first embodiment of the present disclosure. 
           [0024]      FIGS. 6A-6C  are diagrams showing an example of the process performed by the communication system according to the modification of the first embodiment of the present disclosure. 
           [0025]      FIG. 7  is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of a cellular phone terminal device according to the modification of the first embodiment of the present disclosure. 
           [0026]      FIG. 8  is a flowchart showing an example of the process performed by the communication system according to the modification of the first embodiment of the present disclosure. 
           [0027]      FIGS. 9A-9C  are diagrams showing an example of the configuration of and the process performed by a communication system according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure. 
           [0028]      FIG. 10  is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of a cellular phone terminal device according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure. 
           [0029]      FIG. 11  is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of a cellular phone terminal device according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure. 
           [0030]      FIG. 12  is a flowchart showing an example of the process performed by the communication system according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure. 
           [0031]      FIGS. 13A-13C  are diagrams showing an example of the configuration of and the process performed by a communication system according to a third embodiment of the present disclosure. 
           [0032]      FIGS. 14A-14B  are diagrams showing an example of the configuration of and the process performed by a communication system according to the third embodiment of the present disclosure. 
           [0033]      FIG. 15  is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of a cellular phone terminal device according to the third embodiment of the present disclosure. 
           [0034]      FIG. 16  is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of a cellular phone terminal device according to the third embodiment of the present disclosure. 
           [0035]      FIG. 17  is a flowchart showing an example of the process performed by the communication system according to the third embodiment of the present disclosure. 
           [0036]      FIGS. 18A-18C  are diagrams showing an example of the configuration of and the process performed by a communication system according to a fourth embodiment of the present disclosure. 
           [0037]      FIG. 19  is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of an access point according to the fourth embodiment of the present disclosure. 
           [0038]      FIG. 20  is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of a cellular phone terminal device according to the fourth embodiment of the present disclosure. 
           [0039]      FIG. 21  is a flowchart showing an example of the process performed by the communication system according to the fourth embodiment of the present disclosure. 
           [0040]      FIG. 22  is a flowchart showing an example of the process performed by a communication system according to a modification of the present disclosure. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0041]    An example of a terminal device, an information processing method, and a program according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described below with reference to the drawings in the following order: 
         [0000]    1. First embodiment (an example of a case where wireless connection is started in accordance with the content of a gesture for starting to make initial settings for wireless connection (hereinafter referred to as a “wireless connection starting motion”))
 
2. Modification of first embodiment
 
3. Second embodiment (an example of a case where wireless connection is started in the case where a wireless connection starting motion is performed exactly as a pattern determined in advance)
 
4. Third embodiment (an example of a case where wireless connection is performed using information on the direction in which a wireless connection starting motion is performed)
 
5. Fourth embodiment (an example of a case where authentication for wireless connection is made in accordance with the content of a gesture)
 
6. Various modifications
 
       1. First Embodiment 
     1-1. Overview of Configuration of and Process Performed by Communication System 
       [0042]    A communication system  1  shown in  FIGS. 1A-1C  is formed by a cellular phone terminal device  100 A serving as a communication apparatus and a cellular phone terminal device  100 B serving as a second communication apparatus. The cellular phone terminal device  100 A and the cellular phone terminal device  100 B have a function to perform wireless communication. A standard for wireless communication that allows wireless communication not via an access point or a router such as Wi-Fi Direct, for example, is used. 
         [0043]    The cellular phone terminal devices  100 A and  100 B include an acceleration sensor serving as a displacement sensor. The acceleration sensor detects and outputs acceleration, which is the time-variation rate (time differential) of the speed. In the embodiment of the present disclosure, a 3-axis acceleration sensor capable of detecting acceleration in the directions of three axes, namely x-axis (transverse direction), y-axis (vertical direction), and z-axis (depth direction), for example, is used as the acceleration sensor. In the present disclosure, the acceleration detected along the three axes is used to determine what gesture (motion) is made by a user holding the cellular phone terminal device  100 A or  100 B. The acceleration sensor and the gesture determination process will be discussed in detail later. 
         [0044]    The term “gesture” as used herein means a body motion and a hand motion consciously made by the user. In the following description, it is considered and stated that a predetermined gesture is input to a terminal in the case where the user holding the terminal makes the predetermined gesture. 
         [0045]    In the embodiment, in the case where respective users of two cellular phone terminal devices, between which it is desired to transmit and receive data via wireless communication, input generally the same gesture to the cellular phone terminal devices, an initial setting process for wireless connection between the two terminals is started. In the example shown in  FIGS. 1A-1C , the cellular phone terminal device  100 A functions as a registrar (serves as a “Group Owner” specified in accordance with the Wi-Fi Direct). 
         [0046]    First, in the case where the user makes a gesture of swinging the cellular phone terminal device  100 B downward as shown in  FIG. 1A , the cellular phone terminal device  100 B is triggered upon detection of the gesture to set up a beacon. Acceleration information indicating the content of the gesture made by the user and terminal identification information on the cellular phone terminal device  100 B such as MAC address, for example, are superimposed on the beacon. The beacon signal with such information superimposed is broadcast. In the following description, signals notifying surrounding devices of the presence of the device itself and signals transmitted as a response to such notifications, that is, various signals transferred between two terminals before a data link is established, are all referred to as “beacon (signal)”. 
         [0047]    The cellular phone terminal device  100 A acquires the acceleration information and the terminal identification information sent as superimposed on the beacon, and stores the information in the terminal device  100 A. Then, in the case where a predetermined gesture is input by the user, the cellular phone terminal device  100 A compares acceleration information resulting from the gesture and the stored acceleration information. In the case where it is determined as a result of the comparison that the gesture input to the mating terminal, that is, the cellular phone terminal device  100 B, and the gesture input to the terminal device  100 A are generally the same as each other, the cellular phone terminal device  100 A authenticates the cellular phone terminal device  100 B. 
         [0048]    Subsequently, as shown in  FIG. 1B , the cellular phone terminal device  100 A transmits terminal identification information on the device itself to the cellular phone terminal device  100 B. This process ensures that the cellular phone terminal device  100 A and the cellular phone terminal device  100 B have recognized each other&#39;s terminal identification information. Then, a connection setting process (association) is performed between the cellular phone terminal devices  100 A and  100 B using each other&#39;s terminal identification information to establish a data link between the cellular phone terminal devices  100 A and  100 B, thereby enabling transmission of data frames (connection settings completed; see  FIG. 1C ). 
         [0049]    In the embodiment, it is determined using a value obtained from the acceleration sensor what gesture (motion) is input from the user. However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Other sensors such as an angular speed sensor (gyro sensor) and a terrestrial magnetism sensor may also be used as the displacement sensor. 
         [0050]    In the embodiment, the terminal devices forming the communication system  1  are the cellular phone terminal device  100 A and the cellular phone terminal device  100 B. However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto. The present disclosure may also be applied to other terminal devices with a wireless communication function such as television receivers, tablet terminals, personal computers, gaming devices, and audio players. 
       1-2. Example of Configuration of Cellular Phone Terminal Devices 
       [0051]    Next, an example of the configuration of the cellular phone terminal device  100 A and the cellular phone terminal device  100 B will be described with reference to  FIGS. 2 and 3 . The cellular phone terminal device  100 B serves as the terminal to which a gesture for starting to make connection settings is first input, and the cellular phone terminal device  100 A serves as the terminal to which the same gesture as the gesture input to the cellular phone terminal device  100 B is input. First, an example of the configuration of the cellular phone terminal device  100 A will be described with reference to  FIG. 2 . 
         [0052]    The cellular phone terminal device  100 A includes an antenna  101  that transmits and receives a radio wave to and from a base station for wireless telephony, a first communication processing section  102  to which the antenna  101  is connected, and a control section  110 . The cellular phone terminal device  100 A also includes a sound processing section  103 , a speaker  104 , and a microphone  105 . 
         [0053]    The first communication processing section  102  performs wireless communication with the base station for wireless telephony under control by the control section  110 . During a voice call, sound data contained in data received by the first communication processing section  102  are supplied to the sound processing section  103 . Then, the sound processing section  103  performs a decoding process on the sound data to obtain an analog sound signal. The analog sound signal obtained by the sound processing section  103  is supplied to the speaker  104  to be output as a sound. A sound signal collected and obtained by the microphone  105  is also supplied to the sound processing section  103  to be encoded by the sound processing section  103  into sound data using a predetermined encoding scheme. Then, the obtained sound data are supplied to the first communication processing section  102  to be radiated as a radio wave through the antenna  101 . 
         [0054]    The respective processing sections such as the first communication processing section  102  and the sound processing section  103  exchange control data with the control section  110  via a control line CL, and transfer data via a data line DL. 
         [0055]    The cellular phone terminal device  100 A also includes a display section  106  formed by an LCD (Liquid Crystal Display), an organic EL (Electro Luminescence) display, or the like, and an operation section  107  formed by an operation key, a touch panel, or the like. The display section  106  displays information necessary to make or receive a telephone call, information such as the destination and the message of an electronic mail, an image obtained through connection to the Internet, information obtained along with execution of various functions provided by the cellular phone terminal device  100 , and so forth. Display on the display section  106  is controlled by the control section  110 . The operation section  107  converts the content input by the user into an operation signal to transmit the operation signal to the control section  110 . 
         [0056]    The control section  110  is formed by a microprocessor or the like, and performs communication control, sound processing and control, image processing and control, and various other signal processing and control for the respective sections. A storage section  108 A formed by a non-volatile memory or the like is connected to the control section  110  via the control line CL and the data line DL. The storage section  108 A stores various data required by the cellular phone terminal device  100 A. The storage section  108 A includes an acceleration information holding section  181 , an acceleration information storage section  182 , and a terminal identification information storage section  183 . 
         [0057]    The acceleration information holding section  181  is an area in which information on the acceleration detected by an acceleration sensor  113  to be discussed later is held. The acceleration information storage section  182  is an area in which the acceleration information transmitted from the mating terminal as superposed on the beacon is stored. The terminal identification information storage section  183  is an area in which the terminal identification information transmitted from the mating terminal as superposed on the beacon along with the acceleration information is stored. The process of extracting the acceleration information and the terminal identification information from packets of the beacon is performed by a second communication processing section  11 A to be discussed later. 
         [0058]    The cellular phone terminal device  100 A also includes the second communication processing section  111 A to which an antenna  112  is connected, the acceleration sensor  113 , a motion detection section  114 , and a motion determination section  115 . The second communication processing section  111 A performs wireless communication with surrounding devices via the antenna  112  through procedures based on a predetermined communication standard. 
         [0059]    The acceleration sensor  113  is formed as a 3-axis acceleration sensor, for example, as discussed earlier, and detects acceleration applied in the directions of x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis of the sensor and converts the detected acceleration into a digital value to output the digital value as an acceleration value. For example, in the case where a sensor capable of detecting an acceleration of up to 2 G in each of the positive direction and the negative direction is used, the acceleration sensor  113  can acquire an acceleration value in the range from −2 G (“0x80”) to +2 G (“0x7F”). 
         [0060]    The motion detection section  114  detects the content of a gesture. In the case where a gesture with some intention made by the user is input, the motion detection section  114  detects the gesture to transmit the obtained detection results to the acceleration information holding section  181  of the storage section  108 A. More particularly, the motion detection section  114  calculates the characteristic amount of the gesture using acceleration values (2-dimensional acceleration vector) detected in three acceleration planes, namely x-y plane, z-x plane, and x-y plane. 
         [0061]    Extraction of the characteristic amount of the gesture is started using, as the start point, a point at which the sign of the acceleration value is inverted and at which the amount of variation from the preceding obtained acceleration value exceeds a threshold set in advance. Then, extraction of the characteristic amount of the gesture is ended using a point at which the acceleration value becomes equal to or less than a predetermined threshold as the end point. Analyzing the acceleration values obtained at points between the start point and the end point makes it possible to extract global characteristics of the gesture input to the terminal. 
         [0062]    For example, in the case where the user inputs a gesture of swinging the terminal upward to above his/her head and then downward, the sign of the acceleration value is inverted and the acceleration value which has been 0 or close to 0 is varied to a large value at the time when the user starts swinging the terminal upward to above his/her head. That is, extraction of the characteristic amount of the gesture is started using this point as the start point. When the user swings the terminal downward from above his/her head to a stationary state, the acceleration value becomes 0 or close to 0, and this point is detected as the end point. 
         [0063]    The value stored in the acceleration information holding section  181  may be the acceleration value as acquired by the acceleration sensor  113 . However, the acceleration value may be rounded into an approximate value to be stored. The sensitivity of an element forming the acceleration sensor may vary more or less, and therefore the detected acceleration values may be subject to individual differences. Hence, making a strict comparison between the acceleration values as detected is often impractical and insignificant. 
         [0064]    It is assumed that the user makes a gesture of swinging the cellular phone terminal device  100 A downward from above his/her head, for example. In the case where such a gesture is performed, it is predicted that acceleration with a certain magnitude or more is applied in the y-axis direction (the acceleration plane including the y-axis). That is, information on acceleration applied in the x-axis direction and the z-axis direction (x-z plane) at this time is unnecessary from the viewpoint of determining the gesture. Thus, in the case where acceleration with a certain magnitude or more is applied in the y-axis direction, the acceleration value detected in the y-axis direction is rounded to a predetermined threshold or less, and the acceleration values applied in the x-axis direction and the z-axis direction (x-z plane) are brought to zero. 
         [0065]    A description is made using specific acceleration values. It is assumed that a threshold for y-axis (x-y plane and y-z plane) is set in advance to “0x40”, and that a threshold for y-axis and z-axis (x-z plane) is set in advance to “0x20”. It is then assumed that acceleration values of “0x45”, “0x40”, and “0x05” are detected for y-axis, x-axis, and z-axis, respectively, for example. In this case, the acceleration value for y-axis is rounded to “0x40” set as the threshold, and the acceleration values for x-axis and z-axis are stored as zero (0x00). That is, the thus generated approximate values are used as the acceleration information. 
         [0066]    As an alternative to the approximate values obtained by rounding the acceleration values, binary information indicating whether or not a predetermined gesture is made may be used as the acceleration information. In the example discussed above, in the case where the acceleration value applied in the y-axis direction (detected in the acceleration plane including y-axis) exceeds a threshold, it is determined that the predetermined gesture is input to turn on (“1”) a flag value. Further, wireless connection setting may be started when the same gesture is input a plurality of times. In this case, only the number of times that the gesture is input may be stored as the acceleration information. 
         [0067]    The motion determination section  115  compares the acceleration information (second acceleration information) transmitted from the cellular phone terminal device  100 B serving as the mating terminal and the acceleration information (first acceleration information) based on the gesture detected by the terminal device  100 A to determine whether or not the two pieces of acceleration information coincide with each other. That is, the motion determination section  115  compares the acceleration values acquired by the respective terminals, or the acceleration information calculated on the basis of the acceleration values, or the binarized acceleration information (flag value), to determine whether the user of the cellular phone terminal device  100 A and the user of the cellular phone terminal device  100 B made the same gesture as each other. Then, the motion determination section  115  transmits the determination results to the control section  110 . Even if the received acceleration information and the acceleration information input to the terminal device  100 A do not perfectly coincide with each other, the motion determination section  115  may assume that a coincidence is made and proceed with the process if the difference between the two values falls within a predetermined threshold range. 
         [0068]    The second communication processing section  111 A starts transmission of the beacon on the basis of control by the control section  110  in the case where the motion determination section  115  determines that the gestures input to the two terminals are the same as each other. Then, the second communication processing section  111 A superposes the acceleration information acquired by the acceleration sensor  113  and the terminal identification information on the terminal device  100 A on packets of the beacon. At this time, various information required to perform communication such as SSID, information on wireless transfer rates supported, the number of the wireless channel used, and the encryption method used is also sent together. 
         [0069]    The second communication processing section  111 A also authenticates the mating terminal, along with starting transmission of the beacon, in the case where the motion determination section  115  determines that the gestures input to the two terminals are the same as each other. The term authentication as used herein refers to authentication specified as “Authentication” in the IEEE 802.11 standards, for example. Subsequently, when a request for connection is transmitted from the mating terminal, the second communication processing section  111 A sends a response indicating acceptance of the request. Consequently, connection settings (initial settings) required for wireless communication between the cellular phone terminal devices  100 A and  100 B are completed to establish a data link. That is, transmission of data frames between the cellular phone terminal devices  100 A and  100 B is enabled. 
         [0070]    Authentication that uses an encryption method such as WEP and WPA/WPA2 may be performed as required after connection settings are completed. 
         [0071]    Next, an example of the configuration of the cellular phone terminal device  100 B will be described with reference to  FIG. 3 . In the embodiment, the cellular phone terminal device  100 B serves as the terminal to which a gesture for starting to make connection settings required for wireless communication is input. The cellular phone terminal device  100 B transmits a request for connection to the cellular phone terminal device  100 A using the terminal identification information on the cellular phone terminal device  100 A transmitted as superposed on the beacon. Components in  FIG. 3  corresponding to those in  FIG. 2  are denoted by the same reference symbols to omit overlapping description. 
         [0072]    The configuration of the cellular phone terminal device  100 B is different from the configuration of the cellular phone terminal device  100 A shown in  FIG. 2  in the configuration of a storage section  108 B and in not including the motion determination section  115  (see  FIG. 2 ) included in the cellular phone terminal device  100 A. The storage section  108 B includes the acceleration information holding section  181 . The acceleration information holding section  181  holds acceleration information acquired by the acceleration sensor  113  and converted into an approximate value or a binary value by the motion detection section  114 . 
         [0073]    The second communication processing section  111 B starts transmission of a beacon on the basis of control by the control section  110  in the case where the motion detection section  114  determines that a predetermined gesture is input by the user. More particularly, the second communication processing section  111 B sets up the beacon at the timing when the motion detection section  114  detects the end point of the gesture. Then, the second communication processing section  111 B transmits the acceleration information held in the acceleration information holding section  181  and the terminal identification information on the terminal device  100 B as superposed on the beacon. 
         [0074]    The second communication processing section  111 B also transmits a request for connection to the cellular phone terminal device  100 A using the terminal identification information on the cellular phone terminal device  100 A transmitted as superposed on the beacon. 
       1-3. Example of Information Processing Performed by Communication System 
       [0075]    Next, an example of the flow of information processing performed by the communication system  1  formed by the cellular phone terminal device  100 A and the cellular phone terminal device  100 B discussed above will be described with reference to the flowchart of  FIG. 4 . First, when a predetermined gesture is input from the user to the cellular phone terminal device  100 B (step S 1 ), the motion detection section  114  acquires an acceleration value detected by the acceleration sensor  113  (see  FIG. 3 ) as acceleration information (step S 2 ). Subsequently, the control section  110  determines whether or not the end point of the gesture is detected by the motion detection section  114  (step S 3 ). The process in step S 2  is continued while the end point is not detected. 
         [0076]    In the case where the end point of the gesture is detected, the second communication processing section  111 B sets up a beacon (step S 4 ), and transmits the acceleration information acquired in step S 2  and terminal identification information on the terminal device  100 B as superposed on the beacon (step S 5 ). 
         [0077]    In the cellular phone terminal device  100 A, the acceleration information and the terminal identification information transmitted from the cellular phone terminal device  100 B as superposed on the beacon are stored in the acceleration information storage section  182  and the terminal identification information storage section  183  (see  FIG. 2 ), respectively (step S 6 ). Subsequently, when the motion detection section  114  detects that a predetermined gesture is input by the user (step S 7 ), the motion determination section  115  acquires an acceleration value detected by the acceleration sensor  113  as acceleration information (step S 8 ). 
         [0078]    Then, the motion determination section  115  determines whether or not the end point of the predetermined gesture is detected (step S 9 ). The process in step S 8  is continued until the end point is detected. In the case where the end point of the predetermined gesture is detected, the control section  110  subsequently determines whether the acceleration information obtained by analyzing the gesture and the acceleration information transmitted from the cellular phone terminal device  100 B coincide with each other (step S 10 ). 
         [0079]    In the case where the two pieces of acceleration information do not coincide with each other, the process is terminated. In the case where the two pieces of acceleration information coincide with each other, the second communication processing section  111 A authenticates the terminal having the terminal identification information stored in the terminal identification information storage section  183  in step S 6  (cellular phone terminal device  100 B) (step S 11 ). At the same time, the second communication processing section  111 A transmits terminal identification information on the terminal device  100 A to the authenticated terminal (step S 12 ). Consequently, a connection setting process is started (step S 13 ), and a predetermined sequence determined in accordance with a wireless communication standard is executed to complete the connection setting process (step S 14 ). 
         [0080]    According to the embodiment discussed above, the sequence for initial settings required to start communication is started by the user of the cellular phone terminal device  100 A and the user of the cellular phone terminal device  100 B just by inputting the same gesture to the terminals to complete initial settings. This eliminates the need to provide the terminals with a dedicated button for starting connection settings or the like. 
         [0081]    According to the embodiment discussed above, in addition, in the case where the gesture input to a terminal and the gesture input to its mating terminal coincide with each other, the mating terminal is authenticated. Thus, the user can save the trouble of checking an SSID of the mating terminal to input the SSID, or selecting an SSID from a list, and inputting information such as PIN code for use for authentication according to a standard such as WPS. 
         [0082]    In the embodiment discussed above, connection settings are made in the case where terminals that desire to communicate with each other input the same gesture to each other. However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, the terminal to which a gesture for starting to make connection settings may transmit to the mating terminal additional information indicating the content of a gesture along with the acceleration information and the terminal identification information. Then, the mating terminal may be authenticated in the case where the same gesture as the gesture indicated by the additional information is input. 
       2. Modification of First Embodiment 
     2-1. Overview of Configuration of and Process Performed by Communication System 
       [0083]      FIG. 5  shows the outline of information processing performed by a communication system  1 ′ configured in this way.  FIG. 5A  shows a user Ua and a user Ub that desire to transmit and receive data to and from each other, showing a state in which the user Ub makes a gesture for starting to make connection settings by rotating a cellular phone terminal device  100 B′ counterclockwise. 
         [0084]    When such a gesture is input, additional information indicating the content of a gesture is transmitted, in addition to acceleration information and terminal identification information, from the cellular phone terminal device  100 B′ held by the user Ub to a cellular phone terminal device  100 A′ held by the user Ua as shown in  FIG. 5B . In the example of  FIG. 5B , information on a text “REVERSE ACTION” is transmitted as the additional information to be displayed on the display section  106  of the cellular phone terminal device  100 A′ 
         [0085]    As shown in  FIG. 6A , the user Ua holding the cellular phone terminal device  100 A′ with the additional information displayed on the display section  106  makes a gesture exactly as indicated on the display section  106 . “REVERSE ACTION” is a message for a command to input a gesture corresponding to “REVERSE ACTION” of the gesture input by the user Ub of the cellular phone terminal device  100 B′ serving as the mating terminal. Therefore, the user Ua of the cellular phone terminal device  100 A′ inputs a gesture corresponding to “REVERSE ACTION” of the counterclockwise gesture (see  FIG. 5A ) input by the user Ub. That is, the user Ua inputs a gesture of rotating the cellular phone terminal device  100 A′ clockwise. This allows the cellular phone terminal device  100 A′ and the cellular phone terminal device  100 B′ to authenticate each other to complete connection settings required for wireless communication as shown in  FIG. 6C . 
       2-2. Example of Configuration of Cellular Phone Terminal Devices 
       [0086]    Subsequently, an example of the configuration of the cellular phone terminal device  100 B′ which receives the additional information will be described with reference to  FIG. 7 . Components in  FIG. 7  corresponding to those in  FIG. 3  are denoted by the same reference symbols to omit overlapping description. The configuration of the cellular phone terminal device  100 B′ is different from the configuration of the cellular phone terminal device  100 B shown in  FIG. 3  in the configuration of a storage section  108 B′ and in that the cellular phone terminal device  100 B′ includes the motion determination section  115  and an acceleration pattern generation section  116 . The storage section  108 B′ includes the acceleration information holding section  181 , the acceleration information storage section  182 , and the terminal identification information storage section  183 . 
         [0087]    The acceleration pattern generation section  116  generates an acceleration pattern serving as a reference value corresponding to a gesture to be input by the user on the basis of the acceleration information and the additional information transmitted from the mating terminal. 
         [0088]    The motion determination section  115  shown in  FIG. 7  determines whether the acceleration information received and stored in the acceleration information storage section  182  coincides with the acceleration pattern generated by the acceleration pattern generation section  116  to output the determination results to the control section  110 . A second communication processing section  111 B′ approves the mating terminal in the case where the motion determination section  115  determines that the acceleration information resulting from the gesture input to the terminal device  100 B′ coincides with the acceleration pattern. Then, the second communication processing section  111 B′ transmits terminal identification information on the terminal device  100 B′ to the mating terminal. 
       2-3. Example of Information Processing Performed by Communication System 
       [0089]      FIG. 8  is a flowchart showing an example of the process performed between the cellular phone terminal device  100 A′ and the cellular phone terminal device  100 B′. First, when a predetermined gesture is input from the user Ub to the cellular phone terminal device  100 B′ (step S 21 ), the motion detection section  115  acquires an acceleration value detected by the acceleration sensor  113  (see  FIG. 7 ) as acceleration information (step S 22 ). Subsequently, the motion determination section  115  determines whether or not the end point of the gesture is detected (step S 23 ). The process in step S 22  is continued while the end point is not detected. 
         [0090]    In the case where the end point of the gesture is detected, the second communication processing section  111 B′ sets up a beacon (step S 24 ), and transmits the acceleration information acquired in step S 22 , terminal identification information on the terminal device  100 B′, and additional information as superposed on the beacon (step S 25 ). A random value generated by the control section  110  of the cellular phone terminal device  100 B′ is used as the additional information. 
         [0091]    In the cellular phone terminal device  100 A′, the acceleration information and the terminal identification information transmitted from the cellular phone terminal device  100 B′ as superposed on the beacon are stored in the acceleration information storage section  182  and the terminal identification information storage section  183 , respectively (step S 26 ). Subsequently, the acceleration pattern generation section  116  generates an acceleration pattern on the basis of the received additional information (step S 27 ). At the same time, the additional information received from the cellular phone terminal device  100 B′ is displayed on the display section  106  under control by the control section  110  (step S 28 ). 
         [0092]    Subsequently, when it is detected that a predetermined gesture is input by the user (step S 29 ), the motion determination section  115  acquires an acceleration value detected by the acceleration sensor  113  as acceleration information (step S 30 ). Subsequently, the motion determination section  115  determines whether or not the end point of the predetermined gesture is detected (step S 31 ). The process in step S 30  is continued until the end point is detected. In the case where the end point of the gesture is detected, the motion determination section  115  determines whether the acceleration information obtained by analyzing the gesture and the acceleration pattern generated in step S 27  coincide with each other (step S 32 ). 
         [0093]    In the case where the acceleration information does not coincide with the acceleration pattern, the process is terminated. In the case where the acceleration information coincides with the acceleration pattern, the second communication processing section  111 A authenticates the terminal having the terminal identification information stored in the terminal identification information storage section  183  in step S 26 , that is, the cellular phone terminal device  100 B′ (step S 33 ). At the same time, the second communication processing section  111 A transmits terminal identification information on the terminal device  100 A′ to the terminal authenticated in step S 33  (step S 34 ). A connection setting process is started on the basis of this process (step S 35 ), and a predetermined sequence determined in accordance with a wireless communication standard is executed to complete the connection setting process (step S 36 ). 
         [0094]    According to the embodiment discussed above, the probability that a connection setting process is performed with a terminal other than the desired terminal can be reduced compared to the technique described in relation to the first embodiment. In the first embodiment, for example, in the case where a gesture for starting to make connection settings is input by a person that is different from the mate with which it is desired to start communication, connection setting may be started with the different person. That is, in the case where a gesture of swinging an arm downward from above the head is made as the gesture for starting to make connection settings and where a different user staying nearby happens to make the same gesture, connection setting may be made with the different user. 
         [0095]    According to the method described in relation to the modification of the first embodiment, in contrast, connection setting is made with the terminal to which the gesture indicated by the additional information is input. Thus, even in the case where a different user that saw the gesture for starting to make connection settings makes the same gesture, or in the case where a different user happens to make the same gesture, connection setting is not started with such users. That is, even if a different user staying at a location that a radio wave does not reach (where the additional information cannot be received) sees the gesture for starting to make connection settings and makes a similar motion, connection setting is not started with the different user. Thus, connection setting can be made more reliably with the desired mate. 
         [0096]    In the example shown in  FIGS. 5A to 8 , the acceleration pattern based on the additional information is generated by the cellular phone terminal device  100 A′ which receives the additional information. However, the acceleration pattern may be generated by the cellular phone terminal device  100 B′ which generates the additional information. 
       3. Second Embodiment 
     3-1. Overview of Configuration of and Process Performed by Communication System 
       [0097]    Next, an overview of the configuration of and the process performed by a communication system  1  according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure will be described with reference to  FIGS. 9A-9C . In the second embodiment, the content of a gesture for starting to make settings for wireless connection is determined in advance, and connection setting is started in the case where a gesture exactly as determined is input to one of two terminals, between which it is desired to start communication. 
         [0098]    First, in the case where the user inputs a gesture of swinging a cellular phone terminal device  100 Aα downward from above as shown in  FIG. 9A , the cellular phone terminal device  100 Aα is triggered upon detection of the gesture to start transmitting a beacon. Acceleration information indicating the content of the gesture made by the user and terminal identification information on the cellular phone terminal device  100 Aα are superimposed on the beacon. 
         [0099]    A cellular phone terminal device  100 Bα acquires the acceleration information and the terminal identification information sent as superimposed on the beacon, and stores the information in the terminal device  100 Bα. Then, in the case where the received acceleration information coincides with an acceleration pattern determined in advance, a set of the acceleration information received from the cellular phone terminal device  100 Aα and terminal identification information on the terminal device  100 Bα is transmitted as superposed on a beacon as shown in  FIG. 9B . 
         [0100]    Subsequently, the cellular phone terminal device  100 Aα determines whether the acceleration information transmitted from the cellular phone terminal device  100 Bα coincides with acceleration information which the terminal device  100 Aα already transmitted through broadcasting. That is, it is checked whether or not the terminal having the terminal identification information transmitted to the terminal device  100 Aα matches the mating terminal to which the terminal device  100 Aα sent the acceleration information. 
         [0101]    Then, in the case where the acceleration information sent to the terminal device  100 Aα is the same as the acceleration information which the terminal device  100 Aα already transmitted, the cellular phone terminal device  100 Aα authenticates the cellular phone terminal device  100 Bα to provide a notification of authentication to the cellular phone terminal device  100 Bα. A connection setting process is performed between the cellular phone terminal devices  100 Aα and  100 Bα on the basis of this process to establish a data link between the cellular phone terminal devices  100 Aα and  100 Bα, thereby enabling transmission of data frames (connection settings completed; see  FIG. 9C ). 
       3-2. Example of Configuration of Cellular Phone Terminal Devices 
       [0102]    Next, an example of the configuration of the cellular phone terminal device  100 Aα and the cellular phone terminal device  100 Bα will be described with reference to  FIGS. 10 and 11 . In the embodiment, the cellular phone terminal device  100 Aα serves as the terminal to which a gesture for starting to make connection settings is first input. The cellular phone terminal device  100 Bα serves as the terminal which determines whether or not the gesture input to the cellular phone terminal device  100 Aα coincides with a gesture determined in advance. 
         [0103]    First, an example of the configuration of the cellular phone terminal device  100 Aα will be described with reference to  FIG. 10 . Components in  FIG. 10  corresponding to those in  FIG. 2  are denoted by the same reference symbols to omit overlapping description. 
         [0104]    In the embodiment, it is not determined whether the respective contents of gestures input to the terminals coincide with each other, but it is determined whether a gesture input to one of the terminals is the same as a gesture determined in advance, and the determination is made by the cellular phone terminal device  100 Bα. Therefore, in the cellular phone terminal device  100 Aα, in the case where a particular gesture is input by the user, the motion detection section  114  detects the input gesture, and the second communication processing section  111 A transmits acceleration information produced as a result of the gesture to the cellular phone terminal device  100 Bα. 
         [0105]    In the cellular phone terminal device  100 Aα, in addition, in the case where acceleration information and terminal identification information are transmitted from the cellular phone terminal device  100 Bα, the control section  110  determines whether the sent acceleration information coincides with the acceleration information which the terminal device  100 Aα already transmitted. In the case where a coincidence is made, the second communication processing section  111 A is controlled so as to authenticate the cellular phone terminal device  100 Bα. 
         [0106]    Subsequently, an example of the configuration of the cellular phone terminal device  100 Bα will be described with reference to  FIG. 11 . Components in  FIG. 11  corresponding to those in  FIGS. 3 and 7  are denoted by the same reference symbols to omit overlapping description. The configuration of the cellular phone terminal device  100 Bα is different from the configuration of the cellular phone terminal device  100 B shown in  FIG. 3  in the configuration of a storage section  108 Bα and in the content of the process performed by a motion determination section  115 α. 
         [0107]    The storage section  108 Bα includes the acceleration information storage section  182  which stores terminal identification information transmitted from the mating terminal and an acceleration pattern storage section  184 . The acceleration pattern storage section  184  stores an acceleration pattern corresponding to the content of a predetermined gesture for starting to make connection settings. For example, in the case where a motion of rotating the terminal clockwise twice is set as the gesture for starting to make connection settings, an acceleration value resulting from rotating the terminal clockwise twice is stored in advance as a reference value. In the following description, the reference value is also referred to as “acceleration pattern”. 
         [0108]    The motion determination section  115 α determines whether the acceleration information transmitted from the cellular phone terminal device  100 Aα serving as the mating terminal coincides with the acceleration pattern stored in the acceleration pattern storage section  184  to output the determination results to the control section  110 . In the case where it is determined that the acceleration information transmitted from the cellular phone terminal device  100 Aα coincides with the acceleration pattern determined in advance, the second communication processing section  111 B authenticates the cellular phone terminal device  100 Aα on the basis of control by the control section  110 . Then, the second communication processing section  111 B provides a notification of authentication to the cellular phone terminal device  100 Aα. 
         [0109]    The acceleration pattern storage section  184  may store a plurality of types of acceleration patterns. By correlating pieces of information on different terminals or devices with the plurality of acceleration patterns, the terminal or device for connection can be changed in accordance with the type of an input gesture. 
       3-3. Example of Information Processing Performed by Communication System 
       [0110]    Next, an example of information processing performed by the communication system  1 α according to the embodiment will be described with reference to  FIG. 12 .  FIG. 12  is a flowchart showing an example of the process performed between the cellular phone terminal device  100 Aα and the cellular phone terminal device  100 Bα. First, when a predetermined gesture is input to the cellular phone terminal device  100 Aα (step S 41 ), an acceleration value resulting from the gesture is acquired by the acceleration sensor  113  (see  FIG. 10 ), and converted into acceleration information by the motion detection section  114  (step S 42 ). Subsequently, the motion detection section  114  determines whether or not the end point of the gesture is detected (step S 43 ). The process in step S 42  is continued until the end point is detected. 
         [0111]    In the case where the end point of the gesture is detected, the second communication processing section  111 A sets up a beacon (step S 44 ). Then, the acceleration information acquired in step S 42  and terminal identification information on the terminal device  100 Aα are transmitted as superposed on the beacon (step S 45 ). 
         [0112]    In the cellular phone terminal device  100 Bα, it is determined whether or not the acceleration information transmitted from the cellular phone terminal device  100 Aα as superposed on the beacon coincides with the acceleration pattern stored in advance in the acceleration pattern storage section  184  (see  FIG. 11 ) (step S 46 ). In the case where the received acceleration information does not coincide with the acceleration pattern stored in the acceleration pattern storage section  184 , the process is terminated. In the case where the received acceleration information coincides with the acceleration pattern determined in advance, the received acceleration information and identification information on the terminal device  100 Bα are transmitted as superposed on a beacon (step S 47 ). 
         [0113]    In the cellular phone terminal device  100 Aα, it is determined whether the acceleration information sent from the cellular phone terminal device  100 Bα and the acceleration information acquired in step S 2  coincide with each other (step S 48 ). Subsequently, it is checked whether the received acceleration information and the acceleration information which the terminal device  100 Aα acquired and already transmitted as superposed on the beacon coincide with each other (step S 48 ). In the case where a coincidence is not made, the process is terminated. In the case where a coincidence is made, a notification of authentication is provided to the mating terminal (step S 49 ). This triggers a connection setting process to start (step S 50 ), and a predetermined connection sequence is performed to complete connection settings (step S 51 ). 
         [0114]    According to the second embodiment discussed above, connection setting required for wireless communication can be started just by inputting a gesture exactly as determined in advance to one of two terminals, between which it is desired to start wireless communication, and can be automatically completed. 
         [0115]    Therefore, even in the case where the device with which it is desired to perform wireless communication is an immovable device such as a television receiver, for example, connection settings for wireless communication can be made without taking the trouble of setting the SSID, inputting the PIN code, or the like. 
       4. Third Embodiment 
     4-1. Overview of Configuration of and Process Performed by Communication System 
       [0116]    Next, an overview of the configuration of and the process performed by a communication system  1 β according to a third embodiment of the present disclosure will be described with reference to  FIGS. 13A-14B . In the third embodiment, connection setting is started in the case where a predetermined gesture is input to one of two terminals and the gesture is made in the direction of the other terminal. 
         [0117]    First, it is assumed that the user Ub of a cellular phone terminal device  100 β, swings the cellular phone terminal device  100 Bβ upward to above his/her head as shown in  FIG. 13A  and then swings the cellular phone terminal device  100 Bβ downward as shown in  FIG. 13B . The user Ub desires to start communication with a cellular phone terminal device  100 Aβ, and makes a motion of swinging his/her arm downward in the direction of the cellular phone terminal device  100 Aβ. When such a gesture is input, a beacon is transmitted from the cellular phone terminal device  100 Bβ as shown in  FIG. 13C . Acceleration information acquired by the cellular phone terminal device  100 Bβ, position information acquired at a start point Sp and an end point Ep of the gesture, and terminal identification information on the cellular phone terminal device  100 Bβ are superimposed on the beacon. 
         [0118]    The beacon is non-directional. Therefore, in the case where there are other terminals (here, cellular phone terminal devices  100 C and  100 D) etc. around the terminal with which it is desired to start communication as shown in  FIG. 14A , such terminals also receive the beacon. However, the cellular phone terminal device  100 Aβ which receives the beacon determines whether the gesture input to the mating terminal is made in the direction of the terminal device  100 Aβ. 
         [0119]    Then, in the case where it is determined that the input gesture is made in the direction of the terminal device  100 Aβ, the cellular phone terminal device  100 Aβ transmits information required for connection as superposed on a beacon. Connection settings required for wireless communication are made between the cellular phone terminal device  100 Aβ and the cellular phone terminal device  100 Bβ to establish a data link, thereby enabling transmission of data frames (see  FIG. 14B ). 
         [0120]    By performing such a process, only the terminal positioned in the direction indicated by the trajectory connecting the start point Sp and the end point Ep of the gesture input to the cellular phone terminal device  100 Bβ remains as the terminal with which connections setting are to be made. That is, setting for wireless connection is started with the cellular phone terminal device  100 Aβ. 
       4-2. Overview of Configuration of and Process Performed by Communication System 
       [0121]    Next, an example of the configuration of the cellular phone terminal device  100 Aβ and the cellular phone terminal device  100 Bβ will be described with reference to  FIGS. 15 and 16 . In the embodiment, the cellular phone terminal device  100 Bβ serves as the terminal to which a gesture for starting to make connection settings is first input, and makes settings for wireless connection on the basis of information transmitted from the mating terminal. The cellular phone terminal device  100 Aβ serves as the terminal which determines whether or not the gesture input to the cellular phone terminal device  100 Bβ indicates the direction of the terminal device  100 Aβ. 
         [0122]    First, an example of the configuration of the cellular phone terminal device  100 Bβ will be described with reference to  FIG. 15 . Components in  FIG. 15  corresponding to those in  FIGS. 3, 7, and 11  are denoted by the same reference symbols to omit overlapping description. The cellular phone terminal device  100 Bβ includes a GPS (Global Positioning System)  117  serving as a position detection section that detects the position of the device itself, in addition to the second communication processing section  111 B and the acceleration sensor  113 . The GPS  117  calculates information on the longitude, the latitude, and the altitude of the GPS  117  serving as a receiver by receiving radio waves from a plurality of GPS satellites to determine the respective distances from the satellites. 
         [0123]    The GPS  117  acquires position information on the basis of control by the control section  110  when the motion detection section  114  detects the start point of the gesture and when the motion detection section  114  detects the end point of the gesture. The second communication processing section  111 B sets up a beacon at the time when the end point of the gesture is detected, and transmits acceleration information, position information at the start point and the end point of the gesture, and terminal identification information on the terminal device  100 Bβ as superposed on the beacon. 
         [0124]    In the case where a set of acceleration information and terminal identification information is received from a plurality of terminals, the second communication processing section  111 B performs control so as to reduce the power for transmitting the beacon. This control is continued until more than one piece of acceleration information is not received any more. 
         [0125]    Next, an example of the configuration of the cellular phone terminal device  100 Aβ will be described with reference to  FIG. 16 . Components in  FIG. 16  corresponding to those in  FIGS. 2 and 10  are denoted by the same reference symbols to omit overlapping description. As with the cellular phone terminal device  100 Bβ, the cellular phone terminal device  100 Aβ also includes a GPS  117  serving as a position information detection section. A motion detection section  114  determines whether or not a gesture input to the mating terminal is made in the direction of the terminal device  100 Aβ on the basis of the acceleration information and the position information at the start point and the end point of the gesture transmitted from the mating terminal and position information indicating the position of the terminal device  100 Aβ (position information detected by the GPS  117  (see  FIG. 15 )). In the case where the motion detection section  114  determines that the gesture is made in the direction of the terminal device  100 Aβ, the second communication processing section  111 A transmits the received acceleration information and terminal identification information on the terminal device  100 Aβ as superposed on a beacon. 
       4-3. Example of Information Processing Performed by Communication System 
       [0126]    Next, an example of information processing performed by the communication system  1 β according to the embodiment will be described with reference to  FIG. 17 .  FIG. 17  is a flowchart showing an example of the process performed between the cellular phone terminal device  100 Aβ and the cellular phone terminal device  100 Bβ. First, when a predetermined gesture is input to the cellular phone terminal device  100 Bβ (step S 61 ), the GPS  117  (see  FIG. 15 ) acquires position information at the start point of the gesture (step S 62 ). At the same time, the motion detection section  114  acquires acceleration information resulting from the input gesture (step S 63 ). 
         [0127]    Subsequently, the motion detection section  114  determines whether or not the end point of the gesture is detected (step S 64 ). In the case where the end point of the gesture is not detected, the procedure returns to step S 63  to continue the process. In the case where the end point of the gesture is detected, the GPS  117  acquires position information at the end point of the gesture, and the second communication processing section  111 B sets up a beacon (step S 66 ). Then, the second communication processing section  111 B transmits the acceleration information acquired in step S 63 , the position information acquires at the start point and the end point of the gesture, and terminal identification information on the terminal device  100 Bβ as superposed on the beacon (step S 67 ). 
         [0128]    In the cellular phone terminal device  100 Aβ, the motion detection section  114  (see  FIG. 16 ) determines on the basis of the acceleration information and the position information transmitted as superposed on the beacon and position information on the device itself whether or not the gesture input to the cellular phone terminal device  100 Bβ is made toward the terminal device  100 Aβ (step S 68 ). In the case where it is determined that the gesture is not made toward the terminal device  100 Aβ, the process is terminated. In the case where it is determined that the gesture is made toward the terminal device  100 Aβ, the received acceleration information and terminal identification information on the terminal device  100 Aβ are transmitted as superposed on a beacon (step S 69 ). 
         [0129]    In the cellular phone terminal device  100 Bβ, it is determined whether two or more sets of acceleration information and terminal identification information are received (step S 70 ). In the case where two or more such sets are received, the second communication processing section  111 B performs a process of reducing the power for transmitting the beacon (step S 71 ). Then, the procedure returns to step S 67  to continue the process. That is, the power for transmitting the beacon is gradually reduced while a set of acceleration information and terminal identification information is transmitted from a plurality of terminals. 
         [0130]    For example, a case where the user inputs to the cellular phone terminal device  100 Bβ a gesture of swinging the terminal downward from above his/her head is considered. In this case, in the case where there is a different terminal behind the user when he/she swings his/her arm upward, the terminal may also determine that the gesture is made toward the terminal. In this case, not only the cellular phone terminal device  100 Aβ positioned at a location pointed by the cellular phone terminal device  100 Bβ but also the different terminal positioned behind transmits acceleration information and terminal identification information. In such a case, the power for transmitting the beacon is reduced so that connection setting is not started with a terminal other than the cellular phone terminal device  100 Aβ with which it is desired to start communication. 
         [0131]    Gradually reducing the power for transmitting the beacon gradually reduces the range reached by the beacon. This is considered to gradually reduce the number of pieces of acceleration information sent in response to the transmission from the cellular phone terminal device  100 B□ to finally become one. 
         [0132]    Then, in the case where only one set of acceleration information and terminal identification information is received, the control section  110  determines whether or not the received acceleration information coincides with the acceleration information already transmitted in step S 67  (step S 72 ). In the case where the two pieces of acceleration information do not coincide with each other, the process is terminated. In the case where a coincidence is made, a notification of authentication is provided to the mating terminal (step S 73 ). This triggers a connection setting process to start (step S 74 ), and a predetermined connection sequence is performed to complete connection settings (step S 75 ). 
         [0133]    According to the third embodiment discussed above, the user can start to make settings for wireless communication with the desired terminal just by making a gesture of directing his/her terminal to the terminal with which it is desired to start wireless communication. This allows the user to start to make connection settings through an intuitive operation since it is only necessary to make the direction of the terminal with which it is desired to actually start wireless communication and the direction of the gesture coincide with each other. 
         [0134]    Further, according to the embodiment, as in the second embodiment, even in the case where the device with which it is desired to perform wireless communication is an immovable device, connection settings for wireless communication can be made without taking the trouble of setting the SSID, inputting the PIN code, or the like. 
         [0135]    In the embodiment, the GPS is used as the position information detection section. However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, the present disclosure may also be applied to a technique in which position measurement is performed using information transmitted through a radio wave transmitted from a base station in addition to radio waves from GPS satellites. Moreover, a technique called A-GPS (Assisted GPS) may also be used. In the A-GPS, position measurement is performed using starting data acquired by a server and transmitted through a radio wave from a base station and a clock signal transmitted through radio waves from GPS satellites. 
         [0136]    A sensor that can detect the orientation that the terminal is facing such as an electronic compass, for example, may be used as the position information detection section. The electronic compass detects terrestrial magnetism to acquire the orientation that the compass itself is facing as an orientation angle from the magnetic north. In the case where the electronic compass is used as the position information detection section, acceleration information may not be included in the information transmitted as superposed on a beacon by the cellular phone terminal device  100 B□ to which a gesture is input. This is because transmitting a flag or the like indicating the presence or absence of an input gesture, in place of acceleration information, along with position information enables the terminal which receives the flag to determine whether or not the gesture is made toward the terminal. 
       5. Fourth Embodiment 
     5-1. Overview of Configuration of and Process Performed by Communication System 
       [0137]    Next, an overview of the configuration of and the process performed by a communication system  1 γ according to a fourth embodiment of the present disclosure will be described with reference to  FIGS. 18A-18C . The communication system  1 γ according to the embodiment is formed by a cellular phone terminal device  100 Bγ and an access point  200 . Both the cellular phone terminal device  100 Bγ and the access point  200  supports the WPS, and connection settings for wireless communication are made using the “PIN Code Method” for the WPS. 
         [0138]    First, when a command to start to make connection settings for wireless communication is input by the user via a predetermined user interface or the like, an SSID is transmitted as superposed on a beacon from the access point  200  to the cellular phone terminal device  100 Bγ as shown in  FIG. 18A . When the beacon is received, a gesture determined in advance as the gesture for starting to make settings for wireless connection is input to the cellular phone terminal device  100 Bγ. Then, the cellular phone terminal device  100 Bγ is triggered upon input of the gesture to transmit acceleration information corresponding to the content of the gesture and terminal identification information on the cellular phone terminal device  100 Bγ as superposed on a beacon as shown in  FIG. 18B . In the access point  200 , in the case where it is determined that the received acceleration information coincides with an acceleration pattern determined in advance, the cellular phone terminal device  100 Bγ is registered in a registrar provided in the access point  200  (see  FIG. 18C ). That is, a data link is established between the access point  200  and the cellular phone terminal device  100 Bγ, thereby enabling transmission of data frames. 
       5-2. Overview of Configuration of and Process Performed by Communication System 
       [0139]    Next, an example of the configuration of the access point  200  and the cellular phone terminal device  100 Bγ will be described with reference to  FIGS. 19 and 20 . First, an example of the configuration of the access point  200  will be described with reference to  FIG. 19 . The access point  200  includes a control section  210  formed by a CPU or the like, a first communication processing section  201  that controls data transmission and reception between a wired LAN and a wireless LAN, and an operation section  202  formed by a button, a switch, or the like. 
         [0140]    The access point  200  also includes a storage section  203  formed by a non-volatile memory or the like, a second communication processing section  204  to which an antenna  205  for second communication is connected, and a motion determination section  206 . The storage section  203  includes an acceleration pattern storage section  231  that stores an acceleration pattern corresponding to the content of a gesture determined in advance as the gesture for starting to make settings for wireless connection, and a terminal information registration section  232  serving as a registrar in which received terminal identification information on a different terminal is registered. 
         [0141]    The motion determination section  206  checks whether acceleration information transmitted from a terminal coincides with the acceleration pattern stored in the acceleration pattern storage section  231 . In the case where the two pieces of acceleration information coincide with each other, the motion determination section  206  authenticates the mating terminal to register the mating terminal in the terminal information registration section  232 . 
         [0142]    Next, an example of the configuration of the cellular phone terminal device  100 Bγ will be described with reference to  FIG. 20 . Constituent components in  FIG. 20  corresponding to those in  FIGS. 3, 7, 11, and 15  are denoted by the same reference symbols to omit overlapping description. The cellular phone terminal device  100 Bγ according to the embodiment includes the second communication processing section  111 B, the acceleration sensor, the motion detection section  114  which detects that a predetermined gesture is input from the user, and the acceleration information holding section  181  which temporarily holds acquired acceleration information. The second communication processing section  111 B transmits the detected acceleration information and terminal identification information on the terminal device  100 Bγ as superposed on a beacon in the case where the motion detection section  114  detects that the predetermined gesture is input by the user. 
       5-3. Example of Information Processing Performed by Communication System 
       [0143]    Next, an example of information processing performed by the communication system  1 γ according to the embodiment will be described with reference to  FIG. 21 .  FIG. 21  is a flowchart showing an example of the process performed between the cellular phone terminal device  100 Bγ and the access point  200 . First, when the access point  200  is connected to a wired LAN or turned on while connected to a wired LAN (step S 81 ), the SSID which is the network name of the access point is broadcast as superposed on a beacon (step S 82 ). 
         [0144]    In the cellular phone terminal device  100 Bγ, when the SSID is received, a predetermined gesture is subsequently input by the user (step S 83 ), and an acceleration value resulting from the gesture is acquired by the acceleration sensor  113  (see  FIG. 20 ). The acquired acceleration value is converted into acceleration information by the motion detection section  114  (step S 84 ). Then, the motion detection section  114  determines whether or not the end point of the gesture is detected (step S 85 ). The procedure returns to step S 84  to continue the process until the end point is detected. 
         [0145]    In the case where the end point of the gesture is detected, the second communication processing section  111 B sets up a beacon (step S 86 ), and transmits the acceleration information acquired in step S 84  and terminal identification information on the terminal device  100 Bγ as superposed on the beacon (step S 87 ). 
         [0146]    In the access point  200 , the control section  210  determines whether or not the received acceleration information coincides with the acceleration pattern stored in the acceleration pattern storage section  231  (step S 88 ). In the case where a coincidence is not made, the process is terminated. In the case where the received acceleration information coincides with the acceleration pattern, the cellular phone terminal device  100 Bγ is authenticated to be registered in the terminal information registration section  232  (step S 89 ). Consequently, connection settings for wireless communication are completed (step S 90 ). 
         [0147]    According to the fourth embodiment discussed above, connection settings can be made more easily, even for a device that already supports a scheme that facilitates making connection settings such as the WPS, utilizing such a scheme. That is, it is possible to start wireless connection with the desired device without taking the troublesome procedures such as inputting the PIN code. 
         [0148]    In the embodiment, connection settings are made using the “PIN Code Method” for the WPS. However, connection settings may be made through other methods such as the “Push Button Method”. 
         [0149]    Alternatively, the present disclosure may also be applied to other standards for connection setting provided under the names “AOSS (AirStation One-Touch Secure System; trademark)”, “Easy Wireless Start”, and so forth. 
       6. Various Modifications 
       [0150]    In the embodiments discussed above, connection settings for starting wireless communication with the desired mate are to be made. However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, wireless connection settings (association) may be canceled in the case where a gesture in the direction opposite to the gesture for starting to make settings for wireless connection is input. An example of information processing performed between the cellular phone terminal device  100 A (see  FIG. 2 ) and the cellular phone terminal device  100 B (see  FIG. 3 ) in such a case is shown in the flowchart of  FIG. 22 . 
         [0151]    First, when a predetermined gesture is input to the cellular phone terminal device  100 B (step S 101 ), an acceleration value resulting from the gesture is acquired by the acceleration sensor  113  (see  FIG. 3 ), and converted into acceleration information (third acceleration information) by the motion detection section  114  (step S 102 ). Then, the motion detection section  114  determines whether or not the end point of the gesture is detected (step S 103 ). The procedure returns to step S 102  to continue the process until the end point is detected. 
         [0152]    In the case where the end point of the gesture is detected, it is determined whether or not the detected gesture is made in the direction opposite to the preceding input gesture (step S 104 ). That is, a comparison is made between the acceleration information obtained from the currently input gesture and the preceding obtained acceleration information to determine whether the directions of the gestures are opposite to each other. For example, in the case where a gesture of swinging a terminal downward from above the head is input the last time, a gesture of swinging the terminal upward to above the head is determined as the gesture made in the opposite direction. 
         [0153]    In the case where the preceding input gesture and the currently input gesture are not made in the directions opposite to each other, the process is terminated. In the case where the preceding input gesture and the currently input gesture are made in the directions opposite to each other, the acceleration information acquired in step S 102  is transmitted to the mating terminal via an existing established connection (step S 105 ). 
         [0154]    In the cellular phone terminal device  100 A, when a predetermined gesture input by the user is detected (step S 106 ), an acceleration value resulting from the gesture is acquired by the acceleration sensor  113 , and converted into acceleration information by the motion detection section  114  (step S 107 ). Subsequently, it is determined whether or not the end point of the gesture is detected (step S 108 ). The process in step S 107  is continued while the end point of the gesture is not detected. 
         [0155]    In the case where the end point of the gesture is detected, the motion determination section  115  determines whether or not the acquired acceleration information and the acceleration information transmitted from the mating terminal via the existing connection coincide with each other (step S 109 ). In the case where the two pieces of acceleration information do not coincide with each other, the process is terminated. In the case where the two pieces of acceleration information coincide with each other, a request to cancel the wireless connection settings (association) is transmitted to the mating terminal via the existing connection (step S 110 ). A process of canceling the connection settings is performed on the basis of this request (step S 11 ) to break the connection between the cellular phone terminal devices  100 A and  100 B (step S 112 ). 
         [0156]    According to the modification discussed above, the user can cancel the established association just by inputting a gesture in the direction opposite to the gesture made to start wireless connection settings. That is, connection settings can also be canceled through an easy and significantly intuitive operation. 
         [0157]    In the modification discussed above, a gesture in the direction opposite to the gesture made to start connection settings is input to cancel association. However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Any gesture that is input while a data link is established and that may be the same as or different from the gesture made to start connection settings may be considered as the gesture for canceling the settings, and may be used to cancel the settings. 
         [0158]    In the embodiments discussed above, a wireless connection process is performed on the basis of the Wi-Fi Direct specification. However, other wireless communication standards may also be used. For example, various standards specified as IEEE 802.11 and standards such as Bluetooth, Wireless HD (High Definition), WiGig (Wireless Gigabit), WHDI (Wireless Home Digital Interface), infrared communication, and NFC (Near Field Communication) may also be used. 
         [0159]    The sequence of processes in the embodiments discussed above may be executed by means of software as well as by means of hardware. In the case where the sequence of processes is executed by means of software, the software may be executed by a computer in which a program constituting the software is incorporated in dedicated hardware, or by a computer in which a program for executing various functions is installed. 
         [0160]    A storage medium that stores program codes of software that implements the functions according to the embodiments discussed above may be supplied to a system or a device. It should be understood that the functions are also implemented by a computer (or a control device such as a CPU) of the system or the device by reading and executing the program codes stored in the storage medium. 
         [0161]    In this case, examples of the storage medium which supplies the program codes include a flexible disk, a hard disk, an optical disc, a magneto-optical disk, a CD-ROM, a CD-R, a magnetic tape, a non-volatile memory card, and a ROM. 
         [0162]    The functions according to the embodiments discussed above are implemented by the computer by reading and executing the program codes. In addition, an OS etc. that operates on the computer may perform part or all of the actual processes on the basis of commands according to the program codes. The present disclosure also includes a case where the functions according to the embodiments discussed above are implemented by the processes. 
         [0163]    Process steps defining chronological processes described herein include processes to be performed chronologically in accordance with the order of description, and processes that may not necessarily be performed chronologically but that may be executed in parallel or individually (for example, parallel processes or processes performed by objects). 
         [0164]    The configurations and the processes described in the claims of the present disclosure are not limited to the embodiments discussed above. It should be understood as a matter of course by those skilled in the art that various modifications, combinations, and other embodiments may occur depending on design requirements and other factors insofar as they are within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof. 
         [0165]    The present disclosure may be configured as follows. 
         [0000]    (1) A communication apparatus including: 
         [0166]    a communication processing section that controls wireless communication performed with a different device; 
         [0167]    a displacement sensor that detects an amount of displacement; 
         [0168]    a motion detection section that detects that a predetermined motion is input to the communication apparatus by a user on the basis of the amount of displacement detected by the displacement sensor to output displacement information corresponding to the predetermined motion; 
         [0169]    a motion determination section that compares first displacement information which is the displacement information output from the motion detection section and second displacement information acquired via the communication processing section to determine whether the first displacement information and the second displacement information coincide with each other; and 
         [0170]    a control section that causes the communication processing section to start to make connection settings required to establish a data link with the different device in the case where it is determined that a difference between the first displacement information and the second displacement information falls within a predetermined range. 
         [0000]    (2) The communication apparatus according to (1), in which the communication processing section transmits the first displacement information as superimposed on a signal that carries a notification of presence of the apparatus or a response.
 
(3) The communication apparatus according to (1) or (2), in which the communication processing section sets up the signal at a timing when the predetermined motion made by the user is detected by the displacement sensor.
 
(4) The communication apparatus according to any one of (1) to (3), in which the communication processing section makes the connection settings using terminal identification information on the different device transmitted along with the second displacement information.
 
(5) (First embodiment;  FIGS. 1 to 4 ) The communication apparatus according to any one of (1) to (4), in which the second displacement information is generated on the basis of a motion input to the different device by a user.
 
(6) (Modification of first embodiment;  FIGS. 5 to 8 ) The communication apparatus according to claim 4,
 
         [0171]    in which the communication processing section receives additional information transmitted from the different device along with the second displacement information and indicating a content of a motion, and 
         [0172]    the control section causes the communication processing section to start to make the connection settings in the case where the motion determination section determines that a difference between a displacement pattern generated on the basis of the additional information and the first displacement information falls within a predetermined range. 
         [0000]    (7) (Second embodiment;  FIGS. 9 to 12 ) The communication apparatus according to any one of (1) to (4), in which the second displacement information is transmitted from the different device which receives the first displacement information transmitted from the communication apparatus in the case where the different device determines that a difference between the first displacement information and a predetermined displacement pattern set in advance falls within a predetermined range.
 
(8) (Third embodiment;  FIGS. 13 to 17 ) The communication apparatus according to any one of (1) to (4), further including:
 
         [0173]    a position detection section that acquires position information on the communication apparatus, 
         [0174]    in which the communication processing section transmits along with the first displacement information the position information detected by the position detection section along with a predetermined motion input by the user, and 
         [0175]    the second displacement information is transmitted from the different device in the case where the different device which receives the first displacement information and the position information transmitted from the communication apparatus determines that a motion indicated by the first displacement information and the position information is made in a direction in which the apparatus is positioned. 
         [0000]    (9) (Third embodiment;  FIGS. 13 to 17 ; a case where a recipient calculates the direction in which a gesture is made) The communication apparatus according to (8), in which the position information transmitted to the different device includes position information acquired at a start point and an end point of the predetermined motion input by the user.
 
(10) (Third embodiment;  FIGS. 13 to 17 ; a case where a recipient does not calculate the direction in which a gesture is made) The communication apparatus according to (8), in which the position information transmitted to the different device is a flag value indicating presence or absence of the predetermined motion input by the user.
 
(11) (Modification;  FIG. 22 ) The communication apparatus according to any one of (1) to (4),
 
         [0176]    in which the motion determination section compares third displacement information, which is displacement information generated on the basis of a predetermined motion input to the communication apparatus by the user with the data link established, and the first displacement information generated when starting to make the connection settings, and 
         [0177]    the control section causes the communication processing section to cancel the data link in the case where the motion determination section determines that a direction of the predetermined motion indicated by the third displacement information is opposite to that of the predetermined motion indicated by the first displacement information. 
         [0000]    (12) (Fourth embodiment &lt;embodiment of AP;  FIGS. 18 to 21 &gt;; independent claim) A communication apparatus including: 
         [0178]    a communication processing section that controls wireless communication performed with a different device; 
         [0179]    a motion determination section that determines whether a predetermined displacement pattern set in advance and second displacement information acquired via the communication processing section coincide with each other; and 
         [0180]    a control section that causes the communication processing section to start to make connection settings required to establish a data link with the different device in the case where it is determined that a difference between the first displacement information and the second displacement information falls within a predetermined range. 
         [0000]    (13) A communication method including: 
         [0181]    detecting an amount of displacement; 
         [0182]    detecting that a predetermined motion is input to the communication apparatus by a user on the basis of the detected amount of displacement to output displacement information corresponding to the predetermined motion; 
         [0183]    comparing first displacement information which is the displacement information and second displacement information which is displacement information transmitted from a different device; and 
         [0184]    starting to make connection settings required to establish a data link with the different device in the case where a difference between the first displacement information and the second displacement information falls within a predetermined range. 
         [0000]    (14) A program that causes a computer to: 
         [0185]    detect an amount of displacement; 
         [0186]    detect that a predetermined motion is input to the communication apparatus by a user on the basis of the detected amount of displacement to output displacement information corresponding to the predetermined motion; 
         [0187]    compare first displacement information which is the displacement information and second displacement information which is displacement information transmitted from a different device; and 
         [0188]    start to make connection settings required to establish a data link with the different device in the case where a difference between the first displacement information and the second displacement information falls within a predetermined range.