PATENT DOCUMENT

Abstract:
An improved magnetic generator has been developed that is particularly suitable for creating modular micro wind turbines, although other power generation applications are contemplated. The generator utilizes a series of rotors with axially aligned magnets on each side of the rotor face. As a drive shaft rotates the rotors in proximity to stators, a magnetic flux and electricity is generated. In certain embodiments, the rotors utilize magnet pockets to stabilize the magnets. In the preferred embodiments, layers of magnets are placed in each magnet pocket to achieve magnetic amplification by having multiple magnets, and their respective fluxes, influence the stators.

Full Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application is a continuation in part of, and claims the benefit of and priority to, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/430,243 titled “Modular Micro Wind Turbine” that was filed on Mar. 26, 2012, all of which is incorporated by referenced herein. 
     
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    The present invention relates generally to a modular micro wind turbine for generating electricity. More specifically, in some embodiments the present invention relates to a ducted micro wind turbine containing more than two power generating units. 
       BACKGROUND ART 
       [0003]    Centralized power distribution can have major impact to communities when the distribution system is taken down either from natural or man-made disasters. Solar panel production can provide some amount of power if the distribution system goes down. However, clouds frequently block the collection of energy to allow solar panel energy production. Solar panels also stop power generation during the night time hours. 
         [0004]    One potential solution is large commercial grade wind turbines that generate significant amounts of power. However, these large commercial grade generators must be located away from the consumers. Distribution and transmission systems are required to move the power from the large commercial generation facility to the consumers. Large commercial grade wind turbines cannot operate in high wind conditions due to the inertia generated by the large turbine blades. Consequently, a need exists for smaller micro wind turbines that can provide a localized, efficient source of electrical energy. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0005]    In some aspects and some embodiments, the invention relates to an electric generator comprising a drive shaft and a series of alternating stators and rotors configured along said drive shaft, said series of rotors comprising an initial rotor, a first main rotor, and a second main rotor, and said series of stators comprising a first stator between said initial rotor and first main rotor, and a second stator between said first main rotor and second main rotor, and wherein said first and second main rotors comprise a plurality of axially aligned opposite magnet pockets on each side of the first and second main rotors, each of the opposite magnet pockets containing at least one axially aligned magnet, and wherein the at least one axially aligned magnet in each of the magnet pockets are oriented such that opposite magnetic poles face each other, wherein the two axially aligned magnets of the first main rotor and the two axially aligned magnets of the second main rotor create a magnetic flux in the second stator when rotated about the drive shaft. In some embodiments each magnet pocket contains two or more magnets separated by a non-magnetic magnet spacer. In some embodiments, the non-magnetic spacer is less than 0.10 inches thick, the magnets are pie-shaped and radially arranged around each side of the rotor, and the magnet pockets are between ½ and ⅛ inches in depth. In some embodiments, the axially aligned magnets are separated by an opposite magnet separator that is non-magnetic and less than 0.10 inches thick. 
         [0006]    In some aspects and some embodiments, the invention relates to an improved magnetic rotator assembly, comprising a circular rotor having a plurality of magnet pockets radially arranged on each face of the circular rotor and a central drive shaft bore, a drive shaft extending through the central drive shaft bore; and a plurality of magnets, wherein magnets are seated in said magnet pockets on each face of the circular rotor in a first layer on each face so that the polarity of each magnet is opposite the polarity of the opposite magnet at both ends of the magnet. In some embodiments, the invention can include a second layer of magnets seated in each magnet pocket on each face, where the second layer is located directly below the first layer and so that the polarity of each magnet in the first layer is opposite the polarity of each magnet in the second layer at both ends of the magnet; and a non-magnetic magnet spacer between said first layer of magnets and second layer of magnets. In various embodiments, the magnets can be pie-shaped, non-magnetic spacers 0.1 inches thick or less can be used, and two or more circular rotors can be used in series, and the gap between the rotors is 1.0 inches or less. In some embodiments, the magnets have a magnetism value of 6112-10068 gauss. In some embodiments, the circular rotor can have 4 or more magnet pockets on each face of the circular rotor. 
         [0007]    In some aspects and some embodiments, the invention relates to an improved magnetic generator core, comprising a central housing with a hollow interior; a drive shaft extending through the interior of the central housing; multiple magnetic rotor assemblies located within the housing around the drive shaft, where each rotor assembly comprises, a circular rotor having a first face and a second face, said first and second circular rotor faces each having a plurality of radially arranged magnets forming a first layer and a second layer of magnets on each face, so that the polarity of each magnet is opposite the polarity of the opposite magnet at both ends of the magnet; and at least one stator disposed between the rotor assemblies. As discussed, in some embodiments, the first and second layers of magnets on each rotor face can be separated by a non-magnetic spacer. In some embodiments, the rotor assemblies utilize magnet pockets while others do not. In some embodiments, the total depth of the combined first and second layers of magnets on each face of the rotor is between V2 and ⅛ inch in depth. In some embodiments the magnets on said first and second rotor faces are separated by an opposite magnet separator that is non-magnetic and less than 0.06 inches thick. In some embodiments the non-magnetic spacer is less than 0.1 inches thick. 
         [0008]    Other aspects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following description and the appended claims. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
         [0009]    It should be noted that identical features in different but related drawings are generally shown with the same reference numeral. However, when different embodiments are shown, different reference numerals may be used for similar features in the different embodiments. 
           [0010]      FIG. 1  is an end view of the modular wind turbine generator and fan case in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0011]      FIG. 2  is a cross-sectional view of  FIG. 1 . 
           [0012]      FIG. 3  is a view of a main rotor used in the generator section without the magnets in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0013]      FIG. 4  is a cross-sectional view of  FIG. 3 . 
           [0014]      FIG. 5  is a view of a multi blade wind turbine fan that drives the direct displacement generator in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0015]      FIG. 6  is a cross-sectional view of  FIG. 5 . 
           [0016]      FIG. 7  is a cross-sectional view of a single wind turbine blade airfoil design in  FIG. 5  in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0017]      FIG. 8  is an end view of the stator used to hold the spools of magnetic wire in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0018]      FIG. 9  is a cross-sectional view of  FIG. 8 . 
           [0019]      FIG. 10  is an exploded view of the locking mechanism holding the spools into the stator in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0020]      FIG. 11  is an end view of the initial rotor without magnets for the generator in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0021]      FIG. 12  is a cross-sectional view of  FIG. 11 . 
           [0022]      FIG. 13  is an end view of the last rotor without magnets for the generator in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0023]      FIG. 14  is a cross-sectional view of  FIG. 13 . 
           [0024]      FIG. 15  is a view of a main drive shaft of the modular wind turbine fan and generator in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0025]      FIG. 16  is an end view from the fan side of  FIG. 15 . 
           [0026]      FIG. 17  is an end view from the non-fan side of  FIG. 15 . 
           [0027]      FIG. 18  is a non-fan end cap holding the bearing and seal in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0028]      FIG. 19  is a side view of  FIG. 18  showing the locking attachment and seal groove. 
           [0029]      FIG. 20  is a back side view of  FIG. 18  showing the spanner wrench holes. 
           [0030]      FIG. 21  is a cross-sectional view of  FIG. 18  showing internal design. 
           [0031]      FIG. 22  is a fan end cap holding the bearings, seal and drive shaft in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0032]      FIG. 23  is a side view of  FIG. 22  showing the locking attachment tab and the seal groove. 
           [0033]      FIG. 24  is a back view of  FIG. 22  showing the spanner wrench holes. 
           [0034]      FIG. 25  is a cross-sectional view of  FIG. 22 . 
           [0035]      FIG. 26  is a view of a hexagonal end cap holding the fan turbine case into the modular hexagonal housing in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0036]      FIG. 27  is a side view of  FIG. 26 . 
           [0037]      FIG. 28  is a cross-sectional view of  FIG. 26  showing the inlet design. 
           [0038]      FIG. 29  is an end view of the spool which holds the magnetic wire in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0039]      FIG. 30  is a side view of  FIG. 29 . 
           [0040]      FIG. 31  is a back end view of  FIG. 29 . 
           [0041]      FIG. 32  is a square end cap holding the fan turbine case into the modular square housing in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0042]      FIG. 33  is a side view of  FIG. 32 . 
           [0043]      FIG. 34  is a cross-sectional view of  FIG. 32  showing the inlet design. 
           [0044]      FIG. 35  is a main rotor with the rare earth magnets assembled in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0045]      FIG. 36  is a cross-sectional view of the main rotor in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0046]      FIG. 37  is an end view of the stator assembly with the magnetic wire spools mounted in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0047]      FIG. 38  is a cross-sectional view of  FIG. 37 . 
           [0048]      FIG. 39  is a cross-sectional view of the assembly of the generator. 
           [0049]      FIG. 40  is an exploded view of  FIG. 39  detailing the wire spools, rotors, stator and magnets. 
           [0050]      FIG. 41  is a cross-section of the micro wind turbine fan and generator assembly in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0051]      FIG. 42  is a view of a hexagonal modular case in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0052]      FIG. 43  is a cross-sectional view of  FIG. 42 . 
           [0053]      FIG. 44  is a view of a square modular case in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0054]      FIG. 45  is a cross-sectional view of  FIG. 44 . 
           [0055]      FIG. 46  is a view of a modular linear case connector in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0056]      FIG. 47  is a side view of  FIG. 46 . 
           [0057]      FIG. 48  is a view of a stator with integral coils in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0058]      FIG. 49  is a cross-sectional view of  FIG. 48 . 
           [0059]      FIG. 50  is a cross-sectional view of the assembly of the generator with integrated coils in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0060]      FIG. 51  is an exploded view of  FIG. 50 . 
           [0061]      FIG. 52  is a view of a square modular micro wind turbine arrangement in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0062]      FIG. 53  is a view of a hexagon modular micro wind turbine arrangement in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0063]      FIG. 54  shows an alternative embodiment of the shaped magnet shown in  FIG. 35  to expand the magnetic surface area. 
           [0064]      FIG. 55  shows the magnetism orientation where the magnetism is through the thickness of the magnet in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0065]      FIG. 56  shows a distance between two magnets and how magnetism is affected by the distance between two magnets in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0066]      FIG. 57  shows the distance between two magnets in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0067]      FIG. 58  shows a distance between two magnets and how additional magnets are associated near the original magnets as shown in  FIG. 56  in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0068]      FIG. 59  shows a distance where doubled magnets are spread apart and how the magnetic force is changed but amplified by using two magnets near one another in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0069]      FIG. 60  shows the distance between two magnets and how additional magnets are associated near the original magnets as shown in  FIG. 56  in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0070]      FIG. 61  shows a distance where tripled magnets are spread apart and how the magnetic force is changed but amplified by using three magnets near one another in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0071]      FIG. 62  shows an alternative embodiment of the initial rotor without magnets for the generator in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention where the magnet pockets are pie shaped and the keyway has been removed. 
           [0072]      FIG. 63  shows a cross section of  FIG. 62 , showing a double set of opposite magnet pockets and keyway removed in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0073]      FIG. 64  shows an alternative embodiment of a main rotor used in the generator section without the magnets, where the magnet pockets are pie shaped and the keyway has been removed in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0074]      FIG. 65  shows a cross section of  FIG. 64 , showing a double set of opposite magnet pockets and keyway removed in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0075]      FIG. 66  shows an alternative embodiment of the last rotor without magnets for the generator, where the magnet pockets are pie shaped and the keyway has been removed in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0076]      FIG. 67  shows a cross section of  FIG. 66 , showing a double set of opposite magnet pockets in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0077]      FIG. 68  shows an alternative embodiment of the stator, where the center mounting section of spools have been removed and slots for wiring and electrical springs have been added in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0078]      FIG. 69  shows a side view of  FIG. 68  in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0079]      FIG. 70  shows an alternative embodiment of the spool which holds the magnetic wire, which increases the amount of magnetic wire used in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0080]      FIG. 71  shows a side view of  FIG. 70 . 
           [0081]      FIG. 72  shows a back end view of  FIG. 70 . 
           [0082]      FIG. 73  shows a view of the center mounting section for the spools in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0083]      FIG. 74  shows the side view of  FIG. 73  in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0084]      FIG. 75  shows the back view of  FIG. 73  in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0085]      FIG. 76  shows a side view of the electronic spring in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0086]      FIG. 77  shows an assembly of several components to form the stator section of the generator and power will be generated by the stator section in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0087]      FIG. 78  shows a cross section of  FIG. 77  in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0088]      FIG. 79  shows an alternative embodiment of the main drive shaft where the keyway slot has been removed and using a cross pin in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0089]      FIG. 80  shows an alternative assembly of the front end rotor where magnets are installed in series such that (NS)-(NS) is configured in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0090]      FIG. 81  shows a cross section of  FIG. 80 . 
           [0091]      FIG. 82  shows an exploded view of a portion of  FIG. 81  showing the back-to-back configuration of magnets in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0092]      FIG. 83  shows an alternative assembly of a main rotor in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0093]      FIG. 84  shows a cross-section of  FIG. 83  in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0094]      FIG. 85  shows an alternative assembly of the back end rotor where magnets are installed alternating magnetic orientation and in a radial arrangement in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0095]      FIG. 86  shows a cross section of  FIG. 85  where magnets are installed in series such that (NS)-(NS) is configured in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0096]      FIG. 87  shows an alternative embodiment of the fan end cap holding the bearings, seal and drive shaft in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0097]      FIG. 88  is a side view of  FIG. 87  in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0098]      FIG. 89  shows a back view of alternative embodiment of the fan end cap in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0099]      FIG. 90  shows a cross section view of  FIG. 87  in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0100]      FIG. 91  shows a cross-sectional view of an alternative embodiment of the assembly of the generator in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0101]      FIG. 92  shows an alternative embodiment of a multi blade wind turbine fan in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0102]      FIG. 93  shows a cross section of  FIG. 92  in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0103]      FIG. 94  shows a cross-sectional view of a single wind turbine blade airfoil design in  FIG. 92  in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0104]      FIG. 95  shows a cross-section of  FIG. 92  in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0105]      FIG. 96  shows an end view of an alternative embodiment of the modular wind turbine generator and fan case in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0106]      FIG. 97  shows a cross-section of  FIG. 96  in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0107]      FIG. 98  shows a cross-section of  FIG. 97  showing the electric rails and the mounting lugs in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0108]      FIG. 99  shows a cross-section of  FIG. 97  showing the key slot for the stators and the wiring channel in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0109]      FIG. 100  shows an alternative embodiment of a square modular case in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0110]      FIG. 101  shows an alternative embodiment of a hexagonal modular case in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0111]      FIG. 102  shows a configuration of generators one behind the other, and side-by-side, which is preferred for vehicles, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0112]      FIG. 103  shows a cross-section of the wiring of the spools showing uniformity in the wiring process to maximize the length of wire in each spool in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0113]      FIG. 104  shows an expanded view of  FIG. 103  in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0114]      FIG. 105  shows one embodiment using five sets of stator coils and six sets of magnets where the magnetic flux flows continuously through each of the magnet sets causing increased magnetic flux between adjacent magnet sets. 
           [0115]      FIG. 106  shows an embodiment of four magnets, two within each pocket and a spacer between the magnets. 
           [0116]      FIG. 107  shows two magnets with a non-magnetic spacer between each magnet. 
           [0117]      FIG. 108  shows the magnetic flux field around the magnet. 
           [0118]      FIG. 109  shows the cross-section of the magnet and the surrounding magnetic flux field around the N (north) and S (south) poles. 
           [0119]      FIG. 110  shows the reaction between two magnets as each magnet approaches the other magnet where the field strength increases as the magnets become in contact to one another. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0120]    Various embodiments may have one or more of the components outlined below. Component reference numbers used in the Figures are also provided.
       Generator case support   Cowling  2     Generator case  3     Stator alignment key  4     Locking attachment key  5     Turbine blade shroud  6     Turbine case wire routing channel  7     External wire routing channel  8     Internal wire routing channel  9     Turbine case stop  10     Turbine case housing  11     Main rotor  12     Rotor drive key  13     Rotor hub  14     Rotor bore  15     Master drive key slot  16     Magnet pocket  17     Rotor drive slot  18     Rotor magnet gap  19     Turbine blade stabilizer ring  20     Turbine blade hub  21     Turbine airfoil blades with rotational twist  22     Attachment pin  23     Airfoil blades gap  24     Nose cone  25     Main drive shaft hub  26     Compression bore  27     Bore interface radius  28     Leading edge of blade  29     Low pressure side of airfoil  30     Concave airfoil surface  31     High pressure side of airfoil  32     Trailing edge of blade  33     Low pressure lift  34     Stator  35     Wiring slot  36     Stator alignment slot  37     Coil pocket  38     Stator bore  39     Stator hub  40     Wire hole  41     Stator  42     Spool face  43     Rotor end with slots  44     Rotor end with keys  45     Snap ring grooves  46     Main drive keyway slot  47     Drive pin for turbine blade fan  48     Main drive shaft turbine blade mount  49     Main drive shaft  50     End bearing cap and seal  51     Locking attachment tab  52     Stator face  53     Seal groove  54     Non-magnetic bearing mount  56     Rotor clearance  57     End cap with shaft seal  58     Main drive shaft bore  59     Main drive shaft seal  60     Hexagonal end cap  61     Modular case attachment tab  62     Air compression bore  63     Modular hub  64     Wind turbine case face  65     Spool winding bore  66     Spool locking surface  67     Spool winding orientation notch  68     Magnetic wire winding spool  69     Modular square end cap  70     Permanent magnets  71     Main rotor assembly  72     Stator assemblies  73     Non-magnetic bearings  74     Snap ring  75     Single drive key   Generator core  77     Initial Rotor (front) end assembly with drive slot  78     Final Rotor (back) end assembly with drive slot  79     Dovetail  80     Back stop  81     Internal bore  82     Orientation tab  83     Clearance area  84     Dovetail slot  85     Wire channel  86     Back tab slot  87     Front tab slot  88     Spool winding tray  89     Hexagonal modular case  90     Square modular case  91     Linear case connector  92     Interface bore  93     Stator with integrated coils  94     Generator core  95     Coiled magnetic wire  96     Permanent magnet  100     Wedge back  101     Wedge front  102     Front generator rotor  109     Opposite magnet separator  110     Shear pin hole  111     Center hole for drive shaft  112     Magnet pocket  113     Orientation tang  114     Standard tang  115     Neighboring magnet separator  116     Center generator rotor  117     Center rotor opposite magnet separator  118     Center rotor slots  119     Center rotor tang  120     Center rotor center hole for drive shaft  121     Center rotor magnet pocket  122     Center rotor orientation tang  123     Center rotor tang  124     Center rotor neighboring magnet separator  125     Back generator rotor  126     Back rotor opposite magnet separator  127     Back rotor slots  128     Back rotor center hole for the drive shaft  129     Back rotor magnet pockets  130     Back rotor orientation slot  131     Back rotor slot  132     Back rotor neighboring magnet separator  133     Generator stator case  134     Alignment rails  135     Spool alignment rails  136     Hard wiring channels  137     Modular slots  138     Generator spools  139     Generator spool front tang  140     Generator spool rail slot  141     Generator spool back tang  142     Generator spool mount slot  143     Stator bore  144     Generator spool mount  145     Front spool mount slot  146     Generator electrical spring  147     Generator stator assembly  148     Generator drive shaft  149     Generator shaft flat  150     Shear pin hole  151     Snap ring groove  151 A   Front rotor end assembly  152     Magnet south pole  153     Magnet north pole  154     Front rotor opposite magnet separator  155     Center rotor assembly  156     Back rotor assembly  157     Front seal cap  158     Front seal cap grooves  159     Outer seal groove  160     Inner shaft seal groove  161     Non-magnetic bearing hole  162     Shaft clearance hole  163     Spanner wrench hole  164     Back seal cap  165     Back seal cap grooves  166     Back seal outer groove  167     Non-magnetic bearing hole  168     Spanner wrench hole  169     Non-magnetic bearings  170     Snap ring  171     Shear pin  172     Generator core  173     Blade gap  175     Outer stabilizer ring  176     Stabilizer ring taper  177     Center hub  178     Convex surface  180     Concave surface  181     Trailing edge  182     Leading edge  183     Turbine blade hole  185     Internal flat  186     Set screw  187     Wind turbine case  188     Large mounting lug  189     Electrical conduit lug  190     Small mounting lug  191     Generator core mounting surface  192     Front seal cap mounting surface  193     Locking lug for front seal cap  194     Locking lug for back seal cap  195     Back seal mounting surface  196     Electrical transmission wiring hole  197     Electrical transmission rails   Mounting slots  200     Orientation slot for generator stators  201     Electrical power slot  202     Electrical connector mounting surface  203     Square wind turbine case  204     Square case mounting lugs  205     Square case mounting tangs  206     Square case mounting slots  207     Hexagon wind turbine case  208     Aligned wind turbine cases  209     Side-by-side wind turbine cases  210     Magnetic wire  211     Uniform winding  212     Magnets set # 1   215     Magnet Set # 2   216     Magnet Set # 3   217     Magnet Set # 4   218     Magnet Set # 5   219     Magnet Set # 6   220     Coil for Stator # 1   221     Coil for Stator # 2   222     Coil for Stator # 3   223     Coil for Stator # 4   224     Coil for Stator # 5   225     Magnet # 1   226     Magnet # 2   227     Magnet # 3   228     Magnet # 4   229     Non-magnetic Spacer  230     Magnetic Flux Field Around a Magnet  231     Magnetic Flux Field Between Magnets  232         
 
         [0338]    The present invention provides a modular small low cost wind turbine generator that affords substantially increased energy production with the ability to integrate into existing structures in the rural, suburban, urban and highly dense cities. In some embodiments, some of the generator components, for example the rotors, can be created using selective laser sintering and/or  3 D stereolithography printing processes. The micro wind turbines can be easily connected to other micro wind turbines to form a larger generation panel similar to solar panels. These panels of wind turbines can be located at the edge of any building structure such as walls, fences, decks, roof tops, roof peaks or in a standalone system, or also used on vehicles. The generators can also be used in other non-wind applications, for example, using water currents, waves, etc, to generate electricity as described herein. For simplicity and consistency, however, the turbines will generally be referred to herein as wind turbines. 
         [0339]    The ability to connect multiple modular wind turbines improves the overall capture of wind currents. Less wind current escapes the micro wind turbine design as compared to small to larger designs and improves the overall effectiveness of each adjacent micro wind turbine. An example is holding a hand into the wind has relative little resistance, however, holding a plywood panel against the same wind current will generally knock down the individual holding the panel in the wind. Multiple micro wind turbines enhance the power generation performance significantly. 
         [0340]    Electric vehicle market is ever growing, but struggling with issues of distance to be traveled with a single vehicle charge. Besides Tesla Automotive, most of the electric vehicles have a range of less than 50 miles on battery only. The micro wind turbine will fit nicely within the automotive market due its compact size. Micro wind turbines can be mounted externally on the roof of the car/truck or be integrated into the frame of the vehicle. The typical electric vehicle uses about 3 kilo watts of power at the maximum power draw. Some embodiments of a single micro wind turbine can generate up to one (1) kilo watt of power. Thus, in those embodiments, four micro wind turbines can be mounted on the roof or internally to create up to four (4) kilo watts of power exceeding the maximum requirements of an electric vehicle. 
         [0341]    The micro wind turbine can work in other embodiments such as creating auxiliary power for aircraft. Lithium Ion batteries are used in many commercial aircraft due to their weight to power ratio. However on long distances, the amount of power required to maintain auxiliary equipment require significant larger battery packs. There have been issues with some batteries catching fire in route. The micro wind turbine may not be as applicable at high aircraft speeds. However, by extracting a portion of the wind velocity, it could provide enough wind velocity to allow the micro wind turbine to generate additional power while in flight. The weight to power ratio for a micro wind turbine is more efficient than larger lithium ion battery packs and potentially far safer. 
         [0342]    The micro wind turbine fan is constructed to be sustainable in high wind currents due to the design of the wind turbine blades and housing. The blades preferably attach to the outer housing eliminating the bending and fracture effects of individual blades during high wind currents. The blade design also works in low wind currents in the range of 2-4 mph due to the preferred design using rotational twist and concave nature of the airfoil design. Other blade designs known to those of skill in the art can also be used. The housing surrounding the fan blades also increases the performance of the airfoils by not allowing wind current to escape off the tips of the turbine blades. The preferred wind turbine blade airfoil is designed with a low pressure side which improves the performance of the turbine blades causing the blades to spin faster in the rotational axis overcoming the power generation system and the friction produced by the bearings. 
         [0343]    The inlet housings for the micro wind turbine preferably compacts the air increasing the velocity of the air and density of the air flowing through the micro wind turbine fan blades. This compression increases the overall performance of each micro wind turbine generator. While compression is preferred, it is not required. 
         [0344]    The modular design of the micro wind turbine allows multiple wind turbines to be connected, if desired, either in a large grid pattern or in a chain of micro wind turbines behind one another or in combination with both grid pattern and a chain configuration. This design allows the micro wind turbines to be placed in and around any structure near the power consumption needs. 
         [0345]    The micro wind turbine has multiple (more than two) power generators in some embodiments. Each power generator can produce substantial energy. Due to the design of the power generators and the permanent magnets, the design adds efficiencies in the power output. Maintaining close proximity of adjacent magnets adds to the power generated within each magnetic wire coil set increasing individual power generating unit output to increase the total power output. The micro wind turbine generating units may be installed in a sealed housing allowing for implementation in high humidity and severe weather conditions. 
         [0346]    One embodiment of the generator core  77  ( FIG. 39 ) is mounted in the generator case  3  ( FIG. 1 ).  FIG. 1  is an end view of the generator and fan case of one embodiment, and also shows a generator case support  1 , cowling  2 , and stator alignment key  4 . The turbine case housing  11  ( FIG. 2 ) is optionally mounted in a modular assembly case consisting of hexagonal modular case  90  ( FIG. 42 ) or square modular case  91  ( FIG. 44 ), although other shapes can also be used. The turbine case housing  11  ( FIG. 2 ) can be directly integrated in the shaped case or structure. The embodiment shown in  FIG. 2  also depicts a locking attachment key  5 , turbine blade shroud  6 , turbine case wire routing channel  7 , external wire routing channel  8 , internal wire routing channel  9 , and turbine case stop  10  used in this embodiment. 
         [0347]    One embodiment of the hexagonal modular case  90  ( FIG. 42 ) or the square modular case  91  ( FIG. 44 ) can be connected together using the dovetail  80  ( FIGS. 42 &amp; 44 ) mating with attached cases via the dovetail slot  85  ( FIGS. 42 &amp; 44 ) in order to form a larger array structure of micro wind turbines. 
         [0348]    One embodiment of the hexagonal modular case  90  ( FIG. 42 ) or the square modular case  91  ( FIG. 44 ) can be connected in a linear chain using the modular linear case connector  92  ( FIG. 46 ) by attaching the modular cases using the modular case attachment tab  62  ( FIGS. 42 ,  44  and  46 ) in order to form a structure to collect more power from stronger wind current conditions. 
         [0349]    One embodiment of the generator core  95  ( FIG. 50 ) is an assembly of main drive shaft  50 , end cap with shaft seal  58 , two non-magnetic bearings  74 , two snap rings  75 , rotor end assembly with drive slots  78  (also referred to herein as “initial rotor” or “front rotor”), one or more stator with integrated coils  94 , one or more main rotor assembly  72  (also referred to herein as “central rotor”), rotor end assembly with drive slots  79  (also referred to herein as “back rotor” or “last rotor”), drive key  76  ( FIG. 39 ), and an end bearing cap with seal  51 . 
         [0350]    One embodiment of the generator core  77  ( FIG. 39 ) is an assembly of main drive shaft  50 , end cap with shaft seal  58 , two non-magnetic bearings  74 , two snap rings  75 , rotor end assembly with drive slots  78  (also referred to as “initial rotor” or “front rotor”), one or more stator assemblies  73 , one or more main rotor assembly  72 , rotor end assembly with drive slots  79  (also referred to as “back rotor” or “last rotor”), drive key  76 , and an end bearing cap with seal  51 . 
         [0351]    One embodiment of the stator with integrated coils  94  is shown in  FIG. 48  and  FIG. 49 , and shows stator alignment slots  37 , the wiring slot  36 , and the magnetic wire coiled  96  integrated internally to the stator material. The number of magnetic wire coils  96  contained within stator follows the ratio of magnets to coils shown in the chart below for a three phase design: 
         [0000]                                                  Coils   Magnets   Coils/Phase                                3   4   1       6   8   2       9   12   3       12   16   4       15   20   5                    
Another embodiment of the stator assembly  73  is shown in  FIG. 37  and  FIG. 38 , and shows a stator  35  and the magnetic wire winding spool  69  and the magnetic wire. The ratio of magnetic wire winding spools to the number of magnets is shown in the above chart for a three phase design. One embodiment of the main rotor (also referred to as a “central rotor”) assembly  72  shown in  FIG. 35  and  FIG. 36  discloses a main rotor  12  and the permanent magnets. The ratio of magnetic wire spools to the number of magnets is shown in the above chart for a three phase design, or other phase designs.
 
         [0352]    One embodiment of the modular square end cap  70  is shown in  FIG. 32-34 , and in this embodiment, shows the four sided shape of the design, modular case attachment tabs  62 , the modular hub  64 , the wind turbine case face  65  and the air compression bore  63 . The air compression bore  63  increases the velocity of the air flowing into the micro wind turbine which increases the forces needed to turn the wind turbine fan and blades  24  ( FIG. 5 ). 
         [0353]    One embodiment of the magnetic wire winding spool  69  is shown in  FIG. 29-31 , and in this embodiment, discloses a spool winding bore  66 , the spool winding tray  89 , the spool locking surface  67  and the spool winding orientation notch  68 . Magnetic wire is wound around the magnetic wire winding spool  69  and then inserted into the stator assembly  73  ( FIG. 37 ). The number if magnetic wires wound around the spool identify the amount of voltage derived from each of the spools. 
         [0354]    One embodiment of the modular hexagon end cap  61  is shown in  FIG. 26-28 , and in this embodiment, shows the six sided shape of the design, modular case attachment tabs  62 , the modular hub  64 , the wind turbine case face  65  and the air compression bore  63 . The air compression bore  63  increases the velocity of the air flowing into the micro wind turbine which increases the forces needed to turn the wind turbine fan and blades  24  ( FIG. 5 ). 
         [0355]    One embodiment of the end cap with shaft seal  58  is shown in  FIG. 22-25 , and in this embodiment, shows a main drive shaft bore  59 , the spanner wrench holes  55 , the locking attachment tab  52 , the seal groove  54  ( FIG. 25 ), the stator face  53 , the rotor clearance  57 , the non-magnetic bearing mount  56 , and the main drive shaft seal  60 . The end caps provide the preferred seals to better allow the micro wind turbine to operate in humid/wet conditions. The end cap with shaft seal  58  is designed to be located on end closest to the airfoil blades  24 . 
         [0356]    One embodiment of the end bearing cap and seal  51  is shown in  FIG. 18-21 , and in this embodiment, shows the spanner wrench holes  55 , the locking attachment tab  52 , the seal groove  54  ( FIG. 21 ), the stator face  53 , rotor clearance  57  and the non-magnetic bearing mount  56 . The end caps provide the preferred seals to better allow the micro wind turbine to operate in humid/wet conditions. The end bearing cap and seal  51  is designed to be located on the end farthest away from the airfoil blades  24 . 
         [0357]    One embodiment of the main drive shaft  50  is shown in  FIG. 15-17 , and in this embodiment, shows snap ring grooves  46 , the main drive keyway slot  47 , main drive shaft turbine blade mount  49  and the drive pin for the turbine blade fan  48 . 
         [0358]    One embodiment of the rotor end with keys  45  (also referred to as the “back rotor” or “last rotor”) is shown in  FIG. 13-14 , and in this embodiment, shows a rotor drive key  13 , the rotor hub  14 , rotor bore  15 , master drive key slot  16  and the magnet pockets  17 . The ratio of magnetic wire winding spools to the number of magnets is shown in the chart above for a three phase design. 
         [0359]    One embodiment of the rotor end with slots  44  (also referred to as the “initial rotor” or “front rotor”) is shown in  FIG. 11-12 , and in this embodiment, shows a rotor bore  15 , master drive key slot  16 , magnet pockets  17  and the rotor drive slots. The ratio of magnetic wire winding spools to the number of magnets is shown in the chart above for a three phase design. In alternative designs, the interfacing slots and keys used on the back rotor and initial rotor can be alternated, or other interfacing configurations can be used. 
         [0360]    One embodiment of the stator  35  is shown in  FIG. 8-9 , and in this embodiment, shows a wiring slot  36 , the stator alignment slot  37 , coil pocket  38 , stator bore  39  and the stator hub  40 . The ratio of coil pockets to the number of magnets is shown in the chart above for a three phase design. 
         [0361]    One embodiment of the wind turbine fan with airfoil blades  24  is shown in  FIG. 5-7 , and in this embodiment, discloses a turbine blade hub  21 , turbine airfoil blades with rotational twist  22 , attachment pin  23 , nose cone  25 , main drive shaft hub  26  and the turbine blade stabilizer ring  20 . The turbine blade stabilizer ring  20  has several effects on the wind turbine fan: 1) during high wind current conditions the ends of the fan blades would normally deflect for which the stabilizer ring reduces the deflection and allows the wind turbine to operate in the higher wind conditions; 2) the stabilizer ring compresses the wind current through the wind turbine increasing the wind force applied to the turbine airfoil blades; 3) wind current normally leaving the ends of airfoils creates turbulence for which stabilizer ring eliminates and increases the performance of the airfoils. The nose cone  25  directs wind current around the turbine blade hub  21  and the generator core  77  with power generators (for example,  FIG. 39 ). The turbine blade hub  21  covers the generator core  77  increasing the protection of the generator core  77  from the elements. 
         [0362]    One embodiment of the turbine airfoil blades with rotational twist  22  is shown in further detail in  FIG. 7 , and discloses a low pressure side of airfoil  30  which has the shape of the upper side of a wing and a high pressure side of airfoil  32  and the concave airfoil surface  31  collects the wind current to enable the rotation of the fan blades. As the turbine fan increases the rotational speed, the low pressure side of the airfoil  30  reduces the pressure allowing the turbine blades to rotate with increased velocity. The rotational twist enables the lower speed of the wind current at the turbine hub  21  with the higher speed of the wind at the turbine blade stabilizer ring  20 . 
         [0363]    Another embodiment of the main rotor  12  is shown  FIG. 3-4 , and in this embodiment, discloses a rotor drive key  13 , the rotor hub  14 , rotor bore  15 , master drive key slot  16 , magnet pockets  17 , rotor drive slot  18  and the rotor magnet gap  19 . Combining magnets on both sides of the rotor reduces the functional space within the generator providing for more power generating units. The rotor magnet gap  19 , if reduced, increases the overall efficiencies of the generating core by allowing adjacent magnets to increase the power to adjacent stator units. Increasing the gap reduces the effect of adjacent magnets to adjacent stator units. The rotor drive keys  13  drives adjacent rotors by inserting the key into the rotor drive slot  18  which relieves the stress on the single drive key  76 . 
         [0364]    An exemplary embodiment of the invention captures the energy of wind currents by utilizing multiple air foil blades in modular micro wind driven turbine that produces electrical power utilizing a series of permanent magnets direct drive generators that produces power that varies with wind speed. One embodiment of the modular micro wind turbines can be located adjacent to sides of buildings, building roofs, other vertical structures (fences), in line with wind generating currents or in a variable direction standalone structure. In one embodiment modular micro wind turbines are placed at a side of a building. In another embodiment modular micro wind turbines are placed along the top of a fence. In another embodiment modular micro wind turbines are placed at the edge or peak of a roof. One embodiment of the modular micro wind turbines can be integrated within a building structure to obscure viewing of the micro turbine. In another embodiment, the modular micro wind turbine can be elevated off the ground on a pole or support structure. A modular micro wind turbine drives a series (three or more) of internal permanent magnet direct drive generators. The axis of rotation is horizontal to the wind current. The micro wind turbines can be installed in multiple directions to accept varying wind currents as changes in wind currents change over seasons and with weather conditions. The modular micro wind turbine operates within a range of low wind currents (2-4 mph) to extremely high wind currents (60+ mph). In other embodiments, the micro wind turbine is mounted in a rotatable fashion so that it rotates to a position to face the strongest wind flow. 
         [0365]    Still other embodiments of the invention could be mounted on an aircraft or an automobile in order to provide localized power generation to onboard devices, recharge batteries, or even power the vehicle itself. It is important to realize that other embodiments of the invention could be used as water driven turbines instead of wind. Such examples could be mounted on boats or permanent structures where the turbines are exposed to fluid flow. 
         [0366]    A micro wind turbine generator may be located in an urban community, attached to nearby structures such as a house, a deck, a fence, near the roof top or at the roof line to capture wind currents that are generated around and over normal urban structures. Micro wind turbines may be capable of being attached to other micro wind turbines similar to solar cells are attached to one another to create a solar panel. The micro wind turbine needed to be made modularized to be arranged in a pattern that would be acceptable in urban communities generally hidden from normal viewing. These micro wind turbines preferably generate enough power to operate refrigerators, freezers, televisions, radios, provide backup power for home computers, charge cell phone batteries and operation of landline telephones. This type of system would not require commercial distribution and transmission lines but could be easily integrated within the consumer electrical systems. The micro wind turbines is capable of operating in high and low wind conditions. The micro wind turbines are easily maintained by the consumer and be inexpensive to install. 
         [0367]    The micro wind turbine could be attached to commercial building structures to provide battery backup support systems for businesses, extending the life of their battery systems. In some cases the power could be extended for a duration that would allow the utility companies time to re-establish the distribution and transmission grid in the event of a power outage. 
         [0368]    In other embodiments, a widely distributed power generation system could work in a fashion using the current distribution and transmission facilities in concert with micro wind turbines. Businesses and homes scattered throughout the country could be power generation units using the micro turbines. Each small power generation system would operate in a standalone environment and the excess power would be distributed to other consumers. If the individual power generation units did not supply enough energy then the system would consume power from the external power grid. This widely distributed system would be more secure than centralized power generation systems. When natural or man-made disasters occur, the widely distributed system allows the economy to continue to function normally. 
         [0369]    There are alternative embodiments of the permanent magnet arrangement and configurations, as well as various components of the micro turbine, as shown  FIGS. 54-104 . In some embodiments, rare-earth magnets are used, for example, neodymium grade N45. In some embodiments, permanent rare-earth magnets arranged in close proximity (typically less than or equal to 0.060 inch, although larger gaps can be used) creates an “magnetic amplification” effect to adjacent magnets and increases the power output through the associated coils for these embodiments. References in the chart below refer to  FIGS. 56-61 . 
         [0000]                                                                          TABLE 1                                   % Change   % Change           Ref.   Gap   Gauss *   Magnet   2 to n   4 to 6       Fig.   #   (Inch)   (Magnetism)   Count   magnets   magnets                                56   103   .04   7752   2   —   —       57   104   .60   4536   2   —   —       58   105   .04   9768   4       +26%   —       59   106   .60   5715   4       +26%   —       60   107   .04   10068   6   +29.9%       +3%       61   108   .60   6112   6   +34.7%   +6.9%               * Measurements taken by a NIST certified gauss meter.            
The arrangement of the permanent magnets as defined within these embodiments have a material effect on the energy produced by the generator. As noted in the table 1 above, the closer the magnets, the higher the magnetic field strength. This in effect creates higher energy output. The magnetic amplification shown by mounting four magnets in the close proximity shows the optimum amplification in some embodiments. The compact generator embodiment is preferred for the micro wind turbine embodiment.
 
         [0370]    In the above table, the larger referenced gap (0.60 inch) may be an exemplary gap for the stator, and the smaller referenced gap (0.04 inch) may be an exemplary thickness of the opposite magnet separator  110 ,  118 ,  127 ,  155 . In this context, the term “opposite magnet” refers to the magnet(s) on opposite sides of the rotor. While the term “opposing magnets” could be used, the term “opposite magnets” is used to avoid any confusion that “opposing magnets” relates to how similar magnetic poles may repel, or oppose, each other. The stator gap can be larger or smaller, and the thickness of the opposite magnet separator can be larger or smaller, for example, 0.25 inches or less, or more preferably 0.10 inches or less, or even more preferably 0.025 inches or less. As described further below, adjacent magnets that are not separated by the opposite magnet separator (for example, those in a magnet pocket on one face of the rotor) may utilize magnet spacers which may be less than 0.10 inches thick, and preferably less than 0.04 inches thick. For example, in  FIG. 58 , the first and second magnets may be separated by a magnet spacer, the second and third magnets separated by the opposite magnet separator, and the third and fourth magnets separated by a magnet spacer (e.g., the first two magnets on one face of the rotor and the last two magnets on the other face of the rotor). As another example, in  FIG. 59 , the first and second magnets may be separated by the opposite magnet separator, with the 0.6 inch gap for the stator, and the third and fourth magnets separated by the opposite magnet separator (e.g., the first two magnets on one rotor separated by an opposite magnet separator, and the last two magnets on a separate rotor and separated by an opposite magnet separator). The opposite magnet separator is preferably made of non-magnetic material, for example, plastic. 
         [0371]    One embodiment of the permanent magnet  100  is shown in  FIG. 54 , and discloses a pie shape wedge which optimizes the area/volume for one embodiment of this generator. The magnetic orientation in this embodiment is from the front of the wedge  102  ( FIG. 55 ) as magnetic north to the back of the wedge  101  ( FIG. 55 ) as magnetic south.  FIG. 56  shows a distance and how magnetism is affected by the distance between two magnets. As shown, the magnetism is reduced by a factor of 1/d 3  as the distance (d) is increased. As can be seen from the table above, and  FIGS. 56-61 , more than two opposite magnets can be used in any magnet pocket in any individual rotor. For simplicity, most of the embodiments discussed below just use two opposite magnets. 
         [0372]    One embodiment of the front (or initial) generator rotor  109  is shown in  FIGS. 62 and 63 , and in this embodiment, discloses a shear pin hole  111 , opposite magnet separator  110 , a center hole for the drive shaft  112 , magnet pockets  113  for magnets  100  (see  FIG. 54 ) front and back, orientation tang  114  to link and orient subsequent internal generator rotors, standard tangs  115 , and neighboring magnet separator  116 . The thickness of the opposite magnet separator  110  is preferably thin, and its thickness will impact the overall energy produced as discussed in Table 1 above. It will be understood by those of skill in the art that the tangs function essentially the same as the keys and slots discussed in the earlier embodiments. The opposite magnet separator  110  is preferably the minimum material thickness allowed for the material to maintain its structural integrity in use, and maintains maximum magnetic attraction between the two magnets while keeping the magnets firm in the pockets  113 . The number of magnets  100  shown in  FIGS. 62 and 63  can be varied. In such cases, the angle of the pie shaped magnets shown in  FIG. 54  can be greater or smaller depending on the number of magnets used. In the embodiment shown in  FIGS. 62 and 63 , there are twelve (12) magnets on each face of the rotor (separated on one face from the other face by the opposite magnet separator  110 ), for a total of twenty-four (24) magnets. If additional power were desired, as discussed above, more than two opposite magnets at each magnet location could be used on each face of the rotor. For example, using the configuration of  FIG. 58 , there could be twenty-four (24) magnets on each face of the rotor (stacked two (2) deep in each magnet pocket, with still only twelve (12) magnets in radial arrangement in a single layer), for a total forty-eight magnets on the rotor. If the magnets were stacked three (3) deep in each magnet pocket, as shown in  FIG. 60 , each side of the rotor face could have thirty-six (36) magnets (stacked three (3) deep), for a total of seventy-two (72) magnets on the rotor. Magnets can be stacked four (4) or more deep in any particular magnet pocket. 
         [0373]    When multiple magnets are stacked in a magnet pocket, they are preferably separated by a non-magnetic magnet spacer. In a preferred embodiment, the magnet spacer is less than 0.04 inch thick, and more preferably 0.025 inch or less in thickness. The smaller the gap between the stacked magnets the more magnetic amplification. In one embodiment, the magnetic spacer is made of plastic. In one embodiment, the depth of the magnet pocket is less than 1 inch. In one embodiment the magnet pockets are between ½ and ⅛ inches in depth, with one preferred embodiment having a magnet pocket that is approximately 0.25 inches deep. In an embodiment using stacked magnets in a single magnet pocket 0.25 inches deep, and using a magnet spacer, the magnets may be slightly less than ⅛ inch thick each, with the remaining depth accounted for by the magnet spacer. In one embodiment, the overall depth of the magnet pockets remains relatively small to ensure that the desired magnetic amplification on the stator is achieved. In other words, the deeper the magnet pocket, the farther away some of the magnets will be from the stator, and less amplification will be achieved. 
         [0374]    One embodiment of the center generator rotor  117  (also referred to as the “main rotor”) is shown in  FIGS. 64 and 65 , and in this embodiment, shows a opposite magnet separator  118  (similar to opposite magnet separator  110  in the front/initial rotor), slots  119  to link to into tangs of rotors  120  and  114  (see  FIG. 63 ), a center hole for the drive shaft  121 , pockets  122  for magnets  100  ( FIG. 54 ) front and back, orientation tang  123  to link and orient subsequent generator rotors, standard tangs  124 , and a neighboring magnet separator  125  for separation of magnets. Again, the opposite magnet separator  118  is preferably the minimum material thickness allowed for the material to maintain its structural integrity in use, and maintains maximum magnetic attraction between the two magnets while keeping the magnets firm in the pockets  122 . There can be multiple center generator rotors  117 . As with the front (or initial) rotor discussed above, the center rotor and back (or “end” rotor) can also have varying numbers of magnets, including stacked layers as discussed above. In some embodiments, the rotors do not use a drive slot on the drive shaft. 
         [0375]    One embodiment of the back generator rotor  126  (or “end rotor”) is shown  FIGS. 66 and 67 , and in this embodiment, shows a opposite magnet separator  127 , slots  128  to link into tangs of rotors  120  ( FIG. 65 ), a center hole for the drive shaft  129 , pockets  130  for magnets  100  ( FIG. 54 ) front and back, orientation slot  131 , slots  132  for standard tangs  124  ( FIG. 65 ) and neighboring magnet separator  133  for separation of magnets on a face of the rotor. As with the similar structure for the initial rotor and center rotor, the neighboring magnet separator  133  is preferably the minimum material thickness allowed for the material to maintain its structural integrity in use, while keeping the magnets firm in the pockets  130 . 
         [0376]    One embodiment of the generator stator case  134  is shown in  FIG. 68-69 , and in this embodiment, shows alignment rails  135 , spool alignment rails  136 , hard wiring channels  137  and the modular slots  138  ( FIG. 69 ) for electrical transmission springs. 
         [0377]    One embodiment of the generator spools  139  is shown in  FIG. 70-72 , and in this embodiment, discloses the front of the spool ( FIG. 70 ) which has a smaller tang  140  and alignment rail slots  141 , the back of the spool ( FIG. 72 ) has a larger tang  142  to maintain proper orientation during assembly. 
         [0378]    One embodiment of the generator spool mount  145  is shown in  FIG. 73-75 , and in this embodiment, discloses the back of the spool mount slot  143  ( FIG. 73 ) to attach the larger tang  142  ( FIG. 72 ), the clearance hole for the rotors  109 ,  117 ,  126  ( FIGS. 63 ,  65  and  67 ) and the front spool mount slot  146  ( FIG. 75 ) to attach the smaller tang  140  ( FIG. 70 ). 
         [0379]    One embodiment of the generator electrical spring  147  is shown in  FIG. 76 , and in this embodiment, provides for the transmission from the generator stator to the electrical rails without hard wiring the each stator. 
         [0380]    One embodiment of the generator stator assembly  148  is shown in  FIG. 77-78 , and in this embodiment, integrates a spool mount  145 , several spools  139 , stator case  134  and three electrical springs  147 . 
         [0381]    One embodiment of the generator shaft  149  is shown in  FIG. 79 , and in this embodiment, has a flat  150  on one end to mount the turbine fan blades, a snap ring groove  151 ( a ) and a shear pin hole  151 . 
         [0382]    One embodiment of the front rotor end assembly  152  is shown in  FIGS. 80 and 81 . In this embodiment, the assemblies contain the front rotor end  109  ( FIG. 81 ) and multiple magnets  100  in two opposite positions. Magnets are alternated south pole  153  and north pole  154  radially around the assembly. Opposite magnets  100  ( FIG. 81 ) are installed front to back with the same magnetic orientation. Magnets  100  ( FIG. 82 ) are separated by opposite magnet separator  155  (minimum material thickness) to maximize the magnetic attraction but separate the two magnets. The minimum material keeps the magnets in the pockets on the spools and has a major effect causing magnetic amplification. 
         [0383]    One embodiment of the center rotor assembly  156  is shown in  FIGS. 82 and 83 . In this embodiment, the assemblies contain the inner rotor  117  ( FIG. 84 ) and multiple magnets  100  in two positions. Magnets are alternated south pole  153  and north pole  154  radially around the assembly. Opposite magnets  100  ( FIG. 84 ) are installed front to back with the same magnetic orientation. The magnets  100  are separated by a thin layer of material. 
         [0384]    One embodiment of the back rotor end assembly  157  is shown in  FIGS. 84 and 85 . In this embodiment, the assemblies contain the back rotor end  126  ( FIG. 86 ) and multiple magnets  100  in two positions. Magnets are alternated south pole  153  and north pole  154  radially around the assembly. Opposite magnets  100  ( FIG. 86 ) are installed front to back with the same magnetic orientation. The magnets are separated by a thin layer of material. 
         [0385]    One embodiment of the front seal cap  158  is shown in  FIG. 87-88 , and in this embodiment, contains three (3) grooves  159  to attach the seal cap to the turbine housing, outer seal groove  160 , inner shaft seal groove  161 , non-magnetic bearing hole  162 , shaft clearance hole  163  and two holes  164  for spanner wrench. 
         [0386]    One embodiment of the back seal cap  165  is shown in  FIG. 89-90 , and in this embodiment, contains three (3) grooves  166  to attach the seal cap to the turbine housing, outer seal groove  167 , non-magnetic bearing hole  168  and two holes  169  for spanner wrench. 
         [0387]    One embodiment of the generator core  173  is shown in  FIG. 91 , and in this embodiment, contains the front seal cap  158 , back seal cap  165 , two non-magnetic bearings  170 , shear pin  172 , drive shaft  149 , snap ring  171 , two or more stators  148 , front rotor end  152 , two or more center rotors  156 , and back rotor end  157 . 
         [0388]    One embodiment of the turbine blades  174  is shown in  FIG. 92-95 , and in this embodiment, each blade is attached to an outer stabilizer ring  176  ( FIG. 93 ) where each blade has an gap  175  ( FIG. 92 ) less than ⅕ th  of the area of an individual blade between subsequent turbine blades. Other sizes can be used. Each blade is attach to a center hub  178  ( FIG. 93 ). The stabilizer ring is preferably tapered  177  ( FIG. 93 ) to compress the air flow and secure the air flow to the tip of the turbine blade. Each turbine blade  174  ( FIG. 94 ) has a concave surface  181  ( FIG. 94 ), a leading edge  183  ( FIG. 94 ), a thin training edge  182  ( FIG. 94 ) and a convex surface  180  ( FIG. 94 ) that is on the opposite side of the directed air flow causing aerodynamic lift  180  to the turbine blade. The turbine blade can contain a hole  185  ( FIG. 95 ) to attach to the generator drive shaft, an internal flat  186  ( FIG. 95 ) to orient to the generator drive shaft and a set screw  187  to secure the turbine blade to the drive shaft. 
         [0389]    One embodiment of the wind turbine case  188  is shown in  FIG. 96-99 , and in this embodiment, has three mounting lugs, the electrical conduit lug  190  allows the electrical power to be relayed out of the generator, longest lug  189  maintains proper orientation during assembly, smallest lug  191  also for orientation. A cross-section through the longest lug  189  is shown in  FIG. 97 , and depicts the generator core mounting surface  192 , the front seal cap mounting surface  193 , locking lugs for the front seal cap  194 , lock lugs for the back seal cap  195 , the back seal cap mounting surface  196 , the hole for electrical transmission wiring  197  and the electrical transmission rails  199 . A cross-section through the front section of the wind turbine case  188  is shown in  FIG. 98  and shows the mounting slots  200 , the electrical transmission rails  199  and the orientation slot for the generator stators  201 . A cross-section through the electrical power slot  202  is shown in  FIG. 99 , and shows the orientation slot for the generator stators  201  and the electrical connector mounting surface  203 . 
         [0390]    One embodiment of the square wind turbine case  204  is depicted in  FIG. 100 , and in this embodiment, discloses three lugs  205  that correspond to the wind turbine case  188  ( FIG. 98 ), two or more mounting tangs  206  on two or more sides and two or more mounting slots  207  on two or more sides. As previously discussed, this allows multiple turbine cases to be connected. 
         [0391]    One embodiment of the hexagon wind turbine case  208  is depicted in  FIG. 101 , and in this embodiment, discloses three lugs  205  that correspond to the wind turbine case  188  ( FIG. 98 ), two or more mounting tangs  206  on two or more sides and two or more mounting slots  207  on two or more sides. 
         [0392]    One embodiment of the wind turbine configuration is shown in  FIG. 102 , and in this embodiment, multiple wind turbine cases are aligned behind one another  209  and also side by side  210  to be applied to automobiles, trucks, vans, semi-trailers, trains, recreational vehicles, other transportation vehicles, buildings, or other structures. 
         [0393]    One embodiment of the wind turbine spool coil  139  is shown in  FIG. 103 , and in this embodiment, discloses magnetic wire  211  wound around each of the spools within the generator where wire  211  is wound uniformly  212  ( FIG. 104 ) to maximize the length of wire in order to maximize the generator output voltage. 
         [0394]    One embodiment of the wind turbine stator and rotor configuration is shown in  FIG. 105  where magnet sets ( 215 - 220 ) are shown surrounding wind turbine stator coils ( 221 - 225 ), spools shown and wire not depicted, causes increased magnetic flux fields through each of the spools in a way that amplifies the overall magnetic flux field and strengthens the generated voltage and current in each of the coils. 
         [0395]    One embodiment is to utilize thinner magnets ( 226 - 229 ) within each magnetic pocket shown in  FIG. 106 . Magnets ( 226 - 227 ) are configured on one side of the rotor and magnets ( 228 - 229 ) are on the opposite side of the rotor. 
         [0396]    One embodiment is to utilize thinner magnets ( 226 - 227 ) shown in  FIG. 107  separated by a non-magnetic material spacer  230 . 
         [0397]      FIG. 108  shows the magnetic field flux  231  emanating in a spherical pattern around a magnet  100 . 
         [0398]      FIG. 109  shows the magnet  100  in a cross-section view where the magnetic flux field  231  emanates from the N (north side) of the magnet  100  around in a spherical pattern to the S (south side) of the magnet. 
         [0399]      FIG. 110  shows two magnets  100  where the space between the magnets has a magnetic flux field  232  such that as the two magnets approach one another the magnetic flux field  232  increases in strength. Based upon the laws of conservation of energy, the magnetic flux field  231  strength must increase proportionately to flux field  232  strength documented in Table 1. 
         [0400]    While the invention has been described with respect to a limited number of embodiments, those skilled in the art, having benefit of this disclosure, will appreciate that other embodiments including the use within an electronic motor can be devised which do not depart from the scope of the invention as disclosed here. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should be limited only by the attached claims.