PATENT DOCUMENT

Abstract:
A liquid crystal composition that has a positive dielectric anisotropy and a sufficiently low viscosity and that causes no display defects when used in liquid crystal display devices is provided without decreasing or increasing the refractive index anisotropy or nematic phase-isotropic liquid phase transition temperature. This liquid crystal composition contains at least one compound selected from compounds represented by general formula (LC0) and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by general formulas (LC1) to (LC5). This liquid crystal composition can be used to provide a reliable liquid crystal display device capable of maintaining a high voltage-holding ratio at high temperatures. This liquid crystal display device is highly practical as a liquid crystal display and is effective in achieving quick response without significantly decreasing the cell gap.

Full Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
       [0001]    The present invention relates to nematic liquid crystal compositions that exhibit a positive dielectric anisotropy (Δ∈) and that are useful as electro-optical liquid crystal display materials. 
       BACKGROUND ART 
       [0002]    Liquid crystal display devices are used in applications such as watches, calculators, measuring instruments, automotive instrument panels, word processors, electronic organizers, printers, computers, televisions, clocks, and advertisement boards. Typical liquid crystal display modes include twisted nematic (TN), super-twisted nematic (STN), and other modes based on thin-film transistors (TFTs), such as VA, which is characterized by vertical alignment, and in-plane switching (IPS)/FFS, which is characterized by horizontal alignment. Liquid crystal compositions used in liquid crystal display devices are required to be stable to external factors such as moisture, air, heat, and light, to exhibit a liquid crystal phase over a wider temperature range centered on room temperature, and to have low viscosity and low driving voltage. In addition, liquid crystal compositions are composed of several to tens of compounds to optimize properties such as dielectric anisotropy (Δ∈) and refractive index anisotropy (Δn) depending on the specific display device. 
         [0003]    Whereas liquid crystal compositions of negative Δ∈ are used in vertical-alignment displays, liquid crystal compositions of positive Δ∈ are used in horizontal-alignment displays such as TN, STN, and IPS displays. Recently, a driving mode has been reported in which a liquid crystal composition of positive Δ∈ is vertically aligned when no voltage is applied and is driven by applying an IPS/FFS electric field, boosting the need for liquid crystal compositions of positive Δ∈. Liquid crystal compositions are also required to have low driving voltage, high response speed, and a wide operating temperature range in all driving modes. Specifically, liquid crystal compositions are required to have a positive Δ∈ large in absolute value, a low viscosity (η), and a high nematic phase-isotropic liquid phase transition temperature (T ni ). The Δn of liquid crystal compositions also needs to be adjusted to an appropriate range depending on the cell gap by taking into account the product of Δn and the cell gap (d), i.e., Δn×d. Liquid crystal compositions used in applications such as televisions are also required to have a low γ 1  since quick response is of a higher priority in these applications. 
         [0004]    There are disclosed liquid crystal compositions containing compounds represented by formulas (A-1) and (A-2), which are liquid crystal compounds of positive Δ∈ (PTLs 1 to 4). These liquid crystal compositions, however, fail to provide sufficiently low viscosity. Also disclosed are compounds represented by general formulas (A-3) and (A-4), which have a —CF 2 O— or —OCF 2 — linking group, and liquid crystal compositions containing such compounds (PTLs 5 to 21). Again, these liquid crystal compositions fail to provide sufficiently low viscosity. 
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       CITATION LIST 
     Patent Literature 
       [0005]    PTL 1: WO96/032365 
         [0006]    PTL 2: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 09-157202 
         [0007]    PTL 3: WO98/023564 
         [0008]    PTL 4: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2003-183656 
         [0009]    PTL 5: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2-289529 
         [0010]    PTL 6: Japanese Patent No. 3122199 
         [0011]    PTL 7: WO96/011897 
         [0012]    PTL 8: WO97/037960 
         [0013]    PTL 9: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 10-204016 
         [0014]    PTL 10: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2008-69153 
         [0015]    PTL 11: U.S. Pat. No. 4,818,431 
         [0016]    PTL 12: DE4132006 
         [0017]    PTL 13: U.S. Pat. No. 7,361,388 
         [0018]    PTL 14: U.S. Pat. No. 7,674,507 
         [0019]    PTL 15: U.S. Pat. No. 7,767,277 
         [0020]    PTL 16: WO2006-515283 
         [0021]    PTL 17: WO2008-545669 
         [0022]    PTL 18: WO2010-500980 
         [0023]    PTL 19: EP-156554 
         [0024]    PTL 20: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2011-136998 
         [0025]    PTL 21: U.S. Pat. No. 7,361,388 
         [0026]    PTL 22: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 10-67988 
         [0027]    PTL 23: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 11-29771 
         [0028]    PTL 24: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2003-176251 
         [0029]    PTL 25: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication (Translation of PCT Application) No. 2003-533557 
         [0030]    PTL 26: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication (Translation of PCT Application) No. 2004-529214 
         [0031]    PTL 27: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2005-220355 
         [0032]    PTL 28: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2005-232455 
         [0033]    PTL 29: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2006-328400 
         [0034]    PTL 30: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2007-51291 
         [0035]    PTL 31: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication (Translation of PCT Application) No. 2007-501301 
         [0036]    PTL 32: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication (Translation of PCT Application) No. 2007-503485 
         [0037]    PTL 33: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2009-84560 
         [0038]    PTL 34: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2009-179813 
         [0039]    PTL 35: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2009-185285 
         [0040]    PTL 36: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2010-275390 
         [0041]    PTL 37: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2012-117062 
         [0042]    PTL 38: U.S. Pat. No. 5,976,407 
         [0043]    PTL 39: U.S. Pat. No. 7,001,646 
         [0044]    PTL 40: U.S. Pat. No. 7,175,891 
         [0045]    PTL 41: U.S. Pat. No. 7,250,198 
         [0046]    PTL 42: U.S. Pat. No. 7,604,851 
         [0047]    PTL 43: U.S. Pat. No. 7,704,566 
         [0048]    PTL 44: U.S. Pat. No. 8,168,083 
         [0049]    PTL 45: US-2010/0308267 
         [0050]    PTL 46: US-2011/0024682 
         [0051]    PTL 47: US-2011/0315924 
       SUMMARY OF INVENTION 
     Technical Problem 
       [0052]    An object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal composition having a positive dielectric anisotropy (Δ∈) and a sufficiently low viscosity (q) while adjusting the refractive index anisotropy (Δn) to the desired level and maintaining an appropriate nematic phase temperature range without decreasing the nematic phase-isotropic liquid phase transition temperature (T ni ) or increasing the lower temperature limit of the nematic phase. 
       Solution to Problem 
       [0053]    The inventors have researched various fluorobenzenes and have discovered that the foregoing object can be achieved by the use of a particular combination of compounds, which has led to the present invention. 
         [0054]    The present invention provides a liquid crystal composition having a positive dielectric anisotropy and a liquid crystal display device including the liquid crystal composition. This liquid crystal composition contains at least one compound represented by general formula (LC0). 
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         [0055]    In the formula, R 01  is an alkyl group of 1 to 15 carbon atoms, where at least one —CH 2 — of the alkyl group is optionally replaced by —O—, —CH═CH—, —CO—, —OCO—, —COO—, —C≡C—, —CF 2 O— or —OCF 2 — such that no oxygen atoms are directly adjacent to each other, and at least one hydrogen atom of the alkyl group is optionally replaced by halogen. 
         [0056]    A 01  to A 03  are each independently any of the following structures. 
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         [0057]    (In the structures, at least one —CH 2 — of the cyclohexane ring is optionally replaced by —O— such that no oxygen atoms are directly adjacent to each other, at least one —CH═ of each benzene ring is optionally replaced by —N═ such that no nitrogen atoms are directly adjacent to each other, and X 03  and X 04  are each independently —H, —Cl, —F, —CF 3 , or —OCF 3 .) 
         [0058]    In the formula, partial structural formula (LC0-Ph) may be formula (LC0-Np). 
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         [0059]    X 01 , X 02  and X 05  are each independently hydrogen or fluorine. 
         [0060]    Y 01  is —Cl, —F, —OCHF 2 , —CF 3 , —OCF 3 , or a fluorinated alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, or alkenyloxy group of 2 to 5 carbon atoms. 
         [0061]    Z 01  to Z 05  are each independently a single bond, —CH═CH—, —C≡C—, —CH 2 CH 2 —, —(CH 2 ) 4 —, —OCH 2 —, —CH 2 O—, —OCF 2 —, or —CF 2 O—, where at least one of Z 01  to Z 05  present is —OCH 2 —, —OCF 2 —, or —CF 2 O—. 
         [0062]    W 01  and W 02  are each independently —CH 2 — or —O—. 
         [0063]    m 01  to m 03  are each independently an integer of 0 to 2. m 01 +m 02 +m 03  is 0, 1, or 2. A plurality of A 01 , A 02 , A 03 , Z 01 , Z 03 , and/or Z 05 , if present, may be the same or different. 
       Advantageous Effects of Invention 
       [0064]    The liquid crystal composition according to the present invention has the advantage of exhibiting a positive Δ∈ large in absolute value. The liquid crystal composition also has a low η and a low rotational viscosity (γ 1 ) and exhibits a stable liquid crystal phase over a wide temperature range because of its good liquid crystallinity. This liquid crystal composition is also chemically stable to factors such as heat, light, and moisture and has good phase stability at low temperature because of its good solubility, thereby serving as a practical and reliable liquid crystal composition requiring low driving voltage. 
     
    
     DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS 
       [0065]    A liquid crystal composition according to the present invention contains at least one compound represented by general formula (LC0). 
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         [0066]    In general formula (LC0), R 01  is preferably an alkyl group of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group of 2 to 8 carbon atoms, or an alkoxy group of 1 to 8 carbon atoms and is preferably linear. If R 01  is an alkenyl group, it is preferably selected from the groups represented by formulas (R1) to (R5) (where the black dots are linkages to the ring). These are preferred if A 01  is trans-1,4-cyclohexylene, and formulas (R1), (R2), and (R4) are more preferred. 
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         [0067]    A 01  to A 03  are each independently trans-1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-phenylene, 3-fluoro-1,4-phenylene, 3,5-difluoro-1,4-phenylene, or tetrahydropyran. To achieve the object of the present invention, it is preferred that the liquid crystal composition contain at least one compound selected from the group consisting of these compounds. 
         [0068]    General formula (LC0) has partial structure (LC0-Ph). 
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         [0069]    Partial structure (LC0-Ph) is preferably selected from those represented by the following formulas. 
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         [0070]    Z 01  and Z 05  are preferably each independently a single bond, —CH═CH—, —C≡C—, —CH 2 CH 2 —, —OCF 2 —, or —CF 2 O—. At least one of Z 01  to Z 05  present is —OCH 2 —, —OCF 2 —, or —CF 2 O—. Preferably, one of Z 02  to Z 05  is —OCF 2 , —CF 2 O—, or —OCH 2 —, and more preferably, the remainder is a single bond, —OCF 2 , —CF 2 O—, or —OCH 2 —. 
         [0071]    In the formula, partial structural formula (LC0-Ph) may be formula (LC0-Np). 
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         [0072]    (In the formulas, X 01 , X 02 , and X 05  are each independently hydrogen or fluorine, and Y 01  is —Cl, —F, —OCHF 2 , —CF 3 , —OCF 3 , or a fluorinated alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, or alkenyloxy of 2 to 5 carbon atoms.) 
         [0073]    X 01  to X 05  are preferably F, which results in a significantly low viscosity (η) for a larger or similar dielectric anisotropy (Δ∈). Preferably, there are 2 to 7 F substituents in general formula (LC0), including the two already shown in general formula (LC0). 
         [0074]    It is particularly preferred to use a combination of compounds where Y 01  is F, CF 3 , OCF 3 , —OCF═CF 2 , or —OCH═CF 2 , which lowers the lower temperature limit of the nematic phase and improves the low-temperature operation and storage stability of the liquid crystal composition. 
         [0075]    m 01  to m 03  may each independently be an integer of 0 to 2. It is particularly preferred to use a combination of a compound where m 01 +m 02 +m 03  is 0 and a compound where m 01 +m 02 +m 03  is 1. 
         [0076]    The compound represented by general formula (LC0) is preferably a compound satisfying at least one of the following conditions. 
         [0077]    a compound where Z 01  is present and is —OCH 2 —, —OCF 2 —, or —CF 2 O— 
         [0078]    a compound where Z 02  is —OCH 2 —, —OCF 2 —, or —CF 2 O— 
         [0079]    a compound where Z 03  is present and is —OCH 2 —, —OCF 2 —, or —CF 2 O— 
         [0080]    a compound where Z 04  is —OCH 2 —, —OCF 2 —, or —CF 2 O— 
         [0081]    a compound where Z 05  is present and is —OCH 2 —, —OCF 2 —, or —CF 2 O— 
         [0082]    a compound where both W 01  and W 02  are —CH 2 — 
         [0083]    a compound where one of W 01  and W 02  is —O— 
         [0084]    a compound where both W 01  and W 02  are —O— 
         [0085]    a compound where m 01 +m 02 +m 03  is 0 
         [0086]    a compound where m 01  is 0, m 02  is 0, and m 03  is 1 
         [0087]    a compound where m 01  is 0, m 02  is 1, and m 03  is 0 
         [0088]    a compound where m 01  is 1, m 02  is 0, and m 03  is 0 
         [0089]    a compound where m 01  is 1, m 02  is 0, and m 03  is 1 
         [0090]    a compound where m 01  is 1, m 02  is 1, and m 03  is 0 
         [0091]    a compound where m 01  is 0, m 02  is 1, and m 03  is 1 
         [0092]    a compound where m 01  is 2, one Z 01  is —OCH 2 —, —OCF 2 —, or —CF 2 O—, and the other Z 01  is a single bond 
         [0093]    a compound where m 02  is 1 or 2, one of Z 02  and Z 03  is —OCH 2 —, —OCF 2 —, or —CF 2 O—, and the remainder is a single bond 
         [0094]    a compound where m 03  is 1 or 2, one of Z 04  and Z 05  is —OCH 2 —, —OCF 2 —, or —CF 2 O—, and the remainder is a single bond 
         [0095]    More preferably, the liquid crystal compound represented by general formula (LC0) is a compound represented by any of general formulas (LC0-a) to (LC0-d) below (where R 01 , A 01  to A 03 , Z 01  to Z 05 , X 01 , X 02 , and Y 01  are as defined in general formula (LC0), and if two or more are present, each may be the same or different). The liquid crystal composition according to the present invention preferably contains, as the compound represented by general formula (LC0), at least one of compounds represented by (LC0-a) to (LC0-d). 
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         [0096]    Even more preferably, the compound represented by general formula (LC0) is a compound represented by any of general formulas (LC0-1) to (LC0-74) below. In particular, compounds represented by general formulas (LC0-1) to (LC0-9) are preferred since they have a large dielectric anisotropy (Δ∈), a significantly low viscosity (η), and good general formula (LC0-10) to (LC0-67) are preferred since they have a large dielectric anisotropy (Δ∈), a relatively low viscosity (η), and a high nematic phase-isotropic liquid phase transition temperature (T ni ). 
         [0097]    Still more preferably, the liquid crystal composition containing the compound represented by general formula (LC0) satisfies at least one of the following conditions. 
         [0098]    containing a compound represented by any of general formulas (LC0-2) to (LC0-9) in an amount of at most 40% by mass 
         [0099]    containing a compound represented by any of general formulas (LC0-10) to (LC0-18) in an amount of at most 60% by mass 
         [0100]    containing a compound represented by any of general formulas (LC0-28) to (LC0-38) in an amount of at most 60% by mass 
         [0101]    containing a compound represented by any of general formulas (LC0-48) to (LC0-51) in an amount of at most 30% by mass 
         [0102]    containing a compound represented by any of general formulas (LC0-52) and (LC0-53) in an amount of at most 40% by mass 
         [0103]    containing a compound represented by any of general formulas (LC0-56) to (LC0-59) in an amount of at most 50% by mass 
         [0104]    containing a compound represented by any of general formulas (LC0-60) to (LC0-67) in an amount of at most 20% by mass 
         [0105]    containing a compound represented by any of general formulas (LC0-68) to (LC0-74) in an amount of at most 15% by mass 
         [0106]    containing at least one compound selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by general formulas (LC0-2) to (LC0-5), (LC0-7), (LC0-11) to (LC0-15), (LC0-17), (LC0-18), (LC0-20), (LC0-28) to (LC0-30), (LC0-34), (LC0-35), (LC0-39), (LC0-41), (LC0-45), (LC0-46), (LC0-56) to (LC0-61), (LC0-68), and (LC0-74) 
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         [0107]    (In the formulas, R 01 , A 01  to A 03 , Z 01  to Z 01 , X 01  to X 04 , W 01 , W 02 , and Y 01  are as defined in Claim  1 .) 
         [0108]    Preferably, a compound of general formula (LC0) where R 01  is an alkyl group of 1 to 5 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group of 2 to 5 carbon atoms and Y 01  is —Cl, —F, —OCHF 2 , —CF 3 , —OCF 3 , —CF 2 CF 3 , —CHFCF 3 , —OCF 2 CF 3 , —OCHFCF 3 , —OCF═CF 2 , or —OCH═CF 2  is present in an amount of at most 70% by mass. 
         [0109]    The liquid crystal composition according to the present invention preferably further contains at least one compound selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by general formulas (LC1) to (LC5). Particularly preferred is a liquid crystal composition containing at least one compound represented by general formula (LC0) and satisfying at least one of the following conditions. 
         [0110]    containing a compound represented by general formula (LC1) in an amount of at most 20% by mass 
         [0111]    containing a compound represented by general formula (LC2) in an amount of at most 40% by mass 
         [0112]    containing a compound represented by general formula (LC3) in an amount of at most 50% by mass 
         [0113]    containing a compound represented by general formula (LC4) in an amount of at most 60% by mass 
         [0114]    containing a compound represented by general formula (LC5) in an amount of at most 75% by mass 
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         [0115]    In the formulas, R 11  to R 41  are each independently an alkyl group of 1 to 15 carbon atoms, where at least one —CH 2 — of the alkyl group is optionally replaced by —O—, —CH═CH—, —CO—, —OCO—, —COO—, —C≡C—, —CF 2 O—, or —OCF 2 — such that no oxygen atoms are directly adjacent to each other, and at least one hydrogen atom of the alkyl group is optionally replaced by halogen. R 51  and R 52  are each independently an alkyl group of 1 to 15 carbon atoms, where at least one —CH 2 — of the alkyl group is optionally replaced by —O—, —CH═CH—, —CO—, —OCO—, —COO—, or —C≡C— such that no oxygen atoms are directly adjacent to each other. If A 51  or A 53 , described later, is a cyclohexane ring, R 51  or R 52  may be —OCF 3 , —CF 3 , —OCF═CF 2 , or —OCH═CF 2 . A 11  to A 42  are each independently any of the following structures. 
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         [0116]    (In the structures, at least one —CH 2 — of the cyclohexane ring is optionally replaced by —O— such that no oxygen atoms are directly adjacent to each other, at least one —CH═ of each benzene ring is optionally replaced by —N═ such that no nitrogen atoms are directly adjacent to each other, and X 61  and X 62  are each independently —H, —Cl, —F, —CF 3 , or —OCF 3 .) A 51  to A 53  are each independently any of the following structures. 
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         [0117]    (In the formulas, at least one —CH 2 CH 2 — of the cyclohexane ring is optionally replaced by —CH═CH—, —CF 2 O—, or —OCF 2 —, and at least one —CH═ of each benzene ring is optionally replaced by —N═ such that no nitrogen atoms are directly adjacent to each other). X 11  to X 43  are each independently —H, —Cl, —F, —CF 3 , or —OCF 3 . Y 11  to Y 41  are —Cl, —F, —CF 3 , —OCF 3 , —CF 2 CF 3 , —CHFCF 3 , —OCF 2 CF 3 , —OCHFCF 3 , or —OCF═CF 2 . Z 31  to Z 42  are each independently a single bond, —CH═CH—, —C≡C—, —CH 2 CH 2 —, —(CH 2 ) 4 —, —OCH 2 —, —CH 2 O—, —OCF 2 —, or —CF 2 O—, where at least one of Z 31  and Z 32  present is not a single bond. Z 51  and Z 52  are each independently a single bond, —CH═CH—, —C≡C—, —CH 2 CH 2 —, —(CH 2 ) 4 —, —OCH 2 —, —CH 2 O—, —OCF 2 —, or —CF 2 O—. m 11  to m 51  are each independently an integer of 0 to 3. m 31 +m 32  and m 41 +m 42  are each independently 1, 2, 3, or 4. A plurality of A 23 , A 31 , A 32 , A 41 , A 42 , A 52 , Z 31 , Z 32 , Z 41 , Z 42 , and/or Z 52 , if present, may be the same or different. Compounds represented by general formula (LC0) are excluded. 
         [0118]    In general formulas (LC1) to (LC5), R 11  to R 41  are each independently an alkyl group of 1 to 15 carbon atoms, where at least one —CH 2 — of the alkyl group is optionally replaced by —O—, —CH═CH—, —CO—, —OCO—, —COO—, —C≡C—, —CF 2 O—, or —OCF 2 — such that no oxygen atoms are directly adjacent to each other, and at least one hydrogen atom of the alkyl group is optionally replaced by halogen. R 11  to R 41  are preferably an alkyl group of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group of 2 to 8 carbon atoms, or an alkoxy group of 1 to 8 carbon atoms and are preferably linear. R 51  and R 52  are each independently an alkyl group of 1 to 15 carbon atoms, where at least one —CH 2 — of the alkyl group is optionally replaced by —O—, —CH═CH—, —CO—, —OCO—, —COO—, or —C≡C— such that no oxygen atoms are directly adjacent to each other. R 51  and R 52  are preferably an alkyl group of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group of 2 to 8 carbon atoms, or an alkoxy group of 1 to 8 carbon atoms and are preferably linear. If R 11  to R 52  are alkenyl groups, they are preferably selected from the groups represented by formulas (R1) to (R5). 
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         [0119]    (In the formulas, the black dots are linkages to the ring.) 
         [0120]    A 11  to A 42  are each independently trans-1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-phenylene, 3-fluoro-1,4-phenylene, 3,5-difluoro-1,4-phenylene, or tetrahydropyran. If any of A 11  to A 42  is tetrahydropyran, A 11 , A 21 , or A 31  is preferably tetrahydropyran. A 51  to A 53  are preferably each independently trans-1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-phenylene, 2-fluoro-1,4-phenylene, or 3-fluoro-1,4-phenylene. 
         [0121]    X 11  to X 43  are preferably each independently hydrogen or fluorine. Y 11  to Y 41  are preferably —F, —CF 3 , or —OCF 3 . Z 31  to Z 42  are preferably each independently a single bond, —CH═CH—, —C≡C—, —CH 2 CH 2 —, —(CH 2 ) 4 —, —OCH 2 —, —CH 2 O—, —OCF 2 —, or —CF 2 O—, where at least one of Z 31  and Z 32  present is not a single bond. If m 42  is 0, Z 41  is each independently a single bond, —CH═CH—, —C≡C—, —CH 2 CH 2 —, or —(CH 2 ) 4 —. Z 51  and Z 52  are preferably each independently a single bond, —CH═CH—, —C≡C—, —CH 2 CH 2 —, —(CH 2 ) 4 —, —OCH 2 —, —CH 2 O—, —OCF 2 —, or —CF 2 O—, more preferably a single bond, —CH 2 CH 2 —, —OCF 2 —, or —CF 2 O—, even more preferably a single bond. m 21  is preferably an integer of 0 or 1. m 31  to m 4  are preferably each independently an integer of 0 to 2, and m 31 +m 32  and m 41 +m 42  are preferably each independently 1, 2, or 3. m 51  is preferably an integer of 1 or 2. A plurality of A 23 , A 31 , A 32 , A 41 , A 42 , A 52 , Z 31 , Z 32 , Z 41 , Z 42 , and/or Z 52 , if present, may be the same or different. 
         [0122]    The compound represented by general formula (LC1) is preferably a compound represented by any of general formulas (LC1-1) to (LC1-4). 
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         [0123]    (In the formulas, R 11  is an alkyl group of 1 to 15 carbon atoms, where at least one —CH 2 — of the alkyl group is optionally replaced by —O—, —CH═CH—, —CO—, —OCO—, —COO—, —C≡C—, —CF 2 O—, or —OCF 2 — such that no oxygen atoms are directly adjacent to each other, and at least one hydrogen atom of the alkyl group is optionally replaced by halogen; X 11  and X 12  are each independently —H, —Cl, —F, —CF 3 , or —OCF 3 ; and Y 1  is —Cl, —F, —CF 3 , —OCF 3 , —CF 2 CF 3 , —CHFCF 3 , —OCF 2 CF 3 , —OCHFCF 3 , or —OCF═CF 2 .) 
         [0124]    The compound represented by general formula (LC2) is preferably a compound represented by any of general formulas (LC2-1) to (LC2-14). 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0125]    (In the formulas, R 21  is an alkyl group of 1 to 15 carbon atoms, where at least one —CH 2 — of the alkyl group is optionally replaced by —O—, —CH═CH—, —CO—, —OCO—, —COO—, —C≡C—, —CF 2 O—, or —OCF 2 — such that no oxygen atoms are directly adjacent to each other, and at least one hydrogen atom of the alkyl group is optionally replaced by halogen; X 22  to X 26  are each independently —H, —Cl, —F, —CF 3 , or —OCF 3 ; and Y 21  is —Cl, —F, —CF 3 , —OCF 3 , —CF 2 CF 3 , —CHFCF 3 , —OCF 2 CF 3 , —OCHFCF 3 , or —OCF═CF 2 .) 
         [0126]    The compound represented by general formula (LC3) is preferably a compound selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by general formulas (LC3-1) to (LC3-32) and/or the group consisting of compounds represented by general formulas (LC3-0-1) to (LC3-0-97). 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0127]    (In the formulas, R is as defined for R 31  in general formula (LC3); X 33 , X 34 , X 35 , X 36 , X 37 , and X 38  are each independently H, Cl, F, CF 3 , or OCF 3 ; X 32 , R 31 , and R 31  are an alkyl group of 1 to 15 carbon atoms, where at least one —CH 2 — of the alkyl group is optionally replaced by —O—, —CH═CH—, —CO—, —OCO—, —COO—, —C≡C—, —CF 2 O—, or —OCF 2 — such that no oxygen atoms are directly adjacent to each other, and at least one hydrogen atom of the alkyl group is optionally replaced by halogen; X 32  is —H, —Cl, —F, —CF 3 , or —OCF 3 ; Y 31  is —Cl, —F, —CF 3 , —OCF 3 , —CF 2 CF 3 , —CHFCF 3 , —OCF 2 CF 3 , —OCHFCF 3 , or —OCF═CF 2 ; and —F, CF 3 , and OCF 3  are —F, —CF 3 , or —OCF 3 .) 
         [0128]    The compound represented by general formula (LC4) is preferably a compound represented by any of general formulas (LC4-1) to (LC4-32). 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0129]    (In the formulas, X 44 , X 45 , X 46 , and X 47  are each independently H, Cl, F, CF 3 , or OCF 3 ; R 41  is an alkyl group of 1 to 15 carbon atoms, where at least one —CH 2 — of the alkyl group is optionally replaced by —O—, —CH═CH—, —CO—, —OCO—, —COO—, —C≡C—, —CF 2 O—, or —OCF 2 — such that no oxygen atoms are directly adjacent to each other, and at least one hydrogen atom of the alkyl group is optionally replaced by halogen; X 42  and X 43  are each independently —H, —Cl, —F, —CF 3 , or —OCF 3 ; and Y 41  is —Cl, —F, —CF 3 , —OCF 3 , —CF 2 CF 3 , —CHFCF 3 , —OCF 2 CF 3 , —OCHFCF 3 , or —OCF═CF 2 .) 
         [0130]    The compound represented by general formula (LC5) is preferably a compound represented by any of general formulas (LC5-1) to (LC5-26). 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0131]    (In the formulas, R 51  and R 52  are each independently an alkyl group of 1 to 15 carbon atoms, where at least one —CH 2 — of the alkyl group is optionally replaced by —O—, —CH═CH—, —CO—, —OCO—, —COO—, or —C≡C— such that no oxygen atoms are directly adjacent to each other.) Preferably, the liquid crystal composition according to the present invention contains at least one compound represented by general formula (LC5). The compound represented by general formula (LC5) is preferably present in an amount of 20% to 80% by mass, more preferably 30% to 70% by mass. 
         [0132]    More preferably, the liquid crystal composition according to the present invention contains, as the compound represented by general formula (LC5), at least one compound selected from the group consisting of the following compounds in an amount of at most 70% by mass. 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0133]    (In the formulas, alkyl and alkyl* are each independently an alkyl or alkoxy group of 1 to 5 carbon atoms; and alkenyl and alkenyl* are each independently an alkenyl or alkenyloxy group of 2 to 5 carbon atoms having the following formula.) 
         [0134]    The liquid crystal composition according to the present invention preferably has a viscosity η of 20 mPa·s or less at 20° C. 
         [0135]    The liquid crystal composition according to the present invention may contain at least one optically active compound. The optically active compound may be any optically active compound that allows liquid crystal molecules to be aligned in a twisted configuration. Since the twist generally varies depending on temperature, a plurality of optically active compounds may be used to achieve the desired temperature dependence. It is preferred to select and use optically active compounds having a strong twist effect to avoid a detrimental effect on properties such as the temperature range of the nematic liquid crystal phase and viscosity. As such optically active compounds, the liquid crystal composition according to the present invention preferably contains liquid crystals such as cholesteryl nonanoate and compounds represented by general formulas (Ch-1) to (Ch-6). 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0136]    In the formulas, R c1 , R c2 , and R* are each independently an alkyl group of 1 to 15 carbon atoms, where at least one —CH 2 — of the alkyl group is optionally replaced by —O—, —CH═CH—, —CO—, —OCO—, —COO—, —C≡C—, —CF 2 O—, or —OCF 2 — such that no oxygen atoms are directly adjacent to each other, and at least one hydrogen atom of the alkyl group is optionally replaced by halogen, with the proviso that R* has at least one optically active branched-chain group or halogen substituent. Z c1  and Z c2  are each independently a single bond, —CH═CH—, —C≡C—, —CH 2 CH 2 —, —(CH 2 ) 4 —, —COO—, —OCO—, —OCH 2 —, —CH 2 O—, —OCF 2 —, or —CF 2 O—. D 1  and D 2  are a cyclohexane or benzene ring, where at least one —CH 2 — of the cyclohexane ring is optionally replaced by —O— such that no oxygen atoms are directly adjacent to each other, at least one —CH 2 CH 2 — of the ring is optionally replaced by —CH═CH—, —CF 2 O—, or —OCF 2 —, at least one —CH═ of the benzene ring is optionally replaced by —N═ such that no nitrogen atoms are directly adjacent to each other, and at least one hydrogen atom of the ring is optionally replaced by F, Cl, or CH 3 . t 1  and t 2  are 0, 1, 2, or 3. MG*, Q c1 , and Q c2  are any of the following structures. 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0137]    (In the formulas, D 3  and D 4  are a cyclohexane or benzene ring, where at least one —CH 2 — of the cyclohexane ring is optionally replaced by —O— such that no oxygen atoms are directly adjacent to each other, at least one —CH 2 CH 2 — of the ring is optionally replaced by —CH═CH—, —CF 2 O—, or —OCF 2 —, at least one —CH═ of the benzene ring is optionally replaced by —N═ such that no nitrogen atoms are directly adjacent to each other, and at least one hydrogen atom of the ring is optionally replaced by F, Cl, or CH 3 .) 
         [0138]    The liquid crystal composition according to the present invention may contain at least one polymerizable compound. The polymerizable compound is preferably a discotic liquid crystal compound having a benzene derivative, triphenylene derivative, truxene derivative, phthalocyanine derivative, or cyclohexane derivative backbone in the center of the molecule and linear alkyl, linear alkoxy, or substituted benzoyloxy side chains extending radially from the backbone. 
         [0139]    Specifically, the polymerizable compound is preferably a polymerizable compound represented by general formula (PC). 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0140]    (In the formula, P 1  is a polymerizable functional group; Sp 1  is a spacer group of 0 to 20 carbon atoms; Q p1  is a single bond, —O—, —NH—, —NHCOO—, —OCONH—, —CH═CH—, —CO—, —COO—, —OCO—, —OCOO—, —OOCO—, —CH═CH—, —CH═CH—COO—, —OCO—CH═CH—, or —C≡C—; p 1  and p 2  are each independently 1, 2, or 3; MG p  is a mesogenic group or mesogenic supporting group; and R p1  is halogen, cyano, or an alkyl group of 1 to 25 carbon atoms, where at least one CH 2  moiety of the alkyl group is optionally replaced by —O—, —S—, —NH—, —N(CH 3 )—, —CO—, —COO—, —OCO—, —OCOO—, —SCO—, —COS—, or —C≡C— such that no oxygen atoms are directly adjacent to each other, or R p1  may be P 2 —S p2 -Q p2 -, where P 2 , Sp 2 , and Q p2  are each independently as defined for P 1 , Sp 1 , and Q p1 .) 
         [0141]    More preferably, the polymerizable compound is a polymerizable compound of general formula (PC) where MG p  is represented by the following structure. 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0142]    (In the formula, C 01  to C 03  are each independently 1,4-phenylene, 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-cyclohexenyl, tetrahydropyran-2,5-diyl, 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl, tetrahydrothiopyran-2,5-diyl, 1,4-bicyclo(2,2,2)octylene, decahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl, pyridine-2,5-diyl, pyrimidine-2,5-diyl, pyrazine-2,5-diyl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl, 2,6-naphthylene, phenanthrene-2,7-diyl, 9,10-dihydrophenanthrene-2,7-diyl, 1,2,3,4,4a,9,10a-octahydrophenanthrene-2,7-diyl, or fluorene-2,7-diyl, where 1,4-phenylene, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl, 2,6-naphthylene, phenanthrene-2,7-diyl, 9,10-dihydrophenanthrene-2,7-diyl, 1,2,3,4,4a,9,10a-octahydrophenanthrene-2,7-diyl, and fluorene-2,7-diyl are optionally substituted by at least one F, Cl, CF 3 , OCF 3 , or cyano group, at least one alkyl, alkoxy, alkanoyl, or alkanoyloxy group of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or at least one alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkenoyl, or alkenoyloxy group of 2 to 8 carbon atoms; Z p1  and Z p2  are each independently —COO—, —OCO—, —CH 2 CH 2 —, —OCH 2 —, —CH 2 O—, —CH═CH—, —C≡C—, —CH═CHCOO—, —OCOCH═CH—, —CH 2 CH 2 COO—, —CH 2 CH 2 OCO—, —COOCH 2 CH 2 —, —OCOCH 2 CH 2 —, —CONH—, —NHCO—, or a single bond; and p 3  is 0, 1, or 2.) 
         [0143]    If Sp 1  and Sp 2  are each independently an alkylene group, the alkylene group is optionally substituted by at least one halogen or CN group, where at least one CH 2  of that group is optionally replaced by —O—, —S—, —NH—, —N(CH 3 )—, —CO—, —COO—, —OCO—, —OCOO—, —SCO—, —COS—, or —C≡C— such that no oxygen atoms are directly adjacent to each other. P 1  and P 2  are preferably each independently any of the following general formulas. 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0144]    (In the formulas, R p2  to R p6  are each independently hydrogen, halogen, or an alkyl group of 1 to 5 carbon atoms.) 
         [0145]    More specifically, the polymerizable compound of general formula (PC) is preferably a polymerizable compound represented by any of general formulas (PC0-1) to (PC0-6). 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0146]    (In the formulas, p 4  are each independently 1, 2, or 3.) Even more specifically, the polymerizable compound of general formula (PC) is preferably a polymerizable compound represented by any of general formulas (PC1-1) to (PC1-9). 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0147]    (In the formulas, p 5  is 0, i, 2, 3, or 4.) In particular, Sp 1 , Sp 2 , Q p1 , and Q p2  are preferably a single bond; P 1  and P 2  are preferably formula (PC0-a), more preferably acryloyloxy or methacryloyloxy; p 1 +p 4  is preferably 2, 3, or 4; and R p1  is preferably H, F, CF 3 , OCF 3 , CH 3 , or OCH 3 . More preferred are compounds represented by general formulas (PC1-2), (PC1-3), (PC1-4), and (PC1-8). 
         [0148]    Also preferred are discotic liquid crystal compounds of general formula (PC) where MG p  is represented by general formula (PC1)-9. 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0149]    (In the formulas, R 7  is each independently P 1 -Sp 1 -Q p1  or a substituent of general formula (PC1-e), where R 81  and R 82  are each independently hydrogen, halogen, or methyl, and R 83  is an alkoxy group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, where at least one hydrogen atom of the alkoxy group is replaced by a substituent represented by any of general formulas (PC0-a) to (PC0-d) above.) 
         [0150]    The polymerizable compound is preferably present in an amount of 0.05% to 2.0% by mass. 
         [0151]    The polymerizable compound present in the liquid crystal composition according to the present invention is polymerized to fabricate a liquid crystal display device. In this process, it is desirable to reduce the content of the unpolymerized component to the desired level or lower. The liquid crystal composition preferably contains a compound of general formula (LC0) having a partial structure containing biphenyl and/or terphenyl. More specifically, compounds represented by general formulas (LC0-10) to (LC0-27), (LC0-48) to (LC0-53), and (LC0-60) to (LC0-68) are preferred, and at least one of them is preferably present in an amount of 0.1% to 40% by mass. It is also preferred to use a combination of compounds selected from the group consisting of polymerizable compounds represented by general formulas (PC1-1) to (PC1-3), (PC1-8), and (PC1-9). 
         [0152]    The liquid crystal composition may further contain at least one antioxidant and may further contain at least one UV absorber. The antioxidant is preferably selected from those represented by general formulas (E-1) and (E-2). 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0153]    (In the formulas, R e1  is an alkyl group of 1 to 15 carbon atoms, where at least one —CH 2 — of the alkyl group is optionally replaced by —O—, —CH═CH—, —CO—, —OCO—, —COO—, —C≡C—, —CF 2 O—, or —OCF 2 — such that no oxygen atoms are directly adjacent to each other, and at least one hydrogen atom of the alkyl group is optionally replaced by halogen; 
         [0154]    Z e1  and Z e2  are each independently a single bond, —CH═CH—, —C≡C—, —CH 2 CH 2 —, —(CH 2 ) 4 —, —COO—, —OCO—, —OCH 2 —, —CH 2 O—, —OCF 2 —, or —CF 2 O—; 
         [0155]    E 1  is a cyclohexane or benzene ring, where at least one —CH 2 — of the cyclohexane ring is optionally replaced by —O— such that no oxygen atoms are directly adjacent to each other, at least one —CH 2 CH 2 — of the ring is optionally replaced by —CH═CH—, —CF 2 O—, or —OCF 2 —, at least one —CH═ of the benzene ring is optionally replaced by —N═ such that no nitrogen atoms are directly adjacent to each other, and at least one hydrogen atom of the ring is optionally replaced by F, Cl, or CH 3 ; and q 1  is 0, 1, 2, or 3.) 
         [0156]    The liquid crystal composition according to the present invention can be used for liquid crystal display devices, particularly active-matrix liquid crystal display devices such as TN, OCB, ECB, IPS, and VA-IPS liquid crystal display devices (including those with FFS electrodes). VA-IPS is a mode in which a liquid crystal material of positive dielectric anisotropy (Δ∈&gt;0) is aligned perpendicular to a substrate surface when no voltage is applied and liquid crystal molecules are driven by pixel electrodes and a common electrode disposed on the same substrate surface. This mode, in which liquid crystal molecules are aligned along a curved electric field generated by the pixel electrodes and the common electrode, facilitates pixel division and the formation of multiple domains and also provides the advantage of quick response. This mode is known under various names, such as EOC and VA-IPS, as disclosed in the following non-patent literature: Proc. 13th IDW, 97 (1997), Proc. 13th IDW, 175 (1997), SID Sym. Digest, 319 (1998), SID Sym. Digest, 838 (1998), SID Sym. Digest, 1085 (1998), SID Sym. Digest, 334 (2000), and Eurodisplay Proc., 142 (2009). In the present invention, this mode is hereinafter abbreviated as “VA-IPS”. 
         [0157]    In general, the threshold voltage (Vc) of Fréedericksz transition in TN and ECB is given by the following equation. 
         [0000]    
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   Vc 
                   = 
                   
                     
                       
                         Π 
                          
                         
                             
                         
                          
                         
                           d 
                           cell 
                         
                       
                       
                         
                           d 
                           cell 
                         
                         + 
                         
                           〈 
                           
                             r 
                              
                             
                                 
                             
                              
                             1 
                           
                           〉 
                         
                       
                     
                      
                     
                       
                         
                           K 
                            
                           
                               
                           
                            
                           11 
                         
                         Δɛ 
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   [ 
                   
                     Math 
                     . 
                     
                         
                     
                      
                     1 
                   
                   ] 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
         [0158]    The threshold voltage (Vc) of Fréedericksz transition in IPS is given by the following equation. 
         [0000]    
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   Vc 
                   = 
                   
                     
                       
                         Π 
                          
                         
                             
                         
                          
                         
                           d 
                           gap 
                         
                       
                       
                         
                           d 
                           cell 
                         
                         + 
                         
                           〈 
                           
                             r 
                              
                             
                                 
                             
                              
                             2 
                           
                           〉 
                         
                       
                     
                      
                     
                       
                         
                           K 
                            
                           
                               
                           
                            
                           22 
                         
                         Δɛ 
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   [ 
                   
                     Math 
                     . 
                     
                         
                     
                      
                     2 
                   
                   ] 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
         [0159]    The threshold voltage (Vc) of Fréedericksz transition in VA is given by the following equation. 
         [0000]    
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   Vc 
                   = 
                   
                     
                       
                         Π 
                          
                         
                             
                         
                          
                         
                           d 
                           cell 
                         
                       
                       
                         
                           d 
                           cell 
                         
                         - 
                         
                           〈 
                           
                             r 
                              
                             
                                 
                             
                              
                             3 
                           
                           〉 
                         
                       
                     
                      
                     
                       
                         
                           K 
                            
                           
                               
                           
                            
                           33 
                         
                         
                            
                           Δɛ 
                            
                         
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   [ 
                   
                     Math 
                     . 
                     
                         
                     
                      
                     3 
                   
                   ] 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
         [0160]    (In the equations, Vc is the Fréedericksz transition (V); Π is the circular constant; d cell  is the distance (μm) between first and second substrates; d gap  is the distance (μm) between pixel electrodes and a common electrode; d ITO  is the width (μm) of the pixel electrodes and/or the common electrode; &lt;r1&gt;, &lt;r2&gt;, and &lt;r3&gt; are extrapolation lengths (μm); K11 is the splay elastic constant (N); K22 is the twist elastic constant (N); K33 is the bend elastic constant (N); and Δ∈ is the dielectric anisotropy.) 
         [0161]    The inventors have found that Math. 4 below applies to VA-IPS. 
         [0000]    
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   Vc 
                   ∝ 
                   
                     
                       
                         
                           d 
                           gap 
                         
                         - 
                         
                           〈 
                           
                             r 
                             ′ 
                           
                           〉 
                         
                       
                       
                         
                           d 
                           ITO 
                         
                         + 
                         
                           〈 
                           r 
                           〉 
                         
                       
                     
                      
                     
                       
                         Π 
                          
                         
                             
                         
                          
                         
                           d 
                           cell 
                         
                       
                       
                         
                           d 
                           cell 
                         
                         - 
                         
                           〈 
                           
                             r 
                              
                             
                                 
                             
                              
                             3 
                           
                           〉 
                         
                       
                     
                      
                     
                       
                         
                           K 
                            
                           
                               
                           
                            
                           33 
                         
                         
                            
                           Δɛ 
                            
                         
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   [ 
                   
                     Math 
                     . 
                     
                         
                     
                      
                     4 
                   
                   ] 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
         [0162]    (In the equation, Vc is the Fréedericksz transition (V); Π is the circular constant; d cell  is the distance (μm) between first and second substrates; d gap  is the distance (μm) between pixel electrodes and a common electrode; d ITO  is the width (μm) of the pixel electrodes and/or the common electrode; &lt;r&gt;, &lt;r′&gt;, and &lt;r3&gt; are extrapolation lengths (μm); K33 is the bend elastic constant (N); and Δ∈ is the dielectric anisotropy.) Math. 4 suggests that a cell configuration having a smaller d gap  and a larger d ITO  allows for a lower driving voltage and that a liquid crystal composition having a Δ∈ larger in absolute value and a smaller K33 allows for a lower driving voltage. 
         [0163]    A liquid crystal display device can be fabricated using the liquid crystal composition according to the present invention by aligning liquid crystal molecules along a substrate surface by rubbing using compounds such as polyimides and polyamides. A liquid crystal display device can also be fabricated by photoalignment using compounds such as chalcones, cinnamates, and cinnamoyl compounds. A new alignment technique that can be used involves incorporating a polymerizable liquid crystal compound into an alignment layer and polymerizing the polymerizable liquid crystal compound. 
         [0164]    The properties, such as Δ∈, K11, and K33, of the liquid crystal composition according to the present invention can be adjusted to the preferred levels. 
         [0165]    The product (Δn·d) of the refractive index anisotropy (Δn) of a liquid crystal composition and the distance (d) between first and second substrates of a display is closely related to viewing angle characteristics and response speed. The distance (d) therefore tends to become smaller, i.e., 3 to 4 μm. The product (Δn·d) is preferably 0.31 to 0.33 for TN, ECB, and IPS (in which liquid crystal molecules are aligned substantially parallel to a substrate surface when no voltage is applied). For VA-IPS, in which liquid crystal molecules are aligned perpendicular to both substrates, the product (Δn·d) is preferably 0.20 to 0.59, more preferably 0.30 to 0.40. The appropriate product (Δn·d) thus depends on the mode of the specific display device. The refractive index anisotropy (Δn) of liquid crystal compositions suitable for various modes ranges from 0.070 to 0.110, from 0.100 to 0.140, or from 0.130 to 0.180. Liquid crystal compositions having refractive index anisotropies (Δn) within such different ranges can be prepared. 
         [0166]    A liquid crystal composition according to the present invention containing a polymerizable compound represented by general formula (PC) can be used to provide a polymer-stabilized TN, OCB, ECB, IPS, or VA-IPS liquid crystal display device by polymerizing the polymerizable compound present in the liquid crystal composition with or without the application of voltage. Specifically, a liquid crystal display device can be fabricated by placing the liquid crystal composition containing the polymerizable compound between two substrates and polymerizing the polymerizable compound present in the liquid crystal composition by means of energy such as UV radiation with or without the application of voltage. The polymerization of the polymerizable compound in the liquid crystal display device allows the alignment of liquid crystal molecules to be memorized, thereby improving the stability of the alignment. This also contributes to improved response speed. 
       EXAMPLES 
       [0167]    The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, although these examples are not intended to limit the present invention. In the compositions of the following Examples and Comparative Example, percentages are by mass. 
         [0168]    The physical properties of liquid crystal compositions are denoted as follows: 
         [0169]    T N-I : nematic phase-isotropic liquid phase transition temperature (° C.) 
         [0170]    T-n: lower temperature limit of nematic phase (° C.) 
         [0171]    ∈⊥: dielectric constant in direction perpendicular to long molecular axis at 25° C. 
         [0172]    Δ∈: dielectric anisotropy at 25° C. 
         [0173]    n o : ordinary refractive index at 25° C. 
         [0174]    Δn: refractive index anisotropy at 25° C. 
         [0175]    Vth: applied voltage (V) in 6 μm thick cell that exhibits change in transmittance of 10% at 25° C. upon application of rectangular wave at frequency of 1 KHz 
         [0176]    η 20 : bulk viscosity at 20° C. (mPa·s) 
         [0177]    γ 1 : rotational viscosity (mPa·s) 
         [0178]    Compounds are represented by the following abbreviations. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 n 
                 C n H 2n+1 — 
                 -2- 
                 —CH 2 CH 2 — 
                 —F 
                 —F 
               
               
                 m 
                 —C m H 2m+1   
                 -d- 
                 —CH═CH— 
                 —Cl 
                 —Cl 
               
               
                 nO 
                 C n H 2n+1 O— 
                 -T- 
                 —C≡C— 
                 —CN 
                 —C≡N 
               
               
                 Om 
                 —OC m H 2m+1   
                 -1O- 
                 —CH 2 O— 
                 —CFFF 
                 —CF 3   
               
               
                 ndm- 
                 C n H 2n+1 —CH═CH—(CH 2 ) m−1 — 
                 -O1- 
                 —OCH 2 — 
                 —CFF 
                 —CHF 2   
               
               
                 -ndm 
                 —(CH 2 ) n−1 —CH═CH—C m H 2m+1   
                 -CFFO- 
                 —CF 2 O— 
                 —OCFFF 
                 —OCF 3   
               
               
                 ndmO- 
                 C n H 2n+1 —CH═CH—(CH 2 ) m−1 —O— 
                 -OCFF- 
                 —OCF 2 — 
                 —OCFF 
                 —OCHF 2   
               
               
                 -Ondm 
                 —O—(CH 2 ) n−1 —CH═CH—C m H 2m+1   
                 -V- 
                 —CO— 
                 —OCFFCFFF 
                 —OCF2CF 3   
               
               
                   
                   
                 -VO- 
                 —COO— 
                 —CFFCFFF 
                 —CF2CF 3   
               
               
                   
                   
                 -OV- 
                 —OCO— 
                 —OCF═CFF 
                 —OCF═CF 2   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 —OCH═CFF 
                 —OCH═CF 2   
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
       Example 1 
     Comparative Example 1 
       [0179]    The resulting liquid crystal compositions and the physical properties thereof are shown below. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 2 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Component 
                 Ex-1 
                 Ref-1 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-O1-Cy-Ph-OCFFF 
                 10.0 
                   
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-O1-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 15.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph-O1-Cy-Ph-OCFFF 
                   
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-1O-Cy-Ph3-F 
                   
                 15.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-F 
                   
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 1d1-Cy-Cy-2 
                 10.0 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 0d3-Cy-Cy-3 
                 15.0 
                 15.0 
               
               
                   
                 2-Cy-Cy-Ph-1 
                 8.0 
                 8.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Cy-Ph-1 
                 7.0 
                 7.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph1-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph-Ph-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Cy-Ph3-OCFFF 
                 5.0 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 5-Cy-Cy-Ph3-OCFFF 
                 5.0 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 2-Cy-Cy-Ph3-Ph3-F 
                 4.0 
                 4.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Cy-Ph3-Ph3-F 
                 3.0 
                 3.0 
               
               
                   
                 5-Cy-Cy-Ph3-Ph3-F 
                 3.0 
                 3.0 
               
               
                   
                 total 
                 100.0 
                 100.0 
               
               
                   
                 Tni (° C.) 
                 73.7 
                 71.4 
               
               
                   
                 T-n (° C.) 
                 −38.0 
                 −36.0 
               
               
                   
                 Vth (volt) 
                 1.39 
                 1.38 
               
               
                   
                 Δε 
                 10.0 
                 9.8 
               
               
                   
                 Δn 
                 0.087 
                 0.088 
               
               
                   
                 η20° C. (mPa · s) 
                 14.5 
                 20.3 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0180]    Ex-1 is a liquid crystal composition containing compounds represented by general formula (LC0) in the present invention. Ref-1 is a liquid crystal composition containing no compound represented by general formula (LC0) in the present invention. The γ 1  of Ex-1 was 74 mPa·s, whereas the γ 1  of Ref-1 was 96 mPa·s. The results show that Ex-1 had a much lower viscosity than Ref-1, which contained compounds differing in partial structure from compounds represented by general formula (LC0), demonstrating the superiority of the combination according to the present invention. 
       Example 2 
       [0181]    Liquid crystal compositions containing compounds of general formula (LC5) and the physical properties thereof are shown below. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 3 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Conponent 
                 Mix-A 
                 Mix-B 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 0d1-Cy-Cy-3 
                 10.0 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 od1-Cy-Cy-1d1 
                 10.0 
                 20.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-d-Cy-1d1 
                 10.0 
                 20.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr-Cy-2 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr-Cy-1d1 
                 10.0 
                 20.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr-d-Cy-3d0 
                 10.0 
                 20.0 
               
               
                   
                 5-Ph-Ph-1 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Cy-Ph-1 
                 15.0 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 1-Ph-Ph1-Ph-3d0 
                 15.0 
                   
               
               
                   
                 total 
                 100.0 
                 100.0 
               
               
                   
                 Tni (° C.) 
                 78.9 
                 78.0 
               
               
                   
                 Δε 
                 0.1 
                 0.1 
               
               
                   
                 Δn 
                 0.104 
                 0.063 
               
               
                   
                 η20° C. (mPa · s) 
                 9.3 
                 7.1 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0182]    Liquid crystal compositions prepared using Mix-A and Mix-B and the physical properties thereof are shown below. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 4 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Mix-A 
                 35.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Cy-Ph3-OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr-Ph1-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-O1-Cy-Ph-OCFFF 
                 7.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-OCFFF 
                 8.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Pr-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-Ph3-OCFFF 
                 8.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 8.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr-Ph3-O1-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 7.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Pr-Ph3-F 
                 7.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph1-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 total 
                 100.0 
               
               
                   
                 Tni (° C.) 
                 89.7 
               
               
                   
                 T-n (° C.) 
                 −43.0 
               
               
                   
                 Vth (volt) 
                 1.09 
               
               
                   
                 Δε 
                 14.8 
               
               
                   
                 Δn 
                 0.108 
               
               
                   
                 η20° C. (mPa · s) 
                 15.4 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Example 3 
       [0183]    The resulting liquid crystal composition and the physical properties thereof are shown below. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 5 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Mix-A 
                 50.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-O1-Cy-Ph-OCFFF 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-O1-Cy-Ph3-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Pr-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-Ph3-OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr-Ph3-O1-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-O1-Cy-Np3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 total 
                 100.0 
               
               
                   
                 Tni (° C.) 
                 74.0 
               
               
                   
                 T-n (° C.) 
                 −42.0 
               
               
                   
                 Vth (volt) 
                 1.15 
               
               
                   
                 Δε 
                 13.2 
               
               
                   
                 Δn 
                 0.102 
               
               
                   
                 η20° C. (mPa · s) 
                 15.5 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Example 4 
       [0184]    The resulting liquid crystal composition and the physical properties thereof are shown below. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 6 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Mix-A 
                 45.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph-Ph1-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr-Ph1-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-O1-Cy-Ph3-Ph3-F 
                 7.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-Ph3-F 
                 8.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Pr-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-Ph3-OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 total 
                 100.0 
               
               
                   
                 Tni (° C.) 
                 79.8 
               
               
                   
                 T-n (° C.) 
                 −41.0 
               
               
                   
                 Vth (volt) 
                 1.04 
               
               
                   
                 Δε 
                 17.1 
               
               
                   
                 Δn 
                 0.110 
               
               
                   
                 η20° C. (mPa · s) 
                 18.4 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Example 5 
       [0185]    The resulting liquid crystal composition and the physical properties thereof are shown below. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 7 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Mix-A 
                 55.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Cy-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Pr-Ph3-F 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-OCFFF 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Pr-Ph3-F 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph1-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 total 
                 100.0 
               
               
                   
                 Tni (° C.) 
                 75.0 
               
               
                   
                 T-n (° C.) 
                 −39.0 
               
               
                   
                 Vth (volt) 
                 1.62 
               
               
                   
                 Δε 
                 7.7 
               
               
                   
                 Δn 
                 0.102 
               
               
                   
                 η20° C. (mPa · s) 
                 10.8 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Example 6 
       [0186]    The resulting liquid crystal composition and the physical properties thereof are shown below. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 8 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Mix-A 
                 45.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph1-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph-Ph1-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr-Ph-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr-Ph1-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-Ph3-OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Pr-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-O1-Cy-Np3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph1-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 total 
                 100.0 
               
               
                   
                 Tni (° C.) 
                 86.5 
               
               
                   
                 T-n (° C.) 
                 −47.0 
               
               
                   
                 Vth (volt) 
                 1.13 
               
               
                   
                 Δε 
                 13.4 
               
               
                   
                 Δn 
                 0.125 
               
               
                   
                 η20° C. (mPa · s) 
                 19.1 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Example 7 
       [0187]    The resulting liquid crystal composition and the physical properties thereof are shown below. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 9 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Mix-B 
                 40.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Cy-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph1-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Cy-Ph3-OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Pr-Ph3-F 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr-Ph-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr-Cy-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 5-Pr-Oc-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr-Ph3-O1-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Pr-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 total 
                 100.0 
               
               
                   
                 Tni (° C.) 
                 81.2 
               
               
                   
                 T-n (° C.) 
                 −41.0 
               
               
                   
                 Vth (volt) 
                 1.44 
               
               
                   
                 Δε 
                 9.8 
               
               
                   
                 Δn 
                 0.078 
               
               
                   
                 η20° C. (mPa · s) 
                 17.8 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Example 8 
       [0188]    The resulting liquid crystal composition and the physical properties thereof are shown below. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 10 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Mix-B 
                 45.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Cy-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Pr-Ph3-F 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr-Cy-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-O1-Cy-Ph-OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr-Ph3-O1-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 total 
                 100.0 
               
               
                   
                 Tni (° C.) 
                 80.9 
               
               
                   
                 T-n (° C.) 
                 −39.0 
               
               
                   
                 Vth (volt) 
                 1.61 
               
               
                   
                 Δε 
                 8.0 
               
               
                   
                 Δn 
                 0.067 
               
               
                   
                 η20° C. (mPa · s) 
                 13.7 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Example 9 
       [0189]    The resulting liquid crystal composition and the physical properties thereof are shown below. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 11 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Mix-B 
                 50.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3—O1-Cy-Ph—OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3—OCFF-Cy-Ph3—OCFFF 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3—OCFF—Pr—Ph3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3—OCFF-Cy-Ph3—CFFO—Ph3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3—OCFF—Pr—Ph3—CFFO—Ph3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph—Ph3—OCFF-Cy-Ph3—F 
                 8.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr—Ph3—OCFF-Cy-Ph3—F 
                 7.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr—Ph3—O1-Cy-Ph3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 total 
                 100.0 
               
               
                   
                 Tni(° C.) 
                 71.7 
               
               
                   
                 T-n (° C.) 
                 −39.0 
               
               
                   
                 Vth (volt) 
                 1.33 
               
               
                   
                 Δε 
                 11.1 
               
               
                   
                 Δn 
                 0.081 
               
               
                   
                 η20° C. (mPa · s) 
                 9.7 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Example 10 
       [0190]    The resulting liquid crystal composition and the physical properties thereof are shown below. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 12 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Mix-B 
                 40.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph3—O1—Ph3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph—Ph3—O1—Ph3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph3—O1—Ph3—Ph—OCFFF 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 1d1-Cy-Cy-Ph3—O1—Ph3—F 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3—O1-Cy-Ph—OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3—OCFF-Cy-Ph3—OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3—OCFF—Pr—Ph3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph—Ph3—OCFF-Cy-Ph3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr—Ph3—OCFF-Cy-Ph3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr—Ph3—O1-Cy-Ph3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 total 
                 100.0 
               
               
                   
                 Tni(° C.) 
                 76.9 
               
               
                   
                 T-n (° C.) 
                 −45.0 
               
               
                   
                 Vth (volt) 
                 1.40 
               
               
                   
                 Δε 
                 9.9 
               
               
                   
                 Δn 
                 0.081 
               
               
                   
                 η20° C. (mPa · s) 
                 10.8 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Example 11 
       [0191]    The resulting liquid crystal composition and the physical properties thereof are shown below. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 13 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Mix-B 
                 50.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph3—O1—Ph3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 1d1-Cy-Cy-Ph3—O1—Ph3—F 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3—O1-Cy-Ph—OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3—OCFF—Pr—Ph3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3—OCFF-Cy-Ph3—Ph3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3—OCFF-Cy-Ph3—CFFO—Ph3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3—OCFF—Pr—Ph3—CFFO—Ph3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr—Ph3—OCFF-Cy-Ph3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr—Ph3—O1-Cy-Ph3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 total 
                 100.0 
               
               
                   
                 Tni(° C.) 
                 75.3 
               
               
                   
                 T-n (° C.) 
                 −44.0 
               
               
                   
                 Vth (volt) 
                 1.37 
               
               
                   
                 Δε 
                 11.1 
               
               
                   
                 Δn 
                 0.074 
               
               
                   
                 η20° C. (mPa · s) 
                 11.8 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Example 12 
       [0192]    The resulting liquid crystal composition and the physical properties thereof are shown below. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 14 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Mix-A 
                 80.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph1—Ph3—O1—Ph3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph—Ph1—Ph3—O1—Ph3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph1—Ph3—O1—Ph3—OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr—Ph1—Ph3—O1—Ph3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph—Ph1—Np3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3—O1—Ph—Np3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph—Ph3—OCFF-Cy-Ph3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3—O1-Cy-Np3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 total 
                 100.0 
               
               
                   
                 Tni(° C.) 
                 90.6 
               
               
                   
                 T-n (° C.) 
                 −41.0 
               
               
                   
                 Vth (volt) 
                 1.51 
               
               
                   
                 Δε 
                 9.0 
               
               
                   
                 Δn 
                 0.131 
               
               
                   
                 η20° C. (mPa · s) 
                 17.9 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Example 13 
       [0193]    The resulting liquid crystal composition and the physical properties thereof are shown below. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 15 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Mix-A 
                 50.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph—Ph1—Ph3—O1—Ph3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph1—Ph3—O1—Ph3—OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr—Ph1—Ph3—O1—Ph3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3—O1—Ph—Np3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3—O1-Cy-Ph3—Ph3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3—OCFF-Cy-Ph3—Ph3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3—OCFF-Cy-Ph3—CFFO—Ph3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3—OCFF—Pr—Ph3—CFFO—Ph3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3—OCFF-Cy-Ph3—Ph3—OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph—Ph3—OCFF-Cy-Ph3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 total 
                 100.0 
               
               
                   
                 Tni(° C.) 
                 85.7 
               
               
                   
                 T-n (° C.) 
                 −45.0 
               
               
                   
                 Vth (volt) 
                 1.10 
               
               
                   
                 Δε 
                 15.6 
               
               
                   
                 Δn 
                 0.117 
               
               
                   
                 η20° C. (mPa · s) 
                 19.8 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Example 14 
       [0194]    The resulting liquid crystal composition and the physical properties thereof are shown below. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 16 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Mix-A 
                 50.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph—Ph3—O1—Ph3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph1—Ph3—O1—Ph3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph3—O1—Ph3—Ph—OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph—Ph1—Np3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3—OCFF-Cy-Ph3—OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3—O1-Cy-Ph3—Ph3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3—OCFF-Cy-Ph3—Ph3—OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3—OCFF-Cy-Pr—Ph3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3—O1-Cy-Np3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3—OCFF-Cy-Ph1—Ph3—CFFO—Ph3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 total 
                 100.0 
               
               
                   
                 Tni(° C.) 
                 87.1 
               
               
                   
                 T-n (° C.) 
                 −46.0 
               
               
                   
                 Vth (volt) 
                 1.27 
               
               
                   
                 Δε 
                 12.3 
               
               
                   
                 Δn 
                 0.123 
               
               
                   
                 η20° C. (mPa · s) 
                 17.5 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Example 15 
       [0195]    The resulting liquid crystal composition and the physical properties thereof are shown below. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 17 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Mix-A 
                 50.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph1—Ph3—O1—Ph3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph—Ph1—Ph3—O1—Ph3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph3—O1—Ph3—Ph—OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 1d1-Cy-Cy-Ph3—O1—Ph3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph—Ph1—Np3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3—OCFF-Cy-Ph3—Ph3—OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph—Ph3—OCFF-Cy-Ph3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr—Ph3—OCFF-Cy-Ph3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr—Ph3—O1-Cy-Ph3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3—OCFF-Cy-Pr—Ph3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 total 
                 100.0 
               
               
                   
                 Tni(° C.) 
                 100.0 
               
               
                   
                 T-n (° C.) 
                 −48.0 
               
               
                   
                 Vth (volt) 
                 1.38 
               
               
                   
                 Δε 
                 10.8 
               
               
                   
                 Δn 
                 0.115 
               
               
                   
                 η20° C. (mPa · s) 
                 17.9 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Example 16 
       [0196]    The resulting liquid crystal composition and the physical properties thereof are shown below. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 18 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Mix-B 
                 40.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph3—O1—Ph3—F 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph3—O1—Ph3—Ph—OCFFF 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 1d1-Cy-Cy-Ph3—O1—Ph3—F 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3—OCFF-Cy-Ph3—OCFFF 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3—OCFF—Pr—Ph3—F 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr—Ph3—O1-Cy-Ph3—F 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 total 
                 100.0 
               
               
                   
                 Tni(° C.) 
                 74.3 
               
               
                   
                 T-n (° C.) 
                 −41.0 
               
               
                   
                 Vth (volt) 
                 1.53 
               
               
                   
                 Δε 
                 8.9 
               
               
                   
                 Δn 
                 0.077 
               
               
                   
                 η20° C. (mPa · s) 
                 9.5 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Example 17 
       [0197]    The resulting liquid crystal composition and the physical properties thereof are shown below. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 19 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Mix-B 
                 45.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph—Ph3—O1—Ph3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr—Ph1—Ph3—O1—Ph3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3—O1—Ph—Np3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3—O1-Cy-Ph—OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3—O1-Cy-Ph3—Ph3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3—OCFF-Cy-Ph3—Ph3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3—OCFF-Cy-Ph3—CFFO—Ph3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3—OCFF—Pr—Ph3—CFFO—Ph3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3—OCFF-Cy-Pr—Ph3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3—O1-Cy-Np3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3—OCFF-Cy-Ph1—Ph3—CFFO—Ph3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 total 
                 100.0 
               
               
                   
                 Tni(° C.) 
                 75.5 
               
               
                   
                 T-n (° C.) 
                 −41.0 
               
               
                   
                 Vth (volt) 
                 1.08 
               
               
                   
                 Δε 
                 15.7 
               
               
                   
                 Δε 
                 0.099 
               
               
                   
                 η20° C. (mPa · s) 
                 17.1 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Example 18 
       [0198]    The resulting liquid crystal composition and the physical properties thereof are shown below. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 20 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Mix-B 
                 45.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3—O1-Cy-Ph3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3—CFFO—Pr—Ph3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3—CFFO-Oc-Ph3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3—CFFO—Ph3—OCFF-Cy-Ph3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph3—CFFO—Pr—Ph3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-Cy-Cy-CFFO—Ph3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-Cy-Cy-CFFO—Ph—CFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr—Ph3—O1-Cy-Ph3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3—OCFF-Cy-Ph3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph3—OCFF-Cy-Ph3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph3—OCFF-Cy-Ph3—OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 total 
                 100.0 
               
               
                   
                 Tni(° C.) 
                 74.5 
               
               
                   
                 T-n (° C.) 
                 −45.0 
               
               
                   
                 Vth (volt) 
                 1.29 
               
               
                   
                 Δε 
                 11.8 
               
               
                   
                 Δn 
                 0.072 
               
               
                   
                 η20° C. (mPa · s) 
                 13.4 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Example 19 
       [0199]    The resulting liquid crystal composition and the physical properties thereof are shown below. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 21 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Mix-B 
                 30.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3—O1-Cy-Ph3—F 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3—CFFO—Pr—Ph3—F 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3—CFFO-Oc-Ph3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3—OCFF-Cy-Ph3—Ph3—OCH═FF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3—CFFO—Ph3—OCFF-Cy-Ph3—F 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-Cy-Cy-CFFO—Ph3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-Cy-Cy-CFFO—Ph—CFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-Cy-Cy-CFFO—Ph3—CFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3—O1-Cy-Ph3—Ph—OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3—OCFF-Cy-Ph3—Ph—OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph3—OCFF-Cy-Ph3—OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 total 
                 100.0 
               
               
                   
                 Tni(° C.) 
                 74.2 
               
               
                   
                 T-n (° C.) 
                 −44.0 
               
               
                   
                 Vth (volt) 
                 1.02 
               
               
                   
                 Δε 
                 17.3 
               
               
                   
                 Δn 
                 0.082 
               
               
                   
                 η20° C. (mPa · s) 
                 18.2 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Example 20 
       [0200]    The resulting liquid crystal composition and the physical properties thereof are shown below. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 22 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Mix-B 
                 35.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3—CFFO—Pr—Ph3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3—CFFO-Oc-Ph3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3—O1-Cy-Ph3—Ph3—OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3—O1-Cy-Ph3—Ph3—OCH═CFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3—CFFO-Oc-Ph3—Ph3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3—CFFO—Ph3—OCFF-Cy-Ph3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph3—CFFO—Pr—Ph3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr—Ph3—O1-Cy-Ph3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3—O1-Cy-Ph3—Ph3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3—O1—Pr—Ph3—Ph3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3—O1—Pr—Ph3—Ph—OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3—OCFF-Cy-Ph3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph3—OCFF-Cy-Ph3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 total 
                 100.0 
               
               
                   
                 Tni(° C.) 
                 75.1 
               
               
                   
                 T-n (° C.) 
                 −46.0 
               
               
                   
                 Vth (volt) 
                 0.98 
               
               
                   
                 Δε 
                 19.3 
               
               
                   
                 Δn 
                 0.084 
               
               
                   
                 η20° C. (mPa · s) 
                 19.5 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Example 21 
       [0201]    The resulting liquid crystal composition and the physical properties thereof are shown below. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 23 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Mix-B 
                 40.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3—O1-Cy-Ph3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3—CFFO—Pr—Ph3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3—CFFO-Oc-Ph3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph3—CFFO—Pr—Ph3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-Cy-Cy-CFFO—Ph3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-Cy-Cy-CFFO—Ph—CFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-Cy-Cy-CFFO—Ph3—CFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr—Ph3—O1-Cy-Ph3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3—O1—Pr—Ph3—Ph3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3—OCFF-Cy-Ph3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph3—OCFF-Cy-Ph3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph3—OCFF-Cy-Ph3—OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 total 
                 100.0 
               
               
                   
                 Tni(° C.) 
                 76.9 
               
               
                   
                 T-n (° C.) 
                 −48.0 
               
               
                   
                 Vth (volt) 
                 1.25 
               
               
                   
                 Δε 
                 13.1 
               
               
                   
                 Δn 
                 0.072 
               
               
                   
                 η20° C. (mPa · s) 
                 15.0 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Example 22 
       [0202]    The resulting liquid crystal composition and the physical properties thereof are shown below. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 24 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Mix-B 
                 45.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3—O1-Cy-Ph3—Ph3—OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3—OCFF-Cy-Ph3—Ph3—OCH═FF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-Cy-Cy-CFFO—Ph—CFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3—O1-Cy-Ph3—Ph3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3—O1-Cy-Ph3—Ph—OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3—O1—Pr—Ph3—Ph—OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3—OCFF-Cy-Ph3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3—OCFF-Cy-Ph3—Ph—OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr—Ph—Ph3—OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph1—Ph3—O1—Ph3—OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph—Ph1—Ph3—CFFO—Ph3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 total 
                 100.0 
               
               
                   
                 Tni(° C.) 
                 93.8 
               
               
                   
                 T-n (° C.) 
                 −45.0 
               
               
                   
                 Vth (volt) 
                 1.18 
               
               
                   
                 Δε 
                 14.4 
               
               
                   
                 Δn 
                 0.097 
               
               
                   
                 η20° C. (mPa · s) 
                 18.8 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Example 23 
       [0203]    The resulting liquid crystal composition and the physical properties thereof are shown below. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 25 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Mix-B 
                 65.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3—CFFO—Pr—Ph3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3—CFFO-Oc-Ph3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-Cy-Cy-CFFO—Ph3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-Cy-Cy-CFFO—Ph—CFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3—OCFF-Cy-Ph3—F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr—Ph—Ph3—OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph1—Ph3—O1—Ph3—OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 total 
                 100.0 
               
               
                   
                 Tni(° C.) 
                 74.6 
               
               
                   
                 T-n (° C.) 
                 −40.0 
               
               
                   
                 Vth (volt) 
                 1.66 
               
               
                   
                 Δε 
                 7.5 
               
               
                   
                 Δn 
                 0.075 
               
               
                   
                 η20° C. (mPa · s) 
                 10.9 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Example 24 
       [0204]    The resulting liquid crystal composition and the physical properties thereof are shown below. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 26 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Mix-A 
                 60.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-O1-Cy-Ph3-Ph3-OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-O1-Cy-Ph3-Ph3-OCH═CFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-CFFO-Oc-Ph3-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-Ph3-OCH═FF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-O1-Cy-Ph3-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-O1-Cy-Ph3-Ph-OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-Ph-OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph1-Ph3-O1-Ph3-OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 total 
                 100.0 
               
               
                   
                 Tni (° C.) 
                 95.1 
               
               
                   
                 T-n (° C.) 
                 −40.0 
               
               
                   
                 Vth (volt) 
                 1.30 
               
               
                   
                 Δε 
                 13.0 
               
               
                   
                 Δn 
                 0.112 
               
               
                   
                 η20° C. (mPa · s) 
                 18.9 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Example 25 
       [0205]    The resulting liquid crystal composition and the physical properties thereof are shown below. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 27 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Mix-A 
                 60.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-O1-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-O1-Cy-Ph3-Ph3-OCH═CFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-CFFO-Oc-Ph3-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-O1-Cy-Ph3-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-O1-Pr-Ph3-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-O1-Pr-Ph3-Ph-OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph1-Ph3-O1-Ph3-OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 total 
                 100.0 
               
               
                   
                 Tni (° C.) 
                 79.9 
               
               
                   
                 T-n (° C.) 
                 −43.0 
               
               
                   
                 Vth (volt) 
                 1.26 
               
               
                   
                 Δε 
                 12.9 
               
               
                   
                 Δn 
                 0.106 
               
               
                   
                 η20° C. (mPa · s) 
                 17.7 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Example 26 
       [0206]    The resulting liquid crystal composition and the physical properties thereof are shown below. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 28 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Mix-B 
                 40.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-OCFFF 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Pr-Ph3-F 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-Ph-OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-Ph3-OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph3-O1-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph3-O1-Ph-OCFFF 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Pr-Ph3-O1-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 0d1-Cy-Ph3-O1-Ph-OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 total 
                 100.0 
               
               
                   
                 Tni (° C.) 
                 72.9 
               
               
                   
                 T-n (° C.) 
                 −42.0 
               
               
                   
                 Vth (volt) 
                 1.31 
               
               
                   
                 Δε 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 Δn 
                 0.083 
               
               
                   
                 η20° C. (mPa · s) 
                 8.5 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Example 27 
       [0207]    The resulting liquid crystal composition and the physical properties thereof are shown below. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 29 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Mix-B 
                 55.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-O1-Cy-Ph-OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph3-O1-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph3-O1-Ph-OCFFF 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr-Ph3-O1-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Pr-Ph3-O1-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 total 
                 100.0 
               
               
                   
                 Tni (° C.) 
                 73.6 
               
               
                   
                 T-n (° C.) 
                 −40.0 
               
               
                   
                 Vth (volt) 
                 1.77 
               
               
                   
                 Δε 
                 6.5 
               
               
                   
                 Δn 
                 0.070 
               
               
                   
                 η20° C. (mPa · s) 
                 9.4 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Example 28 
       [0208]    The resulting liquid crystal composition and the physical properties thereof are shown below. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 30 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Mix-A 
                 60.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-O1-Cy-Ph3-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-Ph-OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-Ph3-OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr-Ph1-Ph3-O1-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-O1-Ph-Np3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 total 
                 100.0 
               
               
                   
                 Tni (° C.) 
                 83.9 
               
               
                   
                 T-n (° C.) 
                 −41.0 
               
               
                   
                 Vth (volt) 
                 1.14 
               
               
                   
                 Δε 
                 13.2 
               
               
                   
                 Δn 
                 0.112 
               
               
                   
                 η20° C. (mPa · s) 
                 17.3 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Example 29 
       [0209]    The resulting liquid crystal composition and the physical properties thereof are shown below. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 31 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Mix-A 
                 55.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-Ph-OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-O1-Cy-Np3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph1-Ph3-O1-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph-Ph1-Ph3-O1-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph-Ph1-Ph3-O1-Ph-OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr-Ph1-Ph3-O1-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph1-Np3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph-Ph1-Np3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-O1-Ph-Np3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 total 
                 100.0 
               
               
                   
                 Tni (° C.) 
                 85.9 
               
               
                   
                 T-n (° C.) 
                 −43.0 
               
               
                   
                 Vth (volt) 
                 1.43 
               
               
                   
                 Δε 
                 9.5 
               
               
                   
                 Δn 
                 0.136 
               
               
                   
                 η20° C. (mPa · s) 
                 19.2 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Example 30 
       [0210]    The resulting liquid crystal composition and the physical properties thereof are shown below. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 32 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Mix-A 
                 50.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-Ph-OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-Ph3-OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph3-O1-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph1-Ph3-O1-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph-Ph1-Ph3-O1-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph-Ph1-Ph3-O1-Ph-OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr-Ph1-Ph3-O1-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Pr-Ph3-O1-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph-Ph1-Np3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 total 
                 100.0 
               
               
                   
                 Tni (° C.) 
                 101.9 
               
               
                   
                 T-n (° C.) 
                 −45.0 
               
               
                   
                 Vth (volt) 
                 1.43 
               
               
                   
                 Δε 
                 10.6 
               
               
                   
                 Δn 
                 0.120 
               
               
                   
                 η20° C. (mPa · s) 
                 19.2 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Example 31 
       [0211]    The resulting liquid crystal composition and the physical properties thereof are shown below. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 33 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Mix-A 
                 55.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Pr-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-O1-Cy-Ph3-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-Ph-OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-O1-Cy-Np3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 0d1-Cy-Ph3-O1-Ph-OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 total 
                 100.0 
               
               
                   
                 Tni (° C.) 
                 73.3 
               
               
                   
                 T-n (° C.) 
                 −42.0 
               
               
                   
                 Vth (volt) 
                 1.19 
               
               
                   
                 Δε 
                 11.5 
               
               
                   
                 Δn 
                 0.108 
               
               
                   
                 η20° C. (mPa · s) 
                 12.7 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Example 32 
       [0212]    The resulting liquid crystal composition and the physical properties thereof are shown below. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 34 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Mix-A 
                 60.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-O1-Cy-Ph-OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-Ph-OCFFF 
                 8.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph-Ph3-O1-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph-Ph1-Ph3-O1-Ph-OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr-Ph3-O1-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Pr-Ph3-O1-Ph3-F 
                 7.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph1-Np3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 total 
                 100.0 
               
               
                   
                 Tni (° C.) 
                 71.2 
               
               
                   
                 T-n (° C.) 
                 −40.0 
               
               
                   
                 Vth (volt) 
                 1.58 
               
               
                   
                 Δε 
                 7.4 
               
               
                   
                 Δn 
                 0.107 
               
               
                   
                 η20° C. (mPa · s) 
                 13.6 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Example 33 
       [0213]    The resulting liquid crystal composition and the physical properties thereof are shown below. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 35 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Mix-A 
                 55.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Pr-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-Ph-OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-O1-Cy-Np3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph-Ph3-O1-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph1-Ph3-O1-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Pr-Ph3-O1-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 0d1-Cy-Ph3-O1-Ph-OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 total 
                 100.0 
               
               
                   
                 Tni (° C.) 
                 72.5 
               
               
                   
                 T-n (° C.) 
                 −45.0 
               
               
                   
                 Vth (volt) 
                 1.42 
               
               
                   
                 Δε 
                 8.6 
               
               
                   
                 Δn 
                 0.107 
               
               
                   
                 η20° C. (mPa · s) 
                 12.1 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Example 34 
       [0214]    The resulting liquid crystal composition and the physical properties thereof are shown below. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 36 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 3-Cy-d-Cy-Cy-1d0 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-d-Cy-Cy-2 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr-Cy-d-Cy-1d0 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr-Cy-d-Cy-2 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 5-Ph-Ph-1 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 0d1-Cy-Cy-3 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 1d1-Cy-Cy-2 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 0d3-Cy-Cy-3 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 1d1-Cy-Cy-3 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-O1-Cy-Ph-OCFFF 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Pr-Ph3-F 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph3-O1-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 total 
                 100.0 
               
               
                   
                 Tni (° C.) 
                 80.7 
               
               
                   
                 T-n (° C.) 
                 −38.0 
               
               
                   
                 Vth (volt) 
                 1.30 
               
               
                   
                 Δε 
                 10.2 
               
               
                   
                 Δn 
                 0.080 
               
               
                   
                 η20° C. (mPa · s) 
                 10.6 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Example 35 
       [0215]    The resulting liquid crystal composition and the physical properties thereof are shown below. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 37 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 3-Cy-d-Cy-Cy-2 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr-Cy-d-Cy-1d0 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 1-Ph-Ph1-Ph-3d0 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 5-Ph-Ph-1 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 0d1-Cy-Cy-3 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 1d1-Cy-Cy-2 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 1d1-Cy-Cy-3 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Cy-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph1-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph-Ph-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph-Ph1-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph-Ph1-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr-Cy-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr-Ph1-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-O1-Cy-Ph-OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph3-O1-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 total 
                 100.0 
               
               
                   
                 Tni (° C.) 
                 84.1 
               
               
                   
                 T-n (° C.) 
                 −38.0 
               
               
                   
                 Vth (volt) 
                 1.33 
               
               
                   
                 Δε 
                 10.5 
               
               
                   
                 Δn 
                 0.111 
               
               
                   
                 η20° C. (mPa · s) 
                 17.6 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Example 36 
       [0216]    The resulting liquid crystal composition and the physical properties thereof are shown below. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 38 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 3-Cy-d-Cy-Cy-1d0 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr-Cy-d-Cy-2 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 5-Ph-Ph-1 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 0d1-Cy-Cy-3 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 1d1-Cy-Cy-2 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 0d3-Cy-Cy-3 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 1d1-Cy-Cy-3 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Cy-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr-Cy-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-O1-Cy-Ph-OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Pr-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph3-O1-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 total 
                 100.0 
               
               
                   
                 Tni (° C.) 
                 74.3 
               
               
                   
                 T-n (° C.) 
                 −45.0 
               
               
                   
                 Vth (volt) 
                 1.57 
               
               
                   
                 Δε 
                 7.2 
               
               
                   
                 Δn 
                 0.074 
               
               
                   
                 η20° C. (mPa · s) 
                 10.8 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Example 37 
       [0217]    The resulting liquid crystal composition and the physical properties thereof are shown below. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 39 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 1-Ph-Ph1-Ph-3d0 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 0d1-Cy-Cy-3 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 1d1-Cy-Cy-2 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 0d3-Cy-Cy-3 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 1d1-Cy-Cy-3 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph1-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph-Ph-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph-Ph1-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph-Ph1-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr-Cy-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr-Ph1-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Pr-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph3-O1-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 total 
                 100.0 
               
               
                   
                 Tni (° C.) 
                 74.7 
               
               
                   
                 T-n (° C.) 
                 −44.0 
               
               
                   
                 Vth (volt) 
                 1.09 
               
               
                   
                 Δε 
                 15.0 
               
               
                   
                 Δn 
                 0.108 
               
               
                   
                 η20° C. (mPa · s) 
                 17.5 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Example 38 
       [0218]    The resulting liquid crystal composition and the physical properties thereof are shown below. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 40 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 3-Cy-d-Cy-Cy-1d0 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-d-Cy-Cy-2 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 1-Ph-Ph1-Ph-3d0 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 0d1-Cy-Cy-3 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 1d1-Cy-Cy-2 
                 15.0 
               
               
                   
                 1d1-Cy-Cy-3 
                 15.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph1-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph-Ph-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph-Ph1-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph-Ph1-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr-Ph1-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Pr-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 total 
                 100.0 
               
               
                   
                 Tni (° C.) 
                 84.9 
               
               
                   
                 T-n (° C.) 
                 −44.0 
               
               
                   
                 Vth (volt) 
                 1.20 
               
               
                   
                 Δε 
                 13.6 
               
               
                   
                 Δn 
                 0.110 
               
               
                   
                 η20° C. (mPa · s) 
                 16.6 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Example 39 
       [0219]    The resulting liquid crystal composition and the physical properties thereof are shown below. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 41 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 3-Cy-d-Cy-Cy-1d0 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-d-Cy-Cy-2 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr-Cy-d-Cy-1d0 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 0d1-Cy-Cy-3 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 1d1-Cy-Cy-2 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 0d3-Cy-Cy-3 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 1d1-Cy-Cy-3 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Cy-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph1-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph-Ph-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph-Ph1-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr-Cy-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr-Ph1-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph3-O1-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 total 
                 100.0 
               
               
                   
                 Tni (° C.) 
                 103.3 
               
               
                   
                 T-n (° C.) 
                 −45.0 
               
               
                   
                 Vth (volt) 
                 1.32 
               
               
                   
                 Δε 
                 11.4 
               
               
                   
                 Δn 
                 0.088 
               
               
                   
                 η20° C. (mPa · s) 
                 17.7 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Example 40 
       [0220]    The resulting liquid crystal composition and the physical properties thereof are shown below. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 42 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 3-Cy-d-Cy-Cy-1d0 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 0d1-Cy-Cy-3 
                 20.0 
               
               
                   
                 1d1-Cy-Cy-2 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 0d3-Cy-Cy-3 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 1d1-Cy-Cy-3 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Cy-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph-Ph-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 8.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph-Ph1-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr-Ph1-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 7.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 7.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph3-O1-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 8.0 
               
               
                   
                 total 
                 100.0 
               
               
                   
                 Tni (° C.) 
                 89.2 
               
               
                   
                 T-n (° C.) 
                 −41.0 
               
               
                   
                 Vth (volt) 
                 1.28 
               
               
                   
                 Δε 
                 11.5 
               
               
                   
                 Δn 
                 0.087 
               
               
                   
                 η20° C. (mPa · s) 
                 15.9 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Example 41 
       [0221]    The resulting liquid crystal composition and the physical properties thereof are shown below. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 43 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 3-Cy-d-Cy-Cy-1d0 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr-Cy-d-Cy-2 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 0d1-Cy-Cy-3 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 1d1-Cy-Cy-2 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 0d3-Cy-Cy-3 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 1d1-Cy-Cy-3 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph1-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph-Ph1-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr-Cy-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-O1-Cy-Ph-OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Pr-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 total 
                 100.0 
               
               
                   
                 Tni (° C.) 
                 74.1 
               
               
                   
                 T-n (° C.) 
                 −48.0 
               
               
                   
                 Vth (volt) 
                 1.23 
               
               
                   
                 Δε 
                 11.3 
               
               
                   
                 Δn 
                 0.083 
               
               
                   
                 η20° C. (mPa · s) 
                 13.1 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Example 42 
       [0222]    The resulting liquid crystal composition and the physical properties thereof are shown below. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 44 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 0d1-Cy-Cy-3 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 1d1-Cy-Cy-1d1 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 0d3-Cy-Cy-3d0 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Cy-2 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Cy-O2 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Cy-O2d0 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Cy-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph1-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph-Ph1-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Pr-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph3-O1-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 total 
                 100.0 
               
               
                   
                 Tni (° C.) 
                 72.7 
               
               
                   
                 T-n (° C.) 
                 −40.0 
               
               
                   
                 Vth (volt) 
                 1.13 
               
               
                   
                 Δε 
                 13.3 
               
               
                   
                 Δn 
                 0.083 
               
               
                   
                 η20° C. (mPa · s) 
                 13.0 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Example 43 
       [0223]    The resulting liquid crystal composition and the physical properties thereof are shown below. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 45 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 0d1-Cy-Cy-3 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 1d1-Cy-Cy-1d1 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-d-Cy-3 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-d-Cy-5 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-d-Cy-1d0 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 1d1-Cy-d-Cy-1d0 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Cy-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph1-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph-Ph1-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr-Ph-Ph3-OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr-Cy-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr-Ph1-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-O1-Cy-Ph-OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Pr-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph3-O1-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 total 
                 100.0 
               
               
                   
                 Tni (° C.) 
                 72.2 
               
               
                   
                 T-n (° C.) 
                 −40.0 
               
               
                   
                 Vth (volt) 
                 1.19 
               
               
                   
                 Δε 
                 11.1 
               
               
                   
                 Δn 
                 0.091 
               
               
                   
                 η20° C. (mPa · s) 
                 13.0 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Example 44 
       [0224]    The resulting liquid crystal composition and the physical properties thereof are shown below. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 46 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 0d1-Cy-Cy-3 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 1d1-Cy-Cy-1d1 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 0d3-Cy-Cy-3d0 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Cy-O2 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-d-Cy-3 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-d-Cy-5 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-d-Cy-1d0 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 1d1-Cy-d-Cy-1d0 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-OCFFF 
                 7.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Pr-Ph3-F 
                 8.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-Ph3-F 
                 8.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 7.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 7.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph3-O1-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 8.0 
               
               
                   
                 total 
                 100.0 
               
               
                   
                 Tni (° C.) 
                 72.3 
               
               
                   
                 T-n (° C.) 
                 −38.0 
               
               
                   
                 Vth (volt) 
                 1.13 
               
               
                   
                 Δε 
                 12.5 
               
               
                   
                 Δn 
                 0.079 
               
               
                   
                 η20° C. (mPa · s) 
                 10.3 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Example 45 
       [0225]    The resulting liquid crystal composition and the physical properties thereof are shown below. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 47 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 0d1-Cy-Cy-3 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 1d1-Cy-Cy-1d1 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-d-Cy-5 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-d-Cy-1d0 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 1d1-Cy-d-Cy-1d0 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Cy-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph1-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph-Ph1-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr-Ph-Ph3-OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr-Cy-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr-Ph1-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph3-O1-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 total 
                 100.0 
               
               
                   
                 Tni (° C.) 
                 80.1 
               
               
                   
                 T-n (° C.) 
                 −44.0 
               
               
                   
                 Vth (volt) 
                 1.16 
               
               
                   
                 Δε 
                 12.4 
               
               
                   
                 Δn 
                 0.088 
               
               
                   
                 η20° C. (mPa · s) 
                 15.5 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Example 46 
       [0226]    The resulting liquid crystal composition and the physical properties thereof are shown below. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 48 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 0d1-Cy-Cy-3 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 1d1-Cy-Cy-1d1 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Cy-2 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Cy-O2 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-d-Cy-3 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-d-Cy-5 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 1d1-Cy-d-Cy-1d0 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph1-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph-Ph1-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr-Ph-Ph3-OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr-Cy-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Pr-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 7.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph3-O1-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 8.0 
               
               
                   
                 total 
                 100.0 
               
               
                   
                 Tni (° C.) 
                 74.6 
               
               
                   
                 T-n (° C.) 
                 −41.0 
               
               
                   
                 Vth (volt) 
                 1.13 
               
               
                   
                 Δε 
                 13.8 
               
               
                   
                 Δn 
                 0.084 
               
               
                   
                 η20° C. (mPa · s) 
                 14.6 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Example 47 
       [0227]    The resulting liquid crystal composition and the physical properties thereof are shown below. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 49 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 0d1-Cy-Cy-3 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 1d1-Cy-Cy-3 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-d-Cy-3 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr-Cy-1d0 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr-d-Cy-3 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr-d-Cy-1d0 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph-O2 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 0d1-Cy-Cy-Ph-1 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Cy-Ph-1 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-O1-Cy-Ph-OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Pr-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-Ph3-F 
                 7.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 7.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 8.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph3-O1-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 8.0 
               
               
                   
                 total 
                 100.0 
               
               
                   
                 Tni (° C.) 
                 73.3 
               
               
                   
                 T-n (° C.) 
                 −39.0 
               
               
                   
                 Vth (volt) 
                 1.16 
               
               
                   
                 Δε 
                 12.0 
               
               
                   
                 Δn 
                 0.081 
               
               
                   
                 η20° C. (mPa · s) 
                 11.8 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Example 48 
       [0228]    The resulting liquid crystal composition and the physical properties thereof are shown below. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 50 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 0d1-Cy-Cy-3 
                 100 
               
               
                   
                 1d1-Cy-Cy-3 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-d-Cy-3 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr-Cy-1d0 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr-d-Cy-3 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr-d-Cy-1d0 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph-O2 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 0d1-Cy-Ph-O4 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Cy-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph1-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph-Ph1-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr-Ph-Ph3-OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr-Cy-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr-Ph1-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 7.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph3-O1-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 8.0 
               
               
                   
                 total 
                 100.0 
               
               
                   
                 Tni (° C.) 
                 71.9 
               
               
                   
                 T-n (° C.) 
                 −41.0 
               
               
                   
                 Vth (volt) 
                 1.20 
               
               
                   
                 Δε 
                 11.2 
               
               
                   
                 Δn 
                 0.083 
               
               
                   
                 η20° C. (mPa · s) 
                 15.9 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Example 49 
       [0229]    The resulting liquid crystal composition and the physical properties thereof are shown below. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 51 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 0d1-Cy-Cy-3 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 1d1-Cy-Cy-3 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-d-Cy-3 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr-d-Cy-3 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 0d1-Cy-Cy-Ph-1 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Cy-Ph-1 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Cy-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr-Ph-Ph3-OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr-Cy-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Pr-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph3-O1-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 total 
                 100.0 
               
               
                   
                 Tni (° C.) 
                 76.3 
               
               
                   
                 T-n (° C.) 
                 −44.0 
               
               
                   
                 Vth (volt) 
                 1.25 
               
               
                   
                 Δε 
                 9.6 
               
               
                   
                 Δn 
                 0.078 
               
               
                   
                 η20° C. (mPa · s) 
                 12.3 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Example 50 
       [0230]    The resulting liquid crystal composition and the physical properties thereof are shown below. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 52 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 1d1-Cy-Cy-3 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-d-Cy-3 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr-d-Cy-3 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph-O2 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Cy-Ph-1 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Cy-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph1-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph-Ph1-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr-Ph-Ph3-OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr-Cy-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Pr-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 total 
                 100.0 
               
               
                   
                 Tni (° C.) 
                 74.0 
               
               
                   
                 T-n (° C.) 
                 −44.0 
               
               
                   
                 Vth (volt) 
                 1.18 
               
               
                   
                 Δε 
                 14.0 
               
               
                   
                 Δn 
                 0.093 
               
               
                   
                 η20° C. (mPa · s) 
                 15.7 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Example 51 
       [0231]    The resulting liquid crystal composition and the physical properties thereof are shown below. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 53 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 0d1-Cy-Cy-3 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 1d1-Cy-Cy-2 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 0d3-Cy-Cy-3 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 1d1-Cy-Cy-3 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-d-Cy-3 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-d-Cy-1d1 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr-Cy-2 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr-Cy-1d0 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr-d-Cy-3d0 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph-Ph1-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr-Ph1-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph3-O1-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 total 
                 100.0 
               
               
                   
                 Tni (° C.) 
                 71.1 
               
               
                   
                 T-n (° C.) 
                 −39.0 
               
               
                   
                 Vth (volt) 
                 1.61 
               
               
                   
                 Δε 
                 6.9 
               
               
                   
                 Δn 
                 0.070 
               
               
                   
                 η20° C. (mPa · s) 
                 9.7 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Example 52 
       [0232]    The resulting liquid crystal composition and the physical properties thereof are shown below. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 54 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 0d1-Cy-Cy-3 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 1d1-Cy-Cy-2 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 0d3-Cy-Cy-3 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 1d1-Cy-Cy-3 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-d-Cy-1d1 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr-d-Cy-3d0 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Cy-Ph-1 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Pr-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph3-O1-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 total 
                 100.0 
               
               
                   
                 Tni (° C.) 
                 72.4 
               
               
                   
                 T-n (° C.) 
                 −40.0 
               
               
                   
                 Vth (volt) 
                 1.38 
               
               
                   
                 Δε 
                 9.1 
               
               
                   
                 Δn 
                 0.074 
               
               
                   
                 η20° C. (mPa · s) 
                 9.4 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Example 53 
       [0233]    The resulting liquid crystal composition and the physical properties thereof are shown below. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 55 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 0d1-Cy-Cy-3 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 0d3-Cy-Cy-3 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 1d1-Cy-Cy-3 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr-Cy-2 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Cy-Ph-1 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 1-Ph-Ph1-Ph-3d0 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph1-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph-Ph1-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr-Ph-Ph3-OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr-Ph1-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-O1-Cy-Ph-OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph3-O1-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 total 
                 100.0 
               
               
                   
                 Tni (° C.) 
                 76.3 
               
               
                   
                 T-n (° C.) 
                 −45.0 
               
               
                   
                 Vth (volt) 
                 1.11 
               
               
                   
                 Δε 
                 13.5 
               
               
                   
                 Δn 
                 0.096 
               
               
                   
                 η20° C. (mPa · s) 
                 16.4 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Example 54 
       [0234]    The resulting liquid crystal composition and the physical properties thereof are shown below. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 56 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 1d1-Cy-Cy-2 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-d-Cy-3 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-d-Cy-1d1 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr-Cy-1d0 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr-d-Cy-3d0 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Cy-Ph-1 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 1-Ph-Ph1-Ph-3d0 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Cy-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr-Cy-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Pr-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph3-O1-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 total 
                 100.0 
               
               
                   
                 Tni (° C.) 
                 77.5 
               
               
                   
                 T-n (° C.) 
                 −45.0 
               
               
                   
                 Vth (volt) 
                 1.58 
               
               
                   
                 Δε 
                 7.1 
               
               
                   
                 Δn 
                 0.083 
               
               
                   
                 η20° C. (mPa · s) 
                 10.6 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Example 55 
       [0235]    The resulting liquid crystal composition and the physical properties thereof are shown below. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 57 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 0d3-Cy-Cy-3 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 1d1-Cy-Cy-3 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-d-Cy-1d1 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr-d-Cy-3d0 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 1-Ph-Ph1-Ph-3d0 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Cy-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph1-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr-Ph-Ph3-OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr-Cy-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr-Ph1-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-O1-Cy-Ph-OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Pr-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 total 
                 100.0 
               
               
                   
                 Tni (° C.) 
                 71.2 
               
               
                   
                 T-n (° C.) 
                 −44.0 
               
               
                   
                 Vth (volt) 
                 1.28 
               
               
                   
                 Δε 
                 11.5 
               
               
                   
                 Δn 
                 0.098 
               
               
                   
                 η20° C. (mPa · s) 
                 13.4 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Example 56 
       [0236]    The resulting liquid crystal composition and the physical properties thereof are shown below. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 58 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 0d1-Cy-Cy-3 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 1d1-Cy-Cy-2 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 0d3-Cy-Cy-3 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 1d1-Cy-Cy-3 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Cy-Ph-1 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Cy-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph1-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph-Ph1-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr-Ph-Ph3-OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr-Cy-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr-Ph1-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-O1-Cy-Ph-OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Pr-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph3-O1-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 total 
                 100.0 
               
               
                   
                 Tni (° C.) 
                 74.8 
               
               
                   
                 T-n (° C.) 
                 −48.0 
               
               
                   
                 Vth (volt) 
                 1.01 
               
               
                   
                 Δε 
                 16.9 
               
               
                   
                 Δn 
                 0.097 
               
               
                   
                 η20° C. (mPa · s) 
                 18.1 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Example 57 
       [0237]    The resulting liquid crystal composition and the physical properties thereof are shown below. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 59 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 0d1-Cy-Cy-3 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 1d1-Cy-Cy-2 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-d-Cy-3 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-d-Cy-1d1 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph1-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 7.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph-Ph1-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 8.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr-Ph-Ph3-OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr-Ph1-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 7.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Pr-Ph3-F 
                 2.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-Ph3-F 
                 8.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 8.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 8.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph3-O1-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 2.0 
               
               
                   
                 total 
                 100.0 
               
               
                   
                 Tni (° C.) 
                 72.8 
               
               
                   
                 T-n (° C.) 
                 −41.0 
               
               
                   
                 Vth (volt) 
                 0.97 
               
               
                   
                 Δε 
                 18.5 
               
               
                   
                 Δn 
                 0.098 
               
               
                   
                 η20° C. (mPa · s) 
                 18.4 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Example 58 
       [0238]    The resulting liquid crystal composition and the physical properties thereof are shown below. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 60 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 0d1-Cy-Cy-3 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 1d1-Cy-Cy-2 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 1d1-Cy-Cy-3 
                 12.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-d-Cy-3 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-d-Cy-1d1 
                 13.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Cy-Ph-1 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Cy-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph-Ph1-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr-Cy-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 total 
                 100.0 
               
               
                   
                 Tni (° C.) 
                 73.0 
               
               
                   
                 T-n (° C.) 
                 −48.0 
               
               
                   
                 Vth (volt) 
                 1.24 
               
               
                   
                 ΔE 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 Δn 
                 0.080 
               
               
                   
                 η20° C. (mPa · s) 
                 11.6 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Example 59 
       [0239]    The resulting liquid crystal composition and the physical properties thereof are shown below. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 61 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Mix-B 
                 35.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-CFFO-Pr-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-CFFO-Oc-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-O1-Cy-Ph3-Ph3-OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-O1-Cy-Ph3-Ph3-OCH═CFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-O1-Oc-Ph-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph3-CFFO-Pr-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr-Ph3-O1-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-O1-Cy-Ph3-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-O1-Pr-Ph3-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-O1-Pr-Ph3-Ph-OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 total 
                 100.0 
               
               
                   
                 Tni (° C.) 
                 75.9 
               
               
                   
                 T-n (° C.) 
                 −46.0 
               
               
                   
                 Vth (volt) 
                 0.98 
               
               
                   
                 Δε 
                 18.9 
               
               
                   
                 Δn 
                 0.086 
               
               
                   
                 η20° C. (mPa · s) 
                 19.5 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Example 60 
       [0240]    The resulting liquid crystal composition and the physical properties thereof are shown below. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 62 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Mix-A 
                 60.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-O1-Cy-Ph3-Ph3-OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-O1-Cy-Ph3-Ph3-OCH═CFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-O1-Oc-Ph-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-Ph3-OCH═FF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-O1-Cy-Ph3-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-O1-Cy-Ph3-Ph-OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-Ph-OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph1-Ph3-O1-Ph3-OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 total 
                 100.0 
               
               
                   
                 Tni (° C.) 
                 95.9 
               
               
                   
                 T-n (° C.) 
                 −40.0 
               
               
                   
                 Vth (volt) 
                 1.30 
               
               
                   
                 Δε 
                 12.7 
               
               
                   
                 Δn 
                 0.115 
               
               
                   
                 η20° C. (mPa · s) 
                 18.9 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Example 61 
       [0241]    The resulting liquid crystal composition and the physical properties thereof are shown below. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 63 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Mix-A 
                 60.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-O1-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-O1-Cy-Ph3-Ph3-OCH═CFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-O1-Oc-Ph-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-O1-Cy-Ph3-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-O1-Pr-Ph3-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-O1-Pr-Ph3-Ph-OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph1-Ph3-O1-Ph3-OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 total 
                 100.0 
               
               
                   
                 Tni (° C.) 
                 80.7 
               
               
                   
                 T-n (° C.) 
                 −43.0 
               
               
                   
                 Vth (volt) 
                 1.26 
               
               
                   
                 Δε 
                 12.6 
               
               
                   
                 Δn 
                 0.109 
               
               
                   
                 η20° C. (mPa · s) 
                 17.7 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Example 62 
       [0242]    The resulting liquid crystal composition and the physical properties thereof are shown below. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 64 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Mix-A 
                 50.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-O1-Cy-Ph-OCFFF 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-O1-Oc-Ph1-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Pr-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-Ph3-OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr-Ph3-O1-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-O1-Cy-Np3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 total 
                 100.0 
               
               
                   
                 Tni (° C.) 
                 75.2 
               
               
                   
                 T-n (° C.) 
                 −42.0 
               
               
                   
                 Vth (volt) 
                 1.15 
               
               
                   
                 Δε 
                 13.6 
               
               
                   
                 Δn 
                 0.105 
               
               
                   
                 η20° C. (mPa · s) 
                 15.5 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Example 63 
       [0243]    The resulting liquid crystal composition and the physical properties thereof are shown below. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 65 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Mix-A 
                 45.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph-Ph1-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr-Ph1-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-O1-Oc-Ph3-Ph3-F 
                 7.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-Ph3-F 
                 8.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Pr-Ph3-OFFO-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-Ph3-OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Pr-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 total 
                 100.0 
               
               
                   
                 Tni (° C.) 
                 81.5 
               
               
                   
                 T-n (° C.) 
                 −41.0 
               
               
                   
                 Vth (volt) 
                 1.04 
               
               
                   
                 Δε 
                 17.6 
               
               
                   
                 Δn 
                 0.114 
               
               
                   
                 η20° C. (mPa · s) 
                 18.4 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Example 64 
       [0244]    The resulting liquid crystal composition and the physical properties thereof are shown below. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 66 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Mix-A 
                 60.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-O1-Cy-Ph3-Ph3-OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph1-O1-Cy-Ph3-Ph3-OCH═CFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-CFFO-Oc-Ph-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-Ph3-OCH═FF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-O1-Cy-Ph3-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-O1-Cy-Ph3-Ph-OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-Ph-OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph1-Ph3-O1-Ph3-OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 total 
                 100.0 
               
               
                   
                 Tni (° C.) 
                 95.9 
               
               
                   
                 T-n (° C.) 
                 −40.0 
               
               
                   
                 Vth (volt) 
                 1.30 
               
               
                   
                 Δε 
                 12.7 
               
               
                   
                 Δn 
                 0.115 
               
               
                   
                 η20° C. (mPa · s) 
                 18.9 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Example 65 
       [0245]    The resulting liquid crystal composition and the physical properties thereof are shown below. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 67 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Mix-A 
                 60.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-O1-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-O1-Cy-Ph3-Ph3-OCH═CFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-CFFO-Oc-Ph1-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-CFFO-Ph3-OCFF-Cy-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-O1-Cy-Ph3-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-O1-Pr-Ph3-Ph3-F 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3-O1-Pr-Ph3-Ph-OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph1-Ph3-O1-Ph3-OCFFF 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 total 
                 100.0 
               
               
                   
                 Tni (° C.) 
                 80.7 
               
               
                   
                 T-n (° C.) 
                 −43.0 
               
               
                   
                 Vth (volt) 
                 1.26 
               
               
                   
                 Δε 
                 12.6 
               
               
                   
                 Δn 
                 0.109 
               
               
                   
                 η20° C. (mPa · s) 
                 17.7 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Example 66 
       [0246]    The physical property γ 1  of the liquid crystal compositions according to the present invention at 20° C. is shown below. These results show that the γ 1  of the liquid crystal compositions according to the present invention was relative low for the magnitude of the dielectric anisotropy (Δ∈), demonstrating the superiority of the combinations according to the present invention. 
         [0247]    γ 1  of Example 9: 46 mPa·s 
         [0248]    γ 1  of Example 11: 53 mPa·s 
         [0249]    γ 1  of Example 20: 87 mPa·s 
         [0250]    γ 1  of Example 28: 81 mPa·s 
         [0251]    γ 1  of Example 34: 50 mPa·s 
         [0252]    γ 1  of Example 44: 47 mPa·s 
         [0253]    γ 1  of Example 47: 58 mPa·s 
         [0254]    γ 1  of Example 56: 84 mPa·s 
       Examples 67 and 68 
       [0255]    Empty IPS cells were fabricated using a first substrate having a pair of transparent electrodes forming a comb-shaped electrode configuration and a second substrate having no electrode configuration. Vertical alignment films were formed on both substrates, and the gap distance therebetween was 4.0 microns. Liquid crystal display devices were fabricated by injecting the liquid crystal compositions of Examples 46 and 50 into the empty cells and were tested for their electro-optical characteristics. 
         [0256]    The polymerizable compound represented by formula (PC-1)-3-1 was added to the liquid crystal compositions of the same examples and was homogeneously dissolved to obtain polymerizable liquid crystal compositions. 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0257]    The resulting polymerizable liquid crystal compositions were injected into empty IPS cells fabricated as described above. The resulting liquid crystal cells were irradiated with UV radiation from a high-pressure mercury lamp through a filter capable of blocking UV radiation at 300 nm or less while applying a rectangular wave of 1.8 V at a frequency of 1 KHz. The polymerizable compound in the polymerizable liquid crystal compositions was polymerized by performing irradiation for 600 seconds while adjusting the irradiation intensity at the cell surfaces to 20 mW/cm 2  to obtain vertical-alignment liquid crystal display devices. These display devices were tested for their electro-optical characteristics. The results are shown in the following table. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 68 
               
             
             
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Ex-46 
                   
                 Ex-50 
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 LC 
                 — 
                 0.5% 
                 — 
                 1.0% 
               
               
                   
                 monomer 
                 IPS 
                 PSA-IPS 
                 IPS 
                 PSA-IPS 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Vth 
                 1.20 
                 1.22 
                 1.22 
                 1.25 
               
               
                   
                 τ on 
                 6.5 
                 4.8 
                 6.5 
                 4.9 
               
               
                   
                 τ off 
                 15.6 
                 5.2 
                 16.3 
                 5.4 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0258]    The resulting liquid crystal display devices were much faster than those fabricated using liquid crystal compositions alone.