PATENT DOCUMENT

Abstract:
The general layout for a front wheel drive, three-wheeled vehicle designed for road use with two steerable driven wheels in the front of the vehicle, and the engine located behind the front of the passenger seating. The vehicle layout is designed for optimal stability and traction by the location of the passenger seating, engine or engines, steering and driven wheels.

Full Description:
BACKGROUND 
     Field of the Invention 
     The present invention pertains to motor vehicles. More specifically, the present invention pertains to those having only three wheels. 
     Description of the Related Art 
     Typical road use, highway speed, three wheeled vehicles consist of the following layout types:
         Type-1—Two wheels in the rear of the vehicle with the rear wheel driven.   Type 2—Two wheels in the front of the vehicle with the rear wheel driven. Variations of this are:
           (A) Straddle type seating where the body or engine is straddled by the passenger, whether the engine is directly underneath, forward, or rearward of the driver.   (B) Traditional seating with engine in front of the passenger seat.   (C) Traditional seating with engine behind the passenger seat.   
           Type 3—Two wheels in the front of the vehicle with the front wheels driven. Variations of this are:
           (A) Straddle type seating where the body or engine is straddled by the passenger, whether the engine is directly underneath, forward, or rearward of the driver.   (B) Traditional seating with the engine in front of the passenger seat.   (C) Traditional seating with engine behind the front of passenger seat.
               (1) Rear wheel steering.   (2) Front wheel steering. This vehicle type is the present invention.   
               
               

     Three wheeled vehicles with two rear wheels, Type (1), suffer from detrimental stability problems when turning, and even more serious stability issues when braking while turning. This is a critical need, as maximum stability is required in emergency situations. It is very common for vehicles of this type to ‘tip over’ during more extreme maneuvers. 
     Three wheeled vehicles with a single rear wheel which is also the driven wheel, Type (2), have traction problems due to the power being driven through a single wheel. Loss of traction causes the driver to quickly lose control of the vehicle since there is no directional control. This can be especially dangerous when the vehicle is in a turn and the rear wheel loses traction. The loss of traction is compounded by the combination of lateral forces on the rear wheel from the turn, the forward forces from acceleration, and changes in contact pressure due to uneven road surfaces. 
     Three wheeled vehicles with two front driven wheels and the engine forward of the passenger seat, Type (3B), suffer from a broad variation in center of gravity as a result of varied passenger loading. The seated position requires legroom for the passenger, and pushes the engine farther away from the center of gravity of the driver. Not only does this impact vehicle dynamics while in motion, but it also brings about the larger concern of varying passenger loads based on the size of person(s), (especially if there are two seats), which changes the front to rear center of gravity for the vehicle as a whole. The inconsistent passenger load causes large variations of weight on the single rear wheel which dramatically changes the vehicle&#39;s dynamics, resulting in an inconsistent driving experience. This is of most concern during hard cornering, or situations involving wet or loose gravel roads where the traction of the rear wheel is reduced causing the vehicle to react differently due to the change in loading. Even the most experienced drivers may be challenged by the radical change in vehicle dynamics 
     Vehicles with straddle type seating, Type (2A) and (3B) provide certain advantages, however they do not provide the comfort and safety of traditional seating. 
     Each of the layout types defined above could incorporate front wheel or rear wheel steering as further layout sub-types, as depicted under Type (3C). Vehicles with primary steering provided through the rear wheels are generally less stable at higher speeds, causing additional stability concerns with a three wheeled vehicle. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     In contrast to the layouts described above, the present invention defines a layout which is a unique variation of Type (3), with the engine(s) placed behind passenger seat(s) while still driving the front wheels. The wheels are arranged with two in the front of the vehicle and one in the rear. The front wheels are the driven wheels as well as the primary steering wheels. One or more passenger seats can be located forward of the engine or engines. 
     It is an object of the present invention to provide a three-wheeled vehicle having a layout where weighting and wheel loading provides a stable platform for road use at highway speeds. The present invention provides the following advantages over previous layouts:
         Since the passenger and the engine are significant weight considerations, locating these close to each other provides the optimal weighting for a three wheeled vehicle.   Variation of weight due to passenger loading is less of an impact to weight distribution and vehicle dynamics   Variability of weight due to passenger loading being closer to front wheels.   Since two wheels are driven, vehicle can provide faster acceleration without loss of traction.   The rear wheel must support braking and lateral loads only, making it less likely to lose traction.   If the front wheels lose partial traction, vehicle will still retain a magnitude of control.       

    
    
     
       DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWING 
       Examples of common existing three wheeled vehicle Types: 
       Drawing (1): 
         FIG. 1 —Type 2B—Plan View 
         FIG. 2 —Type 3B—Plan View 
         FIG. 3 —Type 2C—Plan View 
       Present Invention: 
       Drawing (2): 
       Embodiment: Dual Passenger, Side by Seating, Single Engine 
         FIG. 4A —Embodiment—Side View 
         FIG. 4B —Embodiment—Plan View 
         FIG. 4C —Embodiment—Perspective View 
       Drawing (3): 
       Other Example Embodiments 
         FIG. 5 —Plan View—dual passenger, serial seating, dual engine 
         FIG. 6 —Plan View—single passenger seating, single engine 
       Example Drivetrain Embodiments 
       Drawing (4): 
         FIG. 7 —Plan View—central drive shaft, single engine 
         FIG. 8 —Plan View—parallel driveshaft with right angle gears, single engine 
       Drawing (5): 
         FIG. 9 —Plan View—parallel driveshaft with chain or belt drive, single engine 
         FIG. 10 —Plan View—drive shaft or direct drive, dual engines 
     
    
    
     For Embodiments, Items as follows: 
     All Embodiments 
     
         
         
           
             (A) Front Wheels—Driven, Steering 
             (B) Passenger Seat(s) 
             (C) Engine 
             (D) Rear Wheel 
           
         
       
    
     Drive Embodiments 
     
         
         
           
             (E 1 ) Drive shaft and differential 
             (E 2 ) Drive shaft and Right Angle gears 
             (E 3 ) Drive shaft and Chain or Belt drive 
             (E 4 ) Drive shaft or Direct drive 
           
         
       
    
     Before any embodiments of the invention are explained in detail, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited in its application to the details of construction and the detailed arrangement of components set forth in the following description or illustrated in the following drawings. The invention is capable of other embodiments not listed herein, and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways. Also, it is to be understood that the phraseology and terminology used herein is for the purpose of description and should not be regarded as limiting. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       FIGS. 1, 2, 3  respectively portray general layouts of existing vehicle Types 2B, 2C, and 3B. These are the most common versions of existing three wheeled vehicles having two wheels in the front. There are numerous existing embodiments of these vehicle types with various seating arrangements, engine types, body types, structural arrangements, and component arrangements. Each of these figures portrays front wheels (item A), a rear wheel (item D) which is located behind the front wheels (item A), one or more engines (item C) with the location depicted in relationship to the front of the passenger seats (item B). Example embodiments of the connections from the engine to the driven wheels are shown as Drive shaft and Chain or Belt drive (item E 3 ), as well as Drive shaft or direct drive (item E 4 ). 
     As with the numerous embodiments of existing three wheeled vehicles, the present invention also has numerous possible embodiments.  FIGS. 4A, 4B, 4C, 5, 6  depict example embodiments of the present invention. 
     The first example embodiment of the present invention is shown in  FIG. 4A , showing dual passenger side by side seating and a single engine. The embodiment portrays front wheels (item A) which provide primary steering for the vehicle. A rear wheel (item D) is located behind the front wheels (item A). The front of the engine (item C) is located behind the front of the passenger seats (item B). The engine (item C) drives the front wheels (item A). The same embodiment is shown from a plan view in  FIG. 4B , and from perspective view in  FIG. 4C . 
     Another example embodiment is shown on  FIG. 5  showing dual passenger serial seating and dual engines. The embodiment portrays front wheels (item A) which provide primary steering for the vehicle. A rear wheel (item D) is located behind the front wheels (item A). The front of the forward most engine (item C) is located behind the front of the forward most passenger seat (item B). The engine (item C) drives the front wheels (item A). 
     Another example embodiment is shown on  FIG. 6  showing single passenger seating with a single engine. The embodiment portrays front wheels (item A) which provide primary steering for the vehicle. A rear wheel (item D) is located behind the front wheels (item A). The front of the forward most engine (item C) is located behind the front of the forward most passenger seat (item B). The engine (item C) drives the front wheels (item A). 
     The present invention may utilize a variety of engine to driven wheel connection types and is not limited by possible types. Example connection types may include chain, belt, hydraulic, shaft, or direct. Example engine to driven wheel embodiments ( FIGS. 7, 8, 9, 10 ) are provided to represent some of the many possibilities and show that the present invention is not limited by drive train mechanisms:
         Central driveshaft (E 1 ), single engine embodiment ( FIG. 7 ).   Parallel driveshaft with right angle gears (E 2 ), single engine embodiment ( FIG. 8 ).   Parallel driveshaft with chain or belt drive (E 3 ), single engine embodiment ( FIG. 9 ).   Driveshaft or Direct drive (E 4 ), dual engines ( FIG. 10 ).       

     The present invention is not limited by engine type or number of engines. Gasoline, Hydrogen, Steam, Electric and other engine type embodiments are not limiting factors of the present invention. 
     If seating has adjustable seating, references to ‘front of seat’ indicate the forward most position of the seat. If multiple seats are used, the ‘front of seat’ refers to the seat in the forward most position in the vehicle. 
     References to ‘front of engine’ refer to the forward most portion of the engine in a vertical plane. 
     The present invention may have numerous embodiments for actual steering of the front wheels. The present invention is limited to vehicles with primary steering through the use of the front wheels. Advanced embodiments may include some incremental steering through the use of the rear wheel such a flexing, incremental movement or rotating for use in parking or slow speed maneuvering. Vehicle with primary steering accomplished through the rear wheel at highway speeds are not within the scope of the present invention. 
     The present invention is limited to standard sit-in or sit-on type seats (Item B), which is also referred to as ‘traditional’ seating. The present invention does not extend to vehicles with straddle seating, in which the passenger has one leg or foot on either side of the engine or primary body of the vehicle, regardless of whether the passenger is in a forward leaning, vertical, rearward leaning, reclined, or horizontal position. Straddle type seating may have the engine directly underneath, forward, or rearward of the driver. 
     In addition to items noted above, the present invention is not limited by:
         frame or body structure type or material.   distances between items.   classification of vehicle such as motorcycle or car.   construction details   suspension types and variations.   body types.   other vehicle components.       

     While this invention has been described with several embodiments, the present invention may be further modified within the spirit and scope of this disclosure. This application is therefore intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention using its general principles. Further, this application is intended to cover such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice in the art to which this invention pertains 
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                 Two front wheels 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   
                 Years 
                 Comments Relative to 
               
               
                 Name 
                 Country 
                 manufactured 
                 Present Disclosure 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Léon BolléeVoiturette 
                 France 
                 1895-? 
                 Rear wheel drive 
               
               
                 Advance 6 hp air-cooled Tri Car and 
                 England 
                 1902-12 
                 Rear wheel drive 
               
               
                 9 hp water-cooled Tri Car [7]   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Egg 
                 Switzerland 
                 1896-1899 
                 Rear wheel drive 
               
               
                 HumberTricar [8][9]   
                 England 
                 1904 
                 Rear wheel drive 
               
               
                 Riley Olympia Tricar [10]   
                 England 
                 1904 
                 Rear wheel drive 
               
               
                 Lagonda Tricar [12]   
                 England 
                 1904-07 
                 Rear wheel drive 
               
               
                 Anglian 
                 England 
                 1905-07 
                 Rear wheel drive 
               
               
                 Armadale 
                 England 
                 1906-07 
                 Rear wheel drive 
               
               
                 Morgan V-Twin and F-Series 
                 England 
                 1911-39, 
                 Front Engine 
               
               
                   
                   
                 1932-52 
                   
               
               
                 American Tri-Car 
                 United States 
                 1912 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 Birmingham Small Arms Company 
                 England 
                 1929-36 
                 Front Engine 
               
               
                 Three Wheeler 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Zaschka 
                 Germany 
                 1929 
                 Rear Wheel drive 
               
               
                 Dymaxion car 
                 United States 
                 1933 
                 Rear wheel steering 
               
               
                 Mathis VEL 333 
                 France 
                 1946 
                 Front engine 
               
               
                 Velorex Oskar and other models 
                 Czechoslovakia 
                 1951-71 
                 Rear wheel drive 
               
               
                 Isetta 
                 UK 
                 1957-62 
                 Rear wheel drive 
               
               
                 Scootacar 
                 UK 
                 1957-64 
                 Rear wheel drive 
               
               
                 Messerschmitt KR175 
                 Germany 
                 1953-64 
                 Rear wheel drive 
               
               
                 Messerschmitt KR200 
                 Germany 
                 1953-64 
                 Rear wheel drive 
               
               
                 Peel P50 
                 Isle of Man 
                 1963-64 
                 Rear wheel drive 
               
               
                 HM Vehicles Free-way 
                 United States 
                 1979-82 
                 Rear wheel drive 
               
               
                 Campagna T-Rex 
                 Canada 
                 1996-present 
                 Rear wheel drive 
               
               
                 Malone Car Company F1000|Skunk 
                 United Kingdom 
                 1999-present 
                 Front Engine 
               
               
                 SS|TAZR 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Cree SAM 
                 Switzerland 
                 2001 
                 Rear wheel drive 
               
               
                 Scoot Coupe 
                 United States 
                 2004-present 
                 Rear wheel drive 
               
               
                 Myers Motors NmG (“No more Gas”) 
                 United States 
                 2006-present 
                 Rear wheel drive 
               
               
                 Can-Am Spyder Roadster 
                 Canada 
                 2007-present 
                 Rear wheel drive 
               
               
                 Brudeli 645L 
                 Norway 
                 2008- 
                 Rear wheel drive 
               
               
                 Moonbeam 
                 United States 
                 2008-present 
                 Rear wheel drive 
               
               
                 Triac 
                 United States 
                 2009-2011 
                 Front Engine 
               
               
                 XR-3 Hybrid 
                 United States 
                 Plans-2008, 
                 Two engines: 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Kit-2009 
                 Front Engine (gas),  
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Front Wheel drive; and 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Rear engine (electric),  
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 rear wheel drive. 
               
               
                 Aptera 2e 
                 United States 
                   
                 Electric Front Engine 
               
               
                 Triton Trikes 
                 United States 
                 2000-current 
                 Front Engine 
               
               
                 Elio Motors 
                 Shreveport, LA, 
                 Begins 1H 
                 Front Engine 
               
               
                   
                 United States 
                 2016 [16]   
                   
               
               
                 Go3Wheeler 
                 United States 
                 2014 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
         
         Non Patent Reference #2 
         Author: Elvis Payne, Three Wheelers.Com-query: Manufactures with 2 Wheels in Front 
         Web site link; http://www.3wheelers.com/; Database Query: Wheel Configuration=‘2F1R’ or ‘Both’ 
         Date: Jun. 21, 2015 
       
    
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
               
                 Query Results: 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Comments related to 
               
               
                 Info 
                 Manufacturer 
                             From 
                 To 
                 Country 
                 present disclosure 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Copeland 
                 1884 
                 1891 
                 United States 
                 Rear Wheel Steering 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Butler 
                 1890 
                 1890 
                 United Kingdom 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Lambert 
                 1891 
                 1917 
                 United States 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Bernardi 
                 1894 
                 1901 
                 Italy 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Leyland 
                 1895 
                 1895 
                 United Kingdom 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Leon Bollee 
                 1895 
                 1899 
                 France 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Wolseley 
                 1896 
                 1899 
                 United Kingdom 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Humber 
                 1896 
                 1910 
                 United Kingdom 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Riker 
                 1896 
                 1900 
                 United States 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Eagle 
                 1899 
                 1908 
                 United Kingdom 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Jackson 
                 1899 
                 1914 
                 United Kingdom 
                 Front Engine 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Beeston 
                 1899 
                 1905 
                 United Kingdom 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Jackson &amp; 
                 1900 
                 1908 
                 United Kingdom 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                   
                 Kinnings 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Singer 
                 1900 
                 1907 
                 United Kingdom 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Lion 
                 1900 
                 1905 
                 United Kingdom 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Ribble Motors 
                 1900 
                 1908 
                 United Kingdom 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Riley 
                 1900 
                 1907 
                 United Kingdom 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Lagonda 
                 1901 
                 1905 
                 United Kingdom 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Sautel Et 
                 1902 
                 1904 
                 France 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                   
                 Sechaud 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Quadrant 
                 1903 
                 1906 
                 United Kingdom 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Wolf 
                 1903 
                 1906 
                 United Kingdom 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Raleigh 
                 1903 
                 1935 
                 United Kingdom 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Garrard 
                 1904 
                 1904 
                 United Kingdom 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Repton 
                 1904 
                 1904 
                 United Kingdom 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 NSU 
                 1905 
                 1910 
                 Germany 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Lurquin-Coudert  
                 1905 
                 1914 
                 France 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Kerry 
                 1905 
                 1907 
                 United Kingdom 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Rexette 
                 1905 
                 1905 
                 United Kingdom 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Sanchis 
                 1906 
                 1912 
                 France 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Contral 
                 1906 
                 1908 
                 France 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Advance 
                 1906 
                 1908 
                 United Kingdom 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Certain 
                 1907 
                 1907 
                 France 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 PMC (1) 
                 1910 
                 1910 
                 United Kingdom 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Kelsey 
                 1910 
                 1912 
                 United Kingdom 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Morgan 
                 1910 
                 1951 
                 United Kingdom 
                 Front Engine 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Motorette (2) 
                 1910 
                 1912 
                 United States 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                   
                 Kelsey 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Crouch 
                 1912 
                 1912 
                 United Kingdom 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Girling 
                 1912 
                 1912 
                 United Kingdom 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Autotrix 
                 1913 
                 1913 
                 United Kingdom 
                 Front Engine 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Torpelle 
                 1914 
                 1914 
                 France 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Thurlow 
                 1914 
                 1921 
                 United Kingdom 
                 Front Engine 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Leyat 
                 1914 
                 1914 
                 France 
                 No Driven Wheels 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 LSD 
                 1919 
                 1924 
                 United Kingdom 
                 Front Engine 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Trident 
                 1919 
                 1920 
                 France 
                 Single Front Wheel 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 MB 
                 1919 
                 1921 
                 United Kingdom 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                   
                 (Merrall-Brown) 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Castle Three 
                 1919 
                 1922 
                 United Kingdom 
                 Front Engine 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Wooler 
                 1920 
                 1926 
                 United Kingdom 
                 Front Engine 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Eibach 
                 1921 
                 1925 
                 Germany 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Diable 
                 1921 
                 1924 
                 France 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Atomette 
                 1921 
                 1922 
                 United Kingdom 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Monet-Goyon 
                 1921 
                 1926 
                 France 
                 Front Engine 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Xtra 
                 1922 
                 1924 
                 United Kingdom 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Thompson Bros 
                 1922 
                 1922 
                 United Kingdom 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Diablo 
                 1922 
                 1927 
                 Germany 
                 Front Engine 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Sandford 
                 1922 
                 1936 
                 France 
                 Front Engine 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 D&#39;Yrsan 
                 1923 
                 1928 
                 France 
                 Front Engine 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Omega (1) 
                 1925 
                 1927 
                 United Kingdom 
                 Front Engine 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Mops 
                 1925 
                 1925 
                 Germany 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Coventry-Victor  
                 1926 
                 1938 
                 United Kingdom 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 BSA 
                 1929 
                 1936 
                 United Kingdom 
                 Front Engine 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Zaschka 
                 1929 
                 1929 
                 Germany 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Framo-Werke 
                 1932 
                 1937 
                 Germany 
                 Front Engine 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Hercules 
                 1932 
                 1933 
                 Germany 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 JMB 
                 1933 
                 1935 
                 United Kingdom 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Dymaxion 
                 1933 
                 1934 
                 United States 
                 Rear Wheel Steering 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Rollfix 
                 1933 
                 1936 
                 Germany 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Kaiser 
                 1935 
                 1935 
                 Germany 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Airomobile 
                 1937 
                 1938 
                 United States 
                 Front Engine 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Gillet 
                 1937 
                 1937 
                 Belgium 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Tatra 
                 1938 
                 1938 
                 Czech Republic 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Arzens 
                 1942 
                 1942 
                 France 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Bubblepuppy 
                 1944 
                 1947 
                 United States 
                 Front Engine 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Bouffort 
                 1945 
                 1960 
                 France 
                 Front Engine 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Mathis 
                 1945 
                 1948 
                 Germany 
                 Front Engine 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Dot 
                 1947 
                 1956 
                 United Kingdom 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Fend 
                 1948 
                 1953 
                 Germany 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Altona 
                 1948 
                 1948 
                 Belgium 
                 Front Engine 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Kurier 
                 1948 
                 1948 
                 Czech Republic 
                 Front Engine 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Vallée 
                 1949 
                 1954 
                 France 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Krejbich 
                 1949 
                 1949 
                 Czech Republic 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Nitta Sangyo 
                 1950 
                 1950 
                 Japan 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Tripolino 
                 1950 
                 1950 
                 Czech Republic 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Fuldamobil 
                 1950 
                 1961 
                 Germany 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Vincent 
                 1950 
                 1955 
                 United Kingdom 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Brutsch 
                 1951 
                 1957 
                 Germany 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Bonnallack 
                 1951 
                 1952 
                 United Kingdom 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Meyra 
                 1952 
                 1956 
                 Germany 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 EEC 
                 1952 
                 1954 
                 United Kingdom 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Felber 
                 1952 
                 1953 
                 Austria 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Libelle 
                 1952 
                 1954 
                 Austria 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 DS Malterre 
                 1952 
                 1958 
                 France 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Nobel 
                 1952 
                 1961 
                 United Kingdom 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Gaitán 
                 1953 
                 1953 
                 Spain 
                 (various models) 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Two Rear Wheels or 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Issi 
                 1953 
                 1953 
                 Italy 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Cimera 
                 1953 
                 1957 
                 Spain 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Edith 
                 1953 
                 1957 
                 Australia 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Messerschmitt 
                 1953 
                 1962 
                 Germany 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Boli 
                 1953 
                 1957 
                 Spain 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Inter 
                 1953 
                 1956 
                 France 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Isetta 
                 1954 
                 1964 
                 Germany 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Heinkel 
                 1954 
                 1958 
                 Germany 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Vimp 
                 1954 
                 1954 
                 United Kingdom 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 BMW 
                 1954 
                 1964 
                 Germany 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Shelter 
                 1954 
                 1954 
                 Netherlands 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Kroboth 
                 1954 
                 1955 
                 Germany 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Goricke 
                 1954 
                 1959 
                 Germany 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Tri-Car 
                 1955 
                 1955 
                 United States 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 MT 
                 1955 
                 1962 
                 Spain 
                 Two Rear Wheels 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Pinguin 
                 1956 
                 1956 
                 Germany 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Belcar 
                 1956 
                 1956 
                 Switzerland 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Bly 
                 1956 
                 1957 
                 United Kingdom 
                 Front Engine 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Powerdrive 
                 1956 
                 1958 
                 United Kingdom 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Unicar 
                 1956 
                 1968 
                 United Kingdom 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Coronet 
                 1957 
                 1960 
                 United Kingdom 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Henri Baldet 
                 1957 
                 1957 
                 United Kingdom 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Scootacar 
                 1957 
                 1964 
                 United Kingdom 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Fuji Motors Corp 
                 1957 
                 1958 
                 Japan 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Velorex 
                 1958 
                 1971 
                 Czech Republic 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Jones 
                 1958 
                 1958 
                 United Kingdom 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Berkeley 
                 1959 
                 1960 
                 United Kingdom 
                 Front Engine 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Frisky 
                 1959 
                 1964 
                 United Kingdom 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Hamblin 
                 1960 
                 1960 
                 United Kingdom 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Trojan 
                 1962 
                 1965 
                 Germany 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Trivan 
                 1962 
                 1964 
                 United States 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Zaika 
                 1962 
                 1965 
                 Russian Federat 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Ranger 
                 1964 
                 1976 
                 United Kingdom 
                 Front Engine 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Howecette 
                 1968 
                 1968 
                 United Kingdom 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 AF Cars 
                 1969 
                 1980 
                 United Kingdom 
                 Front Engine 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Teihol 
                 1970 
                 1983 
                 France 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Citeadine 
                 1970 
                 1983 
                 France 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Mumford 
                 1971 
                 1986 
                 United Kingdom 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Fiberfab 
                 1971 
                 1975 
                 United States 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 PMC (2) Powers 
                 1974 
                 1974 
                 United States 
                 Rear Wheel Drive or  
               
               
                   
                 Motor Corp 
                   
                   
                   
                 Front Engine  
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 depending on config 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Volkswagen- 
                 1974 
                 1980 
                 United States 
                 Front Engine 
               
               
                   
                 Scooter 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Mosquito 
                 1974 
                 1979 
                 United Kingdom 
                 Front Engine 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Duo Delta 
                 1974 
                 1974 
                 United States 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Dale 
                 1975 
                 1975 
                 United States 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Stimson 
                 1976 
                 1976 
                 United Kingdom 
                 Straddle Seating 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Automirage 
                 1976 
                 1985 
                 Italy 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Turbo Phantom 
                 1978 
                 1982 
                 United States 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 HM Vehicles 
                 1979 
                 1983 
                 United States 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Trihawk 
                 1982 
                 1985 
                 United States 
                 Front Engine 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Litestar 
                 1982 
                 1988 
                 United States 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Feora 
                 1982 
                 1982 
                 United States 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Triad 
                 1982 
                 1985 
                 United Kingdom 
                 Front Engine 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Gamma 
                 1982 
                 1984 
                 United States 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Unisport 
                 1982 
                 1988 
                 United States 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Zoe Motors 
                 1982 
                 1983 
                 United States 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Doran 
                 1983 
                 Present 
                 United States 
                 Front Engine 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 D&amp;A Vehicles 
                 1983 
                 1986 
                 United States 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Dolphin 
                 1983 
                 1986 
                 United States 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Ford 
                 1983 
                 1983 
                 United States 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Fire Aero 
                 1984 
                 1988 
                 United States 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Shrike 
                 1984 
                 1984 
                 United States 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Gamma 
                 1984 
                 1988 
                 United States 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 DRK 
                 1984 
                 1998 
                 United Kingdom 
                 Front Engine 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Replicar 
                 1985 
                 1987 
                 United Kingdom 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Hudson 
                 1985 
                 1998 
                 United Kingdom 
                 Front Engine 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Buckland 
                 1985 
                 1998 
                 United Kingdom 
                 Front Engine 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Pembleton 
                 1986 
                 Present 
                 United Kingdom 
                 Front Engine 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Kudos 
                 1986 
                 1986 
                 United Kingdom 
                 Front Engine 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Trilux 
                 1986 
                 1986 
                 United Kingdom 
                 Front Engine 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Le Patron 
                 1986 
                 Present 
                 Netherlands 
                 Front Engine 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Horlacher 
                 1986 
                 1990 
                 Switzerland 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Saccomando 
                 1986 
                 1992 
                 United Kingdom 
                 Front Engine 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Robert Q Riley 
                 1986 
                 Present 
                 United States 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Falcon 
                 1986 
                 1986 
                 United Kingdom 
                 Front Engine 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Trigger Technics 
                 1987 
                 Present 
                 Netherlands 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                   
                 B.V 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 JZR 
                 1987 
                 Present 
                 United Kingdom 
                 Front Engine 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Badsey 
                 1987 
                 1990 
                 United States 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 SportCycle 
                 1988 
                 Present 
                 United States 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Lomax 
                 1988 
                 Present 
                 United Kingdom 
                 Front Engine 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Tri-Tech 
                 1990 
                 Present 
                 United Kingdom 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                   
                 Autocraft 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Trifid 
                 1990 
                 1991 
                 United Kingdom 
                 Front Engine 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 BRA 
                 1992 
                 2006 
                 United Kingdom 
                 Front Engine 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 JBF Boxer 
                 1992 
                 1992 
                 United Kingdom 
                 Front Engine 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Grinnall 
                 1992 
                 Present 
                 United Kingdom 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                   
                 Specialist Cars 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Suntera 
                 1994 
                 1997 
                 United States 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Blackjack 
                 1995 
                 Present 
                 United Kingdom 
                 Front Engine 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Texas Rocket 
                 1995 
                 1995 
                 United States 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Corbin Motors 
                 1996 
                 2003 
                 United States 
                 Sparrow- 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Merlin-Front Engine 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Malone Car 
                 1997 
                 Present 
                 United Kingdom 
                 Front Engine 
               
               
                   
                 Company 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Mercedes Benz 
                 1997 
                 1997 
                 Germany 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Carver 
                 1997 
                 2009 
                 Netherlands 
                 2 Rear Wheels 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 IndyCycle 
                 1999 
                 1999 
                 United States 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Landshark 
                 2000 
                 2000 
                 United Kingdom 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Cree 
                 2001 
                 2001 
                 Switzerland 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Sealion 
                 2002 
                 2002 
                 Norway 
                 Front Engine 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 TR Hog 
                 2002 
                 2002 
                 United States 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 SLOW 
                 2003 
                 2003 
                 United Kingdom 
                 Rear Wheel Steering 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 QPod 
                 2004 
                 Present 
                 United Kingdom 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Myers Motors 
                 2004 
                 Present 
                 United States 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Peugeot 
                 2005 
                 2005 
                 France 
                 Front Engine 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Sceadu 
                 2006 
                 Present 
                 United States 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Fuel Vapor 
                 2006 
                 Present 
                 Canada 
                 Front Engine 
               
               
                   
                 Technologies 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Xzilarakor 
                 2006 
                 Present 
                 United States 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Liberty Motors 
                 2007 
                 Present 
                 United States 
                 Front Engine 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Bonnington 
                 2007 
                 2007 
                 Australia 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Cirbin Motors 
                 2007 
                 Present 
                 United States 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                   
                 Corp. 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Planet 
                 2007 
                 Present 
                 United Kingdom 
                 Front Engine 
               
               
                   
                 Engineering Ltd 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Elio Motors 
                 2008 
                 Present 
                 United Kingdom 
                 Front Engine 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 Razor 
                 2012 
                 Present 
                 United Kingdom 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                 
                           
                 
                 KTM 
                 2013 
                 2013 
                 Austria 
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Other Non Patent Citations 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Comments related 
               
               
                 # 
                 Author, Desc, Date 
                 Web Link 
                 Vehicle 
                 to present disclosure 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                  3 
                 Unknown Author, web page image 
                 http://thegegeblog.canalblog.com/ 
                 Bolle-La Bolle 
                 Rear wheel drive 
               
               
                   
                 of LaBolle vehicle, Jun. 27, 2015,  
                 archives/2010/04/01/17439628.html 
                 1896 
                   
               
               
                   
                 one page 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                  4 
                 Unknown Author, web page 
                 https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/% 
                 Griffon-1906 
                 Rear wheel drive 
               
               
                   
                 Wikipedia Griffon vehicle, 
                 C3%89tablissements_Griffon 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Jun. 27, 2015, one page 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                  5 
                 Unknown Author, web page AC 
                 http://www.uniquecarsandparts. 
                 AC-Auto Carrier 
                 Rear wheel drive 
               
               
                   
                 History, Jun. 27, 2015, two pages 
                 com.autheritage_ac.php 
                 1903-UK 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 AC-Sociable 
                 Rear wheel drive 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 1907-UK 
                   
               
               
                  6 
                 Unknown Author, web page 
                 https://touringroads.wordpress.com/ 
                 Advance Motor Co- 
                 Rear wheel drive 
               
               
                   
                 Searching for lost Indians, 
                 2013/10/05/searching-for-lost- 
                 ForeCar/Tricar 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Jun. 27, 2015, two pages 
                 indians-an-archival-journey/ 
                 1907-UK 
                   
               
               
                  7 
                 Elvis Payne, web page Asia, 
                 http://www.3wheelers.com/aisa.html 
                 Actividades 
                 Rear wheel drive 
               
               
                   
                 Jun. 27, 2015, One page 
                   
                 Industriales-Aisa  
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 1952-Spain 
                   
               
               
                  8 
                 Elvis Payne, web page A.F.Cars, 
                 http://www.3wheelers.com/afcars.html 
                 AF Cars-AB1 
                 Front Engine 
               
               
                   
                 Jun. 27, 2015, One page 
                   
                 Spider/Grand Prix 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 1969 
                   
               
               
                  9 
                 Unknown Author, web page, 
                 http://www.canosoarus.com/ 
                 Aero Visions Inc- 
                 Rear wheel drive 
               
               
                   
                 Welcome to the home of Doug 
                   
                 California 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Malewicki&#39;s 
                   
                 Communter 
                   
               
               
                   
                 inventions, engineering projects 
                   
                 1980-United States 
                   
               
               
                   
                 and fun stuff. Jun. 27, 2015, two 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 pages 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 10 
                 Unknown Author, web page 
                 http://www.bra-cars.com/ 
                 BRA Motor Works- 
                 Front Engine 
               
               
                   
                 Welcome to BRA Motorworks, 
                   
                 CX3, CV3, 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Jun. 27, 2015, one page 
                   
                 Leighton, MR3 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 2003-present-UK 
                   
               
               
                 11 
                 Hanlon, Mike, the three-wheeled 
                 http://www.gizmag.com/go/3628/ 
                 Mercedes-Benz F 
                 Rear wheel drive 
               
               
                   
                 driving machine, Gizmag,  
                   
                 300 Life-Jet 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Jan. 21, 2005, 4 pages 
                   
                 Concept Car 
                   
               
               
                 12 
                 Unknown Author, web page 
                 http://www.diseno-art.com/ 
                 Aprilia Magnet 
                 Straddle Seating 
               
               
                   
                 Home=&gt;Concept Cars,  
                 encyclopedia/concept_cars/aprilia_ 
                 Concept Only 
                   
               
               
                   
                 JUn. 27, 2015, one page 
                 magnet.html 
                   
                   
               
               
                 13 
                 Hanlon, Mike, VW&#39;s 3-wheel 
                 http://www.gizmag.com/go/4990/ 
                 Volkswagen 3 
                 Rear wheel drive 
               
               
                   
                 sportcar, Gizmag, Jan. 5, 2006,  
                   
                 wheeler GX3 
                   
               
               
                   
                 4 pages 
                   
                 Concept Car 
                   
               
               
                 14 
                 Hanlon, Mike, Peugeot&#39;s exciting 
                 http://www.gizmag.com/go/4494/ 
                 Peugeot 20CUP 
                 Front Engine 
               
               
                   
                 new 3-wheeler-the 20CUP, 
                   
                 Concept Car 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Gizmag, Aug. 28, 2005, 4 pages 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 15 
                 Unknown Author, web page 
                 http://www.polaris.com/en-us/slingshot 
                 Polaris Slingshot 
                 Front Engine 
               
               
                   
                 Polaris Slingshot company web 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 page, Jun. 27, 2015, one page 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 16 
                 Ian Stent, CKC June 2012 Issue 
                 http://www.grinnallcars.com/grin-factor.pdf 
                 Grinnall Scorpion III  
                 Rear Wheel Drive 
               
               
                   
                 63, pages 17-19 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 17 
                 Unknown Author, web page, The 
                 http://www.thepetrolstop.com/2012/03/ 
                 Scorcher 
                 Saddle seating 
               
               
                   
                 Petrol Stop, Jun. 27, 2015, 1 page 
                 stimson-scorcher.html