PATENT DOCUMENT

Abstract:
Electronic publications are increasingly replacing physical media, where standards have evolved to mimic these physical media. Accordingly it is beneficial to provide electronic publication software systems and/or software applications to enable new paradigms that provide consumers, authors, publishers, retailers, and others with a method of navigating electronic content comprising the ability to generate a user interface that supports individual page turns as well as small, moderate and large adjustments of position within the electronic content, wherein the user interface supports these adjustments in a manner that is consistent. The method further comprising the ability to receive an indication of an action by a user relating to an adjustments of position within an item of multimedia content rendered on a display device; determine a characteristic of the action; determine a first action relating to the retrieval of additional content of the item of multimedia content based on the characteristic of the action; and determine a predetermined subset of a plurality of objects to render to the user based on the characteristic of the action.

Full Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This patent application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application U.S. 61/610,066 filed Mar. 13, 2012 entitled “Methods and Systems for Digital Content” and U.S. Provisional Patent Application U.S. 61/610,068 filed Mar. 13, 2102 entitled “Methods and Systems for Digital Content”, the entire contents of which are included by reference. 
     
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    The present invention relates to electronic content and more specifically to licensing, annotating, publishing, generating, rendering, and social community engagement of electronic content. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0003]    In 2010, Google estimated that since the invention of printing, approximately 130,000,000 unique titles had been published. When writing systems were invented in ancient civilizations, approximately 6,000 years ago, words were not separated from each other (scriptural continua) and there was no punctuation and employed various media including tree bark, clay, stone, and metal. Texts were written from right to left, left to right, and even so that alternate lines read in opposite directions. Today, many languages including Japanese, Hebrew, Arabic, and Chinese remain as right-to-left languages whereas those derived from the Greek, Latin and Cyrillic languages are left-to-right. Additionally Chinese and Japanese are read bottom-to-top whereas Hebrew, Arabic, and those derived from Greek, Latin and Cyrillic languages are top-to-bottom. Accordingly, even today there are multiple structures for text even ignoring the 82 languages with over 10 million native speakers and the 7,358 recognised languages (“Ethnologue: Languages of the World”). 
         [0004]    Since the early-20th century to today the majority of books are printed by offset lithography although the introduction in the late-20th century, use computer-to-file and computer-to-plate systems further increased quality as well as allowing electronic distribution of content from a publisher to the printer. These technologies led to publishing concepts such as “print on demand”, which make it possible to print as few as one book at a time, have made self-publishing much easier and more affordable whilst also allowing publishers to keep low-selling books in print rather than declaring them out of print. Also in the late 20th Century the combination of advanced word processing software, graphic image processing software, and standards for document exchange combined with the raid penetration of the Internet resulted in much of the new information generated not being printed in paper books but being available online through websites, digital libraries, CD/DVD/NAND ROM, or in the form of e-books. Additionally, the Internet has resulted in a rapid proliferation of information and written content overall despite erosion generally in writing skills of users of the Internet. An on-line book is an electronic book that is available online through the Internet whereas, at present, an e-book, being a contraction of “electronic book”, refers to a digital version of a conventional print book although with time these distinctions will be lost. Today the majority of content on the Internet is presented through extendable markup languages such as Extensible Markup Language (XML) and Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) which control their appearance within webpages and websites. 
         [0005]    Numerous e-book formats have emerged and proliferated over the past twenty years for electronic publishing (ePublishing), some supported by major software companies such as Adobe with its Portable Document Format (PDF) approach, and others supported by independent and open-source programmers including EPUB (also referred to as ePUB, ePub, EPub, and epub) which became an official standard of the International Digital Publishing Forum (IDPF) in 2007 superseding the older Open e-book standard. Today the vast majority of downloadable content from the Internet is PDF based. 
         [0006]    EPUB has become a leading format for e-books alongside PDF as it is free and open, supports re-flowable (word wrap) and re-sizable text, supports inline raster and vector images, allows embedded metadata, provides digital rights management (DRM) support, Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) styling, alternative renditions in the same file, use of out-of-line and inline Extensible Markup Language (XML) islands (an XML island is a piece of XML embedded within an HTML document to associate data with an HTML object to extend the functionality of the HTML). 
         [0007]    Like EPUB PDF is an open standard for document exchange. However, unlike EPUB, PDF was originally a proprietary format controlled by Adobe for representing documents in a manner independent of application software, hardware, and operating systems. It was officially released as an open standard in 2008, and published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) as ISO 32000-1:2008. At the same time Adobe published a Public Patent License to ISO 32000-1 granting a royalty-free rights for all patents owned by Adobe that are necessary to make, use, sell and distribute PDF compliant implementations. Each PDF file encapsulates a complete description of a fixed-layout flat document, including the text, fonts, graphics, and other information needed to display it. Accordingly, PDF documents are fixed in layout and do not reflow according to the rendering device&#39;s screen dimensions or orientation as EPUB does. Other standards in addition to PDF and EPUB are also employed including, for example, the AZW and MOBI eBook formats. 
         [0008]    In contrast to the fully self-contained PDF an EPUB file uses XHTML 1.1 to construct the content of a book. Styling and layout are performed using a subset of CSS 2.0 such that this specialized syntax requires only a portion of CSS properties to be supported by e-reading systems and adds a few custom properties such as page-header and page footer. EPUB also requires that PNG, JPEG, GIF, and SVG images be supported using Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) and whilst other media types are allowed, creators must include alternative renditions using supported types. EPUB requires Unicode and content producers must use either UTF-8 or UTF-16 encoding in order for EPUB to support international and multilingual books. However, reading systems are not required to provide the fonts necessary to display every Unicode character, though they are required to display at least a placeholder for characters that cannot be displayed fully. 
         [0009]    To date e-book applications have been focused to only one aspect of the multi-faceted world of publishing, namely the replacement of physical books with an electronic book format. Accordingly it would be beneficial to provide users with an e-book software system that addressed the multiple facets of publishing that have evolved over the past two hundred years of publishing since steam-presses automated printing in conjunction with e-book software applications on their electronic devices. It would also be beneficial for the e-book software systems and/or software applications to leverage the benefits and potential that the Internet and high-speed communications provide including, but not limited to leveraging social media, supporting crowd sourcing, allowing streaming content, supporting multimedia content within annotations, and supporting hyperlinks within annotations. 
         [0010]    Document Navigation: 
         [0011]    Within the prior art navigating documents presented within webpages and applications has historically been accomplished through a scrollbar, usually appearing on one or two sides of the viewing area as long rectangular areas containing a bar (or thumb) that can be dragged along a trough (or track) to move the body of the document as well as two arrows on either end for precise adjustments. The “thumb” has different names in different environments, on the Macintosh it is called a “scroller”; on the Java platform it is called “thumb” or “knob”; Microsoft&#39;s .NET documentation refers to it as “scroll box” or “scroll thumb”; in other environments it is called “elevator”, “quint”, “puck”, “wiper” or “grip”. While dragging the thumb is historically the traditional way of manipulating a scrollbar, a scroll wheel may also be used, and optionally displayed arrow buttons may be clicked to scroll a small amount, or the trough above or below the thumb for a larger amount. The user may engage the scroll bar/thumb through a mouse on many electronic devices 
         [0012]    In contrast electronic readers for displaying ePUB and PDF files are generally engaged today through a touch-screen on the tablet, electronic reader, etc or other electronic devices that the user is using wherein electronic reader software detects a lateral “swipe” (finger motion across the touch-screen) as indicating the user wishes to turn the page forwards or backwards. This has been considered acceptable to date as the majority of ePUB/PDF documents published are novels which, even if they are very long such as “War and Peace” are read sequentially by the user. However, user manuals, dictionaries, reference texts, statutes, periodicals, journals, magazines, and a wide range of other published materials whether text based or other media including audio, video, multimedia, computer generated imagery, etc. are accessed in a non-sequential manner in that the user wishes to progress to a specific element of the published material, search for an element of the published content or browse through it starting at an essentially pseudo-random point. 
         [0013]    Accordingly, using an ePUB format for a 250 page text requires the user to execute 200 “swipes” to reach page 200 in the linear method of the prior art electronic reader software. Similarly, a user at page 400 requires 300 “swipes” to go backwards to page 100 where the electronic reader software remembers the user&#39;s last point in the text. However, a lawyer accessing a statute, a student accessing a reference text, or a mechanic accessing a manual will repeatedly access these documents at different points making navigation in such prior art means time consuming activities for the user. It would therefore be beneficial for a user to be able to rapidly shift their position within an item of published content using a user interface that supported individual page turns as well as small, moderate and large adjustments of position within the published content. It would be further beneficial for this user interface to support all these adjustments with a consistent user engagement rather than requiring the user to exploit multiple menus. 
         [0014]    Indexing and Searching: 
         [0015]    Within the prior art physically published content typically comprises a table of contents, the contents, and an index. This index comprises references to portions of the content and their location within the content. However, the terms in the index are selected by the publisher and represent only a portion of those within the content overall and may or may not represent actual elements of content. Within prior art electronic content published through EPUB the basic approach remains unchanged from the physical books it is intended to replace. In contrast other forms of electronic content such as Word documents, emails, and some PDF documents the content can be searched for any term through a search feature wherein the user types in the term or phrase they are seeking. However, every search requires that the content of the published content is searched again. 
         [0016]    It would therefore be beneficial for any content released to be indexed completely once so that any term within the published content forms the basis for linking to a predetermined position within the published content wherein that term exists. It would be evident that beneficially such completely indexed published content would allow fast searching of published content and associated annotations where searching speed is now less dependent upon the size of the published content as it is not searched every time but once and subsequently a complete or substantial index of the published content and/or associated annotations is searched. Beneficially annotations may therefore be indexed separately and filtered prior to rendering search results. Additionally, the identification of multiple occurrences concurrently in the search allows alternative rendering of occurrences. 
         [0017]    Fingerprinting and Encrypting: 
         [0018]    Historically within the prior art copying published content required another individual to copy it physically with paper, ink, etc. Subsequently photography, offset lithography, and photocopying reduced the cost of copying wherein protection was primarily embodiment through watermarks within the original documents paper or the difficulties/cost of copying in significant quantities and same format. With electronic content that changed dramatically such that today published content is typically protected from copying by applying protection to the published content such as with PDF documents or is encrypted such as is employed in electronic content marketplaces such as Apple iTunes™ and Amazon AZW for example. However, such techniques are restrictive in respect of either being tied to a specific license and specific electronic device. 
         [0019]    It would be beneficial for protection applied to published content to allow the license to be re-assigned to another user allowing enterprises to assign licenses to personnel and adjust as these personnel change or business requirements adjust or a user to purchase a license to published content and gift the published content to another. Neither instance is supported by the currently utilised digital rights management (DRM) techniques nor do such techniques allow for released published content to be traced subsequently upon identification of additional unlicensed copies so that the source of the original content can be identified. Obsolescence is normally an issue in electronic content from the user&#39;s viewpoint where DRM publishing systems are obsoleted through closure of enterprises providing them or electronic devices supporting them are unavailable. However, adjusting the publishing model of published content wherein publishers can publish multiple sequential releases of the content such that obsolescence is now a concern of those pirating the original published content as any release is obsoleted soon after its release. 
         [0020]    It would also be beneficial for such e-book software systems and/or software applications to enable new paradigms that provide consumers, authors, publishers, retailers, and others with new models for releasing digital content from editorial and authorship viewpoints; new models for providing digital rights management; new models for publishers to release revised editions, errata, new additions, etc; new methods of engaging social networks within work and private environments with associated content (annotations) to the original release content; and supporting discussion and information dissemination within a wide variety of environments from education to business to book clubs etc. Within such e-book software systems and/or software applications the inventors consider primary (electronic) content as being content having defined authorship and released with or without digital rights, and secondary (electronic) content as being additional content associated with predefined elements of the primary content generated by one or more users with associated characteristics in terms of releasing the secondary content to one or more other users. 
         [0021]    Accordingly the inventors have addressed providing benefits in terms of providing access to electronic content; supporting community interaction with electronic content; licensing electronic content with re-assignable rights and the ability to issue sub-rights; generating and rendering combined content from primary content and one or more secondary content sources with low network overhead; providing the ability to issue partial licenses to users with predetermined validity; and distributing electronic content with fingerprinting allowing unique identification of sources of non-authorised content. Additionally users address the navigation of e-books generically rather than the current dominant sectors of works of fiction and historical non-fiction such as biographies. Such works are read sequentially and accordingly easily rendered in a linear fashion to the user. However, a dictionary, a thesaurus, a user manual, a set of legal statutes, a cookery book are accessed in manners that may be described as non-linear or randomly by users such that different renditions of location and movement with the electronic content are required other than a table of contents, page numbers, and an index which mimic their historical paper predecessors or releases. 
         [0022]    Other aspects and features of the present invention will become apparent to those ordinarily skilled in the art upon review of the following description of specific embodiments of the invention in conjunction with the accompanying figures. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0023]    It is an object of the present invention to mitigate limitations and disadvantages of the prior art with respect to electronic content and more specifically to licensing, annotating, publishing, updating, delivering, searching, generating, rendering, and social community engagement of electronic content. 
         [0024]    In accordance with an embodiment of the invention there is provided a method comprising:
   receiving an indication of an action by a user relating to adjusting the portion of content of an item of multimedia content rendered to a user on a display;   determining a characteristic of the action with a microprocessor;   determining a first action relating to the retrieval of additional content of the item of multimedia content in dependence upon the characteristic of the action; and   determining a predetermined subset of a plurality of objects to render to the user in dependence upon the characteristic of the action.   
 
         [0029]    In accordance with an embodiment of the invention there is provided a method comprising:
   receiving content relating to an item of multimedia content on a computer system comprising a memory and a microprocessor;   parsing the content with a microprocessor to identify each occurrence of a unique item of a plurality of unique items within the multimedia content;   associating location information to each occurrence of the unique item of the plurality of unique items within the item of multimedia content; and   generating a content index of the item of multimedia content comprising the unique item of the plurality of unique items and the location information relating to each occurrence of the unique item of the plurality of unique items within the item of multimedia content.   
 
         [0034]    In accordance with an embodiment of the invention there is provided a method comprising:
   receiving at a computer system a request from a software application in execution upon a remote computer system for a predetermined portion of an item of content;   retrieving from a first memory a predetermined portion of primary content, the primary content being the item of content as published by its publisher;   retrieving from a second memory a predetermined portion of secondary content, the secondary content being generated by a first user having a first license to the item of content;   merging the retrieved primary and secondary content to generate combined content;   rendering the combined content for display to a second user having a second license to the item of content, the rendered combined content being the requested predetermined portion of the item of content;   generating a fingerprint relating to this instance of generating the rendered combined content and adding the fingerprint to the rendered combined content; and   encrypting the fingerprinted rendered combined content for transmission to the remote electronic device.   
 
         [0042]    Other aspects and features of the present invention will become apparent to those ordinarily skilled in the art upon review of the following description of specific embodiments of the invention in conjunction with the accompanying figures. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0043]    Embodiments of the present invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the attached Figures, wherein: 
           [0044]      FIG. 1  depicts an example of annotations made by a user of a conventional paper based book according to the prior art; 
           [0045]      FIG. 2  depicts an exemplary screenshot of a prior art software application “Scrible” for annotating electronic content; 
           [0046]      FIG. 3  depicts an details of the prior art software application “Scrible” depicted in  FIG. 2 ; 
           [0047]      FIG. 4  depicts an exemplary use of the prior art software application “Scrible”; 
           [0048]      FIG. 5  depicts examples of other prior art software applications for annotating web based and PDF based electronic content; 
           [0049]      FIG. 6  depicts a network supporting communications and interactions between devices connected to the network and a software system according to an embodiment of the invention; 
           [0050]      FIG. 7  depicts an electronic device supporting communications and interactions to the network depicted in  FIG. 6 ; 
           [0051]      FIGS. 8A through 8C  depicts a flowchart according to an embodiment of the invention relating to a SS-SA wherein a publisher publishes primary content which is subsequently purchased by an enterprise wherein a license and sub-licenses are issued and associated to the primary content; 
           [0052]      FIG. 8D  depicts a flowchart according to an embodiment of the invention relating to a SS-SA wherein a customer converts an existing license from one user to another through the SS-SA; 
           [0053]      FIG. 8E  depicts a flowchart according to an embodiment of the invention relating to a SS-SA wherein a customer adds a new license to a title through a publisher as opposed to through the SS-SA provider; 
           [0054]      FIG. 9  depicts a flowchart according to an embodiment of the invention relating to a SS-SA wherein secondary content generated by a user in association with primary content may be associated with different levels of publication by the user and subsequently is rendered to another user based upon their license and access rights; 
           [0055]      FIG. 10  depicts a schematic according to an embodiment of the invention relating to a SS-SA relating to the rendering of merged primary and secondary content to a user with multiple software systems; 
           [0056]      FIG. 11  depicts a flowchart according to an embodiment of the invention relating to a SS-SA executing the rendering of merged primary and secondary content to a user as outlined in  FIG. 10 ; 
           [0057]      FIG. 12  depicts dynamic migration of a user&#39;s viewing window within retrieved merged primary and secondary content in response to a characteristic of the user according to an embodiment of the invention; 
           [0058]      FIG. 13  depicts a flowchart according to an embodiment of the invention for a curator assigning a new user access rights to primary content and subsequently assigning their secondary rights; 
           [0059]      FIG. 14  depicts prior art solutions to scroll bars in documents having content larger than can be displayed in a single screen rendering; 
           [0060]      FIG. 15  depicts a scroll bar according to an embodiment of the invention wherein the functionality and display of the scroll bar vary in dependence upon a characteristic of the user&#39;s action with the software application rendering content to the user; 
           [0061]      FIG. 16  depicts a process flow chart for a dynamically reconfigured scroll bar to a user such as described in  FIG. 15  above according to an embodiment of the invention; 
           [0062]      FIG. 17  depicts an indexing of primary content according to an embodiment of the invention; 
           [0063]      FIG. 18  depicts the indexing of primary and secondary content according to an embodiment of the invention; 
           [0064]      FIG. 19  depicts a flowchart according to an embodiment of the invention for indexing primary and secondary content; 
           [0065]      FIG. 20  depicts prior art searching result screen images and a searching result screen image according to an embodiment of the invention. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0066]    The present invention is directed to electronic content and more specifically to licensing, annotating, publishing, distributing, updating, searching, generating, rendering, and social community engagement of electronic content. 
         [0067]    The ensuing description provides exemplary embodiment(s) only, and is not intended to limit the scope, applicability or configuration of the disclosure. Rather, the ensuing description of the exemplary embodiment(s) will provide those skilled in the art with an enabling description for implementing an exemplary embodiment. It being understood that various changes may be made in the function and arrangement of elements without departing from the spirit and scope as set forth in the appended claims. Where embodiments of the invention are described with respect to process flows or flowcharts then these are described with respect to this embodiment. It would be evident that two or more flowcharts may be combined or linked. 
         [0068]    A “mobile electronic device” as used herein and throughout this disclosure, refers to a wireless device used for communication that requires a battery or other independent form of energy for power. This includes, but is not limited to, devices such as a cellular telephone, smartphone, personal digital assistant (PDA), portable computer, pager, portable multimedia player, portable gaming console, laptop computer, tablet computer, and an electronic reader. A “fixed electronic device” (FED) as used herein and throughout this disclosure, refers to a wireless device or wired device used for communication that does not require a battery or other independent form of energy for power. This includes, but is not limited to, devices such as Internet enable televisions, gaming systems, desktop computers, kiosks, and Internet enabled communications terminals. 
         [0069]    A “network operator” or “network service provider” as used herein may refer to, but is not limited to, a telephone or other company that provides services for mobile phone subscribers including voice, text, and Internet; telephone or other company that provides services for subscribers including but not limited to voice, text, Voice-over-IP, and Internet; a telephone, cable or other company that provides wireless access to local area, metropolitan area, and long-haul networks for data, text, Internet, and other traffic or communication sessions; etc. 
         [0070]    A “software system” as used as used herein may refer to, but is not limited to, a server based computer system executing a software application or software suite of applications to provide one or more features relating to the licensing, annotating, publishing, generating, rendering, encrypting, social community engagement, storing, merging, and rendering electronic content and tracking of user and social community activities of electronic content. The software system being accessed through communications from a “software application” or “software applications” and providing data including, but not limited to, electronic content to the software application. A “software application” as used as used herein may refer to, but is not limited to, an application, combination of applications, or application suite in execution upon a portable electronic device or fixed electronic device to provide one or more features relating to one or more features relating to the licensing, annotating, publishing, generating, rendering, encrypting, social community engagement, storing, merging, and rendering electronic content and tracking of user and social community activities of electronic content. 
         [0071]    “Primary content” and “Title” as used herein and throughout this disclosure refers to, but is not limited to, electronic content generated by an author and/or published by a publisher with or without content digital rights which is made available through a software system to a user via a software application with a procurement process that may or may not require a financial transaction between the user and a provider of the primary content. The provider may be the author, publisher, an operator of the software system, or a third party engaged by one or more of the preceding. The primary content may include one or more of text, characters, audiovisual content and multimedia content relating to an author or authors relating to a subject or subjects. Examples of primary content may include e-books and other electronic documents including, but not limited to, novels, manuals, user guides, reference materials, reviews, specialist subject materials, journals, newspapers, music, movies, cartoons, videos, television programming, brochures, and software. 
         [0072]    “Secondary content” as used herein and throughout this disclosure refers to, but is not limited to, electronic content generated by a user with or without digital rights which is made available through available through a software system to a user via a software application with or without user digital rights associated with said secondary content. Said user digital rights relating to the predetermined portion of a community of users of the software system/software application that may view the secondary content generated by the user. The secondary content may include one or more of text, characters, audiovisual content and multimedia content. 
         [0073]    A “publisher” as used herein and through this disclosure refers to, but is not limited to, an enterprise or organization engaged in publishing through performing one or more stages of the development, acquisition, copyediting, graphic design, production, release, and marketing and distribution of electronic content, referred to in this specification as primary content. Typically publishers acquire content from authors but authors may be their own publishers, meaning, originators and developers of electronic content can also deliver the electronic content for the same. An “author” as used herein and through this disclosure refers to, but is not limited to, an individual or group of individuals who originate or give existence to anything that may be considered electronic content and their authorship determines responsibility for what is created. More traditionally an author is the originator of any written work which may be represented electronically as electronic content. However, an author may originate through one or more of text, characters, audiovisual content and multimedia content. 
         [0074]    A “user” as used herein and through this disclosure refers to, but is not limited to, a person or device that utilizes the software system and/or software application (SS-SA) and as used herein may refer to a person, group, or organization that has registered with the SS-SA to acquire primary content and generates secondary content in association with the primary content. A “curator” or “librarian” as used herein and through this disclosure refers to, but is not limited to, a person or group of individuals having rights to manage one or more aspects of the license(s) of primary content and their associated sub-licenses as well as one or more aspects of the associations of users to groups and the according distribution of the secondary content from these users. 
         [0075]    Referring to  FIG. 1  there is depicted an image of an example of annotations made by a user of a conventional paper based book  100  according to the prior art. As depicted the book  100  is open and has left page  100 A and right page  100 B comprising pages 10 and 11 of a book of poetry. Left page  100 A comprises “The Waste Land” wherein the last two lines are indicated by first box  120  and right page  100 B comprises “III. The Fire Sermon” wherein the whole poem is indicated with second box  130 . Down the left hand side of first page  100 A are first annotations  110  written by hand by a reader of the poem “The Waste Land” and beneath are second annotations  140 . Other annotations are indicated on right page  100 C by handwritten notes  150 . At the bottom of each of left and right pages  100 A and  100 B respectively are first and second footnote lists  160  and  170  respectively that contain translations, modern equivalents, citations, and references to aid the reader in understanding the poem. 
         [0076]    This conventional structure of pages with margins (not identified but forming the defined white space around the border of the page), footnotes, and page numbers has been maintained within the PDF structure which represents one of the two dominant formats of electronic publishing for written content. As such content generated today within a desktop publishing application and converted to PDF format is paginated according to the settings of the application by default or as set by the user when generating the PDF. Accordingly when displayed upon different devices with different screen dimensions the page will be dimensions to fit unless the user zooms. For many portable electronic devices the required magnification is such that the user must scroll left-right and up-down to read the entire content of one page before moving to the next page. This pre-paginated fixed dimension structure of PDFs is not reflected in EPUB structured content which is rendered with a predetermined character format such that the amount of content displayed in each electronic device varies with screen dimension and user adjustment in the character font size. 
         [0077]    Now referring to  FIG. 2  there is depicted an exemplary screenshot  200  of a prior art software application “Scrible” for annotating electronic content within a web page. As depicted a screen displays a background  260  and application toolbar  250  together with “Explorer” window  240  and webpage  220  which depicts part of a Wikipedia™ article relating to “2009-2010 Toyota vehicle recalls” which has been annotated as evident from annotation window  230 . Webpage  220  and annotation window  230  are depicted in expanded form in  FIG. 3  with first and second webpages  310  and  320  respectively. Within first webpage  310  is shown “Scrible” toolbar  370  which has been accessed by the user and provides the user with a variety of tools for annotating. Second webpage  320  shows first and second annotations  330  and  340  respectively together with first and second highlighted text sections  360  and  350  which were highlighted by the user prior to associating first and second annotations  330  and  340  respectively to them. 
         [0078]    The “Scrible” toolbar  370  is depicted again in  FIG. 4  wherein features within the “Scrible” toolbar  370  are indicated including “Sign-In”  431 , “Library”  432 , “Highlight”  433 , “Add Note”  434 , “Text Format” buttons  435 , “Display-Hide Annotations-Notes” buttons  436 , and “Link-Mail-Save” buttons  437 . These elements in the “Scrible” toolbar  370  allow a user to annotate a webpage such as shown in first image  410  which when annotated appears as shown in second image  420 . Accordingly within second image  420  there are shown “Scrible” toolbar  370  and bookmark  440  together with annotation  460  and associated highlighted text  460 . Also shown is annotations legend  480  which allows a user to keep track of the notes and associated highlights. Accordingly, a user may through “Scrible” toolbar  370  add annotation to a webpage and then “Link-Mail-Save” buttons  437  which allow the user to create a link to the annotated web page to provide to other users, email the annotated page to another known user, and save the annotated web page to a “Scrible” account associated with the user. Accordingly a user must know another user in order to provide a link from their annotated web page or to email the annotated web page to them. 
         [0079]    Referring to  FIG. 5  there are depicted examples of other prior art software applications for annotating web based and PDF based electronic content. These include Adobe Acrobat  500 A which allows comments from first to fourth users  510 A through  510 D to be distributed to a user group for incorporation into the next revision of the PDF document during editing process  520 . Such distributed release of an initial version of a document with comments returned by email exists with other applications, e.g. Microsoft Word, but within Adobe Acrobat this is extended wherein when the author opens the document to edit it in editing process  520  the user sees the emails directly within sidebar window  530 . Further, where a reviewer has highlighted content  550  this is reflect in indicators  540  within the sidebar window  530 . Also depicted in  FIG. 5  are images from Grahl&#39;s “PDF Annotator”  530 , neu.Pen&#39;s “neu.Annotate PDF”  540 , and Nitro&#39;s “PDF 7”  550  which represent three of the multiple annotating applications developed for annotating PDF content. These other applications provide text based annotations, either typed or handwritten, and exploit colour for associating annotations to elements of the PDF. 
         [0080]    Now referring to  FIG. 6  there is depicted a network supporting communications and interactions between devices connected to the network and a software system according to an embodiment of the invention. As shown first and second user groups  600 A and  600 B respectively interface to a telecommunications network  600 . Within the representative telecommunication architecture a remote central exchange  680  communicates with the remainder of a telecommunication service providers network via the network  600 . The central exchange  680  is connected via the network  600  to local, regional, and international exchanges (not shown for clarity) and therein through network  600  to first and second wireless access points (AP)  695 A and  695 B respectively which provide Wi-Fi cells for first and second user groups  600 A and  600 B respectively. Also connected to the network  600  are first and second Wi-Fi nodes  610 A and  610 B, the latter of which being coupled to network  600  via router  605 . Second Wi-Fi node  610 B is associated with first building  660 A and having within this environment  660  first and second user groups  600 A and  600 B which are connected to the network  600  via wireless interfaces such as second Wi-Fi node  610 B via router  605 . Second user group  600 B may also be connected via wired interfaces which may or may not be routed through a router such as router  605 . 
         [0081]    Within the cell associated with first AP  695 A the first group of users  600 A may employ a variety of portable electronic devices including for example, laptop computer  655 , portable gaming console  635 , tablet computer  640 , smartphone  650 , cellular telephone  645  as well as portable multimedia player  630 . Within the cell associated with second AP  695 B are the second group of users  600 B which may employ a variety of fixed electronic devices including for example gaming console  625 , personal computer  615  and wireless/Internet enabled television  620  as well as cable modem  605 . 
         [0082]    Also connected to the network  600  is cell tower  690  that provides, for example, cellular telephony services as well as evolved services with enhanced data transport support. Cell tower  690  proves coverage in the exemplary embodiment to first and second user groups  600 A and  600 B. Alternatively the first and second user groups  600 A and  600 B may be geographically disparate and access the network  600  through multiple cell towers, not shown for clarity, distributed geographically by the network operator or operators. Accordingly, the first and second user groups  600 A and  600 B may according to their particular communications interfaces communicate to the network  600  through one or more wireless communications standards. It would be evident to one skilled in the art that many portable and fixed electronic devices may support multiple wireless protocols simultaneously, such that for example a user may employ GSM services such as telephony and SMS and Wi-Fi/WiMAX data transmission, VOIP and Internet access. 
         [0083]    Also connected to the network  600  are first to third enterprises  665  through  675  which may for example represent locations for authors, publishers, software system/software application providers, and users which may exploit combinations of wired and wireless networks. First and second primary content sources  690 A and  690 B together with secondary content source  685  are also connected to network  600  which respectively house primary content generated by authors and/or publishers and secondary content generated by users respectively. Additionally first and second primary content sources  690 A and  690 B together with secondary content source  685 , and others not shown for clarity, may host according to embodiments of the inventions multiple services associated with a provider of the software system(s) and/or software application(s) associated with the electronic content distribution including, but not limited to, dictionaries, speech recognition software, product databases, inventory management databases, retail pricing databases, license databases, customer databases, and software applications for download to fixed and portable electronic devices. First and second primary content sources  690 A and  690 B together with secondary content source  685  may also host for example other Internet services such as a search engine, financial services, third party applications and other Internet based services. 
         [0084]    Referring to  FIG. 7  there is depicted an electronic device  704 , supporting communications and interactions according to embodiments of the invention. Electronic device  704  may for example be a portable electronic device or a fixed electronic device and may include additional elements above and beyond those described and depicted. Also depicted within the electronic device  704  is the protocol architecture as part of a simplified functional diagram of a system  700  that includes an electronic device  704 , such as a smartphone  655 , an access point (AP)  706 , such as first Wi-Fi AP  610 , and one or more network devices  707 , such as communication servers, streaming media servers, and routers for example such as first and second servers  175  and  185  respectively. Network devices  707  may be coupled to AP  706  via any combination of networks, wired, wireless and/or optical communication links such as discussed above in respect of  FIG. 1 . The electronic device  704  includes one or more processors  710  and a memory  712  coupled to processor(s)  710 . AP  706  also includes one or more processors  711  and a memory  713  coupled to processor(s)  711 . 
         [0085]    Electronic device  704  may include an audio input  714 , for example a microphone, and an audio output  716 , for example, a speaker, coupled to any of processors  710 . Electronic device  704  may include a video input  718 , for example, a video camera, and a video output  720 , for example an LCD display, coupled to any of processors  710 . Electronic device  704  also includes a keyboard  715  and touchpad  717  which allow the user to enter content or select functions within one of more applications  722  that are typically stored in memory  712  and are executable by any combination of processors  710 . Electronic device  704  includes a protocol stack  724  and AP  706  includes a communication stack  725 . Within system  700  protocol stack  724  is shown as IEEE 802.11 protocol stack but alternatively may exploit other protocol stacks such as an Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) multimedia protocol stack for example. Likewise AP stack  725  exploits a protocol stack but is not expanded for clarity. Elements of protocol stack  724  and AP stack  725  may be implemented in any combination of software, firmware and/or hardware. Protocol stack  724  includes an IEEE 802.11-compatible PHY module coupled to one or more Front-End Tx/Rx &amp; Antenna  728  as well as IEEE 802.11-compatible MAC and LLC modules together with a network layer IP, transport layer User Datagram Protocol (UDP) module and transport layer Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) modules. 
         [0086]    Protocol stack  724  also includes session layer Real Time Transport Protocol (RTP), Session Announcement Protocol (SAP), Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) and Real Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP) modules. Also shown are presentation layer media negotiation and call control modules together with one or more audio and video codecs  752  and  754  respectively. Applications  722  may be able to create maintain and/or terminate communication sessions with any of devices  707  by way of AP  706 . 
         [0087]    It would be apparent to one skilled in the art that elements of the electronic device  704  may also be implemented within the AP  706  including but not limited to one or more elements of the protocol stack  724 . 
         [0088]    Now referring to  FIGS. 8A through 8C  there are depicted first to third flowcharts  800 A through  800 C according to an embodiment of the invention relating to a SS-SA wherein a publisher publishes primary content which is subsequently purchased by an enterprise wherein a license and sub-licenses are issued and associated to the primary content. Within the descriptions of embodiments of the invention described with respect of  FIGS. 6 through 21  there are described a SS-SA which provides an overall content delivery system and the security aspects surrounding the process are discussed. Amongst the desirable features of the distribution system are:
       that can supply a fingerprinted version of the primary content for download;   minimal delay between request for primary and/or secondary content and the transfer of data;   no obvious transfer of keys between the system;   encryption of content may occur within the distribution server application;   methods for tracking user metrics;   no requirement for direct association between the users, clients and publishers as well as customers and the marketplace; and   no restrictions on membership to the software system and/or software.       
 
         [0096]    Within embodiments of the invention reference may be made to the following:
       CogniUser ID, a unique identifier for a user independent of licenses or sub-licenses issued to the user,   CogniSync, the server(s) synchronizing the primary and secondary content generated by publishers, users, etc and providing the merged/rendered content to the user(s); and   CogniStore, the server(s) providing the storage repository where primary and second content is stored and which may also be linked to “Market Place”, Publisher and/or third party eStores such that these may simultaneously sell eBook “shells” wherein primary and/or secondary content is retrieved from the CogniStore in use.       
 
         [0100]    Accordingly, within  FIGS. 8A through 8C  the main process steps from initial release of a publication (primary content) by a publisher to downloading of the publication by the user (client) are presented. Within first flowchart  800 A five steps are depicted, these being: 
         [0101]      1 . Publishing Process: wherein the Title is submitted to CogniSync™ using a valid CogniUser™ ID for that Publisher publishing the Title. During this stage the information is divided into four distinct parts and stored within appropriate locations on the servers of the software system. These being:
       i. Title Reference, which is generated and given to all locations;   ii. Title Content, being the primary content is generated and stored on CogniStore™;   iii. Title Container, is generated and stored on CogniStore™;   iv. Title Template is packaged with the Title Reference and stored on the Market Place       
 
         [0106]      2 . Licensing: is performed or authorized using the Title Reference and a Title Request for a license set (which can consist of a single license) could take place through a number of mechanisms:
       1) based on an analog process, i.e. salesperson reports a sale back to the billing team, the publisher&#39;s representative accesses CogniSync through an interactive Dashboard and enters in all of the elements required to create a license, including the license set contact&#39;s e-mail address. CogniSync creates all of the necessary license set information and send a welcome message to the contact (curator).   2) Similar to above, except based on the billing representative&#39;s entry of the sale, an automated process transmits required information to the CogniSync web service on a secure link (along with the publisher&#39;s ID and password information). CogniSync creates all of the necessary license set information and send a welcome message to the contact (curator)   3) The sale is based on a digital process, i.e. a publisher or reseller&#39;s web store) which collects the necessary information. The webstore then triggers an automated process which transmits required information to the CogniSync web service on a secure link (along with the publishers&#39; ID and password information). CogniSync creates all of the necessary license set information and send a welcome message to the contact (curator)         
         [0110]    In all cases, the curator then uses a link and instructions within the message to assign the license. Accordingly, it would be evident to one skilled in the art that embodiments of the invention therefore support sales and licensing being issued by the publisher (e.g. Thomson Carswell, Academic Press, Random House, and HarperCollins), the SS-SA, or another third party (e.g. Amazon™, Chapters Indigo™, Barnes &amp; Noble™). 
         [0111]      3 . Generate License: uses the Licensing Data in conjunction with the Title Content and Title Container to generate a customised version of the Title Content and Title Container that has fingerprinting embedded within both structures where the customization relates to one or more aspects of the Licensing Data. In some embodiments of the invention this part of the process may be transparent to both the user and the publisher by providing security through obfuscation, in others encryption, encoding and other obfuscation techniques are utilised. Generating the license additionally creates the License for internal tracking and an external License Reference. The external License Reference is then sent on behalf of the publisher to the Customer&#39;s specified email(s) used when registering their account and may be an individual user or an enterprise&#39;s curator for example. 
         [0112]      4 . Registering License: is the next step which taken by the Customer supplying CogniSync™ with the CogniUser™ ID of the Curator at the time of acceptance of the License, thereby accepting delivery of the content. There is a differentiation according to embodiments of the invention between a license set (which contains one or more licenses) and individual licenses (which are granted to a user) which may be considered in steps  4  through  7  inclusive. 
         [0113]    When a sale takes place the curator contact, which may end up being the same person as the user, receives an e-mail from the CogniSync system with instructions, a link to the CogniSync Dashboard, namely the control panel for a content management system, and a license set key (between steps  3  and  4 ). The curator contact then uses this information to accept the license set and associate it with their CogniID (step  4 ). If necessary, they setup a new CogniID, along with their organization during this process of which they are granted “Curator” status for that organization wherein account consolidation tools may be provided (step  5 ). They can now assign the license(s) to users that they create through the Dashboard, they are automatically the first user, ensuring that the user&#39;s contact information is indicated (step  6 ). At this point in time, the CognilD information for the user&#39;s is not shown, it is not populated (and may not exist) until the user accepts the license between steps  7  &amp;  8 . 
         [0114]      5 . Set License Manager: is the following process in which CogniSync™ officially enables the License to the Curator recording the association, and allowing the Publisher to track delivery as the Accepted License. 
         [0115]    Within second flowchart  800 B a further five steps are depicted, these being: 
         [0116]      6 . Key Allotment: is the next step for a Curator who has successfully received the License Details to assign Client access to the Title. The Customer Curator supplying the Client must then register the Key Assignment with CogniServ™. Within the specification and description where License Details are referenced that this may be associated with a License Set and that a Key may be associated with a License. 
         [0117]      7 . Generate Key Reference: is the software system process, for example as operated by CogniLore Inc., in which the Key is associated with the Customer&#39;s Accepted License and the use of the Key is stored as a Reserved Key. Additionally the Key Reference is sent on behalf of the Customer to the Client&#39;s identified email account(s). 
         [0118]      8 . Title Request: is the stage where the Key Reference is used by the Client who has already retrieved from the appropriate Market Place the Title Reference and its associate Title Template, who can then contact CogniSync™ using the Title Template which will supply the Device ID and then require the user to supply a CogniUser™ ID. For clarity, the Key may not be entered through the software but may be entered through the CogniSync Dashboard. An e-mail may be sent by the CogniSync system to the user containing instructions, a link to the CogniSync Dashboard, and their Key Reference. The title is accepted through the CogniSync Dashboard, and not from within the software. 
         [0119]    Upon completion of this stage User Provisioning can Start 
         [0120]      9 . User Provisioning: starts with the confirmation of the Reserved Key and stores the Device Usage for later use and then two sub-processes are started.
       A. Immediate Transfer: is used so that the user is presented with low delay or wait period in accessing initial content; and   B. Content Encoding: requires the Device ID so that the encryption key can be derived and begins queuing data for transmission in process in step  11  Encrypted Content Transmission.         
         [0123]      10 . Book Building Stage 1: where the Title Template integrates the License and Title Container into itself and then reports back to CogniSync™ that it is ready to receive the Encrypted Content. 
         [0124]    Within third flowchart  800 C a further two steps are depicted, these being: 
         [0125]      11 . Encrypted Content Transmission, which is performed in conjunction with continuation of 9B Content Encoding: as the title of this process implies there is both an active Encoding process going on as well as the transmission of parts as they are completed. This allows embodiments of the invention to exploit a buffering process and ensure that there is a constant flow of data and perceivable progress to the user. 
         [0126]      12 . Book Building State 2: wherein individual Device Specific Encrypted content is added to the Content Template eventually completing the entire process and providing the Client with the completed Title ready for use. 
         [0127]    As described within respect to embodiments of the invention the primary and secondary content are provided to the user in a manner supporting the scrolling of the combined content by the user such that unlike other prior art applications the discontinuity in scrolling is minimized as the content retrieved and rendered is adjusted according to the actions of the user. Accordingly, such embodiments generally comprise the primary content remaining at the software system servers and a predetermined portion of the merged primary and secondary content being provided to the user such as described below in respect of  FIG. 12  and then removed upon the user closing the selected title. Such an approach supporting, for example, reduced memory requirements for devices the user uses to access the content, provide flexibility in users accessing the content from any electronic device, and reduction in the content released as complete copies of the primary content are not released. It would be evident to one skilled in the art that alternatively the complete primary content may be provided to the user and accordingly the user license for a particular primary content is a predetermined limited number of licenses tied to particular electronic devices, i.e. in a manner similar to that employed in Apple iTunes™. 
         [0128]    It would also be evident to one skilled in the art that the licensing approach described in respect of  FIGS. 8A through 8C  allows a curator to purchase multiple licenses for an enterprise, for example a law firm, and then assign licenses to lawyers, administration staff etc. The curator may then terminate licenses and/or re-assign them to other lawyers, administration staff in dependence upon staff changes, requirements etc. Further, as the SS-SA tracks the usage of the users against the licenses it provides the curator with increased metrics with which to manage the licenses required within their enterprise and accordingly their budget plus provide justification for the licenses purchased through usage data. It would also be evident to one skilled in the art that licenses may also be established according to embodiments of the invention for either full or partial primary content with or without published secondary content with predetermined limited validity so that a curator may adjust licenses to reflect short-term requirements and/or license primary content to address particular requirements of the enterprise. 
         [0129]    It would be apparent to one skilled in the art that according to an embodiment of the invention this simplified delivery of a title to a single user shows that they act as both curator and user. From their perspective the process flow may be perceived as:
       I receive an e-mail from the CogniSync server announcing my new purchase, which contains a license set key, a link to the CogniSync Dashboard, and instructions;   I click on the link to access the CogniSync Dashboard;   I login to my CogniID account, or create a new CogniID account;   I click on the register new license within the CogniSync Dashboard and enter my license set key. This activates the license set, the details of which I can now see within the CogniSync Dashboard in an area titled “My License Sets”, and am prompted if I want to associate a license key with my CogniID;   I click on “Yes” and the relationship is made;   The purchased Title now appears under another area entitled “My Titles”, along with the Title restrictions. Clicking on the Title loads additional information relating to the Title. I al also provided instructions on how to acquire the software, for example single user or library version, to download the title to the various devices;   I can now assign the other keys purchased (if any) to other users via the “My License Sets” interface, entering their e-mail contact information. The users are added to a list, which also includes their status (which is Pending until it has been claimed) and their CogniID (which is blank until populated when claimed);   When each assignment of the key is confirmed, a user welcome e-mail is sent to the user with instructions, a link to the CogniSync Dashboard, and their License Key. The user accesses the CogniSync Dashboard as above, and enters the License Key. This activates the product for them under “My Titles”. The site now provides them with information on downloading the software.       
 
         [0138]    It would also be evident to one skilled in the art that embodiments of the invention with respect to licensing content, issuing sub-licenses, and re-assigning licenses may be applied to alternate forms of content other than those primarily considered within this specification for electronic publications. As the primary content may be any multimedia content then the licensing of content, issuing sub-licenses, re-assigning licenses, etc may be applied to audio content, audiovisual content, and multimedia content. Examples of such content including for example music, films, videos, computer generated graphics, animation, computer generated animation, and games. 
         [0139]    Alternatively, the encryption described in respect of content transmittal within  FIG. 17  may be implemented through different protocols including for example, exploiting Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS) to encrypt automatically content data being transmitted from CogniSync™ to the Client and encrypting this content data on the Client&#39;s device automatically with the reader software upon receipt so that the content is encrypted on the Client&#39;s device. Optionally, containers for data transmission, such as Licensed Title Container may be generated dynamically rather than being stored within CogniStore™ Optionally, the DeviceID rather than being employed to lock the Title to a specific device may be used for analytics. 
         [0140]    Referring to  FIG. 8D  there is depicted a flowchart  800 D according to an embodiment of the invention relating to a SS-SA wherein a customer converts an existing license from one user to another through the SS-SA. Within flowchart  800 D 9 steps are depicted together with their associated elements to/from each level of Market Place, Client, Customer, Publisher, CogniSync™, and CogniStore™: 
         [0141]      13 . New User: where a new user has searched a market place or multiple market places wherein they have identified a Title which they are interested in accessing. Such market places include for example publisher websites, e.g. HarperCollins and Penguin; aggregators, e.g. Amazon, Kobo, and iTunes; and the software system provider. Accordingly, the new user communicates this information to the curator, referred to in the flowchart  1800 D as “License Manager.” Within this embodiment of the invention the new user engages the curator who manages titles through a library version of the software. As described elsewhere within the specification the new user may also purchase titles directly through a single user interface. 
         [0142]      14 . License Manager: accesses the software application based upon their CogniUser™ identity information and retrieves from the CogniSync™ servers customer and client analytic data relating to the Title indicated by the new user. The License Manager also retrieves data relating to the new user, including, for example, but not limited to CogniUser™ identity and device identity. If the customer/client analytic data indicates that a license or licenses already exist with other users within the organization then the License Manager is able to determine the degree to which these copies of the title are utilized. Accordingly, the License Manager is able to determine a course of action which may include, but is not limited to, purchasing a new license, cancelling a license assigned to another user at the organization, securing a partial license to the title, and refusing the request based upon historical data relating to the new user&#39;s use of licenses. Based upon the determined action the License Manager may send a provisioning request to the CogniSync™ servers. 
         [0143]      15 . Generate Key License: based upon the provisioning request received from the License Manager the CogniSync™ servers hosting the software system the system retrieves data relating to the title content and title container and determines an action or actions, including, but not limited to, generating a new license, deleting an existing license, and amending the data associated with an existing license. Where a license is issued or amended then the License Manager is notified together with being provided with a licenses reference. 
         [0144]      16 . Key Allotment: where for the License Manager who has successfully received the License Details for the new or modified license relating to the Title now registers for Key Assignment with CogniServ™. 
         [0145]      17 . Generate Key License: where the software system process, for example as operated by CogniLore Inc., generates a new Key to be associated with the Customer&#39;s Accepted License and the use of the Key is stored as a Reserved Key. Additionally the Key Reference is sent to the Customer&#39;s identified email account(s) for subsequent forwarding to the customer with associated details the License Manager provides to users such as organization policies and limits of issued license for example. 
         [0146]      18 . Assign User Rights: where the Key Reference is used by the Customer is forwarded to the Client so that they can then contact CogniSync™ using the Title Template which will supply the Device ID and then require the user to supply a CogniUser™ ID. Upon completion of this stage User Provisioning can Start. 
         [0147]      19 . Title Request: where the user now accesses the CogniSync™ system and the software application on their electronic device transfers their key reference, CogniUser™ ID, and Device ID authorizing the CogniSync™ system to provision the user for subsequent transmittal of content. 
         [0148]      20 . User Provisioning: starts with the confirmation of the Reserved Key and stores the Device Usage for later use and then two sub-processes are started.
       A. Immediate Transfer: is used so that the user is presented with low delay or wait period in accessing initial content; and   B. Content Encoding: requires the Device ID and Reserved Key so that the encryption key can be derived and begins queuing data for transmission in process in step  11  Encrypted Content Transmission.         
         [0151]      21 . Content Retrieval: wherein the CogniSync™ system retrieves the first elements of primary content together with any secondary content relating to access rights of the new user, such as for example project, team, and organization together with public secondary content. 
         [0152]    Now referring to  FIG. 8E  there is depicted a flowchart  800 D according to an embodiment of the invention relating to a SS-SA wherein a customer adds a new license to a title through a publisher as opposed to through the SS-SA provider. As depicted flowchart  800 D comprises 10 steps together with their associated elements to/from each level of Market Place, Client, Customer, Publisher, CogniSync™, and CogniStore™. These being: 
         [0153]      22 . New User: 
         [0154]      23 . License Manager: 
         [0155]      24 . Licensing: 
         [0156]      25 . Generate License: 
         [0157]      26 . Key Allotment: 
         [0158]      27 . Generate Key License: 
         [0159]      28 . Assign User Rights: 
         [0160]      29 . Title Request: 
         [0161]      30 . User Provisioning: 
         [0162]      31 . Content Retrieval. 
         [0163]    Steps  22  through  24 , and  26  through  31  being comparable to steps  13  through  21  respectively as described supra in respect of  FIGS. 8A through 8D  respectively. Step  24  as executed by the Publisher comprises receiving the provisioning request from the Customer, authorizing the Customer&#39;s purchase, thereby generating a sale notice which forms part of the licensing data transmitted to the CogniSync™ system and an order confirmation to the Customer as acceptance provisioning. 
         [0164]    It would be evident to one skilled in the art that the License Manager provisioning request may, as with multiple steps in the process flows described in respect of  FIGS. 8A through 8E  respectively be delayed in time with respect of the preceding steps(s), in this instance the request from the new user in respect of the Title. Such delays may be of varying duration from very short to quite long. For example, a library may absorb multiple requests for titles from users within a large organization or the general public and collate/review these prior to making purchases. 
         [0165]    It would be evident to one skilled in the art that the License Manager as described in respect of embodiments of the invention in  FIGS. 8A through 8E  may re-assign licenses relating to titles. Accordingly, it would be evident that as each licensed user only retrieves those portions of the content relating to their current view, and that this is encrypted and fingerprinted as described below in respect of  FIGS. 10 and 11 , that each licensed user does not receive the content in a single download, such as occurs with prior art market places such as iTunes, Kobo, Kindle, etc. Further, as termination of rights for a user, such as end of a predetermined loan period for example, the user cannot access the Title with their existing key and license. Further as all requests, provisioning, key transfers, license transfers occur electronically and associate device identity information it would be evident that users may request a Title remote from the library which would have pre-registered the user. 
         [0166]    It would also be evident to one skilled in the art that the preceding description in respect of  FIGS. 8A through 8E  is described with respect to a single title publishing solution. However, it would be evident that the method described above in respect of  FIGS. 8A through 8E  also relates to a SS-SA managing a library of titles for at least one of a publisher, a retailer, a curator, and a user. Accordingly, for example, a publisher may provide multiple titles which are published and some of which are purchased with single licenses and others with multiple licenses. Likewise a curator may manage multiple titles some of which are purchased with single licenses and others with multiple licenses or a user may purchase licenses themselves, therefore making themselves a curator for that title, as well as being allocated licenses for other titles from a curator. Hence, the SS-SA may include support for a library interface. 
         [0167]    For example, according to an embodiment of the invention, a software package is posted to a distributing marketplace for an appropriate platform, for example Apple Application Store for the Apple iOS operating system, Android Marketplace for Google&#39;s Android operating system, and Publisher website for Microsoft Windows. The software package contains an application and an e-book title shell. When launched, the software requests the user&#39;s CogniID information and then checks to see if they have been granted access to the associated title. Upon validation of the user access rights the e-book title shell is populated with the predetermined contents which may, for example, be the entire e-book or the first chapter of the e-book. 
         [0168]    According to another embodiment of the invention, a software application for library is purchased from a software provider directly or through a distributor such as one of the marketplaces listed above, and installed to a device. The library software then requests the user&#39;s CogniID information and checks to see which there are titles that they have access to. Optionally a list of titles may be presented to the user allowing them to determine which ones should be downloaded to a particular device, with a function existing within options to retrieve and update this list. The software application then downloads the e-book title shell for each, or each selected, title, and then sequentially populates the title shell(s) with the predetermined portion of the e-book contents determined for e-book. 
         [0169]    According to another embodiment of the invention the software system and/or software there is a “blind forward” and no owner relationship between the Client (User) and Customer. Within another scenario the Customer (Curator) would review the licenses and would make a change in the license assignment, including the contact information (e-mail). This would both cancel the first license, which would remove the title from the first licensee on the next product access to CogniSync, the details of which would be available to them in their ‘My Titles’ section of the CogniSync Dashboard, and would send a welcome message to the new user with links and instructions such as described above wherein they would procure the software, setup/login to their CogniID account, register their product via the CogniSync Dashboard etc as described above. If, the user already had access to a particular title, the CogniSync Dashboard would present them with a set of options, including for example accepting the new title assignment which would break the existing license relationship and notifying the curator of the current title that a license has been freed, and rejecting the new title assignment and notify the assigning curator that the title assignment was rejected. 
         [0170]    Now referring to  FIG. 9  there is depicted a flowchart  900  according to an embodiment of the invention relating to a SS-SA wherein secondary content generated by a user in association with primary content may be associated with different levels of publication by the user and subsequently is rendered to another user based upon their license and access rights. Accordingly the process begins at step  905  wherein the user logs-in to the software system and/or software application, accesses an item of primary content in step  910  and generates an item of secondary content in step  915 . Next in step  920  the user is prompted to select a category of available categories to which to assign the secondary content as. As depicted in flowchart  900  these content categories are “Private”, “Team”, “Enterprise”, and “Public.” Based upon the decision of the user then the process proceeds to step  925  wherein the required associations of the secondary content to the appropriate content indices are made and the process proceeds to a content merging processes before proceeding to step  930  where, based upon the content categories, all required occurrences of a secondary content pointer in the databases associated with the content categories “Private”, “Team”, “Enterprise”, and “Public.” In this manner a first user generating an annotation to a Title within “Team” category of association results in pointers to the annotation being generated and stored rather than repetitions of the annotation made to multiple databases. For example, the “Team” database may therefore comprise locations of annotations and their respective generating users so that the annotations may be retrieved from the “Private” databases of the generating users rather than requiring these to be all inserted to a separate database of “Team” annotations to the Title. Where multiple annotations within a small region of the Title exist then these database entries may then provide the means for filtering based upon user input. Optionally, these annotations may be stored at least one of offline in remote servers, stored offline in local servers, or stored locally. 
         [0171]    It would be evident that the user may select two or more categories in process step  925  such as for example “Team” and “Project” so that other members of the user&#39;s team can see the secondary content relating to a specific aspect of the “Project.” Additionally, electing two categories allows such content to be available to the user when, in this example, the “Project” terminates and the curator removes that access to the users forming the project team. From step  930  the process proceeds to step  935  wherein a second user, User 2, logs-in to the software application and/or software system and selects the primary content, namely the Title, which they wish to access. The SS-SA then retrieves in step  940  the license information relating to the second user. In step  945  the primary content to which the second user is licensed, as this may be a license to part of a Title as opposed to the whole Title, is accessed and depending upon whether a preceding session of the second user exists the primary content is either retrieved from a predetermined location within the Title or from the last point of the second user&#39;s last session according to the preferences of the second user. 
         [0172]    In step  950  the SS-SA retrieves the private secondary content of the user associated with the primary content before proceeding to step  955  to retrieve enterprise secondary content according to the licensing rights established for the user such as discussed above in respect of  FIGS. 8A through 8E  respectively above and  FIG. 13  below. As discussed secondary content may be allocate to one or more classes of a plurality of classes such as private, team, project, enterprise, and public for example or alternatively being published with different rights requirements of the user to access. 
         [0173]    Due to an enterprise requiring a user to be part of multiple teams and/or projects the second user is prompted within step  960  by the software application and/or software system, where the retrieved secondary content has multiple classes, as to whether they wish to refine the secondary content which will be rendered with the primary content. If not the process moves to step  970  wherein the process determines whether there is priority content that has not been previously viewed by the user and prompts the user as to whether they wish to view this priority content or not. If the user elects to apply a filter on the secondary content then the process moves to step  965  wherein the software application and/or software system presents the user with a list of classes relating to the secondary content and receives their selection before proceeding to step  970 . 
         [0174]    In step  970  the user determines whether to view this priority content or not, where if not the process proceeds to step  975  and the primary and secondary content are merged and rendered to the user. If the user determines to view priority secondary content then the process moves to step  980  wherein an item of primary content and its associated priority secondary content are merged and rendered to the user and the process moves to step  985 . At this point the user may comment on the priority annotation or not, if not the process proceeds to step  995  to determine whether additional items of priority secondary content remain to be presented to the user. If the user determines to add a comment then the process moves to step  990  wherein the user adds any comments that they wish to make which are then processed by the SS-SA such that they are fed back to the author and added as secondary content extension to the priority secondary content wherein the process moves to step  995 . 
         [0175]    If remaining priority secondary content remains the process returns to step  980  otherwise it proceeds to step  975  wherein the primary and secondary content are merged and rendered to the user and the process stops. It would be evident to one skilled in the art that user actions in respect of the secondary content may be logged as part of the monitoring activities of the SS-SA. Accordingly where the user elects not to view priority secondary content that this decision is stored as are any activities with respect to secondary content. It would be evident to one skilled in the art that at process step  975  where the primary and secondary content are merged, rendered and presented to the user that this may be performed in accordance with settings of the SS-SA which are either the default settings of the system, those of the publisher in relation to the primary content, or those established by the user. For example retrieving “War and Peace” may result in the content being retrieved and rendered to place the user as the location they previously stopped at whereas accessing “Consolidated Intellectual Property Statutes and Regulations with Related Materials 2012” may place the user at the table of contents. 
         [0176]    Optionally, the user may be presented with information relating to priority annotations upon entering the software system and/or software application rather than specifically accessing the primary content to which they relate. Accordingly, the user may be presented with those titles to which they have licenses that have new priority annotations together with information such as quantity it etc. A user may then access the secondary content relating to one or more primary content sources in isolation of retrieving each primary content source as well as performing other functions such as flagging all priority annotations as read etc. It would also be evident that some priority annotations may be established as very high priority, for example, such that the user cannot flag these as read or otherwise without actually opening them. The ability to create such very high priority annotations may be restricted to specific users and/or curator. 
         [0177]    It would also be evident to one skilled in the art that the second user may also be prompted as to whether they wish to source public annotations in addition to the private, team, project, and enterprise class annotations. Accordingly, based upon the number of classes the user may elect to filter different combinations of these based upon their activity. It would also be evident that for each class or for a combined sub-set of the plurality of classes that the second user may also apply secondary filters. This may be automatically presented to the user or be accessed through an “Advanced” feature in a preceding menu option or be settable as a user preference within the software application and/or software system rather than requiring it be defined each time the user accesses a new Title. 
         [0178]    Referring to  FIG. 10  there is depicted a schematic according to an embodiment of the invention relating to a SS-SA providing the CogniStore™ functions of storing, retrieving, merging, and rendering primary and secondary content to a user with multiple software systems. As depicted a first server cluster  1000 A comprises primary server  1050 B, secondary server  1050 C, licensing server  1050 C, and first software system server  1050 A. Primary server  1050 B stores the Titles, primary content, released by publishers and stored within the server systems of the software system provider which may of any format including scanned images  1005 A, computer generated images  1010 A, video  1015 A, audio signals  1020 A, hand drawn content  1025 A, PDF&#39;s  1030 , text  1035 A, hand written text  1040 A, and non-Indo European languages  1045 A. Similarly, secondary server  1050 C stores the secondary content generated by users in association with the primary content. Such secondary content may be of any format including scanned images  1005 B, computer generated images  1010 B, video  1015 B, audio signals  1020 B, hand drawn content  1025 B, PDF&#39;s  1030 , text  1035 B, hand written text  1040 B, and non-Indo European languages  1045 B. Accordingly, primary content of a Title and the secondary content may be of arbitrary multimedia content generated by the user of acquired from other sources including the Internet. 
         [0179]    The primary content and secondary content stored upon the primary and secondary servers  1050 B and  1050 C respectively is direct to and retrieved from the software system in execution on the first software system server  1050 A under the direction of the software system. The software system also directs to and retrieves from licensing data from the licensing server  1050 D. First software system server  1050 A is connected to a network  1000  to which are connected first to third electronic devices  1060  to  1080  respectively. Also connected to the network  1000  are second and third software system servers  1050 B and  1050 C respectively which provide geographically distributed server clusters receiving, storing, and retrieving primary and secondary content to the first and third electronic devices  1060  to  1080  which are executing the software application upon them. 
         [0180]    Now referring to  FIG. 11  there is depicted a flowchart  1100  according to an embodiment of the invention relating to a SS-SA executing the rendering of merged primary and secondary content to a user as outlined in  FIG. 10 . Accordingly the process begins at step  1110  wherein a user logs-in to the software system via a software application in execution upon an electronic device they are using and then requests a Title in step  1120  wherein the software system retrieves content from the primary content storage  1195 A, such as primary server  1050 B in  FIG. 10 , and secondary content storage  1195 B, such as secondary server  1050 C in  FIG. 10 . As discussed within the specification the primary content retrieved is filtered based upon the user license and the secondary content is filtered based upon both the user license and user settings relating to classes of secondary content etc. This retrieved content is merged in step  1130  and is then rendered for subsequent transmission in step  1140  wherein in step  1150  it is fingerprinted, encrypted, and transmitted to the user&#39;s electronic device. The software application upon the user&#39;s electronic device receives the rendered, fingerprinted, and encrypted content and then decrypts it, stores it, and presents it to the user allowing the user to view the primary and secondary content plus add new annotations, filter annotations, turn annotations on/off, search etc. Discussion of the fingerprinting and encrypting of content is discussed below in respect of  FIG. 12 . 
         [0181]    Next in step  1160  the user elects to change their location (viewpoint) in the Title, such as depicted below in respect of  FIG. 12  which triggers transmittal of new viewpoint information to be transmitted from the software application to the software system in order for the software system to determine what additional primary and secondary content should be retrieved from the primary content storage  1195 A and secondary content storage  1195 B respectively. Accordingly the additional retrieved primary and secondary content is merged and rendered in step  1180  wherein it is fingerprinted, encrypted and transmitted to the user&#39;s electronic device. It would be evident to one skilled in the art that the process steps  1160  through  1190  would be repeated as the user browses, reads, or moves through the Title. 
         [0182]    It would also be evident to one skilled in the art that the steps of transmitting new view information, retrieval, merging, rendering, fingerprinting, encrypting and transmitting the new content would be performed where the user whilst accessing a Title makes another selection or adjustment to their preferences. Such preferences including for example but not limited to adjusting team, project, enterprise, public filter settings for secondary content, adding new secondary content, and searching. 
         [0183]    Now referring to  FIG. 12  there is depicted dynamic migration of a user&#39;s viewing window within retrieved merged primary and secondary content in response to a characteristic of the user according to an embodiment of the invention to provide improved continuity of the user movement through the primary/secondary content over the prior art. Accordingly, in first view  1200 A a user is accessing the software system  1230  from an electronic device, not shown for clarity, wherein the software system  1230  retrieves content  1240 A comprising primary content from the primary content storage  1210  and secondary content from the secondary content storage  1220 . These, as discussed above in respect of  FIGS. 10 and 11  are merged and rendered prior to being fingerprinted with first fingerprint  1215 A, retrieved from key server  1225 , and then encrypted with key  1237 A. Of the content  1240 A retrieved, merged, rendered, fingerprinted, encrypted and transmitted to the user&#39;s electronic device the viewer is presented with window  1260 A representing that portion of the merged and rendered content that can be displayed in the display of the user&#39;s electronic device. The remainder of the content  1240 A is depicted by prior portion  1250 A and subsequent portion  1270 A representing portions of the content that precede and follow the content displayed within the window. 
         [0184]    Next in second view  1200 B the user has elected to scroll through the content such that the electronic device now displays first new window  1260 B to the user, being part of the subsequent content. Accordingly, the software application on the electronic device transmits a request for additional content to the software system  1230  which triggers additional requests to the primary content storage  1210  and secondary content storage  1220 . This new primary and secondary content is merged and rendered prior to being fingerprinted with second fingerprint  1215 B and then encrypted with second key  1237 B. As shown in second view  1200 B this new content is represented by new content  1290 A whilst the software application deletes dumped portion  1280 A, and displays second window  1260 B. Remaining portions of the prior portion  1250 A and subsequent portion  1270 A in first view  1200 A are depicted as first and second residual portions  1250 B and  1270 B respectively. 
         [0185]    Second view  1200 B represents a slow scroll by the user through the Title, whereas third view  1200 C represents a faster scrolling process. Accordingly, the software application on the electronic device transmits a request for additional content to the software system  1230  which triggers additional requests to the primary content storage  1210  and secondary content storage  1220 . This new primary and secondary content is merged and rendered prior to being fingerprinted with third fingerprint  1215 C and then encrypted with third key  1237 C. As shown in third view  1200 C this is represented by new content  1290 B. There is no remaining prior portion as this has been deleted completely. The content which remains is third window  1260 C and subsequent portion  1270 C. 
         [0186]    Accordingly, as the user increases an aspect of scrolling, such as for example, speed of finger motion on a touch sensitive display or multiple repeated scrolling motions, the software application adjusts the requests to the software system and essentially slides the viewer window, depicted by first to third windows  1260 A through  1260 C respectively, within the retrieved content  1240 A through  1240 C respectively. It would also be evident to the user that the amount of content retrieved between first, second and third views  1200 A through  1200 C respectively may be varied according to characteristics of the user&#39;s scrolling as well as in dependence of other factors including but not limited to, device display characteristics, characteristics of rendered content in the direction of scrolling, and transmission data rate between the software application and the software system. 
         [0187]    Within descriptions of embodiments of the invention encryption is referred to for transmitting the merged and rendered primary and secondary content from the software system to the software application in execution upon the user&#39;s electronic device wherein the received content is decrypted. Alternatively, the encryption described in respect of content transmittal may be implemented through different protocols including, for example, Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS). This may be used to automatically encrypt content data being transmitted with SS-AS specific encryption occurring on the Client&#39;s device automatically within the reader software upon its receipt so that the content is encrypted on the Client&#39;s device. It would be evident to one skilled in the art that embodiments of the invention may exploit one or more of the encryption/decryption techniques known within the prior art as well as those established in future. It would also be evident that the encryption/decryption techniques and/or key/algorithm complexity may vary according to factors including, but not limited to, the primary content, the secondary content, the network, the user&#39;s enterprise, and user preference. 
         [0188]    Within the descriptions of embodiments of the invention reference is made to fingerprinting the merged and rendered content prior to its encryption and transmission to the user&#39;s electronic device for decryption and display. Within computer science, a fingerprinting algorithm normally refers to a procedure that maps an arbitrarily large data item (such as a computer file) to a much shorter bit string, its fingerprint, that uniquely identifies the original data for all practical purposes just as human fingerprints uniquely identify people for practical purposes. Fingerprints are typically used to avoid the comparison and transmission of bulky data such as for instance, a web browser or proxy server can efficiently check whether a remote file has been modified, by fetching only its fingerprint and comparing it with that of the previously fetched copy. However, with respect to some embodiments of the invention we refer to fingerprint functions as high-performance hash functions used to uniquely identify substantial blocks of data where cryptographic hash functions may be unnecessary or are complemented with the fingerprint. Within other embodiments of the invention fingerprinting refers to embedding data for source tracing. A fingerprint is embedded into the merged and rendered digital content at the point, or each point of distribution. If a copy of the work is found later, then the fingerprint may be retrieved from the copy and the source of the distribution is known. It would be evident to one skilled in the art that the fingerprint may be derived from a variety of information including, but not limited to, the CogniUser™ ID of the user to whom the merged and rendered content is intended, data relating to the electronic device to which the content is delivered, time, date, pseudo-randomly generated codes which are stored within a database on the software system servers with cross-reference to CogniUser™ ID etc, images, multimedia content, mathematically generated keys. 
         [0189]    It would be evident to one skilled in the art that each transmission of primary and secondary content may include one, two, or more fingerprints. These fingerprints may be imperceptible, if the original cover signal and the marked signal are (close to) perceptually indistinguishable, or perceptible if its presence in the marked signal is noticeable, but non-intrusive. Typically, the length of the embedded message determines two different main classes of digital watermarking schemes, zero-bit and n-bit streams. Where the message is conceptually zero-bit long and the system is designed in order to detect the presence or the absence of the watermark in the marked object then these fingerprinting schemes are usually referred to as zero-bit or presence fingerprinting schemes. Sometimes, this type of fingerprinting scheme is called 1-bit watermark, because a 1 denotes the presence (and a 0 the absence) of a fingerprint in any verification detection system. Where the message is an n-bit-long stream m=m 1  . . . m n , nεN, with n=|m| or M={0,1} n  and is modulated in the fingerprint. These kinds of schemes usually are referred to as multiple-bit fingerprinting or non-zero-bit fingerprinting schemes. 
         [0190]    According to embodiments of the invention different techniques for embodiment of the fingerprint may employed. These may include, for example, spread-spectrum techniques, establishing marked data obtained by an additive modification of the original content with the fingerprint; quantization techniques, establishing marked data obtained by quantization; and amplitude modulation, and establishing marked data obtained by additive modification in a manner to spread spectrum techniques but is embedded in the spatial domain. 
         [0191]    Referring to  FIG. 13  there is depicted a flowchart  1300  according to an embodiment of the invention for a curator assigning a new user access rights to primary content and subsequently assigning their secondary rights. As depicted flowchart  1300  comprises 11 together with their associated elements to/from each level of Client, Customer, Publisher, CogniSync™, and CogniStore™. These steps being: 
         [0192]      13 A. User Request: where a user requests from a curator access to a Title. For example, the curator may be a librarian within an enterprise and the user may be an employee or partner of the enterprise. 
         [0193]      13 B. Licensing: is done by the Customer using the Title Reference and a Title Request from the curator to send this to the CogniSync™ wherein this data is employed in conjunction with a valid account, defined through a CogniUser™ ID in step  13 C. 
         [0194]      13 C. Generate License: uses the Licensing Data in conjunction with the Title Content and Title Container to generate a customised version of the Title Content and Title Container that has fingerprinting embedded within both structures where the customization relates to one or more aspects of the Licensing Data. The external License Reference is then sent on behalf of the publisher to the Customer&#39;s specified email(s) used when registering their account and may be an individual user or an enterprise&#39;s curator for example. 
         [0195]      13 D. Registering License: is the next step which taken by the Customer supplying CogniSync™ with the CogniUser™ ID of the user at the time of acceptance of the License, thereby accepting delivery of the content. 
         [0196]      13 E. Set License Manager: is the process in which CogniSync™ delivers the License to the Client recording the association, and allowing the CogniStore™ computer system to track delivery as the Accepted License. Additionally the License Details are now sent to the CogniUser™ ID for confirmation. 
         [0197]    Additional elements and steps within the user registration and licensing process as described with respect to steps  13 A through  13 E have not been described for simplicity of the descriptions of the activities within flowchart  1300 . Many of these are described above in respect of  FIGS. 8A through 8E . 
         [0198]      13 F. Project Group Request: in this step the user requests access to a project either as part of their ongoing activities or as a review of previous activities. This request is transmitted to the curator thereby triggering steps  13 G Licensing,  13 H Generate License, and  13 I Registering License. These steps being essentially the same as steps  13 B through  13 D as discussed above in respect of flowchart  1300 . 
         [0199]      13 J. User Secondary Status Updated: the result of the steps  13 G through  13 J is that the user may now access secondary content relating to the Title originally requested in step  13 A which is classed with the project identity to which their license was extended. 
         [0200]    Now referring to  FIG. 14  there are depicted prior art solutions to scroll bars in documents having content larger than can be displayed in a single screen rendering. First image  1400 A depicts a screen  1430  on an electronic device  1405  having vertical scroll bar  1415  and horizontal scroll bar  1420  in conjunction with rendering window  1410  upon which content is presented to the user. Due to the dimensions of the full content the rendering window  1410  cannot display it all thereby requiring that the user uses the scroll sliders  1425  with each of the vertical scroll bar  1415  and horizontal scroll bar  1420  to view the full content. Rendering window  1410  may be thought of as a portal through which the full content can be viewed in part. Unlike a conventional portal that moves relative to the object the scroll sliders effectively move the full content around with a fixed portal. Adjustments to the size of the screen  1430  or different dimensions of the full content result in the selectivity of the scroll sliders within each of the vertical scroll bar  1415  and horizontal scroll bar  1420  varying. 
         [0201]    Within the prior art the relative size of scroll slider  1425  to vertical scroll bar  1425  reduces in direct relation to the ratio of the rendering window  1410  relative to the vertical dimension of the full content as shown by first and second scroll bars  1440  and  1450  within second image  1400 B. The same occurring for the horizontal slider. In first scroll bar  1440  the ratio between the window within which content is rendered and the content is not too large and accordingly the scroll slider  1445  is relatively large with respect to first scroll bar  1440 . In second scroll bar this ratio has increased resulting in a smaller scroll slider  1455  with respect to the second scroll bar  1450 . The range of each of first and second scroll bars  1440  and  1450  being the same as denoted by range marker  1480 . As such for a large document a small scroll slider results making its manipulation difficult, and accordingly some prior art solutions reduce the scroll slider linearly until a predetermined minimum dimension is reached. 
         [0202]    However, locating where the user is within a large document with a small rendering window  1410  to the dimensions of the content with the prior art approach of first image  1400 A. As such third and fourth scroll bars  1460  and  1470  within second image  1400 B depicts another prior art approach. In third scroll bar  1460  as the user moves the third scroll slide  1490  a first pop-up window  1465  appears denoting that the user is currently viewing content on the 15 th  page of 20 pages overall. As such when the user moves the scroll slider further as denoted by fourth scroll slide  1475  in fourth scroll bar  1470  this pop-up window changes to second pop-up window  1495  indicating the user is now at the 2 nd  page of 20. However, whilst the user is provided with an indication of the page that does not provide them with any additional context of their location in the content as would be beneficial where a Title may be 20, 100, 500, 1000 pages. Additionally, there is no additional information that a section within the Title the user seeks is only a small part of a page whereas other sections of the Title are multiple pages long. 
         [0203]    Referring to  FIG. 15  there are depicted first to fourth scroll bars  1510 A to  1510 D respectively according to an embodiment of the invention wherein the functionality and display of the scroll bar vary in dependence upon a characteristic of the user&#39;s action with the software application rendering content to the user. First scroll bar  1510 A depicts the scroll bar according to an embodiment of the invention under a first user motion  1514  of the scroll slider  1516  wherein a first pop-up window  1512  appears, in this instance denoting that the user is at page 125 of 346. Now referring to second scroll bar  1510 B depicts the scroll bar according to an embodiment of the invention under a second user motion  1524  of the scroll slider  1526  wherein a second pop-up window  1522  appears, in this instance denoting that the user is at “Section 3.1.1.” 
         [0204]    Further, referring third scroll bar  1530  depicts the scroll bar according to an embodiment of the invention under a third user motion  1534  of the scroll slider  1536  wherein third and fourth pop-up windows  1532  and  1538  appear. Third pop-up window  1532  denoting that the user is at “Section 3.1” whilst fourth pop-up window  1538  displays the local hierarchy of the Title to the user based upon their location within the Title. The software application keeps the fourth pop-up window  1538  active for a period of time thereby allowing the user to move and select an item in the fourth pop-up window  1538  and skip to that section without trying to find it by scrolling with hit-and-miss results. Finally, referring fourth scroll bar  1540  depicts the scroll bar according to an embodiment of the invention under a fourth user motion  1544  of the scroll slider  1546  wherein fifth and sixth pop-up windows  1542  and  1548  appear. Fifth pop-up window  1542  denoting that the user is at “Section 2” whilst sixth pop-up window  1548  displays a higher level hierarchy of the Title to the user based upon their location within the Title. The software application keeps the sixth pop-up window  1548  active for a period of time thereby allowing the user to move and select an item in the sixth pop-up window  1548  and skip to that section. 
         [0205]    Optionally, the movement of a cursor to or touch-screen action within an area of an item within the hierarchy displayed in sixth pop-up window  1548  results in any hierarchy below that element being displayed to the user such that for example “Section 3” expands to depict the hierarchy of this section such as listed in fourth pop-up window  1538 . Alternatively fourth pop-up window  1538  may modify also based upon the movement of a cursor to or touch-screen action within an area of an item within the local hierarchy such that a linear swipe motion, for example, results in the local hierarchy scrolling according to the linear swipe motion such as shown in seventh pop-up window  1550  wherein the user has scrolled down resulting in Section 2 being displayed with part of Section 3 where the user was previously presented with the local hierarchy. It would be evident that the data presented in the pop-up windows may be shortened form of the hierarchy information or full extraction of the data for the hierarchy. Within the example shown the hierarchy is based upon the table of contents (TOC) but it would be evident to one skilled in the art that the hierarchy may be other information either derived from information provided by the publisher or generated during the processing of the Title by the software system upon its release by the publisher. 
         [0206]    Referring to  FIG. 16  there is depicted a process flow chart  1600  for a dynamically reconfigured scroll bar to a user such as described in  FIG. 15  above according to an embodiment of the invention. Accordingly in step  1605  the process begins with the user engaging the slider, for example, through a swipe motion of the user such that in step  1610  the software application determines characteristics of the swipe motion and displays the slider marker in step  1615 . In this manner rather than permanently displaying the slider it is displayed upon motion of the user which may be determined in step  1610  to be different to the normal slow scrolling motion of the user when reading through the Title content. From step  1615  the process proceeds to step  1620  wherein a characteristic of the user swipe, for example the speed of the swipe or the overall range of the swipe, exceeds a first threshold wherein the proceeds to step  1635  if it is exceeded and freezes the retrieval process, i.e. communications to the software system to retrieve additional primary and secondary content and retrieving local merged and rendered content, or proceeds to step  1625  wherein the slider marker of the slider is moved in response to the user action and the page data is provided through a pop-up window and the process proceeds to step  1630 . In step  1630  the new slider marker location is transmitted to the software system and the process proceeds to step  1680  wherein new primary and secondary content is retrieved in dependence of the new slider marker location which is then merged, rendered, fingerprinted, encrypted and transmitted to the user&#39;s electronic device. 
         [0207]    Where the characteristic of the user swipe exceeded the first threshold and the process proceeded to step  1635  it then proceeds to step  1640  to determine if the characteristic of the user swipe exceeds a second threshold or not wherein if so the process proceeds to determine in step  1645  whether the characteristic of the user swipe exceeds a third threshold. Based upon the determinations against the second and third thresholds the process proceeds to one of steps  1650 ,  1655  and  1660 . In step  1650  the slider marker is moved in response to the user&#39;s actions, the pop-up window t with the section location information is displayed and the process proceeds to step  1630 . In step  1655  the slider marker is moved in response to the user&#39;s actions, the pop-up window with the section location information is displayed together with the local TOC and the process proceeds to step  1665  to determine whether the user selects an item from the local TOC displayed within the pop-up window or stops moving (releases) the slider marker. Similarly, in step  1660  the slider marker is moved in response to the user&#39;s actions, the pop-up window with the TOC information is displayed and the process proceeds to step  1670  to determine whether the user selects an item from the TOC displayed within the pop-up window or stops moving (releases) the slider marker. In steps  1665  and  1670  a determination that the user has released the slider results in the process proceeding to step  1630  wherein the new location is transmitted and the process proceeds to step  1680  to retrieve the new content for display. If, however, the determination was that the user selected an item within the local hierarchy or TOC then the process proceeds to step  1675  wherein data relating to the selected element is transmitted to the software system and the process proceeds to step  1680  for retrieval of the new content. 
         [0208]    It would be evident to one skilled in the art that the process flow  1600  may be expanded such as discussed above in respect of  FIG. 15  to present the pop-up windows representing the TOC in a temporarily present manner such that the user may select items within the pop-up window, scroll within the TOC, or expand the TOC. 
         [0209]    Referring to  FIG. 17  there is depicted an indexing of primary content according to an embodiment of the invention such as described below in respect of  FIGS. 18 and 19 . Accordingly, a Title  1710  is received by the software system and indexed wherein terms within the Title are isolated and their locations defined within the resulting Title Index  1770 . Accordingly, Title  1710  comprises header information  1720 , preceding content  1730 , and subsequent content  1740  to the content  1750  shown. Accordingly, occurrences of every unique term  1760  are captured and entered into Title Index  1770  in fields  1790  together with associated Title information section  1780 . As shown the Title Index  1770  defines the locations of “Application”, “Canada”, and “Person” as unique terms as well as Title terms such as “28”, “(1)”, “(a)”, etc. Accordingly, a full index of the Title is generated by the software system upon release of the Title and stored so that searching can be performed rapidly and with contextual search forms currently unavailable within the prior art. 
         [0210]    According to an embodiment of the invention all unique terms in Title are captured in the Title Index. For each of the preceding content  1730 , subsequent content  1740 , and content  1750  within the Title the location of each term within the content is captured. Accordingly, the term index comprises a structure such as that shown below and as shown in the examples presented in Table 1. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Examples of Table Index Entries and Structure 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 [table Content Section list] 
                 1730 = 28.1 . . . 
               
               
                 content id, content title 
                 1750 = 28.2(1) Subject Matter Not 
               
               
                   
                 Previously Disclosed 
               
               
                   
                 1740 = 28.2(2) . . . 
               
               
                 [table terms] 
                 1 = application 
               
               
                   
                 2 = Canada 
               
               
                   
                 3 = 3 = matter 
               
               
                   
                 4 = person 
               
               
                   
                 5 = subject 
               
               
                   
                 6 = the 
               
               
                 [table Content Section meta] 
                 1730 = . . . 
               
               
                 ;; content id, list of term ids 
                 1750 = 6, 5, 4, . . . , 1, . . . 2, . . . 1 . . . 
               
               
                 in order of occurrence 
                 1740 = . . . 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0211]    Now referring to  FIG. 18  there is depicted the indexing of primary and secondary content according to an embodiment of the invention wherein a Title  1810  has been released by a publisher and indexed by the software system to yield Title Index  1830 . Subsequently, a user has licensed the Title and added an annotation  1820  to the section depicted. Once the annotation has been added then this is transmitted to the software system wherein it is indexed to generated Secondary Content Index  1840 . Secondary Content Index  1840  includes a header  1850  which refers to the Title but also to the name of the user adding the annotation and the CogniUser™ ID. As shown the index is structured differently in that the terms are referenced by both their location within the annotation “[1]” for “Canada” but also the location of the annotation within the Title “[‘by’(180);‘(A)’(181)]”. Additionally the class of annotation is denoted by “{Pvt}” and a numeric number “Ann#122” denotes that this is the 122nd annotation of the user within the Title. Accordingly searches may be performed for occurrences of words, terms, etc within annotations as well as within the content of the Title and these may be filtered based upon other factors, including but not limited to, user identity and class. 
         [0212]    According to an embodiment of the invention the location of an annotation/secondary content is given by the content section identifier and its word position within that content section. The content section metadata provides the word location by finding the highlighted content with the content section metadata. The highlighted terms are not indexed, just the range of highlighted terms (e.g. term position 10 to 11) are retained. Unique terms in an annotation note are added to the terms table. An Annotation metadata table is also maintained to store the term identities in order of occurrence within the annotation note using a structure such as that shown below and as shown in the examples presented in Table 2. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Examples of Table Index Entries and Structure 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 [table of Annotation] 
                 122 = private, [1750, 5, 7], 
               
               
                 ;; id; type, position (content id, position), 
                 “Canada rules similar to 
               
               
                 note, timestamp 
                 US . . . by person 
               
               
                   
                 (2003-11-11)”, 
               
               
                   
                 2012-02-16 10:12:12 
               
               
                 [table of Annotation Types] 
                 private = private, yellow, 
               
               
                 ;; name, access, formatting, . . . 
               
               
                 [table of Annotation meta] 
                 122 = 2, . . . , 4, 
               
               
                 ;; annotation id, list of term ids in order 
               
               
                 of occurrence in annotation note 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0213]    Referring to  FIG. 19  there is depicted a flowchart  1900  according to an embodiment of the invention for indexing primary and secondary content. Accordingly in step  1905  a Title is received from a publisher together with in step  1910  a list of fields, such as a Table of Contents (TOC). Next in step  1915  all unique terms within the Title are indexed such as depicted above in respect of  FIGS. 18 and 19  followed by indexing the terms from the fields provided by the publisher in step  1920 . Next in step  1925  these terms from the fields are indexed throughout the full content of the Title. Indexing the terms from the fields provides the user with the ability to search and find occurrences of these fields within the Title. Next in step  1930  the indexing of the terms from the fields is verified and then the full index is released in step  1935 . 
         [0214]    Subsequently in step  1940  a user purchases the title and in step  1945  adds an annotation to the Title which is then anchored in step  1950  to the Title using index data, such as depicted above in  FIG. 18  by the “[‘by’(180);‘(A)’(181)].” Next in step  1955  the annotation is indexed to generate a secondary content index associated with the user and the Title such as depicted by Secondary Content Index  1840  in  FIG. 18  above. All such annotations, and user Secondary Content Indices  1840 , are then stored within the software system so that subsequent retrievals by the user and others who has access rights to the annotations of the user are able to retrieve them merged and rendered with the primary content. Subsequently the user adds a highlight, step  1960 , to the primary content which is stored as an annotation with a format such as depicted below in respect of (1) and anchored in step  1965 . 
         [0000]      HGHLT{Yellow} [“( iv )”(334);“application”(357)]  (1)
 
         [0215]    Subsequently a user wishes to search within the primary and secondary content of the Title and enters their search terms in step  1970  before in step  1975  they select a search type which may be provided through the user selecting one or more options from a list including, for example but not limited to, zone, field search, term, proximity, phrase, and annotations. Within the context of this specification a zone may be established as regions of the Title such as title, preamble, contents, and appendices for example. Next in step  1980  the search results are returned and presented to the user in selected format in step  1985 . Such selected formats may include for example, but not limited to, a tabulate list and highlighted markings within the Title which the user can step through to find an occurrence that they want. 
         [0216]    Referring to  FIG. 20  there are depicted in first image  2000 A first to third screens  2010  to  2030  arising from a search in a primary content with a search system according to the prior art. Entry of a search term or search phrase results in the search tool displaying a first screen  2010  representing the first occurrence of the search term or search phrase within the primary content. Subsequent occurrences of the search term or search phrase are presented to the user in second and third screens  2020  and  2030  respectively where the search engine within the application rendering the content to the user searches sequentially to each occurrence after the user selects a next option. Within the prior art the user may search for a single term or a phrase. However, in second image  2000 B a screen arising from a search of a primary content with a software application according to an embodiment of the invention is presented. As depicted the user has searched for first term (T1) “Canada” and second term (T2) “Patent” but has selected an option wherein the distance between first term T1 and second term T2 is less than 7 words apart, i.e. (T1)−(T2)&gt;−7. It would be evident to one skilled in the art that the order may also be specified, i.e. (T1)−(T2)&lt;−7 defines first term T1 to occur prior to second term T2. As a complete index of the primary content it would be evident therefore that such a search simply requires that the complete index is processed for these terms and that establishing the distance between words is now a simple matter. However, as the locations of occurrences are now known from the complete index the software application can recover text at each occurrence and present multiple occurrences at once to the user as depicted in second screen  2020 . The number of occurrences displayed and their manner may be varied according to preferences of the user and/or defaults of the software application. For example the first and second terms T1 and T2 may be highlighted, the retrieved content may be defined by structure and content, or the search terms may be limited to one or other of the primary content and secondary content or both. 
         [0217]    It would be evident to one skilled in the art that the embodiments of the invention with respect to searching and indexing are to address that at present the majority of the information access and retrieval is done through human readable storage and contains redundant information. The independent file structures discussed above in respect of  FIGS. 17 through 19  and below are intended to allow increased file sizes to be handled for full content indexing without significantly impacting, and potentially reducing, load times and requirements for information access. 
         [0218]    Design assumptions within the methodologies according to embodiments of the invention include:
       sub-documents of the Title can be removed from a containing document so that their contents, primary content, can be loaded quickly based upon the network characteristics, Title, electronic device, user rights, secondary content etc;
           this could cause issues with formatting if the primary content cannot be loaded linearly;   this allows for little to no string manipulation within the primary content unlike the prior art; and   a minimal loading approach can supply speed and efficiency;   
           document ID is used potentially only during versioning, as such Document ID is not generally used within the electronic device but this may be an extension to deal with versioning and annotations, so that annotations can be automatically shared between the same version for multiple users and multiple versions for multiple users. Extending versioning would allow annotations to be “rolled-back” with versions of the Title so that a user can see the annotations at a particular version or point in time;   searches are generally remade to make use of the more detailed memory structure of the document and full indexing for primary content and all secondary content which may be dynamic in instances of public content, crowd sourcing etc;   generally document divisions instigated by the publisher have no real meaning for uniqueness when dealing with proximity or phrase searches and rendering primary and secondary content;   typically searches have no “look back” approach but only forward looking searches whereas searches according to embodiments of the invention with indexing of primary and secondary content by date, time, user, version etc (see for example Ann#122 {Pvt} [1] [‘by’(180);‘(A)’(181)]{01032012-171538) in  FIG. 19  wherein the annotation was added at 17:15:38 pm on Jan. 3, 2012; and   fields do not typically span documents, this is so that a search {fd: definition “word1” “word2”: proximity @9} does not span two or more documents. In this instance the search seeks to find two words “word1” and “word2” in a forward proximity search from the current location wherein the words must be within 9 terms of each other; and   fields may contain other fields.       
 
         [0229]    Specific details are given in the above description to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments. However, it is understood that the embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. For example, well-known circuits, processes, algorithms, structures, and techniques may be shown without unnecessary detail in order to avoid obscuring the embodiments. 
         [0230]    Also, it is noted that the embodiments may be described as a process which is depicted as a flowchart, a flow diagram, a data flow diagram, a structure diagram, or a block diagram. Although a flowchart may describe the operations as a sequential process, many of the operations can be performed in parallel or concurrently. In addition, the order of the operations may be rearranged. A process is terminated when its operations are completed, but could have additional steps not included in the figure. A process may correspond to a method, a function, a procedure, a subroutine, a subprogram, etc. When a process corresponds to a function, its termination corresponds to a return of the function to the calling function or the main function. 
         [0231]    Furthermore, embodiments may be implemented by hardware, software, scripting languages, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description languages and/or any combination thereof. When implemented in software, firmware, middleware, scripting language and/or microcode, the program code or code segments to perform the necessary tasks may be stored in a machine readable medium, such as a storage medium. A code segment or machine-executable instruction may represent a procedure, a function, a subprogram, a program, a routine, a subroutine, a module, a software package, a script, a class, or any combination of instructions, data structures and/or program statements. A code segment may be coupled to another code segment or a hardware circuit by passing and/or receiving information, data, arguments, parameters and/or memory contents. Information, arguments, parameters, data, etc. may be passed, forwarded, or transmitted via any suitable means including memory sharing, message passing, token passing, network transmission, etc. 
         [0232]    For a firmware and/or software implementation, the methodologies may be implemented with modules (e.g., procedures, functions, and so on) that perform the functions described herein. Any machine-readable medium tangibly embodying instructions may be used in implementing the methodologies described herein. For example, software codes may be stored in a memory. Memory may be implemented within the processor or external to the processor and may vary in implementation where the memory is employed in storing software codes for subsequent execution to that when the memory is employed in executing the software codes. As used herein the term “memory” refers to any type of long term, short term, volatile, nonvolatile, or other storage medium and is not to be limited to any particular type of memory or number of memories, or type of media upon which memory is stored. 
         [0233]    Moreover, as disclosed herein, the term “storage medium” may represent one or more devices for storing data, including read only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic RAM, core memory, magnetic disk storage mediums, optical storage mediums, flash memory devices and/or other machine readable mediums for storing information. The term “machine-readable medium” includes, but is not limited to portable or fixed storage devices, optical storage devices, wireless channels and/or various other mediums capable of storing, containing or carrying instruction(s) and/or data. 
         [0234]    The methodologies described herein are, in one or more embodiments, performable by a machine which includes one or more processors that accept code segments containing instructions. For any of the methods described herein, when the instructions are executed by the machine, the machine performs the method. Any machine capable of executing a set of instructions (sequential or otherwise) that specify actions to be taken by that machine are included. Thus, a typical machine may be exemplified by a typical processing system that includes one or more processors. Each processor may include one or more of a CPU, a graphics-processing unit, and a programmable DSP unit. The processing system further may include a memory subsystem including main RAM and/or a static RAM, and/or ROM. A bus subsystem may be included for communicating between the components. If the processing system requires a display, such a display may be included, e.g., a liquid crystal display (LCD). If manual data entry is required, the processing system also includes an input device such as one or more of an alphanumeric input unit such as a keyboard, a pointing control device such as a mouse, and so forth. 
         [0235]    The memory includes machine-readable code segments (e.g. software or software code) including instructions for performing, when executed by the processing system, one of more of the methods described herein. The software may reside entirely in the memory, or may also reside, completely or at least partially, within the RAM and/or within the processor during execution thereof by the computer system. Thus, the memory and the processor also constitute a system comprising machine-readable code. 
         [0236]    In alternative embodiments, the machine operates as a standalone device or may be connected, e.g., networked to other machines, in a networked deployment, the machine may operate in the capacity of a server or a client machine in server-client network environment, or as a peer machine in a peer-to-peer or distributed network environment. The machine may be, for example, a computer, a server, a cluster of servers, a cluster of computers, a web appliance, a distributed computing environment, a cloud computing environment, or any machine capable of executing a set of instructions (sequential or otherwise) that specify actions to be taken by that machine. The term “machine” may also be taken to include any collection of machines that individually or jointly execute a set (or multiple sets) of instructions to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein. 
         [0237]    The foregoing disclosure of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Many variations and modifications of the embodiments described herein will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art in light of the above disclosure. The scope of the invention is to be defined only by the claims appended hereto, and by their equivalents. 
         [0238]    Further, in describing representative embodiments of the present invention, the specification may have presented the method and/or process of the present invention as a particular sequence of steps. However, to the extent that the method or process does not rely on the particular order of steps set forth herein, the method or process should not be limited to the particular sequence of steps described. As one of ordinary skill in the art would appreciate, other sequences of steps may be possible. Therefore, the particular order of the steps set forth in the specification should not be construed as limitations on the claims. In addition, the claims directed to the method and/or process of the present invention should not be limited to the performance of their steps in the order written, and one skilled in the art can readily appreciate that the sequences may be varied and still remain within the spirit and scope of the present invention.