PATENT DOCUMENT

Abstract:
A device includes two touch sensitive displays. Particular display device (e.g., balloons, pop-up windows, tooltips, etc.) can be displayed in the two touch sensitive displays. However, in some circumstances, presenting the display device may cause problems interfacing with or viewing data on the device. Thus, the device can determine if presenting the display device in a proposed location will cause difficulties for the user. If such difficulties are predicted, the device may move the display of the display device to the other touch sensitive display.

Full Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
       [0001]    The present application is a continuation of and claims priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/629,415, filed Sep. 27, 2012, of the same title, which claims the benefits of and priority, under 35 U.S.C. §119(e), to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/539,884, filed Sep. 27, 2011, entitled “MOBILE DEVICE,” and the aforementioned applications are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety for all that they teach and for all purposes. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND 
       [0002]    A substantial number of handheld computing devices, such as cellular phones, tablets, and E-Readers, make use of a touch screen display not only to deliver display information to the user but also to receive inputs from user interface commands. While touch screen displays may increase the configurability of the handheld device and provide a wide variety of user interface options, this flexibility typically comes at a price. The dual use of the touch screen to provide content and receive user commands, while flexible for the user, may obfuscate the display and cause visual clutter, thereby leading to user frustration and loss of productivity. 
         [0003]    The small form factor of handheld computing devices requires a careful balancing between the displayed graphics and the area provided for receiving inputs. On the one hand, the small display constrains the display space, which may increase the difficulty of interpreting actions or results. On the other, a virtual keypad or other user interface scheme is superimposed on or positioned adjacent to an executing application, requiring the application to be squeezed into an even smaller portion of the display. 
         [0004]    This balancing act is particularly difficult for single display touch screen devices. Single display touch screen devices are crippled by their limited screen space. When users are entering information into the device, through the single display, the ability to interpret information in the display can be severely hampered, particularly when a complex interaction between display and interface is required. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0005]    There is a need for a dual multi-display handheld computing device that provides for enhanced power and/or versatility compared to conventional single display handheld computing devices. These and other needs are addressed by the various aspects, embodiments, and/or configurations of the present disclosure. Also, while the disclosure is presented in terms of exemplary embodiments, it should be appreciated that individual aspects of the disclosure can be separately claimed. 
         [0006]    Additionally, it is desirable to have the multi-display device that can use either display when the device is closed. Thus, the user, based on the user&#39;s desires, can take better advantage of the phones capabilities. The device can have at least two screens that face in opposite directions when closed. A primary screen may be used for most applications. However, the user, or by some other input or event, can change the display to a secondary screen. Thus, the display may be provided on the opposite screen facing the opposite direction. 
         [0007]    A device includes two touch sensitive displays. Particular display device (e.g., balloons, pop-up windows, tooltips, etc.) can be displayed in the two touch sensitive displays. However, in some circumstances, presenting the display device may cause problems interfacing with or viewing data on the device. Thus, the device can determine if presenting the display device in a proposed location will cause difficulties for the user. If such difficulties are predicted, the device may move the display of the display device to the other touch sensitive display. 
         [0008]    The phrases “at least one”, “one or more”, and “and/or” are open-ended expressions that are both conjunctive and disjunctive in operation. For example, each of the expressions “at least one of A, B and C”, “at least one of A, B, or C”, “one or more of A, B, and C”, “one or more of A, B, or C” and “A, B, and/or C” means A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, or A, B and C together. 
         [0009]    The term “a” or “an” entity refers to one or more of that entity. As such, the terms “a” (or “an”), “one or more” and “at least one” can be used interchangeably herein. It is also to be noted that the terms “comprising”, “including”, and “having” can be used interchangeably. 
         [0010]    The term “automatic” and variations thereof, as used herein, refers to any process or operation done without material human input when the process or operation is performed. However, a process or operation can be automatic, even though performance of the process or operation uses material or immaterial human input, if the input is received before performance of the process or operation. Human input is deemed to be material if such input influences how the process or operation will be performed. Human input that consents to the performance of the process or operation is not deemed to be “material”. 
         [0011]    The term “computer-readable medium” as used herein refers to any tangible storage and/or transmission medium that participate in providing instructions to a processor for execution. Such a medium may take many forms, including but not limited to, non-volatile media, volatile media, and transmission media. Non-volatile media includes, for example, NVRAM, or magnetic or optical disks. Volatile media includes dynamic memory, such as main memory. Common forms of computer-readable media include, for example, a floppy disk, a flexible disk, hard disk, magnetic tape, or any other magnetic medium, magneto-optical medium, a CD-ROM, any other optical medium, punch cards, paper tape, any other physical medium with patterns of holes, a RAM, a PROM, and EPROM, a FLASH-EPROM, a solid state medium like a memory card, any other memory chip or cartridge, a carrier wave as described hereinafter, or any other medium from which a computer can read. A digital file attachment to e-mail or other self-contained information archive or set of archives is considered a distribution medium equivalent to a tangible storage medium. When the computer-readable media is configured as a database, it is to be understood that the database may be any type of database, such as relational, hierarchical, object-oriented, and/or the like. Accordingly, the disclosure is considered to include a tangible storage medium or distribution medium and prior art-recognized equivalents and successor media, in which the software implementations of the present disclosure are stored. 
         [0012]    The term “desktop” refers to a metaphor used to portray systems. A desktop is generally considered a “surface” that typically includes pictures, called icons, widgets, folders, etc. that can activate show applications, windows, cabinets, files, folders, documents, and other graphical items. The icons are generally selectable to initiate a task through user interface interaction to allow a user to execute applications or conduct other operations. 
         [0013]    The term “screen,” “touch screen,” or “touchscreen” refers to a physical structure that includes one or more hardware components that provide the device with the ability to render a user interface and/or receive user input. A screen can encompass any combination of gesture capture region, a touch sensitive display, and/or a configurable area. The device can have one or more physical screens embedded in the hardware. However a screen may also include an external peripheral device that may be attached and detached from the device. In embodiments, multiple external devices may be attached to the device. Thus, in embodiments, the screen can enable the user to interact with the device by touching areas on the screen and provides information to a user through a display. The touch screen may sense user contact in a number of different ways, such as by a change in an electrical parameter (e.g., resistance or capacitance), acoustic wave variations, infrared radiation proximity detection, light variation detection, and the like. In a resistive touch screen, for example, normally separated conductive and resistive metallic layers in the screen pass an electrical current. When a user touches the screen, the two layers make contact in the contacted location, whereby a change in electrical field is noted and the coordinates of the contacted location calculated. In a capacitive touch screen, a capacitive layer stores electrical charge, which is discharged to the user upon contact with the touch screen, causing a decrease in the charge of the capacitive layer. The decrease is measured, and the contacted location coordinates determined. In a surface acoustic wave touch screen, an acoustic wave is transmitted through the screen, and the acoustic wave is disturbed by user contact. A receiving transducer detects the user contact instance and determines the contacted location coordinates. 
         [0014]    The term “display” refers to a portion of one or more screens used to display the output of a computer to a user. A display may be a single-screen display or a multi-screen display, referred to as a composite display. A composite display can encompass the touch sensitive display of one or more screens. A single physical screen can include multiple displays that are managed as separate logical displays. Thus, different content can be displayed on the separate displays although part of the same physical screen. 
         [0015]    The term “displayed image” refers to an image produced on the display. A typical displayed image is a window or desktop. The displayed image may occupy all or a portion of the display. 
         [0016]    The term “display orientation” refers to the way in which a rectangular display is oriented by a user for viewing. The two most common types of display orientation are portrait and landscape. In landscape mode, the display is oriented such that the width of the display is greater than the height of the display (such as a 4:3 ratio, which is 4 units wide and 3 units tall, or a 16:9 ratio, which is 16 units wide and 9 units tall). Stated differently, the longer dimension of the display is oriented substantially horizontal in landscape mode while the shorter dimension of the display is oriented substantially vertical. In the portrait mode, by contrast, the display is oriented such that the width of the display is less than the height of the display. Stated differently, the shorter dimension of the display is oriented substantially horizontal in the portrait mode while the longer dimension of the display is oriented substantially vertical. 
         [0017]    The term “composite display” refers to a logical structure that defines a display that can encompass one or more screens. A multi-screen display can be associated with a composite display that encompasses all the screens. The composite display can have different display characteristics based on the various orientations of the device. 
         [0018]    The term “gesture” refers to a user action that expresses an intended idea, action, meaning, result, and/or outcome. The user action can include manipulating a device (e.g., opening or closing a device, changing a device orientation, moving a trackball or wheel, etc.), movement of a body part in relation to the device, movement of an implement or tool in relation to the device, audio inputs, etc. A gesture may be made on a device (such as on the screen) or with the device to interact with the device. 
         [0019]    The term “module” as used herein refers to any known or later developed hardware, software, firmware, artificial intelligence, fuzzy logic, or combination of hardware and software that is capable of performing the functionality associated with that element. 
         [0020]    The term “gesture capture” refers to a sense or otherwise a detection of an instance and/or type of user gesture. The gesture capture can occur in one or more areas of the screen, A gesture region can be on the display, where it may be referred to as a touch sensitive display or off the display where it may be referred to as a gesture capture area. 
         [0021]    A “multi-screen application” or “multiple-display application” refers to an application that is capable of multiple modes. The multi-screen application mode can include, but is not limited to, a single screen mode (where the application is displayed on a single screen) or a composite display mode (where the application is displayed on two or more screens). A multi-screen application can have different layouts optimized for the mode. Thus, the multi-screen application can have different layouts for a single screen or for a composite display that can encompass two or more screens. The different layouts may have different screen/display dimensions and/or configurations on which the user interfaces of the multi-screen applications can be rendered. The different layouts allow the application to optimize the application&#39;s user interface for the type of display, e.g., single screen or multiple screens. In single screen mode, the multi-screen application may present one window pane of information. In a composite display mode, the multi-screen application may present multiple window panes of information or may provide a larger and a richer presentation because there is more space for the display contents. The multi-screen applications may be designed to adapt dynamically to changes in the device and the mode depending on which display (single or composite) the system assigns to the multi-screen application. In alternative embodiments, the user can use a gesture to request the application transition to a different mode, and, if a display is available for the requested mode, the device can allow the application to move to that display and transition modes. 
         [0022]    A “single-screen application” refers to an application that is capable of single screen mode. Thus, the single-screen application can produce only one window and may not be capable of different modes or different display dimensions. A single-screen application may not be capable of the several modes discussed with the multi-screen application. 
         [0023]    The term “window” refers to a, typically rectangular, displayed image on at least part of a display that contains or provides content different from the rest of the screen. The window may obscure the desktop. 
         [0024]    The terms “determine”, “calculate” and “compute,” and variations thereof, as used herein, are used interchangeably and include any type of methodology, process, mathematical operation or technique. 
         [0025]    It shall be understood that the term “means” as used herein shall be given its broadest possible interpretation in accordance with 35 U.S.C., Section 112, Paragraph 6. Accordingly, a claim incorporating the term “means” shall cover all structures, materials, or acts set forth herein, and all of the equivalents thereof. Further, the structures, materials or acts and the equivalents thereof shall include all those described in the summary of the invention, brief description of the drawings, detailed description, abstract, and claims themselves. 
         [0026]    The preceding is a simplified summary of the disclosure to provide an understanding of some aspects of the disclosure. This summary is neither an extensive nor exhaustive overview of the disclosure and its various aspects, embodiments, and/or configurations. It is intended neither to identify key or critical elements of the disclosure nor to delineate the scope of the disclosure but to present selected concepts of the disclosure in a simplified form as an introduction to the more detailed description presented below. As will be appreciated, other aspects, embodiments, and/or configurations of the disclosure are possible utilizing, alone or in combination, one or more of the features set forth above or described in detail below. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0027]      FIG. 1A  includes a first view of an embodiment of a multi-screen user device; 
           [0028]      FIG. 1B  includes a second view of an embodiment of a multi-screen user device; 
           [0029]      FIG. 1C  includes a third view of an embodiment of a multi-screen user device; 
           [0030]      FIG. 1D  includes a fourth view of an embodiment of a multi-screen user device; 
           [0031]      FIG. 1E  includes a fifth view of an embodiment of a multi-screen user device; 
           [0032]      FIG. 1F  includes a sixth view of an embodiment of a multi-screen user device; 
           [0033]      FIG. 1G  includes a seventh view of an embodiment of a multi-screen user device; 
           [0034]      FIG. 1H  includes a eighth view of an embodiment of a multi-screen user device; 
           [0035]      FIG. 1I  includes a ninth view of an embodiment of a multi-screen user device; 
           [0036]      FIG. 1J  includes a tenth view of an embodiment of a multi-screen user device; 
           [0037]      FIG. 2  is a block diagram of an embodiment of the hardware of the device; 
           [0038]      FIG. 3A  is a block diagram of an embodiment of the state model for the device based on the device&#39;s orientation and/or configuration; 
           [0039]      FIG. 3B  is a table of an embodiment of the state model for the device based on the device&#39;s orientation and/or configuration; 
           [0040]      FIG. 4A  is a first representation of an embodiment of user gesture received at a device; 
           [0041]      FIG. 4B  is a second representation of an embodiment of user gesture received at a device; 
           [0042]      FIG. 4C  is a third representation of an embodiment of user gesture received at a device; 
           [0043]      FIG. 4D  is a fourth representation of an embodiment of user gesture received at a device; 
           [0044]      FIG. 4E  is a fifth representation of an embodiment of user gesture received at a device; 
           [0045]      FIG. 4F  is a sixth representation of an embodiment of user gesture received at a device; 
           [0046]      FIG. 4G  is a seventh representation of an embodiment of user gesture received at a device; 
           [0047]      FIG. 4H  is a eighth representation of an embodiment of user gesture received at a device; 
           [0048]      FIG. 5A  is a block diagram of an embodiment of the device software and/or firmware; 
           [0049]      FIG. 5B  is a second block diagram of an embodiment of the device software and/or firmware; 
           [0050]      FIG. 6A  is a first representation of an embodiment of a device configuration generated in response to the device state; 
           [0051]      FIG. 6B  is a second representation of an embodiment of a device configuration generated in response to the device state; 
           [0052]      FIG. 6C  is a third representation of an embodiment of a device configuration generated in response to the device state; 
           [0053]      FIG. 6D  is a fourth representation of an embodiment of a device configuration generated in response to the device state; 
           [0054]      FIG. 6E  is a fifth representation of an embodiment of a device configuration generated in response to the device state; 
           [0055]      FIG. 6F  is a sixth representation of an embodiment of a device configuration generated in response to the device state; 
           [0056]      FIG. 6G  is a seventh representation of an embodiment of a device configuration generated in response to the device state; 
           [0057]      FIG. 6H  is a eighth representation of an embodiment of a device configuration generated in response to the device state; 
           [0058]      FIG. 6I  is a ninth representation of an embodiment of a device configuration generated in response to the device state; 
           [0059]      FIG. 6J  is a tenth representation of an embodiment of a device configuration generated in response to the device state; 
           [0060]      FIG. 7A  is representation of a logical window stack; 
           [0061]      FIG. 7B  is another representation of an embodiment of a logical window stack; 
           [0062]      FIG. 7C  is another representation of an embodiment of a logical window stack; 
           [0063]      FIG. 7D  is another representation of an embodiment of a logical window stack; 
           [0064]      FIG. 7E  is another representation of an embodiment of a logical window stack; 
           [0065]      FIG. 8  is block diagram of an embodiment of a logical data structure for a window stack; 
           [0066]      FIG. 9  is a flow chart of an embodiment of a method for creating a window stack; 
           [0067]      FIG. 10  illustrates an exemplary method for managing the display of an email client application based on application mode and device configuration; 
           [0068]      FIG. 11  is a flow chart of an embodiment of a method for displaying a display device in a second touch sensitive display; 
           [0069]      FIG. 12  illustrates an exemplary user interface for a display device moved to a second touch sensitive display; 
           [0070]      FIG. 13  illustrates an exemplary user interface for a display device moved to a second touch sensitive display; 
           [0071]      FIG. 14  illustrates an exemplary user interface for determining whether a display device should be moved to a second touch sensitive display. 
       
    
    
       [0072]    In the appended figures, similar components and/or features may have the same reference label. Further, various components of the same type may be distinguished by following the reference label by a letter that distinguishes among the similar components. If only the first reference label is used in the specification, the description is applicable to any one of the similar components having the same first reference label irrespective of the second reference label. 
       DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0073]    Presented herein are embodiments of a device. The device can be a communications device, such as a cellular telephone, or other smart device. The device can include two screens that are oriented to provide several unique display configurations. Further, the device can receive user input in unique ways. The overall design and functionality of the device provides for an enhanced user experience making the device more useful and more efficient. 
         [0074]    Mechanical Features: 
         [0075]      FIGS. 1A-1J  illustrate a device  100  in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. As described in greater detail below, device  100  can be positioned in a number of different ways each of which provides different functionality to a user. The device  100  is a multi-screen device that includes a primary screen  104  and a secondary screen  108 , both of which are touch sensitive. In embodiments, the entire front surface of screens  104  and  108  may be touch sensitive and capable of receiving input by a user touching the front surface of the screens  104  and  108 . Primary screen  104  includes touch sensitive display  110 , which, in addition to being touch sensitive, also displays information to a user. Secondary screen  108  includes touch sensitive display  114 , which also displays information to a user. In other embodiments, screens  104  and  108  may include more than one display area. 
         [0076]    Primary screen  104  also includes a configurable area  112  that has been configured for specific inputs when the user touches portions of the configurable area  112 . Secondary screen  108  also includes a configurable area  116  that has been configured for specific inputs. Areas  112   a  and  116   a  have been configured to receive a “back” input indicating that a user would like to view information previously displayed. Areas  112   b  and  116   b  have been configured to receive a “menu” input indicating that the user would like to view options from a menu. Areas  112   c  and  116   c  have been configured to receive a “home” input indicating that the user would like to view information associated with a “home” view. In other embodiments, areas  112   a - c  and  116   a - c  may be configured, in addition to the configurations described above, for other types of specific inputs including controlling features of device  100 , some non-limiting examples including adjusting overall system power, adjusting the volume, adjusting the brightness, adjusting the vibration, selecting of displayed items (on either of screen  104  or  108 ), operating a camera, operating a microphone, and initiating/terminating of telephone calls. Also, in some embodiments, areas  112   a -C and  116   a -C may be configured for specific inputs depending upon the application running on device  100  and/or information displayed on touch sensitive displays  110  and/or  114 . 
         [0077]    In addition to touch sensing, primary screen  104  and secondary screen  108  may also include areas that receive input from a user without requiring the user to touch the display area of the screen. For example, primary screen  104  includes gesture capture area  120 , and secondary screen  108  includes gesture capture area  124 . These areas are able to receive input by recognizing gestures made by a user without the need for the user to actually touch the surface of the display area. In comparison to touch sensitive displays  110  and  114 , the gesture capture areas  120  and  124  are commonly not capable of rendering a displayed image. 
         [0078]    The two screens  104  and  108  are connected together with a hinge  128 , shown clearly in  FIG. 1C  (illustrating a back view of device  100 ). Hinge  128 , in the embodiment shown in  FIGS. 1A-1J , is a center hinge that connects screens  104  and  108  so that when the hinge is closed, screens  104  and  108  are juxtaposed (i.e., side-by-side) as shown in  FIG. 1B  (illustrating a front view of device  100 ). Hinge  128  can be opened to position the two screens  104  and  108  in different relative positions to each other. As described in greater detail below, the device  100  may have different functionalities depending on the relative positions of screens  104  and  108 . 
         [0079]      FIG. 1D  illustrates the right side of device  100 . As shown in  FIG. 1D , secondary screen  108  also includes a card slot  132  and a port  136  on its side. Card slot  132  in embodiments, accommodates different types of cards including a subscriber identity module (SIM). Port  136  in embodiments is an input/output port (I/O port) that allows device  100  to be connected to other peripheral devices, such as a display, keyboard, or printing device. As can be appreciated, these are merely some examples and in other embodiments device  100  may include other slots and ports such as slots and ports for accommodating additional memory devices and/or for connecting other peripheral devices. Also shown in  FIG. 1D  is an audio jack  140  that accommodates a tip, ring, sleeve (TRS) connector for example to allow a user to utilize headphones or a headset. 
         [0080]    Device  100  also includes a number of buttons  158 . For example,  FIG. 1E  illustrates the left side of device  100 . As shown in  FIG. 1E , the side of primary screen  104  includes three buttons  144 ,  148 , and  152 , which can be configured for specific inputs. For example, buttons  144 ,  148 , and  152  may be configured to, in combination or alone, control a number of aspects of device  100 . Some non-limiting examples include overall system power, volume, brightness, vibration, selection of displayed items (on either of screen  104  or  108 ), a camera, a microphone, and initiation/termination of telephone calls. In some embodiments, instead of separate buttons two buttons may be combined into a rocker button. This arrangement is useful in situations where the buttons are configured to control features such as volume or brightness. In addition to buttons  144 ,  148 , and  152 , device  100  also includes a button  156 , shown in  FIG. 1F , which illustrates the top of device  100 . In one embodiment, button  156  is configured as an on/off button used to control overall system power to device  100 . In other embodiments, button  156  is configured to, in addition to or in lieu of controlling system power, control other aspects of device  100 . In some embodiments, one or more of the buttons  144 ,  148 ,  152 , and  156  are capable of supporting different user commands. By way of example, a normal press has a duration commonly of less than about 1 second and resembles a quick tap. A medium press has a duration commonly of 1 second or more but less than about 12 seconds. A long press has a duration commonly of about 12 seconds or more. The function of the buttons is normally specific to the application that is currently in focus on the respective display  110  and  114 . In a telephone application for instance and depending on the particular button, a normal, medium, or long press can mean end call, increase in call volume, decrease in call volume, and toggle microphone mute. In a camera or video application for instance and depending on the particular button, a normal, medium, or long press can mean increase zoom, decrease zoom, and take photograph or record video. 
         [0081]    There are also a number of hardware components within device  100 . As illustrated in  FIG. 1C , device  100  includes a speaker  160  and a microphone  164 . Device  100  also includes a camera  168  ( FIG. 1B ). Additionally, device  100  includes two position sensors  172 A and  172 B, which are used to determine the relative positions of screens  104  and  108 . In one embodiment, position sensors  172 A and  172 B are Hall effect sensors. However, in other embodiments other sensors can be used in addition to or in lieu of the Hall effect sensors. An accelerometer  176  may also be included as part of device  100  to determine the orientation of the device  100  and/or the orientation of screens  104  and  108 . Additional internal hardware components that may be included in device  100  are described below with respect to  FIG. 2 . 
         [0082]    The overall design of device  100  allows it to provide additional functionality not available in other communication devices. Some of the functionality is based on the various positions and orientations that device  100  can have. As shown in  FIGS. 1B-1G , device  100  can be operated in an “open” position where screens  104  and  108  are juxtaposed. This position allows a large display area for displaying information to a user. When position sensors  172 A and  172 B determine that device  100  is in the open position, they can generate a signal that can be used to trigger different events such as displaying information on both screens  104  and  108 . Additional events may be triggered if accelerometer  176  determines that device  100  is in a portrait position ( FIG. 1B ) as opposed to a landscape position (not shown). 
         [0083]    In addition to the open position, device  100  may also have a “closed” position illustrated in  FIG. 1H . Again, position sensors  172 A and  172 B can generate a signal indicating that device  100  is in the “closed” position. This can trigger an event that results in a change of displayed information on screen  104  and/or  108 . For example, device  100  may be programmed to stop displaying information on one of the screens, e.g., screen  108 , since a user can only view one screen at a time when device  100  is in the “closed” position. In other embodiments, the signal generated by position sensors  172 A and  172 B, indicating that the device  100  is in the “closed” position, can trigger device  100  to answer an incoming telephone call. The “closed” position can also be a preferred position for utilizing the device  100  as a mobile phone. 
         [0084]    Device  100  can also be used in an “easel” position which is illustrated in  FIG. 11 . In the “easel” position, screens  104  and  108  are angled with respect to each other and facing outward with the edges of screens  104  and  108  substantially horizontal. In this position, device  100  can be configured to display information on both screens  104  and  108  to allow two users to simultaneously interact with device  100 . When device  100  is in the “easel” position, sensors  172 A and  172 B generate a signal indicating that the screens  104  and  108  are positioned at an angle to each other, and the accelerometer  176  can generate a signal indicating that device  100  has been placed so that the edge of screens  104  and  108  are substantially horizontal. The signals can then be used in combination to generate events that trigger changes in the display of information on screens  104  and  108 . 
         [0085]      FIG. 1J  illustrates device  100  in a “modified easel” position. In the “modified easel” position, one of screens  104  or  108  is used as a stand and is faced down on the surface of an object such as a table. This position provides a convenient way for information to be displayed to a user in landscape orientation. Similar to the easel position, when device  100  is in the “modified easel” position, position sensors  172 A and  172 B generate a signal indicating that the screens  104  and  108  are positioned at an angle to each other. The accelerometer  176  would generate a signal indicating that device  100  has been positioned so that one of screens  104  and  108  is faced downwardly and is substantially horizontal. The signals can then be used to generate events that trigger changes in the display of information of screens  104  and  108 . For example, information may not be displayed on the screen that is face down since a user cannot see the screen. 
         [0086]    Transitional states are also possible. When the position sensors  172 A and B and/or accelerometer indicate that the screens are being closed or folded (from open), a closing transitional state is recognized. Conversely when the position sensors  172 A and B indicate that the screens are being opened or folded (from closed), an opening transitional state is recognized. The closing and opening transitional states are typically time-based, or have a maximum time duration from a sensed starting point. Normally, no user input is possible when one of the closing and opening states is in effect. In this manner, incidental user contact with a screen during the closing or opening function is not misinterpreted as user input. In embodiments, another transitional state is possible when the device  100  is closed. This additional transitional state allows the display to switch from one screen  104  to the second screen  108  when the device  100  is closed based on some user input, e.g., a double tap on the screen  110 , 114 . 
         [0087]    As can be appreciated, the description of device  100  is made for illustrative purposes only, and the embodiments are not limited to the specific mechanical features shown in  FIGS. 1A-1J  and described above. In other embodiments, device  100  may include additional features, including one or more additional buttons, slots, display areas, hinges, and/or locking mechanisms. Additionally, in embodiments, the features described above may be located in different parts of device  100  and still provide similar functionality. Therefore,  FIGS. 1A-1J  and the description provided above are nonlimiting. 
         [0088]    Hardware Features: 
         [0089]      FIG. 2  illustrates components of a device  100  in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. In general, the device  100  includes a primary screen  104  and a secondary screen  108 . While the primary screen  104  and its components are normally enabled in both the opened and closed positions or states, the secondary screen  108  and its components are normally enabled in the opened state but disabled in the closed state. However, even when in the closed state a user or application triggered interrupt (such as in response to a phone application or camera application operation) can flip the active screen, or disable the primary screen  104  and enable the secondary screen  108 , by a suitable command. Each screen  104 ,  108  can be touch sensitive and can include different operative areas. For example, a first operative area, within each touch sensitive screen  104  and  108 , may comprise a touch sensitive display  110 ,  114 . In general, the touch sensitive display  110 ,  114  may comprise a full color, touch sensitive display. A second area within each touch sensitive screen  104  and  108  may comprise a gesture capture region  120 ,  124 . The gesture capture region  120 ,  124  may comprise an area or region that is outside of the touch sensitive display  110 ,  114  area, and that is capable of receiving input, for example in the form of gestures provided by a user. However, the gesture capture region  120 ,  124  does not include pixels that can perform a display function or capability. 
         [0090]    A third region of the touch sensitive screens  104  and  108  may comprise a configurable area  112 ,  116 . The configurable area  112 ,  116  is capable of receiving input and has display or limited display capabilities. In embodiments, the configurable area  112 ,  116  may present different input options to the user. For example, the configurable area  112 ,  116  may display buttons or other relatable items. Moreover, the identity of displayed buttons, or whether any buttons are displayed at all within the configurable area  112 ,  116  of a touch sensitive screen  104  or  108 , may be determined from the context in which the device  100  is used and/or operated. In an exemplary embodiment, the touch sensitive screens  104  and  108  comprise liquid crystal display devices extending across at least those regions of the touch sensitive screens  104  and  108  that are capable of providing visual output to a user, and a capacitive input matrix over those regions of the touch sensitive screens  104  and  108  that are capable of receiving input from the user. 
         [0091]    One or more display controllers  216   a ,  216   b  may be provided for controlling the operation of the touch sensitive screens  104  and  108 , including input (touch sensing) and output (display) functions. In the exemplary embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 2 , a separate touch screen controller  216   a  or  216   b  is provided for each touch screen  104  and  108 . In accordance with alternate embodiments, a common or shared touch screen controller  216  may be used to control each of the included touch sensitive screens  104  and  108 . In accordance with still other embodiments, the functions of a touch screen controller  216  may be incorporated into other components, such as a processor  204 . 
         [0092]    The processor  204  may comprise a general purpose programmable processor or controller for executing application programming or instructions. In accordance with at least some embodiments, the processor  204  may include multiple processor cores, and/or implement multiple virtual processors. In accordance with still other embodiments, the processor  204  may include multiple physical processors. As a particular example, the processor  204  may comprise a specially configured application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) or other integrated circuit, a digital signal processor, a controller, a hardwired electronic or logic circuit, a programmable logic device or gate array, a special purpose computer, or the like. The processor  204  generally functions to run programming code or instructions implementing various functions of the device  100 . 
         [0093]    A communication device  100  may also include memory  208  for use in connection with the execution of application programming or instructions by the processor  204 , and for the temporary or long term storage of program instructions and/or data. As examples, the memory  208  may comprise RAM, DRAM, SDRAM, or other solid state memory. Alternatively or in addition, data storage  212  may be provided. Like the memory  208 , the data storage  212  may comprise a solid state memory device or devices. Alternatively or in addition, the data storage  212  may comprise a hard disk drive or other random access memory. 
         [0094]    In support of communications functions or capabilities, the device  100  can include a cellular telephony module  228 . As examples, the cellular telephony module  228  can comprise a GSM, CDMA, FDMA and/or analog cellular telephony transceiver capable of supporting voice, multimedia and/or data transfers over a cellular network. Alternatively or in addition, the device  100  can include an additional or other wireless communications module  232 . As examples, the other wireless communications module  232  can comprise a Wi-Fi, BLUETOOTH™, WiMax, infrared, or other wireless communications link. The cellular telephony module  228  and the other wireless communications module  232  can each be associated with a shared or a dedicated antenna  224 . 
         [0095]    A port interface  252  may be included. The port interface  252  may include proprietary or universal ports to support the interconnection of the device  100  to other devices or components, such as a dock, which may or may not include additional or different capabilities from those integral to the device  100 . In addition to supporting an exchange of communication signals between the device  100  and another device or component, the docking port  136  and/or port interface  252  can support the supply of power to or from the device  100 . The port interface  252  also comprises an intelligent element that comprises a docking module for controlling communications or other interactions between the device  100  and a connected device or component. 
         [0096]    An input/output module  248  and associated ports may be included to support communications over wired networks or links, for example with other communication devices, server devices, and/or peripheral devices. Examples of an input/output module  248  include an Ethernet port, a Universal Serial Bus (USB) port, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 1394, or other interface. 
         [0097]    An audio input/output interface/device(s)  244  can be included to provide analog audio to an interconnected speaker or other device, and to receive analog audio input from a connected microphone or other device. As an example, the audio input/output interface/device(s)  244  may comprise an associated amplifier and analog to digital converter. Alternatively or in addition, the device  100  can include an integrated audio input/output device  256  and/or an audio jack for interconnecting an external speaker or microphone. For example, an integrated speaker and an integrated microphone can be provided, to support near talk or speaker phone operations. 
         [0098]    Hardware buttons  158  can be included for example for use in connection with certain control operations. Examples include a master power switch, volume control, etc., as described in conjunction with  FIGS. 1A through 1J . One or more image capture interfaces/devices  240 , such as a camera, can be included for capturing still and/or video images. Alternatively or in addition, an image capture interface/device  240  can include a scanner or code reader. An image capture interface/device  240  can include or be associated with additional elements, such as a flash or other light source. 
         [0099]    The device  100  can also include a global positioning system (GPS) receiver  236 . In accordance with embodiments of the present invention, the GPS receiver  236  may further comprise a GPS module that is capable of providing absolute location information to other components of the device  100 . An accelerometer(s)  176  may also be included. For example, in connection with the display of information to a user and/or other functions, a signal from the accelerometer  176  can be used to determine an orientation and/or format in which to display that information to the user. 
         [0100]    Embodiments of the present invention can also include one or more position sensor(s)  172 . The position sensor  172  can provide a signal indicating the position of the touch sensitive screens  104  and  108  relative to one another. This information can be provided as an input, for example to a user interface application, to determine an operating mode, characteristics of the touch sensitive displays  110 ,  114 , and/or other device  100  operations. As examples, a screen position sensor  172  can comprise a series of Hall effect sensors, a multiple position switch, an optical switch, a Wheatstone bridge, a potentiometer, or other arrangement capable of providing a signal indicating of multiple relative positions the touch screens are in. 
         [0101]    Communications between various components of the device  100  can be carried by one or more buses  222 . In addition, power can be supplied to the components of the device  100  from a power source and/or power control module  260 . The power control module  260  can, for example, include a battery, an AC to DC converter, power control logic, and/or ports for interconnecting the device  100  to an external source of power. 
         [0102]    Device State: 
         [0103]      FIGS. 3A and 3B  represent illustrative states of device  100 . While a number of illustrative states are shown, and transitions from a first state to a second state, it is to be appreciated that the illustrative state diagram may not encompass all possible states and/or all possible transitions from a first state to a second state. As illustrated in  FIG. 3 , the various arrows between the states (illustrated by the state represented in the circle) represent a physical change that occurs to the device  100 , that is detected by one or more of hardware and software, the detection triggering one or more of a hardware and/or software interrupt that is used to control and/or manage one or more functions of device  100 . 
         [0104]    As illustrated in  FIG. 3A , there are twelve exemplary “physical” states: closed  304 , transition  308  (or opening transitional state), easel  312 , modified easel  316 , open  320 , inbound/outbound call or communication  324 , image/video capture  328 , transition  332  (or closing transitional state), landscape  340 , docked  336 , docked  344  and landscape  348 . Next to each illustrative state is a representation of the physical state of the device  100  with the exception of states  324  and  328 , where the state is generally symbolized by the international icon for a telephone and the icon for a camera, respectfully. 
         [0105]    In state  304 , the device is in a closed state with the device  100  generally oriented in the portrait direction with the primary screen  104  and the secondary screen  108  back-to-back in different planes (see  FIG. 1H ). From the closed state, the device  100  can enter, for example, docked state  336 , where the device  100  is coupled with a docking station, docking cable, or in general docked or associated with one or more other devices or peripherals, or the landscape state  340 , where the device  100  is generally oriented with the primary screen  104  facing the user, and the primary screen  104  and the secondary screen  108  being back-to-back. 
         [0106]    In the closed state, the device can also move to a transitional state where the device remains closed by the display is moved from one screen  104  to another screen  108  based on a user input, e.g., a double tap on the screen  110 ,  114 . Still another embodiment includes a bilateral state. In the bilateral state, the device remains closed, but a single application displays at least one window on both the first display  110  and the second display  114 . The windows shown on the first and second display  110 ,  114  may be the same or different based on the application and the state of that application. For example, while acquiring an image with a camera, the device may display the view finder on the first display  110  and displays a preview for the photo subjects (full screen and mirrored left-to-right) on the second display  114 . 
         [0107]    In state  308 , a transition state from the closed state  304  to the semi-open state or easel state  312 , the device  100  is shown opening with the primary screen  104  and the secondary screen  108  being rotated around a point of axis coincidence with the hinge. Upon entering the easel state  312 , the primary screen  104  and the secondary screen  108  are separated from one another such that, for example, the device  100  can sit in an easel-like configuration on a surface. 
         [0108]    In state  316 , known as the modified easel position, the device  100  has the primary screen  104  and the secondary screen  108  in a similar relative relationship to one another as in the easel state  312 , with the difference being one of the primary screen  104  or the secondary screen  108  are placed on a surface as shown. 
         [0109]    State  320  is the open state where the primary screen  104  and the secondary screen  108  are generally on the same plane. From the open state, the device  100  can transition to the docked state  344  or the open landscape state  348 . In the open state  320 , the primary screen  104  and the secondary screen  108  are generally in the portrait-like orientation while in landscaped state  348  the primary screen  104  and the secondary screen  108  are generally in a landscape-like orientation. 
         [0110]    State  324  is illustrative of a communication state, such as when an inbound or outbound call is being received or placed, respectively, by the device  100 . While not illustrated for clarity, it should be appreciated the device  100  can transition to the inbound/outbound call state  324  from any state illustrated in  FIG. 3 . In a similar manner, the image/video capture state  328  can be entered into from any other state in  FIG. 3 , with the image/video capture state  328  allowing the device  100  to take one or more images via a camera and/or videos with a video capture device  240 . 
         [0111]    Transition state  322  illustratively shows primary screen  104  and the secondary screen  108  being closed upon one another for entry into, for example, the closed state  304 . 
         [0112]      FIG. 3B  illustrates, with reference to the key, the inputs that are received to detect a transition from a first state to a second state. In  FIG. 3B , various combinations of states are shown with in general, a portion of the columns being directed toward a portrait state  352 , a landscape state  356 , and a portion of the rows being directed to portrait state  360  and landscape state  364 . 
         [0113]    In  FIG. 3B , the Key indicates that “H” represents an input from one or more Hall Effect sensors, “A” represents an input from one or more accelerometers, “T” represents an input from a timer, “P” represents a communications trigger input and “I” represents an image and/or video capture request input. Thus, in the center portion  376  of the chart, an input, or combination of inputs, are shown that represent how the device  100  detects a transition from a first physical state to a second physical state. 
         [0114]    As discussed, in the center portion of the chart  376 , the inputs that are received enable the detection of a transition from, for example, a portrait open state to a landscape easel state—shown in bold—“HAT.” For this exemplary transition from the portrait open to the landscape easel state, a Hall Effect sensor (“H”), an accelerometer (“A”) and a timer (“T”) input may be needed. The timer input can be derived from, for example, a clock associated with the processor. 
         [0115]    In addition to the portrait and landscape states, a docked state  368  is also shown that is triggered based on the receipt of a docking signal  372 . As discussed above and in relation to  FIG. 3 , the docking signal can be triggered by the association of the device  100  with one or more other device  100 s, accessories, peripherals, smart docks, or the like. 
         [0116]    User Interaction: 
         [0117]      FIGS. 4A through 4H  depict various graphical representations of gesture inputs that may be recognized by the screens  104 ,  108 . The gestures may be performed not only by a user&#39;s body part, such as a digit, but also by other devices, such as a stylus, that may be sensed by the contact sensing portion(s) of a screen  104 ,  108 . In general, gestures are interpreted differently, based on where the gestures are performed (either directly on the display  110 ,  114  or in the gesture capture region  120 ,  124 ). For example, gestures in the display  110 , 114  may be directed to a desktop or application, and gestures in the gesture capture region  120 ,  124  may be interpreted as for the system. 
         [0118]    With reference to  FIGS. 4A-4H , a first type of gesture, a touch gesture  420 , is substantially stationary on the screen  104 , 108  for a selected length of time. A circle  428  represents a touch or other contact type received at particular location of a contact sensing portion of the screen. The circle  428  may include a border  432 , the thickness of which indicates a length of time that the contact is held substantially stationary at the contact location. For instance, a tap  420  (or short press) has a thinner border  432   a  than the border  432   b  for a long press  424  (or for a normal press). The long press  424  may involve a contact that remains substantially stationary on the screen for longer time period than that of a tap  420 . As will be appreciated, differently defined gestures may be registered depending upon the length of time that the touch remains stationary prior to contact cessation or movement on the screen. 
         [0119]    With reference to  FIG. 4C , a drag gesture  400  on the screen  104 , 108  is an initial contact (represented by circle  428 ) with contact movement  436  in a selected direction. The initial contact  428  may remain stationary on the screen  104 , 108  for a certain amount of time represented by the border  432 . The drag gesture typically requires the user to contact an icon, window, or other displayed image at a first location followed by movement of the contact in a drag direction to a new second location desired for the selected displayed image. The contact movement need not be in a straight line but have any path of movement so long as the contact is substantially continuous from the first to the second locations. 
         [0120]    With reference to  FIG. 4D , a flick gesture  404  on the screen  104 , 108  is an initial contact (represented by circle  428 ) with truncated contact movement  436  (relative to a drag gesture) in a selected direction. In embodiments, a flick has a higher exit velocity for the last movement in the gesture compared to the drag gesture. The flick gesture can, for instance, be a finger snap following initial contact. Compared to a drag gesture, a flick gesture generally does not require continual contact with the screen  104 , 108  from the first location of a displayed image to a predetermined second location. The contacted displayed image is moved by the flick gesture in the direction of the flick gesture to the predetermined second location. Although both gestures commonly can move a displayed image from a first location to a second location, the temporal duration and distance of travel of the contact on the screen is generally less for a flick than for a drag gesture. 
         [0121]    With reference to  FIG. 4E , a pinch gesture  408  on the screen  104 , 108  is depicted. The pinch gesture  408  may be initiated by a first contact  428   a  to the screen  104 , 108  by, for example, a first digit and a second contact  428   b  to the screen  104 , 108  by, for example, a second digit. The first and second contacts  428   a,b  may be detected by a common contact sensing portion of a common screen  104 , 108 , by different contact sensing portions of a common screen  104  or  108 , or by different contact sensing portions of different screens. The first contact  428   a  is held for a first amount of time, as represented by the border  432   a , and the second contact  428   b  is held for a second amount of time, as represented by the border  432   b . The first and second amounts of time are generally substantially the same, and the first and second contacts  428   a, b  generally occur substantially simultaneously. The first and second contacts  428   a, b  generally also include corresponding first and second contact movements  436   a, b , respectively. The first and second contact movements  436   a, b  are generally in opposing directions. Stated another way, the first contact movement  436   a  is towards the second contact  436   b , and the second contact movement  436   b  is towards the first contact  436   a . More simply stated, the pinch gesture  408  may be accomplished by a user&#39;s digits touching the screen  104 , 108  in a pinching motion. 
         [0122]    With reference to  FIG. 4F , a spread gesture  410  on the screen  104 , 108  is depicted. The spread gesture  410  may be initiated by a first contact  428   a  to the screen  104 , 108  by, for example, a first digit and a second contact  428   b  to the screen  104 , 108  by, for example, a second digit. The first and second contacts  428   a,b  may be detected by a common contact sensing portion of a common screen  104 , 108 , by different contact sensing portions of a common screen  104 , 108 , or by different contact sensing portions of different screens. The first contact  428   a  is held for a first amount of time, as represented by the border  432   a , and the second contact  428   b  is held for a second amount of time, as represented by the border  432   b . The first and second amounts of time are generally substantially the same, and the first and second contacts  428   a, b  generally occur substantially simultaneously. The first and second contacts  428   a, b  generally also include corresponding first and second contact movements  436   a, b , respectively. The first and second contact movements  436   a, b  are generally in a common direction. Stated another way, the first and second contact movements  436   a, b  are away from the first and second contacts  428   a, b . More simply stated, the spread gesture  410  may be accomplished by a user&#39;s digits touching the screen  104 , 108  in a spreading motion. 
         [0123]    The above gestures may be combined in any manner, such as those shown by  FIGS. 4G and 4H , to produce a determined functional result. For example, in  FIG. 4G  a tap gesture  420  is combined with a drag or flick gesture  412  in a direction away from the tap gesture  420 . In  FIG. 4H , a tap gesture  420  is combined with a drag or flick gesture  412  in a direction towards the tap gesture  420 . 
         [0124]    The functional result of receiving a gesture can vary depending on a number of factors, including a state of the device  100 , display  110 ,  114 , or screen  104 ,  108 , a context associated with the gesture, or sensed location of the gesture. The state of the device commonly refers to one or more of a configuration of the device  100 , a display orientation, and user and other inputs received by the device  100 . Context commonly refers to one or more of the particular application(s) selected by the gesture and the portion(s) of the application currently executing, whether the application is a single- or multi-screen application, and whether the application is a multi-screen application displaying one or more windows in one or more screens or in one or more stacks. Sensed location of the gesture commonly refers to whether the sensed set(s) of gesture location coordinates are on a touch sensitive display  110 ,  114  or a gesture capture region  120 ,  124 , whether the sensed set(s) of gesture location coordinates are associated with a common or different display or screen  104 , 108 , and/or what portion of the gesture capture region contains the sensed set(s) of gesture location coordinates. 
         [0125]    A tap, when received by an a touch sensitive display  110 ,  114 , can be used, for instance, to select an icon to initiate or terminate execution of a corresponding application, to maximize or minimize a window, to reorder windows in a stack, and to provide user input such as by keyboard display or other displayed image. A drag, when received by a touch sensitive display  110 ,  114 , can be used, for instance, to relocate an icon or window to a desired location within a display, to reorder a stack on a display, or to span both displays (such that the selected window occupies a portion of each display simultaneously). A flick, when received by a touch sensitive display  110 ,  114  or a gesture capture region  120 ,  124 , can be used to relocate a window from a first display to a second display or to span both displays (such that the selected window occupies a portion of each display simultaneously). Unlike the drag gesture, however, the flick gesture is generally not used to move the displayed image to a specific user-selected location but to a default location that is not configurable by the user. 
         [0126]    The pinch gesture, when received by a touch sensitive display  110 ,  114  or a gesture capture region  120 ,  124 , can be used to minimize or otherwise increase the displayed area or size of a window (typically when received entirely by a common display), to switch windows displayed at the top of the stack on each display to the top of the stack of the other display (typically when received by different displays or screens), or to display an application manager (a “pop-up window” that displays the windows in the stack). The spread gesture, when received by a touch sensitive display  110 ,  114  or a gesture capture region  120 ,  124 , can be used to maximize or otherwise decrease the displayed area or size of a window, to switch windows displayed at the top of the stack on each display to the top of the stack of the other display (typically when received by different displays or screens), or to display an application manager (typically when received by an off-screen gesture capture region on the same or different screens). 
         [0127]    The combined gestures of  FIG. 4G , when received by a common display capture region in a common display or screen  104 , 108 , can be used to hold a first window stack location in a first stack constant for a display receiving the gesture while reordering a second window stack location in a second window stack to include a window in the display receiving the gesture. The combined gestures of  FIG. 4H , when received by different display capture regions in a common display or screen  104 , 108  or in different displays or screens, can be used to hold a first window stack location in a first window stack constant for a display receiving the tap part of the gesture while reordering a second window stack location in a second window stack to include a window in the display receiving the flick or drag gesture. Although specific gestures and gesture capture regions in the preceding examples have been associated with corresponding sets of functional results, it is to be appreciated that these associations can be redefined in any manner to produce differing associations between gestures and/or gesture capture regions and/or functional results. 
         [0128]    Firmware and Software: 
         [0129]    The memory  508  may store and the processor  504  may execute one or more software components. These components can include at least one operating system (OS)  516 , an application manager  562 , a desktop  566 , and/or one or more applications  564   a  and/or  564   b  from an application store  560 . The OS  516  can include a framework  520 , one or more frame buffers  548 , one or more drivers  512 , previously described in conjunction with  FIG. 2 , and/or a kernel  518 . The OS  516  can be any software, consisting of programs and data, which manages computer hardware resources and provides common services for the execution of various applications  564 . The OS  516  can be any operating system and, at least in some embodiments, dedicated to mobile devices, including, but not limited to, Linux, ANDROID™, iPhone OS (IOS™), WINDOWS PHONE 7™, etc. The OS  516  is operable to provide functionality to the phone by executing one or more operations, as described herein. 
         [0130]    The applications  564  can be any higher level software that executes particular functionality for the user. Applications  564  can include programs such as email clients, web browsers, texting applications, games, media players, office suites, etc. The applications  564  can be stored in an application store  560 , which may represent any memory or data storage, and the management software associated therewith, for storing the applications  564 . Once executed, the applications  564  may be run in a different area of memory  508 . 
         [0131]    The framework  520  may be any software or data that allows the multiple tasks running on the device to interact. In embodiments, at least portions of the framework  520  and the discrete components described hereinafter may be considered part of the OS  516  or an application  564 . However, these portions will be described as part of the framework  520 , but those components are not so limited. The framework  520  can include, but is not limited to, a Multi-Display Management (MDM) module  524 , a Surface Cache module  528 , a Window Management module  532 , an Input Management module  536 , a Task Management module  540 , an Application Model Manager  542 , a Display Controller, one or more frame buffers  548 , a task stack  552 , one or more window stacks  550  (which is a logical arrangement of windows and/or desktops in a display area), and/or an event buffer  556 . 
         [0132]    The MDM module  524  includes one or more modules that are operable to manage the display of applications or other data on the screens of the device. An embodiment of the MDM module  524  is described in conjunction with  FIG. 5B . In embodiments, the MDM module  524  receives inputs from the other OS  516  components, such as, the drivers  512 , and from the applications  564  to determine continually the state of the device  100 . The inputs assist the MDM module  524  in determining how to configure and allocate the displays according to the application&#39;s preferences and requirements, and the user&#39;s actions. Once a determination for display configurations is made, the MDM module  524  can bind the applications  564  to a display. The configuration may then be provided to one or more other components to generate a window with a display. 
         [0133]    The Surface Cache module  528  includes any memory or storage and the software associated therewith to store or cache one or more images of windows. A series of active and/or non-active windows (or other display objects, such as, a desktop display) can be associated with each display. An active window (or other display object) is currently displayed. A non-active windows (or other display objects) were opened and, at some time, displayed but are now not displayed. To enhance the user experience, before a window transitions from an active state to an inactive state, a “screen shot” of a last generated image of the window (or other display object) can be stored. The Surface Cache module  528  may be operable to store a bitmap of the last active image of a window (or other display object) not currently displayed. Thus, the Surface Cache module  528  stores the images of non-active windows (or other display objects) in a data store. 
         [0134]    In embodiments, the Window Management module  532  is operable to manage the windows (or other display objects) that are active or not active on each of the displays. The Window Management module  532 , based on information from the MDM module  524 , the OS  516 , or other components, determines when a window (or other display object) is visible or not active. The Window Management module  532  may then put a non-visible window (or other display object) in a “not active state” and, in conjunction with the Task Management module Task Management  540  suspends the application&#39;s operation. Further, the Window Management module  532  may assign, through collaborative interaction with the MDM module  524 , a display identifier to the window (or other display object) or manage one or more other items of data associated with the window (or other display object). The Window Management module  532  may also provide the stored information to the application  564 , the Task Management module  540 , or other components interacting with or associated with the window (or other display object). The Window Management module  532  can also associate an input task with a window based on window focus and display coordinates within the motion space. 
         [0135]    The Input Management module  536  is operable to manage events that occur with the device. An event is any input into the window environment, for example, a user interface interactions with a user. The Input Management module  536  receives the events and logically stores the events in an event buffer  556 . Events can include such user interface interactions as a “down event,” which occurs when a screen  104 ,  108  receives a touch signal from a user, a “move event,” which occurs when the screen  104 ,  108  determines that a user&#39;s finger is moving across a screen(s), an “up event, which occurs when the screen  104 ,  108  determines that the user has stopped touching the screen  104 ,  108 , etc. These events are received, stored, and forwarded to other modules by the Input Management module  536 . The Input Management module  536  may also map screen inputs to a motion space which is the culmination of all physical and virtual display available on the device. 
         [0136]    The motion space is a virtualized space that includes all touch sensitive displays  110 , 114  “tiled” together to mimic the physical dimensions of the device  100 . For example, when the device  100  is unfolded, the motion space size may be 960×800, which may be the number of pixels in the combined display area for both touch sensitive displays  110 ,  114 . If a user touches on a first touch sensitive display  110  on location ( 40 ,  40 ), a full screen window can receive touch event with location ( 40 ,  40 ). If a user touches on a second touch sensitive display  114 , with location ( 40 ,  40 ), the full screen window can receive touch event with location ( 520 ,  40 ), because the second touch sensitive display  114  is on the right side of the first touch sensitive display  110 , so the device  100  can offset the touch by the first touch sensitive display&#39;s  110  width, which is 480 pixels. When a hardware event occurs with location info from a driver  512 , the framework  520  can up-scale the physical location to the motion space because the location of the event may be different based on the device orientation and state. The motion space may be as described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/187,026, filed Jul. 20, 2011, entitled “Systems and Methods for Receiving Gesture Inputs Spanning Multiple Input Devices,” which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety for all that it teaches and for all purposes. 
         [0137]    A task can be an application and a sub-task can be an application component that provides a window with which users can interact to do something, such as dial the phone, take a photo, send an email, or view a map. Each task may be given a window in which to draw a user interface. The window typically fills a display (for example, touch sensitive display  110 , 114 ), but may be smaller than the display  110 , 114  and float on top of other windows. An application usually consists of multiple sub-tasks that are loosely bound to each other. Typically, one task in an application is specified as the “main” task, which is presented to the user when launching the application for the first time. Each task can then start another task or sub-task to perform different actions. 
         [0138]    The Task Management module  540  is operable to manage the operation of one or more applications  564  that may be executed by the device. Thus, the Task Management module  540  can receive signals to launch, suspend, terminate, etc. an application or application sub-tasks stored in the application store  560 . The Task Management module  540  may then instantiate one or more tasks or sub-tasks of the application  564  to begin operation of the application  564 . Further, the Task Management Module  540  may launch, suspend, or terminate a task or sub-task as a result of user input or as a result of a signal from a collaborating framework  520  component. The Task Management Module  540  is responsible for managing the lifecycle of applications (tasks and sub-task) from when the application is launched to when the application is terminated. 
         [0139]    The processing of the Task Management Module  540  is facilitated by a task stack  552 , which is a logical structure associated with the Task Management Module  540 . The task stack  552  maintains the state of all tasks and sub-tasks on the device  100 . When some component of the operating system  516  requires a task or sub-task to transition in its lifecycle, the OS  516  component can notify the Task Management Module  540 . The Task Management Module  540  may then locate the task or sub-task, using identification information, in the task stack  552 , and send a signal to the task or sub-task indicating what kind of lifecycle transition the task needs to execute. Informing the task or sub-task of the transition allows the task or sub-task to prepare for the lifecycle state transition. The Task Management Module  540  can then execute the state transition for the task or sub-task. In embodiments, the state transition may entail triggering the OS kernel  518  to terminate the task when termination is required. 
         [0140]    Further, the Task Management module  540  may suspend the application  564  based on information from the Window Management Module  532 . Suspending the application  564  may maintain application data in memory but may limit or stop the application  564  from rendering a window or user interface. Once the application becomes active again, the Task Management module  540  can again trigger the application to render its user interface. In embodiments, if a task is suspended, the task may save the task&#39;s state in case the task is terminated. In the suspended state, the application task may not receive input because the application window is not visible to the user. 
         [0141]    The frame buffer  548  is a logical structure(s) used to render the user interface. The frame buffer  548  can be created and destroyed by the OS kernel  518 . However, the Display Controller  544  can write the image data, for the visible windows, into the frame buffer  548 . A frame buffer  548  can be associated with one screen or multiple screens. The association of a frame buffer  548  with a screen can be controlled dynamically by interaction with the OS kernel  518 . A composite display may be created by associating multiple screens with a single frame buffer  548 . Graphical data used to render an application&#39;s window user interface may then be written to the single frame buffer  548 , for the composite display, which is output to the multiple screens  104 , 108 . The Display Controller  544  can direct an application&#39;s user interface to a portion of the frame buffer  548  that is mapped to a particular display  110 , 114 , thus, displaying the user interface on only one screen  104  or  108 . The Display Controller  544  can extend the control over user interfaces to multiple applications, controlling the user interfaces for as many displays as are associated with a frame buffer  548  or a portion thereof. This approach compensates for the multiple physical screens  104 , 108  that are in use by the software component above the Display Controller  544 . 
         [0142]    The Application Manager  562  is an application that provides a presentation layer for the window environment. Thus, the Application Manager  562  provides the graphical model for rendering by the Task Management Module  540 . Likewise, the Desktop  566  provides the presentation layer for the Application Store  560 . Thus, the desktop provides a graphical model of a surface having selectable application icons for the Applications  564  in the Application Store  560  that can be provided to the Window Management Module  556  for rendering. 
         [0143]    Further, the framework can include an Application Model Manager (AMM)  542 . The Application Manager  562  may interface with the AMM  542 . In embodiments, the AMM  542  receives state change information from the device  100  regarding the state of applications (which are running or suspended). The AMM  542  can associate bit map images from the Surface Cache Module  528  to the tasks that are alive (running or suspended). Further, the AMM  542  can convert the logical window stack maintained in the Task Manager Module  540  to a linear (“film strip” or “deck of cards”) organization that the user perceives when the using the off gesture capture area  120  to sort through the windows. Further, the AMM  542  may provide a list of executing applications to the Application Manager  562 . 
         [0144]    An embodiment of the MDM module  524  is shown in  FIG. 5B . The MDM module  524  is operable to determine the state of the environment for the device, including, but not limited to, the orientation of the device, whether the device  100  is opened or closed, what applications  564  are executing, how the applications  564  are to be displayed, what actions the user is conducting, the tasks being displayed, etc. To configure the display, the MDM module  524  interprets these environmental factors and determines a display configuration, as described in conjunction with  FIGS. 6A-6J . Then, the MDM module  524  can bind the applications  564  or other device components to the displays. The configuration may then be sent to the Display Controller  544  and/or the other components within the OS  516  to generate the display. The MDM module  524  can include one or more of, but is not limited to, a Display Configuration Module  568 , a Preferences Module  572 , a Device State Module  574 , a Gesture Module  576 , a Requirements Module  580 , an Event Module  584 , and/or a Binding Module  588 . 
         [0145]    The Display Configuration Module  568  determines the layout for the display. In embodiments, the Display Configuration Module  568  can determine the environmental factors. The environmental factors may be received from one or more other MDM modules  524  or from other sources. The Display Configuration Module  568  can then determine from the list of factors the best configuration for the display. Some embodiments of the possible configurations and the factors associated therewith are described in conjunction with  FIGS. 6A-6F . 
         [0146]    The Preferences Module  572  is operable to determine display preferences for an application  564  or other component. For example, an application can have a preference for Single or Dual displays. The Preferences Module  572  can determine an application&#39;s display preference (e.g., by inspecting the application&#39;s preference settings) and may allow the application  564  to change to a mode (e.g., single screen, dual screen, max, etc.) if the device  100  is in a state that can accommodate the preferred mode. However, some user interface policies may disallow a mode even if the mode is available. As the configuration of the device changes, the preferences may be reviewed to determine if a better display configuration can be achieved for an application  564 . 
         [0147]    The Device State Module  574  is operable to determine or receive the state of the device. The state of the device can be as described in conjunction with  FIGS. 3A and 3B . The state of the device can be used by the Display Configuration Module  568  to determine the configuration for the display. As such, the Device State Module  574  may receive inputs and interpret the state of the device. The state information is then provided to the Display Configuration Module  568 . 
         [0148]    The Gesture Module  576  is shown as part of the MDM module  524 , but, in embodiments, the Gesture module  576  may be a separate Framework  520  component that is separate from the MDM module  524 . In embodiments, the Gesture Module  576  is operable to determine if the user is conducting any actions on any part of the user interface. In alternative embodiments, the Gesture Module  576  receives user interface actions from the configurable area  112 , 116  only. The Gesture Module  576  can receive touch events that occur on the configurable area  112 , 116  (or possibly other user interface areas) by way of the Input Management Module  536  and may interpret the touch events (using direction, speed, distance, duration, and various other parameters) to determine what kind of gesture the user is performing. When a gesture is interpreted, the Gesture Module  576  can initiate the processing of the gesture and, by collaborating with other Framework  520  components, can manage the required window animation. The Gesture Module  576  collaborates with the Application Model Manager  542  to collect state information with respect to which applications are running (active or paused) and the order in which applications must appear when a user gesture is performed. The Gesture Module  576  may also receive references to bitmaps (from the Surface Cache Module  528 ) and live windows so that when a gesture occurs it can instruct the Display Controller  544  how to move the window(s) across the display  110 , 114 . Thus, suspended applications may appear to be running when those windows are moved across the display  110 , 114 . 
         [0149]    Further, the Gesture Module  576  can receive task information either from the Task Manage Module  540  or the Input Management module  536 . The gestures may be as defined in conjunction with  FIGS. 4A through 4H . For example, moving a window causes the display to render a series of display frames that illustrate the window moving. The gesture associated with such user interface interaction can be received and interpreted by the Gesture Module  576 . The information about the user gesture is then sent to the Task Management Module  540  to modify the display binding of the task. 
         [0150]    The Requirements Module  580 , similar to the Preferences Module  572 , is operable to determine display requirements for an application  564  or other component. An application can have a set display requirement that must be observed. Some applications require a particular display orientation. For example, the application “Angry Birds” can only be displayed in landscape orientation. This type of display requirement can be determined or received, by the Requirements Module  580 . As the orientation of the device changes, the Requirements Module  580  can reassert the display requirements for the application  564 . The Display Configuration Module  568  can generate a display configuration that is in accordance with the application display requirements, as provided by the Requirements Module  580 . 
         [0151]    The Event Module  584 , similar to the Gesture Module  576 , is operable to determine one or more events occurring with an application or other component that can affect the user interface. Thus, the Event Module  584  can receive event information either from the event buffer  556  or the Task Management module  540 . These events can change how the tasks are bound to the displays. The Event Module  584  can collect state change information from other Framework  520  components and act upon that state change information. In an example, when the phone is opened or closed or when an orientation change has occurred, a new message may be rendered in a secondary screen. The state change based on the event can be received and interpreted by the Event Module  584 . The information about the events then may be sent to the Display Configuration Module  568  to modify the configuration of the display. 
         [0152]    The Binding Module  588  is operable to bind the applications  564  or the other components to the configuration determined by the Display Configuration Module  568 . A binding associates, in memory, the display configuration for each application with the display and mode of the application. Thus, the Binding Module  588  can associate an application with a display configuration for the application (e.g. landscape, portrait, multi-screen, etc.). Then, the Binding Module  588  may assign a display identifier to the display. The display identifier associated the application with a particular display of the device  100 . This binding is then stored and provided to the Display Controller  544 , the other components of the OS  516 , or other components to properly render the display. The binding is dynamic and can change or be updated based on configuration changes associated with events, gestures, state changes, application preferences or requirements, etc. 
         [0153]    User Interface Configurations: 
         [0154]    With reference now to  FIGS. 6A-J , various types of output configurations made possible by the device  100  will be described hereinafter. 
         [0155]      FIGS. 6A and 6B  depict two different output configurations of the device  100  being in a first state. Specifically,  FIG. 6A  depicts the device  100  being in a closed portrait state  304  where the data is displayed on the primary screen  104 . In this example, the device  100  displays data via the touch sensitive display  110  in a first portrait configuration  604 . As can be appreciated, the first portrait configuration  604  may only display a desktop or operating system home screen. Alternatively, one or more windows may be presented in a portrait orientation while the device  100  is displaying data in the first portrait configuration  604 . 
         [0156]      FIG. 6B  depicts the device  100  still being in the closed portrait state  304 , but instead data is displayed on the secondary screen  108 . In this example, the device  100  displays data via the touch sensitive display  114  in a second portrait configuration  608 . 
         [0157]    It may be possible to display similar or different data in either the first or second portrait configuration  604 ,  608 . It may also be possible to transition between the first portrait configuration  604  and second portrait configuration  608  by providing the device  100   a  user gesture (e.g., a double tap gesture), a menu selection, or other means. Other suitable gestures may also be employed to transition between configurations. Furthermore, it may also be possible to transition the device  100  from the first or second portrait configuration  604 ,  608  to any other configuration described herein depending upon which state the device  100  is moved. 
         [0158]    An alternative output configuration may be accommodated by the device  100  being in a second state. Specifically,  FIG. 6C  depicts a third portrait configuration where data is displayed simultaneously on both the primary screen  104  and the secondary screen  108 . The third portrait configuration may be referred to as a Dual-Portrait (PD) output configuration. In the PD output configuration, the touch sensitive display  110  of the primary screen  104  depicts data in the first portrait configuration  604  while the touch sensitive display  114  of the secondary screen  108  depicts data in the second portrait configuration  608 . The simultaneous presentation of the first portrait configuration  604  and the second portrait configuration  608  may occur when the device  100  is in an open portrait state  320 . In this configuration, the device  100  may display one application window in one display  110  or  114 , two application windows (one in each display  110  and  114 ), one application window and one desktop, or one desktop. Other configurations may be possible. It should be appreciated that it may also be possible to transition the device  100  from the simultaneous display of configurations  604 ,  608  to any other configuration described herein depending upon which state the device  100  is moved. Furthermore, while in this state, an application&#39;s display preference may place the device into bilateral mode, in which both displays are active to display different windows in the same application. For example, a Camera application may display a viewfinder and controls on one side, while the other side displays a mirrored preview that can be seen by the photo subjects. Games involving simultaneous play by two players may also take advantage of bilateral mode. 
         [0159]      FIGS. 6D and 6E  depicts two further output configurations of the device  100  being in a third state. Specifically,  FIG. 6D  depicts the device  100  being in a closed landscape state  340  where the data is displayed on the primary screen  104 . In this example, the device  100  displays data via the touch sensitive display  110  in a first landscape configuration  612 . Much like the other configurations described herein, the first landscape configuration  612  may display a desktop, a home screen, one or more windows displaying application data, or the like. 
         [0160]      FIG. 6E  depicts the device  100  still being in the closed landscape state  340 , but instead data is displayed on the secondary screen  108 . In this example, the device  100  displays data via the touch sensitive display  114  in a second landscape configuration  616 . It may be possible to display similar or different data in either the first or second portrait configuration  612 ,  616 . It may also be possible to transition between the first landscape configuration  612  and second landscape configuration  616  by providing the device  100  with one or both of a twist and tap gesture or a flip and slide gesture. Other suitable gestures may also be employed to transition between configurations. Furthermore, it may also be possible to transition the device  100  from the first or second landscape configuration  612 ,  616  to any other configuration described herein depending upon which state the device  100  is moved. 
         [0161]      FIG. 6F  depicts a third landscape configuration where data is displayed simultaneously on both the primary screen  104  and the secondary screen  108 . The third landscape configuration may be referred to as a Dual-Landscape (LD) output configuration. In the LD output configuration, the touch sensitive display  110  of the primary screen  104  depicts data in the first landscape configuration  612  while the touch sensitive display  114  of the secondary screen  108  depicts data in the second landscape configuration  616 . The simultaneous presentation of the first landscape configuration  612  and the second landscape configuration  616  may occur when the device  100  is in an open landscape state  340 . It should be appreciated that it may also be possible to transition the device  100  from the simultaneous display of configurations  612 ,  616  to any other configuration described herein depending upon which state the device  100  is moved. 
         [0162]      FIGS. 6G and 6H  depict two views of a device  100  being in yet another state. Specifically, the device  100  is depicted as being in an easel state  312 .  FIG. 6G  shows that a first easel output configuration  618  may be displayed on the touch sensitive display  110 .  FIG. 6H  shows that a second easel output configuration  620  may be displayed on the touch sensitive display  114 . The device  100  may be configured to depict either the first easel output configuration  618  or the second easel output configuration  620  individually. Alternatively, both the easel output configurations  618 ,  620  may be presented simultaneously. In some embodiments, the easel output configurations  618 ,  620  may be similar or identical to the landscape output configurations  612 ,  616 . The device  100  may also be configured to display one or both of the easel output configurations  618 ,  620  while in a modified easel state  316 . It should be appreciated that simultaneous utilization of the easel output configurations  618 ,  620  may facilitate two-person games (e.g., Battleship®, chess, checkers, etc.), multi-user conferences where two or more users share the same device  100 , and other applications. As can be appreciated, it may also be possible to transition the device  100  from the display of one or both configurations  618 ,  620  to any other configuration described herein depending upon which state the device  100  is moved. 
         [0163]      FIG. 6I  depicts yet another output configuration that may be accommodated while the device  100  is in an open portrait state  320 . Specifically, the device  100  may be configured to present a single continuous image across both touch sensitive displays  110 ,  114  in a portrait configuration referred to herein as a Portrait-Max (PMax) configuration  624 . In this configuration, data (e.g., a single image, application, window, icon, video, etc.) may be split and displayed partially on one of the touch sensitive displays while the other portion of the data is displayed on the other touch sensitive display. The Pmax configuration  624  may facilitate a larger display and/or better resolution for displaying a particular image on the device  100 . Similar to other output configurations, it may be possible to transition the device  100  from the Pmax configuration  624  to any other output configuration described herein depending upon which state the device  100  is moved. 
         [0164]      FIG. 6J  depicts still another output configuration that may be accommodated while the device  100  is in an open landscape state  348 . Specifically, the device  100  may be configured to present a single continuous image across both touch sensitive displays  110 ,  114  in a landscape configuration referred to herein as a Landscape-Max (LMax) configuration  628 . In this configuration, data (e.g., a single image, application, window, icon, video, etc.) may be split and displayed partially on one of the touch sensitive displays while the other portion of the data is displayed on the other touch sensitive display. The Lmax configuration  628  may facilitate a larger display and/or better resolution for displaying a particular image on the device  100 . Similar to other output configurations, it may be possible to transition the device  100  from the Lmax configuration  628  to any other output configuration described herein depending upon which state the device  100  is moved. 
         [0165]    The device  100  manages desktops and/or windows with at least one window stack  700 ,  728 , as shown in  FIGS. 7A and 7B . A window stack  700 ,  728  is a logical arrangement of active and/or inactive windows for a multi-screen device. For example, the window stack  700 ,  728  may be logically similar to a deck of cards, where one or more windows or desktops are arranged in order, as shown in  FIGS. 7A and 7B . An active window is a window that is currently being displayed on at least one of the touch sensitive displays  110 ,  114 . For example, windows  104  and  108  are active windows and are displayed on touch sensitive displays  110  and  114 . An inactive window is a window that was opened and displayed but is now “behind” an active window and not being displayed. In embodiments, an inactive window may be for an application that is suspended, and thus, the window is not displaying active content. For example, windows  712 ,  716 ,  720 , and  724  are inactive windows. 
         [0166]    A window stack  700 ,  728  may have various arrangements or organizational structures. In the embodiment shown in  FIG. 7A , the device  100  includes a first stack  760  associated with a first touch sensitive display  110  and a second stack associated with a second touch sensitive display  114 . Thus, each touch sensitive display  110 ,  114  can have an associated window stack  760 ,  764 . These two window stacks  760 ,  764  may have different numbers of windows arranged in the respective stacks  760 ,  764 . Further, the two window stacks  760 ,  764  can also be identified differently and managed separately. Thus, the first window stack  760  can be arranged in order from a first window  704  to a next window  720  to a last window  724  and finally to a desktop  722 , which, in embodiments, is at the “bottom” of the window stack  760 . In embodiments, the desktop  722  is not always at the “bottom” as application windows can be arranged in the window stack below the desktop  722 , and the desktop  722  can be brought to the “top” of a stack over other windows during a desktop reveal. Likewise, the second stack  764  can be arranged from a first window  708  to a next window  712  to a last window  716 , and finally to a desktop  718 , which, in embodiments, is a single desktop area, with desktop  722 , under all the windows in both window stack  760  and window stack  764 . A logical data structure for managing the two window stacks  760 ,  764  may be as described in conjunction with  FIG. 8 . 
         [0167]    Another arrangement for a window stack  728  is shown in  FIG. 7B . In this embodiment, there is a single window stack  728  for both touch sensitive displays  110 ,  114 . Thus, the window stack  728  is arranged from a desktop  758  to a first window  744  to a last window  756 . A window can be arranged in a position among all windows without an association to a specific touch sensitive display  110 ,  114 . In this embodiment, a window is in the order of windows. Further, at least one window is identified as being active. For example, a single window may be rendered in two portions  732  and  736  that are displayed on the first touch sensitive screen  110  and the second touch sensitive screen  114 . The single window may only occupy a single position in the window stack  728  although it is displayed on both displays  110 ,  114 . 
         [0168]    Yet another arrangement of a window stack  760  is shown in  FIGS. 7C through 7E . The window stack  760  is shown in three “elevation” views. In  FIG. 7C , the top of the window stack  760  is shown. Two sides of the window stack  760  are shown in  FIGS. 7D and 7E . In this embodiment, the window stack  760  resembles a stack of bricks. The windows are stacked on each other. Looking from the top of the window stack  760  in  FIG. 7C , only the top most windows in the window stack  760  are seen in different portions of the composite display  764 . The composite display  764  represents a logical model for the entire display area of the device  100 , which can include touch sensitive display  110  and touch sensitive display  114 . A desktop  786  or a window can occupy part or all of the composite display  764 . 
         [0169]    In the embodiment shown, the desktop  786  is the lowest display or “brick” in the window stack  760 . Thereupon, window  1   782 , window  2   782 , window  3   768 , and window  4   770  are layered. Window  1   782 , window  3   768 , window  2   782 , and window  4   770  only occupy a portion of the composite display  764 . Thus, another part of the stack  760  includes window  8   774  and windows  5  through  7  shown in section  790 . Only the top window in any portion of the composite display  764  is actually rendered and displayed. Thus, as shown in the top view in  FIG. 7C , window  4   770 , window  8   774 , and window  3   768  are displayed as being at the top of the display in different portions of the window stack  760 . A window can be dimensioned to occupy only a portion of the composite display  760  to “reveal” windows lower in the window stack  760 . For example, window  3   768  is lower in the stack than both window  4   770  and window  8   774  but is still displayed. A logical data structure to manage the window stack can be as described in conjunction with  FIG. 8 . 
         [0170]    When a new window is opened, the newly activated window is generally positioned at the top of the stack. However, where and how the window is positioned within the stack can be a function of the orientation of the device  100 , the context of what programs, functions, software, etc. are being executed on the device  100 , how the stack is positioned when the new window is opened, etc. To insert the window in the stack, the position in the stack for the window is determined and the touch sensitive display  110 ,  114  to which the window is associated may also be determined. With this information, a logical data structure for the window can be created and stored. When user interface or other events or tasks change the arrangement of windows, the window stack(s) can be changed to reflect the change in arrangement. It should be noted that these same concepts described above can be used to manage the one or more desktops for the device  100 . 
         [0171]    A logical data structure  800  for managing the arrangement of windows or desktops in a window stack is shown in  FIG. 8 . The logical data structure  800  can be any data structure used to store data whether an object, record, file, etc. The logical data structure  800  can be stored in any type of database or data storage system, regardless of protocol or standard. In embodiments, the logical data structure  800  includes one or more portions, fields, attributes, etc. that store data in a logical arrangement that allows for easy storage and retrieval of the information. Hereinafter, these one or more portions, fields, attributes, etc. shall be described simply as fields. The fields can store data for a window identifier  804 , dimensions  808 , a stack position identifier  812 , a display identifier  816 , and/or an active indicator  820 . Each window in a window stack can have an associated logical data structure  800 . While only a single logical data structure  800  is shown in  FIG. 8 , there may be more or fewer logical data structures  800  used with a window stack (based on the number of windows or desktops in the stack), as represented by ellipses  824 . Further, there may be more or fewer fields than those shown in  FIG. 8 , as represented by ellipses  828 . 
         [0172]    A window identifier  804  can include any identifier (ID) that uniquely identifies the associated window in relation to other windows in the window stack. The window identifier  804  can be a globally unique identifier (GUID), a numeric ID, an alphanumeric ID, or other type of identifier. In embodiments, the window identifier  804  can be one, two, or any number of digits based on the number of windows that can be opened. In alternative embodiments, the size of the window identifier  804  may change based on the number of windows opened. While the window is open, the window identifier  804  may be static and remain unchanged. 
         [0173]    Dimensions  808  can include dimensions for a window in the composite display  760 . For example, the dimensions  808  can include coordinates for two or more corners of the window or may include one coordinate and dimensions for the width and height of the window. These dimensions  808  can delineate what portion of the composite display  760  the window may occupy, which may the entire composite display  760  or only part of composite display  760 . For example, window  4   770  may have dimensions  880  that indicate that the window  770  will occupy only part of the display area for composite display  760 , as shown in  FIGS. 7 c    through  7 E. As windows are moved or inserted in the window stack, the dimensions  808  may change. 
         [0174]    A stack position identifier  812  can be any identifier that can identify the position in the stack for the window or may be inferred from the window&#39;s control record within a data structure, such as a list or a stack. The stack position identifier  812  can be a GUID, a numeric ID, an alphanumeric ID, or other type of identifier. Each window or desktop can include a stack position identifier  812 . For example, as shown in  FIG. 7A , window  1   704  in stack  1   760  can have a stack position identifier  812  of 1 identifying that window  704  is the first window in the stack  760  and the active window. Similarly, window  6   724  can have a stack position identifier  812  of 3 representing that window  724  is the third window in the stack  760 . Window  2   708  can also have a stack position identifier  812  of 1 representing that window  708  is the first window in the second stack  764 . As shown in  FIG. 7B , window  1   744  can have a stack position identifier  812  of 1, window  3 , rendered in portions  732  and  736 , can have a stack position identifier  812  of 3, and window  6   756  can have a stack position identifier  812  of 6. Thus, depending on the type of stack, the stack position identifier  812  can represent a window&#39;s location in the stack. 
         [0175]    A display identifier  816  can identify that the window or desktop is associated with a particular display, such as the first display  110  or the second display  114 , or the composite display  760  composed of both displays. While this display identifier  816  may not be needed for a multi-stack system, as shown in  FIG. 7A , the display identifier  816  can indicate whether a window in the serial stack of  FIG. 7B  is displayed on a particular display. Thus, window  3  may have two portions  732  and  736  in  FIG. 7B . The first portion  732  may have a display identifier  816  for the first display while the second portion  736  may have a display identifier  816  for the second display  114 . However, in alternative embodiments, the window may have two display identifier  816  that represent that the window is displayed on both of the displays  110 ,  114 , or a display identifier  816  identifying the composite display. In another alternate embodiment, the window may have a single display identifier  816  to represent that the window is displayed on both of the displays  110 ,  114 . 
         [0176]    Similar to the display identifier  816 , an active indicator  820  may not be needed with the dual stack system of  FIG. 7A , as the window in stack position  1  is active and displayed. In the system of  FIG. 7B , the active indicator  820  can indicate which window(s) in the stack is being displayed. Thus, window  3  may have two portions  732  and  736  in  FIG. 7 . The first portion  732  may have an active indicator  820  while the second portion  736  may also have an active indicator  820 . However, in alternative embodiments, window  3  may have a single active indicator  820 . The active indicator  820  can be a simple flag or bit that represents that the window is active or displayed. 
         [0177]    An embodiment of a method  900  for creating a window stack is shown in  FIG. 9 . While a general order for the steps of the method  900  is shown in  FIG. 9 . Generally, the method  900  starts with a start operation  904  and ends with an end operation  928 . The method  900  can include more or fewer steps or can arrange the order of the steps differently than those shown in  FIG. 9 . The method  900  can be executed as a set of computer-executable instructions executed by a computer system and encoded or stored on a computer readable medium. Hereinafter, the method  900  shall be explained with reference to the systems, components, modules, software, data structures, user interfaces, etc. described in conjunction with  FIGS. 1-8 . 
         [0178]    A multi-screen device  100  can receive activation of a window, in step  908 . In embodiments, the multi-screen device  100  can receive activation of a window by receiving an input from the touch sensitive display  110  or  114 , the configurable area  112  or  116 , a gesture capture region  120  or  124 , or some other hardware sensor operable to receive user interface inputs. The processor may execute the Task Management Module  540  may receive the input. The Task Management Module  540  can interpret the input as requesting an application task to be executed that will open a window in the window stack. 
         [0179]    In embodiments, the Task Management Module  540  places the user interface interaction in the task stack  552  to be acted upon by the Display Configuration Module  568  of the Multi-Display Management Module  524 . Further, the Task Management Module  540  waits for information from the Multi-Display Management Module  524  to send instructions to the Window Management Module  532  to create the window in the window stack. 
         [0180]    The Multi-Display Management Module  524 , upon receiving instruction from the Task Management Module  540 , determines to which touch portion of the composite display  760 , the newly activated window should be associated, in step  912 . For example, window  4   770  is associated with the a portion of the composite display  764  In embodiments, the device state module  574  of the Multi-Display Management Module  524  may determine how the device is oriented or in what state the device is in, e.g., open, closed, portrait, etc. Further, the preferences module  572  and/or requirements module  580  may determine how the window is to be displayed. The gesture module  576  may determine the user&#39;s intentions about how the window is to be opened based on the type of gesture and the location of where the gesture is made. 
         [0181]    The Display Configuration Module  568  may use the input from these modules and evaluate the current window stack  760  to determine the best place and the best dimensions, based on a visibility algorithm, to open the window. Thus, the Display Configuration Module  568  determines the best place to put the window at the top of the window stack  760 , in step  916 . The visibility algorithm, in embodiments, determines for all portions of the composite display, which windows are at the top of the stack. For example, the visibility algorithm determines that window  3   768 , window  4   770 , and window  8   774  are at the top of the stack  760  as viewed in  FIGS. 7C through 7E . Upon determining where to open the window, the Display Configuration Module  568  can assign a display identifier  816  and possibly dimensions  808  to the window. The display identifier  816  and dimensions  808  can then be sent back to the Task Management Module  540 . The Task Management Module  540  may then assign the window a stack position identifier  812  indicating the windows position at the top of the window stack. 
         [0182]    In embodiments, the Task Management Module  540  sends the window stack information and instructions to render the window to the Window Management Module  532 . The Window Management Module  532  and the Task Management Module  540  can create the logical data structure  800 , in step  924 . Both the Task Management Module  540  and the Window Management Module  532  may create and manage copies of the window stack. These copies of the window stack can be synchronized or kept similar through communications between the Window Management Module  532  and the Task Management Module  540 . Thus, the Window Management Module  532  and the Task Management Module  540 , based on the information determined by the Multi-Display Management Module  524 , can assign dimensions  808 , a stack position identifier  812  (e.g., window  1   782 , window  4   770 , etc.), a display identifier  816  (e.g., touch sensitive display  1   110 , touch sensitive display  2   114 , composite display identifier, etc,), and an active indicator  820 , which is generally always set when the window is at the “top” of the stack. The logical data structure  800  may then be stored by both the Window Management Module  532  and the Task Management Module  540 . Further, the Window Management Module  532  and the Task Management Module  540  may thereinafter manage the window stack and the logical data structure(s)  800 . 
         [0183]    An embodiment of a method  1000  for executing an application is shown in  FIG. 10 . While a general order for the steps of the method  1000  is shown in  FIG. 10 . Generally, the method  1000  starts with a start operation  1004  and ends with an end operation  1040 . The method  1000  can include more or fewer steps or can arrange the order of the steps differently than those shown in  FIG. 10 . The method  1000  can be executed as a set of computer-executable instructions executed by a computer system and encoded or stored on a computer readable medium. Hereinafter, the method  1000  shall be explained with reference to the systems, components, modules, software, data structures, user interfaces, etc. described in conjunction with  FIGS. 1-9 . 
         [0184]    An application is executed, in step  1008 . In embodiments, a processor  204  receives indication to execute an application through a user interface  110 ,  114 ,  112 ,  116 , etc. The indication can be a selection of an icon associated with the application. In other embodiments, the indication can be a signal generated from another application or event, such as receiving an e-mail or other communication, which causes the application to execute automatically. The processor  204  can retrieve the application  564   a  from the application store  560  and begin its execution. In executing the application  564   a , a user interface can be generated for a user, as described in conjunction with  FIGS. 1-9 . 
         [0185]    In creating a user interface, the application  564   a  can begin executing to create a manifest, in step  1012 . A manifest is a data structure that indicates the capabilities of the application  564   a . The manifest can generally be created from the resources in the resources directory of the application  564   a . The resources directory can indicate the types of modes, locations, or other indications for how the user interface should be configured in the multi-display device  100 . For example, the several modes can include: “classic mode” that indicates that the application  564   a  is capable of being displayed on a single screen or display  110 / 114 ; “dual mode” that indicates that the application  564   a  is capable of being displaced on two or more displays  110  and  114 ; “max mode” that indicates the application  564   a  is capable of being displayed or desires to be displayed across multiple displays  110  and  114 ; and/or “bilateral mode” that indicates that the application  564   a  is capable of being displayed on 2 or more displays  110  and  114  when the device  100  is in easel mode (see  FIGS. 1I and/or 1J ). 
         [0186]    Similarly, the manifest can include a desired or allowed location within the displays  110 / 114 . The possible locations can include: “left”, which indicates that the application  564   a  desires to be displayed on the left display  110 ; “right”, which indicates that the application  564   a  desires to be displayed on the right display  114 ; and/or other indications of where a location should be including possible “top” and/or “bottom” of one or more of the displays  110 / 114 . 
         [0187]    The application  564   a  can also indicate that it desires to be displayed in a “minimum” window, which is a window that occupies less than the full area of a single display. There may be other modes possible for the application  564   a , which may be included in the manifest. The manifest can be sent from the application  564   a  to the multi-display management module  524 . 
         [0188]    The multi-display management module  524  can receive the manifest, in step  1016 . In receiving the manifest, the multi-display management module  524  can use the information to determine a display binding for the application  564   a . The manifest may be received more than once from the application  564   a  based on changes in how the application  564   a  is being executed, where the application  564   a  desires to have a different display setting for the new mode. Thus, with the manifest, the application  564   a  can indicate to the multi-display management module  524  how best to or what is the desired for the application&#39;s user interface. The multi-display management module  524  can use the information in the manifest to determine the best fit for the user interface depending on how the device  100  is currently configured. 
         [0189]    The multi-display management module  524  can determine the application display mode, in step  1020 . Here the multi-display management module  524  receives or retrieves an indication of the device  100  configuration. For example, the multi-display management module  524  can determine if the device is in single display configuration (see  FIG. 6A, 6B, 6D , or  6 E), dual display configuration (see  FIG. 6C or 6F ), bilateral display configuration (see  FIG. 6G or 6H ), or one of the other display configurations (see  FIG. 6I or 6J ). 
         [0190]    Further, the multi-display management module  524  can determine if the device  100  is in a portrait or landscape orientation. With this information, the multi-display management module  524  may then consider the capabilities or preferences listed for the application  564   a  in the received manifest. The combined information may then allow the multi-display management module  524  to determine a display binding. The display binding can include which of the one or more displays  110  and/or  114  are going to be used to display the application&#39;s user interface(s). For example, the multi-display management module  524  can determine that the primary display  110 , the secondary display  114 , or all displays  110  and  114  of the device  100  will be used to display the application&#39;s user interface. 
         [0191]    The display modes setting can be assigned by creating or setting a number in the display binding. This number can be “0” for the primary display  110 , “1” for the secondary display  114 , or “2” for dual displays  110  and  114 . The display mode setting can also indicate if the application  564   a  should display the user interface in portrait or landscape orientation. Further, there may be other settings, for example, providing a max mode or other setting that may indicate how the application  564   a  is to be displayed on the device. The display binding information is stored in a data structure to create and set a binding, in step  1024 . 
         [0192]    The established display binding may then be provided, by the multi-display management module  524 , to the application  564   a , in step  1028 . The provided display binding data structure can become an attribute of the application  564   a . An application  564   a  may thereinafter store the display binding attribute in the memory of the device  100 . The application  564   a  with the display binding may then generate a user interface based on this display binding. The application  564   a  may be unaware of the position of the display  110 / 114  but may, from the display binding, be able to determine the size of the available user interface to generate a window that has particular characteristics for that display setting. 
         [0193]    When a configuration change happens to the device  100 , the multi-display management module  524  may change the display binding and send a new display binding to the application  564   a . In embodiments, the multi-display management module  524  may indicate to the application  564   a  that there is a new binding or, in other embodiments, the application  564   a  may request a display configuration change or a new display binding, in which case the multi-display management module  524  may send a new display binding to the application  564   a . Thus, the multi-display management module  524  can change the configuration of the display for the application  564   a  by altering the display binding for the application  564   a  during the execution of that application  564   a.    
         [0194]    The multi-display management module  524  thereinafter, while the application  564   a  is executing, can determine if there has been a configuration change to the device  100 , in step  1032 . The configuration change may be an event (see  FIGS. 3A and 3B ) triggered by one or more signals from one or more hardware sensor  172 ,  176 , etc. For example, if the device  100  is changed from portrait  304  to landscape  340  orientation, Hall effect sensors  172  may indicate to the framework  520  that a display configuration change has been made. Other changes may include transitions from a single display  304  to a dual display configuration  320 , by opening the device. Other types of configuration changes may be possible and may be signaled to alert the multi-display management module  524  of the configuration change. If a configuration change has been made, the method  1000  proceeds YES to step  1020  so that the multi-display management module  524  can determine new application display mode settings and create a new display binding, which may be passed to the application  564   a . If there are no configuration changes, the method  1000  precedes NO to step  1036 . 
         [0195]    In step  1036 , a new application mode change may be determined. Application mode changes can also occur in the application  564   a , and thus, the application  564   a  can determine if something has occurred within the application  564   a  that requires a different display setting. Modes are described hereinafter with respect to  FIG. 12 . The mode change can create a desire to change the display  110 / 114 , and thus, require the application  564   a  to generate a new manifest. If the application  564   a  does sense a mode change or an event has occurred that requires a change in display setting, the method  1000  proceeds YES back to step  1012 . At step  1012 , a new manifest or preference is created by the application  564   a  that may be received by the multi-display management module  524  to determine if the multi-display management module  524  can change the display binding. If it is possible to provide the preferred display, the multi-display management module  524  can create a new display binding and send display binding back to the application  564   a  and allow the application  564   a  to alter its user interface. If no mode change is sensed or an event is not received to create a mode change, the method  1000  proceeds NO to end operation  1040 . 
         [0196]    An embodiment of a method  1100  for executing an application is shown in  FIG. 11 . While a general order for the steps of the method  1100  is shown in  FIG. 11 . Generally, the method  1100  starts with a start operation  1104  and ends with an end operation  1136 . The method  1100  can include more or fewer steps or can arrange the order of the steps differently than those shown in  FIG. 11 . The method  1100  can be executed as a set of computer-executable instructions executed by a computer system and encoded or stored on a computer readable medium. Hereinafter, the method  1100  shall be explained with reference to the systems, components, modules, software, data structures, user interfaces, etc. described in conjunction with  FIGS. 1-14 . 
         [0197]    Method  1100  begins by providing a device  100  with the first touch sensitive display  110  and the second touch sensitive display  114 . The device  100  can receive a user interface input on a touch sensitive display  110  or  114 , in a first application being displayed on that touch sensitive display  110 ,  114 , in step  1108 . The user interface input can be any type of gesture, as described in conjunction with  FIGS. 4A through 4H , a selection of one of the device buttons  112 A,  112 B,  112 C,  116 A,  116 B, or  116 C, or some other input. The user interface input can also be a gesture or other input into a gesture capture region  120  or  124 . 
         [0198]    The user interface input or action may be associated with a display device. As such, the device  100  can determine that a display device is associated with this user interface input, in step  1112 . A display device can be any type of user interface element that provides information to the user. Examples of different display devices may be a tooltip, a mouseover, a balloon, help instruction, a popup window, or other types of similar display devices. A tooltip can be an informational popup that describes a user interface element on the first application display. A mouse over can be a popup message that provides information when a cursor hovers over a certain interface element on the first application display. A balloon is a popup message that is associated with an element on the display for the first application. Help instructions and popup windows are also user interface elements that may be provided upon reception of certain user interface input. Help instructions, for example, may be provided when a help button or other help element is selected by the user. A popup window may be provided based on several different types of user interface elements, selections, or events that may occur or require a display of information for the user. 
         [0199]    The size of the first or second touch sensitive display  110  or  114  is limited. As such, a presentation of a display device (e.g., tooltip, a mouseover, a balloon, help instruction, a popup window, etc.) may cause issues in displaying information already on the first application display. As such, the device  100  can determine if the display device can be displayed on the first touch sensitive display  110  or  114 , in step  1116 . 
         [0200]    To determine if the display device can be displayed on the first touch sensitive display  110 , the device  100  can determine if the display that is proposed exceeds a certain size threshold. For example, the display device can have coordinates X 1  to Y 2  (representing opposed corners of the display device). The device  100  can determine a size threshold of Z 1  to W 2 . Then, the device  100  may determine if the display devices size is bigger than the size threshold. 
         [0201]    The size threshold may be predetermined and/or may be based on a common standard for this particular display device. The method for determining whether the display device is larger than the size threshold may include a comparison, in pixels, of the two areas, a comparison of the two circumferences, or some other type of measure or comparison. 
         [0202]    The device  100  may also or alternatively determine if the display device, in the proposed location, will obscure one or more user interface elements or interactive elements that are currently in that position. For example, there may be another user interface element that receives common interaction at the position where the display device is supposed to be positioned. If such elements exist and should not be obscured, the display device cannot be displayed in the proposed position. 
         [0203]    In still another example, the device  100  may determine if the display device will obscure one or more items of displayed data. Unlike the interactive elements, which may receive user interface interaction, the displayed data may not receive user interface interaction but may need to be read or observed by the user. Thus, if the device  100  determines that the display device will obscure this data, then the display device cannot be displayed in the proposed position. 
         [0204]    If the display device can be displayed on the first touch sensitive display  110  in the proposed position, the method  1100  proceeds YES to step  1120  where the display device is displayed on the first touch sensitive display  110 . However, if the display device cannot be displayed on the first touch sensitive display  110  in the proposed position, the method  1100  proceeds NO to step  1124  where the display device may be displayed on the second touch sensitive display  114 . 
         [0205]    The device  100  includes two touch sensitive displays  110 ,  114 , which can be viewed in the dual screen portrait or dual screen landscape orientation. The first application displayed in a single touch sensitive display may use the display of the second touch sensitive display  114  to display important information. Thus, the display device can be presented in the second touch sensitive display  114  at a predetermined location. The predetermined location may be related to where the display device would have been displayed on the first touch sensitive display  110 . Thus, the display of the display device is intuitive to the user, and the user can understand that the display device is associated with the first application in the first touch sensitive display  110  and not an application or other display currently displayed on the second touch sensitive display  114 . 
         [0206]    The display device, once displayed on the second touch sensitive display  114 , can receive a second user interface input on the display device, in step  1128 . This user interface input can be a gesture, as described in conjunction with  FIGS. 4A through 4H  or other type of interaction. The interactions may be received on the display device displayed on the second touch sensitive display  114 . However, the device  100  can determine that the second user interface input is associated with the first application, as the interaction is received on the display device and not some other portion of the second touch sensitive display  114 . This determination is made in step  1112 , and the device  100  may then respond to the second user interface input by changing the display or conducting some other action. 
         [0207]    Examples of the display configurations for the display device are shown in  FIGS. 12 through 14 .  FIG. 12  shows a configuration  1200  that is an example of a display device  1208  being displayed on a second touch sensitive display  114 . A first application  1204  may be displayed in a first touch sensitive display  110  on the device  100 . An event may occur, such as the tap  420  shown on the first touch sensitive display  110 . This event may have an associated display device  1208  that needs to be displayed. The device  100  can determine that there is no room in window  1   1204  to present the display device must move the display device to the second touch sensitive display  114 . Thus, the display device  1208  is displayed on the second touch sensitive display  114  in a position that is associated with the tap  420  received on the first touch sensitive display  110 . However, the display device  1208  is displayed over the top of the second window  1212  on the second touch sensitive display  114 . 
         [0208]    A second example of a display device  1304  (e.g., a tooltip or mouseover) is displayed on the second touch sensitive display  114  as shown in  FIG. 13 . In this example, environment  1300  shows another tap  420  on a first touch sensitive display  110 . Instead of a balloon, a tooltip or mouseover  1304  is presented on the second touch sensitive display  114 . 
         [0209]    An example of how the device  100  determines whether the display device should be positioned in the first touch sensitive display  110  is shown in  FIG. 14 . A user interface input  420  can be received on a first touch sensitive display  110 . The user interface input  420  has an associated display device. The display device requires a certain amount of area to be displayed. Thus, the device  100  may determine if the display device will exceed a certain predetermined size threshold as represented by box  1404 . If the display device is larger than box  1404 , than the display device must be displayed in the second touch sensitive display  114  over the top of window  2   1408 . In other examples, the device  100  may determine if there is displayed data or an user interface element under the box  1404  that will be obscured by the display device. If such data or element exists and cannot be obscured, the display device will be moved to the second touch sensitive display  114 . 
         [0210]    Furthermore, while the exemplary aspects, embodiments, and/or configurations illustrated herein show the various components of the system collocated, certain components of the system can be located remotely, at distant portions of a distributed network, such as a LAN and/or the Internet, or within a dedicated system. Thus, it should be appreciated, that the components of the system can be combined in to one or more devices, such as a tablet-like device, or collocated on a particular node of a distributed network, such as an analog and/or digital telecommunications network, a packet-switch network, or a circuit-switched network. It will be appreciated from the preceding description, and for reasons of computational efficiency, that the components of the system can be arranged at any location within a distributed network of components without affecting the operation of the system. For example, the various components can be located in a switch such as a PBX and media server, gateway, in one or more communications devices, at one or more users&#39; premises, or some combination thereof. Similarly, one or more functional portions of the system could be distributed between a telecommunications device(s) and an associated computing device. 
         [0211]    Furthermore, it should be appreciated that the various links connecting the elements can be wired or wireless links, or any combination thereof, or any other known or later developed element(s) that is capable of supplying and/or communicating data to and from the connected elements. These wired or wireless links can also be secure links and may be capable of communicating encrypted information. Transmission media used as links, for example, can be any suitable carrier for electrical signals, including coaxial cables, copper wire and fiber optics, and may take the form of acoustic or light waves, such as those generated during radio-wave and infra-red data communications. 
         [0212]    Also, while the flowcharts have been discussed and illustrated in relation to a particular sequence of events, it should be appreciated that changes, additions, and omissions to this sequence can occur without materially affecting the operation of the disclosed embodiments, configuration, and aspects. 
         [0213]    In yet another embodiment, the systems and methods of this disclosure can be implemented in conjunction with a special purpose computer, a programmed microprocessor or microcontroller and peripheral integrated circuit element(s), an ASIC or other integrated circuit, a digital signal processor, a hard-wired electronic or logic circuit such as discrete element circuit, a programmable logic device or gate array such as PLD, PLA, FPGA, PAL, special purpose computer, any comparable means, or the like. In general, any device(s) or means capable of implementing the methodology illustrated herein can be used to implement the various aspects of this disclosure. Exemplary hardware that can be used for the disclosed embodiments, configurations and aspects includes computers, handheld devices, telephones (e.g., cellular, Internet enabled, digital, analog, hybrids, and others), and other hardware known in the art. Some of these devices include processors (e.g., a single or multiple microprocessors), memory, nonvolatile storage, input devices, and output devices. Furthermore, alternative software implementations including, but not limited to, distributed processing or component/object distributed processing, parallel processing, or virtual machine processing can also be constructed to implement the methods described herein. 
         [0214]    In yet another embodiment, the disclosed methods may be readily implemented in conjunction with software using object or object-oriented software development environments that provide portable source code that can be used on a variety of computer or workstation platforms. Alternatively, the disclosed system may be implemented partially or fully in hardware using standard logic circuits or VLSI design. Whether software or hardware is used to implement the systems in accordance with this disclosure is dependent on the speed and/or efficiency requirements of the system, the particular function, and the particular software or hardware systems or microprocessor or microcomputer systems being utilized. 
         [0215]    In yet another embodiment, the disclosed methods may be partially implemented in software that can be stored on a storage medium, executed on programmed general-purpose computer with the cooperation of a controller and memory, a special purpose computer, a microprocessor, or the like. In these instances, the systems and methods of this disclosure can be implemented as program embedded on personal computer such as an applet, JAVA® or CGI script, as a resource residing on a server or computer workstation, as a routine embedded in a dedicated measurement system, system component, or the like. The system can also be implemented by physically incorporating the system and/or method into a software and/or hardware system. 
         [0216]    Although the present disclosure describes components and functions implemented in the aspects, embodiments, and/or configurations with reference to particular standards and protocols, the aspects, embodiments, and/or configurations are not limited to such standards and protocols. Other similar standards and protocols not mentioned herein are in existence and are considered to be included in the present disclosure. Moreover, the standards and protocols mentioned herein and other similar standards and protocols not mentioned herein are periodically superseded by faster or more effective equivalents having essentially the same functions. Such replacement standards and protocols having the same functions are considered equivalents included in the present disclosure. 
         [0217]    The present disclosure, in various aspects, embodiments, and/or configurations, includes components, methods, processes, systems and/or apparatus substantially as depicted and described herein, including various aspects, embodiments, configurations embodiments, subcombinations, and/or subsets thereof. Those of skill in the art will understand how to make and use the disclosed aspects, embodiments, and/or configurations after understanding the present disclosure. The present disclosure, in various aspects, embodiments, and/or configurations, includes providing devices and processes in the absence of items not depicted and/or described herein or in various aspects, embodiments, and/or configurations hereof, including in the absence of such items as may have been used in previous devices or processes, e.g., for improving performance, achieving ease and\or reducing cost of implementation. 
         [0218]    The foregoing discussion has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. The foregoing is not intended to limit the disclosure to the form or forms disclosed herein. In the foregoing Detailed Description for example, various features of the disclosure are grouped together in one or more aspects, embodiments, and/or configurations for the purpose of streamlining the disclosure. The features of the aspects, embodiments, and/or configurations of the disclosure may be combined in alternate aspects, embodiments, and/or configurations other than those discussed above. This method of disclosure is not to be interpreted as reflecting an intention that the claims require more features than are expressly recited in each claim. Rather, as the following claims reflect, inventive aspects lie in less than all features of a single foregoing disclosed aspect, embodiment, and/or configuration. Thus, the following claims are hereby incorporated into this Detailed Description, with each claim standing on its own as a separate preferred embodiment of the disclosure. 
         [0219]    Moreover, though the description has included description of one or more aspects, embodiments, and/or configurations and certain variations and modifications, other variations, combinations, and modifications are within the scope of the disclosure, e.g., as may be within the skill and knowledge of those in the art, after understanding the present disclosure. It is intended to obtain rights which include alternative aspects, embodiments, and/or configurations to the extent permitted, including alternate, interchangeable and/or equivalent structures, functions, ranges or steps to those claimed, whether or not such alternate, interchangeable and/or equivalent structures, functions, ranges or steps are disclosed herein, and without intending to publicly dedicate any patentable subject matter.