Datasets:

IanTseng

/

Med-term2

like 0

the response of nadph cytochrome c reductase nccr activity in CL of labeo rohita fish exposed to the pesticides microgl endosulfan and mgl MCP was studied in terms of specific enzyme activity mumg protein a significant level of nccr was observed in the liver tissues of labeo rohita exposed to the pesticides when compared to the control fish mumg protein increase of nccr activity was more in the liver of the fish exposed to monocrotophos mumg protein than those exposed to endosulfan mumg protein the results demonstrate that the pesticides endosulfan and monocrotophos interfere with nadph dependent monoxygenase mechanism and are effective inducers of nadph cytochrome c reductase the activity of nccr in the CL tissue of labeo rohita may serve as a useful tool for monitoring aquatic pollution

10|23|114

liver|monocrotophos|liver

synthetic pyrethroids are the recent major class of broad spectrum photostable organic insecticides used in agricultural domestic and veterinary applications and now account for more than of global insecticide use cypermethrin is metabolized and eliminated significantly more slowly by fish than by mammals or birds which may explain this compounds high toxicity in fish compared to other organisms the present communication deals with histoanatomical alterations in the gonads of a local fresh water food fish channa punctatus exposed to ppm hr lc x concentration of a synthetic pyrethroid devicyprin cypermethrin in aquatic medium of aged tap water for and days respectively in testis SE dependent histological damage has been observed in terms of vacuolization condensation of spermatogonic cells distortion of tubular epithelium shrinkage of interstitial cells and GA inflammatory responses longest SE of days has resulted in peculiar starrysky appearance of the testicular tissue gross histoanatomy of ovarian tissue reveals epithelial lesions inflammatory responses stromal hemorrhage increased interstitium and shrinkage of yolk vesicles towards periphery these findings are quite suggestive of reproductive impairments leading to delayed gonadal maturity and adversely affecting processes of sperm production and ovulation and thus the fish production

103|127|131

exposure|general|exposure

ceratophyllum demersum homwort was subjected to toxic concentrations of al and mg l zn and mg l and cu and mg l in SC solutions for days the higher dose of al enhanced the chlorophyll content significantly p in the first days of treatment while other treatments caused marked reductions NRA nra was significantly reduced p byal cu and zn toxicity and ceased completely in plants treated with cu by the th day of treatment dry biomass and relative growth rate were reduced significantly p by metal treatment tolerance index of the plant was low for cu and at low and high doses respectively and moderate for zn and and al and accumulation ofal zn and cu was threefold at higher doses compared with the lower doses but the bioconcentration AF bcf were very low indicating that this plant is not a hyper accumulator of these metals

23|50|130

culture|nitrate reductase activity|factors

during and hr of exposure the digestive PG of lymnaea treated with a lethal concentration of mgl cuso revealed intense activity of acid phosphatase in perilobular margin on the other hand same area of the gland showed moderate activity of atpase during and hr of SE however ALP phosphatase showed average activity in perialveolar region and perilobular margin during and and hr of SE respectively the changes in the activity of these enzymes were nonsignificant in alveolar margin and perialveolar region of the gland it is interesting to note moderate activity of acid phosphatase in perialveolar region during hr of exposure

7|45|47|63

glands|exposure|alkaline|exposure

lake uluabat known for its scenic beauty and richness of aquatic life is situated in marmara region bursa turkey on account of its importance lake uluabat was designated by the ministry of environment as a ramsar site in physical chemical and microbiological parameters of the aquatic ecosystem in lake uluabat were measured monthly at five stations from february to january the results showed that lake uluabat can be classified as class i with respect to temperature degrees c nitrate nitrogen mgl sodium mgl chloride mgl sulphate mgl as class ii with respect to DO mgl ammonium nitrogen mgl chemical oxygen demand mgl total coliform mpn ml average value as class iii with respect to ph and as class iv with respect to total nitrogen mgl total phosphorus mgl biochemical oxygen demand mgl according to twpcr turkey water pollution control regulation the nutrient content of lake waterapparently indicated that lake had an eutrophic characteristic phosphorus was determined as a limiting factor in lake the measured hardness values caco mgl indicated that lake water was classified as softhard during the T0 period eutrophic characteristic of the lake and contaminant accumulation in water will probably affect the future use of the lake therefore pollution parameters must be regularly monitored and evaluated according to aquatic living and local regulations

93|178

dissolved oxygen|study

dichlorophenoxyacetic acid d is a post emergence herbicide the tests were conducted to study the toxicity of d using ec value in four dilutions d was applied at concentration of and mg l in the potato dextrose agar medium the effect of this herbicide was evaluated as the colony forming unit cfu ec value for dilution of soil was mg l soil physicochemical parameters and mycofloral properties were also evaluated qualitatively genera of fungi were observed in UT soil whereas genera were found in d po dose

77|85

untreated|administered

investigation on physicochemical parameters and bacteial characteristics of the coral reef environs of the gulf of mannar biosphere reserve was studied the study found the influence of different physicochemical parameters on one another and also on the distribution of the total heterotrophic bacteria thb in the coral reef areas nutrients exhibited considerable seasonal and spatial variations with influence on the bacterial population coral reef Az recorded higher bacterial population density both in water to x cfu ml and sediment to x cfu g samples than the non coral reef areas to x cfu ml in water and to x cfu g the study also found the dominance of gram negative groups at all the three stations and with pseudomonas contributing maximum number of strains in all the samples in addition vibrio aeromonas flavobacterium cytophaga enterobacter and alcaligenes were also recorded the gram positive group was represented by bacillus micrococcus arthrobacter and corynebacterium the genetic composition of thb isolated from the coral mucus revealed the presence of vibrio and micrococcus in all the coral mucus

64

areas

a T0 concerning the effects of elevation and exposure of the spruce forests on defoliation C2 of oriental spruce picea orientalis l link by ips typographus l was carried out during and in artvinhatila national park turkey nine spruce stands were selected at zones of elevations m m and m and at different aspects to assess the role of elevation and SE in the crown defoliation level and body length of beetles influence of bark thickness and trunk diameter at m on the damage caused by the pest was investigated as well the results of the T0 were as follows the mean defoliation level was highest at m following by m and m the highest defoliation levels occurred on southern slopes following by eastern and RNA slopes at m no statistical differences were found in the mean bark thickness between tree defoliation levels and mean trunk diameters of dead trees level were significantly greater than those with defoliation C2 and mean body length of i typographus at upper zones was significantly higher than those at middle and lower zones

1|15|61|96|125|158

study|levels|exposure|study|northern|levels

the present investigation deals with fluoride removal from aqueous solution by thermally G1 neem azadirachta indica leaves carbon anc and thermally activated kikar acacia arabica leaves carbon akc adsorbents in this study neem leaves carbon and kikar leaves carbon prepared by heating the leaves at degrees c in electric furnace was found to be useful for the removal of fluoride the adsorbents of mm and mm sizes of neem and kikar leaves carbon was prepared by standard sieve batch experiments done to see the fluoride removal properties from synthetic solution of ppm to study the influence of ph adsorbent dose and contact time on adsorption efficiency the optimum ph was found to be for both adsorbents the optimum dose was found to be g ml foranc G1 neem leaves carbon and g ml forakc G1 kikar leaves carbon the optimum time was found to be one hour for both the adsorbent it was also found that adsorbent size of mm was more efficient than the mm size the adsorption process obeyed freundlich adsorption isotherm the straight L1 of log qeq vs time at AT indicated the validity of langergren equation consequently first order nature of the process involved in the present study results indicate that besides intraparticle diffusion there maybe other processes controlling the rate which may be operating simultaneously all optimized conditions were applied for removal of fluoride from four NK water samples

12|126|134|176|183|231

activated|activated|activated|line|ambient temperature|natural

in this paper shannonweaver si sii siii siv and sv diversity index was applied to surface phytoplankton to T0 the water quality status of river bhadra receiving mysore paper mill and iron and steel mill effluent a total of species of phytoplankton belonging to classes were recorded and study indicated that the phytoplankton diversity chlorophyceae species bacillanophyceae species cyanophyceae species euglenophyceae species and chrysophyceae species did not reveal the same type of water SQ water temperature degrees c ph electrical conductivity micromhoscm dissolved oxygen mgl chloride mgl calcium mgl total hardness mgl magnesium mgl total alkalinity mgl bod mgl cod mgl phosphate mgl sodium mgl and potassium mgl the investigation emphasized the need of phytoplankton community as index of water quality polluted by industrial effluents at the downstream stretch of the bhadra river

18|73

study|quality

the present study was to evaluate heavy metal toxicity stress PS in fish blood during longterm exposure of sublethal concentration of copper sulphate cuso the effects of copper on various heamatological parameters were evaluated exposing indian fresh water fish channa punctatus to a sublethal concentration of copper sulphate mg l for different periods exposure of fish to copper showed a significant decrease in the haemoglobin hb content from to red blood cells rbc from to x mm and packed cell volume pcv from to at the end of th day as compared to control whereas the white blood cells wbc increased from to xmm clotting time ct from to second erythrocyte sedimentation rate from to mmhr and mean corpuscular volume from to cmu significantly with increase in SE periods although mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration mchc and mean corpuscular haemoglobin mch values showed significant increase during and days exposures both the values were found significantly increased at the end of the experimental period the differential leucocytes count dlc showed a significant increase in the populations of lymphocytes and eosinophils whereas neutrophils monocytes and basophiles were found decreased T3 exposure to copper

10|127|186

symptoms|exposure|after

the pesticides are one of the most potentially harmful chemicals liberated in the environment in an unplanned manner malathion is widely used as a potent pesticide in many countries and has been shown to produce some adverse health effects a study was conducted to asses the effects of malathion on the male reproductive system of wistar rats the pesticide was administered to rats orally at DLs of and mgkgbody wtday for days in comparison to the control rats there was a significant reduction in the weight of testes epididymis seminal vesicle and ventral prostate testicular and epididymal sperm density were decreased in the animals treated with malathion pre and post fertility test showed negative results after treatment biochemical profile of the testis revealed a significant decline in the contents of sialic acid and glycogen whereas a significant increase in the protein content of testis and testicular cholesterol was observed the activity of testicular enzyme acid phosphatase increased significantly while decreased ALP phosphatase activity was found malathion also suppressed the level of testosterone significantly results of the present T0 clearly suggest that malathion induce toxic effects on the male reproductive system of rats

65|160|177

dose levels|alkaline|study

the effluent from a lucknow based distillery mohan meakin distillery was analyzed for physicochemical and biological parameters of pollution and concentration of potentially toxic heavy metals cd cr ni and zn and the effect of the distillery effluent as such and on dilution with tap water was studied on seed germination and seedling growth of maize zea mays l and rice oryza sativa l the effluent was wine red in colour and highly acidic ph approximately and possessed decaying alcoholic smell the effluent contained high values of different pollution parameters particularly total solids mgl soluble plus suspended solids alkalinity mgl biological oxygen demand bod mgl and COD cod mgl it had very low values of dissolved oxygen do mgl the heavy metals cd cr ni and zn content particularly the nickel concentration mg l was high use of the distillery effluent even on dilution with tap water inhibited germination and early seedling growth of maize and rice in both maize and rice more so in the former germination of seeds length of radicle and plumule and the fresh and dry weight of the seedlings were significantly reduced the emerging leaves of the seedlings also developed visible effects of toxicity some of which resembled the PS of nickel toxicity our observations suggest that the effluent as discharged from the distillery carry a heavy load of pollutants its discharge into the river gomti poses a potential threat to the aquatic life perticularly during the summer months when the water flow in the river is drastically reduced the distillery effluentis also harmful for irrigating crops grown along the drain carrying it

106|204

chemical oxygen demand|symptoms

this T0 describes the histological alterations of the internal organs of prince joseph habsburg and his first wife alexandra pavlovna romanova both corpses were mummified and the internal organs were stored separately in rosemary oil in metal vessels royal prince joseph habsburg died on january the microscopic study confirms focal subacute glomerulonephritis type berg with iga precipitate on the glomerular mesangium and bowmanns capsule to the best of this authors knowledge this is the first case in the paleopathological literature in which the subacute iga glomerulonephritis could be confirmed immunohistochemically gout urate nephropathy severe arteriosclerosis prostate adenoma and purulent prostatitis could also be diagnosed the princes first wife alexandra pavlovna romanova died in childbirth at age years along with her P0 daughter histological examination of alexandras organs revealed severe fibrocaseous and miliary tuberculosis with dissemination to the lymph NO liver and spleen

1|120|138

study|newborn|nodes

whereas AIP is an established entity characterized by high SS concentrations of igg igg cholangitis is a quite new entity characterized by a massive infiltration of bile ducts by igg positive lymphoplasmocytic cells igg cholangitis should therefore be differentiated from primary SC based on clinics radiological and biological markers this paper is aimed at reviewing all new aspects of diseases associated with high levels of igg

1|9|41

autoimmune pancreatitis|serum|sclerosing cholangitis

in the course of a chronic infection with the hepatitis c virus the fibrosis progression rate varies among individuals and depends on the existence of certain cofactors in this context a growing interest has emerged and has focused on insulin resistance in fact the SH c virus is now recognized as being responsible for a direct interference with the insulin signalling pathway this insulin resistance of viral origin in combination with an eventual insulin resistance associated with an existing metabolic syndrome can therefore accelerate its evolution to a type ii diabetes independently of its pathogenesis insulin resistance occurring in CHC causes a fatty liver contributes to the progression towards cirrhosis and narrows the chances of a successful antiviral therapy it is therefore crucial to recognize it in order to correct it

44|99

hepatitis|chronic hepatitis c

diarrhea is a frequent adverse event involving the most frequently antibiotics laxatives and nsai drug induced diarrhea may be acute or chronic it may be due to expected dose dependant properties of the drug to immunoallergic or biogenomic mechanisms several pathophysiological mechanisms have been described resulting in osmotic sec or inflammatory diarrhea shortened transit time or malabsorption histopathological lesions sometimes associated with drug induced diarrhea are usually non specific and include ulcerations inflammatory or ICM lesions fibrous diaphragms microscopic colitis and apoptosis the diagnosis of drug induced diarrhea sometimes difficult to assess relies on the absence of other obvious causes and on the rapid disappearance of the symptoms after withdrawal of the suspected drug

48|74

secretory|ischemic

gastroesophageal reflux disease is a common condition that requires no additional exam if the diagnosis is straightforward and no complications is suspected ph monitoring is often used for atypical PS or if there is no response to therapy with proton pump inhibitors this was considered for decades as a gold standard but it shows many limits especially because it only measures acid exposure phimpedance monitoring is a new technique that detects all types of reflux gasliquid and acidweakly acid and evaluates the relationship between PS and reflux events it identifies patients with PS related to weakly acid reflux that is not detected by conventional ph monitoring

29|84|92

symptoms|symptoms|symptoms

in the first peroral appendectomy was carried out in a human subject in order to prevent the premature adoption in clinical practice of the socalled natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery notes a rational framework for its development was proposed in T3 animal experimentation further ABD interventions were carried out in humans example cholecystectomy through the mouth vagina or in a combined RPA the main advantage of notes compared to laparoscopic surgery is from the patient viewpoint the absence of body scar but other benefits example less pain and costs could prove to be significant it is impossible to predict whether or not notes will enter in routine clinical practice but it will generate significant improvements for digestive endoscopy

40|44|61

after|abdominal|approach

to study the early postoperative tau and safety of combined viscocanalostomy with trabeculectomy viscotrab for treating faradvanced glaucoma

5

efficacy

a survey was undertaken to ascertain current practices in ophthalmic RA with an emphasis on subtenons block despite its increasing use there are currently no guidelines for its explicit management

10

regional anesthesia

this study evaluates the effectiveness of akten akorn inc buffalo grove il a novel ophthalmic gel anesthetic agent for CR ocular anesthesia

19

complete

a yearold woman had convergent strabismus fixus associated with high myopia bilateral medial rectus recession and loop myopexy of lateral and MR muscles was performed the clinical characteristics and the possible surgical treatment modalities were discussed this surgery seems ERP on both the restoration of dislocation of the eyeball and the improvement of ocular motility

21|39

medial rectus|effective

a patient with a painful blind eye underwent enucleation and bioceramic orbital implantation the bioceramic implant was wrapped with polyglactin mesh and anteriorly capped with a scleral patch graft because there was tension on the wound a relaxing conjunctival incision on the fornix was performed implant exposure with a diameter of mm occurred months T3 surgery the exposed bioceramic implant was successfully repaired by a retroauricular myoperiosteal VG the VG contains myofibrovascularized tissue provides durable and vascularized coverage of exposed implants and only requires a nearby harvesting site the exposure completely resolved without recurrence T3 years of followup

54|67|69|94

after|graft|graft|after

the purpose of this article was to report the misposition and subsequent retrieval of an express optonol ltd neve ilan israel glaucoma drainage device implanted in an eye with pseudoexfoliative glaucoma the formation of excessive fibrosis at the site of the implant which was partly dislocated into the anterior chamber was observed the express drainage device was removed from the anterior chamber and the intraocular pressure was relieved through trabeculectomy at the superotemporal part of the globe the results suggest that TE is a practical approach to alleviate intraocular pressure in the case of failed glaucoma drainage devices

81

trabeculectomy

a yearold man was treated with one session of endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation for uncontrolled elevated intraocular pressure before treatment the eye was quiet and uninflamed pretreatment visual acuity was and the intraocular pressure was mm hg treatment was applied to the ciliary processes for nearly degrees during the postoperative followup the patient developed eye pain and persistent ocular inflammation this ultimately led to phthisical changes evident months postoperatively when VA was and the intraocular pressure was mm hg eighteen months after endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation VA was light perception and intraocular pressure was less than mm hg phthisis is among the complications that may result after treatment with endoscopic CPC

68|82|106

visual acuity|visual acuity|cyclophotocoagulation

a patient with uncontrolled primary openangle glaucoma underwent SLT and developed a significant AC reaction shallow AC and choroidal effusion common complications associated with selective LTP include conjunctival injection mild anterior chamber reaction and posttreatment intraocular pressure elevation the authors believe this is the first reported case of severe iritis and choroidal effusion following selective laser trabeculoplasty

8|13|16|25

selective laser trabeculoplasty|anterior chamber|anterior chamber|laser trabeculoplasty

a yearold woman presented to the emergency room hours after a jellyfish sting to the left eye centrally located linear epithelial defects were observed on slitlamp evaluation the epithelial defects improved but did not heal totally after meticulous patching with antibiotic ointment and cycloplegic drops small subepithelial negative staining areas within the epithelial defects were observed on day confocal microscopy was performed and revealed threadlike hyperreflective structures mainly located at the basal epithelial layer following debridement of the traumatized Az the corneal epithelium healed completely in hours resulting in increased VA and decreased foreign body sensation jellyfish stings to the eye may involve the intrusion of the nematocysts threadlike venomous structures into the cornea debridement of these foreign HB can be helpful in the treatment of resistant cases

79|90|118

areas|visual acuity|bodies

a yearold man with T3 glaucoma status post trabeculectomy and pseudophakia had a symptomatic recurrent band and bullous keratopathy in his left eye three previous ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid chelations with immediate recurrence of the calcic band keratopathy with frequent breakdown produced recurrent painful corneal epithelial defects the calcified lesions were removed surgically resulting in a smooth ocular surface an mm micron trephination was performed and a degrees corneal lamellar peripheral dissection pocket was created after covering the denuded corneal surface the edges of the amniotic membrane were introduced into the pocket and secured using fibrin sealant additional amniotic membrane was glued to the nasal en temporal corneal areas and a collagen shield was applied wound healing was completed in days and a stable ocular surface was restored without pain or inflammation during the followup period no recurrence of the band keratopathy was observed

4

advanced

an yearold man underwent penetrating keratoplasty for pseudophakic bullous keratopathy in the left eye postoperatively a thin transparent membrane in the anterior chamber was noted the differential diagnosis included vitreous prolapse retained capsule fibrinous anterior chamber membrane and retained descemets membrane in the AC but the diagnosis was uncertain due to corneal edema and DM folds anterior segment OCT was used to determine the diagnosis of retained host descemets membrane this case report demonstrates that anterior segment optical coherence tomography is a useful and noninvasive instrument for diagnosing and following complications from penetrating keratoplasty

43|54|58

anterior chamber|descemets membrane|optical coherence tomography

iris arteriovenous malformation also labeled as iris racemose hemangioma is a rare condition in which abnormal vessels are present on the iris surface slitlamp findings in addition to anterior segment fluorescein angiographic features of such lesions have been described in the past the authors report anterior segment OCT and ultrasound biomicroscopic features in two patients with iris arteriovenous malformation

47

optical coherence tomography

a scleral fixation technique for posterior dislocated intraocular lens performed through gauge vitrectomy cannulas is presented it is based on the creation of PP loops at opposite meridians through which haptics are engaged and placed in the sulcus repositioning of the intraocular lens as opposed to substitution that requires new or reopening of corneal incisions associated with microincisional vitrectomy techniques gauge allows for faster patient recovery free rotation of haptics through the loops aids in providing spontaneous good intraocular lens centering the technique provides a minimally invasive solution for dislocated intraocular lenses T3 the unavoidable vitrectomy procedure to liberate the lens from the vitreous chamber

23|92

polypropylene|after

juvenile idiopathic arthritis is the most common chronic autoimmune disease the outcome of this inflammatory disease is uncertain patients may suffer from severe joint damage leading to mutilations as well as from extraarticular manifestations the prognosis is VL and depends in part on the number of affected joints and the occurrence of extraarticular manifestations pharmacomedical treatment has changed markedly in the last decade it consists of a ACT including nonsteroidal antirheumatics glucocorticoids either systemic or intraarticular CP disease modifying drugs like sulfasalazine and methotrexate as well as leflunomide and biologicals these new therapeutic strategies have effected dramatic improvements also in patients with severe so far intractable disease the tnf inhibitors etanercept and adalimumab have succeeded in double blind controlled trials while infliximab failed to show significant superiority over PL further treatment options include inhibitors of interleukin anakinra and rilonacept interleukin tocilizumab and inhibitors of tcell activation abatacept this review will summarize the pharmacotherapeutic options based on studies published in the literature

37|67|76|128

variable|combination therapy|classical|placebo

the need for measures of the quality of healthcare provided to children and adolescents is well documented however children have been underrepresented in national healthcare SQ measurement and reporting efforts the pediatric data quality systems pediqs collaborative is addressing this gap two consensus measure sets and an assessment of nursingsensitive indicators in pediatric care have been produced through the collaborative the framework and measure set OD process are described lessons learned from applying the process are summarized and future directions are suggested voluntary collaborative efforts are vital for advancing childrens measures and national support and funding are also needed

25|65

quality|development

teamwork and good communication are central to the provision of highquality care a standardized focusgroup protocol was used analysis assessed emergent themes of patient safetyrelated effective and problematic clinician communication sixtythree focus CG were conducted with clinicians from five chicago pediatric patient safety consortium hospitals effective and problematic cliniciantoclinician communication themes were described in all focus groups and at each participating hospital problematic communication contexts included the communication process for orders consultations acuity assessment management of surgical and medical patients and the discharge process organizational policies and systems leading to patient safety risk included a lack of clear responsibilities and expectations for clinicians and for clinical communication as well as a lack of a clear chain of responsibility for communication when hierarchical communication barriers affected safe patient care results of this investigation highlighted gaps in pediatric clinician communication and opportunities for improvement

32

groups

when children are dying in a hospital setting healthcare providers need to help families make important endoflife care decisions most providers use the term do not resuscitate dnr when suggesting a course of action that involves not using extraordinary lifesaving measures some healthcare providers use the term allow natural death and to discuss this same approach this T0 investigated pediatric healthcare providers beliefs about using and as opposed to dnr results revealed that providers believe the term and is somewhat ambiguous but may be more family centered

57

study

infection of the prosthetic aortic graft bypass remains one of the most serious complications of aortoiliac bypass grafts use of an aortoiliac allograft as a replacement for an infected prosthetic VG is an effective treatment for this problem however the availability of aortoiliac grafts is affected by the high rate of procurement PE experienced during recovery this overall error rate nationally averaged in of which nearly a third were related to tears of the intima at or below the bifurcation of the ABD aorta

30|52|82

graft|errors|abdominal

to compare university of wisconsin solution viaspan the universal standard for organ preservation with HTK an analysis of each solution in REF to PCTs with specific organs is presented and assessed to find the tau of each in a clinical environment also to view each solution from an economical standpoint and in the end develop an overall understanding of the key similarities and differences between each solution in order to assess appropriate use of each in a clinical setting

14|21|23|34

histidinetryptophanketoglutarate solution|reference|clinical trials|efficacy

information about the relationship between family disagreement and donation decisions may facilitate OD of strategies to help families resolve conflict and possibly increase donation consent rates

12

development

the Tx kidney lying heterotopically in the iliac fossa is especially vulnerable to damage from blunt trauma particularly compression by vehicle seatbelt we present a case wherein a functioning renal allograft lying in the right iliac fossa was severely injured by seatbelt compression resulting in significant PET compromise and eventual loss the patient later underwent successful retransplantation with a second living donor kidney management of injured renal transplant recipients requires appreciation of mechanisms likely to cause damage to the graft as well as familiarity with available treatment options both surgical and nonsurgical as functional life spans of renal allografts improve this type of injury will most likely be encountered with increasing frequency

1|46

transplanted|functional

the need for deceased donor organs for kidney transplantation in the united states continues to increase the increasing demand has fueled desperate attempts by patients to circumvent the long waiting list of the united network for organ sharing we report patients with endstage kidney disease who sought and obtained a live donor kidney transplant outside the united states in each case a nephrologist was following up with the patient regularly each patient experienced significant unexpected adverse events after the transplant surgery desperate attempts to obtain an organ are common and are likely to continue although patients with endstage renal disease who obtain an organ transplant at an unregulated SPK center can have successful outcomes SPK physicians should be aware of the common practice and should advise their patients of potential complications associated with acquisition of organs through means that circumvent standard oversight by the united network for organ sharing and by institutions

108|114

transplant|transplant

organ transplantation is a complex and highly regulated field this review focuses on the role of nurses and transplant coordinators in solid organ transplantation excluding both inpatient staff nursing and procurement activities the literature describes a robust and autonomous transplant coordinator role a key member of the multidisciplinary SPK team transplant coordinators facilitate patient care throughout all phases of transplantation however a lack of consensus on licensure and educational preparation of these important practitioners was evident from the review of literature synthesis of the data suggests that the role of SPK coordinator is not distinct but a description of a wide variety of functions duties and tasks that require varying C2 of licensure and educational preparation greater clarity for both practitioners and consumers could be achieved by creating certification levels similar to nephrology nurses as no transplantspecific staffing models or benchmarks were discovered rigorous research regarding optimal staffing patterns is also recommended

48|90|110

transplant|transplant|levels

the expected number of unacceptable patient results due to an undetected malfunctionenucan be set as a patientbased quality goal using the number of patients tested between qc specimens as a design parameter allows one to design qc strategies that meet specified patientbased SQ goals the qc utilization rate can be minimized in a qc design for a given enu the qcutilization rate achievable depends on how close analytical imprecision is to the total allowable error

42

quality

thoracic surgeons participating in this survey seemed to have clearly indicated their perception of vats major lung resections in particular vats lobectomy the acronym vats as a short form of videoassisted thoracic surgery was the preferred terminology according to the respondents the need or use of rib spreading served as the defining characteristic of open thoracic surgery it was most commonly suggested that vats lobectomy is performed by means of two or three port incisions with the addition of a minithoracotomy or access incision rib spreading shearing was not deemed acceptable as part of a strictly defined vats procedure although there was no general consensus respondents suggested that the preferred approach for visualization in a vats procedure was only through the video monitor although minimally invasive procedures for lung resection are still mainly being used for diagnostic and minor therapeutic purposes young surgeons seemed to be more likely to recommend vats lung surgery for major pulmonary resections than their more senior colleagues the survey confirmed that the use of the standard PLT is still widespread almost of the surgeons claimed to use the standard posterolateral thoracotomy for more than of their cases and less than use it for less than of cases the major reasons to perform vats lobectomy were perceived to be reduced pain and decreased hospitalization approximately of the surgeons claimed to perform vats lobectomy in less than of their lobectomy cases younger consultants reported using vats lobectomy in up to of their lobectomy cases there was the suggestion that lack of resources could justify the minor impact of vats lobectomy in the thoracic surgical practice in middle to lowincome countries the currently available scientific evidence on safety and effectiveness and technologic advancements were emphasized as the two factors having a major impact on the OD of minimally invasive thoracic surgical practice any lack of popularity of vats lobectomy was presumed to be caused by several equally important factors resistance to change by more senior surgeons ranked highly among younger surgeons however as an explanation for the slow adoption of this technique senior surgeons however seemed to focus their attention on the steep learning curve of vats lobectomy in addition surgeons from middle to lowincome countries recognized certain financial and logistic difficulties as major determinants of the lack of popularity of vats lobectomy most surgeons thought that robotic thoracic surgery represented an evolution of vats nevertheless almost did not think current robotic methods meet the criteria for minimally invasive surgery more than of the participants stated that they did not perform robotic thoracic surgery this was reportedly because of costs but also because of the fact that robotic approaches have not yet demonstrated a distinct advantage over nonrobotic vats procedures it was suggested that in every unit or department there should be at least one surgeon with a specific interest and capability in vats lobectomy the younger surgeons however seemed to envisage more widespread competency being optimal most suggested that training in vats lobectomy be done in a stepwise fashion starting from the classical open technique older surgeons wanted to see this as an extracurricular activity following completion of the current training curriculum rather than included in the traditional training program in the opinion of the thoracic surgeons taking part in this survey pulmonary resections not performed according to these standards could not be called vats procedures but should be included within the mits category at large along with other diagnostic and therapeutic interventions in addition the survey confirmed that the timehonored muscledividing thoracotomy is still widely used the opportunity for a progressive move toward the routine use of less invasive approaches for major pulmonary resections however is already well within sight given the results of the ests survey supporting a stepwise teaching process leading to vats lobectomy hybrid and minimally invasive open lung resections discussed elsewhere in this issue collectively defined as mits may serve as starting point in this process to expand the appropriate use of vats lobectomy in the modern thoracic surgical practice

171|297

posterolateral thoracotomy|development

vats lobectomy is an acceptable alternative to open lobectomy for treating earlystage nsclc although no large randomized control trial has compared these procedures recent C1 series and casecontrol studies provide strong evidence that patients undergoing vats lobectomy have less pain fewer perioperative complications shorter chesttube duration and decreased length of stay increasing evidence supports improved quality of life up to year less inflammation and greater safety profile in highrisk patients more data are needed to better show an improvement in the economic efficacy ability to more effectively administer adjuvant therapies and benefit of robotic assistance in vats lobectomy

24

large

thoracoscopic lobectomy is emerging as the procedure of choice for patients with early stage nonsmall cell LC based on advantages in quality of life as well as longterm outcomes in addition thoracoscopic lobectomy has been demonstrated to be safe and effective for selected patients with locally advanced disease and for those after induction therapy concerns relating to oncologic efficacy as measured by complete resection rate ability to perform CR mediastinal lymph node dissection or cancerspecific survival have not been supported by evidence in the literature in addition there is increasing evidence that thoracoscopic lobectomy may actually have superior outcomes based on advantages in morbidity and mortality after resection and in the delivery of adjuvant chemotherapy

16|68

lung cancer|complete

vats lobectomy as defined by calgb provides the same oncologic surgery as that performed through a thoracotomy standardizing the terminology is the first step that must be undertaken to standardize the T0 vats lobectomy is the use of technology to aid in performing an established procedure this technology and OD of the skills required to perform a safe vats lobectomy must be carefully monitored to protect the quality of the product which ultimately is defined as patient outcome center of excellence is a determination used in several other specialties to provide quality assurance for new procedures or technologies or for those surgeries not widely performed such as esophageal surgery the authors believe that the profession should designate centers of excellence based on the credentialing guideline discussed earlier the authors do believe that the current residency and fellowship training will provide in time ample surgeons skilled in vats lobectomy as these surgeons become certified and disseminate throughout the country it is expected that vats lobectomy will be readily available in most institutions over time this will allow vats lobectomy to evolve from specific centers of excellence to a broader group of hospitals based on widespread availability ofa surgeon certified in vats lobectomy during this transition the authors would encourage the community of surgeons performing this procedure to submit their statistics to a nationwide database this will provide an excellent database for evidencebased medicine such rigorous data collection should permit thoracic surgeons to be appropriately compensated for performing these technically challenging procedures

31|49

operation|development

this article describes minimally invasive open surgery for resection of intrapulmonary HM this RPA compensates for the weak points of videoassisted thoracic surgery while remaining minimally invasive overall it is respected as a technically feasible alternative to conventional lobectomy by way of open thoracotomy with an acceptable range of morbidity or mortality

11|13

malignancies|approach

surgery remains the mainstay for the treatment of lung cancer while pulmonary resection has been safe for years there is a trend toward minimally invasive vats pulmonary resections studies have now shown that standard complete CA operations performed via vats offer patients a shorter hospital stay and quicker recovery without compromising the cure rate for an operation performed via a thoracotomy

35

cancer

the past two decades have witnessed a revolutionary transition in surgical technique and technology with the OD of minimally invasive approaches many advantages were obtained by using VATS less surgical trauma and pain shorter hospital stay and satisfactory cosmetic results limitations still remain however because of impaired vision restricted instrumentmaneuverability unstable camera platform and poor ergonomics for the surgeon some of the more prominent limitations involve the technical and mechanical nature of the equipment this article describes technical aspects learning curve and complications in the field of robotic lobectomy

16|27

development|videoassisted thoracoscopic surgery

fasttracking protocols or postoperative care computerized algorithms have been shown to reduce hospital los and reduce costs for patients who undergo both open and vats procedures the ability to fasttrack is not governed by the type of procedure closed versus open but rather by patient characteristics and the mindset of the operating surgeon and the postoperative care team while use of protocols enhance the ability of many physicians to fasttrack many different types of patients it is a mistake to force these protocols on all patients because if not modified they can lead to increased complications readmissions and low patient and family satisfaction by carefully analyzing surgical results using accurate prospective databases the types of patients who fail fasttracking and the reasons they fail can be identified specific changes to the postoperative algorithms can be implemented and these alterations can lead to improved outcomes for example we have shown that by using pain pumps instead of epidurals in elderly patients we can improve outcomes and still fasttrack octogenarians with minimal morbidity and high patient satisfaction we have also shown that the use of increased PCS therapy and respiratory treatments important parts of the care of all patients after pulmonary resection but a limited resource in most hospitals may also lead to improved surgical results for those with low fev and dlco although fasttracking protocols cannot be applied to all the vast majority of patients who undergo elective pulmonary resection even those at high risk can undergo safe efficient and costsaving care by way of preset postoperative algorithms after vats or thoracotomy procedures when the typical daily events are communicated each morning and the planned date of discharge is reinforced with the patient and family before surgery and each day in the hospital on rounds most patients can be safely fasttracked with high satisfaction and outstanding results

184

physical

the effort to reduce the invasiveness of thoracic surgery is increasing in this specialty in this context preliminary evidence has shown that uniportal VATS represents a valuable option to perform different diagnostic and curative procedures this article addresses the topic of uniportal videoassisted thoracic surgery as the least invasive such RPA that may be used to diagnose and treat several i.t. conditions

23|50|60

videoassisted thoracic surgery|approach|intrathoracic

the authors initial experience with awake videothoracoscopic lung resection suggests that these procedures can be easily and safely performed under sole TEA with no mortality and negligible morbidity one major concern was that operating on a ventilating lung would render surgical maneuvers more difficult because of the lung movements and lack of a sufficient operating space instead the open pneumothorax created after trocar insertion produces a satisfactory lung collapse that does not hamper surgical maneuvers these results contradict the accepted assumption that the main prerequisite for allowing successful thoracoscopic lung surgery is GA with onelung ventilation no particular training is necessary to accomplish an awake pulmonary resection for teams experienced in thoracoscopic surgery and conversions to general anesthesia are mainly caused by the presence of extensive fibrous pleural adhesions or the development of intractable panic attacks overall awake pulmonary resection is easily accepted and well tolerated by patients as confirmed by the high anesthesia satisfaction score which was better than in nonawake CP nonetheless thoracic EA has potential complications including epidural hematoma spinal cord injury and phrenic nerve palsy caused by inadvertently high anesthetic level but these never occurred in the authors experience further concerns relate to patient participation in operating room conversations or risk for OD of perioperative PA however the authors have found that reassuring the patient during the procedure explaining stepbystep what is being performed and even showing the ongoing procedure on the operating video can greatly improve the perioperative wellness and expectations of patients particularly if the procedure is performed for oncologic diseases panic attacks occurred in few patients and could be usually managed through moderately increasing the depth of sedation while maintaining spontaneous breathing finally as long as the physiologic impact of awake metastasectomy is definitively elucidated the authors believe this modality should be used for unilateral procedures while deserving a staged bilateral approach for bilateral lung metastasectomy avoidance of general anesthesia results in a faster recovery with immediate return to many daily life activities including drinking eating and walking and a reduction in hospital stay and procedurerelated costs if confirmed with future studies these results could advocate earlier resection of IP solitary pulmonary nodules reducing the risk for delaying a diagnosis of unexpected pulmonary malignancy furthermore potential new frontiers of awake thoracoscopic surgery might include assessment of feasibility and safety of anatomic resections in properly selected instances ethical and economical concerns push remorselessly for less frequent and lessinvasive surgery administrators advocate minimal hospitalization and costsaving treatments whereas patients ultimately ask for appropriate health care thoracic surgeons of the third millennium must accept the challenge of this dynamic and rapidly evolving scenario without loosing the right root which probably lays just between wellestablished conventional surgery techniques and newly available advanced technology tools awake thoracic surgery will benefit from evidencebased data that are progressively accumulating findings will stimulate experts to continue an AS clinical investigation in this unpredictably evolving surgical field which might ultimately lead to a better understanding of cardiorespiratory physiology and effects of the surgical PTX and thoracic epidural anesthesia on perioperative respiratory function in awake patients as the italian architect renzo piano recently stated recovering in the past can be reassuring but the future is the only place where we can go

21|92|162|165|206|209|356|476|501

thoracic epidural anesthesia|general anesthesia|control patients|epidural anesthesia|development|panic attacks|peripheral|active|pneumothorax

in summary from the different alternatives to conventional hospitalization developed in the last decades outpatient surgery has been the one with the greatest growth however only few studies have been reported on thoracic surgery and there is still great potential for an increase in OP thoracic surgery the aim of this article has been to evaluate the clinical aspects results and economical impact of an outpatient thoracic surgery program otsp videoassisted mediastinoscopy lung biopsy and BL thoracic sympathectomy can be accomplished safely in a significant percentage of cases as ambulatory patients the impact of the economical benefit of outpatient thoracic surgical program over the conventional hospitalization depends on the previous departments policy on hospital stay further experience is needed to increase the substitution index and expand the otsp to other procedures

44|75

outpatient|bilateral

longterm hematopoietic cell transplantation hct survivors have a high prevalence of severe and chronic health conditions placing significant demands on the healthcare system the objective of the current T0 was to evaluate and compare the healthcare utilization by adult hispanic and nonhispanic white LTS of hct

28|43

study|longterm survivors

this paper details the responses made by social scientists as well as criminal justice practitioners during to a study focusing on the status of criminology by the bureau of social hygiene these responses ultimately led to the publication of the controversial crime law and social science which gave muchneeded direction to the OD of criminology despite the importance of these responses to the creation of criminological thought only one by edwin h sutherland has previously been published examining the responses of all of the individual participants in the project gives a clearer picture of controversies and changes which ultimately occurred as the field of criminology gradually became institutionalized as an academic discipline

52

development

isolation of adequate numbers of fetal cells circulating in the maternal circulation is the L1 hurdle in developing noninvasive prenatal diagnostic procedures we used flow cytometry and a combination of different monoclonal antibodies to compare the yield and purity of the fetal nucleated red blood cells at different periods of gestation

14

major

prebiotics are nondigestible fermentable SF that are reported to have health benefits for the host older as well as more recent studies show beneficial effects in experimental colitis and lately also in human inflammatory bowel diseases ibd such as crohns disease ulcerative colitis and chronic pouchitis in this review we give an overview of the benefits of prebiotics in rodent ibd models and in ibd patients and discuss their possible protective mechanisms commensal intestinal bacteria induce and perpetuate chronic intestinal inflammation whereas others are protective however most of the current medications are directed against the exaggerated Th1 immune response of the host some of them toxic and costly feeding prebiotics changes the composition of the intestinal microflora toward more protective intestinal bacteria and alters systemic and mucosal immune responses of the host therapy for ibd targeting intestinal bacteria and their CF is just emerging prebiotics have the promise to be relatively safe inexpensive and easy to administer unraveling their protective mechanisms will help to develop rational applications of prebiotics however the initial promising results with dietary prebiotics in preclinical trials as well as small studies in human ibd will need to be confirmed in C1 randomized controlled PCTs

4|96|140|194|197

fibers|proinflammatory|function|large|clinical trials

it has been speculated that prenatal or perinatal exposure to infections affects the risk for developing inflammatory bowel disease ibd the aims of the study were to investigate the seasonal and monthly variations of birth dates among patients with CD cd and ulcerative colitis uc

39

crohns disease

overactivity of glutamatergic neurotransmission in the basal ganglia is known to be closely related to the onset and pathogenesis of parkinsons disease glu homeostasis around glutamatergic synapses is tightly regulated by two groups of glutamate transporters glial glu transporters glt eaat and glast eaat and neuronal glutamate transporter eaac in order to investigate the changes of GTs T3 the ON of FPD unilateral hydroxydopaminelesioned rat an rat of parkinsons disease was employed by immunofluorescence and western blot analyses glt and glast proteins were significantly reduced in the striatum with lesion no change in glt and glast protein was found in the substantia nigra the reduction of glt protein in the striatum was more prominent than that of glast protein approximately vs in addition eaac protein was found to be increased in the substantia nigra pars reticulata of the lesioned rats but not in the striatum the present results indicate that reductions of glt and glast may impair glu homeostasis around glutamatergic synapses in the striatum and contribute to overspills of glutamate in the system an increase in the eaac level in the substantia nigra pars reticulata may increase gaba synthesis and enhance gabaergic neurotransmission these results indicate that there are differential and distinct modulations of GTs T3 dopamine denervation in the hydroxydopaminelesioned rat

22|37|56|57|59|61|66|157|205|206

glutamate|glutamate|glutamate transporters|after|onset|parkinsons disease|animal model|glutamate|glutamate transporters|after

neuroactive substances such as serotonin and other monoamines have been suggested to be involved in the transmission of gustatory signals from taste bud cells to afferent fibers lampreys are the earliest vertebrates that possess taste buds although these differ in structure from taste buds in jawed vertebrates and their neurochemistry remains unknown we used immunofluorescence methods with antibodies raised against serotonin tyrosine hydroxylase th gammaaminobutyric acid gaba glu calcitonin generelated peptide cgrp neuropeptide y npy calretinin and acetylated alphatubulin to characterize the neurochemistry and innervation of taste buds in the sea lamprey petromyzon marinus l for localization of proliferative cells in taste buds we used bromodeoxyuridine labeling and proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunohistochemistry results with both markers indicate that proliferating cells are restricted to a few basal cells and that almost all cells in taste buds are nonproliferating a C1 number of serotonin calretinin and cgrpimmunoreactive biciliated cells were revealed in lamprey taste buds this suggests that serotonin participates in the transmission of gustatory signals and indicates that this substance appeared early on in vertebrate evolution the basal surface of the biciliated taste bud cells was contacted by tubulinimmunoreactive fibers some of the fibers surrounding the taste bud were calretinin immunoreactive lamprey taste bud cells or afferent SF did not exhibit th gaba glutamate or npy immunoreactivity which suggests that expression of these substances evolved in taste buds of some gnathostomes lines after the separation of gnathostomes and lampreys

67|139|207

glutamate|large|fibers

implantation serine protease isp was first identified in the uteri of Pr mice it is thought that isp may have an important role in the initiation of implantation however the expression status and detailed functions of isp remain unclear in this study the expression of isp was investigated in the rat uterus the analysis of two rat genes registered in genbank accession nos xm and xm exhibited high identities to the mouse isp genes respectively at an mrna level we labeled the former as rispa and the latter as rispb using rtpcr we found that both genes were expressed in the uterus specifically rispa mrna was detected in the uterus throughout pregnancy whereas rispb mrna was only expressed in the uterus from day of pregnancy until the end of gestation expression of both genes was observed specifically within the endometrial gland epithelium furthermore rispa was also observed to be expressed in the fetus and placenta whereas rispb expression was observed in the fetus but not in the placenta an expressional signal of the rispa gene was observed in the spongiotrophoblasts giant cells and decidual endometrium in the placenta in the embryo the ventral specific region was positive in rispa and rispb mRNA these findings indicate the possibility that the presently examined genes with high identity to mouse isp may play some role not only during the implantation phase but also in the development of the placenta and embryo

11|201

pregnant|gene expression

the objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy safety and tolerability of istradefylline mg once daily versus placebo as an adjunct to levodopa in subjects with parkinsons disease pd who have motor fluctuations istradefylline kw is an adenosine aa receptor antagonist that in primate models of pd improves motor CF without causing or worsening dyskinesia this week multicenter doubleblind placebocontrolled randomized phase study of istradefylline was conducted in subjects experiencing an average daily off time of at least hours randomized to istradefylline to placebo all were on SD levodopa regimens were also on SD regimens of other antiparkinsons medications istradefyllinetreated subjects had significant placebocorrected reductions in daily off time from baseline to endpoint p and hours p for on time with troublesome dyskinesia the changes between istradefylline and placebo were not significant istradefylline was well tolerated with istradefyllinetreated and placebotreated subjects withdrawing from the study because of adverse events dyskinesia lightheadedness tremor constipation and weight decrease were reported more often with istradefylline than placebo we conclude that istradefylline is well tolerated and significantly reduces off time as an adjunct to LD in pd subjects with motor fluctuations

51|89|95|182

function|stable|stable|levodopa

we describe the presenting features and longterm outcomes of patients with electrophysiologicallyconfirmed psychogenic tremor clinical information for all patients with psychogenic tremor confirmed by our MD neurophysiology laboratory was reviewed a followup questionnaire was administered to all included patients in psychogenic tremor was documented in patients responded to the questionnaire median onsetage was years range were female clinical certainty of psychogenic etiology was definite probable and possible characteristic electrodiagnostic features of psychogenic tremor were documented in all all but two patients were ultimately given a definite diagnosis of psychogenic tremor recommended psychiatric consultation was only done by twentyone patients rated tremor disability as moderate or severe after a median followup of years range improvement occurred spontaneously in and T3 a specific intervention in whereas had mild but unchanged symptoms the mean duration of PS prior to diagnosis with psychogenic tremor was significantly shorter for patients with mild or no tremor at followup p physiologicallyconfirmed psychogenic tremor carries a poor prognosis with unremitting or worse tremor persisting years T3 diagnosis in most

25|118|133|167

movement disorders|after|symptoms|after

this study was designed to specifically characterize the autonomic phenotype of cardiorespiratory dysregulation during the nighttime in young girls with mecp mutationconfirmed rett syndrome rs studied in their home environment computerized breathtobreath and beattobeat characterization of athome continuously recorded RIP of chestabdomen and ecg vivometrics inc was obtained during overnight recordings in girls with mecp mutationconfirmed rs and age gender and ethnicitymatched screened controls ages years we determined that although the breathing and heart rate appear more regular during the night compared to the day young girls with rs demonstrate apparent nocturnal irregularities comparing daytime versus nighttime breathing was more irregular with an increased breathing frequency and irregularity mean amplitude of RIP sum ampti and heart rate and decreased amp in girls with rs comparing girls with rs versus controls during nighttime recording breathing was more irregular with an increased breathing frequency and irregularity mean ampti and heart rate an increased uncoupling between measures of PLB and HR rate control indicates malregulation in the autonomic nervous system and is apparent during the day as well as the night this uncoupling may represent a mechanism that renders the girls with rs more vulnerable to sudden death

39|111|155|157

respiratory inductance plethysmography|respiratory inductance plethysmography|breathing|heart

the rate limiting step in dna biosynthesis is the reduction of ribonucleotides to form the corresponding deoxyribonucleotides this reaction is catalyzed by ribonucleotide reductases rnrs and is an attractive target against rapidly proliferating pathogens class i rnrs are binuclear nonheme iron enzymes and can be further divided into subclasses class ia is found in many organisms including humans while class ib has only been found in bacteria notably some pathogens both bacillus anthracis and bacillus cereus encode class ib rnrs with over sequence identity the geometric and electronic structure of the b cereus diiron containing subunit rf has been characterized by a combination of circular dichroism magnetic circular dichroism mcd and variable temperature variable field mcd and is compared to class ia rnrs while crystallography has given several possible descriptions for the class ib rnr biferrous site the spectroscopically defined active site contains a coordinate and a coordinate feii weakly antiferromagnetically coupled via mucarboxylate bridges class ia biferrous sites are also antiferromagnetically coupled coordinate and coordinate feii however quantitatively differ from class ib in bridging carboxylate conformation and IMT radical positioning relative to the diiron site additionally the iron IB affinity in b cereus rnr rf is greater than class ia rnr and provides the pathogen with a competitive advantage relative to host in physiological ironlimited environments these structural differences have potential for the OD of selective drugs

178|189|224

tyrosine|binding|development

enzymes of the rnf family are believed to be bacterial redoxdriven ion pumps coupling an oxidoreduction process to the translocation of na across the CM here we show for the first time that rnf is a flavoprotein with fmn covalently bound to threonine in rnfg and a second flavin bound to threonine in rnfd rnf subunits d and g are homologous to subunits b and c of nanqr respectively each of these nanqr subunits includes a conserved stgat motif with fmn covalently bound to the final threonine rnfd and rnfg both contain the same motif suggesting that they bind flavins in a similar way in order to investigate this the genes for rnfd and rnfg from vibrio cholerae were cloned and expressed individually in that organism in both cases the produced protein fluoresced under uv illumination on an sds gel further indicating the presence of flavin however analysis of the mutants rnfgtl rnfdtl and rnfdtv showed that rnfgt and rnfdt are the likely flavin ligands this indicates that in the case of rnfd the flavin is bound not to the sgat sequence but to the final residues of a tmat sequence a novel variant of the flavin IB motif in the case of rnfg flavin analysis followed by malditoftof mass spectrometry showed that an fmn is covalently attached to threonine the final threonine of the stgat sequence studies by visible epr and endor spectroscopy showed that upon partial reduction the isolated rnfg produces a neutral semiquinone intermediate the SQ species disappeared upon full reduction and was not observed in the denatured protein a topological analysis combining reporter protein fusion and computer predictions indicated that the flavins in rnfg and rnfd are localized in the periplasmic space in contrast in nqrc and nqrb the flavins are located in a cytoplasmic loop this topological analysis suggests that there may be mechanistic differences between the rnf and nanqr complexes

24|197|248

cell membrane|binding|semiquinone

exp and computational studies have indicated that hydrophobicity plays a key role in driving the insertion of transmembrane alphahelices into lipid bilayers MD allow exploration of the nature of the interactions of TM alphahelices with their lipid bilayer environment in particular coarsegrained simulations have considerable potential for studying many aspects of membrane proteins ranging from their selfassembly to the relation between their structure and function however there is a need to evaluate the accuracy of coarsegrained estimates of the energetics of transmembrane helix insertion here three levels of complexity of MM system have been explored to enable such an evaluation first calculated free energies of partitioning of amino acid side chains between water and alkane yielded an excellent correlation with experiment second free energy profiles for transfer of amino acid side chains along the normal to a phosphatidylcholine bilayer were in good agreement with experimental and atomistic simulation studies third estimation of the free energy profile for transfer of an arginine residue embedded within a hydrophobic alphahelix to the center of a lipid bilayer gave a barrier of approximately kt hence there is a substantial barrier to membrane IS for charged amino acids but the coarsegrained MM still underestimates the corresponding free energy estimate approximately kt from atomistic simulations dorairaj s and allen t w proc natl acad sci usa coarsegrained simulations were then used to predict the free SE profile for transfer of a simple model transmembrane alphahelix walp across a lipid bilayer the results indicated that a transmembrane orientation was favored by about kt

0|22|32|90|188|196|229

experimental|molecular dynamics simulations|transmembrane|model|insertion|model|energy

to establish a direct method for monitoring ATP binding in cytochrome peryf applicable at elevated hydrostatic pressures we introduce a laser dye fluorolga fga as a novel fluorescent ligand the high intensity of fluorescence and the reasonable resolution of the excitation band from the absorbance bands of p allowed us to establish highly CS binding assays compatible with pressure perturbation the interactions of fga with peryf cause an ample spin shift revealing cooperative binding s microm n fluorescence RET fret experiments suggest the presence of at least two substrate IB sites with apparent k d values in the ranges of and microm similar to that observed earlier with cypa increasing hydrostatic pressure does not cause either a complete dissociation of the substrate complexes or a MSD of the spin equilibrium toward the LS state rather increased pressure enhances the cooperativity of the fgainduced spin shift so that the hill coefficient approaches at kbar lifetime fret experiments revealed an important increase in the affinity of the enzyme for fga at elevated pressures suggesting that the IB of the ligand induces a conformational transition associated with an important increase in the level of protein hydration this transition largely attenuates the solvent accessibility of the heme pocket and causes an unusual stability of the highspin substratebound enzyme at elevated pressures

7|53|78|89|125|132|174

substrate|sensitive|resonance energy transfer|binding|displacement|lowspin|binding

lipid binding of human apolipoprotein ai apoai occurs initially through the cterminal alphahelices followed by conformational reorganization of the NT helix bundle this led us to hypothesize that apoai has multiple lipidbound conformations in which the nterminal helix bundle adopts either open or closed conformations anchored by the CTD to investigate such possible conformations of apoai at the surface of a spherical lipid particle sitespecific labeling of the n and cterminal helices in apoai by npyrenemaleimide was employed after substitution of a cys residue for val or phe neither mutagenesis nor the Py labeling caused discernible changes in the lipidfree structure and lipid interaction of apoai taking advantage of a significant increase in fluorescence when a pyrenelabeled helix is in contact with the lipid surface we monitored the behaviors of the n and cterminal helices upon binding of apoai to egg pc small unilamellar vesicles comparison of the binding isotherms for pyrenelabeled apoai as well as a cterminal helical peptide suggests that an increase in surface concentration of apoai causes dissociation of the nterminal helix from the surface leaving the cterminal helix attached consistent with this ITC measurements showed that the enthalpy of apoai binding to the lipid surface under near saturated conditions is much less exothermic than that for binding at a low surface concentration indicating the NT helix bundle is out of contact with lipid at high apoai surface concentrations interestingly the presence of cholesterol significantly induces the open conformation of the helix bundle these results provide insight into the multiple lipidbound conformations that the nterminal helix bundle of apoai can adopt on a lipid or lipoprotein particle depending upon the availability of space on the surface and the surface composition

19|48|92|186|218

nterminal|cterminal domain|pyrene|isothermal titration calorimetry|nterminal

a new approach the immunospin trapping CA used a novel rabbit polyclonal antidmpo dimethylpyrroline noxide AS to detect protein radicalderived dmpo nitrone adducts in the hemoprotein mycobacterium tuberculosis catalaseperoxidase katg this work demonstrates that the formation of protein nitrone adducts is dependent on the concentrations of tertbuooh and dmpo as shown by WB and an ELISA assay elisa we have also detected proteinprotein crosslinks formed during turnover of mtb katg driven by tertbutyl peroxide tertbuooh or enzymatic generation of hydrogen peroxide dmpo inhibits this dimerization due to its ability to trap the CAA radicals responsible for the crosslinkage chemical modifications by IMT and tryptophan blockage suggest that tyrosine residues are one site of formation of the dimers the presence of the tuberculosis drug INH inh also prevented crosslinking as a result of its competition for the protein radical proteindmpo nitrone adducts were also generated by a continuous flux of hydrogen peroxide these findings demonstrated that the proteinbased radicals were formed not only during mtb katg turnover with alkyl peroxides but also in the presence of hydrogen peroxide furthermore the formation of proteindmpo nitrone adducts was accelerated in the presence of isoniazid

6|15|52|55|92|101|123

assay|antiserum|western blotting|enzymelinked immunosorbent|amino acid|tyrosine|isoniazid

phosphoinositide kinase gamma pikgamma is activated by gbetagamma PR after stimulation of galpha i coupled receptors involving a recruitment of the enzyme to the plasma membrane via interaction of the regulatory subunit p or p with gbetagamma the receptormediated release of gbetagamma was however insufficient to elicit a translocation of p observable by CP fluorescence microscopy approaches since the mobilities of plasma membraneassociated and cytosolic proteins differ strongly small changes in the amount of plasma membrane association should be detectable by an altered diffusional behavior here changes in mobility were monitored by fluorescence redistribution T3 photobleaching frap which was repetitively applied before and after stimulation of cells to combine the advantages of total internal reflection tir illumination which preferentially excites fluorophors located at or near the plasma membrane with that provided by the mobility information we developed a combined tirfrap setup which enabled us to point bleach parts of an image that was observed under tir illumination for frap data analysis we introduce a convolutionbased method and a global two component model using this tirfrap RPA an increased BPM association of the fluorescent gbetagammabinding domain of p T3 gbetagamma PR by g proteincoupled receptor stimulation could be detected and quantified by comparing the translocation efficiency of this domain with that of yfpgrpph a biosensor for the pikgamma product pip we evaluate the signal amplification between gbetagamma release and pip formation after activation of galpha i coupled receptors

8|53|94|175|178|187|189

release|classical|after|approach|plasma membrane|after|release

the electronic structure and chemical bonding in the ta cluster are investigated using photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations photoelectron spectra are obtained for ta at four photon energies and nm while congested spectra are observed at high electron IB energies several lowlying electronic transitions are well resolved and compared with the theoretical calculations the electron affinity of ta is determined to be ev extensive DFT are performed at the blypstuttgart fg level to locate the groundstate and lowlying isomers for ta and ta the groundstate for the ta anion is shown to be a quintet a with d h symmetry whereas two nearly isoenergetic states c v a and d h a are found to compete for the groundstate for neutral ta a detailed molecular orbital analysis is performed to elucidate the chemical boding in ta which is found to possess multiple dorbital aromaticity commensurate with its highly symmetric d h structure

40|66

binding|density functional calculations

cyanoacetaldehyde ncch cho which may have played a role in the prebiotic formation of the pyrimidine bases cytosine and uracil is formed in water solutions by addition of water to cyanoacetylene hcccn a compound that exists in interstellar space in comets and planetary atmospheres a gasphase model of the uncatalyzed addition of water to cyanoacetylene is explored by ab initio calculations at the mpg level of theory a reaction path consisting of several steps was found in these calculations but the activation energy of the first step is relatively high which makes it unlikely that cyanoacetaldehyde is formed in an uncatalyzed reaction similar calculations were also performed for the uncatalyzed reaction of water to protonated cyanoacetylene hcccnh a component of the interstellar medium forming protonated cyanoacetaldehyde hncch cho but a high activation SE was found for this reaction as well moreover the corresponding addition reactions of hydrogen sulfide h s to hcccn as well as to hcccnh have been explored with similar results

132

energy

the multiple cf bond character of phcfme ions has been examined by means of theory vibrational spectroscopy of the gaseous ions and unimolecular decomposition chemistry atoms in molecules analysis of dft wave functions gives a cf bond order of n as compared with n for me cf relative to n for fluoromethane and n for diatomic cf which is consistent with calculations of adiabatic cf stretching frequencies nu cf experimental gas phase ir spectra recorded by means of resonant multiphoton dissociation irmpd using a freeelectron laser connected to an fticr mass spectrometer show good PA with predicted band positions for five deuterated isotopomers of phcfme metastable ion decompositions of deuterated analogues of phcfme show the same hfdf loss patterns as those produced by irmpd the evidence supports the conclusion that phcfme ions retain structural integrity until they become sufficiently excited to dissociate whereupon they undergo intramolecular hydrogen scrambling that is competitive with hfdf expulsion relative rates of hydrogen transposition and unimolecular dissociation are extracted from relative experimental fragment ion abundances the predominant decomposition pathway is inferred to operate via a fivecenter TS as opposed to a fourcenter transition state for hf loss from gaseous me cf

94|181

agreement|transition state

the photophysics of the pyrene radical cation a polycyclic Ah pah and a possible source of diffuse interstellar bands dibs is investigated by means of hybrid molecular mechanicsvalence bond mmvb force field and multiconfigurational casscf and caspt ab initio methods potential SE surfaces of the first three electronic states d d and d are calculated mmvb geometry optimizations are carried out for the first time on a cationic system the results show good agreement with casscf optimized structures for minima and conical intersections and errors in the energy gaps are no larger than those found in our previous studies of neutral systems the presence of two easily accessible sloped d d and d d conical intersections suggests the pyrene radical cation is highly photostable with ultrafast nonradiative decay back to the initial ground state geometry predicted via a mechanism similar to the one found in the naphthalene radical cation

9|41

aromatic hydrocarbon|energy

our study is aimed at understanding the characteristics of PET group descriptors based on peaks of the electronic density distribution rhor the descriptors calculated are the rhor value at peak location volume ellipticity curvatures of rho r and the peakfunctional group distance by the implementation of an automated and global process for largescale calculation of the descriptors we generated a statistically meaningful data set focusing on the association between peaks and types of functional groups extracted from organic molecules issued from the cambridge structural database statistical analyses demonstrated that selected descriptors are capable of discriminating subtypes of PET CG a projection in a principal component space coupled to a hierarchical clustering confirmed the suitability of the descriptors to provide an appropriate description of the functional groups the results indicated that PET similarity or dissimilarity could be quantified based on electron density descriptors

9|97|98|130

functional|functional|groups|functional

bidentate inhibitors of protein tyrosine phosphatase b ptpb are considered as a group of ideal inhibitors with high IB potential and high selectivity in treating type ii diabetes in this paper the binding models of five bidentate inhibitors to ptpb tcptp and shp were investigated and compared by using molecular dynamics md simulations and free energy calculations the binding free energies were computed using the molecular mechanicspoissonboltzmann SA mmpbsa methodology the calculation results show that the predicted free energies of the complexes are well consistent with the experimental data the molecular mechanicsgeneralized born SA mmgbsa free energy decomposition analysis indicates that the residues arg arg and gln in the second binding site of ptpb are essential for the high selectivity of inhibitors furthermore the residue phe close to the AS site is also important for the selectivity and the IB affinity of the inhibitors according to our analysis it can be concluded that in most cases the polarity of the portion of the inhibitor that binds to the second IB site of the protein is positive to the affinity of the inhibitors while negative to the selectivity of the inhibitors we expect that the information we obtained here can help to develop potential ptpb inhibitors with more promising specificity

18|67|93|129|139|169

binding|surface area|surface area|active|binding|binding

the free energy surfaces and reaction mechanisms underlying the activation of amino acids by cos in bulk water at ambient conditions as well as extreme temperaturepressure thermodynamic conditions were studied using accelerated ab initio molecular dynamics the results for the reaction sequence leading from glycine to its G1 form a socalled leuchs anhydride or alphaamino acid ncarboxyanhydride nca suggest that extreme conditions not far from the critical point of water may favor the formation of this activated species this is traced back to appropriately affecting relative stabilities of neutral versus charged or zwitterionic molecular species which shifts equilibria affects relative barriers and thus modifies reaction rates furthermore it is shown that the ncarboxyanhydride of glycine is not formed from nthiocarboxyl glycine by its direct cyclization but instead an indirect mechanism the socalled MDI route is clearly preferred at both conditions the work quantitatively underpins the impact of extreme solvent conditions on the investigated organic reactions in AQ media which implies that the presented results are of relevance to fields such as prebiotic chemistry and green chemistry

47|132|156

activated|isocyanate|aqueous

understanding the PSA functions of proteins is an important factor in elucidating their cellular and physiological functions due to the predominance of biopolymer interactions in biology many methods have been designed to interrogate and identify biologically relevant interactions that proteins make to dna rna and other proteins complementary approaches that can elucidate IB interactions between proteins and small molecule metabolites will impact the understanding of proteinmetabolite interactions and fill a need that is outside the scope of current methods here we demonstrate the ability to identify NK proteinmetabolite interactions from complex metabolite mixtures by combining a proteinmediated small molecule enrichment step with a global metabolite profiling platform

2|52|86

biochemical|binding|natural

in an effort to probe the role of the znii sites in MBL l mononuclear metal ion containing and heterobimetallic analogues of the enzyme were generated and characterized using kinetic and spectroscopic studies MNC zniicontaining l which binds znii in the consensus zn site was shown to be slightly active however this enzyme did not stabilize a nitrocefinderived reaction intermediate that had been previously detected mononuclear coii and feiiicontaining l were essentially inactive and nmr and epr studies suggest that these metal ions bind to the consensus zn site in l heterobimetallic analogues znco and znfe analogues of l were generated and stoppedflow kinetic studies revealed that these enzymes rapidly hydrolyze nitrocefin and that there are large amounts of the reaction intermediate formed during the reaction the heterobimetallic analogues were reacted with nitrocefin and the reactions were rapidly freeze quenched epr studies on these samples demonstrate that coii is coordinate in the G0 proceeds through a coordinate species during the reaction and is coordinate in the enzymeproduct complex these studies demonstrate that the metal ion in the zn site is essential for catalysis in l and that the metal ion in the zn site is crucial for stabilization of the nitrocefinderived reaction intermediate

12|33|152

metallobetalactamase|mononuclear|resting state

reproducible detection of a target molecule is demonstrated using temporally SD solutionphase silicavoidgold nanoparticles and surfaceenhanced raman scattering sers these composite nanostructures are homogeneous diameter nm and entrap single nm gold nanoparticle cores inside porous Si membranes which prevent electromagnetic coupling and aggregation between adjacent nanoparticles the optical properties of the gold nanoparticle cores and structural changes of the composite nanostructures are characterized using extinction spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy respectively and both techniques are used to monitor the formation of the Si membrane the resulting nanostructures exhibit temporally SD optical properties in the presence of salt and naphthalenethiol similar sers spectral features are observed when naphthalenethiol is incubated with both bare and membraneencapsulated gold nanoparticles disappearance of the sh raman vibrational band centered at cm with the composite nanoparticles indicates that the target molecule is binding directly to the metal surface furthermore these nanostructures exhibit reproducible sers signals for at least a h period this first demonstration of utilizing solutionphase silicavoidgold nanoparticles as reproducible sers substrates will allow for future fundamental studies in understanding the mechanisms of sers using solutionphase nanostructures as well as for applications that involve the direct and reproducible detection of biological and environmental molecules

10|35|82|89

stable|silica|silica|stable

the glycerophosphodiesterase gpdq from enterobacter aerogenes is a promiscuous binuclear metallohydrolase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of mono di and triester substrates including some organophosphate pesticides and products of the Kd of nerve agents gpdq has attracted recent attention as a promising enzymatic bioremediator here we have investigated the catalytic mechanism of this versatile enzyme using a range of techniques an improved crystal structure a resolution illustrates the presence of i an extended hydrogen bond network in the active site and ii two possible nucleophiles ie waterhydroxide ligands coordinated to one or both metal ions while it is at present not possible to unambiguously distinguish between these two possibilities a reaction mechanism is proposed whereby the terminally bound hooh acts as the nucleophile activated via hydrogen bonding by the bridging water molecule furthermore the presence of substrate promotes the formation of a catalytically competent binuclear center by significantly enhancing the binding affinity of one of the metal ions in the active site asn appears to display coordination flexibility that may modulate enzyme activity kinetic data suggest that the ratelimiting step occurs after hydrolysis ie the release of the phosphate moiety and the concomitant dissociation of one of the metal ions andor associated conformational changes thus it is proposed that gpdq employs an intricate RII mechanism for catalysis where coordination flexibility in one of the two metal binding sites is essential for optimal activity

29|212

degradation|regulatory

disubstituted benzobisoxazoles have been synthesized by a highly efficient reaction of diaminobenzene diols with various orthoesters the scope of this new reaction for the synthesis of substituted benzobisoxazoles has been investigated using four different orthoesters the utility of these EDC as building blocks for the synthesis of conjugated polymers is demonstrated

39

compounds

a novel tandem aziridinationrearrangement reaction of allylic alcohols has been discovered in which the significant accelerating effect of Si gel has been identified on the basis of this methodology an efficient and highly stereoselective approach to various quaternary mannich bases has been put in place readily providing an alternative route to the conventional vicinal aminofunctionalization of alkenes

18

silica

the ID of commercial shark species is a relevant issue to ensure the correct labeling of seafood products to maintain consumer confidence in seafood and to enhance the knowledge of the species and volumes that are at present being captured thus improving the management of shark fisheries the polymerase chain reaction was employed to obtain a bp amplicon from the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene the sequences from this fragment belonging to authentic individuals of species were analyzed using a genetic distance method nine different samples of commercial fresh frozen and convenience food were obtained in local and international markets to validate the methodology these samples were analyzed and sequences were employed for species ID showing that forensically informative nucleotide sequencing fins is a suitable technique for identification of processed seafood containing shark as an ingredient the results also showed that incorrect labeling practices may occur regarding shark products probably because of incorrect labeling at the production point

1|113

identification|identification

during vdj recombination site TPS dna excision is dictated by the binding of rag proteins to the conserved recombination signal CS rss within the genome the interaction between rag and rss is thought to involve a large dna distortion that is permissive for dna cleavage in this study using atomic force microscopy imaging afm we analyzed individual ragrss complexes in which the bending angle of ragassociated rss substrates could be visualized and quantified we provided the quantitative measurement on the conformations of TPS ragrss complexes previous data indicating the necessity of rag for recombination implies a structural role in the ragrss complex surprisingly however no significant difference was observed in conformational bending with afm between ragrss and ragrss rag was found sufficient to induce dna bending and the addition of rag did not NC the bending profile in addition a prenicked rss bound by rag proteins displayed a conformation similar to the one observed with the IN rss implying that no greater dna bending occurs after the nicking step in the signal complex taken together the quantitative afm results on the components of the recombinase emphasize a tightly held complex with a bend angle value near degrees which may be a prerequisite step for the sitespecific nicking by the vdj recombinase

4|20|82|133|156

specific|sequence|specific|change|intact

a method for sampling and electrophoretic analysis of aqueous plugs segmented in a stream of immiscible oil is described in the method an aqueous buffer and oil stream flow parallel to each other to form a stable virtual wall in a microfabricated kshaped fluidic element as aqueous sample plugs in the oil stream make contact with the virtual wall coalescence occurs and sample is electrokinetically transferred to the aqueous stream using this virtual wall two methods of injection for channel PACE were developed in the first discrete sample zones flow past the inlet of an electrophoresis channel and a portion is injected by electroosmotic flow termed the discrete injector with this approach at least plugs could be injected without interruption from a continuous segmented stream with rsd in peak area this method generated up to theoretical plates although analysis of the injector suggested that improvements may be possible in a second method AQ plugs are sampled in a way that allows them to form a continuous stream that is directed to a microfluidic crossstyle injector termed the desegmenting injector this method does not analyze each individual plug but instead allows periodic sampling of a highfrequency stream of plugs using this system at least injections could be performed sequentially with rsd in peak area and theoretical plates this method was demonstrated to be useful for monitoring concentration changes from a sampling device with s temporal resolution aqueous plugs in segmented flows have been applied to many different chemical manipulations including synthesis assays sampling processing and sampling nearly all such studies have used optical methods to analyze plug contents this method offers a new way to analyze such samples and should enable new applications of segmented flow systems

80|152

electrophoresis|aqueous

PA pa is a reactive low molecular weight compound used in the chemical industry the exposure of pa may lead to workrelated airway diseases such as rhinitis chronic bronchitis and asthma the SE gives rise to an increase in haptenspecific igg antibodies in workers but with a low presence of specific ige antibodies in this study the binding of pa to HbA hb in vitro was investigated TR and pronase e digestion lc lcmsms gcms analysis and nanoelectrospray hybrid quadrupole timeofflight ms were used to identify the adducted amino acids of the synthesized pahb conjugates in the conjugate with the molar ratio a total of six adducted amino acids were identified nterminal valine was found adducted in both the alpha and the betachains as well as a total of four lysines val lys and lys on the alphachain and val lys and lys on the betachain two types of lysine adducts were found a phthalamide and a phthalimide it was also found that pa differs in its IB site as compared to hexahydrophthalic anhydride the result of this study suggests several interesting applications of biological monitoring

0|32|61|67|167

phthalic anhydride|exposure|human hemoglobin|trypsin|binding

interactions of oppositely charged macroions in aqueous solution give rise to intriguing aggregation phenomena resulting in finitesize longlived clusters characterized by a quite narrow size distribution particularly the adsorption of highly charged linear polyelectrolytes on oppositely charged colloidal particles is strongly correlated and some shortrange order arises from competing electrostatic interactions between likecharged CP chains repulsion and between polymer chains and particle surface attraction in these systems in an interval of concentrations around the isoelectric point relatively large clusters of polyelectrolytedecorated particles form however the mechanisms that drive the aggregation and stabilize at the different polymerparticle ratios a welldefined size of the aggregates are not completely understood nor is clear the role that the correlated polyion adsorption plays in the aggregation although the importance of patchy interactions has been stressed as the possible source of attractive interaction term between colloidal particles different models have been proposed to explain the formation of the observed cluster phase however a CE question still remains unanswered ie whether the clusters are true equilibrium or metastable aggregates to elucidate this point in this work we have investigated the effect of the temperature on the cluster formation we employed liposomes built up by dotap lipids interacting with a simple anionic polyion PA sodium salt over an extended concentration range below and above the isoelectric condition our results show that the aggregation process can be described by a thermally activated mechanism

53|157|205

polymer|central|polyacrylate

the rapid advancement of nanotechnology has created a vast array of engineered nanomaterials enms which have unique PCS size shape crystallinity surface charge and chemical surface coating elemental composition and solubility attributes these physicochemical properties of enms can produce chemical conditions to induce a prooxidant environment in the cells causing an imbalanced cellular energy system dependent on redox potential and thereby leading to adverse biological consequences ranging from the initiation of inflammatory pathways through to cell death the present study was designed to evaluate sizedependent cellular interactions of known biologically active silver nanoparticles nps ag nm ag nm and ag nm AM macrophages provide the first defense and were studied for their potential role in initiating oxidative stress cell SE produced morphologically abnormal sizes and adherence characteristics with significant np uptake at high doses after h toxicity evaluations using mitochondrial and cell membrane viability along with reactive oxygen species ros were performed after h of SE viability metrics significantly decreased with increasing dose microgml of ag nm and ag nm nps a more than fold increase of ros levels in cells exposed to microgml ag nm suggests that the cytotoxicity of ag nm is likely to be mediated through oxidative stress in addition activation of the release of traditional inflammatory mediators were examined by measuring levels of cytokineschemokines including TN factor tnfalpha macrophage inhibitory protein mip and interleukin il released into the SC media after h of SE to ag nm nanoparticles a significant inflammatory response was observed by the release of tnfalpha mip and ilbeta however there was no detectable level of il upon exposure to silver nanoparticles in summary a sizedependent toxicity was produced by silver nanoparticles and one predominant mechanism of toxicity was found to be largely mediated through oxidative AS

17|101|119|155|219|232|237|293

physical|alveolar|exposure|exposure|tumor necrosis|culture|exposure|stress

four new cembranoids querciformolides ad along with two known cembranoids and have been isolated from the soft coral sinularia querciformis furthermore chemical investigation of sinularia granosa has afforded three new cembranoids querciformolide b and granosolides a and b the structures of the new metabolites were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic methods and that of was further confirmed by xray diffraction analysis the absolute configurations of and were determined by a modified moshers method among these metabolites are rarely found cembranoids possessing a THF moiety with a ether linkage in addition is the first epsilonlactone cembrane found that possesses a tetrahydropyran moiety with a ether linkage none of these compounds were found to be cytotoxic toward a limited panel of CA cell lines however compounds and significantly inhibited the accumulation of the proinflammatory inos and cox proteins in lpsstimulated raw macrophage cells

84|121

tetrahydrofuran|cancer

many of todays drug discovery programs use highthroughput screening methods that rely on quick evaluations of protein activity to rank potential chemical leads by monitoring biologically relevant proteinligand interactions nmr can provide a means to validate these discovery leads and to optimize the drug discovery process nmrbased screens typically use a NC in chemical shift or line width to detect a proteinligand interaction however the relatively low throughput of current nmr screens and their high demand on sample requirements generally makes it impractical to collect CR IB curves to measure the affinity for each compound in a large and diverse chemical library as a result nmr ligand screens are typically limited to identifying candidates that bind to a protein and do not give any estimate of the IB affinity to address this issue a methodology has been developed to rank IB affinities for ligands based on nmr screens that use d h nmr linebroadening experiments this method was demonstrated by using it to estimate the dissociation equilibrium constants for twelve ligands with the protein human serum albumin hsa the results were found to give good PA with previous affinities that have been reported for these same ligands with hsa

51|85|86|127|140|185

change|complete|binding|binding|binding|agreement

we recently reported that the ferrocenecontaining cationic lipid bfdma bisferrocenylundecyldimethylammonium bromide can be used to mediate cell transfection and that levels of transfection depend critically upon the oxidation state of the ferrocenyl CG of the lipid here we report that the redox activity of bfdma can be exploited to transform lipoplexes formed from oxidized bfdma which do not transfect cells to lipoplexes that are active and thus mediate high levels of transgene expression by treatment with the chemical reducing agent glutathione gsh we demonstrate that gsh can be used to reduce the ferrocenium groups of oxidized bfdma rapidly both i in solution and ii in lipoplexes formed by mixing Ox bfdma and dna lipoplexes transformed in this manner mediate levels of cell transfection in vitro that are comparable to levels of transfection mediated by lipoplexes prepared by mixing dna and reduced bfdma we demonstrate further that the chemical reduction of oxidized bfdma leads to changes in the zeta potentials of these lipoplexes eg from negative to positive characterization of lipoplex internalization using confocal microscopy demonstrated that these changes in zeta potential correlate to differences in the extents to which these lipoplexes are internalized by cells these results provide a framework from which to interpret differences in cell transfection mediated by reduced and oxidized bfdma when combined the results of this T0 suggest the basis of an RPA that could be used to transform lipoplexes actively or ondemand and provide spatial andor temporal control over the transfection of cells in a range of different fundamental and applied contexts

32|109|220|226

groups|oxidized|study|approach

redmond red a fluoropore containing a redoxactive phenoxazine core has been explored as a new electrochemical probe for the detection of abasic sites in doublestranded dna the electrochemical SMB of redmond redmodified dna at gold surfaces exhibits SD quasireversible voltammetry with a midpoint potential centered around mv versus nhe importantly with redmond red positioned opposite an abasic site within the dna duplex the electrochemical response is significantly enhanced compared to redmond red positioned across from a base redmond red reporting only if wellstacked in the duplex represents a sensitive probe to detect abasic sites electrochemically in a dnamediated reaction

28|37

behavior|stable

we report the design and synthesis of an orthogonally protected peptide nucleic acid pna building block fmocpnauddeoh and its use in the construction of pna fret probes this building block allows for the postsynthetic attachment of reporter CG to the amino group attached to the position of uracil u following selective deprotection of the dde group we illustrate the use of this building block for the synthesis of a series of fam cy donor acceptor pairs and their ability to detect a target dna sequence

37

groups

a series of analogues of tetrahydrolipstatin thl were synthesized and tested as inhibitors of the formation or hydrolysis of the endocannabinoid 2-AG ag three of the novel compounds ie and inhibited ag formation via the diacylglycerol lipase alpha daglalpha with ic values lower than nm ic of thl microm and were between and fold selective vs ag hydrolysis by monoacylglycerol lipase magl as well as vs cannabinoid cb and cb receptors and anandamide hydrolysis by HFA NH hydrolase faah three other thl analogues ie and were slightly more potent than thl against daglalpha and appreciably selective vs magl cb receptors and faah fold one compound ie was a potent inhibitor of magllike activity ic microm and relatively approximately fold selective vs the other targets tested

21|75|76

arachidonoylglycerol|fatty acid|amide

a new type of superalkalisuperhalogen compound blix x f lif bef bf is theoretically predicted the interaction between superalkali bli and different shaped superhalogen x is found to be strong and ionic in nature bond energies of these blix species are in the range of kcalmol at the ccsdtaugccpvdz level which are much larger than the traditional ionic bond SE of kcalmol for lif furthermore because of their delocalized electron character these superalkalisuperhalogen species exhibit extraordinarily large first hyperpolarizabilities with beta ranging from to au besides the examination of the variation of nonlinear optical nlo properties with the size of blibefn assemblies shows the dependence of nlo properties on the chain length of blibefn the present investigation gives hints to scientists in extending the research in atomic dimension to direct the interaction between superatoms and using superatoms as building blocks to synthesize novel meaningful materials with unusual properties such as nonlinear optical properties

59

energy

the speciation of uraniumvi in micromolar aqueous solutions at ambient atmosphere was studied by ATR fouriertransform infrared atr ftir spectroscopy and by speciation modeling applying the updated nea thermodynamic database it can be shown that reliable infrared spectra of micromolar uvi solutions are obtained abolishing the restrictions of previous spectroscopic investigations to millimolar concentrations and consequently to the acidic ph range a significant NC of the uvi speciation can be derived from the spectral alterations of the absorption band representing the antisymmetric stretching mode nu of the uo ion observed upon lowering the uvi concentration from the milli to the micromolar range at a constant ph value the acquisition of spectra of diluted uvi solutions allows the increase of the ph up to without the risk of formation of colloidal or solid phases the infrared spectra are compared to the results of the computed speciation patterns although a complete interpretation of the spectra can not be given at this state of knowledge the spectral data strongly suggest the presence of monomeric uvi hydroxo species already showing up at a ph value or and dominating the speciation at ph this is in contradiction to the predicted speciation where the fully hydrated uo is expected to represent the main species at ph values below at ambient ph a more complex speciation is suggested compared to the results of the computational modeling technique the predicted dominance of the uoco complex at ph or was not confirmed by the infrared data however the infrared spectra indicate the formation of hydroxo complexes obviously containing carbonate ligands

14|63

attenuated total reflection|change

an original lowtemperature solidstate route for the preparation of metal betadiketonates in their unsolvated forms has been suggested four new first row divalent transition metal betadiketonates mhfac m mn fe co and ni hfac hexaluoroacetylacetonate have been isolated in quantitative yield compounds have been obtained by comproportionation reaction between the corresponding mhfac and metal powder nihfac has been synthesized by oxidation of metallic Ni with cuhfac all products have been characterized spectroscopically and by xray powder and single crystal diffraction techniques the solid state structures of feature polynuclear molecules in which the coordinatively unsaturated metal centers fulfill an octahedral environment by Le acidbase interactions with the oxygen atoms of diketonate ligands acting in chelatingbridging fashion title transition metal diketonates have been shown to retain their polynuclear structures upon sublimationdeposition procedure as well as in solutions of noncoordinating solvents in coordinating solvents the molecules of quickly form the mononuclear mhfacl l donor solvent complexes

63|101

nickel|lewis