SentenceTransformer based on Snowflake/snowflake-arctic-embed-m
This is a sentence-transformers model finetuned from Snowflake/snowflake-arctic-embed-m. It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 768-dimensional dense vector space and can be used for semantic textual similarity, semantic search, paraphrase mining, text classification, clustering, and more.
Model Details
Model Description
- Model Type: Sentence Transformer
- Base model: Snowflake/snowflake-arctic-embed-m
- Maximum Sequence Length: 512 tokens
- Output Dimensionality: 768 tokens
- Similarity Function: Cosine Similarity
Model Sources
- Documentation: Sentence Transformers Documentation
- Repository: Sentence Transformers on GitHub
- Hugging Face: Sentence Transformers on Hugging Face
Full Model Architecture
SentenceTransformer(
(0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 512, 'do_lower_case': False}) with Transformer model: BertModel
(1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 768, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': True, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': False, 'include_prompt': True})
(2): Normalize()
)
Usage
Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers)
First install the Sentence Transformers library:
pip install -U sentence-transformers
Then you can load this model and run inference.
from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer
# Download from the 🤗 Hub
model = SentenceTransformer("vincha77/finetuned_arctic")
# Run inference
sentences = [
'What rights do applicants have if their application for credit is denied according to the CFPB?',
'information in their credit report." The CFPB has also asserted that "[t]he law gives every applicant the right to \na specific explanation if their application for credit was denied, and that right is not diminished simply because \na company uses a complex algorithm that it doesn\'t understand."92 Such explanations illustrate a shared value \nthat certain decisions need to be explained. \nA California law requires that warehouse employees are provided with notice and explana-\ntion about quotas, potentially facilitated by automated systems, that apply to them. Warehous-\ning employers in California that use quota systems (often facilitated by algorithmic monitoring systems) are \nrequired to provide employees with a written description of each quota that applies to the employee, including \n“quantified number of tasks to be performed or materials to be produced or handled, within the defined',
'even if the inferences are not accurate (e.g., confabulations), and especially if they reveal information \nthat the individual considers sensitive or that is used to disadvantage or harm them. \nBeyond harms from information exposure (such as extortion or dignitary harm), wrong or inappropriate \ninferences of PII can contribute to downstream or secondary harmful impacts. For example, predictive \ninferences made by GAI models based on PII or protected attributes can contribute to adverse decisions, \nleading to representational or allocative harms to individuals or groups (see Harmful Bias and \nHomogenization below).',
]
embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
print(embeddings.shape)
# [3, 768]
# Get the similarity scores for the embeddings
similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings)
print(similarities.shape)
# [3, 3]
Evaluation
Metrics
Information Retrieval
- Evaluated with
InformationRetrievalEvaluator
Metric | Value |
---|---|
cosine_accuracy@1 | 0.98 |
cosine_accuracy@3 | 1.0 |
cosine_accuracy@5 | 1.0 |
cosine_accuracy@10 | 1.0 |
cosine_precision@1 | 0.98 |
cosine_precision@3 | 0.3333 |
cosine_precision@5 | 0.2 |
cosine_precision@10 | 0.1 |
cosine_recall@1 | 0.98 |
cosine_recall@3 | 1.0 |
cosine_recall@5 | 1.0 |
cosine_recall@10 | 1.0 |
cosine_ndcg@10 | 0.9913 |
cosine_mrr@10 | 0.9883 |
cosine_map@100 | 0.9883 |
dot_accuracy@1 | 0.98 |
dot_accuracy@3 | 1.0 |
dot_accuracy@5 | 1.0 |
dot_accuracy@10 | 1.0 |
dot_precision@1 | 0.98 |
dot_precision@3 | 0.3333 |
dot_precision@5 | 0.2 |
dot_precision@10 | 0.1 |
dot_recall@1 | 0.98 |
dot_recall@3 | 1.0 |
dot_recall@5 | 1.0 |
dot_recall@10 | 1.0 |
dot_ndcg@10 | 0.9913 |
dot_mrr@10 | 0.9883 |
dot_map@100 | 0.9883 |
Training Details
Training Dataset
Unnamed Dataset
- Size: 600 training samples
- Columns:
sentence_0
andsentence_1
- Approximate statistics based on the first 600 samples:
sentence_0 sentence_1 type string string details - min: 12 tokens
- mean: 21.21 tokens
- max: 39 tokens
- min: 21 tokens
- mean: 182.02 tokens
- max: 512 tokens
- Samples:
sentence_0 sentence_1 What are the responsibilities of AI Actors in monitoring reported issues related to GAI system performance?
45
MG-4.1-007
Verify that AI Actors responsible for monitoring reported issues can effectively
evaluate GAI system performance including the application of content
provenance data tracking techniques, and promptly escalate issues for response.
Human-AI Configuration;
Information Integrity
AI Actor Tasks: AI Deployment, Affected Individuals and Communities, Domain Experts, End-Users, Human Factors, Operation and
Monitoring
MANAGE 4.2: Measurable activities for continual improvements are integrated into AI system updates and include regular
engagement with interested parties, including relevant AI Actors.
Action ID
Suggested Action
GAI Risks
MG-4.2-001 Conduct regular monitoring of GAI systems and publish reports detailing the
performance, feedback received, and improvements made.
Harmful Bias and Homogenization
MG-4.2-002
Practice and follow incident response plans for addressing the generation ofHow are measurable activities for continual improvements integrated into AI system updates according to the context provided?
45
MG-4.1-007
Verify that AI Actors responsible for monitoring reported issues can effectively
evaluate GAI system performance including the application of content
provenance data tracking techniques, and promptly escalate issues for response.
Human-AI Configuration;
Information Integrity
AI Actor Tasks: AI Deployment, Affected Individuals and Communities, Domain Experts, End-Users, Human Factors, Operation and
Monitoring
MANAGE 4.2: Measurable activities for continual improvements are integrated into AI system updates and include regular
engagement with interested parties, including relevant AI Actors.
Action ID
Suggested Action
GAI Risks
MG-4.2-001 Conduct regular monitoring of GAI systems and publish reports detailing the
performance, feedback received, and improvements made.
Harmful Bias and Homogenization
MG-4.2-002
Practice and follow incident response plans for addressing the generation ofWhat is the main function of the app discussed in Samantha Cole's article from June 26, 2019?
them
10. Samantha Cole. This Horrifying App Undresses a Photo of Any Woman With a Single Click. Motherboard.
June 26, 2019. https://www.vice.com/en/article/kzm59x/deepnude-app-creates-fake-nudes-of-any-woman
11. Lauren Kaori Gurley. Amazon’s AI Cameras Are Punishing Drivers for Mistakes They Didn’t Make.
Motherboard. Sep. 20, 2021. https://www.vice.com/en/article/88npjv/amazons-ai-cameras-are-punishing
drivers-for-mistakes-they-didnt-make
63 - Loss:
MatryoshkaLoss
with these parameters:{ "loss": "MultipleNegativesRankingLoss", "matryoshka_dims": [ 768, 512, 256, 128, 64 ], "matryoshka_weights": [ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ], "n_dims_per_step": -1 }
Training Hyperparameters
Non-Default Hyperparameters
eval_strategy
: stepsper_device_train_batch_size
: 16per_device_eval_batch_size
: 16num_train_epochs
: 5multi_dataset_batch_sampler
: round_robin
All Hyperparameters
Click to expand
overwrite_output_dir
: Falsedo_predict
: Falseeval_strategy
: stepsprediction_loss_only
: Trueper_device_train_batch_size
: 16per_device_eval_batch_size
: 16per_gpu_train_batch_size
: Noneper_gpu_eval_batch_size
: Nonegradient_accumulation_steps
: 1eval_accumulation_steps
: Nonetorch_empty_cache_steps
: Nonelearning_rate
: 5e-05weight_decay
: 0.0adam_beta1
: 0.9adam_beta2
: 0.999adam_epsilon
: 1e-08max_grad_norm
: 1num_train_epochs
: 5max_steps
: -1lr_scheduler_type
: linearlr_scheduler_kwargs
: {}warmup_ratio
: 0.0warmup_steps
: 0log_level
: passivelog_level_replica
: warninglog_on_each_node
: Truelogging_nan_inf_filter
: Truesave_safetensors
: Truesave_on_each_node
: Falsesave_only_model
: Falserestore_callback_states_from_checkpoint
: Falseno_cuda
: Falseuse_cpu
: Falseuse_mps_device
: Falseseed
: 42data_seed
: Nonejit_mode_eval
: Falseuse_ipex
: Falsebf16
: Falsefp16
: Falsefp16_opt_level
: O1half_precision_backend
: autobf16_full_eval
: Falsefp16_full_eval
: Falsetf32
: Nonelocal_rank
: 0ddp_backend
: Nonetpu_num_cores
: Nonetpu_metrics_debug
: Falsedebug
: []dataloader_drop_last
: Falsedataloader_num_workers
: 0dataloader_prefetch_factor
: Nonepast_index
: -1disable_tqdm
: Falseremove_unused_columns
: Truelabel_names
: Noneload_best_model_at_end
: Falseignore_data_skip
: Falsefsdp
: []fsdp_min_num_params
: 0fsdp_config
: {'min_num_params': 0, 'xla': False, 'xla_fsdp_v2': False, 'xla_fsdp_grad_ckpt': False}fsdp_transformer_layer_cls_to_wrap
: Noneaccelerator_config
: {'split_batches': False, 'dispatch_batches': None, 'even_batches': True, 'use_seedable_sampler': True, 'non_blocking': False, 'gradient_accumulation_kwargs': None}deepspeed
: Nonelabel_smoothing_factor
: 0.0optim
: adamw_torchoptim_args
: Noneadafactor
: Falsegroup_by_length
: Falselength_column_name
: lengthddp_find_unused_parameters
: Noneddp_bucket_cap_mb
: Noneddp_broadcast_buffers
: Falsedataloader_pin_memory
: Truedataloader_persistent_workers
: Falseskip_memory_metrics
: Trueuse_legacy_prediction_loop
: Falsepush_to_hub
: Falseresume_from_checkpoint
: Nonehub_model_id
: Nonehub_strategy
: every_savehub_private_repo
: Falsehub_always_push
: Falsegradient_checkpointing
: Falsegradient_checkpointing_kwargs
: Noneinclude_inputs_for_metrics
: Falseeval_do_concat_batches
: Truefp16_backend
: autopush_to_hub_model_id
: Nonepush_to_hub_organization
: Nonemp_parameters
:auto_find_batch_size
: Falsefull_determinism
: Falsetorchdynamo
: Noneray_scope
: lastddp_timeout
: 1800torch_compile
: Falsetorch_compile_backend
: Nonetorch_compile_mode
: Nonedispatch_batches
: Nonesplit_batches
: Noneinclude_tokens_per_second
: Falseinclude_num_input_tokens_seen
: Falseneftune_noise_alpha
: Noneoptim_target_modules
: Nonebatch_eval_metrics
: Falseeval_on_start
: Falseeval_use_gather_object
: Falsebatch_sampler
: batch_samplermulti_dataset_batch_sampler
: round_robin
Training Logs
Epoch | Step | cosine_map@100 |
---|---|---|
1.0 | 38 | 0.965 |
1.3158 | 50 | 0.9783 |
2.0 | 76 | 0.9767 |
2.6316 | 100 | 0.9833 |
3.0 | 114 | 0.9883 |
Framework Versions
- Python: 3.10.12
- Sentence Transformers: 3.1.1
- Transformers: 4.44.2
- PyTorch: 2.4.1+cu121
- Accelerate: 0.34.2
- Datasets: 3.0.0
- Tokenizers: 0.19.1
Citation
BibTeX
Sentence Transformers
@inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert,
title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks",
author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna",
booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
month = "11",
year = "2019",
publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084",
}
MatryoshkaLoss
@misc{kusupati2024matryoshka,
title={Matryoshka Representation Learning},
author={Aditya Kusupati and Gantavya Bhatt and Aniket Rege and Matthew Wallingford and Aditya Sinha and Vivek Ramanujan and William Howard-Snyder and Kaifeng Chen and Sham Kakade and Prateek Jain and Ali Farhadi},
year={2024},
eprint={2205.13147},
archivePrefix={arXiv},
primaryClass={cs.LG}
}
MultipleNegativesRankingLoss
@misc{henderson2017efficient,
title={Efficient Natural Language Response Suggestion for Smart Reply},
author={Matthew Henderson and Rami Al-Rfou and Brian Strope and Yun-hsuan Sung and Laszlo Lukacs and Ruiqi Guo and Sanjiv Kumar and Balint Miklos and Ray Kurzweil},
year={2017},
eprint={1705.00652},
archivePrefix={arXiv},
primaryClass={cs.CL}
}
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- Cosine Precision@3 on Unknownself-reported0.333
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- Cosine Precision@10 on Unknownself-reported0.100
- Cosine Recall@1 on Unknownself-reported0.980
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