projecte-aina/aina-translator-ca-es

Aina Project's Catalan-Spanish machine translation model

Model description

This model was trained from scratch using the Fairseq toolkit on a combination of Catalan-Spanish datasets, up to 92 million sentences. Additionally, the model is evaluated on several public datasecomprising 5 different domains (general, adminstrative, technology, biomedical, and news).

Intended uses and limitations

You can use this model for machine translation from Catalan to Spanish.

How to use

Usage

Required libraries:

pip install ctranslate2 pyonmttok

Translate a sentence using python

import ctranslate2
import pyonmttok
from huggingface_hub import snapshot_download
model_dir = snapshot_download(repo_id="projecte-aina/aina-translator-ca-es", revision="main")

tokenizer=pyonmttok.Tokenizer(mode="none", sp_model_path = model_dir + "/spm.model")
tokenized=tokenizer.tokenize("Benvingut al projecte Aina!")

translator = ctranslate2.Translator(model_dir)
translated = translator.translate_batch([tokenized[0]])
print(tokenizer.detokenize(translated[0][0]['tokens']))

Limitations and bias

At the time of submission, no measures have been taken to estimate the bias and toxicity embedded in the model. However, we are well aware that our models may be biased. We intend to conduct research in these areas in the future, and if completed, this model card will be updated.

Training

Training data

The was trained on a combination of the following datasets:

Dataset	Sentences	Tokens
DOGC v2	8.472.786	188.929.206
El Periodico	6.483.106	145.591.906
EuroParl	1.876.669	49.212.670
WikiMatrix	1.421.077	34.902.039
Wikimedia	335.955	8.682.025
QED	71.867	1.079.705
TED2020 v1	52.177	836.882
CCMatrix v1	56.103.820	1.064.182.320
MultiCCAligned v1	2.433.418	48.294.144
ParaCrawl	15.327.808	334.199.408
Total	92.578.683	1.875.910.305

Training procedure

Data preparation

All datasets are concatenated and filtered using the mBERT Gencata parallel filter and cleaned using the clean-corpus-n.pl script from moses, allowing sentences between 5 and 150 words.

Before training, the punctuation is normalized using a modified version of the join-single-file.py script from SoftCatalà

Tokenization

All data is tokenized using sentencepiece, with 50 thousand token sentencepiece model learned from the combination of all filtered training data. This model is included.

Hyperparameters

The model is based on the Transformer-XLarge proposed by Subramanian et al. The following hyperparamenters were set on the Fairseq toolkit:

Hyperparameter	Value
Architecture	transformer_vaswani_wmt_en_de_bi
Embedding size	1024
Feedforward size	4096
Number of heads	16
Encoder layers	24
Decoder layers	6
Normalize before attention	True
--share-decoder-input-output-embed	True
--share-all-embeddings	True
Effective batch size	96.000
Optimizer	adam
Adam betas	(0.9, 0.980)
Clip norm	0.0
Learning rate	1e-3
Lr. schedurer	inverse sqrt
Warmup updates	4000
Dropout	0.1
Label smoothing	0.1

The model was trained using shards of 10 million sentences, for a total of 13.000 updates. Weights were saved every 1000 updates and reported results are the average of the last 6 checkpoints.

Evaluation

Variable and metrics

We use the BLEU score for evaluation on test sets: Flores-101, TaCon, United Nations, Cybersecurity, wmt19 biomedical test set, wmt13 news test set

Evaluation results

Below are the evaluation results on the machine translation from Catalan to Spanish compared to Softcatalà and Google Translate:

Test set	SoftCatalà	Google Translate	aina-translator-ca-es
Spanish Constitution	70,7	77,1	88,3
United Nations	78,1	84,3	87,3
Flores 101 dev	23,5	24	24,2
Flores 101 devtest	24,1	24,2	24,7
Cybersecurity	67,3	76,9	78,2
wmt 19 biomedical	60,4	62,7	64,1
wmt 13 news	22,5	23,1	23,7
Average	53,4	53,2	55,1

Additional information

Author

The Language Technologies Unit from Barcelona Supercomputing Center.

Contact

For further information, please send an email to langtech@bsc.es.

Copyright

Copyright(c) 2023 by Language Technologies Unit, Barcelona Supercomputing Center.

License

Apache License, Version 2.0

Funding

This work has been promoted and financed by the Generalitat de Catalunya through the Aina project.

Disclaimer

Click to expand

The model published in this repository is intended for a generalist purpose and is available to third parties under a permissive Apache License, Version 2.0.

Be aware that the model may have biases and/or any other undesirable distortions.

When third parties deploy or provide systems and/or services to other parties using this model (or any system based on it) or become users of the model, they should note that it is their responsibility to mitigate the risks arising from its use and, in any event, to comply with applicable regulations, including regulations regarding the use of Artificial Intelligence.

In no event shall the owner and creator of the model (Barcelona Supercomputing Center) be liable for any results arising from the use made by third parties.