Datasets:

vlkn

/

deft_definitions

like 0

Formal education describes the learning of academic facts and concepts through a formal curriculum.

Formal education

This kind of quantitative data — research collected in numerical form that can be counted — are easy to tabulate.

quantitative data

The power in an oligarchy is held by a small, elite group.

an oligarchy

The French king was executed in January 1793, and the next two years became known as the Terror, a period of extreme violence against perceived enemies of the revolutionary government.

the Terror

Behavior is the change in activity of an organism in response to a stimulus.

Behavior

The cytochrome complex, an enzyme composed of two protein complexes, transfers the electrons from the carrier molecule plastoquinone( Pq) to the protein plastocyanin( Pc), thus enabling both the transfer of protons across the thylakoid membrane and the transfer of electrons from PSII to PSI.

The cytochrome complex

The term personality refers loosely to one ’s stable, consistent, and distinctive way of thinking about, feeling, acting, and relating to the world.

personality

The organic and inorganic material in which soils form is the parent material.

the parent material

Our perceptions are based on perceptual hypotheses : educated guesses that we make while interpreting sensory information.

perceptual hypotheses

But while a current in a circuit needs a complete path, an antenna has a varying charge distribution forming a standing wave, driven by the AC.

an antenna

While the sympathetic nervous system is activated in stressful situations, the parasympathetic nervous system allows an animal to “ rest and digest. ”

the parasympathetic nervous system

A firm ’s first sale of stock to the public is called an initial public offering( IPO).

an initial public offering IPO

We experience congruence when our thoughts about our real self and ideal self are very similar — in other words, when our self - concept is accurate.

congruence

In Müllerian mimicry, multiple species share the same warning coloration, but all of them actually have defenses.

Müllerian mimicry

Animals communicate with each other using stimuli known as signals.

signals

The occipital cortex is organized retinotopically, which means there is a close relationship between the position of an object in a person ’s visual field and the position of that object ’s representation on the cortex.

The occipital cortex retinotopically

The basolateral complex has dense connections with a variety of sensory areas of the brain.

The basolateral complex

The molarity of a solution is the number of moles of solute per liter of solution.

The molarity of a solution

Recall that vectors are quantities that have both magnitude and direction.)

vectors

Pain that signals some type of tissue damage is known as inflammatory pain.

inflammatory pain

This process of cell division is called mitosis.

mitosis

Still other viruses affect the plant by directly killing plant cells, a process known as cell necrosis.

cell necrosis

The connection between the sister chromatids is closest in a region called the centromere.

the centromere

Hearing is the perception of sound, just as vision is the perception of visible light.

Hearing vision

Organs are collections of tissues grouped together performing a common function.

Organs

The metatarsals are the five bones of the foot.

The metatarsals

Myopia( nearsightedness) occurs when an eyeball is elongated and the image focus falls in front of the retina.

Myopia

As mentioned in the previous section, the cognitive revolution created an impetus for psychologists to focus their attention on better understanding the mind and mental processes that underlie behavior.

the cognitive revolution

All healthy babies are born with newborn reflexes : inborn automatic responses to particular forms of stimulation.

newborn reflexes

When two variables are correlated, it simply means that as one variable changes, so does the other.

correlated

In fact, one of New York ’s first newspapers, the New York Weekly Journal, began under John Peter Zenger in 1733 with the goal of routing corruption in the colonial government.

the New York Weekly Journal

The visible spectrum is the portion of the larger electromagnetic spectrum that we can see.

The visible spectrum

The competitive exclusion principle states that two species can not occupy the same niche in a habitat.

The competitive exclusion principle

The long - run equilibrium is shown in the figure at point Y, where the firm ’s perceived demand curve touches the average cost curve.

The long - run equilibrium

The expenditure - output model, sometimes also called the Keynesian cross diagram, determines the equilibrium level of real GDP by the point where the total or aggregate expenditures in the economy are equal to the amount of output produced.

The expenditure - output model the Keynesian cross diagram

This was followed by the Education for all Handicapped Children Act of 1975, which required public schools to educate children with disabilities.

the Education for all Handicapped Children Act of 1975

When the income elasticity of demand is negative, the good is called an inferior good. The concepts of normal and inferior goods were introduced in Demand and Supply.

an inferior good

A simplified theory of color vision is that there are three primary colors corresponding to the three types of cones.

A simplified theory of color vision

Contour feathers are the feathers found on the body, and they help reduce drag produced by wind resistance during flight.

Contour feathers

People who exist in the same place at the same time but who do not interact or share a sense of identity — such as a bunch of people standing in line at Starbucks — are considered an aggregate, or a crowd.

an aggregate a crowd

The bank will be more willing to make what are called “ subprime loans, ” which are loans that have characteristics like low or zero down - payment, little scrutiny of whether the borrower has a reliable income, and sometimes low payments for the first year or two that will be followed by much higher payments after that.

subprime loans

In contrast, a person who has psychological dependence has an emotional, rather than physical, need for the drug and may use the drug to relieve psychological distress.

psychological dependence

In this process, known as confirmation bias, we seek out information that supports our stereotypes and ignore information that is inconsistent with our stereotypes( Wason & Johnson - Laird, 1972).

confirmation bias

Executive Order 9066, signed by Roosevelt on February 19, 1942, gave the army power to remove people from “ military areas ” to prevent sabotage or espionage.

Executive Order 9066

In the bacterial context, the fragment of DNA from the human genome( or the genome of another organism that is being studied) is referred to as foreign DNA, or a transgene, to differentiate it from the DNA of the bacterium, which is called the host DNA.

foreign DNA a transgene the host DNA

Resistors are in series whenever the flow of charge, called the current, must flow through devices sequentially.

Resistors

In transduction, bacteriophages, the viruses that infect bacteria, sometimes also move short pieces of chromosomal DNA from one bacterium to another.

transduction

A darkly staining area within the nucleus called the nucleolus( plural = nucleoli) aggregates the ribosomal RNA with associated proteins to assemble the ribosomal subunits that are then transported out through the pores in the nuclear envelope to the cytoplasm.

the nucleolus

More specifically, the disturbances of waves are superimposed when they come together — a phenomenon called superposition.

superposition

The innermost group of structures in the flower is the gynoecium, or the female reproductive component( s).

the gynoecium the female reproductive component ( s )

Sociologists distinguish subcultures from countercultures, which are a type of subculture that rejects some of the larger culture ’s norms and values.

countercultures

A cohort is a group of people who share a statistical or demographic trait.

A cohort

Nutrients that plants require in larger amounts are called macronutrients.

macronutrients

In 2014, in the case of McCullen v. Coakley, the U.S. Supreme Court struck down the law that created a buffer zone between protestors and clinic entrances.

the case of McCullen v. Coakley

Dendritic cells are immune cells that process antigen material ; they are present in the skin( Langerhans cells) and the lining of the nose, lungs, stomach, and intestines.

Dendritic cells

Differences in breeding schedules, called temporal isolation, can act as a form of reproductive isolation.

temporal isolation

Proteins are one of the most abundant organic molecules in living systems and have the most diverse range of functions of all macromolecules.

Proteins

In a healthy society, all parts work together to maintain stability, a state called dynamic equilibrium by later sociologists such as Parsons( 1961).

dynamic equilibrium

Conflict theorists point to tracking, a formalized sorting system that places students on “ tracks ”( advanced versus low achievers) that perpetuate inequalities.

tracking

These gaps are called nodes of Ranvier and are sites where the signal is “ recharged ” as it travels along the axon.

nodes of Ranvier

This is the percentage of adults in an economy who are either employed or who are unemployed and looking for a job.

This

A species ’ life history describes the series of events over its lifetime, such as how resources are allocated for growth, maintenance, and reproduction.

A species ’ life history

Merkel ’s disks respond to light pressure, while Ruffini corpuscles detect stretch( Abraira & Ginty, 2013).

Merkel ’s disks Ruffini corpuscles

First, interstate commerce was interpreted broadly to mean “ commercial intercourse ” among states, thus allowing Congress to regulate navigation.

interstate commerce

A thermal hazard is one where excessive electric power causes undesired thermal effects, such as starting a fire in the wall of a house.

A thermal hazard

The point where the supply curve( S) and the demand curve( D) cross, designated by point E in, is called the equilibrium.

the equilibrium

Parasitism describes a symbiotic relationship in which one member of the association benefits at the expense of the other.

Parasitism

The Mexican Cession, as the conquest of land west of the Rio Grande was called, included the current states of California, New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, Utah, and portions of Colorado and Wyoming.

The Mexican Cession

A collision in which the objects stick together is sometimes called a perfectly inelastic collision because it reduces internal kinetic energy more than does any other type of inelastic collision.

a perfectly inelastic collision

A commensal relationship occurs when one species benefits from the close, prolonged interaction, while the other neither benefits nor is harmed.

A commensal relationship

Financial capital markets bridge this gap : that is, they find ways to take the inflow of funds from many separate suppliers of financial capital and transform it into the funds desired by demanders of financial capital.

Financial capital markets

The early portion of stage 1 sleep produces alpha waves, which are relatively low frequency( 8 – 13 Hz), high amplitude patterns of electrical activity( waves) that become synchronized.

The early portion of stage 1 sleep

A random sample is a subset of a larger population in which every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected.

A random sample

A monopolistically competitive firm perceives a demand for its goods that is an intermediate case between monopoly and competition.

A monopolistically competitive firm

Columbus ’s 1493 letter — or probanza de mérito( proof of merit) — describing his “ discovery ” of a New World did much to inspire excitement in Europe.

Columbus ’s 1493 letter probanza de mérito

A Punnett square, devised by the British geneticist Reginald Punnett, can be drawn that applies the rules of probability to predict the possible outcomes of a genetic cross or mating and their expected frequencies.

A Punnett square Reginald Punnett

Blood pressure pulsates because of the pumping action of the heart, reaching a maximum, called systolic pressure, and a minimum, called diastolic pressure, with each heartbeat.

systolic pressure diastolic pressure

Digestion and AbsorptionDigestion is the mechanical and chemical break down of food into small organic fragments.

AbsorptionDigestion

This process is called organogenesis.

organogenesis

Early in development, when female mammalian embryos consist of just a few thousand cells( relative to trillions in the newborn), one X chromosome in each cell inactivates by tightly condensing into a quiescent( dormant) structure called a Barr body.

a Barr body

Ballot fatigue occurs when someone votes only for the top or important ballot positions, such as president or governor, and stops voting rather than continue to the bottom of a long ballot.

Ballot fatigue

This led to haze - effect cooling, a global phenomenon that occurs when dust, ash, or other suspended particles block out sunlight and trigger lower global temperatures as a result ; haze - effect cooling usually extends for one or more years.

haze - effect cooling

Microphylls are present in the club mosses and probably preceded the development of megaphylls, or “ big leaves ”, which are larger leaves with a pattern of branching veins.

Microphylls big leaves

The mitochondria - first hypothesis proposes that mitochondria were first established in a prokaryotic host( b), which subsequently acquired a nucleus, by fusion or other mechanisms, to become the first eukaryotic cell.

The mitochondria - first hypothesis

Gene therapy is used to treat genetic diseases such as severe combined immunodeficiency( SCID), a heritable, recessive disease in which children are born with severely compromised immune systems.

severe combined immunodeficiency SCID

The branch that enters the glomerulus is called the afferent arteriole.

the afferent arteriole

Community dynamics are the changes in community structure and composition over time.

Community dynamics

Three years later, national regulatory capacity was broadened by the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890, which made it illegal to monopolize or attempt to monopolize and conspire in restraining commerce( Figure 03_02_Commerce).

the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890

This was long after the passage of the Fourteenth Amendment in 1868, which granted citizenship to African Americans but not, the Supreme Court decided in Elk v. Wilkins( 1884), to Native Americans.

the Fourteenth Amendment

Fluorescence is defined to be any process in which an atom or molecule, excited by a photon of a given energy, and de - excites by emission of a lower - energy photon. Fluorescence can be induced by many types of energy input.

Fluorescence

Basal angiosperms are a group of plants that are believed to have branched off before the separation into monocots and eudicots because they exhibit traits from both groups.

Basal angiosperms

The name laser is an acronym for light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation, the process just described.

laser

Wakefulness is characterized by high levels of sensory awareness, thought, and behavior.

Wakefulness

In politics and business, a quorum is the minimum number of members required to be present to vote on an issue.

a quorum

The next year, Congress passed the Homeland Security Act, creating the Department of Homeland Security, which centralized control over a number of different government functions in order to better control threats at home.

the Homeland Security Act the Department of Homeland Security

The microsporangia, which are usually bi - lobed, are pollen sacs in which the microspores develop into pollen grains.

The microsporangia

Most mammals are diphyodonts, meaning that they have two sets of teeth in their lifetime : deciduous or “ baby ” teeth, and permanent teeth.

diphyodonts

Reactions that have a negative ∆G and consequently release free energy are called exergonic reactions.

exergonic reactions

Budding yeasts are able to participate in a process that is similar to sexual reproduction that entails two haploid cells( cells with one - half the normal number of chromosomes) combining to form a diploid cell( a cell with two sets of each chromosome, which is what normal body cells contain).

haploid cells a diploid cell

The cnidarians perform extracellular digestion in which the food is taken into the gastrovascular cavity, enzymes are secreted into the cavity, and the cells lining the cavity absorb nutrients.

The cnidarians