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Petals, collectively the corolla, are located inside the whorl of sepals and often display vivid colors to attract pollinators. | Petals |
Insulin is produced by the pancreas in response to rising blood glucose levels and allows cells to utilize blood glucose and store excess glucose for later use. | Insulin |
In contrast, instrumental aggression is motivated by achieving a goal and does not necessarily involve intent to cause pain( Berkowitz, 1993) ; a contract killer who murders for hire displays instrumental aggression. | instrumental aggression |
Hormonal stimuli refers to the release of a hormone in response to another hormone. | Hormonal stimuli |
This replacement of appointed federal officials is called rotation in office. | rotation in office |
The atrium collects blood that has returned from the body and the ventricle pumps the blood to the gills where gas exchange occurs and the blood is re - oxygenated ; this is called gill circulation. | gill circulation |
In 1945, sociologists Kingsley Davis and Wilbert Moore published the Davis - Moore thesis, which argued that the greater the functional importance of a social role, the greater must be the reward. | the Davis - Moore thesis |
The region just before the protein - coding region is called the 5 ' UTR, whereas the region after the coding region is called the 3 ' UTR. | the 5 ' UTR the 3 ' UTR ( [ link ] ) |
Psychoanalytic theory focuses on the role of a person ’s unconscious, as well as early childhood experiences, and this particular perspective dominated clinical psychology for several decades( Thorne & Henley, 2005). | Psychoanalytic theory |
In contrast, weather refers to the conditions of the atmosphere during a short period of time. | weather |
A nonprofit watchdog organization, called Citizens against Government Waste, produces an annual report, the Pig Book that attempts to quantify the amount of pork - barrel spending, focusing on items that were requested by only one member of Congress, that were passed into law without any public hearings, or that serve only a local purpose. | Citizens against Government Waste |
Cognitive empathy, also known as theory - of - mind( which we discussed earlier with regard to egocentrism), relates to the ability to take the perspective of others and feel concern for others( Shamay - Tsoory, Tomer, & Aharon - Peretz, 2005). | Cognitive empathy theory - of - mind |
The cytoplasm is the entire region of a cell between the plasma membrane and the nuclear envelope( a structure to be discussed shortly). | The cytoplasm |
These changes, called cytopathic( causing cell damage) effects, can change cell functions or even destroy the cell. | cytopathic effects |
An important component of disease prevention and control is epidemiology, or the study of the incidence, distribution, and possible control of diseases. | epidemiology |
The cell body contains a specialized structure, the axon hillock that integrates signals from multiple synapses and serves as a junction between the cell body and an axon. | the axon hillock |
Another ingredient of M2 are the relatively small( that is, less than about $ 100,000) certificates of deposit( CDs) or time deposits, which are accounts that the depositor has committed to leaving in the bank for a certain period of time, ranging from a few months to a few years, in exchange for a higher interest rate. | certificates of deposit CDs time deposits |
Those committed to rolling back the tide of Radical Reconstruction in the South called themselves redeemers, a label that expressed their desire to redeem their states from northern control and to restore the antebellum social order whereby blacks were kept safely under the boot heel of whites. | redeemers |
Later, sociologist Manual Castells( 1998) added the term fourth world to refer to stigmatized minority groups that were denied a political voice all over the globe( indigenous minority populations, prisoners, and the homeless, for example). | fourth world |
In 1924, the Indian Citizenship Act granted citizenship to all Native Americans born after its passage. | the Indian Citizenship Act |
One is natural monopoly, where the barriers to entry are something other than legal prohibition. | natural monopoly |
An especially lengthy and deep recession is called a depression. | a depression |
The diaphysis, or central shaft, contains bone marrow in a marrow cavity. | The diaphysis central shaft |
Most representative governments favor majority rule : the opinions of the majority of the people have more influence with government than those of the minority. | majority rule |
They are caused by nondisjunction, which occurs when pairs of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids fail to separate during meiosis. | nondisjunction |
Each organ of the fetus develops during a specific period in the pregnancy, called the critical or sensitive period. | the critical or sensitive period |
Suicide, defined by the CDC as “ death caused by self - directed injurious behavior with any intent to die as the result of the behavior ”( CDC, 2013a), in a sense represents an outcome of several things going wrong all at the same time Crosby, Ortega, & Melanson, 2011). | Suicide |
As the word monogastric suggests, this type of digestive system consists of one( “ mono ”) stomach chamber( “ gastric ”). | monogastric this type of digestive system |
Labor productivity is the value that each employed person creates per unit of his or her input. | Labor productivity |
A significant decline in real GDP is called a recession. | a recession |
Confidentiality means the therapist can not disclose confidential communications to any third party unless mandated or permitted by law to do so. | Confidentiality |
Through the work of scientists in the late 18th century, the main features of the electrostatic force — the existence of two types of charge, the observation that like charges repel, unlike charges attract, and the decrease of force with distance — were eventually refined, and expressed as a mathematical formula. | the electrostatic force |
The other kind of international financial investment, portfolio investment, involves a purely financial investment that does not entail any management responsibility. | portfolio investment |
The SI unit for mass is the kilogram( abbreviated kg) ; it is defined to be the mass of a platinum - iridium cylinder kept with the old meter standard at the International Bureau of Weights and Measures near Paris. | the kilogram kg |
Anti - dumping laws block imports that are sold below the cost of production by imposing tariffs that increase the price of these imports to reflect their cost of production. | Anti - dumping laws |
Catabolic pathways involve the degradation( or breakdown) of complex molecules into simpler ones. | Catabolic pathways |
Conception occurs when sperm fertilizes an egg and forms a zygote. | Conception |
An isomerase is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of a molecule into one of its isomers. | An isomerase |
The larval stage of a frog, the tadpole, is often a filter - feeding herbivore. | the tadpole |
The initiator tRNA interacts with the start codon AUG( or rarely, GUG), links to a formylated methionine called fMet, and can also bind IF-2. | The initiator tRNA |
In a direct democracy, unlike representative democracy, people participate directly in making government decisions. | a direct democracy |
The eye - brain color - sensing system can, by comparing various objects in its view, perceive the true color of an object under varying lighting conditions — an ability that is called color constancy. | color constancy |
It is clearly possible — and perhaps sometimes necessary — for a converging economy( the economy of a country that demonstrates the ability to catch up to the technology leaders) to live with a degree of uncertainty over inflation that would be politically unacceptable in the high - income economies. | a converging economy |
Another method of cost - sharing is coinsurance, which means that the insurance company covers a certain percentage of the cost. | coinsurance |
Democracy is sometimes summed up( and oversimplified) in two words : “ Majority rule. ” | Democracy |
Natural concepts are created “ naturally ” through your experiences and can be developed from either direct or indirect experiences. | Natural concepts |
The act ’s Merit Systems Protection Board is a quasi - juridical institutional board headed by three members appointed by the president and confirmed by the Senate that hears complaints, conducts investigations into possible abuses, and institutes protections for bureaucrats who speak out. | Merit Systems Protection Board |
Asylums were the first institutions created for the specific purpose of housing people with psychological disorders, but the focus was ostracizing them from society rather than treating their disorders. | Asylums |
T cells are lymphocytes that mature in the thymus gland, and B cells are lymphocytes that mature in the bone marrow. | T cells B cells |
Eversion is the opposite of inversion, movement of the sole of the foot outward, away from the midline of the body. | Eversion |
A representative sample is a subset of the population that accurately represents the general population. | A representative sample |
What makes them the first true seed plants is that they developed structures called cupules to enclose and protect the ovule — the female gametophyte and associated tissues — which develops into a seed upon fertilization. | the ovule |
The shoot system consists of two portions : the vegetative( non - reproductive) parts of the plant, such as the leaves and the stems, and the reproductive parts of the plant, which include flowers and fruits. | The shoot system |
Gibberellins( GAs) are a group of about 125 closely related plant hormones that stimulate shoot elongation, seed germination, and fruit and flower maturation. | Gibberellins GAs |
The colony was small, consisting of only 117 people, who suffered a poor relationship with the local Indians, the Croatans, and struggled to survive in their new land. | the Croatans |
When discussing the structure of the government under the new constitution, the delegates from Virginia called for a bicameral legislature consisting of two houses. | a bicameral legislature |
A key turning point was the court ’s ruling in Planned Parenthood v. Casey in 1992, in which a plurality of the court rejected Roe ’s framework based on trimesters of pregnancy and replaced it with the undue burden test, which allows restrictions prior to viability that are not “ substantial obstacle[s] ”( undue burdens) to women seeking an abortion. | the undue burden test |
The tibia, or shinbone, is a large bone of the leg that is located directly below the knee. | The tibia shinbone |
A detrital food web consists of a base of organisms that feed on decaying organic matter( dead organisms), called decomposers or detritivores. | A detrital food web decomposers detritivores |
An individual receiving a PET scan drinks or is injected with a mildly radioactive substance, called a tracer. | a tracer |
The word Gestalt roughly translates to “ whole ; ” a major emphasis of Gestalt psychology deals with the fact that although a sensory experience can be broken down into individual parts, how those parts relate to each other as a whole is often what the individual responds to in perception. | Gestalt psychology |
The collective unconscious is a universal version of the personal unconscious, holding mental patterns, or memory traces, which are common to all of us( Jung, 1928). | The collective unconscious |
In 2012, in Arizona v. United States, the U.S. Supreme Court struck down those provisions of the law that made it a state crime to reside in the United States illegally, forbade undocumented immigrants to take jobs, and allowed the police to arrest those suspected of being illegal immigrants. | Arizona v. United States |
Wetlands are different from lakes because wetlands are shallow bodies of water whereas lakes vary in depth. | wetlands |
Fusion of the male and females gametes forms the diploid zygote, which develops into the sporophyte. | the diploid zygote |
The difference in total charge between the inside and outside of the cell is called the membrane potential. | the membrane potential |
Heirloom seeds come from plants that were traditionally grown in human populations, as opposed to the seeds used for large - scale agricultural production. | Heirloom seeds |
Both of these factors contribute to job strain, a work situation that combines excessive job demands and workload with little discretion in decision making or job control( Karasek & Theorell, 1990). | job strain |
A trait is defined as a variation in the physical appearance of a heritable characteristic. | A trait |
Critical pressure is the minimum pressure needed for liquid to exist at the critical temperature. | Critical pressure |
Let ’s look at the first sin of the forgetting errors : transience, which means that memories can fade over time. | transience |
The phase change from solid to gas is called sublimation. | sublimation |
The pineal gland, an endocrine structure located inside the brain that releases melatonin, is thought to be involved in the regulation of various biological rhythms and of the immune system during sleep( Hardeland, Pandi - Perumal, & Cardinali, 2006). | The pineal gland |
Piaget ’s third stage is the concrete operational stage, which occurs from about 7 to 11 years old. | the concrete operational stage |
Sleep apnea is defined by episodes during which a sleeper ’s breathing stops. | Sleep apnea |
In contrast to the instinctual i d and the rule - based superego, the ego is the rational part of our personality. | the ego |
This is called adaptive radiation because many adaptations evolve from a single point of origin ; thus, causing the species to radiate into several new ones. | adaptive radiation |
Some sociologists study social facts, which are the laws, morals, values, religious beliefs, customs, fashions, rituals, and all of the cultural rules that govern social life, that may contribute to these changes in the family. | social facts |
Stated in words, Archimedes ’ principle is as follows : The buoyant force on an object equals the weight of the fluid it displaces. | Archimedes ’ principle |
The bottom line remains, however, that every sale represents income to someone, and so, Say ’s law argues, a given value of supply must create an equivalent value of demand somewhere else in the economy. | Say ’s law |
Many molecules that are biologically important are macromolecules, large molecules that are typically formed by polymerization( a polymer is a large molecule that is made by combining smaller units called monomers, which are simpler than macromolecules). | macromolecules a polymer |
The phytochromes are a family of chromoproteins with a linear tetrapyrrole chromophore, similar to the ringed tetrapyrrole light - absorbing head group of chlorophyll. | The phytochromes |
Radial glia serve as scaffolds for developing neurons as they migrate to their end destinations. | Radial glia |
As the name suggests, biopsychology explores how our biology influences our behavior. | biopsychology |
Sounds below 20 Hz are called infrasound, whereas those above 20,000 Hz are ultrasound. | infrasound ultrasound |
Diarthroses are joints that allow for free movement of the joint, as in synovial joints. | Diarthroses |
One policy category, known as distributive policy, tends to collect payments or resources from many but concentrates direct benefits on relatively few. | distributive policy |
It is also useful to define ecosystem diversity, meaning the number of different ecosystems on the planet or in a given geographic area. | ecosystem diversity |
The Fourth Amendment, which protects Americans from unwarranted search and seizure of their property, was also new. | The Fourth Amendment |
Sociologists, he stated, must establish value neutrality, a practice of remaining impartial, without bias or judgment, during the course of a study and in publishing results( 1949). | value neutrality |
During interphase, the cell grows and DNA is replicated. | interphase |
The manner in which solar energy travels is described as waves. | waves |
In a very general sense, positive psychology can be thought of as the science of happiness ; it is an area of study that seeks to identify and promote those qualities that lead to greater fulfillment in our lives. | positive psychology |
When a price, wage, or interest rate is adjusted automatically with inflation, it is said to be indexed. | indexed |
The labia majora are a pair of elongated folds of tissue that run posterior from the mons pubis and enclose the other components of the vulva. | The labia majora |
Those organisms that can not be cultured but are not dead are in a viable - but - non - culturable( VBNC) state. | a viable - but - non - culturable VBNC state |
Instantaneous speed is the magnitude of instantaneous velocity. | Instantaneous speed |
This digital divide has led to the second form, a knowledge gap, which is, as it sounds, an ongoing and increasing gap in information for those who have less access to technology. | a knowledge gap |
Both are cut at an oblique angle( any angle other than a right angle), placed in close contact with each other, and are then held together. | an oblique angle |
Attempts to integrate public schools through the use of busing — transporting students from one segregated neighborhood to another to achieve more racially balanced schools — were particularly unpopular and helped contribute to “ white flight ” from cities to the suburbs. Sokol, 175–177. | busing |