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What is Sales Management: Key Principles
Check out why sales management is important, its objectives, functions, and effective strategies
Sales management is the process that entails developing new selling strategies, gathering and training sales teams, and coordinating the practices aimed at pursuing a company’s sales goals. It helps businesses create excellent sales teams, develop good relationships with their consumers, reduce costs, and reach sales targets.
In the video below, Brian Tracy unveils three essential skills you need for your successful and effective sales management.
Why is sales management important?
Sales Management Objectives
Functions of Sales Management
Key Principles of Sales Management
5 Sales Management Strategies
In this article, we’ll explain why sales management is essential and talk about its objectives, functions, and key principles. In addition, we’ll walk you through five sales management strategies.
An effective sales management process is a must-have for any company. It helps reach your sales objectives, control sales processes, close deals faster, boost your sales performance, and thrive in a highly competitive environment. It also plays a significant role in the optimization of lead qualification. With planning, coordination, and control, a salesperson can ensure the quality of their selling process and make a company scale.
With sales management, companies reduce costs on the distribution of their products and receive great profits. The process enables business owners to improve communication among their team members, build relationships with prospects and customers, effectively introduce new products, and increase the production of goods that are in great demand among consumers.
Now that you know why sales management is important, let’s proceed to the next section with sales management objectives.
Each company sets business aims it wants to achieve within a certain time. Although all businesses develop in their own way and, in theory, set different goals, most of them are often very similar.
The objectives can be divided into short and long-term. In the group of short-term goals, we can single out retaining and capturing the market share and defining sales volume to make a business profitable. Objectives that need to be implemented over a long time include retaining a certain percentage of customers, assisting in training sales representatives, supporting sales teams with technical advice, and tracking, collecting, and analyzing any sales information.
As you see, the sales objectives of all businesses are pretty similar. Now that you are acquainted with them, let’s walk you through their functions.
Sales management isn’t only about managing sales and ensuring that customers are satisfied with the process. In general, it implies making sure that sales reps do a great job, planning and setting targets, and monitoring the efficiency of the sales process. Let’s take a look at its functions in more detail.
Setting targets. Establishing unrealistic goals can have a negative influence on your company. That’s why to reap benefits from your business, you need to select the right and realistic targets to reach. Use the reports of your sales team to identify the target it’s possible to achieve. However, remember that the previous performance doesn’t necessarily predict the future actions of your customers.
Identifying quality leads. At any time, there might be many potential customers who need information about your product. Your task is to make sure that salespeople can find a unique approach to each of them and act quickly. Make sure that your sales team can identify quality leads and make them convert.
Improving the efficiency of your sales process. Identifying good leads is one of the ways to optimize your sales process. However, you should also be ready to improve the efficiency and speed of your sales process. You can use a software solution to be able to assign tasks to people who understand a particular process better. Say, if users land on your site and show interest in your product, it’s better to assign them to a sales representative who has a profound knowledge of your product, starting from the most basic information. By sending email campaigns to your leads and clients, you can build trusting relationships with them. You can consider using SendPulse to automate your email send-out.
Monitoring the performance of your salespeople. To see the progress in your team’s work, you need to track your salespeople’s performance and the value they bring. It’s a good idea to encourage your team members with rewards for a well-done job. For underperformers, you can prepare some additional training to master their skills.
Analyzing the reports. Reports are necessary to collect information and make decisions. Consider the received data when assigning tasks and defining short-term objectives for sales teams. Moreover, look for things that hinder attaining your company’s goals.
Now that you are aware of the functions, we need to explore the fundamentals of sales management.
Sales managers act according to the targets entrepreneurs set. To achieve these goals, your sales team should comply with the following principles.
Consistency. The success of the sales process relies on several factors, and one of the most important of them is consistency. Although it’s difficult to achieve, it’s worth your time and effort. Consistency allows you to close deals faster, build better relationships with customers, and improve sales. Make sure to provide your salespeople with clear instructions about each stage of the sales funnel, teach them how to behave with consumers, and ask for reports to monitor the progress.
A degree of independence. For sure, a sales manager can’t do everything alone. You can give your team a chance to do some tasks independently and track the results. As an option, consider giving some extra tasks to your top performers and rewarding them for closing the deals. This way, you will show trust in their work and encourage your team to bring good results.
Equality among the members of your team. Remember to treat every member of your team equally and show respect. There is no need to put some salespeople above others or give preferential treatment. You should adjust your sales targets and expected standards instead.
Conviction. Being a sales representative isn’t easy. It implies understanding customers from the way they communicate and finding arguments to make them buy your products. Salespeople often face criticism, counterarguments, and some negative feedback. If you aim to handle clients’ objections better and improve customer retention, your sales team needs to enhance their communication skills, be more confident, and have good product knowledge.
The principles are clear, so let’s jump into sales management strategies.
Set realistic targets
Find the right people for your team
Educate your salespeople and give feedback
Reward your top performers
Measure the progress of your team
An effective strategy that involves modern techniques and a professional sales team can work wonders for your company’s ROI. Read on if you are interested in making your business grow and prosper.
Set realistic targets. Sometimes sales managers focus on the numbers a company strives to achieve without considering the capabilities of its salespeople. After trying to reach the goal, sales teams often fail because of unrealistic objectives. As a result, you run the risk of demotivating your salespeople and missing your projections. Use your average sales reps’ performance to set achievable goals.
Find the right people for your team. To continue to scale, you need to attract the right talents to join your sales team. With suitable candidates, you can build a successful sales team that will support your company’s growth. First of all, before creating a job description and interviewing your candidates, define your company’s specific needs. Different categories of salespeople are needed for different purposes. Explore the reasons why you need a new employee. Secondly, create a step-by-step interview process to select suitable applicants. Thirdly, consider involving your colleagues in the process to identify the kind of person they need.
Educate your salespeople and give feedback. As a sales manager, you need to always be in touch with your sales team. Your new hires should work under your guidance to absorb the sales process, learn how to handle objections, and understand where to find prospective customers. With time, your new employees will be able to handle the necessary tools and obtain experience and knowledge in sales, sales tricks, and strategies. Ensure to provide an effective training process to turn people with potential into top performers. Remember to give feedback after your salespeople complete certain tasks.
Reward your top performers. Salespeople who do their job perfectly want to receive cash incentives from the company and get praise. That’s why it’s worth creating a plan that involves specific targets and monetary compensations for them. As a sales manager, you need to ensure that you do everything possible to retain customers and lure new ones.
Measure the progress of your team. It’s critical to monitor and evaluate the progress of your team. You need to determine whether your company succeeds in growing or if there is something that slows down this process. Identify the reasons and try to eliminate them by reviewing the work of your sales team and improving your strategies. Besides, you should ask your sales representatives to create manual lists and reports, so consider designing a reporting process in your CRM to simplify your work. With SendPulse, you can guide your sales process in one CRM.
Congrats, now you’ve acquired knowledge of the objectives, functions, and principles of sales management. With all this comprehensive information, you can develop an effective strategy for your business.
This article defines the term, uncovers its three main aspects, and the process in general.
In this article, you’ll find the definition, primary objectives, and functions of sales management.
This article uncovers the facts about creating a sales management strategy.
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Profil für asdfaas476
Homepage http://www.xzylathe.com/
Benutzer-Titel Neuling und Noob
Biographie Advantages and Disadvantages of a Lathe Machine
A lathe machine is a commonly used machine that works through removing the undesired material from a rotating workpiece with a cutting tool that is fed against the work either crosswise or longitudinally to give its desired shape and size. This is also known as the “mother of all machines” and due to its versatility, it can be used in a large variety of operations such as turning, tapered turning, shoulder turning, facing, thread cutting, parting, chamfering, knurling, drilling, boring, counter boring, countersinking, and reaming operation. Probably the oldest machine tool known to mankind, the first lathe invented worked with one person turning the wood workpiece using rope and the other person shaping the workpiece through a sharp tool, now called as a two-person lathe. The ancient Romans improved this design by adding the turning bow, and the development went on to the industrial revolution when steam engines and water wheels were attached to the lathe to make the turning easier and faster. This paved way for metalworking and heavier machines with thicker and more rigid parts. Then in the 1950s, the servo mechanism was added to be able to control the lathe machine and it became the easiest lathe machine to operate until a British engineer named Henry Maudslay invented the Computer Numerical Control (CNC) lathe which is the most advanced form of lathe machine.
Some of the advantages in using a lathe machine are:
1:High Productivity – The industries that are using lathe machines can be sure that these produce high quality products with top-notch accuracy, especially the CNC lathe machines. As a result, the productivity will increase.
2:High Speed – The machining in the lathe can produce many products in a lesser time, especially with the use of CNC lathe and automatic lathe, because of its high-speed production.
3:Saves Time and Money – Due to the advantages mentioned above, using a lathe machine saves a lot of time. Aside from this, it also saves money because there is no need to have many operators or turners which will result to lesser machining and labor cost.
Some of the disadvantages in using a lathe machine are:
1:Highly-skilled Operators/Turners – Although it only requires a few turners to operate the lathe machine, there is a need for them to be highly-skilled because they have to control the machine precisely and make sure it is given constant supervision. The preciseness of the job depends highly on the skills of the turners/operators.
2:Cost and Weight of the Machine – The initial cost of a lathe machine is high. It actually depends on the purpose and how big the production is but most lathe machines used in big companies cost up to $50,000. It also takes up a lot of space because it is a huge machine and sometimes, it requires extra fittings and attachments which makes it bigger and more expensive. The use of CNC lathe machine is also not advisable for small production.
3:Constant Maintenance – A lathe machine needs a proper and constant maintenance, in each of its important parts. Otherwise, this may damage some parts or the whole machine.
Lawnmowers Advantages And Disadvantages All Types Included
Every gardener needs one, but nobody really knows which one is the right one: we are talking about the lawn mower. Therefore the 4”basic" models and their advantages and disadvantages are presented here.
Lawnmowers advantages and disadvantages
Previously we had to choose between an electric and petrol lawn mower. With the advancement of modern technology, various lawn mower manufacturers are now offering a numerous types of mower makes it difficult to decide which type of lawnmower to use. In principle, when buying a lawnmower, you should differentiate between these variants:
1:Electric lawnmower
2:Petrol lawn mower
3:Battery Powered lawnmower
4:Tractor Lawn Mower
Electric lawn mower:
Advantages: The electric lawn mower is mostly traded at a very reasonable purchase price in specialist shops and in numerous hardware stores. This type of lawnmower is also considered to be environmentally friendly and, due to its consistently light weight, easy to maneuver.
Disadvantages: However, it is considered a disadvantage that you always have to carry an electric cable with you when mowing, which of course involves dangers. Especially when the garden has many obstacles, such as trees and shrubs, sculptures, etc. And even tall grass can hardly be mowed satisfactorily with an electric grass mower that is often under performing.
Top 15 Best Wood Lathes To Buy in 2022
Benefits Of Wood Lathe
The wood lathe machine is an essential tool for professional carpenters and can be a creative and engaging activity for people who love crafting. Here are the reasons why you should invest in a wood lathe.
Work Efficient
Wood carving is one of the most laborious tasks to perform, and sometimes it may take many attempts for the perfection of work. The wood lathe is designed to provide efficiency of work with high-end production.
Most of the professionals prefer having a wood lathe as it is very easy to use and can be operated by anyone who knows even very few about wood carving. Some wood lathe is also automatic. The operator has to provide it with some instructions, and they work on their own.
The wood lathes are made up of cast-iron material. Unlike conventional wood carving tools, the wood lathe is much more durable to use. It provides work efficiency and accessibility to its operator. The wood lathe is a one-time investment for its consumer, and you do not have to worry too much about its maintenance.
4.3.2 – Types of Brush Cutter Engines
2 Stroke or 4 Stroke Engines and future Electric Motors
First I will look at the two petrol powered motors and then get onto the electric motor. Electric power was the first power plant used in the very first weed eaters and will become the main power source for heavy duty weed wacker’s in the future as battery technology gets better.
The genuine Honda engine comes with a three year domestic and commercial warranty, (at least here in Australia) so if Honda is confident enough to give it a three year commercial warranty, you can be sure you will get a long trouble free life from it in a domestic situation. Of cause no engine is totally trouble free and on the occasion there can be some parts that fail prematurely. I personally have never experience any problems with my genuine Honda engine brush cutters and if Husqvarna & Maruyama can use a Honda engine in their 4 stroke models then you have to know that these engines are good for the long hall.
Personally, I think that this is the best small engine that you could fit to a Brush Cutter Engine. You have to give credit to Honda for designing such a beautiful engine, I is a shame Honda are so unless at marketing it. I have had feedback from customers, who have gone to buy a Honda brush cutter after reading through these pages and have been talked out of not only buying a Honda brush cutter, but have also been talked into buying a bicycle handle brush cutter, by dealers with little practicable experience. And this is from dealer who’s main brand is Honda, but also carry other brands.
Difference Between 2 Stroke And 4 Stroke Brush Cutter Engine
A 2 Stroke Brush Cutter Engine is a type of internal combustion engine which completes a power cycle with two strokes of the piston during only one crankshaft revolution.The two main functions of a two-stroke engine are compression and combustion, 2 stroke engines tend to be more powerful than 4 stroke engines. And since they have less moving parts, 2 stroke engines tend to be more reliable.
In choosing between a two-stroke or a four-stroke, four-stroke engines tend to be better on fuel, quieter, and less emissions. At the time of this writing, four stroke engines are more expensive. Two-stroke engines are generally more powerful than four-stroke engines, thus two-stroke engines are worse on fuel economy, have worse emissions. What they lose in fuel economy and emissions, they make up for in price and more reliability because they have less moving parts.
And speaking of less moving parts, the 4 stroke has a separate oil pan to lubricate the engine. Many lawnmowers are 2 stroke engines and generally cut grass flat on the ground. A brush cutter or a string trimmer often has to be tilted and held at odd angles in order to do its job. That tilt can result in oil moving out of where it needs to be, exposing the engine to greater wear or even damage. |
Electric car into a new fire hazard in Shanghai
28 reporters learned from the fire department in Shanghai, from last year and data analysis in recent years showed that electric bicycle charging cause fire hazards, is becoming one of the salient features of Shanghai fire.
According to official data show that in 2016, Shanghai City, the fire situation is generally stable, there were 4464 fires, killed 44 people, injured 38 people, the direct economic loss of 78 million 851 thousand yuan (RMB, same below), down 3.1%, 15.4%, 5%, 47%, no major fire accidents and above.
Electric bicycles have gradually become a new fire hazard in Shanghai. Shanghai Fire Department said, only one year, because the electric car fire occurred 92, resulting in 5 deaths, accounting for 11.4% of the total number of deaths. Therefore, the Shanghai Fire Department in particular will be "electric bicycle charging fire caused great harm", listed as one of the eight characteristics of fire safety in Shanghai last year.
October 28, 2016, Pudong New Area Boshan District residential buildings due to 1 floor corridor electric bicycle charging fire, but fortunately timely disposal, evacuation of 47 people, otherwise the consequences will be unimaginable. In November 7th of the same year, Songjiang District Hui Bridge Village Chedun town residential floor for electric bicycle charging caused a fire, killing 1 people.
Think Shanghai Fire Department, due to the lack of electric bicycle safety standards, product quality and safety when using uneven in quality; the public awareness is weak, often illegal parking, overload, long time charging, resulting in fire hazard rate and death toll rising. |
Home Uncategorized Santos’ Strongman In The Chief Prosecutor’s Office
Santos’ Strongman In The Chief Prosecutor’s Office
Chief Prosecutor Eduardo Montealegre.
Columnist Adriaan Alsema points out that Attorney General Eduardo Montealegre is going after Uribe and his loyalists while turning a blind eye to the wrongdoing of the president and his allies
Colombia’s chief prosecutor, the most important judicial official in the country, is applying justice arbitrarily and is effectively coercing political critics of President Juan Manuel Santos while intimidating opposition.
According to former president Alvaro Uribe, Prosecutor General Eduardo Montealegre and his predecessor Viviane Morales have been “waging a war” against the ex-head-of-state’s political followers.
Admittedly, the two latest chief prosecutors have been relatively successful in seeking justice in cases involving Uribe loyalists, while the former president himself is also under increasing judicial pressure over his alleged ties to right-wing paramilitary groups.
Consequently, Uribe’s original support among politically powerful individuals, families and corporations has shrunk due to the abundance of criminal investigations against him and his political allies.
Former intelligence chief Maria del Pilar Hurtado is wanted over illegal spying on political opponents, while former Peace Commissioner Luis Carlos Restrepo is wanted for a fake FARC demobilization in an apparent attempt to influence the 2006 elections.
Former Interior Minister Sabas Pretelt and former Health Minister Diego Palacios are under investigation for the bribing of congressmen that proved key for Uribe’s 2006 re-election.
Uribe himself is or has been investigated for a list of criminal charges longer than the Dead Sea scrolls. More than 40 Uribe-loyal ex-lawmakers and ex-governors are behind bars, or in at least one case, convicted in absentia. They include: former intelligence chief Jorge Noguera, former Agricultural Minister Andres Felipe Arias, and Uribe’s cousin and former Senator Mario Uribe. The ex-president’s former personal security chief, Mauricio Santoyo, is currently serving time in the Unites States.
However, none of these convictions were really thanks to the work of the current prosecutor general. Noguera was convicted years before Montealegre took office. Santoyo wasn’t even under investigation in Colombia when the US requested his extradition over drug trafficking charges.
Montealegre only had a role in the conviction of Arias for embezzling money from funds for poor farmers. The chief prosecutor also opened a criminal investigation against former Comptroller General Sandra Morelli. However, he only did this after she began investigating Montealegre’s prominent and suspicious role in the scandal surrounding health care provider SaludCoop that – with Montealegre on the payroll as legal adviser – was illegally embezzling millions of dollars.
Meanwhile, only a handful of people have been arrested for election tampering following the March congressional elections which observers have called the most corrupt in recent history. According to NGO Paz y Reconciliacion, 69 of the 266 current members of Congress are suspiciously close to known criminal organizations. Nevertheless, in spite of the serious violation of Colombians’ democratic rights, no major investigations are under way.
More importantly even, the practice of “false positives” – which has the armed forces accused of more than 4,000 extrajudicial executions to cook the war books – is hardly investigated accurately.
While dodgy former Army commander General Mario Montoya has been an informal suspect since the scandal broke in 2008, he was not even investigated until last week.
The prosecutor also fails to take seriously the fact that our current president “of peace” was defense minister between 2006 and 2009 when on average killed civilians made up more than 30 percent of reported combat kills.
The problem is not that the prosecutor general is going after Uribe allies, he should. The problem also isn’t about him going after the comptroller who revealed his shady background. A court will be able to release her of suspicion if, as she has claimed, the charges are trumped up.
The problem is that the prosecutor general is only investigating away from Santos, and his political and economic allies, virtually guaranteeing impunity as long as you stay loyal to the man in the Palace.
Adriaan Alsema is the founder and editor-in-chief of Colombia Reports, South America’s largest news website in English. Born and raised a Dutchman, Alsema has been living in Colombia since 2008.
The Opinion section is a space for your views and opinions. We’ve featured articles on all aspects of life in Colombia – from the free trade agreement to bull fighting.
Whether you agree or disagree with anything we’ve written, we’d love to hear your thoughts – leave a comment below, tweet us at @bogotapost, post on our Facebook page /BogotaPost or email us at theteam@thebogotapost.com.
The articles in ‘Opinion’ are commentary, not news reporting. The views expressed in this section are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of The Bogota Post or its publishers. The publishers take no responsibility for the accuracy of any information published in this section.
Alvaro Uribe |
Ahhh... :o)
Ahhh... :o), originally uploaded by flettemette. |
Are you a meat lover looking for an answer to the question, “How many ounces in a pound of beef?” If such is the case,…
Posted by Lupe Abshire Posted on October 12, 2022 5 min to read
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We use scissors as the only option to cut things, to tear clothes and papers. It is seen as an important household appliance even though…
Posted by Bestie Food Posted on October 3, 2022 6 min to read |
Friday, Mar 17, 2023 08:37
Outside of the State Bank of Vietnam in downtown Ha Noi. — Photo SBV
The State Bank of Viet Nam must step up efforts in the management of the country's banking sector and prepare for all possible scenarios for timely and effective interventions, according to the World Bank.
Carolyn Turk, WB country director in Viet Nam, said the global economy will likely enter a period of turbulence while it's struggling with slow growth, decreased demand, high inflation and central banks around the world tightening credit.
Turk's comment was made in the aftermath of an event in which three US banks: Silicon Valley Bank (US' 16th largest bank), Silvergate Bank and Signature Bank, one after another, collapsed in a week. She said the ramifications of such an event will likely follow within a short time and consequences be felt across the global financial market, which commands policymakers to pay attention and plan for necessary interventions.
She said there are many similarities that can be observed between the above-mentioned US banks and the Vietnamese banking system, especially in smaller banks.
It highlighted the importance of a strong grip on the financial sector to ensure the central Government stays up-to-date with current developments and relevant data, and is able to respond in a timely manner, Turk added.
Viet Nam's economic growth is projected to ease to 6.3 per cent in 2023 from a robust 8 per cent last year, as services growth moderates and higher prices and interest rates weigh on households and investors, according to the World Bank's report released on March 13.
Service has become the largest sector of Viet Nam's economy, increasing from 40.7 per cent of GDP in 2010 to 44.6 per cent in 2019. The employment share of the sector also rose from 29.6 per cent in 2010 to 35.3 per cent in 2019. As the largest source of employment, it has absorbed a significant portion of the workforce from the agriculture sector.
However, labour productivity and efficiency in Viet Nam’s service sector remain low compared to other countries, reaching US$5,000 per worker in 2019 in comparison to $20,900 in Malaysia, $9,300 in the Philippines and $7,300 in Indonesia. — VNS
Tags State Bank of Viet Nam WB
Central bank makes first rate cut since 2020 to support economic growth
Central bank inspects banks for compliance with bond regulations
Credit growth slowing down, raising fear of business contraction
VN’s foreign exchange reserves reach US$92.43 billion
Viet Nam’s banks need more women leaders to promote inclusive and high-productivity growth
Central bank grants first credit growth quota for banks in 2023
Banks cautious about profit targets for 2023
Citi completes sale of Viet Nam consumer banking business to UOB group
Big four banks launch preferential interest rate loan packages
SeABank completes capital raising
Vietnam Airlines, Air France to resume codeshare flights
CNY - 3381,57 3497
KRW - 16,94 21,24
KHR - - 5,89
SEK - - 2330,49 |
Last week we read in the paper about a greenhouse in Walthman, MA - about a fifteen-twenty minute drive from Boston. It's part of a larger property called the Lyman Estate, which we had never heard of. It's free to walk around (both the outside and the greenhouse - though you can make a small donation if you'd like). It was the perfect escape from the drab grey winter. There were lots of flowers and interesting plants, and of course an added plus was that it was warm!
Back in Philly, one of the books I picked up was about conservatories. This one wasn't included, but it showed lots of them all over the US. I think it would be a fun goal, over time, to make a trip to each one of them. Conservatory road trip! Anyone?
One of my favorite details was the little bits of moss and grass growing in between the sides of the stairs. I can imagine little Kodama sitting on it. Plus, it's so fuzzy looking! They seem to have a few plant sales through out the year, so if you live near by I'd check it out. Jesse left with two little air plants, which he claims he won't kill because he only has to mist them.
Labels: new england, travel |
I accepted Jesus in my heart when I was two years old.
Some of my earliest memories are my days spent at church. When I hear the lively praise songs that our church would sing, it carries me back in time. Sweet memories. But what truly shaped my heart was the faith that was lived in our home. My parents were sincere believers, and my older brothers were excellent examples of godly young men.
I remember as a youngster, crawling behind the couch to pray, or dancing in the living room to praise music. There was no doubt in my mind that God was God. Jesus was Jesus, my Savior, my King. My mom kept a diary for me when I was too young to write yet, and when I read it I’m amazed at how God truly was my First Love.
That was my childhood.
But then, when I was ten years old, we moved from Florida to Alabama.
Not long after the move, doubt started to attack my faith. It’s hard to pinpoint what exactly allowed this doubt to creep in. Perhaps it was the popular sci-fi TV show I watched that stretched my imagination in new ways, perhaps it was the fact that my older brother was turning his back on God, or perhaps it was the fact that I was eleven years old and could no longer have that “childlike faith.”
I think it was all of those things and more.
I was lonely. I had few friends. And even though I was surrounded by a loving family, my heart was aching for so much more. My diary from those years shows my discouragement and loneliness, even though I hid my spiritual struggles.
People simply thought I was shy and reserved. I was. But that wasn’t the true me.
My mind grappled with God. Who was He? I was pretty certain He was there, but I wasn’t so sure that He was good. And even though I knew all the Bible stories and did the “right things,” I didn’t know Him.
There are some questions that we can’t have answers to on this side of heaven, and I grappled with some of those. Silently I wrestled in my soul, crying at night in my room when no one knew, or sobbing in the bathroom with the air vent on to drown out the noise.
I’ll never forget those days and months that turned into two years. Besides the spiritual struggle, I was also at the age where a girl is adjusting to becoming a young lady. Even though I didn’t know it, hormones were only adding to the confusion within my body and soul.
At one point I remember feeling as if the whole world was spinning and there was nothing holding me down. Another time I felt out of my mind.
I kept my struggles to myself, until I finally couldn’t bear it any longer. That’s when I asked to speak with Mom in private. We sat on the bed in my parents room, and I poured out my heart, “How do I know that He is God? How do I even know who to pray to?”
Mom must have been shocked. I can’t remember the moment clearly; it’s mostly a blur of tears. But after talking, Mom went downstairs to talk with Dad, and I was collapsed on her bed sobbing. Opening up didn’t come naturally, and the walls around my heart had just been smashed. I felt completely vulnerable.
And that’s when a new work began.
I continued to read the Bible. I wanted to believe in the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. But how could I overcome this crippling, numbing doubt?
The day came when I declared to God that He was my God, even if I didn’t have all the answers. His grace carried me, even when I didn’t feel Him. In the middle of my struggle, I cried out to God and told Him that if He revealed Himself to me, I would spend the rest of my life declaring to the world that He is God.
Since then, He has been revealing Himself in countless ways. He’s brought friends that have been His outstretched arms, showing me His love. He’s allowed me to visit Israel, and to walk where Jesus walked. He’s led me to conferences that have ignited the passion in my soul. And He’s spoken to my heart in the solitude of my room, in the calm of the evening air, or in the spray of sunshine that warms my skin.
If I had never sunk so low, I wouldn’t appreciate the joy that overflows my soul today. Sometimes you have to lose something before you realize how much you need it. If I hadn’t gone through that spiritual breakdown, and almost emotional breakdown, I wouldn’t realize how deeply I need my Savior.
So when you see my smile, don’t let it fool you into thinking that it’s always been there. It’s a testimony. Every time that someone tells me that my name suits my personality, it’s a praise to God.
I’m nothing without Him.
And I won’t settle for less than Him. Oh, I’ll fail. I have, and I know I will again. But the overarching hope of my heart and the vision of my soul is Him upon the cross, bringing redemption. And it’s there that I’m crucified with Him. And I’ve risen with Him. And now He has filled me with His spirit and I am born again.
Like a child.
I still don’t have all the answers. I still struggle at times. But I’ve been set free, to the point where I’m breaking down my walls once again to share this story that I haven’t shared in the past.
He’s my Father. Yahweh. The One who loves the world so much that He gave His only Son, that whoever believes in Him will not perish, but have eternal life.
That’s the God I live for. That’s the God I’d die for.
“We love Him because He first loved us”
{1 John 4:19}
Feel free to share my testimony with anyone that it will bless.
8 thoughts on “My Story”
Len says:
Many, many of us have a story similar to yours. We all had doubts and misgivings, and turned our back on Him. All the more astounding when we finally turn and bump right into Him! My unbelief lasted way longer than yours, but God can still use my past to work his will. Keep up your good work of writing, sister. He is definitely working through you!
Thank you, Mr. Len! It’s encouraging to read this comment from you! Thank you for sharing some of your testimony as well. May you have a very blessed week, and thanks for stopping by!
Chelsea Neuerburg says:
Your story is so similar to mine and it touched my heart to read it!
Dear Chelsea,
I’m so glad that this could touch your heart! May God bless you!
Melissa Holliday says:
Your testimony touched me. You write so well also. I have struggled with the same thing.
I’m so glad that the testimony could be a blessing to you…Love you, sister! ~ Joy
Florence says:
Thank you for your commitment! I don’t even need to read your story to know we are sisters in Christ. Your stand for Israel, for I-am-N, and your pro-life stance show who you are.
Thank you for your thoughtful comment, Florence. It’s always wonderful to meet another sister in Christ!
Keep standing for Him. :) God bless! ~ Joy |
Wonder Woman Blogs Story
"Do you know the three basic necessities of people today," asked an insurance company's CEO I met immediately after the Finance Minister P. Chidambaram presented the budget for 2013/14, which was highly skewed towards the middle class. I responded by saying: “It’s roti , kapda aur makaan."
March 11, 2013 Posted by Anand Adhikari
Tags: Wealth, Insurance, healthcare, Happiness, Budget, Basic needs |
What is an Initiative?
An initiative is a proposal to amend state law that the people of this state invoke by petition. The initiative process is detailed in section 9 of article 2 of the state constitution of 1963, which provides, in part:
Any law proposed by initiative petition shall be either enacted or rejected by the legislature without change or amendment within 40 session days from the time such petition is received by the legislature.
If any law proposed by such petition shall be enacted by the legislature it shall be subject to referendum, as hereinafter provided. If the law so proposed is not enacted by the legislature within the 40 days, the state officer authorized by law shall submit such proposed law to the people for approval or rejection at the next general election. The legislature may reject any measure so proposed by initiative petition and propose a different measure upon the same subject by a yea and nay vote upon separate roll calls, and in such event both measures shall be submitted by such state officer to the electors for approval or rejection at the next general election.
What is an Alternative Measure? (Not available for all Initiatives)
If the Legislature rejects a law proposed by initiative petition, the Legislature may propose a different ("alternative") measure upon the same subject as provided in Article 2, Section 9, of the Michigan Constitution of 1963. An alternative measure shall be labeled "Alternative Measure No. ___ to a law proposed by Initiative Petition". An alternative measure shall not be considered for a second reading in either house unless a law proposed by initiative petition has been rejected by a house. An alternative measure shall require a majority vote of the members elected and serving in each house for adoption, and the vote shall be by record roll call.
Measures proposed under Article 2, Section 9 of the Constitution of 1963:
An initiative of legislation to ...
2021 ... repeal 1945 PA 302, entitled "An act authorizing the governor to proclaim a state of emergency, and to prescribe the powers and duties of the governor with respect thereto; and to prescribe penalties," (MCL 10.31 to 10.33).(PA 77; 2021)
2018 ... enact the Improved Workforce Opportunity Wage Act (PA 337; 2018)
2018 ... providers workers with the right to earn sick time for personal or family health needs... (PA 338; 2018)
2018 ... allow under state law the personal possession and use of marihuana by persons 21 years of age or older; (IL 1; 2018)
2018 ... repeal 1965 PA 166, entitled "An act to require prevailing wages and fringe benefits... (PA 171; 2018)
2014 ... enact the Scientific Fish and Wildlife Conservation Act. (PA 281; 2014)
2013 ... to enact the Abortion Insurance Opt-Out Act. (PA 182; 2013)
2008 ... allow under State Law the medical use of marihuana. (IL 1; 2008)
2006 ... to amend 1979 PA 94, entitled "An act to make appropriations to aid in the support of the public schools...
2006 ... repeal 1975 PA 228 (PA 325; 2006) |
Due to the enacting of Marlboro Township Ordinance #2006-13, the Marlboro Township Recreation & Parks Commission is hereby requesting compliance from all Coaches, Assistant Coaches and Board Members participating in Marlboro Township Recreation Sports and/or Other Recreational Programs.
In compliance with Marlboro Township Ordinance #2006-13 amending and supplementing the code of The Township of Marlboro to create a new chapter entitled “Chapter 56”, Criminal Background Checks for Certain Volunteers and Employees of the Marlboro Township Recreation & Parks Commission the following has hereby been adopted:
In order for the Township of Marlboro to ensure that it is providing the safest possible recreational programs for its youth and,
Whereas pursuant to N.J.S.A. 53:1-20.6 and its implementing regulations located at N.J.A.C. 13:59-1.1, et seq., all government entities of this State, including municipalities, may obtain criminal history record information for any official government purpose, including, but not limited to employment; and
Whereas, the Marlboro Township Recreation & Parks Commission recommends that all coaches, assistant coaches, board members, and seasonal employees with direct unsupervised access to minors be required to submit to a criminal history background check as it applies to Marlboro Township Youth Programs. This means any program offering services for persons younger than eighteen (18) years of age, including but not limited to sports leagues that are funded and/or administered, in whole or in part, by the Marlboro Township Recreation & Parks Commission.
In order to further ensure that we have the safest recreation program as possible in protecting our youth participants, these Criminal Background Checks are a mandated necessity. Failure of an individual to submit to a required Criminal Background Check will result in the prohibiting of recreation program participation by that individual.
In advance, we thank you for your understanding, cooperation and compliance
All employees and volunteers over the age of 18 who are working with Marlboro Township youth programming are required to obtain a background check processed through the Recreation Department. See Marlboro Township Code HERE.
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Dowd Memorial Chapel of the
Boystown, Nebraska 68010
http://www.boystown.org/AboutUs/VisitorInfomation/Pages/Attractions2.aspx#chambers
Visitors are welcome to attend Mass at Dowd Chapel.
Rising from the landscape in the tradition of a 15th-century Gothic church, Dowd Chapel shines as a beacon of hope for thousands of children seeking comfort and consolation.
Adjacent to the nave on the west side is the Father Flanagan Shrine. Boys Town's famous founder is entombed in a bronze vault that briefly tells his life story to thousands of visitors every year. Father Flanagan often said, "All boys need to learn how to pray, how they pray is up to them."
Cathedral of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary
Also know as St. Mary's Cathedral
207 South Elm Street
Grand Island, Nebraska 68801
Work was begun on the present cathedral church in 1926 and finished in 1928. Cardinal Patrick Hayes of New York City presided at the dedication ceremonies on July 5 in the same year.
When the new cathedral was finished the parishoners that it was too big. In a few years, the numbers of families attending St. Mary's had grown to more than 800, while the capacity of the cathedral was 900 persons. In the spring of 1949, it was decided to form a new parish, Blessed Sacrament, on the north side of the city.
Cathedral of the Risen Lord
Lincoln NE 68506
http://www.crchrist-parish.org/
The Cathedral of the Risen Christ Church, the mother church of the Diocese of Lincoln. "A cathedral is always known as the spiritual home of its diocese. The title of our Cathedral of the Risen Christ exemplifies the resurrection of Jesus in its art and furnishings, and in this cathedral the Presence of Christ in the Blessed Sacrament in the tabernacle is the focus of silent, perpetual adoration."
Cathedral of St. Cecilia
Begun in 1905 services were first held in 1916. The Cathedral was consecrated in 1959, historic Saint Cecilia Cathedral is the master work of renowned architect, Thomas Rogers Kimball.
The building reflects Spanish Renaissance architecture in El Escorial, a monastery and palace complex some 50 miles north of Madrid.
Ranked among the ten largest cathedrals in the United at the time of its completion, the structure is two hundred fifty-five feet in length, one hundred fifty-eight feet in width and two hundred twenty-two feet in height.
It was designated Omaha Landmark: May 22, 1979
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While the Martingale system is a negative progression system that is sure to add broke inside the long term, you might give it a try for a medium-long period of playing baccarat. Simply put, when
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NameSir Edward North BUXTON 2nd Bt, 5524
FatherSir Thomas Fowell BUXTON 1st Bt , 1870 (1786-1845)
MotherHannah GURNEY , 5526 (1783-1872)
1Catherine GURNEY, 5530
FatherSamuel GURNEY , 5714 (1786-1856)
MotherElizabeth SHEPPARD , 5715 (1784-1855)
Marriage1836, Trinity Church, Marylebone
ChildrenCharles Louis , 5569 (1846-1906)
Thomas Fowell , 5531 (1837-1915)
Francis William , 5570 (1847-1911)
Henry Edmund , 5568 (1844-1905)
Samuel Gurney , 5567 (1838-1909)
Edward North , 5564 (1840-1924)
Sarah Evelyn “Eva” , 8660 (-1926)
Laura Priscilla , 12107 (-1918)
Notes for Sir Edward North BUXTON 2nd Bt
2nd Bt
Sir Edward North Buxton, 2nd Baronet (16 September 1812 – 11 June 1858) was a British Liberal Party politician.
He was the son of Sir Thomas Fowell Buxton and his wife, Hannah Gurney. He married Catherine Gurney, daughter of Samuel Gurney, on 12 April 1836.
He became of 2nd Baronet Buxton of Bellfield and Runton on 19 February 1845, on the death of his father.
He served as Member of Parliament for Essex South from 1847 to 1852 and for East Norfolk from 1857 until his death in 1858.
He was succeeded as Third Baronet by his son, Thomas Fowell Buxton, (January 26, 1837 – October 28, 1951). Another of his sons, with the same name as himself, lived September 1, 1840 – January 9, 1924 and was elected MP for Walthamstow in 1885.
He died on 11 June 1858. |
Maria's Story
My family have come from Mexico to the United States. From my mother's side, my great-grandfather was born here. But my grandfather was born in Mexico. My parents came to the United States, but after they got married, they both came here legally.
My father first obtained his residence and my mother first had a visa. Eleven years ago, she got her residency. When my mother got pregnant with me, and I am their first child, they decided to have the rest of their kids here in the U.S.
So, my family ended up here. I actually have a lot of family in Mexico.
Maria, California |
An Unforgettable Day
A few months ago, my husband and I celebrated our tenth wedding anniversary. During this special time, I thought about our beautiful wedding day. We were married in the church I’ve attended since I was a young child. In fact, my father has pastored this small, country church for the past twenty-nine years. On my wedding day, my dad had two jobs. He walked me down the aisle and officiated my wedding ceremony. I will never the look on my husband’s face when he saw me wearing my off-the-shoulder, satin wedding gown with a royal train for the first time. His smile was priceless. Even though I’ve had ten years to think about my wedding day, I still don’t think it could have been any more perfect than it was. On this blog, I hope you will learn some tips to make your upcoming wedding unforgettable.
Unique And Creative Ways To Display Flowers At Your Wedding
If you want to create the perfect look and feel for your wedding, consider your floral decorations. You can use them to add a unique splash of color, create a romantic atmosphere, and even subtly hint at the theme of your special day. But with so many types of wedding flower arrangements out there, how do you choose which one to go with? To help you decide, here are some unique and creative ways to display flowers at your wedding. Read More …
©2023 An Unforgettable Day |
Uncommon Infant and Newborn Problems—Cytomegalovirus Infections
Also called: CMV
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a virus found around the world. It is related to the viruses that cause chickenpox and infectious mononucleosis (mono). Between 50 percent and 80 percent of adults in the United States have had a CMV infection by age 40. Once CMV is in a person’s body, it stays there for life.
CMV is spread through close contact with body fluids. Most people with CMV don’t get sick and don’t know that they’ve been infected. But infection with the virus can be serious in babies and people with weak immune systems. If a woman gets CMV when she is pregnant, she can pass it on to her baby. Usually the babies do not have health problems. But some babies can develop lifelong disabilities.
A blood test can tell whether a person has ever been infected with CMV. Most people with CMV don’t need treatment. If you have a weakened immune system, your doctor may prescribe antiviral medicine. Good hygiene, including proper hand washing, may help prevent infections.
Acute cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection (Medical Encyclopedia)
CMV – gastroenteritis/colitis (Medical Encyclopedia)
CMV – pneumonia (Medical Encyclopedia)
CMV serology test (Medical Encyclopedia)
Cytomegalovirus retinitis (Medical Encyclopedia) |
Across My Desk: 401(k) Cash-Out Calculator
One of the mysteries of life guaranteed to confuse anyone who has been able to amass a small fortune for their retirement years is trying to figure out how much to take from a 401(k) when you reach retirement age. Or, if you need to tap that account ahead of time.
Below are bits and pieces from Money Management Executive and SourceMedia story, published on July 23, 2008, at mmexecutive.com, about a free calculator designed to help investors calculate how much taking money from your 401 (k) really amounts to:
"To show workers the long-term impact of cashing out their 401(k) savings when they change jobs or retire, a firm that provides rollover services for plan sponsors now offers a free "Cash-Out Calculator."
The Charlotte, N.C-based RolloverSystems Inc. makes the calculator available at rolloversystems.com. The calculator is able to demonstrate, for instance, that withdrawing a few thousand dollars today can diminish long-term savings by tens of thousands of dollars, as a result of taxes, penalties, and loss of compounding.
"Our calculator helps 401(k) plan participants see into the future and decide whether it's really worth sacrificing retirement readiness for current cash," said Jim Langenwalter, the company's chief sales and marketing officer.
After a person enters his or her current age, projected retirement age, expected rate of investment return, and current plan balance into the calculator, it shows how much of their withdrawal will be left after penalties and taxes and what the account might be worth at retirement had he or she not taken the withdrawal.
Experts say as many as 45% of plan participants who leave their companies cash out their 401(k) accounts. The number of cash-outs has increased during the current economic downturn...Loans from 401(k) savings are also rising."
Check it out. Tough times call for tough actions. |
Tag: seasons of life
“What goes around, comes around.” I’ve repeated that phrase countless times. Maybe you have, too. I understand the basic meaning, but there’s something more significant to it. It reminds me of a boomerang. And it reminds me of the recurring seasons of life. I am going to call it the Law of Cycles. Think about your day …
Elijah, law of cycles, seasons of life, sorrow into joy, what goes around |
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Author: DJ
on August 3, 2020 February 6, 2021 by DJ
What Does a Wedding DJ Actually Do?
What exactly does a wedding DJ do? Many people who are not familiar with such professional wedding DJs are not entirely sure what they do. The typical definition of a DJ is someone who performs live music on a stage with his or her music equipment. It might sound like a lot, but in reality, this is only a small part of what a DJ does.
Continue reading “What Does a Wedding DJ Actually Do?” →
on June 29, 2020 June 29, 2020 by DJ
Tips For Purchasing a DJ Stand For Your Deck
When you choose a DJ stand for your deck, you will need to think about a few things. You will have to find out what kind of deck you own and the dimensions of the desk that it will be sitting on.
Continue reading “Tips For Purchasing a DJ Stand For Your Deck” →
Using DJ Lights For a Halloween Party
Using a set of DJ lights is not just about shining light to help your party goers see what’s going on, but also enhance the mood of the gathering. Using them for a Halloween party can make for a good party, and can add a touch of spice to a dark Halloween party.
Continue reading “Using DJ Lights For a Halloween Party” →
Using the Numark DJ Controller
The Numark DJ Controller is one of the most popular controllers that you can find. This is because of the great sound quality that this unit has and the many features that it comes with.
Continue reading “Using the Numark DJ Controller” →
on June 8, 2020 June 8, 2020 by DJ
How to Get a Cheap DJ Keyboard Controller
The DJ keyboard controller is a MIDI keyboard that will allow you to control many of the different elements that are on your DJ mixer. The controller should have basic buttons and knobs so that you can control all of the different knobs and buttons on your mixer without looking at your mixer.
Continue reading “How to Get a Cheap DJ Keyboard Controller” →
Finding a Pioneer DJ Headphones
Pioneer DJ headphones have been around for a long time. The design is very simple and can accommodate a lot of features to offer the user a better listening experience. In this article, we will take a look at the different types of headphones available from Pioneer DJ.
Continue reading “Finding a Pioneer DJ Headphones” →
on May 26, 2020 May 27, 2020 by DJ
Choosing a DJ Table
A DJ table can be a crucial piece of equipment for any live music set. Many bands use tables to keep things organized and make it easier to perform at the right spot. Having a DJ table to play on is essential to any live music set and a DJ table is a very high end item. Not only will it keep things organized, but it will provide a perfect spot for your guitar or bass guitar to rest.
Continue reading “Choosing a DJ Table” →
An Explanation of DJ Desk Options
People who purchase a DJ desk will notice a dramatic difference in the way their music studio looks and feels. Choosing the right DJ desk is one of the biggest decisions you will make when decorating your home office or recording studio. You want to choose a DJ desk that you can fully use and that will fit in well with your existing style.
Continue reading “An Explanation of DJ Desk Options” →
on May 4, 2020 May 4, 2020 by DJ
The Most Important Thing to Know About Wedding DJs
When you are planning a wedding, it is essential that you find a wedding DJ that you can get along with. You want to be able to enjoy your music and at the same time you want to be able to enjoy the event. If the DJ doesn’t enjoy the event then the rest of the party is going to suffer. A good DJ can really make the difference between having a great event and a dull one.
Continue reading “The Most Important Thing to Know About Wedding DJs” →
on April 27, 2020 April 28, 2020 by DJ
Hercules JD Controller – the Best Choice For the Beginner DJ
The Hercules DJ controller, much like most of the other popular DJ controllers available on the market, is a very well-known brand. It’s important to realize what this company stands for. It’s been said that the idea was started by one man in the 1970s who was searching for a way to mix and match his turntables, mixers, and CDJs together so that he could play them all simultaneously. While many of us will be familiar with the concept of CDJ and turntables, this was decades before they came into their own.
Continue reading “Hercules JD Controller – the Best Choice For the Beginner DJ” →
How to Choose a Good Type of DJ Speakers
If you’re a fan of DJ speakers, you probably have a lot of designs in mind. There are many types of DJ speakers, so it’s easy to get confused. Below is a quick guide to help you understand the differences between them, and how they can improve your performances and add to your sound system’s quality.
Continue reading “How to Choose a Good Type of DJ Speakers” →
What to Look For in a Pioneer DJ Controller
Pioneer DJ controllers are perfect for any style of music or DJ performance, and many models have plenty of features that are especially designed for the home use. They make a popular choice for DJs because they are incredibly convenient to use and their software is easy to learn and very intuitive.
Continue reading “What to Look For in a Pioneer DJ Controller” →
on April 6, 2020 April 7, 2020 by DJ
The Importance of DJ Headphones
DJ headphones are just as important to a DJ as they are to the rest of the club. DJ headphones may be uncomfortable and more expensive than traditional headphones, but they are essential if you want to be able to hear the music that you are playing in your party. To really enjoy yourself at a party, you need to have access to the music that is being played. You also need to be able to hear it and recognize what is happening in the music.
Continue reading “The Importance of DJ Headphones” →
on March 30, 2020 March 31, 2020 by DJ
DJ Speakers How Do They Work?
If you’re searching for a sound system, but are on a budget, then you need to check out the many DJ Speakers available today. They are a great way to enhance your home theater and are an important part of any DJ setup. If you are unsure how to purchase them, make sure you get a professional.
Continue reading “DJ Speakers How Do They Work?” →
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Bloomberg Business March 3, 2016 Poland
Wind Farms Now Come With the Threat of Jail
“Poland’s governing Law and Justice Party is proposing laws that would require new turbines to be situated away from homes, schools and natural reserves at a distance of more than 10-times their height.”
Poland's proposed rules may cost industry $38 million a year
Legislation would apply to existing renewable plants
By Jessica Shankleman
One of Europe’s most promising markets for renewable energy is being threatened by legislation that would impose new fees and potential jail terms for operators of wind farms, an industry lobby group said.
Poland’s governing Law and Justice Party is proposing laws that would require new turbines to be situated away from homes, schools and natural reserves at a distance of more than 10-times their height. That would be about 1.5 kilometers (0.9 miles), according to data compiled by Bloomberg New Energy Finance. The law also would subject existing wind farms to audits every two years.
The law would raise annual wind farm costs by as much as 150 million zloty ($37.6 million) even if no more turbines were built, according to the draft legislation. While the government is attempting to clamp down on rising electricity bills and empower communities concerned about the installations, the wind industry says the rules would choke off development and eliminate a clean source of electricity.
Poland’s plans “will tie projects up in red tape and make life difficult for developers by imposing arbitrary rules that serve no other purpose than to prevent wind turbine deployment,” said Oliver Joy, a spokesman for the European Wind Energy Association. “This draft law is a clear statement of intent and should not be allowed to stand.”
The government says it’s worried a surge in new installations is creating a conflict between communities and investors. It’s also seeking to curb subsidies for renewables and support its ailing coal industry, which has been undercut by falling commodity prices. While the country was among more than 195 nations that backed the Paris deal on climate change in December, it has sought a special status for coal and forecasts the fossil fuel will form a key component of its energy security for decades.
Piotr Naimski, the Polish government official in charge of supervising gas and power grids, said Thursday the country needs to adopt a strategy of letting renewables compete with coal-fired plants without subsidies. He wants to change the current merit system that gives wind power priority over coal generation, according to an interview with Biznesalert.pl.
Poland’s energy ministry declined to comment on the draft law.
Poland, Europe’s top coal producer, notched up the continent’s second-highest number of wind-power installations last year. Developers rushed to install 1.26 gigawatts of new capacity ahead of expected changes to government subsidies, that will require developers to bid in auctions for support. The country now has 5.1 gigawatts of installed wind capacity, equivalent to about 9 percent of the installed base in neighboring Germany.
“Poland has excellent wind resources and has the potential to be a European power house in wind energy,” The threat to imprison turbine operators for violating potential rules is “deeply concerning and misguided,” Joy said.
Concerning for the wind lobby group are rules embedded in the legislation that would require wind farm owners to pay fees for operating plants and sign up for a new permit every two years. Those who fail to comply might face prison sentences, and the rules would be applied retroactively to existing plants, said Joy.
Instead of imposing tough restrictions, the government may find ways to boost the benefits that communities enjoy from wind power, including opportunities to co-invest, said David Hostert, an analyst at Bloomberg New Energy Finance.
“There are also a host of technical solutions available today to limit the impact of wind turbines, such as noise-reduction technology or automatically stopping the turbine at certain times of day to avoid flickering shadows on nearby properties,” he said.
Article of Bloomberg Business | March 3, 2016 |
Leader hails Iranian nation as ‘great winner’ of 2021 election
In a message addressed to the Iranian nation on Saturday, the Leader thanked the people for turning out en masse in the June 18 elections to choose a new president and representatives to the City and Village Councils and said their “epic, passionate participation” added “a new shining page to the [record] of their honors.”
“Among the factors that could have each diminished participation in the elections, pleasant scenes of your gatherings at polling stations countrywide were a clear sign of your iron will, hopeful heart, and vigilant eyes,” the Leader said.
“The great winner of the elections yesterday was the Iranian nation, which stood up once again in the face of the propaganda campaign waged by the enemy’s mercenary media and temptations of the ill-wishers and showed off its presence in the heart of the political field,” he added.
Ayatollah Khamenei said nothing could break the Iranian nation’s will and hamper the election; neither complaints about livelihood issues, nor threats of the outbreak, nor the propagating opposition which had started from months before to frustrate the people, nor the irregularities that briefly disrupted voting in the early hours of Election Day.
The Leader thanked the nation and the institutions in charge of holding, overseeing, and providing security to the elections.
Ayatollah Khamenei offered congratulations to the nation for its victory in the elections besides those elected by the people. He also advised the president-elect and those elected to represent people at the City and Village Council to fully shoulder the responsibilities assigned to them by the country’s law.
Iran held its 13th presidential election on Friday. In parallel, the participants also voted in City and Village Councils mid-term Assembly of Experts and parliamentary elections.
According to the preliminary results, with around 90% of the votes counted, Seyyed Ebrahim Raeisi garnered over 17.8 million votes, followed by Mohsen Rezaei who secured 3.3 million. Nasser Hemmati secured 2.4 million votes, and Amir-Hossein Ghazizadeh-Hashemi won almost one million votes.
The results of the other elections are yet to be released. |
No More Places To Put Ebola Patients In Liberia But Cases Are Growing Exponentially
September 9, 2014 September 9, 2014 by Michael
There is not a single empty bed available for an Ebola patient in Liberia right now, but thousands more cases are expected in the coming weeks. Entire families have been driving around in taxis looking for some place that will take their sick family members, but every treatment facility is already full. According to the World Health Organization, many of those potential Ebola patients end up returning to their homes where there will inevitably spread the virus to even more people. What we are watching unfold is literally a nightmare scenario. According to the WHO, 4,293 cases of Ebola have now been recorded and 2,296 people have died from the disease. But what makes those numbers so alarming is that the spread of the virus appears to be accelerating. 47 percent of the deaths and 49 percent of the cases have come in the last 21 days. If Ebola continues to spread at an exponential pace like this, we could be looking at the greatest public health crisis in any of our lifetimes.
Health officials are feverishly trying to open new treatment facilities in Liberia, but they can’t seem to keep up with the number of new cases. The moment a new facility opens, it is immediately filled…
“As soon as a new Ebola treatment facility is opened, it immediately fills to overflowing with patients, pointing to a large but previously invisible caseload,” the agency said in a statement about the situation in Liberia. “Many thousands of new cases are expected in Liberia over the coming three weeks.”
And as I mentioned above, some potential Ebola victims haven’t been able to find anywhere to go. The following comes from a recent NBC News report…
“In Monrovia, taxis filled with entire families, of whom some members are thought to be infected with the Ebola virus, crisscross the city, searching for a treatment bed. There are none. As WHO staff in Liberia confirm, no free beds for Ebola treatment exist anywhere in the country.”
And because Ebola victims have been using taxis to travel around in search of treatment, that has made those taxis “a hot source of potential Ebola virus transmission”…
“According to a WHO staff member who has been in Liberia for the past several weeks, motorbike-taxis and regular taxis are a hot source of potential Ebola virus transmission, as these vehicles are not disinfected at all, much less before new passengers are taken on board,” WHO said.
“When patients are turned away at Ebola treatment centers, they have no choice but to return to their communities and homes, where they inevitably infect others, perpetuating constantly higher flare-ups in the number of cases.”
At this point there is no hope that Ebola will be defeated in Liberia any time soon. In fact, the WHO says that it is anticipating “thousands of new cases” in Liberia in the coming weeks.
Things have gotten so bad that a door-to-door campaign has been organized to try to track down those who have the virus. Between September 19th and September 21st, volunteers will visit every single home in Liberia…
Volunteers in Sierra Leone are to visit every home in the country of 6 million to track down people with Ebola and remove dead bodies.
Steven Ngaoja, the head of the country’s Ebola Emergency Operations Centre, said more than 20,000 volunteers would go door-to-door as part of a three-day curfew.
He said every house in the country would be visited from September 19 to 21.
Hopefully all of those volunteers will be given proper protective equipment. Otherwise, such an endeavor could end up just accelerating the spread of the virus even more.
And the truth is that there are probably far more people sick in Liberia than we are being told.
In fact, even the WHO admits that the official numbers greatly underestimate the scope of this crisis…
As well as struggling to contain the disease, the organization is having difficulty compiling data on the number of cases, said Sylvie Briand, the director of WHO’s department of pandemic and epidemic diseases.
“We know that the numbers are under-estimated. We are currently working to estimate the under-estimation,” Briand told a news briefing in Geneva.
“It’s a war against this virus. It’s a very difficult war. What we try now is to win some battles at least in some places.”
One doctor says that the real numbers could be “double or triple” what we are being told.
But nobody really knows.
And as the numbers continue to grow, there won’t be places to treat all of the new victims.
According to one report, there are only approximately 570 beds in Ebola treatment facilities in Guinea, Sierra Leone and Liberia combined.
Needless to say, that is not going to do the job, and it is now being reported that Ebola is surging back in places where it was thought that it had been beaten.
Right now we are losing the battle to contain this virus, and this might just be the beginning of this plague.
The other day my friend Mac Slavo shared a video that was produced by MIT and the New England Complex Systems Institute. This video uses a computer simulation to show what the spread of Ebola could look like if it goes worldwide…
Like I said, we could potentially be facing the greatest health crisis that any of us have ever seen.
So let us hope and pray that this virus does not get out of Africa.
But all it takes is a single carrier.
For example, it is being reported that a Nigerian woman is now being tested for the Ebola virus in Italy…
A Nigerian woman resident in Italy has been hospitalised with symptoms that have led doctors to fear she may be the country’s first case of someone contracting the Ebola virus.
The woman, who had recently returned from a visit to Nigeria, has been hospitalised in Ancona and was undergoing tests in a specialist unit to establish whether she has contracted the virus which has killed more than 2,000 people since the start of the year.
“She is presenting with symptoms that could be those of Ebola,” a spokesman for the local authorities in the Le Marche region said.
And if it gets to the United States, it could be worse than any Hollywood movie ever imagined that it could be.
If you believe that the federal government is going to come swooping in to save you if Ebola does come here, you might want to think again. Just consider the following excerpt from a recent CNN article…
A federal investigation has found that the DHS is totally “ill-prepared” for something like the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic — or something worse, such as a global Ebola outbreak or the 1918 flu pandemic that killed an estimated 21.5 million people, according to a report released by the Office of the Inspector General on Monday.
In 2006, Congress gave DHS $47 million to prepare for such a national medical crisis. And the department did go shopping; it spent millions on this equipment that might now be completely worthless, missing or unnecessary.
For example, the audit found more than 4,000 bottles of expired hand sanitizer in storage with the DHS. Many of those bottles have been expired for up to four years.
The truth is that we are not prepared for something like this.
If an outbreak erupts in major U.S. cities, there is the potential that it could start spreading like wildfire.
So let us hope and pray for the best, but let us also get prepared for the worst.
Pope Francis And Shimon Peres Discuss The Establishment Of A ‘United Nations Of Religions’
While Obama Snoozes, Russia Is Preparing For Nuclear War With The United States |
What does web design mean and what does a web designer do?
1 year ago 4 months ago 11 mins
Web design is generally understood to be the creation of websites, from the moment of conceiving the structure and the graphic interface until the completion of the programming and the actual introduction of the data that make up the content of the website – images, text, files and other elements
Since you have arrived here, it is definitely not by chance, you are looking for a web designer or you need a programmer for yourself or your company. This article is made by our team, with structured information, to the point and explained in a way that everyone can understand.
And yet, what do web designers do?
Web design identifies the goals of a website or web page and promotes accessibility for all potential users. This process involves organizing content and images into a series of pages, integrating apps and other interactive elements.
The professionals who carry out this process are called web designers, and their work includes the following functions:
Selection of easy-to-read fonts;
Choose attractive color schemes and easy-to-read fonts;
Implement a brand/brand identity through colors, fonts and design;
Create a map of the structure of the website to ensure intuitive navigation, the famous site map;
Placement of images, logos, text, videos, applications and other elements;
Use coding languages like HTML, CSS, PHP, Python, Javascript, etc. to create layouts and style pages;
Creation of optimized versions of websites and pages for viewing on both desktop and mobile devices;
There are two common methods of web design: adaptive and responsive design. In responsive design, website content is created using standard screen sizes as the framework for the layout. In responsive layout, the content moves dynamically based on the size of the screen. Web designers use the different steps of the overall web design process to use these design methods based on their client’s or employer’s preferences and site goals.
What are the elements of web design?
The web design process allows designers to adapt to any preference and provide effective solutions. There are many standard components of every web design, including:
Appearance;
The pictures;
visual hierarchy;
Color scheme;
Typography;
Readability;
The structure of the navigation menu;
mobile variant;
1. The appearance of the website
Website design is how material is displayed on a page. Choosing the design is an essential task for the designer. It must be simple, intuitive and accessible. Web designers can use empty areas called whitespace to arrange website elements in grid-based patterns to keep them in order. An example of the technology would be Bootstrap.
Designers can create specialized layouts for desktop and mobile screens. Mobile-optimized websites are a must because many visitors access websites from their mobile phones or tablets. To make sure a website is ready for mobile visitors, a designer can use a responsive template that adapts to different screen sizes or a mobile-only layout that will activate when a non-desktop device connects to the website. place. A consistent look across the media contributes to visitor confidence.
Images are illustrations, graphics, photographs, icons, and others that are used to provide additional information to the text. To create the desired effect, designers can choose images that complement each other and the brand the site represents.
3. Visual hierarchy
The visual hierarchy is the order in which the user will process the information on the site. The designer creates it by applying a visual model to the site. Visual design is how the design directs the eyes and behaviors of visitors. For example, the F or Z patterns emphasize the top horizontal section of your site, where most designers place their navigation and brand logo, and sometimes a search box. These are elements that inspire user interaction and
4. Combination of colors
The color scheme is a combination of colors that is in harmony with the brand and the industry it represents. To achieve this, they will choose a dominant color and a few others to create a palette. A color palette can be monochromatic (different shades of the same color), analogous (colors that are close to each other), or complementary. Designers also take into account the colors that attract users the most.
5. Typography
Typography is the style or font of written content. Web designers choose one or a combination that is attractive and easy to read. To make the best choice, you need to choose a font that matches your target audience. Some sites may work better with serif fonts, while others may use non-serif fonts, depending on the industry, purpose, and typical user of the site.
6. Readability
Readability is when the text of the content is easy to see and read on a web page. The text on the site must be legible, as visitors often spend little time on the site and need to find information quickly. Designers can achieve this by selecting an appropriate size and pixel for the text. Contrast between text and website background colors also improves readability.
7. Navigation menu
Navigation elements are the tools that allow users to choose where they want to go on a website. They may be present in the header, body, and footer of the site, depending on the design and structure of the site. These elements are essential because they direct visitors to the information they want as quickly as possible.
Designers can choose a variety of navigation patterns and layouts, such as using a button that hides and shows navigation menus. They may also include one-click arrows and other buttons that direct users back to the top of a page, to a specific area of a page, or to another page entirely.
8. The content
The content is all the information available on the site. It is an essential element because visitors want to obtain information quickly. When your website communicates clearly and grabs the attention of your readers, you are more likely to convert them into consumers. The designer can achieve this by using the appropriate tone and providing the correct information throughout the website, including the “About” and “Contact” pages.
9. Adaptability to mobile
Mobile responsiveness is the feature of a website that allows it to display on a mobile device and adapt its layout and proportions to make it readable. Web design ensures that websites are easy to view and navigate on mobile devices. When a website is well-designed and mobile-responsive, customers can easily reach the business.
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Next: How to do it and what is online advertising
The 12 most popular programming languages to learn in 2022
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Tag Archives: country music stars
News Flash: Charity Single Brings Together 19 Top Country Music Artists
The following is excerpted from the Souls 4 Soles website. _________________________________________________________________________ CHARITY SINGLE LAUNCHES ON RADIO, AT RETAIL, ON TELEVISION AND IN THEATRES TODAY BRINGING TOGETHER 19 TOP COUNTRY MUSIC ARTISTS FOR SOLES4SOULS® Download the Song Now! Multi-platinum selling Grammy nominee Billy Gilman spearheads historic project to sponsor 500,000 pairs of shoes with the writing, […]
This entry was posted in Blog and tagged Alan Jackson, Amy Grant, billy gilman, charity, country music stars, Craig Morgan, Diamond Rio, download song, download the choice, help, Josh Turner, Keith Urban, Kellie Pickler, Kenny Rogers, LeAnn Rimes, Montgomery Gentry, needy, newsflash, Randy Travis, Reba McEntire, Richie McDonald, Rodney Atkins, Ronnie Milsap, shoe drive, soles4souls, Steve Holy, the choice, Vince Gill, Wynonna Judd on April 17, 2012 by Chris. |
Optimization of galacto-oligosacharides synthesis using response surface methodology
10.5937/FFR1701001C
547.454+615.246+577.15]:66.011
galacto-oligosaccharides, β-galactosidase, Aspergillus oryzae, optimization, response surface methodology
Milica B. Carević*, Katarina M. Banjanac, Ana D. Milivojević, Marija M. Ćorović, Dejan I. Bezbradica
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, 11000 Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, Serbia
Galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) are important lactose-derived compounds, considered to be a prebiotics, based on abundant scientific evidence about their unique physical properties and physiological effects. This consequently allows their widespread application as supplement in food and feed industry. They are preferably produced by the enzymatic transgalactosylation action of β-galactosidase. However, this enzyme simultaneously performs its primary biological function of lactose hydrolysis, and it is of crucial importance to gain an insight into the influence of different reaction conditions, and provide favorization of transgalactosylation, particularly GOS synthesis reaction. In this study, the response surface methodology (RSM) was applied in terms of individual experimental factors effect estimation, their mutual interaction identification and finally, the determination of optimum conditions for highest GOS yield achievement. Having said that, it can be observed that the temperature and pH have no significant impact on the GOS yield, while on the other hand, the lactose concentration of 400 g/l, enzyme concentration of 13.5 g/l and reaction time of 13 min represent the optimum conditions for achieving the highest GOS yields.
Nowadays an increased awareness considering the beneficial effects of functional foods and prebiotics on human health provided an extensive research focused on their production. Focusing on highly potent and widely available substrates, investigations led to the promising area of lactose based product development, allowing its upgrading and better utilization (Chen and Ganzle, 2016; Geiger et al., 2016). Lactose conversion into desirable prebiotic and functional food ingredients is mainly achieved by enzymatic reaction of transgalactosylation catalyzed by β-galactosidases (Gosling et al., 2010; Otieno, 2010). Although primarily regarded as hydrolyzing enzyme, widely used in the dairy industry for lactose hydrolysis, β-galactosidase under specific conditions can as well perform galactosyl moiety transfer to another carbohydrate, namely lactose, resulting in the formation of a complex mixture of highly valuable products named galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) (Torres et al., 2010).
GOS represent a diverse group of water soluble carbohydrates consisting of several galactose and usually one terminal glucose unit, that can notably vary in polymerization degree, type of linkages, and more importantly in their properties (Urrutia et al., 2013, Carević et al., 2016a). They are marked as non-digestible compounds, recognized as prebiotics owing to the fact that are selectively metabolized by some favorable intestinal microbiota, particularly bifidobacteria and lactobacilli, providing their proliferation and promotion of their activity (Arreola et al., 2014; Hong et al., 2016). GOS may also cause inhibition of intestinal pathogen growth via disabling their adhesion to gastrointestinal epithelial cell surface (Shoaf et al., 2006; Sinclair et al., 2004). Having said that, their consumption greatly contributes to the human overall wellbeing, since they are believed to support an improvement of lactose digestion and mineral absorption, reduction of serum cholesterol level, diminishing the risk of cancer, and enhancement of the host's immune system (Sangwan et al., 2011; Macfarlane et al., 2008; Bruno-Barcena and Azcarate-Peril, 2015). Besides, GOS feature various other favorable characteristics such as the high acid stability, low caloric value, excellent taste and relatively low sweetness that make them highly applicable in infant milk formulas, dairy products, beverages, and finally, animal feed (Van Leusen et al., 2014).
Enzymatic synthesis of GOS from lactose using β-galactosidase from different sources (bacteria, yeasts and fungi) has already been studied by many authors (Torres et al., 2010). Generally, the transgalactosylation reaction was described as a kinetically controlled reaction, where substrate conversion, productivity and product distribution can be highly dependent on the reaction conditions and the enzyme properties (Mahoney, 1998; Park and Oh, 2011). The β-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae, used throughout this study, was previously studied in GOS synthesis, and it proved to be enzyme of choice, prevalently because of its high specific activity, good thermal stability and more importantly low cost (Vera et al., 2012). However, shear of lactose being converted into GOS is fairly low, indicating the need of detailed experimental conditions optimization. Several papers dealing with optimization of reaction parameters, focusing on one at a time, were published so far, focusing mostly on the influence of varying lactose concentration on the GOS formation (Huerta et al., 2011; Vera et al., 2011). In general, it was observed that an increment of lactose content, as well as enzyme content, favor GOS formation (Huerta et al., 2011; Warmerdam, et al., 2013). However, temperature and pH showed a different impact on synthesis yield and product distribution in different reaction systems, although they highly affect reaction productivity (Park and Oh, 2011). On the other hand, extensive optimization comprising all individual and mutual effects of several key factors is very scarce (Lisboa et al., 2012). Therefore, the aim of this study was to achieve thorough optimization of GOS synthesis taking both effects of key reaction parameters (lactose and enzyme concentration, temperature and pH, and reaction time), and their mutual interactions at the same time. For this purpose, response surface methodology (RSM) was employed, and two response variables were monitored (lactose conversion degree and GOS yield).
β-Galactosidase from A. oryzae (>8 IU/mg solid) and lactose used in this study were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). HPLC analysis was performed using HPLC grade water purchased from JT Baker (Center Valley, PA, USA). Other reagents, used for buffer solution preparations, were of analytical grade, and purchased from Centrohem (Stara Pazova, Serbia).
Production of galacto-oligosaccharides
All reactions were performed in conical flasks on an orbital shaker (IKA® KS 4000i control, Werke GmbH and Co.) set at 200 RPM under the controlled temperature specified by experimental plan. Reaction mixtures were comprised of lactose and an enzyme (concentrations specified for each experiment) which were dissolved in 5 ml of the suitable buffer. Samples were taken at different times, predetermined by the experimental plan, and the reaction was stopped by heating samples at 100 °C for 10 min in order to inactivate the enzyme. Samples were appropriately diluted with HPLC grade water, centrifuged (12000 rpm for 10 min), filtered through a 0.2 μm syringe filter and then analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). All experiments were carried out in duplicate and the average values (provided that the standard deviations were less than 5%) of the product concentrations were used for further analysis. Results were presented as the lactose conversion degree (Equation 1) and GOS yield (Equation 2).
Throughout this study, the GOS concentration represents the sum of trisaccharides (GOS3) and tetrasaccharides (GOS4), since the concentration of higher oligosaccharides was negligible (Carević et al, 2016b).
Experimental design and statistical analysis
Experiments were conducted using a central composite rotatable design (CCRD) for the study of five factors (lactose concentration, enzyme concentration, temperature, pH and reaction time) each at five levels (Table 1). Ranges for these parameters are chosen on the basis of preliminary experiments or thorough literature survey.
Table 1.Experimental factors
Coded/Actual values
Temperature, X1 (°C)
Lactose concentration, X2 (g/l)
Enzyme concentration, X3 (g/l)
Time (min)
The experimental plan consisted of 32 experiments (16 factorial, 10 axial, and 6 center points) performed in random order to minimize systematic errors (Milisavljević et al., 2014). The data obtained were analyzed by a response surface method (RSM) to fit the second-order polynomial equation (Equation 3).
Where Y is the response variable (lactose conversion degree and product concentration), b0, bi, bii, bij, are the regression coefficients, and Xi and Xj are independent variables (Table 1). The least-squares method was employed for the response function coefficient calculation and their statistical significance evaluation. Only the significant terms (p ≤ 0.05) were considered for the final reduced model. Adequacy of the obtained model was determined by the Fisher test. Student distribution was used to evaluate the significance of the coefficients. MATLAB 7.0 (Mathworks Inc., Natrick, USA) was used for this purpose.
High performance liquid chromatography analysis
Quantitative analysis of the samples was performed using a Dionex Ultimate 3000 (Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) HPLC system equipped with a Thermo Scientific carbohydrate column (Hyper REZ XP Carbohydrate Ca2+, 300mm x 7.7 mm, i.d. 8 μm) working at 80 °C. HPLC grade water was used as the mobile phase with the constant elution rate of 0.6 ml/min during the analysis, and the detection was performed by a RI detector (RefractoMax 520, ERC, Riemerling, Germany). All data acquisition and processing were done using Chromeleon™ 7.2 Chromatography Data System (Thermo Scientific).
As already noted, β-galactosidase is traditionally used in the dairy industry as a lactose hydrolyzing enzyme. However, in recent years more attention is paid to its transgalactosylation activity, which enables the production of a series of compounds with a prominent functional activity, named galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS). Interestingly, these reactions take place at the same time, and the first stage of these reactions (lactose cleavage) is common, and it represents the formation of enzyme-galactosyl complex (Figure 1). From this point on, reaction course faces a divergence. If enzyme-galactosyl complex passes the galactose moiety onto the molecule of water, the reaction of hydrolysis occurs, and on the other hand, if galactose moiety is passed onto any other free hydroxyl group (lactose or a lower galacto-oligosaccharide molecule), the reaction of transgalactosylation occurs (Figure 1). The rates of all these reactions and consequently the final reaction mixture composition, depend on type of enzyme and reaction conditions such as enzyme and lactose concentration, temperature and the characteristics of the reaction medium (Torres et al., 2010).
Figure 4. Reaction mechanism of galacto-oligosaccharides synthesis
Moreover, it should be pointed out that GOS do not represent end products, and that they are susceptible to hydrolysis too (Mahoney, 1998). Thus, the determination of the optimum reaction time is essential, since hydrolysis of GOS inevitably occurs in later stages of the reaction, due to their significant concentration in the reaction mixture. Having said that, it is clear that GOS synthesis represents a rather difficult task, and therefore, the effect of key reaction factors (lactose and enzyme concentration, temperature and pH, and reaction time) should be evaluated and optimized using response surface methodology (RSM).
Typical chromatograms, presented in an overlapped display in Figure 2, represent the progress of the reaction. With the proceeding of the reaction course, lactose peak (tR=9.627 min) is continuously reducing, while the peaks of its primary hydrolysis products, namely glucose (tR=10.953 min) and galactose (tR=12.042 min), are increasing. However, due to its incorporation in GOS, as consequence of transgalactosylation, galactose peak and consequently its concentration is significantly lower than glucose concentration. Products of transgalactosylation are depicted by trisaccharide (GOS3) peak (tR=8.733 min) and tetrasaccharide (GOS4) peak (tR=8.213 min). In our previous study (Carević et al., 2016a) was confirmed by IMS/MS-MS analysis that other disaccharides, except the lactose, are not present in the reaction mixture and that GOS3 and GOS4 peaks exclusively with β(1→6) and β(1→3) glycosidic linkages are the only transgalactosylation products. Hence, calculated concentrations of these peaks are used as output data in subsequent RSM optimization.
Figure 2. Overlapped chromatograms of reaction species during the reaction course
The aim of the first stage of RSM optimization was to estimate the effect of reaction parameters on the lactose conversion degree. The results were fitted with second-order regression model. Good correlation between experimental results and regression model was determined using the Fisher test, and then Student test was performed in order to evaluate the significance of model coefficients. After the elimination of insignificant coefficients regression model (Equation 4) was obtained.
As it can be clearly seen from the equation, all the linear regression coefficients are significant. On the other hand, three quadratic regression coefficients, namely b11 (-1.70), b33 (-4,37) and b55 (-3,41), are significant and negative, hence, the influence of corresponding parameters: temperature, enzyme concentration and pH can be described as a quadratic function with a maximum value. Moreover, it is evident that there are several significant interactions between the examined parameters: positive interactions between temperature (X1) and time (X4), and lactose concentration (X2) and pH value of reaction mixture (X5), and, on the other hand, negative interaction between the lactose (X2) and enzyme (X3) concentration. The influences of these experimental factors on the lactose conversion are presented as response surface diagrams (Figure 3).
The Figure 3A shows the influence of the temperature (X1) and the reaction time (X4) on the lactose conversion degree. It can be observed that the temperature can be described as a quadratic function with a maximum. Yet, it can be noted that the position of the local maximum varies significantly depending on the reaction time. Hence, in short reaction times, a maximum lactose conversion is achieved at 44°C, although the temperature shows a negligible impact on lactose conversion yield. On the other hand, at maximum reaction times the temperature plays an important role, and maximum lactose conversion degree is achieved around 60°C. As already mentioned, the effects of pH on the lactose conversion degree can be described as a quadratic function with a maximum value, and this dependence is depicted in Figure 3B. It can be observed that the maximum conversion degree is achieved when the pH value persist around pH 4.0. Nevertheless, it should be noted that the position of local maximum is highly dependent on the lactose concentration due to the significant interaction between these two parameters. Since this interaction is positive, a shift of local maximum values towards higher values at higher lactose concentrations is caused. However, lactose concentration (X2) has negative influence on the lactose conversion degree, and therefore lower lactose concentrations and consequently lower values of pH are preferred in terms of achieving the highest conversion degrees. Moreover, the lactose concentration shows the combined effect with another parameter, namely enzyme concentration (X3). This interaction is depicted in Figure 3C. Since square regression coefficient b33 is significant and has a negative value, the impact of the concentration of the enzyme is described as a quadratic function with a maximum. Due to the existence of the negative interaction with lactose concentration, position of the local optimum enzyme concentration moves toward higher values with decreasing concentration of lactose.
Figure 3. The response surface plots: (A) interactive effect of reaction time and temperature on the lactose conversion. Other factors were fixed at: X2=-1; X3=0, X5=0, (B) interactive effect of pH and enzyme concentration on the lactose conversion. Other factors were fixed at: X1=0, X2=-2, X4=1, (C) interactive effect of enzyme concentration and lactose concentration on the lactose conversion. Other factors were fixed at: X1=1; X4=2, X5=1
As previously mentioned, at higher initial concentrations of lactose conversion degree did not show significant growth, even with optimum values of enzyme concentrations. On the other hand, at lower concentration values lactose, the increase in the lactose conversion degree with increasing concentrations of the enzyme is notable. Bearing this in mind, it can be concluded that the greatest degree of lactose conversion is achieved at a concentration of enzymes around 13.5 g/l, provided that the lactose concentration is around 20 g/l. Finally, these results lead to the conclusion that in order to achieve the maximum lactose conversion degree, optimal conditions should be: temperature 60°C, a lactose concentration of 20 g/l, enzyme concentration of 13.5 g/l, reaction time 25 min and pH 4.
Even though the high portion of lactose conversion was achieved, only one part goes on GOS synthesis while the rest is a consequence of hydrolysis, where lactose is converted to its constituents (glucose and galactose). Therefore, the influence of the same reaction parameters on the promotion of GOS synthesis was examined. After the employing the previously defined statistical analysis a new regression model was derived (Equation 5).
Unlike the first derived model (Equation 4), the second model (Equation 5) shows that not all of the linear regression coefficients are significant. Consequently, not all the reaction parameters showed significant impact on the GOS synthesis reaction. More precisely, temperature (X1) and pH (X5) in the examined range proved to be insignificant factors, while the other factors (lactose concentration, enzyme concentration and reaction time), played an important role in maximizing a GOS yield. As it can be seen from the model, there are two significant quadratic regression coefficients b33 (-0.83) and b44 (-2.34), and both of them have negative values, meaning they possess an optimum value. Also, it was found that there is a positive correlation between the lactose (X2) and enzyme concentration (X3), as well as the positive correlation between the lactose concentration (X2) and the reaction time (X4).
Figure 4. The response surface plots: (a) interactive effect of reaction time and enzyme concentration on the GOS yield. Other factors were fixed at: X2=2, (b) interactive effect of reaction time and lactose concentration on the GOS yield. Other factors were fixed at: X3=2
Influences of the most interesting factors on the obtained GOS yield are illustrated on the response surface diagrams (Figure 4). As noted before, the influence of the enzyme concentration (X3) can be graphically presented as a quadratic function with a maximum value, due to the negative quadratic regression coefficient. Local maximum peaks, however, may vary greatly depending on the initial lactose concentration, due to the positive interaction between these two factors. Hence, local optimum values of the enzyme concentration shift towards higher values at higher lactose concentrations. Likewise, the effect of the reaction time (X4) can be described as a quadratic function with a maximum, and owing to the positive correlation with the lactose concentration it shifts towards higher optimum values, as lactose concentration increases. Unlike these two factors, lactose concentration increase causes the increment of GOS yield in whole examined range. Having said that, it can be concluded that the optimum values of observed parameters in terms of achieving the highest GOS yields, were: lactose concentration of 400 g/l, enzyme concentration of 13.5 g/l and reaction time of 13 min. If we compare the obtained models, as well as the results of the optimization concerning both examined outputs, significant differences can be observed. Obviously, the individual factors showed substantial impact onto the reaction course. More precisely, it was shown that the key reaction parameters are the concentration of lactose and reaction time, as the impact of these factors on the two outputs diametrically opposite. Most importantly, the high concentration of lactose and low reaction times favor the transgalactosylation reaction, hence GOS synthesis. These results are somehow expected, bearing in mind that higher lactose concentrations provide more sugar molecules that can compete with water molecules leading to increase in GOS production, while the lower lactose concentrations shift the reaction course towards hydrolysis. Likewise, in the initial stage of the reaction transgalactosylation is promoted due to the high lactose concentration in the reaction mixture. In later stages, however, the intensified hydrolysis of both lactose and GOS takes place, thus longer reaction times are not fitted for GOS synthesis.
Finally, in terms of testing the adequacy of the obtained optimization results, an additional experiment was performed under the following conditions: lactose concentration of 400 g/l, enzyme concentration of 13.5 g/l and reaction time of 13 min, temperature 50°C and pH 4.5. The obtained GOS yield in this case was 29.6%, that represents less than 5% deviation from the predicted value by the RSM model.
In the present study, the surface response methodology (RSM) was employed for the reaction parameter (temperature, enzyme and lactose concentration, reaction time and pH) optimizations in terms of achieving high GOS yields catalyzed by β-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae. It was concluded that the temperature and pH, although they highly impact the lactose conversion, have negligible influence on GOS synthesis. While, on the other hand, enzyme concentration, lactose concentration and time provide a rather significant contribution to the optimization process. More precisely, highest GOS yields are achieved when reaction parameters are as follows: lactose concentration of 400 g/l, enzyme concentration of 13.5 g/l and reaction time of 13 min. Bearing in mind that GOS yields achieved in the additional experiment under the optimum conditions, are within 5% deviation from the predicted values, it can be concluded that model ensures good prediction, and that application of RSM was reasonable.
The authors are grateful for financial support from the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science, and Technological Development (Project III 46010). |
Live-streaming 360° concert video
Panorama Music Festival — HP / Intel
Sure, it’s cool to watch a band perform live, but anyone who has been to a crowded concert knows how difficult it can be to see the band unless you’re at the front of the crowd. Using our 360° video technology, attendees at Panorama donned high-definition VR headsets and watched it — as if they were onstage too.
We placed high-end 360° video cameras on each of the stages at Panorama, a popular music festival in New York City, and gave festival-goers immersive access to their favorite artists and bands. |
Why King Size 4.5 Tog Duvet Will Be Your Next Big Obsession
작성자 Silas 작성일23-01-17 16:38 조회213회 댓글0건
Buying a Double 4.5 Tog Duvet
A double 4.5-inch duvet is ideal for those who live in colder climates. This type of duvet is ideal for when you need extra warmth in your bed. It could also be used as a backup for your main duvet. This duvet is also an excellent option if you require a bed with high levels of anti-allergy properties.
4.5 tog duvets are ideal for colder climates
It is crucial to find the right duvet for you. There are a lot of things to consider. The temperature in your bedroom can influence the quality of your sleep. To lower your heating expenses, you can also buy a light duvet.
Tog rating is the insulation value of different materials. Tog rating is a measure of how warm a bed is. The ratings range from 2.5 tog to 15 tog.
If you want to stay warm during the winter, you should buy a duvet which has an tog rating of at minimum 12.0 tog. This is the best choice when you live in a colder climate. It's not necessary in all cases.
One of the simplest ways to measure the tog of duvets is to measure the amount of thermal insulation it offers. Tog values that are higher help you not have to wear layers of clothing at night.
You should also think about the material used in the making of your duvet. Synthetic duvets are typically heavier than natural duvets, and don't have as much insulating value. Natural duvets on the contrary are more efficient in thermal properties.
It's a good idea to have two-tog rated duvets for your home to avoid becoming too hot during summer months. A down duvet in your bedroom is a fantastic way to lower your heating expenses.
A pillow that has the right tog rating will give you the best results. Although there is no definitive standard for the tog of a pillow there are a few aspects to consider.
7.5 tog or 10.5 tog duvets are ideal for spring and autumn
To ensure a restful and restful night it is crucial that you choose the best tog rating for your bed. If you're not certain which tog is suitable for you, consult this guide to help. It's not a complete list, so you will have to try different options to find your ideal duvet.
The tog of your duvet depends on how well it will trap warm air. A lighter duvet will feel warmer and a heavier one will feel cooler. This is due to the differences in the pressure of air.
A light summer duvet, as an example, weighs in at 4.5 tog duvets king size g. A heavier winter duvet will weigh 12 tog or more. However, you may want a lighter summer duvet to prevent overheating at night.
Some people prefer a duvet that has a higher level of tog, whereas others prefer a less tog. It is all dependent on your personal preferences.
You can also purchase an all-season duvet. These are a great option for winter and summer. They can be attached or detached easily and consist of two separate duvets. In the spring and autumn, the two duvets can be combined to create a 13.5 tog duvet.
Most people choose a 10.5 tog duvet. It's a great upgrade from a 7.5 tog duvet. In the winter, you can layer a 10.5 tog duvet with blankets for extra warmth.
People who are allergic to allergens may benefit from a down alternative duvet. It is hypoallergenic and durable. Another advantage is that it is easier to clean.
For toddlers, a light duvet is ideal for toddlers. A duvet with a tog score greater than 7.5 is not recommended by children less than three years of age.
The highest levels of thermal insulation can be achieved with duvets that weigh 13.5 or 15 grams
There are many tog ratings available when shopping for duvets. The higher the rating, the more comfortable your sleep will be. There is no need to pay for a duvet that has an tog of 13.5 or 15 if the 4.5 tog is enough.
There are a variety of ways to determine the tog rating of carpet underlay, clothes, and duvets. There is an easy way to find the tog rating for a specific product.
The tog of an item is typically determined by the material that it is made of. Wool, silk and cotton all provide the highest insulation value. These are the best materials to make high-quality duvets.
The tog for a duvet may be determined by the fabric's thickness. It will be determined by your level of comfort and the environment in which you're likely to use the product.
The size of a duvet's tog is generally the one that best shows its capabilities. If you're looking for a summer duvet, the 7.5-inch tog will be most suitable. The 13.5 tog is ideal for winter months.
If you're not sure what to choose, pick the all-season duvet. They typically come with two duvets which can be linked using buttons.
One of the best things about these duvets is that they are machine washable. They also are hypoallergenic, which is especially useful for people with allergies. A hypoallergenic bedsheet can keep dust mites and bacteria from getting trapped in your duvet. This makes you feel better.
Anti-allergy double duvet 4.5 OZ
Silentnight Anti Allergy 4 tog duvet is the benchmark for allergy-friendly comfort. In addition to the standard bedding essentials the duvet is fitted with an anti-allergy filling which makes sleeping in darkness a thing of the past. Additionally, there is the five-year warranty which is an important benefit in this day and age. The silica fill, which is designed to decrease dust mites, is an eco-friendly winner in the category. Additionally, the material has been tested as hypoallergenic, a major benefit for allergy sufferers all over the world. This anti allergy duvet is fashionable and doesn't seem like much work.
This double duvet has something for anyone, thanks to a polycotton material that is cool and breathable. The duvet also has an anti-allergic filling which promises to make sleep effortless. silentnight cooler summer 4.5 tog duvet's focus is on satisfaction of customers, as demonstrated by the five-year guarantee. Do yourself a favor by purchasing a Silentnight® 4.5 tog duvet immediately. The 4.5-tog double duvet is ideal for those who suffer from allergies.
4.5 tog duvets can be used as an extra duvet
You should select the appropriate tog rating when buying a duvet. Tog refers to the thermal insulation that is provided by the duvet. This will depend on a variety of factors that include your preferred sleep temperature, your environment, and the personal preferences.
There are different tog ratings in accordance with the season. Depending on the location of your home you may require an additional duvet for winter or summer.
For instance in Fort William, in the Highlands The average lows for 4.5 tog cotton Duvet January have been -1 and the highest temperatures are around 12 degrees Celsius. A duvet must have at least a tog rating of 13.5
If you are in a warmer climate you might want a lighter duvet such as 4.5 tog cotton duvet tog. This will prevent you from overheating at night.
If you are in a colder location it is possible to choose a heavier duvet. This will keep you warm in the winter months. It is easier to manage when you have a heavier duvet.
When choosing a duvet you should also consider the kind of filling you prefer. There are two kinds of natural fibres which are natural and synthetic. However natural fibres are superior in thermal properties. Synthetic fibres are heavier.
Another factor to consider is whether or not you are a hot or cold sleeper. People can get very hot at night which makes it difficult to get a good night's sleep. By investing in two duvets, you will ensure that you have a spare one on hand throughout the year.
Duvets made from synthetic materials should be avoided if you have allergies. Some people choose to have their duvets lined with an anti-allergy treatment to stop dust mites and other allergens from developing. |
Friday, Mar. 18, 2022 |
Posted on 17/03/2016 11/12/2017 Author Grantham Athletic ClubCategories Events83
You will see that we have put together a new website. In order to work on materials on the old site we have had to open this site early. We will be overhauling content over the Easter holidays after which you will be find everything you need.
Lincs League Match 1 – Boston 03/04/16 |
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Home » Health News » Researchers Are Getting Closer to Understanding Long COVID. But Treatments Are Likely Still a Ways Off
Researchers Are Getting Closer to Understanding Long COVID. But Treatments Are Likely Still a Ways Off
March 8, 2022 TimeMagazine Off Health News
Two years into the COVID-19 pandemic, questions about Long COVID still outnumber answers. Why do some people develop long-lasting symptoms—often after a mild case of COVID-19, sometimes even after being vaccinated—while others fully recover from their brushes with the SARS-CoV-2 virus? Why does Long COVID seem to disproportionately appear in women? How can one condition affect numerous bodily systems, causing symptoms ranging from brain fog to joint pain to total exhaustion? Is Long COVID a single diagnosis, or is it better understood as an umbrella term for a spectrum of disease, caused by a range of biologically diverse effects of the virus? Or, could it actually be a new manifestation of post-viral illnesses that have been around for decades?
A flurry of recent studies, some of which have been peer-reviewed and published, and others that are currently going through that process, seek to explain why millions of people suffer from Long COVID. Each one contributes a small piece to the larger research puzzle, helping to build scientific understanding of the disease, little by little.
Even as they do, though, the number of people living with Long COVID grows every day, and there are still few research-backed treatments to offer them. “Patients are pushing for an answer. They’re pushing for the one treatment,” says Christina Martin, a nurse practitioner who helps run Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center’s Post-Acute COVID Syndrome Clinic in New Hampshire. “They’re looking for the Holy Grail, and it’s just not out there.”
Causes of Long COVID
Dozens of studies on Long COVID have been published in recent months, many of which can be broadly sorted into two camps. One group explores what goes wrong in the body to cause Long COVID symptoms, while the other seeks to identify which individuals are at greatest risk for developing the condition.
The most recent, published in Nature on March 7, suggests that SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, can damage the brain—even among people who experienced mild cases. This, the authors write, could lead to lasting issues including cognitive decline, smell loss, and inflammation of the nervous system.
In a similar vein, research set to be presented at the European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases in April suggests that damage to the vagus nerve—which extends from the brain down the torso—is behind many Long COVID symptoms. After studying almost 350 patients with Long COVID, the researchers found that 66% had symptoms indicative of vagus nerve damage, including abnormal heart rate, dizziness, and gastrointestinal problems. Another recent study, published March 1 in the journal Neurology: Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation, also points to nerve damage as a likely culprit behind many symptoms.
But for a condition as complex as Long COVID, which is linked to more than 200 different symptoms, there will likely not be a single cause, says Dr. Gemma Lladós, an infectious disease physician at Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol in Spain and one of the researchers behind the vagus nerve study. Nerve damage may explain many cases, but it almost certainly can’t explain them all, she says.
The vascular system is another area that has drawn attention from researchers. A study published in Biochemical Journal in February argues that tiny “microclots” in the blood may cause many Long COVID symptoms by preventing oxygen from reaching the body’s tissues. Similarly, a paper published in the journal Chest in January suggests that one hallmark of Long COVID, intolerance to exercise, may be related to poor oxygen delivery.
Other researchers theorize that remnants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus may linger in the body, potentially causing lasting symptoms. It’s also possible that, for some people, COVID-19 pushes the immune system into a hyperactive state, essentially causing it to attack itself.
That hypothesis dovetails with a paper published in the journal Cell in January, which tried to explain why some people develop Long COVID and others don’t. The researchers found four key risk factors associated with developing Long COVID:
a type 2 diabetes diagnosis
genetic material from the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the blood
evidence of Epstein-Barr virus in the blood
the presence of autoantibodies—molecules that attack the body’s own tissues, instead of foreign pathogens like a virus
Co-author James Heath, president of Seattle’s Institute for Systems Biology, says the autoantibody finding was the most important, in part because it showed a possible similarity between Long COVID and the autoimmune disease lupus. While there’s no cure for lupus, “there are treatments out there that can be effective,” Heath says. “So those would be a line of things that are worth looking at” for Long COVID patients.
The finding that SARS-CoV-2 or Epstein-Barr viruses in the blood can predict some cases of Long COVID also suggests that taking antivirals shortly after a COVID-19 diagnosis could help prevent some cases, he says.
The Treatment Gap
At the moment, though, those are just hypotheses. At least until more research is done, knowing about risk factors does little to help people who already have Long COVID, says Martin from Dartmouth-Hitchcock—especially since most people have no idea whether they have something like autoantibodies in their systems.
Patients often ask about studies they’ve read about risk factors and all Martin can tell them is that, “‘it’s not changing how we manage your symptoms,’” she says. “‘What might make you at risk for it, it doesn’t change things. You have it.’”
Even symptom management is, at this point, a sophisticated game of trial and error, says Dr. Jeffrey Parsonnet, an infectious disease physician who also works in Dartmouth-Hitchcock’s clinic. Some of the interventions that seem to work best for patients in his clinic—like occupational therapy and mental health support—have little to do with the basic science described in studies. “One of the biggest things we have to offer is a knowledgeable and sympathetic ear,” Parsonnet says.
Dr. Brad Nieset, who runs the Benefis Health System Post-COVID-19 Recovery Program in Montana, says his approach hinges on meeting each patient’s recovery goals, whether that’s feeling well enough to sing in church or getting back to an outdoor activity. While his team stays up-to-date on the latest research, Nieset says it sometimes feels that “people are grasping at zebras [rather than looking for horses]. It’s not as complex once you break it down” and focus on what could actually help each individual patient. Often, that means applying long-used treatments—like respiratory therapies or neurologic support—to a new disease, he says.
A better understanding of risk factors could be useful, Nieset says, if vulnerable individuals could seek care right after they test positive for COVID-19. But, again, many risk factors identified by studies, such as autoantibodies or viral load in the blood, aren’t something the average individual would know they have.
As such, “there’s no direct implications of that,” as far as developing screening standards or patient treatments, Parsonnet says.
Dr. Onur Boyman, a clinical immunologist at the University of Zurich, disagrees. He co-authored another recent paper on risk factors for Long COVID, published in January in Nature Communications. His team found that older people, those with a history of asthma, and people with low levels of certain immunoglobulins (which are a type of antibody) were at increased risk of developing Long COVID. People who experienced many different symptoms during their acute COVID-19 infections also seemed at higher risk than those who had few symptoms.
While most people don’t know much about their immunoglobulin levels, Boyman says that testing is fairly easy and inexpensive to do. “If you have patients who are of older age and/or have a history of asthma, then you could measure their immunoglobulin levels. If those are also relatively low, then you would know this individual has a particularly high risk of developing Long COVID,” he says.
Armed with that knowledge, he says, “you can make sure that individual is very well vaccinated,” perhaps getting more regular booster shots than the average person, Boyman says. Studies have shown that vaccinated people who get infected are about half as less likely to develop Long COVID, compared to unvaccinated people.
Beyond Long COVID
Even if studies don’t immediately translate to treatments, it’s important to understand how a disease works and who is affected. That’s especially true for a condition as complicated as Long COVID; if studies begin to suggest that there are actually different subtypes of Long COVID, that could lead to more personalized patient care, Boyman says.
Long COVID is also part of a much wider network of chronic diseases. It seems to overlap especially significantly with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS)—a condition that can follow viral illnesses and leads to debilitating exhaustion—to the point that some Long COVID patients meet the diagnostic criteria for ME/CFS.
Complex chronic conditions such as ME/CFS, chronic Lyme disease, and fibromyalgia have been around since long before COVID-19 existed and affect millions of people in the U.S. alone, but they have not historically received much research funding or attention from the mainstream medical community. “ME has a 40-year history that’s defined by neglect and abandonment,” says patient advocate Rivka Solomon, who has had ME/CFS for 32 years.
While Solomon says she’s thrilled by the amount of attention given to Long COVID and stresses that there is no “us versus them” in the chronic disease world, she wishes other complex illnesses received the same amount of attention and funding—like the $1.15 billion over four years Congress gave the National Institutes of Health in 2020 to support research into the long-term effects of COVID-19.
Part of the imbalance may have to do with the scale and immediacy of the Long COVID problem. Experts estimate there are upward of 15 million Long COVID patients in the U.S. and even more around the world, all of whom have gotten sick over the last two years. There are up to 2.5 million ME/CFS patients living in the U.S., by contrast. But if researchers had invested in ME/CFS and other post-infectious chronic illnesses earlier, Solomon says, they might have better answers for Long COVID patients today.
Heath argues that all the attention on Long COVID could lead to breakthroughs for other conditions. If researchers learn more about how chronic disease works, it could over time lead to improvements for people who live with a variety of different ailments, he says. Research is “not really just about Long COVID. It’s about the triggers that can lead to the development of chronic diseases.” (Solomon says she’d like to see more studies focus specifically on conditions like ME/CFS, rather than assuming Long COVID findings will translate to other diagnoses.)
Science is progressing, but that progress can feel painfully slow for both Long COVID patients and those who got sick from other viruses well before them. It can take years for hypotheses to turn into solutions—years patients will never get back.
Contributor: Jamie Ducharme
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Health Library Health Centers Pregnancy & Newborns Pregnancy Complications
Complications of Pregnancy
What are some of the more common complications of pregnancy?
Most pregnancies are uneventful. But sometimes complications happen. Here are some of the more common pregnancy complications.
Normal pregnancy.
Amniotic fluid complications
Too much or too little amniotic fluid in the sac around the fetus may be a sign of a problem with the pregnancy. Too much fluid can put too much pressure on the pregnant person's uterus, leading to preterm labor. It also can cause pressure on the pregnant person's diaphragm. This can cause problems breathing. Fluids tend to build up in cases of uncontrolled diabetes, a multiple pregnancy, incompatible blood types, or birth defects. Too little fluid may be a sign of birth defects, growth retardation, or stillbirth.
Bleeding in late pregnancy may be a sign of a placental problem, a vaginal or cervical infection, or preterm labor. Women who bleed in late pregnancy may be at greater risk of losing the fetus and bleeding a lot. Tell your healthcare provider right away if you have bleeding at any time during the pregnancy.
An ectopic pregnancy is when the fetus develops outside of the uterus. This can happen in the fallopian tubes, cervical canal, or the pelvic or belly. The cause of an ectopic pregnancy is often scar tissue in the fallopian tube from infection or disease. The risk of ectopic pregnancy is higher in people who have had tubal sterilization procedures, especially people who were younger than age 30 at the time of sterilization.
Ectopic pregnancies happen in about 1 out of 50 pregnancies. They can be very unsafe for the pregnant person. Symptoms may include spotting and cramping. The longer an ectopic pregnancy goes on, the greater the chance that a fallopian tube will rupture. An ultrasound and blood tests may confirm the diagnosis. Treatment of an ectopic pregnancy may include medicine or surgery to take out the fetus.
Miscarriage or fetal loss
A miscarriage is pregnancy loss that happens up to 20 weeks of gestation. Most miscarriages happen before 12 weeks. Miscarriages happen in about 1 in 10 to 3 in 20 pregnancies. They are often due to genetic or chromosomal abnormalities.
Miscarriages are usually preceded by spotting and intense cramping. To confirm a miscarriage, an ultrasound and blood tests may be done. The fetus and contents of the uterus are often naturally expelled. If this does not happen, a procedure called a dilation and curettage (D & C) may be needed. This procedure uses special tools to remove the abnormal pregnancy.
Fetal loss in the second trimester may happen if the cervix is weak and opens too early. This is called incompetent cervix. In some cases, a healthcare provider can help prevent pregnancy loss by stitching the cervix closed until delivery. The hormone progesterone may also be given to stop the cervix from dilating during pregnancy.
Placental complications
In a normal pregnancy, the placenta attaches to the uterine wall. But 3 types of placental complications may happen:
Placental abruption. Sometimes the placenta becomes detached from the uterine wall too soon. This is called placental abruption. It leads to bleeding and less oxygen and nutrients to the fetus. The detachment may be complete or partial. The cause of placental abruption is often unknown. Placental abruption happens in about 1 in every 100 live births.
Placental abruption is more common in women who smoke, have high blood pressure, or have a multiple pregnancy. It also happens in people who have had previous children or a history of placental abruption. Symptoms and treatment depend on the degree of detachment. Symptoms may include bleeding, cramping, and belly tenderness. Diagnosis is often confirmed with a physical exam. An ultrasound may also be done. People are usually put in the hospital for this condition. They may have to deliver the baby early.
Placenta previa. Normally, the placenta is located in the upper part of the uterus. Placenta previa is a condition in which the placenta is attached close to or covering the cervix (the opening into the uterus). This type of placental complication happens in about 1 in every 200 deliveries. It happens more often in people who have scarring of the uterus from past pregnancies. It also happens in people who have fibroids or other problems in the uterus, or in people who have had uterine surgeries.
Symptoms may include vaginal bleeding that is bright red and not linked with belly tenderness or pain. Diagnosis is confirmed by doing a physical exam and an ultrasound. Depending on how bad the problem is and the stage of pregnancy, a change in activities or bed rest may be ordered. The baby often has to be delivered by cesarean section. This keeps the placenta from detaching early and depriving the baby of oxygen during delivery.
Placenta accreta. Sometimes the placenta or part of the placenta invades the uterine wall. This may result in third trimester bleeding. This problem may be found before delivery with ultrasound or MRI. It can lead to life-threatening bleeding. A healthcare provider will plan the delivery carefully. Often, a hysterectomy is needed after delivery.
Preeclampsia or eclampsia
Preeclampsia (or toxemia) causes high blood pressure during pregnancy. Protein is also found in the urine. Sometimes a pregnant person has swelling due to fluid retention. Eclampsia is the more severe form of this problem. It can lead to seizures, coma, or even death.
The cause of preeclampsia is unknown. But it is more common in first pregnancies. It affects about 1 in 20 to 4 in 50 pregnant people. Other risk factors for preeclampsia include:
A person carrying multiple fetuses
A teenage parent
A person older than 40
A person with high blood pressure, diabetes, or kidney disease before they became pregnant
History of thrombophilia or lupus
History of an in vitro pregnancy
A person who is obese with a BMI greater than 30
Symptoms may include severe swelling of the hands and face, high blood pressure, headache, dizziness, irritability, decreased urine output, belly pain, and blurred vision. Treatment will vary based on the severity of the condition and the stage of the pregnancy. Treatment may include a hospital stay, bed rest, medicine to lower blood pressure, and keeping close track of both the fetus and the parent.
Online Medical Reviewer: Donna Freeborn PhD CNM FNP
Online Medical Reviewer: Heather M Trevino BSN RNC
Online Medical Reviewer: Irina Burd MD PhD
Asthma and Pregnancy
Back Pain During Pregnancy
Back Pain During Pregnancy: Moving Safely
Back Pain During Pregnancy: Positioning Yourself
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Pregnancy and Childbirth
Understanding Risks of Medicines in Pregnancy
Graves Disease in Pregnancy
Lupus and Pregnancy
Maternal and Fetal Infections
Maternal and Fetal Testing Overview
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Highland Park (Ill.)--History--Records, 1 results 1
Highland Park (Ill.)--History--Records Series
Highland Park Historical Society Records
This series contains documents pertaining to Highland Park Historical Society. The documents from the Challenge Grant Fund from 1992 through 1994 are included as well as repairs that have been done on the house and other administrative documents pertaining to the society.
Highland Park Historical Society |
Houston, USA Panchangam for January 2023 in Hindi
Houston - January 2023
Houston, USA Panchangam for January 2023 in Hindi - Hindu Panchangam Calendars for all major cities in USA, Brazil, UK, Australia, United Arab Emirates, Singapore, Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait etc. |
Houston, USA Panchangam for November 2022 in Hindi
Houston - November 2022
Houston, USA Panchangam for November 2022 in Hindi - Hindu Panchangam Calendars for all major cities in USA, Brazil, UK, Australia, United Arab Emirates, Singapore, Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait etc. |
Department of digitization
Digital repository of scientific institutes
Publishing Commission
Crossing borders, building walls. Towards ethnography of Russian war mobilisation
Research project’s title: Crossing borders, building walls. Towards ethnography of Russian war mobilisation
Funding: Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange (NAWA) nr BPN/GIN/2022/1/00082/DEC/1
Dates: 16.01.2023-16.01.2024
Project leader: dr Zuzanna Bogumił
Project host: Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences
Cooperating Institutions: University of Eastern Finland, Wydział Socjologii UW, Instytut Slawistyki PAN, Nazarbayev University, Ilia State University, Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology NAS RA, Bursa Uludağ University
Contact: e-mail: zbogumil(et)iaepan.edu.pl
The main goal of the project is to investigate the specificity of the migration wave related to mobilisation in Russia announced in September 2022 regarding the ongoing war in Ukraine. Project puts a particular focus on establishing: how do migrants explain their decision to flee from mobilisation? How do they explain the mobilisation? To what extent do they perceive the migration as an individual, social and political act? The project recognizes that the mobilisation is a new pushing factor in the contemporary European and World’s migration crisis, and therefore it requires a separated academic reflection. Moreover, since February 2022, there has been a clear and dynamic increase in the number of Russian diasporas in Europe and around the world, and their status and role require investigation. We therefore focus on Russian migration of mobilisation in order to establish how it fits into the debates about the humanitarian crisis, what are its particular features and how mobilisation as a pushing factor affects the current migration landscape. Within the framework of the project in 8 selected countries - Poland, Finland, Estonia, Georgia, Armenia, Turkey, Kazakhstan and Mongolia - we aim to conduct in-depth interviews (IDI) each with migrants/refugees/fugitives/conscientious objectors of Russian citizenship from different social strata and ethnic groups who crossed the border after the announcement of partial mobilisation in their country. As a supplementary methods we use participant observation and critical discourse analysis (CDA), essential for contextualising this wave of migration in particular countries.
The project involves conducting interviews with people in the migration crisis, which is why we attach great importance to the methodology, ethics, safety of research and securing the collected data. The ethical principles of the project "Crossing borders, building walls" are based on the universal principle of respect for human rights. In the protection and processing of personal data, we follow the principles contained in Regulation 2016/679 - Protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation ), and relevant documents applicable to our partners from outside the EU whose countries have not adopted Regulation 2016/679.
Mustafa Berkay Aydın with a bachelor's degree in Sociology (Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey) and he obtained PhD (2015) in Sociology (Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey). Now, he works as Assoc. Prof. at Bursa Uludağ University Department of Sociology, Bursa/Turkey. He is interesting in digital sociology, sociology of sport, applied sociology, political sociology, migration and sociology of work. He has published some publications in these areas. He conducts researches at Turkey, on the other hand he was at different countries and universities as a visiting reseacrher at his academic process in a various times such as University of Kent (UK), London Metropolitan University (UK) and Stockholm University (Sweden). Detailed Infırmation: https://avesis.uludag.edu.tr/berkayaydin, email: berkayaydin(et)uludag.edu.tr)
Alima Bissenova is an Associate Professor of Anthropology at Nazarbayev University. She specializes in urban anthropology, anthropology of Islam, postcolonial studies, and intellectual history. She has published her work in English and Russian in the journals Religion, State, and Society, Europe-Asia Studies, AB Imperio, Novoe Literaturnoe Obozrenie, Current History, and Sotsiologiya Vlasti.
Zuzanna Bogumił (project coordinator) is cultural anthropologist, working at the Institute of Archeology and Ethnology, Polish Academy of Sciences. She specializes in memory studies, museum studies and anthropology of religion. Bogumił is an author, co-author or co-editor of several books, among them: Gulag Memories: The Rediscovery and Commemoration of Russia's Repressive Past (Berghan Books 2018), Milieux de mémoire in Late Modernity. Local Communities, Religion and Historical Politics (Peter Lang 2019). Memory and Religion from a Postsecular Perspective (Routledge 2022). She currently coordinates several projects among them project Post-secular approach to memory processes in Central-Eastern Europe sponsored by Visegrad Found.
Mariam Darchiashvili is an Assistant-Professor in social and cultural anthropology at Ilia State University, Georgia. Her research interest includes migration and mobilities, informality, and economic and legal anthropology. As a researcher, she has been involved in the following scientific projects: ‘Religiosity among young Georgians’ (2015-2018); ‘Infrastructure and Narratives: Black Sea Networks’ (2018-2019); ‘Surrogacy as Networked Phenomenon: the study of key actors and their interrelations’ (2020-2023), ‘Death in migration: perspectives from the post-Soviet space’ (2021-2022). Her articles have appeared in Nationalities Papers, Journal of Religion in Europe, and Revue Européenne des Migrations Internationales (REMI).
Olga Davydova-Minguet, PhD in ethnology, holds a professorship in Russian and border studies at the Karelian Institute of the university of Eastern Finland. Davydova-Minguet’s main research interests fall within the intersections of migration, cultural, gender and transnational studies. She has studied immigration of Russian speakers to Finland since the beginning of 2000s. With her research group, recently she has conducted research projects focusing on transnational politics of memory in the border areas of Finland and Russia, media use of Russian speakers in Finland, and perceptions of Russia in Finnish border areas among different population groups. Her current Finnish Academy’s funded research project delves into death practices among Russian-speaking immigrants in Eastern Finland, and into the meanings of death in memory politics in bordering Republic of Karelia in Russia and Eastern Finland.
Ketevan Gurchiani is a professor of anthropology at Ilia State University in Tbilisi, Georgia. She is particularly interested in lived religion, the domesticated and undomesticated nature of the city, and informal practices of resistance. Since 2020, Ketevan Gurchiani has been leading the project: "Tbilisi as an Urban Assemblage" (https://urbanassemblage.iliauni.edu.ge). In this project she is interested in different aspects of the intertwining of human and non-human in the city. Ketevan Gurchiani is also involved in the projects "An Anthropology of Gardens Otherwise and Elsewhere", "Surrogacy as Networked Phenomenon", and “Conflict and Cooperation in Eastern Europe”. Webpage https://faculty.iliauni.edu.ge/arts/ketevan-gurchiani/?lang=en
Byambabaatar Ichinkhorloo PhD is the head of the Challenge Local Development Research Institute in Mongolia and a senior lecturer at the Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, National University of Mongolia. Previously, he worked as a lecturer at the University of Zurich and a co-investigator of "Gobi Framework" research project at the University of Oxford. As a social anthropologist, Byamba is studying how people make a living in Mongolia since 1990. His earlier research focused on social networks, pastoralism, and political economy and ecology. Recently, he studies nomadic cultures, state policies, and mining impacts in Inner Asia. His latest publication includes the "Impact of Mining Lifecycles in Mongolia and Kyrgyzstan: Political, Social, Environmental and Cultural Contexts."
Chuluunbaatar Munkhtuul PhD is a senior researcher at the Challenge Local Development Research Institute and a lecturer at the Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, National University of Mongolia. She received her doctorate from the Minzu University of China in Beijing and worked in the international research institutes including World Anthropology and Ethnology Research Center and research projects of ADB and World Bank in addition to her academic teaching at the University of Art and Culture. Her research focuses on kinship, family, politics, rituals, migration and bio-politics in Mongolia and China. Her latest publication includes the "Care and the State: Family of Comtemporary Chinese Villages and the Government."
Sona Nersisyan received PhD degree in history and ethnology at the Institute of Archeology and Ethnography NAS RA. I am a senior researcher at the Department of Diaspora Studies at the same Institute. Also, I have an experience of working as a lecturer at the Armenian State Pedagogical University, and Scientific Advisor to the Director of National Institute of Labor and Social Research by Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs of RA.I managed and participated in the international and state research projects in different fields, which include migration, diaspora studies, repatriation studies, social network analysis, investment and socio-economic studies.
Raili Nugin is a sociologist, working at the School of Humanities, Tallinn University. During her academic career she has studied transition to adulthood, generational conceptualisation, youth mobilities, rural youth, rural-urban relations, memory transmission and social exclusion. Within her different research projects (international and national), she has also studied Russian ethnic minorities in Estonia and recently, Ukrainian refugees in the context of rural-urban networks. She has authored several research articles in different journals (Memory Studies, Journal of Youth Studies, Journal of Rural Studies, Sociologia Ruralis), edited a book about generations (“Generations in Estonia: Contemporary Perspectives on Turbulent Times,” Tartu University 2015) and written a monograph about the generation born in the 1970s (“The 1970s: Portrait of a Generation at the Doorstep,” Tartu University 2015).
Tomasz Rawski is a political and cultural sociologist focused on researching memory politics, nationalism/war and state socialism in contemporary Eastern Europe and beyond. He authored a book on Bosniak nationalism in Bosnia and Herzegovina after 1995 and several articles in renowned journals, including East European Politics and Societies, International Journal of Comparative Sociology and Problems of Post-Communism. He participated in research projects focused on memory politics, including H2020: REPAST and H2020: DisTerrMem. He was a visiting scholar at University College London, Uppsala University and University of Sarajevo.
Katarzyna Roman-Rawska, assistant professor at the Institute of Slavic Studies of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Literary scholar, sociologist, publicist and literary translator. She works on the intersection of culture and politics as well as anti-regime and anti-war resistance in contemporary Russia. https://pan-pl.academia.edu/KatarzynaRomanRawska
Tamilla Şahin is a PhD student at the Bursa Uludag University, Department of Labour Economics and Industrial Relations. At the same time, I am continuing my doctoral education as project assistant in Priority Migration area within the YÖK 100 / 2000 program. My research interests include immigration, Meskhetian Turks and their social issues.
Caress Schenk is an Associate Professor of political science at Nazarbayev University (Astana, Kazakhstan) with teaching and research expertise in the politics of immigration and national identity in Eurasia. Her new book, published with the University of Toronto Press, is called Why Control Immigration? Strategic Uses of Migration Management in Russia. Current and previous research has been funded by the American Councils for International Education, Nazarbayev University and the Fulbright Scholar Program and has been published in Demokratizatisya, Europe-Asia Studies, and Nationalities Papers, and in edited volumes published by Edinburgh University Press and Oxford University Press. Dr. Schenk is a member of the Program on New Approaches to Research and Security in Eurasia (PONARS Eurasia).
Anna Sokolova is a Kone Foundation Fellow at the Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies (University of Helsinki). Her previous research was related to Soviet death and funeral culture, which resulted in the book “A New Death for a New Man? Funeral Culture in the Early Soviet Union” (2022, in Russian). Her current project tends to reveal everyday life in timber production workers’ settlement of late Soviet Karelia. |
Soil Taxonomy
Soil Profile
Soil Layers
Usda Soil
Soil Horizon
Soil Carbon
What Is Soil Taxonomy?
Soil taxonomy is the practice of describing, categorizing, and naming soils. Like the taxonomy of living organisms, soil taxonomy is designed to make it easier for people to communicate information about different kinds of soils, how they are used, their properties, and where they are found. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) has developed a complex soil taxonomy system which is widely used, and the organization publishes keys which can be used to identify soils, as well as mediating when disputes about the taxonomy of various soils arise.
Under the USDA's soil taxonomy system, soils are organized into orders, suborders, great groups, subgroups, families, and series, with orders being the broadest category, while series are the smallest. Some examples of the 12 orders in the system include: Gelisols, Oxisols, Vertisols, Aridisols, and Inceptisols.
In soil taxonomy, different types of soils are described, categorized and named.
When soils are taxonomized, their composition is a key feature, but scientists also evaluate their location, and factors like the climate where the soil is found. Features like permafrost can be important to taxonomy, for example, as can extreme dryness or humidity. Soil composition is based on a number of factors, including minerals in the area, decayed organic material, underlying geology, and so forth, and these influences can be quite diverse, with thousands of soil types recognized under the USDA system.
Soil taxonomies deal with composition and location of soils.
A number of functions are served by soil taxonomy. The ability to use taxonomic nomenclature is critical to people when they want to communicate with each other about soils, as rather than using a term like “loose, loamy soil,” they can select the appropriate series using a key, precisely communicating the details of the soil type in a name. This is useful in the preparation of environmental reports and a wide variety of other documents, allowing someone anywhere in the world to immediately understand the soil conditions in a given area when they are described taxonomically.
Soil taxonomy is also important because it creates a framework which people can use to understand soils. The hierarchical organization can be used to examine the relationships between different types of soils, for example, and researchers can use this information to explore geology, agricultural techniques, and a wide variety of other topics. Soil scientists use taxonomy extensively in their work, to do everything from describing the soil in someone's back yard and discussing the implications for gardening to exploring the loss of topsoil as a result of heavy winds, desertification, or flooding.
What does a Taxonomist do?
How do I Become a Taxonomist?
What is Clay Soil?
What is Pedology?
What is Plant Taxonomy?
What is Taxonomy?
What is Binomial Nomenclature?
pleonasm
@umbra21 - There are a lot of little tests you can do to identify what kind of soil you have on your property, but if you are serious about growing things you might have to send samples away to a lab.
This is usually not that expensive and it will give you real results, including levels of soil nitrogen, the soil acidity and so on.
You might also want to ask around your area, or even take a look at the different plants that seem to be growing well. There's no guarantee that you have the exact same soil profile as your neighbors but it's pretty likely.
They will be able to tell you which plants they have had no success with and which ones flourish without any attention at all.
I remember in my geology class they had a couple of field trips where we had to go out and classify different kinds of soil in the landscape around the university. Although true classification needs special equipment, they had us do it like we could at home. Like, if you squish a bit of soil in your fist and it sticks in a tight ball, it contains more clay. The more loosely it sticks the more sand it contains.
You could also tell things from the color of the soil, how gritty it felt between the fingers, what it looked like when a bit of turf was cut away and so on.
Once you know a few of the more simple tests it can help you to identify the soil profile in your backyard and the best plants to grow there.
By: Byelikova Oksana |
Writer/Editor – Ministry of Culture
Dear Hiring Decision Maker:
As someone who’s an active artist and spent many years in writing, editorial work, art education and communications, I believe I am an excellent candidate for the position of Writer/Editor for the Ministry of Culture.
After completing my Education degree at the U of A (major in art) and serving as a writer/production editor for the Students’ Union, Gateway, I joined The University of Calgary as a Communications Officer II. In this position, I worked with university administrators to develop and implement strategic communications plans focusing on students, staff, faculty and the public. As co-editor of the bi-weekly, Gazette, I researched and wrote news and feature articles on the activities in all Faculties. This often required me to present complex concepts to a more general audience and I always sought to do so in an engaging way. My article, New ways to slice the mapping pie, which compares advances in digital mapping to an overloaded pizza, is a perfect example. In addition to profiling new staff members, like Beatrice Medicine, I contributed press releases and helped in the production of materials in support of the Winter Olympics. My art abilities were used through my photography, illustration and design skills.
After almost five years with the U of C, I accepted a position as a Journalism Instructor at Grant MacEwan, where I taught News Photography, Graphic Design, News Laboratory and Media studies.
Moving to Vancouver, I joined Southam Business Communications as Western Editor for Canadian Forest Industries Magazine, providing copy on all aspects of the business including harvesting, safety and milling. I then settled in Nanaimo writing for The Nanaimo Business Examiner and Nanaimo Daily Free Press, among others.
As Marketing Manager for forest equipment manufacturer T-MAR Industries, my duties included building brand awareness; conducting customer surveys; producing advertising copy, brochures and videos; and launching the company’s newsletter, The T-MAR Times. My duties also included designing and overseeing the installation of the company’s booth at the Truck Loggers Convention in Vancouver.
A downturn in the industry led to 10 years overseas teaching in Libya, Mongolia, Saudi Arabia, Norway, the UAE and Japan. In that time, I taught art to students that ranged in age from grade-three to adult using the Irish Leaving Certificate, IGCSE and International Baccalaureate curricula. A highlight of this period was the production of my video application for the position of Traveling Ambassador for Air Transat.
Returning to Canada in 2012, I worked with a web designer to launch my WordPress website and have continually added content featuring my writing, photography, art, music, graphic design and video production. Moving to Prince George in 2013, I completed a major outdoor installation, The Spirit of Prince George, 2015, (2014) for Timberspan Wood Products and also submitted a number proposals for art commissions, including leading a team on a submission to build a Holocaust memorial in Ottawa. I use my blog to promote my belief in a more loving and inclusive world. My Happy Face Series and my carving, TEACH ONLY LOVE, are examples of initiatives supporting that theme.
I have expertise in MS Office (including PowerPoint), Photoshop, Illustrator and a variety of video editing programs.
Since my return to Canada, I’ve worked in a number of fields further diversifying my life and employment background. Particularly relevant work experience would be my years spent as a Licensed Property Manager, where, in addition to handling correspondence for the company owner, I worked with a variety of database systems.
Returning to Edmonton (my birth city) in April 2021, I worked for Edmonton’s Mustard Seed (through Bissell Employment Services) and am currently applying my creative culinary skills in the role of Second Cook for Horizon North at the MEG Energy site near Conklin.
In conclusion, I believe I have the qualifications and competencies to be effective in this role. Accordingly, let me suggest we meet to discuss the contribution I could make to the Ministry of Culture in filling this role. |
Criminal Miscellaneous Application 88 of 2012
Download: PDF DOC DOCX PDF With Metadata Docx With Metadata XML Show Metadata
GODFREY SHIMONYO V REPUBLIC[2012]eKLR
GODFREY SHIMONYO V REPUBLIC
High Court at Kakamega
B. THURANIRA JADEN
GODFREY SHIMONYO ......................................... APPLICANT
REPUBLIC ........................................................ RESPONDENT
R U L I N G
The applicant, GODFREY SHIMONYO was convicted and sentenced to death for the offence of robbery with violence contrary to Section 296 (2) of the Penal Code. The applicant’s appeal to the High Court was dismissed on 23.2.2011.
The applicant subsequently applied for a retrial vide his application dated 18.6.12.
The ground of the application is that re-trial has high chances of success.
Mr. Oroni, the State Counsel opposed the application on the ground that it has not been explained what the new evidence is.
Article 50 (6) of the Constitution provides as follows:-
“A person who is convicted of a criminal offence may petition the High Court for a new trial if -
(a) the person’s appeal, if any, has been dismissed by the highest court to which the person is entitled to appeal, or the person did not appeal within the time allowed for appeal, and
(b)new and compelling evidence has become available.”
The applicant’s appeal has not been dismissed by the highest court to which he is entitled to appeal. If the applicant did not appeal within the time allowed for appeal, he has not demonstrated that his application to appeal out of time has not been successful. There is also no new and compelling evidence that has become available.
In addition to the Constitution, I have considered the Principles to be applied when considering whether or not to order a retrial as re-stated by the Court of Appeal in the case of BERNARD LOLIMO EKIMAT VS R. CA NO.151 OF 2004 (ELDORET).
“There are many decisions on the question of what appropriate case would attract an order of retrial, but on the main the principle that has been acceptable to court is that the case must depend on the particular facts and circumstances of that case but an order for retrial should only be made where interests of justice required it.”
In the instant case, after considering the issues raised by the applicant, I have not seen any procedural irregularities that go to the core of the matter and can be said to have occasioned a miscarriage of justice.
The application has no merits and is dismissed.
Delivered, dated and signed at Kakamega this 19th day of December, 2012
J U D G E
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Frank William Craske
64 Canning Street Launceston Tasmania Australia
Caroline Nash
William Vivian, Harold, Alfred Ernest, Frank Lloyd, Ella & Stanley Seymour
Frank William Craske was born in Colchester, Essex, England, to William Giles Craske and his wife Mary Boulter. It appears that Frank ran away to sea when he was 15 years old. He was a cook and steward on the Leslie in 1867-68 and settled in Tasmania in about 1870, where he was a pioneer of the Bridport and Scottsdale districts. Frank was a shipping agent, harbour master and pilot at Bridport. He built Craske's Jetty which was used to ship tin and gold from the North-East.
After about twenty years in the area he moved to Launceston and joined the office of the Union Steamship Company. He spent some time as the manager for the company in Strahan. After retirement he returned to Launceston and became the honorary secretary to the Mayor's Patriotic Fund.
Frank married Caroline Nash on 29 May 1878. Their first four children were registered in the Ringarooma district between 1879 and 1886 and the two youngest in Launceston in 1890 and 1893. Frank died on 6 Dec 1921 aged 73 and was buried at the Carr Villa Cemetery in the Anglican section B6 No 86. Caroline moved to Hobart and was buried there on 15 Feb 1941 aged 81.
Gus Green & Marion Sargent Nov 2007 & Elizabeth Stuart Feb 2008 |
William Francis Cato
'Carrington' 10 Hillside Crescent Launceston Tasmania Australia
Isabella Elizabeth Lucas
Montagu Frank, Louis Fawkner, Minnie Eleanor & Eva Gertrude
William Francis Cato was born in Hobart on 26 May 1854, a son of Joseph Cato (1821-1884) and his wife Frances Hickman, formerly Hertzman (1823-1908). William married Isabella Lucas on 2 Oct 1878. Their four children were born in Launceston: Montagu in 1881, Louis in 1884, Minnie in 1886 and Eva in 1887. The family attended the Margaret Street Methodist Church where William was a trustee, a member of the choir and a Sunday school teacher. He was also a trustee of the Methodist Ladies' College, a member of the Launceston Benevolent Society and South Launceston Bowls Club. He worked at W Hart & Sons, ironmongers, for 50 years, becoming a partner in 1919. He retired in 1928 and died in Launceston on 2 Sep 1933. Source: Jenny Gill, Engraved in memory.
Marion Sargent Nov 2005 & Richard Cato Oct 2006 |
PHARMACY View Entire Chapter
465.003 Definitions.—As used in this chapter, the term:
(1) “Acute and postacute hospital care at home” means acute and postacute health care services provided in a clinically qualified patient’s permanent residence, as defined in s. 196.012(17), through a program approved by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services and the Agency for Health Care Administration.
(2) “Administration” means the obtaining and giving of a single dose of medicinal drugs by a legally authorized person to a patient for her or his consumption.
(3) “Automated pharmacy system” means a mechanical system that delivers prescription drugs received from a Florida licensed pharmacy and maintains related transaction information.
(4) “Board” means the Board of Pharmacy.
(5) “Central distribution facility” means a facility under common control with a hospital holding a Class III institutional pharmacy permit that may dispense, distribute, compound, or fill prescriptions for medicinal drugs; prepare prepackaged drug products; and conduct other pharmaceutical services.
(6) “Centralized prescription filling” means the filling of a prescription by one pharmacy upon request by another pharmacy to fill or refill the prescription. The term includes the performance by one pharmacy for another pharmacy of other pharmacy duties such as drug utilization review, therapeutic drug utilization review, claims adjudication, and the obtaining of refill authorizations.
(7) “Common control” means the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of a person or an organization, whether by ownership of stock, voting rights, contract, or otherwise.
(8) “Compounded sterile product” means a drug that is intended for parenteral administration, an ophthalmic or oral inhalation drug in aqueous format, or a drug or product that is required to be sterile under federal or state law or rule, which is produced through compounding, but is not approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration.
(9) “Compounding” means combining, mixing, or altering the ingredients of one or more drugs or products to create another drug or product.
(10) “Consultant pharmacist” means a pharmacist licensed by the department and certified as a consultant pharmacist pursuant to s. 465.0125.
(11) “Data communication device” means an electronic device that receives electronic information from one source and transmits or routes it to another, including, but not limited to, any such bridge, router, switch, or gateway.
(12) “Department” means the Department of Health.
(13) “Dispense” means the transfer of possession of one or more doses of a medicinal drug by a pharmacist to the ultimate consumer or her or his agent. As an element of dispensing, the pharmacist shall, prior to the actual physical transfer, interpret and assess the prescription order for potential adverse reactions, interactions, and dosage regimen she or he deems appropriate in the exercise of her or his professional judgment, and the pharmacist shall certify that the medicinal drug called for by the prescription is ready for transfer. The pharmacist shall also provide counseling on proper drug usage, either orally or in writing, if in the exercise of her or his professional judgment counseling is necessary. The actual sales transaction and delivery of such drug shall not be considered dispensing. The administration shall not be considered dispensing.
(14) “Institutional formulary system” means a method whereby the medical staff evaluates, appraises, and selects those medicinal drugs or proprietary preparations which in the medical staff’s clinical judgment are most useful in patient care, and which are available for dispensing by a practicing pharmacist in a Class II or Class III institutional pharmacy.
(15) “Medicinal drugs” or “drugs” means those substances or preparations commonly known as “prescription” or “legend” drugs which are required by federal or state law to be dispensed only on a prescription, but shall not include patents or proprietary preparations as hereafter defined.
(16) “Nuclear pharmacist” means a pharmacist licensed by the department and certified as a nuclear pharmacist pursuant to s. 465.0126.
(17) “Outsourcing facility” means a single physical location registered as an outsourcing facility under the federal Drug Quality and Security Act, Pub. L. No. 113-54, at which sterile compounding of a drug or product is conducted.
(18) “Patent or proprietary preparation” means a medicine in its unbroken, original package which is sold to the public by, or under the authority of, the manufacturer or primary distributor thereof and which is not misbranded under the provisions of the Florida Drug and Cosmetic Act.
(19) “Pharmacist” means any person licensed pursuant to this chapter to practice the profession of pharmacy.
(20)(a) “Pharmacy” includes a community pharmacy, an institutional pharmacy, a nuclear pharmacy, a special pharmacy, and an Internet pharmacy.
1. The term “community pharmacy” includes every location where medicinal drugs are compounded, dispensed, stored, or sold or where prescriptions are filled or dispensed on an outpatient basis.
2. The term “institutional pharmacy” includes every location in a hospital, clinic, nursing home, dispensary, sanitarium, extended care facility, or other facility, hereinafter referred to as “health care institutions,” where medicinal drugs are compounded, dispensed, stored, or sold.
3. The term “nuclear pharmacy” includes every location where radioactive drugs and chemicals within the classification of medicinal drugs are compounded, dispensed, stored, or sold. The term “nuclear pharmacy” does not include hospitals licensed under chapter 395 or the nuclear medicine facilities of such hospitals.
4. The term “special pharmacy” includes every location where medicinal drugs are compounded, dispensed, stored, or sold if such locations are not otherwise defined in this subsection.
5. The term “Internet pharmacy” includes locations not otherwise licensed or issued a permit under this chapter, within or outside this state, which use the Internet to communicate with or obtain information from consumers in this state and use such communication or information to fill or refill prescriptions or to dispense, distribute, or otherwise engage in the practice of pharmacy in this state. Any act described in this definition constitutes the practice of the profession of pharmacy.
(b) The pharmacy department of any permittee shall be considered closed whenever a Florida licensed pharmacist is not present and on duty. The term “not present and on duty” shall not be construed to prevent a pharmacist from exiting the prescription department for the purposes of consulting or responding to inquiries or providing assistance to patients or customers, attending to personal hygiene needs, or performing any other function for which the pharmacist is responsible, provided that such activities are conducted in a manner consistent with the pharmacist’s responsibility to provide pharmacy services.
(21) “Pharmacy intern” means a person who is currently registered in, and attending, a duly accredited college or school of pharmacy, or who is a graduate of such a school or college of pharmacy, and who is duly and properly registered with the department as provided for under its rules.
(22) “Practice of the profession of pharmacy” includes compounding, dispensing, and consulting concerning contents, therapeutic values, and uses of any medicinal drug; consulting concerning therapeutic values and interactions of patent or proprietary preparations, whether pursuant to prescriptions or in the absence and entirely independent of such prescriptions or orders; and conducting other pharmaceutical services. For purposes of this subsection, the term “other pharmaceutical services” means monitoring the patient’s drug therapy and assisting the patient in the management of his or her drug therapy, and includes reviewing, and making recommendations regarding, the patient’s drug therapy and health care status in communication with the patient’s prescribing health care provider as licensed under chapter 458, chapter 459, chapter 461, or chapter 466, or a similar statutory provision in another jurisdiction, or such provider’s agent or such other persons as specifically authorized by the patient; and initiating, modifying, or discontinuing drug therapy for a chronic health condition under a collaborative pharmacy practice agreement. This subsection may not be interpreted to permit an alteration of a prescriber’s directions, the diagnosis or treatment of any disease, the initiation of any drug therapy, the practice of medicine, or the practice of osteopathic medicine, unless otherwise permitted by law or specifically authorized by s. 465.1865 or s. 465.1895. The term “practice of the profession of pharmacy” also includes any other act, service, operation, research, or transaction incidental to, or forming a part of, any of the foregoing acts, requiring, involving, or employing the science or art of any branch of the pharmaceutical profession, study, or training, and shall expressly permit a pharmacist to transmit information from persons authorized to prescribe medicinal drugs to their patients. The practice of the profession of pharmacy also includes the administration of vaccines to adults pursuant to s. 465.189; the testing or screening for and treatment of minor, nonchronic health conditions pursuant to s. 465.1895; and the preparation of prepackaged drug products in facilities holding Class III institutional pharmacy permits. The term also includes the ordering and evaluating of any laboratory or clinical testing; conducting patient assessments; and modifying, discontinuing, or administering medicinal drugs pursuant to s. 465.0125 by a consultant pharmacist.
(23) “Prescription” includes any order for drugs or medicinal supplies written or transmitted by any means of communication by a duly licensed practitioner authorized by the laws of the state to prescribe such drugs or medicinal supplies and intended to be dispensed by a pharmacist. The term also includes an orally transmitted order by the lawfully designated agent of such practitioner. The term also includes an order written or transmitted by a practitioner licensed to practice in a jurisdiction other than this state, but only if the pharmacist called upon to dispense such order determines, in the exercise of her or his professional judgment, that the order is valid and necessary for the treatment of a chronic or recurrent illness. The term “prescription” also includes a pharmacist’s order for a product selected from the formulary created pursuant to s. 465.186. Prescriptions may be retained in written form or the pharmacist may cause them to be recorded in a data processing system, provided that such order can be produced in printed form upon lawful request.
History.—ss. 1, 7, ch. 79-226; s. 322, ch. 81-259; ss. 14, 15, ch. 81-302; ss. 2, 3, ch. 81-318; ss. 1, 2, ch. 82-179; s. 1, ch. 83-101; s. 36, ch. 83-216; s. 3, ch. 83-265; s. 29, ch. 83-329; s. 1, ch. 85-35; ss. 2, 26, 27, ch. 86-256; s. 1, ch. 88-172; s. 1, ch. 89-77; s. 59, ch. 91-137; s. 6, ch. 91-156; s. 4, ch. 91-429; s. 123, ch. 94-218; s. 239, ch. 97-103; s. 87, ch. 97-264; s. 118, ch. 99-397; s. 1, ch. 2002-182; s. 1, ch. 2004-25; s. 1, ch. 2004-387; s. 2, ch. 2007-152; s. 2, ch. 2012-60; s. 1, ch. 2014-148; s. 1, ch. 2018-95; s. 2, ch. 2020-7; s. 1, ch. 2020-8; s. 3, ch. 2022-35. |
Building Confidence With Dental Beauty
My name is a Danielle Travis, and as a child I sucked my thumb, refused to drink milk, and spent many hours sucking on hard candies. I formed my first cavity at age five and my dental enamel was always sensitive to hot and cold foods. As an adult, I worked diligently with my dentist to regain my oral health. I also became a nutritionist and I soon found that my beautiful, white, straight, and healthy teeth made me feel more beautiful and confident when working with clients. I started this blog to inform you how to keep your teeth and your child's teeth as beautiful as possible. The teeth show the inspiration of your smile, and a strong grin is instrumental to a positive self image. Read on to learn about good oral health and how you can build your own and your child's self esteem through dental beauty.
8 Tips For Healthy Teeth And Gums
Your oral health is important and affects your ove …
3 Things You Should Know About Dental Implants
You might already have dentures or you might have …
Top 4 Ways To Extend The Lifespan Of Your Dental Crowns
Dental crowns have a long average lifespan. The ty …
4 Signs You Should Consider Dental Implants
A dental implant is a more permanent solution to t …
How To Extend The Lifespan Of Dental Crowns After A Dentist Puts Them In
If you have weak or damaged teeth, one of the best …
Don't Let Surgical Anxiety Stop You From Considering Dental Implants
One of the reasons that some people are a bit hesitant to consider dental implants is simply because the process of getting these implants is technically classified as dental surgery. While it is understandable that many people wish to avoid surgical procedures when possible, the fact is that this procedure is not nearly as invasive as the word surgery may suggest. In fact, once you take the time to really review the steps involved in getting dental implants, you will likely find that it is well worth the benefits that implants are able to provide.
The first part of the implant process is really non-invasive. This step simply involves your dentist taking both x-rays and molds of your mouth. The x-rays allow the dentist to ensure your jawbone has the required strength and thickness to support an implant. The molds provide the dentist with the information they need to have a dental crown fashioned that perfectly mimics the size and shape of your natural teeth. If you are replacing an already missing tooth, this will be the extent of your first visit to the dentist. If you are replacing a damaged or decayed tooth, your dentist may also wish to extract the tooth during this visit in order to allow for some healing time prior to moving on to the next step. While you may experience a bit of discomfort after an extraction, the pain is typically quite manageable with over-the-counter medications.
The Day Of Surgery
This is the part of the process that is often a source of anxiety for people. However, there truly is no reason to be concerned. This step of the process will be completed at your dentist's office, and you will be able to go home almost immediately after the process is completed. In most cases, a general anesthetic will be used to ensure you don't experience any discomfort.
While you are under anesthesia, your dentist will make a small incision in the gum in order to allow them access to your jawbone. The metal implant will be placed in a small hole inside the jawbone, and the incision will then be closed using a few stitches. If you are worried about going without a tooth until the final step of the process, you will be supplied with a temporary denture at this time. Once the anesthesia wears off enough for you to safely stand, you will be able to leave. However, it is important to note that you will need someone to drive you home due to the use of general anesthesia.
The Finishing Touch
This final step in the process will typically take place a few weeks after your surgery to ensure that your jawbone has had plenty of time to heal. At this point in the process, all of the hard work has already been done. Your dentist will take another set of x-rays to make sure that the bone has healed around the implant. As long as ample healing has taken place, your new crown will be fitted onto your implant, and you will be free to share your beautiful new smile with the world. In the event more healing time is required, your dentist will simply have you return to their office in a few more weeks in order to attach your crown.
Contact a clinic like Parkview Dental to learn more. |
« See all of Pistol Day Parade's Songs
PlayHigh
by Pistol Day Parade
"High" is based on the real life scenario of what can happen if Daddy's little girl isn't given enough attention and falls into the open arms of addiction!
Uploaded: March 4, 2008
Comments for High
It's nice to have music that not only sounds great but has a message. Keep up the amazing work guys!!!
by pistol day's girlfriend on October 4, 2009 at 11:04 PM EDT
I agree with little sister. She had me listen and I'm hooked on the sound as well as the words.Keep rocking man -This beat will go far.
by littlesister on April 27, 2008 at 1:21 PM EDT
You guys are the greatest, Love This Son!You should be on raadi
Awesome song. The guitar is bad ass!!!
by clint26 on March 30, 2008 at 6:57 PM EDT
I am so happy for you guys. This rocks. You guys are the best. I can't wait to see you on the 4th. Keep F-ing Rock'n!
by christelc727 on March 29, 2008 at 10:37 AM EDT
This song is #1 in my book
by RaisinRiverSoap on March 28, 2008 at 9:50 PM EDT
This song F@*%ing Rocks!
by lovenhaterocknroll on March 28, 2008 at 2:19 AM EDT
Great stuff guys, there's nothing like it out there.
by CharlieVegas on March 28, 2008 at 1:09 AM EDT
cant wait to here this song live.
by SNemcok on March 27, 2008 at 10:23 PM EDT
Why aren't you guys on the radio?
by DaCarSalesman on March 27, 2008 at 9:17 PM EDT
Pistol Day Parade
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Ticket Order Line
To order your tickets on-line at a price of £14 each for Adults and £5 for Under 16s please click here.
Tickets purchased before 27th November 2021 are available at the reduced price of £12 each for adults and £3 each for under 16s. |
Mirage Mirror and Glass is the #1, best custom design mirrors, glass and shower doors company in Westchester County, NY. With over 60 years’ experience, we’re known for our exceptional workmanship and unprecedented dedication to customer care. This, along with our cutting-edge fabrication facility and modern showroom, makes us the top qualified and respected fabricators servicing Westchester and Fairfield counties. Mirage Mirror and Glass is also one of the only custom etching and glass carvings specialists in the area. That’s why we deliver distinct, elegant and innovative design solutions for both homes and businesses, big and small.
John CountPresident and Operator
John started his career as a Glazier at age five when his father and mentor Rocco first taught him how to cut glass. After that, he honed his skills working for his father’s company Simco Plate Glass for many years. John’s passion for his craft led him to start his own company, Mirage Mirror and Glass which has been open for more than 30 years. And, because of John’s extensive knowledge and expertise in the glass industry, Mirage Mirror and Glass is one of the leading and most innovating glass companies in the tri-state area.
Rocco CountMaster Glazier
Starting in the glass industry at age 17, Rocco has become one of the most recognized Glaziers in Westchester County. With over 60 years of glazing experience, he’s accomplished much of what others in the industry have yet to see, and he can achieve most anything when it comes to glasswork. After years of owning a successful glass business, Simco Plate Glass, he began to work with his oldest son John at Mirage Mirror and Glass. At 84, he’s a true artisan and master glazier, and his devotion to this business motivates him to continue working every day.
Brandon CountVice President
While growing up, Brandon spent all his summers working in the family business learning a trade that had already been in his family for two generations. After graduating college in 2009 with a Bachelors degree in Art/Graphic Design, Brandon started working for the family business full time. With a keen eye for design, Brandon’s artistic background brings added insight, creativity and value to the business that now extends to three generations. And being part of the younger generation, he understands today’s new, modern design trends.
Deborah CountFinancial Officer
John’s wife, Deborah, has been Mirage Mirror and Glass’ right hand woman from the start. In fact, the company name originated with her. She knows the ins and outs of how the business runs. And with the utmost knowledge of the company finances, she’s the backbone of the business and ensures that it continues to run smoothly and efficiently on a daily basis.
Marianne FaiellaCreative Coordinator
Along with being our head showroom salesperson, Marianne helps coordinate most of Mirage Mirror and Glass’ creative aspects, such as custom photography of finished projects, social media, blog posts and more. Her outstanding customer service skills when working directly and personally with clients ensures that their vision is reflected in the final product.
Stephen ConteShop Manager
After graduating high school, Stephen took a job with Mirage Mirror and Glass. He’s proven to be a critical part of the team. Using the wisdom and expertise that John instilled in him, he now executes a significant portion of the sales, inventory and fabrication. He’s not only limited to our fabrication facility, but is also highly-trained in measurements and installations.
Complimentary Design Consultation!
See your vision reflected in our work. Contact us today for a COMPLIMENTARY design consultation. |
Buying an investment property can be a great opportunity.
Whether it be a house, cottage, farm, condo, or plot of land, buying real estate is traditionally a sound and profitable investment, offering both rental income and capital gains.
However, investment property ownership isn't for everyone. Along with the potential benefits come potential concerns; from legal to financial, so it's a sound idea to consult a financial advisor, a lawyer and an accountant prior to considering an investment property purchase.
Because investment property mortgages are subject to specific governmental requirements, mortgages are constantly changing. It's a good idea to consult with a Mortgage Centre specialist that brings experience and training to the table, helping you make an informed decision about your investment property mortgage options.
Discuss your needs with a local Mortgage Centre specialist today. |
Doomsday, a Great Action Flick
posted Aug 1, 2008, 6:35 PM by Vu Nguyen [ updated Aug 1, 2008, 11:15 PM ]
I tried watching the John Woo produced film, Blood Brothers, and couldn't bring myself to watching it. I started the film last night, and about 45 minutes into the film, it just felt too cliche (and boring) that I thought I could put it off until today. I put the film in and tried again, wow, seriously wasn't paying attention to the movie at all. I suppose the film didn't grab my interest at all.
Instead, I'm re-watching Doomsday, a British film, I think. The star of the film is a Kate Beckingsale-look-a-like, called Rhona Mitra, who was absolutely gorgeous in leather. The futuristic film is about how they isolated Glasgow in a containment zone because of a Doomsday virus. Since there are no law enforcements, etc., Glasgow suddenly turned to a Mad Max-type of world.
Mitra, as easy-on-the-eye (and I mean "eye") as she is, it's hard for me to believe this little girl can fight, but I think she manage to pull it off. There are moments of disbelief, but you just have remember that it's just an outrageous movie.
There are extreme scenes of bloody gore (smash hands, exploding bunnies, gunshot to the head at extreme closeeup), which at time, looks incredibly cheesy, but it looks awesome just the same.
There is a "Fine Young Cannibal" inside joke if you can bring yourself to watching at least the first act of the film.... You would think this film tries really hard to be "Mad Max" or "28 Weeks Later", but those are great films to try and emulate. It just doesn't feel like an original film, but I reckon you would enjoy the film if, or if you have not, seen those other films.
I only rented the DVD, but would consider actually buying the bluray disc if prices were reasonable. |
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