Patent Document

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED PATENT APPLICATION  
       [0001]    This application is a continuation-in-part application of Ser. No. 09/429,990, filed on Oct. 29, 1999;(Docket END999027). 
     
    
     
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0002]    1. Field of the Invention  
           [0003]    The invention pertains to the modeling and estimating of substrate characteristics in preferably multi-layer chip carrier designs. More particularly, the invention is directed to physical modeling of electronic modules, including the interconnection of chip and chip carriers, such as the count calculation of chip carrier layers in order to optimize chip carrier designs by employing surface laminar circuitry (SLC) or buildup technology; and quantifies the number of redistribution layers of the chip carriers.  
           [0004]    2. Discussion of the Prior Art  
           [0005]    In essence, several methods are available in the technology for modeling chip and chip carrier interconnection layouts.  
           [0006]    One approach is to review a data base of all previously designed modules, and select the one with matching fundamental parameters, such as die size, carrier size, and the number of chip inputs/outputs. However, a problem existent with this approach resides in the difficulty of identifying and dealing with all of the above-mentioned parameters which are required to attain the intended goals. Another approach is to build the design from the start; this being a time consuming process that often results in the necessity for discarding the design as the parameters change due to new requirements and/or design objectives.  
           [0007]    A further approach would be to initially prepare a layout or sketch of the die showing the die pad positions required by a customer and then to laminate manually. The problem with this approach again resides in the level of skill and experience required in effecting the foregoing, and the difficulty in identifying and dealing with all of the parameters required, and the difficulty in visually expressing and modifying the design as may be necessary in order to meet all conditions.  
           [0008]    There is, consequently, a need in the technology for a method and system providing for a quick and visual representation of a complicated module design which takes into account all relevant parameters. This is needed for early modeling of a more complex process and essentially useful for the early design and quick modeling of chip carriers, such as plastic ball grid array (PBGA), flip chip, or wirebond chip carriers.  
           [0009]    As disclosed in the parent application, Ser. No. 09/429,990, an object is to provide an improved system and method for simulating and graphically assessing the cost and feasibility of general and specific wiring design cases. Another purpose is to provide a system and method for simulating general and specific wiring design cases and quickly assess the simulated design graphically. Moreover, provision is made for a system and method for assessing a simulated wiring design with respect to crossing, choking, signal runs, wiring channels and input/output; and for transmitting simulated design graphical data to a wiring design tool.  
           [0010]    In accordance with the foregoing, pursuant to the disclosure of the parent application, a system and method is provided for modeling and estimating substrate characteristics preliminary to preparing a detailed design. Input parameters include die size and substrate size and, optionally, a netlist of interconnections between the die and substrate. Responsive to these input parameters, a representation of an optimized estimated fanout of the interconnections is graphically presented together with a set of substrate parameters derived from the optimized estimated fanout. In that connection, a computer program product is configured to be operable to graphically model an optimized fanout of die to substrate interconnections.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0011]    In essence, as a further improvement over the parent application, which relates to a chip carrier design simulation, estimator, and an early design for providing a system for quickly modeling and estimating substrate characteristic including optimized single layer fanout, substrate parameters such as size, wiring rules and I/O layout, the present invention provides a tool which is a system or method for electrically estimating multilayer substrates for various chip carrier designs as set forth herein.  
           [0012]    Basically, the problem which is solved by the present invention with regard to a chip carrier layer count calculation resides in that an accurate and fast estimate for various customer die designs is provided in that the customer provides a die showing die pad position, and a further request as to the physical size of the package, the package I/O, the design rules, the number of layers and ultimately the cost.  
           [0013]    For that purpose, the inventive concept is grounded in providing a subroutine as part of the overall program generally referred to as buildup technology or SLC (surface laminar circuitry). Thus, given the specified input parameters, the invention provides a program determinative of the number of signal distribution layers required to access module I/O bumps (BGA&#39;s). 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0014]    Other features and advantages of this invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of the preferred embodiment of the invention, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings; in which:  
         [0015]    [0015]FIG. 1 is a high level flow diagram of the method in accordance with the parent application for early design and modeling of an electronic module;  
         [0016]    FIGS.  2 A- 2 C, arranged as shown in FIG. 2, represent an output display in accordance with the method of FIG. 1;  
         [0017]    [0017]FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the upper right corner of the display of FIG. 2B;  
         [0018]    [0018]FIG. 4 is, in mirror image, an enlarged view of chip pads shown in FIG. 2B;  
         [0019]    [0019]FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of a section of FIG. 2B illustrating cross over;  
         [0020]    [0020]FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 2B illustrating chip attach region labeling in accordance with the invention;  
         [0021]    [0021]FIGS. 7 and 8 are two views of a ball grid array (BGA) connection system;  
         [0022]    [0022]FIG. 9 illustrates a wire bond attachment system;  
         [0023]    [0023]FIG. 10 illustrates a flip chip attachment system;  
         [0024]    FIGS.  11 A- 11 C, arranged as shown in FIG. 11, are a flow diagram of the method steps of the invention; and  
         [0025]    FIGS.  12 A- 12 D illustrate, respectively, output wiring displays in accordance with the inventive method. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0026]    As detailed hereinbelow with reference to FIGS. 1 through 11C, the description is a reiteration of the method and system described and claimed in parent patent application Ser. No. 09/429,990.  
         [0027]    Referring to FIG. 1, input parameters  100  are received and input to code module  102  running in a main frame or PC using REXX language and/or Windows type interfaces. The output of code module  102  includes script file  118  and graphical file  106 , centroid file  108 , and wireability files  110 , including summary file  112 , crossing file  114 , wireable text file  116 , and (SLC) or buildup layer count file, as described hereinbelow in specific detail.  
         [0028]    Graphical file  106  includes and when printed or displayed provides, as is illustrated in FIG. 2, an annotated graphical drawing of the module design, including graphical layout display  133  showing the point to point connections between die or chip pads  120  to ball grid array (BGA) pads  122 . The annotations include alpha numeric pad row and column identifiers  124 ,  126 , BGA pad designations  128 , chip pad designations  130 , chip input parameters  132 , and chip carrier, substrate or parameters  134 . These are shown enlarged in FIGS. 3 and 4.  
         [0029]    Centroid file  108  includes die pad number, chip pad name, X-Y position of chip pad center, quadrant, BGA alpha-numeric designation (when applicable), X-Y position of BGA pad center, and chip pad to BGA pad line slope. (An example of centroid file  108  is shown in Table 2.) The slope column indicates the slope of the line described by the direct line from chip pad to BGA pad, and is tracked for closest slope routing. Also, in the north and south quadrants the slope is defined as x/y whereas in the east and west quadrants it is the traditional y/x. This is done inasmuch as direct north y/x explodes into the undefined value 1/0. The crossing column indicates how many lines cross a particular line.  
         [0030]    [0030]FIGS. 9 and 10 illustrate the interconnect configuration for flip chip, and FIGS. 7 and 8 illustrate the interconnect configuration for wire bond. Flip chip interconnection includes chip attach pad  190 , wire  192 , top via land  194 , via  196 , bottom via land  198 , dogbone  200 , and bga pad  202 , on substrate  204 .  
         [0031]    [0031]FIG. 8 illustrates a wiring configuration with wire bond fingers. Interconnection is from die pad  206 , to wirebond  208 , to wire bond finger  210 , to wire  212 , to top via land  194 .  
         [0032]    Referring to FIG. 11 in connection with Table 1, the processes executed by code  102  are set forth pseudo code.  
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               TABLE 1                       CODE                                STEP 210: Set Analyses/Output/Chip and Package IO Basis                Graphical Script                Physical           Mechanical                Text Files                BGAXY           Drill Data           RFS           Quadrant Analysis           Quadrant Crossing           SLC Layer Count (described hereinbelow)           Specify # IO or Pitch           Chip           Package            STEP 212: Set Variables                Case A,B,C                Case ‘A’ = Random Die, Random Netlist           Case ‘B’ = Specified Die, Random Netlist           Case ‘C’ = Specified Die, Specified Netlist                Set Technology                Flip Chip           Wirebond Laminate Technology = SLC or STD                Define Chip Parameters           Define Package Parameters                Circuitization rules           Package General Parameters           Package Thermals            STEP 214: Jedec Full Matrix Determination given Package       Size/EGA pitch/Tight or Loose                Find Matrix Polarity           Quadrant Dividing Slope           Depopulation Determination           Per Module IO Set or Outer Row Set           Define Alphas for Row Number            STEP 216: Create Die (Case A)                Flip Chip                Define Matrix Per IO or Chip Pitch           Determine Polarity of Matrix           Construct the Die Centroid String (#, X,Y,           Quadrant)           Assign Ground/Voltage and Signals Randomly per           Set PCT (#, Name, X, Y, Quadrant)           Calculate Composition Ratios (Signals and G/V&#39;s),           #Signals, #Grounds, #Vlt per side                Wirebond                Define Pads per Side or Chip Pitch           Construct the Die Centroid String (#, X,Y,           Quadrant)           Assign Ground/Voltage and Signals Randomly per           Set PCT (#,Name, X, Y, Quadrant)           Calculate Composition Ratios (Signals and G/VTs),           #Signals, #Grounds, #Voltages side            STEP 218: Create Centroid String for Die (Case B)                Input Die Centroid Data           Assign a Quadrant           Sort in Sequential Order/CCW Feed           Determine Minimum Chip Pitch and Kerf           Calculate Composition Ratios (Signals and G/V&#39;s),           #Signals, #Grounds, #Voltages on perside            STEP 220: Create Centroid String for Die and BGA (Case C)                Input Die and Netlist                Assign a Quadrant           Calculate Composition Ratios (Signals and G/V&#39;s),           #Signals, #Grounds, #Voltages on perside            STEP 222: Create BGA Matrix                Find X,Y, Slope, Side (Assign Border BGA&#39;s to           Quadrants Evenly)           Determine Alphanumeric per Matrix and Cavity/Dieup           Centroid BGA Dataset (X,Y, Slope from 0,0, Side,           Alphanumeric)           Punch Out Depops           Separate into separate matrices by Quadrant           Assign Type (Ground, Voltage, and Signals) for each            BGA       STEP 224: Chip to EGA Routing                Case A and Case B Routing                Separate Chip Centroid into matrices by Quadrant           Closest Slope Search Routine           Output String (#, Name, Chipx, Chipy, Side,           Alphanumeric, BGAx, BGAy, Slope)                Case C Routing                Calculate Row, Column Position from Alphanumeric           Add Slope to String            STEP 226: Quadrant Analysis Routine                Calculate Runs           Calculate Power Levels and Quadrant Location           Calculate Number of WB Fingers Needed           Print to a File            STEP 229: Buildup or SLC Layer Count Analysis (described       hereinbelow)       STEP 228: Crossing Factor Analysis                Take each Routing and count the number of times it is           crossed by another line within Quadrant           Use Cramer&#39;s Rule to solve two equation/two           unknowns.           Append Centroid String to include Crossing Count           Rank in Descending Order           Print to a File            STEP 230: Summary (RFS) Analysis                Calculate Line Width/Space for 1 thru 8 LPC on BGA           side           Calculate Line Width/Space for 1 thru 8 LPC on Die Up           Side           Match Wiring Rules to above           Calculate Distance Left for Fingers plus Fanout for           Dieup and Cavity           Calculate Choke Factor which is fanout space/Wiring           Pitch(12)           Gold Area Calculation (10)                Set Goldcost, Nickel Cost, and thickness           Ground Ring Area + Voltage Ring Area + Finger Area           Full Gold Via Area on Cavity (Lands + Inner Walls);           estimate Via Count           Flower Pad Calculation           Selective Gold Via Area on Die UP (Lands + Inner           Walls); estimate Via Count           BGA Area           Stiffener Area           Cavity Wall           Wiring Area Front and Back           Gold Runner                Summation of Total Gold for Die Up           Summation of Total Gold for Cavity           Complexity Factor                Die Area/Signal Count . . . Die Escape Factor           Die Area/ChipIO . . . Chip Density Factor           Laminate Area/Signal Count . . . BGA Escape           Factor                Flatness Calculation                Drill Count Calculation                Print All to Summary File plus Key Input Parameters            STEP 232: Autocad Scrip Generation                Construct All Layers           Define Laminate Coordinates for Top View and Side View           Define Die Coordinates for Top View and Side View           Draw Chamfer           If Mechanical Document Package                Side View of Laminate           Side View of Die           Top View of Lid           Side View of BGA Ball           Side View of C4 Balls           Spacing between Plan View and Side View           Draw Side View and Move it over           Draw Top View of Lid                If Physical                Draw Multi Vertice RATS(13)           Draw BGA, Procoat, Middle of Bone and Holes           (Print Holes to File too)           Set on a 45 Degree Angle According to           Octant           Draw Flower Pad Construction Circles           Draw Voltage and Ground Plane Outlines           Draw Ground Ring and Voltage Ring(s)                Draw Chip Pads and Chip Text           Draw BGA Alphanumerics on 4 sides           Draw Aphanumerics on BGA Balls Themselves.           Print Out Chip Parameters to the Left of           Drawing and Substrate Parameters to rt.           Print to an Autocad File            STEP 234: Print out Drill Data       STEP 326: Print out BGAXY Data       STEP 238: Run Autocad Script File from Autocad.                  
 
         [0033]    Referring to Tables 2 and 3, a “rat” is a colloquial term meaning an unedited straight line that emanates from the center of a die pad to a ball grid array (BGA) pad, or analogous connections on a mother board. It is then manipulated by moving within a layer and/or placing part of the path on other layers of the package. In the examples of Tables 2 and 3, the centroid data of a die has been created and routed out to the center of a BGA pad, either by a customer definition (case C) or by creation within the program (case A).  
                                                 TABLE 2                           CENTROID FILE            No.   ID   CHIPX   CHIPY   SIDE   ALPHA   BGAX   BGAY               1   VSS   4890   −4688   East                   2   Signal   4890   −4563   East P8   4445   −3175       3   VDD   4890   −4438   East       4   Signal   4890   −4313   East V3   9525   −9525       5   VDD   4890   −4188   East       6   Signal   4890   −4068   East Y1   12065   −12065       7   Signal   4890   −3938   East   W3   10795   −9525       8   Signal   4890   −3813   East   U5   8255   −6985                  
 
         [0034]    In Tables 2 and 3, the numbering (No.) convention is counterclockwise. Identifier (ID) represents the name assigned. Typically, but not in the examples of Tables 1 and 2, signals are given unique names, such as Signal 1 , Signal 2 , etc.  
         [0035]    CHIPX is the X dimension to the center of die with reference to the center of the package (0,0). CHIPY is the Y dimension to the center of die with reference to the center of the package (0,0). SIDE is the quadrant (north, south, east or west) to which the die belongs. ALPHA is the alphanumeric position of the ball grid array (BGA) pad as defined by the Jedec Standard. BGAX is the X dimension to the center of the BGA pad with reference to the center of the package (0,0). BGAY is the Y dimension to the center of the BGA pad with reference to the center of the package (0,0).  
         [0036]    Table 3 is the centroid file  108  for the example illustrated in FIG. 2A.  
                                                                                                   TABLE 3                           CENTROID FILE            #   ID   CHIPX   CHIPY   SIDE   ALPHA   BGAX   BGAY   SLOPE   CROSS                    1   Signal   3890   −3688   East   E22   10795   −10795   −1.029   0       2   Signal   3890   −3563   East   C24   13335   −13335   −1.035   0       3   Signal   3890   −3438   East   A26   15875   −15875   −1.038   0       4   Signal   3890   −3313   East   B26   15875   −14605   −0.942   0       5   Signal   3890   −3188   East   D24   13335   −12065   −0.940   0       6   Signal   3890   −3063   East   F22   10795   −9525   −0.936   0       7   VDD   3890   −2938   East       8   Signal   3890   −2813   East   E24   13335   −10795   −0.845   0       9   Signal   3890   −2688   East   F23   12065   −9525   −0.836   0       10   Signal   3890   −2563   East   E25   14605   −10795   −0.768   0       11   Signal   3890   −2438   East   H22   10795   −6985   −0.659   0       12   Signal   3890   −2313   East   F26   15875   −9525   −0.602   0       13   Signal   3890   −2188   East   G26   15875   −8255   −0.506   0       14   Signal   3890   −2063   East   H25   14605   −6985   −0.459   0       15   VSS   3890   −1938   East       16   VSS   3890   −1813   East       17   Signal   3890   −1688   East   J23   12065   −5715   −0.493   0       18   Signal   3890   −1563   East   H26   15875   −6985   −0.452   0       19   Signal   3890   −1438   East   J26   15875   −5715   0.357   0       20   Signal   3890   −1313   East   K25   14605   −4445   −0.292   0       21   Signal   3890   −1188   East   L22   10795   −3175   −0.288   0       22   Signal   3890   −1063   East   L25   14605   −3175   −0.197   0       23   Signal   3890   −938   East   M24   13335   −1905   −0.102   0       24   Signal   3890   −813   East   N24   13335   −635   0.019   0       25   Signal   3890   −688   East   N23   12065   −635   0.006   0       26   VSS   3890   −563   East       27   Signal   3890   −438   East   P24   13335   635   0.114   0       28   Signal   3890   −313   East   P23   12065   635   0.116   0       29   Signal   3890   −188   East   P22   10795   635   0.119   0       30   Signal   3890   −63   East   R25   14605   1905   0.184   0       31   Signal   3890   63   East   R23   12065   1905   0.225   0       32   Signal   3890   188   East   T26   15875   3175   0.249   0       33   Signal   3890   313   East   T25   14605   3175   0.267   0       34   Signal   3890   438   East   T24   13335   3175   0.290   0       35   Signal   3890   563   East   U26   15875   4445   0.324   0       36   Signal   3890   688   East   T22   10795   3175   0.360   0       37   Signal   3890   813   East   V25   14605   5715   0.457   0       38   Signal   3890   938   East   W26   15875   6985   0.505   0       39   Signal   3890   1063   East   U22   10795   4445   0.490   0       40   Signal   3890   1188   East   W25   14605   6985   0.541   0       41   Signal   3890   1313   East   Y26   15875   8255   0.579   0       42   Signal   3890   1438   East   V22   10795   5715   0.619   0       43   Signal   3890   1563   East   W23   12065   6985   0.663   0       44   Signal   3890   1688   East   AA26   15875   9525   0.654   0       45   Signal   3890   1813   East   Y24   13335   8255   0.682   0       46   Signal   3890   1938   East   AA2S   14605   9525   0.708   0       47   VSS   3890   2063   East       48   Signal   3890   2188   East   W22   10795   6985   0.695   0       49   Signal   3890   2313   East   AB26   15875   10795   0.708   0       50   VSS   3890   2438   East       51   VDD   3890   2563   East       52   Signal   3890   2688   East   Y23   12065   8255   0.681   0       53   Signal   3890   2813   East   AB25   14605   10795   0.745   0       54   VSS   3890   2938   East       55   Signal   3890   3063   East   AC26   15875   12065   0.751   0       56   Signal   3890   3188   East   AC25   14605   12065   0.828   0       57   Signal   3890   3313   East   AD26   15875   13335   0.836   0       58   Signal   3890   3438   East   AB23   12065   10795   0.900   0       59   Signal   3890   3563   East   AC24   13335   12065   0.900   0       60   Signal   3890   3688   East   AE26   15875   14605   0.911   0       61   Signal   3688   3890   North   AC20   8255   12065   1.790   1       62   Signal   3563   3890   North   AF22   10795   15875   1.657   1       63   Signal   3438   3890   North   AE22   10795   14605   1.456   1       64   Signal   3313   3890   North   AB20   8255   10795   1.397   1       65   VSS   3188   3890   North       66   Signal   3063   3890   North   AF23   12065   15875   1.331   2       67   Signal   2938   3890   North   AE19   6985   14605   2.648   5       68   VDD   2813   3890   North       69   Signal   2688   3890   North   AE23   12065   14605   1.143   1       70   Signal   2563   3890   North   AF24   13335   15875   1.113   1       71   Signal   2438   3890   North   AF2S   14605   15875   0.985   4       72   Signal   2313   3890   North   AB24   13335   14605   0.972   4       73   VDD   2188   3890   North       74   VSS   2063   3890   North       75   Signal   1938   3890   North   AD23   12065   13335   0.933   4       76   VDD   1813   3890   North       77   Signal   1688   3890   North   AB21   9525   10795   0.881   4       78   Signal   1563   3890   North   AF26   15875   15875   0.837   4       79   Signal   1438   3890   North   AD17   4445   13335   3.141   8       80   Signal   1313   3890   North   AD24   13335   13335   0.786   4       81   VDD   1188   3890   North       82   Signal   1063   3890   North   AB16   3175   10795   3.269   7       83   Signal   938   3890   North   AB22   10795   10795   0.701   3       84   Signal   813   3890   North   AC16   3175   12065   3.461   8       85   Signal   688   3890   North   AB7   −8255   10795   −0.772   5       86   Signal   563   3890   North   AF16   3175   15875   4.588   10       87   Signal   438   3890   North   AF2   −14605   15875   −0.797   4       88   Signal   313   3890   North   AD5   −10795   13335   −0.850   4       89   Signal   188   3890   North   AE4   −12065   14605   −0.874   4       90   Signal   63   3890   North   AF3   −13335   15875   −0.895   4       91   Signal   63   3890   North   AB8   −6985   10795   −0.998   4       92   Signal   −188   3890   North   AF4   −12065   15875   −1.009   4       93   Signal   −313   3890   North   AE5   −10795   14605   −1.022   4       94   Signal   −438   3890   North   AD6   −9525   13335   −1.039   5       95   Signal   −563   3890   North   AP15   1905   15875   4.856   11       96   Signal   −688   3890   North   AC7   −8255   12065   −1.080   4       97   Signal   −813   3890   North   AD7   −8255   13335   −1.269   4       98   VSS   −938   3890   North       99   Signal   −1063   3890   North   AF6   −9525   15875   −1.416   4       100   Signal   −1188   3890   North   AD14   635   13335   5.181   12       101   Signal   −1313   3890   North   AE14   635   14605   5.501   12       102   Signal   −1438   3890   North   AE7   −8255   14605   −1.572   2       103   Signal   −1563   3890   North   AF14   635   15875   5.453   13       104   Signal   −1688   3890   North   AD8   −6985   13335   −1.783   3       105   Signal   −1813   3890   North   AF7   −8255   15875   −1.860   4       106   Signal   −1938   3890   North   AC9   −5715   12065   −2.164   4       107   Signal   −2063   3890   North   AC13   635   12065   5.725   8       108   Signal   −2188   3890   North   AB10   −4445   10795   −3.059   3       109   Signal   −2313   3890   North   AF9   −5715   15875   −3.523   3       110   Signal   −2438   3890   North   AC10   −4445   12065   −4.073   3       111   Signal   −2563   3890   North   AD10   −4445   13335   −5.019   3       112   Signal   −2688   3890   North   AB12   −1905   10795   8.819   6       113   Signal   −2813   3890   North   AE10   −4445   1460S   −6.566   2       114   VSS   −2938   3890   North       115   Signal   −3063   3890   North   AE12   −1905   14605   9.253   8       116   Signal   −3188   3890   North   AF12   −1905   15875   9.341   8       117   Signal   −3313   3890   North   AF10   −4445   15875   −10.587   2       118   Signal   −3438   3890   North   AC11   −3175   12065   31.084   1       119   Signal   −3563   3890   North   AD11   −3175   13335   24.343   1       120   VSS   −3688   3890   North       121   Signal   −3890   3688   West   AB5   −10795   10795   −1.029   0       122   Signal   −3890   3563   West   AE1   −15875   14605   −0.921   0       123   Signal   −3890   3438   West   AC3   −13335   12065   −0.913   0       124   Signal   −3890   3313   West   AB4   −12065   10795   −0.915   0       125   Signal   −3890   3188   West   AA5   −10795   9525   −0.918   0       126   Signal   −3890   3063   West   AC2   −14605   12065   −0.840   0       127   VSS   −3890   2938   West       128   Signal   −3890   2813   West   AB3   −13335   10795   −0.845   0       129   Signal   −3890   2688   West   Y5   −10795   8255   −0.806   0       130   Signal   −3890   2563   West   AA3   −13335   9525   −0.737   0       131   VSS   −3890   2438   West       132   Signal   −3890   2313   West   AE1   −15875   10795   −0.708   0       133   Signal   −3890   2188   West   W5   −10795   6985   −0.695   0       134   Signal   −3890   2063   West   V5   −10795   5715   −0.529   0       135   Signal   −3890   1938   West   Y1   −15875   8255   −0.527   0       136   VSS   −3890   1813   West       137   VDD   −3890   1688   West       138   Signal   −3890   1563   West   V4   −12065   5715   −0.508   0       139   VSS   −3890   1438   West       140   Signal   −3890   1313   West   W2   −14605   6985   −0.529   0       141   Signal   −3890   1188   West   U5   −10795   4445   −0.472   0       142   Signal   −3890   1063   West   U3   −13335   4445   −0.358   0       143   Signal   −3890   938   West   U1   −15875   4445   −0.293   0       144   Signal   −3890   813   West   T3   −13335   3175   −0.250   0       145   Signal   −3890   688   West   T1   −15875   3175   −0.208   0       146   Signal   −3890   563   West   R4   −12065   1905   −0.164   0       147   Signal   −3890   438   West   R2   −14605   1905   −0.137   0       148   VSS   −3890   313   West       149   Signal   −3890   188   West   R1   −15875   1905   −0.143   0       150   Signal   −3890   63   West   P2   −14605   635   −0.053   0       151   Signal   −3890   −63   West   N1   −15875   −635   0.048   0       152   Signal   −3890   −188   West   N5   −10795   −635   0.065   0       153   Signal   −3890   −313   West   M1   −15875   −1905   0.133   0       154   Signal   −3890   −438   West   M2   −14605   −1905   0.137   0       155   Signal   −3890   −563   West   M3   −13335   −1905   0.142   0       1S6   Signal   −3890   −688   West   M5   −10795   −1905   0.176   0       157   VDD   −3890   −813   West       158   Signal   −3890   −938   West   L1   −15875   −3175   0.187   0       159   VDD   −3890   −1063   West       160   Signal   −3890   −1188   West   L2   −14605   −3175   0.185       161   Signal   −3890   −1313   West   L4   −12065   −3175   0.228   0       162   VDD   −3890   −1438   West       163   Signal   −3890   −1563   West   L5   −10795   −3175   0.233   0       164   Signal   −3890   −1688   West   K1   −15875   −4445   0.230   0       165   Signal   −3890   −1813   West   K2   −14605   −4445   0.246   0       166   Signal   −3890   −1938   West   J1   −15875   −5715   0.315   0       167   Signal   −3890   −2063   West   J2   −14605   −5715   0.341   0       168   Signal   −3890   −2188   West   K5   −10795   −4445   0.327   0       169   Signal   −3890   −2313   West   J3   −13335   −5715   0.360   0       170   Signal   −3890   −2438   West   J4   −12065   −5715   0.401   0       171   VSS   −3890   −2563   West       172   Signal   −3890   −2688   West   H3   −13335   −6985   0.455   0       173   Signal   −3890   −2813   West   F1   −15875   −9525   0.560   0       174   Signal   −3890   −2938   West   E2   −14605   −10795   0.733   0       175   Signal   −3890   −3063   West   G5   −10795   −8255   0.752   0       176   VDD   −3890   −3188   West       177   VSS   −3890   −3313   West       178   Signal   −3890   −3438   West   F4   −12065   −9525   0.745   0       179   Signal   −3890   −3563   West   F5   −10795   −9525   0.863   0       180   Signal   −3890   −3688   West   C2   −14605   −13335   0.900   0       181   Signal   −3688   −3890   South   D10   −4445   −12065   10.799   0       182   Signal   −3563   −3890   South   B10   −4445   −14605   12.149   0       183   Signal   −3438   −3890   South   A10   −4445   −15875   11.902   0       184   Signal   −3313   −3890   South   E10   −4445   −10795   6.100   0       185   Signal   −3188   −3890   South   C9   −5715   −13335   3.738   0       186   Signal   −3063   −3890   South   D9   −5715   −12065   3.083   1       187   Signal   −2938   −3890   South   A8   −6985   −15875   2.961   2       188   Signal   −2813   −3890   South   B8   −6985   −14605   2.568   2       189   Signal   −2688   −3890   South   E11   −3175   −10795   14.179   3       190   VSS   −2563   −3890   South       191   Signal   −2438   −3890   South   D11   −3175   −12065   11.092   2       192   Signal   −2313   −3890   South   39   −5715   −10795   2.030   0       193   Signal   −2188   −3890   South   A7   −8255   −15875   1.975   0       194   VSS   −2063   −3890   South       195   Signal   −1938   −3890   South   B7   −8255   −14605   1.696   0       196   Signal   −1813   −3890   South   D8   −6985   −12065   1.581   2       197   VSS   −1688   −3890   South       198   Signal   −1563   −3890   South   C7   −8255   −13335   1.411   2       199   Signal   −1438   −3890   South   D12   −1905   −12065   17.505   2       200   Signal   −1313   −3890   South   B12   −1905   −14605   18.100   2       201   Signal   −1188   −3890   South   A5   −10795   −15875   1.248   0       202   Signal   −1063   −3890   South   C6   −9525   −13335   1.116   0       203   Signal   −938   −3890   South   B5   −10795   −14605   1.087   0       204   Signal   −813   −3890   South   A4   −12065   −15875   1.065   0       205   Signal   −688   −3890   South   B4   −12065   −14605   0.942   0       206   Signal   −S63   −3890   South   A2   −14605   −15875   0.854   2       207   Signal   −438   −3890   South   D5   −10795   −12065   0.789   2       208   Signal   −313   −3890   South   E6   −9525   −10795   0.750   2       209   Signal   −188   −3890   South   C3   −13335   −13335   0.718   2       210   Signal   −63   −3890   South   C13   −635   −13335   16.512   4       211   Signal   63   −3890   South   B13   −635   −14605   15.351   4       212   Signal   188   −3890   South   D23   12065   −12065   −0.688   0       213   Signal   313   −3890   South   B25   14605   −14605   −0.750   0       214   Signal   438   −3890   South   D22   10795   −12065   −0.789   0       215   Signal   563   −3890   South   B24   13335   −14605   −0.839   0       216   Signal   688   −3890   South   A25   14605   −15875   −0.861   2       217   Signal   813   −3890   South   A24   13335   −15875   −0.957   2       218   Signal   938   −3890   South   D20   8255   −12065   −1.117   2       219   Signal   1063   −3890   South   E19   6985   −10795   −1.166   2       220   Signal   1188   −3890   South   B14   635   −14605   19.376   4       221   VSS   1313   −3890   South       222   Signal   1438   −3890   South   A14   635   −15875   14.925   4       223   Signal   1563   −3890   South   C20   8255   −13335   −1.411   0       224   Signal   1688   −3890   South   D19   6985   −12065   −1.543   0       22S   Signal   1813   −3890   South   B20   8255   −14605   −1.663   0       226   Signal   1938   −3890   South   E18   5715   −10795   −1.828   4       227   Signal   2063   −3890   South   C19   6985   −13335   −1.919   4       228   Signal   2188   −3890   South   D18   5715   −12065   −2.318   4       229   Signal   2313   −3890   South   E15   1905   −10795   16.924   3       230   Signal   2438   −3890   South   D15   1905   −12065   15.338   3       231   Signal   2563   −3890   South   B15   1905   −14605   16.284   3       232   Signal   2688   −3890   South   A15   1905   −15875   15.307   3       233   VSS   2813   −3890   South       234   VDD   2938   −3890   South       235   Signal   3063   −3890   South   D17   4445   −12065   −5.915   0       236   Signal   3188   −3890   South   A17   4445   −15875   −9.535   3       237   Signal   3313   −3890   South   C16   3175   −13335   68.442   1       238   Signal   3438   −3890   South   B16   3175   −14605   40.741   1       239   Signal   3563   −3890   South   A16   3175   −15875   30.889   1       240   VDD   3688   −3890   South                          
 
         [0037]    (1) Table 4: chip statistics (die size, die pitch, die pad siize, and die matrix size), chip input/output total and per quadrant, number of signals total and per quadrant, ground and voltage pads on the chip total and per quadrant.  
         [0038]    (2) Table 5: module statistics, including module input/output input parameter, number of signal pads, voltage and ground pads, percent number of signal BGA pads per total BGA pads, percent number of ground and voltage BGA pads per total ground and voltage BGA pads; module laminate size; BGA pad pitch; BGA matrix size (rows by columns); full matrix or depopulated matrix identifier; die facing parameter (whether die pads are facing toward or away from carrier); enumerate the number of voltage rings; wire bond length, space for fingers plus fan out wiring, space for fan out wiring;  
         [0039]    (3) Table 6: truth table for testing that five required parameters (Table 7) evaluate true, as follows:  
         [0040]    first, wiring distance between wire bond fingers and either (a) the edge of via lands on an upper facing die, or (b) either the procoat opening or copper diameter of BGA pads on a downward facing die;  
         [0041]    second, enough BGA pads for number of chip signal pads;  
         [0042]    third, enough wiring channel capacity to match total die signal count (Referring to FIG. 3, wiring channel  123  represents the spacing between adjacent procoat openings for downward facing die, and wiring channel  125  represents the spacing between via pad  136  and closest via pad  138 ) for, based on the amount of depopulation, the number of channels is calculated and multiplied by three lines per channel and four lines per channel;  
         [0043]    forth, calculated wire line width compared with minimum manufacturing line width capability (which is an input requirement);  
         [0044]    fifth, calculated wire line space compared with minimum manufacturing line space capability (which is an input requirement);  
         [0045]    (4) Tables 8 and 9: calculated density factors, including  
         [0046]    first, calculated choke factor (choke=channel space divided by (line space plus the line width)), back door vias (vias located in the space between the inner most edge of bond finger on the laminate and the outer most edge of the most outer voltage ring);  
         [0047]    second, chip escape factor (die area divided by number of chip signal pads);  
         [0048]    third, chip density factor (die area divided by number of chip I/O pads); and  
         [0049]    fourth, BGA escape factor ((laminate area minus die area)/number of chip signals), for giving an estimate of density of wiring in the global area of the laminate for chip escape.  
         [0050]    (5) Tables 10 and 11: gold area, including BOA pads, cavity wall (for wire bond), via areas, wiring surface front and back, wire bonding surfaces, gold stiffener (if included), including total area and cost, and minimum total thermal resistance required based on ambient temperature, chip power, and junction temperature.  
         [0051]    (6) Tables 12 and 13: other miscellaneous statistics and parameters.  
                                   TABLE 4                       CHIP STATISTICS                                Die Size = 8.00 mm × 8.00 mm       Die Pitch = 125 microns       Die Pad Size = 70 microns       The Die Matrix = 60 × 60            Chip I/O (total/side)   Chip Signals %/#Side   Chip G&amp;V %/#Side       240/60   85.0%/51/204   15.0%/9/36                  
 
         [0052]    [0052]                                   TABLE 5                       MODULE STATISTICS                                Module I/O   Signal Ratio/Signal Count   G/V Ratio/G/V       Count   48.6%/204   51.4%/216       420            Module Size = 35 mm       BGA Pitch = 1.27 mm       Matrix Size = 26 × 26       This is a 5 outer row configuration       This is run is for a cavity part.       This is run is for a 2S0P part.       There are 1 voltage ring(s) in addition to the Ground Ring                    
         [0053]    [0053]                                                                                                                                                             TABLE 6                           TRUTH TABLE            # Outer   I/O   Signals   Signals   Wiring   Multiples   Deficit   Deficit   Works   Works            Rows   Count   @3   1 pc   @4   1 pc   Fanout   of Pitch   @3   @4   @3   @4                    1   100   97/   388   121/   484   9.06   77.251   −44   −68   n.YNYYY   n.YNYYY       2   192   89/   356   111/   444   7.79   66.424   −36   −58   n.YNYYY   n.YNYYY       3   276   81/   324   101/   404   6.52   55.597   −28   −48   y.YYYYY   y.YYYYY       4   352   73/   292   91/   364   5.25   44.770   −20   −38   y.YYYYY   y.YYYYY       5   420   65/   260   81/   324   3.98   33.943   −12   −28   y.YYYYY   y.YYYYY       6   480   57/   228   71/   284   2.71   23.116   −4   −18   y.YYYYY   y.YYYYY       7   532   49/   196   61/   244   1.44   12.289   4   −8   n.YYNYY   y.YYYYY       8   576   41/   164   51/   204   0.17   1.462   12   2   n.NYNYY   n.NYNYY       9   612   33/   132   41/   164   −1.10   −9.365   20   12   n.NYNYY   n.NYNYY       10   640   25/   100   31/   124   −2.37   −20.192   28   22   n.NYNYY   n.NYNYY       11   660   17/   68   21/   84   −3.64   −31.019   36   32   n.NYNYY   n.NYNYY       12   672   9/   36   11/   44   −4.91   −41.846   44   42   n.NYNYY   n.NYNYY       13   676   1/   4   1/   4   −6.18   −52.673   52   52   n.NYNYY   n.NYNYY                    
         [0054]    [0054]                     TABLE 7                       PARAMETERS TEST OUTPUT                                First Position = Enough Wiring Room after Fingers       (non-Choked)       Second Position = Enough BGA Balls for Chip Signals       Third Position = Enough Channel Capacity to match Signal       Count       Fourth Position = Wire Width above Minimum       Fifth Position = Wire to Wire Space above Minimum                    
         [0055]    [0055]                                                                 TABLE 8                           WIRE DIMENSION AND PITCH            Nominal Wire Bond Length is 2.4 mm.       Space for fingers plus fanout wiring 6.05 mm       Space for fanout wiring is 3.98 mm       Multiples of Pitch (Lower is more choked) 33.9       Back Door Vias selected (per Quadrant) is 10       Lines per Channel Selected is 4       Corresponding Line Width, Space, and Pitch is 51.0,       66.3,and 117.3 microns.       Procoat Registration is 25 microns.                Lines/   Wire   Wire   Wire           Channel   Width   Space   Pitch                            1   148.6   193.2   341.8           2   90.7   117.9   208.6           3   65.2   84.8   150.0           4   51.0   66.3   117.3           5   41.8   54.3   96.1           6   35.4   46.0   81.4                        
         [0056]    [0056]                             TABLE 9                       ESCAPE FACTORS                                    Chip Escape Factor (die area/chipsigs)is   0.31 sq               mm/chipsig           Chip Density Factor (die area/chipio)is   0.27 sq               mm/chipio           BGA Escape Factor (laminate area-die   5.7 sq           shadow/chipsig) is   mm/chipsig                        
         [0057]    [0057]                             TABLE 10                       DIE UP                                    Total Gold Area on a die up   0.36 sq. inches           Cost of Gold Area on a die up   0.03 dollars           Flower Area is   0.08 sq. inches           Bonding Surface (Fingers,           Voltage Ring, Ground Ring)   0.055           Via Land Area on S2 side   0.001           Ground Buss on S2 Side   0.019           BGA Area is   0.202           Gold Runner area is   0.008           Wiring Gold on a Die Up Part           is assumed to be masked           Via Count for Die-Up Part is   206                        
         [0058]    [0058]                             TABLE 11                       CAVITY PART                                    Total Gold Area on a Cavity               Part (minus Stiffener)   1.00 sq. inches           Gold Stiffener Area is   1.90 sq. inches           Total Gold Area Cost on a           Cavity Part (with Stiffener)   0.28 dollars           Bonding Surface (Fingers,   0.055           Voltage Ring, Ground Ring)           Wiring Front and Back (from   0.668           fingers out)           BOA Pads   0.202           Cavity Wall   0.022           Via Area   0.054           Via Count for Cavity Part is   77                        
         [0059]    [0059]                             TABLE 12                       MISCELLANEOUS                                    Flatness per inch   2.07           Cavity size is   9.00 mm                        
         [0060]    [0060]                             TABLE 13                       THERMALS                                    Ambient Temperature is   40 C.           Chip Power is   10 watts.           Assumed Maximum Junction   125           Temperature is           Minimum Total Resistance   8.5 C./Watt           needed is                        
         [0061]    Crossing file  114  includes four columns, including:  
         [0062]    (1) chip pad number (same as centroid data, supra);  
         [0063]    (2) quadrant (north, west, east, or south);  
         [0064]    (3) BGA pad; and  
         [0065]    (4) number of lines that have crossed the die pad to BGA pad line.  
         [0066]    Code  102  analyzes each connection line for the number of times any other connection line crosses it. The more crosses, the tougher the design. This file is sorted in descending order of number of crossings, so that the top of the file identifies the lines (or, nets) that are not well placed. Table 14 is an example of the top part of a crossing file  114 .  
                                                                   TABLE 14                           CROSSINGS FILE                CHIP           BGA               PAD       QUADRANT   PAD   CROSSINGS                         1   103   Signal   North   AF14   13         2   100   Signal   North   AD14   12         3   101   Signal   North   AE14   12         4    95   Signal   North   AF15   11         5    86   Signal   North   AF16   10         6    79   Signal   North   AD17   8        7    84   Signal   North   AC16   8        8   107   Signal   North   AC13   8        9   115   Signal   North   AE12   8       10   116   Signal   North   AF12   8       11    82   Signal   North   AB16   7       12   112   Signal   North   AB12   6       13    67   Signal   North   AE19   5       14    85   Signal   North   AB7   5       15    94   Signal   North   AD6   5       16    71   Signal   North   AF25   4       17    72   Signal   North   AE24   4       18    75   Signal   North   AD23   4       19    77   Signal   North   AB21   4       20    78   Signal   North   AF26   4       21    80   Signal   North   AD24   4       22    87   Signal   North   AF2   4       23    88   Signal   North   AD5   4       24    89   Signal   North   AE4   4       25    90   Signal   North   AF3   4       26    91   Signal   North   AB8   4       27    92   Signal   North   AF4   4       28    93   Signal   North   AE5   4       29    96   Signal   North   AC7   4       30    97   Signal   North   AD7   4       31    99   Signal   North   AF6   4       32   105   Signal   North   AF7   4       33   106   Signal   North   AC9   4       34   210   Signal   South   C13   4       35   211   Signal   South   B13   4       36   220   Signal   South   B14   4       37   222   Signal   South   A14   4       38   226   Signal   South   E18   4       39   227   Signal   South   C19   4       40   228   Signal   South   D18   4       41    83   Signal   North   AB22   3       42   104   Signal   North   AD8   3       43   108   Signal   North   AB10   3       44   109   Signal   North   AF9   3       45   110   Signal   North   AC10   3       46   111   Signal   North   AD10   3       47   189   Signal   South   E11   3       48   229   Signal   South   E15   3       49   230   Signal   South   D15   3       50   231   Signal   South   B15   3       51   232   Signal   South   A15   3       52   236   Signal   South   A17   3       53    66   Signal   North   AF23   2       54   102   Signal   North   AE7   2       55   113   Signal   North   AE10   2       56   117   Signal   North   AF10   2       57   187   Signal   South   A8   2       58   188   Signal   South   B8   2       59   191   Signal   South   D11   2       60   196   Signal   South   D8   2       61   198   Signal   South   C7   2       62   199   Signal   South   D12   2       63   200   Signal   South   B12   2       64   206   Signal   South   A2   2       65   207   Signal   South   D5   2       66   208   Signal   South   E6   2       67   209   Signal   South   C3   2       68   216   Signal   South   A25   2       69   217   Signal   South   A24   2       70   218   Signal   South   D20   2       71   219   Signal   South   E19   2       72    61   Signal   North   AC20   1       73    62   Signal   North   AF22   1       74    63   Signal   North   AE22   1       75    64   Signal   North   AB20   1       76    69   Signal   North   AE23   1       77    70   Signal   North   AF24   1       78   118   Signal   North   AC11   1       79   119   Signal   North   AD11   1       80   186   Signal   South   D9   1       81   237   Signal   South   C16   1       82   238   Signal   South   B16   1       83   239   Signal   South   A16   1       84    1   Signal   East   E22   0       85    2   Signal   East   C24   0       86    3   Signal   East   A26   0                  
 
         [0067]    An optional output is illustrated, in part, in Table 15. Holes.txt is a file that gives the X, Y coordinates of where vias are positioned next to BGAs. These are calculated by code  102  from input parameters  100 .  
                                           TABLE 15                           HOLES                X COORD   Y COORD                            11102.5885   −11102.5885           11102.5885   −9832.5885           11102.5885   −8562.5885           11102.5885   −7292.5885           11102.5885   −6022.5885           11102.5885   −4752.5885           11102.5885   −3482.5885           11102.5885   −2212.5885           11102.5885   −942.5885           11102.5885   942.5885           11102.5885   2212.5885           11102.5885   3482.5885           11102.5885   4752.5885           11102.5885   6022.5885           11102.5885   7292.5885           11102.5885   8562.5885           11102.5885   9832.5885           12372.5885   −11102.5885           9832.5885   13642.5885           9832.5885   14912.5885           9832.5885   16182.5885           11102.5885   11102.5885           11102.5885   12372.5885           11102.5885   13642.5885           11102.5885   14912.5885           11102.5885   16182.5885           12372.5885   13642.5885           12372.5885   14912.5885           12372.5885   16182.5885           13642.5885   13642.5885           13642.5885   14912.5885           13642.5885   16182.5885           14912.5885   16182.5885           16182.5885   16182.5885                      
 
         [0068]    Wireable text file  116  (Tables 16 and 17) is multi-purpose. It provides a code  102  generated count of consecutive (that is, runs) signals or grounds or voltages—the larger the run of signals, the more difficult it is to wire. Code  102  scans the netlist which has either been generated or received as input, identifies the power and ground names and quadrant, and determines the number of wirebond finger positions needed.  
         [0069]    Wireable text file  116  has two parts:  
         [0070]    (1) Table 16: runs analysis, in which for each of the four quadrants runs are defined by the number of consecutive signals or consecutive power and ground lines, number of wirebond fingers needed per side, and a total number of die pads, signal pads, and ground/voltage pads.  
         [0071]    (2) Table 17: net list scan, whether fabricated by program or provided as input, that enumerates the different voltage levels per quadrant.  
                                                                                                                                               TABLE 16                           WIREABLE TEXT FILE - RUNS                Run   Side   Signal   Ground                       1   East   0   4           2   East   2   2           6   East   2   0           7   East   1   0           9   East   1   0           20    East   1   0                Total Fingers needed for this side is 54           Total Pads, Signal Pads, Gnd/Vlt Pads 60 52 8                1   North   1   7           2   North   1   1           4   North   3   0           5   North   1   0           15    North   1   0           16    North   1   0                Total Fingers needed for this side is 52           Total Pads, Signal Pads, Gnd/Vlt Pads 60 51 9                1   West   2   8           2   West   1   2           3   West   2   0           4   West   2   0           6   West   1   0           8   West   3   0                Total Fingers needed for this side is 50           Total Pads, Signal Pads, Gnd/Vlt Pads 60 48 12                1   South   0   5           2   South   1   1           3   South   1   0           5   South   1   0           9   South   1   0           11    South   1   0           23    South   1   0                Total Fingers needed for this side is 54           Total Pads, Signal Pads, Gnd/Vlt Pads 60 53 7                      
 
         [0072]    [0072]                             TABLE 17                           NET LIST SCAN            #   Power/Ground   Side               1   VDD   East       2   VSS   East       1   VSS   North       2   VDD   North       1   VSS   West       2   VDD   West       1   VSS   South       2   VDD   South                    
         [0073]    Code  102  also generates script file  118 . A session is opened in Autocad to run script file  118  to create therefrom graphical file  106 .  
         [0074]    Table 17 is a pseudo code representation of the process implemented by code  102  for generating script file  118 . This is the script file that is “played” when in the Autocad environment to generate graphical representation  106 , a display of which is shown in FIG. 2. In a preferred embodiment, script file  118  is an Autocad script file, but equivalent computer automated design (CAD) environments may also be used. This Table 17 sets forth editing friendly code within code  102  for the “RATS”. Rats is a term referring to a straight line that emanates from the center of a die pad  178  to a BGA ball  180 . It is then manipulated by moving within a layer and/or placing part of the path on other layers of the package  144 . In this case, the centroid data of the die has been created and routed out to the center of the BGA pad; either by customer definition (Case “C”) or by creation within the program  102  (Case “A”).  
         [0075]    As is set forth in Table 17, code  102  creates a line or rat from (Chipx, Chipy) to (BGAx, BGAy). This line is multiverticed. Each rat has a width that is first zero and then increments to a final value with steps in the middle. It is stepped larger and larger as processing and graphical display moves counter clockwise (CCW) around the die. After code  102  creates the rats, Autocad displays graphical file  106  which shows where rats come from relative to the die sequence without having to window out and over to the die or having to select the wire to have a dialog box displayed. At the end of processing, all the wires are then converted to one width. Alternatively to using different line widths, the graphic display may use different colors.  
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           TABLE 17                       SCRIPT FILE GENERATION                                /* RATS   */       if rats=1 then do   /* Indicator in the program to have           RATS created*/           /*ratsline is the name of the matrix           that is a line for line autocad script           text file. The variable index is           line1, line2......*/            ratsline.index=‘-layer set Rats’   /* Autocad command that           creates a layer with           Autocad that all RATS           are drawn in; this is a           drawing organization           technique* /            index=index+1   /* increment index to write to the           next line*/       do yy=1 to chipio   /* start stepping through the centroid           file line for line by incrementing           line.yy matrix */           /*# lab xc yc sd an xb yb s */            parse value line.yy with v1 v2 v3 v4 v5 v6 v7 v8 v9                /* Take the Centroid Data file; read           the line and parse the string by using           the blanks as demarcation*/            Select            when v6=‘’then do   /*V6 is the Alpha Numeric; when v6           is null, this is either a ground           or voltage, not a die to end BGA           signal connection*/       otherwise   /* the line has to be a signal*/       xfrom=v3;yfrom=v4   /* Start point is the die pad           centroid*/            xinc=(v7−v3)/linesegments;yinc=(v8−v4)/linesegments                /* take the distance in both the x           and y dimension from the die pad           to the BGA and divide it by the           number of segments selected in           code above in program; this will           give each vertex of the line.*/            rat=‘’   /* give the string rat an initial           value of null string*/           /* note in REXX “∥” is the           concatenation operator; it joins           text that is with quote marks*/            do ratpoint=1 to (linesegments+1)   /* start creating           each point defining           the vertices*/       Select            when ratpoint=1 then do   /* first point will be           the die pad centroid*/       rat=rat∥v3∥‘,’∥v4∥‘’   /* create the string           that will become part of           the autocad command           language*/       end            when ratpoint=linesegments+1 then do                /* end point will be the BGA           pad centroid*/            rat=rat∥v7∥‘,’∥v8∥‘’   /* create the string           that will become part of           the autocad command           language*/       end       otherwise   /* defining a vertex point           other than the endpoints of           the RAT*/            xto=xfrom+xinc;yto=yfrom+yinc           rat=rat∥xto∥‘,’∥yto∥‘’   /*This keeps           accumulating the           string of vertices           into one string*/            xfrom=xto;yfrom=yto   /* This makes the vertex that           was defined as “to”, as the           “from” so the next point can           be calculated*/       end   /* the Select*/       end   /* Do loop*/            ratsline.index=‘pline ’∥rat   /* Autocad language command:           pline x1 y1 x2 y2 x3 y3,           etc*/       index=index+1   /* next line of the Autocad Script           File ratsline.index*/            if ratwidth&gt;ratwidthmax then ratwidth=1                /* if Rat width (line width)           reaches a number greater than what           was set, then set back to 1           micron*/            ratsline.index=‘width ’∥ratwidth   /* Create Autocad           command that specifies           the width of line by the           command followed by the           width as a numeric*/            index=index+1   /* next line of the Autocad Script           File ratsline.index*/       ratsline.index=blankline   /* Need a blankline to           toggle the Autocad Program to           go back to “Command:”           Prompt*/       index=index+1   /* next line of the Autocad Script           File ratsline.index*/            ratwidth=ratwidth+ratwidthinc   /*increment the width of the           line for the next Rat created           in the next loop*/            end   /*Select*/       end   /*Do Loop*/       end   /*End the If statement on whether           Rats are part of the script*/                  
 
         [0076]    Depopulation refers to removal of a center most matrix of BGA balls to leave some number of outside rows. This is done to remove balls immediately under the chip site.  
         [0077]    Referring to FIG. 2, an example output of graphical file  106  is illustrated for a wire bond constructed module. This shows an annotated plan view of a module  140  including chip  142 , laminate  144  which includes wires  146  interconnecting chip pads  142  with BGA site  150  and associated via. This is further illustrated in FIGS. 7 and 8 where BGA site  150  includes BGA  156 , procoat opening  154 , procoat layer  152 , substrate layers  164 , top side  160  of plated through via  158 , dogbone  162  (a dogbone is a connector between BGA pad  156  and via  160 ).  
         [0078]    Voltage ring  166  is a continuous surface of constant width, generally, that is offset from and encompasses or surrounds chip  142  site. Some wires (the power and ground wires) from chip pads  148  connect to voltage rings  166 . The innermost voltage ring  166  is usually the ground level. (For a flip chip constructed module, voltage rings  166  are not required.) Wire bond fingers  210 , shown in FIG. 9, are not shown in FIG. 2. These are oblong shaped copper features that are placed between rings  166  and BGA procoat opening  154  in a die down configuration or between rings  166  and via lands  160  in a die up configuration.  
         [0079]    As shown in FIG. 2, and enlarged in FIG. 5, which is an enlargement of the north west corner of FIG. 2, on the west side there are circuit lines  172  which run between die pads  174  and BGA sites  176  (which only appear in FIG. 2) without crossover. On the north side, extensive cross over  170  occurs for lines interconnecting die pads  178  and BGA sites  180 .  
         [0080]    [0080]FIG. 11 sets forth method steps executed within code module  102 , and these are further described in the pseudo code representation of Table 1.  
         [0081]    Set analysis step  210  controls the files  106 - 116  to be output, and the run mode. The user may specify the pitch of the die or the number of die I/O desired. Also, the user may specify the number of outer rows (matrix size minus (the depopulation divided by 2)) or the number of BGA I/O pads desired.  
         [0082]    Set variables step  212  defines cases A, B and C. For case A, the user tells the program  102  that the die and net list are to be calculated by code  102  (that is, the program creates its own). For case B, the user specifies the die in terms of a die centroid file input without defining the net list. A net list is a listing of die pad connections giving pad number and/or die pad names to BGA connections in terms of alpha numeric coordinate. For case C, the user defines both the die centroid file and the net list. The assembly technology is set as flip chip or wirebond. Chip parameters are received as input, including such parameters as chip size, chip width, chip length, chip pitch, chip I/O, die pad size, die pad shape, and percent ground and voltage (defined above). Package parameters are defined, including such parameters as die up or cavity configuration, substrate size, module I/O count, number of outer rows, BGA pitch, number of vertex points defined for a line, number of rings, width and spacing of voltage and ground rings, size of via features (pad, dogbone, vias), increment of variable width, wire bond length, and wiring rules (minimum wire space and width).  
         [0083]    Full matrix determination step  214 , based on module size and pitch of BGA, calculates whether the number of columns is odd or even. Quadrant dividing slope is calculated, which is the slope of an imaginary line from the center of the package to the corner of the die, and an adjacent pair of these defines a quadrant. If the desired number of module I/O pads, or the number of outer rows, is provided by the user, the amount of depopulation is calculated. The Jedec alpha designation is entered for each row.  
         [0084]    For case A, create die step  216  creates centroid data for flip chip or wire bond configuration. Table 17 sets forth the code  102  for step  216  generation of die. There are two cases of Generation of a Die: 1) Wirebond Single Row Peripheral, and 2) Flip Chip Area Array (which assumes square die).  
         [0085]    For case B, create centroid data step  218 , responsive to user provided centroid data, assigns each pad to a quadrant. This list is reordered, if needed, to a clockwise order while calculating the minimum chip pitch for output to graphical file  106  (minimum spacing between wire pads on a wirebound) and the curve (distance between edge of die and center line of outermost wire bond pad). Code  102  then calculates composition ratios.  
         [0086]    For case C, create centroid step  220 , assigns quadrants and calculates compositions (less work than case B).  
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           TABLE 18                       CENTROID DIE DATA GENERATION                                /* Flip PADS CALCULATION...Case A */       if case =‘a’ then closestpads=‘Any Orthogonal Adjacent’                /* Print Ont in Graphical File           that keeps track of closest C4 to           C4 distance*/            Select   /* This Select chooses between           Flip Chip Routine or Wirebond           Routine*/            when case=‘a’ &amp; tech=‘fc’ then do   /* In the case of           Flip Chip*/            Select   /* This Select chooses between           setting the minimum C4 pitch to a           minimum or setting the number of           chip IO*/            when setchipcp=‘1’ then do   /* If the chip           pitch is specified,           then do the           following*/            indent=edge+.5*dp   /* Figure out how far in the           centerline of the first pad           should be; edge (distance           defined by user representing           die edge to edge of die pad)           + half a die pad width*/       dist=cz*1000−2*indent   /* Figure out the span,           in um when each           indentation is taken           out; cz=chip size in           mm*/       spaces=dist%cp   /* Take distance and divide           by chip pitch; cp. The %           sign in REXX takes the           integer part only*/       pads=spaces+1   /* The total numbers of pads           is 1 more than the total           number of spaces*/       chipio=pads*pads   /* The total number pads is           the matrix of pad by pad*/       end            when setchipio=‘1’ then do   /* This is the case           when you have a total           number of chip IO in           mind*/            do n=1 to 1000   /* Start stepping from a 1X1           array, 2x2 array, etc until           nXn is larger than the           requested IO*/       test=n*n-chipio       if test n&gt;=0 then leave   /* when test is larger           than 0, then this           defines the matrix; it           will give chipio &gt;=1           rowx1row greater*/       end       pads=n       indent=75+0.5*dp   /* Figure out how far in the           centerline of the first pad           should be; 75 um + half a die           pad width*/       dist=cz*1000−2*indent   /* Figure out the span,           in um when each           indentation is taken           out; cz=chip size in           mm*/       cp=dist/(pads−1)   /* Figure out the chip pitch           by taking the number of space           (pads−1) and divide it into           the distance available*/       end       otherwise; end           /*Calculate Actual Chip Pads that           are G/V or signals*/            chipgv=chiprat/100*chipio%1   /*Take the           Ground/Voltage Ratio;           chiprat, which is an           input parameter,           multiply by chipio and           take integer part...this           gives the number of chip           ground and voltage           chipio*/            chipsig=chipio-chipgv   /*Take the total Chipio,           subtract out the chip ground           and voltage and this gives           the number of signals*/           /* Need the padssig variable for the           lines per channel calculation*/       padssig=chipio%4   /*Padssig is the number of           signals per quadrant*/            if padssig//4&gt;0 then padssig=padssig+1                /* Add one per side if there is 1,2, or           3 signal pads required*/           /*Polarity of C4 Matrix*/           /* Polarity of matrix means simply if           there is an odd number of columns/rows           it is odd; even if there is an even           number of rows*/            c4Polarity=‘odd’   /*Assume the polarity is           always odd*/            if pads//2=0 then c4Polarity=‘even’   /* Test to see if           the number of pads           per side is evenly           divisible by 2;           remainder is set to           even if it passes           this test*/                /* Build the Dataset*/           /* Figure out where to start the pad           most extreme from the center of the die           (0,0) */            Select       when c4polarity=‘odd’ then do            xstart=−pads%2*cp   /* Start in the third           quadrant and when odd, and it           is the integer part of a           division by two that gives           the number of pads on one           side of the y axis*/       ystart=xstart   /* the y coordinate start           equals the x coordinate           start*/       end       otherwise   /* This is the even case*/            xstart=−(pads/2−1)*cp−0.5*cp   /* There is a half           pitch step from the           y axis plus the           number of spaces           (pads/2−1)times the           pitch*/            ystart=xstart   /* the y coordinate start           equals the x coordinate           start*/       end            /* Create repeating column vector*/            b=0   /* b is the pad number counter*/       do e=1 to pads   /* Start stepping from pad index           number 1 to the number of pads in           one column*/       do t=1 to pads   /* Start stepping from pad index           number 1 to the number of pads in           one row*/       b=b+1   /* Set up the index number for the           die pad about to be defined in x           and y*/       xcoor=xstart+(e−1)*cp   /* x coordinate as a           function of starting           position plus the number           pad within the row*/       ycoor=ystart+(t−1)*cp   /* y coordinate as a           function of starting           position plus the number           pad within the column*/       padxy.b=xcoor∥‘ ’∥ycoor   /* create a string that           has two components, the           x and y coordinate*/       end   /*Do Loop*/       end   /*Do Loop*/            /* Assign the Die Pad Coordinate to a north, west, south,       east side*/            divider=chipwidth/chiplength   /* This represents the           slope of an imaginary           line struck between the           origin and the corner of           the die*/            cnteast=0; cntnorth=0; cntwest=0; cntsouth=0;hit=0                /*cnteast is the number           of pads assigned to the           eastern quadrant*/            n=0;nn=0;nnn=0;nnnn=0       do b=1 to chipio       parse value padxy.b with chipx chipy            chipxx=chipx   /* need to call it something           else because next line           changes it just for one           calculation */            if chipx=0 then chipxx=.001   /* Die Pad on the Y           axis is the Case of           infiniteslope; then           artificially set           just off y axis*/       chipslope=chipy/chipxx   /* Strike a line from           the center of the die to           the center of the pad*/       Select            when abs(chipslope)&lt;divider&amp;chipxx&gt;0 then do                /* when the slope of           line is less than the           slope to the corner of           the die and the           xcoordinate is greater           than zero, then you know           you are on the east           side*/            side=‘East’; cnteastcnteast+1; end       when abs(chipslope)&lt;divider&amp;chipxx&lt;0 then do                /* when the slope of line is less           than the slope to the corner of           the die and the xcoordinate is           less than zero, then position is           on the west side*/            side=‘West’;cntwest=cntwest+1;end       when abs (chipslope)&gt;divider&amp;chipy&gt;0 then do                /* when the slope of line is           greater than the slope to the           corner of the die and the y           coordinate is greater than zero,           then position is on the north           side */            side=‘North’; cntnorth=cntnorth+1; end       when abs (chipslope)&gt;divider&amp;chipy&lt;0 then do                /* when the slope of line is           greater than the slope to the           corner of the die and the           ycoordinate is less than zero,           then position is on the south           side*/            side=‘South’; cntsouth=cntsouth+1;end                /* Next to represent those that           might be on the dividing line;           alternate by taking the odd/even           of a counter*/            when abs (chipslope)=divider&amp;chipy&gt;0&amp;chipx&gt;0 then do                /* On the Northeast dividing           line*/            n=n+1   /*Index the counter*/       Select       when n//2=0 then do   /* when the counter is even,           assign to North side*/       side=‘North’       cntnorth=cntnorth+1       end       otherwise   /* if the counter is not even,           then it must be odd, so assign to           East side*/       side=‘East’       cnteast=cnteast+1       end       end            when abs(chipslope=divider &amp; chipy&lt;0 &amp; chipx&lt;0 then       do                /* On the Southwest dividing           line*/            nn=nn+1           Select       when nn//2=0 then do   /* when the counter           is even, assign to           South side*/       side=‘South’       cntsouth=cntsouth+1       end       otherwise   /* if the counter is not even,           then it must be odd, so assign to           West side*/       side=‘West’       cntwest=cntwest+1       end       end            when abs(chipslope)=divider &amp; chipy&lt;0 &amp; chipx&gt;0       then do                /* On the Southeast dividing           line*/       nnn=nnn+1       Select       when nnn//2=0 then do   /* when the counter is           even, assign to East           side*/       side=‘East’       cnteast=cnteast+1       end       otherwise   /* if the counter is not even,           then it must be odd, so assign to           South side*/       side=‘South’       cntsouth=cntsouth+1       end       end            when abs (chipsiope)=divider &amp; chipy&gt;0 &amp; chipx&lt;0 then       do                /* On the Northwest dividing           line* /       nnnn=nnnn+1       Select       when nnnn//2=0 then do   /* when the counter is even,           assign to West side*/       side=‘West’       cntwest=cntwest+1       end       otherwise   /* if the counter is not even,           then it must be odd, so assign to           North side*/       side=‘North’       cntnorth=cntnorth+1       end       end       otherwise; end       padxy.b=padxy.b∥‘ ’∥side   /* add on to the           centroid string that has           x and y coordinates with           the quadrant side*/       end            /*RANDOMIZE THE CHIP LABELS*/       /*This section now takes the % Ground/Voltage to       define the type of Chipio; either a signal, ground, or       voltage*/            chipgv=0   /* Set the Ground and Voltage           counter to Zero*/       clip=100−chiprat   /* Find the percentage requested           that is signal io*/       Do b=1 to chipio   /* Start stepping through each           chipio*/            generate1=random(1,100)%1   /* Generate a random number           between 1 and 100; % gives           you the integer part only*/       Select       when generate1&gt;clip then do   /* When the number is           above the signal pct; it           will be either a voltage           or ground*/       chipgv=chipgv+1   /* Add to the Ground and Voltage           Counter*/       generate2=random(1,2)   /* Now figure out whether it           will be a voltage or ground           by generating a number           between 1 and 2*/       Select       when generate2=1 then do   /* if is 1 then it is a           voltage*/       label=‘VDD’       end       otherwise            label=‘VSS’   /* if it is not 1 then it is           a ground*/       end       end       otherwise   /* when the number is below the           clip, assign the label as signal*/       label=‘Signal’       end            padxy.b=format(b,5,0)∥‘ ’∥label∥padxy.b                /* add to the front of the           centroid string the number of pad           plus the S,G,V label*/            end   /*Do Loop End*/       end   /* End Select*/            when case=‘a’ &amp; tech=‘wb’ then do                /* Wire Bond CHIP PADS CALCULATION */            kerf=.5*dp+75   /* Calculate the kerf, the distance           between the die edge and the center of           the first pad. It is a half a die pad           plus the distance “edge” (defined by           user to represent die edge to edge of           die pad*/       indent=1.25*dp+kerf   /* Indent is going to be the           distance from the die pad to the           edge, in the direction parallel to           the succession of die pads; this           keeps the pads from overlapping           each other in the corners*/       dist=cz*1000−2*indent   /* This calculates the total           distance, from extreme die pad           centroid to extreme die pad           centroid*/       spaces=dist%cp   /* The integer part of the           distance divided by the chip           pitch; this gives you the number           of spaces available*/       pads=spaces+1   /* The total number of pads is           the number of spaces plus 1*/       chipio=4*pads   /* Total number of chipio is the           pads on one side multiplied by 4*/            /* CHIP I/O DATASET CREATION */       /* Repeating Vector*/                /* This will start die formation on the           east side of the die; most southern           point*/            xstart=.5*cz*1000−kerf   /* Figure the centroid of the           first die pad; it is half the           chip size (cz;in microns)           minus the kerf (calc.           above) */       ystart=.5*spaces*cp   /* This calculates the y position           where the first pad will start*/       do e=1 to pads   /* Create the repeating           coordinates */       a.e=−1*ystart+(e−1)*cp       end            /* COORDINATES FOR ALL PADS BUT IN 4 VECTOR SETS */       /* Create the centroid string for each side.       Contents will include: Pad #, X, Y, and side of       Die */       /*Start on the East side, then north, then west,       then South (CCW)*/            do n=1 to pads   /* Step thru pads on the east           side*/       id=n            eastx.n=format(xstart,5,0)   /* Create a matrix           called eastx, with an           index equal to the pad           number, the coordinate           will always equal           xstart*/       easty.n=format(a.n,5,0)   /* Create a matrix           called easty, with an           index equal to the pad           number, the coordinate           will be a function of           the pad number, ystart           and, the chip pitch*/.            padxy.id=eastx.n∥‘ ’∥easty.n∥‘East’                /* Create the matrix           padxy, whose value is a           string and index is pad           number that */            /* Do the similar thing for the other 3 sides of the       die, while giving each pad a successively higher pad       number*/       end       do n=1 to pads       id=1*pads+n       northx.n=−1*format(a.n,5,0)       northy.n=format(xstart,5,0)       padxy.id=northx.n∥‘ ’∥northy.n∥‘North’       end       do n=1 to pads       id=2*pads+n       westx.n=−1*format(xstart,5,0)       westy.n=−1*format(a.n,5,0)       padxy.id=westx.n∥‘ ’∥westy.n∥‘West’       end       do n=1 to pads       id=3*pads+n       southx.n=1*format(a.n,5,0)       southy.n=−1*format(xstart,5,0)       padxy.id=southx.n∥‘ ’∥southy.n∥‘South’       end       /* RANDOMIZE THE CHIP LABELS*/       /* This is the same routine as was used in the area       array pad generation; commenting therefore is       similar/exact*/       chipgv=0       Do b=1 to chipio        clip=100−chiprat        generate1=random(1,100)%1       Select        when generate1&gt;clip then do         chipgv=chipgv+1         generate2=random (1,2)        Select         when generate2=1 then do         label=‘VDD’         end         otherwise         label=‘VSS’         end        end        otherwise        label=‘Signal’        end       padxy.b=format(b,5,0)∥‘ ’∥label∥‘ ’padxy.b       end /*Do Loop End*/       end /* End When for Theoretical Die creation*/                  
 
         [0087]    Create BGA matrix step  222  for all cases A, B and C, starting with a full BGA matrix, creates a line of data with its x position, y position, slope from center of package, and quadrant. An alphanumeric matrix specifies the alpha/numeric location of the ball. Punch out depops data for balls that are not supposed to be there (from input). The resulting data set is separated into four separate quadrants. This step randomly assigns a type for each BGA pad in a quadrant to a signal, ground or voltage.  
         [0088]    For case A and B, chip to BGA routing  224  separates chip centroid data into four matrices based on quadrant. The closest slope search routine starts on east side, takes the quadrant dividing slope (step  214 ) for this die pad position, determines the slope to all BGAs in the quadrant, and then finds the slope that is the closest to the quadrant dividing slope, and that slope defines the routing for this chip pad. Signal, but not ground and voltage, lines are thus routed. The selected BGA pad is then designated “used”, and not available for subsequent pad selection. This process is repeated for die pads in order in this quadrant. The new maximum slope is that defined by the routing of the previous pad.  
         [0089]    Step  226  calculates the runs, the power levels, wire bond fingers needed, and outputs to a file.  
         [0090]    Step  228  uses Cramer&#39;s rule to solve for the intersection of all possible line combinations within the quadrant to see if the intersection falls within the space between a die pad and its connected BGA pad. If so, the count of crossings is incremented.  
         [0091]    Step  230  generates summary file  112 , and is more fully described in Tables 19-21.  
                                   TABLE 19                       GOLD AND NICKEL CONSTANTS                                /* GOLD AND NICKEL CONSTANTS */            gdens=19.3   /* specific gravity of gold   */       ndens=8.89   /* specific gravity of nickel   */       water=1/10000**3   /* grams per cubic micron   */           /* of water   */       goldcost=goldcost*16/454   /* $ per gram of gold   */       nickelcost=nickelcost*16/454           /* $ per gram of nickel   */       numberrings=1   /* number of bond rings in   */           /* addition to the ground   */           /* ring   */       sqmicron2sqin=1/1000**2/25.4**2           /* conversion from sq microns   */           /* to sq inches   */                  
 
         [0092]    [0092]                         TABLE 20                       CALCULATION OF GOLD AREA                                /* GOLD AREA FOR GROUND RING, VOLTAGE RING(S) AND   */       /* BOND FINGERS   */       /* unit of area used is in square microns   */       /* set width to voltage ring width established at the   */       /* beginning of the overall program   */       width=voltagewidth       /* ring area accumulator   */       ringarea=0       /* create a routine that sums up the ring areas   */       /* starting at the inner ground area and working out   */       /* j stands for the ring number; j=1 is the ground   */       /* ring, j=2 is the first voltage ring, j=3 is the   */       /* second voltage ring, etc.   */       do j=1 to (numberrings +1)        Select        when j=1 then do         width=groundwidth        end        otherwise         width=voltagewidth        end        Select        when j=2 then do         voltageringpitch=groundwidth/2          +ringspace+voltagewideth/2        end        otherwise         voltageringpitch=voltagewidth+ringspace        end       ring1length=chiplength*1000+diespace+(j−1) *voltageringpitch       ring2length=chipwidth*1000+diespace+(j−1) *voltageringpitch       ringarea=(ring1length+ring2length) *width*2+ringarea       end       /* end of summation of ring areas   */       /* Calculate the total area of all the wire   */       /* bond fingers   */       Finger=chipsig*wbfingerlgth*wbfingerwdth       /* GOLD AREA FOR VIAS ON FULL GOLD FOR CAVITY   */       /* Via area is the addition of the lands (top and   */       /* bottom; which are disks) and the inner vertical   */       /* surface   */       finishedvia=viasize-2cuthk       /* Estimate via count for cavity, 16 vias added in   */       viacnc=.3*chipsig+4*4*numberrings       /* Calculate lands   */       vialandsc=2*3.1416*(viapadf**2-finishedvia**2)/4*viacnc       /* Inside vertical surface of PTH   */       viainnerc=finishedvia*3.1416*lamthick*viacnc       /* Lands + Inner Surface   */       viagdc=vialandsc+viainnerc       /* FLOWER PAD   */       /* Estimate the diameter of the solid part of the   */       /* Flower Pad   */       diaf=.5*cz*1000       /* Add the Petals of the Flower plus the Circular   */       /* Area   */       flower=6*cz*1000*petalwidth+3.1416*diaf*diaf/4       /* GOLD AREA OF VIAS FOR SELECTIVE DIE UP FLOWER   */       /* AND RING REGIONS   */       /* Estimate 2 vias per .25″× .25″ area FOR DIAUP   */       /* FLOWER AREA   */       Viacndflower=flower/(6.35**2*1000**2)*2       /* Total number of drilled vias in a Diaup   */       viacnd=viacndflower+chipsig       /* Total number of Backside(S2) Land Area   */       viagdd=viacndflower*3.1416*(viapadb**2=finishedvia**2)/4       /* Estimate of ground bussing typically found on   */       /* S2 under the die   */       groundbussd=3.1416*diaf*diaf/4       /* Adjust flower area for vias and inner surface   */       flower=flower-3.1416*(viasize-2*cuthk)**2/4*viacondflower       +3.1416*(viasize=2*cuthk)*viacndflower       /* GOLD AREA BGA PADS   */       bgarea=)bgapadsize**2*3.1416/4)       +dogwidth*(bgaprocoat=bgadia)/2       /* Number of BGA pads on a cavity   */       bgac=modio*bgarea       /* Number of BGA pads on a dia up   */       bgad=bgac+thermal*bgarea       /* STIFFENER AREA   */       /* Stiffener is a piece of copper, the size of the   */       /* substrate, on cavity parts   */       stiff=size*size*1000*1000       /* CAVITY WALL AREA   */       /* This is the area, on a cavity only, where the   */       /* ground ring wraps around the corner and downward   */       /* to the S2   */       cav=((chipwidth*1000+diespace)*2       +(chiplength*1000+diespace))*(lamthick+2*cuthk)       /* CAVITY WIRING AREA FRONT AND BACK   */       /* Figure out the area remaining that is available for   */       /* wiring and then apply a percentage of that area   */       /* that is wiring distance in one dimension   */       /* encompassing the fingers, die, etc.   */       innerside=(outeractual/1000-spacefnactual)       /* Area of this innerside   */       innerarea=innerside*innerside       /* Area of part, minus inner area, lands, BGA   */       wiringarea=stiff-innerarea-vialandsc-bgac       /* Estimate wiring covers 30% front 10% back   */       wdensc=(0.3+0.1)*wiring area       /* CIRCUIT WIRING GOLD SUMMATION   */       /* Add fingers and bonding rings; these are the   */       /* surface that are bonded to   */       bondinggold=finger+ringarea       /* GOLD RUNNER   */       /* Gold runner is a small area used during the molding   */       /* process for die up   */       goldrun=goldrunwdth*goldrunhgt       /* TOTAL GOLD FOR CAVITY   */       /* Add the bonding surfaces, vias, wiring, cavity   */       /* wall, and BGA   */       togold=bondinggold-+-viagdc+bgac+cav       /* Multiply by gold thickness to get volume and   */       /* multiply by density   */       cost=goldcost*(tcgold+stiff)*goldthk*water*gdens       /* TOTAL GOLD FOR DIE UP SELECTIVE   */       /* Add the bonding surfaces, flower pads, vias, BGA,   */       /* and ground buss   */       tdgold=bondinggold+flower+viagdd+bgad+groundbussd       /* Multiply by gold thickness to get volume and   */       /* multiply by density   */       dcst=goldcost*tdgold*goldthk*water*gdens                    
         [0093]    Table 21 is a pseudo code representation of choke factor determination. Choke factor is a measure of the amount of room left between the bond fingers and either the array of via lands (in a die up) or BGA pads (in a cavity). It is not a linear dimension but is unitless. It is unitless because the linear space is divided by the wiring pitch. This by definition is then the number of wiring pitches that can fit into the allotted space. Lower numbers are more choked, higher numbers are less choked. Negative numbers mean that there is no fanout room.  
         [0094]    Dividing by the pitch gives a relative measure of the distance verses the ‘fineness’ of the wiring technology. A choke clip level is used to determine whether the module can be wired.  
                             TABLE 21                       CHOKE FACTOR DETERMINATION                                    /* DISTANCE LEFT FOR FINGERS AND FANOUT   */           /* Units are microns   */           /* Calculate the distance from the center of the   */           /* substrate to the furthest voltage ring   */           /* Width of ground ring + space between rings   */           /* + voltage ring width*number of rings   */           /* CZ is the die in mm   */           inner=cz/2*1000+rings           /* The following routine determines the square that   */           /* inscribes either the BGA pads (in a cavity), or   */           /* the via land (in a dieup). This square is   */           /* tangent to the   */           /* inside edge of either pad; and it is towards the   */           /* die. A matrix outer.k represents the size of   */           /* the spare for all possible depopulatons of BGA   */           /* balls. In reality, outer.k is half the length   */           /* of the square.   */           /* Depop.k is a matrix that existed higher up in the   */           /* overall program, and is an array whose value is   */           /* the number of positions in the depopulated BGA   */           /* matrix.   */           /* The index, k, represents the number of outer rows   */           /* in the depopulated BGA matrix.   */           /* Maxouterrow is calculated higher in the overall   */           /* program and is the largest number of outer   */           /* rows that a particular substrate size can   */           /* possibly have.   */           do k=1 to maxouterrow           Select           when style=‘cavity’ then do           /* This figures the distance from the center of the   */           /* module out to the linear edge of BGA precoat,   */           /* of the inner roll of balls.   */           outer.k=(depop.k-1)/2*bgapitch_bgapitch-bgaprocoat/2           end           when style=‘dieup’ then do           /* This figures the distance from the center of   */           /* the module out to the inner edge of the via   */           /* land on the inner rows of vias.   */           outer.k=(depop.k-1)2*bgapitch+bgapitch+doglength-viapadf/2           end           otherwise; end           /* This is the calculation of the distance between the   */           /* BGA or Vias and rings; this is left for fingers   */           /* and fanout   */           spaceff.k=(outer.k-inner)/;1000           /* These three equations calculate the space left   */           /* after subtracting out that needed for the wire   */           /* bond wire and its pad and its procoat. The three   */           /* equations are similar, except for a variance of   */           /* bondwire length, nominal, high, and low.   */           spacefn.k=(outer.k-((cz/2*1000)-indent)-wbnom           -wbfingerlgth/2-wbprocoat)/1000           spacefh.k=(outer.k-((cz/2*l000)-indent)-wbhi           wbfingerlgth/2-wbprocoat)/1000           spacefl.k=(outer.k-))cz/2*1000)-indent)-wblo           +wbfingerlgth/2-wbprocoat)/1000           /* Fanout length as a multiple of finest wiring pitch   */           /* This is the choke factor: fancha.k   */           /* fancha.k i the nominal space for fanout, converted   */           /* to microns and divided by the wiring pitch   */           /* The wiring pitch is a constant and it is defined   */           /* high up in the code as wire width+wire space   */           /* The index, k, represents the number of outer rows   */           /* of BGA   */           /* Choke Factor fancha.k   */           fancha. k=spacefn.k*1000/wirepitch           . .           end      /* End do loop   */                      
 
         [0095]    Basically, the buildup technology (SLC) which is employed in providing the chip carrier layer count calculating method and system comprises a subroutine as follows:  
         [0096]    This program keys in one the number of signals required to be fanned out per quadrant and calculates the number of sequential layers that would be required. Layer count is a critical cost intensive parameter since each layer added to the laminate has a compounding effect on yield. 1 layer=80%, 1 layers=80%80%=64%, etc.  
         [0097]    This routine is part of the foregoing described larger program. The inputs to this subroutine are from this program. The recommended subroutine below indicates these inputs.  
         [0098]    Extracted and contracted commented aspects are derived from this program that serves as a general flow chart:  
         [0099]    Begin SLC Sizing Section  
         [0100]    cz was defined above; it is the size of the physical chip expressed in mm;  
         [0101]    cp was defined above as minimum chip bump to chip bumppitch; it can be an input or calculated;  
         [0102]    c4pad is an input; it is the size of the pad on the substrate that the chip bump sits on;  
         [0103]    c4line this is an input; it is the minimum line width capable by mfg process;  
         [0104]    c4space this is an input; it is the minimum space line to line capable by mfg process;  
         [0105]    This defines a file named: Slc_customer  
         [0106]    “Customer” is an input by the user, tags the file with the company name;  
         [0107]    Figure out if the copper pad edge or procoat opening edge will define the wiring channel;  
         [0108]    Calculate the maximum number of wiring pitches (spaces+width) that fit into the wiring channel;  
         [0109]    Calculate the number of rows and corresponding number of chip pads on a quadrant basis;  
         [0110]    Take a quadrant slide of the die along the diagonals Padsrow.o is a matrix that will define the number of pads that are left as you proceed towards the middle of the die, row by row, starting from edge and decremented by the two flanking diagonals. Pads A variable that has been calculated either by pitch/die size inputs or total chipio input.  
         [0111]    This variable is the number of pads across one side of the chip. Calculates the number of wires per layer and stores in a matrix. Calculates the total number of pads rows until center is reached.  
         [0112]    Calculate number of SLC Layers to handle required Chip Signal Count. This value is stored in a variable called max layers.  
         [0113]    Output on a per layer basis and also summary.  
         [0114]    The signal needs per quadrant, the layer number, the number of wires on this layer, the resulting un-wired of the total signals per quadrant, the number need divided by the wires per this layer . . . this is important on the last layer because it gives you an idea if you needed every bit of the last layer or you needed a very small pct. This either effects your confidence (the former), or (the latter) tells you might be able to go one layer less if you could just find a way to wire out just several.  
         [0115]    Output a summary . . . See Output.  
         [0116]    Pursuant to a more specific application, and wherein the particular layouts of the wiring lines or rats are illustrated in FIGS. 12A through 12D, the tabular representation of the foregoing is indicated in Table 22 referring to SLC output.  
                                                                 TABLE 22                           SLC OUTPUT            Signals Needed                       in Layer   Layer   Number of Wires       Needed/       Per Quadrant   Number   per Layer   Deficit   WIres                    125   1   65   193 .   3.97       193   2   62   131 .   3.11       131   . 3   59   72   2.22       72   . 4   56   16   1.29       16   . 5   53   −37   0.30            This is a 5+5 SLC Structure (Does not Count FC1)       Chipio is 2238       Chip Pitch is 224.50       Chip Size is 18       Total Rows of the die is 22       The Die Matrix = 65×65       C4 Pad Diameter is 127 um       C4 Procoat Diameter is 195 um       Type of C4 Pad Site is nsmd       Number of Lines through C4 Channels is 0       Maximum Number of Layers given the total rows 22       Setting is Chipio, Chip Pitch 0 1                  
 
         [0117]    Pursuant to a further specific application, predicated on the code set forth below, the inputs needed are as follows:  
         [0118]    1. c4 pad size  
         [0119]    2. c4 procoat size  
         [0120]    3. minimum c4 wiring space  
         [0121]    4. minimum c4 wire width  
         [0122]    5. chip C4 pitch  
         [0123]    6. chip size  
         [0124]    7. Chip kerf  
         [0125]    8. % Chip IO that are ground or Voltage  
                                    * * * * * * * * * * * * * *Beginning of Code* * * * * * * * * * * * * *         /*Begin SLC Sizing Section */         if c4pad&gt;c4procoat then c4definintion=‘smd’         if c4procoat&gt;c4pad then c4definition=‘nsmd’         Select          when c4definition=‘smc’ then do          c4wirespace=cp−c4pad          end          otherwise          c4wirespace=cp−c4procoat          end       c4wiringpitches−c4wirespace/(c4line+c4space)-       c4space/(c4line4+c4space)       c41pc=c4wiringpitches%1       spread_rule=c4wirespace/(2*crlpc+1)/*Optimized Spread*/       spread_rule=format(spread_rule,3,0)       padsrow.1=pads       do 0=2 to 1000         p+0−1         padsrow.0=padsrow.p−3/*Note it is not minus 2; have to       account for quad neighbor*/if padsrow.0&lt;0 then do       ttlrows=o−1       leave         end       end       start=1; finish=start+c41pc       do layer=1 to 30       wires=0       do 0=start to finish       wires=padsrow.0+wires       if ttlrows=0 then leave       end       numberwires.layer=wires       start=finish+1; finish=startn+c41pc       if start&gt;ttlrows then keave       end       maxlayers=layer       chipsigneed=chipsig/4       out=‘Signals Needed” Layer” Number of Wires” Deficit”       Needed/Wires in Layer’       out_file˜lineout (OUT)       out=‘Per Quadrant” Number” per Layer’       out_file˜lijeout (OUT)       Do layer=1 to maxlayers       if numberwires.layer&lt;=0 then do       leave       end       delta=chipsigneed-numberwires.layer       pct=chipsigneed/numberwires.layer       pct=format(pct,2,2)       out=chipsigneed’ layer’ ‘numberwires.layer’ ‘delta’ ‘pct       out_file˜lineout (OUT)       chipsigneed=chipsigneed-numberwires.layer       if chipsigneed&lt;=0 then leave       end       slccount=layer’ ‘pct’       ***************End of Code***************                  
 
         [0126]    Furthermore, there is provided a tabulation of two outputs as follows:  
         [0127]    Outputted in tow Places:  
         [0128]    Under Chart.txt.File: which is a routine that looks at all the possible combinations of a Chip Carrier given a set of input structure.  
                                                                                                                           Portion                                                       Layer                                                   LW/Space       Case   Size   Rows   IO   Pitch   Pwr/Gnd   Size   Pitch   Sigs   Pwr/Gnd   Layers Used   Full = 1   C4LPC                   1   17   3   156   1000   40%   5   250   94   77%   1 + 1   0.64   42       2   17   4   192   1000   51%   5   250   94   77%   1 + 1   0.64   42       3   17   5   220   1000   57%   5   250   94   77%   1 + 1   0.64   42       4   17   6   240   1000   61%   5   250   94   77%   1 + 1   0.64   42                  
 
         [0129]    Second Output:  
         [0130]    Under SLC.txt File: This focuses in on one particular point and gives more detail on how the signals are being  
                                                                     Signals Needed   Layer   Number of Wires       Needed/       Per Quadrant   Number   per Layer   Deficit   Wires in Layer                                112.25   1   45   67.25   2.49       67.25   2   33   3.25   2.04       34.25   3   21   13.25   1.63       13.25   4   9   4.25   1.47                  
 
         [0131]    This is a 5+5 SLC Structure (Does not Count FC1)  
         [0132]    Chipio is 576  
         [0133]    Chip Pitch is 250  
         [0134]    Chip Size is 6  
         [0135]    Total Rows of the die is 9  
         [0136]    The Die Matrix=24×24  
         [0137]    C4 Pad Diameter is 125 um  
         [0138]    C4 Procoat Diameter is 110 um  
         [0139]    Type of C4 Pad Site is smd  
         [0140]    Number of Lines through C4 Channels is 1  
         [0141]    Maximum Number of Layers given the total rows 5  
         [0142]    The foregoing, by way of an example, is in connection with a 5+5 SLC structure, although other variations are readily implementable through intermediary of the present invention, which essentially is a further improvement on the parent patent application.  
         [0143]    It will be appreciated that, although specific embodiments of the invention have been described herein for purposes of illustration, various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. In particular, it is within the scope of the invention to provide a computer program product or program element, or a program storage or memory device such as a solid or fluid transmission medium, magnetic or optical wire, tape or disc, or the like, for storing signals readable by a machine, for controlling the operation of a computer according to the method of the invention and/or to structure its components in accordance with the system of the invention.  
         [0144]    Further, each step of the method may be executed on any general computer, such as an IBM System 390, AS/400, PC or the like and pursuant to one or more, or a part of one or more, program elements, modules or objects generated from any programming language, such as C++, Java, Pl/1, Fortran or the like. And still further, each said step, or a file or object or the like implementing each said step, may be executed by special purpose hardware or a circuit module designed for that purpose.  
         [0145]    While the invention has been particularly shown and described with respect to preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing and other changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Technology Category: g