Patent Document

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     This invention relates generally to computer networks. More specifically, this invention relates to tracking and managing access to informational resources on the World Wide Web. 
     2. Background Art 
     The development of the EDVAC computer system of 1948 is often cited as the beginning of the computer era. Since that time, computer systems have evolved into extremely sophisticated devices, and computer systems may be found in many different settings. The widespread proliferation of computers prompted the development of computer networks that allow computers to communicate with each other. With the introduction of the personal computer (PC), computing became accessible to large numbers of people. Networks for personal computers were developed that allow individual users to communicate with each other. 
     Computer systems typically include operating system software that controls the basic function of the computer, and one or more software applications that run under the control of the operating system to perform desired tasks. For example, a typical IBM Personal Computer may run the OS/2 operating system, and under the control of the OS/2 operating system, a user may execute an application program, such as a word processor. As the capabilities of computer systems have increased, the software applications designed for high performance computer systems have become extremely powerful. 
     Other changes in technology have also profoundly affected how we use computers. For example, the widespread proliferation of computers prompted the development of computer networks that allow computers to communicate with each other. With the introduction of the personal computer (PC), computing became accessible to large numbers of people. Networks for personal computers were developed to allow individual users to communicate with each other. In this manner, a large number of people within a company could communicate with other computer users in a convenient and efficient manner. 
     One significant computer network that has recently become very popular is the Internet. The Internet grew out of the modern proliferation of computers and networks, and has evolved into a sophisticated worldwide network of computer systems linked together by web pages that collectively make up the “World-Wide Web”, or WWW. A user at an individual PC (i.e., workstation) that wishes to access the WWW typically does so using a software application known as a web browser. A web browser makes a connection via the WWW to other computers known as web servers, and receives information from a web server that is displayed on the user&#39;s workstation. Information displayed for the user is typically organized into pages that are constructed using a specialized language called Hypertext Markup Language (HTML). The user can navigate to any page by inputting the address or Uniform Resource Locator (URL) into the web browser. URLs are simply formatted text strings which identify the location of a WWW resource. 
     Several web browsers have been developed which allow users to traverse the pages of the WWW and store “place holders” to represent the URLs of commonly visited sites or pages. Similar to links, these place holders automatically navigate the user back to frequently visited sites with a simple point and click of the mouse. In the commonly used Netscape Navigator web browser, these place holders are referred to as “bookmarks” and are displayed on a Bookmarks Menu located on the main screen of the web browser. Similarly, Microsoft Internet Explorer also allows the user to define place holders which are referred to as “favorites.” Since it would be impractical and impossible to list the exact term used by each web browser to designate these place holders, this specification uses the term “bookmark” to broadly signify all present and future terms used to describe place holders which are capable of automatically retrieving URLs and directing a web browser to the desired site. 
     Another advantage of using bookmarks is the ability to customize a web browser for an individual user. Each web user can personalize his or her Bookmarks Menu by simply navigating their web browser to a commonly visited WWW site, clicking on the Bookmarks Menu and then clicking on the “Add a Bookmark” tool, or some similar tool. This causes the web browser to automatically add a bookmark for that site to the Bookmarks Menu. The newly defined bookmark then appears on the Bookmarks Menu as either the name of the site or the URL address of the site. The user can easily navigate back to any bookmarked site by simply clicking on the appropriate bookmark listed in the Bookmarks Menu. While the use of bookmarks has simplified the use of the WWW, deciding whether or not to bookmark a site is a decision not to be taken lightly. 
     Typically, when a user is browsing the WWW to locate information for a specific purpose, they will bookmark a site that contains any information that the user finds valuable. Later, during the session, if the user finds a new site that contains even better information relating to the topic of interest, they will add that new site to the list of bookmarks as well. As can be imagined, over the course of a single browsing session, the user may locate and create bookmarks for a large number of sites which contain similar information. However, not all sites are created equal. Therefore, partway through a browsing session the user may discover a site that was bookmarked during the early part of the search is now less desirable or completely useless when compared with the newer, more up-to-date sites that have been bookmarked. This will mean that the user will probably need to go back and remove the older, less valuable bookmarks from the bookmark list at a later time so that the bookmark file is not overloaded with low-quality sites. Ultimately, deciding which sites to keep and deleting the undesirable sites can become very time-consuming. 
     Knowing that better sites may be found later and not wishing to spend an inordinate amount of time deleting less desirable bookmarks, the user may choose a different strategy which leads to yet a different problem. During the early stages of a browsing session, the user may come across a site which, while promising, is not quite what the user is looking for. Since the user is convinced that better sites must exist elsewhere on the WWW, they will choose not to bookmark the current site and will move on in search of “greener pastures” in an attempt to reduce the number of redundant or less valuable sites that must be removed later. However, after a sometimes fruitless attempt to find a better site, the user may come to the inescapable conclusion that the previously discarded site was, in fact, the best site or was the only site that had the desired information. However, since the user did not bookmark the earlier site, they have no way of easily returning to the previously visited site and may spend many precious hours, sometimes in vain, tying to rediscover the previously visited site that contained the desired information. 
     These two related problems make the decision to bookmark a site or not to bookmark a site more challenging than it should be. A user would like to simply find the best sites and bookmark them accordingly. However, since it is impossible to know beforehand which sites will turn out to be the best sites, the user must either bookmark every possible relevant site, and go back and delete the unwanted sites at a later time, or take a chance by not bookmarking a potentially promising site and risk not being able to find it again at a later date. While this current approach is serviceable, it is obviously less than ideal. No matter which course of action a user pursues, there will almost certainly be an element of inefficiency or frustration introduced into the process. In fact, the search for previously visited sites and the constant marking and unmarking of less desirable bookmarks can both become unnecessarily counterproductive and time-consuming for the average user. 
     As the number of WWW users and the number of useful sites rapidly expand, it will become increasingly important for a web user to be able to use bookmarks to effectively access desired information. Without improvements in the present system of managing bookmark information, the process of selecting optimal bookmark files and maintaining ready access to the most relevant sites for individual WWW user will be less effective than otherwise possible. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, an apparatus and method for intermediate storage of tentative bookmark information is disclosed. The bookmark staging mechanism of the present invention allows a web user, during a browsing session, to temporarily “stage” or “mark” visited sites as potential bookmarks. At the close of the browsing session, or at some other appropriate time during the browsing session, the user can review the list of staged bookmarks and “promote” any or all staged bookmarks while simultaneously discarding any undesired bookmarks. The promoted bookmarks become part of the user&#39;s standard bookmark file and can be accessed at a later time, as desired. In addition, the user has the option of quitting the browser and saving the staging area, with the intermediate or staged bookmarks intact. The user can then return at a later time and continue the same search, using the previously staged bookmarks. This unique process allows a user to maintain a list of high-quality bookmarks that will lead the user back to the sites which are most suited to the user&#39;s specific information needs. A user can bookmark any and all promising sites without worrying about the possibility of spending hours deleting bookmarks that ultimately prove less valuable. Similarly, a user can bookmark even less promising sites and, if no better sites materialize during subsequent searching, promote those staged sites to the permanent bookmark file for later use. 
     The foregoing and other features and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following more particular description of the preferred embodiment of the invention, as illustrated in the accompanying drawings. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     The preferred exemplary embodiments of the present invention will hereinafter be described in conjunction with the appended drawings, where like designations denote like elements, and: 
     FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a computer system in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention; 
     FIG. 2 is a simplified screen shot of a web browser window incorporating a bookmark staging area according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; 
     FIG. 3 is a block diagram representation of the contents a memory location for staging bookmarks in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention; 
     FIG. 4 is a sample pop-up menu for managing staged bookmarks according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; 
     FIG. 5 is a flow diagram of the overall method steps for staging bookmarks in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention; 
     FIG. 6 is an expanded flow diagram of step  530  from the method of FIG. 5; 
     FIG. 7 is a flow diagram for sorting URLs in the bookmark staging area according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; 
     FIG. 8 is a flow diagram for updating the viewing times of URLs in the bookmark staging area according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; 
     FIG. 9 is a flow diagram for testing user idle time according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; and 
     FIG. 10 is a flow diagram for highlighting URLs in the bookmark staging area according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. 
    
    
     BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION 
     The present invention provides a new method for browsing the WWW and using bookmarks to locate and store references to desirable web pages. The methods of the present invention offer enhanced productivity by increasing the flexibility of any web browser application. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Referring now to FIG. 1, a computer system in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention includes: a Central Processing Unit (CPU) or processor  110 ; a terminal interface  150 ; an auxiliary storage interface  140 ; a Direct Access Storage Device (DASD)  170 ; a floppy disk  180 ; a bus  160 ; and a memory  120 . In this example, memory  120  includes a web browser  122 , a bookmark staging mechanism  123 , and bookmark staging memory  124 . It should be understood that bus  160  is used to load bookmark staging mechanism  123  into memory  120  for execution. Bookmark staging memory  124  is used to store information about intermediate or staged bookmarks while bookmark staging mechanism  123  is operational. Bookmark staging mechanism  123  and bookmark staging memory  124  are explained in greater detail below. 
     Processor  110  performs computation and control functions of system  100 . Processor  110  associated with system  100  may comprise a single integrated circuit, such as a microprocessor, or may comprise any suitable number of integrated circuit devices and/or circuit boards working in cooperation to accomplish the functions of a central processing unit. Processor  110  is capable of suitably executing the programs contained within memory  120  and acting in response to those programs or other activities that may occur in system  100 . 
     Memory  120  is any type of memory known to those skilled in the art. This would include Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM), Static RAM (SRAM), flash memory, cache memory, etc. While not explicitly shown in FIG. 1, memory  120  may be a single type of memory component or may be composed of many different types of memory components. In addition, memory  120  and processor  110  may be distributed across several different computer that collectively comprise system  100 . For example, web browser may reside on one computer with CPU 1 , bookmark staging mechanism may reside on another computer system with a separate CPU 2 , and bookmark staging memory may reside on a third computer system with a different CPU n . Computer system  100  of FIG. 1 simply illustrates many of the salient features of the invention, without limitation regarding the physical location of processor  110  or memory locations within memory  120 . 
     Bus  160  serves to transmit programs, data, status and other forms of information or signals between the various components of system  100 . The preferred embodiment for bus  160  is any suitable physical or logical means of connecting computer systems and components known to those skilled in the art. This includes, but is not limited to, direct hard-wired connections, Internet connections, Intranet connections, fiber optics, infrared (IR) and other forms of wireless connections. It is anticipated that many alternative methods and material for connecting computer systems and components will be readily adapted for use with the present invention. This would include those methods and materials not presently known but developed in the future. 
     Terminal interface  150  allows human users to communicate with system  100 . Auxiliary storage interface  140  represents any method of interfacing a storage apparatus to a computer system known to those skilled in the art. Auxiliary storage interface  140  allows auxiliary storage devices such as DASD  170  to be attached to and communicate with the other components of system  100 . While only one auxiliary storage interface  140  is shown, the present invention anticipates multiple interfaces and multiple auxiliary storage devices such as DASD  170 . As shown in FIG. 1, DASD  170  may be a floppy disk drive which is capable of reading and writing programs or data on disk  180 . DASD  170  may also be any other type of DASD known to those skilled in the art. This would include floppy disk drives, CD-ROM drives, hard disk drives, optical drives, etc. Disk  180  represents the corresponding storage medium used with DASD  170 . As such, disk  180  can comprise a typical 3.5 inch magnetic media disk, an optical disk, a magnetic tape or any other type of storage medium. 
     It is important to note that while the present invention has been (and will continue to be) described in the context of a fully functional computer system, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the mechanisms of the present invention are capable of being distributed as a program product in a variety of forms, and that the present invention applies equally regardless of a particular type of signal bearing media used to actually carry out the distribution. Examples of signal bearing media include recordable type media such as floppy disks, CD-ROMs and transmission type media such as digital and analog communication links including wireless communications. 
     Obviously, system  100  will typically include additional components such as a mouse, a keyboard, a network interface, a modem, etc. that allow system  100  to connect to various computer networks and allow the user of system  100  to communicate over a network connection to a network. The use and operability of these various components are well known to those skilled in the art and, accordingly, are not addressed herein. 
     Referring now to FIG. 2, a web browser window  200  incorporates a bookmark staging area  220  in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Bookmark staging area  220  includes a series of staged bookmarks  225  and a scroll bar  229 . Each staged bookmark  225  includes icon portion  226  and a URL portion  227 . Each icon portion  226  is a pictorial representation or “thumbnail” of a staged bookmark  225  which has been placed into bookmark staging area  220  by bookmark staging mechanism  123  as directed by the user. Each URL portion  227  is the URL for the corresponding icon portion  226 . Scrollbar  229  is provided to navigate through bookmark staging area  220  when the number of staged bookmarks  225  exceed the display limits of bookmark staging area  220 . Scrollbar  229  works in a fashion similar to other window scroll bars provided in other GUI environments. It is important to note that although a URL portion  227  is shown for each icon portion  226 , bookmark staging mechanism  123  may be implemented to display the URL portions  227  only upon demand or by a specific user action such as placing the cursor over a given icon portion  226 . Alternatively, bookmark staging mechanism  123  may be configured to display the HTML title of the bookmarked WWW page. Various combinations of these URL and title display features will be user-configurable options in the most preferred embodiments of the present inventions. 
     While web browser window  200  has been used to explain one preferred embodiment of the present invention, those skilled in the art will recognize that many other embodiments with other types of interface elements may be used to provide the same or similar functionality as web browser window  200 . 
     Referring now to FIG. 3, a block diagram representation of one preferred embodiment of bookmark staging memory  124  is illustrated. As shown in FIG. 3, each staged bookmark  225  in bookmark staging area  220  is represented by a bookmark record  310 . Each bookmark record  310  contains a series of fields which describe certain characteristics regarding each staged bookmark  225 . These characteristics include information such as the URL of the bookmark, the parent URL or URL that was viewed just prior to the staged bookmark represented by the record, time of day the staged bookmark was added to bookmark staging area  220 , total amount of time that the web browser user has spent viewing the URL, the title of the page represented by the URL, and the icon for the web page represented by the URL. The parent URL field provides a link to the URL or world wide web page that led to the current world wide web page. Bookmark staging mechanism  123  can timestamp and update the appropriate fields in records  310  by using the system clock for system  100 . 
     While one specific embodiment of records  310  used to store information regarding the bookmarks  225  stored in bookmark staging memory  124  has been described in conjunction with FIG. 3, those skilled in the art will recognize that many variations are possible. Any suitable memory structure known to those skilled in the art will suffice to store and manage staged bookmarks  225 . Obviously, other types of information may be included in a given record  310  if desired. 
     Referring now to FIG. 4, a pop-up menu  400  which provides access to the various features of bookmark staging mechanism  123  is illustrated. As is well known to those skilled in the art, a pop-up menu can be implemented in a GUI environment. In this case, the web browser user may click and hold the right mouse button on a two-button mouse to invoke pop-up menu  400 . As shown in FIG. 4, pop-up menu  400  allows a user to add a bookmark to staging area  220 , quickly and easily promote or delete staged bookmarks and save the staged bookmarks for later access. While various functions of bookmark staging mechanism  123  are illustrated by an implementation of pop-up menu  400 , those skilled in the art will understand that the same functions can be easily implemented in other ways such as pull down menus or click and drag operations. In the most preferred embodiments of the present invention, the functions of bookmark staging mechanism  123  will be accessible via pull-down menus, pop-up menus, and click and drag operations. 
     It should be noted that bookmark staging mechanism  123  may also have more functions than those shown in pop-up menu  400 . Specifically, the most preferred embodiments of bookmark staging mechanism  123  provides for the implementation of at least the following functions: 
     click or drag on a web site URL to add it to bookmark staging area  220 ; 
     display a series of staged bookmarks  225  in bookmark staging area  220 ; 
     click or drag a staged bookmark to become a standard bookmark; 
     delete any or all staged bookmarks that are no longer considered relevant; 
     update a staged bookmark with a more relevant choice by dragging a new bookmark into bookmark staging area  220  and placing it over an existing bookmark, thereby replacing the existing staged bookmark  225  with a new staged bookmark  225 ; 
     select several sites within bookmark staging area  220  and promote all staged bookmarks  225  to an existing or new folder with a single click; 
     click on the icon portion  226  of a staged bookmark  225  to view the full window of the site; and 
     view the title of a site represented by a staged bookmark  225 . 
     This list of features should not be considered exclusive or exhaustive, but is presented to clearly identify several key features that are implemented in bookmark staging mechanism  123 . 
     Referring now to FIG. 5, a general method  500  for implementing the functionality of bookmark staging mechanism  123  is illustrated. According to the preferred embodiments of the present invention, bookmark staging mechanism  123  can be incorporated into any web browser such as web browser  122 . When web browser  122  is launched, bookmark staging mechanism  123  will be started (step  510 ). First, bookmark staging mechanism  123  will retrieve the profile of the user using web browser  122  (step  515 ). The user profile can be stored in memory  120  and retrieved based on log-in parameters, network identifiers, or other identification techniques well known to those skilled in the art. After obtaining the user profile, bookmark staging mechanism  123  will retrieve any previously staged bookmarks, if they exist (step  520 ). It is important to note that bookmark staging mechanism  123  can save staged bookmarks between browsing sessions and match previously staged bookmarks to the appropriate user by examining the user profile information obtained in step  515 . After retrieving any previously staged bookmarks, bookmark staging mechanism  123  will enter main event loop  580  for web browser  122  and will perform the various bookmark staging update and storage routines of bookmark staging mechanism  123  (step  525 ). The various capabilities and functionality of bookmark staging mechanism  123  have been introduced above and will be described in more detail in FIG. 6 below. Bookmark staging mechanism  123  will remain operational until the web browser user decides to quit web browser  122  (step  540 =YES). 
     As long as the user continues to use web browser  122  (step  540 =NO), bookmark staging mechanism  123  will remain active and web browser  122  will cycle through the step contained within main event loop  580 . As part of this process, bookmark staging mechanism  123  will sort the staged bookmarks according to the user&#39;s preferences (step  530 ). Step  530  is explained in more detail in FIG. 7 below. Standard processing (step  535 ) refers to all of the standard functions associated with web browser  122  such as scrolling, window updating, searching for new URLs, etc. 
     When the web browser user is going to quit web browser  122  (step  540 =YES), bookmark staging mechanism  123  will check bookmark staging area  220  to determine whether or not any changes have been made to staged bookmarks  225  (step  550 ). If the user has made any changes, such as promoting bookmarks, replacing staged bookmarks, etc. (step  550 =YES), then bookmark staging mechanism  123  will issue a warning to the user (step  555 ). This warning will alert the user that changes have been made and that the changes will be lost if the user does not save the staging area. The user can opt to save the altered staging area  220  (step  560 =YES) in which case bookmark staging mechanism  123  will save the changes out to memory  120 . Alternatively, the user may choose to discard the changes in which case the changes will not be saved and bookmark staging mechanism  123  will end (step  570 ). Similarly, if no changes have been made to bookmark staging area  220  (step  550 =NO), then bookmark staging mechanism  123  will simply end when the user quits web browser  122  (step  570 ). 
     Referring now to FIG. 6, step  525  from FIG. 5 is explained in greater detail. As shown in FIG. 6, bookmark staging mechanism  123  repeatedly performs a series of checks to monitor changes to bookmark staging area  220  based on the actions of the user of the web browser. First, bookmark staging mechanism  123  will determine if the user has selected a URL for viewing (step  610 ). If the user has selected a URL (step  610 =YES), then the web browser will retrieve the page associated with the URL (step  611 ). Bookmark staging mechanism  123  will highlight previously-visited URLs in one specific color (step  612 ) and highlight any URLs which are already permanent URLs in yet another color (step  613 ). These two steps will allow the user of web browser  122  to know that these highlighted URLs have already been visited and will allow the user to make better decisions about which URLs to bookmark and will also help to prevent redundant bookmarks. 
     If a selected URL is to be added to bookmark staging area  220  (step  620 =YES), then bookmark staging mechanism  123  will create a new staging structure or record  310  in memory  120  (step  621 ), create an icon to represent the selected URL (step  622 ), and add the icon to staging area  220  with the icons sorted according to a user-selectable criteria or sorting preference (step  623 ). The method for implementing the user-selectable sorting methodology is explained in conjunction with FIG. 7 below. 
     At some point during the browsing session, the user of the web browser may decide to promote one or more of the staged bookmarks to the regular bookmark menu (step  630 =YES). As is well known to those skilled in the art, bookmarks are typically stored in folders with related bookmarks being stored in the same folder. Given this option, many users prefer to arrange and organize their bookmarks in this fashion. As shown in FIG. 6, bookmark staging mechanism  123  will display a bookmark folder list (step  631 ), allowing the web browser user to select an existing folder in which to place the promoted bookmarks. The user may optionally decide to create a new folder for the promoted bookmarks (step  632 ). In any event, the user will then select the appropriate folder for the bookmarks and add the URL(s) to the selected folder (step  633 ). After the URL has been added to the appropriate folder, the URLs are removed from bookmark staging area  220  and the associated record  310  in memory  120  is deleted (step  634 ). 
     If the user drags a URL to bookmark staging area  220  (step  635 =YES), then this is interpreted by bookmark staging mechanism  123  that the URL is to become a staged bookmark  225 . Further, bookmark staging mechanism will check to see if the new URL to be added to bookmark staging area  220  is being placed onto or dropped onto an existing staged bookmark  225  (step  640 ). If it is (step  640 =YES), then bookmark staging mechanism will create a new staging structure or record  310  in memory  120  (step  641 ), create an icon to represent the selected URL (step  642 ), and replace the existing URL (step  643 ). 
     If the new URL is not placed onto an existing URL then bookmark staging mechanism will create a new staging structure or record  310  in memory  120  (step  644 ), create an icon to represent the selected URL (step  645 ), and add the icon to staging area  220  with the icons sorted according to a user-selectable criteria or sorting preference (step  646 ). 
     Finally, bookmark staging mechanism  123  will monitor the position of the cursor relative to staged bookmarks  225  in bookmark staging area  220  (step  650 ). If the user positions the cursor over a staged bookmark  225  in bookmark staging area  220  (step  650 =YES), them bookmark staging mechanism  123  will display the title of the web page associated with the icon beneath the cursor (step  651 ). This will allow the user to quickly and easily identify the various staged bookmarks  225  and return to staged bookmarks  225  that are stored in bookmark staging area  220 . As previously noted, depending on the user-configurable options, the URL of a given staged bookmark  225  could be displayed at step  651  instead of the title. 
     It should be noted that if the web browser user is not performing any of the actions depicted in FIG. 6 (steps  610 ,  620 ,  630 ,  635  and  650 =NO), then bookmark staging mechanism  123  will cycle through the other steps shown in event loop  580  of FIG.  5 . This includes determining if the user is going to quit web browser  122  (step  540  of FIG. 5) and standard processing (step  535  of FIG.  5 ). As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, using event loop  580 , bookmark staging mechanism  123  will return to step  525  and continue to process bookmarks in accordance with the event loop depicted in FIG. 6 until the user decides to quit web browser  122  (step  540 =YES). In addition, steps  621 ,  641 , and  644  all produce a timestamp which is entered into the appropriate record  310  in memory  120  for the selected URL. 
     Referring now to FIG. 7, method step  530  of FIG. 5 is further illustrated and explained. As shown in FIG. 7, staged bookmarks can be sorted by time added (step  705 ), total time viewed (step  720 ), or by parent URL (step  740 ). Even if no special sorting procedure is requested by the web browser user (step  705 ,  720 , and  740 =NO), bookmark staging mechanism  123  will still continually update the viewing time of the appropriate filed in record  310  (step  760 ) as part of completing step  530  in main event loop  580  as depicted in FIG.  5 . If the web browser specifies a specific sort, then bookmark staging mechanism  123  will set the current sort to the specified criteria (steps  710 ,  725 , or  745 ) and sort the URLs accordingly (steps  715 ,  735 , or  750 ) and update the viewing time for the appropriate bookmark. Those skilled in the art will readily recognize that the sorting criteria shown in FIG. 7 are not exhaustive and that other sorting criteria may be added as desired. 
     Referring now to FIG. 8, step  760  of FIG. 7 is explained and illustrated in greater detail. In order to update the viewing time, it is necessary for the system to determine when a user is idle and whether or not the user is viewing a URL that is maintained in bookmark staging area  220 . As shown in FIG. 8, bookmark staging mechanism  123  will first determine if the user is idle (step  820 ). The methodology for making this determination is explained in conjunction with FIG. 9 below. If the user is not idle (step  820 =NO), bookmark staging mechanism  124  will next check to see if the current URL is already located in bookmark staging area  220  (step  830 ). This can be determined by examining all records  310  contained in bookmark staging memory  124 . If the current URL is in bookmark staging area  220  (step  830 =YES), then the view time of the staged URL will be updated in the appropriate record  310  in bookmark staging memory  124 . In either case, if the user is idle (step  820 =YES); or if the user is idle and the current URL is not in staging area  820  (steps  820  and  830  both=NO), then the system will return and continue processing in main event loop  580  of FIG.  5 . 
     Referring now to FIG. 9, the method steps for step  820  of FIG. 8 are shown. As shown in FIG. 9, if there is no interaction between the viewer and web browser  122 , the system will need to determine if the user is idle. In this case, bookmark staging mechanism  123  will check to see if the system has been idle long enough to reach the predetermined idle threshold set in the system. This procedure is accomplished by obtaining the current system time from the system, subtracting the last user interaction time from the current time and comparing the result with the predetermined idle threshold time (step  920 ). If the idle time is greater than the predetermined idle threshold time (step  920 =YES), then bookmark staging mechanism will return a value of TRUE to method  800  in step  820 . Alternatively, if the idle time has not exceeded the idle threshold time (step  920 =NO), then bookmark staging mechanism will return a value of FALSE to method  800  in step  820 . Those skilled in the art will recognize that the idle threshold time can be set at whatever level is appropriate for a given system. 
     Referring now to FIG. 10, method steps  623  and  646  of FIG. 6 are explained and illustrated in greater detail. As shown in FIG. 10, if a selected URL is already a staged bookmark in bookmark staging area  220 , the URL will not be added again to bookmark staging area  220 . Instead, the selected URL will simply be highlighted. 
     Although some existing web browsers provide for the automatic continual caching of recently visited web pages in a first-in-first-out manner, no known web browser provides for the selective addition of bookmarks to a staging area and overall control of the contents of the staging area, based on user input. In addition, no web browser provides for a graphical iconic display of staged bookmarks with the ability to sort the staged bookmarks based on user preference and optionally display information regarding the staged bookmarks such as title, parent URL, time the staged bookmark was added to the staging area, total time the web page has been viewed, etc. These features, and the other features described above, provide a level of functionality that will enable web browser user to more effectively manage and utilize the bookmark capabilities of any web browser. 
     While the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to preferred exemplary embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art hat various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention.

Technology Category: g