Patent Document

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     This invention relates to FET semiconductor devices and more particularly to capacitor structures formed on FET semiconductor devices. 
     2. Description of Related Art 
     U.S. Pat. No. 5,045,899 of Arimoto for “Dynamic Random Access Memory Having Stacked Capacitor Structure” shows a DRAM in which a plurality of word-lines (WL) and a plurality of bit-lines are arranged to orthogonally intersect each other. Memory cells are arranged in a direction intersecting the bit-lines. Capacitors of the memory cells are arranged between the adjacent bit-lines. On a silicon substrate, the bit-line is formed substantially at the same height with the word-line and positioned lower than the top of the capacitor. The arrangement of the capacitors between the adjacent bit-lines allows reduction in the inter-bit-line capacitance. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 5,107,459 of Chu et al. for “Stacked Bit-Line Architecture for High Density Cross-Point Memory Cell Array” shows a DRAM semiconductor memory device. The true and complementary bit-line pairs connected to the respective memory cell arrays are formed in two metal layers, one above the other. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 5,449,934 of Shono et al. for “Semiconductor Memory Device and Process” shows a DRAM memory device with a COB (Capacitor Over Bit-line) structure with a Bitline below Capacitor arrangement. The storage capacitor contact passes through a bit-line, a drain and source can be arranged symmetrically with a word-line, like a memory cell with a bit-line below-storage-capacitor organization cell. 
     FIGS. 3A and 3B provide a comparison of prior art COB (FIG.  3 A), and CUB (FIG. 3B) designs for DRAM cells. 
     The COB design of FIG. 3A shows the bit-lines BLA below the capacitor C 1  with a high degree of coupling capacity C CA . The CUB design of FIG. 3B shows the bit-lines BLB above the capacitor C 1  with a high degree of coupling capacity C CB , roughly equivalent to coupling capacity C CA . 
     The process flow for the COB design for 8F 2  DRAM cells of Kohyama et al. is described as follows: 
     8F 2  DRAM cell with COB for 0.18 micrometer and beyond An article by Kohyama et al., “A Fully Printable, Self-aligned and Planarized Stacked Capacitor DRAM Cell Technology for 1 Gbit DRAM and Beyond”, 1997 Symposium on VLSI Technology Digest of Technical papers Paper 3A-1, pp. 17-18 (1997) describes an 0.18 micrometer DRAM technology and beyond, the cell on folded-bit-line architecture has minimum cell of 8F 2 . 
     FIGS.  1 A- 1 C show the first part of a prior art process flow of the Kohyama et al. with a plan view and cross-sectional layouts of the process flow, from isolation to self-aligned polysilicon (Poly) plug formation. 
     For simple patterns, F represents the minimum feature by a unit square of F×F dimensions, where F is the minimum feature size limited by lithography. There are several key techniques must met in order to achieve an 8F 2  cell. 1. The mask pattern must be simple to get a larger range of focus depth. 2. Self-aligned node contact to the bit-line must be realized. 3. Planarization by CMP (Chemical Mechanical Polishing) is used extensively. 
     Kohyama et al. suggests a fabrication method for a COB 8F 2  DRAM cell with all three of the above listed features as shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B. 
     1. STI Isolation 
     The first part of the prior art process is described with reference to FIGS.  1 A- 1 C for cell area, with the process starting with the well-known Shallow Trench Isolation (STI) process as shown in silicon oxide regions STI surrounding active regions AA in the silicon semiconductor substrate of device  10  which is a fragment of a semiconductor wafer. The depth of the trenches is approximately 0.2 μm. Illustrations of the process in the periphery area are not shown. 
     2. Well Formation 
     Next follows formation of an N-well in the periphery which is not shown and a P-well  11  in the silicon semiconductor substrate of device  10 . The process employed uses well known process steps for implantation of phosphorus and boron respectively in a selective process. 
     3. Transistor Gate Formation 
     Gate Oxide/Gate Stack (e.g. polysilicon/WSi 2 /Si 3 N 4  deposit) 
     Then a gate oxide layer GX with a thickness of about 60 Å (not to scale in FIG. 1B) is grown on the surface of P-well  11 . with gate oxide layer GX grown above isolation regions STI. Then polycide gate stack material layers of a first polysilicon layer  14 , tungsten silicide (WSi 2 ) layer  16  and first silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ) dielectric layer  18  are deposited. 
     Gate Stack Mask/Etch (Word Lines (WL) and transistors) 
     Then a set of transistor gate electrode stacks for word lines in an array and transistors in the periphery are defined by masking and etching to form transistor gate electrode stacks (as shown Word Lines WL 1 , WL 2 , WL 3  and WL 4  in FIGS. 1A and 1B and the layers  14 ,  16  and  18  shown in FIG.  1 B). 
     SiO 2 /Si 3 N 4  Deposition (Deposit spacer layers) 
     Next, spacer layers including a blanket layer of silicon oxide spacer layer SP and a blanket second silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ) spacer layer are deposited. 
     Peripheral Area N+, P+, S/D Mask/Implant, RTA Anneal 
     A mask is used to open the peripheral area. Then the second Si 3 N 4  spacer layer is etched to form spacers SP for the transistors in the periphery area. Please notice that the silicon nitirde (Si 3 N 4 ) spacer layer remains on the cell at this stage of the process. 
     Transistor LDD regions and source/drain regions, etc. (not shown because they are in the periphery area and are well known process steps) are defined and formed by implanting NLDD, N+, PLDD, and P+ regions selectively followed by a RTA (Rapid Thermal Anneal) annealing step for removing defects resulting from implantation steps. 
     BPSG Deposition, CMP 
     Next a BPSG glass layer BG 1  is deposited followed by a thermal reflow for the BPSG layer BG 1 . Next follows a CMP (Chemical Mechanical Polishing) step of planarizing the BPSG glass layer BG 1  surface. The CMP step will stop on the top of the second nitride (spacer) layer in the cell area. 
     4. Self-aligned polysilicon plug formation 
     SAC Mask/Etch (Stop on Silicon Nitride) 
     Next, plug holes through layer BG 1  are prepared for formation of a lower set of self-aligned polysilicon plugs PL 1  which are to be formed later. The plug holes are made by using a SAC (Self-Aligned Contact) mask, which is the same as the active area (AA) mask, but shifted one F as shown in FIG.  1 A and described by Kohyama et al. (above), and etching the BPSG layer BG 1  on those open areas of the SAC mask with a wet etchant. This wet etching step stops at the second Si 3 N 4  (spacer) layer. Notice that the SAC mask is the same as the AA mask but is shifted by one F, and the entire periphery area is protected. 
     Cell Silicon Nitride Spacer Etch (Stop on Oxide) 
     Then, the second Si 3 N 4  (spacer) layer is etched to form spacers for the cells by stopping on the silicon oxide spacer layer SP. Then the SAC contact mask photoresist is removed and the wafer  10  is cleaned. 
     NLDD Ion Implant 
     Next there is a blank NLDD ion implant for the cell node junctions shown as NLDD regions in FIGS. 1B and 1C. 
     Deposition of Doped Polysilicon and Polysilicon CMP 
     Then after a wet dip of the silicon oxide, a blanket N-type doped second polysilicon (plug) layer PL 1  covering device  10  is deposited filling the plug holes formed in the SAC Mask/Etch above. Then the doped second polysilicon layer is polished by CMP which stops at the first silicon nitride layer  18  to finish formation of plugs PL 1 . The polysilicon plugs PL 1  are now in contact with the silicon  11  beneath them and plugs PL 1  serve the function as an extension (electrically) of the silicon substrate at the node contacts and the bit-line contacts. 
     Deposition of First IPO layer 
     Next a blanket first Inter-Polysilicon, silicon Oxide (IPO) dielectric layer IP 1  is deposited over device  10 . As seen in the cross-section in FIG. 1B, layer IP 1  covers the plugs PL 1 , and the first Silicon Nitride (Si 3 N 4 ) layer  18 . As seen in the cross-section in FIG. 1C, first inter-polysilicon, silicon oxide dielectric IP 1  covers the plugs PL 1  and the BPSG layer BG 1 . 
     FIGS.  2 A- 2 C show the second part of a prior art process flow of Kohyama et al. with a plan view and cross-sectional views of the results including bit-line formation, self-aligned node capacitor formation, and the back-end process. 
     5. Bit-line (Damascene W) Formation 
     A set of bit-lines BLA are formed in openings in the first inter-polysilicon, silicon oxide dielectric layer IP 1  by a well known damascene W (tungsten) process with Si 3 N 4  spacer and capping. This initiates the second stage of the process producing results shown in FIGS.  2 A- 2 C. 
     Bitline Trough Mask/Etch 
     First, bit-line trough masking and plasma etching of silicon oxide with an end point at the polysilicon is performed to form bit-line openings in dielectric layer IP 1  including openings for bit-line contacts to the polysilicon plugs PL 1 . 
     Deposit Silicon Nitride and Etch Back 
     Then a third blank Si 3 N 4  layer is deposited and etched back to form second spacers SP 2  in the sidewalls of the bit-line openings. 
     Deposit Tungsten, CMP and Tungsten Etchback 
     Then the bit-lines BLA are formed in the bitline troughs by depositing a layer of tungsten (W) which is then planarized by a CMP process. A tungsten (W) etchback step follows leaving a gap between the surface of the device  10  and the tungsten bit-lines BLA which are recessed slightly below the surface of the first inter-polysilicon, silicon oxide dielectric layer IP 1 . Bit-lines BLA rest in the bitline troughs upon the surface of the remainder of dielectric layer IP 1 . 
     Silicon Nitride Deposition and CMP to Cap Bit Lines 
     Next a fourth Si 3 N 4  layer is deposited and planarized by a CMP process providing caps  20  over the bit-lines BLA as seen in FIG.  2 C. 
     6. Cross-point node contact formation 
     Then, a self-aligned capacitor node is formed by a technique referred to as “cross-point node contact” in Kohyama et al. formed as a node at the cross-point at the cross-point of the Word Line (WL) mask opening line and the Si 3 N 4  caps  20  over W bit-lines BLA. 
     Node Contact Mask/Etch Silicon Oxide 
     First the node contact mask (which is the same as the WL mask with the periphery area protected) is formed and contact node contact openings are formed by plasma etching down into the first inter-polysilicon, silicon oxide dielectric layer IP 1 . The etching of the node contact openings stops on the first Si 3 N 4  layer  18  and the polysilicon node, i.e. plug PL 1  and the Si 3 N 4  caps  20 . 
     Form Silicon Nitride Liner (Deposition and Etchback) 
     Next Si 3 N 4  liners  22  are formed by deposition of a Si 3 N 4  layer which is etched-back leaving liners on the walls of the node contact openings. 
     Deposit Doped Polysilicon Followed by CMP (CMP of Poly) 
     Then the node is filled with polysilicon doped with phosphorus formed into storage plugs PL 2  by the pattern of the node contact openings. Then the top surfaces of storage plugs PL 2  are planarized by a CMP process stopped on Si 3 N 4  caps  20 . The plugs PL 2  are in contact polysilicon plug PL 1  and the substrate  11  now. 
     Deposit Second IPO Layer 
     A second inter-polysilicon, silicon oxide dielectric (IPO) layer IP 2  is formed covering device  10 . Silicon oxide layer IP 2  covers polysilicon storage plugs PL 2 , first inter-polysilicon, silicon oxide dielectric (IPO) layer IP 1  and silicon nitride caps  20 . 
     7. Concave capacitor formation 
     Storage Cavity Mask/Etch (Stop on Si 3 N 4 ) 
     Then a capacitor cavity is defined by a mask followed by etching silicon oxide inter-polysilicon, silicon oxide dielectric IP 2  stopping on the Si 3 N 4  layer (caps  20 ) and exposing the surface of the storage plugs PL 2 . 
     Deposit Lower Capacitor Electrode Plate Layer and CMP 
     (e.g. Ru, or polysilicon) 
     Then, referring to FIGS. 2B and 2C, above the storage plugs PL 2 , very thin lower capacitor electrode plates are formed in electrical and mechanical contact with the upper surfaces of storage plugs PL 2 . The lower electrode plates are composed of a conductor, e.g. a doped polysilicon conductor for a Ta 2 O 5  dielectric or a Ru (Ruthenium) conductor for a BST (Barium Strontium Titanate) dielectric respectively for the capacitor. The lower conductor materials are deposited and planarized by CMP. 
     Deposit Dielectric and Plate (e.g. BST/Ru, or Ta 2 O 5 /TiN/Poly) 
     Next, the capacitor dielectric material layer  24  (e.g. Ta 2 O 5  or BST) is deposited over the lower capacitor electrode plates (above plugs PL 2 ). 
     Top Plate Mask/Etching 
     The top capacitor plate material (e.g. Ru or TiN/doped polysilicon for BST or Ta 2 O 5  respectively) is then deposited and patterned by a mask to form the top plate TP. Thus the capacitors are formed above the upper plugs PL 2  and above the top surfaces of the bit-lines BLA. 
     8. Back-end: ILD, CMP, Periphery Contacts C 3 , M 2 , Via, M 3 , Fuse, Passivation, Polyimide 
     The fabrication is completed by conventional back-end process steps (e.g. contact, M 2 , IMD, Via, M 3 , fusing, passivation, polyimide). Note that the bit-line is considered to be metal  1  (M 1 ). 
     There is a similar process flow for 8F 2  CUB DRAM cell in the Capacitor Under Bit-line (CUB) is also considered to be possible from the flow in Kohyama et al. by modifying the process sequence. The capacitor material can also be either Ta 2 O 5  or BST. Notice that the capacitor capacitance values are limited by area constraints. Thus the foot prints are the same for either COB or CUB designs, i.e. 3F 2  in FIG. 2A since the capacitor cannot be extended above or below the bit-line area but can be extended over the word-line due to the minimum feature size F. 
     Problems which require improvement are as follows: 
     1. The above-described process flow requires high aspect ratio contacts in the periphery area. The COB design requires contact in the periphery area with a high aspect ratio. The CUB design requires bit-line contact with a high aspect ratio. 
     2. The bit-line to bit-line coupling is a serious problem. 
     3. The COB or CUB design cannot increase the footprint of the capacitor since under 8F 2  cell layout, the capacitor can be extended only over the word-line area (i.e. in the X-direction in FIGS.  2 A- 2 C) but not in the bit-line area and the footprint is 3F 2 . 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The invention shows a CEB design—capacitor on the same level as the bit-line. 
     In accordance one aspect of this invention, a device with bit lines and a capacitor for a semiconductor memory device includes a gate oxide layer on a doped silicon semiconductor substrate. Gate electrode/word-line stacks are juxtaposed with doped polysilicon plugs over the gate oxide layer. The doped polysilicon plugs are separated by a first dielectric material in a direction transverse to the gate electrode/word-line stacks. A first interpolysilicon layer overlies the doped polysilicon plugs. There are bit-lines in the first interpolysilicon layer above the first dielectric material and capacitors above the plugs, between bit-lines. 
     Preferably, the capacitor comprises a thin conductive layer of doped polysilicon on the surface of the polysilicon plugs having been polished by CMP, a capacitor dielectric layer composed of Ta 2 O 5 /TiN above the thin conductive layer, and an upper plate of the capacitor composed of doped polysilicon above the capacitor dielectric layer. 
     Preferably, a dielectric layer overlies the bit-lines of a silicon nitride layer to seal the bit-lines. A second interpolysilicon layer is formed above the bit-lines. The second interpolysilicon layer has been planarized by chemical mechanical polishing. 
     Preferably, the gate electrode stacks comprise gate electrode/word-line stacks and the gate electrode stacks comprise doped polysilicon plugs. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     The foregoing and other aspects and advantages of this invention are explained and described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: 
     FIGS.  1 A- 1 C show the first part of a prior art process flow with a plan view and cross-sectional layouts of the process flow, from isolation to self-aligned polysilicon plug formation. 
     FIGS.  2 A- 2 C show the second part of a prior art process flow with a plan view and cross-sectional views of the results including bit-line formation, self-aligned node capacitor formation, and the back-end process. 
     FIGS. 3A,  3 B and  3 C provide a comparison of comparison of COB (FIG.  3 A), CUB (FIG.  3 B), and new CEB (FIG. 3C) designs in accordance with this invention for 8F 2  DRAM cells. 
     FIGS.  4 A- 4 C show the first part of the CEB (Capacitor Equal Bit-line) process flow with a plan view and cross-sectional layouts of the process flow, from isolation to self-aligned polysilicon plug formation in accordance with this invention. 
     FIGS.  5 A- 5 C show the second part of the CEB (Capacitor Equal Bit-line) process with a plan view and cross-sectional views of the results including bit-line formation, self-aligned node capacitor formation, and the back-end process in accordance with this invention. 
     FIGS.  6 A- 6 D show the invention process flow chart. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     This invention provides a new capacitor and bit-line design at the same level and its fabrication method for an 8F 2  DRAM Cell with minimum bit-line coupling noise. 
     FIGS. 3A,  3 B and  3 C are grouped to provide a comparison of COB (FIG.  3 A), CUB (FIG.  3 B), and new CEB (FIG. 3C) design in accordance with this invention for 8F 2  DRAM cells. 
     As pointed out above, the COB design of FIG. 3A shows the bit-lines BLA below the capacitor C 1  with a high degree of coupling capacity C CA . The CUB design of FIG. 3B shows the bit-lines BLB above the capacitor C 1  with a high degree of coupling capacity C CB , roughly equivalent to coupling capacity C CA . 
     The new CEB design of FIG. 3C shows the bit-lines BLC on either side of the capacitor C 3  with a low degree of coupling capacity C CA . This results in a far lower inter-bit-line coupling capacity C CC , a lower aspect ratio of contacts, and less topology. For an 8F 2  cell, the capacitor foot print area is 3F 2 , the same among all designs, since capacitors can not be extended over or under a bit-line area. 
     The new 8F 2  DRAM cell design of FIG.  3 C and its fabrication method can result in minimum bit-line coupling by fabricating the bit-line and storage capacitor at the same level, referred to as capacitor equal bit-line (CEB level for convenience), so that the bit-lines BLC are isolated and shielded by the capacitor C 3  and top plate. Only a small section of the bit-lines BLC are coupled with each other. In this way, a minimum amount of capacitance coupling C CC  can be achieved between bit-lines BLC as compared with conventional design of Capacitor Over Bit-line (COB) or Capacitor Under Bit-line (CUB) in DRAM cell design. The new fabrication method and structure result in less topology, a lower aspect ratio of the contacts, and one less mask (than the COB or CUB designs) since the node and bit-line contacts are defined simultaneously. The new CEB design and process flow is promising for future 8F 2  cells in 0.18 micrometer DRAM devices and beyond. 
     Details of the CEB design of this invention are described below. 
     (a) CEB Design: 
     The idea of CEB (as illustrated in FIG. 3C) is simply the fabrication of bit-lines BLC and storage capacitor C 3  at the same topology level, (thus referred to as Capacitor Equal Bit-line (CEB) level for convenience). 
     There are several advantages of this design, as follows: 
     1. Isolation of Bit-lines 
     The bit-lines BLC are blocked (or isolated) by capacitor walls for about 75% of the length of bit-lines BLC. Only a small section (25%) of bit-lines BLC are facing each other with silicon oxide in-between. The top plate of capacitors C 3  in FIG. 3C serves as a shielding between bit-lines BLC. In this way, a minimum capacitance coupling between bit-lines can be achieved compared with conventional capacitor over bit-line (COB) design or capacitor under bit-line design (CUB) in DRAM cell design. The CUB design results in the entire length of the bit-lines BLA facing each other without any shielding by the top plates of capacitors. The COB design also leads to large parts of the bit-lines BLB facing each other except blocked by polysilicon plug of capacitor node and also has no shielding by the top plates. 
     2. Aspect Ratios 
     Second, the CEB design results in smaller aspect ratios of both node and bit-line contacts than either COB or CUB design, simply due to capacitors and bit-lines being at the same topography level. 
     3. Simpler Process 
     The process is also simpler than COB or CUB designs as as seen by a comparison between the method of FIGS.  1 A- 1 C and FIGS.  2 A- 2 C with the method of FIGS.  4 A- 4 C and FIGS.  5 A- 5 C. 
     Fabrication Method 
     A process flow for the new CEB design on 8F 2  cell layout is summarized in FIGS.  4 A- 4 C and FIGS.  5 A- 5 C. This flow is based on many process features as described in the prior art (FIGS.  1 A- 1 C and  2 A- 2 C) except that the node and bit-line contacts are opened at the same time for the CEB design of FIGS.  4 A- 4 C and FIGS.  5 A- 5 C. As shown in FIG. 4A, the first part of process can be the same as prior art in FIGS.  1 A- 1 C. FIGS.  4 A- 4 C show the first part of the CEB (Capacitor Equal Bit-line) process flow with a plan view and cross-sectional layouts of the process flow, from isolation to self-aligned polysilicon plug formation in accordance with this invention. 
     The process is very similar or can be identical to the process of FIGS.  1 A- 1 C. In general, the CEB design has the same process flow for isolation, well formation, transistor formation, and polysilicon plug formation as in FIGS.  1 A- 1 C. 
     1. STI Isolation (1 Mask) 
     With reference to FIGS.  4 A- 4 C, the process starts with forming a mask for masking the active area AA in FIG.  4 A and as shown in step  60 A in the flow chart shown in FIG. 6A etching the silicon substrate to a thickness of about 0.2 μm deep. After removing photoresist, and cleaning, a silicon oxide layer is deposited and then planarized by a CMP process. 
     Then in step  60 B shallow silicon trenches are then filled with silicon oxide. 
     Next, in step  60 C, the device is planarized. This well known Shallow Trench Isolation (STI) process results in silicon oxide regions STI formed in a silicon semiconductor substrate  31  of device  30 . 
     In step  60 D, the AA mask is removed. 
     2. Well Formation (2 Masks) 
     Next follows formation of P-well  31  and N-well (not shown) in the silicon semiconductor substrate of device  30 , as described in steps  61 A,  61 B,  62 A, and  62 B in FIG.  6 A. 
     N-well Formation 
     An N-well mask is defined in step  61 A in FIG.  6 A. 
     Then in step  61 B, doping by ion implantation to form the N-well is performed by ion implantation is performed; and then the N-well mask is stripped from the device, after implantation. 
     P-well Formation 
     An P-well mask is defined in step  62 A in FIG.  6 A. 
     Then in step  62 B, ion implantation to form the P-well  31  defined by the P-well mask is performed in P-well  31 ; and then the P-well mask is stripped from the device, after implantation. 
     Blank V t  implant. 
     In step  63  in FIG. 6A, a blank threshold V t  implant is performed in P-well  31  and the N-well to adjust the threshold voltage V t  of the transistors formed in the device  30 . 
     3. Transistor gate formation (4 Masks) 
     Form Gate-Oxide Layer 
     Then a gate oxide layer GX with a thickness of about 60 Å for 0.18 μm DRAM technology is grown on the surface of active area AA, referring to FIG.  4 B and step  64  in FIG.  6 A. 
     Form Gate Electrode Stacks 
     (e.g. Polysilicon/TiSi 2 /Si 3 N 4  deposit) 
     Then a series of layers comprising polycide gate stack material (e.g. polysilicon/TiSi 2 /Si 3 N 4 ) are deposited, sequentially. The gate stack material layers comprise a first polysilicon layer  14 , then a titanium silicide (TiSi 2 ) gate electrode silicide layer  36  and finally a stack cap dielectric layer  18  composed of first silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ), as described in step  65  in FIG.  6 A. In the preferred method of this invention a titanium silicide (TiSi 2 ) layer  36  is used instead of the tungsten silicide (WSi) of the prior art Kohyama et al. process described above. The silicon nitride cap layer dielectric layer  18  serves as an etch stop as described below with respect to step  72 B in FIG.  6 C. 
     Gate stack masking/etching. (Word-line/peripheral area) 
     The transistor gate cells are defined by conventional gate stack mask, as described in step  66  in FIG. 6B 
     Next follows a step of etching to form gate electrode stacks for Word-Lines WL 1 -WL 4  and transistors in the periphery area (not shown) comprising gate electrode lower layers  14 , gate electrode silicide layers  36  and dielectric layers  18 , as described in step  67  in FIG.  6 B. 
     Silicon Oxide/Si 3 N 4  Deposit (for spacer) 
     Spacer layers of silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ) SP and silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ) are deposited to form spacers SP, as described in step  68  in FIG.  6 B. The silicon nitride is an etch stop as described below with respect to step  72 B in FIG.  6 C. 
     Peripheral Area Spacer Masking/Etching 
     A peripheral area spacer mask is formed and used to open the peripheral area and for etching back to form spacers SP (from the spacer layers) on the sidewalls of the gate electrode stacks WL 1 -WL 4 , as described in step  69  in FIG.  6 B. 
     Peripheral Area NLDD/N+, PLDD/P+ Masking/Implant, RTA 
     As described in step  70 A in FIG. 6B, transistors are formed by a series of steps including forming an NLDD/N+ mask which is formed over the device  30 . Next, in step  70 B ion implant NLDD, N+ regions in the substrate  31 . In step  70 C, a PLDD/P+ mask is formed over the device  30 . Next, in step  70 D ion implant PLDD, P+ regions in the substrate  31 . Then in step  70 E follows annealing of device  30  with an RTA step for removing any defects created during ion implantation. 
     BPSG deposit/Reflow/CMP 
     A blanket BPSG BoroPhosphoSilicate Glass layer BG 1  is deposited and reflowed followed by a step of CMP planarization, as described in step  71  in FIG.  6 B. 
     4. Cell (1 mask) 
     SAC Masking/Etching BPSG (stop on silicon nitride) 
     Then, as described in step  72 A in FIG. 6B, a SAC mask (shown in FIGS.  4 A). 
     Then, as described in step  72 B in FIG. 6C using the SAC mask (shown in FIGS.  4 A), openings in the blanket BPSG layer BG 1  are formed to prepare for the following steps in forming plug cavities to be filled in step  75  of FIG. 6C as described below the self-aligned polysilicon-plugs PL 1  by using a SAC mask (shown in FIGS.  4 A). The SAC mask is the same as the AA mask in the cell array area but shifted by  1 F, and the entire periphery area is protected. The BPSG etching step stops on the Si 3 N 4  layer, as described in step  72 B in FIG.  6 C. 
     Cell Si 3 N 4  Spacer Etching (Stop on the oxide layer) 
     Without stripping the SAC mask, in step  73 A in FIG. 6C, there is an etching step which patterns the remaining silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ) surrounding the gate electrode stacks to form spacers SP on sidewalls of the pass transistors (word lines). The etching stops on the silicon oxide layer. Then in step  73 B, the SAC mask is stripped from device  30 . 
     NLDD Implant 
     Then in step  74 , a blank NLDD ion implant is made to form the cell node junctions and pass transistors, as described in step  74  in FIG.  6 C. 
     Light Polysilicon Deposit Polysilicon &amp; CMP (plug formation) 
     As described in step  75  in FIG. 6C, a deposit is made of a light N-type doped polysilicon layer, forming the plugs PL 1  which fill the cavities opened in steps  72 A and  72 B within the spacers formed in step  73 . 
     Then, as described in step  76  in FIG. 6C that polysilicon layer is polished by CMP for formation of plugs PL 1 . The CMP step is performed to planarize the plugs PL 1 . 
     Deposit First Inter-Polysilicon, Silicon Oxide Dielectric Layer IP 1 ′ 
     A first interlayer, i.e. an inter-polysilicon, silicon oxide dielectric layer, IP 1 ′ is formed on the surface of the device  30  covering the plugs PL 1 , the caps  18  and the BPSG glass layer BG 1 , as described in step  77  in FIG.  6 C. The cross-sections are shown on FIGS. 4B and 4C. 
     FIGS.  5 A- 5 C show the second part of the CEB (Capacitor Equal Bit-line) process with a plan view and cross-sectional views of the results of the process in accordance with this invention. The results are shown after the second part of the process flow, layout and cross-section of new CEB process flow from bit-line and capacitor formation and back-end process. The second part of the process is simpler than the prior art process of FIGS.  2 A- 2 C as can be seen by from the description which follows. 
     5. Self-Aligned Bit-Line and Capacitor Formation (3 masks) 
     Node and Bit-Line Contact Masking/Etching 
     The capacitor node and bit-line contact mask is formed as described in step  78  in FIG. 6C over the first inter-polysilicon, silicon oxide dielectric layer IP 1 ′. 
     Next etch silicon oxide layer IP 1 ′ is etched through the capacitor node and bit-line contact mask, as described in step  79  in FIG.  6 C. 
     M 1  (TiN/W/TiN/Deposit Silicon Nitride), Bit-Line 
     Masking/Etching 
     Then, metal- 1  layers (i.e. TiN/W/TiN/Si 3 N 4 ) are deposited, where the Si 3 N 4  will be used as capping dielectric, as described in step  80  in FIG.  6 C. 
     A bit-line mask is then used for defining the bit-lines BLC, as described in step  81  in FIG.  6 D. 
     Silicon Nitride Deposition/Etching Back (Seal W bit-line) 
     Silicon Nitride Si 3 N 4  is deposited to seal the bit-lines BLC and is etched-back to form spacer layer  42  on the side walls and tops of bit-lines BLC, as described in step  82  in FIG.  6 D. As a result, the bit-lines BLC are completely sealed by Si 3 N 4  spacer layer  42 . 
     Then, as described in step  83  in FIG. 6D as shown in FIGS. 5B and 5C, a layer of silicon oxide IP 2 ′ (second inter-polysilicon, silicon oxide dielectric) has been deposited and planarized by CMP. 
     Form Storage Cavity Masking/Etching with Long Stripes 
     Then, as described in step  85  in FIG. 6D, a self-aligned capacitor cavity is opened by a mask with long stripes and etching the silicon oxide layers IP 2 ′ and IP 1 ′ stopping on Si 3 N 4 . The node polysilicon plug PL 1  is now exposed. 
     Polysilicon Deposit, SOG/Etching Back 
     Then, as described in step  86  in FIG. 6D, and as shown in FIGS. 5B and 5C, a thin layer of N-type doped polysilicon layer  46  from about 100 Å to about 300 Å thick is deposited in the cavity. In this way, the lower plate (electrode) capacitor is connected to the polysilicon plugs PL 1 . 
     Next, in step  87  in FIG. 6D, surplus portions of doped polysilicon layer  46  are planarized by a CMP step stopped on silicon oxide. Now, the thin polysilicon layer  46  is confined inside the storage cavity as the bottom electrode. 
     Alternatively a process of deposition of a SOG (Spin on Glass) layer is followed by etchback of the SOG layer and the thin polysilicon layer  46 , then to remove excess glass from the inside of capacitor cavity. Thus, the thin polysilicon layer  46  is confined inside the capacitor cavity as the bottom electrode of the capacitor. 
     Ta 2 O 5 /TiN deposit. 
     As described in step  88  in FIG.  6 D and as shown in FIGS. 5B and 5C, capacitor dielectric layers  48  (e.g. tantalum oxide/titanium nitride: Ta 2 O 5 /TiN) are deposited from about 30 Å to about 150 Å thick, with TiN layer used as a conducting electrode and seals the tantalum oxide layer (Ta 2 O 5 .) 
     Polysilicon deposit, Top plate Mask/etching. 
     Then, as described in step  89 A in FIG. 6D, and as shown in FIGS. 5B and 5C a top plate, N-type doped polysilicon layer TP′ is deposited. The top plate layer TP′ serves as the capacitor on top of the device  30 , separated from the lower plate layer  46  by capacitor dielectric layer  48 . 
     Then, as described in step  89 B in FIG. 6D, a plate masking and etching step follows to define the top plate connections. 
     6. Back end 
     A conventional back end of the line DRAM process with six masks follows as will be well understood by those skilled in the art as follows: 
     ILD/CMP; Periphery Contact, M 2 , Via, M 3 , Fuse, Passivation, Polyimide. 
     The fabrication is completed by a conventional back-end process steps (e.g. contacts, M 2  metallization, IMD, Via, M 3 , fusing, passivation). This is as described in step  90  in FIG.  6 D. 
     The new process flow for CEB design has several advantages than prior art in fabrication. The topology is reduced from prior art of COB or CUB design. There is one less mask in the new CEB design, since node and bit-line are defined at the same time. The aspect ratio of node or bit-line contact is also reduced to less than that of the prior art. The new process flow is promising for future 8F 2  cell in 0.18 micrometer DRAM and beyond and reduced bit-line coupling. 
     Notice that the bit-line contact and bit-lines also serve the purpose of the first layer of M 1  for circuits in the periphery area. Thus, the periphery area contact masking and etching steps can be eliminated. This can also be implemented to improve the prior art process flow. In this case, step  78  in FIG. 6C will include the periphery contacts. Another alternative process of bit-line formation is to use the “Damascene” process. The step  78  in FIG. 6C becomes the formation of bit-line troughs (and node contact and periphery contacts) mask. Then continue to steps  79  and  80  in which case step  79  becomes the polishing of the M 1  layers, and eliminates the bit-line masks. 
     While this invention has been described in terms of the above specific embodiment(s), those skilled in the art will recognize that the invention can be practiced with modifications within the spirit and scope of the appended claims, i.e. that changes can be made in form and detail, without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly all such changes come within the purview of the present invention and the invention encompasses the subject matter of the claims which follow.

Technology Category: h