Patent Document

RELATED PATENT APPLICATIONS 
     This application claims priority from prior U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/799,760, filed Mar. 15, 2013, entitled MULTI-NOZZLE CAM DRIVEN SPRINKLER HEAD, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein in its entirety, including the specification, drawing, and claims, by this reference. 
    
    
     STATEMENT OF GOVERNMENT INTEREST 
     Not Applicable. 
     COPYRIGHT RIGHTS IN THE DRAWING 
     A portion of the disclosure of this patent document contains material that is subject to copyright protection. The patent owner has no objection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent document or the patent disclosure, as it appears in the Patent and Trademark Office patent file or records, but otherwise reserves all copyright rights whatsoever. 
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     This invention relates to lawn sprinklers, and more particularly, to lawn sprinklers adapted for use in watering a water receiving area having a non-uniform shape. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Water sprinklers of various designs have been utilized for many years. However, many of the currently utilized sprinklers are designed to provide water over a circular area that is of relatively uniform diameter. A few designs have the ability to water over selected receiving areas that are shaped as relatively circular arc portions. One of my prior patents, namely U.S. Pat. No. 7,988,071, issued Aug. 2, 2011, for a LAWN SPRINKLER, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein in its entirety by this reference, provides designs for attacking some aspects of the problem of watering irregularly shaped parcels. 
     However, significant amounts of water are wasted due to the inability of the general public to obtain and install lawn sprinklers that are capable of watering non-uniform or irregularly shaped areas specifically and exclusively where water is needed, rather than applying a water stream relatively indiscriminately over an area that may include features where water is not required, such as driveways or sidewalks. 
     Since water is increasingly scarce and/or increasingly costly in many locales (whether as a result of increased fees from the utility provider, or as a result of energy costs for pumping, or otherwise) there remains a need for a lawn sprinkler apparatus that can reliably provide the needed water over the required area, while minimizing or eliminating the application of water to adjacent areas which do not require the application of water. 
     Thus, there remains an unmet need for an improved lawn sprinkler with suitable features and mechanical workings that would direct available water to those areas needing water, while avoiding application of water to those areas which do not require watering. 
     SUMMARY 
     A lawn sprinkler has now been developed with water distribution nozzles that are provided with water via valves that are opened and closed according to a predefined pattern. By using such a lawn sprinkler apparatus, the volume of water actually applied to a particular portion of a lawn is appropriate for the size and shape of the area that is watered, even when the water is applied over an area having a non-circular shape or irregular geometric pattern. 
     In one embodiment, the sprinkler apparatus includes a base configured to confiningly receive a pressurized water flow, and a sprinkler nozzle assembly coupled to the base for rotating movement with respect to the base. In an embodiment, the sprinkler nozzle assembly may be configured as a riser in a pop-up sprinkler, responsive to a pressurized water flow to pop-up into an operating position for discharge of water from a nozzle. However, the sprinkler may be utilized with or without a base for pop-up operation. A turbine drive mechanism is coupled to an upper housing on which a plurality of sprinkler nozzle assemblies are affixed. The drive mechanism includes water driven impeller and a gear train adapted for operatively driving the upper housing, and associated sprinkler nozzle assemblies, in rotary movement. 
     One or more cam operated valves V, and in various embodiments, a plurality of cam operated water flow valves V 1 , V 2 , V 3 , etc., are provided to regulate the water flow outward from the nozzle in a predetermined pattern consistent with the size and shape of the area to be watered. A vertically oriented cam shaft includes cam surfaces, which in an embodiment may be provided by cam elements, complementary to adjacently mounted water flow valves. In an embodiment, water flow valves are provided in a normally open position, wherein a spring urges the valve toward an open position. Thus, the cam surface urges the valve toward a closed position, by compression of the spring, until the valve is closed. 
     A water outlet nozzle is provided to deliver water in a given direction, generally in a preselected area pattern. In an embodiment, the drive mechanism may be operative to open and close the water flow valves in response to the cam mechanism, so that the water outlet nozzles only discharge water in the desired amounts in a selected direction. 
     The foregoing briefly describes a lawn sprinkler apparatus having valves to regulate the flow of water to provide a substantially uniform quantity of water per unit area of lawn, even in non-circular or irregular geometric shapes. However, the developments described herein will be more readily understood upon consideration of the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with careful examination of the accompanying figures of the drawing. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING 
       In order to enable the reader to attain a more complete appreciation of the developments described herein, such developments will be described by way of exemplary embodiments, illustrated in the accompanying drawing figures in which like reference numerals denote like elements, with respect to which mention thereof may not be repeated when using the same numbers or letters with only differing subscripts, for identical but repeated parts, or for very similar parts with only minor differences such as surface shapes of cams, which usage will be evident in the context of the specification and usage in these drawing figures, and in which: 
         FIG. 1  provides a perspective view of an embodiment for a lawn sprinkler for watering an irregular shaped lawn area, showing a plurality of nozzles, with nozzles having various diameter outlets, and showing a stationary lower housing and turbine driven upper housing in which the plurality of nozzles are mounted. 
         FIG. 2  provides a vertical cross section of an embodiment of a lawn sprinkler for watering an irregular shaped lawn area, showing a turbine driven upper housing with stationary cam shaft which holds individual cams having unique cam surfaces that open and close valves, which in turn allocate water to selected nozzles. 
         FIG. 3  provides a cross sectional diagrammatic view of a nozzle and spring loaded valve which is actuated by a cam follower, where the cam follower is moved linearly in response to the shaped surface of a cam that is mounted on a cam shaft, and further showing in this figure the spring loaded valve seated, in a closed position. 
         FIG. 4  provides a cross sectional diagrammatic view of a nozzle and spring loaded valve which is actuated by a cam follower, where the cam follower is moved linearly in response to the shaped surface of a cam that is mounted on a cam shaft, and further showing in this figure the spring loaded valve situated in an unseated, but intermediate position, as may occur during opening or closing of the spring loaded valve. 
         FIG. 5  provides a cross sectional diagrammatic view of a nozzle and spring loaded valve which is actuated by a cam follower, where the cam follower is moved linearly in response to the shaped surface of a cam that is mounted on a cam shaft, and further showing in this figure the spring loaded valve seated, in an open position, in which water may pass through the valve and outward through the nozzle. 
         FIG. 6  provides a perspective view of an embodiment for a first cam having a first shaped surface, where a first shaped surface corresponds to watering needs of a shaped parcel of land to be watered, and with the cam including a key portion to match a keyway provided in a camshaft on which the cam is mounted. 
         FIG. 7  provides a top plan view of an embodiment for a first cam having a first shaped surface, where a first shaped surface corresponds to watering needs of a shaped parcel of land to be watered, and with the cam including a key portion to match a keyway provided in a camshaft on which the cam is mounted. 
         FIG. 8  provides a perspective view of another embodiment, showing a second cam having a second shaped surface, where the second shaped surface corresponds to watering needs of a shaped parcel of land to be watered, and with the second cam including a key portion to match a keyway provided in a camshaft on which the second cam is mounted. 
         FIG. 9  provides a top plan view of another embodiment, showing a second cam having a second shaped surface, where the second shaped surface corresponds to watering needs of a shaped parcel of land to be watered, and with the second cam including a key portion to match a keyway provided in a camshaft on which the second cam is mounted. 
         FIG. 10  provides a perspective of a vertical cross-sectional view of an embodiment for a lawn sprinkler for watering an irregular shaped lawn area, showing a plurality of cams mounted on a vertical stationary cam shaft, and an annular gear for driving the upper housing, which annular gear is driven by a pinion gear, which in turn is driven by a shaft and gear train driven by a water turbine mounted at the inlet to the sprinkler. 
         FIG. 11  provides a partial perspective view of an embodiment for a lawn sprinkler for watering an irregular shaped lawn area, showing only key working parts, including a plurality of cams mounted on a vertical stationary cam shaft, with cam follower and valves leading to outlet nozzles, and also showing an annular gear for driving the upper housing (not shown), which annular gear is driven by a pinion gear, which in turn is driven by a shaft and gear train driven by a water turbine mounted at the inlet to the sprinkler. 
         FIG. 12  shows a cam shaft with three cams mounted thereon, and with a location for mounting a fourth cam, and at which lower and upper locating grooves are provided for receiving retaining clips to secure a cam at a selected location. 
         FIG. 13  shows a cross-section of a cam shaft, taken as through section  13 - 13  of  FIG. 12 , showing the cam shaft, including keyway defined by a keyway wall, and showing a retaining clip to secure a cam at a selected location. 
         FIG. 14  provides a perspective view of an embodiment for a retaining clip used to retain a cam in a desired location on a cam shaft. 
         FIG. 15  provides a perspective view of a stationary lower housing, showing a cam mounting plate with key for mating engagement with a keyway in a cam shaft to secure the cam shaft against rotation, and also showing an opening between the cam mounting plate and outer sidewalls of the stationary lower housing for upward flow of water. 
         FIG. 16  shows another embodiment for a lawn sprinkler for watering an irregular shaped lawn area, showing a plurality of nozzles, with nozzles having various diameter outlets, and showing a stationary lower housing, and a turbine driven upper housing in which the plurality of nozzles are mounted, and further providing an outer cover for the upper housing, so that only the outlets of the plurality of nozzles are visible. 
         FIG. 17  provides a vertical cross-sectional view of yet another embodiment for a lawn sprinkler for watering an irregular shaped lawn area, showing a first group of nozzles on a first side and a second group of nozzles on a second side, with various nozzles in each group having various diameter outlets as suitable for projecting water different distances, and also showing a stationary lower housing, and a turbine driven upper housing on which the first group and second group of nozzles are mounted. 
         FIG. 18  provides a vertical cross-sectional view of yet another embodiment for a lawn sprinkler for watering an irregular shaped lawn area, showing a first group of nozzles on a first side and a second group of nozzles on a second side, with various nozzles in each group having various diameter outlets as suitable for projecting water different distances, and also showing a stationary lower housing, and a turbine driven upper housing on which the first group and second group of nozzles are mounted, and further providing an outer cover for the upper housing, so that only the outlets of the plurality of nozzles are visible. 
         FIG. 19  is a plan view of a non-circular lawn area that is to be watered, preferably with a relatively uniform volume of water per square foot of lawn wherever located, via a rotating sprinkler that provides water substantially along vectors of differing radial lengths from the sprinkler, showing watering along short vectors, where the amount of water delivered along the radial vector will be decreased. 
         FIG. 20  is a plan view of the non-circular lawn area just illustrated in  FIG. 19  above, now showing watering along longer radial lengths from the rotating sprinkler, which as described herein will preferably be provided with a substantially uniform volume of water per square foot of lawn, wherever located, from the sprinkler nozzle assemblies provided on the sprinkler. 
     
    
    
     The foregoing figures, being merely exemplary, contain various elements that may be present or omitted from actual apparatus that may be constructed to provide various embodiments for covers for rotating sprinklers, or to various configurations for operation thereof, or to methods for use thereof. An attempt has been made to draw the figures in a way that illustrates at least those elements that are significant for an understanding of the components of an embodiment for useful multi-cam sprinklers as taught herein. However, various other elements for such apparatus, or for installation and use of the same, may be utilized in order to provide useful embodiments for covers for sprinklers, particularly for use on irregularly shaped water receiving parcels, according to the concepts disclosed herein. 
     In the various figures of the drawing, like features may be illustrated with the same reference numerals, without further mention thereof. Further, the foregoing figures are merely exemplary, and may contain various elements that might be present or omitted from actual implementations of various embodiments depending upon the circumstances. The features as illustrated provide an exemplary embodiment for a sprinkler that may control the amount of water provided to specific locations of a parcel of land, and to water volume applied along a radial length, at the same time, through selection of nozzle characteristics, and to regulation of the amount of water provided to such nozzles through a cam controlled valve. An attempt has been made to draw the figures in a way that illustrates at least those elements that are significant for an understanding of the various embodiments and aspects of the invention. However, various other elements of a lawn sprinkler with valve and sprinkler assembly designs, or gear train designs, especially as applied for different variations of the functional components illustrated, as well as different embodiments such as a shape of components or final design of various elements, may be utilized in order to provide a useful, reliable, lawn sprinkler design constructed according to the designs described herein, that may be useful for minimizing waste of water, and in normalizing the application rate of water (on an irrigation volume per square foot or similar basis) over areas of a lawn, particularly for irregular or other non-circular lawn shapes. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Attention is directed to  FIG. 1  of the drawing, which provides a perspective view of an exemplary sprinkler  22  for watering a non-circular, irregular shaped lawn, such as lawns illustrated in  FIGS. 19 and 20 . In  FIGS. 19 , and  20 , it can be seen that sprinkler  22  is set up to water non-circular parcel of land  24 . In such parcel  24 , it can be seen that when sprinkler  22  is watering along relatively short radials R A , R B , and R C , the amount of water is needed along such radial lengths per unit of time is not as much as would be required for the same unit of time along the longer radial lengths R D , R E , and R F  as shown in  FIG. 20 . To address this problem, we have developed a novel sprinkler  20  in which a base  28  is provided having an upper housing  30  rotatably attached thereto. In an embodiment, the upper housing  30  may be set up mechanically to rotate in a selected direction as indicated by reference arrow  32  in  FIG. 1 . As upper housing  30  rotates, the water flow rate  34  from nozzles N (see  FIG. 2 ) increases or decreases, or says constant, or stays off, as required in order to regulate, limit, or prevent water from being delivered nozzles N. For the watering of relatively short radials R A , R B , and R C  as shown in  FIG. 19 , the amount of water provided through nozzles N may be reduced, during the time that the group of nozzles N rotates through such angular direction(s). For the watering of relatively long radial lengths R D , R E , and R F , the water flow rate  34  increases, in order to provide more water to the nozzles N for watering along the relatively longer radials R D , R E , and R F . Novel construction of sprinkler  22 , which enables such metered delivery of water to a parcel of land  24  will be further described below. 
     Attention is directed to  FIG. 1 , which shows a vertical perspective view for an embodiment of sprinkler  22 . The sprinkler  22  includes a base  28 , which relative to upper housing  30  is stationary. 
     Note, however, as mentioned below and shown in  FIG. 18 , an apparatus such as sprinkler  22  may be fitted with an outer housing  22   H  surrounding upper housing  30   P , and slidingly secured in a pressurizable receiver  44  (shown in broken lines in  FIG. 18 ) that is sized and shaped to receive at least a pop-up base  28   P  therein, to vertically house and slidingly cradle the pop-up base  28   P . In such a pop-up configuration, upon pressurization by water, the base  28   P  rises vertically in the direction of reference arrows  46  from the pressurizable receiver  44 , to provide a pop-up sprinkler  22   P . Seals  48  such as o-rings and end stops  50 , and/or other working elements may be provided in a conventional manner for pop-up sprinklers, as known to those of skill in the art, and need not be further addressed herein. As seen in  FIG. 16 , and more clearly indicated in  FIG. 18 , in an embodiment, the outer housing  22 H may be cylindrical in shape. In an embodiment, the outer housing  22 H has an outer diameter OD approximately corresponding to the spacing between distal ends  51  of nozzles N in first group A and second group B of nozzles N, which are oriented at one hundred eighty degrees (180°) from each other. 
     Returning now to  FIG. 1 , a rotatable upper housing  30  is mounted on sprinkler base  28 . At least one sprinkler nozzle assembly A 1  is secured to and rotatable with the upper housing  30 . In most embodiments, a plurality of nozzle assemblies such as nozzle assemblies A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , and A 4  as shown in  FIG. 1 , will be provided. In various embodiments, nozzle assemblies may be provided in groups. For example, nozzle assemblies A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , and A 4  constitute a first or A group of nozzle assemblies. In an embodiment a group may arranged in a vertically aligned fashion, as shown in  FIG. 1 , where A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , and A 4  are located one above the other, along vertical centerline C A . In various embodiments, pressurized water may enter at the bottom inlet  56  as indicated by reference arrow W. 
     Attention is directed to  FIG. 2 , which shows a vertical cross sectional view of an embodiment for a sprinkler  22 . Pressurized water W is received at inlet  56  of lower housing  58  of base  28 . The lower housing  58  has an inner sidewall  60  that contains pressurized water W. The base  28  has an inlet turbine  62  operably fixed therein. A gear train  64  having an output gear  66  responsive to the inlet turbine  62  is provided. In an embodiment, output gear  66  is a pinion gear that drives annular gear  67  in upper housing  30 . In an embodiment, portions of the gear train  64  may be sheltered from flow of water W by a gear housing  68 . A mount  70  is supported by the base  28 , and has a receiver  71  therein sized and shaped for receiving a stationary cam shaft  72 . A stationary cam shaft  72  is affixed to the mount  70 , and extends upwardly. As visible in  FIG. 15 , the mount  70  may include a mounting key  74 , which prevents the cam shaft  72  from turning. As visible in the cross-sectional view of cam shaft  72  shown in  FIG. 13 , in an embodiment, the cam shaft  72  may be provided with an inwardly extending keyway slot  76 , which is defined by a vertically extending keyway wall  78 , seen in  FIGS. 10 and 11 . 
     The cam shaft  72  has associated therewith at least one cam surface S. In various embodiments, a plurality of cam surfaces S 1 , S 2 , S 3 , S 4 , etc., (see the seven cams in  FIGS. 17 and 18 , for example, which include S 5 , S 6 , and S 7 ) and the like are provided by cam elements E 1 , E 2 , E 3 , E 4 , (and the like) respectively. Each of cam elements E 1 , E 2 , E 3 , and F 4 , has a respective cam element thickness T. In various embodiments, the cam elements E 1 , E 2 , E 3 , and E 4 , may be detachably affixed to the cam shaft  72 . In an embodiment, as seen in  FIGS. 12 ,  13 , and  14 , a plurality of retaining clamps  80  may be provided. In such an embodiment, pairs of retention grooves  82 , are provided, spaced apart a distance G. And, pairs of retaining clamps  80  are provided. The pairs of retention grooves are spaced apart a distance G, which is approximately equal to said thickness T of cam elements E 1 , E 2 , E 3 , E 4 , (and the like). In an embodiment, one retaining clamp  80  in each pair of retaining clamps  80  is secured to the cam shaft  72  below a cam element E 1 , E 2 , E 3 , E 4 , (and the like), and one retaining clamp  80  in each pair of retaining clamps  80  is secured to the cam shaft  72  above a cam element E 1  E 2 , E 3 , E 4 , (and the like). In this manner, each of the cam elements E 1 , F 2 , E 3 , F 4 , (and the like) is secured at a selected vertical location along the cam shaft  72 . 
     In various embodiments, the cam elements E 1 , F 2 , E 3 , E 4 , (and the like) each has an inner sidewall  84 . In various embodiments, the inner sidewall  84  may have a key structure  86  therein. The key structure  86  is sized and shaped for interlocking sliding engagement with the keyway slot  78  in cam shaft  72 . Thus the key structure  86  and the keyway slot  78  cooperate to prevent the cam elements E 1 , E 2 , E 3 , F 4 , (and the like) from rotary movement. As further described elsewhere herein, each cam element E 1 , E 2 , E 3 , E 4 , (and the like) is sized and shaped to provide cam surfaces S 1 , S 2 , S 3 , S 4 , (and the like) which interact with corresponding cam followers F 1 , F 2 , F 3 , F 4  (and the like) for movement of the respective cam followers by the associated cam elements, to correlate water delivery quantity through an associated sprinkler nozzle assembly A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , A 4  (and the like) for watering a surface of a land parcel  24  having a selected size and shape. 
     The upper housing  30  is rotatably coupled to the sprinkler base  28 . the upper housing  30  is driven by the output gear  66 , which may be configured as a pinion gear, to drive an annular gear  67  inside the lower end of upper housing  30 . The upper housing  30  is configured for receiving water W from the base  28 . The upper housing  30  is provided with at least one sprinkler nozzle assembly A, which is secured to housing  30  and rotatable therewith. In most embodiments, a plurality of nozzle assemblies A will be provided, in groups of nozzle assemblies A, B, C, D, etc, wherein each group will have multiple nozzles therein. For example, a group A may have nozzles numbered from A 1  to A x , with X being a positive integer. Likewise, a group B of nozzle assemblies may be provided in a group B numbered from B 1  to B X , where X is a positive integer. In an embodiment, as noted in  FIGS. 17 and 18 , numbering of X in groups may be provided in even numbers only, or in odd numbers only, as similar number for cam elements may proceed sequentially, with both even and odd integers, as such cam elements may be configured to a single nozzle N on a side of the upper housing  30 , or multiple nozzles N on the upper housing  30 . At least one sprinkler nozzle assembly A is secured to and rotatable with the upper housing  30 . 
     As seen in  FIGS. 3 ,  4 , and  5 , in an embodiment, a sprinkler nozzle assembly A 1 , etc, may include a corresponding nozzle N 1  and a spring loaded valve V, which includes a spring  90  which biases a cam follower F 1  (similar numbering and function in other sprinkler nozzle assemblies need not be repeated) in an open direction. The cam follower F 1  includes, at its distal end  91 , a valve surface  92  for regulating or stopping flow of water W therethrough, when valve surface  92  is seated against seat  94 . More generally, the spring loaded valve V 1  and a cam follower F 1  are responsive to a cam surface S 1  to adjust the spring loaded valve V 1  between an open position wherein water passes therethrough, and a closed position wherein water flow is substantially prevented therethrough. A cam surface S 1  may regulate flow between an open position, as illustrated in  FIG. 5 , and closed position as seen in  FIG. 3 , by placing the cam follower at an intermediate position as seen in  FIG. 4 . 
     In various embodiments, the upper housing  30  may have at least a first side with a first group of nozzles N provided thereat, such as group A as noted in  FIG. 1  or  17 . And, in an embodiment, the upper housing may also have a second side with a second group of nozzles N thereon, such as group B as noted in  FIGS. 17 and 18 . Likewise, further groups such as a group C of nozzles N, or a group D of nozzles N, may be provided. More generally, the upper housing may have a plurality of sizes, such as X sides, wherein X is a positive integer, and wherein a group of sprinkler nozzle assemblies is provided on each of said X sides. 
     As seen by comparing  FIG. 1  and  FIG. 2 , in a group of sprinkler nozzle assemblies, nozzles N are provided having a selected outlet diameter D. The selected outlet diameter D may vary amongst nozzles in any group of sprinkler nozzle assemblies A, B, etc., as dictated by water delivery requirements for the particular service to the land parcel  24 . In an embodiment, such outlet diameters D may have diameters D 1 , D 2 , D 3 , D 4  as shown in  FIG. 2 , wherein such diameters D are increasingly smaller at increasing mounting heights. Or, as shown in  FIG. 1 , diameters D may be configured to be increasingly smaller at decreasing mounting heights. When sprinkler nozzle assemblies are mounted in groups A, B, etc., such groups may be mounted in vertically aligned arrays, one above the other. More generally, nozzles N in each sprinkler nozzle assembly A may have nozzle diameters D selected to deliver water a selected range of radial distances R from the sprinkler  22 , for watering a surface of a land parcel  24  having a selected size and shape. Yet more generally, the nozzles N in sprinkler  22  each have nozzle diameters D, which in co-operation with the groups of sprinkler nozzle assemblies A, B, C, etc. and with associated cam elements E, deliver a selected volume of water along a selected radial for a radial distance R from the sprinkler  22 , for watering a surface of a land parcel  24  having a selected size and shape. 
     Lawn  24  may be irrigated using a lawn sprinkler  22  as described herein in order to water the irregularly shaped lawn while minimizing or substantially eliminating watering of areas beyond the perimeter  25  of the lawn  24 . Further, in one embodiment, a relatively uniform volume of water per unit area (e.g., gallons per square foot of lawn  24  in a given period of time, or alternate measurement such as inches of rainfall equivalent over the irrigated area in a given period of time) may be provided to lawn  24 , using sprinkler  22 , or its pop-up type sprinkler equivalent,  22   P . 
     It is to be appreciated that the various aspects, features, structures, and embodiments of a lawn sprinkler with flow regulator for substantially uniform delivery of water on a volume per square foot of lawn as described herein is a significant improvement in the state of the art. The lawn sprinkler design is simple, reliable, and easy to use. Although only a few exemplary aspects and embodiments have been described in detail, various details are sufficiently set forth in the drawing figures and in the specification provided herein to enable one of ordinary skill in the art to make and use the invention(s), which need not be further described by additional writing. 
     In the foregoing description, numerous details have been set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the disclosed exemplary embodiments for providing lawn sprinklers for watering irregularly shaped parcels. However, certain of the described details may not be required in order to provide useful embodiments, or to practice selected or other disclosed embodiments. Further, the description may include, for descriptive purposes, various relative terms such as surface, adjacent, proximity, near, on, onto, and the like. Such usage should not be construed as limiting. Terms that are relative only to a point of reference are not meant to be interpreted as absolute limitations, but are instead included in the foregoing description to facilitate understanding of the various aspects of the disclosed embodiments. Various items in the apparatus and in the method(s) described herein may have been described as multiple discrete items, in turn, in a manner that is most helpful in understanding such aspects and details. However, the order of description should not be construed as to imply that such items or sequence of operations are necessarily order dependent, or that it is imperative to fully complete one step before starting another. For example, the choice of where and how to mount a set of nozzles, or selection of outlet diameters of such nozzles, may be determined by a particular parcel to be watered, and may be different as regards installation particulars amongst various situations, for example, depending on water pressure available, and the amount of water desired to be directed to the parcel. Further, certain details of installation may not need to be performed in the precise or exact order of presentation herein. And, in different embodiments, one or more items may be performed simultaneously, or eliminated in part or in whole while other items may be added. Also, the reader will note that the phrase “an embodiment” has been used repeatedly. This phrase generally does not refer to the same embodiment; however, it may. Finally, the terms “comprising”, “having” and “including” should be considered synonymous, unless the context dictates otherwise. 
     Various aspects and embodiments described and claimed herein may be modified from those shown without materially departing from the novel teachings and advantages provided by developments described herein, and may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. Embodiments presented herein are to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive or limiting. This disclosure is intended to cover methods and apparatus described herein, and not only structural equivalents thereof, but also equivalent structures. Modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teachings. Therefore, the protection afforded to this invention should be limited only by the claims set forth herein, and the legal equivalents thereof.

Technology Category: 1