Patent Document

This application is a divisional application of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/183,849 entitled METHOD OF PROTECTING A BOND LAYER IN A SUBSTRATE SUPPORT ADAPTED FOR USE IN A PLASMA PROCESSING SYSTEM, filed on Jul. 19, 2005, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,431,788, the entire contents of which is hereby incorporated by reference. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     Since the mid-1960s, integrated semiconductor circuits have become the primary components of most electronics systems. These miniature electronic devices may contain thousands of the transistors and other circuits that make up the memory and logic subsystems of microcomputer central processing units and other integrated circuits. The low cost, high reliability and speed of these chips have led them to become a ubiquitous feature of modem digital electronics. 
     The fabrication of an integrated circuit chip typically begins with a thin, polished slice of high-purity; single-crystal semiconductor material substrate (such as silicon or germanium) called a “wafer.” Each wafer is subjected to a sequence of physical and chemical processing steps that form the various circuit structures on the wafer. During the fabrication process, various types of thin films may be deposited on the wafer using various techniques such as thermal oxidation to produce silicon dioxide films, chemical vapor deposition to produce silicon, silicon dioxide, and silicon nitride films, and sputtering or other techniques to produce other metal films. 
     After depositing a film on the semiconductor wafer, the unique electrical properties of semiconductors are produced by substituting selected impurities into the semiconductor crystal lattice using a process called doping. The doped silicon wafer may then be uniformly coated with a thin layer of photosensitive, or radiation sensitive material, called a “resist.” Small geometric patterns defining the electron paths in the circuit may then be transferred onto the resist using a process known as lithography. During the lithographic process, the integrated circuit pattern may be drawn on a glass plate called a “mask” and then optically reduced, projected, and transferred onto the photosensitive coating. 
     The lithographed resist pattern is then transferred onto the underlying crystalline surface of the semiconductor material through a process known as etching. Vacuum processing chambers are generally used for etching and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of materials on substrates by supplying an etching or deposition gas to the vacuum chamber and application of a radio frequency (RF) field to the gas to energize the gas into a plasma state. 
     A reactive ion etching system typically consists of an etching chamber with an upper electrode or anode and a lower electrode or cathode positioned therein. The cathode is negatively biased with respect to the anode and the container walls. The wafer to be etched is covered by a suitable mask and placed directly on the cathode. A chemically reactive gas such as CF 4 , CHF 3 , CClF 3 , HBr, Cl 2  and SF 6  or mixtures thereof with O 2 , N 2 , He or Ar is introduced into the etching chamber and maintained at a pressure which is typically in the millitorr range. The upper electrode is provided with gas hole(s) which permit the gas to be uniformly dispersed through the electrode into the chamber. The electric field established between the anode and the cathode will dissociate the reactive gas forming plasma. The surface of the wafer is etched by chemical interaction with the active ions and by momentum transfer of the ions striking the surface of the wafer. The electric field created by the electrodes will attract the ions to the cathode, causing the ions to strike the surface in a predominantly vertical direction so that the process produces well-defined vertically etched side walls. 
     The etching reactor electrodes may often be fabricated by bonding two or more dissimilar members with mechanically compliant and/or thermally conductive adhesives, allowing for a multiplicity of function. In a number of etching reactors having a bond line or layer between two members, including electrostatic chuck systems (ESC) where the active ESC component is bonded to a supporting base, or multiple bond layers incorporating an electrode and/or heating element or assembly, the bond line or layer can be exposed to reaction chamber conditions, and is subject to etch out. Accordingly, there is a need to prevent erosion of the bond line or layer, or at least slow the rate sufficiently, such that an extended and acceptable operational lifetime is obtained for the electrode and its associated bond layer during use in semiconductor etching processes without noticeable degradation to the performance or operational availability of the plasma processing system. 
     SUMMARY 
     In accordance with one embodiment, a method of protecting a bond layer in a substrate support adapted for use in a plasma processing system, comprises: attaching an upper member of a substrate support to a lower member of a substrate support; applying an adhesive to an outer periphery of the upper member and to an upper periphery of the lower member; positioning a protective ring around the outer periphery of the upper member and the upper periphery of the lower member; and machining the protective ring to a final dimension. 
     In accordance with another embodiment, a method of protecting a bond layer in a plasma processing system, comprises: attaching an upper member to a lower member, the upper member having a heating arrangement laminated to a lower surface of the upper member; applying an adhesive to an outer periphery of the upper member and to an upper periphery of the lower member; positioning a fluorocarbon polymer material ring around the outer periphery of the upper member and the upper periphery of the lower member; and machining the fluorocarbon polymer material ring to a final dimension. 
     In accordance with a further embodiment, a method of protecting a bond layer comprises: attaching an upper member to a lower member; expanding a fluorocarbon polymer material ring to a diameter greater than an outer diameter of the upper member; and shrink fitting the protective ring around the bond line. 
     In accordance with a further embodiment, a method of protecting a bond layer, the method includes the steps of: bonding an upper member to a lower member; expanding an inner diameter of a protective ring to a diameter greater than an outer diameter of the upper member; and shrink fitting the protective ring around the bond line. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  shows a cross-sectional view of a processing chamber suitable for plasma etching semiconductor substrates. 
         FIG. 2  shows a perspective view of an upper member and lower member of an electrode assembly. 
         FIG. 3  shows a perspective view of the upper member bonded to the lower member. 
         FIG. 4  shows a cross sectional view of a portion of the upper member bonded to the lower member according to  FIG. 3 . 
         FIG. 5  shows a perspective view of a protective ring prior to installation around the upper member and lower member. 
         FIG. 6  shows a perspective view of the protective ring of  FIG. 5  positioned around a bond line between the upper and the lower members. 
         FIG. 7  shows a perspective view of a portion of the electrode assembly of  FIG. 6 , along line  7 - 7 , including the protective ring positioned around the bond layer. 
         FIG. 8  shows a perspective view of a portion of the electrode assembly of  FIG. 7 , wherein the protective ring has a groove machined into an upper surface of the ring. 
         FIG. 9  shows a cross sectional view of a portion of the electrode assembly as shown in  FIG. 8  including the groove within the ring. 
         FIG. 10  shows a perspective view of a portion of the electrode assembly after machining to a final dimension. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       FIG. 1  shows a cross-sectional view of a plasma reactor  10  for etching substrates. As shown in  FIG. 1 , the reactor  10  includes a plasma processing chamber  12 , an antenna disposed above the chamber  12  to generate plasma, which is implemented by a planar coil  16 . The RF coil  16  is typically energized by an RF generator  18  via a matching network (not shown). Within chamber  12 , there is provided a gas distribution plate or showerhead  14 , which preferably includes a plurality of holes for releasing gaseous source materials, e.g., the etchant source gases, into the RF-induced plasma region between the showerhead  14  and a semiconductor substrate or wafer  30 . It can be appreciated that the top of the chamber  12  can be designed to replace the showerhead  14  with various types of plasma generating sources such as capacitive coupled, inductive coupled, microwave, magnetron, helicon, or other suitable plasma generating equipment, wherein the showerhead is a showerhead electrode. 
     The gaseous source materials may also be released from ports built into the walls of chamber  12 . Etchant source chemicals include, for example, halogens such as Cl 2  and BCl 3  when etching through aluminum or one of its alloys. Other etchant chemicals (e.g., CH 4 , HBr, HCl, CHCl 3 ) as well as polymer forming species such as hydrocarbons, fluorocarbons, and hydro-fluorocarbons for side-wall passivation may also be used. These gases may be employed along with optional inert and/or nonreactive gases. If desired, the chamber  12  can include additional plasma generating sources (e.g., one or more inductively-coupled coils, electron-cyclotron resonance (ECR), helicon or magnetron type). 
     In use, a wafer  30  is introduced into chamber  12  defined by chamber walls  32  and disposed on a substrate support or electrode assembly  100 , which acts as a lower second electrode, or cathode. It can be appreciated that this lower electrode or electrode assembly can be a bottom electrode of a capacitively coupled plasma reactor or a bottom electrode of an inductively coupled or microwave powered plasma reactor. The wafer  30  is preferably biased by a radio frequency generator  24  (also typically via a matching network). The wafer  30  can comprise a plurality of integrated circuits (ICs) fabricated thereon. The ICs, for example, can include logic devices such as PLAs, FPGAs and ASICs or memory devices such as random access memories (RAMs), dynamic RAMs (DRAMs), synchronous DRAMs (SDRAMs), or read only memories (ROMs). When the RF power is applied, reactive species (formed from the source gas) etch exposed surfaces of the wafer  30 . The by-products, which may be volatile, are then exhausted through an exit port  26 . After processing is complete, the wafer  30  can be diced to separate the ICs into individual chips. 
     The plasma exposed surfaces of any plasma confinement apparatus (not shown), chamber wall  32 , chamber liner (not shown) and/or showerhead  14  can be provided with a plasma sprayed coating  20  with surface roughness characteristics that promote polymer adhesion. In addition, plasma exposed surfaces of the substrate support  28  can also be provided with a plasma sprayed coating (not shown). In this manner, substantially all surfaces that confine the plasma will have surface roughness characteristics that promote polymer adhesion. In this manner, particulate contamination inside the reactor can be substantially reduced. 
     It can be appreciated that the reactor  10  can also be used for oxide etch processes. In oxide etch processing, the gas distribution plate is a circular plate situated directly below the window which is also the vacuum sealing surface at the top of the reactor  10  in a plane above and parallel to a semiconductor substrate or wafer  30 . The gas distribution ring feeds gas from a source into the volume defined by the gas distribution plate. The gas distribution plate contains an array of holes of a specified diameter which extend through the plate. The spatial distribution of the holes through the gas distribution plate can be varied to optimize etch uniformity of the layers to be etched, e.g., a photoresist layer, a silicon dioxide layer and an underlayer material on the wafer. The cross-sectional shape of the gas distribution plate can be varied to manipulate the distribution of RF power into the plasma in the reactor  10 . The gas distribution plate material is made from a dielectric material to enable coupling of this RF power through the gas distribution plate into the reactor. Further, it is desirable for the material of the gas distribution plate to be highly resistant to chemical sputter-etching in environments such as oxygen or a hydro-fluorocarbon gas plasma in order to avoid breakdown and the resultant particle generation associated therewith. 
     An exemplary parallel-plate plasma reactor  10  that can be used is a dual-frequency plasma etch reactor (see, e.g., commonly-owned U.S. Pat. No. 6,090,304, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety). In such reactors, etching gas can be supplied to a showerhead electrode  14  from a gas supply and plasma can be generated in the reactor by supplying RF energy at different frequencies from two RF sources to the showerhead electrode and/or a bottom electrode. Alternatively, the showerhead electrode  14  can be electrically grounded and RF energy at two different frequencies can be supplied to the bottom electrode. 
       FIG. 2  shows a perspective view of a substrate support comprising an electrode assembly  100  according to one embodiment. The electrode assembly  100  comprises an upper member  110  attached to a lower member  120 . The electrode assembly  100  is adapted to be situated within a process chamber of a semiconductor wafer processing system such as, for example, a plasma processing chamber as shown in  FIG. 1 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 2 , in one embodiment, the upper member  110  comprises an upper plate  112  having a lower flange  114  at the base of the plate  112 . The upper member  110  is preferably a circular plate; however, the upper member  110  can be configured in other suitable shapes or designs, such as rectangular for flat panel displays. The upper member  110  comprises a lower surface  116  adapted to be bonded to a lower member  120  and an upper surface  118  configured to be bonded to a substrate support member  190  ( FIG. 10 ). 
     The upper member  110  preferably consists of an electrode comprised of a metallic material, such as aluminum or an aluminum alloy. However, the upper member  110  can be comprised of any suitable metallic, ceramic, electrically conductive and/or dielectric material. In addition, the upper member  110  preferably has a uniform thickness from the center to the outer edge or diameter thereof. 
     The lower member  120  is preferably a circular plate having an upper surface  126  and lower surface  128 . However, it can be appreciated that the lower member  120  can be configured in suitable shapes other than circular. The upper surface  126  is adapted to bond to the lower surface  116  of the upper member  110 . In one embodiment, the lower member  120  can be configured to provide temperature control (e.g., the lower member  120  can include fluid channels therein through which a temperature controlled liquid can be circulated) to the electrode assembly  100 . In an electrode assembly  100 , the lower member  120  is typically a substrate base plate, of metallic material, and serves as a substrate, a mechanical support, a vacuum seal, isolating the chamber interior from the environment surrounding the chamber, thermal heat sink, RF conductor or combination thereof. 
     In another embodiment, the upper surface  126  of the lower member  120  further comprises a raised plate in the form of a pedestal  124 . The pedestal  124  has a uniform thickness and is configured to support the lower surface  116  of the upper member  110 . The pedestal  124  is preferably machined or otherwise formed into an upper surface  125  of the lower member  120 . However, other suitable methods of manufacturing can be implemented. 
     The lower member  120  preferably comprises an anodized aluminum or aluminum alloy. However, it can be appreciated that any suitable material, including metallic, ceramic, electrically conductive and dielectric materials can be used. In one embodiment, the lower member  120  is formed from an anodized machined aluminum block. Alternatively, the lower member  120  could be of ceramic material with one or more electrodes located therein and/or on an upper surface thereof. 
     The outer diameter of the lower flange  114  of the upper member  110  is preferably less than the outer diameter of the lower member  120 . However, it can be appreciated that the outer diameter of the lower flange  114  can be equal to or greater than the outer diameter of the lower member  120 . In addition, if the lower member  120  further includes pedestal  124 , the outer diameter of the lower flange  114  of the upper member  110  is preferably less than the outer diameter of the pedestal  124  of the lower member  120 . The lower flange  114  is adapted to receive a protective ring  150 . The outer diameter of the upper member  110  is preferably smaller than the lower flange  114  for ease of positioning the protective ring  150  around the outer periphery of the lower flange  114 . The difference in the outer diameter of the upper member  110  and the lower flange  114  allows for clearance of the protective ring during positioning of the protective ring  150 . It can be appreciated that the lower flange  114  is optional and the upper member  110  can be designed without a lower flange  114 . 
       FIG. 3  shows a perspective view of the upper member  110  bonded to the lower member  120 . As shown in  FIG. 3 , a bond layer  130  bonds the upper member  110  to the lower member  120 . The bond layer  130  is preferably formed from a low modulus material such as an elastomer silicone or silicone rubber material. However, any suitable bonding material can be used. It can be appreciated that the thickness of the bond layer  130  can vary depending on the desired heat transfer coefficient. Thus, the thickness thereof is adapted to provide a desired heat transfer coefficient based on manufacturing tolerances of the bond layer. Typically, the bond layer  130  will vary over its applied area by plus or minus a specified variable. Typically, if the bond layer is at most 1.5 percent plus or minus the thickness thereof, the heat transfer coefficient between the upper and lower member  110 ,  120  will be uniform. 
     For example, for an electrode assembly  100  used in the semiconductor industry, the bond layer  130  preferably has a chemical structure that can withstand a wide range of temperatures. Thus, it can be appreciated that the low modulus material can comprise any suitable material, such as a polymeric material compatible with a vacuum environment and resistant to thermal degradation at high temperatures (e.g., up to 500° c.). However, these bond layer material(s) are typically not resistant to the reactive etching chemistry of semi-conductor plasma processing reactors and must, therefore, be protected to accomplish a useful part lifetime. 
       FIG. 4  shows a cross sectional view of a portion of the electrode assembly  100  having an optional heating arrangement  132  bonded to the lower surface  116  of the upper member  110 . The heating arrangement  132  can comprise a laminate border to the lower surface  116  of the upper member  110 . For example, heating arrangement  132  can be in the form of a foil laminate comprising a first insulation layer  134  (e.g., dielectric layer), a heating layer  136  (e.g., one or more strips of electrically resistive material) and a second insulation layer  138  (e.g., dielectric layer). 
     The first and second insulation layers  134 ,  138  preferably consist of materials having the ability to maintain its physical, electrical and mechanical properties over a wide temperature range including resistance to corrosive gases in a plasma environment such as Kapton® or other suitable polyimide films. The heating layer  136  preferably consists of a high strength alloy such as Inconel® or other suitable alloy or anti-corrosion and resistive heating materials. 
     In one embodiment, the upper member  110  comprises a heating element  132  in the form of a thin laminate comprising a first insulation layer  134  of Kapton®, patterned together and a heating element  136  of Inconel®, and a second insulation layer  138  of Kapton bonded to the lower surface  116  of the upper member  110 . Typically, the heating element  132  in the form of a laminate of Kapton, Inconel and Kapton will be between about 0.005 to about 0.009 of an inch and more preferably about 0.007 of an inch thick. 
     As shown in  FIG. 4 , the lower surface  116  of the upper member  110  and/or the heating element  132  is bonded to the upper surface  126  of the lower member  120 . In one embodiment, the lower surface  116  of the upper member  110 , which comprises the lower flange  114  of the upper member  110 , has an outer diameter, which is slightly less than the outer diameter of the upper surface  126  of the lower member  120  or pedestal  124  of the lower member  120 . In one embodiment, the electrode assembly  100  can include a bond layer  130  of silicone between the upper member  110  and the lower member  120  of between about 0.001 to about 0.050 of an inch thick and more preferably about 0.003 to about 0.030 of an inch thick. 
     In addition, as shown in  FIG. 4 , an adhesive is applied at locations  140  to attach a protective ring  150  ( FIG. 5 ) to an outer periphery (lower vertical surface)  142  of the lower flange  114  of the upper member  110  and an upper periphery  126  (horizontal upper surface) of the lower member  120 . As shown in  FIG. 4 , the adhesive is applied to the outer periphery  142  of the upper member  110  and to an upper periphery  144  of the lower member  120 . The adhesive preferably consists of an epoxy or other suitable adhesive material that can be used in environments directly exposed to plasma. The adhesive forms a seal extending between and securing the protective ring  150  to the upper and lower members  110 ,  120 . It can be appreciated that the protective ring  150  can be locked into place or secured to the upper and lower members  110 ,  120  by additional features such as grooves or slots. 
     The protective ring  150  preferably is constructed of a polymer such as a fluorocarbon polymer material such as Teflon® (PTFE-PolyTetraFluoroEthylene, manufactured by DuPont®). However, any suitable material including plastic or polymeric materials, Perfluoroalkoxy (PFA), fluorinated polymers, and polyimides can be used. The protective ring  150  is preferably comprised of a material having a high chemical resistance, low and high temperature capability, resistance to plasma erosion in plasma reactor, low friction, and electrical and thermal insulation properties. 
       FIG. 5  shows a perspective view of the protective ring  150  prior to installation or positioning of the ring  150  around the outer periphery  142  of the upper member  110  and the upper periphery  144  of the lower member  120 . The protective ring  150  preferably consists of a fluorocarbon polymer material ring, which is heat expanded prior to installation. A temperature-controlled oven, hot plate or other suitable method can perform the heating of the protective ring  150 . The heating of the protective ring  150  expands the protective ring  150  for ease of installation, to improve the adhesive properties of the protective ring  150  and shrink fitting of the protective ring  150  around the outer periphery  142  of the upper member  110 . 
     In addition, it can be appreciated that the protective ring  150  is preferably heated to a desirable temperature based on the thermal expansion and operating temperatures experienced by the protective ring  150  during processing of semiconductor substrates supported on the upper member  110 . For example, in one embodiment, based on the thermal expansion properties and operating temperature of a fluorocarbon-based polymer, such as Teflon®, the protective ring  150  made of Teflon is preferably exposed to a temperature of 60° C. or less. However, the material of each protective ring  150  will have a preferable temperature range for thermal expansion. Thus, the heating of the ring  150  will be chosen based on the selected material and operating temperature cycle in the chamber. 
     In addition, it can be appreciated that the protective ring  150  can be preheated, chemically treated, and/or include plasma treating to create an irregular or rough surface, to improve the adhesive qualities of the protective ring  150 . The pretreatment can improve adhesion of the ring to the upper and lower members and/or condition the plasma exposed surfaces to improve adhesion to polymer by-product build-up thereon during use thereof in a plasma reactor. 
       FIG. 6  shows a perspective view of the protective ring  150  of  FIG. 5  positioned around the outer periphery  142  of the upper member  110 . As shown in  FIG. 5 , the protective ring  150  is positioned around the bottom vertical periphery  142  of the upper member  110  and to the upper periphery  144  of the lower member  120 . The curing or shrink fitting of the protective ring  150  shrinks the ring  150  towards its original shape and secures the ring  150  via a compression (shrink) fit to the upper and lower members  110 ,  120 . 
     In one embodiment, a fluorocarbon-based polymer protective ring  150 , such as Teflon is preferably heated to a temperature of at less than 60° C. The protective Teflon ring  150  is preferably heated to approximately 50 to 60° C. and more preferably to approximately 60° C. The heating of the protective ring  150  before installation allows for ease of placement of the protective ring  150  around the upper and lower members  110 ,  120 . 
     In addition, in one embodiment, the adhesive at locations  140  is in the form of an epoxy, which is cured to a fluorocarbon-based polymer protective ring  150  at a temperature of approximately 90 to 110° C., and more preferably at approximately 100° C. 
       FIG. 7  shows a perspective view of a portion of the electrode assembly  100  of  FIG. 6 , along line  7 - 7 , including the ring  150  that protects bonding layer  130  and heating element  132 . As shown in  FIG. 7 , the electrode assembly  100  comprises the heating element  110 , the lower member  120 , a bond layer  130 , an adhesive layer at location  140  and a protective ring  150 . The adhesive layer  140  is preferably an epoxy, an acrylic, elastomer or other suitable material having physical properties adapted to withstand the operating temperature ranges in which the assembly  100  is likely to experience. 
     In one embodiment, the adhesive layer  140  in the form of an epoxy is positioned on the outer periphery  142  of the upper member  110  and to an upper periphery  144  of the lower member  120 . As shown in  FIG. 7 , the protective ring  150  preferably includes an inner and outer chamfered lower surface  151 ,  152 . The inner and outer chamfered lower surface  151 ,  152  allow the lower edge of protective ring to sit flush on the lower member  120 . In addition, the inner chamfered surface  151  provides a volume or area for epoxy to help secure the protective ring  150  to the outer periphery  142  of the upper member  110  and the upper periphery  144  of the lower member  120 . The outer chamfered lower surface  152  enables machining of the protective ring  150  without interruption of the integrity of the lower member  120 . 
       FIG. 8  shows a perspective view of a portion of the electrode assembly  100  of  FIG. 7  after machining of the heating element  110 , the lower member  120  and the protective ring  150 . As shown in  FIG. 8 , the upper member  110 , the lower member  120  and the protective ring  150  are preferably machined to a uniform diameter. 
     Optionally, in a further embodiment as shown in  FIG. 8 , the protective ring  150  can include a groove  160  machined or otherwise formed into an upper or top surface  170  of the protective ring  150 . The groove  160  is preferably machined into the protective ring  150  after the protective ring  150  is positioned around the outer periphery  142  of the upper member  110 . Alternatively, the groove  160  can be machined into the protective ring  150  before installation or positioning of the ring  150  around the outer periphery  142  of the upper member  110 . The groove  160  can be filled with adhesive to thereby improve adhesion between the upper member  110  and the protective ring  150  with the wafer overlying support member  190 . 
       FIG. 9  shows a cross sectional view of the electrode assembly  100  after machining of the protective ring  150 . As shown in  FIG. 9 , the groove  160  preferably has a square cross section with an equal width  174  and height  176 . For example, for a 200 mm diameter electrode assembly  100  having an outer diameter  172  of 7.726 inches, the protective ring  150  preferably has a groove  160  having a width  174  of 0.010 inches and a height  176  of 0.010 inches. However, it can be appreciated that the width  174  and depth  176  of the groove  160  can have any desired cross sectional shape. For square grooves, the dimensions of the groove  160  including the width  174  and depth  176  can vary depending on the diameter or size (i.e., 200 mm, 300 mm, etc.) of the electrode assembly  110 , specified for the diameter of the wafer to be processed. 
       FIG. 10  shows a perspective view of a portion of the electrode assembly  100  after machining to a final width dimension. As shown in  FIG. 10 , a wafer or substrate support member  190  is bonded to the upper surface  118  of the upper member  110 . The wafer support member  190  preferably consists of a ceramic or an electrically conductive material such as a planar silicon (e.g., single crystal silicon), graphite or silicon carbide electrode disc having uniform thickness from the center to the outer edge thereof. 
     As shown in  FIG. 10 , the support member  190  can also include a chamfered outer edge  192 . The support member  190  (plastic) is preferably bonded to the upper surface  118  of the heating element  110  with another bond layer  180 . The bond layer  180  is preferably a low modulus material such as silicone or silicone rubber. The bond layer  180  preferably has a chemical structure that can withstand a wide range of temperature extremes, and can include polymeric materials compatible with a vacuum environment and resistant to thermal degradation at high temperatures. 
     It can be appreciated that the methods and apparatus described herein can be applied to various electrode assemblies  100  including both 200 mm (7.87402 inches) and 300 mm (11.811 inches) diameter electrode assemblies  100 . For example, the protective ring  150  for a 200 mm electrode assembly  100  will comprise an original protective ring  150  having an inner diameter at room temperature of approximately 193.802 mm (7.63 inches), an expanded ring inner diameter (at 60° C.) of approximately 194.818 mm (7.67 inches) and a shrink ring fit diameter at room temperature of approximately 194.564 mm (7.66 inches). For a 300 mm diameter electrode assembly  100 , the original protective ring  150  inner diameter at room temperature will be approximately 292.608 mm (11.52 inches), an expanded ring inner diameter (at 60° C.) of approximately 293.878 (11.57 inches) and a shrink ring fit diameter at room temperature of approximately 293.624 mm (11.56 inches). 
     For example, a fluorocarbon-based polymer protective ring  150  for a 200 mm electrode assembly  100  will expand approximately 0.889 mm (0.035 inches) when heated to 60° C., with a fluorocarbon-based polymer protective ring  150  for 300 mm diameter electrode assembly  100  expanding approximately 1.3462 mm (0.053 inches) when heated to 60° C. 
     In a preferred embodiment, the electrode assembly  100  is an electrostatic chuck (ESC) useful for clamping substrates such as semiconductor wafers during processing thereof in a vacuum processing chamber for semiconductor fabrication, e.g., a plasma reactor such as a plasma etch reactor. The ESC can be a mono-polar or a bi-polar design. The electrode assembly  100 , however, can be used for other purposes such as clamping substrates during chemical vapor deposition, sputtering, ion implantation, resist stripping, etc. 
     It can be appreciated that the electrode assembly  100  can be installed in any new processing chamber suitable for plasma processing semiconductor substrates or used to retrofit existing processing chambers. It should be appreciated that in a specific system, the specific shape of the upper member  110 , the lower member  120  and the support plate  190  may vary depending on the arrangement of chuck, substrate and/or others. Therefore, the exact shape of the upper member  110 , the lower member  120  and the support plate  190  as shown in  FIGS. 2-10  are shown for illustration purposes only and are not limiting in any way. 
     Although the present invention has been described in connection with preferred embodiments thereof, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that additions, deletions, modifications, and substitutions not specifically described can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Technology Category: h