Patent Document

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    None. 
       STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT 
       [0002]    None. 
       REFERENCE TO SEQUENTIAL LISTING, ETC. 
       [0003]    None. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0004]    1. Field of the Invention 
         [0005]    The present invention relates to an imaging system, and more particularly, to a method and apparatus for scanning images such as a document. 
         [0006]    2. Description of the Related Art 
         [0007]    In recent years, the use of computers for home and business purposes has increased significantly. Computer systems typically include a computer, a monitor, a scanner or all-in-one device, a fax machine, and a printer. Users frequently employ such systems for scanning, modifying, and/or creating various documents. The documents may include personal greeting cards, photographs, pamphlets, flyers, brochures, business presentations, business cards, and other personal or business related documents. Such documents are usually reproduced on a substrate or medium using a personal or business printer, and distributed to various recipients, such as family or friends, or individual business consumers in many different markets around the world. Document imaging apparatuses, such as scanners or all-in-one devices, are often used in this environment to produce electronic files of photographs and other documents. Users typically want to scan a document as quickly as possible. 
         [0008]    Typical imaging systems employ a contact image scan bar to scan a document. A row of monochrome sensors is used that is as wide as the page being scanned. A scan line is illuminated using a sequence of red, green, and blue exposures. The line scanner moves continuously while the image information is read and a captured image is created. The continuous movement of the scan bar and sequential reading of the scan lines in different colors often results in color misregistration in the captured image. The artifact from this misregistration is often referred to as color fringing or color misregistration. Color fringing or color misregistration is very clearly seen in images that contain high spatial frequency content, such as text or line pairs. Color fringing evidences itself as rainbow colored outlines along horizontal edges. Users always prefer a faster scan of a document, so there is a tendency to increase the speed at which a document is scanned. The faster the scan bar moves, however, the more pronounced the defect or misregistration becomes visible. Current contact image scan bar systems are unable to eliminate color fringing, and the defect or misregistration is considered to be inseparable from the design. 
         [0009]    One suggested method of reducing, but not eliminating, color fringing in a contact image scanner (CIS) has been the use of three rows of sensors in a type of scanner known as a trilinear contact image scanner. Each row of a trilinear scanner has a color filter, i.e., red, green, and blue, applied to the sensors. The image is illuminated using a white light source, such as Cold-Cathode Fluorescent Tube (CCFT), or by multiple LED&#39;s. Trilinear scanners reduce color fringing or misregistration along horizontal edges, but do not eliminate such artifacts. Additionally, such scanners suffer from defects. Trilinear scanners exhibit increased color misregistration when a document is scanned at higher speeds. Further, trilinear scanners are more expensive than other scanners because of the high costs of the materials used to construct them. Sensors are often 40% or more of the cost of a contact image scan bar. Since a trilinear scanner utilizes three rows of sensors, the material costs are three times the cost of a scanner with a single scan bar. This, of course results in a significant increase in the cost of a scanner. The data from trilinear scanners must be read out quickly and broken into smaller, parallel data streams for processing. The data are then fed to an analog front end with twelve or more analog channels. The analog front end is complicated and expensive as a result of the circuitry needed to process numerous analog channels of data. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0010]    In accord with the present invention, an imaging apparatus comprises a light source for illuminating the document, a plurality of pixel sensors for generating a signal in response to light incident thereon, a lens for focusing light from the light source reflected from the document onto the plurality of pixel sensors, a color matrix filter disposed between the pixel sensors and the light reflected from the document, and a circuit for processing the signal from the plurality of pixel sensors to generate the digital image of the document. 
         [0011]    Further in accord with the present invention, a method for creating a digital image of a document having a length dimension comprises the steps of providing a plurality of pixel sensors for generating a signal in response to light incident thereon, projecting light from a light source onto the document in a sequential fashion along the length dimension thereof, reflecting the light projected onto the document onto the plurality of pixel sensors, filtering the light from the light source with a color matrix filter, and processing the signal from the plurality of pixel sensors to generate the digital image of the document. 
         [0012]    Still further in accord with the present invention, an image scanner for scanning a document comprises a light source for illuminating the document, a plurality of pixel sensors for generating a signal in response to light incident thereon, a lens for focusing light from the light source reflected from the document onto the plurality of pixel sensors, a color matrix filter disposed between the pixel sensors and the light reflected from the document, and a digital circuit for processing the signal from the plurality of pixel sensors to generate a digital image of the document. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0013]    The above-mentioned and other features and advantages of this invention, and the manner of attaining them, will become more apparent and the invention will be better understood by reference to the following description of embodiments of the invention taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein: 
           [0014]      FIG. 1  is a perspective view of a scanning device in accord with the present invention. 
           [0015]      FIG. 2  is a cutaway perspective view of the scanning device of  FIG. 1  with a document being scanned. 
           [0016]      FIG. 3A  is a depiction of a Bayer pattern color matrix filter used in an embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0017]      FIG. 3B  is a depiction of an RGB pattern color matrix filter used in an embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0018]      FIG. 4A  is a schematic depiction of a prior art scan bar scanning an image showing color fringing due to misregistration of the scanned image. 
           [0019]      FIG. 4B  is a schematic depiction of a scan bar scanning an image showing color fringing due to misregistration of the scanned image. 
           [0020]      FIG. 5  is a schematic of a conversion circuit used in a scanner in accord with the present invention. 
           [0021]      FIG. 6A  is a depiction of an image produced by a prior art scanner. 
           [0022]      FIG. 6B  is a depiction of an image produced by an embodiment of the present invention. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0023]    It is to be understood that the invention is not limited in its application to the details of construction and the arrangement of components set forth in the following description or illustrated in the drawings. The invention is capable of other embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways. Also, it is to be understood that the phraseology and terminology used herein is for the purpose of description and should not be regarded as limiting. The use of “including,” “comprising,” or “having” and variations thereof herein is meant to encompass the items listed thereafter and equivalents thereof as well as additional items. Unless limited otherwise, the terms “connected,” “coupled,” and “mounted,” and variations thereof herein are used broadly and encompass direct and indirect connections, couplings, and mountings. In addition, the terms “connected” and “coupled” and variations thereof are not restricted to physical or mechanical connections or couplings. 
         [0024]    Turning to the drawings, and initially to  FIGS. 1 and 2  thereof, there is depicted an image forming apparatus  10 . The image forming apparatus  10  may be an electrophotographic device, scanner, copier, fax, all-in-one device, or multi-functional device. The image forming apparatus  10  scans a document  12  placed on a scanner glass  14  and generates a digital representation of an image of the document  12 . The illustrated embodiment employs a contact image scanner (CIS), wherein a light source  16 , a rod lens array  18 , and an array of pixel sensors  20  are disposed on a frame  22  and comprise a scan bar  24 . The array of pixel sensors  20  may be photovoltaic sensors. A color matrix filter  26  is disposed on top of the array of pixel sensors  20 . 
         [0025]    The light source  16 , in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, may be a white light source such as white LED&#39;s, a cold cathode fluorescent lamp (CCFL), Xenon lamps, or an RGB LED source in which all three color LED&#39;s are used in the on condition. 
         [0026]    The light source  16 , the rod lens array  18 , and the array of pixel sensors  20  move from the top of the document  12  to the bottom thereof by means of a gear train and stepper motor (not shown). The array of pixel sensors  20  are arranged in a single array that spans the width of the document  12  to be scanned. The array of rod lenses  18  are positioned above the array of pixel sensors  20  and focus an image of the object on the glass  14  (i.e., the document  12  positioned in the glass plane image), onto the array of pixel sensors  20 . The light source  16  projects light onto the document  12 . The array of rod lenses  18  focuses light reflected from the document  12  onto the array of pixel sensors  20 . The array of pixel sensors  20  generates a signal in the form of a voltage level corresponding to the amount of light to which the array of pixel sensors  20  is exposed. 
         [0027]    As noted hereinbefore, the array of pixel sensors  20  is covered, masked or filtered with a color matrix filter  26  over a collector surface thereof. The color matrix filter  26  comprises red, green, and blue color filters in a predetermined sequence. In one embodiment, as illustrated in  FIG. 3A , the sequence is R, G, B, R, G, B, etc. In one preferred embodiment, it may be that of a Bayer color matrix filter such as the one depicted in  FIG. 3B , and have the sequence B, G, R, G, B, G, R, G, etc. The Bayer color matrix filter pattern is 50% green, 25% red, and 25% blue, and is commonly used in digital camera sensors. Other sequences will be suggested to those of skill in the art. 
         [0028]    When a white light source  16  is used to expose the document  12 , the pixel sensors of the array  20 , as covered by the color matrix filter  26 , are exposed at the same moment in time and “see”, or receive a signal of, the same pixel of the document  12  being scanned. Once the array of pixel sensors  20  is exposed to the light from the light source  16 , the analog voltage level for each of the sensors in the array of pixel sensors is clocked out from the scan bar  24 . The pixel sensors in the array  20  generate analog signals representing scanned pixels from each line of the document  12 . The color matrix filter  26  is applied to each pixel in sequential order. For example, when the color matrix filter  26  is an RGB filter, the pixels are, sequentially, Red, Green, Blue, Red, Green, Blue, etc. 
         [0029]      FIG. 4A  schematically depicts the misregistration that occurs as a document  12  is scanned by a prior art scanner. Each line of the document  12  is scanned sequentially three (3) times by red, green or blue colored light, respectively, as represented by the lines  1   r ,  1   g ,  1   b ,  2   r ,  2   g ,  2   b  . . . and detected by pixel sensors. The overlapping red, blue and green rectangles, representing red, green and blue pixels  28 ,  30 ,  32  of a scanned line are superimposed as indicated in the overlapping rectangular area  34 . The superimposition of the pixels  28 ,  30 ,  32  generates the misregistration or fringing exhibited in an image of the letter “O”  36 , and this occurs because the red, green and blue pixels  28 ,  30 ,  32  overlap in both the vertical and horizontal dimensions. It will be appreciated from  FIG. 4A  that the image of the letter “O”  36  has an upper color fringe  36   a  of a red color, a lower color fringe  36   b  of a blue color, and a black area  36   c  where the scans overlap. As noted hereinbefore, the upper and lower color fringes  36   b ,  36   a  are artifacts or fringes left by the scanning process. 
         [0030]      FIG. 4B  schematically depicts the misregistration that occurs as a document  12  is scanned by the image forming apparatus  10  of the present invention. Each line  1 ,  2 ,  3 ,  4 ,  5 ,  6 , . . . of the document  12  is scanned one (1) time by white light and detected by an array of pixel sensors  20 . The overlapping red, blue and green rectangles, representing red, green and blue pixels  38 ,  40 ,  42  of a scanned line  1 ,  2 ,  3 , . . . , are superimposed as indicated in the overlapping rectangular area  44 . It will be appreciated that the pixels  38 ,  40 ,  42  overlap in only the horizontal direction, and not the vertical direction, because each line  1 ,  2 ,  3 , . . . is scanned only one time. The superimposition of the pixels  38 ,  40 ,  42  generates the misregistration or fringing exhibited in an image of the letter “O”  46 . It will be appreciated from  FIG. 4B  that the image of the letter “O”  46  has a left color fringe  46   a  of a red color, a right color fringe  46   b  of a blue color, and a black area  46   c  where the scans overlap. It will be appreciated that the color fringe areas  46   a ,  46   b  are much smaller than the prior art color fringe areas  36   a ,  36   b , and that the color fringe areas  46   a ,  46   b  are positioned horizontally with respect to the image of the letter “O”, and not vertically as in the prior art scan. 
         [0031]    Turning now to  FIG. 5 , an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC)  100  is disclosed wherein an analog signal S, representing the analog pixels B 0 , G 0 , R 0 , B 1 , G 1 , R 1 , . . . B n , G n , R n , from the array of pixel sensors  20 , is clocked as an input signal to an analog to digital converter and analog front end  102 . The analog to digital converter  102  applies a digital offset (or gain) to each pixel value B 0 , G 0 , R 0 , B 1 , G 1 , R 1 , . . . B n , G n , R n , and then converts the analog signal S to a 16 bit digital signal D, (B 0   0 , . . . B 0   15 , B 1   0 , . . . B 1   15 , . . . BN 0 , . . . BN 15 , G 0   0 , . . . G 0   15 , G 1   0 , . . . G 1   15 , . . . GN 0 , . . . GN 15 , R 0   0 , . . . R 0   15 , R 1   0 , . . . R 1   15 , . . . RN 0 , . . . RN 15 .) The digital signal D is then clocked into a digital multiplexing circuit  104 . The digital multiplexing circuit  104  may be another application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) with data sorting capabilities, or alternatively, an external multiplexer. The digital multiplexing circuit  104  multiplexes the digital signal D into three (3) color channels CH 0 , CH 1 , and CH 2 , corresponding to red, green, and blue color planes. The three (3) color channels CH 0 , CH 1 , and CH 2  (R 0   1  . . . R 0   15 , G 0   1  . . . G 0   15 , B 0   1  . . . B 0   15 , . . . RN 1  . . . RN 15 ) are stored in a random access memory (RAM)  106  for further digital processing. 
         [0032]      FIG. 6A  illustrates an image  200  of the letter “O” as scanned by a prior art scanner such as a trilinear scanner. The image  200  on the left represents the scanner operating at a slow speed, while the image  202  on the right represents the scanner operating at a higher speed. It will be appreciated from  FIG. 6A  that the color fringing or misregistration of the images  200 ,  202  is much greater when the scanner is operated at the higher speed. In particular, the area of misregistration identified by a red area  200   a  is much smaller than the area of misregistration identified by a red area  202   a . Similarly, the area of misregistration identified by a blue area  200   b  is much smaller than the area of misregistration identified by a blue area  202   b . The black areas, where the scans overlap, are indicated by the reference numerals  200   c  and  202   c.    
         [0033]      FIG. 6B  illustrates an image  204  of the letter “O” as scanned by an image forming apparatus  10  in accord with the present invention at the same speed as the image  200  of  FIG. 6A . An image  204  on the left represents the image forming apparatus  10  operating at a slow speed, while an image  206  on the right represents the image forming apparatus  10  operating at a higher speed. It will be appreciated from  FIG. 6B  that the color fringing or misregistration of the images  204 ,  206  is the same as when the image forming apparatus  10  is operated at the higher speed. In particular, the area of misregistration identified by a red area  204   a  is the same as the area of misregistration identified by a red area  206   a . Similarly, the area of misregistration identified by a blue area  204   b  is the same as the area of misregistration identified by a blue area  206   b . It will also be appreciated that the areas of misregistration  204   a ,  204   b ,  206   a , and  206   b  from image forming apparatus  10  of the present invention are much smaller than the areas of misregistration  200   a ,  200   b  of the prior art scanner. The black areas, where the scans overlap, are indicated by the reference numerals  204   c  and  206   c.    
         [0034]    It will be further appreciated that an image forming apparatus  10  in accord with the present invention presents a superior solution to the color misregistration inherent in contact image scanning. Further, a practical embodiment of the present invention is much more cost effective than prior art trilinear devices. Still further, a practical embodiment of the present invention permits a document to be scanned at a much higher speed than prior art devices, and yet produces a superior result. 
         [0035]    In one practical embodiment, a high-resolution scan bar was used that was capable of performing scans of 2400 pixels per inch (ppi) to 4800 ppi. The image forming apparatus  10  provided scans, at any speed, that were nearly free of any color misregistration defect at the most desirable scan modes of 300 ppi and 600 ppi. 
         [0036]    At the present time, scan bar resolutions are much higher than digital camera resolutions. For example, a 10 mega-pixel digital camera, when imaging A4/letter sized media, has approximate equivalent pixel density of a 300 ppi scan bar. Scan bar line sensors are presently available up to 9600 ppi, which would be the equivalent of 8.5 giga-pixel digital camera. Adding a color filter array to a high-resolution scan bar would result in a high-resolution image that exceeds that of a digital camera. The filter array can be a one dimensional Bayer pattern or possibly a simple RGB pattern. 
         [0037]    Several methods may be employed to process the RGB data from the scan bar  24 . The illustrated embodiment uses a simple interpolation method, but a person of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that additional methods employing pixel lumping, averaging, area averaging, down sampling, and combinations thereof may also be used. The methods and algorithm choices depend on content, speed, and quality requirements of a specific application, and will not be detailed herein. 
         [0038]    It will be appreciated that the disclosed use of the color matrix filter  26  and the array of pixel sensors  20  pose issues with color misregistration that are constant regardless of the speed at which the image of the document  12  is captured. In one practical embodiment, the misregistration was seen to be very small, approximately less than ¼ of a pixel. It will be appreciated that algorithms to improve on the amount of misregistration can also be employed to produce even higher quality images. 
         [0039]    The invention, in one practical embodiment, provides a high-speed color document scanner using a low cost CIS type scanner and other known components. Sensor manufacturers have the capability of supplying arrays of pixel sensors  20  with color filters thereon, as such is a common practice on digital camera sensors. In addition, there are numerous third party suppliers who supply arrays of pixel sensors with color matrix filters superimposed thereon. 
         [0040]    It will be appreciated that prior art contact imaging scanners have color fringing or misregistration on the horizontal lines, that is, in the direction of motion of the scan bar, and that the color fringing or misregistration increases in magnitude as the speed of the scan-bar increases. In an image forming apparatus  10  in accord with the present invention, with a one-dimensional Bayer pattern and interpolation, any artifacts are found in the vertical position, and are a function of the selected interpolation algorithm. It will be appreciated that the magnitude and severity of the misregistration or color fringing is constant regardless of the speed at which the scan bar  24  moves across the document  12 , and thus permits the image forming apparatus  10  to scan a document  12  at a much higher speed than a prior art scanner. 
         [0041]    The foregoing description of embodiments of the invention has been presented for purposes of illustration. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise steps and/or forms disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims appended hereto.

Technology Category: h