Patent Document

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates to the field of injection molding. More particularly, the invention relates to an insulator that covers part of the exterior of a hot runner nozzle, or to the nozzle tip on the end of the injection molding machine injection unit. The insulator is held onto the nozzle or nozzle tip by a removable fastening structure. 
     2. Description of the Related Art 
     Insulators are used to thermally insulate the heated tip or nozzle housing of a hot runner nozzle assembly from the surrounding cooled gate insert of a mold cavity. U.S. Pat. No. 4,662,837 to Anderson (incorporated herein by reference) shows such an insulator assembly. FIGS. 3-5 inclusive show an insulator assembly comprising two elements 41 and 42 that thermally insulate the housing end 15 from the gate insert 20. The insulators are typically made of a high temperature resistant, resilient material such as “Vespel”. The insulators occupy the space that would otherwise be filled with a resin “bubble”, well known in the art. If the resin being processed tends to degrade over time and it is allowed to form the insulating bubble around the tip the degraded resin eventually is drawn into each part being molded causing unsatisfactory properties and appearance. It is therefore essential that the insulating function of the bubble be performed by some material other than the resin being processed if it is thermally sensitive or if plastics of differing colors are to be processed and errant color streaks are undesirable. 
     The insulators in the &#39;837 patent are not fastened to the housing and when the housing is separated from the gate insert they could remain in the insert 20. The insulators must then be removed for cleaning or replacement prior to reassembly of the housing, and this removal can be time consuming and problematic because it requires dismantling the mold. This process is not conducive to making repairs in a production environment. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 5,208,052 to Schmidt et al. (incorporated herein by reference) shows another insulator construction that surrounds a heated tip of a hot runner nozzle assembly. FIG. 2 shows insulator 32 surrounding tip 31 and extending toward the gate sufficiently to displace most of the bubble in the gate area. The insulator 32 is made of titanium and separated from both the tip 31 and cooled gate area 22 by air gaps on either side. The insulator is threaded onto the nozzle housing 30 and retains tip 31 in said housing by means of the contact area 50. The tip must seal against the bubble wall to prevent resin leaking behind it and occupying the air gap space. Sealing is effected by seal 34 in combination with deflection of the insulator leg pressing between the tip at 50 and the bubble wall. This design has the disadvantage of being relatively costly and titanium is not as effective as a thermal insulator as “Vespel”. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 5,639,490 to Travaglini is an example of a means to prevent a hot runner nozzle tip from loosening while in operation. An axially elongated bridging key arrangement is used to lock the nozzle tip to the nozzle housing. 
     Co-pending U.S. application Ser. No. 09/170,054 to Jenko (incorporated herein by reference) shows a two piece insulator that surrounds the tip. An inner titanium sleeve is surrounded by an outer “Vespel” sleeve and the assembly is slid over the tip and held in place by the bubble shape in the gate area. Releasably fastening the insulator to the tip is not taught. 
     It is therefore desirable to have an effective thermal insulator that can be easily attached and removed from the nozzle tip to facilitate ease of maintenance during production operations. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     It is an object of the invention to create a fastening structure for removably fastening an insulator to a nozzle tip, in order to overcome the drawbacks of conventional methods of attaching insulators to nozzles and nozzle tips. 
     To this end, one aspect of the present invention comprises an apparatus for removably fastening an insulator to an injection molding nozzle tip that has a receiving detent. The fastening structure engages the nozzle tip receiving detent and holds the insulator onto the nozzle tip. The fastening structure may be moved between a first position where the insulator is fastened to the nozzle tip, and a second position where the insulator is removable from the nozzle tip. 
     In another aspect of the present invention, a fastening device for removably attaching an insulator to an injection molding nozzle tip comprises an engaging structure and a fastening structure removably coupleable to the engaging structure. 
     According to another aspect of the present invention, an insulator device for an injection molding nozzle tip comprises an insulator for thermally insulating the nozzle tip, and a coupling structure for removably attaching the insulator to the nozzle tip. 
     Yet another aspect of the present invention is directed to an injection molding device that comprises a mold having an opening and a nozzle assembly for contacting the opening. The nozzle assembly further comprises a nozzle tip through which molten material passes and a nozzle tip insulator for thermally insulating the nozzle tip. The insulator includes a coupling structure for removably coupling the insulator to the nozzle tip. 
     A further aspect of the present invention is directed toward providing a method of removably attaching an insulator to an injection molding nozzle tip. The method comprises the steps of placing an insulator over the nozzle tip and biasing an engaging structure to cause the insulator to become removably coupled to the nozzle tip. 
     Another aspect of the present invention is directed to an assembly tool for attaching an insulator to an injection molding nozzle tip. The assembly tool comprises a retaining structure for holding the insulator, and a deflecting structure for attaching the insulator to the nozzle tip. The deflecting structure deflects a coupling structure in the insulator, positions the coupling structure in the insulator over a nozzle tip receiving detent corresponding to the coupling structure, and releases the coupling structure in the insulator, causing the coupling structure in the insulator to become removably attached to the nozzle tip receiving detent. 
     An additional aspect of the present invention is directed to a removal tool for removing an insulator from an injection molding nozzle tip. The removal tool comprises a retaining structure for holding the insulator, and a deflecting structure for removing the insulator, where the deflecting structure deflects a coupling structure in the insulator, detaching the coupling structure in the insulator from a nozzle tip receiving detent corresponding to the coupling structure, thereby releasing the insulator from the nozzle tip. 
     The invention is described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 a  is a cross-sectional view of a “Snap On” insulator assembly including a nozzle tip insulated by an insulator. FIGS. 1 b - 1   d  are three-dimensional views of the nozzle tip and attached insulator. 
     FIG. 2 a  is a cross-sectional view of a “Snap On” insulator assembly tool including a nozzle tip insulated by an insulator. FIGS. 2 b - 2   d  are three-dimensional views of the nozzle tip and attached insulator and assembly tool. 
     FIG. 3 a  is a cross-sectional view of a “Snap On” insulator removal tool including a nozzle tip insulated by an insulator. FIGS. 3 b - 3   d  are three-dimensional views of the nozzle tip and attached insulator and removal tool. 
     FIGS. 4 a - 4   d  are cross-sectional views of an insulator assembly with retaining clip version “A”. 
     FIGS. 5 a  and  5   a ′ comprise cross-sectional views of a hot tip nozzle assembly with retaining clip version “B”. 
     FIG. 5 b  is a cross-sectional view of a Vespel insulator (outer sleeve) for a version “B” retaining clip. 
     FIG. 5 c  is a cross-sectional view of a titanium insulator (inner sleeve) for a version “B” retaining clip. 
     FIGS. 5 d ′ and  5   d ″ comprise [FIG. 5 d  is a] plan and cross-sectional views of a retaining clip for Version “B”. 
     FIG. 5 e  is a cross-sectional view of a one piece nozzle housing for retaining clip version “B”, without an attached insulator. 
     FIG. 5 f  is a cross-sectional view of a one piece nozzle housing assembly with retaining clip version “B”, showing the attached insulator. 
     FIG. 6 a  is a cross-sectional view of a valve gate nozzle assembly and insulator with retaining clip version “B”. 
     FIGS. 6 b ′,  6 B″,  6   b ″′, and  6   b ′″′ comprise plan and cross-sectional views of a titanium insulator (inner sleeve) for version “B”. 
     FIG. 6 c  is a cross-sectional view of a Vespel insulator (outer sleeve) for version “B”. 
     FIGS. 7 a - 7   c  are cross-sectional and three-dimensional views of a flat retaining clip version “B”. 
     FIGS. 8 a - 8   c  are cross-sectional and three-dimensional views of a wire retaining clip version “B”. 
     FIGS. 9 a - 9   c  are cross-sectional and three-dimensional views of a square-sectioned retaining clip version “B”. 
     FIGS. 10 a - 10   b  are cross-sectional views of an alternate set screw embodiment, showing the socket used to tighten the set screws. 
     FIGS. 11 a - 11   c  are three-dimensional views of an alternate bayonet embodiment, showing the insulator and nozzle tip. 
     FIGS. 12 a - 12   c  are cross-sectional views of an alternate thread and flats embodiment, showing the insulator, nozzle tip, and flats. 
     FIGS. 13 a - 13   e  are cross-sectional views of an alternate snap ring embodiment, showing the insulator, nozzle tip, and snap rings. 
     FIG. 14 is a schematic block diagram showing first and second hot runner units connected by a nozzle. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     The first embodiment of the invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 a - 1   d.  These figures show an improvement of the two piece insulator disclosed in co-pending U.S. application Ser. No. 09/170,054, wherein the improvement consists of a “snap-on” detent feature on the inner piece that allows the insulator to be removably attached to the tip. FIG. 1 a  shows a hot runner tip  1  having an insulator assembly  2 ′ comprising an inner piece  2  and an outer piece  3  attached thereto. The outer piece is held in place on the inner piece by a shoulder  5  and a lip  6 . The insulator assembly is “snapped” onto the tip by deflecting the inner piece&#39;s flange  4  over the protruding lip  7  of the hot runner tip so that the flange  4  moves into groove  8  machined on the tip. 
     FIGS. 1 b - 1   d  are additional three-dimensional views of the nozzle tip with the insulator removably attached thereon. The inner piece is a conductive material capable of withstanding high temperatures without deforming, cracking, or otherwise deteriorating. The preferred material for the inner piece may be, or include, titanium. The outer piece is an insulating material that is also capable of withstanding high temperatures without deforming, cracking, or otherwise deteriorating. The preferred material for the outer piece may be, or include, Vespel. An alternate version of this insulator style, not shown, is a one-piece insulator made of or including an elastic, heat-resistant material such as Vespel comprising both the inner and outer shapes into one item having the same external dimensions as the two-piece insulator it replaces. The one-piece insulator is attached to the tip  1  in the same fashion, i.e. “snapping” over the flange  7  into groove  8 . 
     It is to be understood that in the context of the present invention, the term nozzle or nozzle tip may be used interchangeably, and may refer to either of a nozzle tip for a hot runner application, or a nozzle tip on the end of an injection molding machine&#39;s injection unit that is coupled to a mold sprue bushing. Insulators that can be removably attached to either type of injection molding nozzle tip are considered useful and within the scope of the present invention, which should not be limited to one application or the other. 
     It is to be further understood that the present invention should not be limited only to the use of hot runner nozzles with molds. The present invention includes the use of hot runner nozzles that are installed as extensions between machine injection units and inlets to mold hot runners, which are outside the mold structure. As shown in the block diagram of FIG. 14, the hot runner nozzle tip  1402  may form a connection between hot runner structures  1404 ,  1406 , or between an injection machine nozzle and a heating channel for conveying melted materials. Insulators that can be removably attached to hot runner nozzle tips used in any setting are considered useful and within the scope of the present invention, which should not be limited to the use of hot runner nozzles with molds. 
     An assembly tool for use with the insulator shown in FIGS. 1 a - 1   d  and described above is illustrated in FIGS. 2 a - 2   d.  The assembly tool aids with the assembly of the insulator and nozzle tip using the “snapping” action of the first embodiment. The assembly tool  20  is designed to securely hold the insulator  2  while properly positioning the insulator over the hot runner nozzle tip  1  in order to releasably attach it to the nozzle tip. Pressure is applied to the assembly tool  20  in a direction parallel to and toward the nozzle tip, causing the flange  4  of the insulator to deflect over the protruding lip  7  of the hot runner nozzle tip, moving the flange  4  into the groove  8  on the nozzle tip, causing the insulator to become releasably attached to the nozzle tip. 
     Although it is possible to attach the insulator of the present invention to the nozzle tip without the use of an assembly tool, it is advantageous to use the tool of FIGS. 2 a - 2   d  to attach the insulator so that it is applied to the hot runner nozzle tip in such a way that a proper attachment is formed without placing unnecessary pressure on the tip, which may cause damage, and without causing excessive wearing of the flange  4 , protruding lip  7 , and groove  8 . Thus, the functional life of both the nozzle tip and the insulator are extended by use of an assembly tool. 
     The assembly tool is preferably made of a material that can be machined to fit the dimensions of the nozzle tip and insulator while remaining strong and durable for repeated use in attaching insulators to tips that may or may not be at an elevated temperature. Such materials may include, but are not limited to, metal (such as steel), heat-resistant plastic, and fiberglass. 
     A disassembly or removal tool for use with the insulator shown in FIGS. 1 a - 1   d  and described above is illustrated in FIGS. 3 a - 3   d.  To aid with the disassembly of this “snapping” action releasable attachment, a removal tool  30  is used. The disassembly tool  30  is designed to securely hold the insulator  2  while deflecting arms  31  are positioned under the insulator. When pressure is applied to the disassembly tool  30  in a direction parallel to and away from the inujection molding nozzle tip, the deflecting arms  31  cause the flange  4  of the insulator to be pulled out of the groove  8  and over the protruding lip  7  on the nozzle tip, causing the releasably attached insulator to become unattached from the nozzle tip, allowing easy removal. 
     Although it is possible to remove the insulator from the nozzle tip without the use of a removal tool, it is advantageous to use the tool of FIGS. 3 a - 3   d  to remove the insulator so that the insulator is removed in such a way that no damage or excessive wearing of any of the nozzle tip, the insulator, or the snap-on attachment assembly occurs. Use of the disassembly tool helps to extend the functional life of both the nozzle tip and the insulator. 
     The disassembly tool is preferably made of a material that can be machined to fit the dimensions of the nozzle tip and insulator while remaining strong and durable for repeated use in removing insulators from tips that may or may not be at an elevated temperature. Such materials may include, but are not limited to, metal (such as steel), plastic, and fiberglass. 
     As shown in a second embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 4 a - 4   d,  a two-piece Vespel and titanium insulator  41  is releasably attached to the tip  43  by an end-acting clip  42 . The clip  42  attaches the insulator  41  to the tip  43  by snapping over the end of the insulator assembly into a groove  44  in the tip. The clip  42  has a “U” or semicircular shape, and clip  42  has a flange  45  that engages a groove  47  in the insulator, and another flange  46  that engages the groove  44  in the tip. The clip  42  is designed to engage the groove  44  in the tip and the groove  47  in the insulator tip by being pushed toward the tip and insulator in a direction transverse to the tip&#39;s centerline. The insulator is removed by pulling the clip out of the two grooves,  44  and  47 , simultaneously. As described above, the two-piece insulator assembly can also be made of a single piece comprising one material, such as Vespel. The clip  42  may be made of a material that retains its resilience after being repeatedly subjected to elevated temperatures in the range of 450-700° F. Such materials include, but are not limited to, spring steel and stainless steel. 
     The third and most preferred embodiment is illustrated in FIGS. 5 a - 5   f,  and encompasses a two-piece Vespel and titanium “Hot Tip” insulator that is releasably attached to the nozzle tip by a through-acting clip. 
     FIG. 5 a  shows cross-sectional view of a “Hot Tip” nozzle assembly comprising nozzle housing  50 , into which is threaded a nozzle tip  51 . A heater  52  is clamped to the outside of the housing. The tip  51  is thermally insulated from the cooled mold plate  53  by a nozzle tip insulating assembly comprising an inner titanium sleeve  54 , and an outer Vespel sleeve  55 , that is removably fastened to the tip  51  by retaining clip  56 . The inner sleeve may be comprised of any conducting material capable of withstanding elevated temperatures without deforming, such as titanium. The outer sleeve may be comprised of any insulating material that is capable of withstanding elevated temperatures without deforming, such as Vespel. The retaining clip design of the preferred embodiment is simpler than the clip shown in the embodiment of FIGS. 4 a - 4   d.  The clip  56  slides transversely into a groove and/or slot that is common to both the tip and the insulator. 
     As can be seen in the cross-section shown in FIG. 5 a,  injection molding nozzle tip  51  has a groove  510 . The titanium inner piece  54  of the insulator has two partially circumferential slots  520  through which the clip  56  is pressed so as to engage groove  510 , thereby fastening the titanium inner sleeve  54  and attached Vespel outer sleeve  55  to the tip  51 . Removal is accomplished by pressing the clip out of the groove/slot combination. Application or removal of the clip can be easily accomplished by using one hand, making the installation or removal of the insulator very convenient. Note that the clip is located in an area of the assembly not touched by the plastic being processed, which allows the insulator to be removed without having to clean off the tip, thus increasing efficiency. The insulator can alternatively be made of one piece of material, as shown in the inset, and still utilize the same attachment means described above. 
     The third and preferred embodiment is further described in FIGS. 5 b  and  5   c,  which show one method of attaching the outer piece shown in FIG. 5 b  ( 55  in FIG. 5 a ) to the inner piece shown in FIG. 5 c  ( 54  in FIG. 5 a ). The inner and outer pieces are attached by trapping the outer piece between shoulder  530  and flange  531 , shown in FIG. 5 c.  The outer piece is comprised of a material that is able to deflect as it passes over flange  531 , allowing it to abut against shoulder  530 , then returning to its original shape so that it is held in place on the inner piece by flange  531 . FIG. 5 c  also shows additional details of the inner piece and the slots  520  cut through its upper wall. 
     FIGS. 5 d ′ and  5   d ″ show the flat clip that fits through the slots  520  in the inner piece S 4  and simultaneously engages the retaining groove  510  in the nozzle tip  51 , as shown in FIG. 5 a.    
     FIG. 5 e  shows an alternate construction of the third and preferred embodiment where a one-piece hot tip nozzle housing is used. In this alternative, the tip and the housing are made of the same material, and are formed as a single piece. The combination of the one-piece hot tip nozzle housing and the insulator attachment is shown in FIG. 5 f,  which depicts the use of the through-acting clip as a retaining means, as described above in FIG. 5 a.    
     Another alternate version of the preferred embodiment is shown in FIGS. 6 a - 6   c,  which show a “Valve Gate” version. In FIG. 6 a,  tip  62  is threaded into the nozzle housing go and valve stem  61  passes through the center hole in the tip. The insulator design and retention means are the same as described above in FIG. 5 a,  with the exception that the method of attaching the outer sleeve  66  to the inner sleeve  65  is different from the Hot Tip version described in FIG. 5 a  above in that no flange is used at the lower end of the inner piece. Instead, as is shown in more detail in FIGS. 6 b ′,  6   b ″,  6   b ″′,  6   b ′″′ and  6   c,  a shoulder  69  on the outer piece  66  is able to deflect over a corresponding shoulder  68  on the inner piece  65 , and then return to its original shape. The shoulders are located at the upper end of the insulator assembly, and the outer piece has a tapered bottom that extends up to the bottom of the inner piece of the insulator, allowing the bottom of the insulator to be covered by the insulating material, for superior heat retention in the nozzle tip. 
     FIGS. 6 b ′,  6   b ″,  6   b ″′,  6   b ′″′ are plan and [FIG. 6 b  is a] cross-sectional views detailing the construction of the inner piece according the Valve Gate version of the preferred embodiment. FIGS. 6 b ′,  6   b ″,  6   b ″′,  6   b ′″′ also illustrate the slots  63  cut through the upper wall of the inner piece  65 . The slots are absent between “A” and “B” in the plan view and their opposite counterparts (not shown), so that there are two slots in the inner piece, each having an equal length on opposing sides. FIG. 6 c  shows the outer piece detail. It is “snapped” over the inner piece  65  so that shoulder  69  deflects over corresponding shoulder  68  on the inner piece  65  shown in FIG. 6 b.    
     Alternate styles of retaining clips to be used with the preferred third embodiment shown in FIG. 5 a  and the alternate preferred embodiment of FIG. 6 a  are shown in FIGS. 7 a - 7   c ,  8   a - 4   c , and  9   a - 9   c.    7   a - 7   c  is a flat stamping retaining clip,  8   a - 8   c  is a retaining clip formed of wire having a circular cross-section, and  9   a - 9   c  is a retaining clip formed of wire of square cross-section. All of the retaining clips are made of spring steel, stainless steel or other suitable material that retains its resilience when subjected to elevated temperatures in the range of 450-700° F. The retaining clips may have any shape that allows them to removably engage the groove or slot common to both the insulator and the nozzle tip. 
     FIGS. 10 a - 10   b,    11   a - 11   c,    12   a - 12   c,  and  13   a - 13   e  show other additional embodiments for attaching the insulator assembly to the nozzle tip. The insulator may consist of an inner and an outer piece, or it may have a unitary construction. If the insulator has two pieces, the inner piece is a conductive material capable of withstanding high temperatures without deforming, cracking, or otherwise deteriorating. The preferred material for the inner piece may be, or include, titanium. The corresponding outer piece is then an insulating material that is also capable of withstanding high temperatures without deforming, cracking, or otherwise deteriorating. The preferred material for the outer piece may be, or include, Vespel. A one-piece insulator should be constructed of or include an elastic, heat-resistant material such as Vespel, such that the insulator has the same external dimensions as the inner piece and outer piece combination it replaces. 
     For those embodiments where use of assembly and disassembly tools may be beneficial, the assembly and disassembly tools are preferably made of a material or materials that can be constructed to correspond to the dimensions of the nozzle tip and insulator while remaining strong and durable for repeated use in attaching and removing insulators to and from tips that may or may not be at an elevated temperature. Such materials may include, but are not limited to, metals (such as steel), plastics, fiberglasses, and ceramics. 
     FIGS. 10 a - 10   b  show a fourth “Set Screw” embodiment in which the insulator  100  is attached to a nozzle tip  102  by means of one or more set screws  101 . FIG. 10 a  shows that the insulator  100  has one or more pre-formed openings  103  with threads corresponding to the set screws  101 , and the nozzle tip  102  has one or more threaded openings  104  corresponding to the openings  103  on the insulator. The screws are threaded into the openings in the insulator and nozzle tip, thereby causing the insulator to be removably attached to the nozzle tip. 
     FIG. 10 b  shows a socket driver  105  having an opening  106  that is specially adapted for grasping the set screws  101  and threading them into the threaded openings  103  and  104  of the insulator  100  and nozzle tip  102 , respectively. 
     FIGS. 11 a - 11   c  show a fifth “Bayonet” embodiment in which a locking feature  110  in the insulator  112  engages a corresponding tab  111  on the tip  113  when placed on the nozzle tip and twisted. The locking feature in the insulator and the tab on the tip would be formed by machining the parts, allowing for the use of different tab and locking groove configurations. The only limitation on the configurations of the tabs and locking grooves, which may have a variety of shapes, is that they must be capable of being securely fastened together to releasably and removably attach the insulator to the tip. Preferably, the tab and locking groove would be designed so that it is unlikely that the insulator could rotate and disengage from the tip during the injection molding process. 
     The insulator may be installed and removed manually or with assembly and disassembly tools similar to those shown in FIGS. 2 a  and  3   a.  Such an assembly tool would be capable of securely holding the insulator while allowing the user to twist the insulator onto the nozzle tip until the locking feature  110  has fully engaged the tab  111  on the nozzle tip. A suitable removal tool would be capable of securely holding the insulator while allowing the user to twist the insulator off of the nozzle tip by disengaging the locking feature  110  from the tab  111 . 
     FIGS. 12 a - 12   c  show a sixth “Thread and Flats” embodiment in which an insulator  120  has threads  123  on its inner surface and is threaded onto the tip  121  that has threads  124  on its outer surface corresponding to the threads  123  on the inner surface of the insulator. The insulator  120  may be further tightened onto the nozzle tip  121  by means of wrench flats  122 . 
     FIGS. 13 a - 13   e  show a seventh “Snap Ring” embodiment in which the insulator  130  has an internal groove  131  for retaining a snap ring  134 . The snap ring  134  then engages a corresponding groove  132  in the tip  133  when the insulator is pushed onto the tip, thus causing the insulator to become releasably attached to the tip. The snap ring may comprise any material capable of retaining its resilience when subjected to elevated temperatures in the range of 450-700° F., such as spring steel or stainless steel. The snap ring and grooves in the insulator and tip have corresponding shapes to allow the best possible fit, but there are no limitations on the particular shape chosen. 
     The insulator may be installed and removed manually or with assembly and disassembly tools similar to those shown in FIGS. 2 a  and  3   a.  Such an assembly tool would be capable of securely holding the insulator while allowing the user to push the insulator onto the nozzle tip until the snap ring  134  is securely positioned in the groove  132  on the nozzle tip  133 . A suitable removal tool would be capable of securely holding the insulator while allowing the user to pull the insulator off of the nozzle tip, thereby disengaging the snap ring  134  from the groove  132  on the nozzle tip  133  and the internal groove  131  of the insulator  130 . 
     While the present invention has been described for what are presently considered the preferred embodiments, the invention is not so limited. To the contrary, the invention is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope or the appended claims. The scope of the following claims is to be accorded the broadest interpretation so as to encompass all such modifications and equivalent structures and functions.

Technology Category: 7