Patent Document

TECHNICAL FIELD 
       [0001]    The present invention relates to a pneumatic tire comprising a carcass as a skeleton structure, which has a carcass body toroidally extending between a pair of bead cores, and a carcass turn-up portion that the carcass body is wound around the bead core from inside toward outside of the tire and extended outside in the radial direction of the tire. 
       BACKGROUND ART 
       [0002]    In recent years, a reduction in fuel consumption of a vehicle is required from the viewpoint of environmental protection. Along with this, a reduction in rolling resistance is required for a pneumatic tire. 
         [0003]    A hysteresis loss that is a main cause of rolling resistance of a pneumatic tire increases in a tread portion to contact a road surface and adjacent portions. There is a known method of reducing a hysteresis loss caused by deformation of a tread portion, which makes a bead portion easy to deform by decreasing the stiffness in a tire radial direction (a stiffness in a radial direction) of a bead portion located in a lower part of a sidewall, disperses the deformation of a tread portion to a bead portion, and decreases a hysteresis loss caused by the deformation of a tread portion. 
         [0004]    On the other hand, the stiffness of a part ranging from a bead portion to a side wall portion of a pneumatic tire contributes to a vehicle stability to rolling and pitch, and if the stiffness in a radial direction of a part ranging from a bead portion to a side wall portion is set extremely low, a driving stability may decrease. 
         [0005]    To solve the above problem, the applicants have proposed a pneumatic tire that reduces a rolling resistance without extremely decreasing stiffness in a radial direction (see Patent Literature 1). 
         [0006]    In a pneumatic tire of the Patent Literature 1, a stiffener is disposed more outside than a bead core in a tire radial direction, a most thickness portion of a rubber chafer is disposed outside a carcass turn-up portion in a tire width direction and in proximity of an outer end of a stiffener in a tire radial direction, a sectional area of a stiffener with respect to a sectional area of a rubber chafer is 0.5 or lower, and a rubber with JIS A hardness of 80 degrees or higher is disposed in an area between a carcass crown portion and a bead core. 
       CITATION LIST 
     Patent Literature 
       [0000]    
       
         Patent Literature 1: Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 8-207516 
       
     
       SUMMARY OF INVENTION 
       [0008]    In recent years, the demand for reduction of the rolling resistance has increased. Thus, the above method of reducing the rolling resistance depending on decreasing the stiffness of the part ranging from a bead portion to a sidewall portion may impair the driving stability and is limited. In other words, there is still room for improvement to realize both decreased rolling resistance and driving stability at the same time. 
         [0009]    Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a pneumatic tire which realizes both decreased rolling resistance and driving stability at a high level. 
         [0010]    The applicants of the present invention have extensively studied and concluded that, even in the part ranging from a bead portion to a sidewall portion that is known as a part contributing to reduce the rolling resistance of a pneumatic tire, a portion contributing to the effect of increasing the lateral stiffness of a pneumatic tire and a portion contributing to reduction of the rolling resistance are different. 
         [0011]    Based on the above conclusion, the applicants have found that both reduced rolling resistance and driving stability can be realized at a high level by configuring each part of a pneumatic tire as described below. That is, the present invention has the following features. 
         [0012]    A first feature of the present invention is summarized as a pneumatic tire which is provided with a carcass comprising a carcass body toroidally extending between a pair of bead cores, and a carcass turn-up portion that the carcass body is wound around the bead core from inside toward outside of the tire and extended outside in a tire radial direction of the tire, and is installed in a rim, comprising: a first filling material disposed between the carcass body and the carcass turn-up portion and more outside than the bead core in the tire radial direction; and a second filling material disposed more outside than the first filling material in the tire radial direction, wherein a predetermined space is provided in the tire radial direction between an outside end of the first filling material in the tire radial direction and an inside end of the second filling material in the tire radial direction. 
         [0013]    In the pneumatic tire according to the present invention, the first filling material is disposed more outside than the bead core in the tire radial direction, the second filling material is disposed more outside than the first filling material in the tire radial direction, and the space is provided between the outside end of the first filling material in the tire radial direction and the inside end of the second filling material in the tire radial direction. The space is filled with a rubber with stiffness lower than a stiffness of the first and second filling materials, such as a rubber coating a carcass. 
         [0014]    Therefore, the stiffness of the bead portion of the pneumatic tire is lower than the stiffness of a bead portion of a conventional pneumatic tire that the space is filled with a filling material of higher stiffness. Thus, the pneumatic tire is easy to locally deform in the space. 
         [0015]    Further, in the pneumatic tire, the second filling material is located more outside than the space in the tire radial direction. Therefore, the pneumatic tire has a configuration that the second filling material is located more outside than the space in the tire radial direction to prevent a sidewall portion from the influence of decreasing the stiffness in the space, it is possible to prevent deterioration of the driving stability due to setting a stiffness low in the radial direction of a part ranging from a bead portion to a sidewall portion. 
         [0016]    A second feature of the present invention according to the above feature is summarized as that when a length from an innermost position of the carcass body in the tire radial direction to an outermost position of the carcass body in the tire radial direction is expressed as CSH, the outside end of the first filling material in the tire radial direction is formed to be interposed between a position at a length of 0.05 CSH more outside than a flange line in the tire radial direction and a position at a length of 0.10 CSH more inside than the flange line in the tire radial direction, the flange line being a line along the tire axial direction passing through an outside end of a rim flange portion of the rim in the tire radial direction, an outside end of the second filling material in the tire radial direction is formed at a position at a length of 0.70 CSH more outside than a carcass baseline in the tire radial direction or at an inside of said position, the carcass baseline being a line along the tire axial direction passing through an inside end of the carcass body in the tire radial direction, the inside end of the second filling material in the tire radial direction is formed to be disposed at a position aligned with the flange line, or between a position at a length of 0.15 CSH more outside than the flange line in the tire radial direction and the flange line, and a length L of the second filling material along the carcass body satisfies the relation 0.15 CSH≦L≦0.55 CSH. 
         [0017]    A third feature of the present invention according to the above feature is summarized as that when an outermost point of the rim guard in the tire width direction is assumed to be a rim guard top, and a length from an innermost position of the carcass body in the tire radial direction to an outermost position of the carcass body in the tire radial direction is expressed as CSH, the outside end of the first filling material in the tire radial direction is formed to be interposed between a position at a length of 0.15 CSH more outside than a top line in the tire radial direction and a position at a length of 0.05 CSH more outside than the top line in the tire radial direction, the top line being a line along the tire axial line passing through the rim guard top, the inside end of the second filling material in the tire radial direction is formed to be interposed between a position at a length of 0.05 CSH more outside than the top line in the tire radial direction and a position at a length of 0.2 CSH more outside than the top line in the tire radial direction, an outside end of the second filling material in the tire radial direction is formed at a position at a length of 0.70 CSH more outside than a carcass baseline in the tire radial direction or at an inside of said position, the carcass baseline being a line along the tire axial direction passing through an inside end of the carcass body in the tire radial direction, and a length L of the second filling material along the carcass body satisfies the relation 0.15 CSH≦L≦0.4 CSH. 
         [0018]    The pneumatic tire according to the present invention is further provided with a rim guard projecting toward outside in the tire width direction. A rim guard means a protrusion projecting toward outside in the tire width direction at a position on the outer surface of a sidewall portion right above a rim flange. The protrusion is preferably formed by a concave curve toward inside in the tire width direction. 
         [0019]    The rim guard may be formed to have a triangular or trapezoidal protrusion, or two or more protrusions. In such a rim guard of various forms, a rim guard top means an outermost point in the tire width direction in an area provided with a rim guard in a no-load condition. In a rim guard having two or more outermost points in the tire width direction, such as a trapezoidal rim guard, the outermost point in the width direction located most inside in the tire radial direction is defined as a rim guard top. 
         [0020]    In the pneumatic tire having such a rim guard, the outside end of the first filling material in the tire radial direction is interposed between the position of 0.15 CSH in length more inside in the tire radial direction than the top line passing through the rim guard top along the tire axial direction, and the position of 0.05 CSH in length more outside than the top line in the tire radial direction. An end of the second filling material inside in the tire radial direction is interposed between the position of 0.05 CSH in length more outside than the top line in the tire radial direction, and the position of 0.2 CSH in length more outside than the top line in the tire radial direction. 
         [0021]    In such a pneumatic tire, the above-mentioned space can be formed in an area close to the top line passing through the rim guard top along the tire axial direction, and the stiffness of the area close to the top line can be locally decreased. Further, such a pneumatic tire is easy to locally deform in the space, and compared with deformation at several points in a range from a bead portion to a sidewall portion, the deformed volume of the rubber can be suppressed. Therefore, in the pneumatic tire, the hysteresis loss can be suppressed, and the rolling resistance can be decreased. 
         [0022]    A fourth feature of the present invention according to the above feature is summarized as that a space in the tire radial direction between the outside end of the first filling material in the tire radial direction and the inside end of the second filling material in the tire radial direction is over 3 mm and below 15 mm. 
         [0023]    A fifth feature of the present invention according to the above feature is summarized as that a thickness of the second filling material in the normal direction of the carcass body is over 0.5 mm and below 5.0 mm. 
         [0024]    A sixth feature of the present invention according to the above feature is summarized as that an elastic modulus of the second filling material is over 20% and below 50% of an elastic modulus of the first filling material. 
         [0025]    A seventh feature of the present invention according to the above feature is summarized as that a loss tangent of the second filling material is over 10% and below 30% of a loss tangent of the first filling material. 
         [0026]    An eighth feature of the present invention according to the above feature is summarized as that an elastic modulus of a material disposed in the predetermined space provided between the first filling material and the second filling material is lower than or equal to an elastic modulus of the second filling material. 
         [0027]    A ninth feature of the present invention according to the above feature is summarized as that an elastic modulus of a material disposed in the predetermined space provided between the first filling material and the second filling material is over 3% and below 20% of an elastic modulus of the first filling material. 
         [0028]    A tenth feature of the present invention according to the above feature is summarized as that a loss tangent of a material disposed in the predetermined space provided between the first filling material and the second filling material is over 10% and below 50% of a loss tangent of the first filling material. 
         [0029]    An eleventh feature of the present invention according to the above feature is summarized as that an outside end of the second filling material in the tire radial direction is disposed more inside in the tire radial direction than an outside end of the carcass turn-up portion in the tire radial direction. 
         [0030]    A twelfth feature of the present invention according to the above feature is summarized as that the carcass body and the carcass turn-up portion contact each other more outside in the tire radial direction than the outside end of the second filling material in the tire radial direction. 
         [0031]    According to the present invention, it is possible to provide the pneumatic tire enables both reduced rolling resistance and driving stability at a high level. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
         [0032]      FIG. 1  is a sectional view in a tire radial direction and in a tire width direction of a pneumatic tire according to a first embodiment. 
           [0033]      FIG. 2  is a magnified sectional view of a part ranging from a bead portion to a sidewall portion of the pneumatic tire according to the first embodiment. 
           [0034]      FIG. 3  is a sectional view in the tire radial direction and in the tire width direction of the pneumatic tire according to a second embodiment. 
           [0035]      FIG. 4  is a magnified sectional view of a part ranging from a bead portion to a sidewall portion of the pneumatic tire according to the second embodiment. 
       
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS 
     First Embodiment 
       [0036]    A pneumatic tire according to a first embodiment of the present invention will be explained with reference to the accompanying drawings. In particular, an explanation will be given of sections: (1) General configuration of a pneumatic tire, (2) Configuration of a part ranging from a bead portion to a sidewall portion, (3) Functions and effects, and (4) Other embodiments. 
         [0037]    In the following drawings, the same or like reference signs are given to the same or like parts. It is to be noted that the drawings are schematic and the dimensions or ratios are different from real values. Therefore, actual dimensions should be determined according to the following explanations. The drawings include parts of different dimensions or ratios. 
       (1) General Configuration of a Pneumatic Tire 
       [0038]    Hereinafter, a general configuration of a pneumatic tire will be explained with reference to the drawings.  FIG. 1  is a diagram explaining a configuration of a pneumatic tire  1 . 
         [0039]    The pneumatic tire  1  comprises a pair of bead portions  12  having a bead core  11 , a pair of sidewall portions  13 , and a tread portion  14  contiguous to a pair of sidewall portions.  FIG. 1  shows a bead core  11 , a bead portion  12 , and a sidewall portion  13  of only one side with respect to an equator line CL in the pneumatic tire  1 . The pneumatic tire  1  is provided with a carcass  20  toroidally extending between a pair of bead cores  11 . A plurality of belt layers  15  is provided between a tread portion  14  and a carcass  20 . A pneumatic tire  1  is installed in a standard rim  100 . 
         [0040]    The standard rim  100  means a rim defined by standards. The standards are determined by industrial standards valid in districts where a tire is manufactured or used. For example, “YEAR BOOK OF THE TIRE AND RIM ASSOCIATION INC” in U.S.A, “STANDARDS MANUAL OF THE EUROPEAN TIRE AND RIM TECHNICAL ORGANIZATION” in Europe, and “JATMA YEAR BOOK OF JAPAN AUTOMOBILE AND TIRE ASSOCIATION” in Japan. 
         [0041]    The carcass  20  has a carcass body  21  and a carcass turn-up portion  22 . The carcass turn-up portion  22  is rewound around the bead core  11  from inside toward outside of the tire, and is extended outside in the radial direction of the tire. 
         [0042]    Between the toroidally carcass body  21  and the carcass turn-up portion  22  turned up from the bead core  11 , a bead filler  31  and a rubber sheet  32  are arranged. The bead filler  31  is located more outside than the bead core  11  in the tire radial direction. The rubber sheet  32  is located more outside than the bead filler  31  in the tire radial direction. In the embodiment, the bead filler  31  forms a first filling material, and the rubber sheet  32  forms a second filling material. 
         [0043]    An end  32   a  of the rubber sheet  32  is located more inside in the tire radial direction than the end  22   a  of the carcass turn-up portion  22  in the tire radial direction. 
         [0044]    Between an end  31   a  of the bead filler  31  outside in the tire radial direction and an end  32   b  of the rubber sheet  32  inside in the tire radial direction, a space D is provided. 
         [0045]    In the embodiment, the carcass body  21  and carcass turn-up portion  22  contact each other more outside than the end  32   a  of the rubber sheet  32  in the tire radial direction. 
       (2) Configuration of a Part Ranging from a Bead Portion to a Side Wall Portion 
       [0046]      FIG. 2  is a magnified view explaining in detail a part ranging from a bead portion  12  to a side wall portion  13  of the pneumatic tire  1  according to the embodiment. 
         [0047]    In the pneumatic tire  1 , the length from the innermost position of the carcass body  21  in the tire radial direction to the outermost position of the carcass body  21  in the tire radial direction (called a carcass section height) is expressed as CSH. A flange line along the tire axial direction passing through an end  110   a  of a rim flange portion  110  of the standard rim  100  outside in the tire radial direction is defined as FL. A carcass baseline along the tire axial direction passing through an end of the carcass body  21  inside in the tire radial direction is defined as BL. 
         [0048]    At this time, as shown in  FIG. 2 , the end  31   a  of the bead filler  31  outside in the tire radial direction is formed to be interposed between a point P 1  at a length of 0.05 CSH more outside than the flange line FL in the tire radial direction, and a point P 2  at a length of 0.10 CSH more inside than the flange line FL in the tire radial direction. In other words, L 1 =0.05 CSH and L 2 =0.10 CSH in  FIG. 2 . 
         [0049]    The end  32   a  of the rubber sheet  32  outside in the tire radial direction is formed to be located at a point P 3  at a length of 0.70 CSH more outside than the carcass baseline BL along the tire axis direction passing through the end of the carcass body  21  inside in the tire radial direction, or at a position more inside than the point P 3  in the tire radial direction. 
         [0050]    The end  32   b  of the rubber sheet  32  inside in the dire radial direction is formed to be located at a point P 4  identical to the flange line FL, or between the point P 4  and a point P 5  at a length of 0.15 CSH more outside than the flange line FL in the tire radial direction. In other words, L 3 =0.15 CSH in  FIG. 2 . 
         [0051]    The length L 4  of the rubber sheet  32  along the carcass body  21  satisfies the relation 0.15 CSH≦L≦0.55 CSH. 
         [0052]    The distance d 1  between the end  31   a  of the bead filler  31  outside in the tire radial direction and the end  32   b  of the rubber sheet  32  inside in the tire radial direction (i.e., the length of the space D along the carcass body  31 ) is over 5 mm and below 15 mm. 
         [0053]    The thickness d 2  of the rubber sheet  32  in the normal direction of the carcass body  31  is over 0.5 mm and below 5.0 mm. More preferably, the thickness d 2  is over 1.0 mm and below 2.0 mm. 
         [0054]    The distance between the end  31   a  of the bead filler  31  outside in the tire radial direction and the end  32   b  of the rubber sheet  32  along the tire radial direction inside in the tire radial direction satisfies the relation 0.04 CSH≦d 3 ≦0.15 CSH. 
         [0055]    An elastic modulus of the rubber sheet  32  is over 20% and below 50% of the elastic modulus of the bead filler  31 . The elastic modulus mentioned here indicates the value measured by measuring the reaction force when a sine wave is applied to a rubber sample at a temperature of 50° C., a frequency of 15 Hz, and a distortion of 5%. Specifically, for example, the elastic modulus can be measured by using a viscoelasticity measuring apparatus manufactured by Rheometrics Inc. 
         [0056]    A loss tangent (tan δ) of the rubber sheet  32  is over 10% and below 30% of the loss tangent of the bead filler  31 . 
       (3) Functions and Effects 
       [0057]    In a conventional pneumatic tire, when a sidewall portion deforms like falling outside in the tier width direction in an area where a pneumatic tire contacts a rim flange portion, the tire suffers a compressive deformation pressed to a rim flange portion in the vicinity of the origin of the deformation, and is compressed in the direction along a carcass body. In other words, in the vicinity of the origin of the deformation, a hysteresis loss that becomes a factor to decrease a rolling resistance occurs. 
         [0058]    Further, as the stiffness of the bead filler is higher than the stiffness of rubber material forming a bead portion and a sidewall portion, an end of a bead filler outside in the tire width direction becomes a stiffness step, and deformation is likely to occur at this position. 
         [0059]    As described above, when deformation that becomes a factor to cause a hysteresis loss occurs at several positions in a sidewall portion and a bead portion, the deformed rubber volume increases, and a hysteresis loss increases. 
         [0060]    On the other hand, in the pneumatic tire  1  according to the embodiment, the bead filler  31  is located more outside than the bead core  11  in the tire radial direction, the rubber sheet  32  is located more outside than the bead filler  31  in the tire radial direction, and the space D is provided between the end  31   a  of the bead filler  31  outside in the tire radial direction and the end  32   b  of the rubber sheet  32  inside in the tire radial direction. The space D is filled with a rubber with a stiffness lower than that of the first and second filling materials, such as a rubber coating the carcass  20 . 
         [0061]    Therefore, the stiffness of the bead portion  13  of the pneumatic tire  1  is lower than the stiffness of a bead portion of a conventional pneumatic tire that the space D is filled with a filling material such as a rubber with a high stiffness. Thus, the pneumatic tire  1  is easy to locally deform in the space D of the bead portion  13 . 
         [0062]    In other words, in the pneumatic tire  1 , the parts easy to deform are intentionally concentrated to decrease the volume of deformed rubber, thereby decreasing a hysteresis loss. 
         [0063]    While decreasing the volume of deformed rubber, in the pneumatic tire  1 , the rubber sheet  32  is located in being held by the carcass body  21  and carcass turn-up portion  22  with an appropriate interval taken from the space D contributing to deformation. By making such a sandwich structure as to hold a rubber between structures with high hardness (the carcass body  21  and the carcass turn-up portion  22 ), a part with a high stiffness is formed more outside than the space D in the pneumatic tire  1 . 
         [0064]    As described above, as the pneumatic tire  1  is so configured that the sidewall portion  13  is prevented from the influence of decreasing the stiffness in a local part of the bead portion  12 , it is possible to prevent deterioration of the driving stability due to setting a stiffness low in the radial direction of the part ranging from the bead portion  12  to the sidewall portion  13 . 
         [0065]    By making a structure that the carcass body  21  and the carcass turn-up portion  22  contact each other more outside than the end  32   a  of the rubber sheet  32  in the tire radial direction, a stronger sandwich structure can be made, and the stiffness of the pneumatic tire  1  more outside than the space D in the tire radial direction can be enhanced. 
         [0066]    In the pneumatic tire  1 , the end  31   a  of the bead filler  31  is formed to be interposed between the point P 1  and point P 2 , and the end  32   b  of the rubber sheet  32  is formed at the point P 4 , or between the point P 4  and the point P 5  more outside than the point P 4  in the tire radial direction. 
         [0067]    By configuring the pneumatic tire  1  as described above, the local deformation part corresponding to the space D formed in the bead portion  13  can be aligned with the area where the pneumatic tire  1  contacts the standard rim  100 . In this configuration, the part ranging from the bead portion  12  to the sidewall portion  13  becomes easy to deform in the part contacting the standard rim  100  that function as a fulcrum. 
         [0068]    The end  32   a  of the rubber sheet  32  is formed to be located at the point P 3  or more inside than the point P 3  in the tire radial direction. In the pneumatic tire  1 , the length L of the rubber sheet  32  along the carcass body  21  satisfies the relation 0.15 CSH L 0.4 CSH. 
         [0069]    Thus, it is possible to increase the stiffness of the area contributing to the effect of increasing the lateral stiffness in the sidewall portion  13 . 
         [0070]    The interval d 1  between the end  31   a  of the bead filler  31  and the end  32   b  of the rubber sheet  32  is preferably over 5 mm and below 10 mm. The distance d 3  along the tire radial direction between the end  31   a  of the bead filler  31  outside in the tire radial direction and the end  32   b  of the rubber sheet  32  inside in the tire radial direction preferably satisfies the relation 0.04 CSH≦d 3 ≦0.15 CSH. 
         [0071]    By setting such an interval, the part ranging from the bead portion  12  to the sidewall portion  13  can be aligned with the part contacting the standard rim  100 , and the effect to absorb some of the deformation of the whole pneumatic tire  1  can be increased. 
         [0072]    The thickness d 2  of the rubber sheet  32  in the normal direction of the carcass body  31  is over 0.5 mm and below 5.0 mm. Preferably, the thickness d 2  is over 1.0 mm and below 2.0 mm. When the thickness of the sidewall portion  13  increases, the lateral stiffness can be increased, but a hysteresis loss is likely to occur. Thus, the thickness d 2  of the rubber sheet  32  in the normal direction of the carcass body  31  forming the sidewall portion  13  is preferably set within the above range. 
         [0073]    An elastic modulus of the rubber sheet  32  is over 20% and below 50% of the elastic modulus of the bead filler  31 . A higher elastic modulus of the rubber sheet  32  is preferable. A loss tangent (tan δ) of the rubber sheet  32  is over 10% and below 30% of the loss tangent of the bead filler  31 . A hysteresis loss increases when the tan δ is large, and decreases when the tan δ is small. Thus, a smaller tan δ is preferable to prevent an extra rolling resistance. 
       (4) Other Embodiments 
       [0074]    Although the present invention has been described in terms of preferred embodiments, the foregoing discussion and drawings are not to be understood as restrictive of the invention. It will be appreciated that various alternative embodiments, examples might by those skilled in the art. 
         [0075]    As described above, many embodiments not disclosed herein are to be understood as included in the present invention. The scope of the invention should, therefore, be defined by the appended claims. 
       Embodiment 1 
       [0076]    We manufactured a conventional tire and a tire according to the embodiment, and compared the rolling resistance and driving stability. A tire was provided with one carcass ply, two belt layers crossing at an angle of 66° with respect to a tread width direction along the width of a tread, and a circumferential reinforcing layer made of nylon disposed outside in the tire radial direction of the belt layer. The tire size was 195/65R15. We manufactured the tires of comparative example 2 to 20 and embodiment 1 to 22 by changing the position of the end of a first filling material outside in the tire radial direction, the position of the end of a second filling material outside a tire radial direction, and the position of the end of a second filling material inside in the tire radial direction. A tire not having a second filling material was considered to be a comparative example tire. 
       (Rolling Resistance Test) 
       [0077]    We installed the tires of comparative example and embodiment in a rated rim defined by JATMA (6 J in the embodiment), and obtained a rolling resistance by using a drum test machine having an iron plate surface with a diameter of 1.7 m. The measuring conditions were 80 km/h, 4.5 kN, 210 kPa at speed, load, internal pressure, respectively. Table 1 shows the results expressed by the indexes assuming the results of the tire of comparative example 1 to be 100. 
       (Driving Stability Test) 
       [0078]    We measured a lateral spring constant at a load as an index of driving stability. Specifically, a load of 4.5 kN was applied, the axle was pulled in the tire lateral direction, and a lateral spring constant was measured. Table 1 shows the results expressed by the indexes assuming the results of the tire of comparative example 1 to be 100. 
       (Results) 
       [0079]      
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                   
                   
                 POSITION 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 OF AN 
                 POSITION OF 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 END OF 
                 AN END OF 
                 POSITION OF 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 FIRST 
                 SECOND 
                 AN END OF 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 FILLING 
                 FILLING 
                 SECOND FILLING 
                   
                   
                 THICKNESS 
               
               
                   
                 FIRST 
                 SECOND 
                 MATERIAL 
                 MATERIAL 
                 MATERIAL 
                 LENGTH OF 
                   
                 OF 
               
               
                   
                 FILLING 
                 FILLING 
                 OUTSIDE A 
                 OUTSIDE A 
                 INSIDE A 
                 SECOND 
                   
                 SECOND 
               
               
                   
                 MATERIAL 
                 MATERIAL 
                 TIRE RADIAL 
                 TIRE RADIAL 
                 TIRE RADIAL 
                 FILLING 
                   
                 FILLING 
               
               
                   
                 (BEAD 
                 (RUBBER 
                 DIRECTION 
                 DIRECTION 
                 DIRECTION 
                 MATERIAL 
                 SPACE D 
                 MATERIAL 
               
               
                   
                 FILLER) 
                 SHEET) 
                 (1) 
                 (2) 
                 (3) 
                 (4) 
                 (mm) 
                 (mm) 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 COMPARATIVE 
                 PROVIDED 
                 NOT 
                 0.1 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 EXAMPLE 1 
                   
                 PROVIDED 
               
               
                 COMPARATIVE 
                 PROVIDED 
                 PROVIDED 
                 0.1 
                 0.4 
                 0.15 
                 0.1 
                 5 
                 1 
               
               
                 EXAMPLE 2 
               
               
                 COMPARATIVE 
                 PROVIDED 
                 PROVIDED 
                 −0.15 
                 0.4 
                 0 
                 0.25 
                 15 
                 1 
               
               
                 EXAMPLE 3 
               
               
                 COMPARATIVE 
                 PROVIDED 
                 PROVIDED 
                 0 
                 0.8 
                 0.1 
                 0.55 
                 10 
                 1 
               
               
                 EXAMPLE 4 
               
               
                 COMPARATIVE 
                 PROVIDED 
                 PROVIDED 
                 0.05 
                 0.5 
                 0.2 
                 0.15 
                 15 
                 1 
               
               
                 EXAMPLE 5 
               
               
                 COMPARATIVE 
                 PROVIDED 
                 PROVIDED 
                 −0.1 
                 0.5 
                 −0.05 
                 0.4 
                 5 
                 1 
               
               
                 EXAMPLE 6 
               
               
                 COMPARATIVE 
                 PROVIDED 
                 PROVIDED 
                 −0.1 
                 0.7 
                 −0.05 
                 0.6 
                 5 
                 1 
               
               
                 EXAMPLE 7 
               
               
                 COMPARATIVE 
                 PROVIDED 
                 PROVIDED 
                 −0.1 
                 0.25 
                 0.05 
                 0.05 
                 15 
                 1 
               
               
                 EXAMPLE 8 
               
               
                 COMPARATIVE 
                 PROVIDED 
                 PROVIDED 
                 0 
                 0.5 
                 0.2 
                 0.15 
                 20 
                 1 
               
               
                 EXAMPLE 9 
               
               
                 COMPARATIVE 
                 PROVIDED 
                 PROVIDED 
                 0 
                 0.5 
                 0.02 
                 0.33 
                 2 
                 1 
               
               
                 EXAMPLE 10 
               
               
                 COMPARATIVE 
                 PROVIDED 
                 PROVIDED 
                 0 
                 0.4 
                 0.1 
                 0.15 
                 10 
                 8 
               
               
                 EXAMPLE 11 
               
               
                 COMPARATIVE 
                 PROVIDED 
                 PROVIDED 
                 0 
                 0.4 
                 0.1 
                 0.15 
                 10 
                 0.1 
               
               
                 EXAMPLE 12 
               
               
                 COMPARATIVE 
                 PROVIDED 
                 PROVIDED 
                 0 
                 0.4 
                 0.1 
                 0.15 
                 10 
                 1 
               
               
                 EXAMPLE 13 
               
               
                 COMPARATIVE 
                 PROVIDED 
                 PROVIDED 
                 0 
                 0.4 
                 0.1 
                 0.15 
                 10 
                 1 
               
               
                 EXAMPLE 14 
               
               
                 COMPARATIVE 
                 PROVIDED 
                 PROVIDED 
                 0 
                 0.4 
                 0.1 
                 0.15 
                 10 
                 1 
               
               
                 EXAMPLE 15 
               
               
                 COMPARATIVE 
                 PROVIDED 
                 PROVIDED 
                 0 
                 0.4 
                 0.1 
                 0.15 
                 10 
                 1 
               
               
                 EXAMPLE 16 
               
               
                 COMPARATIVE 
                 PROVIDED 
                 PROVIDED 
                 0 
                 0.4 
                 0.1 
                 0.15 
                 10 
                 1 
               
               
                 EXAMPLE 17 
               
               
                 COMPARATIVE 
                 PROVIDED 
                 PROVIDED 
                 0 
                 0.4 
                 0.1 
                 0.15 
                 10 
                 1 
               
               
                 EXAMPLE 18 
               
               
                 COMPARATIVE 
                 PROVIDED 
                 PROVIDED 
                 0 
                 0.4 
                 0.1 
                 0.15 
                 10 
                 1 
               
               
                 EXAMPLE 19 
               
               
                 COMPARATIVE 
                 PROVIDED 
                 PROVIDED 
                 0 
                 0.4 
                 0.1 
                 0.15 
                 10 
                 1 
               
               
                 EXAMPLE 20 
               
               
                 EMBODIMENT 1 
                 PROVIDED 
                 PROVIDED 
                 −0.1 
                 0.4 
                 0.05 
                 0.2 
                 15 
                 1 
               
               
                 EMBODIMENT 2 
                 PROVIDED 
                 PROVIDED 
                 0 
                 0.45 
                 0.05 
                 0.25 
                 5 
                 1 
               
               
                 EMBODIMENT 3 
                 PROVIDED 
                 PROVIDED 
                 0.05 
                 0.7 
                 0.15 
                 0.4 
                 10 
                 1 
               
               
                 EMBODIMENT 4 
                 PROVIDED 
                 PROVIDED 
                 −0.05 
                 0.7 
                 0 
                 0.55 
                 5 
                 1 
               
               
                 EMBODIMENT 5 
                 PROVIDED 
                 PROVIDED 
                 0 
                 0.5 
                 0.1 
                 0.25 
                 10 
                 1 
               
               
                 EMBODIMENT 6 
                 PROVIDED 
                 PROVIDED 
                 0.05 
                 0.55 
                 0.15 
                 0.25 
                 10 
                 1 
               
               
                 EMBODIMENT 7 
                 PROVIDED 
                 PROVIDED 
                 −0.05 
                 0.35 
                 0.05 
                 0.15 
                 10 
                 1 
               
               
                 EMBODIMENT 8 
                 PROVIDED 
                 PROVIDED 
                 −0.03 
                 0.3 
                 0 
                 0.15 
                 3 
                 1 
               
               
                 EMBODIMENT 9 
                 PROVIDED 
                 PROVIDED 
                 0 
                 0.4 
                 0.1 
                 0.15 
                 10 
                 1 
               
               
                 EMBODIMENT 10 
                 PROVIDED 
                 PROVIDED 
                 0 
                 0.4 
                 0.1 
                 0.15 
                 10 
                 0.5 
               
               
                 EMBODIMENT 11 
                 PROVIDED 
                 PROVIDED 
                 0 
                 0.4 
                 0.1 
                 0.15 
                 10 
                 2 
               
               
                 EMBODIMENT 12 
                 PROVIDED 
                 PROVIDED 
                 0 
                 0.4 
                 0.1 
                 0.15 
                 10 
                 5 
               
               
                 EMBODIMENT 13 
                 PROVIDED 
                 PROVIDED 
                 0 
                 0.4 
                 0.1 
                 0.15 
                 10 
                 1 
               
               
                 EMBODIMENT 14 
                 PROVIDED 
                 PROVIDED 
                 0 
                 0.4 
                 0.1 
                 0.15 
                 10 
                 1 
               
               
                 EMBODIMENT 15 
                 PROVIDED 
                 PROVIDED 
                 0 
                 0.4 
                 0.1 
                 0.15 
                 10 
                 1 
               
               
                 EMBODIMENT 16 
                 PROVIDED 
                 PROVIDED 
                 0 
                 0.4 
                 0.1 
                 0.15 
                 10 
                 1 
               
               
                 EMBODIMENT 17 
                 PROVIDED 
                 PROVIDED 
                 0 
                 0.4 
                 0.1 
                 0.15 
                 10 
                 1 
               
               
                 EMBODIMENT 18 
                 PROVIDED 
                 PROVIDED 
                 0 
                 0.4 
                 0.1 
                 0.15 
                 10 
                 1 
               
               
                 EMBODIMENT 19 
                 PROVIDED 
                 PROVIDED 
                 0 
                 0.4 
                 0.1 
                 0.15 
                 10 
                 1 
               
               
                 EMBODIMENT 20 
                 PROVIDED 
                 PROVIDED 
                 0 
                 0.4 
                 0.1 
                 0.15 
                 10 
                 1 
               
               
                 EMBODIMENT 21 
                 PROVIDED 
                 PROVIDED 
                 0 
                 0.4 
                 0.1 
                 0.15 
                 10 
                 1 
               
               
                 EMBODIMENT 22 
                 PROVIDED 
                 PROVIDED 
                 0 
                 0.4 
                 0.1 
                 0.15 
                 10 
                 1 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   
                 ELASTIC 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 MODULUS OF 
                 LOSS TANGENT 
               
               
                   
                   
                 SECOND 
                 OF SECOND 
                 ELASTIC 
               
               
                   
                   
                 FILLING 
                 FILLING 
                 MODULUS OF 
                 LOSS TANGENT 
               
               
                   
                   
                 MATERIAL 
                 MATERIAL 
                 SPACE WITH 
                 OF SPACE 
               
               
                   
                   
                 WITH RESPECT 
                 WITH RESPECT 
                 RESPECT TO 
                 WITH RESPECT 
               
               
                   
                   
                 TO ELASTIC 
                 TO LOSS 
                 ELASTIC 
                 TO LOSS 
               
               
                   
                   
                 MODULUS OF 
                 TANGENT OF 
                 MODULUS OF 
                 TANGENT OF 
               
               
                   
                   
                 FIRST FILLING 
                 FIRST FILLING 
                 FIRST FILLING 
                 FIRST FILLING 
                 INDEX VALUE 
                 INDEX VALUE 
               
               
                   
                   
                 MATERIAL 
                 MATERIAL 
                 MATERIAL 
                 MATERIAL 
                 OF ROLLING 
                 OF DRIVING 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (%) 
                 (%) 
                 (%) 
                 (%) 
                 RESISTANCE 
                 STABILITY 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 COMPARATIVE 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                   
                 EXAMPLE 1 
               
               
                   
                 COMPARATIVE 
                 30 
                 10 
                 10 
                 25 
                 103 
                 101 
               
               
                   
                 EXAMPLE 2 
               
               
                   
                 COMPARATIVE 
                 30 
                 10 
                 10 
                 25 
                 100 
                 98 
               
               
                   
                 EXAMPLE 3 
               
               
                   
                 COMPARATIVE 
                 30 
                 10 
                 10 
                 25 
                 104 
                 102 
               
               
                   
                 EXAMPLE 4 
               
               
                   
                 COMPARATIVE 
                 30 
                 10 
                 10 
                 25 
                 102 
                 100 
               
               
                   
                 EXAMPLE 5 
               
               
                   
                 COMPARATIVE 
                 30 
                 10 
                 10 
                 25 
                 100 
                 99 
               
               
                   
                 EXAMPLE 6 
               
               
                   
                 COMPARATIVE 
                 30 
                 10 
                 10 
                 25 
                 104 
                 102 
               
               
                   
                 EXAMPLE 7 
               
               
                   
                 COMPARATIVE 
                 30 
                 10 
                 10 
                 25 
                 100 
                 99 
               
               
                   
                 EXAMPLE 8 
               
               
                   
                 COMPARATIVE 
                 30 
                 10 
                 10 
                 25 
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                   
                 EXAMPLE 9 
               
               
                   
                 COMPARATIVE 
                 30 
                 10 
                 10 
                 25 
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                   
                 EXAMPLE 10 
               
               
                   
                 COMPARATIVE 
                 30 
                 10 
                 10 
                 25 
                 105 
                 103 
               
               
                   
                 EXAMPLE 11 
               
               
                   
                 COMPARATIVE 
                 30 
                 10 
                 10 
                 25 
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                   
                 EXAMPLE 12 
               
               
                   
                 COMPARATIVE 
                 40 
                 10 
                 10 
                 25 
                 102 
                 100 
               
               
                   
                 EXAMPLE 13 
               
               
                   
                 COMPARATIVE 
                 5 
                 10 
                 10 
                 25 
                 101 
                 99 
               
               
                   
                 EXAMPLE 14 
               
               
                   
                 COMPARATIVE 
                 30 
                 50 
                 10 
                 25 
                 99 
                 101 
               
               
                   
                 EXAMPLE 15 
               
               
                   
                 COMPARATIVE 
                 30 
                 5 
                 10 
                 25 
                 93 
                 98 
               
               
                   
                 EXAMPLE 16 
               
               
                   
                 COMPARATIVE 
                 30 
                 10 
                 25 
                 25 
                 99 
                 102 
               
               
                   
                 EXAMPLE 17 
               
               
                   
                 COMPARATIVE 
                 30 
                 10 
                 1 
                 25 
                 100 
                 97 
               
               
                   
                 EXAMPLE 18 
               
               
                   
                 COMPARATIVE 
                 30 
                 10 
                 10 
                 60 
                 101 
                 103 
               
               
                   
                 EXAMPLE 19 
               
               
                   
                 COMPARATIVE 
                 30 
                 10 
                 10 
                 5 
                 99 
                 98 
               
               
                   
                 EXAMPLE 20 
               
               
                   
                 EMBODIMENT 1 
                 30 
                 15 
                 10 
                 25 
                 93 
                 102 
               
               
                   
                 EMBODIMENT 2 
                 30 
                 15 
                 10 
                 25 
                 95 
                 105 
               
               
                   
                 EMBODIMENT 3 
                 30 
                 15 
                 10 
                 25 
                 98 
                 107 
               
               
                   
                 EMBODIMENT 4 
                 30 
                 15 
                 10 
                 25 
                 98 
                 107 
               
               
                   
                 EMBODIMENT 5 
                 30 
                 15 
                 10 
                 25 
                 95 
                 103 
               
               
                   
                 EMBODIMENT 6 
                 30 
                 15 
                 10 
                 25 
                 96 
                 105 
               
               
                   
                 EMBODIMENT 7 
                 30 
                 15 
                 10 
                 25 
                 92 
                 101 
               
               
                   
                 EMBODIMENT 8 
                 30 
                 15 
                 10 
                 25 
                 93 
                 102 
               
               
                   
                 EMBODIMENT 9 
                 30 
                 15 
                 10 
                 25 
                 93 
                 104 
               
               
                   
                 EMBODIMENT 10 
                 30 
                 15 
                 10 
                 25 
                 92 
                 102 
               
               
                   
                 EMBODIMENT 11 
                 30 
                 15 
                 10 
                 25 
                 96 
                 105 
               
               
                   
                 EMBODIMENT 12 
                 30 
                 15 
                 10 
                 25 
                 98 
                 106 
               
               
                   
                 EMBODIMENT 13 
                 20 
                 15 
                 10 
                 25 
                 94 
                 105 
               
               
                   
                 EMBODIMENT 14 
                 40 
                 15 
                 10 
                 25 
                 95 
                 106 
               
               
                   
                 EMBODIMENT 15 
                 50 
                 15 
                 10 
                 25 
                 96 
                 107 
               
               
                   
                 EMBODIMENT 16 
                 30 
                 10 
                 10 
                 25 
                 91 
                 103 
               
               
                   
                 EMBODIMENT 17 
                 30 
                 20 
                 10 
                 25 
                 92 
                 103 
               
               
                   
                 EMBODIMENT 18 
                 30 
                 30 
                 10 
                 25 
                 93 
                 103 
               
               
                   
                 EMBODIMENT 19 
                 30 
                 10 
                 20 
                 25 
                 92 
                 103 
               
               
                   
                 EMBODIMENT 20 
                 30 
                 10 
                 3 
                 25 
                 91 
                 103 
               
               
                   
                 EMBODIMENT 21 
                 30 
                 10 
                 10 
                 50 
                 92 
                 104 
               
               
                   
                 EMBODIMENT 22 
                 30 
                 10 
                 10 
                 10 
                 91 
                 102 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0080]    In Table 1, the position of the end of the first filling material outside in the tire radial direction1 is represented by “+” when it is more outside than the flange line FL shown in  FIG. 2  in the tire radial direction, and is expressed by “−” when it is more inside than the flange line FL in the tire radial direction. The numeric value is a ratio to CSH (%). The position of the end of the second filling material outside in the tire radial direction2 is the distance from the carcass baseline BL toward outside in the tire radial direction. The numeric value is a ratio to CSH (%). The position of the end of the second filling material inside in the tire radial direction3 is the distance from the flange line FL toward outside in the tire radial direction. The numeric value is a ratio to CSH (%). The length of the second filling material4 is expressed by a ratio to CSH (%). 
         [0081]    According to the results shown in Table 1, the rolling resistance value is preferable when it is lower than 100. In consideration of an error and from the viewpoint of market supremacy, it is acceptable when a difference is 2% or more (i.e., an index value of 98 or less). When improvement of 5% or more is observed, it can be said especially great effect. The driving stability test shows a good reproducibility, and it can be acceptable when a difference is 1% or more (i.e., an index value of 101% or more). 
       Second Embodiment 
       [0082]    A pneumatic tire according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be explained with reference to the accompanying drawings. In particular, an explanation will be given of sections: (1) General configuration of a pneumatic tire, (2) Configuration of a part ranging from a bead portion to a sidewall portion, (3) Functions and effects, and (4) Other embodiments. 
         [0083]    In the following drawings, the same or like reference signs are given to the same or like parts. It is to be noted that the drawings are schematic and the dimensions or ratios are different from real values. Therefore, actual dimensions should be determined according to the following explanations. The drawings include parts of different dimensions or ratios. 
       (1) General Configuration of a Pneumatic Tire 
       [0084]    Hereinafter, a general configuration of a pneumatic tire will be explained with reference to the drawings.  FIG. 3  is a sectional view in the tire width direction showing a configuration of a pneumatic tire  1 A. The pneumatic tire  1 A according to the embodiment has a rim guard, and assumes a tire with a small tire profile. A configuration of the pneumatic tire  1 A will be described in detail. 
         [0085]    The pneumatic tire  1 A according to the present embodiment comprises a pair of bead portions  112  having a bead core  111 , a pair of sidewall portions  113 , and a tread portion  114  contiguous to the sidewall portion.  FIG. 3  shows a bead core  111 , a bead portion  112 , and a sidewall portion  113  of only one side with respect to an equator line CL in the pneumatic tire  1 A. The pneumatic tire  1 A is provided with a carcass  120  toroidally extending between a pair of bead cores  111 . A plurality of belt layers  115  is provided between a tread portion  114  a carcass  120 . The pneumatic tire  1 A is installed in a standard rim  100 A. 
         [0086]    The standard rim  100 A means a rim defined by standards. The standards are determined by industrial standards valid in districts where a tire is manufactured or used. For example, “YEAR BOOK OF THE TIRE AND RIM ASSOCIATION INC” in U.S.A, “STANDARDS MANUAL OF THE EUROPEAN TIRE AND RIM TECHNICAL ORGANIZATION” in Europe, and “JATMA YEAR BOOK OF JAPAN AUTOMOBILE AND TIRE ASSOCIATION” in Japan. 
         [0087]    The carcass  120  has a carcass body  121  and a carcass turn-up portion  122 . The carcass turn-up portion  122  is rewound around the bead core  111  from inside toward outside of the tire, and is extended outside in the tire radial direction. 
         [0088]    Between the toroidally carcass body  121  and the carcass turn-up portion  122  turned up at the bead core  111 , a bead filler  131  and a rubber sheet  132  are disposed. The bead filler  131  is located more outside than the bead core  111  in the tire radial direction. The rubber sheet  132  is located more outside than the bead filler  131  in the tire radial direction. In the embodiment, the bead filler  131  forms a first filling material, and the rubber sheet  132  forms a second filling material. 
         [0089]    An end  132   a  of the rubber sheet  132  outside in the tire radial direction is disposed at a position substantially the same level as the end  122   a  of the carcass turn-up portion  122  outside in the tire radial direction. The end  132   a  of the rubber sheet  132  outside in the tire radial direction may be disposed more inside than the end  122   a  of the carcass turn-up portion  122  in the tire radial direction, or may be disposed outside in the tire radial direction. 
         [0090]    A space DA is provided between the end  131   a  of the bead filler  131  outside in the tire radial direction and the end  132   b  of the rubber sheet  132  inside in the tire radial direction. 
         [0091]    The example of  FIG. 3  shows a case where the carcass body  121  and carcass turn-up portion  122  do not contact each other more outside than the end  132   a  of the rubber sheet  132  in the tire radial direction. However, the carcass body  121  may contact the carcass turn-up portion  122 . 
         [0092]    In the embodiment, the sidewall portion  113  is provided with a rim guard  150  projecting toward outside in the tire width direction. The rim guard  150  is disposed more outside than the standard rim  100  in the tire radial direction. The rim guard  150  is formed so that a rim guard top  151  located most outside in the tire width direction is located more outside than the standard rim  100 A in the tire width direction. 
       (2) Configuration of a Part Ranging from a Bead Portion to a Side Wall Portion 
       [0093]      FIG. 4  is a magnified view explaining in detail a part ranging from a bead portion  112  to a side wall portion  113  of the pneumatic tire  1 A according to the embodiment. 
         [0094]    In the pneumatic tire  1 A, the length from the innermost position of the carcass body  121  in the tire radial direction to the outermost position of the carcass body  121  in the tire radial direction (called a carcass section height) is expressed as CSH. A carcass baseline along the tire axial direction passing through an end of the carcass body  121  inside in the tire radial direction is defined as BL. A top line along the tire axial direction passing through the rim guard top  151  of the rim guard  150  located most outside in the tire width direction is defined as PL. 
         [0095]    The end  131   a  of the bead filler  131  outside in the tire radial direction is formed to be interposed between a point P 13  at a length of 0.15 CSH more outside than the top line PL in the tire radial direction, and a point P 14  at a length of 0.05 CSH more inside than the top line PL in the tire radial direction. In other words, L 13 =0.15 CSH and L 14 =0.05 CSH in  FIG. 4 . 
         [0096]    The end  132   b  of the rubber sheet  132  inside in the dire radial direction is formed to be located at a point P 14  at a length of 0.05 and a point P 15  at a length of 0.2 more outside than the top line PL in the tire radial direction. In other words, L 15 =0.2 CSH in  FIG. 4 . 
         [0097]    A space DA (predetermined space) is provided between the end  131   a  of the bead filler  131  outside in the tire radial direction and the end  132   b  of the rubber sheet  132  inside in the tire radial direction. When the end  132   a  of the rubber sheet  132  and the end  132   b  of the rubber sheet  132  are shaped in tapered form, both the end  132   a  and end  132   b  can be disposed on the line (the line including the point P 14 ) at a length of 0.05 CSH more outside than the top line PL in the tire radial direction. In this case, the space DA is provided between the end  131   a  of the bead filler  131  and the end  132   b  of the rubber sheet  132 . 
         [0098]    The space DA provided as described above is filled with a rubber such as a coating rubber or the like that coating the carcass  120  with a stiffness lower than that of the bead filler  131  and rubber sheet  132 . In other words, the stiffness of material disposed in the space DA is lower than that of the bead filler  131  and rubber sheet  132 . 
         [0099]    When expressed as an elastic modulus, the elastic modulus of the material disposed in the space DA provided between the bead filler  131  and the rubber sheet  132  is lower than the elastic modulus of the rubber sheet  132 . The elastic modulus of the material disposed in the space DA provided between the bead filler  131  and the rubber sheet  132  is over 3% and below 20% of the elastic modulus of the bead filler  131 . 
         [0100]    An elastic modulus is a value measured by measuring a reaction force when a sine wave is applied to a rubber sample at a temperature of 50° C., a frequency of 15 Hz, and a distortion of 5%. Specifically, for example, an elastic modulus can be measured by using a viscoelasticity measuring apparatus manufactured by Rheometrics Inc. 
         [0101]    A loss tangent (tan δ) of the material disposed in the space DA provided between the bead filler  131  and the rubber sheet  132  is over 10% and below 50% of the loss tangent (tan δ) of the bead filler  131 . 
         [0102]    The end  132   a  of the rubber sheet  132  outside in the tire radial direction is formed to be located at a point P 16  at a length of 0.70 CSH more outside than the carcass baseline in the tire radial direction, or at a position more inside than the point P. 16  in the tire radial direction. 
         [0103]    The length L 21  of the rubber sheet  132  along the carcass body  121  satisfies the relation 0.15 CSH≦L≦0.4 CSH. 
         [0104]    The distance L 22  between the end  131   a  of the bead filler  311  outside in the tire radial direction and the end  132   b  of the rubber sheet  132  inside in the tire radial direction (i.e., the length of the space DA along the carcass body  121 ) is over 3 mm and below 15 mm. 
         [0105]    The thickness d 11  of the rubber sheet  132  in the normal direction of the carcass body  121  is over 0.5 mm and below 5.0 mm. Preferably, the thickness d 11  is over 1.0 mm and below 2.0 mm. 
         [0106]    The elastic modulus of the rubber sheet  132  is over 10% and below 50% of the elastic modulus of the bead feeler  131 . 
         [0107]    A loss tangent (tan δ) of the rubber sheet  132  is over 10% and below 50% of the loss tangent of the bead filler  131 . 
       (3) Functions and Effects 
       [0108]    In a conventional pneumatic tire, when a sidewall portion deforms like falling outside in the tier width direction in an area where a pneumatic tire contacts a rim flange portion, the tire suffers a compressive deformation pressed to a rim flange portion in the vicinity of the origin of the deformation, and is compressed in the direction along a carcass body. In other words, in the vicinity of the origin of the deformation, a hysteresis loss that becomes a factor to decrease a rolling resistance occurs. 
         [0109]    Further, as the bead filler stiffness is higher than the stiffness of rubber material forming a bead portion and a sidewall portion, an end of the bead filler outside in the tire width direction becomes a stiffness step, and deformation is likely to occur at this position. 
         [0110]    In a pneumatic tire having a rim guard in a sidewall portion, an origin of deformation is likely to occur in the vicinity of a rim guard top. As the volume of a rim guard projecting outside in the tire width direction is large, a pneumatic tire having a rim guard is likely to cause a hysteresis loss that becomes a factor to decrease a rolling resistance. 
         [0111]    As described above, when deformation causing a hysteresis loss occurs at several locations in a part ranging from a sidewall portion to a bead portion, the volume of the deformed rubber increases, and a hysteresis loss increases. 
         [0112]    On the other hand, in the pneumatic tire  1 A according to the embodiment, the bead filler  131  is located more outside than the bead core  111  in the tire radial direction, the rubber sheet  132  is located more outside than the bead filler  131  in the tire radial direction, and the space DA is provided between the end  131   a  of the bead filler  131  outside in the tire radial direction and the end  132   b  of the rubber sheet  132   b  inside in the tire radial direction. The space DA is filled with a rubber with stiffness lower than that of the bead filler  131  and rubber sheet  132 , such as a rubber for coating the carcass  20 . 
         [0113]    The elastic modulus of the material disposed in the space DA is lower than the elastic modulus of the rubber sheet  132 . The elastic modulus of the material disposed in the space DA is over 3% and below 20% of the elastic modulus of the bead filler  131 . 
         [0114]    Thus, in the pneumatic tire  1 A according to the embodiment, the elastic modulus of the material disposed in the space DA is lower than the elastic modulus of a conventional pneumatic tire that the space DA is filled with a filling material with a high elastic modulus such as a rubber. Therefore, the pneumatic tire  1 A is easy to locally deform in the space DA. 
         [0115]    In other words, in the pneumatic tire  1 A, the parts easy to deform are intentionally concentrated to decrease the volume of deformed rubber, thereby decreasing a hysteresis loss. 
         [0116]    A loss tangent (tan δ) of the material disposed in the space DA is over 10% and below 50% of the loss tangent (tan δ) of the bead filler  131 . A hysteresis loss increases when the tan δ is large, and decreases when the tan δ is small. Therefore, a rolling resistance can be prevented by setting the tan δ of the material disposed in the locally deforming space DA within the above range. 
         [0117]    While decreasing the deformed rubber volume, in the pneumatic tire  1 A, the rubber sheet  132  is located in being held by the carcass body  121  and carcass turn-up portion  122  with an appropriate interval taken from the space DA contributing to deformation. By making such a sandwich structure as to hold the rubber sheet  132  between structures with a high hardness (the carcass body  121  and the carcass turn-up portion  122 ), a part with a high stiffness is formed more outside than the space DA of the pneumatic tire  1 A in the tire radial direction. 
         [0118]    As described above, as the pneumatic tire  1 A is so configured that the sidewall portion  113  is prevented from the influence of decreasing the stiffness of the space DA, it is possible to prevent deterioration of the driving stability due to setting a stiffness low in the radial direction of the part ranging from the bead portion  112  to the sidewall portion  113 . 
         [0119]    In the pneumatic tire  1 A, the end  131   a  of the bead filler  131  is formed to be interposed between the point P 13  and the point P 14 , and the end  132   b  of the rubber sheet  132  is formed to be interposed between the point P 14  and the point P 15 . 
         [0120]    By configuring the pneumatic tire  1 A as described above, the local deformation area corresponding to the space DA can be aligned with the part in the vicinity of the top line PL along the tire axial direction passing through the rim guard top  151 . In this configuration, the part ranging from the bead portion  112  to the sidewall portion  113  becomes easy to deform in the part in the vicinity of the top line PL of the rim guard top  151  that functions as a fulcrum. In other words, in the pneumatic tire  1 A, consider the rim guard  150 , the parts easy to deform are intentionally concentrated to decrease the volume of deformed rubber, thereby decreasing a hysteresis loss. 
         [0121]    The end  132   a  of the rubber sheet  132  is formed to be located at the point P 16  at a distance of 0.7 CSH from the carcass baseline, or more inside than the point P 16  in the tire radial direction. In the pneumatic tire  1 A, the length L of the rubber sheet  132  along the carcass body  121  satisfies the relation 0.15 CSH≦L 21 ≦0.4 CSH. Thus, it is possible to increase the stiffness of the area contributing to the effect of increasing the lateral stiffness in the sidewall portion  113 . 
         [0122]    In the pneumatic tire  1 A, the interval L 22  between the end  131   a  of the bead filler  311  and the end  132   b  of the rubber sheet  132  (that is, the length of the space DA along the carcass body  121 ) is preferably over 3 mm and below 15 mm. By setting such an interval, the local deformation part can be aligned with the top line PL along the tire axial direction passing through the rim guard top  151 , and the effect to absorb some of the deformation of the whole pneumatic tire  1 A can be increased. 
         [0123]    The thickness d 11  of the rubber sheet  132  in the normal direction of the carcass body  121  is over 0.5 mm and below 5.0 mm. Preferably, the thickness d 11  of the rubber sheet  132  is over 1.0 mm and below 2.0 mm. When the thickness of the sidewall portion  113  increases, the lateral stiffness can be increased, but a hysteresis loss is likely to occur. Thus, the thickness d 11  of the rubber sheet  132  in the normal direction of the carcass body  121  forming the sidewall portion  113  is preferably set within the above range. 
         [0124]    An elastic modulus of the rubber sheet  132  is over 10% and below 50% of the elastic modulus of the bead filler  131 . An elastic modulus of the rubber sheet  132  is preferably as high as possible within the above range. A loss tangent (tan δ) of the rubber sheet  132  is over 10% and below 50% of the loss tangent of the bead filler  131 . To prevent an extra rolling resistance, the tan δ of the rubber sheet  132  is preferably as small as possible within the above range. 
       (4) Other Embodiments 
       [0125]    Although the present invention has been described in terms of preferred embodiments, the foregoing discussion and drawings are not to be understood as restrictive of the invention. It will be appreciated that various alternative embodiments, examples might by those skilled in the art. For example, the first embodiment and second embodiment can be combined. 
         [0126]    As described above, many embodiments not disclosed herein are to be understood as included in the present invention. The scope of the invention should, therefore, be defined by the appended claims. 
       Embodiment 2 
       [0127]    We manufactured a conventional pneumatic tire and a pneumatic tire according to the present embodiment, and compared the rolling resistance and driving stability. A pneumatic tire was provided with one carcass ply, two belt layers crossing at an angle of 66° with respect to a tread width direction along the width of a tread, and a circumferential reinforcing layer made of nylon disposed outside in the tire radial direction of the belt layer. A pneumatic tire having a rim guard in a sidewall portion was prepared. The tire size was 225/45R17. A rim guard top was outside in the tire radial direction at a distance of 0.245 CSH from a carcass baseline. One not including a second filling material (a rubber sheet  132 ) was considered to be a pneumatic tire of comparative example 1. We manufactured the tires of comparative example 2 to 20 and embodiment 1 to 20 by changing the position of an end of a first filling material (a bead filler  131 ) outside in the tire radial direction, the position of an end of a second filling material outside in the tire radial direction, the position of an end of a second filling material (a rubber sheet  132 ) inside in the tire radial direction, the elastic modulus of first filling material and second filling material, and the loss tangents of first filling material and second filling material. Table 2 shows the concrete specifications of the comparative examples and embodiments. 
       (Rolling Resistance Test) 
       [0128]    We installed the tires of comparative example and embodiment in a rated rim defined by JATMA (7.5 J in the embodiment), and obtained a rolling resistance by using a drum test machine having an iron plate surface with a diameter of 1.7 m. The measuring conditions were at speed of 80 km/h, load of 4.41 kN, internal pressure of 230 kPa, respectively. Table 2 shows the results expressed by the indexes assuming the results of the tire of comparative example 1 to be 100. 
       (Driving Stability Test) 
       [0129]    We measured a lateral spring constant at a load as an index of driving stability. Specifically, a load of 4.41 kN was applied, the axle was pulled in the tire lateral direction, and a lateral spring constant was measured. Table 2 shows the results expressed by the indexes assuming the results of the tire of comparative example 1 to be 100. 
       (Results) 
       [0130]      
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 POSITION OF 
                 POSITION OF 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 POSITION OF 
                 AN END OF 
                 AN END OF 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 AN END OF 
                 SECOND 
                 SECOND 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 FIRST FILLING 
                 FILLING 
                 FILLING 
                   
                   
                 THICKNESS 
               
               
                   
                 FIRST 
                 SECOND 
                 MATERIAL 
                 MATERIAL 
                 MATERIAL 
                 LENGTH OF 
                   
                 OF 
               
               
                   
                 FILLING 
                 FILLING 
                 OUTSIDE A 
                 OUTSIDE A 
                 INSIDE A 
                 SECOND 
                   
                 SECOND 
               
               
                   
                 MATERIAL 
                 MATERIAL 
                 TIRE RADIAL 
                 TIRE RADIAL 
                 TIRE RADIAL 
                 FILLING 
                 SPACE DA 
                 FILLING 
               
               
                   
                 (BEAD 
                 (RUBBER 
                 DIRECTION 
                 DIRECTION 
                 DIRECTION 
                 MATERIAL 
                 (L22) 
                 MATERIAL 
               
               
                   
                 FILLER) 
                 SHEET) 
                 (1) 
                 (2) 
                 (3) 
                 (4) 
                 (mm) 
                 (mm) 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 COMPARATIVE 
                 PROVIDED 
                 NOT 
                 0.1 
                 0 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 EXAMPLE 1 
                   
                 PROVIDED 
               
               
                 COMPARATIVE 
                 PROVIDED 
                 PROVIDED 
                 0.1 
                 0.55 
                 0.15 
                 0.15 
                 3.75 
                 1 
               
               
                 EXAMPLE 2 
               
               
                 COMPARATIVE 
                 PROVIDED 
                 PROVIDED 
                 −0.2 
                 0.55 
                 0 
                 0.3 
                 15 
                 1 
               
               
                 EXAMPLE 3 
               
               
                 COMPARATIVE 
                 PROVIDED 
                 PROVIDED 
                 0.15 
                 0.8 
                 0.35 
                 0.2 
                 15 
                 1 
               
               
                 EXAMPLE 4 
               
               
                 COMPARATIVE 
                 PROVIDED 
                 PROVIDED 
                 0.05 
                 0.7 
                 0.4 
                 0.05 
                 26.25 
                 1 
               
               
                 EXAMPLE 5 
               
               
                 COMPARATIVE 
                 PROVIDED 
                 PROVIDED 
                 −0.05 
                 0.55 
                 0 
                 0.3 
                 3.75 
                 1 
               
               
                 EXAMPLE 6 
               
               
                 COMPARATIVE 
                 PROVIDED 
                 PROVIDED 
                 0 
                 0.9 
                 0.05 
                 0.6 
                 3.75 
                 1 
               
               
                 EXAMPLE 7 
               
               
                 COMPARATIVE 
                 PROVIDED 
                 PROVIDED 
                 0 
                 0.33 
                 0.05 
                 0.03 
                 3.75 
                 1 
               
               
                 EXAMPLE 8 
               
               
                 COMPARATIVE 
                 PROVIDED 
                 PROVIDED 
                 −0.15 
                 0.55 
                 0.2 
                 0.1 
                 26.25 
                 1 
               
               
                 EXAMPLE 9 
               
               
                 COMPARATIVE 
                 PROVIDED 
                 PROVIDED 
                 0.05 
                 0.55 
                 0.05 
                 0.25 
                 0 
                 1 
               
               
                 EXAMPLE 10 
               
               
                 COMPARATIVE 
                 PROVIDED 
                 PROVIDED 
                 0 
                 0.55 
                 0.05 
                 0.25 
                 3.75 
                 8 
               
               
                 EXAMPLE 11 
               
               
                 COMPARATIVE 
                 PROVIDED 
                 PROVIDED 
                 0 
                 0.55 
                 0.05 
                 0.25 
                 3.75 
                 0.1 
               
               
                 EXAMPLE 12 
               
               
                 COMPARATIVE 
                 PROVIDED 
                 PROVIDED 
                 0 
                 0.55 
                 0.05 
                 0.25 
                 3.75 
                 1 
               
               
                 EXAMPLE 13 
               
               
                 COMPARATIVE 
                 PROVIDED 
                 PROVIDED 
                 0 
                 0.55 
                 0.05 
                 0.25 
                 3.75 
                 1 
               
               
                 EXAMPLE 14 
               
               
                 COMPARATIVE 
                 PROVIDED 
                 PROVIDED 
                 0 
                 0.55 
                 0.05 
                 0.25 
                 3.75 
                 1 
               
               
                 EXAMPLE 15 
               
               
                 COMPARATIVE 
                 PROVIDED 
                 PROVIDED 
                 0 
                 0.55 
                 0.05 
                 0.25 
                 3.75 
                 1 
               
               
                 EXAMPLE 16 
               
               
                 COMPARATIVE 
                 PROVIDED 
                 PROVIDED 
                 0 
                 0.55 
                 0.05 
                 0.25 
                 3.75 
                 1 
               
               
                 EXAMPLE 17 
               
               
                 COMPARATIVE 
                 PROVIDED 
                 PROVIDED 
                 0 
                 0.55 
                 0.05 
                 0.25 
                 3.75 
                 1 
               
               
                 EXAMPLE 18 
               
               
                 COMPARATIVE 
                 PROVIDED 
                 PROVIDED 
                 0 
                 0.55 
                 0.05 
                 0.25 
                 3.75 
                 1 
               
               
                 EXAMPLE 19 
               
               
                 COMPARATIVE 
                 PROVIDED 
                 PROVIDED 
                 0 
                 0.55 
                 0.05 
                 0.25 
                 3.75 
                 1 
               
               
                 EXAMPLE 20 
               
               
                 EMBODIMENT 1 
                 PROVIDED 
                 PROVIDED 
                 −0.15 
                 0.45 
                 0.05 
                 0.15 
                 15 
                 1 
               
               
                 EMBODIMENT 2 
                 PROVIDED 
                 PROVIDED 
                 0 
                 0.6 
                 0.15 
                 0.2 
                 11.25 
                 1 
               
               
                 EMBODIMENT 3 
                 PROVIDED 
                 PROVIDED 
                 0.05 
                 0.7 
                 0.15 
                 0.3 
                 7.5 
                 1 
               
               
                 EMBODIMENT 4 
                 PROVIDED 
                 PROVIDED 
                 0 
                 0.7 
                 0.05 
                 0.4 
                 3.75 
                 1 
               
               
                 EMBODIMENT 5 
                 PROVIDED 
                 PROVIDED 
                 0.05 
                 0.6 
                 0.2 
                 0.15 
                 11.25 
                 1 
               
               
                 EMBODIMENT 6 
                 PROVIDED 
                 PROVIDED 
                 0 
                 0.55 
                 0.15 
                 0.15 
                 11.25 
                 1 
               
               
                 EMBODIMENT 7 
                 PROVIDED 
                 PROVIDED 
                 0.01 
                 0.45 
                 0.05 
                 0.15 
                 3 
                 1 
               
               
                 EMBODIMENT 8 
                 PROVIDED 
                 PROVIDED 
                 0 
                 0.55 
                 0.05 
                 0.25 
                 3.75 
                 0.5 
               
               
                 EMBODIMENT 9 
                 PROVIDED 
                 PROVIDED 
                 0 
                 0.55 
                 0.05 
                 0.25 
                 3.75 
                 1 
               
               
                 EMBODIMENT 10 
                 PROVIDED 
                 PROVIDED 
                 0 
                 0.55 
                 0.05 
                 0.25 
                 3.75 
                 5 
               
               
                 EMBODIMENT 11 
                 PROVIDED 
                 PROVIDED 
                 0 
                 0.55 
                 0.05 
                 0.25 
                 3.75 
                 1 
               
               
                 EMBODIMENT 12 
                 PROVIDED 
                 PROVIDED 
                 0 
                 0.55 
                 0.05 
                 0.25 
                 3.75 
                 1 
               
               
                 EMBODIMENT 13 
                 PROVIDED 
                 PROVIDED 
                 0 
                 0.55 
                 0.05 
                 0.25 
                 3.75 
                 1 
               
               
                 EMBODIMENT 14 
                 PROVIDED 
                 PROVIDED 
                 0 
                 0.55 
                 0.05 
                 0.25 
                 3.75 
                 1 
               
               
                 EMBODIMENT 15 
                 PROVIDED 
                 PROVIDED 
                 0 
                 0.55 
                 0.05 
                 0.25 
                 3.75 
                 1 
               
               
                 EMBODIMENT 16 
                 PROVIDED 
                 PROVIDED 
                 0 
                 0.55 
                 0.05 
                 0.25 
                 3.75 
                 1 
               
               
                 EMBODIMENT 17 
                 PROVIDED 
                 PROVIDED 
                 0 
                 0.55 
                 0.05 
                 0.25 
                 3.75 
                 1 
               
               
                 EMBODIMENT 18 
                 PROVIDED 
                 PROVIDED 
                 0 
                 0.55 
                 0.05 
                 0.25 
                 3.75 
                 1 
               
               
                 EMBODIMENT 19 
                 PROVIDED 
                 PROVIDED 
                 0 
                 0.55 
                 0.05 
                 0.25 
                 3.75 
                 1 
               
               
                 EMBODIMENT 20 
                 PROVIDED 
                 PROVIDED 
                 0 
                 0.55 
                 0.05 
                 0.25 
                 3.75 
                 1 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   
                 ELASTIC 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 MODULUS OF 
                 LOSS TANGENT 
               
               
                   
                   
                 SECOND 
                 OF SECOND 
                 ELASTIC 
               
               
                   
                   
                 FILLING 
                 FILLING 
                 MODULUS OF 
                 LOSS TANGENT 
               
               
                   
                   
                 MATERIAL 
                 MATERIAL 
                 SPACE WITH 
                 OF SPACE 
               
               
                   
                   
                 WITH RESPECT 
                 WITH RESPECT 
                 RESPECT TO 
                 WITH RESPECT 
               
               
                   
                   
                 TO ELASTIC 
                 TO LOSS 
                 ELASTIC 
                 TO LOSS 
               
               
                   
                   
                 MODULUS OF 
                 TANGENT OF 
                 MODULUS OF 
                 TANGENT OF 
               
               
                   
                   
                 FIRST FILLING 
                 FIRST FILLING 
                 FIRST FILLING 
                 FIRST FILLING 
                 INDEX VALUE 
                 INDEX VALUE 
               
               
                   
                   
                 MATERIAL 
                 MATERIAL 
                 MATERIAL 
                 MATERIAL 
                 OF ROLLING 
                 OF DRIVING 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (%) 
                 (%) 
                 (%) 
                 (%) 
                 RESISTANCE 
                 STABILITY 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 COMPARATIVE 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                   
                 EXAMPLE 1 
               
               
                   
                 COMPARATIVE 
                 30 
                 25 
                 10 
                 25 
                 103 
                 102 
               
               
                   
                 EXAMPLE 2 
               
               
                   
                 COMPARATIVE 
                 30 
                 25 
                 10 
                 25 
                 102 
                 98 
               
               
                   
                 EXAMPLE 3 
               
               
                   
                 COMPARATIVE 
                 30 
                 25 
                 10 
                 25 
                 105 
                 103 
               
               
                   
                 EXAMPLE 4 
               
               
                   
                 COMPARATIVE 
                 30 
                 25 
                 10 
                 25 
                 102 
                 100 
               
               
                   
                 EXAMPLE 5 
               
               
                   
                 COMPARATIVE 
                 30 
                 25 
                 10 
                 25 
                 101 
                 99 
               
               
                   
                 EXAMPLE 6 
               
               
                   
                 COMPARATIVE 
                 30 
                 25 
                 10 
                 25 
                 106 
                 105 
               
               
                   
                 EXAMPLE 7 
               
               
                   
                 COMPARATIVE 
                 30 
                 25 
                 10 
                 25 
                 100 
                 101 
               
               
                   
                 EXAMPLE 8 
               
               
                   
                 COMPARATIVE 
                 30 
                 25 
                 10 
                 25 
                 104 
                 99 
               
               
                   
                 EXAMPLE 9 
               
               
                   
                 COMPARATIVE 
                 30 
                 25 
                 10 
                 25 
                 102 
                 102 
               
               
                   
                 EXAMPLE 10 
               
               
                   
                 COMPARATIVE 
                 30 
                 25 
                 10 
                 25 
                 105 
                 104 
               
               
                   
                 EXAMPLE 11 
               
               
                   
                 COMPARATIVE 
                 30 
                 25 
                 10 
                 25 
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                   
                 EXAMPLE 12 
               
               
                   
                 COMPARATIVE 
                 60 
                 25 
                 10 
                 25 
                 102 
                 101 
               
               
                   
                 EXAMPLE 13 
               
               
                   
                 COMPARATIVE 
                 10 
                 25 
                 10 
                 25 
                 101 
                 99 
               
               
                   
                 EXAMPLE 14 
               
               
                   
                 COMPARATIVE 
                 30 
                 35 
                 10 
                 25 
                 99 
                 101 
               
               
                   
                 EXAMPLE 15 
               
               
                   
                 COMPARATIVE 
                 30 
                 5 
                 10 
                 25 
                 96 
                 98 
               
               
                   
                 EXAMPLE 16 
               
               
                   
                 COMPARATIVE 
                 30 
                 25 
                 25 
                 25 
                 101 
                 102 
               
               
                   
                 EXAMPLE 17 
               
               
                   
                 COMPARATIVE 
                 30 
                 25 
                 1 
                 25 
                 99 
                 97 
               
               
                   
                 EXAMPLE 18 
               
               
                   
                 COMPARATIVE 
                 30 
                 25 
                 10 
                 60 
                 97 
                 108 
               
               
                   
                 EXAMPLE 19 
               
               
                   
                 COMPARATIVE 
                 30 
                 25 
                 10 
                 5 
                 90 
                 99 
               
               
                   
                 EXAMPLE 20 
               
               
                   
                 EMBODIMENT 1 
                 30 
                 25 
                 10 
                 25 
                 93 
                 101 
               
               
                   
                 EMBODIMENT 2 
                 30 
                 25 
                 10 
                 25 
                 94 
                 103 
               
               
                   
                 EMBODIMENT 3 
                 30 
                 25 
                 10 
                 25 
                 95 
                 105 
               
               
                   
                 EMBODIMENT 4 
                 30 
                 25 
                 10 
                 25 
                 92 
                 103 
               
               
                   
                 EMBODIMENT 5 
                 30 
                 25 
                 10 
                 25 
                 92 
                 103 
               
               
                   
                 EMBODIMENT 6 
                 30 
                 25 
                 10 
                 25 
                 94 
                 105 
               
               
                   
                 EMBODIMENT 7 
                 30 
                 25 
                 10 
                 25 
                 92 
                 104 
               
               
                   
                 EMBODIMENT 8 
                 30 
                 25 
                 10 
                 25 
                 94 
                 101 
               
               
                   
                 EMBODIMENT 9 
                 30 
                 25 
                 10 
                 25 
                 91 
                 106 
               
               
                   
                 EMBODIMENT 10 
                 30 
                 25 
                 10 
                 25 
                 95 
                 107 
               
               
                   
                 EMBODIMENT 11 
                 20 
                 25 
                 10 
                 25 
                 92 
                 104 
               
               
                   
                 EMBODIMENT 12 
                 40 
                 25 
                 10 
                 25 
                 94 
                 106 
               
               
                   
                 EMBODIMENT 13 
                 50 
                 25 
                 10 
                 25 
                 95 
                 107 
               
               
                   
                 EMBODIMENT 14 
                 30 
                 10 
                 10 
                 25 
                 89 
                 103 
               
               
                   
                 EMBODIMENT 15 
                 30 
                 20 
                 10 
                 25 
                 90 
                 105 
               
               
                   
                 EMBODIMENT 16 
                 30 
                 30 
                 10 
                 25 
                 95 
                 106 
               
               
                   
                 EMBODIMENT 17 
                 30 
                 25 
                 20 
                 25 
                 92 
                 107 
               
               
                   
                 EMBODIMENT 18 
                 30 
                 25 
                 3 
                 25 
                 93 
                 104 
               
               
                   
                 EMBODIMENT 19 
                 30 
                 25 
                 10 
                 50 
                 94 
                 107 
               
               
                   
                 EMBODIMENT 20 
                 30 
                 25 
                 10 
                 10 
                 90 
                 105 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0131]    In Table 2, the position of the end of the first filling material outside in the tire radial direction1 is represented by “+” when it is more outside than the top line PL shown in  FIG. 4  in the tire radial direction, and is expressed by “−” when it is more inside than the flange line PL in the tire radial direction. The numeric value is a ratio to CSH (%). The position of the end of the second filling material outside in the tire radial direction2 is the distance from the carcass baseline BL toward outside in the tire radial direction. The numeric value is a ratio to CSH (%). The position of the end of the second filling material inside in the tire radial direction3 is the distance from the flange line PL toward outside in the tire radial direction. The numeric value is a ratio to CSH (%). The length of the second filling material4 is expressed by a ratio to CSH (%). 
         [0132]    According to the results shown in Table 2, the rolling resistance value is preferable when it is lower than 100. The driving resistance is preferable when it is higher than 100. In consideration of an error and from the viewpoint of market supremacy, the rolling resistance test is acceptable when a difference is 2% or more (i.e., an index value of 98 or less). When an improvement of 5% or more is observed, it can be said an especially large effect. The driving stability test shows a good reproducibility, and it can be acceptable when a difference is 1% or more (i.e., an index value of 101% or more). As shown in Table 2, it is proved that the embodiment 1 to 16 realizes both decreased rolling resistance and improved driving stability, compared with the comparative example 1 to 8. 
         [0133]    All the contents of Japanese Patent Application No. 2010-234658 (filed Oct. 19, 2010), and Japanese Patent Application No. 2011-143088 (filed Jun. 28, 2011) are incorporated in a present specification by reference. 
       INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY 
       [0134]    As described hereinbefore, the pneumatic tire according to the present invention realizes both decreased rolling resistance and improved driving stability at a high level, and is useful in the field of tire manufacturing.

Technology Category: b