Patent Document

RELATED APPLICATIONS  
   The benefit under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) of U.S. provisional application Ser. No. 60/055,751, filed Aug. 14, 1997, is hereby claimed. This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/010,579, filed Nov. 8, 2001, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/134,500, filed Aug. 14, 1998, which are hereby incorporated by reference. The subject matter of U.S. patent applications: Ser. No. 09/134,498, filed Aug. 14, 1998 and entitled “VIDEO CATALOGER SYSTEM WITH EXTENSIBILITY”; Ser. No. 09/134,499, filed Aug. 14, 1998 and entitled “VIDEO CATALOGER SYSTEM WITH HYPERLINKED OUTPUT”; and Ser. No. 09/134,497, filed Aug. 14, 1998 and entitled “VIDEO CATALOGER SYSTEM WITH SYNCHRONIZED ENCODERS” are related to this application. 

   BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
   1. Field of the Invention 
   The present invention generally relates to asset management of digital media, and more specifically, to a system and method for capturing and managing video and associated data. 
   2. Description of the Related Technology 
   Today&#39;s broadcast corporations, advertising agencies, consumer products and services companies, and other businesses have demanding media asset management needs. These organizations have been simultaneously empowered by the growth in tools and infrastructure for creating, storing and transporting media-rich files and challenged by the problem of managing the media assets that they&#39;ve amassed and come to rely upon for their core businesses. The sheer volume of information available over the World Wide Web and corporate networks continues to accelerate. Because media assets are so crucial to these companies, they have an extreme need for an intelligent and efficient way to catalog, browse, search and manage their media assets. Prior attempts at a content management solution have yielded point solutions or proprietary applications. These applications have not leveraged the technologies already deployed by many organizations, such as industry-standard browsers and Web servers. 
   A system is needed that would automatically watch, listen to and read a video stream so as to intelligently extract information, termed metadata, about the content of the video stream in real-time. This information would become the foundation of a rich, frame-accurate index that would provide immediate, non-linear access to any segment of the video. Such a logging process would result in the transformation of an opaque video tape or file, with little more than a label or file name to describe it, into a highly leveragable asset available to an entire organization via the Internet. What was once a time consuming process to find the right piece of footage would be performed instantly and effortlessly by groups of users wishing to quickly and efficiently deploy video across a range of business processes. Television and film production, Web publishing, distance learning, media asset management and corporate communications would all benefit by such technology. 
   SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   In one aspect of the invention, there is a media cataloging and media analysis application which performs real-time, or non-real-time, indexing and distribution of video across an enterprise. A multimedia cataloger is the first application to make video-based solutions pervasive in enterprise markets by creating and publishing intelligent video via the World Wide Web. The multimedia cataloger is the logical starting point for creating or distributing significant amounts of video. The cataloger transforms video into a powerful data type that is both compelling and profitable in both Web and client-server environments. Using advanced media analysis algorithms that automatically watch, listen to and read a video stream, the multimedia cataloger intelligently extracts metadata-keyframes, time codes, textual information and an audio profile from the video in real-time. This information becomes the foundation of a rich, frame-accurate index that provides immediate, non-linear access to any segment of the video. 
   In parallel to the indexing process, the multimedia cataloger may also optionally control the encoding of a streamable version of the original content. Synchronized encoding and indexing allows users to intelligently navigate through the video by using the index to go directly to the exact point of interest, rather than streaming it from start to finish. This approach provides video previewing that is faster than real-time, conserves valuable network bandwidth and dramatically reduces costs associated with editing and repurposing video. 
   The multimedia cataloger permits accessing and distributing media for digital television, Web publishing, distance learning or media asset management initiatives using advanced methods for accessing and leveraging media assets. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       FIG. 1  is a block diagram of one embodiment of a multimedia cataloger system of the present invention. 
       FIG. 2  is an exemplary screen display of a user interface for the multimedia cataloger system shown in  FIG. 1 . 
       FIG. 3  is a block diagram of exemplary input and peripheral components for the multimedia cataloger system shown in  FIG. 1 . 
       FIG. 4  is a block diagram of exemplary components and processes used in the cataloger and encoder portion of the multimedia cataloger system shown in  FIG. 1 . 
       FIG. 5  is an exemplary timeline of encoder start-up and synchronization for the components and processes shown in  FIG. 4 . 
       FIG. 6  is a diagram of an exemplary set of metadata types in a time-based track representation as derived by the cataloger of the multimedia cataloger system shown in  FIG. 1 . 
       FIG. 7  is a block diagram of an object model for the metadata shown in  FIG. 6  along with a software process that manages the metadata. 
       FIG. 8  is a block diagram of the software architecture for the cataloger of the multimedia cataloger system shown in  FIG. 1 . 
       FIG. 9  is a block diagram of the elements of the extensible video engine shown in  FIG. 8 . 
       FIG. 10  is a block diagram of the audio analysis extractor shown in  FIG. 9 . 
       FIG. 11  is a flowchart of the extensible video engine initialization (start-up extensibility initialization) process shown in  FIG. 8 . 
       FIG. 12  is a flowchart of the video encoding (and metadata capture) synchronization process shown in  FIG. 8 . 
       FIG. 13  is a flowchart of the capture metadata process shown in  FIG. 12 . 
       FIG. 14  is a flowchart of the feature extraction process shown in  FIG. 13 . 
       FIG. 15  is a block diagram of the architecture of the HTML output filter shown in  FIG. 9  as used in the multimedia cataloger system shown in  FIG. 1 . 
       FIG. 16  is a flowchart of a HTML output filter process corresponding to the HTML output filter architecture shown in  FIG. 15 . 
       FIG. 17  is an exemplary screen display seen as an output of the HTML output filter process of  FIG. 16  while using a client browser for the multimedia cataloger system shown in  FIG. 1 . 
       FIG. 18  is a block diagram of another embodiment of a multimedia cataloger system of the present invention. 
   

   DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
   The following detailed description of the preferred embodiments presents a description of certain specific embodiments to assist in understanding the claims. However, the present invention can be embodied in a multitude of different ways as defined and covered by the claims. Reference is now made to the drawings wherein like numerals refer to like parts throughout. 
   The detailed description is organized into the following sections: 1. Top Level System Overview, 2. Example User Interface, 3. Cataloger Configuration Detail, 4. Logging and Encoding, 5. Example Timeline, 6. Metadata Track Representation, 7. Metadata Index Object Model, 8. Cataloger Architecture, 9. Extensible Video Engine Architecture, 10. Audio Feature Extractors, 11. Extensible Video Engine Start-up Initialization, 12. Video Encoding and Metadata Synchronization, 13. Capture Metadata, 14. Feature Extraction, 15. HTML Output Filter Architecture, 16. HTML Output Filter Process, 17. Example HTML Output, 18. Alternative System. Before describing the detailed internal engineering of the inventive system, a top level system overview will be helpful. 
   1. Top Level System Overview 
     FIG. 1  depicts a typical system  100  that incorporates a Video Cataloger  110 . The Video Cataloger  110  typically operates in a networked environment which includes data communication lines  112 ,  122 ,  132 , and  142 . Some variants of such a system include:
         Analog Sources  102 : may be any of a number of possible sources, such as an analog or digital tape deck, a laser disc player, a live satellite feed, a live video camera, etc. A video signal, such as NTSC or PAL, is all that is needed for input into the Video Cataloger  110 .   Metadata Server  130 : may be as simple as a file system containing hypertext markup language (HTML) files, or as complex as a relational database supporting a client-server application environment for media management. Client interfaces may be HTML web browsers, Java, or native client applications, for example.   Digital Video Encoding  120 : the existence of digital video is an optional component. It may be the case that the metadata merely indexes video that resides on analog video tapes stored on shelves.   Content Server  140 : may be as simple as a file system containing digital video files, or as complex as a digital video stream server such as those offered by Real Networks, Silicon Graphics Mediabase, Oracle OVS, and the like.   Digital Video Formats: digital video data is encoded by an encoder process  120  and communicated to the Content Server  140  over a network channel  122 . The format of the digital video may be any of a wide variety of formats, such as Real Video (at various bit rates from 20 kbps up to 500 kbps), MPEG-1 (at various bit rates up to 3.5 mbps), MPEG-2 (at various bit rates up to 40 or 50 mbps), MPEG-4, MPEG-7, Motion JPEG, Apple QuickTime, Microsoft AVI, and so forth.
 
2. Example User Interface—Screen Shot
       
     FIG. 2  depicts an example user interface that is representative of the type of graphical user interface (GUI) than could be built around the Video Engine shown in  FIG. 9 . In  FIG. 2 , the Video Cataloger user interface is contained in a window  170 . The main controls are exposed as menus and a tool bar  182 . A panel  172  displays the live video being digitized, with play, stop, etc. controls that interact remotely with the analog source via a deck controller  240  ( FIG. 3 ). Keyframes extracted during the capture process are displayed in a panel  176 , while the corresponding close-caption text and timecodes are displayed in a panel  178 . A panel  184  displays the user-defined clip annotations, created by marking in- and out-points. The columns  186  and  188  display the in- and out-time codes for the marked clip, respectively, while the remaining columns  190 ,  192 ,  194  are an example of a user defined schema of labels to describe the clip. Finally, at the bottom of the window  170  is a timeline  180  that depicts the total time of the capture session, with a highlighted section corresponding to the currently selected range of keyframes. 
   3. Cataloger Configuration Detail 
     FIG. 3  depicts a typical configuration of the Video Cataloger  110  connected to various peripheral devices that interface the Cataloger to an analog source such as the videotape deck  102 , a Deck Controller  240 , and a close caption decoding device  230 . The deck controller  240  is typically an external device that provides protocol translation between an industry standard protocol such as V-LAN, and the native protocol of broadcast devices (such as tape decks) from Sony, Panasonic, etc. An example device is the Video Media Express from Video Media Corp. Some hardware configuration may incorporate the V-LAN controller into a card in the Cataloger workstation, for instance. 
   The close caption text decoder  230  can be an external box as shown, (such as EEG Enterprises Digital Recovery Decoder), or the CC-text decode functionality can be incorporated on the frame capture board inside of the Cataloger workstation. Furthermore, the video signal may be routed through the close caption text decoder  230  (as shown), or it may be split and fed directly to both the video Cataloger  110  and the decoder in parallel. 
   The Video Deck  102  is one example of an analog source. Several others are possible: laser disk, satellite feed, live camera feed, digital disk recorder such as a Tektronix Profile, etc. Some of these configurations would not incorporate the V-LAN control (such as a live or satellite feed). 
   Analog signals  232  may be fed from the Video Deck  102 , through the close caption decoder  230 , into the Video Cataloger  110 . The analog signals correspond to video information which generally includes audio information. Decoded close caption text is passed to the Video Cataloger  110  by a data connection  234  which is typically an RS-232 cable. Deck commands pass from the Video Cataloger  110  to the Deck Controller  240 , and then to the Video Deck  102  by physical data connections  236  and  242  which are typically RS-232 serial connections, but may be other signaling protocols. The time codes proceed from the video deck  102  to the video cataloger  110  via the deck controller  240 . Of course, in alternate implementations, the Video Cataloger  110  may receive video information from a digital source such as a digital camcorder. 
   4. Logging &amp; Encoding—Detail 
   Overview 
     FIG. 4  depicts one of a great variety of possible encoding scenarios, driven by the Video Cataloger. The Video Cataloger software  110  runs on a computer workstation  111 . The “Vidsync” process  260  running on each of the encoder workstations  123 ,  125 ,  127  is responsible for responding to Start and Stop commands from the Video Cataloger  110 , and affecting the start and stop of the corresponding encoding process on each workstation. The analog source  102  will typically need to be split by an audio-video switcher  252  so that the signal can be fed to each receiving workstation without degradation.  FIG. 4  shows examples of Real Video encoding  124 , MPEG-1 encoding  126 , and MPEG-2 encoding  128 . Further information on the Moving Pictures Experts Group (MPEG) encoding standards may be found at the following URL: http://drogo.cselt.stet.it/mpeg. Naturally, other encoding formats are possible. All machines are connected by a data network  250 , which is typically a TCP/IP network, although other network protocols may be employed. 
   Some of the many variations for encoding scenarios include:
         a. Incorporation of an encoder hardware board  126  (such as an MPEG-1 encoder from Optibase, Minerva, etc.) directly inside the Video Cataloger workstation  111 . Because most of the computation occurs on the dedicated board, this is feasible in practice)   b. Use of a stand-alone “black-box” encoder such as those from Lucent and Innovacom for MPEG 1, which do not require a workstation. The black-box simply accepts an analog input, and a network connection to deliver the MPEG data packets to a video server. These boxes are typically rack mounted, and can be configured with up to eight encoders per enclosure. This is ideal for large scale encoding scenarios where several feeds or tape decks must be encoded.   c. Using one, two, or N encoders simultaneously For simple browse applications, a single encoded proxy is all that is needed. For web publishing applications, publishers typically want to encode a low-resolution stream (such as Real Video at 20 kbps) and a high resolution stream (such as Real Video at 100 kbps) to service different users having different Internet connection bandwidths.       

   Command Structure 
   The Cataloger  110  issues commands to each of the Vidsync daemons  260  running on the encoder workstations. These daemons, or processes that are periodically spawned to carry out a specific task and then terminate, are responsible for initiating the encoding process for whatever type of encoding is going to occur. That is, intimate knowledge of the encoding is maintained in Vidsync, and the Cataloger is generic in this respect. The Vidsync daemons also are responsible for returning certain pieces of information to the Cataloger, such as the actual start time, and a digital video asset ID or name for later use. 
   START Command: The Cataloger  110  issues a “start encoding” command via TCP/IP to each of the encoders (Vidsyncs) in parallel. Each of the Vidsyncs  260  then communicates with whatever software and hardware encoding processes/boards are required to initiate encoding. This may also involve communicating with a video server to set up an encoding session, and may take from 1 to several seconds. Thus, each encoder process may have a different actual start time. The Vidsync daemons then return the actual start time and a digital video asset ID to the Cataloger  110 . When all Vidsyncs  260  have returned, the metadata capture begins at a nominal T=0 time. Each of the actual start times is stored as a delta-time from this T=0 time. When a piece of metadata (such as a keyframe) is used to index the digital video, an absolute time from the beginning of the digital video is computed by adding the delta-time to the time-code of the metadata. 
   STOP Command: The Video Cataloger  110  issues a “stop encoding” command via TCP/IP to each of the encoders in parallel. 
   5. Example Timeline 
     FIG. 5  illustrates the timing associated with video encoder start-up and synchronization. Each timeline  123 ,  125 ,  127  represents a separate video encoder. The Video Cataloger  110  issues a Start Command  290 . Some time after that, each encoder actually begins encoding, resulting in an “actual start time”  292 . After all the encoders have started, the Video Cataloger  110  itself begins cataloging metadata, at a time nominally labeled “T=0”  294 . Thus, each encoder has a start offset ‘delta’ time  296 . This delta time is then stored with the video metadata to be used later when a video stream is requested, to insure the offset is accounted for in time code calculations. 
   6. Metadata Track Representation 
     FIG. 6  is a logical illustration of a number of metadata types in the form of the preferred time-based track representation. The keyframe track  320  consists of a set of individual keyframes  340 ,  342 ,  344 ,  346 ,  348 ,  350 ,  352  which have been intelligently extracted from the video based on visual information and scene changes by the Keyframe Extractor  512  ( FIG. 9 ). Each keyframe is time stamped for later correlation with the digital video or a time-code on a videotape. 
   The close caption text (cc-text) track  322  consists of sentences of text parsed from the cc-text input by the cc-text extractor  514  ( FIG. 9 ). Each text element spans a period of time in the video, denoted by an in-time and an out-time. 
   Likewise, the remaining metadata tracks (Audio Classes  324 , Speech  326 , Speaker ID  328 , Keywords  330 ) are each a parcel of metadata spanning a time period, and are extracted by their corresponding feature extractor shown in  FIG. 9 . 
   The Clip Track  332  is somewhat unique in that the definition/creation of this metadata is performed by a user using the GUI to mark in- and out-times, and type in associated alphanumeric data Each bar in the Clip Track consists of a user-defined group of metadata fields that are application specific. The bar length is timespan from intime to outtime. Clips may be overlapping. Typically, the clips all have the same schema. For instance, metadata may include: Story Title, Report, Location, Shot Date, Air Date, Keywords, Summary, and so on. Each bar shows a clip label. So for instance, the clip labelled “Logo” may make use of the Story Title data item. Lastly, a Custom Trk is shown to indicate that metadata is extensible. That is, unique metadata can be defined and added to the Video Cataloger  110  by a user. Custom metadata tracks could include information provided in collateral data to the video information. For instance, global positioning satellite (GPS) data specifying latitude and longitude of a video camera and telemetry data of a vehicle carrying a video camera are examples of such collateral data. 
   7. Metadata Index Object Model 
     FIG. 7  is an Object Model of the same logical metadata illustrated in  FIG. 6 . The elements of this diagram depict the software objects and processes that manage this metadata. The main object, the Metadata Track Index Manager  402 , is the manager of the entire index of metadata. It is extensible in that it allows registration of individual metadata track data types, and then manages the commitment of instances of that data into the index by feature extractors. There is one global metadata structure (the Session Level metadata  404 ) that is not time based, and contains metadata that pertains to the entire video. Here, for example, is where the information for managing and time-synching the encoded video resides (digital video ID&#39;s and actual start time offsets). User defined annotations may also exist here. Each of the metadata tracks is a collection of data objects  406 ,  408 ,  410 ,  412 , etc. that hold the metadata for a specific feature extractor, and are sequenced in time according to their in- and out-times. 
   The metadata index also provides access for outputting metadata (data read-out) used by the Output Filters. 
   In an object oriented programming implementation, every Track data type is derived from a “virtual base class” that provides the basic functions for insertion, deletion, read-out, etc., and defines storage for the in-time and out-time of each metadata element. Such an implementation may be coded in the C++ programming language. One exemplary reference guide is C++ Primer by Stanley Lippman, Second Edition, Addison Wesley, which is hereby incorporated by reference. 
   
     
       
             
           
             
             
             
           
         
             
               TABLE 1 
             
           
           
             
                 
             
             
               Track Data Types 
             
           
        
         
             
                 
               Metadata Data 
                 
             
             
               Track 
               Type 
               Notes 
             
             
                 
             
             
               Virtual Base 
               untyped (void *) 
               Defines In-time and Out-time 
             
             
               Class 
                 
               for all tracks 
             
             
               Keyframe Track 
               image (bitmap) 
               In-time equals Out-time, i.e., key- 
             
             
                 
                 
               frame is a point in time 
             
             
               CC-text Track 
               Text fragment 
               Each text fragment is typically a 
             
             
                 
                 
               sentence (but not required to be so) 
             
             
                 
                 
               and spans a time interval 
             
             
               Audio Class 
               Enumerated 
               Speech, Silence, Music, Applause, 
             
             
               Track 
               Classes 
               Siren, etc . . . , each spanning a 
             
             
                 
                 
               time interval when that classifica- 
             
             
                 
                 
               tion was valid 
             
             
               Speech Track 
               Text fragment 
               Each text fragment spans a time 
             
             
                 
                 
               interval 
             
             
               Keyword Track 
               Word (text) 
               keyword utterance spans a short 
             
             
                 
                 
               (1/2 sec) time interval 
             
             
               Speaker ID Track 
               Enumerated 
               Identifiers of individuals whose 
             
             
                 
               Classes 
               speech is recognized . . . each 
             
             
                 
                 
               Speaker ID spans a time interval 
             
             
                 
                 
               when that speaker was speaking 
             
             
               Clip Track 
               Label Set (user 
               Different Label Set schemas can be 
             
             
                 
               defined set of 
               used in different applications. Each 
             
             
                 
               labels): Text, 
               Label Set is applied to all clips 
             
             
                 
               Enums, Dates, 
               within a Cataloging session. The 
             
             
                 
               Numbers, etc. 
               Clip definition spans a time inter- 
             
             
                 
                 
               val marked by the user. Each Label 
             
             
                 
                 
               field value is entered manually by 
             
             
                 
                 
               the user. 
             
             
               Custom 
               Data type defined 
               Typically, a custom metadata 
             
             
                 
               by plug-in 
               generator uses a custom track data 
             
             
                 
                 
               type for storing its metadata. It 
             
             
                 
                 
               could also re-use existing track 
             
             
                 
                 
               data types such as Text Fragment. 
             
             
                 
             
           
        
       
     
   
   Table 1 is a summary of the various standard metadata tracks, detailing the data types of each, and providing descriptive notes. 
   8. Video Cataloger—Architecture 
     FIG. 8  is a global architecture illustration of the entire Video Cataloger software process  420 . The main components of this software are the Media Capture Services  430 , the Video Encoding and Synchronization facility  450 , the Start-up Extensibility Initialization manager  470 , and the core Extensible Video Engine component  440 . The details of the core Extensible Video Engine  440  are provided in  FIG. 9 . The Video Encoding and Synchronization module  450  is responsible for communicating with the “Vidsync” daemon processes running on the video encoders, e.g.,  123 ,  125  and  127  ( FIG. 4 ). The Media Capture Services  430  are further described in conjunction with  FIG. 9 . 
   The registration interfaces for the extensible aspects of the Extensible Video Engine  440  are explicitly shown in  FIG. 8 . Upon start-up of the Video Cataloger  110 , registration processes are invoked for the four primary extensibility aspects of the Video Cataloger: Metadata track registration  476 , Feature Extractor registration  472 , Output Filter registration  478 , and Event registration  472 . A set of output filters  484  are installed during system start-up. These registration processes, as well as user input and output functions  550 ,  554 , are further described in conjunction with  FIG. 11  below. 
   9. Extensible Video Engine—Architecture 
     FIG. 9  depicts the main architectural elements of the extensible Video Engine  440 . Incoming media is processed by the Media Capture Services  430  consisting of Timecode Capture  502 , Video Capture  504 , Audio Capture  506 , and Text Capture  508 . Digital media  509  is then made available to the Feature Extractor Framework  510  for processing. Metadata from the Feature Extractors  512 ,  514 ,  516 ,  518 ,  520 ,  522  is then committed to the Metadata Track Index Manager  530  in a time based track representation as shown in  FIGS. 6 and 7 . 
   During metadata capture, the user may mark video clips and annotate them. This input  552  is captured by the GUI Input Capture element  550 . Event monitoring  540  and dispatch  544  also occurs during capture, driven by an Event Dictionary  542 . Finally, when capture is complete, the metadata may be output in a variety of formats such as Virage Data Format (VDF)  562 , HTML  564 , XML  566 , SMIL  568  and other  570 , which are managed by the Output Filter Manager  560 . A VDF API and Toolkit may be licensed from Virage of San Mateo, Calif. Furthermore, the use of the format is described in “Virage VDF Toolkit Programmer&#39;s Reference”. One reference for the eXtensible Mark-up Language (XML) is the following URL: http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml which is a subpage for the W3C. Also, information on Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL) may be accessed at the W3C site. 
   The Metadata track Index Manager  530  represents the object that manages the multiplicity of metadata tracks. When data is committed to the track index by either a feature extractor  512 - 522  or GUI input  550  and  552  (i.e., user marks clips and annotates them), this can trigger display updates as follows: the particular metadata track that receives the data decides if this requires a display update. If so, it sends a message to the GUI Display Update Manager  554  which marks the relevant GUI object as “dirty” and in need of a redraw. In Windows Microsoft Foundation Classes (MFC), the event model allows Windows to detect these dirty GUI objects and issue redraw messages to them directly (see FIG. 12-Get Event) 
   The core aspects of extensibility are:
         Extensible Track data types are registered with the Metadata Track Index Manager  530 . Any desired data representation can be defined and installed, such as region markers, OCR text and confidence values, face identifiers, camera parameters (pan, tilt, zoom), etc. Any property that a feature extractor chooses to extract can be placed in a custom metadata track.   Extensible Feature Extractors can be registered with the Feature Extractor Framework  510  to operate on digital media, or on any collateral data they may choose to collect when called.   Extensible Event triggers: event criteria (e.g., cc-text “clinton”, or audio_class=“tone”) can be registered in the Event Dictionary  542 , and arbitrary actions can be registered and triggered (e.g., grab a keyframe right then, or stop capture). The Event Monitor  540  monitors the incoming metadata to decide if an event is triggered. If so, it sends a message to the Event Dispatcher  544  which invokes the corresponding action  546  for the event.   Extensible Output Filters may be registered with the Output Filter Manager  560 . Further discussion of Output Filters is provided below with respect to  FIGS. 15 and 16 .   Time code capture  502  is typically via VLAN (as in  FIG. 3 ), but may come from a variety of sources. Time code capture is another aspect of extensibility (though not core) since we have a plug-in for time-code extraction
 
10. Audio Feature Extractors
       

     FIG. 10  depicts the architectural components of the audio analysis feature extractors  516  in one embodiment of the Video Engine  440 . As can be seen in the diagram, there are various cross-couplings between these feature extractors, which may not be precluded in the extensibility mechanisms managed by the feature extractor framework  510  ( FIG. 9 ). 
   The analog audio signal  592  is captured and digitized by audio digitization device  506 , which may be any standard audio digitization device, such as a Sound Blaster audio card for a PC. The digital signal is then normalized by a software component  596  to account for variability in signal amplitude (volume). The normalized digital audio signal  598  is then fed into an Audio Class Profiler  600  which classifies the signal into one of several possible categories, such as “speech”, “music”, “silence”, “applause”, etc., where each of the categories may be trainable using well understood techniques, and is stored in a Class Dictionary  602 . An Audio Classification (AC) Engine  604  is a modular component that is available from multiple vendors, or may be proprietary. One skilled in the relevant technology may evaluate and utilize a specific engine depending on the application requirements. 
   When the Audio Class Profiler  600  detects that the class is “speech”, it triggers switch  610  which then allows the normalized digital audio signal  598  to pass into additional feature extractors which are capable of processing speech. A speech transcription module  620  is designed to interface with any available Speech Recognition Engine  624  using an industry standard interface  626 , such as the “Speech API”, or SAPI defined by Microsoft. Typically, the Speech Recognition Engine  624  utilizes a Vocabulary Dictionary  622  to aid in the speech recognition process and improve accuracy by limiting the speech domain, although this is not required. It is a typical feature of existing speech recognition engines available on the market today. Examples include offerings from IBM, BBN, Dragon Systems, SRI, and so on. 
   The output of the Speech Transcription Feature Extractor  620  may then be further processed as follows: the full text  628  of the transcription process may be used directly as metadata; additionally, a Keyword Spotting Feature Extractor  640  may be employed to selectively identify keywords of interest, and produce a text output  648  limited to the keywords specified by a Domain Dictionary  642 . A Domain Dictionary Engine  644  is responsible for making these selections. Again, the Domain Dictionary  644  Engine is typically a modular component that may be one of several available, interfacing with the Keyword Feature Extractor normally via a standard interface  646  such as the Domain Dictionary API, or DDAPI. 
   The normalized digital audio signal containing speech can also be fed into a Speaker ID Feature Extractor  630  to identify individual speakers by name. A Speaker ID Engine  634  may also be a modular component that is offered by several speech recognition vendors, and interfaces with the Speaker ID Feature Extractor  630  typically via an industry standard interface  636  such as the SVAPI. Typically, the Speaker ID Engine utilizes a Speaker Dictionary  632  to constrain the space of possible speakers, and store signatures or sample speech of individual speakers which are used during speaker identification. 
   11. Extensible Video Engine Start-up Initialization—Flowchart 
     FIG. 11  is the process flowchart for the start-up initialization of the Video Cataloger  110  ( FIG. 1 ). This flowchart depicts the process for registering data types, algorithms, and events which are important to the extensibility features of the Video Cataloger  110 . 
   Upon start-up of the Video Cataloger, the extensible video engine initialization process  470  is executed by the workstation  111 . Starting at a begin step  702 , the process  470  moves to step  704  to install metadata tracks. This occurs first since later extensions (mainly Feature Extractors) may then utilize the track data types previously installed. Built-in Track Types are installed first at step  704 , followed by installation of custom track types defined by plug-in modules at steps  706  to  710 . For each track plug-in, the data representation defined by that plug-in is installed at step  708 . 
   Next, feature extractors are installed. The built-in feature extractors are first installed at step  714 , followed by feature extractors defined by plug-ins at steps  716  to  722 . For each plug-in feature extractor, it is first registered at step  718  with the Feature Extraction Framework  510  ( FIG. 9 ). At step  720 , each of these plug-in feature extractors may request a metadata track type to receive its metadata. 
   Following the feature extractor initialization, the Output Filters are initialized. As with the other elements, the built-in Output Filters are installed first at step  724 , followed by the installation of plug-in Output Features at steps  726  to  730 . 
   Finally, Events are registered. All events are application specific (i.e., there are no built-in events), and are registered by plug-ins starting at steps  734  to  740 . Each plug-in may define one or more events in the dictionary at step  736 , and each event will have an associated event handler registered with it at step  738 . The extensibility initialization process  470  completes at an end step  742 . 
   12. Video Encoding/Synchro—Flowchart 
     FIG. 12  details an important aspect of the present invention, which is the control and synchronization of the video encoding process with the metadata capture process. This synchronization is necessary because time-code indices within the metadata elements should correspond to correct and known points within the digital video that results from the encoding process. 
   When video capture is initiated by the user, the video encoding process  450  starts at a begin step  762  and moves to step  764  wherein the Video Cataloger  110  ( FIG. 1 ) first issues a Start Encoding command to each of N video encoders in parallel by spawning process threads  766  for each encoder present. A process thread or a lightweight process is well understood by computer technologists. This command/control is effected by the “Vidsync” daemon process  260  ( FIG. 4 ) running on each encoder station. These Start commands are issued in parallel so that all the encoders begin encoding as close together in time as possible. However, their exact start times will not in general, be coincident. For this reason, the Vidsync process  260  returns the actual start times to the encoder flow control, and these times are stored by the Video Cataloger  110  with the video metadata in step  774  for later use. Next, the general process of capturing metadata occurs in step  776  until the process is stopped by the user. The details of the metadata capture process  776  are provided in  FIG. 13 . When capture is done, Stop Encoding commands are sent in parallel to each encoder (via Vidsync) by spawning process threads  780 . It is of no consequence that the N encoders may stop encoding at slightly different times, as no metadata is associated with these time intervals. 
   13. Capture Metadata—Flowchart 
     FIG. 13  details the metadata capture process  776  which is an important activity of the Video Engine  440  of  FIG. 9 . The metadata capture process  776  was first introduced in  FIG. 12 . 
   The capture process  776  begins with the scheduling of a system timer event in step  804  set to go off 1/30 of a second in the future. The control flow of the process  776  immediately proceeds to the Get Event step  806  where other system events (besides the timer event) may be processed. When an event occurs, control passes to the Event Dispatcher  808  which decides if the event is one of the two types of events: a normal GUI event, or the scheduled timer event. 
   For a GUI event, the event is first inspected in step  812  to determine if it is an End Capture event, in which case the capture process loop terminates. If not, processing proceeds to step  816  to handle the GUI event (such as keystroke, window resized, etc.). Some GUI events may generate metadata (if the user marked a video clip), which is determined in step  818 . If metadata (a video clip) was in fact generated, that metadata is committed to the Metadata Track Index Manager  530  ( FIG. 9 ) during step  820 . This also necessitates a GUI redraw, so the affected parts of the GUI are marked for Redraw in step  822 . 
   If the event dispatched in  808  is the timer event, this signifies that feature extraction of metadata from the video signals is to take place at a feature extraction process  810 . The details of the feature extraction process  810  are provided in conjunction with  FIG. 14 . Once feature extraction is complete, control moves to step  804  where the next timer event is scheduled. 
   This flow of activity is tied to the event model of the operating system under which the software application is running. The flow that is shown is an event model that is typical of a Windows MFC-based application. Other operating system platforms, such as Unix, have event models that differ somewhat. The event model illustrates how the feature extraction process fits into an application event framework. Note that, in the depicted embodiment, the Get Event task  806  is a call out to Windows MFC, which processes Redraw Events by calling the Redraw method of the appropriate GUI elements directly (this process diagram does not “call” the Redraw methods directly). Note that it is acceptable if feature extraction takes more than 1/30 second. 
   14. Feature Extraction—Flowchart 
     FIG. 14  details the feature extraction process  810 , which is an important aspect of the present invention, relying on the innovative architecture of  FIG. 9 . 
   The feature extraction process  810  begins at a start step  842  and proceeds to step  844  where the current time code is obtained by module  502  of  FIG. 9 . This time code is used by all feature extractors to time-stamp the metadata they extract. Next, all digital media is captured in step  846  by modules  504 ,  506 , and  508  of  FIG. 9 . This digital media is then passed on to the Feature Extractor Framework  510  ( FIG. 9 ) for processing. The Feature Extractor Framework  510  spawns a process thread  850  for each feature extractor. Each feature extractor processes the digital media in step  852  in whatever way it desires, for example, extract a keyframe, classify the audio signal, etc. In certain cases, but not all, some metadata will be generated from this process. Step  854  determines if this is the case, and if so, the metadata is passed to the Metadata Track Index Manager  530  ( FIG. 9 ) during step  856 . Since metadata is usually displayed in real-time in the GUI, the GUI is marked for redraw in step  858 . One particular exemplary feature: extractor for video keyframes is described in the pending U.S. patent application entitled “Key Frame Selection” filed on Jun. 6, 1997. 
   When all feature extractor threads complete, as determined at wait (synchronization) step  862 , control is returned to the capture metadata process at end step  864 . 
   15. HTML Output Filter—Architecture 
   The Output Filter Manager  560  ( FIG. 8 ) may utilize a HTML output filter  564  in one embodiment. Referring to  FIG. 15 , elements of  FIGS. 1 ,  2  and  9  are shown together as utilized in generating HTML output. The user may invoke a GUI command such as the “Save-As” command on the “File” menu  553 , which in turn provides a list of output filter choices (HTML, Real Networks SMIL, XML, custom, etc.). When the HTML filter  564  is invoked, it accesses the metadata in the Metadata Track Index Manager  530  and processes it into HTML form in a browser window  916  ( FIG. 17 ), which also involves keyframe images in a keyframe frame  176  ( FIG. 2 ) or  904  ( FIG. 17 ), and the digital video  142  ( FIG. 1 ) or as seen in a video frame  896  ( FIG. 17 ). 
   For instance, hyperlinks may be formed from displayed keyframes to video sequences. 
   The digital video  142  may or may not be served by a content server  140 . For instance, it could be a simple file on the file system of the client computer or, say, a networked mass storage device visible to the computer. 
   Some key features of the Video Cataloger HTML output are:
         a. The HTML files used to generate the display in the browser window  916  ( FIG. 17 ) are completely stand-alone, internally linked HTML, such that no Web server is required. Exemplary HTML files are provided in the Appendix and are described in conjunction with  FIG. 17  below.   b. It incorporates play-back of digital video  142  from a file or from a video server  140 . That is, the digital video may be streamed directly to the browser, or it may simply be played from a local file on disk. The stand-alone aspect is strengthened when the digital video is a local file. This way, all of the content (HTML, keyframes, digital video) could be packaged up, compressed, and e-mailed to someone.   c. All metadata is cross-referenced/cross-linked based on time-codes.   d. Digital video is independent of the HTML representation—any digital video source can be linked into the playback frame.
 
16. HTML Output Filter—Flowchart
       

     FIG. 16  details a HTML export process  890  from the Video Cataloger. This process  890  is performed by module  564  identified in  FIGS. 9 and 15 . 
   The output process  890  starts at a begin step  892  and proceeds to step  894  to process the session level metadata. This metadata is not time-based, but rather is descriptive of the entire logging session. The session level metadata corresponds to the information  404  generated by the Metadata Track Index Manager  402  shown in  FIG. 7 . The nature of the session level metadata is a schema which may be defined by the user, in addition to standard items such as the location where the video is taken. This information is encapsulated in an HTML frame  896  used to view this data on request, and is linked to the main HTML frame  916 . 
   The next step is to process the keyframe track in step  898 . Keyframe images, which are captured raster images, may be converted to JPEG images suitable for display in a web browser. JPEG is but one possible viewable format. For convenience, the JPEG image files  900  may be stored in a separate subdirectory of the Cataloger file system. At step  902 , the keyframe track is then further processed by constructing an HTML keyframe frame containing the keyframe time code information used to invoke video playback in  896 , and establishes hyperlinks directly to the corresponding JPEG images  900 . 
   Next, the close caption text track is processed in step  906 . The cc-text is output into an HTML frame, with hyperlinks created from time-codes into the keyframes of the HTML keyframe frame  904 . This allows the user to click on cc-text elements, and invoke the corresponding set of related keyframes. 
   Video Clips are processed in step  910 . The clips (defined by in- and out-times, and a user defined set of text labels) are output into an HTML Clip frame  912 . The time codes are used to establish hyperlinks into the corresponding close caption text  908 , and the corresponding keyframes in keyframe frame  904 . 
   Finally, a main HTML page that incorporates the above frames is constructed in step  914 . This HTML page embeds all the other frames for display and navigation. A video play-out helper application to decode and display video can be embedded in the web page frame. Examples of helper applications include RealPlayer (for RealVideo), Compcore SoftPEG (for MPEG) and Apple Quicktime. 
   Exemplary reference guides which could be useful to write the code to automatically generate HTML are HTML: The Definitive Guide, The second Edition (1997) Chuck Musciano and Bill Kennedy, O&#39;Reilly &amp; Associates, Inc. and “Treat Yourself Web Publishing with HTML”, Laura LeMay, Sams Publishing, 1995, which are hereby incorporated by reference. 
   Note that this process flow is one example which incorporates a subset of all available metadata tracks. The output process  890  described above generated the exemplary screen shot in  FIG. 17 . 
   17. Example HTML Output—Screen Shot 
   Referring to  FIGS. 16 and 17 , a screen shot of the HTML output as seen at a client browser and as generated by the HTML output process  890  ( FIG. 16 ) will be described. Element  896  corresponds to the video frame in the upper left portion of the screen display. Element  904  corresponds to the keyframe frame in the lower left portion of the screen display. Element  908  corresponds to the cc-text frame in the lower right portion of the screen display. Element  912  corresponds to the clip frame in the upper right portion of the screen display. Element  916  corresponds to the whole browser window. As with most browsers, including Microsoft Explorer and Netscape Navigator, if the displayable page is larger than the physical display, the browser will cause the page to be scrolled. Video data is retrieved by sending a time code to the embedded player application. The player application then retrieves the video, seeks to the requested time code (in-time), and begins playback. The user can interrupt the playback using standard VCR type controls on the player. 
   The HTML code for an exemplary screen display is provided in the Appendix. Sheet A of the Appendix lists the directory names (clip and icons) and file names at a top level. Sheet B lists the files in the clip directory, while sheets C, D and E list the files in the icons directory. Sheet F lists the HTML code for the top level index.html file which provides the framework for the display shown in the browser window  916  ( FIG. 17 ). Sheet G lists the contents of the topr.html file (as would be seen in the clip frame  912  ( FIG. 17 )). Sheet H lists the contents of the video_label.html file. Sheet I lists the contents of the video_mbase.html file. Sheet J lists the contents of the video_netshow.html file. Sheet K lists the contents of the video_noproxy.html file. Sheet L lists the contents of the video_ovs.html file. Sheet M lists the contents of the video_real.html file. Sheets J, K, L, and M may be used to provide the proxy video to allow different video formats to be displayed in the video frame  896  ( FIG. 17 ). Sheet N lists the contents, including a set of keyframes and corresponding timecodes (as would be seen in the keyframe frame  904  (FIG.  17 )), of the 0001.html file in the clips directory. Sheet P lists the contents, including a set of icons in a closed-caption text frame (as would be seen in the cc-text frame  908  (FIG.  17 )), of the 000r.html file in the clips directory. The remaining sheets in the Appendix are alternate instances of the contents shown in exemplary sheets N and P. Of course, other programming languages besides HTML code could be used to implement hyperlinked output conversion. 
   18. Alternative System 
   An alternate embodiment  940  of the video encoding process, which involves a video server  942 , is shown in  FIG. 18 . In this scenario, digital video is encoded in a MPEG stream on the Cataloger workstation  111 . The data stream is broadcast as a set of UDPs (Universal Datagram Packets)  946  on a specific port number (configurable). UDPs is a standard which is a member of the IP family of protocols. When cataloging begins, the Video Cataloger  110  sends a START command  944  to a Vidsync process  260  which is running on the content server  140  where the video server software process  942  is running. Vidsync  260  in turn tells the video server  942  to “start listening” for UDP packets  946  on the specific port number. The video server  942  then begins “catching” the UDP packets  946 , and converting the MPEG data into a digital video asset on that server  942 . As always, metadata  112  is sent from the Video Cataloger  110  to the metadata server  130  in parallel to this encoding process. When a STOP command  944 ′ is issued, Vidsync  260  signals the video server  942  to stop listening for the UDP packets  946 . 
   In point of fact, the allocations of support hardware, computer workstations and software processes are only described here as but one example. Many other functional partitions can be defined to implement the present invention. 
   While the above detailed description has shown, described, and pointed out the fundamental novel features of the invention as applied to various embodiments, it will be understood that various omissions and substitutions and changes in the form and details of the system illustrated may be made by those skilled in the art, without departing from the concepts of the invention.

Technology Category: g