Patent Document

TECHNICAL FIELD 
       [0001]    The present invention is related, in general, to electronic communication, and, more particularly, to instant electronic meetings from within a current computer application. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0002]    The first Internet was a communications system funded and built by researchers for military use. This Internet, originally known as ARPANET, was embraced by the research and academic communities as a mechanism for scientists to share and collaborate with other scientists. This collaborative network quickly evolved into the information superhighway of commerce and communication. The Internet explosion was due, in part, to the development of the World Wide Web (WWW) and graphically-based Web browsers, which facilitated a more graphically-oriented, multimedia system that uses the infrastructure of the Internet to provide information in a graphical, visual, and interactive manner that appeals to a wider audience of consumers seeking instant gratification. 
         [0003]    As the technology underlying transmission bandwidth has grown in conjunction with the accessibility to such increasing transmission bandwidth, a new paradigm for the old idea of Internet collaboration is emerging that takes advantage of the modern graphical, visual world. This new paradigm is also driven by the advance in real-time or time-sensitive data transmission technology, such as Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) technology, and the like. Non-Internet videoconferencing, which has generally never been able to completely supplant teleconferencing as a viable means for reliable communications, is slowly fading away in favor of Internet-driven technology, such as collaborative electronic meetings. Services, such as WEBEX COMMUNICATIONS, INC.&#39;S, WEBEX™ electronic meeting or collaboration services offer the ability for users to connect at least initially, across the Internet to share voice, video, and data in real time for meetings, presentations, training, commercial sales, or the like. 
         [0004]    Traditionally, electronic meetings or web conferences involve a virtual meeting room which supports various forms of communication such as voice/video communications, document sharing, application sharing, and screen-sharing applications. To launch a web conference, an organizer generally gives each participant a conference time and a Uniform Resource Locator (URL) that connects to the website supporting the virtual meeting room. Accordingly, communication typically begins when participants enter the correct URL during the designated time. However, such a method of web communication prevents spontaneity because the organizer generally coordinates the meeting time and place first, and then supplies the correct URL. Spontaneity is not as critical for typical business related conferences, but in the consumer world, spontaneity is generally very important. As such, if a consumer wants to communicate with a business representative via a web conference, as the technology currently exists, the representative typically still establishes a time and place for the conference and provides the consumer with the proper URL before the conference can begin. Furthermore, if the consumer or representative has the wrong information, the conference will typically fail because one of the participants cannot access the virtual meeting room. In a consumer world that seeks instant gratification and instant information for making purchasing decisions, this cumbersome communication process deters those consumers from seeking immediate assistance thereby decreasing the potential business and diminishes the value of web conferencing for consumer-related applications. 
         [0005]    The time delay and administrative overhead of pre-planned web conferences was partially resolved for more immediate-minded interactions by establishing hyperlink-embedded advertisements, such as banner advertisements (banner ads). For example, a consumer sees a banner ad in an application (e.g., a website, a web application, and the like) that includes a “Talk Now” button. Once selected by the consumer, the URL link embedded in the ad takes the consumer out of context of the current application or website and into the business&#39;s website. The consumer may have an entire new browser window opened or may have the currently-opened browser jump to the new website. 
         [0006]    This process gets the consumer to the business&#39; website, where the consumer may have to wade through several screens of marketing material or advertisements before being presented with a communication option. Furthermore, in order to initiate live communication with a business representative, both the business representative and the consumer generally need to have the same communication application. This may be facilitated by using a common or popular communication application, such as one of the instant messaging (IM) applications, a phone number, or maybe a proprietary application offered by the business. If a proprietary application is used, the consumer would typically need to download and install that application before beginning communication. 
         [0007]    Moreover, some businesses or vendors do not maintain websites. Individuals who perform services in a home-based business, sole proprietorship, or other small business may not necessarily maintain a website or, at least, a website with more than just contact information. Such non-web vendors would generally have no adequate means for participating in a similar type of banner ad-driven communication system. 
         [0008]    A feature developed to leverage the ubiquity of phones with the Internet is called pay-per-call advertisements. Generally, a pay-per-call advertisement features an advertisement, such as a banner ad, for a service, product, or the like. When a consumer selects the advertisement a separate application or applet, such as a dialer box, pops up prompting for the consumer&#39;s phone number. After the consumer enters the phone number, the dialer box places phone calls to the consumer&#39;s phone number and the business&#39; phone number, which is typically stored in the code of the advertisement. After both lines are connected, the consumer and business representatives communicate over the telephone. However, this means of communication is limited in that it supports only telephone-based conferences. Furthermore, a consumer may be hesitant to enter his or her phone number, believing that by doing so, he or she would become subject to telemarketing calls or other personal phone-based invasions. Especially in cases where the business&#39; phone number or any other contact information is not displayed in the advertisement, which it would not require. 
         [0009]    Such limitations are partially overcome by Instant Messaging (IM) which supports a variety of communications including text, video, voice, and data. Traditional communication over the internet via IM requires each participant use the same IM client such as AMERICA ONLINE-INSTANT MESSENGER® (AIM(®) or YAHOO MESSENGER®. When a user wants to launch a communication session, the user logs into an TM client, selects a buddy from his/her buddy list, and sends the buddy an invitation to communicate. Thereafter, if the buddy is currently logged into the same IM client, the IM client sends the invitation to the buddy asking whether the buddy wants to join a communication session. If the buddy accepts, the IM client launches the communication session, and the user and buddy communicate via the IM client application. 
         [0010]    Accordingly, traditional IM communications have considerable limitations. First, because different IM clients are generally not compatible with each other, IM requires both the user and buddy to utilize the same IM client. Therefore, in a business setting, if the consumer utilizes AIMO and the business utilizes YAHOO MESSENGER®, the consumer and business generally can not communicate. Furthermore, traditional IM clients do not allow strangers to set up web conferences. Therefore, if a consumer wants to communicate with a business, the consumer typically must search for the business&#39;s IM user name, add the business to his/her buddy list, and then the user can send the business an invitation to communicate. Such a process again slows communication, thereby undermining spontaneity. 
       BRIEF SUMMARY 
       [0011]    The present invention is directed to a real time communication system, method, and computer program product for allowing a real time communication session to be initiated and maintained from within an on-going web-based application without leaving the context of the underlying web application. Within the web-based application, a web frame or portlet is displayed that can maintain a separate and independent communication channel with data resources and other external resources. When activated by a user of the web application, the web frame or portlet establishes a communication link with the data source or external resource and another one or more parties that will take part in a communication exchange. The interaction between the user and the other participant are displayed and managed from within the web frame or portlet without affecting the state of the underlying web application. This interaction may also involve chat, voice, video, file sharing, screen sharing, and the like. Audio data may include telephony standards, such as VoIP, session initiation protocol (SIP), and the like. Thus, the communication session between the user and the remote participant may take place in real-time upon the user selecting a communication trigger displayed within the web application and does so without removing the user from the context of the underlying web application, even when the interaction causes the portlet or web frame to resize or expand to overlap part of the underlying web application. 
         [0012]    The foregoing has outlined rather broadly the features and technical advantages of the present invention in order that the detailed description of the invention that follows may be better understood. Additional features and advantages of the invention will be described hereinafter which form the subject of the claims of the invention. It should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the conception and specific embodiment disclosed may be readily utilized as a basis for modifying or designing other structures for carrying out the same purposes of the present invention. It should also be realized by those skilled in the art that such equivalent constructions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims. The novel features which are believed to be characteristic of the invention, both as to its organization and method of operation, together with further objects and advantages will be better understood from the following description when considered in connection with the accompanying figures. It is to be expressly understood, however, that each of the figures is provided for the purpose of illustration and description only and is not intended as a definition of the limits of the present invention. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0013]    For a more complete understanding of the present invention, reference is now made to the following descriptions taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawing, in which: 
           [0014]      FIG. 1  shows a bock diagram illustrating one embodiment of an electronic communications system configured according to the embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0015]      FIG. 2  is a block diagram illustrating a real time communication system configured according to one embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0016]      FIG. 3A  is a screen shot illustrating a web page operating with a portlet configured according to one embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0017]      FIG. 3B  is a screen shot illustrating the web page further displaying the portlet configured according to one embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0018]      FIG. 3C  is a screen shot illustrating the web page with the portlet configured according to one embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0019]      FIG. 3D  is a screen shot illustrating the web page including the portlet configured according to one embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0020]      FIG. 4A  is a screen shot illustrating a web page displaying a web frame configured according to one embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0021]      FIG. 4B  is a screen shot illustrating the web page further displaying the web frame configured according to one embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0022]      FIG. 4C  is a screen shot illustrating the web page further displaying the web frame configured according to one embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0023]      FIG. 5  is a flowchart illustrating example steps executed to implement one embodiment of the present invention; and 
           [0024]      FIG. 6  illustrates a computer system adapted to use embodiments of the present invention. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0025]      FIG. 1  shows a bock diagram illustrating one embodiment of an electronic communications system  10  configured according to one embodiment of the present invention. In this communications system example, user computer  100  is currently running a computer application such as word processor, graphics program, website, or the like. While user computer  100  runs the current application, the user can communicate with another person from within the currently running application. User computer  100  equips the user with a variety of communication options including voice communications via microphone  103  and speaker  105 , video communications via camera  101 , data communications via monitor  102 , textual communications via keyboard  104 , and the like. Furthermore, communications channel  106  connects user computer  100  to communications network  107 . One skilled in the art will understand communications network  107  can be any one of a variety of communications networks including but not limited to the Internet, a Local Area Network (LAN), or a Wide Area Network (WAN). 
         [0026]    When utilizing the current computer application to communicate with another person, the user instructs the current application to invite another person to participate in an electronic meeting. Accordingly, the current application instructs user computer  100  to send a notification over communications channel  106  through communications network  107  and communications channel  119   a  to participant&#39;s computer  113   a . This notification invites the participant to immediately join an electronic meeting with the user. If the participant accepts the invitation, the current application running on user computer  100  immediately launches the electronic meeting without transporting the user out of the running state of the current application. 
         [0027]    During this electronic meeting, the user and participant freely communicate with each other via communications network  107 . Thus, microphone  110   a , speaker  112   a , camera  108   a , monitor  109   a , and keyboard  111   a  allows the participant to choose the method of communication used during the electronic meeting. Furthermore, the user and/or participant are not limited to communicating via a computer. Accordingly, any combination of Personal Digital Assistant (PDA)  114 , cell phone  115 , laptop computer  113   b , telephone  116 , pager  117 , or the like can support the user and/or participant in an electronic meeting via each device&#39;s communication channel  119   a - f.    
         [0028]      FIG. 2  is a block diagram illustrating real time communication system  20  configured according to one embodiment of the present invention. In real time communication system  20 , web browser  200  communicates over Internet  201  with content server  202 . Content server  202  may comprise a standard web server, an application server, an advanced communication server, or similar such systems. On request for a page from web browser  200 , content server  202  transmits web page  203  over Internet  201  for display on web browser  200 . Web page  203 , delivered by content server  202  and displayed by web browser  200 , supports multiple independent web frames or portlets, such as portlets  204 - 209 . Portlets  204 - 209  maintain direct and independent communication with various data providers, such as other resources  213  or even content server  202 . As new data is available for portlets  204 - 209 , the web frame or portlet content may be updated and refreshed asynchronously without requiring a full page refresh of web page  203 . Example technologies that may be used to implement such asynchronous, independent portlets or web frames include Asynchronous JavaScript and Extensible Markup Language (XML), referred to as AJAX, Adobe Systems Incorporated&#39;s FLASH®, and the like. 
         [0029]    When implemented in FLASH®, each individual portlet, portlets  204 - 209 , are individual running instances of Adobe Systems Incorporated&#39;s FLASH® player.Each FLASH® player maintains a communication con content server  202 , other resources  213 , and the like. The multimedia content displayed in each FLASH® player implementing portlets  204 - 209  are, thus, updated and refreshed independently from web page  203 , which, itself could be a FLASH® file running in its own FLASH® player instance playing within web browser  200 . However, as noted above, many different technologies exist for implementing portlets and web frames. The present invention is not merely limited to implementation using FLASH® and the FLASH® player. 
         [0030]    In an example operation of one embodiment of the present invention, as depicted in  FIG. 2 , a vendor, which could be anything from a single person running a home business to a large multinational corporation, provides a banner ad in portlet  207 . As the user surfs Internet  201 , he or she comes across web page  203 . For purposes of this example, web page  203  is a results page from an Internet search. The banner ad displayed in portlet  207  is specifically directed to be placed in portlet  207  when users search for a particular subject matter, tax help for example. The banner ad displayed in portlet  207  prompts the user with a “Call Now” button to discuss tax issues with a certified public accountant (CPA) tax expert for 20% off the normal price. If the user selects the “Call Now” button, portlet  207 , running the banner ad, communicates with contact server  214 . Contact server  214  verifies that the user is a serious consumer actually desiring to speak with someone. The user interacts with contact server  214  through an interface that is displayed in portlet  207  after the “Call Now” button is selected. The remainder of web page  203 , including portlets  204 - 206  and  208 - 209 , continue operating as normal. When contact server  214  validates the user&#39;s request through portlet  207 , it attempts to contact the CPA. Contact may be attempted through various multimedia communication protocols, such as voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), session initiation protocol (SIP), IP multimedia subsystem (IMS), and the like, or through more data-oriented communications, such as IM systems, which often are implemented using VoIP technologies. The user would communicate through the protocol as operated by portlet  207 , providing voice input through microphone  215  and can hear remote callers&#39; voices through speakers  216  any data communication would be visible through portlet  207 . 
         [0031]    In the present example, the CPA is working at laptop  210 . When the user is validated, contact server  214  serves up a notification to the CPA at laptop  210  requesting to connect for communication. Once the CPA acknowledges the request, contact server  214  joins the CPA at laptop  210  and the user operating web browser  200 . Contact server  214  sends an interface for display in portlet  207  in which the CPA and the user may communicate to discuss the user&#39;s tax matters. 
         [0032]    It should be noted that real time communication system  20  may be configured to provide various contact methods for the CPA. This allows more flexibility for the CPA to continue whatever he or she is doing, when no contact requests are coming in from the banner ad. A device list may be created by the CPA or other such vendor that provides a stepped sequence of devices for contact server  214  to attempt when contacting the CPA. If, on the initial contact attempt, contact server  214  fails to reach the CPA at laptop  210 , contact server  214  attempts to contact the CPA at office phone  212 . If contact server  214  again fails to reach the CPA at office phone  212 , it will attempt to contact the CPA at mobile phone  211 . Any various sequence may be created by the vendors to establish an order for devices that contact server  214  may use to contact the vendor. 
         [0033]      FIG. 3A  is a screen shot illustrating web page  300  operating with portlet  301  configured according to one embodiment of the present invention. A user operating web browser  30  accesses a typical general purpose website, such as the one represented by web page  300 . Web page  300  includes various information and links to other information. Located on the side of web page  300  is portlet  301 , which displays a banner ad advertising a training course for certain computer applications. Portlet  301  also displays contact button  302 , labeled “LEARN.” Portlet  301  is sized as a normal sidebar banner ad not unlike other typical banner ads. 
         [0034]      FIG. 3B  is a screen shot illustrating web page  300  further displaying portlet  301  configured according to one embodiment of the present invention. When the user selects contact button  302  ( FIG. 3A ), the player instance implementing portlet  301  communicates with a contact server, such as contact server  214  ( FIG. 2 ), to access the validation service to arrange for payment methods. Payment interface  303  is displayed in portlet  301  for the user to select his or her desired payment method. 
         [0035]      FIG. 3C  is a screen shot illustrating web page  300  with portlet  301  configured according to one embodiment of the present invention. As the user arranges for payment, contact is made with the training provider and training interface  3   04  is sent for portlet  301  to display. Training interface  304  contains video window  305  which displays the trainer who is leading this training course. It also contains text box  306 , which provides a work space for the trainer to display informational documents, example screen shots, or the like. Because the space used for training is generally more than what a typical banner ad would provide, portlet  301  resizes itself within web page  300  to provide more space for the training session. As can be seen in  FIG. 3C , even though portlet  301  resizes itself, the remainder of web page  300  remains the same. Portlet  301  simply overlaps the normal display region of web page  300 . Thus, the user is entering a training session through portlet  301 , but remains within the context of web page  300 . 
         [0036]      FIG. 3D  is a screen shot illustrating web page  300  including portlet  301  configured according to one embodiment of the present invention. In addition to providing full video interaction with the trainer through video window  305 , and document presentation through text box  306 , portlet  301  is also capable of providing full screen-share capability. As the training session moves into a different level, training interface  304  again resizes to accommodate the new training objects being displayed in portlet  301 . Again, even though portlet  301  is resizing itself, the user remains in context of web page  300 , which continues operating as normal. 
         [0037]    During the resizing process, training interface  304  changes the various objects displayed by portlet  301 . Video window  305  remains for facilitating communication between the trainer and the user. New objects are added, such as screen share window  306 , chat object  307 , file download interface  308 , rating meter  309 , and end session button  310 . A full screen of the computer application is presented in screen share window  306 . In this interactive object, the trainer can operate the computer application to demonstrate to the user how to perform any various actions. The user views the shared screen of the computer application along with the trainers actions in screen share window  306 . In select embodiments, the trainer may also be able to switch control over the shared screen to the user to interact with the example computer application. 
         [0038]    The additional screen objects displayed in portlet  301 , as shown in  FIG. 3D , include chat object  307 , where the user or even a third party also participating in a group training session may write questions or otherwise textually communicate. File download interface  308  allows an object for the example files to be made available for download by the user. Rating meter  309  provides a interface for the user to rate the particular training session, while end session button  310  allows the user to select to end the current training. If the user selects end session button  310 , the training session will end and portlet  301  will return is size as provided in  FIG. 3A . 
         [0039]    It should be noted that the example described and illustrated in  FIGS. 3A-D  are merely examples of some of the screen objects and portlet operations that may be used in various additional and alternative embodiments of the present invention. Any type of such screen objects and/or portlet operations may be beneficially implemented in the various embodiments of the present invention. 
         [0040]    In addition to consumer applications as described in  FIGS. 3A-D , embodiments of the present invention may be used in provide help or support for various tasks.  FIG. 4A  is a screen shot illustrating web page  400  displaying web frame  401  configured according to one embodiment of the present invention. Web page  400  represents a support page for a digital video recorder (DVR) company. It includes various typical hyperlinks to other portions of the company website and to self-help documents. On the right sidebar of web page  400 , web frame  401  includes hyperlink  402  labeled, “NEED HELP NOW.” 
         [0041]      FIG. 4B  is a screen shot illustrating web page  400  further displaying web frame  401  configured according to one embodiment of the present invention. Web frame  401  exhibits technician interface  403 . The selection of hyperlink  402  causes web frame  401  to send a request to the backend server supporting the DVR website for technician interface  403  and to be connected to an available technician. The code and data supporting technician interface  403  is then transmitted to web frame  401  for displaying on web page  400 . In  FIG. 4B , web frame  401  displays technician interface  403  which includes chat box  404 . When technician interface  403  is being processed for display by web frame  401 , web frame  401  notes the size of the interface and resizes itself accordingly. As can be seen in  FIG. 4B , while web frame  401  becomes larger, it overlaps web browser  400  leaving the user in the same context of the DVR website. 
         [0042]    The user visiting web page  400  and the technician communicate with each other using chat box  404  in technician interface  403 . In this manner, the user asks the questions needing answers, and the technician attempts to answer those questions. However, in some instances, it may be beneficial for the technician to display a chart or diagram that he or she can use to explain the desired process.  FIG. 4C  is a screen shot illustrating web page  400  further displaying web frame  401  configured according to one embodiment of the present invention. The technician communicating with the user in technician interface  403  determines that he or she wants to display a diagram to the user. The technician opens the diagram document and submits it to the backend server for display to the user. The diagram file is transmitted to web frame  401  which resizes itself again to accommodate diagram  405 . The resized version of technician interface  403  running in web frame  401  now includes chat box  404 , which allows the technician and user to maintain communication, but now also includes diagram  405 , which the technician can use as a visual reference in explaining the requested procedure. 
         [0043]    Technician interface  403  displayed in  FIG. 4C  also includes end help button  406 . This button allows the user some control over the interaction session. If the user selects end help button  405 , web frame  401  will return to its original state displaying hyperlink  402  ( FIG. 4A ). 
         [0044]    It should be noted that, again, even though web frame  401  is resized to accommodate diagram  405 , it only overlaps web page  400 , which continues to operate normally. For example, if, in  FIG. 4C , the user were to select one of the hyperlinks on web page  400 , the web browser would jump to the new web page. However, because the user is interacting with web frame  401  displaying technician interface  403 , it would remain the active screen window. 
         [0045]      FIG. 5  is a flowchart illustrating example steps executed to implement one embodiment of the present invention. In step  500 , one or more portlets are displayed within a computer application. User interaction with one of the portlets is received, in step  501 , to call a communication application. In step  502 , a determination is made whether the communication application requires user validation. If so, a validation application, which may include payment provisions, is run, in step  503 , within the portlet. In step  504 , a communication application is requested for operation within the portlet, where the computer application continues to operate independently of the communication application. In step  505 , a determination is made whether communication application requires changing portlet size. If so, the portlet is resized, in step  506 , to accommodate execution of the communication application. Further, in step  507 , the resized portions of the portlet are overlapped onto the other portions of the computer application. In step  508 , one or more communication objects, such as a video window, a text window, a chat window, a screen share window, and a download window, and the like, are rendered within the portlet to facilitate the communication application A user of the computer application and one or more remote participants are then connected, in step  509 , through the communication application. Any multimedia communication, such as VoIP, SIP, IMS, and the like, will be managed within the portlet, in step  510 , according to the communication application. 
         [0046]    The program or code segments making up the various embodiments of the present invention may be stored in a computer readable medium or transmitted by a computer data signal embodied in a carrier wave, or a signal modulated by a carrier, over a transmission medium. The “computer readable medium” may include any medium that can store or transfer information. Examples of the computer readable medium include an electronic circuit, a semiconductor memory device, a ROM, a flash memory, an erasable ROM (EROM), a floppy diskette, a compact disk CD-ROM, an optical disk, a hard disk, a fiber optic medium, a radio frequency (RF) link, and the like. The computer data signal may include any signal that can propagate over a transmission medium such as electronic network channels, optical fibers, air, electromagnetic, RF links, and the like. The code segments may be downloaded via computer networks such as the Internet, Intranet, and the like. 
         [0047]      FIG. 6  illustrates computer system  600  adapted to use embodiments of the present invention, e.g. storing and/or executing software associated with the embodiments. Central processing unit (CPU)  601  is coupled to system bus  602 . The CPU  601  may be any general purpose CPU. However, embodiments of the present invention are not restricted by the architecture of CPU  601  as long as CPU  601  supports the inventive operations as described herein. Bus  602  is coupled to random access memory (RAM)  603 , which may be SRAM, DRAM, or SDRAM. ROM  604  is also coupled to bus  602 , which may be PROM, EPROM, or EEPROM. RAM  603  and ROM  604  hold user and system data and programs as is well known in the art. 
         [0048]    Bus  602  is also coupled to input/output (I/O) controller card  605 , communications adapter card  611 , user interface card  608 , and display card  609 . The I/O adapter card  605  connects storage devices  606 , such as one or more of a hard drive, a CD drive, a floppy disk drive, a tape drive, to computer system  600 . The I/O adapter  605  is also connected to a printer (not shown), which would allow the system to print paper copies of information such as documents, photographs, articles, and the like. Note that the printer may be a printer (e.g., dot matrix, laser, and the like), a fax machine, scanner, or a copier machine. Communications card  611  is adapted to couple the computer system  600  to a network  612 , which may be one or more of a telephone network, a local (LAN) and/or a wide-area (WAN) network, an Ethernet network, and/or the Internet network. User interface card  608  couples user input devices, such as keyboard  613 , pointing device  607 , and the like, to the computer system  600 . The display card  609  is driven by CPU  601  to control the display on display device  610 . 
         [0049]    Although the present invention and its advantages have been described in detail, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. Moreover, the scope of the present application is not intended to be limited to the particular embodiments of the process, machine, manufacture, composition of matter, means, methods and steps described in the specification. As one of ordinary skill in the art will readily appreciate from the disclosure of the present invention, processes, machines, manufacture, compositions of matter, means, methods, or steps, presently existing or later to be developed that perform substantially the same function or achieve substantially the same result as the corresponding embodiments described herein may be utilized according to the present invention. Accordingly, the appended claims are intended to include within their scope such processes, machines, manufacture, compositions of matter, means, methods, or steps.

Technology Category: 3