Patent Document

FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The invention relates to a construction equipment implement and method of operating a hydraulically activated implement component and more specifically a skid-steer implement having a hydraulically controlled grapple component. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Those familiar with the construction industry have long appreciated that construction equipment of the skid-steer front end loader type such as that shown in U.S. Pat. No. 3,231,114, when employed in a variety of different tasks are universally driven aggressively as they execute a multitude of construction chores. The aggressive manner in which skid-steer front end loader equipment is operated flows naturally from the very nature of the implements carried by the skid-steer loader arms. Typical implements include such apparatus as scarp buckets with grapple, single and double grapple buckets and manure forks with grapple to name a few. Each of these implements when secured to skid-steer front end loader arms on the front of the skid-steer loader engage either scrap, debris or other materials disposed or physically distributed along a surface upon which the skid-steer-loader is driven. The skid-steer loader with attached implement is normally driven in an aggressive fashion into materials sought to be moved. The momentum of the skid-steer loader and its attached implement coupled with the sudden reactive forces generated in the material to be moved by the impact of the implement and the material result in the implement being physically filled with the material. In order that the material that has been forced into the implement be held in place when the skid-steer loader moves to another location to deposit the material, the implement may include one or more hydraulically activated components that are pivotally mounted on the implement and move from an open unactuated position to a closed actuated position where the hydraulically actuated component forcefully grips the material between the component and implement to thereby secure the material in place during transit to a location where the material is to be deposited. When a skillful skid-steer loader operator is putting the skid-steer through its paces in the field, an observer of the skid-steer operator and his skid-steer loader will witness a symphony of coordinated activity of operator and skid-steer loader. As is well known, a skid-steer loader is a relatively small four wheel vehicle which is steered by braking or driving two wheels on one side of the vehicle while reversely driving the wheels on the other side of the vehicle. Two laterally spaced loader arms are mounted on the rear of the vehicle to swing upwardly and downwardly and, when the arms are swung downwardly their forward ends extend downwardly in front of the vehicle. A mounting plate is pivotally supported on the forward ends of the loader arms and normally support a construction implement such as a loader bucket. The very nature of the skid-steer loader as described above allows its operator to command the skid-steer loader to move forward and in reverse or to move in a tight circle about braked wheels of the loader while simultaneously opening or closing the hydraulically actuated component that cooperates with material forced into the implement. The most common manner in which the operator commands the hydraulically actuated component to open or close is to move a hydraulic control handle quickly from a fully open or unactuated position to a fully closed actuated position. The hydraulically activated component which is structurally heavy is therefore accelerated to significant velocities which induces momentum forces in the accelerated component. While the hydraulic actuation devices employed in moving the component are designed to move the component through a finite distance, the momentum, that is the mass and velocity of the component causes the component to continue its travel until it strikes a portion of the implement in what is called a hard stop. These hard stops cause the implement and the component to experience significantly high shock loading. The downside of this shock loading manifests itself in structural failures especially in bearings and bearing support structures of the implement and hydraulically actuated component. 
     To the question can an operator by careful attention to the movement of the hydraulic control lever avoid this shock loading, the answer is yes. In practice however a study of operator movement reveals that the operator may be simultaneously controlling a skid-steer loader movement and operation by the synchronized movement of both hands and feet at the same time. Accordingly normal skid-steer loader operation has the operator operating the loader at top speed to impact material to be carried by the implement and hydraulically actuated component that grips the material. It is not uncommon for the impact of the skid-steer implement with material to be moved to cause some of the material to pass physically through or by the component and implement resulting in damage to the hydraulic actuation apparatus or the skid-steer loader and/or its operator. 
     Typical of a work attachment or construction component of the type just described is shown in the F. P. Staken U.S. Pat. No. 5,565,885 (&#39;885) issued Oct. 15, 1996. Of particular interest is a work attachment or component that includes a grapple hook mounted on the component by means of a set of two pairs of upstanding pivot brackets formed on the implement at opposite ends of the grapple hook. The grapple hook is caused to move from a fully open unactuated position to a fully closed actuated position by means of a pair of hydraulically actuated cylinders that are pivotally secured to each end of the implement and at the other end thereof to the grapple hook component. 
     When the grapple hook is moved quickly from an actuated position to an unactuated position severe shock loading is experienced in the pair of upstanding brackets and their respective pivot pins. It is this type of shock loading that eventually causes structural failure between the brackets and the implement of which they are a part. It is also to be noted that an open space between the pivot brackets at the opposite ends of the grapple hook allows ready passage of material being forced into the implement such that the material may pass through the implement and invade a front opening of the skid-steer cab and injure the skid-steer operator. The invention to be described hereinafter completely obviates shock loading problems of the nature experienced in the &#39;885 patent while simultaneously protecting the skid-steer loader operator and the hydraulic cylinder actuation component of the implement. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Simply stated the principal object of the invention is to provide a method and apparatus that prevents shock load damage to a construction implement when a hydraulically actuated component thereof is quickly driven from a fully actuated to an unactuated position or vice versa. 
     More specifically the invention is directed to a skid-steer loader implement having a hydraulically actuated grapple component that includes an implement having first and second spaced apart pivot support structures and a hydraulically actuated grapple component pivotally secured to the second pivot support structure. A hydraulically actuated cylinder has one end of the cylinder pivotally secured to the first pivot support structure of the implement and is provided with a moveable piston integrally coupled to an output actuation rod that is pivotally secured at an end remote from the piston to the grapple component. The hydraulically actuated cylinder has supply/return ports adjacent the ends of the cylinder adapted to be alternately coupled to a high pressure hydraulic fluid supply or low pressure hydraulic fluid return. The hydraulically actuated cylinder has valve structure to hydraulically cushion movement of the piston and associated actuation rod as the piston moves past a supply/return port prior to being physically stopped at the ends of the cylinder. The actuation rod is provided with a protective shield to protect the actuation rod surface from hostile environmental intrusions by objects in the vicinity of the actuation rod during actuation. The grapple component includes a pivot shaft portion that is at least as wide or substantially wider than a grapple tooth end of the grapple component. The second pivot support structure is comprised of a pair of bearing support elements spaced apart such that a grapple pivot shaft portion cooperates therewith to create a physical barrier to any material thing that may be gripped between the grapple component and implement. 
     Another object of the invention is to provide an apparatus that creates a cushioned stop for a hydraulically actuated grapple component of a skid-steer front end loader implement. 
     Yet another object of the invention is a method of operating a grapple component of an implement such that the speed of movement of the grapple component is slowed prior to reaching extremes of travel of the component established by the physical structure of the implement. 
     Still, yet another object of the invention is to provide a protective shield for an actuation rod of a hydraulically actuated cylinder in all stages of actuation. 
     A final object of the invention is to provide a bearing support structure for an implement such that a hydraulically actuated component that cooperates with the implement physically prevents any object handled by the implement and component to intrude past the implement and the component when the implement is in use. 
     In the attainment of the foregoing objects the invention contemplates as falling within the purview of the claims a skid-steer front end loader implement and a hydraulically actuated grapple component adapted for use with skid-steer loader arms, such that movement of the loader arms causes the implement and the grapple component to move therewith. 
     The implement when in use with the loader arms has a portion thereof located remote from the loader arms and another portion adjacent the loader arms. The implement portion adjacent the loader arms is provided with first and second spaced apart pivot support structures that have parallel pivot support axes. The hydraulically actuated grapple component is pivotally secured to the second pivot support structure. 
     At least one hydraulically actuated cylinder that has a tubular shaped barrel closed at one end thereof is pivotally connected at the closed end to a first pivot support structure. The barrel cooperates with a mating actuation piston mounted for reciprocation in the barrel. The actuation piston is integrally secured to one end of an actuation rod which slidably passes through a hermetically sealed opening in the other end of the barrel. The other end of actuation rod is pivotally connected to grapple component for movement therewith. The barrel is provided with a pair of spaced apart supply/return ports though a barrel wall. The supply/return ports are positioned adjacent the ends of the barrel. The closed end of the barrel and an end of the actuation piston cooperate to create a chamber therebetween. Whereas the other end of the actuation piston and the hermetically sealed opening in the other end of the barrel creates another chamber that includes therein the slidable actuation rod. 
     Alternatively hydraulically coupling one of the supply/return ports to a high pressure supply while simultaneously hydraulically coupling the other supply/return port to a hydraulic return results in a differential pressure existing across the actuation piston and causes the actuation piston and integral actuation rod to move and thereby cause the grapple component to pivotally move relative to the skid-steer implement. 
     In the most highly preferred embodiment of the invention the actuation piston is configured to cooperate with a supply/return port such that as an end of the actuation piston moves past either supply/return port, return flow of hydraulic fluid through the port is gradually diminished and movement of the actuation piston is cushioned near the end of the actuation piston travel which results in the grapple component experiencing a cushioned stop at both ends of its pivotal travel. 
     Another feature of the invention involves the actuation rod which has secured thereto at a point adjacent the actuation rod pivotal connection to the grapple component a protective shield member. The protective shield member extends toward the tubular shaped barrel and has an overall length greater than the actuation rod length when the actuation piston and rod are positioned at an end of the tubular barrel nearest the grapple component to be actuated. The protective shield is positioned such that relative movement of the actuation rod allows the protective shield member to continuously cover the actuation rod in all positions of the actuation rods sliding movement. 
     Another significant feature of the most highly preferred embodiment of the invention involves the structural nature of the grapple component which has a grapple tooth portion that includes a pivot shaft portion that may be wider than an end of the grapple tooth portion that may come in contact with the portions of implement remote from the loader arms when the hydraulically actuated grapple component is in a fully actuated position. The second pivot support structure is comprised of a pair of bearing support ears integrally secured to the implement and spaced apart such that the grapple tooth pivot shaft portion cooperates with the pair of bearing support ears such that the wider pivot shaft portion of the grapple tooth functions as a physical barrier to any material thing or object that may be gripped between the grapple tooth and implement that would damage the skid-steer loader if the grapple material should be forced toward the skid-steer loader absent the wider pivot shaft portion. 
     Other objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is a side view illustrating a skid-steer front end loader equipped with an implement and hydraulically actuated grapple component that embodies the invention. 
     FIG. 1 a  is an unassembled side view of the implement and grapple tooth component of FIG.  1 . 
     FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a prior art front end loader implement and hydraulically actuated component. 
     FIG. 3 is a rear perspective view of an implement and hydraulically actuated components that embody the invention. 
     FIG. 4 is a side view of an implement and grapple component that embodies the invention here shown with the grapple component in a fully actuated position. 
     FIG. 5 is a side view similar to FIG. 4 with a grapple component shown just after grapple tooth lift off from the implement or just prior to the grapple tooth reaching a fully actuated position. 
     FIG. 6 is another side view with a grapple component shown in a partially open position. 
     FIG.  7 . Is a side view of a grapple component just approaching a fully unactuated position. 
     FIG. 7 a  is a blow up of a portion of FIG. 7 shown in a circle. 
     FIG. 8 is a side view of a grapple component experiencing a hard stop with the grapple component in a fully unactuated position. 
     FIG. 8 a  is a blow up of a portion of FIG. 8 shown in a circle. 
     FIG. 9 is a rear plan view of an implement and a pair of grapple components that embody the invention. 
     FIG. 10 is a front plan view of an implement and a pair of grapple components that embody the invention. 
     FIG. 10 a  is a blow up of a portion of FIG. 10 shown in a circle. 
     FIG. 11 is a cross-section of a species of hydraulic cylinder that may be employed in the practice of the invention. 
     FIG. 11 a  is a cross-section of the hydraulic cylinder of FIG. 1 showing an actuation piston in an unactuated and actuated position. 
     FIG. 11 b  is a cross-section of a piston approaching a cushioned stop. 
     FIG. 11 c  is a cross-section of a piston experiencing a cushioned stop. 
     FIG. 12 is a cross-section of another species of hydraulic cylinder that may be employed in the practice of the invention. 
     FIG. 13 is a cross-section of the hydraulic cylinder of FIG. 12 approaching a cushioned stop. 
    
    
     While the invention will be described in connection with certain preferred embodiments, there is no intent to limit it to those embodiments. On the contrary, the intent is to cover all alternatives, modifications and equivalents as are included within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     Reference is now made to FIG. 1 which illustrates a skid-steer front end loader generally designated by reference numeral  10 . The front end loader  10  is conventional in its construction and includes a hydraulically actuated lift arm  11  coupled as shown to a hydraulic actuator  13 . The lift arm  11  is provided with a loader arm  12 . A second loader arm, not shown is similarly positioned on the other side of the front end loader. A hydraulic actuator  14  positioned as shown and the loader arms are secured by means not shown to a work attachment  21 . The work attachment  21  is comprised of an implement  22  and hydraulically actuated component  21 . The detailed structural nature and the manner of operation of the invention embodied in the work attachment  23  will be explained in significant detail hereinafter. 
     In order that the nature of the instant invention be appreciated, attention is now directed to FIG. 2 in which there is a rear perspective view of a prior art multipurpose work attachment for a front end loader. This multipurpose work attachment is shown in FIG. 7 of U.S. Pat. No. 5,564,885. This work attachment includes a pivotally mounted grapple hook  100 . The grapple hook  100  is comprised of a plurality of forwardly and downwardly curved hooks  102  interconnected by lateral cross bars  104 , with hooks at opposite ends being connected by pivot pins  106  to an upstanding pair of pivot brackets  108  formed on the rear wall  62  of the bucket. These pivot brackets  108  support the grapple hook for assembly with the hydraulic actuators  72  which can be coupled between the grapple hook  100  and lower mounting brackets  110  on the bucket. Although the actuators  72  are not shown connected to hydraulic lines the actuators respond to an external hydraulic power supply carried by the front end loader. The grapple hook  100  is shown in its open unactuated position. The most common manner of securing pivot brackets  108  to the rear wall  62  of the bucket is by welding the pivot brackets  108  in place prior to installing pivot pins  106 . Because the pivot pins  106  and pivot brackets  108  support the grapple hook structure it has been discovered that any misalignment of the pivot axis of the pivot pins at the ends of grapple hook  100  results in a significant twisting stress loading of the pivot brackets  108  when these brackets are secured to the rear wall  62 . Ultimately one or both of the pivot brackets crack and may fail where the brackets are secured to the rear wall  62  of the bucket. The invention to be described hereinafter avoids this type of failure. It should also be noted that there is a significantly large open space between the pivot pins and brackets  106 ,  108  and the grapple hook  100  through which open space material being grasped may invade and jam the operation of the attachment. 
     FIG. 3 depicts a rear perspective view of a work attachment  21  that is comprised of an implement  22  here shown as a bucket. A pair of hydraulically actuated grapple tooth components  23 ,  24  are shown with grapple tooth component  23  in a closed or fully actuated position. Whereas grapple tooth component  24  is shown in an open or unactuated position. In FIG. 3 the rear wall  47  of the bucket implement  22  is shown for purposes of illustration only with no structural detail depicted. The missing detail is shown in FIG.  9 . This detail is not essential to the practice of the instant invention. 
     In order to appreciate the structural interaction of the various elements of the work attachment assembly  21  of FIG. 1 a description of FIG.  1  and the exploded view of FIG. 1 a  will now unfold. The implement  21  in this preferred embodiment is a bucket. Referring now to FIGS. 1,  1   a  and FIG. 3 it will be seen that the implement  22  has a pair of bucket cylinder ears  25 ,  26 . Only cylinder ear  25  can be seen in FIGS. 1,  1   a  whereas both ears  25 ,  26  can be seen in FIG.  3 . The cylinder ears  25 ,  26  function as a first pivot support structure. Relatively speaking, the cylinder ears  25 ,  26  are positioned adjacent the loader arm(s)  12  whereas a second pivot support structure comprised of a pair of pivot ears  27 ,  28  is positioned on the implement  22  remote from the loader arms. The first pivot support structure includes in addition to the cylinder ears  25 ,  26  a pivot shaft  29  whereas the second pivot support structure includes in addition to ears  27 ,  28  a pivot shaft  30 . The pivot support shafts  29  and  30  have parallel pivoted support axes. Each of the grapple tooth components  23 ,  24  include pairs of grapple teeth  31 ,  32  and  31 ′,  32 ′. (see FIG. 3) Only the structural details of hydraulically actuated grapple tooth component  23  will be explained in detail hereinafter as the structure of grapple tooth component  24  is identical. Accordingly, the a grapple tooth component  23  is provided with a pair of grapple cylinder ears  33 ,  34  which are provided with a hydraulic actuator pivot shaft  35  positioned as shown. 
     When attention is directed to FIGS. 1 and 3 it will be noted that there is a protective actuation rod shield  36  that covers a portion of a hydraulic actuator  37 . The hydraulic actuator  37  is pivotally secured at one end thereof by means of pivot shaft  29  that cooperates with hydraulic actuator pivot support structure  38 . (see FIGS. 1 a  and  3 ) The other end of the hydraulic actuator  37  is pivotally secured by means of pivot support shaft  35  that cooperates with the hydraulic actuator pivot support structure  39 . A significant feature of the invention involves the manner in which the hydraulic actuator functions. Examples of suitable hydraulic actuators will be explained in detail in reference to the series of illustrations of FIG. 11 and 12. The grapple component  23  is provided with a pair of stop structures  41 ,  42 . Each stop structures cooperates with a stop pad, such as stop pad  43  which is integrally secured to tubular structure  44  which stiffens the implement and is welded to the implement  22  as shown. It should be noted that while a stop pad is shown in the preferred embodiment, the invention is also intended for use in environments where there is no physical stop structure per se. 
     In order to appreciate the nature of the problems overcome by the subject invention attention is now directed to a series of illustrations namely FIGS. 4,  5 ,  6 ,  7 ,  7   a ,  8  and  8   a  which depict the skid-steer implement and hydraulically actuated grapple component  23  in a series of different operating positions. 
     The use of reference numerals in conjunction with the description that follows will be minimal as the intention of describing these figures is to explain in part the dynamic environment in which the invention finds utility. 
     FIG. 4 shows a side view of the implement  21  and its hydraulically actuated grapple tooth component  23  in a closed or fully actuated position. FIGS. 5 and 6 depict the hydraulically actuated grapple tooth  23  moving from a partially actuated position towards an unactuated position. An unreferenced directional arrow indicates the grapple tooth  23  in routine use moves back and forth as is indicated by the directional arrow. The back and forth movement of the grapple tooth  23  is normally very rapid. This rapid movement coupled with the mass of the entire grapple tooth assembly generates large momentum forces that must be accommodated by reaction forces generated in the implement  21  at the extremes of the grapple tooth travel as is shown in FIG.  4  and FIG.  8 . While FIG. 4 shows an end of a grapple tooth  45  impacting a leading edge  46  of the bucket implement  22 , the grapple tooth need not in practice come in contact with any other portion of the implement. For example when the implement is comprised of fork elements of the type shown in FIG. 2 there might be no physical contact. 
     FIG. 7 depicts the hydraulically actuated grapple tooth component  23  as it approaches what is termed a hard stop. In FIG. 7 a  there is presented an enlarged view of a circled portion of FIG. 7 where it can be seen that the stop structure  41  is approaching the stop pad  43 . Even if a skid-steer operator&#39;s reflexes were quick enough to command the hydraulically actuated grapple tooth component  23  to stop its travel, the inertia of the grapple tooth component coupled with inherent physical play between moving parts results in the continued movement of the grapple tooth stop structure  41  into an impact with the stop pad  43  (see FIG.  8 ). The shock loading experienced in the various pivot support structures is measured by the velocity and mass of the grapple tooth component at the moment of impact. This impact state is most clearly shown in FIG. 8 a.    
     There are environments where a hydraulically actuated component such as that depicted in the prior art arrangement of FIG. 2 does not include a physical structure to stop the movement of a hydraulically actuated component. In prior art FIG. 2 the momentum of the grapple hook  100  and the shock loading experienced at the end of the pivotal movement of the grapple hook as it comes to a sudden stop is reacted in the lower mounting brackets  110 . Eventually this bracket may experience a fatigue failure. 
     Attention is now directed to FIGS. 9,  10  and  10   a . In FIG. 9 there is illustrated a rear plan view of a preferred configuration of a front end loader work attachment  21  embodying the invention that includes a pair of hydraulically actuated grapple tooth components  23 ,  24  in a raised unactuated position above the implement bucket  22 . FIG. 10 differs from FIG. 9 in that it illustrates a front plan view of work attachment  21  with hydraulically actuated grapple tooth component  23  raised above the implement bucket  22  and a fully actuated grapple tooth component  24  positioned as is shown. Normally both hydraulically actuated grapple components  23 ,  24  operate in unison and FIG.  10  is presented in order that a keener appreciation of the structural detail of the invention maybe studied. Returning now to a description of FIG.  9  and more specifically a brief review of the various structural components that comprise the subject invention. The hydraulically actuated grapple tooth component  23  includes grapple teeth  31 ,  32 . A protective barrier plate  40  is integrally secured to the grapple teeth  31 ,  32 . Structural support webbing  48 ,  49  is shown integrally secured to the protective barrier plate  40 . Hydraulic actuation pivot support structure is mounted on a pivot shaft not referenced in this figure. The protective actuation rod shield  36  of the invention is clearly shown with an unreferenced portion of the protective shield  36  extending under a hydraulic line protective cover  50  not shown in earlier figures but present in the preferred embodiment. Bucket cylinder ears  25 ,  26  provide a pivotal mount structure for hydraulic actuation cylinder pivot support structure  38 . The rear wall  47  of the bucket implement  22  has integrally formed thereon grapple pivot ears  27 ,  28 . Integrally secured to protective barrier plate  40  is a grapple pivot bushing or sleeve portion  40 a which has passing there through pivot shaft  30 . Pivot support axis  19  and  20  are parallel to each other. 
     Problems that arise in attempting to axially align pairs of support brackets at the ends of grapple tooth component are diminished significantly by the employment of only two bucket pivot ears  27 ,  28  rather than four support brackets as is the case with the prior art as is shown in FIG.  2 . With the protective barrier plate  40  integrally connected to the grapple pivot bushing portion  40   a  there is established a physical barrier to any material thing that maybe gripped between the grapple component  23  and the bucket implement  22  that would damage the loader  10 , hoses, fittings or hydraulic actuator  37  if the gripped material should be forced toward the loader absent the protective plate  40  secured to the pivot bushing portion  40   a . In the front plan view of FIG. 10 the hydraulically actuated grapple tooth component  23  is shown in a raised unactuated position and FIG. 10 a  represents an enlarge cross-sectional view of the detailed construction of the grapple cylinder ear  28 , grapple tooth  32  and pivot shaft  30 . Lubrication passages  51 ,  52  are provided in the pivot shaft  30  and a grease fitting not shown maybe installed in the end of pivot shaft  30 . Hardened steel bearing surfaces are also intended to be incorporated in the preferred embodiment of the invention. 
     FIGS. 11 and 12 illustrate two different types of hydraulic actuation cylinders that maybe utilized in the practice of the invention. 
     The hydraulic actuation cylinder of FIG. 11 is a species of actuation cylinder that is intended to provide a cushioned stop of a grapple tooth component as the grapple tooth component approaches a raised unactuated position. 
     The hydraulic actuation cylinder of FIG. 12 is another species of actuation cylinder that will provide a cushioned stop of a grapple tooth component at both actuated and unactuated positions of travel of the grapple tooth component. 
     In FIG. 11 hydraulic actuator  37  is shown in partial section with pivot support structures  38 ,  39  disposed at either end thereof. The hydraulic actuator is comprised of a hydraulic actuation cylinder having a tubular shaped barrel  55  which is closed at one end by a plate  56 . The inside of the barrel  55  cooperates with a mating actuation piston  57  mounted for reciprocation in the barrel  55 . An actuation rod  58  is integrally secured to the piston  57  in the manner shown. The actuation rod  58 , as can be seen on the right hand side of FIG. 11, slidably passes through an unreferenced opening in hermetic seal  59 . The barrel  55  is provided with a pair of spaced apart supply/return ports  60 ,  61  which communicate through barrel  55  by means of orifices  63 ,  64 . The closed end of the barrel  55  defined by plate  56 , the barrel  55  and the end of the piston  57  establish a chamber on one side of the piston  57 . The other end of the piston  57 , the barrel  55  and the hermetic seal  59  define another chamber. 
     Alternately hydraulically coupling one of the supply/return ports  60 ,  61  to a high pressure supply while simultaneously hydraulically coupling the other supply/return port to a hydraulic return results in a differential pressure existing across the actuation piston and causes the actuation piston  57  and integral actuation rod  58  to move and thereby cause the grapple component to pivotally move relative to the implement  22 . The embodiment of the invention as depicted in FIG. 11 has the piston  57  configured to cooperate with the supply/return port  60  such that as an end of the actuation piston  57  moves past the orifice  63  of supply/return port  60 , the return flow of hydraulic fluid through the port  60  is gradually diminished and movement of the actuation piston  57  is cushioned near the end of the actuation piston travel which results in the grapple component experiencing a cushioned stop at an end of its pivotal movement. 
     The detailed nature of the dynamic operation of hydraulic actuation cylinder  37  when in an actuation mode will be understood when FIGS. 11 a ,  11   b  are studied in conjunction with the explanation that follows. 
     FIG. 11 a  depicts in the left hand portion thereof an actuator piston  57  in an initial position representative of a hydraulically actuated grapple tooth component in an unactuated position. In order to actuate piston  57  an operator in the front end loader will cause a source of hydraulic fluid under high pressure to be delivered to supply port  60  which will cause a high pressure to appear in port  60  and in the chamber to left of piston  57 . Simultaneously with the delivery of high pressure hydraulic fluid to supply port  60 , port  61  will be connected to a low pressure return. This just describe state will cause a differential pressure to appear across the piston  57  and cause actuation rod  58  to move towards the right. The right hand portion of FIG. 11 shows the piston  57  in a fully actuated position. 
     FIG. 11 b  is intended to show actuation piston  57  as it approaches a full unactuated position. It is important to note that the left hand end of piston  57  has a slightly reduced diameter  65 , here shown in a somewhat exaggerated detail. When a high pressure source of hydraulic fluid is delivered to the right side of piston  57  via supply port  61  (FIG. 11) and port  60  is connected to a low pressure return, the piston  57  and associated actuation rod  58  move towards the left. 
     FIG. 11 c  shows piston  57  in a full unactuated position where hydraulic fluid in a chamber to the left of piston  57  where hydraulic fluid in the chamber is forced through a space between the reduced outer diameter of piston  57  and the barrel  55 . The dynamic action of the forced flow of hydraulic fluid past the reduced diameter piston  65  results in a gradual or soft stop of the piston  57 , actuation rod  58  and an attached grapple component described earlier. Although not shown in FIGS. 11,  11   a ,  11   b  and  11   c  it is to be understood that the right hand end of piston  57  could also be provided with a reduced diameter portion of the piston which would provide a cushioned stop when the actuator is commanded to a full actuation. 
     FIGS. 12 and 13 are intended to show another piston/barrel configuration that will when employed establish a cushioned or soft stop with both full unactuated and actuated positions. In the description that follows where appropriate similar reference numerals will be employed to designate similar elements, however, a prime mark above the numeral will be added. 
     Accordingly, the piston  57 ′ shown in FIG. 12 is in an unactuated position as was the piston  57  in FIGS.  11 . The piston  57 ′, however, is provided with a pair of reduced diameter regions  66 ,  67  each of which includes passages  68 ,  69  that communicate with chamber on both sides of the piston  57 ′. The barrel  55 ′ is provided with orifices  63 ′,  63   a  that communicate with supply/return port  60 ′ and orifice  64 ′,  64   a ′ within supply/return port  61 ′. The actuation operation of the just described arrangement is similar to that described with reference to FIGS. 11,  11   a . In FIG. 13 the piston  57 ′ is shown as it approaches a cushioned or soft stop at an unactuated state. When the piston  57 ′ is driven to the right a conditioned or soft stop is experienced at full actuated state. 
     The just described cushioned stops at the end of an actuation cylinder stroke would also find utility in the angling of a rotary rake, the positioning of a cold planer, backhoe and grader implements for skid-steer loaders to name a few.

Technology Category: 4