Patent Document

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION  
       [0001]     This application is based upon and claims benefit of priority under 35 USC §119 from the Japanese Patent Application No. 2004-154406, filed on May 25, 2004, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.  
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
       [0002]     The present invention relates to a semiconductor device and a method of fabricating the same and, more particularly, to a semiconductor device having a MIS (Metal Insulator Semiconductor) transistor using a metal silicide electrode and a method of fabricating the same.  
         [0003]     To realize high performance of MOSFETs, micropatterning of devices have been sought until today.  
         [0004]     Unfortunately, the scaling of gate oxide films is said to be limited in devices on and after the 0.1-μm generation. This is so because the increase in gate leakage current caused by a tunneling current becomes significant as the gate oxide film thickness decreases.  
         [0005]     In addition, depletion of the gate electrode is no longer negligible in this generation, so it is presently impossible to freely decrease the effective oxide film thickness.  
         [0006]     As a method of avoiding this problem, it is being attempted to increase the dielectric constant of a gate insulating film or to use a metal gate electrode.  
         [0007]     The purpose of the former is to increase the physical film thickness and suppress a tunneling current by replacing a gate insulating film with a high-dielectric film.  
         [0008]     The purpose of the latter is to prevent depletion of the gate electrode by metallizing it.  
         [0009]     Recently, the development of the materials of high-dielectric gate insulating films is being extensively done, and new materials such as HfO 2  and La 2 O 3  are reported in learned societies. This produces the competition of decreasing the effective oxide film thickness.  
         [0010]     On the other hand, the study of metal gate electrodes is not so extensively done as the development of high-dielectric films. However, as shown in the ITRS 2001 Road Map, in a region where the physical film thickness is less than 1.2 nm, it is presumably difficult to realize a transistor by using an electrode made of the conventional polysilicon.  
         [0011]     The influence of depletion of the gate electrode on the effective oxide film thickness is about 0.3 nm. However, to extend the life of silicon-based oxide films to this generation, the development of metal gate electrodes is essential. In particular, the competition of the development of full-silicide electrode processes is advancing because this process is superior in matching with the conventionally used CMOS process.  
         [0012]     Unfortunately, in the full-silicide electrode processes, silicide films different in thickness must be separately formed on a diffusion layer and a gate electrode in order to form both a shallow junction and a low-resistance gate electrode.  
         [0013]     To protect the device from an oxidizing ambient, the surface of a silicide film must be covered with a silicon nitride film. In the conventional method, an interlayer insulating film structure made of a silicon oxide film on a diffusion layer is sandwiched by silicon nitride films. Therefore, when contact holes are to be simultaneously formed on the diffusion layer and the gate electrode, the etching amount on the gate electrode side excessively increases. In the worst case, etching advances through the gate electrode.  
         [0014]     The references disclosing the conventional silicide electrode processes are as follows. 
    Patent Reference 1: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-133705     Patent Reference 2: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-353803     Patent Reference 3: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-216242     Patent Reference 4: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-214677     Patent Reference 5: U.S. Pat. No. 6,518,642     Patent Reference 6: U.S. Pat. No. 6,555,450     Patent Reference 7: U.S. Pat. No. 6,586,809    
 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0022]     According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a semiconductor device fabrication method, comprising: 
        forming a gate electrode on a substrate via a gate insulating film by using a silicon-containing material;     depositing an insulating material on the gate electrode and the substrate, and etching back the insulating film, thereby forming a first insulating film so as to expose a surface of the substrate, and cover surfaces of the gate electrode;     ion-implanting an impurity by using the gate electrode and the first insulating film as masks, thereby selectively forming a diffusion layer in a surface portion of the substrate;     forming a first metal film on at least the substrate, and allowing the first metal film to react with the substrate by annealing, thereby forming a silicide film in a surface portion of the diffusion layer;     forming a second insulating film so as to cover the gate electrode, which is covered with the first insulating film, and the substrate;     forming a third insulating film as an interlayer insulating film on the second insulating film;     planarizing the first, second, and third insulating films to a height at which upper surfaces of the gate electrode are exposed;     removing the third insulating film such that a predetermined selectivity to the second insulating film is obtained;     forming a second metal film on at least the gate electrode, and allowing the second metal film to react with the gate electrode by annealing, thereby converting the material of the gate electrode into a metal silicide;     forming a fourth insulating film so as to cover the gate electrode and second insulating film;     forming a fifth insulating film as an interlayer insulating film on the fourth insulating film;     planarizing the fifth insulating film;     processing the fifth insulating film into a shape of a desired contact pattern such that a predetermined selectivity to the fourth insulating film is obtained;     selectively removing the fourth and second insulating films present on a bottom surface of the contact pattern of the fifth insulating film; and     forming a contact by burying a conductive material in the contact pattern of the fifth insulating film.        
 
         [0038]     According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a semiconductor device fabrication method, comprising: 
        forming a gate electrode on a substrate via a gate insulating film by using a silicon-containing material;     depositing an insulating material on the gate electrode and the substrate, and etching back the insulating material, thereby forming a first insulating film so as to expose a surface of the substrate and surfaces of the gate electrode, and cover side surfaces of the gate electrode;     ion-implanting an impurity by using the gate electrode and the first insulating film as masks, thereby selectively forming a diffusion layer in a surface portion of the substrate;     forming a first metal film on at least the gate electrode and the substrate, and allowing the first metal film to react with silicon contained in the gate electrode and the substrate by annealing, thereby forming a first silicide film in a surface portion of the diffusion layer, and a second silicide film in surface portions of the gate electrode;     forming a second insulating film so as to cover the gate electrode and the substrate;     forming a third insulating film as an interlayer insulating film on the second insulating film;     planarizing the second and third insulating films to a height at which an upper surface of the second silicide film is exposed;     removing the third insulating film such that a predetermined selectivity to the second insulating film is obtained;     forming a second metal film on at least the second silicide film, and allowing the second metal film to react with the second silicide film by annealing, thereby converting the material of the gate electrode into a metal silicide;     forming a fourth insulating film so as to cover the gate electrode and second insulating film;     forming a fifth insulating film as an interlayer insulating film on the fourth insulating film;     planarizing the fifth insulating film;     processing the fifth insulating film into a shape of a desired contact pattern such that a predetermined selectivity to the fourth insulating film is obtained;     selectively removing the fourth and second insulating films present on a bottom surface of the contact pattern of the fifth insulating film; and     forming a contact by burying a conductive material in the contact pattern of the fifth insulating film.        
 
         [0054]     According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a semiconductor device, comprising: 
        a gate electrode formed on a substrate via a gate insulating film by using a first silicide film;     diffusion layers formed in a surface portion of said substrate so as to be positioned at two ends of a channel region below said gate electrode, and having a second silicide film on surfaces thereof;     a first insulating film formed on said second silicide film of said diffusion layers; and     a second insulating film continuously formed on said first insulating film and said gate electrode,     wherein a total film thickness of said first and second insulating films on said second suicide film is larger than a film thickness of said second insulating film on said gate electrode.       
 
     
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0060]      FIG. 1  is a longitudinal sectional view of elements showing a step of a semiconductor device fabrication method according to the first embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0061]      FIG. 2  is a longitudinal sectional view of elements showing another step of the semiconductor device fabrication method according to the first embodiment;  
         [0062]      FIG. 3  is a longitudinal sectional view of elements showing a step of a semiconductor device fabrication method as a comparative example;  
         [0063]      FIG. 4  is a longitudinal sectional view of elements showing a step of a semiconductor device fabrication method as the comparative example;  
         [0064]      FIG. 5  is a longitudinal sectional view of elements showing a step of a semiconductor device fabrication method as the comparative example;  
         [0065]      FIG. 6  is a longitudinal sectional view of elements showing a step of a semiconductor device fabrication method as the comparative example;  
         [0066]      FIG. 7  is a longitudinal sectional view of elements showing another step of the semiconductor device fabrication method according to the first embodiment;  
         [0067]      FIG. 8  is a longitudinal sectional view of elements showing another step of the semiconductor device fabrication method according to the first embodiment;  
         [0068]      FIG. 9  is a longitudinal sectional view of elements showing another step of the semiconductor device fabrication method according to the first embodiment;  
         [0069]      FIG. 10  is a longitudinal sectional view of elements showing another step of the semiconductor device fabrication method according to the first embodiment;  
         [0070]      FIG. 11  is a longitudinal sectional view of elements showing another step of the semiconductor device fabrication method according to the first embodiment;  
         [0071]      FIG. 12  is a longitudinal sectional view of elements showing another step of the semiconductor device fabrication method according to the first embodiment;  
         [0072]      FIG. 13  is a longitudinal sectional view of elements showing a step of a semiconductor device fabrication method according to the second embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0073]      FIG. 14  is a longitudinal sectional view of elements showing another step of the semiconductor device fabrication method according to the second embodiment;  
         [0074]      FIG. 15  is a longitudinal sectional view of elements showing another step of the semiconductor device fabrication method according to the second embodiment;  
         [0075]      FIG. 16  is a longitudinal sectional view of elements showing another step of the semiconductor device fabrication method according to the second embodiment;  
         [0076]      FIG. 17  is a longitudinal sectional view of elements showing another step of the semiconductor device fabrication method according to the second embodiment;  
         [0077]      FIG. 18  is a longitudinal sectional view of elements showing another step of the semiconductor device fabrication method according to the second embodiment;  
         [0078]      FIG. 19  is a longitudinal sectional view of elements showing another step of the semiconductor device fabrication method according to the second embodiment;  
         [0079]      FIG. 20  is a longitudinal sectional view of elements showing another step of the semiconductor device fabrication method according to the second embodiment;  
         [0080]      FIG. 21  is a longitudinal sectional view showing the structure of a MIS transistor as a comparative example; and  
         [0081]      FIG. 22  is a longitudinal sectional view showing the structure of a MIS transistor according to the first or second embodiment.  
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0082]     Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.  
       (1) First Embodiment  
       [0083]     A semiconductor device including a MIS transistor and a method of fabricating the same according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to drawings showing the longitudinal sections of elements in different fabrication steps.  
         [0084]     As shown in  FIG. 1 , an element region is isolated by an element isolation film  101  in the surface portion of a single-crystal silicon substrate  100 . On this element region, a gate oxide film  102  is formed. On the gate oxide film  102 , a polysilicon film  103  having a film thickness of, e.g., 100 nm and a silicon nitride film  104  having a film thickness of, e.g., 100 nm are deposited.  
         [0085]     The polysilicon film  103  and silicon nitride film  104  are formed into the shape of an electrode pattern by anisotropic etching such as RIE, thereby forming gate electrodes.  
         [0086]     These gate electrodes are used as masks to ion-implant, e.g., As +  ions into an n-type MOS transistor region and B +  ions into a p-type MOS transistor region. In addition, annealing is performed at, e.g., 800° C. for 5 sec to form diffusion layers.  
         [0087]     A silicon oxide film  106  having a film thickness of, e.g., 30 nm and a silicon nitride film  105  having a film thickness of, e.g., 30-nm are deposited. The silicon oxide film  106  and silicon nitride film  105  are etched back to cover, with the silicon oxide film  106 , the surface of the electrode pattern made up of the polysilicon film  103  and the silicon nitride film  104  formed on it, and leave the silicon nitride film  105  behind on the sidewalls of the electrode pattern, thereby surrounding the electrode pattern by the silicon nitride film  105  and silicon oxide film  106 .  
         [0088]     The gate electrode pattern including the sidewalls made up of the silicon nitride film  105  and silicon oxide film  106  is used as a mask to ion-implant, e.g., P +  ions into the n-type MOS transistor region and B +  ions into the p-type MOS transistor region. Then, annealing is performed at, e.g., 1,000° C. for 5 sec to form diffusion layers  107  as a source and drain.  
         [0089]     An Ni film is formed by PVD. This Ni film is allowed to react with the silicon substrate  100  by performing annealing at, e.g., 350° C. for 3 sec. After the unreacted Ni film is removed, annealing is performed at, e.g., 500° C. for 3 sec to form an Ni silicide film  108  on the diffusion layers  107 .  
         [0090]     After that, as shown in  FIG. 2 , a first silicon nitride film  109  having a film thickness of, e.g., 20 nm is deposited as a film for preventing oxidation on the surface of the Ni silicide film  108 , and as an etching stopper film when contact holes are formed.  
         [0091]     A first interlayer insulating film  110  having a film thickness of, e.g., 300 nm is deposited on the entire surface. The first interlayer insulating film  110  is then planarized by chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) until the surface of the polysilicon film  103  is exposed.  
         [0092]     If the silicon nitride film  104  or the silicon nitride film  104  and first silicon nitride film  109  remain on the polysilicon film  103  when planarization is performed by CMP, these films are removed by using etching back or the like, thereby exposing the surface of the polysilicon film  103 .  
         [0093]     P ions, for example, are implanted into the polysilicon film  103  in the n-type MOS transistor region, and B ions, for example, are implanted into the polysilicon film  103  in the p-type MOS transistor region.  
         [0094]     These impurities doped into the polysilicon film  103  by ion implantation are evenly diffused in the direction of thickness of the polysilicon film  103  by performing annealing at, e.g., 900° C. for about 10 sec.  
         [0095]     The subsequent steps of this embodiment will be described later with reference to FIGS.  7  to  12 . Before that, the subsequent steps of a semiconductor device fabrication method as a comparative example will be described below with reference to FIGS.  3  to  6 .  
         [0096]     In the step shown in  FIG. 3 , an Ni film, for example, is formed by PVD. This Ni film is allowed to react with the polysilicon film  103  by performing annealing at 450° C. for 60 sec, thereby converting the polysilicon film  103  in the gate electrode into an Ni silicide film  111 .  
         [0097]     The unreacted Ni is peeled off by a solution mixture of, e.g., sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide water.  
         [0098]     In the n-type MOS transistor region into which P is ion-implanted, this P segregates in a P segregation film  112  positioned in the interface between the Ni silicide film  111  and silicon oxide film  102 . In the p-type MOS transistor region into which B is ion-implanted, this B segregates in a B segregation film  113  positioned in the interface between the Ni suicide film  111  and silicon oxide film  102 .  
         [0099]     As a consequence, the work function of the silicide electrode changes by about −0.2 eV in the n-type MOS transistor region, and changes by about +0.2 eV in the p-type MOS transistor region. Accordingly, metal gate electrodes having two different work functions can be formed by the metal silicide electrodes (Ni silicide film  111 ) and the ion implantation technique.  
         [0100]     As shown in  FIG. 4 , a second silicon nitride film  114  having a film thickness of, e.g., 20 nm is deposited on the entire surface as a silicide surface anti-oxidizing film of the gate electrode, and a second interlayer insulating film  115  having a film thickness of, e.g., 600 nm is deposited on the entire surface of the second silicon nitride film  114 . In the following steps, as shown in  FIG. 4 , reference numeral  116  denotes the gate electrode including the Ni silicide film  111 , and the silicon nitride film  105  and silicon oxide film  106  as the sidewalls; and  117 , the diffusion layer including the diffusion layer  107  and Ni silicide film  108 .  
         [0101]     In this state, the second silicon nitride film  114  and second interlayer insulating film  115  are stacked on the gat electrode  116 . Also, on the diffusion layer  117 , the first silicon nitride film  109 , first interlayer insulating film  110 , second silicon nitride film  114 , and second interlayer insulating film  115  are stacked.  
         [0102]     As shown in  FIG. 5 , a resist film (not shown) having a desired contact pattern  118  is formed on the second interlayer insulating film  115 , and used as a mask to etch the second interlayer insulating film  115 .  
         [0103]     As shown in  FIG. 6 , the second silicon nitride film  114  whose surface is exposed to the bottom surface of the contact pattern  118  is etched. In this state, the surface of the gate electrode  111  is already exposed. However, the surface of the diffusion layer  117  is not exposed, and the first silicon nitride film  109  and first interlayer insulating film  110  remain on the diffusion layer  117  by an amount equivalent to the height of the gate electrode, i.e., about 100 nm.  
         [0104]     To form a contact hole on the diffusion layer  117 , therefore, it is necessary to further etch the first interlayer insulating film  110  and first silicon nitride film  109 . Consequently, the gate electrode  116  is excessively etched by the height of the gate electrode. In the worst case, the diffusion layer is removed through the gate electrode.  
         [0105]     To avoid this phenomenon, in the fabrication method according to this embodiment, the first interlayer insulating film  110  is selectively removed from the first silicon nitride film  109 , as shown in  FIG. 7 , following the step shown in  FIG. 2 .  
         [0106]     Referring to  FIG. 8 , an Ni film (not shown), for example, is formed by PVD. This Ni film is allowed to react with the polysilicon film  103  by performing annealing at, e.g., 450° C. for 60 sec, thereby converting the polysilicon film  103  as the gate electrode into an Ni silicide film  111 . The unreacted Ni film is peeled off by a solution mixture of, e.g., sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide water.  
         [0107]     In this state, the diffusion layer  107  and the silicide film  108  on it are covered with the first silicon nitride film  109 , and hence do not react with the Ni film.  
         [0108]     As shown in  FIG. 9 , as an anti-oxidizing film of the Ni suicide film  111  of the gate electrode, a second silicon nitride film  114  having a film thickness of, e.g., 20 nm is deposited. On the entire surface of second silicon nitride film  114 , a silicon oxide film having a film thickness of, e.g., 600 nm is deposited as a second interlayer insulating film  115 . The second interlayer insulating film  115  is planarized by CMP or the like.  
         [0109]     In this stage, the second silicon nitride film  114  and second interlayer insulating film  115  are stacked on the Ni silicide film  111  of the gate electrode. Also, on the silicide film  108  on the surface of the diffusion layer  107 , the first silicon nitride film  109 , second silicon nitride film  114 , and second interlayer insulating film  115  are stacked.  
         [0110]     As shown in  FIG. 10 , a resist film (not shown) having a desired contact pattern  118  is formed on the second interlayer insulating film  115 . This resist film is used as a mask to selectively etch the second interlayer insulating film  115  from the second silicon nitride film  114 .  
         [0111]     In the following steps, as shown in  FIG. 10 , reference numeral  116  denotes the gate electrode including the Ni silicide film  111 , and the silicon oxide film  106  and silicon nitride film  105  as the sidewalls; and  117 , the diffusion layer including the diffusion layer  107  and Ni silicide film  108 .  
         [0112]     When the second interlayer insulating film  115  is etched into the shape of the contact pattern  118 , the 20-nm thick second silicon nitride film  114  is present on the gate electrode  116 .  
         [0113]     On the diffusion layer  117 , the first silicon nitride film  109  and second silicon nitride film  114  are present, i.e., the silicon nitride films having a total film thickness of 40 nm remain.  
         [0114]     As shown in  FIG. 11 , therefore, the silicon nitride films  109  and  114  on the diffusion layer  117  on the bottom surface of the contact pattern  118  of the second interlayer insulating film  115  are etched away.  
         [0115]     In this stage, the silicon nitride film  114  is present but the silicon nitride film  109  is not present on the gate electrode  116 . Therefore, etching is excessively done by a thickness of 20 nm of the silicon nitride film  109 . However, this etching amount is small, so etching does not penetrate to the gate electrode  116 .  
         [0116]     As shown in  FIG. 12 , Ti/TiN/W films, for example, are buried in the contact pattern  118  of the second interlayer insulating film  115 , and planarized by CMP to form contacts  119 .  
         [0117]     An Al film is deposited on the second interlayer insulating film  115  and contacts  119  and patterned into the shapes of interconnections, thereby forming Al interconnections  120  electrically connected to the contacts  119 .  
         [0118]     A third interlayer insulating film  121  is deposited on the Al interconnections  120  and second interlayer insulating film  115 , and planarized by CMP.  
         [0119]     The above fabrication steps make it possible to form contact holes on the diffusion layers and gate electrodes, and form CMOS transistors having silicide electrodes.  
       (2) Second Embodiment  
       [0120]     A semiconductor device and a method of fabricating the same according to the second embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS.  13  to  20 .  
         [0121]     As shown in  FIG. 13 , a hafnium silicon oxide film  202  as a gate oxide film is formed on an element region of a single-crystal silicon substrate  200  having an element isolation film  201 . A polysilicon film  203  having a film thickness of, e.g., 100 nm is deposited on the hafnium silicon oxide film  202 .  
         [0122]     The polysilicon film  203  is formed into the shape of an electrode pattern by anisotropic etching, thereby forming gate electrodes.  
         [0123]     These gate electrodes are used as masks to ion-implant, e.g., As +  ions into an n-type MOS transistor region and B +  ions into a p-type MOS transistor region. Annealing is performed at, e.g., 800° C. for 5 sec to form diffusion layers.  
         [0124]     A silicon nitride film  204  having a film thickness of, e.g., 30 nm and a silicon oxide film  205  having a film thickness of, e.g., 30-nm are deposited, and etched back to form a structure in which the sidewalls of the electrode pattern is surrounded by the silicon nitride film  204  and silicon oxide film  205 . In this stage, the surface of the polysilicon film  203  is exposed.  
         [0125]     The gate electrode pattern including the sidewalls made up of the silicon nitride film  204  and silicon oxide film  205  is used as a mask to ion-implant, e.g., P +  ions into the n-type MOS transistor region and B +  ions into the p-type MOS transistor region. Annealing is performed at, e.g., 1,000° C. for 5 sec to form diffusion layers  206 .  
         [0126]     After that, a Co film is formed by PVD.  
         [0127]     This Co film is allowed to react with the silicon substrate  200  by performing annealing at, e.g., 550° C. for 30 sec. After the unreacted Co film is removed, annealing is performed at, e.g., 765° C. for 30 sec to form a Co silicide film  208  on the diffusion layers  206 , and a Co silicide film  207  on the polysilicon film  203 .  
         [0128]     As shown in  FIG. 14 , a first silicon nitride film  209  having a film thickness of, e.g., 20 nm is deposited as a film for preventing oxidation on the surfaces of the Co silicide films  207  and  208 , and as an etching stopper film when contact holes are formed.  
         [0129]     A first interlayer insulating film  210  having a film thickness of, e.g., 300 nm is deposited on the entire surface. The first interlayer insulating film  210  is then planarized by chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) until the surface of the Co silicide film  207  on the polysilicon film  203  is exposed.  
         [0130]     If the silicon nitride film  204  on the polysilicon film  103  and the first silicon nitride film  209  remain after CMP is performed, the silicon nitride film  204  and the first silicon nitride film  209  on the polysilicon film  203  are removed by using etching back or the like.  
         [0131]     As +  ions, for example, are implanted into the polysilicon film  203  in the n-type MOS transistor region, and In ions, for example, are implanted into the polysilicon film  203  in the p-type MOS transistor region.  
         [0132]     As shown in  FIG. 15 , the first interlayer insulating film  210  is selectively removed from the first silicon nitride film  209 .  
         [0133]     Referring to  FIG. 16 , an Ni film (not shown), for example, is formed by PVD.  
         [0134]     This Ni film is allowed to react with the polysilicon film  203  via the Co silicide film  207  by performing annealing at, e.g., 450° C. for 60 sec, thereby converting the polysilicon film  203  as the gate electrode into a CoNi silicide film  211 .  
         [0135]     The unreacted Ni is peeled off by a solution mixture of, e.g., sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide water.  
         [0136]     In this state, the diffusion layer  207  and the Co silicide film  208  on it are covered with the first silicon nitride film  209 , and hence do not react with the Ni film.  
         [0137]     In the n-type MOS transistor region into which As is ion-implanted, this As segregates in an As segregation film  212  positioned in the interface between the CoNi silicide film  211  and hafnium silicon oxide film  202 . In the p-type MOS transistor region into which In is ion-implanted, this In segregates in an In segregation film  213  positioned in the interface between the CoNi silicide film  211  and hafnium silicon oxide film  202 .  
         [0138]     As a consequence, the work function of the silicide electrode changes by about −0.3 eV in the n-type MOS transistor region, and changes by about +0.3 eV in the p-type MOS transistor region.  
         [0139]     In this embodiment as described above, metal gate electrodes having two different work functions can be formed by the metal silicide electrodes and the ion implantation technique.  
         [0140]     As shown in  FIG. 17 , a second silicon nitride film  214  having a film thickness of, e.g., 20 nm is deposited as a silicide surface anti-oxidizing film of the gate electrode. A second interlayer insulating film  215  having a film thickness of, e.g., 600 nm is deposited on the entire surface, and planarized by CMP or the like.  
         [0141]     In this stage, the second silicon nitride film  214  and second interlayer insulating film  215  are stacked on the gat electrode  216 . On the diffusion layer  217 , the first silicon nitride film  209 , second silicon nitride film  214 , and second interlayer insulating film  215  are stacked.  
         [0142]     As shown in  FIG. 18 , a resist film (not shown) having a desired contact pattern  218  is formed on the second interlayer insulating film  215 , and used as a mask to selectively etch the second interlayer insulating film  115  from the second silicon nitride film  214 .  
         [0143]     As shown in  FIG. 19 , the 20-nm thick second silicon nitride film  214  is present on the bottom surface of the contact pattern  218  on the gate electrode  116 . On the diffusion layer  217 , the first silicon nitride film  109  and second silicon nitride film  114  are present, i.e., the silicon nitride films having a total film thickness of 40 nm are present.  
         [0144]     When the silicon nitride films  209  and  214  on the diffusion layer  217  are removed, therefore, the gate electrode  216  is excessively etched by the difference between the thicknesses of the silicon nitride films, i.e., by 20 nm. However, this etching amount is small, so etching does not penetrate through the gate electrode  216 .  
         [0145]     As shown in  FIG. 20 , Ti/TiN/W films, for example, are buried in the contact pattern  218 , and planarized by CMP to form contacts  219 .  
         [0146]     Subsequently, Al interconnections  220  electrically connected to the contacts  119  are formed, and a third interlayer insulating film  221  is deposited and planarized by CMP.  
         [0147]     The above fabrication steps make it possible to form contact holes on the diffusion layers and gate electrodes without any problem, and form CMOS transistors having silicide electrodes.  
         [0148]     The structure of the MIS transistor in the semiconductor device formed in the first or second embodiment will be described below.  
         [0149]     As shown in  FIG. 21 , in a MIS transistor as a comparative example, a hafnium oxide film  302  as a gate insulating film and an Ni suicide film  306  as a gate electrode are formed on a single-crystal silicon substrate  300  having an element isolation film  301 , and an Ni silicide film  305  is formed on a diffusion layer  303 .  
         [0150]     Generally, an increase in junction leakage current and a rise in sheet resistance caused by aggregation are problems of a silicide.  
         [0151]     Especially when a silicide aggregates on a diffusion layer required to have a shallow junction, the junction leakage current increases. This not only deteriorates the transistor performance, but also decreases the yield.  
         [0152]     When silicide formation of the gate electrode must be performed after silicide formation of the diffusion layer as in the first or second embodiment, a thermal budget necessary in the silicide formation of the gate electrode is applied to the silicide of the diffusion layer.  
         [0153]     Accordingly, compared to a generally performed salicide process in which salicides are formed in the gate electrode and diffusion layer at the same time, a thermal budget applied to the diffusion layer is large and the silicide in the diffusion layer readily aggregates in the first or second embodiment.  
         [0154]     Various methods are proposed to suppress the aggregation of a silicide. One method is to suppress the aggregation of a silicide by a cap film made of a silicon nitride film.  
         [0155]     When a cap film  304 A in which a tensile stress of 1 GP1 acts in the directions of arrows X 1  shown in  FIG. 21  is formed on the silicide film  305 , a compression stress acts in the directions of arrows X 2  in the silicide film  305 , and this suppresses aggregation.  
         [0156]     On the other hand, in the Ni silicide film  306  on the gate electrode side, the tensile stress of the cap film  304 A is applied in the directions of arrows X 11  on the upper surface of the gate electrode, and the directions of arrows Y 11  on the two side surfaces of the gate electrode. Therefore, a compression stress acts in the directions of arrows X 12  and arrows Y 12  in the suicide film  306 .  
         [0157]     Accordingly, the vertical and horizontal stresses concentrate to the end portions of the upper surface of the gate electrode. As a consequence, if the stress caused by the cap film  304 A exceeds, e.g., 3 GPa, film peeling occurs between the silicide film  306  and cap film  304 A.  
         [0158]     In the MIS transistor structure having the gate structure made of the silicide film  306  and the diffusion layer on the surface of which a silicide film is formed as in the first or second embodiment, therefore, it is necessary to avoid stress concentration to the end portions of the upper surface of the gate electrode, and at the same time apply a tensile stress of, e.g., 1 GPa or more to the silicide film on the diffusion layer.  
         [0159]     In the MIS transistor according to the first or second embodiment, as shown in  FIG. 22 , the film thickness of a cap film  304 B is set such that a film thickness TB on the diffusion layer is larger than a film thickness TA on a region where no contact is formed on the gate electrode. This makes it possible to reduce stress concentration to the end portions of the gate electrode, and apply an appropriate tensile stress to a silicide film  305  on the diffusion layer. Consequently, it is possible to avoid peeling of the cap film  304 B at the end portions of the upper surface of the gate electrode, and at the same time suppress silicide aggregation on the diffusion layer.  
         [0160]     In the semiconductor devices and the methods of fabricating the same according to the embodiments as described above, it is possible to form metallized gate electrodes and prevent depletion by forming contact holes on silicided gate electrodes and diffusion layers.  
         [0161]     The above embodiments are merely examples and do not limit the present invention. For example, NiSi is used as a metal silicide in the first embodiment. However, it is also possible to use a silicon compound containing at least one of Ni, Pd, Pt, Co, Ti, Zr, and Hf, e.g., Ni 2 Si, Pt 2 Si, PtSi, Pd 2 Si, PdSi, CO 2 Si, CoSi, CoSi 2 , TiSi, TiSi 2 , ZrSi, ZrSi 2 , HfSi, or HfSi 2 .  
         [0162]     Furthermore, the material of a silicide formed on the gate electrode can be different from that of a silicide formed on the diffusion layer.  
         [0163]     In the above embodiments, a polysilicon film is used as the gate electrode material. However, another material such as a compound of silicon and germanium may also be used.  
         [0164]     In the above embodiments, P is ion-implanted into the polysilicon film in the n-type MOS transistor region, and B ions are implanted into the polysilicon film in the p-type MOS transistor region. However, it is also possible to ion-implant, e.g., As or Sb instead of P, and In or Ga instead of B.  
         [0165]     In the above embodiments, annealing is performed after ion implantation in order to diffuse the impurities into the polysilicon films. However, this annealing need not always be performed.  
         [0166]     In the above embodiments, HfSiO 4  is used as the gate insulating film. However, it is possible to similarly use any insulating film containing Hf or Zr. Examples are ZrO 2 , HfO 2 , and ZrSiO 4 . It is also possible to use a gate insulating film containing La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, or Lu.  
         [0167]     In the above embodiments, a silicon nitride film is used as the cap film. However, an SiOC film, Al 2 O 3  film, or the like may also be used.

Technology Category: h