Patent Document

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention concerns a programmable cylinder lock, namely a lock comprising devices intended to allow, through a change operation, to modify the former lock codification in order to adjust the lock for being operated by a key different from the key to which the lock was formerly adapted. 
     More particularly, the invention concerns improvements in a kind of programmable cylinder lock which is known from the European Patents Nos. 0.226.252 and 0.900.310. 
     The kind of locks to which applies the present invention is a lock with a programming device, which comprises a stator, a bore provided in said stator, a rotor rotatably mounted in said stator bore and a keyhole hollowed in said rotor, and wherein the programming device comprises in the stator a longitudinal groove made in said stator bore and a series of stator seats, which in case can contain counterpins and the respective springs, and comprises in the rotor:—a series of first seats intersecting said keyhole and a series of second seats parallel to said first seats;—a first slot and a second slot, orthogonal with respect to said seats and parallel to the rotor axis;—a series of key followers inserted with longitudinal and transversal mobility in said first rotor seats for cooperating with the conformations of a key inserted into said keyhole, each key follower having on one side some projections and on the other side an element for sliding engagement, and having an associated spring;—a series of locking pins slidingly inserted in said second rotor seats corresponding to said stator seats and possible counterpins and having a series of first recesses facing said projections of the key followers and a series of second recesses turned on the side opposite said key followers;—a stop bar inserted in said first rotor slot, having projections facing said second recesses of the locking pins, and a projection turned on the side opposite said locking pins and suitable for cooperating with said stator groove for allowing an outward displacement of the stop bar;—first springs associated to said stop bar and stressing the same outwards;—a change bar, inserted in said second rotor slot, having slidable engagement elements engaged with said sliding engagement elements of the key followers, and having a projection turned on the side opposite the key followers and suitable for cooperating with said stator groove for allowing an outward displacement of the change bar;—said component parts being coordinated in such a way that said projections of the stop bar engage said second recesses of the locking pins when the projection of the stop bar does not correspond to said stator groove, and disengage therefrom when the stop bar corresponds to said stator groove, displaces outwards under action of said first springs and determines for the lock a position for insertion and retraction of the key, whereas said key followers engage said second recesses of the locking pins when the projection of the change bar does not correspond to said stator groove and disengage therefrom when said change bar corresponds to said stator groove, displaces outwards by dragging with them the key followers by action of the respective sliding engagement elements, and determines for the lock a position of key change in which said key followers are disengaged from said locking pins and allow replacing the key with consequent different programming of the lock. 
     The document US 2005/217330 A1 is regarded an the closest prio art and partially corresponds to the preamble of claim  1 . 
     A general drawback of the known programmable locks is that, if the key intended for programming the lock is inserted in incomplete manner, the lock receives a faulty programming which, then, it is not easy to correct. 
     Therefore there is a request for adding a protection against faulty programming due to incomplete key insertion. 
     In addition, in most known programmable locks there are also provided second springs associated with said change bar, which springs stress the change bar outwards whereby, when the lock is situated in the change position, the protrusion of the change bar engages the stator groove, the change bar displaces outwards, cancels the lock programming and allows a new programming. Therefore, the change bar displaces automatically outwards, by disengaging the key followers from the locking pins, each time the key is brought in the change position. 
     However, it is needed to prevent that the lock loses its programming by chance if the key is extracted when it is in the change position, even if the user was not intended to change the programming. To this aim, according to the document EP 0.900.310 there is provided, near the outer end of rotor, a fork ring engaging a recess of the key and preventing its extraction when the key is not in the position for insertion and extraction. In this case, the change of programming is possible only by using a special change key whose shape is such that it is not retained by the fork ring. 
     All this complicates the lock structure and involves complicated actions, difficulties and obstacles for the user who is intended to modify the lock programming. Moreover, because a special key is needed for effecting the change, it is not possible to arrange the lock for using normal keys available in commerce, a possibility which would be of great technical and commercial interest. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The general object of this invention is to improve a lock of the considered kind in order to make up for the stated drawbacks. 
     Therefore, the main object of the invention is to prevent effecting a faulty programming due to an incomplete insertion of the key. 
     Moreover, it is an object the invention that of allowing to effect the wanted programming without introducing any complication in the lock structure and by simplifying at the highest degree the process of programming change, however always preventing a not wanted loss of the lock programming. 
     It is still an object of the invention to give the possibility of arranging the lock for the use of normal keys available in commerce. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     These objects are attained, in a lock of the kind stated in the preamble, in that the lock includes a security device intended to prevent a wrong effectuation of a change operation by hindering the inward displacement of the change bar in the case in which the key intended to programming the lock is inserted in an incomplete manner. 
     It is of advantage that said security device comprises a stop member mounted at the distal end of rotor for displacement in a direction perpendicular to the axis of rotor and to the displacement direction of the change bar, said stop member is susceptible to take a first position, towards which it is pushed by a spring, in which first position it hinders the inward displacement of the change bar, and said stop member is displaced, by the end portion of a key completely inserted into the lock, to a second position in which it does not hinder the displacements of the change bar. 
     Preferably, the change bar is arranged for taking or keeping, even when the key is in the change condition, a position in which the change bar retains the engagement between at least some of the key followers and locking pins; and in that there is provided a change means which can be operated by the user from the outside in order to displace the change bar in the position in which the same disengages all the key followers from the locking pins, when the used is intended to effect the key change. 
     In this way, even when the key is brought in the change position, the change bar retains the engagement between at least a part of the key followers and the locking pins. This is sufficient for preventing the extraction of the key from the lock and thus preventing a not wanted loss of the lock programming. Only if the special change means is then voluntarily operated for displacing the change bar outwards, the change bar displaces all the key followers in the position in which they do not engage the locking pins, and therefore renders possible the key extraction and a new lock programming. 
     Preferably, the change bar is provided for keeping or assuming, even when the key is situated in the change position, a position in which the change bar retains the coupling among at least some of the key followers and locking pins, thanks to the absence of a part of all the springs which usually stress outwards the change bar. In this way, the wanted operation is attained without complicating the lock structure, or even by simplifying said structure. 
     Preferably, the change bar cooperates with a single spring which pushes it outwards and is situated at the end of the change bar which is more remote from the opening for insertion of the key, whereby in the change position the change bar takes an inclined position in which it retains the engagement among the key followers and the locking pins which are situated in the region more near to the opening for insertion of the key. 
     Preferably, said change means which may be operated from outside in order to displace the change bar to the position in which it disengages all the key followers from the locking pins consists in that the lock has, sideways the opening for insertion of the key, a hole facing the change bar, and in that there is provided a change shaft suitable for acting from said hole onto the change bar in order to displace the same outwards. 
     Preferably, the operation of said change shaft if favored by the change bar having, in register with said hole, an inclined portion onto which should operate said change shaft in order to displace outwards the change bar as a consequence of its own insertion. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       These and other features, objects and advantages of the subject of the present invention will more clearly appear from the following description of some embodiments, being not limiting examples, with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein: 
         FIG. 1  represents in axonometric perspective a lock embodiment, partially interrupted and having some outer parts sectioned in order to show some inner parts. 
         FIG. 2  shows a cross section of the lock as it appears in the absence of a key inserted into the lock. 
         FIG. 3  shows a cross section corresponding to  FIG. 2 , and shows the lock as it appears when the correct key has been inserted into the lock. 
         FIG. 4  shows a cross section corresponding to those of  FIGS. 2 and 3 , and represents the lock as it appears when the key has been rotated into the change position. 
         FIG. 5  shows a cross section corresponding to those of  FIGS. 2 ,  3  and  4 , and represents the lock as it appears when the change bar has been displaced outwards for allowing changing the key. 
         FIG. 6  shows in perspective the lock along with the corresponding key which has not yet been inserted into the lock. 
         FIG. 7  shows, in a manner similar to  FIG. 6 , the lock with some parts removed for showing the inner parts and with the key inserted into the lock, and shows the change shaft which has not yet been inserted into the lock. 
         FIG. 8  shows, in a manner similar to  FIGS. 6 and 7 , the lock with some parts removed for showing the inner parts and with the key inserted into the lock, and with the change shaft inserted into the lock. 
         FIG. 9  shows, in a cross section perpendicular to the key plane and in a particular embodiment, the positions of the key followers, the locking pins, the stop bar and the change bar, in a condition corresponding to that of  FIG. 7 . 
         FIG. 10  shows in a cross section the position of the key followers, the locking pins, the stop bar and the change bar, in a condition corresponding to that of  FIG. 9 . 
         FIG. 11  shows, in a manner similar to that of  FIG. 9 , the positions of the key followers, the locking pins, the stop bar and the change bar, in a condition corresponding to that of  FIG. 8 . 
         FIG. 12  shows in a cross section the positions of the key followers, the locking pins, the stop bar and the change bar, in a condition corresponding to that of  FIG. 11 . 
         FIG. 13  shows a security device intended to prevent a faulty execution of a change operation, in the condition in which a change key has been inserted in incomplete manner, and the security device prevents the inward displacement of the change bar. 
         FIG. 14  shows the security device of  FIG. 13 , in the condition in which a change key has been inserted in complete manner, and the security device does not prevent the inward displacement of the change bar. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     With reference to  FIGS. 1 to 5 , a lock of the kind to which the invention is applied includes, in an embodiment, a stator  1  having a cylindrical bore  2  for a rotor  9 ; along bore  2  extends, at least in correspondence of the programming device, a longitudinal side groove  3 . In the represented embodiment, stator  1  has a recess  4  for receiving a ring  5  with a web  6  forming the operative member of the lock, but in other embodiments this web  6  can be replaced by different members, for example by a key as represented in  FIGS. 6 to 8 . Stator  1  also has vertical channels  7  and  8  intended to house counterpins  31  of the lock. 
     Rotor  9  is cylindrical and it has a keyhole  10  for inserting a key C. 
     Rotor  9  is installed inside bore  2  of stator  1 . Rotor  9  includes a series of first seats  12  which intersect the keyhole  10  for the key C, and it includes a series of second seats  13 , parallel to the first seats  12 , a first slot  14  and a second slot  15 , orthogonal with respect to said seats and parallel to the rotor axis. For each unit of the programming mechanism, a key follower  16  is inserted with longitudinal and transversal mobility in one of said first rotor seats  12  for cooperating with the conformations of a key C inserted in said keyhole  10 . The key follower  16  is provided on one side with projections  17  and on the opposite side with an element  18  for sliding engagement, and it is associated with a spring  19  which stresses the key follower towards the keyhole  10 . A locking pin  20  is slidingly inserted in one of said second rotor seats  13 , and it is provided with a series of first recesses  21  facing said projections  17  of the key follower  16 , and with a series of second recesses  22  turned on the side opposite said key follower  16 . A stop bar  23  is inserted in said first rotor slot  14 , and it has projections  24  facing said second recesses  22  of the locking pins  20 , and a projection  25  turned on the side opposite said locking pins and suitable for cooperating with said stator groove  3 . The stop bar  23  is associated with first springs  26  which stress the stop bar outwards. A change bar  27  is inserted in said second orthogonal rotor slot  15 , and it is provided with slidable engagement elements  28  engaged with said sliding engagement elements  18  of the key followers  16 , and with a projection turned on the side opposite the key followers  16  and suitable for cooperating with said stator groove  3 . 
     In the known embodiment shown in  FIGS. 1 to 4 , a counterpin  31  is inserted in the stator channel  8  for cooperating with the locking pin  20 . The counterpin  31  is pushed by a spring  32  which, by means of a little block  33 , rests against a retainment bar  34  inserted in a corresponding stator hole. Such counterpins  31  may be foreseen in order to give more strength to the lock, however they are not necessary and may be omitted. 
     It is to be remarked that the change bar  27 , in the known embodiments, is associated with springs which stress the change bar outwards. Such springs, or at least a part of them, may be omitted in certain embodiments of the present invention, as described later on. 
     According to the invention, the lock includes a security device intended to prevent a faulty execution of a change operation. This security device operates by preventing the inward displacement of the change bar in the case that the key intended to establish the lock programming has been inserted in an incomplete manner. 
     An embodiment of the security device according to the invention is represented in  FIGS. 13 and 14 . According to  FIG. 13 , the key C is in the change position, but it is only partially inserted, whereas according to  FIG. 14  the key C is completely inserted. The security device comprises a stop member shaped as a plate  53  mounted at the distal end of rotor  9 . Plate  53  can displace within a guide member  55  perpendicular to the axis of rotor  9  and to the displacement direction of the change bar  27 . Plate  53  is susceptible of assuming a first position, represented in  FIG. 13  and it is stressed towards this first position by a spring  56 . In this first position plate  53  prevents, by its own shoulder  54  the inward displacement of the change bar  27 . Therefore, if the key C has not been completely inserted, the change bar  27  retains engaged with its projection in the groove  3  of stator  1 , and rotor  2  cannot be displaced from the change position. If, on the contrary, the key C has been inserted in complete manner into rotor  2 , as according to  FIG. 14 , the distal end portion of key C, always having an inclined surface, repels plate  53  against the action of spring  56  into the second position, in which the shoulder  54  does not hinder the inward displacement of the change bar  27 . Therefore this latter can displace inwards as a consequence of the rotation of the key C, and the new lock programming is then established. 
     In this way, a faulty execution of the change operation, due to an incomplete insertion of the key intended for the new programming, is certainly prevented. 
     As already said, according to a feature of the invention the springs stressing outwards the change bar may be at least partially omitted, in order that the key cannot be unintentionally extracted when in the position of change. 
     In this case, the operation of the described mechanism is as follows: 
     In the absence of a key ( FIG. 2 ), the locking pins  20  and possible counterpins  31  pass through the coupling surface between stator  1  and rotor  9 , and they prevent the rotor rotation. The locking pins  20  are rendered solid with the key followers  16  by the mutually engaged toothings  17  and  21 . Under action of springs  26 , the stop bar  23  is inserted with its projection  23  in the stator groove  25 , and therefore the toothings  22  and  24  are mutually disengaged and the displacement of the locking pins  20  along with the key followers  16  is free when a key is inserted or extracted. 
     When the correct key is inserted ( FIG. 3 ), the end portions of the locking pins  20  (and possible counterpins  31 ) are brought to correspond to the coupling surface between stator  1  and rotor  9 , whereby rotor  9  can be rotated by 360° in order to operate the lock. When effected this rotation, all elements take again their initial positions, and the key can be extracted. 
     When, on the contrary, rotor  9  is rotated by 180° into a change position ( FIG. 4 ), the change bar  27  is situated with its projection corresponding to the stator groove  3 . However, in the at least partial absence of springs stressing the change bar  27 , this latter is not completely displaced outwards and at least some toothings  17  of the key followers  16  remain engaged with the teeth  21  of the locking pins  20 , which are blocked in their position by the stop bar  23  which, no more corresponding to the groove  3 , maintains mutually engaged the toothings  22  and  24 . Therefore, in this position it is not possible to unintentionally extract the key C and lose the lock programming. 
     If, on the contrary, the user who is willing to program in a different manner the lock effects from outside a maneuver which brings the change bar  27  to displace outwards by entering its projection into the stator groove  3 , as shown by  FIG. 5 , the elements  18  and  28  of sliding engagement, mutually engaged, displace in transversal direction the key followers  1 . 6  by mutually disengaging the toothings  17  and  21 , whereas the stop bar  23  still blocks the locking pins  20  in their positions. Therefore, in this position it is possible to extract the key, and then all key followers  16  are pushed by springs  19  at the end of their strokes, and the lock loses its former programming. 
     By then inserting a new key, the key followers take a programming position corresponding to this new key. By rotating again rotor  2  by 180°, the lock takes again its initial position according to  FIG. 3 , but now it is programmed according to the codification of the new key. 
     In addition to the described programming mechanisms, the lock may include mechanisms with locking pins and counterpins of conventional type, which in the example are represented by locking pins  41  inserted into bores  11  of rotor  9 , by counterpins  42 , springs  43  and rest blocks  44  inserted in channels  7  of stator  1  and kept in place by retainment bars  35 . These per se well known mechanisms can be adopted with advantage in addition to the programming mechanisms, but a lock according to the invention can well be realized without making use of mechanisms of this type. 
     In a similar manner, if desired, in the lock according to the invention may be included the mechanisms characteristic of the locks with master keys, wherein the locking pins  45  are divided in two or more sections in their regions near the surface separating them from the counterpins  46 . 
     Figures from  6  to  12  show a particular embodiment of the change means intended to push outwards the change bar  27  when the user, after having brought the key C in the change position, intends to effect a new programming of the lock. 
       FIG. 6  shows in perspective the lock along with the corresponding key C which has not yet been inserted into the lock. As it may be remarked, stator  1  has, next to the opening of keyhole  10 , a hole  49  facing the change bar  27 . This is better observable in  FIG. 7 , wherein a portion of stator  1  has been removed for representing the inner parts. 
       FIG. 7  shows the lock with the key inserted into the lock. The key C has displaced, corresponding to its codification, the key followers  16  of the lock, of which are visible here only the elements  18  of sliding engagement, but the change bar  27  has not displaced outwards, whereby the key C cannot be extracted by inadvertence. 
       FIG. 7  also shows a change member formed by a change shaft  50  provided with a handle ring  51 . Here, this change shaft has not yet been inserted into the lock, and it is intended to be introduced in the hole  49  for allowing programming the lock. 
     In  FIG. 8  the change shaft  50  has been inserted into the lock by introducing the same into the hole  49 . The change shaft has operated onto the change bar  27  by displacing the same outwards. The change bar  27 , by acting as represented in  FIG. 5 , has dragged with them the key followers  16  of the lock by acting on their engagement elements  18 , and has disengaged the key followers from the locking pins, which are always retained by the stop bar. Therefore, the key followers are now free to displace along their own longitudinal direction, and they do not hinder extracting the key and then inserting a new key, which will operate the new lock programming. 
     After removal of the change shaft  50  the lock, which is now programmed according to a new codification, takes again its normal operation and, in particular, the key rotation, by bringing the change bar  27  out of the correspondence with the groove  3 , causes an inward displacement of the change bar and, as a consequence, a new engagement of the key followers with the locking pins of the lock. 
       FIG. 9  shows a particular embodiment wherein the change bar  27  cooperates with a single spring  30 . Spring  30  stresses the change bar outwards and it is situated near the end of the change bar  27  which is far from the opening of the keyhole. As a consequence, in the change position the change bar  27  takes an inclined position, as represented, in which it retains the engagement between the key followers and the locking pins in the region near the opening of the keyhole. This is sufficient for preventing a unintentional extraction of the key C. Moreover, at its end turned toward the opening of the keyhole (and therefore corresponding to the formerly described hole  49 ) the change bar  27  has an inclined portion  52  on which is intended to operate the change bar  50  for displacing outwards the change bar as a direct consequence of its insertion, as represented in  FIG. 11 . As already described, the displacement outwards of the change bar  27  disengages the key followers from the locking pins of the lock, thus allowing the extraction of the key and the insertion of a new key, with the consequent new programming of the lock. 
     As an alternative to the embodiment described and preferred, it is possible to provide a short change shaft  50  permanently inserted within the hole  49  and lightly projecting from the front surface of rotor  9 , or from a recess thereof, by forming a push-button whose pressing replaces the described introduction of the change member  50 - 51 . 
     As it may be remarked, the application of the invention does not worsen the inevitable complexity of a lock of the king taken into consideration, whereby the manufacture of the lock according to the invention is relatively easy and advantageous. In addition, the lock programming operations effected by the user become of the greatest simplicity and, at the same time, they offer the greatest security. 
     Is remarkable the fact that, because there is no need of using special keys for programming the lock, this latter can be designed in such a way that it accepts normal keys offered by the market, and this fact is very advantageous from the technical and commercial points of view. 
     It should be understood that this invention is not limited to the embodiment described and shown as an example. Several possible modifications have been pointed out in the course of the description, and others are within the ability of those skilled in the art. These modification and others, and any replacement by technically equivalent means, can be made to what has been described and shown, without departing from the spirit of the invention and the scope of this Patent as defined by the appended Claims.

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