Patent Document

BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE 
     Field of the Disclosure 
     The invention relates to keypads for electronic devices. 
     Description of the Related Art 
     One of the big disadvantages of password-based logon is that the password needs to be keyed in and during this time it can be observed by a third-party or attacker (aka shoulder surfing). This has a whole history of bad experience with regards to the PIN of automated teller machines, but it is also becoming a huge problem with all mobile devices. 
     SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT DISCLOSURE 
     The invention provides for a keypad, a hardware token generator, an input device, an electronic system, and an automated teller in the independent claims. Embodiments are given in the dependent claims. 
     In one aspect the invention provides for a keypad for manual entry of authentication data by a user. The keypad comprises multiple keys for entering the authentication data. At least one of the multiple keys comprises a three position switch. The three position switch comprises an elastic element for restoring the three position switch to a first position when no force is applied to the three position switch. The three position switch is operable to be depressed in a motion direction to a second position. The multiple keys are mounted on a surface. That is to say the keypad comprises a surface which the multiple keys are mounted onto. The motion direction is perpendicular or mostly perpendicular to the surface. The three position switch is operably depressed in the motion direction to a third position beyond the second position. A first force is required to depress the three position switch from the first position to the second position. A second force is required to depress the three position from the second position to the third position. The second force is greater than the first force. The difference between the second force and the first force provides a tactile response to the user so the user can differentiate between the second position and the third position by feel. 
     The keypad further comprises a controller configured for monitoring key presses of the multiple keys and for monitoring key position data of the three position switch of each of the at least one of the multiple keys during the key presses. The controller is further configured for decoding the key presses and the key position data into the authentication data. The keypad is further configured for outputting the authentication data via a data connection. The data connection may for instance be a parallel data connection, a serial type connection, a wireless connection, a Bluetooth connection, a USB connection, or other connection along which an electronic signal or code may be sent. 
     This keypad may have the benefit that an operator or user is able to enter the authentication data in a manner which makes it more difficult to observe the correct key presses to enter the authentication data. For instance when a user is using the keypad one could simply look over the shoulder of the user or use a camera to record the key presses by the user. Including the one or more three position switches makes this more difficult. An adversary may be able to learn the correct sequence of key presses but it would be more difficult to know the actual distance that the key was pressed and also possibly the time or duration to go between the first and the second position of the switch and also between the second and/or third position. This may provides for a keypad for entering authentication data more securely than with a conventional keypad. 
     In another embodiment the difference between the second position and the third position along the motion direction is any one of the following: 0.1 mm and 0.5 mm, 0.5 and 1 mm, 1 mm and 1.5 mm, 1.5 mm and 2 mm, and greater than 2 mm. This embodiment may be beneficial because the difference in motion between the second and third position is small but the user may still be able to feel the difference with the tactile response. This may make it extremely difficult to observe the exact entry of the authentication data by a user. 
     In another embodiment all of the multiple keys for entering authentication data could be three position switches. Each of the multiple keys has its own three position switch. In this embodiment the controller would then monitor each of the three position switches to determine the authentication data to output. 
     In another embodiment the three position switch is a pushbutton switch. 
     The authentication data may take different forms in different examples. One example is where the key position data is mapped to specific characters or character strings. In another example the authentication data includes Meta data which is descriptive of the movement of the three position switches. Meta data might include the key position data and may also include rhythmic or timing data. It may also be possible to have information on the speed at which the switch goes between the first and second position, the second and third position, or even the first to third position be included in the authentication data. 
     In another embodiment the difference between the first force and the second force provides tactile feedback to the user. 
     In another embodiment the difference between the first force and the second force is at least 10 gram force. 1 gram force is equal to 9.80665 mN. In another embodiment the difference between the first force and the second force is between 10 and 20 gram force. In another example the difference between the first force and the second force is between 20 and 30 gram force. In another example the difference between the first force and the second force is 30 gram force. In another embodiment the difference between the first force and the second force is between 30 and 40 gram force. In another example the difference between the first force and the second force is between 40 and 50 gram force. In another example the difference between the first force and the second force is between 50 and 60 gram force. In another example the difference between the first force and the second force is between 60 and 70 gram force. In another example the difference between the first force and the second gram force is between 70 and 80 gram force. In another example the difference between the first force and the second force is between 80 and 90 gram force. In another example the difference between the first force and the second force is between 90 and 100 gram force. In another example the difference between the first force and the second gram force is between 100 and 150 gram force. In another example the difference between the first force and the second force is between 150 and 200 gram force. In another example the difference between the first force and the second force is between 200 and 250 gram force. 
     In another example the difference between the first force and the second force is less than any one of the following: 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 150, 200, and 250 gram force. 
     In another example the first force is at least 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 150, 200, and 250 gram force. The second force can be determined by the value of the first force and any one of the above differences between the first and second force. 
     In another embodiment the authentication data is a character string. Decoding the key presses and the key position data into the authentication data comprises mapping the key position data into characters in the character string. For example the keypad may be for entering digits such as a pin number. The additional data which is descriptive of the positions of the three position switch may be mapped such that additional characters or symbols are added to the authentication data. For example a letter or number code could be added to indicate the position or positions the switch was pressed to. 
     In another embodiment the authentication data comprises a character string representing the key presses and Meta data descriptive of the position data. For instance the data entered by the keypad can simply be described in terms of a normal pin or pass code that is entered. Additional Meta data may be then used to describe the position of the three position switches during the entry of data. This may contain such additional information as the velocity or even the time to transition between the first and second position and/or the second and third position. 
     In another embodiment the key position data is time-dependent. This could include how quickly the keys are pressed. It also may include data on relative velocity of a key press in comparison to other key presses. For instance this may include entering the password with a particular rhythm. 
     In another embodiment the authentication data is descriptive of a rhythm used to enter the authentication data. 
     In another embodiment the authentication data is descriptive of the duration between depressing the three position switch to the second position. 
     In another embodiment the authentication data is descriptive of a duration between depressing the three position switch from the first position to the third position. 
     In another embodiment the authentication data is descriptive of the velocity of the three position switch. 
     In another aspect the invention provides for a hardware token generator for generating a security token. A hardware token generator is a device or apparatus which is used to generate a code which can be used for a security protocol. Very typically hardware token generators have a clock and are used to generate a pin or other pass code which is only valid for a particular duration of time. The hardware token generator comprises a keypad according to an embodiment. The hardware token generator comprises a display for displaying the security token. The security token may be a numerical and/or character and/or symbol display. The hardware token generator further comprises a clock for generating a current time. The hardware token generator further comprises a processor configured for receiving the authentication data via data connection. The hardware token generator further comprises a memory for storing machine-executable instructions and a cryptographic key. Execution of the machine-executable instructions causes the processor to generate the security token by using the current time, the authentication data, and the cryptographic key as input to a cryptographic algorithm. Execution of the machine-executable instructions further causes the processor to display the security token on the display. 
     This hardware token generator may have the benefit of being able to generate the security token more securely. An observer may see the sequences of keys pressed during use of the hardware token generator but it may be more difficult for the observer or adversary to determine how hard or fast or with what rhythm the keys were pressed. 
     In another aspect the invention provides for an input device comprising a keypad according to an embodiment. The input device further comprises an interface for connecting the input device to an electronic system. The data connection is configured for transferring the authentication data to the interface. This embodiment may be beneficial because the input device may be used as a input device of an electronic system for enhanced secure entry of authentication data. In some cases the data connection may be the interface. In other cases the interface is a converter for the data connection. For example the interface may be an USB interface, a wire less (WIFI) interface, a Bluetooth, or other interface. 
     In another embodiment the input device is a keyboard. 
     In another embodiment the interface is any one of the following: a PS/two port connection, a USB connection, a Wi-Fi connection, a Bluetooth connection, a wireless connection, and a wired connection. 
     In another aspect the invention provides for an electronic system comprising the input device of any one of claim  9 ,  10 , or  11 . The electronic system comprises a memory for storing machine-executable instructions and an authentication data database. The electronic system further comprises a processor for executing the machine-executable instructions. Execution of the machine-executable instructions causes the processor to receive the authentication data via the interface. Execution of the machine-executable instructions further causes the processor to validate the authentication data using the authentication data database. Execution of the machine-executable instructions further cause the processor to grant access to the electronic system if the authentication data is validated. 
     In another example execution of the instructions further causes the processor to ignore a portion of the authentication data during the validation of the authentication data using the authentication data database. This embodiment may provide for enhanced security. This may be by how the electronic system processes the password. For example a user could routinely enter several different dummy characters during entry of the authentication data. This would make the entry of the authentication data seem random or changing aspects to it which may make it more difficult for the observer to copy the authentication data. 
     In another embodiment the portion of the authentication data is determined by using a predetermined motion or locations in the authentication data. 
     In another embodiment the portion of the authentication data is determined by determining a start of the portion by identifying an incorrect key press and determining an end of the portion by determining a correct key press. For instance the user could start to enter the authentication data and then at some point decides to enter incorrect data. The user then just simply enters as much incorrect data as is wished and then begins to type the correct end of the password. The system automatically removes the incorrect portion. This may provide for a flexible means of obfuscating the password or PIN number. 
     In another aspect the invention provides for an automated teller machine comprising a display. The automated teller machine further comprises a keypad according to an embodiment. The automated teller machine further comprises a processor configured for receiving the authentication data via the data connection. The automated teller machine further comprises a memory for storing machine-executable instructions. Execution of the machine-executable instructions causes the processor to display a request for a personal identification number on the display, receive the authentication data. Execution of the machine-executable instructions further causes the processor to validate the authentication data via a remote server. Execution of the instructions further causes the processor to provide account access if the authentication data is validated. 
     It is understood that one or more of the aforementioned embodiments of the invention may be combined as long as the combined embodiments are not mutually exclusive. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       In the following embodiments of the invention are explained in greater detail, by way of example only, making reference to the drawings in which: 
         FIG. 1  illustrates a three position switch in the first position; 
         FIG. 2  illustrates the three position switch of  FIG. 1  in the second position; 
         FIG. 3  illustrates the three position switch of  FIG. 1  in the third position; 
         FIG. 4  illustrates an example of a keypad; 
         FIG. 5  illustrates an example of a hardware security token; 
         FIG. 6  illustrates an example of an automatic teller machine; 
         FIG. 7  illustrates an example of an electronic device; 
         FIG. 8  illustrates a further example of a key with a three position switch. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Like numbered elements in these figures are either equivalent elements or perform the same function. Elements which have been discussed previously will not necessarily be discussed in later figures if the function is equivalent. Not all elements shown in one figure may be shown in subsequent figures. 
       FIGS. 1, 2 and 3  show an example of a key  100  with a three position switch  101  for entering authentication data.  FIG. 1  shows the key  100  in the first position  103 .  FIG. 2  shows the key  100  in the second position  200 .  FIG. 3  shows the key  100  in the third position  300 . 
     The key  100  has a set of first contacts  102  that are connected when the key  100  is in the second position  200  and a second set of contacts  104  that are brought into electrical contact when the key  100  is in the third position  300 . In this example when the key  100  is in the third position  300  both the first set of contacts  102  and the second set of contacts  104  are closed. 
     The key  100  for example may have a surface  112  which belongs to the keypad. The key  100  may then be moved in a motion direction  110  which is roughly perpendicular to the surface  112 . The surface  112  is not shown in  FIGS. 2 and 3 . 
     The key  100  has a first connecting element  106  which may be used to connect the first set of contacts  102 . The key  100  may have a second connecting element  108  which is used to connect the second set of electrical contacts  104 . It can be seen that the first connecting element  106  is compressed or depressed when the key  100  is moved from the first  102  to the second position  200 . It is also apparent from  FIGS. 2 and 3  that as the key  100  is further depressed from the second position  200  to the third position  300  the first connecting element  106  is further compressed. There may be a spring or several springs within the key  100  which are used to provide the first force and the second force when the user presses the key  100  into the second position  200  it then requires additional force to press the key  100  into the third position. This may provide a tactile response to the user. 
       FIG. 4  shows an example of a keypad  400 . The keypad has multiple keys  402 . There are numeric keys  100  which are made with three position switches. The three position switch mechanisms are not shown in this figure. This particular keypad  400  also has an enter key  404  which is a normal key. However, in some examples the enter  404  or even additional keys could also be three position switches. The keys  402  are connected to a controller  406  via a connection to the multiple keys  408 . The controller  406  comprises a processor unit  410  which is in connection with a data connection  412  and a memory  411 . The processor  410  receives key presses  416  and key position data  418  from the multiple keys  402  via the connection to the multiple keys  408 . The processor unit  410  may for instance temporarily store the key presses  416  and the key position data  418  in the memory  411 . A set of instructions  414  or a program may be executed by the processor  410  which enables it to generate the authentication data  420  using the key presses  416  and the key position data  418 . The authentication data  420  may take different forms. For instance it may be simply a set of characters that were generated using the key presses  416  and by mapping the key position data  418 . In other examples the authentication data  420  may contain the key presses  416  and Meta data which is descriptive of the key position data  418 . 
       FIG. 5  shows an example of a hardware token generator  500 . The hardware token generator  500  comprises a keypad  400 . The keypad  400  has a number of keys  100  with three-position switches. All of the keys  100  in this example are shown as being three-position switches. The three position switches are not shown in this figure. However, one or more of the keys labeled  100  may also be normal switches. The hardware security token  500  further comprises a display  502  for displaying a security token  504 . In this example the security token  504  is a six digit number or numeral which may be used to verify the identity of a user. Also in this example there is a time bar  506  which shows the remaining time for which the security token  504  is valid. The hardware security token  500  further shows a processor  508  that is connected to the keypad  400  via a data connection  412 . The processor  508  is further shown as being connected to the display, a clock  510  and a memory  512 . In some examples the processor  508  may be identical with the processor  410  shown in  FIG. 4 . That is to say the processor  508  may incorporate the features of processor  410  in  FIG. 4 . The memory  512  may have a current time  514  that has been received from the clock  510 . The memory  512  may have authentication data which is received via the data connection  412 . The memory  512  is further shown as containing a cryptographic key  516 . The cryptographic key may be used as input with the authentication data  420  and the current time  514  as input to a cryptographic algorithm  518 . The cryptographic algorithm  518  is shown as being stored in the memory  512 . The output of the cryptographic algorithm  518  is then the security token  504 . The security token  504  is also shown as being stored in the memory  512 . When the time bar  506  indicates that the security token  504  has expired then the processor  508  may obtain a new time  510  and new authentication data  420  to go through and repeat the process of generating the security token  504 . 
       FIG. 6  shows an example of an automated teller machine  600 . The automated teller machine  600  comprises a processor  602  that is in communication with a keypad  400  via a data connection  412 . The processor  602  is also in contact or communication with a display  604 , a money dispenser  606 , a memory  608 , and a network interface  610 . The network interface  610  is used to establish a network connection  612  with a server  614 . The memory  608  is shown as containing authentication data  420  that was received from the keypad  400  via the data connection  412 . The memory  608  is also shown as containing a control module  616  that contains machine-executable instructions for execution by the processor  602 . The control module  616  contains instructions which enable the processor  602  to control the operation and function of the automated teller machine  600 . The memory  608  is also shown as containing a request  618 . The request  618  was entered into the automated teller machine  600  by the same user as who entered the authentication data  420 . The processor  602  could then execute the control module  616  and control the network interface  610  to send a request to the server  614  that comprises the authentication data  420  and the request  618 . The server  614  would then validate if the authentication data  420  is correct and if the request  618  is allowed. If the request  618  is allowed by the server  614  the server  614  sends a message back to the processor  602  and then the processor  602  is then able to execute the request  618 . This for instance may result in the cash dispenser  606  in dispensing cash or money. 
       FIG. 7  shows an example of an electronic system  700 . The electronic system  700  comprises a keypad  400 . The electronic system further comprises a processor  602  connected to a hardware interface  702  and a memory  608 . The hardware interface  702  is connected to the interface  412  of the keypad  400 . The memory  608  is shown as containing authentication data  420  received via the interface  412 . The memory  608  is further shown as containing a control module  704 . The control module  704  contains instructions which enable the processor  602  to control the operation and function of the electronic device  700 . The memory  608  is further shown as containing an authentication database  706 . When the processor  602  receives the authentication data  420 , the processor  602  can validate the authentication data  420  using the authentication database  706 . The control module  704  may contain instructions which enable the processor  602  to do that. If the processor  602  validates the authentication data  420  using the authentication database  706  then execution of the instructions  704  may cause the processor to grant access to the electronic system. 
     A shoulder-surfer can only observe what they can see with their eyes, which is the sequence of characters, numbers, special characters etc. What they cannot see is all the Meta information like touch pressure, rhythm of entering (limited), variable parts of a password etc. 
     By implementing a Meta information channel into password-based logon, the security posture can be significantly improved. 
     EXAMPLE 1 
     ATM 
     When withdrawing money from an ATM, you typically have to enter a 4- or 5-digit PIN. There have been numerous cases in the past where an attacker has simply observed his/her victim entering the PIN and then made a copy of the card and stole money from them. For the bank customer this often ends in a disaster as the bank&#39;s standpoint is that they must have shared their PIN or wrote it down somewhere. 
     By adding meta data to the PIN entering procedure, the attacker&#39;s life can be made much harder. 
     1.1 Pressure Sensitive Keyboard (with Two Distinct Pressure Points) 
     The pressure sensitive keyboard would have two pressure points (i.e. press lightly and hard) like with the shutter of a DSLR camera. The bank would have to tell the customer which digits of the PIN are to be pressed lightly (i.e. beyond the 1st pressure point) and which ones are to be pressed harder (i.e. beyond the 2nd pressure point). The two pressure points will give the user the necessary feedback that enough pressure has been applied. Especially with an ATM there is no way of having a training program or similar. A “hard” refers to manipulating the switch to the third position. “Soft” refers to manipulating the switch to the second position. 
     As an attacker, simply observing the sequence of numbers is now no longer enough. Adding the hard and soft positions expands the number of passwords or PIN numbers by a factor of 16 for a 4 digit password or PIN number. This is illustrated below. 
     Pressure combination 1:
         1st digit Hard   2nd digit Hard   3rd digit Hard   4th digit Hard       

     Pressure combination 2:
         1st digit Hard   2nd digit Hard   3rd digit Hard   4th digit Soft       

     Pressure combination 3:
         1st digit Hard   2nd digit Hard   3rd digit Soft   4th digit Hard       

     Pressure combination 4:
         1st digit Hard   2nd digit Hard   3rd digit Soft   4th digit Soft       

     Pressure combination 5:
         1st digit Hard   2nd digit Soft   3rd digit Hard   4th digit Hard       

     Pressure combination 6:
         1st digit Hard   2nd digit Soft   3rd digit Hard   4th digit Soft       

     Pressure combination 7:
         1st digit Hard   2nd digit Soft   3rd digit Soft   4th digit Hard       

     Pressure combination 8:
         1st digit Hard   2nd digit Soft   3rd digit Soft   4th digit Soft       

     Pressure combination 9:
         1st digit Soft   2nd digit Hard   3rd digit Hard   4th digit Hard       

     Pressure combination 10:
         1st digit Soft   2nd digit Hard   3rd digit Hard   4th digit Soft       

     Pressure combination 11:
         1st digit Soft   2nd digit Hard   3rd digit Soft   4th digit Hard       

     Pressure combination 12:
         1st digit Soft   2nd digit Hard   3rd digit Soft   4th digit Soft       

     Pressure combination 13:
         1st digit Soft   2nd digit Soft   3rd digit Hard   4th digit Hard       

     Pressure combination 14:
         1st digit Soft   2nd digit Soft   3rd digit Hard   4th digit Soft       

     Pressure combination 15:
         1st digit Soft   2nd digit Soft   3rd digit Soft   4th digit Hard       

     Pressure combination 16:
         1st digit Soft   2nd digit Soft   3rd digit Soft   4th digit Soft       

     The pressure points would have to be distinct enough to not add too much pressure by coincidence and not too hard to press to not reveal the pressure level (soft or hard) visually (for the attacker). 
     The keypad would have to transmit in addition to the digits of the entered PIN the pressure information (soft/hard) to the backend system. The transmission would be secured in the same way as before, just adding the meta information to it. 
     1.2 Rhythm as Meta Information 
     In this case the meta information would come from pauses between entering the different digits of the PIN. For example, the PIN would require having a pause of more than 1 second between the 2nd and 3rd digit. 
     In this case the backend system would have to start a timer after the 2nd digit of the PIN has been received. If the 3rd digit arrives before pre-defined time is over, the PIN will be rejected eventually. 
     2. Mobile Devices 
     2.1 Rhythm 
     As outlined above, the user would be able to define rhythm characteristics with their passwords. For example a wait time between two characters or the rhythm of his/her favorite tune. Also here, the device would have to offer a training mode for the end user to practice. 
     2.2 Flexible Parts in Passwords 
     Traditional passwords are set with the backend once according to a password policy and then used—as they are—multiple times. A flexible-part password, in contrast, has 3 different parts. 
     Part 1: Fixed 
     Part 1 of the password is a fixed sequence of characters according to the password policy 
     Part 2: Variable (Meta Information) 
     Part 2 of the password is a sequence of placeholders that are filled at password-based logon with the restriction that the same sequence of variable characters is not repeated (e.g. with a period of 10 which means after ten logon procedures you can use the first sequence again). 
     Part 3: Fixed 
     Part 3 is again a fixed sequence like part 1. 
     Example 
     A1b2C3 — — — D4e5F6 
     During password-based logon the user would type in the first part of the password (i.e. A1b2C3), then type in 3 arbitrary characters (e.g. $tU), then continue with the 3rd part of the password (i.e. D4e5F6). 
     The backend would then check if the first part is o.k., the second part hasn&#39;t been used before (inside the pre-defined period of e.g. 10 times), and the 3rd part is o.k. 
     The attacker would observe the password entered and try to logon but would fail due to the fact that the second part is re-used and rejected. 
     At the next logon the legitimate user would get a notification that an already expired password has been used which might give a hint that his/her account has been attacked and has a chance to change the password overall. 
     Example 
     Password: fixed 
     A1b2C3D4e5 
     Flexible sequence: 3 characters, initiated by the @ symbol 
     At logon: 
     A1b2C@abc3D4e5 
     Obfuscating the password: 
     You start typing your password, then deliberately type something wrong (bogus characters) and then continue with the real password. 
     For example if the password were A1b2C3D4e5, an accepted password would be A1b2ZZUZC3D4e5. Another accepted password would be: HENKJA1b2C3D4e5. The manipulation of the three way switches could also be included into this scheme. A character in the password is not considered correct unless it is correctly pressed into the second or third position using the three way switch. 
     2.3 Flexible Parts Passwords Including Rhythm 
     This is a combination of flexible part passwords together with rhythm meta data. 
     Again the password consists of three parts, part 1 fixed, part 2 flexible, and part 3 fixed again. 
     During password-based logon, the user would enter part 1 (rhythm doesn&#39;t matter here), the enter a number of arbitrary characters but in a certain rhythm that has been negotiated with the backend (e.g. his/her favorite tune), then continue with part 3 of the password. Here it can be defined if the variable part should be reusable or not. 
     The attacker would still be able to observe the password and to re-type it but due to the fact that he isn&#39;t able to reproduce the rhythm metadata he&#39;s bound to fail. 
     The advantage of this method is that the passwords get a lot more complex from an attackers point of view but are still easy to remember from a user&#39;s point of view as the user just needs to memorize the 1st and 3rd part of the password. 
     A backend system would have a configuration utility wherein the administrator can define the positions of flexible characters in the overall password by policy. 
     Also here, a training program would be offered by the mobile device operating system. 
       FIG. 8  shows a further example of a key with a three position switch  100 ′. The switch  100 ′ is similar to the switch  100  shown in  FIGS. 1 through 3 . In this example, there is a first spring  800  and a second spring  802 . The first spring is between the key  100  and the structure  803  with the first set of contacts  102 . The second spring is between the structure  803  with the first set of contacts  102  and the structure  804  with the second set of contacts  104 . The first spring  800  is weaker than the second spring  802 , it requires less force to compress it than the first spring. 
     When the key is depressed, the first spring  800  compresses much more than the second spring and the first connecting element contacts the first set of contacts. This places the three position switch  100 ′ into the second position. If the force on the key  100  is increased further then the first connecting element  106  puts force onto the structure  803  with the first set of contacts. The second spring  802  may then be compressed bringing the second connecting element into contact with the second set of contacts  104 . In this example the surface  112 , the structure  803  with the first set of contacts  102 , and the structure  804  with the second set of contacts  104  may be able to move relative to each other in the direction  110 . This is however only an example and in other examples, these structures may be fixed relative to each other. 
     LIST OF REFERENCE NUMERALS 
     
         
         
           
               100  key 
               101  three position switch 
               101 ′ three position switch 
               102  first set of contacts 
               103  first position 
               104  second set of contacts 
               106  first connecting element 
               108  second connecting element 
               110  motion direction 
               112  surface 
               200  second position 
               300  third position 
               400  keypad 
               402  multiple keys 
               404  enter key 
               406  controller 
               408  connection to multiple keys 
               410  processor unit 
               411  memory 
               412  data connection 
               414  instructions 
               416  key presses 
               418  key position data 
               420  authentication data 
               500  hardware token generator 
               502  display 
               504  security token 
               506  time bar 
               508  processor 
               510  clock 
               512  memory 
               514  current time 
               516  cryptographic key 
               518  cryptographic algorithm 
               600  automated teller machine 
               602  processor 
               604  display 
               606  cash dispenser 
               608  memory 
               610  network interface 
               612  network connection 
               614  server 
               616  control module 
               618  request 
               700  electronic system 
               702  hardware interface 
               704  control module 
               706  authentication database 
               800  first spring 
               802  second spring 
               803  structure 
               804  structure

Technology Category: g