Patent Document

FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
   The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device; and, more particularly, to a method for manufacturing a dynamic random access memory (DRAM) capacitor having a double dielectric layer of aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) and hafnium oxide (HfO 2 ) therein. 
   DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART 
   Recently, as a semiconductor device is highly integrated, research and development on the semiconductor device have been directed toward both reducing a cell area and lowering a device-operating voltage. Despite reduction of the cell area, a capacitance for operating a memory device is still demanded to be kept on the order of at least 25 fF per cell, which can prevent the memory device from generation of soft errors and decrease of a refresh time. 
   To meet the demand, therefore, there are several methods, such as a trench type or a stack type capacitor, which are arranged three-dimensionally in the memory device for reducing the cell area available to the desired capacitor. However, there is still a strong demand for a new memory device that can reduce the cell area and secures a requisite volume of information simultaneously. 
   Therefore, in manufacturing a conventional dynamic random access memory (DRAM) device having a nitride-oxide (NO) capacitor of which a dielectric material employs silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 , ∈=7), it has been typically necessary to utilize a storage electrode of three dimensional structure having hemispherical grains (HSGs) formed thereon due to its low dielectric constant. The three-dimensional electrode structure with the HSGs increases an effective surface area of the storage electrode for securing the capacitance. However, since the capacitor has a high vertical electrode structure, step coverage is inevitably deteriorated. Thus, it is difficult to reduce an equivalent oxide thickness (Tox) below 40 Å because of its low dielectric constant. 
   In addition, since the method described above has limitation in applications for 256 megabytes or greater future generation DRAMs to ensure the desired capacitance of the capacitor for small cell area, a new DRAM capacitor having a high k dielectric material therein has been proposed such as tantalum oxide (Ta 2 O 5 , ∈=25), hafnium oxide (HfO 2 , ∈=20˜25) or the like. 
   Referring to  FIGS. 1A to 1C , there is shown cross sectional views setting forth a conventional method for manufacturing a DRAM capacitor having a single dielectric layer therein. 
   In  FIG. 1A , the conventional method for manufacturing the DRAM capacitor begins with preparing an active matrix  105  including a semiconductor substrate  110 , an interlayer dielectric (ILD)  112  and a storage node  114  obtained after patterning the ILD  112  into a predetermined configuration. The storage node  114  is electrically connected to a source/drain region embedded in the semiconductor substrate  110  which is not shown in drawings for the sake of convenience. 
   Thereafter, a bottom electrode  116  with a cylindrical structure is formed on top faces of the storage node  114  and portions of the ILD  112  by using an exemplary deposition technique. The bottom electrode  116  employs a predetermined conductive material, e.g., a polysilicon doped with an impurity such as phosphorous (P) or arsenic (As). Herein, the bottom electrode  116  can be a concave structure. Additionally, hemispherical grains (HSGs) may be formed on the bottom electrode  116  for increasing the effective surface area. 
   Following the formation of the bottom electrode  116 , referring to  FIG. 1B , a dielectric layer  118  is formed on exposed surface of the bottom electrode  116 . The dielectric layer  118  is a single layer employing a material such as Si 3 N 4 , Ta 2 O 5 , Al 2 O 3 , HfO 2  or the like. 
   Finally, a top electrode  120  is formed on exposed surface of the dielectric layer  118  by using an exemplary deposition technique, wherein the top electrode  120  employs a predetermined conductive material such as iridium (Ir), platinum (Ir), tungsten (W) or the like. Thus, a conventional DRAM capacitor is achieved as shown in  FIG. 1C . 
   As aforementioned, the conventional method for manufacturing the DRAM capacitor makes use of a single dielectric layer  118  of various dielectric materials so that there are induced several shortcomings. 
   First, in utilizing Ta 2 O 5  as the dielectric layer  118  in the DRAM capacitor, there is a problem that the surface of the bottom electrode  116  is unavoidably oxidized during a post annealing process after depositing the dielectric layer  118  on the bottom electrode  116 . Thus, the equivalent oxide thickness (Tox) becomes beyond about 30 Å. Additionally, there is also a drawback that leakage current of the capacitor increases owing to a deterioration of the dielectric layer  118  during high temperature annealing process for recovering a dielectric property. 
   Second, the DRAM capacitor having dielectric layer  118  of Al 2 O 3  therein has a problem that it has a low dielectric constant so that it is not appropriate for securing the sufficient capacitance although the Al 2 O 3  dielectric layer  118  has a good property of the breakdown strength and leakage current. 
   Third, the DRAM capacitor of HfO 2  dielectric layer  118  suffers from drawbacks that it has low breakdown strength so that the DRAM capacitor becomes vulnerable to electrical shock, whereby capacitor endurance is deteriorated in the long run. 
   Therefore, the conventional method for manufacturing the DRAM capacitor using a single dielectric layer  118  inevitably suffers from problems of low capacitance, increase of leakage current and poor electrical endurance, whereby a reliability of the memory device becomes deteriorated. 
   SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   It is, therefore, an object of the present invention to provide a method for manufacturing a semiconductor capacitor having a double dielectric layer of aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) and hafnium oxide (HfO 2 ), thereby enhancing a charge capacitance and a breakdown strength of the semiconductor capacitor. 
   In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for manufacturing a semiconductor capacitor, the method including the steps of: a) preparing an active matrix including a semiconductor substrate, an ILD formed on the semiconductor substrate and a storage node obtained after patterning the ILD into a predetermined configuration; b) forming a bottom electrode on top faces of the storage node and portions of the ILD; c) forming a diffusion barrier on an exposed surface of the bottom electrode; d) forming a double dielectric layer including an aluminum oxide layer and a hafnium oxide layer, wherein the aluminum oxide layer and the hafnium oxide layer are formed on the diffusion barrier in succession; e) carrying out an annealing process for recovering dielectric properties of the aluminum oxide layer and the hafnium oxide layer; and f) forming a top electrode on the hafnium oxide layer. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     The above and other objects and features of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of the preferred embodiments given in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: 
       FIGS. 1A to 1C  are cross sectional views setting forth a conventional method for manufacturing a semiconductor capacitor having a single dielectric layer therein; 
       FIGS. 2A to 2D  are cross sectional views setting forth a method for manufacturing a semiconductor capacitor having a double dielectric layer of aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) and hafnium oxide (HfO 2 ) therein in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention; and 
       FIG. 3  is a graph illustrating a process mechanism for forming the diffusion barrier of silicon nitride by means of the ALD method in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. 
   

   DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
   There are provided in  FIGS. 2A to 2D  cross sectional views setting forth a method for manufacturing a semiconductor capacitor in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that like parts appearing in  FIGS. 2A to 2D  are represented by like reference numerals. 
   Referring to  FIG. 2A , an inventive method for manufacturing a semiconductor capacitor begins with preparation of an active matrix  205  including a semiconductor substrate  210 , an ILD  212  formed on a top face of the semiconductor substrate  210  and a storage node  214  obtained after patterning the ILD  212  into a predetermined configuration. Herein, the storage node  214  employs a doped polysilicon, wherein the storage node  214  is electrically connected to a source/drain region embedded in the semiconductor substrate  210 , which is not shown for the sake of convenience. 
   Thereafter, a bottom electrode  216  is formed on a top face of the storage node  214  and portions of the ILD  212 . The bottom electrode  216  employs a predetermined conductive material, e.g., a polysilicon doped with an impurity such as phosphorous (P) or arsenic (As). In addition, the bottom electrode  216  is formed by using a method such as a sputtering method, a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method, an atomic layer deposition (ALD) method or the like. While the bottom electrode  216  has a cylindrical structure in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to form the bottom electrode  216  with a concave structure. Also, hemispherical grains (HSGs) can be formed on exposed surface of the bottom electrode  216  for increasing an effective surface of the bottom electrode  216 . 
   Subsequently, a pre-cleaning process is carried out for removing a native oxide, e.g., silicon oxide, on the surface of the bottom electrode  216  and for carrying out hydrogen termination process. The pre-cleaning process is performed by using a hydrogen fluoric (HF) acid diluted with water in a ratio ranging from about 10 to about 100. Alternatively, the pre-cleaning process can be carried out by using an HF acid diluted with ammonium fluoride (NH 4 F) in a ratio ranging from about 5 to about 500. The diluted HF with water or NH 4 F has the advantage of dissolving the natural oxide of silicon oxide without attacking polysilicon, i.e., the bottom electrode  216 . 
   Herein, before or after the pre-cleaning process, a supplementary cleaning process may be introduced in order to remove impurities again such as organic material, inorganic material or the like, which remains on the surface of the bottom electrode  216 . The supplementary cleaning process can be carried out by making use of a mixed solution of NH 4 OH, H 2 O 2  and H 2 O or a mixed solution of H 2 SO 4  and H 2 O 2.    
   In a next step, referring to  FIG. 2B , a diffusion barrier  218  is formed on an exposed surface of the bottom electrode  216  for prevent oxygen diffusion into the bottom electrode  216  by nitrifying the surface of the bottom electrode  216  or by depositing a predetermined material for use in the diffusion barrier  218  by means of an atomic layer deposition (ALD) method. Herein, the diffusion barrier  218  of the present invention employs silicon nitride (SiN). The process for forming the diffusion barrier  218  of the SiN layer is more illustrated in detail hereinafter. 
   A first process for forming the diffusion barrier  218  is carried out by nitrifying the surface of the bottom electrode  218  as aforementioned. That is, the first process is performed by annealing the bottom electrode  216  for about one minute to about 5 minutes making use of plasma in an ammonia (NH 3 ) gas chamber at a temperature ranging from about 200° C. to about 500° C., on condition that NH 3  gas is supplied into the chamber in a flow rate ranging from about 25 sccm (standard cubic centimeters) to about 250 sccm, a pressure ranges from about 0.1 torr to about 10 torr and an RF power is applied thereto in a range of about 100 W to about 500 W. 
   Alternatively, the first process for forming the diffusion barrier  218  through a nitrification process of the bottom electrode  216  can be carried out by annealing the bottom electrode  216  in a rapid thermal processing (RTP) chamber or an electrical furnace in NH 3  gas ambient, on condition that NH 3  gas is supplied into the chamber in the flow rate ranging from about 25 sccm to about 250 sccm, a temperature ranges from about 600° C. to about 800° C. and a pressure ranges from about 700 torr to about 760 torr or from about 1 torr to about 100 torr. 
   A second process for forming the diffusion barrier  218  of SiN is carried out by using the ALD method. The second process is carried out by using dichlorosilane (DCS, SiH 2 Cl 2 ) gas as a silicon source and NH 3  gas as a reactant gas at a temperature ranging from about 550° C. to about 650° C. 
   Referring to  FIG. 3 , there is shown a graph setting forth a mechanism of the second process for depositing the diffusion barrier  218  of SiN by means of the ALD method in detail. 
   In  FIG. 3 , the second process for forming SiN layer begins with loading a semiconductor structure including the active matrix  205  and the bottom electrode  216  formed on the active matrix  205  prepared by a predetermined process. Subsequently, the DCS gas is supplied into the chamber for T 1  time, whereby the DCS gas is absorbed on the surface of the bottom electrode  216 . Then, a purge gas, e.g., an inert gas such as argon gas, nitrogen gas or the like, is supplied into the chamber for T 2  time in order to remove DCS residues which are not reacted with the bottom electrode  216 . Thereafter, a reactant gas such as NH 3  or the like is supplied into the chamber in order to render NH 3  gas to be reacted with an absorbed DCS gas for T 3  time, thereby depositing an SiN atomic layer. Finally, the purge gas, e.g., inert gas such as argon gas, nitrogen gas or the like, is supplied into the chamber for T 4  time in order to remove unreacted gas and by-products. The time during T 1  to T 4  is one cycle for depositing the SiN atomic layer. Thus, it is possible to form the SiN layer with desired thickness by repeating this cycle in case of using the ALD method. 
   Although the SiN layer can be formed by using a conventional low pressure CVD (LPCVD) method, the SiN layer formed by means of the LPCVD method has hydrogen content of about 75% in the SiN layer which is analyzed by a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) so that the quality of the SiN layer can not help but be deteriorated in comparison with the SiN layer achieved by means of the ALD method in accordance with the present invention. 
   Following the formation of the diffusion barrier  218  of SiN, referring to  FIG. 2C , an aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) layer  220  and a hafnium oxide (HfO 2 ) layer  222  are formed on exposed surface of the diffusion barrier  218  by in-situ deposition or ex-situ deposition, thereby forming a double dielectric layer  221  with a high dielectric constant and an enhanced breakdown strength. The aluminum oxide layer  220  and the hafnium oxide layer  222  are deposited by using a method such as the ALD or the CVD method with uniform thickness. Herein, it is noted that a total thickness of the double dielectric layer  221  should not exceed in a range of about 30 Å to about 70 Å and a thickness ratio between the hafnium oxide layer  222  and the aluminum oxide layer  220  should range from about 1:0.5 to about 1:5. In addition, it is preferable that the aluminum oxide layer  220  should be deposited with the thickness at least 20 Å and the hafnium oxide layer  222  should be deposited with the thickness at least 10 Å. 
   In depositing the aluminum oxide layer  220 , it is preferable to make use of an organic material containing aluminum such as aluminum trimethyl (Al(CH 3 ) 3 ) precursor, aluminum triethyl (Al(OC 2 H 5 ) 3 ) precursor or the like as a source gas. In addition, it is preferable to utilize ozone (O 3 ) gas or oxygen (O 2 ) gas as a reactant gas. The formation of the aluminum oxide layer  220  is carried out on condition that the source gas is supplied thereto in the flow rate ranging from about 50 sccm to about 500 sccm, the flow rate of the reactant gas is in the range of about 0.1 sccm to about 1 sccm and a concentration of ozone gas is in the range of about 180 g/m 3  to about 220 g/m 3.    
   Additionally, in depositing the hafnium oxide layer  222 , it is preferable to make use of hafnium tert-butoxide (C 16 H 36 HfO 4 ) precursor or an organic metallic compound precursor containing Hf therein such as a tetrakis-diethyl-amino-hafnium (TDEAHf), a tetrakis-ethyl-methyl-amino-hafnium (TEMAHf) or the like as a source gas. It is preferable to utilize O 3  gas or O 2  gas as a reactant gas. The formation of the hafnium oxide layer  222  is carried out on condition that the source gas is supplied thereto in the flow rate ranging from about 50 sccm to about 500 sccm, the flow rate of the reactant gas is in the range of about 0.1 sccm to about 1 sccm and a concentration of ozone gas is in the range of about 180 g/m 3  to about 220 g/m 3.    
   As described already, it is preferred to deposit the double dielectric layer  221  uniformly at the temperature ranging from about 250° C. to about 450° C. for restraining the formation of crystallites in the double dielectric layer  221 . That is, amorphous state should be kept during the deposition process of the double dielectric layer  221 . If not, it incurs serious shortcomings that a dielectric property is deteriorated, to thereby debase an electrical property of the double dielectric layer  221 . 
   After forming the double dielectric layer  221 , an annealing process is carried out in N 2  gas ambient containing O 2  gas less than 1 ppm for about 5 minutes to about 15 minutes in an electrical furnace in order to recover the dielectric property, on condition that the flow rate of N 2  gas is in the range of about 0.5 sccm to about 1 sccm and a temperature ranges about 600° C. to about 800° C. Alternatively, this annealing process can be carried out by means of the RTP for about 1 minute to about 3 minutes on condition that the flow rate of N 2  gas is in the range of about 0.5 sccm to about 1 sccm and a temperature ranges about 600° C. to about 800° C. 
   Following the annealing process, referring to  FIG. 2D , a top electrode  224  is formed on exposed surface of the hafnium oxide layer  222 , wherein the top electrode  224  employs a predetermined conductive material such as TiN, TaN, W, WN, Ru, RuO 2 , Ir, IrO 2 , Pt or the like. Therefore, the inventive semiconductor capacitor  200  is obtained. 
   In case of using a metallic material as the top electrode  224 , it is preferable to form a protective layer (not shown) or a buffer layer (not shown) with the top electrode  224 , which employs a material such as a doped polysilicon or silicon nitride, for protecting the top electrode  224  from moisture, temperature or electrical shock. Herein, the thickness of polysilicon or silicon nitride layer is preferably in the range about 200 Å to 1,000 Å. 
   In comparison with the prior art, the semiconductor capacitor in accordance with the present invention is achieved by forming the diffusion barrier  218  of SiN and the double dielectric layer  221  of the aluminum oxide layer  220  and the hafnium oxide layer  222 , wherein the aluminum oxide layer  220  has good characteristics of breakdown strength and leakage current and the hafnium oxide layer  222  has a high dielectric constant enough to secure high capacitance of the semiconductor capacitor  200 . 
   Even if the semiconductor capacitor has an equivalent oxide thickness (Tox) of less than 25 Å in accordance with the present invention, the semiconductor capacitor shows breakdown voltage above 2.0 V at an electrical current of 1 pA (pico-ampere)/cell, and also maintains leakage current below 0.5 fA (femto-ampere)/cell by virtue of the double dielectric layer of AlO 3  and HfO 2.    
   In addition, since the semiconductor capacitor in accordance with the present invention employs the SiN layer as the diffusion barrier  218 , it is possible to prevent an interfacial reaction between the storage node  214  of polysilicon and the double dielectric layer  221 , whereby the semiconductor capacitor shows a thermal stability during a post annealing process compared with prior art capacitor only having a single oxide layer such as HfO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , Ta 2 O 5  or the like as the dielectric layer. Therefore, it is possible to obtain the semiconductor capacitor with an enhanced electrical endurance and a high reliability. 
   While the present invention has been described with respect to the particular embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.

Technology Category: 5