Patent Document

FIELD OF INVENTION  
       [0001]     The invention relates generally to the management of distributed network devices. In particular, the invention relates a method and system for remotely storing at a network server substantially all the information used by a network device, such as a multi-layer switch, for initialization.  
       BACKGROUND  
       [0002]     Distributed networks, including local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and the Internet, for example, are comprised of “nodes” interconnected by various transmission media. The term nodes refers broadly to a wide range of network devices such as: (a) computers and workstations; (b) switching devices, including bridges, multi-layer switches, and routers; and (c) special purpose devices including file servers and directory serves, for example. Many of these devices require numerous pieces of information in order to complete some form of set up procedure and make the device operational. This information, collectively referred to herein as device-specific setup (DSS) information or DSS data herein, required to make the device operational varies depending on the function of the device and its complexity.  
         [0003]     The DSS information used by a switch generally includes information in traps, VLAN assignments, spanning tree information, routing tables, ATM circuit setup, and network management commands, for example. Being device-specific, the DSS generally differs from one device to the next. In a switch, for example, the DSS includes a listing of adjacent devices operatively coupled to the switch—including the make and model and port information—which is unique for each switch in the network. In modern switches, substantially all DSS data necessary to make a switch operational is retained at the switch in an information base in local memory. This DSS information is provided as input when the switch is installed and brought online.  
         [0004]     In addition to the DSS information, a switch may also require various shared resources, including policy information and authentication information, for example. Policy information may include quality-of-service assignments, and authorization information generally includes account names, passwords, and access rights that restrict access to a network device such as a switch. The policy and authentication information is sometimes stored in one or more central databases referred to herein as shared resource servers. In particular, policy information is stored in a policy server while authorization information is stored at an authorization server. The shared resource servers generally maintain policy and authentication information for a multiplicity of devices.  
         [0005]     There are four main problems with approaches presently known in the art. First, all the DSS information must be fed to each network device upon initialization of the device. This typically requires that the network administrator manually enter the information at the switch and or download the DSS information to the switch. This procedure must be repeated for each configurable device in the network, which is both labor intensive and susceptible to human error. Consider, for example a network including 100 switches which all use a common authentication server. After the authentication files are set up, each one of the 100 switches must be issued a set of commands instructing it to direct authentication information queries to the authentication server. While such commands are supported by various management protocols including the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP), the command that may differ from one switch to the next. As such, the network administrator may need to be familiar with the multiplicity of commands necessary to properly manage the devices.  
         [0006]     The second problem is that modification of the network device configuration is extremely burdensome. To designate a new authentication server, for example, a set of commands informing each switch of the new authentication must be issued to each of the 100 switches. To compound the difficulty, one or more of those switches may be down or unreachable, making it necessary for the administrator to return to and update any previously-unavailable switch once it becomes reachable. Changing the policy server presents a similar level of difficulty.  
         [0007]     Third, generating a backing up copy of DSS information for a large network is also overly burdensome. A back up copy of the DSS information must generally be acquired for every switch individually. There are presently no known procedures for simultaneously backing up substantially all the DSS information for a plurality of switches.  
         [0008]     Fourth, designing and coding a network management system (NMS) to control or otherwise interface with a plurality of switches having different configuration requirements, different software installations, and different interfaces is unnecessarily difficult. To be useful, for example, a conventional NMS must be designed to support a large number of devices, whether or not those devices are in the client&#39;s subnet or are presently under the management of the NMS.  
         [0009]     There is therefore a need for a system for conveniently storing, downloading, accessing, modifying, and backing up large quantities of DSS information for at least one managed network device.  
       SUMMARY  
       [0010]     The invention in its several embodiments features method for the automated set-up a configurable network device (CND) where the CND has associated with it device-specific setup information (DSSI). The CND is operably coupled to a distributed network comprising a DSSI server having a DSSI server identifier, a policy server having a policy server identifier, and an authentication server having an authentication server identifier. The method of the preferred embodiment comprises the steps of storing substantially all the DSSI, including the policy server identifier and authentication server identifier, at the DSSI server; inputting the DSSI server identifier to the CND; and retrieving the DSSI for the configurable switching device from the DSSI server. Once the policy server identifier and authentication server identifier have been retrieved, policy information is retrieved from the policy server and authentication information is retrieved from authentication server. The process by which information is retrieved from the various servers preferably occurs automatically upon initialization and boot-up of the CND, or periodically depending on the kind of data and the frequency with which it changes.  
         [0011]     The CND in the preferred embodiment is a multi-layer switching device. The DSSI server, in turn, may be employed to retain the DSSI of a plurality of switching devices, thereby allowing a network administrator to efficiently backup and modify initialization and operational parameters for one or more devices without contacting each of the network devices individually. 
     
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0012]     The present invention is illustrated by way of example and not limitation in the figures of the accompanying drawings, and in which:  
         [0013]      FIG. 1  is a network topology in which the automated-configuration procedure is employed, according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0014]      FIG. 2  is a functional block diagram of a switching device adapted to perform the automated-configuration procedure, according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0015]      FIG. 3  is a flow chart of the method for performing the automated configurable network device setup, according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0016]      FIG. 4  is a flow chart of the method for performing the automated CND setup for a switching device, according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0017]      FIG. 5  is a flow diagram of the message exchange for performing the automated-configuration procedure, according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0018]      FIG. 6A  is a flow diagram of the message exchange for updating DSS information at the primary DSS information server, according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0019]      FIG. 6B  is a flow diagram of the message exchange for updating shared resource information at the shared resource server, according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0020]      FIG. 7  is a flow diagram of the message exchange for assigning a new primary configuration server, according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention; and  
         [0021]      FIG. 8  is a flow diagram of the message exchange for assigning a new shared resource server, according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION  
       [0022]     Illustrated in  FIG. 1  is a distributed network topology comprising one or more network devices with which the automated-configuration procedure may be implemented. The network  100  generally includes one or more packet-switched network components including a LAN, a WAN, or a MAN, an intranet, the Internet, or a combination thereof. Operatively coupled to the network  100  are a plurality of nodes including one or more network devices  102  requiring DSS data, at least one data store  106 , and a network management system.  
         [0023]     The network devices  102 , CNDs, are any of a variety of devices that require DSSI. DSSI or DSS data (DSSD) as used herein collectively refers to the one or more parameters, settings, or variables that need be assigned or otherwise inputted in order to initialize, boot, start, or, in some cases, continual operation a configurable network device. DSS information for a multi-layer switching device generally includes, but is not limited to: 
        System settings such as VLAN assignments, spanning tree, routing tables, description, contact, and location;     Chassis and interface settings such as Ethernet port configuration;     IP routing information such as RIP, OSPF, BGP, VRRP, IP-ROUTING and IPMR; IPX routing, VLAN settings such as the creation and deletion of VLANS, modification of VLAN identifications, type, spanning tree state, mobility, router protocol, and authentication;     DSS policy information including the location of the policy server, such as the server IP address and port number; the base address if the policy server is an LDAP server; and a user name, password, authentication certificate, or combination thereof to access the policy server; International Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) 802.1Q information including VLAN association rules;     DSS authorization and security settings regulating file transfer protocol (FTP) access or simple network management protocol (SNMP) access including, for example, the location of the authentication server, such as the server IP address and port number; the base address if the authentication server is an LDAP server; a user name, password, authentication certificate, or combination thereof to access the authentication server; access rights either permitting or denying access for different access modes, e.g., FTP, TELNET, SNMP, secure shell (SSH), and console;     Trap information including a trap server address or the identification of other clients interested in receiving traps from the particular CND;     Accounting settings;     Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP);     Server load balancing properties enabling a server, for example, to perform load balancing with one or more additional servers;     Web accesses properties including the Web server configuration of the present node and other nodes;     Domain Name Service (DNS);     Group Mobility Advertisement Protocol;     VLAN advertisement Protocol; and     ATM setup information.        
 
         [0038]     A compilation of DSS information pertaining to a particular CND is then referred to herein as a DSS information base (DIB). There may be a unique DIB including one or more DSS information files for each of the configurable network devices within the network  100 .  
         [0039]     Any number of different configurable devices may be adapted to perform the automated-configuration procedure of the present invention, including bridges, mulit-layer switches, routers, servers, work stations, Voice-over-Internet Protocol (IP) devices, traffic classifiers, accounting devices, editing devices, and address look-up devices, for example. In the preferred embodiment, at least one of the configurable devices  102  is a multi-layer switching device adapted to perform layer 2 through layer 7 packet switching operations as defined in the Open Systems Interconnect (OSI) reference model. A modern switching device  102  may require a DIB adapted to retain approximately ten megabytes or more of configuration data to allow the device to be fully operational or operate optimally.  
         [0040]     Associated with each of the one or more configurable devices is one or more DSSI stores. The primary purpose of the one or more DSSI stores is to retain and provide access to substantially all DSS data for one or more configurable network devices. In the preferred embodiment, the DSSI store is a primary DSSI server (DIS)  106  that retains the DIB containing substantially all the DSS information used by the switching device  102  for initialization, installation, or continuous operation of the device. Prior to downloading the DSSI from the DSSI store  106 , the DIS is associated with the switching device  102  by assigning an DSSI identifier, preferably a network address, that points to the DIS  106 . A secondary DSSI server  108  comprising a substantially identical copy of the primary DSSI server  106  information base may also be used to provide an alternative source of information if the primary DSSI server  106  fails or is otherwise inaccessible. With the network address of one or more DIS  106 ,  108  assigned, the switching device  102  is able to retrieve DSS information at initialization and during continuous operations, as described in more detail below.  
         [0041]     In addition to the types of DSS information identified above, a DSSI server  106 ,  108  in the preferred embodiment may further include one or more shared resource server identifiers that point to one or more shared resource servers (SRSs) used to store the policy information and authentication information. The policy information may define traffic classification and quality-of-service (QoS), for example, and the authentication information used to control access to one or more CNDs. The authorization information may include the account names, passwords, and privileges necessary to restrict access to the one or more configurable devices  102 , for example.  
         [0042]     The DSSI server  106  in the preferred embodiment is a directory server enabled with the Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP). LDAP servers are particularly well suited to the preferred embodiment due to “read-many-write-few” character of the DSS data. One skilled in the art will recognize that there are a number of suitable alternative server-types that may be adapted to retain DSS information depending on the character of data and the frequency with which it is read or updated.  
         [0043]     The network  100  further comprises a network management system (NMS)  104  from which a network administrator can in the preferred embodiment remotely login and maintain the one or more configurable devices  102 , the one or more DSSI servers  106 ,  108 , and the one or more shared resource servers  110 ,  112 . The NMS  104 , the one or more configurable devices, the one or more DSSI servers, and the one or more shared resource servers are preferably enabled with a management protocol such as SNMP.  
         [0044]     Illustrated in  FIG. 2  is a functional block diagram of a configurable network device adapted to perform the automated CND setup procedure. The CND  102  of the preferred embodiment comprises a configuration manager  200 , a communications manager  210 , and a network interface  220 . The configuration manager  200  comprises an update manager  202 , retrieval agent  204 , verification manager  206 , and trap generator  208 . The update manager  202  monitors one or more polling intervals discussed in more detail below to determine when to request updated DSS information from the primary DSSI server and the scope of that request. When appropriate, the update manager  202  signals the retrieval agent  204  to generate a DSSI request message. The DSSI request preferably requests substantially all the DSS information upon initialization of the CND, although only updated DSS information may be required once the operational state is achieved. The DSSI request generated by the retrieval agent  204  is transmitted to a communications manager  210 , namely a security module  212 , where the request is encoded and encapsulated with the server identifier prior to being transmitted via the network interface  220 .  
         [0045]     In response to the update request, the CND  102  may receive DSS information from the associated DSSI server  106 , policy information from the policy server  110 , or authentication information from the authentication server  112 . Each of the modules in the configuration manager consults the communication manager  210  to verify that the proper access rights are being used. For example, communications manager  210 , which is operably connected to the network interface  220 , confirms whether a user has the privileges necessary to read or write data at the communications manager  210  and confirms the integrity of the response at the verification manager  210 . If the DSS data is corrupted, the verification manager  210  causes the retrieval agent  204  to retransmit the DSSI request. If intact, the verification manager  206  causes the DSS information to be retained in the internal local memory  230 , which may further include the computer-readable instructions used to execute the automated CND setup procedure of the preferred embodiment of the present invention. In the preferred embodiment, the trap generator  208  issues a trap when there is a change to the configuration or when an attempt to update the configuration fails.  
         [0046]     Illustrated in  FIG. 3  is a flow chart of the method for performing the automated CND setup. As part of the initial setup, one or more DSSD data associated with one or more configurable devices  102 A- 102 C is stored to a primary DSSI server (step  302 ). The DSS information is directly or remotely uploaded to the primary DSSI server  106  by means of the NMS  104 . The identity of the primary DSSI server  106  is also registered with or assigned at the one or more clients thereof. The primary DSSI server identification (DSID) (step  304 ) is preferably the IP address of the primary DSID  106 , although other means by which a client may locate the associated sever may also be available. The primary DSID is generally provided by the network administrator when the switching device  102  is initialized. In some embodiments, additional DSS information is provided in the input step  304 , including, for example, the IP address or hostname of the CND  102 , a backup DSSI server identifier, DSSI update parameters including the frequency with which the network device is to poll the DSSI server  106 , and polling parameters including the maximum number of polling retries to be attempted by a CND prior to timing-out. Note that DSS information storing step  302  and primary DSID registration step  304  may occur in either order, or occur substantially contemporaneously.  
         [0047]     Subsequent to, and preferably in response to, registration of the DSID (step  304 ), a configurable device polls the associated primary DSSI server  106  for purposes of downloading the appropriate DSS information. The DSS information retrieved from the primary DSSI server  106  in the transmitting step  306  preferably includes, but is not limited to, VLAN configuration information and other forms of system information. A CND preferably transfers substantially all configuration information pertaining to the particular CND at initialization and when the CND undergoes a boot-up procedure. For continuous operation in the preferred embodiment, however, only the DSS information that has changed since the previous download is transferred to the CND.  
         [0048]     In those embodiments employing one or more shared resource servers in addition to the DSSI server  106 , the DSS information retained at the primary DSSI server  106  preferably includes a shared resource server (SRS) identifier, preferably an IP address for locating the one or more SRSs. If one or more shared resource server (SRS) identifiers is present in the DSS information retained on the primary DSSI server, the SRS testing  308  is answered in the affirmative and shared resource information retained in the SRSs is pulled down by the CND. The configurable network device may then retain a local copy of the DSS and SRS information in cache for purposes of initialization, boot-up, start-up, or continued operations.  
         [0049]     In the absence one or more SRS identifiers, the SRS testing  308  is answered in the negative and the automated CND setup method  300  proceeds to the monitoring step  312  in which the CND waits for one or more update triggers. Upon detection of an update trigger, some or all the DSS information is again transmitted from the primary DSSI server  106  to one or more CNDs.  
         [0050]     Illustrated in  FIG. 4  is a flow chart of the method for performing the automated CND setup procedure for a switching device. Upon initialization or boot-up  401 , the switching device  102 A in step  402  interrogates the internal memory  230  for a DSS information server identifier, preferably the IP address of the primary DSSI server  106 . Since the primary DSID is generally assigned by the administrator upon initialization of the switching device  102 A, the first test for a valid DSID retrieves a null value and the DSID testing  404  is answered in the negative. In response, the switching device  102 A preferably prompts the network administrator for a valid DSID (step  406 ) or, in some embodiments, issues a trap. When a valid DSID is assigned (step  410 ), the switching device  102 A proceeds to record (step  408 ) the DSID to internal memory  230  for subsequent DSSI retrievals. In some embodiments, the automated CND setup procedure further includes one or more security steps that elicit account and password information, for example, necessary to access, view, or modify one or more configuration parameters on the switching device  102 A.  
         [0051]     If the switching device  102 A had been initialized previously, the test for a valid DSID (step  404 ) is answered in the affirmative and the DSID retrieved from internal memory  230  (step  414 ) used to generated one or more update messages that cause DSS information previously at the primary DSSI server  106  to be transferred to the switching device  102 A (step  412 ). In the preferred embodiment, the transfer is enabled by one or more LDAP message exchanges between the switching device  102 A and the DSSI server  106 . The DSSI server  106  may be adapted to report substantially all the DSS information pertaining to the switching device  102 A, or only that which has changed or been modified since the last previous update.  
         [0052]     If the DSS information retrieved from DSSI server  106  includes the identifier of one or more SRSs, such as policy server  110  or authorization information server  112 , shared resource information pertinent to the switching device  102 A is also downloaded to and cached in the switching device  102  (step  416 ). As with the primary DSSI server, the SRSs may be adapted to report substantially all the shared resource information required by the switching device  102 , or only that information that has been modified or otherwise changed since the last query by the switching device  102 A.  
         [0053]     The one or more DSSI servers preferably employs an LDAP information model to retain the DSS information. The LDAP information model is based upon entries that represent a collection of information about an object. Each entry comprises a set of attributes, each attribute comprising an attribute type and one or more associated values. The type represents the kind of information while the value is the actual data. The set of possible values for a given attribute type is defined by an associated syntax. In the preferred embodiment, the plurality of DSS entries are adapted to store the setup information of a of a plurality of CNDs within the network  100  using a common DSS template or trie.  
         [0054]     Upon receipt of the DSS data and shared resource data, the switching device  102  is adapted to automatically process the data according to the hardware, software, and firmware specifications of the switching device  102  with minimal intervention by the administrator or network management system  104 . That is to say, it is more efficient to use a switching device to configure itself than to use a network management tool to provide the proper commands for what may be a large number of CNDs in the network. As such, the time and level of familiarity with the switching device  102  necessary for an administrator to configure the switching device is significantly reduced over that of existing systems.  
         [0055]     After the switching device  102  has automatically processed the DSS information and shared resource information, as prescribed in the preferred embodiment, the switching device  102  transitions into an operational mode. In the operational mode, the switching device  102  is, preferably, fully configured and functioning as a multi-layer switch with layer 2 through layer 7 packet processing capabilities. Updated or modified DSS information is also transmitted to the switching device  102  at periodic intervals or upon occurrence of a pre-determined event in the manner described below. Note however that while some switches are adapted to exchange topology information and routing tables, for example, this information may constitute DSS information if it is retained at and retrieved from a DSSI server along with substantially all other DSS information required by the switching device.  
         [0056]     In the preferred embodiment, the switching device  102  periodically polls the primary DSSI server  106  to request DSS information that has changed or been modified since the last transmission. The polling interval is preferably one example of DSSI retained at the DSSI server  106  and included in a previous download (step  412 ), although it may also be provided by the network administrator at the time of setup. Upon the expiration of a pre-defined “polling interval” or other expiration condition, preferably every 5 minutes to 60 minutes, the polling interval testing step  420  is answered in the affirmative and the switching device retrieves the DSSI (step  422 ) from the associate primary DSSI server in step  422 . The information retrieved may be limited to that information that has changed, or include substantially all the information associate with the switching devices stored therein. If the DSS information includes an identifier associated with one or more SRSs, the switching device  102  may also retrieve the shared resource information (step  426 ). Note also that different elements of the DSSI may be polled at different rates depending on the frequency at which the data changes. Policy information, for example, is more likely to change than say authentication information.  
         [0057]     In some embodiments, the automated CND setup procedure is adapted to retrieve DSS information and or shared resource information upon receipt of an update notification message indicating when the information has been changed at the server. Some contemporary directory servers are able to generate such a notification automatically in response to a change in the data retained therein. Upon receipt of such an update notification message, the update notice test  424  is answered in the affirmative and the automatic DSSI setup procedure retrieves the appropriate DSSI  422  and shared resource information  426  from one or more servers in the manner described above.  
         [0058]     In the operational mode, the packet switching and routing (step  418 ) and DSS information retrieval (steps  420 ,  422 ,  424 ,  426 ) occur substantially concurrently, as indicated by return path  428 , until switching device  102  is powered down or otherwise disabled.  
         [0059]     Illustrated in  FIG. 5  is a flow diagram of the message exchange for performing the automated DSSI setup procedure. Prior to initializing the CND, the network administrator preferably pre-loads DSS information for one or more configurable devices  102  on the primary DSSI server  106 . The primary DSSI server  106  receives one or more DSSI write messages  502  sent from the network administrator  104  and used to upload and store DSS information associated with the switching device  102 . A substantially identical copy of the DSS information may be uploaded to a secondary DSSI server  108 .  
         [0060]     If one or more shared resource server are employed, the shared resource information used by the switching device  102  is also uploaded to each of the one or more SRSs using one or more shared resource information write messages. Policy information, for example, is uploaded to the policy server  110  by means of one or more policy information write messages  504 , and authorization information uploaded to the authorization server  112  with one or more authorization information write messages  506 . In the preferred embodiment, the IP address of the policy server  110  and the IP address of the authorization server  112  constitute a form of DSS information, and are retained on the primary DSSI server  106 . In the preferred embodiment, DSSI write messages are generated at the network management system  104 .  
         [0061]     With the one or more DSSI servers  106 ,  108  and shared resource servers  110 ,  112  pre-loaded DSSI, the network administrator may assign or otherwise register the network address of the primary DSSI server  106  to the associate switching device  102 . Input of the DSID (step  508 ) may further include the input of one or more additional pieces of information, including, but not limited to, the IP address or hostname of the switching device  102 A, a port number, one or more polling intervals indicating the frequency with which the switching device  102 A is to poll its primary server  106 , the address of a backup or secondary DSSI server  108 , the number of time a DSSI server should be polled, and timeout information.  
         [0062]     The switching device  102  is adapted to retrieve the DSS information from the primary DSSI server  106  in response to the assignment using one or more primary DSSI request messages  510 . In the response returned by the DSSI server  106 , primary DSSI response message  512 , DSSI server  106  preferably returns substantially all DSS information for the switching device  102 .  
         [0063]     If the primary DSSI response message  512  includes the IP addresses of one or more shared resource servers, policy server or authorization server for example, one or more shared resource information (SRI) request messages are also generated. The SRI is generally transmitted back to the requesting switching device  102  in the form of one or more SRI response messages. The first SRI request message, policy request message  514 , retrieves policy information from policy server  110  in the form of one or more SRI response messages  516 . A second SRI request message, authorization information request message  518 , retrieves security or authorization information from authorization server  112  in the form of one or more authentication information response message  520 . In the preferred embodiment, the authorization information is downloaded as needed when a network administrator attempts to login to or otherwise access the switching device  102 .  
         [0064]     Illustrated in  FIG. 6A  is a flow diagram of the message exchange for updating DSS information at the primary DSSI server. The primary DSSI server  106  of the preferred embodiment is adapted to receive a DSSI write message  602  generated by a network administrator at NMS  104  that uploads or otherwise modifies the record of the DSSI retainer therein. The write message  602  may be followed by an update notification message  604  from the network administrator, or a notification message from the server  106 , prompting CND  102 , i.e. switching device, to download the modified DSS data. The switching device  102  subsequently generates a DSSI request message  606  in the preferred embodiment to elicit the one or more DSSI response messages  608  comprising the modified DSS data.  
         [0065]     Illustrated in  FIG. 6B  is a flow diagram of the message exchange for updating shared resource information at a shared resource server. The SRS  110  is adapted to receive a write message  610 , generally generated by a network administrator, to modify the policy information retained therein. The write message  610  may be followed by a notification message  612  from the NMS  104 , or a notification message from the server  110 , prompting the switching device  102  to download the modified shared resource data. A policy request message  616  is used in the preferred embodiment to elicit the one or more response messages  618  that include the modified policy data.  
         [0066]     One skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention offers many advantages. For example, a network administrator is able to upload and modify DSS information for a CND without knowing the specific command structure and interface used by the device. The time required to write instructions to make or modify DSS information for the numerous switching devices available is substantially reduced. The network administrator need only know the command structure for making modifying information in the directory server, which is substantially the same in the preferred embodiment for each of the switching devices under management. In addition, a network administrator can change DSS data associated with a plurality of CNSs without issuing individual SNMP messages to each of the devices. Changes to the DSS information for the plurality of CNDs made at the DSS server are automatically made when each of the CNDs downloads its next DSSI update. As such, the present invention in its several embodiments offers, among other advantages, a substantial savings in both time and resources.  
         [0067]     Illustrated in  FIG. 7  is a flow diagram of the message exchange for assigning a new primary DSSI server. It may be necessary in some circumstances to change the primary DSSI server. This is quickly and efficiently achieved in the preferred embodiment by issuing a DSSI write message  702  including the network identifier of the new primary DSSI server  750 . The identifier is itself an element of DSS information. As described above, the write message  702  may be followed by an update notification message  704  from the NMS  104 , or an automated notification message from the DSSI server  750  or previously primary DSSI server  106 , prompting the switching device  102  to download the modified new DSS data. The IP address of the new primary DSSI server  750  is preferably retained in the internal memory  230  of the switching device  102 , and is used to retrieve subsequent updates. In the preferred embodiment, the next succeeding DSSI request message  712  is then automatically directed to and DSSI response  714  received from the new primary DSSI server  750  without the need for a special SNMP command issued to the configurable network device  102 .  
         [0068]     Illustrated in  FIG. 8  is a flow diagram of the message exchange for assigning a new shared resource server. It may be necessary in some circumstances to change or otherwise modify the shared resource server. This is achieved in the preferred embodiment by issuing a DSSI write message  802  including the new SRS server  850  identifier, e.g. network address, to the primary DSSI server  106 . The SRS identifier used by the switching device  102 , which is itself an element of DSS information, is readily changed from the original SRS  106  IP address to the IP address of an new SRS  850 . As before, the write message  802  may be followed by an update notification message  804  from the NMS  104 , or an automated notification message from the SRS  110  that prompts the switching device  102  to download the modified shared resource data. Upon receipt, the new SRS  850  address is preferably retained in the internal memory  230  of the switching device  102  for purposes of generating the next shared resource information request message  812  soliciting one or more shared resource information response messages  814 . In the preferred embodiment, the first shared resource information response  814  preferably pulls down a complete copy of the policy information retained by the new policy server  850 . needed by the switching device  102 . Subsequent shared resource information request messages will be automatically be directed to the new SRS  850 .  
         [0069]     One skilled in the art will recognize that one or more steps practices by the automated setup method of the several embodiments may be implemented in software running in connection with a programmable microprocessor; implemented in hardware utilizing either a combination of microprocessors or other specially designed application-specific integrated circuits and programmable logic devices; or various combinations thereof. Thus, embodiments of the invention are not limited to any specific combination of hardware circuitry and software.  
         [0070]     In some embodiments, the automated setup method is performed by one or more multi-layer switching devices, as defined by the Open Systems Interconnect (OSI) reference model, executing sequences of instructions retained in memory at the device or in another computer-readable medium. The term computer-readable medium as used herein refers to any medium that participates in providing instructions to one or more processors for execution. Such a medium may take many forms, including but not limited to, non-volatile media and volatile media. Non-volatile media includes, but are not limited to, hard disks, optical or magnetic disks, floppy disks, magnetic tape, or any other magnetic medium, CD-ROMs and other optical media, for example. The one or more processors and computer-readable medium may be embodies in one or more devices located in proximity to or remotely from the network administrator viewing the topology display.  
         [0071]     Although the above description contains many specifics, these should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, but rather as merely providing illustrations of some of the presently preferred embodiments of this invention.  
         [0072]     Therefore, the invention has been disclosed by way of example and not limitation, and reference should be made to the following claims to determine the scope of the present invention.

Technology Category: h