Patent Document

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0001]    1. Field of the Invention  
           [0002]    The present invention relates to a novel automatic water feed method in lavatory using an artificial retina sensor and a novel automatic water feed mechanism in lavatory using the artificial retina sensor, being configured to feed water automatically in a lavatory such as flush urinal and hand washer by means of an artificial retina sensor.  
           [0003]    2. Description of the Prior Art  
           [0004]    [0004]FIG. 29 shows a conventional hand washer  602  for feeding water automatically by using a light reflection system. In FIG. 29, a sensor unit  603  comprises light emitting means (not shown) for emitting light L 1  such as infrared ray or near infrared ray toward the user U, and light receiving means (not shown) for receiving reflected light L 2  coming from the user U. When the reflected light L 2  is received, water is supplied from a discharge pipe  602   a  installed on a mounting plane  601  of a basin  600  of the hand washer  602 .  
           [0005]    However, since the light emitting means is set so that the light L 1  may be directed toward a bowl  604 , if the bowl  604  is made of stainless steel or other metal of high reflectivity and the bottom is shallow, similar light other than the reflected light L 2  may enter the light receiving means, which may cause a wrong detection.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0006]    The invention is devised in the light of the above problem, and it is hence an object thereof to detect the user of the lavatory securely.  
           [0007]    To achieve the object, the automatic water feed method in lavatory using artificial retina sensor of the invention (a first aspect of the invention) is configured to control the water feed operation of a lavatory such as flush urinal and hand washer by visually recognizing the user of the lavatory by means of an artificial retina sensor.  
           [0008]    That is, in the first aspect of the invention, the user of the lavatory can be detected securely by the artificial retina sensor.  
           [0009]    A second aspect of the invention presents an automatic water feed method in lavatory using artificial retina sensor, being configured to control the water feed operation of a lavatory such as flush urinal and hand washer by visually recognizing the user of the lavatory by means of an artificial retina sensor, and further to limit the viewing field region of the artificial retina sensor only in the region of water discharge from the lavatory.  
           [0010]    That is, in the second aspect of the invention, by setting the viewing field region of the artificial retina sensor so that the input image captured by the artificial retina sensor may not include the region out of reach of water discharged from the lavatory, useless information can be omitted, and therefore the recognition object image (acquired image) obtained by the artificial retina sensor is sharper, the motion of the hands positioned on the water discharge line from the lavatory can be judged accurately, so that malfunction can be prevented securely.  
           [0011]    A third aspect of the invention presents an automatic water feed mechanism in lavatory using the artificial retina sensor comprising a lavatory such as flush urinal or hand washer, an artificial retina sensor for visually recognizing the user of the lavatory, and a control unit for controlling water feed operation of the lavatory on the basis of the output from the artificial retina sensor.  
           [0012]    A fourth aspect of the invention presents an automatic water feed mechanism in lavatory using the artificial retina sensor comprising a lavatory such as flush urinal or hand washer, an artificial retina sensor for visually recognizing the user of the lavatory, and a control unit for controlling water feed operation of the lavatory on the basis of the output from the artificial retina sensor, in which the viewing field region of the artificial retina sensor is limited to include only the region of water discharge from the lavatory.  
           [0013]    In the fourth aspect of the invention, too, by omitting useless information, the recognition object image (acquired image) is sharper, and the motion of the hands positioned on the water discharge line can be judged accurately. As a result, malfunction can be prevented.  
           [0014]    A fifth aspect of the invention presents an automatic water feed method in lavatory using the artificial retina sensor comprising a lavatory such as flush urinal or hand washer, an artificial retina sensor for visually recognizing the user of the lavatory, and a control unit for controlling water feed operation of the lavatory on the basis of the output from the artificial retina sensor, in which a plurality of artificial retina sensors are provided in order to recognize the user visually together with a perspective sense.  
           [0015]    A sixth aspect of the invention presents an automatic water feed mechanism in lavatory using the artificial retina sensor comprising a lavatory such as flush urinal or hand washer, an artificial retina sensor for visually recognizing the user of the lavatory, and a control unit for controlling water feed operation of the lavatory on the basis of the output from the artificial retina sensor, in which a plurality of artificial retina sensors are provided in order to recognize the user visually together with a perspective sense. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0016]    [0016]FIG. 1 is a general structural explanatory diagram showing embodiment 1 of the invention.  
         [0017]    [0017]FIG. 2 is a structural explanatory diagram of artificial retina sensor in the embodiment.  
         [0018]    [0018]FIG. 3 is a structural explanatory diagram showing a range of viewing field region of artificial retina sensor in the height direction in the embodiment.  
         [0019]    [0019]FIG. 4 is a structural explanatory diagram showing the width of viewing field region of artificial retina sensor in the lateral direction in the embodiment.  
         [0020]    [0020]FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing automatic water feed process in the embodiment.  
         [0021]    [0021]FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an input image of surface of a bowl in the embodiment.  
         [0022]    [0022]FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an input image when the user of the lavatory is washing hands in the embodiment.  
         [0023]    [0023]FIG. 8 is also a diagram showing an input image when the user of the lavatory is washing hands in the embodiment.  
         [0024]    [0024]FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an input image of the bowl surface depicting a foreign matter other than the hands of the user in the embodiment.  
         [0025]    [0025]FIG. 10 is a structural explanatory diagram showing a processing step of input image in the embodiment.  
         [0026]    [0026]FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an acquired image in the embodiment.  
         [0027]    [0027]FIG. 12 is also a diagram showing an acquired image in the embodiment.  
         [0028]    [0028]FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a change image extracting the number of dot changes in two continuous acquired images when transferring from non-use state to use state.  
         [0029]    [0029]FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a change image extracting the number of dot changes in two continuous acquired images during use.  
         [0030]    [0030]FIG. 15 is a structural explanatory diagram of artificial retina sensor in embodiment 2 of the invention.  
         [0031]    [0031]FIG. 16 is a structural explanatory diagram showing a range of viewing field region of artificial retina sensor in the height direction in embodiment 2.  
         [0032]    [0032]FIG. 17 is a structural explanatory diagram showing the width of viewing field region of artificial retina sensor in the lateral direction in embodiment 2.  
         [0033]    [0033]FIG. 18 is a structural explanatory diagram showing a processing step of input image in embodiment 2.  
         [0034]    [0034]FIG. 19 is a general structural explanatory diagram showing embodiment 3 of the invention.  
         [0035]    [0035]FIG. 20 is a diagram explaining an example of automatic water feed operation in embodiment 3.  
         [0036]    [0036]FIG. 21 is a structural explanatory diagram of artificial retina sensor in embodiment 3 of the invention.  
         [0037]    [0037]FIG. 22 is a structural explanatory diagram showing the viewing field region of artificial retina sensor in embodiment 3.  
         [0038]    [0038]FIG. 23 is a structural explanatory diagram showing an example of processing step of input image in embodiment 3.  
         [0039]    [0039]FIG. 24 is an operation explanatory diagram showing an example of automatic water feed operation in embodiment 3.  
         [0040]    [0040]FIG. 25 is a flowchart showing an example of automatic water feed process in embodiment 3 of the invention.  
         [0041]    [0041]FIG. 26 is a structural explanatory diagram showing the viewing field region of artificial retina sensor in embodiment 4 of the invention.  
         [0042]    [0042]FIG. 27 is an operation explanatory diagram showing an example of automatic water feed operation in embodiment 4.  
         [0043]    [0043]FIG. 28 is a flowchart showing an example of automatic water feed process in embodiment 4 of the invention.  
         [0044]    [0044]FIG. 29 is a diagram showing a water feed operation in a prior art. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0045]    Preferred embodiments of the invention are described below while referring to the accompanying drawings. It must be noted, however, that the invention is not limited by the illustrated embodiments alone.  
         [0046]    [0046]FIG. 1 to FIG. 14 show embodiment 1 of the invention.  
         [0047]    In FIG. 1 and FIG. 3, an automatic water feed mechanism mainly consists of a hand washer  1 , an artificial retina sensor  2 , and a control unit  3  for controlling the water feed operation of the hand washer  1  on the basis of the output of the artificial retina sensor  2 .  
         [0048]    Further, the hand washer  1  is composed of a basin  1   a  composed of a bowl  4  and a horizontal mounting plane  5 , and a faucet main body having a discharge pipe  6  installed on the horizontal mounting plane  5 . The bowl  4  is white in color. The discharge pipe  6  is inclined by a specified angle θ (θ being an acute angle) from a vertical plane N perpendicular to the horizontal plane of the horizontal mounting plane  5  to the bowl  4  side so as to be directed to the bowl  4 . Reference numeral  6   b  is a discharge port.  
         [0049]    On the other hand, the artificial retina sensor  2  has a camera function, and is disposed on the front side  6   a  of the discharge pipe  6  so that the input image captured by the artificial retina sensor  2  through a sensing window  9  (described later) may be within a conical viewing field region (light receiving region) (m) as shown in FIG. 2, FIG. 3, and FIG. 4. FIG. 2, FIG. 3, and FIG. 4 show the viewing field region (m) of the artificial retina sensor  2 , and more specifically FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 show the range along the height direction (T direction) from the bottom (g) of the bowl  4  of the basin  1   a,  while FIG. 4 shows the width in the lateral direction (W direction) of the basin  1   a.  The range along the T direction of the viewing field region (m) is from the bottom (g) of the bowl  4  to the position of height (h). Further, in FIG. 4, M 1  is water discharge region, and when the user projects hands into this region M 1  and brings closer to the discharge port  6   b,  water is discharged from the discharge port  6   b.  Meanwhile, M 2  and M 3  are non-discharge regions. In this embodiment, the artificial retina sensor  2  has 1024 (32×32) pixels (dots).  
         [0050]    The artificial retina sensor  2  is mainly composed of, as shown in FIG. 2, a wide-angle lens  7  of a circular front view forming a nearly conical viewing field region (m), a photo detector element array  8  positioned immediately beneath the wide-angle lens  7 , and a sensing window  9  of a circular front view positioned immediately above the wide-angle lens  7 . The photo detector element array  8  has a square front view, and is formed on a circuit board  11  mounted on a base  10 , thereby forming an LSI. In this embodiment, for example, 1024 photo detector elements corresponding to a 32×32 image plate are disposed on the circuit board  11 . That is, in the embodiment, the 32×32 image plate is composed of the photo detector element array  8 , circuit board  11 , and base  10 . Reference numeral  12  is a cover for surrounding the sensing window  9 , and  13  is a ring-shaped waterproof packing.  
         [0051]    That is, in order to extend the viewing field region of the artificial retina sensor  2  as much as possible, in this embodiment, the wide-angle lens  7  is provided above the photo detector element array  8 . By this wide-angle lens  7 , the viewing field region (m) is set so as to include not only the water discharge region M 1  but also non-discharge regions M 2 , M 3 .  
         [0052]    [0052]FIG. 6 to FIG. 9 show input images captured by the artificial retina sensor  2 .  
         [0053]    [0053]FIG. 6 is an input image of the surface  4   a  of the bowl  4  made of, for example, white porcelain, and a drain hole  4   c  of the bowl  4  is depicted. FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 are input images of the user U of the hand washer  1  as object of detection in the process of washing hands. FIG. 9 is an input image of the surface  4   a  of the bowl  4  showing foreign matter Z other than the hands of the user U.  
         [0054]    The control unit  3  is composed of, as shown in FIG. 1, a microcomputer  15 , a memory  16  including two memory units  16   a,    16   b,  a solenoid valve  17  responsible for water discharge and stopping action of the discharge pipe  6 , a solenoid valve drive circuit  18  for driving and controlling the solenoid valve  17 , a drive power source  21  of the control unit  3 , an alarm display circuit  19  for displaying drop of supply voltage of the drive power source  21 , and a low voltage circuit and voltage monitoring circuit  20 .  
         [0055]    The processing steps of input image captured by the artificial retina sensor  2  are shown. As the input image, an example of input image A in FIG. 7 is explained.  
         [0056]    In FIG. 10, (1) an input image A is issued from the artificial retina sensor  2  as an output image A′, and is input to the microcomputer  15 .  
         [0057]    (2) In the microcomputer  15 , the output image A′ is optimized, and a recognition object image is acquired. As optimizing process, for example, when binary processing (black and white processing) is done, a recognition object image A″ as shown in FIG. 10 is obtained (see also FIG. 12). As described below, the black display shows the presence of an object, and the white display indicates the absence of an object.  
         [0058]    (3) This recognition object image (hereinafter called acquired image) A″ is stored into the memory  16  from the microcomputer  15 .  
         [0059]    Similarly, by the microcomputer  15 , the input image B in FIG. 6 is processed as acquired image B″ (see FIG. 11). The input image C in FIG. 8 is processed as acquired image C″. The input image D in FIG. 9 is processed as acquired image D″.  
         [0060]    Consequently, these acquired images A″, B″, C″, D″, and so forth are processed by the recognition algorithm in the memory  16 . Meanwhile, the input images A, B, C, D, etc. are those obtained in the 32×32 image plates.  
         [0061]    Relating to the acquired image B″, acquired image A″, and acquired image C″ the processing procedure by the recognition algorithm is explained.  
         [0062]    As mentioned above, FIG. 11 and FIG. 10 (FIG. 12) show acquired images B″ and A″ of the input image B and input image A, respectively.  
         [0063]    In FIG. 5, the user U goes to the hand washer  1  to wash hands (see step  100 ). First, at step  101 , the acquired image B″ while the user U is not washing hands is stored in the memory unit  16   a.    
         [0064]    Next, when the user U extends hands to the bowl  4  for washing, the acquired image A″ is taken, and the acquired image A″ is stored in the memory unit  16   b  (see step  102 ).  
         [0065]    At step  103 , referring to the memory units  16   a,    16   b,  the number of changes (a) of dots for composing the image is extracted. That is, in the memory  16 , the acquired image B″ stored first in time and the acquired image A″ stored later in time are compared, and only the position changed in the number of dots (difference) is extracted, so that a change image S 1  showing a dot change as shown in FIG. 13 is obtained.  
         [0066]    For example, in FIG. 11, dot d 1  in black display shown in the first acquired image B″ is also shown in the later acquired image A″ (see FIG. 12), and hence in the change image S 1 , position p of location of dot d 1  (see FIG. 13) is displayed in white, which tells no change is made.  
         [0067]    By contrast, dot d 2  in black display shown in the acquired image A″ (see FIG. 12) is not found at the corresponding position in the acquired image B″ (see FIG. 11), and therefore in the change image S 1 , dot d 2  remains in black display.  
         [0068]    This invention is designed to judge if the number of dot changes (a) recognized in the change image S 1  is within a specified range or not (see step  104 ). For example, the upper limit of number of dot changes (a) is  960 , and the lower limit is  128 .  
         [0069]    That is, at step  104 , when the number of dot changes (a) is judged to be within this range, a valve opening signal for opening the solenoid valve  17  is sent from the microcomputer  15  to the solenoid valve drive circuit  18 , so that water is discharged from the discharge pipe  6  (see step  105 ).  
         [0070]    (1) In this case, the acquired image B″ stored earlier than the acquired image A″ is deleted, and the acquired image A″ is moved from the memory unit  16   b  into the vacated memory unit  16   a  (see step  106 ).  
         [0071]    In succession, the acquired image C″ acquired later in time than the acquired image A″ is stored into the vacated memory unit  16   b  (see step  107 ).  
         [0072]    Further, same as at step  103 , referring to the memory units  16   a,    16   b,  the number of dot changes (a) for composing the image is extracted (see step  108 ). That is, in the memory  16 , the acquired image A″ stored first in time and the acquired image C″ stored later in time are compared, and only the position changed in the number of dots is extracted, so that a change image S 2  showing a dot change as shown in FIG. 14 is obtained.  
         [0073]    That is, in FIG. 14, comparing two acquired images A″ and C″ as the object of detection during use of the hand washer, the change image S 2  extracting only dot changes in the acquired images A″, C″ is shown.  
         [0074]    In this embodiment, when the number of dot changes (a) in the extracted change image S 2  is 64 or more, it is judged that the hand washer is being used (see step  109 ), and the acquired images C″ and subsequent images are acquired continuously. When the number of dot changes (a) is less than 64, a valve close signal for closing the solenoid valve  17  is sent from the microcomputer  15  to the solenoid valve drive circuit  18  (see step  110 ). Then the process returns to step  105 .  
         [0075]    (2) At step  104 , if the number of dot changes (a) is judged to be out of the specified range, the acquired image B″ stored earlier than the acquired image A″ is deleted, and the acquired image A″ is moved from the memory unit  16   b  into the vacated memory unit  16   a  (see step  111 ). Then the process returns to step  102 .  
         [0076]    Thus, changes in the number of dots are operated in two consecutive acquired images B″, A″, and A″, C″, and the motion of the object of sensing is detected by the difference, so that the sensing method not affected by the color of the basin  1  can be presented.  
         [0077]    At step  104 , it is judged if water can be discharged or not in non-use state (closed state of solenoid valve  17 ). That is, when the solenoid valve  17  is closed, if the number of dot changes (a) is a≧128, a valve open signal is sent to the solenoid valve  17 , but the upper limit of the number of dot changes (a) is set at 960 because sensing control is effected visually. That is, in the environments of use, the surrounding brightness has a large influence, and in the case of a room, for example, considering a case of extinguishing of lighting, an upper limit is required in recognition value by the number of dot changes (a). As a result, malfunction due to lighting or extinguishing can be avoided.  
         [0078]    The number of photo detector elements used in the invention is not limited to 1024.  
         [0079]    [0079]FIG. 15 to FIG. 18 show embodiment 2 of the invention in which the viewing field region (m′) is set so as to include only the water discharge region M 1  by using a condenser lens  30 . In FIG. 15 to FIG. 18, same reference numerals as in FIG. 1 to FIG. 14 refer to same objects.  
         [0080]    In FIG. 15 to FIG. 18, an artificial retina sensor  2 ′ has a condenser lens  30  disposed between a narrow-angle lens  7 ′ and a photo detector element array  8 .  
         [0081]    The condenser lens  30  has a function of narrowing the width in the W direction of the viewing field region (m) in embodiment 1 so as to include only the water discharge region M 1,  and further setting the height in the T direction in viewing field region (m′) higher than in the viewing field region (m) in embodiment 1. The range along the T direction of the viewing field region (m′) is from the bottom (g) of the bowl  4  to the position of height H (&gt;h). The width in the lateral direction (W direction) of the viewing field region (m′) includes only the water discharge region M 1 . As a result, the image I of the viewing field region (m′) seen from the sensing window  9  is as shown in FIG. 18. That is, by disposing the condenser lens  30  between the narrow-angle lens  7 ′ and photo detector element array  8 , the viewing field region (m′) can be heightened in the height direction (T direction), and the viewing field region (m′) is set vertically long so as to include only the water discharge region M 1 .  
         [0082]    On the other hand, the narrow-angle lens  7 ′ is set to narrow the viewing field region (m′) of the artificial retina sensor  2 ′ as much as possible. As a result of combination of the narrow-angle lens  7 ′ and condenser lens  30 , the input image A 1  captured by the artificial retina sensor  2 ′ through the sensing window  9  is as shown in FIG. 18.  
         [0083]    In FIG. 18, (1) the input image A 1  becomes an output image A 1 ′ from the artificial retina sensor  2 ′, and is input to the microcomputer  15 . (2) In the microcomputer  15 , the output image A 1 ′ is optimized, and a recognition object image A 1 ″ is obtained.  
         [0084]    In this embodiment, since the non-discharge regions M 2 , M 3  are not included in the viewing field region m′ of the artificial retina sensor  2 ′, useless information from the non-discharge regions M 2 , M 3  can be omitted. Accordingly, the recognition object image (acquired image) A 1 ″ obtained in the artificial retina sensor  2 ′ is sharper, and the motion of hands of the user U in the water discharge region M 1  can be judged more accurately, so that malfunction can be prevented securely.  
         [0085]    The invention is not limited to the hand washer, but may be applied to flush urinal and other lavatories.  
         [0086]    The first to fourth aspects of the invention using one artificial retina sensor have been explained so far.  
         [0087]    In fifth and sixth aspects of the invention, a plurality of artificial retina sensors are used as explained below.  
         [0088]    [0088]FIG. 19 to FIG. 25 refer to embodiment 3 of the invention configured so as to monitor the user U of a flush urinal  31  from a position immediately above the flush urinal  31 , by disposing a pair of artificial retina sensors  2   Right ,  2   Left  at right and left positions of a water feed piping  32  of the flush urinal  31  so that the central axes X 1 , X 2  of the viewing field regions (light receiving regions) m, m may be parallel to each other. In FIG. 19 to FIG. 25, same reference numerals as in FIG. 1 to FIG. 18 refer to same objects.  
         [0089]    In FIG. 19 and FIG. 21, the automatic water feed mechanism comprises the flush urinal  31 , two artificial retina sensors  2   Right ,  2   Left  having a camera function, and a control unit  3 ′ for controlling the water feed operation of the flush urinal  31  on the basis of outputs from the artificial retina sensors  2   Right ,  2   Left . The artificial retina sensor  2   Right  is positioned at the right side of the front of the flush urinal  31 , and the artificial retina sensor  2   Left  is positioned at the left side of the front of the flush urinal  31 . The two artificial retina sensors  2   Right ,  2   Left  are provided because the user U of the flush urinal  31  as the object of sensing can be recognized securely with a perspective sense as compared with the case of one artificial retina sensor.  
         [0090]    The flush urinal  31  is installed in a vertical state on a front side  34   a  of a wall  34 . Reference numeral  32  is a water feed piping, which projects upward from the top of the flush urinal  31 , and is bent to the wall side, and is connected to a piping  36  disposed at the rear side  34   b  of the wall  34 . That is, the downstream end of the water feed piping  32  is connected to the flush urinal side, and the upstream end is connected to the piping  36 .  
         [0091]    The structure of the artificial retina sensors  2   Right ,  2   Left  is as shown in FIG. 21, which is same as the structure of the artificial retina sensor  2  shown in FIG. 2.  
         [0092]    In FIG. 23, A is an image seen from the sensing window  9  of, for example, the artificial retina sensor  2   Right . That is, A is an input image captured by the artificial retina sensor  2   Right .  
         [0093]    The processing steps of the image seen from the sensing window  9  of the artificial retina sensor  2   Right  are explained below while referring to FIG. 19 and FIG. 23.  
         [0094]    In FIG. 19 and FIG. 23, (1) the input image A becomes an output image A′ from the artificial retina sensor  2   Right , and is input to the microcomputer  15 .  
         [0095]    (2) In the microcomputer  15 , the output image A′ is optimized, and a recognition object image is acquired. As optimizing process, for example, when binary processing (black and white processing) is done, a recognition object image A″ as shown in FIG. 23 is obtained. As described below, the black display shows the presence of an object (the user U), and the white display indicates the presence of the flush urinal  31 .  
         [0096]    (3) This recognition object image (hereinafter called acquired image) A″ is stored into the memory  16  from the microcomputer  15 .  
         [0097]    On the other hand, FIG. 24 is a diagram explaining the water feed operation of the flush urinal  31  when the user U approaches the flush urinal  31 .  
         [0098]    [0098]FIG. 24(A) shows an acquired image P R1 ″ corresponding to the input image P (not shown) captured by the artificial retina sensor  2   Right  and an acquired image Q L1 ″ corresponding to the input image Q (not shown) captured by the artificial retina sensor  2   Left , when the user U of the flush urinal  31  is at a remote position. Naturally, these acquired images P R1 ″ and Q L1 ″ correspond to the images seen at the same time from the sensing windows  9 ,  9 . In FIG. 24(A), for example, the flush urinal  31  and the user U of the flush urinal  31  are apart by a distance corresponding to length L 1 . As mentioned above, for example, the acquired image P R1 ″ is an acquired image obtained as a result of optimizing process (for example, binary processing) of the output image P′ as the input image P is input to the microcomputer  15  through the output image P′ (not shown) from the artificial retina sensor  2   Right . Since the user U is away, the input image P and input image Q are nearly same and there is few mutual change.  
         [0099]    [0099]FIG. 24(B) shows an acquired image P R2 ″ corresponding to the input image P″ (not shown) captured by the artificial retina sensor  2   Right  and an acquired image Q L2 ″ corresponding to the input image Q″ (not shown) captured by the artificial retina sensor  2   Left , when the user U approaches the flush urinal  31 .  
         [0100]    Naturally, these acquired images P R2 ″, P R1 ″ and acquired images Q L2″, Q   L1 ″ are mutually consecutive images. That is, FIG. 24(B) shows the acquired images P R2 ″, Q L2 ″, for example, when the distance between the flush urinal  31  and the user U of the flush urinal  31  is shortened to a distance corresponding to length L 2  (&lt;L 1 ). As mentioned above, for example, the acquired image P R2 ″ is an acquired image obtained as a result of optimizing process (for example, binary processing) of the output image P′″ as the input image P″ is input to the microcomputer  15  through the output image P′″ (not shown) from the artificial retina sensor  2   Right , but as compared with the case of FIG. 24(A), since the user U is closer to the flush urinal  31 , the acquired image P R2 ″ and acquired image Q L2 ″ are mutually different.  
         [0101]    [0101]FIG. 24(C) shows an acquired image PR 3 ″ and an acquired image QL 3 ″ when the user U approaches more closely to the flush urinal  31  as compared with the case in FIG. 24(B). Naturally, these acquired images P R3 ″, P R2 ″ and acquired images Q L3 ″, Q L2 ″ are mutually consecutive images. That is, FIG. 24(C) shows the acquired image P R3 ″ corresponding to the input image captured by the artificial retina sensor  2   Right  and acquired image Q L3 ′ corresponding to the input image captured by the artificial retina sensor  2   Left , when the distance between the flush urinal  31  and the user U of the flush urinal  31  is shortened further to a distance corresponding to, for example, length L 3  (&lt;L 2  &lt;L 1 ). As mentioned above, for example, the acquired image P R3 ″ is an acquired image obtained as a result of optimizing process (for example, binary processing) of the output image as the input image seen from the sensing window  9  is input to the microcomputer  15  through the output image from the artificial retina sensor  2   Right . However, as compared with the case of FIG. 24(B), since the user U is further closer to the flush urinal  31 , the image of the user U appears on the entire surface of the input image seen from the sensing window  9 , and, as mentioned below, since artificial retina sensors  2   Right ,  2   Left  are disposed at right and left symmetrical positions so that the central axes X 1 , X 2  of the viewing field regions (light receiving regions) m, m may be parallel to each other, in the acquired image P R3 ′ and the acquired image Q L3 ″, the image portions  200 ,  201  corresponding to the image of the user U are nearly covering the entire area, the image portions  200 ,  201  are mutually positioned asymmetrically.  
         [0102]    Further, the two artificial retina sensors  2   Right ,  2   Left  are disposed at right and left symmetrical positions on both sides of the water feed piping  32  (see FIG. 22).  
         [0103]    For example, a fixing plate (not shown) for fixing the artificial retina sensors  2   Right ,  2   Left  is installed at the front side  34   a  of the wall  34 , and the two artificial retina sensors  2   Right ,  2   Left  are fitted to the fixing plate with the sensing windows  9 ,  9  facing the direction vertical to the front side  34   a  of the wall  34 .  
         [0104]    In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 22, the artificial retina sensors  2   Right ,  2   Left  are disposed at right and left symmetrical positions on both sides of the water feed piping  32  so that the central axes X 1 , X 2  of the viewing field regions (light receiving regions) m, m may be parallel to each other.  
         [0105]    Then a box-shaped cover  35   c  having openings  9   a,    9   a  [see FIG. 20(C)] where the two sensing windows  9 ,  9  are positioned is fitted to the fixing plate, and the two artificial retina sensors  2   Right ,  2   Left  are covered.  
         [0106]    In this embodiment, the artificial retina sensors  2   Right, 2   Left  having 1024 (32×32) pixels (dots) are used, but other two artificial retina sensors having a different number of pixels (dots) may be also used in the present invention. The control unit  31  of the embodiment is same in configuration as the control unit  3  shown in FIG. 1.  
         [0107]    Referring now to examples of the acquired image P R1 ″ (hereinafter called LSI{circle over ( 1 )} image), acquired image QL 1 ″ (LSI{circle over ( 2 )} image), the acquired image P R2 ″ (LSI {circle over ( 3 )} image), acquired image Q L2 ″ (LSI{circle over ( 4 )} image), acquired image P R3 ″ (LSI{circle over ( 5 )} image), and acquired image Q L3 ′ (LSI{circle over ( 6 )} image), procedure of processing by recognition algorithm is explained.  
         [0108]    In FIG. 24(A) and FIG. 25, the user U goes to the flush urinal  31  (see step  120 ). First, as shown at step  121 , while the user U is away from the flush urinal  31  by a distance corresponding to length L 1 , of the two LSI images, for example, LSI{circle over ( 1 )} image is stored in the memory unit  16   a  and LSI{circle over ( 2 )} image is stored in the memory unit  16   b.    
         [0109]    In FIG. 24(A), the image portion  300  (black portion) corresponding to the image of the user U in the LSI{circle over ( 1 )} image is supposed to be composed of M dots. Similarly, the image portion  301  (black portion) corresponding to the image of the user U in the LSI{circle over ( 2 )} image is supposed to be composed of N dots. At step  122 , the memory units  16   a,    16   b  are referred to, the change in the number of dots is calculated, and the number of dot changes (a) (=absolute value |M−N|) is extracted.  
         [0110]    Herein, to calculate the number of dot changes,  
         [0111]    (1) Overlapping the LSI{circle over ( 1 )} image and LSI{circle over ( 2 )} image, if there is an overlapping portion of image portions  300 ,  301 , it means to calculate so as to delete the overlapping portion and maintain the non-overlapping portions of image portions  300 ,  301 . That is, it means to calculate the absolute value |M−N|, and  
         [0112]    (2) As shown, for example, in FIG. 27(A) below, if there is no overlapping portion of image portions  300   a,    301   a  by overlapping the LSI{circle over ( 1 )} image and LSI{circle over ( 2 )} image, it means to calculate to maintain the both portions  300   a,    301   a.  That is, it means to calculate the number of dot changes (a) (=number of dots G for composing image portion  300   a +number of dots H for composing image portion  301   a ).  
         [0113]    As a result of the calculation, the change image S 1  shown in FIG. 24(A) is obtained. As recognized in this change image S 1 , the number of dot changes (a) presumed to be displayed in black is hardly observed.  
         [0114]    This is because the user U is away from the flush urinal  31 , the central axes X 1 , X 2  of the viewing field regions (light receiving regions) m, m are parallel to each other, and the artificial retina sensors  2   Right ,  2   Left  are disposed at right and left symmetrical positions, and therefore the image portions  300 ,  301  are composed of a nearly same number of dots (M being nearly equal to N), and are present at the same position.  
         [0115]    The present invention is configured to judge if the number of dot changes (a) recognized in the change image S 1  is within a specified range or not (see step  123 ). For example, the upper limit of the number of dot changes (a) (=absolute value |M−N|) is 960, and the lower limit is set at 64.  
         [0116]    That is, at step  123 , when the absolute value |M−N| is judged to be in a range of 960≧number of dot changes (a)≧64, a valve open signal for opening the solenoid valve  17  is sent from the microcomputer  15  to the solenoid valve drive circuit  18 , and water is discharged from the water feed piping  32 , but since the number of dot changes (a) (=M−N≈0) recognized in the change image S 1  is smaller than or equal to the lower limit, and the process returns to step  121 , and newly acquired images shown in FIG. 24(B), that is, LSI{circle over ( 3 )} image and LSI{circle over ( 4 )} image are stored, for example, in the memory unit  16   a  and memory unit  16   b,  respectively. In this case, the already stored images LSI{circle over ( 1 )} image and LSI {circle over ( 2 )} image are deleted.  
         [0117]    Successively, at step  122 , the memory units  16   a,    16   b  are referred to, and the number of changes of the number of dots M′ for composing the image portion  400  (black portion) corresponding to the image of the user U in the LSI{circle over ( 3 )} image and the number of dots N′ for composing the image portion  401  (black portion) corresponding to the image of the user U in the LSI{circle over ( 4 )} image are calculated, and the number of dot changes (a) (=absolute value |M′−N′|) is extracted. In this case, too, overlapping the LSI{circle over ( 3 )} image and LSI{circle over ( 4 )} image, the overlapping portion is deleted, and a change image S 2  as shown in FIG. 24(B) is obtained. In this case, too, the number of dot changes (a) of the change image S 2  judged at step  123  is smaller than or equal to the lower limit, and the process returns to step  121  again.  
         [0118]    The LSI{circle over ( 3 )} image and LSI{circle over ( 4 )} image stored in the memory unit  16   a  and memory unit  16   b  are deleted, and newly acquired images shown in FIG. 24(C), that is, LSI{circle over ( 5 )} image and LSI{circle over ( 6 )} image are stored, for example, in the memory unit  16   a  and memory unit  16   b,  respectively.  
         [0119]    Successively, at step  122 , the memory units  16   a,    16   b  are referred to, and the number of changes of the number of dots M″ for composing the image portion  200  (black portion) corresponding to the image of the user U in the LSI{circle over ( 5 )} image and the number of dots N″ for composing the image portion  201  (black portion) corresponding to the image of the user U in the LSI{circle over ( 6 )} image are calculated, and the number of dot changes (a) (=absolute value |N″−N″|) is extracted. In this case, too, overlapping the LSI{circle over ( 5 )} image and LSI{circle over ( 6 )} image, the overlapping portion is deleted, and a change image S 3  as shown in FIG. 24(C) is obtained. In this case, at step  123 , the absolute value |M″−N″| is judged to be within a range of 960≧number of dot changes (a)≧64.  
         [0120]    Accordingly, at step  124 , a valve open signal for opening the solenoid valve  17  is sent from the microcomputer  15  to the solenoid valve drive circuit  18 , and water is discharged from the water feed piping  32 .  
         [0121]    During discharge of water, newly acquired novel images (consecutive image) not shown are stored in the memory unit  16   a  and memory unit  16   b  from which the LSI{circle over ( 5 )} image and LSI{circle over ( 6 )} image are deleted (see step  125 ). The novel images are respectively LSI{circle over ( 7 )} image and LSI{circle over ( 8 )} image, and the number of dot changes (a) is judged similarly.  
         [0122]    That is, in the water discharge state, at step  126 , the memory units  16   a,    16   b  are referred to, and the number of changes of the number of dots M′″ for composing the image portion corresponding to the image of the user U in the LSI {circle over ( 7 )} image (not shown) and the number of dots N′″ for composing the image portion corresponding to the image of the user U in the LSI{circle over ( 8 )} image (not shown) are calculated, and the number of dot changes (a) (=absolute value |M′″−N′″|) is extracted. In this case, if the absolute value |M′″−N′″| exceeds, for example, 64, it is judged that the user U leaves the flush urinal  31  (see step  127 ), and the microcomputer  15  sends a valve close signal to the solenoid valve  17  (see step  128 ).  
         [0123]    On the other hand, if the absolute value |M′″−N′″| is, for example, less than 64, it is judged that the user U still remains at the flush urinal  31  (see step  127 ), and the valve open signal continues to be transmitted, and the process returns to step  125 .  
         [0124]    [0124]FIG. 20 shows an example of water feed operation. When the user U approaches the flush urinal  31  within 55 cm, a green lamp lights for 1 second [see FIG. 20(A)], and in about another 1 second, the flush urinal  31  is prewashed for 2 seconds [see FIG. 20(B)]. After use, when the user U leaves the flush urinal  31 , the flush urinal  31  is washed for 6 seconds [see FIG. 20(C)]. Moreover, to prevent drying of discharge pipe of the flush urinal  31  if the flush urinal  31  is not used for a long period, it is automatically flushed in every 24 hours.  
         [0125]    [0125]FIG. 26 to FIG. 28 refer to embodiment 4 of the present invention configured so as to monitor the user U of a flush urinal  31  from a position immediately above the flush urinal  31 , by disposing a pair of artificial retina sensors  2   Right ,  2   Left  at right and left positions of a water feed piping  32  of the flush urinal  31  so that the central axes X 1 , X 2  of the viewing field regions (light receiving regions) m, m may intersect each other. In FIG. 26 to FIG. 28, same reference numerals as in FIG. 1 to FIG. 25 refer to same or equivalent objects.  
         [0126]    The procedure of process by recognition algorithm is explained below.  
         [0127]    In FIG. 27(A) and FIG. 28, the user U goes to the flush urinal  31  (see step  500 ). First, as shown at step  501 , while the user U is away from the flush urinal  31  by a distance corresponding to length L 1 , of the two LSI images, for example, LSI{circle over ( 1 )} image is stored in the memory unit  16   a  and LSI{circle over ( 2 )} image is stored in the memory unit  16   b.    
         [0128]    In FIG. 27(A), the image portion  300   a  (black portion) corresponding to the image of the user U in the LSI{circle over ( 1 )} image is supposed to be composed of G dots. Similarly, the image portion  301   a  (black portion) corresponding to the image of the user U in the LSI{circle over ( 2 )} image is supposed to be composed of H dots. At step  502 , the memory units  16   a,    16   b  are referred to, and the change in the number of dots (a) is extracted.  
         [0129]    In this case, different from above-mentioned embodiment 3, in embodiment 4, since the artificial retina sensors  2   Right ,  2   Left  are disposed at right and left positions of the water feed piping  32  of the flush urinal  31  so that the central axes X 1 , X 2  of the viewing field regions (light receiving regions) m, m may intersect each other, the image portion  300   a  and image portion  301   b  are mutually composed of nearly same number pixels (G≈H), but are not located at the same position as in above-mentioned embodiment 3 as shown in FIG. 24(A), but are present at mutually exact opposite positions as shown in FIG. 27(A). That is, the change image F 1  obtained as a result of calculation of the number ofdot changes is exactly same as the remaining of the image portion  300   a  and image portion  301   a.    
         [0130]    Next, at step  503 , when the number of dot changes (a) recognized in the change image F 1  is judged to be less than 64, a valve open signal for opening the solenoid valve  17  is transmitted to the solenoid valve drive circuit  18  from the microcomputer  15 , and water is discharged from the water feed pipe  32 , but since the number of dot changes (a) recognized in the change image F 1  is more than or equal to 64, going back to step  501 , newly acquired novel images shown in FIG. 27(B), that is, LSI{circle over ( 3 )} image and LSI{circle over ( 4 )} image are stored, for example, in the memory unit  16   a  and memory unit  16   b  respectively. In this case, the previously stored LSI{circle over ( 1 )} image and LSI{circle over ( 2 )} image are deleted.  
         [0131]    Successively, at step  502 , the memory units  16   a,    16   b  are referred to, and the number of changes (a) of the number of dots G′ for composing the image portion  400  (black portion) corresponding to the image of the user U in the LSI{circle over ( 3 )} image and the number of dots H′ for composing the image portion  401  (black portion) corresponding to the image of the user U in the LSI{circle over ( 4 )} image are extracted. In this case, in FIG. 27(B) same as in FIG. 27(A), although the image portion  400   a  and image portion  401   a  are composed of a nearly same number of dots (G′≈H′), as shown in FIG. 24(B), the image portion  400  and image portion  401  are notpartly overlapped, but the image portion  400   a  and image portion  401   a  are separate from each other, and the change image F 2  obtained as a result of calculation of the number of dot changes (a) is same as the remaining of the image portion  400   a  and image portion  401   a.  In this case, too, the number of dot changes (a) of the change image F 2  is more than or equal to 64, and the process returns to step  501  again.  
         [0132]    After the LSI{circle over ( 3 )} image and LSI{circle over ( 4 )} image stored in the memory unit  16   a  and memory unit  16   b,  respectively, are deleted, newly acquired novel images shown in FIG. 27(C), that is, LSI{circle over ( 5 )} image and LSI{circle over ( 6 )} image are stored, for example, in the memory unit  16   a  and memory unit  16   b,  respectively.  
         [0133]    Again, at step  502 , the memory units  16   a,    16   b  are referred to, and the number of changes (a) is extracted from the number of dots G″ for composing the image portion  200   a  (black portion) corresponding to the image of the user U in the LSI{circle over ( 5 )} image and the number of dots H″ for composing the image portion  201   a  (black portion) corresponding to the image of the user U in the LSI{circle over ( 6 )} image.  
         [0134]    In this case, since the user U is further approaching the flush urinal  31 , the image of the user U is shown in the entire area of the image seen from the sensing window  9 , and the image portions  200   a,    201   a  cover almost the entire area, and the image portions  200   a,    201   a  are located nearly at same position. Hence, by overlapping LSI{circle over ( 5 )} image and LSI{circle over ( 6 )} image, the image portions  200   a,    201   a  are overlapped almost completely. Hence, as recognized in the change image F 3  obtained as a result of calculation, the number of dot changes (a) presumed to be shown in black is hardly recognized.  
         [0135]    Herein, the number of dot changes (a) recognized in the change image F 1  at step  503  is judged to be less than 64, and a valve open signal for opening the solenoid valve  17  (see step  504 ) is sent from the microcomputer  15  to the solenoid valve drive circuit  18 , so that water is discharged from the water feed pipe  32 .  
         [0136]    During discharge of water, newly acquired novel images (consecutive images) not shown are stored in the memory unit  16   a  and memory  16   b,  respectively, from which the LSI{circle over ( 5 )} image and LSI{circle over ( 6 )} image have been deleted (see step  505 ). The novel images are LSI{circle over ( 7 )} image and LSI{circle over ( 8 )} image, and the number of dot changes (a) is similarly judged.  
         [0137]    That is, in the water discharge state, at step  506 , the memory units  16   a,    16   b  are referred to, and the number of changes (a) is extracted. In this case, if the number of dot changes (a) is less than 64, it is judged that the user U is away from the flush urinal (see step  507 ), and the microcomputer  15  sends a valve close signal to the solenoid valve  17  (see step  508 ).  
         [0138]    If the number of dot changes (a) is over 64, on the other hand, it is judged that the user U is not away from the flush urinal  31  (see step  507 ), and the transmission of valve open signal continues, and the process returns to step  505 .  
         [0139]    In the present invention, the number of photo detector elements is, natually, not limited to 1024.  
         [0140]    Also, the present invention is not limited to the flush urinal, but may be applied in the hand washer and other lavatories.

Technology Category: 0