Patent Document

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This is a continuation application, under 35 U.S.C. §120, of copending international application No. PCT/EP2013/059301, filed May 3, 2013, which designated the United States; this application also claims the priority, under 35 U.S.C. §119, of German patent application No. DE 10 2012 008 824.8, filed May 7, 2012 and German patent application No. DE 10 2012 022 977.1, filed Nov. 26, 2012; the prior applications are herewith incorporated by reference in their entireties. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates to a disintegrating machine. 
     Disintegrating machines with at least two knife shafts are amply known. They serve, for example, for disintegrating recyclable materials, such as, for example, coated copper cables, tires, etc., in order to supply the recyclable materials, for example, to a further recycling process. 
     Disintegrating machines of this type are exposed to high loads and in particular the knife shafts thereof have to be exchanged from time to time. In the case of disintegrating machines according to the prior art, the maintenance requires a very large amount of time and expense, thus ultimately resulting in high operating costs. There is accordingly a need for improvement in the ease of maintenance of disintegrating machines of this type. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     It is the object of the present invention to provide an improved disintegrating machine, in particular to provide a disintegrating machine which can be easier to maintain. 
     With the foregoing and other objects in view there is provided, in accordance with the invention, a disintegrating machine selected from the group consisting of rotary cutters and rotary tearing devices. The disintegrating machine contains knife shafts including a first knife shaft and a second knife shaft and a frame having bearing receptacles. At least one of the bearing receptacles has a main body and a bridge being pivotable in relation to the main body. The disintegrating machine further has bearings and a driving device for driving the knife shafts. The knife shafts are accommodated rotatably in the bearing receptacles of the frame by the bearings. 
     Owing to the fact that at least one bearing receptacle which contains a main body and a bridge which is pivotable in relation to the main body is provided, the knife shafts can be rapidly removed or re-installed since the bearing receptacle can be opened rapidly by swinging up the bridge, and the knife shafts can be correspondingly rapidly removed or, by shutting the bridge, a knife shaft inserted into the bearing receptacle can be rapidly fixed again. 
     Further advantages of the present invention emerge in particular from the dependent claims. The features of the dependent claims can in principle be combined with one another as desired. 
     In an advantageous refinement of the invention, it can be provided that the driving device is connected to at least one of the knife shafts by at least one quick change coupling, and preferably the first knife shaft is connected by a first quick change coupling and the second knife shaft is connected by a second quick change coupling to the driving device. By this measure, the knife shaft or the knife shafts can be rapidly separated from the driving device or re-connected to the driving device, and therefore this also enables an easily maintained configuration of the driving device. 
     In a further advantageous refinement of the invention, it can be provided that at least one scraper, in particular a number of scrapers, is fitted on that side of the frame which faces the knife shafts, wherein the individual scraper are connected to the frame by only one screw and a hook or by only two screws. Therefore, the scrapers can be rapidly removed and installed. This measure also enables an easily maintained configuration of the driving device. 
     In a further advantageous refinement of the invention, it can be provided that at least one knife shaft, preferably two knife shafts, are equipped on the end side with at least one bearing plate. The bearing plate is equipped with a standing foot which, with respect to the axis of rotation of the knife shaft, is at a greater distance from the axis of rotation than the largest radius of the knife shaft. Optionally, the bearing plate is provided with an opening for the hooking-in of a crane hook or for connection to a crane, and/or the bearing plate is equipped with a connection for the bearing of the knife shaft. By this means an easily maintained disintegrating machine can likewise be provided. It is noticeable here in particular that the bearing plate can take on numerous tasks and can therefore be referred to as multifunctional. The standing foot also enables the knife shaft to be placed, for example, on the ground or on a suitable work bench without the knives of the shaft itself, or the ground or the underlying surface being affected. Through the hooking-in opening, the knife shaft can be hooked in and lifted out or inserted directly on the bearing plates by crane. A separate fastening, for example by straps, chains or belts, can be dispensed with. The bearings of the knife shafts are basically held by the bearing receptacles of the frame. In addition, the bearings can also be accommodated and fixed by corresponding connections in the bearing plates. 
     In a further advantageous refinement of the invention, it can be provided that the frame is equipped with reinforcing ribs at least in sections, in particular reinforcing ribs running diagonally between the corners of the side walls. By this means, it is possible for the construction to be lighter in weight with the same or even greater stability of the disintegrating machine. For example, given an identical anticipated load, the frame can be configured to be thinner or of a different material than it would have to be without reinforcing ribs for an anticipated load. 
     In a further advantageous refinement of the invention, it can be provided that the frame contains at least a first side wall, a second side wall, a first end wall and a second end wall, which preferably form a rectangular frame. Two knife shafts can advantageously be accommodated in a rectangular frame, in particular parallel to the side walls. 
     In a further advantageous refinement of the proposed invention, it can be provided that a first bearing receptacle, containing a main body and a bridge which is pivotable in relation to the main body, is provided in the first end wall or form the first end wall, wherein a second bearing receptacle, containing a main body and a bridge which is pivotable in relation to the main body, is provided in the second end wall or form the end wall. The bridges each have two semicircular recesses and the main bodies each have two semicircular recesses. In a closed state of the bridge and the main body, that is in an operating state of the disintegrating machine, the semicircular recesses of the main body and the bridge complement each other to form two receptacles for one bearing each of the two knife shafts, that is, with two bridges and main bodies configured in such a manner, a total of four receptacles for the four bearings of the two knife shafts can be provided in the disintegrating device. It should be noted that the knife shaft can also be mounted with more bearings. The description is based here on a standard mounting by two bearings per knife shaft. To the extent that the combination of the main body and the bridge complement each other in a closed state to form a wall, the combination can be entirely used as the end wall. In principle, it is also possible for more than two semicircular recesses to be provided per main body or bridge, and therefore correspondingly more knife shafts can also be accommodated in the respective bearing receptacle and, by this means, disintegrating machines with more than two knife shafts can also be realized. 
     In a further advantageous refinement of the invention, it can be provided that the disintegrating machine contains a hopper for supplying recyclable materials to the knife shafts, wherein the hopper is fitted to at least one bridge, preferably to the bridge of the first bearing receptacle and to the bridge of the second bearing receptacle. The hopper can be screwed to a follow-up pressing device which assists the supply of material. If the hopper is fitted to the bridge, which is pivotable in relation to the main body, preferably to the two bridges, which are pivotable in relation to the main bodies, it is then possible, to a certain extent in one working step, for the hopper, optionally including the follow-up pressing device, to be pivoted to the side and for the knife shafts to be exposed for removal. After the knife shafts have been repaired or after new or different knife shafts have been inserted, the bridges can be swung back again, as a result of which, first, the hopper, optionally together with the follow-up pressing device, is pivoted again into an operating position and, second, the bearing receptacle can be closed again. 
     In a further advantageous refinement of the invention, it can be provided that a play-free, but at least play-reduced, bearing is provided between the main body and the bridge. This results in a play-reduced, preferably play-free, mounting of the bridge, which, in turn, permits a flow of forces directly into the frame. In addition, the bearing is preferably maintenance-free. 
     In a further advantageous refinement of the invention, it can be provided that at least one releasable fixing device is provided between the bridge and the main body. Correspondingly, a plurality of releasable fixing devices can also be provided. 
     In a further advantageous refinement of the invention, it can be provided that the main body is of a U-shaped configuration and has a longitudinal side, a first limb and a second limb, wherein the bridge is of a L-shaped configuration and has a longitudinal side and a limb. The fixing device contains at least two bores in the second limb of the main body, two threaded bores on the end side of the longitudinal side of the bridge and two screws, wherein the two bores run parallel to the longitudinal side of the main body and the threaded bores run parallel to the longitudinal side of the bridge. The screws are screwed through the bores into the threaded bores. Optionally the fixing device may contain at least one bracket with a pivotable threaded rod on the main body or on the bridge, and at least one receptacle on the bridge or on the main body. The threaded rod can be pivoted into the receptacle and fixed by a nut. Further optionally the fixing device may contain at least a first bore and a second bore in the bearing plate and a threaded bore in the main body and a threaded bore in the bridge and two threaded bolts. The threaded bolts are screwed through the bores into the threaded bores. Yet further optionally the fixing device may contain a first semicircular bore in the bridge and a second semicircular bore in the main body. The first and second bores complement each other in an operating state of the disintegrating machine to form a circular bore, and a securing bolt is inserted releasably into the bore. 
     The bolts, bores and fixing device permit a play-free, but at least play-reduced, connection of main body and bridge, which realize a frictional connection in the direction of the main body. 
     In a further advantageous refinement of the invention, it can be provided that the quick change coupling contains a first flange and a second flange. Wherein both the first flange and the second flange have merely three bores each for screws for connection of the flanges, and only one carrier is arranged between the flanges. A quick action coupling with only one fixedly mounted carrier element facilitates the removal of the shafts by release of only three screws per coupling. 
     In a further advantageous refinement of the invention, it can be provided that the reinforcing ribs are fitted to the side walls. 
     In a further advantageous refinement of the invention, it can be provided that the reinforcing ribs run diagonally between the corners of the side walls. 
     In a further advantageous refinement of the invention, it can be provided that the connection of the bearing plate for the bearing of the knife shaft is provided in the form of a bearing ring, wherein the bearing ring and the bearing plate are either formed integrally or the bearing ring is connected to the bearing plate. The bearing can be accommodated more advantageously in the bearing receptacle via the bearing ring, and in particular the outer ring of the bearing is protected by the bearing ring. 
     Other features which are considered as characteristic for the invention are set forth in the appended claims. 
     Although the invention is illustrated and described herein as embodied in a disintegrating machine, it is nevertheless not intended to be limited to the details shown, since various modifications and structural changes may be made therein without departing from the spirit of the invention and within the scope and range of equivalents of the claims. 
     The construction and method of operation of the invention, however, together with additional objects and advantages thereof will be best understood from the following description of specific embodiments when read in connection with the accompanying drawings. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWING 
         FIG. 1  is a diagrammatic perspective view of a disintegrating machine according to the invention in an operating state; 
         FIG. 1A  is a diagrammatic perspective view of the disintegrating machine according to the invention in the operating state; 
         FIG. 2  is a diagrammatic perspective view of the disintegrating machine according to the invention in a maintenance state with bridges merely pivoted upward and a tilted hopper; 
         FIG. 3  is a side view of the disintegrating machine according to the invention in the operating state; 
         FIG. 4  is a top plan view of the disintegrating machine according to the invention in the operating state; 
         FIG. 4A  is a top plan view of the disintegrating machine according to the invention in the operating state in a view without the hopper; 
         FIG. 5  is a side view of a knife shaft with bearing plates; 
         FIG. 6  is a front view of the knife shaft with the bearing plates; 
         FIG. 7  is a side view of a main body; 
         FIG. 8  is a front view of the main body together with a side wall; 
         FIG. 9  is a side view of a bridge; 
         FIG. 10  is a front view of the bridge; 
         FIG. 11  is a front view of a bearing plate; 
         FIG. 12  is a side view of the bearing plate; 
         FIG. 13  is a perspective view of the disintegrating machine according to the invention; 
         FIG. 14  is a perspective view of the disintegrating machine according to the invention; 
         FIG. 15  is a perspective view of the disintegrating machine according to the invention; 
         FIG. 16  is a perspective view of a flange of a driving device or driving means; 
         FIG. 17  is a perspective view of the flange of the knife shaft; 
         FIG. 18  is a perspective view of a scraper; 
         FIG. 19  is a perspective view of the a scraper in an installed situation; 
         FIG. 20  is a perspective view of the scraper with two screws; and 
         FIG. 21  is a sectional view through a preferred refinement of a receptacle of a bearing of the knife shaft with a bearing ring. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     Referring now to the figures of the drawings in detail and first, particularly to  FIG. 1  thereof, there is shown a disintegrating machine according to the invention, in particular a rotary cutter or rotary tearing device, which generally includes a driving device  1 , a disintegrating device  2  and a hopper  3  which is fitted on the disintegrating device  2 , optionally with a follow-up pressing device  5 . The driving device  1  and the disintegrating device  2  are preferably fitted on a mount  4 . 
     The driving device  1  contains a first drive  11  and a second drive  12 . The drives are of substantially structurally identical design, and therefore only one drive will be described in more detail below. The drive can comprise, for example, an electric motor  13  with a transmission  14  connected downstream (see  FIG. 2 ). A power of more than 30 kW is preferably provided per drive. In a preferred embodiment, each drive has 95 kW. 
     The driving device  1 , in particular the drive  11 ,  12 , is preferably fitted on the mount  4  by spring and/or damping elements  15  (see  FIG. 4 ). The spring and/or damping element may be, for example, a rubber spring. 
     As shown in  FIGS. 2 and 13 , the disintegrating device  2  generally contains a first knife shaft  21 , a second knife shaft  22 , a frame  23 , a number of scrapers  24 , bearings  25  for the knife shafts  21 ,  22  and bearing receptacles for the knife shafts or for the bearings  25  of the knife shafts  21 ,  22 . 
     Depending on the embodiment of the disintegrating machine as a rotary cutter or a rotary tearing device, the knife shafts  21 ,  22  can be correspondingly configured as a cutter shaft or tearing device shaft. 
     The two cutter shafts  21 ,  22  together are also called a set of cutting shafts. The two tearing device shafts are also referred to as a set of tearing device shafts. 
     As shown in  FIGS. 1A and 4A , the frame  23  has a first side wall  27 , a second side wall  28 , a first end wall  29  and a second end wall  30 . The side walls  27 ,  28  and the end walls  28 ,  29  form a rectangular frame in a top view. The scrapers  24  which protrude into the frame  23  perpendicularly from the side walls  27 ,  28  are fitted along the frame  23 , in particular along the side walls  27 ,  28  of the frame. The individual scrapers  24  of a side wall have a distance there-between in the longitudinal direction such that distance spaces  31  arise between the scrapers  24 . 
     A knife shaft  21 ,  22  has a shaft  70 , a number of knife disks  33  and a number of distance bushings  32  (see  FIG. 5 ). The knife disks  33  are configured as elevations in relation to the shaft, the elevations revolving around the shaft and being provided on the circumferential side with draw-in hooks. In other words, wider disks similar to circular saw blades are fitted at axial distances on the shaft. Distance bushings  32  are provided between the knife disks  33 . The knife shaft  21 ,  22  has an axis of rotation  34 . The knife disks  33  have a larger radius with respect to the axis of rotation  34  than the shaft  70  and the distance bushings  32 . The knife shaft  21 ,  22  can be configured as a single part, that is from one piece, but can also be configured in multi-part form. 
     At least two knife shafts, that is the first knife shaft  21  and the second knife shaft  22 , are accommodated rotatably in the disintegrating machine, in particular in the frame  23 . The knife shafts  21 ,  22  and the axis of rotation  34  of the knife shafts run parallel to the side walls  27 ,  28  of the frame here. The first knife shaft  21  here faces the first side wall  27 , and the knife disks  33  of the first knife shaft  21  run through the distance spaces  31  of the scrapers  24  of the first side wall  27 . The second knife shaft  22  faces the second side wall  28 , and the knife disks  33  of the second knife shaft  22  run through the distance spaces  31  of the scrapers  24  of the second side wall  28 . Furthermore, the knife disks  33  of the first knife shaft  21  run through the distance spaces of the second knife shaft  22  and the knife disks  33  of the second knife shaft  22  run through the distance spaces of the first knife shaft  21 . 
     With regard to the knife shafts and the knife disks, an embodiment of the disintegrating machine as a rotary cutter is distinguished in comparison to the embodiment as a rotary tearing device in particular in that the knife disks converge more closely or at a greater distance, thus resulting in different disintegrating mechanisms. In particular by the greater distance of the knife cutters in the embodiment as a rotary tearing device, the recyclable materials are substantially torn and cut less than is the case in the rotary cutter, in which the knife disks tend to converge at a smaller distance to one another. The process in the case of the embodiment of the rotary tearing device means that the throughput rate is generally higher than in the case of the embodiment of the rotary cutter. 
     In a customary position of use or operating state, the hopper  3  is fitted above the disintegrating device  2  (see  FIG. 3 ). However, the hopper  3  can also be pivoted into a maintenance position or maintenance state. This will be discussed in further detail further below. 
     The disintegrating machine functions as follows. The first knife shaft  21  is set into rotation by the first drive  11  and the second knife shaft  22  is set into rotation by the second drive  12 . Preferably, for this purpose, the first drive  11  is fitted on one side of the frame  23  and the second drive  12  is fitted on the other side of the frame  23 . In the normal operating state, the direction of rotation of the two knife shafts  21 ,  22  is preferably directed toward the center of the machine. 
     Recyclable materials, such as, for example, coated copper cables, tires, etc., can now be thrown into the hopper  3 . The recyclable materials are disintegrated and partially split into their component parts by the disintegrating device, in particular between the knife shafts  21 ,  22  and the scrapers  24 . The disintegrated recoverable materials drop out of the disintegrating device  2 , for example into a non-illustrated collecting container which is positioned under the disintegrating device supported on a mount  4 . 
     The disintegrating machine proposed here is distinguished in particular by particularly advantageous properties. 
     In principle, it is required to construct the disintegrating machine to be as lightweight as possible. On the other hand, considerable forces act on the disintegrating machine during the disintegration of the recoverable materials, and therefore a correspondingly large amount of material which is stable, but unfortunately also heavy, has to be used. Basically, however, a suitable material is steel. 
     Against this background, it is proposed to equip the frame  23  or at least an element of the frame  23 , preferably at least one wall, in particular both side walls  27 ,  28 , with reinforcing ribs  35  (see  FIG. 8 ). If the starting point is, for example, a rectangular design of the side wall  27 ,  28 , the reinforcing ribs  35  preferably run diagonally, in particular from one corner to the opposite corner. The reinforcing ribs  35  are preferably elongate and flat profiles which lie in particular vertically on the surface of the side wall. The reinforcing ribs can be formed as a single part with the side wall, but also as separate elements. In the embodiment as separate elements, the reinforcing ribs are correspondingly fixed on the end side in the corners. In a top view of the side wall, an X-shaped configuration of the reinforcing ribs  35  is preferably produced. 
     The walls of the hopper  3  can also be equipped with reinforcing ribs  35  of this type. 
     By the reinforcing ribs  35 , it is possible for the construction to be lighter in weight with the same or even greater stability of the disintegrating machine, for example, given an identical anticipated load, the side wall  27 ,  28  can be configured to be thinner or of a different material than it would have to be for an anticipated load without reinforcing ribs. 
     Furthermore, it is required to configure the disintegrating machine to be as easy to maintain as possible, in particular to permit rapid and unproblematic maintenance or repair. For this purpose, the disintegrating machine has a number of advantageous and inventive technical devices. 
     First of all, the connection of the driving device, in particular of the drives  11 ,  12 , to the knife shafts  21 ,  22  should be mentioned here, the connection preferably taking place by a quick change coupling. The connection between the first drive  11  and the first knife shaft  21  is described below. The connection of second drive  12  to the second knife shaft  22  takes place in an identical manner. 
     The quick change coupling contains a first flange  16  and a second flange  26  (see  FIG. 13 ). The first flange  16  is connected to the respective drive  11 ,  12  and the second flange  26  is connected to the associated knife shaft  21 ,  22 . Both the first flange  16  and the second flange  26  merely have three bores  36  each (see  FIG. 16 ). In the mounted state, the bores  36  of the first flange  16  and the second flange  26  are aligned, and therefore screws  72  can be passed there-through. The screws are fixed by nuts. Furthermore, only one carrier  61  is provided between the flanges  16 ,  26  (see  FIG. 17 ). The carrier  61  which is fastened to the one flange is accommodated in a clearance  61   a  of the other flange, the clearance being introduced in the flange in each case in the radial direction. During the changing of the shafts, the carrier  61  does not have to be removed. The quick change coupling with only one fixedly mounted carrier  61  facilitates the removal of the shafts by release of only three screws  72  per coupling. 
     Furthermore, the configuration of the bearing receptacles for the knife shafts should be mentioned in conjunction with advantageous maintenance. With regard to the arrangement already described above of the knife shafts in the frame, the bearing receptacles are provided in the end walls  29 ,  30  or the bearing receptacles are formed by the end walls. Since the bearing receptacles are of substantially identical construction, reference will essentially be made below to one bearing receptacle. 
     The knife shafts  21 ,  22  are basically mounted in the frame  23  by rolling contact bearings, for example by ball bearings or roller bearings. However, other types of bearings, for example plain bearings, are also suitable. The bearings  25  sit on the end side of the knife shafts  21 ,  22 . If the bearing  25  has an outer ring and an inner ring, the inner ring is connected to the knife shaft and the outer ring is connected to the frame  23  by the bearing receptacle, optionally with the interconnection of a further bearing ring  71  (see  FIG. 12 ). 
     The bearing receptacle has a main body  37  and a bridge  38  (see  FIGS. 7 and 9 ), and also in particular a play-free or at least play-reduced bearing  39  and a releasable fixing device. Since, preferably, two bearing receptacles are provided on the two sides of the frame, the further main body and bridge, that are constructionally identical per se, will be denoted by the reference numbers  37   a  and  38   a , respectively. However, for the sake of clarity, reference is merely made to a combination of main body  37  and bridge  38 . 
     The main body  37  is of substantially U-shaped configuration from a side view and correspondingly has a longitudinal side  40 , a first limb  41  and a second limb  42 . The main body  37  can also be of L-shaped configuration or can also have entirely different shapes. The main body is preferably of elongate design. Furthermore, the main body  37  has a first semicircular recess  46  and a second semicircular recess  46   a  in its longitudinal side  40 . In its second limb  42 , the main body  37  preferably has two bores  43  which run parallel to the longitudinal side  40  of the main body. Furthermore, the main body preferably has two brackets  44  with threaded rods accommodated pivotably therein. The main body  37  also preferably has two threaded bores  45  in its longitudinal side  40 , the threaded bores being provided perpendicularly to the longitudinal side. 
     The bridge  38  is of a substantially L-shaped configuration in a side view and has a longitudinal side  47  and a limb  48 . Other shapes are also conceivable here. The bridge is preferably of an elongate configuration. Furthermore, the bridge  38  preferably has a first semicircular recess  49  and a second semicircular recess  49   a  in its longitudinal side  47 . The longitudinal side  47  of the bridge  38  has, on the end wall thereof, two threaded bores  50  which run substantially parallel to the longitudinal side  47  of the bridge  38 . The bridge  38  preferably also has two receptacles  51  into which the threaded rods  44  of the brackets on the main body side can be pivoted. In addition, the bridge  38 , in its longitudinal side  47 , preferably has two threaded bores  52  which are provided perpendicularly to the longitudinal side  47 . 
     The bridge  38  is connected pivotably to the main body  37  via the play-free/play-reduced bearing  39 . The bearing  39  is preferably installed in the first limb  41  of the main body  37  and in the limb  48  of the bridge  38 . The bearing  39  is preferably installed in such a manner that the pivot axis of the bearing runs perpendicularly to the longitudinal axes of main body  37  and bridge  38 . If main body  37  and the bridge  38  span an imaginary plane, the axis of rotation of the bearing is preferably perpendicular to the plane. 
     The play-reduced, preferably play-free, bearing  39  is distinguished in particular by the following features. The bearing  39  is produced from a composite material. The composite material is extremely hard and is nevertheless resistant to momentum forces. This results in a play-reduced, preferably play-free, mounting of the bridge  38 , which, in turn, permits a flow of forces directly into the frame. In addition, the bearing  39  is preferably maintenance-free. The bearing play is preferably 0.02 mm or less. 
     As already indicated above, bearing receptacles are provided on both sides of the frame  23 , and the end walls of the frame are preferably formed, at least in sections, from the bearing receptacles, in particular from the bridge in the main body in each case. In this respect, in a folded up state, the bridge  38  and the main body  37  have approximately the shape of a rectangular wall. The shape which the bridge and the main body have specifically is also essentially insignificant in this respect as long as, in a joined together state, the bridge and the main body can be joined together to form a suitable end wall or a part thereof. 
     It can furthermore be provided that the hopper  3  is mounted on at least one bridge  38  and  38   a , preferably on the bridges  38  and  38   a . It can thereby be made possible for the hopper  3 , including an optionally mounted follow-up pressing device  5 , to be able to be pivoted with the bridges  38 ,  38   a . By this measure, to a certain extent in one working step, the hopper  3  and the optionally mounted follow-up pressing device  5  can be pivoted to the side and the knife shafts  21 ,  22  can be exposed for removal. After repair of the knife shafts or the insertion of new or other knife shafts, the bridges  38 ,  38   a  can be folded back again, as a result of which, first, the hopper and the optionally mounted follow-up pressing device  5  can be pivoted again into an operating position and, second, the bearing receptacle can be closed again. 
     Furthermore, the design of the fastening of the scrapers  24  should be mentioned in conjunction with advantageous maintenance (see  FIGS. 18-20 ). The scraper  24  preferably has only one threaded bore  59  and a hook  60  for fastening to the respective side wall  27 ,  28 . The threaded bore  59  here is preferably oriented in the longitudinal direction of the scraper  24  and provided at one end of the scraper. The hook  60  is fitted in the region of the other end of the scraper  24 . A strip  62  with a number of bores  63 , through which screws  65  can be correspondingly screwed, is arranged along the upper side of the side wall. Furthermore, a counterpart to the hooks  60  of the scrapers  24  is fitted along the lower region of the side wall  27 ,  28 . The scraper  24  can advantageously be released by just one screw. However, a further variant of the fastening of the scraper  24 , for example by two screws, of which one from above and one from the side, is also conceivable. 
     Furthermore, the configuration of the bearing plates  53  should be mentioned in conjunction with advantageous maintenance (see  FIG. 11 ). 
     The bearing plate  53  is preferably of approximately rectangular construction, preferably a rectangular configuration. The bearing plate preferably has a shaft lead-through  56 , for example a circular recess, from which in each case one section of the bearing plate extends in the one direction and the other section extends in the other direction. The shaft lead-through can be covered by a cover even if, for example, only a very short section of the shaft has been led there-through. Two bearing plates  53  are preferably installed per knife shaft, in particular in each case on the end side of the knife shaft. With respect to the longitudinal axis or axis of rotation of the knife shaft, the sections of the bearing plate  53  in each case extend radially from the longitudinal axis or axis of rotation of the knife shaft. 
     The bearing plate  53  can preferably carry out a plurality of functions, in particular four functions. 
     The bearing plate can act as a connecting element between the main body  37  and the bridge  38 . For this purpose, it can be provided that the bearing plate  53  is equipped with a connecting device, in particular bores, preferably bolt lead-throughs  54 ,  55 , for the releasable connection both to the bridge and to the main body. 
     The bearing plate  53  can act as a stand for the knife shaft  21 ,  22  connected thereto, if the knife shaft is placed on the ground, for example after removal or for the mounting. 
     For the function as a stand, the bearing plate  53  can have at least one standing foot  57  which preferably, with respect to the axis of rotation  34  of the knife shaft  21 ,  22 , is at a greater distance from the axis of rotation, in the fitted state on the knife shaft, than the largest radius of the knife shaft. In a simple embodiment, the border of the bearing plate  53  in the fitted state protrudes beyond the largest radius of the knife shaft  21  or  22 . A bearing plate  53  of this type is preferably fitted on each side of the knife shaft  21 ,  22 , and therefore the knife shaft, when deposited on the ground, can stand on the standing feet  57  of the bearing plates  53 , and the cutters of the knife disks do not have to rest on the ground. This protects the teeth of the knife disks. 
     Furthermore, the bearing plate  53  can be provided with an opening  58  for the hooking-in of a crane hook or basically for the connection to a crane. 
     In addition, the bearing plate  53  can also act as a bearing connection of the shaft mounting. For this purpose, the bearing plate can have a connection for the bearing  25 , in particular the outer ring of the bearing  25 . The connection can be configured, for example, as a bearing ring  71  ( FIG. 12 ). The bearing ring  71  and the bearing plate  53  can be configured as a single part, but the bearing ring can also be configured as a separate part and be connected in particular to the bearing plate. The connection, in particular the bearing ring  71 , is configured for receiving the bearing  25 , i.e. in particular the outer ring of the bearing  25 . In a preferred embodiment of the disintegrating machine, the bearings  25  of the knife shaft are accommodated via the bearing ring  71  in the bearing receptacle, which is between bridge  38  and main body  37 . 
     The bearing plate  53  can therefore preferably have a plurality of functions, in particular four functions, and can in this respect be referred to as multifunctional. First a bearing shell function, second as a stiffening element and connecting element between bridge and main body, wherein the bearing plate can therefore be part of the frame. Thirdly as a depositing frame with protection of the knife disks. Fourthly as a hoisting device bore/receptacle for transport and shaft support. 
     Further details of the proposed disintegrating machine emerge from a description of maintenance of the disintegrating machine according to the invention. 
     In a customary operating state, the knife shafts  21 ,  22  are accommodated in the frame  23  and in the corresponding bearing receptacles by the bearings  25 . The respective semicircular recesses  46   a ,  46   b ,  49   a ,  49   b  complement one another to form a full circle and hold the respective bearing  25  or the outer ring or bearing ring of the respective bearing. The bridge  38  is fixed to the main body  37  and secured against swinging up via the fixing device. The main body  37   a  and the bridge  38   a  substantially complement each other to form a rectangular wall and to a certain extent form the first end wall  29 , and the main body  37  and the bridge  38  form the second end wall  30  of the frame. 
     The fixing device can contain, for example, the two bores  43  in the second limb  42  of the main body  37 , the two threaded bores  50  in the longitudinal side  47  or of the end side of the longitudinal side of the bridge  38  and two screws  69 . The abovementioned bores and the associated threaded bores are aligned in an operating state, and the screws  69  are screwed through the bores  43  into the threaded bores  50 . 
     The fixing device can contain, for example, the two brackets  44  with the pivotable threaded rods on the main body and the two receptacles  51  on the bridge  38 . The threaded rods  44  are retracted into the receptacles  51  of the bridge  38 , and the brackets are connected to one another via nuts or, by tightening the nuts, the brackets can be drawn to one another and the bridge can be correspondingly pressed onto the main body. The brackets are configured approximately as two parallel, rectangular profiles. 
     The fixing device can contain, for example, the two bearing plates  53  with the bores  54 ,  55  for the threaded bolts, the threaded bores  45 ,  52  in the bridge and the main body, and also the threaded bolts  64 . In the longitudinal direction, the threaded bolts  64  have a cylindrical section with a smooth surface and a section with a thread. The bores of the bearing plates  54 ,  55  and the associated threaded bores  45 ,  52  of bridge and main body are aligned in an operating state, and the threaded bolts  64  are plugged through abovementioned bores and screwed into the threaded bores. 
     The fixing device can furthermore contain a first semicircular bore  66  in the bridge and a second semicircular bore  67  in the main body (see  FIG. 15 ). The semicircular bores are preferably oriented parallel to the knife shafts  21 ,  22  and, in a closed state of the bridge, that is operating state of the disintegrating machine, complement each other to form a circular bore. A securing bolt  68  which can counteract a swinging-up of the bridge can be inserted in the bore. 
     In order to transfer the disintegrating machine from an operating state into a maintenance state, the fixing device, in particular the nuts of the brackets  44 ,  51 , the screws, the threaded bolts  64  and the securing bolts  68 , are released. 
     The quick change couplings  16 ,  26  are subsequently released. In particular, only three screws  72  have to be released per quick change coupling. If the flanges  16 ,  26  are separated from each other, the respective drive  11 ,  12  can be folded away rearward to a sufficiently far extent by the suspension by the rubber springs  15 . 
     The bridges  38  together with the hopper  3  can be subsequently swung up. The internals of the disintegrating machine and in particular the knife shafts  21 ,  22  are then accessible and can be lifted out of the frame  23  together with the bearings  25  since the pivoted-up bridge  38  likewise releases the bearings  25  of the knife shafts  21 ,  22 . 
     The knife shafts  21 ,  22  can be lifted out, for example with a crane, and, by means of the standing feet  57 , can be deposited on the bearing plates on, for example, the ground. Here, for example, damaged draw-in hooks of the knife disks can be repaired. 
     The scrapers  24  and in particular the fastening screws thereof are also accessible in the maintenance state. A scraper  24  can thus be removed from the frame or reinserted by release of just one screw  65  or two screws  65 , in the variant with two screws, and this is basically also possible with the knife shafts still inserted. 
     After maintenance and repair, the knife shafts  21 ,  22  can be reinserted and the fixing device correspondingly fitted again. 
     In the preferred embodiment described here of the disintegrating machine, the drives  11 ,  12 , the knife shafts  21 ,  22  and diverse functional elements are present in duplicate; furthermore, corresponding bearing receptacles are provided on both sides of the knife shafts  21 ,  22  and two bearing plates are provided on each knife shaft, i.e. accordingly a total of four bearing plates are provided. Generally, only an individual component is being described in the description, with it being possible for the statements to be correspondingly likewise transferred to the other identical components. It should also be taken into consideration that, in particular in  FIGS. 7 and 9 , optionally mirror-inverted illustrations of bridge and main body are depicted. 
     The disintegrating machine according to the invention, in particular a rotary cutter, is distinguished in particular by the below described features. 
     A disintegrating machine, in particular a rotary cutter, contains at least a first cutter shaft, a second cutter shaft, and a frame for receiving the cutter shafts which are mounted by bearings. The frame contains at least one side wall, wherein the side wall is equipped with reinforcing ribs. 
     A disintegrating machine, in particular a rotary cutter, contains at least a first cutter shaft, a second cutter shaft, and a frame for receiving the cutter shafts which are mounted by means of bearings. A driving device for driving the cutter shafts is provided, wherein the driving device has at least one drive which is connected to the first cutter shaft. The drive is connected to the cutter shaft by a quick change coupling. 
     A disintegrating machine, in particular a rotary cutter, contains at least a first cutter shaft, a second cutter shaft and a hopper, and also a frame for receiving the cutter shafts which are mounted by bearings. The frame is configured at least in sections as a bearing receptacle, the bearing receptacle contains a main body and a bridge. A releasable bearing plate is fitted between the main body and the bridge, wherein the bearing plate can act as a connecting element between the main body and the bridge, and/or the bearing plate can act as a stand for the cutter shaft which is connected thereto, and/or the bearing plate can be provided with an opening for the hooking-in of a crane hook or basically for the connection to a crane, and/or the bearing plate can act as a bearing receptacle of the shaft mounting. 
     A disintegrating machine, in particular a rotary cutter, contains at least a number of scrapers and a frame for receiving at least two cutter shafts, wherein at least one scraper is fastened by just one screw and a hook. 
     A disintegrating machine, in particular a rotary cutter, contains at least a first cutter shaft, a second cutter shaft and a hopper, and also a frame for receiving the cutter shafts which are mounted by bearings. The frame is configured at least in sections as a bearing receptacle. The bearing receptacle contains a main body and a bridge, wherein the bridge is fitted to the main body by a bearing, in particular a play-free bearing, preferably a tilting pedestal bearing, wherein the hopper is fitted on the bridge. 
     The disintegrating machine, in particular the rotary cutter, can be distinguished by all or some of the preceding enumerated features. 
     The following is a summary list of reference numerals and the corresponding structure used in the above description of the invention:
           1  driving device     2  disintegrating device     3  hopper     4  mount     5  follow-up pressing device     11  first driving means     12  second driving means     13  motor     14  transmission     15  spring and/or damping element     16  flange (driving means)     21  first knife shaft     22  second knife shaft     23  frame     24  scraper     25  bearing (of the knife shaft)     26  flange (of the knife shaft)     27  first side wall     28  second side wall     29  first end wall     30  second end wall     31  distance space (of the scrapers)     32  distance bushing (on the shaft)     33  knife disk     34  axis of rotation     35  reinforcing rib     36  bore (in the flange)     37  main body     37   a  main body     38  bridge     38   a  bridge     39  play-reduced bearing     40  longitudinal side (of the main body)     41  first limb (of the main body)     42  second limb (of the main body)     43  bore (of the limb/main body)     44  bracket with pivotable threaded rod     45  threaded bore (in the longitudinal side/main body)     46  semicircular recess (in the main body)     46   a  semicircular recess (in the main body)     47  longitudinal side (in the bridge)     48  limb (in the bridge)     49  semicircular recess (in the bridge)     49   a  semicircular recess (in the bridge)     50  threaded bore (in the end wall of the bridge)     51  receptacle (in the bridge)     52  threaded bore (in the longitudinal side of the bridge)     53  bearing plate     54  first bolt leadthrough (in the bearing plate)     55  second bolt leadthrough (in the bearing plate)     56  shaft leadthrough (in the bearing plate)     57  standing foot     58  opening (in the bearing plate for connection of a crane)     59  threaded bore (in the scraper)     60  hook (in the scraper)     61  carrier     61   a  clearance (for carrier)     62  strip     63  bore (in the strip)     64  threaded bolt     65  screw (in the scraper)     66  first semicircular bore (for securing bolt)     67  second semicircular bore (for securing bolt)     68  securing bolt     69  screw     70  shaft     71  bearing ring     72  screw

Technology Category: 7