Patent Document

This application is a continuation of applicant&#39;s co-pending U.S. application Ser. No. 11/794,750, filed on Jul. 3, 2007 which claims the benefit under U.S.C. §365 of International Application PCT/US2005/038751, filed on Oct. 26, 2005. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates generally to transmitting video or other services data over a network. More specifically, the present invention relates to a system for delivering satellite services at multiple security levels. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     This section is intended to introduce the reader to various aspects of art, which may be related to various aspects of the present invention that are described and/or claimed below. This discussion is believed to be helpful in providing the reader with background information to facilitate a better understanding of the various aspects of the present invention. Accordingly, it should be understood that these statements are to be read in this light, and not as admissions of prior art. 
     As most people are aware, satellite television systems, such as DirecTV, have become much more widespread over the past few years. In fact, since the introduction of DirecTV in 1994, more than twelve million American homes have become satellite TV subscribers. Most of these subscribers live in single-family homes where satellite dishes are relatively easy to install and connect. For example, the satellite dish may be installed on the roof of the house. 
     Many potential subscribers, however, live or temporarily reside in multi-dwelling units (“MDUs”), such as hotels or high-rise apartment buildings. Unfortunately, there are additional challenges involved with providing satellite TV services to the individual dwelling units within an MDU. It may be impractical and/or extremely expensive to provide and connect one satellite dish per dwelling. For example, in a high-rise apartment building with one thousand apartments, it may be impractical to mount one thousand satellite dishes on the roof of the building. Some conventional systems have avoided these issues by converting the digital satellite television signal into an analog signal that can be transmitted via a single coaxial cable to a plurality of dwellings. These systems, however, offer limited channels, have reduced quality compared to all-digital systems, and cannot provide the satellite TV experience that users who live in single family homes are accustomed. 
     An improved system and/or method for providing satellite TV to a multi-dwelling unit is desirable. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Certain aspects commensurate in scope with the originally claimed invention are set forth below. It should be understood that these aspects are presented merely to provide the reader with a brief summary of certain forms the invention might take and that these aspects are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Indeed, the invention may encompass a variety of aspects that may not be set forth below. 
     The disclosed embodiments relate to a system and method for delivering satellite services at multiple security levels. More specifically, there is provided a method comprising determining a level of security supported by a first set top box ( 22   a ), encoding a first IP packet containing a satellite service using the level of security supported by the first set top box ( 22   a ), transmitting the first IP encoded packet to the first set top box ( 22   a ), determining a level of security supported by a second set top box ( 22   b ), wherein the level of security supported by the second set top box ( 22   b ) is different from the level of security of the first set top box ( 22   a ), encoding a second IP packet containing a satellite service using the level of security supported by the second set top box ( 22   b ); and transmitting the second encoded IP packet to the second set top box ( 22   b ). 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Advantages of the invention may become apparent upon reading the following detailed description and upon reference to the drawings in which: 
         FIG. 1  is a block diagram of an exemplary satellite television over IP system in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 2  is another embodiment of the exemplary satellite television over IP system illustrated in FIG.; and 
         FIG. 3  is a block diagram of an exemplary satellite gateway of the present invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     One or more specific embodiments of the present invention will be described below. 
     In an effort to provide a concise description of these embodiments, not all features of an actual implementation are described in the specification. It should be appreciated that in the development of any such actual implementation, as in any engineering or design project, numerous implementation-specific decisions must be made to achieve the developers&#39; specific goals, such as compliance with system-related and business-related constraints, which may vary from one implementation to another. Moreover, it should be appreciated that such a development effort might be complex and time consuming, but would nevertheless be a routine undertaking of design, fabrication, and manufacture for those of ordinary skill having the benefit of this disclosure. 
     Turning to  FIG. 1 , a block diagram of an exemplary satellite television over IP system in accordance with one embodiment is illustrated and generally designated by a reference numeral  10 . As illustrated, in one embodiment, the system  10  may include one or more satellite dishes  12   a  through  12   m , a head-end unit, such as a satellite gateway  14 , an IP distribution network  20 , and one or more set top boxes (“STBs”)  22   a  through  22   n . Those of ordinary skill in the art, however, will appreciate that the embodiment of the system  10  illustrated in  FIG. 1  is merely one potential embodiment of the system  10 . As such, in alternate embodiments, the illustrated components of the system  10  may be rearranged or omitted or additional components may be added to the system  10 . For example, with minor modifications, the system  10  may configured to distributed non-satellite video and audio services. 
     The satellite dishes  12   a - 12   m  may be configured to receive video, audio, or other types of television-related data that is transmitted from satellites orbiting the earth. As will be described further below, in one embodiment the satellite dishes  12   a - 12   m  are configured to receive DirecTV programming over KU band from 10.7 to 12.75 Gigahertz (“GHz”). In alternate embodiments, however, the satellite dishes  12   a - 12   m  may be configured to receive other types of direct broadcast satellites (“DBS”) or television receive-only (“TVRO”) signal, such as Dish Network signals, ExpressVu signals, StarChoice signals, and the like. In still other non-satellite based systems, the satellite dishes  12   a - 12   m  may be omitted from the system  10 . 
     In one embodiment, a low noise-block converter (“LNC”) within the satellite dishes  12   a - 12   m  receives the incoming signal from the earth-orbiting satellite and converts these incoming signals to a frequency in the L band between 950 and 2150 Megahertz (“MHz”). As will be described in further detail below with regard to  FIG. 2 , each of the satellites  12   a - 12   m  may be configured to receive one or more incoming satellite TV signals on a particular frequency (referred to as a transponder) and with a particular polarization and to convert these satellite signals to L band signals, each of which may contain a plurality of video or audio signals. 
     The satellite dishes  12   a - 12   m  may be configured to transmit the L band signals to a head-end unit or gateway server, such as the satellite gateway  14 . In alternate, non-satellite embodiments, the head-end unit may be a cable television receiver, a high definition television receiver, or other video distribution system 
     The satellite gateway  14  includes a satellite tuning, demodulating, and demultiplexing module  16  and an IP wrapper module  18 . The module  16  may contain a plurality of tuners, demodulators, and demultiplexers to convert the modulated and multiplexed L band signals transmitted from the satellites  12   a - 12   m  into a plurality single program transport streams (“SPTS”), each of which carries a service (e.g., television channel video, television channel audio, program guides, and so forth). In one embodiment, the module  16  is configured to produce a single program transport stream for all of the services received by the satellite dishes  12   a - 12   m . In an alternate embodiment, however, the module  16  may produce transport streams for only a subset of the services received by the satellite dishes  12   a - 12   m.    
     The satellite tuning, demodulating, and demultiplexing module  16  may transmit the SPTS to the IP wrapper module  18 . In one embodiment, the IP wrapper module  18  repackages the data within the SPTS into a plurality of internet protocol (“IP”) packets suitable for transmission over the IP distribution network  20 . For example, the IP wrapper module  18  may convert DirecTV protocol packets within the SPTS into IP packets. In addition, the IP wrapper module  18  may be configured to receive server requests from the STBs  22   a - 22   n  and to multicast (i.e., broadcast to one or more of the STBs  22   a - 22   n  over an IP address) the IP SPTS to those STBs  22   a - 22   n  that had requested the particular service. 
     In an alternative embodiment, the IP wrapper module  18  may also be configured to multicast IP protocol SPTS for services not requested by one of the STBs  22   a - 22   n . It should be noted that the modules  16  and  18  are merely one exemplary embodiment of the satellite gateway  14 . In alternate embodiments, such as the one described below in regard to  FIGS. 2 and 3 , the functions of the modules  16  and  18  may be redistributed or consolidated amongst a variety of suitable components or modules. 
     The IP distribution network  20  may include one or more routers, switches, modem, splitters, or bridges. For example, in one embodiment, the satellite gateway  14  may be coupled to a master distribution frame (“MDF”) that is coupled to an intermediate distribution frame (“IDF”) that is coupled to a coax to Ethernet bridge that is coupled to a router that is coupled to one or more of the STBs  22   a - 22   n . In another embodiment, the IP distribution network  20  may be an MDF that is coupled to a Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer (“DSLAM”) that is coupled to a DSL modem that is coupled to a router. In yet another embodiment, the IP distribution network may include a wireless network, such as 802.11 or WiMax network. In this type of embodiment, the STBs  22   a - 22   n  may include a wireless receiver configured to receive the multicast IP packets. Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the above-described embodiments are merely exemplary. As such in alternate embodiments, a large number of suitable forms of IP distribution networks may be employed in the system  10 . 
     The IP distribution network  20  may be coupled to one or more STBs  22   a - 22   n . The STBs  22   a - 22   n  may be any suitable type of video, audio, and/or other data receiver capable of receiving IP packets, such as the IP SPTS, over the IP distribution network  20 . It will be appreciated the term set top box (“STB”), as used herein, may encompass not only devices that sit upon televisions. Rather the STBs  22   a - 22   n  may be any suitable form of video or audio receiver, whether internal or external to a television, display, or computer, that can be configured to function as described herein—including, but not limited to a video components, computers, wireless telephones, or other forms video recorder. In one embodiment, the STBs  22   a - 22   n  may be a DirecTV receiver configured to receive services, such as video and/or audio, through an Ethernet port (amongst other inputs). In alternate embodiments, the STBs  22   a - 22   n  may be designed and/or configured to receive the multicast transmission over coaxial cable, twisted pair, copper wire, or through the air via a wireless standard, such as the I.E.E.E. 802.11 standard. 
     As discussed above, the system  10  may receive video, audio, and/or other data transmitted by satellites in space and process/convert this data for distribution over the IP distribution network  20 . Accordingly,  FIG. 2  is another embodiment of the exemplary satellite television over IP system  10  in accordance with one embodiment.  FIG. 2  illustrates three exemplary satellite dishes  12   a - 12   c . Each of the satellite dishes  12   a - 12   c  may be configured to receive signals from one or more of the orbiting satellites. Those of ordinary skill will appreciate that the satellites and the signals that are transmitted from the satellites are often referred to by the orbital slots in which the satellites reside. For example, the satellite dish  12   a  is configured to receive signals from a DirecTV satellite disposed in an orbital slot of 101 degrees. Likewise, the satellite dish  12   b  receives signals from a satellite disposed at 119 degrees, and the satellite dish  12   c  receives signals from a satellite disposed at orbital slot of 110 degrees. It will be appreciated that in alternate embodiments, the satellite dishes  12   a - 12   c  may receive signals from a plurality of other satellites disclosed in a variety of orbital slots, such as the 95 degree orbital slot. In addition, the satellite dishes  12   a - 12   c  may also be configured to receive polarized satellite signals. For example, in  FIG. 2 , the satellite dish  12   a  is configured to receive signals that are both left polarized (illustrated in the figure as “ 101  L”) and right polarized (illustrated as “ 101  R”). 
     As described above in regard to  FIG. 1 , the satellite dishes  12   a - 12   c  may receive satellite signals in the KU band and convert these signals into L band signals that are transmitted to the satellite gateway  14 . In some embodiments, however, the L band signals produced by the satellite dishes  12   a - 12   c  may be merged into fewer signals or split into more signals prior to reaching the satellite gateway  14 . For example, as illustrated in  FIG. 2 , L band signals from the satellite dishes  12   b  and  12   c  may be merged by a switch  24  into a single L band signal containing L band signals from both the satellite at 110 degrees and the satellite at 119 degrees. 
     As illustrated, the system  10  may also include a plurality of 1:2 splitters  26   a ,  26   b ,  26   c , and  26   d  to divide the L band signals transmitted from the satellite dishes  12   a - 12   c  into two L band signals, each of which include half of the services of the pre-split L band signal. In alternate embodiments, the 1:2 splitters  26   a - 26   b  may be omitted or integrated into the satellite gateways  14   a  and  14   b.    
     The newly split L band signals may be transmitted from the 1:2 splitters  26   a - 26   d  into the satellite gateways  14   a  and  14   b . The embodiment of the system  10  illustrated in  FIG. 2  includes two of the satellite gateways  14   a  and  14   b . In alternate embodiments, however, the system  10  may include any suitable number of satellite gateways  14 . For example, in one embodiment, the system may include three satellite gateways  14 . 
     The satellite gateways  14   a  and  14   b  may then further subdivide the L band signals and then tune to one or more services on the L band signal to produce one or more SPTS that may be repackaged into IP packets and multicast over the IP distribution network  20 . In addition, one or more of the satellite gateways  14   a ,  14   b  may also be coupled to a public switch telephone network (“PSTN”)  28 . Because the satellite gateways  14   a, b  are coupled to the PSTN  28 , the STBs  22   a - 22   n  may be able to communicate with a satellite service provider through the IP distribution network  20  and the satellite gateways  14   a, b . This functionality may advantageously eliminate the need to have each individual STBs  22   a - 22   n  coupled directly to the PSTN  28 . 
     The IP distribution network  20  may also be coupled to an internet service provider (“ISP”)  30 . In one embodiment, the IP distribution network  20  may be employed to provide internet services, such as high-speed data access, to the STBs  22   a - 22   n  and/or other suitable devices (not shown) that are coupled to the IP distribution network  20 . 
     As described above, the satellite gateways  14   a, b  may be configured to receive the plurality of L band signals, to produce a plurality of SPTS, and to multicast requested SPTS over the IP distribution network  20 . Referring now to  FIG. 3 , a block diagram of an exemplary satellite gateway  14  is shown. As illustrated, the satellite gateway  14   a, b  includes a power supply  40 , two front-ends  41   a  and  41   b  and a back-end  52 . The power supply  40  may be any one of a number of industry-standard AC or DC power supplies configurable to enable the front-ends  41   a, b  and the back-end  52  to perform the functions described below. 
     The satellite gateway  14   a, b  may also include two front-ends  41   a, b . In one embodiment, each of the front-ends,  41   a, b  may be configured to receive two L band signal inputs from the 1:2 splitters  26   a - 26   d  that were described above in regards to  FIG. 2 . For example, the front-end  41   a  may receive two L band signals from the 1:2 splitter  26   a  and the front-end  41   b  may receive two L band signals from the 1:2 splitter  26   b . In one embodiment, each of the L band inputs into the front-end  41   a, b  includes eight or fewer services. 
     The front-ends  41   a, b  may then further sub-divide the L band inputs using 1:4 L band splitters  42   a ,  42   b ,  42   c , and  42   d . Once subdivided, the L band signals may pass into four banks  44   a ,  44   b ,  44   c , and  44   d  of dual tuner links. Each of the dual tuner links within the banks  44   a - 44   d  may be configured to tune to two services within the L band signals received by that individual dual tuner links to produce SPTS. Each of the dual tuner links may then transmit the SPTS to one of the low-voltage differential signaling (“LVDS”) drivers  48   a ,  48   b ,  48   c , and  48   d . The LVDS drivers  48   a - 48   d  may be configured to amplify the transport signals for transmission to the back-end  52 . In alternate embodiments, different forms of differential drivers and/or amplifiers may be employed in place of the LVDS drivers  48   a - 48   d . Other embodiments may employ serialization of all of the transport signals together for routing to the back end  52 . 
     As illustrated, the front-ends  41   a, b  may also include microprocessors  46   a  and  46   b . In one embodiment, the microprocessors  46   a, b  may control and/or relay commands to the banks  44   a - 44   d  of dual tuner links and the 1:4 L band splitters  42   a - 42   d . The microprocessors  46   a, b  may comprise ST10 microprocessors produce by ST Microelectronics. The microprocessors  46   a, b  may be coupled to LVDS receiver and transmitter modules  50   a  and  50   b . The LVDS receiver/transmitter modules  50   a, b  may facilitate communications between the microprocessors  46   a, b  and components on the back-end  52 , as will be described further below. 
     Turning next to the back-end  52 , the back-end  52  includes LVDS receivers  54   a ,  54   b ,  54   c , and  54   d , which are configured to receive transport stream signals transmitted by the LVDS drivers  48   a - 48   d . The back-end  52  also includes LVDS receiver/transmitter modules  56   a  and  56   b  which are configured to communicate with the LVDS receiver/transmitter modules  50   a, b.    
     As illustrated, the LVDS receivers  54   a - 54   d  and the LVDS receiver/transmitters  56   a, b  are configured to communicate with transport processors  58   a  and  58   b . In one embodiment, the transport processors  58   a, b  are configured to receive the SPTS produced by the dual tuner links in the front-ends  41   a, b . For example, in one embodiment, the transport processors  58   a, b  may be configured to produce 16 SPTS. The transport processors  58   a, b  may be configured to repack the SPTS into IP packets which can be multicast over the IP distribution network  20 . For example, the transport processors  58   a, b  may repackage DirecTV protocol packets into IP protocol packets and then multicast these IP packets on an IP address to one or more of the STBs  22   a - 22   n    
     The transport processors  58   a, b  may also be coupled to a bus  62 , such as a 32 bit, 66 MHz peripheral component interconnect (“PCI”) bus. Through the bus  62 , the transport processors  58   a, b  may communicate with a network processor  70 , an Ethernet interface  84 , and/or an expansion slot  66 . The network processor  70  may be configured to receive requests for services from the STBs  22   a - 22   n  and to direct the transport processors  58   a, b  to multicast the requested services. In one embodiment, the network processor is an IXP425 network processor produced by Intel. While not illustrated, the network processor  70  may also be configured to transmit status data to a front panel of the satellite gateway  14   a,b  or to support debugging or monitoring of the satellite gateway  14   a, b  through debug ports. 
     As illustrated, the transport processors  58   a, b  may also be coupled to the Ethernet interface  68  via the bus  62 . In one embodiment, the Ethernet interface  68  is a gigabit Ethernet interface that provides either a copper wire or fiber-optic interface to the IP distribution network  20 . In addition, the bus  62  may also be coupled to an expansion slot, such as a PCI expansion slot to enable the upgrade or expansion of the satellite gateway  14   a, b.    
     The transport processors  58   a, b  may also be coupled to a host bus  64 . In one embodiment, the host bus  64  is a 16-bit data bus that connects the transport processors  58   a, b  to a modem  72 , which may be configured to communicate over the PSTN  28 , as described above. In alternate embodiments, the modem  72  may also be coupled to the bus  62 . 
     As described above, the satellite gateway  14  may transmit the IP packets across the IP distribution network  20  to the STBs  22   a - 22   n . In one embodiment, the satellite gateway  14  is configured to transmit IP packets using two or more levels of security (e.g., encryption) depending on the capabilities of each of the STBs  22   a - 22   n . More specifically, the satellite gateway  14  may be configured to multicast satellite services to each one of the STBs  22   a - 22   n  at a security level supported by that particular STB. For example, if an STB operating at a lower level of security (i.e., less encryption), requests a particular satellite service (CNN, for example), the satellite gateway  14  may generate a multicast of CNN with the IP packets in the multicast encrypted at the lower security level. If, at the same time, another one of the STBs  22   a - 22   n  operating at a higher level of security (i.e., more encryption) also requests to receive CNN, the satellite gateway  14  may generate another multicast of CNN using the higher level of security. In one embodiment, the satellite gateway  14  may be configured to generate three different levels of security: network encryption, network encryption plus partial advanced encryption standard (“AES”), and network encryption plus full AES encryption (128-bit key encryption). In alternate embodiments, however, alternate encryption techniques or security schemes may be employed. 
     As stated above, the satellite gateway  14  may be configured to generate different multicasts to the STBs  22   a - 22   n  depending on the security capabilities supported by each of the STBs  22   a - 22   n . In one embodiment, the satellite gateway  14  is configured to request the security capabilities supported by each of the STBs  22   a - 22   n  when that particular STB is coupled (via the IP distribution network  20 ) to the satellite gateway  14 . In this embodiment, the satellite gateway  14  may store the security capabilities of each of the STBs  22   a - 22   n  and access these stored security capabilities when one of the STBs  22   a - 22   n  requests satellite services from the satellite gateway  14 . In another embodiment, the satellite gateway  14  may look at the hardware and/or software characteristics of a particular one of the STBs  22   a - 22   n  when that particular STB requests satellite services from the satellite gateway  14 . In yet another embodiment, the satellite gateway  14  may be configured to query the requesting STB  22   a - 22   n  about its security capabilities. 
     While the invention may be susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiments have been shown by way of example in the drawings and will be described in detail herein. However, it should be understood that the invention is not intended to be limited to the particular forms disclosed. Rather, the invention is to cover all modifications, equivalents and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the following appended claims.

Technology Category: h