Patent Document

PRIORITY CLAIM 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/611,289, filed on Nov. 3, 2009, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 8,045,449, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/749,903, filed on Dec. 29, 2003, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,649,833, both of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     Embodiments pertain to wireless communications, and some embodiments pertain to orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) communications. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Many modern digital communication systems, including wireless local-area networks (WLANs), are using symbol-modulated orthogonal subcarriers as a modulation scheme to help signals survive in environments having multipath reflections and/or strong interference. Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) is an example of a multi-carrier transmission technique that uses symbol-modulated orthogonal subcarriers to transmit information within an available spectrum. 
     One problem with many WLAN receivers, including OFDM receivers, is that they are limited by their hardware configuration as to the particular channels they can receive as well as the bandwidth of those channels. This leaves such receivers inflexible as to tradeoffs between throughput and range. WLAN receivers, including OFDM receivers, should be able to receive both legacy channels, such as channels in accordance with Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) standard 802.11 (a), as well as wideband channels for high-throughput operations. These requirements make it difficult to make tradeoffs between throughput and range, especially when operating in high-throughput and/or wideband modes. Thus, there are general needs for transceivers, including receivers, and methods of communicating OFDM signals that provide flexibility between throughput and range in WLANs. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIGS. 1A &amp; 1B  are block diagrams of a receiver in accordance with some embodiments; 
         FIGS. 2A &amp; 2B  are block diagrams of a receiver in accordance with some embodiments; 
         FIGS. 3A &amp; 3B  are block diagrams of a receiver in accordance with some embodiments; and 
         FIG. 4  is a flow chart of an OFDM signal reception procedure in accordance with some embodiments. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The following description and the drawings illustrate specific embodiments sufficiently to enable those skilled in the art to practice them. Other embodiments may incorporate structural, logical, electrical, process, and other changes. Examples merely typify possible variations. Individual components and functions are optional unless explicitly required, and the sequence of operations may vary. Portions and features of some embodiments may be included in or substituted for those of others. 
       FIGS. 1A &amp; 1B ,  FIGS. 2A &amp; 2B , and  FIGS. 3A &amp; 3B  illustrate some embodiments of various receiver configurations in accordance with some embodiments. Receiver configurations  100  ( FIGS. 1A &amp; 1B ),  200  ( FIGS. 2A &amp; 2B ) and  300  ( FIGS. 3A &amp; 3B ) may be part of a wireless communication device, and they may receive orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (e.g., OFDM) communication signals. In some embodiments, the receivers may receive an OFDM packet comprising several OFDM symbols over a wideband communication channel. The wideband channel may comprise one or more subchannels. The subchannels may be frequency-division multiplexed (i.e., separated in frequency) and may be within a predetermined frequency spectrum. The subchannels may comprise a plurality of orthogonal subcarriers. In some embodiments, the orthogonal subcarriers of a subchannel may be closely spaced OFDM subcarriers. To achieve orthogonality between closely spaced subcarriers, in these embodiments, the subcarriers of a particular subchannel may have a null at substantially a center frequency of the other subcarriers of that subchannel. 
     Receiver configurations  100  ( FIGS. 1A &amp; 1B ),  200  ( FIGS. 2A &amp; 2B ) and  300  ( FIGS. 3A &amp; 3B ) may be reconfigurable multichannel receivers that may selectively operate in increased throughput modes and/or increased range modes. In some embodiments, receiver configuration  100  ( FIGS. 1A &amp; 1B ) may select two or more antennas from a plurality of spatially diverse antennas to receive more than one subchannel of a wideband OFDM channel. Maximum-ratio combining may be performed on corresponding symbol-modulated subcarriers from the two or more antennas, and a single OFDM symbol may be determined from contributions from the subchannels received by the two or more antennas. In other embodiments, receiver configuration  200  ( FIGS. 2A &amp; 2B ) may receive more than one subchannel of a wideband OFDM channel with a single antenna selected from a plurality of spatially diverse antennas. In some other embodiments, receiver configuration  300  ( FIGS. 3A &amp; 3B ) may receive a single subchannel with more than one of a plurality of spatially diverse antennas and maximum-ratio combining may be performed on corresponding symbol-modulated subcarriers received by the different antennas. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, receiver configurations  100  ( FIGS. 1A &amp; 1B ),  200  ( FIGS. 2A &amp; 2B ) and  300  ( FIGS. 3A &amp; 3B ) may receive symbol-modulated subcarriers in accordance with individual subcarrier modulation assignments. This may be referred to as adaptive bit loading (ABL). Accordingly, one or more bits may be represented by a symbol modulated on a subcarrier. The modulation assignments for the individual subchannels may be based on the channel characteristics or channel conditions for that subcarrier, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. In some embodiments, the subcarrier modulation assignments may range from zero bits per symbol to up to ten or more bits per symbol. In terms of modulation levels, the subcarrier modulation assignments may comprise binary phase shift keying (BPSK), which communicates one bit per symbol, quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), which communicates two bits per symbol, 8PSK, which communicates three bits per symbol, 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (16-QAM), which communicates four bits per symbol, 32-QAM, which communicates five bits per symbol, 64-QAM, which communicates six bits per symbol, 128-QAM, which communicates seven bits per symbol, and 256-QAM, which communicates eight bits per symbol. Modulation orders with higher data communication rates per subcarrier may also be used. 
     An OFDM symbol may be viewed as the combination of the symbols modulated on the individual subcarriers. Because of the variable number of bits per symbol-modulated subcarrier and the variable number of subchannels that may comprise a wideband channel, the number of bits per OFDM symbol received by the receivers may vary greatly. For example, in some embodiments, a receiver may receive over a wideband channel that may comprise up to four or more subchannels having bandwidths of approximately 20 MHz, and each of the subchannels may have up to 48 or more orthogonal data subcarriers having a spacing therebetween of approximately 312.5 kHz. In other embodiments, a receiver may receive an OFDM symbol over a single subchannel. 
     In some embodiments, the frequency spectrums for a wideband channel may comprise subchannels in either a 5 GHz frequency spectrum or a 2.4 GHz frequency spectrum. In these embodiments, the 5 GHz frequency spectrum may include frequencies ranging from approximately 4.9 to 5.9 GHz, and the 2.4 GHz spectrum may include frequencies ranging from approximately 2.3 to 2.5 GHz, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect, as other frequency spectrums are also equally suitable. 
     In some embodiments, receiver configurations  100  ( FIGS. 1A &amp; 1B ),  200  ( FIGS. 2A &amp; 2B ) and  300  ( FIGS. 3A &amp; 3B ) may be part of a personal digital assistant (PDA), a laptop or portable computer with wireless communication capability, a web tablet, a wireless telephone, a wireless headset, a pager, an instant messaging device, a digital camera, an access point or other device that may receive and/or transmit information wirelessly. In some embodiments, the receivers may receive radio-frequency communications in accordance with specific communication standards, such as the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) standards including the IEEE 802.11(a), 802.11(b), 802.11(g/h) and/or 802.16 standards for wireless local area network communications, although the receivers may also be suitable to receive communications in accordance with other techniques including the Digital Video Broadcasting Terrestrial (DVB-T) broadcasting standard, and the High performance radio Local Area Network (HiperLAN) standard. 
     In some embodiments, the receivers may use up to four spatially diverse antennas to exploit up to four 20 MHz channels. In some embodiments, a 20 MHz channel may be referred to as a single subchannel of a wideband channel. 
     In accordance with some embodiments of receiver configuration  100  ( FIGS. 1A &amp; 1B ), two 20 MHz subchannels may be used to support wideband channel operation of 40 MHz bandwidth with adaptive maximum-ratio combining on each subcarrier involving two active antennas. In some of these embodiments, receiver configuration  100  may simultaneously implement an antenna selection technique that chooses a pair of active antennas with the best receiving conditions from four antennas. These embodiments may provide a throughput of up to 108 Mbps with mid-range operation capabilities, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. In some embodiments, receiver configuration  100  may be part of a transceiver that may choose the two least loaded subchannels of four subchannels for data transmission to help reduce collisions. 
     In accordance with some embodiments of receiver configuration  200  ( FIGS. 2A &amp; 2B ), four 20 MHz subchannels may be used to support wideband channel operations of 80 MHz bandwidth with adaptive antenna selection that may choose one antenna with the best receiving conditions of four antennas for transmitting and/or receiving. These embodiments may provide a throughput of up to 216 Mbps with a possible reduction in range, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. 
     In accordance with some embodiments of receiver configuration  200  ( FIGS. 2A &amp; 2B ), three 20 MHz subchannels may be used to support wideband channel operation of 60 MHz bandwidth with adaptive antenna selection that may choose one antenna with the best receiving conditions of four for transmitting and/or receiving. These embodiments may provide a throughput up to 162 Mbps with an improved range, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. 
     In accordance with some embodiments of receiver configuration  300  ( FIGS. 3A &amp; 3B ), one subchannel may be received with four antennas with adaptive maximum-ratio combining on each subcarrier. In these embodiments, receiver configuration  300  may support transceiver configurations with possibly significantly improved range capabilities and throughput of up to 54 Mbps, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. In some embodiments, receiver configuration  300  may be part of a transceiver that may choose a least loaded subchannel of four band subchannels for data transmission to help reducing collisions. 
     Although receiver configurations  100  ( FIGS. 1A &amp; 1B ),  200  ( FIGS. 2A &amp; 2B ) and  300  ( FIGS. 3A &amp; 3B ) are illustrated separately, in some embodiments, a single reconfigurable receiver that may operate in accordance with the functionality of receiver configurations  100  ( FIGS. 1A &amp; 1B ),  200  ( FIGS. 2A &amp; 2B ) and  300  ( FIGS. 3A &amp; 3B ) is provided. In addition, embodiments also include transceivers that comprise transmitter circuitry, as well as receiver circuitry, to transmit communication signals that may be received by receivers in accordance with receiver configurations  100  ( FIGS. 1A &amp; 1B ),  200  ( FIGS. 2A &amp; 2B ) and/or  300  ( FIGS. 3A &amp; 3B ). 
     In referring to  FIGS. 1A &amp; 1B , receiver configuration  100  includes antenna selection (AS) circuitry  104  to select more than one antenna of a plurality of spatially diverse antennas  102   a - d  to receive an orthogonal frequency division multiplexed symbol over a wideband channel. The wideband channel may comprise more than one of a plurality of frequency-separated subchannels. Receiver configuration  100  may also include combining circuitry  124  to combine corresponding frequency domain symbol-modulated subcarriers  123  from the selected antennas to generate combined symbol-modulated subcarriers  125  and  127  for each subchannel of the wideband channel. 
     In some embodiments, antenna selection circuitry  104  may select a first antenna of the plurality of antennas  102   a - d  to receive two subchannels of a wideband channel, and the antenna selection circuitry  104  may also select a second antenna of the plurality of antennas  102   a - d  to further receive the two subchannels of the wideband channel. In some embodiments, antenna selection circuitry  104  may select two of antennas to receive two subchannels simultaneously. In some embodiments, antenna selection circuitry  104  may select the first and the second antennas based on a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of signals in the wideband channel. In some embodiments, antenna selection circuitry  104  may select the first and the second antennas based on an average SNR of signals in the wideband channel. In some embodiments, antenna selection circuitry may select the two antennas with the best average SNR for both subchannels. 
     Receiver configuration  100  may utilize low-noise amplifiers (LNAs)  106   a - b  for each selected antenna to amplify RF signals of more than one subchannel, and downconversion circuitry  108  to individually downconvert RF signals for each subchannel that is received through each antenna. For example, when two subchannels are received through two of antennas  102   a - d , receiver configuration  100  may include first downconversion circuitry  108   a  to downconvert RF signals of the first subchannel received by the first antenna, second downconversion circuitry  108   b  to downconvert RF signals of the second subchannel received by the first antenna, third downconversion circuitry  108   c  to downconvert RF signals of the first subchannel received by the second antenna, and fourth downconversion circuitry  108   d  to downconvert RF signals of the second subchannel received by the second antenna. In embodiments, first low-noise amplifier  106   a  may amplify the RF signals from the first antenna, and second low-noise amplifier  106   b  may amplify the RF signals from the second antenna, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. As illustrated, downconversion circuitry  108  may provide both in-phase (I-channel) components and quadrature-phase (Q-channel) components, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. 
     In some embodiments, heterodyne frequency generating circuitry  110  may selectively generate one or more heterodyne frequencies to convert RF signals of the particular subchannels to baseband. The particular heterodyne frequency may depend on the particular subchannel. In some embodiments when two subchannels are received through two of antennas  102   a - d , heterodyne frequency generating circuitry  110  may provide a first heterodyne frequency to first and third downconversion circuitry  108   a  and  108   c  to downconvert a first subchannel to baseband, and heterodyne frequency generating circuitry  110  may provide a second heterodyne frequency to second and fourth downconversion circuitry  108   b  and  108   d  to downconvert a second subchannel to baseband. 
     In some embodiments, heterodyne frequency generating circuitry  110  may comprise a fixed frequency voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) to generate a constant reference frequency, and a direct digital synthesizer (DDS) to generate a selected one of a plurality of stepped frequencies. Heterodyne frequency generating circuitry  110  may also comprise a frequency combiner to combine the reference frequency and the selected one of the stepped frequencies to generate the proper heterodyne frequency for each downconversion circuitry  108 . In some embodiments, heterodyne frequency generating circuitry  110  may further comprise a phase-locked loop (PLL) synthesizer and a frequency divider to operate with the VCO to generate the heterodyne frequencies. Other configurations for selectively generating heterodyne frequencies may also be suitable for use with embodiments. 
     Receiver configuration  100  may also include low-pass filters (LPFs)  112   a - d  to filter and/or accumulate signal information received from associated downconversion circuitry  108  and analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) circuitry  114   a - d  to generate digital signals  115  for each subchannel received through each antenna. In some embodiments, digital signals  115  may comprise a serial symbol stream for each subchannel received through each antenna. Digital signals  115  provided by portion  118  of receiver configuration  100  may be processed in digital signal processing circuitry  116  to demodulate an OFDM symbol. In some embodiments, analog-to-digital conversion circuitry  114   a - d  may provide a serial symbol stream for both the I and Q channel components. In the embodiments illustrated in  FIGS. 1A &amp; 1B , four single channel pipelines (SCPs) are shown. A single channel pipeline is shown for each of two subchannels that are received by each of the two antennas; however the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. 
     In some embodiments, receiver configuration  100  may also include circuitry  120   a - d  to remove a cyclic extension and/or guard interval (GI) from the serial symbol streams provided by analog-to-digital conversion circuitry  114   a - d , although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. Serial symbol streams  121  may be converted to a parallel form for processing by fast Fourier transform (FFT) circuitry  122   a - d . FFT circuitry  122   a - d  may perform a fast Fourier transform on the parallel groups of time-domain samples to generate frequency domain symbol-modulated subcarriers  123 . In some embodiments, FFT circuitry  122   a - d  may also generate a channel estimate for each subcarrier of the received subchannels based on receipt of training symbols, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. 
     Combining circuitry  124  may combine corresponding frequency domain symbol-modulated subcarriers of the same subchannel (received by different antennas) to generate combined symbol-modulated subcarriers  125  and  127 . In some embodiments, combined symbol-modulated subcarriers  125  may be associated with a first subchannel, and combined symbol-modulated subcarriers  127  may be associated with a second subchannel, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. 
     In some embodiments, combining circuitry  124  comprises maximum-ratio combining (MRC) circuitry having complex (i.e., I and Q) weighters  130   a - d  to weight the frequency domain symbol-modulated subcarriers prior to proportionally combining the corresponding frequency domain symbol-modulated subcarriers substantially proportional to their signal strength in combiners  132 . In these embodiments, weighters  130   a - d  may, in addition to weighting, correct, adjust and/or phase-rotate a frequency domain symbol-modulated subcarrier to allow coherent signal combining in combiners  132 . 
     Receiver configuration  100  may also include equalizer circuitry  126   a - b  to perform a channel equalization on symbol-modulated subcarriers  125  and  127 , which may be received in parallel for each subcarrier. The channel equalization may be based on channel estimates provided by the FFT circuitry. In some embodiments, equalizer circuitry  126   a - b  may perform separate channel equalizations on the combined symbol-modulated subcarriers of an associated subchannel provided by the combining circuitry, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. 
     In some embodiments, equalizer circuitry  126   a - b  may perform a channel equalization for further demapping the combined symbol-modulated subcarriers of each subchannel to generate parallel groups of bits from the subcarriers. Additional processing circuitry  128  may generate a single decoded bit stream, which may represent the orthogonal frequency division multiplexed symbol, from the parallel groups of bits of more than one subchannel. In some embodiments, additional processing circuitry  128  may include demapping circuitry, deinterleaving circuitry and/or decoding circuitry to generate the demodulated OFDM symbol. In some embodiments, subcanier demappers may demap the subcarriers of each subchannel in accordance with individual subcarrier modulation assignments particular to the subchannel to generate the parallel groups of bits. In some embodiments, a parallel-to-serial conversion may be performed prior to deinterleaving and/or decoding, and decoded bit stream  129  may be generated. 
     In some embodiments, the channel estimates generated by FFT circuitry  122   a - d  may comprise a channel response across the channel bandwidth. The channel estimates may be measured based on a channel-sounding preamble and may include a channel estimate for each subcarrier frequency. In some embodiments, FFT circuitry  122   a - d  may perform an FFT on known training symbols (e.g., the long training symbols) so that a channel estimation may be determined for each subchannel. In some embodiments, equalizer circuitry  126   a - b  may perform a channel equalization in the frequency domain with complex values that represent the channel estimate so that magnitudes of the frequency domain symbol-modulated subcarriers may be normalized and the phases of the frequency domain symbol-modulated subcarriers may be aligned to a zero origin to allow for further processing by circuitry  128 . 
     In some embodiments, FFT circuitry  122   a - d  may comprise first FFT circuitry  122   a  to perform an FFT on parallel groups of time domain samples of a first subchannel from the first antenna to generate frequency domain symbol-modulated subcarriers of the first subchannel from the first antenna. FFT circuitry  122   a - d  may also include second FFT circuitry  122   b  to perform an FFT on parallel groups of time domain samples of a second subchannel from the first antenna to generate frequency domain symbol-modulated subcarriers of the second subchannel from the first antenna. FFT circuitry  122   a - d  may also include third FFT circuitry  122   c  to perform an FFT on parallel groups of time domain samples of the first subchannel from the second antenna to generate frequency domain symbol-modulated subcarriers of the first subchannel from the second antenna. FFT circuitry  122   a - d  may also include fourth FFT circuitry  122   d  to perform an FFT on parallel groups of time domain samples of the second subchannel from the second antenna to generate frequency domain symbol-modulated subcarriers of the second subchannel from the second antenna. In some embodiments, the OFDM symbol may be generated from the simultaneous receipt and processing of two subchannels through two antennas, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. 
     In referring to  FIGS. 2A &amp; 2B , receiver configuration  200  may receive more than one subchannel of a wideband OFDM channel through a single antenna selected from a plurality of spatially diverse antennas  202   a - d . In some embodiments, receiver configuration  200  may comprise a single channel pipeline (SCP) for processing each subchannel. 
     Receiver configuration  200  may comprise antenna selection circuitry  204  to select one of a plurality of spatially diverse antennas  202   a - d  to receive an orthogonal frequency division multiplexed symbol over a wideband channel comprising more than one of a plurality of subchannels. LNA  206  may amplify the RF signals, and each subchannel may be separately downconverted by downconverters  208   a - d , filtered by filters  212   a - d , and converted to digital signals  215  by analog-to-digital conversion circuitry  214   a - d . Digital signal processing circuitry  216  may comprise, among other things, subcarrier demodulators to demodulate frequency domain symbol-modulated subcarriers of the more than one subchannel to generate parallel groups of bits from the subcarriers. Digital signal processing circuitry  116  may also comprise additional processing circuitry to generate single decoded bit stream  229  representing the orthogonal frequency division multiplexed symbol from the more than one subchannel. In some embodiments, heterodyne frequency generating circuitry  210  may selectively generate a heterodyne frequency for each subchannel to convert RF signals of the particular subchannel to baseband. 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 2B , digital signal processing circuitry  216  may receive digital signals  215  from portion  218  and may comprise four single channel pipelines (SCPs). In these embodiments, each single channel pipeline may process one subchannel, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. 
     In some embodiments, receiver configuration  200  may also include circuitry  220   a - d  to remove a cyclic extension and/or guard interval (GI) from the serial symbol streams provided by analog-to-digital conversion circuitry  214   a - d , although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. The serial symbol streams may be converted to a parallel form for processing by fast Fourier transform circuitry  222   a - d . Fast Fourier transform circuitry  222   a - d  may perform a fast Fourier transform on the parallel groups of time-domain samples to generate frequency domain symbol-modulated subcarriers. Equalizer circuitry  226   a - d  may receive the symbol-modulated subcarriers, in parallel for each subcarrier, and it may perform an equalization based on the channel estimates. After equalization, the frequency domain symbol-modulated subcarriers may be demapped, and a parallel-to-serial conversion may be performed prior to deinterleaving and/or decoding by circuitry  228  to generate decoded bit stream  229 . In some embodiments, the demodulated OFDM symbol may be generated from the simultaneous receipt and processing of four subchannels through one antenna, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. 
     In referring to  FIGS. 3A &amp; 3B , receiver configuration  300  may receive a single subchannel by a plurality of spatially diverse antennas  302   a - d , and maximum-ratio combining may be performed on corresponding symbol-modulated subcarriers received by the antennas. In some embodiments, receiver configuration  300  may comprise circuitry  318  to receive an orthogonal frequency division multiplexed symbol over a single subchannel through a plurality of spatially diverse antennas, and combining circuitry  324  to combine corresponding frequency domain symbol-modulated subcarriers from each of the antennas to generate combined symbol-modulated subcarriers for the single subchannel. LNAs  306   a - d  may amplify the received RF signals, and the RF signals from each antenna  302  may be separately downconverted by downconverters  308   a - d , filtered by filters  312   a - d , and converted to digital signals  315  by analog-to-digital conversion circuitry  314   a - d . Since a single subchannel is being received, the signals from each antenna may use the same heterodyne frequency for downconversion, and accordingly VCO  310  may generate a single heterodyne frequency for each downconversion circuitry  308   a - d  to downconvert the RF signals from each antenna to baseband. 
     In some embodiments, receiver configuration  300  may comprise a single channel pipeline (SCP) for each antenna for the signals of the same subchannel. As illustrated in  FIG. 3B , digital signal processing circuitry  316  may comprise four single channel pipelines. Each pipeline may process signals from one antenna, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. 
     In some embodiments, receiver configuration  300  may also include circuitry  320   a - d  to remove a cyclic extension and/or guard interval (GI) from the serial symbol streams provided by analog-to-digital conversion circuitry  314   a - d , although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. The serial symbol streams may be converted to a parallel form for FFT circuitry  322   a - d . FFT circuitry  322   a - d  may perform a fast Fourier transform on the parallel groups of time-domain samples to generate frequency domain symbol-modulated subcarriers. Equalizer circuitry  326  may receive the symbol-modulated subcarriers, in a parallel form for each subcarrier, and it may perform an equalization based on the channel estimates. After equalization, the frequency domain symbol-modulated subcarriers may be demapped, and a parallel-to-serial conversion may be performed prior to deinterleaving and/or decoding by circuitry  328  to generate decoded bit stream  329 . In some embodiments, the OFDM symbol may be demodulated from the simultaneous receipt and processing of one subchannel through four antennas, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. 
     In some embodiments, combining circuitry  324  comprises maximum-ratio combining (MRC) circuitry having complex (i.e., I and Q) weighters  330   a - d  to weight the frequency domain symbol-modulated subcarriers prior to proportionally combining the corresponding frequency domain symbol-modulated subcarriers substantially proportional to their signal strength in combiners  332 . In these embodiments, weighters  330   a - d  may, in addition to weighting, correct, adjust and/or phase-rotate a frequency domain symbol-modulated subcarrier to allow coherent signal combining in combiners  332 . In some embodiments, receiver configuration  300  may include one of combiners  332  for each subcarrier. 
     Although the receiver configurations  100  ( FIGS. 1A &amp; 1B ),  200  ( FIGS. 2A &amp; 2B ) and  300  ( FIGS. 3A &amp; 3B ) are illustrated as having several separate functional elements, one or more of the functional elements may be combined and may be implemented by combinations of software-configured elements, such as processing elements including digital signal processors (DSPs), and/or other hardware elements. For example, processing elements may comprise one or more microprocessors, DSPs, application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), and combinations of various hardware and logic circuitry for performing at least the functions described herein. 
     Antennas  102   a - d  ( FIGS. 1A &amp; 1B ),  202   a - d  ( FIGS. 2A &amp; 2B ) and  302   a - d  ( FIGS. 3A &amp; 3B ) may comprise directional or omnidirectional antennas, including, for example, dipole antennas, monopole antennas, loop antennas, microstrip antennas or other types of antennas suitable for reception of RF signals by the receivers. 
     In some embodiments, a reconfigurable receiver is provided. The reconfigurable receiver may comprise antenna selection circuitry to select one or more of a plurality of spatially diverse antennas to receive one or more of a plurality of subchannels. The reconfigurable receiver may also comprise maximum-ratio combining circuitry to combine, when more than one antenna per subchannel is selected, corresponding symbol-modulated subcarrier of subchannels from different selected antennas. In some embodiments, the antenna selection circuitry may select at least one antenna of the plurality to receive either three or four subchannels when a high-throughput mode is enabled. In some embodiments, the antenna selection circuitry may select up to four of the antennas to receive a single subchannel when an increased-range mode is enabled. In some embodiments, the antenna selection circuitry may select at least two of the antennas to simultaneously receive two of the subchannels when the increased-range and the high-throughput modes are enabled. The antenna selection circuitry may select the antennas based on an average signal-to-noise ratio of the subchannels, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. 
     In some embodiments, the reconfigurable receiver may comprise up to four or more single channel pipelines to process signals. In some embodiments, when the high-throughput mode is enabled, each single channel pipeline may process signals from an associated one of the either three of four subchannels. In some embodiments, when the increased-range mode is enabled, each single channel pipeline may process signals of the single subchannel received by an associated one of the selected antennas. In some embodiments, when the increased-range and the high-throughput modes are both enabled, a first single channel pipeline may process signals of a first subchannel received by a first of the selected antennas, a second single channel pipeline may process signals of a second subchannel received by the first antenna, a third single channel pipeline may process signals of the first subchannel received by a second of the selected antennas, and a fourth single channel pipeline may process signals of the second subchannel received by the second of the selected antennas. 
       FIG. 4  is a flow chart of an OFDM signal reception procedure in accordance with some embodiments. The operations of procedure  400  may be performed by an OFDM receiver, such as a receiver in accordance with receiver configuration  100  ( FIGS. 1A &amp; 1B ), receiver configuration  200  ( FIGS. 2A &amp; 2B ), and/or receiver configuration  300  ( FIGS. 3A &amp; 3B ), although other receivers may also be suitable to perform the operations of procedure  400 . In general, procedure  400  may receive OFDM communications over one or more subchannels through one or more antennas, and it may selectively trade off between throughput and range in a WLAN environment. Although the individual operations of procedure  400  are illustrated and described as separate operations, one or more of the individual operations may be performed concurrently, and nothing requires that the operations be performed in the order illustrated. 
     Operation  402  may select among one or more antennas to receive one or more subchannels. In some embodiments, operation  402  may select one antenna to receive up to four or more subchannels, which may provide increased throughput with a more limited range. In other embodiments, operation  402  may select up to four or more antennas to receive a single subchannel, which may provide an increased range with reduced throughput. In yet other embodiments, operation  402  may select more than one antenna to receive more than one subchannel to provide an increased throughput and an increased range. For example, operation  402  may select two antennas to each receive two subchannels each, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect 
     Operation  404  may process signals in single-channel pipelines. For example, when a single antenna is used to receive up to four or more subchannels, each subchannel may be processed in a single-channel pipeline. For example, when more than one antenna is used to receive a single subchannel, the same subchannel-signals from each antenna may be processed in a single-channel pipeline. For example, when more than one antenna is used to each receive more than one subchannel, each subchannel may be processed in a corresponding single-channel pipeline. The single-channel pipeline may include, among other things, downconversion, analog-to-digital conversion, and performing FFTs to generate frequency domain symbol modulated subcarriers. 
     Operation  406  may combine outputs of the single-channel pipelines that represent the same subchannel. For example, operation  406  may combine corresponding frequency domain symbol modulated subcarriers of the same subchannel when more than one antenna is used to receive the same subchannel. In some embodiments, operation  406  may perform a maximum-ratio combining on the corresponding frequency domain symbol modulated subcarriers, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. Operation  406  may optionally not be performed in some embodiments when a single antenna is used to receive one or more subchannels, or when the single-channel pipelines are used to receive different subchannels. Operation  406  may provide combined frequency domain symbol modulated subcarriers for each subchannel that is received. 
     Operation  408  may perform a channel equalization on the combined frequency domain symbol modulated subcarriers for each subchannel in embodiments that receive more than one subchannel. The subcarriers may be demodulated, and parallel groups of bits may be generated. Each parallel group may correspond to a subcarrier of a subchannel. 
     Operation  410  may receive parallel groups of bits for each subchannel for each subchannel and may determine an OFDM symbol from the bits for each subchannel. Operation  410  may include converting the parallel groups of bits for each subchannel to a serial form that may comprise one or more serial bit streams. Operation  410  may also include performing demapping, deinterleaving and/or decoding. 
     In some embodiments, the selection between increased range and increased throughput may be performed by a user of a wireless communication device. In other embodiments, the selection between increased range and increased throughput may be made by an application operating on the device. In these embodiments, the selection may be based on the requirements of the application and/or channel conditions. For example, for voice communications, greater range and lower throughput may be acceptable, while for data transfer, higher throughput may be desired. 
     Embodiments may be implemented in one or a combination of hardware, firmware and software. Embodiments may also be implemented as instructions stored on a machine-readable medium, which may be read and executed by at least one processor to perform the operations described herein. A machine-readable medium may include any mechanism for storing information in a form readable by a machine (e.g., a computer). For example, a machine-readable medium may include read-only memory (ROM), random-access memory (RAM), magnetic disk storage media, optical storage media, flash-memory devices, and others. 
     The Abstract is provided to comply with 37 C.F.R. Section 1.72(b) requiring an abstract that will allow the reader to ascertain the nature and gist of the technical disclosure. It is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to limit or interpret the scope or meaning of the claims.

Technology Category: h