Patent Document

RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/331,031, filed on Jul. 14, 2014 now U.S. Pat. No. 9,335,509 B2 and entitled “Lenses for Communication Devices,” which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/742,857, filed on Jan. 16, 2013, and entitled “Lenses for Communication Devices,” now U.S. Pat. No. 8,891,187, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/607,241, filed on Sep. 7, 2012, and entitled “Lenses for Communication Devices,” now U.S. Pat. No. 8,593,745, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/366,227, filed on Feb. 3, 2012, and entitled “Selectively Attachable and Removable Lenses for Communication Devices,” now U.S. Pat. No. 8,279,544, which claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. §119(e) of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/454,136, filed on Mar. 18, 2011 and entitled “Removable Lenses for Communication Devices,” U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/503,835, filed on Jul. 1, 2011 and entitled “Removable Lenses for Communication Devices,” and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/585,857, filed on Jan. 12, 2012 and entitled “Selectively Attachable and Removable Lenses for Communication Devices,” the entire contents of all of which are hereby incorporated by reference herein and made part of this specification for all that they disclose. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONS 
     Field of the Inventions 
     This invention relates generally to accessories for communication devices (e.g., mobile telephones, mobile texting devices, electronic pad devices, laptop computers, desktop computers, gaming devices, and/or devices capable of linking electronically to another device or to a network such as the Internet, etc.), and specifically to removable functional components for communication devices. 
     Description of the Related Art 
     In recent years, many advances in computer networking and processing technology have made it possible for communication devices to include cameras that permit users to capture images. In many cases, these images can be stored, processed, and transmitted. However, there are many design constraints on onboard cameras in communication devices that can limit the weight, size, expense, shape, adjustability, and overall quality of the lensing systems of such cameras. Consequently, many cameras in communications devices are inadequate for a wide variety of photographic needs and may produce poor quality photographic images. These deficiencies cannot be addressed by existing modular or detachable lensing systems for use with conventional film or digital cameras due to significant differences between such lensing systems and communication devices, including incompatibilities in attachment structures, weight, optics, size, transportation, storage, ergonomics, and/or portability. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Certain embodiments of the inventions will now be discussed in detail with reference to the following figures. These figures are provided for illustrative purposes only, and the inventions are not limited to the subject matter illustrated in the figures. 
         FIGS. 1A-1I  illustrate nine different views of an example of a removably attachable lens system for a communication device. 
         FIGS. 2A-2B  illustrate the lens system of  FIGS. 1A-1I  being attached to examples of communication devices. 
         FIGS. 3A, 3B, 4A, 4B, 5A, 5B, 6A, and 6B  illustrate other examples of lens systems being attached to other examples of communication devices. 
         FIGS. 7A-7I  illustrate an example of a multiple lens system with a plurality of lenses used for different purposes. 
         FIGS. 8A-8I  illustrate an example of a lens system with additional structures to facilitate attachment to a communication device. 
         FIGS. 9A-9E  illustrate additional views of the lens system of  FIGS. 8A-8I . 
         FIGS. 10A-10C  illustrate the lens system of  FIGS. 7A-7I  being attached to an example of a communication device. 
         FIGS. 11A-11F  illustrate examples of lens systems with lens portions that are adjustable with respect to retainer portions. 
         FIG. 12  illustrates an example of a lens retainer portion with an adjustment channel. 
         FIGS. 13A-13C  illustrate an example of a communication device on which an example of a lens system from  FIGS. 11A-11F  has been attached. 
         FIGS. 14A-14B  illustrate an example of a communication device with a light enhancement component on a lens system. 
         FIGS. 15A-15B  illustrate an example of a communication device with another light enhancement component on a lens system. 
         FIGS. 16A-16F  illustrate an example of a lens system that includes an adaptor. 
         FIGS. 17A-17B  illustrate an example of a lens component that includes a mount feature. 
         FIGS. 18A-18C  illustrate the lens component of  FIGS. 17A-17B  configured for mounting to a tripod. 
         FIGS. 19A-19C  illustrate an example of a lens component that includes a storage or attachment feature along the side of the lens component for storing a lens or other device. 
         FIG. 20  illustrates examples of a lens system that includes an attachment to be used with an accessory such as a keychain. 
         FIG. 21  illustrates examples of a lens system that includes an attachment to be used with an accessory such as a necklace. 
         FIG. 22  illustrates examples of a lens system that includes an attachment to be used with an accessory such as a bracelet. 
         FIGS. 23A-23E  illustrate an example of a lens system that includes a lens hood. 
         FIGS. 24A-24D  illustrate an example of a lens system that includes detachable lenses. 
         FIG. 25  illustrates an example of a lens system with an interior lens. 
     
    
    
     Many other types of communication devices besides those illustrated and described herein can be used. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     The following detailed description is now directed to certain specific examples of embodiments of the disclosure. In this description, reference is made to the drawings wherein like parts are designated with like numerals throughout the description and the drawings. The inventions are not limited to the examples expressly illustrated or described in this specification. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 1A-1I , an example of a removably attachable lens component  110  is illustrated in many different views. In some embodiments, as illustrated, the lens component  110  can generally comprise a retainer portion  112  and a lens portion  114 . The retainer portion  112  is generally configured to be removably attachable to a communication device such that the lens portion  114  can be positioned in a region generally covering or near an onboard camera lens in the communication device to enable the lens portion  114  to cooperate optically with the onboard camera, to provide optical enhancements, improvements, modifications, and/or alternatives. In some embodiments, as illustrated, the retainer portion  112  is shaped so as to attach to the communication device in a region and in a manner that permits a user to see all or virtually all of a viewing portion  131  of the communication device without obstruction or without appreciable obstruction. 
     For example, the retainer portion  112  can comprise a channel  116  with a plurality of sidewalls  118 . The width of the channel  116 , e.g., the distance between the respective sidewalls  118 , can be configured to be generally complimentary to the thickness of a portion of the communication device(s) on which the retainer portion  112  is configured to attach. In some embodiments, the natural width of the channel  116  is approximately the same size or slightly smaller than the thickness of a corner, such as an upper corner, of the outside housing of a communication device near the light aperture of the onboard camera of the communication device. 
     In some embodiments, as illustrated, one or more of the plurality of walls  118  can have a curvilinear shape  119  along one or more edges to permit the retainer portion  112  to provide increased distance of contact along the edge of the communication device while diminishing the area across a transverse surface of the device that is obstructed by the retainer portion  112 . For example, in some embodiments, as illustrated, the curvilinear shape along one or more edges of the walls  118  permits the retainer portion  112  to extend along and attach to at least a portion of two generally converging or generally perpendicular outer edges or sides of a communication device that is approximately as wide as the lens portion  114 , while diminishing the amount of space on the front of the device that is blocked. In the example shown in  FIGS. 1A-1I , the curvilinear shape of the edge of the walls  118  can avoid or omit a lower pointed or sharp corner that may otherwise extend into and obstruct the viewing portion of the communication device. In some embodiments, the retainer does not appreciably block or obstruct the viewing surface, as shown in  FIG. 2B . 
     All or part of the retainer portion  112 , such as one or more of the plurality of walls  118 , can be made of a material (e.g., a polymer or a silicone) that is sufficiently flexible to permit deformation (e.g., compression, bending, or stretching) of one or more walls  118 , so that the channel  116  can be temporarily widened while sliding the lens component  110  onto a communication device, but at least a portion of one or more of the walls  118  can be sufficiently stiff, rigid, or resilient to urge one or more of the plurality of walls  118  to return to its original position and thereby exert a gripping force against a portion of the communication device. The material of the retainer portion  112 , especially the region on the inner side of the walls  118  within the channel  116 , can also be tacky or somewhat slide resistant to enhance the gripping of the retainer portion  112  to the communication device. In some embodiments, the gripping force and/or slide resistance can reduce or eliminate the need to attach a permanent or temporary mounting component to the communication device. For example, the lens component  110  can be repeatedly attached to and removed from a communication device without requiring (though not prohibiting) installation on the communication device of a separate permanently or semi-permanently attached mounting component such as a bracket, magnet, adhesive, or other fastening component, thereby providing ease of installation while preserving the original overall shape, appearance, functionality, compatibility (e.g., with other communication devices or cases), and/or feel of the communication device when the lens component is removed. 
     The retainer portion  112  can also comprise an upper wall  120  that can be shaped in some embodiments to generally correspond to the shape of one or more edges of a communication device. As illustrated, the upper wall  120  has a generally curvilinear shape with a rounded corner  122 . The retainer portion  114  can also include one or more internal surface contours  124  configured to generally avoid interference with one or more external features on a communication device. For example, as illustrated, the channel  116  can include a surface contour  124  in the form of a groove to avoid interference or inadvertent contact with a button or other feature on a communication device when the lens component  110  is attached to the communication device. As illustrated, the sidewalls  118  of the retainer  112  can comprise one or more generally pointed or angular regions  129 . 
     In some embodiments, as illustrated, the retainer portion  112  can be configured to grip two nonparallel sides of a communication device. For example, the retainer portion  112  can contact at least a first generally vertical side or edge surface  133  of a communication device and at least a second generally horizontal and generally orthogonal side or edge surface  134  of a communication device (e.g., the lateral side and the top side of the communication device) at the same time during use. In some embodiments, this contact by multiple generally perpendicular edges or surfaces permits repeatable adequately precise placement of the retainer portion  112  in a single attachment motion without requiring user adjustment of the location or structure of the retainer portion  112  during attachment. In some embodiments, two or more contacting surfaces in the retainer portion  112  can converge at an upper corner having a rounded external surface. In some embodiments, as illustrated, the retainer portion  112  is substantially smaller than the communication device to which it is configured to attach, or even substantially smaller than the viewing portion of the communication device to which it is configured to attach. In some embodiments, a retainer can be configured to contact only one side or edge (e.g., the generally vertical or the generally horizontal side or edge), such as by contacting both the front and rear surface of such side of edge but without also requiring contact with another side or edge. An example of such an embodiment can generally be formed from a retainer portion with a general U-shape comprising an upper wall, two side walls, and an opening on each side of the side walls. 
     In some embodiments, the retainer portion  112  can permit the lens component  110  to be attached to a communication device without requiring non-stock mounts on the communication device and without requiring dynamic mounts on the retainer portion  112  itself (e.g. fasteners, screws, adjustable clamps, etc.). Thus, a user can attach the lens component  110  to a corner of a communication device by simply sliding it, for example, onto the corner of the communication device, and can remove it by simply pulling it off, without requiring user adjustment during attachment. In some embodiments, as illustrated, the lens component  110  can remain on the communication device by way of a friction fit. The attachment to the communication device can avoid a residue deposit from adhesive, scratches to the exterior surface, or other damage or alteration of the communication device. In some embodiments, the retainer portion can be sufficiently wide and/or long so that it is adapted to receive an end and/or side region (e.g., two or more corners) of a communication device rather than merely one corner, and the other aspects of other embodiments disclosed herein can apply to such embodiments, including but not limited to the shape and materials of construction and the accomplishment of a friction fit between the retainer portion and the end and/or side region of a communication device. 
     The lens portion  114  generally comprises a transparent lens  128 , which is typically made of a glass or a polymer, and a securing structure  126 . The securing structure  126  can be made of many different types of materials or combinations of materials, such as metals (e.g., aluminum or steel) or plastics. The securing structure  126  can include a generally wide-area opening for receiving the lens  128  and a generally narrow-area region for attachment to the retainer portion  112 . In some embodiments, the securing structure  126  and the retainer portion  112  can be configured to slide or otherwise move with respect to each other in a limited manner to allow for adjustment of the position of the lens  128  with respect to the onboard camera lens of a communication device (e.g., for the purpose of addressing manufacturing tolerances in the location of the onboard camera lenses in some communication devices). As illustrated, the mechanism or structure for attachment or securement of the lens portion  114  to the retainer portion  112  can be separate from and/or can operate independently of the mechanism or structure for attachment or securement of the retainer portion  112  to the communication device. In some embodiments, as illustrated, the outside surface of the securing structure  126  can taper inwardly from the lens-receiving region to the retainer-attaching region to diminish the amount of material used in manufacturing and to diminish the size and weight of the retainer lens portion  114 . In some embodiments, the lens component can be very small, such as less than or equal to about 2½ inches or less than or equal to about 1½ inches across. 
     The lens  128  can include multiple lenses or lens components. In some embodiments (not shown), the lens component  110  can comprise more complex lensing systems, such as lensing systems in which the focal length of the lensing system can be manually or electronically adjusted, such as with a lever or rolling dial or with electronic or motor control, which may be positioned between the lens  128  and the retainer portion  112 . An electronic or motor control can be attached and adjusted using software in the communication device, either by a wired or wireless connection to the mobile communication device. Other specialized lenses in the lensing system can include a telephoto lens systems configured to enlarge images, wide-angle lenses, fish-eye lenses, macroscopic lenses, and microscopic lenses. 
     The lens  128  can also comprise coatings or other features to increase scratch resistance, diminish glare or reflection, or decrease or filter light transmitted through the lens  128 . The lens component  110  can also include a cover configured to be fitted over the lens  128  during storage and transportation. The lens component  110  can comprise other storage and transportation features, such as a quick-release or other attachment structure to enable the lens component  110  to be conveniently carried by a user on a standard accessory carried by a person, such as a key ring, belt loop, bracelet, necklace, or other easily accessible location when not attached to a communication device. A collection or kit of different lens components  110  with various lenses having different lens features, including those described herein, can be provided within a storage case to address various photographic needs. 
     As illustrated in  FIGS. 2A-2B and 3A-3B , the lens component  110  can be moved into proximity with a communication device  130 ,  134  that includes an onboard camera  132 . In some embodiments, a lens component  110  can be sold or provided together as a system with the communication device  130 ,  134 . The communication devices  130 ,  134  shown in  FIGS. 2A-2B and 3A-3B  are versions of the iPhone mobile phone sold by Apple, Inc. The lens component  110  can be oriented so that the channel  116  is directed downwardly in general alignment with an edge or corner of the communication device  130  on which the lens component  110  will be mounted and rotated so that the lens  128  will be generally aligned with the onboard camera  132 . As the channel  116  contacts the edge or corner of the communication device  130 , the channel  116  may expand slightly as the walls  118  flex or bend outwardly. A restoring force produced by the retainer portion  112  can urge the walls  118  back toward their original position, which can help to retain the lens component  110  on the communication device  130  during use. The lens  128  can then temporarily provide an enlarged, better focused, clearer, or otherwise enhanced, altered, manipulable, or improved image for the onboard camera  132 . 
       FIGS. 4A-4B and 5A-5B  illustrate examples of lens components  200 ,  202  configured to be used on tablet-type communication devices  204 ,  206 . In the illustrated examples, the communication device  204  is an iPad communication device sold by Apple, Inc., and the communication device  206  is a Galaxy tablet sold by Samsung. The lens components  200 ,  202  can include various features and structures of the lens component  110  illustrated and described in connection with  FIGS. 1A-1I . In some embodiments, as illustrated in  FIGS. 4A-B  and  5 A- 5 B, the lens components  204 ,  206  can include a retainer portion  208  with walls  210 ,  212  of different sizes and lengths. A longer or wider-area wall  212  can be provided on a side of the retainer portion  208  that is configured to suspend the lens  128  in front of the camera  132 , while a shorter or smaller-area wall  210  can be provided on a side of the retainer portion  208  that is configured to extend over a portion of the surface on which the viewing portion of the communication device  204 ,  206  is located. The retainer portion  208  can be configured to securely attach the lens components  200 ,  202  while diminishing or eliminating obstruction of the viewing portion. An aperture or other functional access region  216  can be provided in the retainer portion  208  to permit access to controls or other interaction structures on the communication devices  204 ,  206  when the lens components  200 ,  202  are attached. 
       FIGS. 6A-6B  illustrate an example of a lens component  302  with a retainer portion  308  that comprises a plurality of attachment arms  304  that include attachment structures, such as hook portions  306 , that can partially or completely overhang on a portion of a communication device  306  or that are oriented in a generally transverse direction to the main portion of the attachment arms  304 . As illustrated, the attachment arms  304  can be generally tapered from a central, wider portion to a peripheral, narrower portion to provide sufficient structural rigidity and retaining force. The lens component  302  can include the various features of the other lens components  110 ,  200  described herein. The communication device illustrated in  FIGS. 6A-6B  is an EVO communication device sold by HTC Corporation. The attachment arms  304  can assist in attaching the lens component  302  to a device, such as the EVO device, in which the camera  310  is not positioned near a corner of the device. 
       FIGS. 7A-7I  illustrate several views of an example of a lens component  400  in which a plurality of lenses  402 ,  404  can be attached to the same retainer portion  406 . In this example, the user can have at least two different options for the type of lens to use in a particular photographic application. For example, one of the lenses  402 ,  404  can provide a wide-angle view and another one of the lenses  402 ,  404  can provide a fish-eye view. Many other lens options are possible. For example, one or more lenses can be provided with different color filtering capabilities, different light attenuation capabilities, different lens coatings (such as anti-reflection coatings), and differences in other optical properties to provide multiple user options. Different lenses can include any combinations of these or other optical features. The retainer portion  406  can include various features of the other retainer portions illustrated and described herein. 
       FIGS. 8A-8I and 9A-9E  illustrate several views of an example of a lens component  400   a  that is similar or identical in many ways to lens component  400  in  FIGS. 7A-7I . Lens component  400   a  includes a channel  416  for receiving a portion of a communication device. The channel  416  includes an attachment-facilitating surface  418 . In the illustrated example, the attachment-facilitating surface  418  comprises an inwardly curved (e.g., sloped or slanted) surface positioned along the outer edge or slotted opening of the channel  416 . In some embodiments, the attachment-facilitating surface  418  can be positioned at or near an outer edge of the channel  416 . As illustrated, the attachment-facilitating surface can be thinner near the edge and can gradually become thicker as it progresses further into the channel  416 . 
     As the lens component  400   a  is moved into an attachment position on a communication device, the attachment-facilitating surface  418  can provide an initial contact region or opening  420   a  (see, e.g.,  FIGS. 8G and 8H ) near the outer edge  422  that is effectively wider to facilitate proper orientation and attachment of the device by a user, and a narrower second region  420   b  further within the channel  416  (or further from the edge of the lens component  400   a ), thereby providing a more secure attachment surface as the lens component  400   a  is moved further onto the attachment region of the communication device. In some embodiments, as illustrated, the width of the channel  416  can change between the initial contact region  420   a  and the second region  420   b  in a smooth, gradual, and/or curvilinear manner. Some embodiments can include many other types of shapes. For example, the attachment-facilitating surface  418  can include a discontinuous surface or a series of discrete ramps, protrusions, or grooves. An attachment-facilitating surface  418  can be included on any embodiment of a lens component and is not limited to use in the lens component  400   a  as illustrated in  FIGS. 8A-8I and 9A-9E . 
     As illustrated in  FIGS. 10A-10C , the user can select which of the plurality of lenses  402 ,  404  to position in front of the camera  132  of the communication device  134  to achieve a desired photographic affect. In  FIG. 10A , the lens component  400  is moved into an attachment position on a communication device  134  such that a first (e.g., smaller-diameter) lens  402  is positioned in front of the onboard camera lens  132  and a (e.g., second larger-diameter) lens  404  is positioned on an opposite side of the communication device  134 . In this orientation, the smaller-diameter lens  402  is operative and the larger-diameter lens  404  is not operative. In  FIG. 10B , the lens component  400  is removed from the communication device, rotated about a vertical axis (e.g., approximately 180° in this example), and rotated about a horizontal axis to orient the channel  416  in general alignment with an attachment surface (e.g., a housing edge) of the communication device. In  FIG. 10C , the lens component  400  is again advanced onto the communication device  134  such that the larger-diameter lens  404  is positioned in front of the onboard camera lens  132  and the smaller-diameter lens  402  is positioned on an opposite side of the communication device  134 . In this orientation, the larger-diameter lens  404  is operative and the smaller-diameter lens  402  is not operative. In some embodiments, this configuration of a lens component  400  can conveniently permit multiple lens options without necessarily requiring the user to hold or store multiple discreet lens components. In some embodiments, more than two lens types or features can be included in the lens component  400 , thereby providing the user with many lens options. 
       FIGS. 11A-11F  illustrate several views of an example of a lens component  500  in which a lens  502  is attached to a retainer portion  504 . The lens component  500  can be attached to a communication device  134  in a manner similar to the lens components described above. When the user has attached the lens component  500  to the communication device  134 , the user can adjust (e.g., tilt, swivel, or otherwise move) the lens  502  with respect to the communication device  134  (e.g., azimuthally, along the lens&#39;s vertical axis, along the lens&#39;s horizontal axis, a combination of these adjustments, etc.). The user can shift or otherwise move the lens  502  into a plurality of positions with respect to the retainer to diminish misalignment between the onboard lens in the communication device, or to change the viewing angle of the lens  502 , or for some other reasons. In some embodiments, the user can shift of otherwise move the lens  502  into at least a first and a second position, or at least a first, a second, and a third position, or gradually across an adjustment zone. In some embodiments, this adjustment can form a void  506  behind the lens portion  502 . The ability to adjust the lens  502  with respect to the communication device  134  can be advantageous in addressing manufacturing differences or tolerances in the location and/or alignment of the onboard camera lenses in some communication devices. 
     In some embodiments, the tilting of the lens  502  is facilitated by a pivot (not shown) on the portion of the lens facing the communication device  134 . The lens  502  is positioned in a channel formed by sidewalls  508  of the retainer portion  504 . In  FIG. 11A , the lens  502  is tilted to the left with respect to the communication device  134  such that a void  506  is formed between the rear of the lens  502  and a panel of the retainer portion  504  or the communication device  134  when attached, and the exterior walls of the lens portion  502  are non-parallel with the adjacent interior walls of the lens retainer portion  502 . As illustrated, the distance between the rear of the lens  502  and an interior edge, line, or cross-sectional region  507  of the retainer portion  504  is greater on a first side  509  than on a second side  511 . In this orientation, the lens  502  can compensate for an off-center alignment of the onboard camera of the communication device  134 . For example, in the adjusted orientation shown in  FIG. 11A , the central axis of the lens portion  502  can be brought into general alignment with the central axis of the onboard camera lens  132 .  FIG. 11B  illustrates the lens  502  in a neutral position with respect to the communication device  134 . In this orientation, the lens  502  need not compensate for any off-center alignment of the onboard camera of the communication device  134 .  FIG. 11C  illustrates the lens  502  tilted to the right with respect to the communication device  134 , forming a void  506  in a manner similar to  FIG. 11A . In this orientation, the lens  502  can compensate for a difference or off-center alignment or location of the onboard camera of the communication device  134 . 
     In some embodiments, the tilting of the lens  502  is facilitated by a ball and socket joint formed by a ball  510  on the portion of the lens  502  facing the communication device  134  and a socket  512  in the retainer portion  504 . This embodiment can generally function in a manner similar to the embodiment in  FIGS. 11A-11C . The ball portion  510  can approximate the shape of a generally oblate spheroid and can have one or more flat or straight portions. The ball portion  510  can be, but is not required to be, generally spheroid. In the embodiment illustrated in  FIGS. 11D-11E , the portion facing the communication device  134  is generally straight or flat. The ball  510  can be positioned within a socket  512  with a generally complementary shape, facilitating rotation of the lens  502  with respect to the retainer portion  502  and communication device  134 . In  FIG. 11D , the lens  502  is tilted to the left with respect to the communication device  134  such that a void  506  is formed between the ball  510  and socket  512  or the communication device  134 . In this orientation, the lens  502  can compensate for miscorrespondence in the alignment or location of the onboard camera of the communication device  134 .  FIG. 11E  illustrates the lens  502  in a generally neutral position with respect to the communication device in which at least one wall of the retainer portion  504  can be generally parallel with either or both of the front or back surfaces of the lens portion  502 . In this orientation, the lens  502  need not compensate for any miscorrespondence in the alignment or location of the onboard camera of the communication device  134 .  FIG. 11F  illustrates the lens  502  tilted to the right with respect to the communication device  134 , forming a void  506  in a manner similar to  FIG. 11D . In this orientation, the lens  502  can compensate for miscorrespondence in the alignment or location of the onboard camera of the communication device  134  or otherwise help to adjust the nature of the photographic image produced. In the illustrated examples of  FIGS. 11D-11F , at least one wall of the retainer portion  504  can be generally non-parallel with either or both of the front or back surfaces of the lens portion  102 . As illustrated, the user can appropriately adjust the lens portion  502  with respect to the lens retainer portion  504 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 12 , the lens retainer portion  504  can include one or more generally circular retaining walls  530  for receiving a lens portion  502  in an adjustable manner. The retaining walls  530  can include one or more apertures  535 . A radially interior surface  537  of either or both of the apertures  535  can include a first adjustment structure, such as an adjustment channel  540  with a width and depth configured to receive a second adjustment structure on the lens portion  502 , such as a ridge or bump. In the illustrated example, the adjustment channel  540  can be substantially smaller in width than the width of the interior surface  537  of the aperture  535  to provide a relatively small amount of restricted movement of the lens portion  502 . For example, in some embodiments, the width of the adjustment channel  540  can be less than or equal to about 1.5 mm, and the interior of the adjustment channel  540  can be tapered or beveled toward a generally central portion or line to increase the force required to move the lens portion  502  away from a neutral position. The width of the ridge or bump on the lens portion  502  can be less than the width of the adjustment channel  540 , such as less than or equal to about ¾ of the width of the adjustment channel  540 . The first and second adjustment structures can fit closely or tightly together (e.g., in a radial interference fit) while permitting limited movement when a force is applied by a user in opposition to frictional forces between the adjustment structures. In this example, the lens portion  502  can be adjusted by a user to move with respect to the lens retainer portion  504  when moved in a deliberate manner, but the lens portion  502  and retaining portion  504  can generally remain in place until another adjustment. In some embodiments, the amount of adjustment can be relatively small, such as greater than or equal to about 0.5 degrees and/or less than or equal to about 2.5 degrees between the orientation of the central longitudinal axis of the lens portion  502  in the original position as compared to the orientation of the central longitudinal axis of the lens portion  102  in the fully adjusted position. In some embodiments, the lens portion  502  can be adjusted to various positions between (or outside of) these points or ranges. The amount of movement between the rear surface of the lens portion  502  and the lens retainer portion  504  can be relatively small as well, such as greater than or equal to about 0.1 mm and/or less than or equal to about 1.0 mm between the original orientation and the fully adjusted orientation. 
     As illustrated in  FIGS. 13A-13C , the user can adjust the tilt of the lens  502  with respect to the communication device  134  to improve the alignment or other correspondence between the lens  502  and the onboard camera of the communication device  134 . In  FIG. 13A , the lens  502  is in a neutral position with respect to the communication device  134 . The image on the screen  560  of the communication device  134  is off-center to the left, as evidenced by the leftward orientation of the vignetting which would normally be centered about the image.  FIG. 13B  shows the user  590  tilting the lens  502  to the right to compensate for the off-center image on the communication device  134 .  FIG. 13C  illustrates the corrected image, with the vignetting centered about the image even though the onboard camera of the communication device is not aligned properly. In some embodiments, the tilt of the lens  502  can be adjusted while the user  590  is viewing a live image from the onboard camera on the screen  560  of the communication device  134 , providing real-time feedback to the user about whether the correct adjustment is being made. 
       FIGS. 14A-14B  illustrate two views of a lens component  600  with a lens portion  630  and a light-enhancing feature, such as a light pipe  610 . The light pipe  610  can be mounted to the retainer portion  660  or to some other portion of the lens component  600 . The light pipe  610  conveys light from a light source, such as a flash, to an exit point  620  so that it may illuminate the area to be photographed. In some embodiments, the light pipe  610  is made from material which facilitates conveyance of light from the flash to the area to be photographed. In some embodiments, the interior of the light pipe  610  is lined with material which facilitates conveyance of light from the onboard flash to the area to be photographed. The position of the flash  650  on the communication device  134  illustrated in  FIGS. 14A-14B  is close enough to the onboard camera  132  that the lens component  600  generally covers or otherwise obstructs the flash  650  when it is attached to the communication device  134 . In some circumstances, this may prevent light from the flash  630  from enhancing photographs taken when the lens component  600  is attached. The light pipe  610  conveys the light from the flash  650  to the exit point  620 , and from there the light travels normally to illuminate the area in front of the camera. 
     In some embodiments, the light pipe  610 , retainer portion  660 , and/or some other portion of the lens component  600  can be configured to generally or entirely surround the flash  650  and/or other region from which light emanates to inhibit or prevent undesirable light transfer or leakage outside of the pathway from the onboard flash into the light pipe  610 . Such an undesirable transfer or leakage may include light from the onboard flash moving into the rear side of the lens portion  630  of the lens component  600  or light from the onboard flash moving outside of the region between the retainer portion  660  of the lens component  600  and the communication device. 
     In some embodiments, the retainer portion  660  or another component can be formed from various materials, including polymers (e.g., polycarbonate), metals (e.g., aluminum), etc., or some combination thereof. For example, at least a portion of the retainer portion  660  can be formed using a multi-step molding process, such as multi-shot injection molding, inserting molding, or overmolding, and/or the retainer portion  660  can include a coating, such as an adhesive, paint, or deposited film, to provide a region on the interior and/or exterior of the retainer portion  660  that has a different durometer or appearance than another portion of the retainer portion  660 . In some embodiments, a harder shell or exterior can be provided in conjunction with a softer interior surface. For example, an interior region of the retainer portion  660  that is intended to be positioned in contact with the corner of the communication device can comprise a surface that is softer and/or more tacky than an exterior region or a supporting region of the retainer portion  660 . In some embodiments, the softer or more tacky surface can provide an enhanced light seal by compressing against the communication device to inhibit or prevent light leakage. 
       FIGS. 15A-15B  illustrate two views of a lens component  600   a  with a light pipe  610   a . In many respects, the light pipe  610   a  is similar or identical to the light pipe  610  described above. The exit point  620   a  of the light pipe  610   a  can generally or completely surround the lens  630   a , providing a generally ring-shaped flash. This can be particularly desirable for use in macro (or close-up) photography. The light-enhancing feature can also be provided by a flash or other light source on the lens component  600 , without requiring use or connection with an onboard flash. 
     In some embodiments, a light-enhancement feature can include an externally attachable flash component connected to the lens component  110  that can be selectively configured to be in electronic communication with the communication device (e.g., by way of a wireless protocol such as the Bluetooth® protocol, or by way of a wired connection such as a USB or serial connection, etc.). The flash can be powered by and/or actuated by the communication device. In some embodiments, the flash can pivot, tilt, or otherwise move with respect to the retainer portion  112  to direct light as desired by the user. 
     In some embodiments, as illustrated and described herein, lens components can include retainer portions with attachment structures configured to be removably attached to communication devices, even when the communication devices themselves are generally smooth or flat and do not have corresponding attachment structures in the region near the onboard camera. In this way, the communication devices are not required to be permanently or temporarily modified, reconfigured, defaced, or otherwise altered in appearance to permit attachment of the lens components. In some embodiments, this arrangement can permit uninterrupted and unobstructed, normal use of the communication device when the lens component is removed. However, in some embodiments, modifications to the communication devices may be useful or necessary to attach the lens components. 
       FIGS. 16A-16F  illustrate views of a lens system  700 . The lens system  700  can include a lens component  702 . The lens component  702  can be similar to other lens components described herein. For example, the lens component  702  can comprise similar or identical structures as lens component  400  or  400   a . The lens component  702  can include one or more lenses  704 ,  706  that are attached to (e.g. releasably coupled to, or integrally formed with) the same retainer portion  708 . With more than one lens, the user can have at least two different options for the type of lens to use in a particular photographic application. For example, one of the lenses  704 ,  706  can provide a wide-angle view and another one of the lenses  704 ,  706  can provide a fish-eye view. The retainer portion  708  can include various features of the other retainer portions illustrated and described herein. For example, the retainer portion  708  can include a channel  709 . 
     The lens system  700  can further include an adaptor  710 . The adaptor  710  can comprise a separate or independent piece from that of the lens component  702 . The adaptor  710  can include a first adaptor connection portion  712 . The first adaptor connection portion  712  can be configured to be removably attachable to a communication device  720  that has a shape that is different from the standard communication device to which the lens component  702  is normally configured to attach, for example as shown in  FIG. 16D . The first adaptor connection portion  712  can include a channel  714 . The channel  714  can be sized and/or shaped to correspond to the size and/or shape of at least a portion of the communication device  720 , such that the adaptor  710  can slide over a portion (e.g. a corner) of the communication device  720 , and be held in place on the communication device  720  (e.g., by way of a friction fit). 
     The adaptor  710  can further include a second adaptor connection portion  716 . The second adaptor connection portion  716  can be sized and/or shaped such that it is received within the channel  709  on the lens component  702 . The second adaptor connection portion  716  can include at least one opening  718  to permit optical communication between the lens  704 ,  706  and a corresponding onboard camera  722  on the communication device  720 . 
     The adaptor  710  and lens component  702  can be positioned such that the lens  704 ,  706  is positioned in a region generally covering or near the onboard camera  722  in the communication device  720  to enable the lens  704 ,  706  to cooperate optically with the onboard camera, to provide optical enhancements, improvements, modifications, and/or alternatives. In some embodiments, as illustrated, the adaptor  710  and lens component  702  are shaped so as to attach to the communication device  720  in a region and in a manner that permits a user to see a viewing portion of the communication device  720  without obstruction or without appreciate obstruction. 
     The lens component  702  can be removably attached to the adaptor  710  in a variety of manners. For example, the lens component  702  can be attached solely via a friction fit between the retainer portion  708  and the second adaptor connection portion  716 . In some embodiments, the lens component  702  can snap into place on top of the adaptor  710 . Other attachment options are also possible. 
     The adaptor  710  can allow the lens component  702  to be used with one or more different communication devices. For example, the adaptor  710  can allow the lens component  702  to be used with a communication device that is different in size, thickness, and/or shape than one that the lens component  702  is typically designed for. For example, in some embodiments, the communication device  720  can comprise an iPod Touch device, manufactured by Apple, Inc., and another communication device  134  can comprise an iPhone, also manufactured by Apple, Inc. The iPhone is typically larger, and thicker, than the iPod Touch. If the lens component  702  is designed and sized to specifically fit onto the iPhone, but not onto the iPod Touch, the user can conveniently and simply use the adaptor  710  in order to use the lens component  702  with the communication device  720 . 
       FIGS. 17A-17B  illustrate an example of an attachment component  800  for use in applications where a communication device is intended to be mounted temporarily on a support structure to take a photo or video. The attachment component  800  can include one or more lenses  802 ,  804  that are attached to the same retainer portion  806 . The retainer portion  806  can include a channel  808 , similar or identical to the channels described above, for attaching the attachment component  800  to a portion (e.g. corner) of the communication device  134 . In some embodiments, the retainer portion  806  can further include stabilizing or securing members such as at least one or more elongate ridges  810 ,  812 . The elongate ridges  810 ,  812  can extend away from the lens  802 ,  804 , and can be used to grasp onto and/or hold the attachment component  800  in place on the communication device  134 . In some embodiments, as illustrated, the width of the elongate ridges  810 ,  812  is less than the thickness of the communication device to which the lens component is configured to attach and the elongate ridges  810 ,  812  extend across the front viewing surface of the communication device along a narrow front edge and terminate before obscuring any appreciable portion of the viewing area. The retainer portion  806  can also include a connector opening  814  at one end of the attachment component  800 . 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 17B , the attachment component  800  can be attached to the communication device  134  (e.g. iPhone), such that the elongate ridges  810 ,  812  extend over and grasp onto a side edge  816  of the communication device  134 . The ridges  810 ,  812  can help to hold the attachment component  800  in place on the communication device  134 . Other types of structure, other than ridges  810 ,  812  can also be used. 
     As illustrated in  FIGS. 18A-18C , the attachment component  800  can be attached to a support structure  818  (e.g. a tripod). For example, attachment component  800  can be attached to a base portion  820  of the support structure  818 . The base portion  820  can be screwed into, or otherwise attached to, the retainer portion  806  of the attachment component  800 . In some embodiments the connector opening  814  can include internal threading, and the base portion can include a screw or other structure that has external threads, such that the base portion  820  can be screwed into the connector opening  814 . Other types of connection are also possible, including a snap-fit or other type of connection mechanism that permits a quick, releasable connection between the attachment component  800  and the support structure  818 . 
     In some embodiments, the base portion  820  of the support structure  818  can either include, or be connected with, a mounting arm  822 . In some embodiments the retainer portion  806  of the attachment component  800  can comprise the mounting arm  822 . The mounting arm  822  can be used to adjust the position of the communication device  134 . For example, as illustrated in  FIG. 18C , without the mounting arm  822 , the communication device  134  is in a generally horizontal or landscape position on top of the support structure  818 , whereas with the mounting arm  822 , as illustrated in  FIG. 18B , the communication device  134  is positioned to a side of the base portion  820 , and is in a vertical position. Other types of mounting arms or structures are also possible. In some embodiments, as illustrated, the attachment component  800  comprises one or more lenses, and in some embodiments, the attachment component  800  has no lenses. 
       FIGS. 19A-19C  illustrate a lens component  900  that permits storage of additional lenses, lens caps, or other devices. The lens component  900  can include one or more lenses  902 ,  904  that are attached to the same retainer portion  906 . The retainer portion  906  can include a channel (not shown), similar to the channels described above, for attaching the lens component  900  to a portion (e.g. corner) of the communication device  134 . 
     The lens component  900  can further include at least one attachment feature  908 . The storage attachment feature  908  can comprise an opening, ridge, button, or other structure located generally orthogonally along the lens component  900  that is configured to contact, hold, and/or receive a device. For example, the attachment feature  908  can comprise an opening configured to receive a portion of lens  902 . The storage attachment feature  908  can be located on the retainer portion  906 . The storage attachment feature  908  can attach (e.g. releasably attach) to a plurality of different sized lenses, including but not limited to lenses  902  and/or  904  as illustrated. The storage attachment feature  908  can also, or alternatively, releasably attach to a lens cap (not shown), or other types of devices. 
     In some embodiments, the storage attachment feature  908  can permit one or more devices (e.g. lenses) to be stored and/or carried along a side of the lens component  900  until needed for use. When a device is needed for use, the device can be removed from the storage attachment feature  908 , and attached along a different area of the lens component  900 . For example, in some embodiments, and as illustrated in  FIG. 19A , the lens  902  can be removed from an opening  910  along the retainer portion  906 . The opening  910  can include threads or other structure generally for holding the lens  902 . Once removed, the lens  902  can be attached to the storage attachment feature  908  along the side of the lens component  900 , as illustrated in  FIG. 19B . At such time, a different lens can then be inserted into the opening  910  if desired. Once the lens  902  is needed again, the lens  902  can be removed from the storage attachment feature  908 , and again placed back into the opening  910 . 
       FIGS. 20-22  illustrate examples of a lens system  1000  that are used with person-carried accessories such as keys, necklaces, bracelets, or other devices. The lens system  1000  can include a lens component  1002 . The lens component  1002  can be similar or identical to any of the lens components described herein. For example, the lens component  1002  can be similar to lens component  400  or  400   a . The lens component  1002  can include one or more lenses  1004 ,  1006  that are attached to the same retainer portion  1008 . The retainer portion  1008  can include various features of the other retainer portions illustrated and described herein. For example, the retainer portion  1008  can include a channel  1010 . 
     The lens system  1000  can include an attachment component such as a plug  1012 . The attachment component can be configured to remain on or connected with a person-carrier accessory, while the lens component  1002  can be selectively detached during use. The plug  1012  can be sized and shaped so as to be received by the channel  1010 . The plug  1012  can include one or more accessory attachment features  1014 . The accessory attachment feature  1014  can comprise, for example, a small ring or half-ring that protrudes from the rest of the plug  1012 . The accessory attachment feature  1014  can be attached to a set of keys  1016 , necklace  1018 , bracelet  1020 , or any other similar device. 
     The lens system  1000  can allow a user to wear and/or carry the lens component  1002  with him or her, in an easy and convenient manner. The lens component  1002  can be quickly removed from the plug  1012  and used with a communication device, such as one of the communication devices described herein, and then returned again to the plug  1012  and/or keys  1016 , as illustrated in  FIG. 20 , necklace  1018  as illustrated in  FIG. 21 , bracelet  1020  as illustrated in  FIG. 22 , etc. once the user is done. 
       FIGS. 23A-23E  illustrate an example of a lens system  1100  that can be used to reduce lens flare and protect a lens. The lens system  1100  can include a lens component  1102 . The lens component  1102  can include structures that are similar or identical to the lens components described herein. For example, the lens component  1102  can be similar to lens component  110 . The lens component  1102  can include one or more lenses  1104  that are attached to the same retainer portion  1106 . The retainer portion  1106  can include various features of the other retainer portions illustrated and described herein. For example, the retainer portion  1106  can include a channel (not shown). 
     The lens system  1100  can further include a lens hood  1108 . The lens hood  1108  can be a separate piece that is configured to attach to the lens component  1102 . The lens hood  1108  can comprise an opening  1110  configured to fit over the lens  1104 . The lens hood  1108  can comprise flared portions  1112 ,  1114  that extend away from the opening  1110 . The flared portions  1112 ,  1114  can be configured to provide protection for the lens  1104 , so as to reduce lens flare. 
     In use, the lens hood  1108  can be releasably attached to the lens  1104 , for example by simply sliding the opening  1110  of the lens hood  1108  over an edge  1116  of the lens  1104 . The lens hood  1108  can be held in place via friction fit, though other connection mechanisms are also possible. Once attached, the flared portions  1112 ,  1114  can be positioned as desired by twisting or rotating the lens hood  1108 . The flared portions  1112 ,  1114  can then protect the lens  1104  while the lens  1104  is in use. Once the lens  1104  is no longer in use, the lens hood  1108  can be removed from the lens component  1102 , turned around 180 degrees, as illustrated in  FIGS. 23C-23E , and placed back over the lens  1104 . In this position, the lens hood  1108  can not only be easily stored for future use, but can also help to protect the lens  1104  and/or lens component  1102  from damage and/or wear. 
       FIGS. 24A-24D  illustrate an example of a lens system  1200  that can include a selectively attachable and detachable lens or a plurality of different selectively attachable and detachable swappable lenses. The lens system  1200  can include a lens component  1202 . The lens component  1202  can be similar to one of the lens components described herein. For example, the lens component  1202  can be similar to lens component  110 . The lens component  1202  can include one or more lenses  1204  that are attached to the same retainer portion  1206 . The retainer portion  1206  can include various features of the other retainer portions illustrated and described herein. For example, the retainer portion  1206  can include a channel (not shown). 
     As described above, the lens system  1200  can include the ability to swap lenses. Thus, the lens component  1204  can be removably attached to the retainer portion  1206 . For example, the retainer portion  1206  can include a lens attachment portion  1208 . The lens  1204  can be removably attached to the retainer portion  1206  at the lens attachment portion  1208 . For example, the lens attachment portion  1208  can comprise an opening with threads, and the lens  1204  (or other lens) can be screwed into the opening  1208 , or the lens can snap-fit or otherwise simply be pushed into the opening  1208 . Other connection mechanisms are also possible. For example, the lens can be temporarily locked in with a bayonet mount, or a magnetic mount or other structure can be used. 
     The lens system  1200  can further include one or more additional lens components, such as a second lens component  1210 . In some embodiments, the second lens component  1210  can comprise a lens  1212  with a lens hood  1214 . The second lens component  1210  can be a separate piece that is configured to attach to the retainer portion  1206 , similar to lens  1204 . For example, the second lens component  1210  can be attached to the lens attachment portion  1208 . Thus, depending on user preference, a user can select a lens  1204 , a lens  1212  with hood  1214 , or other types of lenses for use with the lens system  1200 . 
       FIG. 25  illustrates an example of the lens system  1200  that includes one or more interior lens components. In some embodiments, the lens system  1200  can include an embedded lens component  1216 . The retainer portion  1206  or the embedded lens component  1216  can comprise a connection portion, such as a threaded portion, that can be similar to the lens attachment portion  1208 , described above. The threaded portion can facilitate removably attaching lenses, such as lens  1204 , to the retainer portion  1206 . In some embodiments, the retainer portion  1206  and/or the embedded lens component  1216  can include a lens  1218 . As illustrated, the embedded lens component  1216  can be generally flush with or inset within the walls of the retainer portion  1206 . In some embodiments, the lens  1218  can be a macro lens configured to magnify an image by at least about 4× magnification. Many different magnifications are possible. In some embodiments, the lens  1218  can be a macro lens configured to apply a magnification of at least about 5× magnification and/less than or equal to about 15× magnification, etc. In some embodiments, multiple lenses can be configured to provide a variable optical magnification (e.g., a zoom feature) by permitting manipulation of the distance between the lenses, such as with a lever or rotating actuator (e.g., a thumb wheel). 
     Although this invention has been disclosed in the context of a certain preferred embodiments and examples, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention extends beyond the specifically disclosed embodiments to other alternative embodiments and/or uses of the invention and obvious modifications and equivalents thereof. It is also contemplated that various combinations or sub combinations of the specific features and aspects of the embodiments may be made and still fall within the scope of the invention. Accordingly, it should be understood that various features and aspects of the disclosed embodiments can be combine with or substituted for one another in order to form varying modes of the disclosed invention.

Technology Category: 3