Patent Document

FIELD AND BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The invention relates to a hydraulic control arrangement, by means of which preferably a plurality of hydraulic consumers are supplied with pressure medium (hydraulic fluid) in a demand-feed-regulated manner. Such a hydraulic control arrangement is used, in particular, in mobile working machines, such as, for example, dredger loaders. 
     A hydraulic control arrangement with demand-feed regulation or on the load-sensing principle is known from EP 0 566 449 B1. In this known control arrangement, a variable-displacement pump is set as a function of the highest load pressure of the actuated hydraulic consumers, in each case in such a way that the pump pressure is above the highest load pressure by the amount of a specific pressure difference. The pressure medium flows to the hydraulic consumers via adjustable metering diaphragms which are arranged between an inflow line, into which the pressure medium is conveyed by the variable-displacement pump, and the hydraulic consumers. What is achieved by means of pressure compensators located downstream of the metering diaphragms is that, when a sufficient quantity of pressure medium is delivered by the variable-displacement pump, there is a specific pressure difference across the metering diaphragms, irrespective of the load pressures of the hydraulic consumers, so that the pressure medium quantity flowing to a hydraulic consumer then depends only on the opening cross section of the respective metering diaphragm. When the metering diaphragm is opened further, a greater pressure medium quantity must flow across it in order to generate the specific pressure difference. The variable-displacement pump is in each case adjusted in such a way that it delivers the required pressure medium quantity. This is also therefore also referred to as demand-feed regulation. 
     The pressure compensators located downstream of the metering diaphragms are acted upon in the opening direction by the pressure downstream of the respective metering diaphragm and in the closing direction by a control pressure which prevails in a rear control space and which normally corresponds to the highest load pressure of all the hydraulic consumers supplied by the same hydraulic pump. When, during a simultaneous actuation of a plurality of hydraulic consumers, the metering diaphragms are opened to an extent such that the pressure medium quantity delivered by the hydraulic pump adjusted to the limit is smaller than the total pressure medium quantity required, the pressure medium quantities flowing to the individual hydraulic consumers are reduced in the same proportion, regardless of the respective load pressure of the hydraulic consumers. This is therefore referred to as control with load-independent throughflow distribution (LUDV control). Hydraulic consumers activated in this way are known, in brief, as LUDV consumers. Since, in LUDV control, the highest load pressure is also sensed and, by a variation in the pressure medium quantity required, an inflow pressure which is above the highest load pressure by the amount of a specific pressure difference is generated by the hydraulic pump, LUDV control is a special case of load-sensing control (LS control). 
     For a plurality of hydraulic consumers, to which pressure medium flows in each case via a metering diaphragm with an upstream pressure compensator, which is acted upon in the closing direction only by the pressure upstream of the metering diaphragm and in the opening direction only by the load pressure of the respective hydraulic consumer and by a compression spring, there is no load-independent throughflow distribution. There is a straightforward LS control and LS consumer. Such a control is known, for example, from DE 197 14 141 A1. Here, when a plurality of hydraulic consumers are actuated simultaneously and there is not a sufficient pressure medium quantity delivered by the variable-displacement pump, only the pressure medium quantity flowing to the hydraulic consumer having the highest load pressure is reduced. 
     DE 197 03 997 A1 discloses a hydraulic control arrangement which includes a variable-displacement pump supplying pressure medium to a plurality of LUDV consumers and to one LS consumer. The LS consumer is a hydraulic steering system in which pressure medium preferentially has to be supplied. This priority of the hydraulic steering system in relation to the LUDV consumers is achieved by means of a priority valve which has a first junction, connected to a portion of the inflow line upstream of the metering diaphragm assigned to the steering system, and a second junction, connected to the load-signaling line, and a valve member of which is acted upon in the opening direction of the connection between the first junction and the second junction by the load pressure of the steering system and the force of a compression spring and in the closing direction of the connection between the first junction and the second junction by the pressure prevailing in the first junction. When the load pressure of the steering system is higher than the load pressure of an LUDV consumer actuated in parallel with this and a variable-displacement pump conveys sufficient pressure medium for all the actuated hydraulic consumers (saturation situation), the priority valve causes so much pressure medium to flow out of the inflow line into the load-signaling line that a pressure dependent on the height of the load pressure of the steering system prevails in the latter and a pressure which is above the steering system pressure by the amount of a specific pressure difference prevails in the inflow line. When so much pressure medium is demanded that the variable-displacement pump is adjusted as far as the maximum stroke volume (undersaturation situation), then the priority valve increases the pressure in the load-signaling line to an extent such that, by a more pronounced throttling of the pressure medium stream, the LUDV pressure compensators lower the pressure difference across the LUDV metering diaphragms to an extent such that the pressure in the inflow line maintains the same level as in the saturation situation and the pressure difference across the LS metering diaphragm is exactly the same as in the saturation situation. 
     A control arrangement with demand-feed regulation can be implemented not only with a variable-displacement pump having an LS pump-regulating valve, but also with a fixed-displacement pump and an LS-controlled bypass pressure compensator, via which pressure medium conveyed by the hydraulic pump and not required by the hydraulic consumers flows back to a tank. In this case, however, the losses of nonutilizable energy are higher than when the variable-displacement pump is used. 
     A hydraulic control arrangement is known from DE 34 22 205 A1, FIG.  4 . In this, the two hydraulic pumps are fixed-displacement pumps and the two demand-feed regulators are bypass pressure compensators. An inflow line leads from the pressure outlet of the second hydraulic pump to a control block, while the first hydraulic pump conveys into the inflow line via a nonreturn valve. The two pressure compensators are acted upon in the closing direction by the pressure in the load-signaling line and a compression spring and in the opening direction by the pressure in the inflow line. By causing the compression spring to exert on the second pressure compensator assigned to the second hydraulic pump a force which corresponds to a somewhat greater pressure difference than the compression spring on the first pressure compensator assigned to the first hydraulic pump, in the case of a low demand for pressure medium, only the second hydraulic pump conveys pressure medium to the control block, while the pressure medium quantity conveyed by the first hydraulic pump flows back, pressureless, to the tank via the first pressure compensator. When the demand for pressure medium of the simultaneously actuated hydraulic consumers exceeds the conveyed quantity of the second hydraulic pump, the pressure in the inflow line falls below a value determined by the highest load pressure and by the pressure difference set at the second pressure compensator. The second pressure compensator closes completely. The first pressure compensator assumes a regulating position and ensures that the pressure in the inflow line is above the highest load pressure by the amount of the pressure difference set at the first pressure compensator. In the known control arrangement, the two hydraulic pumps and the two bypass pressure compensators could also be readily replaced by two variable-displacement pumps with LS pump-regulating valves set to different pressure differences. 
     Irrespective of whether fixed-displacement pumps or variable-displacement pumps are used, the known hydraulic control arrangement has a disadvantage in as much as, after an appropriate setting of the pressure compensators or of the pump-regulating valves, it is fixed as to which of the two hydraulic pumps first alone supplies pressure medium to the hydraulic consumers and which is connected when the demand for pressure medium exceeds the (maximum) pressure medium quantity conveyed by the second hydraulic pump. This is a disadvantage, in particular, when the hydraulic pumps are of different size in respect of the conveyed quantity or when a further hydraulic consumer, for example a steering system, can be supplied with pressure medium solely by one hydraulic pump. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The object on which the invention is based is, therefore, to develop further a hydraulic control arrangement with two hydraulic pumps and with other features mentioned-above, in such a way that a more flexible selection of the hydraulic pump conveying under pressure, in terms of the demand for pressure medium of the hydraulic consumers, is possible in a simple way. 
     The intended object is achieved, according to the invention, in that a nonreturn valve opening toward the inflow line is also arranged between the second hydraulic pump and said inflow line, and in that there are means by which the action of force upon the demand-feed regulator can be changed in such a way that the hydraulic consumers can be supplied with pressure medium both solely by the first hydraulic pump and solely by the second hydraulic pump. According to the invention, therefore, the desired flexibility is acquired in a very simple way by a change in the action of force upon the regulating pistons of the demand-feed regulators. 
     Thus, according to other features of the invention, a first advantageous possibility for influencing the demand-feed regulator is for the spring on at least one demand-feed regulator to be adjustable in such a way that the pressure difference corresponding to the force of the springs is, on the one hand, greater and, on the other hand, smaller on the first demand-feed regulator than on the second demand-feed regulator. Preferably, in this case, therefore, the pressure difference determined by the spring on the one demand-feed regulator in a first state is smaller than the pressure difference on the other demand-feed regulator. The spring, then, can be prestressed to a greater extent and thereby brought into a second state, in which the pressure difference determined by it is greater than the pressure difference on the other demand-feed regulator. It is also conceivable, however, to prestress the two springs approximately to the same extent in a state of rest and to stress one spring or the other to a greater extent in order to supply pressure medium to the hydraulic consumers by means of only one or the other hydraulic pump. 
     According to still other features of the invention, a second advantageous possibility for influencing the demand-feed regulator is that a control space on the second active surface of the second demand-feed regulator is connected to the inflow line, that the load-signaling line can be shut off relative to the first demand-feed regulator by means of a switching valve, that, in the blocking position of the switching valve, the first active surface of the first demand-feed regulator can be relieved of pressure, and that the spring of the first demand-feed regulator is set at a higher pressure difference than the spring of the second demand-feed regulator. A slightly different setting of the demand-feed regulators and only one switching valve is necessary here. 
     According to yet other features of the invention, a third advantageous possibility for influencing the demand-feed regulators is that the load-signaling line can be shut off relative to the first demand-feed regulator by means of a first switching valve and relative to the second demand-feed regulator by means of a second switching valve, and that, in the blocking position of one switching valve, the first active surface of the corresponding demand-feed regulator can be relieved of pressure. In this case, as compared with conventional control arrangements, there is no need for any changes to the demand-feed regulators. Moreover, the two demand-feed regulators can be set at the same pressure differences between the pump pressure and the highest load pressure, so that, in situations where only one hydraulic pump or only the other hydraulic pump supplies pressure medium to the hydraulic consumers, there is the same pressure difference across the metering diaphragms. 
     If a control space on the second active surface of a demand-feed regulator is connected, upstream of the corresponding nonreturn valve, to a flow path running between the corresponding hydraulic pump and the nonreturn valve, then the control space and a working junction of a demand-feed regulator can be connected to one another in a simple way. However, in this case, when one hydraulic pump is not being used, the demand-feed regulator sets a low-level pump pressure, so that, even in the case of a variable-displacement pump, some losses of nonutilizable energy still occur. It seems more favorable, therefore, in terms of the energy balance, if, as specified in patent claim  6 , a control space on the second active surface of a demand-feed regulator is connected to the inflow line. This is because the demand-feed regulator is then held, by a pressure which prevails in the inflow line and is higher than the pressure equivalent to the force of the spring, in an open end position in which the pressure medium quantity conveyed by a fixed-displacement pump can flow out, pressureless, to the tank or a variable-displacement pump is adjusted completely in the direction of zero conveyed quantity. 
     According to another feature of the invention, the two hydraulic pumps are of different size in terms of the stroke volume, so that good adaptation to the operating state and to the pressure medium demand dependent on this is possible. 
     According to yet another feature of the invention, there may be a further hydraulic consumer, to which pressure medium can be supplied only by the one hydraulic pump. If this further hydraulic consumer is an LS consumer which is to have priority in the supply of pressure medium, for example a hydraulic steering system, then, if the other hydraulic consumers are LUDV consumers, priority may be ensured by a prestressing of the LUDV pressure compensators of the other consumers which exceeds the amount necessary per se. In particular, in the design according to further features of the invention, the activation of the preferred consumer is not influenced by the other consumers. However, the prestressed closing springs of the LUDV pressure compensators cause energy losses. Even though a relatively high outlay in terms of apparatus is involved, a design according to additional features of the invention therefore seems more favorable in terms of the energy balance, whereby, in an undersaturation situation, the pressure on the rear side of the LUDV pressure compensators is increased beyond the highest load pressure and consequently the pressure difference and the pressure medium flow across the second metering diaphragms are reduced. 
     The hydraulic pumps may be those with a constant stroke volume, to which a bypass pressure compensator is assigned, or else variable-displacement pumps. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     Several exemplary embodiments, set up as a circuit, of a hydraulic control arrangement according to the invention and an LUDV directional valve which can be used in a control arrangement according to the invention are illustrated in the drawings. The invention is explained in more detail with reference to the figures of these drawings in which: 
     FIG. 1 shows the first exemplary embodiment which has two fixed-displacement pumps of different size with bypass pressure compensators, a plurality of LUDV consumers, which can be supplied jointly with pressure medium by only one hydraulic pump or by both hydraulic pumps, and an LS consumer which can be supplied with pressure medium by only the one hydraulic pump, for the selection of the supplying hydraulic pump each bypass pressure compensator being assigned a switching valve by which a control side of the corresponding bypass pressure compensator can be shut off relative to the load-signaling line of the LUDV consumers, 
     FIG. 2 shows a second exemplary embodiment which differs from the first exemplary embodiment only in a different type of action of pressure on the bypass pressure compensators, 
     FIG. 3 shows a third exemplary embodiment in which the priority of an LS consumer is ensured by raising the pressure on the rear side of the LUDV pressure compensators of the other consumers and which is otherwise identical to the first exemplary embodiment, 
     FIG. 4 shows a fourth exemplary embodiment in which, to select the conveying hydraulic pump, the prestress of the regulating spring of the one bypass pressure compensator can be changed, 
     FIG. 5 shows a fifth exemplary embodiment in which, to select the conveying hydraulic pump, the regulating springs of the two bypass pressure compensators are prestressed to a different extent and the bypass pressure compensator having the spring prestressed to a greater extent is assigned a switching valve by which the one control side of this bypass pressure compensator can be shut off relative to the load-signaling line of the LUDV consumers, and 
     FIG. 6 shows a longitudinal section through an LUDV directional valve which can be used in the control arrangements according to FIGS. 1 to  5 . 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     The hydraulic control arrangements shown in FIGS. 1 to  5  comprise two LUDV control blocks  10  and  11  in a disk-type form of construction, which each comprise a plurality of LUDV directional valves  12 , one of which is illustrated in FIG. 6, an inlet disk  13  and  14  and an end disk  15  and  16 . A hydraulic consumer, for example a double-acting hydraulic cylinder, can be controlled in terms of speed of movement and direction of movement by means of each directional valve  12 . Each inlet disk  13  and  14  possesses a pump junction  17  and  18 , a tank junction  19  and  20  and a control junction  21  and  22 , the control junction  22  of the inlet disk  14  of the control block  11  being closed by means of a plug. From said junctions emanate ducts  23 ,  24  and  25  which run perpendicularly to the disk planes completely through the respective control block  10  and  11  as far as that side face of the end disk  15  and  16  which faces away from the directional valves  12 . There, the tank duct  24  emanating from the tank junction  19  and  20  is closed by means of a plug. The ducts  23  are fluidically connected to one another by means of a line  26  running from one end disk  15  to the other end disk  16  and the ducts  25  are fluidically connected to one another by means of a line  27  running between the two end disks. According to the invention, the hydraulic control arrangements shown in FIGS. 1 to  5  have two hydraulic pumps  30  and  31  which are fixed-displacement pumps and of which the first hydraulic pump  30  has a smaller stroke volume than the second hydraulic pump  31 . The hydraulic pump  30  discharges pressure medium, which it sucks in from a tank  33 , into a pump line  34  which leads to the pump junction  17  of the control block  10 . The second hydraulic pump  31  discharges pressure medium, which it likewise sucks in from the tank  33 , into a pump line  35  which leads to the pump junction  18  of the control block  11 . Pressure medium conveyed by the hydraulic pump  30  can flow from the pump junction  17 , via a nonreturn valve  36  built into the duct  23  within the inlet disk  13 , to the directional valves  12  of the control block  10  and, via the line  26 , also to the directional valves  12  of the control block  11 . Conversely, pressure medium conveyed by the hydraulic pump  31  can flow, via the pump junction  18  of the control block  11  and via a further nonreturn valve  37  built into the inlet disk  14  of this control block, to the directional valves  12  of the control block  11  and, via the line  26  also to the directional valves  12  of the control block  10 . The respective portions of the ducts  23  downstream of the nonreturn valves  36  and  37  and also the line  26  thus form an inflow line  38  which is common to all the directional valves  12  of the two control blocks  10  and  11  and into which pressure medium can be conveyed by the two hydraulic pumps  30  and  31 . The portions of the ducts  25  in the directional valves  12  and in the end disks  15  and  16  and also the line  27  may be designated as a load-signaling line  85 . 
     The tank junctions  19  and  20  of the two control blocks  10  and  11  are fluidically connected to the tank  33  via tank lines  39 . 
     In all the exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 1 to  5 , the inlet disks  13  and  14  contain, in addition to a nonreturn valve  36  and  37 , a bypass pressure compensator  45  and  46 , which is connected with its working junctions between the ducts  23  and  24 , and a small-stream controller  47  which is located between the respective duct  25  and the respective duct  24  and limits a pressure medium quantity flowing out of the duct  25  into the duct  24 . The regulating piston of each bypass pressure compensator  45  and  46  is acted upon in the closing direction of the pressure compensator by a pressure which prevails within a portion of the respective duct  25  running in the inlet disk. Moreover, a compression spring  48  (pressure compensator  45 ) or a compression spring  49  (pressure compensator  46 ) acts in the closing direction. In each case the pressure at the pump junctions  17  and  18 , that is to say the pressure upstream of the nonreturn valves  36  and  37  (FIGS. 1 and 3) or the pressure downstream of the nonreturn valves  36  and  37 , that is to say the pressure in the common inflow line  38  (FIGS. 2,  4  and  5 ), acts in the opening direction of the pressure compensators  45  and  46 . 
     As already mentioned, the end disks  15  and  16  of the two control blocks serve in the same way for making it possible to close the ducts  24  and connect the lines  26  and  27  to the ducts  23  and  25 . Furthermore, a pressure relief valve SO is accommodated in the end disk  16  of the control block  11 , said pressure relief valve being located between the duct  25  and the tank duct  24  and limiting the pressure in the duct  25  to a maximum value. 
     The hydraulic consumers capable of being activated by the LUDV directional valves  12  are designated as LUDV consumers. Furthermore, the control arrangements shown comprise, as a further hydraulic consumer, a hydraulic steering system  55  which is indicated by a stylized steering wheel in the figures. This hydraulic consumer can be supplied with pressure medium solely by the first hydraulic pump  30 . For this purpose, a supply line  56  emanates from the pump line  34  extending between the hydraulic pump  30  and the pump junction  17  of the control block  10 . The hydraulic steering system  55  is what is known as an LS consumer, to which pressure medium can be supplied via a directional valve, not illustrated in any more detail, a metering diaphragm  57  of variable opening cross section and an individual pressure compensator  58  arranged upstream of the metering diaphragm  57 . The steering pressure is picked up downstream of the metering diaphragm  57  and is transmitted to the control junction  21  via a control line  59 . In this case, a nonreturn valve  60 , which blocks from the control junction  21  to the steering system, is located in the control line  59 . The pressure compensator  58  is acted upon in the opening direction by a compression spring  61  and by the pressure downstream of the metering diaphragm  57 . This pressure is picked up on the control line  59  upstream of the nonreturn valve  60 . The pressure prevailing between the pressure compensator and the metering diaphragm  57  acts in the closing direction of the pressure compensator  58 . The compression springs  48 ,  49  and  61  exert on the respective regulating piston of the pressure compensators  45 ,  46  and  58  a force such that, depending on the prestress of the compression springs, in the case of a pressure difference between the two pressures acting on the regulating piston which is in the range of between 5 bar and 20 bar, an equilibrium of forces prevails on the regulating piston of the pressure compensators. 
     The LUDV directional valves  12  are all formed essentially identically to the construction seen from FIG.  6 . This is known per se from EP 0 566 449 B1, and therefore it will not be discussed in every detail here. Each LUDV directional valve  12  has a disk-shaped housing  65  possessing a continuous control bore  66  which lies in the disk plane and in which a control slide  67  is axially movable. The duct  23  crosses an inflow chamber  68  of the control bore  66  which is capable of being connected to an intermediate chamber  70  via control grooves  69  in a collar of the control slide  67 , irrespective of the direction in which the control slide is moved from the middle position. The opening cross section between the control grooves  69  and the inflow chamber  68  or the intermediate chamber  70  constitutes a variable metering diaphragm of the LUDV directional valves  12  and it determines the speed at which a hydraulic consumer is moved. The intermediate chamber  70  is fluidically connected to a bore  71  which likewise lies in the plane of the housing  65  and runs perpendicularly to the control bore  66 . Located in the bore  71 , which is closed by means of a screw plug  72 , is the regulating piston  73  of a pressure compensator  74  which controls an opening cross section between the bore  71  and a bridge duct  75 , in each of the two branches of which is located a load-holding valve  76  and from which each branch leads to a further chamber  77  of the control bore  66 . Each chamber  77  is capable of being connected via the control slide  67  to a consumer control chamber  78  which is connected to a consumer junction A or B. On the far side of each consumer control chamber  78  is also located an outflow control chamber  79  which is connected to the duct  24  passing perpendicularly through the housing disks  65 . 
     The regulating piston  73  of the pressure compensator  74  is acted upon, with the effect of opening the connection between the intermediate chamber  70  and the bridge passage  75 , by the pressure in the intermediate chamber  70 , that is to say by the pressure downstream of the metering diaphragm which may be designated here by the same reference numeral as the control grooves  69 . A pressure which prevails in a control space  81  between a regulating piston  73  and the screw plug  72  acts in the closing direction on said regulating piston. The duct  25  passes through this control chamber. Moreover, a compression spring  80 , which is only slightly prestressed and the pressure equivalent of which is, for example, 0.5 bar, acts in the closing direction on the regulating piston  73 . An equilibrium of forces on the regulating piston  73  thus prevails when the pressure downstream of the metering diaphragm  69  is 0.5 bar higher than the pressure in the rear control space  81 . The regulating piston  73  is provided with an axial blind bore  82 , which is open toward the intermediate chamber  70 , and with a continuous transverse bore  83 , into which the axial bore issues. The regulating piston  73  can run with the transverse bore  83  over the inner edge  84  of a shoulder in the bore  71  and thereby open a fluid path between the axial bore  82  and the rear control space  81  and consequently the duct  25 . The fluid path is closed as long as the hydraulic consumer controlled by the directional valve is not the only one actuated and does not have the highest load pressure. The regulating piston  73  is then in a regulating position, in which it controls an opening cross section between the intermediate chamber  70  and the bridge passage  75  in such a way that the pressure in the intermediate chamber is higher than the pressure in the rear control space  81  by the amount of the pressure equivalent to the force of the compression spring  80 . If the hydraulic consumer controlled by the directional valve according to FIG. 6 has the higher load pressure, the regulating piston  73  of the pressure compensator  74  completely opens the connection between the intermediate chamber  70  and the bridge passage  75  and then regulates the control edge  84 . It may be considered in the same way as the regulating piston of a differential-pressure valve which sets in the rear control space  81  a pressure which is lower than the pressure in the intermediate chamber  70  and in the bridge passage  75  upstream of the load-holding valves  76  by the amount of the pressure equivalent to the force of the compression spring  80 . This pressure is approximately the load pressure of the hydraulic consumer, since the closing spring of the load-holding valves used is only weak and also the pressure drop which is a control chamber  77  and a control chamber  78  is very small. Thus, the load pressure of that hydraulic consumer which has the highest load pressure is in each case signaled, via the regulating piston of one of the pressure compensators  74  contained in the directional valves  12 , into the duct  25  and consequently into the rear control spaces on the other pressure compensators. The ducts  25  in the control blocks, the connecting line  27  and also the control line  58  between the steering system  55  and the control junction  21  of the control block  10  thus, as a whole, form a load-signaling line  85 . In the rear control spaces  81  of the directional valves  12  prevails in each case a pressure which corresponds to the highest load pressure of all said hydraulic consumers, including the steering system  55 . The nonreturn valve  60  ensures that the individual pressure compensator  58  of the steering system  55  is in each case acted upon by the steering pressure, even when this is not the highest load pressure. On the other hand, the nonreturn valve  60  makes it possible for the load pressure of the steering system  55  to pass into the ducts  25  when the steering system has the highest load pressure. 
     Depending on the circumstances, only the hydraulic pump  30 , only the hydraulic pump  31  or both hydraulic pumps are to be used for supplying pressure medium to the various hydraulic consumers. The figures shown entail the fact that, when the steering system  55  is actuated, the pump  30  must always make available pressure medium which is under pressure. If the steering system is not actuated, a selection from the hydraulic pumps  30  and  31  can be made as a function of the quantity of pressure medium required. In order to make such selection possible, in the version according to FIG. 1 each inlet disk  13  and  14  contains a switching valve  90  and  91  which is capable of being actuated by the electromagnet  89  and, under the action of the compression spring, can assume a position of rest, in which that portion of the duct  25  which runs within the directional-valve disks  12  is shut off relative to that portion of the duct  25  which runs in the inlet disk. If one of the electromagnets  89  has changed over one of the switching valves  90  or  91 , said two portions of the duct  25  are fluidically connected to one another. In this switching position, the corresponding bypass pressure compensator  45  or  46  is acted upon in the closing direction by the highest load pressure of all the hydraulic consumers actuated, including the steering system. The small-stream regulators  47  serve for relieving a control side of the pressure compensators  45  and  46  of pressure when no hydraulic consumer is actuated or when a switching valve  90  or  91  is in its position of rest. 
     The exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1 will be considered below in various operating states, and, in this case, it is assumed that the compression springs  48  and  49  are prestressed to the same extent and both hydraulic pumps  30  and  31  are driven. When only the hydraulic steering system  55  is actuated, at least one of the switching valves  90  and  91  is in its position of rest, so that the load pressure of the steering system is signaled via the nonreturn valve  60  to the bypass pressure compensator  45 , but not to the bypass pressure compensator  46 . The pressure compensator  45  then throttles the outflow of pressure medium from the pump line  34  to the tank line  39  to an extent such that, in the pump line, a pressure builds up which is higher than the load pressure of the steering system by the amount of the pressure equivalent to the force of the compression spring  48 . The pressure equivalent may be, for example, 20 bar. If only the steering system is actuated, the individual pressure compensator  58  is of no significance. It opens completely, so that a pressure medium stream caused by a pressure difference of 20 bar flows across the metering diaphragm  57 . The pressure compensator  46  is completely relieved of pressure on its control side connected to the duct  25  in the inlet disk  14 . Said pressure compensator throttles the outflow of pressure medium from the pump line  35  into the tank duct  24  only to an extent such that a pressure of 20 bar prevails in the pump duct  35  according to the force of the compression spring  49 . 
     It may be that consumers  12  are only actuated in such a way that only little pressure medium is required. In this case, the switching valve  91  is left in its position of rest, while the switching valve  90  is brought by its electromagnet  89  into its passage position. The highest load pressure of all the hydraulic consumers actuated simultaneously via the directional valves  12  is then signaled to the spring side of the pressure compensator  45 . The latter, in turn, throttles the outflow of pressure medium to an extent such that a pump pressure which is 20 bar above the highest load pressure is established in pump line  34 . 
     If more pressure medium than the hydraulic pump  30  can convey is required, the switching valve  91  is brought into its passage position, while the switching valve  90  assumes its blocking position. The spring-side control side of the bypass pressure compensator  45  is then relieved of pressure, so that it throttles a pressure of 20 bar in the pump line  34 . By contrast, the bypass pressure compensator  46  throttles to an extent such that the pressure in the pump line  35  is 20 bar above the highest load pressure of precisely all the hydraulic consumers actuated via the directional valves  12  of the two control blocks. If the pressure medium quantity required also exceeds the pressure medium quantity made available by the hydraulic pump  31 , both switching valves  90  and  91  are brought into their passage position, both pressure compensators  45  and  46  are acted upon by the highest load pressure and a pressure which is 20 bar above the highest load pressure is built up in both pump lines  34  and  35 . The hydraulic consumers actuated are then jointly supplied with pressure medium by both hydraulic pumps  30  and  31 . When only one of the two pumps is used for the supply of pressure medium, the nonreturn valves  36  and  37  prevent the conveyed pressure medium from flowing out to the tank via the respective bypass pressure compensator of the other hydraulic pump. 
     The version according to FIG. 2 differs from that according to FIG. 1 only in that the control side of the pressure compensators  45  and  46  which is remote from the spring is connected to the respective duct  23  and therefore to the common inflow line  38  not upstream, that is to say within the inlet disk  13  or  14 , but downstream of the nonreturn valves. When the hydraulic consumers are supplied with pressure medium by only one of the two hydraulic pumps  30 ,  31  and the spring-side control side of one of the pressure compensators  45  and  46  is relieved so as to bring this about, the inflow pressure prevailing in the common inflow line  38  and lying 20 bar above the highest load pressure then opens the one pressure compensator completely, so that the pressure medium conveyed by the one hydraulic pump not being used can flow back, without any throttling, out of the pump line to the tank. The losses of non-utilizable energy are then particularly low. 
     In the two exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 1 and 2, initially no immediately obvious measures are taken in order to ensure a preferred supply of pressure medium to the steering system  55 . However, by an appropriate choice of the prestress of the compression spring  61  of the individual pressure compensator  58  of the steering system and of the compression springs  80  of the LUDV pressure compensators  74  in the directional valves  12 , a preferred supply of pressure medium to the steering system can be brought about. For this purpose, it is necessary merely to make the pressure equivalent to the springs  80  exactly the same as that of compression spring  61 . For example, the compression springs may be prestressed to a pressure equivalent of 5 bar. This means that the individual pressure compensator  58  maintains a pressure difference of 5 bar across the metering diaphragm  57 . This also means that the pressure compensators  74  in each case throttle the stream of pressure medium to a hydraulic consumer to an extent such that, in the intermediate chamber  70  of the directional valve shown in FIG. 6, a pressure prevails which is 5 bar above the pressure in the rear control spaces  81 . In an under-saturation situation, the pump pressure in the pump line  34  falls below the level lying 20 bar above the highest load pressure by virtue of the prestress of the compression springs  48  and  49  of the bypass pressure compensators  45  and  46  and, in an extreme case, is only 5 bar higher than this level. There is then no longer any pressure difference across the metering diaphragms  69 , so that the entire pressure medium quantity conveyed by the hydraulic pump  30  flows to the steering system. If the pump pressure is between the two extreme values, there is still a pressure difference across the metering diaphragm  69 , but it is in each case so low that the steering system receives sufficient pressure medium. 
     In normal operation, when the hydraulic pumps convey sufficient pressure medium, the way described of ensuring a preferred supply of pressure medium to the steering system entails pressure losses at the pressure compensator  58  and at the pressure compensators  74 . FIG. 3 shows a hydraulic control arrangement which, with the exception of the measures for the preferred supply of pressure medium to the steering system, is identical to the control arrangements shown in FIG.  1  and FIG.  2 . The priority of the steering system  55  in the supply of pressure medium is in this case obtained by means of an additional priority valve  92  which is formed as a 2/2-way proportional valve and the incorporation of which into the control arrangement is known per se from DE 197 03 997 A1, FIG.  3 . The valve  92  can close or to a greater or lesser extent open a flow path which is between the pump line  34  and a point located downstream of the nonreturn valve  60 , on the control line  59  between the steering system  55  and the junction  21  of the inlet disk  13  of the control block  10 . Said valve is in this case acted upon in the opening direction by the steering pressure and by a compression spring  93 . The pressure equivalent of the compression spring  93  is lower than that of the compression springs  48  of the pressure compensator  45  and of the compression spring  61  of the pressure compensator  58 . The priority valve  92  is acted upon in the closing direction by the pressure in the pump line  34 . Between the outlet of the priority valve  92  and the line  59  is also inserted a nonreturn valve  94  which opens toward the latter. An unbalance of forces occurs at the priority valve  92  whenever the pump pressure of the line  34  is no longer above the steering pressure by the amount of the pressure equivalent of the compression spring  93 . The priority valve  92  then opens the flow path between the pump line  34  and the control line  59 , so that the pressure increases in the latter and consequently in the rear control spaces  81  of the pressure compensators  74 . The pressure compensators are thereby adjusted in the “closing” direction, until the force which the pressure in the intermediate chamber  70  exerts on the regulating piston  73  can again maintain an equilibrium with the force exerted by the pressure in the control space  81 , plus the spring force, that is to say until the pressure in the intermediate chamber  70  is again approximately equal to the pressure in the rear control space  81 . Then, however, the pressure difference across the metering diaphragms  89  has decreased, so that less pressure medium flows via these to the hydraulic consumers capable of being controlled by the directional valves  12  and the steering system receives sufficient pressure medium. The nonreturn valve  94  prevents a flow of pressure medium from the steering system  55  via the nonreturn valve  60  into the pump line  34  when, for example at the commencement of actuation, the pressure in the pump line is not yet above the load pressure of the steering system. 
     The control arrangement according to FIG. 4 is identical to the control arrangement according to FIG. 2 in terms of the connection of the control sides of the pressure compensators  45  and  46 . The switching valves  90  and  91  shown in FIG. 2 are absent. Instead, the ducts  25  pass through the entire control block  10  and  11  without the possibility of any interruption. In contrast to the version according to FIG. 2, then, the prestress of the compression spring  49  of the bypass pressure compensator  46  can be changed. For this purpose, this pressure compensator is assigned an electro-magnet  95  which can displace a spring plate  96  axially between two stops. In the position of rest of the electro-magnet  95 , the compression spring  49  is relaxed to an extent such that its pressure equivalent is lower than that of the compression spring  48  of the bypass pressure compensator  45 . For example, this pressure equivalent may be 18 bar, while the pressure equivalent of the compression spring  48  may be 20 bar. If the electromagnet  95  is then excited, the compression spring  49  is prestressed to a pressure equivalent which is higher than the pressure equivalent of the compression spring  48 . It may then amount, for example, to 22 bar. 
     It may be assumed, then, that the electromagnet  95  is switched off and the hydraulic consumer is actuated via a directional valve  12  with a load pressure of, for example, 100 bar. The two bypass pressure compensators  45  and  46  are acted upon by this pressure in the closing direction, so that a pressure builds up in the pump lines  34  and  35 . This pressure finally becomes 18 bar higher than the highest load pressure prevailing in the load-signaling line  85 . The bypass pressure compensator  46 , the compression spring of which has a pressure equivalent of 18 bar, with the electromagnet switched off, then commences to regulate. If more pressure medium is used up then the hydraulic pump  30  can deliver, the bypass pressure compensator  45  thereafter remains closed and both hydraulic pumps convey together into the flow line  38 . The bypass pressure compensator  46  regulates the pressure difference between the highest load pressure and the pump pressure to the level of 18 bar. If, by contrast, the pressure medium quantity conveyed by the hydraulic pump  30  is sufficient for supplying pressure medium to the hydraulic consumers, the pump pressure rises more than 18 bar above the highest load pressure. The bypass pressure compensator  46  is thereby opened completely and the hydraulic pump  31  conveys in circulation to the tank. By contrast, the bypass pressure compensator  45  sets a pump pressure which is 20 bar above the highest load pressure. If the pressure medium quantity conveyed by the hydraulic pump  30  is not sufficient, but that of the hydraulic pump  31  is sufficient for supplying pressure medium to the hydraulic consumers, the electromagnet  95  is excited and the pressure equivalent of the compression spring  49  is set to 22 bar. The bypass pressure compensator  45  then opens completely, so that the hydraulic pump  30  conveys in circulation and the hydraulic consumers are supplied with pressure medium by the hydraulic pump  31 . 
     In the case of steering actuation, the electromagnet  95  must be de-excited, so that pressure can build up on the pump line  34 . 
     The version according to FIG. 5 corresponds, in terms of the connection of the control side of the two pressure compensators  45  and  46 , to the versions shown in FIGS. 2 and 4. In this case, in contrast to the version according to FIG. 4, the compression spring  49  of the bypass pressure compensator  46  is prestressed permanently to a pressure equivalent of, for example, 18 bar. The compression spring  48  of the bypass pressure compensator  45  is, in turn, prestressed to 20 bar. Whereas, in the version according to FIG. 2, two switching valves  90  and  91  are present, which are completely absent in the version according to FIG. 4, the control arrangement according to FIG. 5 possesses only the switching valve  90  which, as in the version according to FIG. 2, is located in the inlet disk  13  of the control block  10 . This switching valve  90  can shut off the load-signaling line  85  relative to the spring-side control side of the bypass pressure compensator  45 , so that the highest load pressure of the hydraulic consumers actuated by the directional valves  12  is not signaled to the bypass pressure compensator  45 , but, instead, its spring-side control side is relieved to the tank via the small-stream regulator  47 . When the switching valve  90  is in its passage position and the hydraulic pump  30  delivers sufficient pressure medium to supply the hydraulic consumers, the hydraulic control arrangement according to FIG. 5 operates in exactly the same way as that according to FIG. 4 when the electromagnet  95  of the latter is switched off. The bypass pressure compensator  46  is then completely open, and the bypass pressure compensator  45  sets, in the pump line  34  and the inflow line  38 , a pressure which is 20 bar above the highest load pressure of the hydraulic consumers just actuated. Only when the pressure medium quantity conveyed by the hydraulic pump  30  is no longer sufficient, even with the bypass pressure compensator  45  closed, to maintain a pump pressure which is 20 bar above the highest load pressure does the pump pressure fall to 18 bar above the highest load pressure, so that the bypass pressure compensator  46  begins to regulate and both hydraulic pumps  30  and  31  then convey pressure medium into the inflow line  38 . If only the hydraulic pump  31  is to convey pressure medium to the hydraulic consumers, the switching valve  90  assumes its position of rest, in which the spring-side control side of the bypass pressure compensator  45  is relieved to the tank and the pressure in the inflow line  38  can open this pressure compensator completely. The hydraulic pump  30  then conveys in circulation to the tank. By contrast, the bypass pressure compensator  46  in each case allows so much of the pressure medium quantity conveyed by the hydraulic pump  31  to flow out to the tank that a pressure which is 18 bar above the highest load pressure is established in the inflow line.

Technology Category: 2