Patent Document

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0001]    The present invention is an improved method and apparatus for awarding a progressive prize on a casino table game. There are a number of casino table games that are based on the rules of poker, such as pai gow, as well as proprietary games such as 3 Hand Hold &#39;Em™, Three Card Poker™, Crazy For Poker™, Ultimate Texas Hold &#39;Em™ and others. Each of these games is typically played with one standard deck of playing cards. Other popular casino table games, such as black jack, may be played with one or more decks of cards. 
         [0002]    The basic object of most casino table games is for the player and house (represented by a dealer) to each make a hand. If the house&#39;s hand is better than the player&#39;s hand, evaluated using a predetermined set of rules, the player typically loses his wager. If the player&#39;s hand is better than the house&#39;s, the player typically is awarded a prize equal to his wager. In order for the game to be profitable for the casino, the rules have to provide the house with an edge over the player. 
         [0003]    In some games, the house&#39;s edge in the game is large enough that the player may be awarded a multiple of his wager in certain situations. Players enjoy receiving multiplied returns on their wagers. The house&#39;s edge is rarely great enough to support a multiplier of greater than three however, and almost never greater than ten. As the house&#39;s edge is increased, the players win much less often and view the game as unfairly weighted to the house&#39;s advantage and the game becomes less enjoyable for players. Thus, to provide enjoyable table games, casinos must balance the player&#39;s desire to receive a multiplied prize against the player&#39;s desire to play a game where the house&#39;s edge is perceived as small. 
         [0004]    One of the ways casinos achieve the desired balance is to award multipliers based on the probability of the hand made by the players or the house or a combination thereof. These hands can have sufficiently rare probabilities that attractive multipliers can be awarded to the player. For instance, in a five-card stud poker game, the highest and rarest hand that can be achieved using a standard fifty-two card deck and traditional poker hand rankings is a royal flush (ace, king, queen, jack and ten, all of the same suit). The probability of that hand occurring is 325,635 to 1. A casino could conceivably pay a player a multiplier of 300,000× on a wager when they achieve a royal flush and still maintain an edge. 
         [0005]    The multiplier may be paid based on the player&#39;s primary wager (typically the wager the player makes that their hand will be better than the house&#39;s) or it may be paid on a separate side wager. The advantage of using a side wager is that higher multipliers may be paid while maintaining the house&#39;s edge. For instance, if a five-card stud table game pays even money on a primary wager and the player wins 48% of the time, the house&#39;s edge would be 4% (i.e., 1−(2×0.48)=0.04). It will be understood by those skilled in the art that if the house&#39;s edge is 4%, the return to the player is the remainder from 100%, or 96%. Any additional multiplier payout made on the primary wager would reduce the house&#39;s edge further. So if a multiplier were to be paid for a player receiving a royal flush, and only a royal flush, it would be limited to approximately 13,025 to 1 (i.e., 4% of 325,635). As additional hands other than a royal flush are included in the group of hands that award multipliers, the maximum multiplier would be reduced even further. By awarding multipliers on a side wager versus a primary wager, the house is no longer constrained by the 4% edge associated with the primary wager. 
         [0006]    With sufficiently rare hands, the casino can also award a player a progressive prize. A progressive prize is generally understood to be a large prize (typically the largest prize available at a given game) with an amount that is increased over time. This is typically done by taking a small portion of each wager made and adding it to the progressive amount. Other progressive prizes may increment solely on the amount of time it takes for a player to win it. Still further, progressive prizes have been suggested that decrease over time or that reset to a minimum value once a maximum value is reached. Typically the progressive prize could only be won by a player at a table game by achieving the rarest hand possible (e.g., a royal flush in five-card stud). To further increase the odds, some casinos have specified additional restraints, such as suit (e.g., a royal flush in spades in the five-card stud game). In such instances, lesser or more commonly occurring hands (e.g., a royal flush in any of the other three suits) may be awarded a small percentage, perhaps 10%, of the progressive. By requiring a rarer hand to win the progressive prize, casinos ensure that the progressive prize will grow for a longer period of time. Players typically are attracted to games with larger progressive prizes. However, it is believed that players also become frustrated if the progressive prize is too difficult to achieve. Therefore, once again casinos are left to find the best balance for a game that is profitable to the casino and enjoyable to the player. 
         [0007]    Two related inventions that attempt to allow casinos and game designers to more easily achieve this balance is Johnson, U.S. Pat. No. 7,931,532 and Place, U.S. Pat. No. 5,707,285 issued to Paltronics and incorporated herein by reference. These references generally teach allowing table game player to play a bonus game driven by a computer generated random number (or random number generator or RNG) whenever the player achieves a specific qualifying event (e.g., a black jack in a twenty-one game). The bonus game disclosed is a physical wheel which is spun to indicate one of a variety of payouts, one of which includes the progressive prize. 
         [0008]    It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that by adding the intermediate bonus game, these references necessarily decrease the probability of the player winning the progressive. Indeed, this is the stated intent of Place. For instance, if in the hypothetical five-card stud game previously discussed, the player gets to play the bonus game disclosed in Johnson and Place upon achieving a royal flush, and the bonus game awards the progressive once every hundred tries, then the odds of winning the progressive are 325,635 (the odds of a royal flush) times 100 (the odds of winning the progressive in the bonus game) or 32,563,500 to 1. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0009]    The present invention improves on the prior art by providing players the opportunity to achieve at least one of a plurality of qualifying events for at least one of a plurality of bonus games. In the preferred embodiment, the method for the player to qualify for a bonus game will be for the player and/or the house to achieve one of a plurality of predetermined hand combinations. The qualifying event will entitle the player to play one of a plurality of bonus games. Preferably, each qualifying event will be associated with a different bonus game and the bonus games will be at least differentiable by the probability of winning a progressive prize and/or their expected return to the player. 
         [0010]    By providing a plurality of qualifying events and a plurality of differentiated bonus games, the casino and/or table game designer is afforded a much greater flexibility in awarding a progressive prize. The progressive prize can now be awarded more or less frequently, as the casino desires. Additionally, prior art games were generally constrained by the inherently fixed odds of achieving a specific hand combination in a table game using a standard playing deck of cards for a given game&#39;s established rules. Therefore it was impractical for two different types of table games to compete for the same progressive prize. The present invention overcomes that limitation and allows players of multiple distinct games the opportunity to fairly contribute to a single progressive prize and compete for the prize through a plurality of bonus games. 
         [0011]    These and other advantages of the present invention will become more clear as explained below. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0012]      FIG. 1  is a first table layout that may be used for implementing the present invention on a pai gow poker game. 
           [0013]      FIG. 2  is a second table layout that may be used for implementing the present invention on a Four Card Poker™ game. 
           [0014]      FIG. 3  is a functional view of a display device and control pad shown in  FIGS. 1 and 2  as well as a computer that may be used for implementing the present invention. 
           [0015]      FIG. 4  is a schematic of a computer that may be used for implementing the present invention. 
           [0016]      FIG. 5  is a schematic showing a plurality of tables networked to implement the present invention. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
       [0017]    One embodiment of the present invention may be played on a table  50  as shown in  FIG. 1 . The layout for table  50  is designed to accommodate a pai gow game. A dealer employed by the casino stands behind the table  50  with access to a tray  55 . The tray  55  holds chips of various denominations used to pay out players&#39; winning wagers. Each player sits at the table  50  behind a player position  60 . In the pai gow poker embodiment shown, each player position has a high hand position  62   a , and a low hand position  62   b . Each hand position  62  also has an associated primary wager circle  64  located directly in front of the high hand position  62   a  where players place their primary wagers on the hand. Each hand position  62  also has an associated secondary wager circle  65  located adjacent to the primary wager circle  64  where players place their secondary wagers on the hand. Preferably, the table  50  also has at least one legend  66  showing the multiplier associated with certain hands. The table  50  is also equipped with a video display  80 . The video display is used to display the bonus games of the present invention and is under control of a dealer control pad  82 . 
         [0018]    Play of the game begins by each player placing a wager in the primary wager circles  64  of their player position  60 . The players may also place a wager in the secondary wager circles  65  of their player position  60 . In the preferred embodiment, the secondary wager is voluntary and the primary wager is mandatory. However, in alternative embodiments the secondary wager may be mandatory. Once all of the wagers have been placed, the dealer deals seven cards to at least each occupied player position  60  and to the dealer from a randomly shuffled deck of cards. Preferably it is a standard playing card deck with fifty-two suited cards and one joker that can be used as an ace or to complete a straight, flush or straight flush. 
         [0019]    The player then examines his cards and divides them into a high hand consisting of five cards and a low hand consisting of two cards. The rules of pai gow poker dictate that the high hand (using standard five-card poker hand rankings) must be higher in value than the two card hand. The standard rank of five-card poker hands is shown in the table below: 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5 CARD POKER HANDS 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Royal Flush 
               
               
                   
                 Straight Flush 
               
               
                   
                 Four of a Kind 
               
               
                   
                 Full House 
               
               
                   
                 Flush 
               
               
                   
                 Straight 
               
               
                   
                 Three of a Kind 
               
               
                   
                 Two Pair 
               
               
                   
                 One Pair 
               
               
                   
                 High Card 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0020]    The player indicates his hand is set by placing the high hand in the high hand position  62   a  and the low hand in the low hand position  62   b . Once all of the player hands are set, the dealer reveals her hand and sets the hand according to pre-established house rules. The dealer sets her high hand in a dealer high hand position  70  and her low hand in a dealer low hand position  68 . 
         [0021]    The dealer then reveals each of the player&#39;s hands and compares them to the dealer&#39;s hands. The primary wager is resolved as follows: If player&#39;s high hand beats the dealer&#39;s high hand and the player&#39;s low hand beats the dealer&#39;s low hand, the dealer pays the player even money on the primary wager in primary wager circle  64 . If player&#39;s high hand loses to the dealer&#39;s high hand and the player&#39;s low hand loses to the dealer&#39;s low hand, the player loses and the dealer collects the primary wager in primary wager circle  64 . All other instances result in a push between the dealer and the player. 
         [0022]    After the dealer has resolved the primary wager, the dealer evaluates the secondary wager. Preferably the secondary wager is paid according to the pay table shown on the legend  66 . Each player hand is preferably evaluated regardless of how the player chose to set their hand. For instance, a player dealt a full house that chooses to play three of a kind for his high hand and a pair for his low hand is still paid for a full house. The seven-card hand rankings, with the associated multipliers that are paid for the player&#39;s secondary wager for a prior art game are shown in the table below: 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 PRIOR ART 7 CARD HANDS AND PAYS 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 HAND 
                 PROBABILITY 
                 PAY 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 7 Card St Flush No Joker 
                 2.07599E−07 
                 Progressive 
               
               
                   
                 7 Card St Flush W/ Joker 
                 1.27155E−06 
                 1000 
               
               
                   
                 5 Aces 
                 7.31788E−06 
                 400 
               
               
                   
                 Royal Flush 
                 0.000169271 
                 150 
               
               
                   
                 Straight Flush 
                 0.001197874 
                 50 
               
               
                   
                 Four of a Kind 
                 0.001994718 
                 25 
               
               
                   
                 Full House 
                 0.027172988 
                 5 
               
               
                   
                 Flush 
                 0.040041292 
                 4 
               
               
                   
                 Three of a Kind 
                 0.049775183 
                 3 
               
               
                   
                 Straight 
                 0.071584167 
                 2 
               
               
                   
                 All Other Hands 
                 0.808055710 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                   
                 1.000000000 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0023]    The seven-card hand rankings, with the associated pay table (that is preferably shown legend  66 ) for a preferred embodiment of the present invention applied to a pai gow poker game are shown in the table below: 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 3 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 7 CARD HANDS AND PAYS 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 HAND 
                 PROBABILITY 
                 PAY 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 7 Card St Flush No Joker 
                 2.07599E−07 
                 Progressive 
               
               
                   
                 7 Card St Flush W/Joker 
                 1.27155E−06 
                 Bonus Game 1 
               
               
                   
                 5 Aces 
                 7.31788E−06 
                 Bonus Game 2 
               
               
                   
                 Royal Flush 
                 0.000169271 
                 Bonus Game 3 
               
               
                   
                 Straight Flush 
                 0.001197874 
                 Bonus Game 4 
               
               
                   
                 Four of a Kind 
                 0.001994718 
                 Bonus Game 5 
               
               
                   
                 Full House 
                 0.027172988 
                 Bonus Game 6 
               
               
                   
                 Flush 
                 0.040041292 
                 4 
               
               
                   
                 Three of a Kind 
                 0.049775183 
                 3 
               
               
                   
                 Straight 
                 0.071584167 
                 2 
               
               
                   
                 All Other Hands 
                 0.808055710 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                   
                 1.000000000 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0024]    As demonstrated by Table 3, whenever a player achieves a flush, straight or three of a kind, they receive a fixed multiplier on their secondary wager, as in the prior art game. Whenever a player achieves the rarest hand possible, the seven-card straight flush without the use of a joker, the player is awarded the progressive prize without further play as in the prior art game demonstrated on Table 2. However when the player achieves one of the six hands comprising a seven-card straight flush with a joker, five aces (using the joker), a royal flush (with or without the joker), a straight flush (with or without the joker), four of a kind or a full house, the player will be awarded the opportunity to play a bonus game. The bonus game to be played is determined by the combination of cards, or hand hierarchy, achieved. 
         [0025]    Referring now to  FIG. 3 , in the preferred embodiment, each of the six hands that qualify the player to play a bonus game, entitle the player to play a bonus game that is specific to the qualifying hand. The bonus game to be played is preferably played on the video display  80 . In the preferred embodiment each of the bonus games is the spin of a wheel  300  on the video display  80 . The wheel  300  is divided into six segments,  300 A,  300 B,  300 C,  300 D,  300 E and  300 F. Each segment indicates a prize. Preferably, one of the segments indicates that the player has won the progressive prize. The other segments preferably indicate a multiplier that the player is paid on his secondary wager. 
         [0026]    The segment and therefore the prize to be awarded to the player is indicated by a pointer  305 . In practice, the wheel is spun and the segment is selected using a computer  400  executing a RNG using methods well known in the art. The probability of a specific segment being selected can therefore be weighted as desired. 
         [0027]    The amount of the progressive prize may also be shown on the video display  80  in a banner  310  that is continually updating the amount of the progressive. Alternatively, the amount of the progressive may be shown on a separate display (not shown). 
         [0028]    In the preferred embodiment the dealer enters a player&#39;s qualifying hand in the control pad  82 . The control pad  82  communicates with the computer  400  via an input pathway  410  and the computer  400  alters the video output sent to the video display  80  via a video pathway  420  to display the appropriate bonus wheel  300 . In the exemplar shown on  FIG. 3  a wheel corresponding to Bonus Game 1 is being shown. The bonus game may then be played automatically or initiated through additional input from the dealer or player through the control pad  82  or additional inputs, such as buttons installed at each player position (not shown). 
         [0029]    Each bonus wheel  300  comprises the bonus game and can be defined by the multiplier values shown on the segments  300 A to  300 F as well as the probability of each segment being selected. Tables 4 to 9 below shows the bonus games and average return to the player for the preferred embodiment of the present game where the progressive resets at an amount of $5,000 and the secondary wager is $1. The bonus game shown on the display device  80  in  FIG. 3  corresponds to Bonus Game 1 below. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 4 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 BONUS GAME 1 - 7 CARD STRAIGHT FLUSH W/JOKER 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 SEGMENT 
                 PRIZE 
                 PROBABILITY 
                 RETURN 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 A 
                 Progressive 
                 0.02000 
                 100 
               
               
                   
                 B 
                 2,500X     
                 0.08000 
                 200 
               
               
                   
                 C 
                 1000X  
                 0.20000 
                 200 
               
               
                   
                 D 
                 900X 
                 0.24000 
                 216 
               
               
                   
                 E 
                 800X 
                 0.26000 
                 208 
               
               
                   
                 F 
                 600X 
                 0.20000 
                 120 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 1.00000 
                 1044 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0030]    By displaying a different wheel  300  with different amounts indicated in segments  300 A-F, the same display  80  can also be used to play the following bonus games: 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 5 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 BONUS GAME 2 - 5 ACES 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 SEGMENT 
                 PRIZE 
                 PROBABILITY 
                 RETURN 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 A 
                 Progressive 
                 0.00160 
                 8.0 
               
               
                   
                 B 
                 800X 
                 0.04800 
                 38.4 
               
               
                   
                 C 
                 600X 
                 0.08000 
                 48.0 
               
               
                   
                 D 
                 400X 
                 0.28000 
                 112.0 
               
               
                   
                 E 
                 300X 
                 0.31200 
                 93.6 
               
               
                   
                 F 
                 250X 
                 0.27840 
                 69.6 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 1.00000 
                 369.6 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 6 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 BONUS GAME 3 - ROYAL FLUSH 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 SEGMENT 
                 PRIZE 
                 PROBABILITY 
                 RETURN 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 A 
                 Progressive 
                 0.00100 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 B 
                 250X 
                 0.04000 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 C 
                 200X 
                 0.08000 
                 16.0 
               
               
                   
                 D 
                 150X 
                 0.32000 
                 48.0 
               
               
                   
                 E 
                 100X 
                 0.35100 
                 35.1 
               
               
                   
                 F 
                  75X 
                 0.20800 
                 15.6 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 1.00000 
                 129.7 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 7 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 BONUS GAME 4 - STRAIGHT FLUSH 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 SEGMENT 
                 PRIZE 
                 PROBABILITY 
                 RETURN 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 A 
                 Progressive 
                 0.00040 
                 2.00 
               
               
                   
                 B 
                 250X 
                 0.08000 
                 8.00 
               
               
                   
                 C 
                 200X 
                 0.11960 
                 8.97 
               
               
                   
                 D 
                 150X 
                 0.18000 
                 9.00 
               
               
                   
                 E 
                 100X 
                 0.32000 
                 9.60 
               
               
                   
                 F 
                  75X 
                 0.30000 
                 6.00 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 1.00000 
                 43.57 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 8 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 BONUS GAME 5 - 4 OF A KIND 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 SEGMENT 
                 PRIZE 
                 PROBABILITY 
                 RETURN 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 A 
                 Progressive 
                 0.00020 
                 1.000 
               
               
                   
                 B 
                 50X 
                 0.01000 
                 0.5000 
               
               
                   
                 C 
                 30X 
                 0.02000 
                 0.6000 
               
               
                   
                 D 
                 25X 
                 0.24000 
                 6.000 
               
               
                   
                 E 
                 20X 
                 0.37500 
                 7.500 
               
               
                   
                 F 
                 15X 
                 0.35480 
                 5.322 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 1.00000 
                 20.922 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 9 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 BONUS GAME 6 - FULL HOUSE 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 SEGMENT 
                 PRIZE 
                 PROBABILITY 
                 RETURN 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 A 
                 Progressive 
                 0.00004 
                 0.2000 
               
               
                   
                 B 
                 8X 
                 0.02000 
                 0.1600 
               
               
                   
                 C 
                 6X 
                 0.05996 
                 0.3598 
               
               
                   
                 D 
                 5X 
                 0.32000 
                 1.6000 
               
               
                   
                 E 
                 4X 
                 0.32000 
                 1.2800 
               
               
                   
                 F 
                 3X 
                 0.28000 
                 0.8400 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 1.00000 
                 4.4398 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0031]    The total return to the player for the secondary wager can be calculated by summing the return to the player for each hand combination along with the percentage contribution of each bet that is added to the progressive prize. The return for each hand is the probability of each hand times the average return to the player for that hand, when expressed as a “for one” pay for its associated bonus game (e.g., the return on a full house is 0.027172988×(4.44+1)=0.147814531). Similarly, the probability of a player winning the progressive prize can be calculated by summing the probability of a qualifying hand by the probability of winning the progressive through the associated bonus game. These two calculations are illustrated for the discussed preferred embodiment in Table 10 below: 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 10 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 PAI GOW SECONDARY WAGER RETURNS 
               
             
          
           
               
                 HAND 
                 RETURN 
                 PROGRESSIVE WIN 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 7 Card St Flush No Joker 
                 0.001038204 
                 2.07599E−07 
               
               
                 7 Card St Flush W/Joker 
                 0.001328765 
                 2.54309E−08 
               
               
                 5 Aces 
                 0.002712005 
                 1.17086E−08 
               
               
                 Royal Flush 
                 0.022123759 
                 1.69271E−07 
               
               
                 Straight Flush 
                 0.053389248 
                 4.7915E−07  
               
               
                 Four of a Kind 
                 0.043728211 
                 3.98944E−07 
               
               
                 Full House 
                 0.147814531 
                 1.08692E−06 
               
               
                 Flush 
                 0.200206458 
                 0 
               
               
                 Three of a Kind 
                 0.199100732 
                 0 
               
               
                 Straight 
                 0.214752501 
                 0 
               
               
                 All Other Hands 
                 0.00000000 
                 0 
               
               
                 Progressive Contribution 
                 0.05000000 
               
               
                   
                 0.936194414 
                 2.37902E−06 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0032]    Therefore, the secondary wager in the preferred embodiment discussed has a house edge of approximately 6.4%. By inverting the total probability of winning the progressive, the average number of hands required for the progressive to be won, or progressive cycle, can also be determined. In the preferred embodiment discussed the progressive cycle is 420,341 games (e.g. 1/2.37902E-06). It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the progressive cycle for the prior art games was always greater than 4,816,971. Thus, through the addition of a plurality of bonus games and associated qualifying events the progressive cycle has been reduced to a level more desired by the casino. 
         [0033]    Preferably, as indicated in the previously discussed embodiment, the probability of the hand resulting in the bonus game is inversely related to the probability of winning the progressive prize by playing the associated bonus game. In other words, when players qualify for a bonus game with rarer hand, they are more likely to win the progressive prize relative to when players qualify for a bonus game with a hand that is not as rare. 
         [0034]    Although the bonus games in the preferred embodiment have been described as a plurality of video reels, there is no requirement that all of the bonus games be the same type of game. For instance, one of the bonus games could be a video reel, or a group of reels as is routinely used in slot machines. Other bonus games are also possible. Additionally, although the bonus games described have been played in a video format, it would be a simple matter to develop one or more mechanical bonus games, such as a mechanical wheel. The use of the video display  80  is preferable because the plurality of bonus games can readily be played on a single device, however. 
         [0035]      FIG. 4  shows the primary components comprising the computer  400  used in the present invention. The computer  400  comprises a processor  200  and memory device  210 . 
         [0036]    Preferably the computer  400  is located at the gaming table, but it should be appreciated that it is possible for both the processor  200  and memory device  210  to reside at a central location instead of at the gaming table. In such a situation, a network server may be used to communicate to the gaming device over an Internet connection, local area network (LAN), or wide area network (WAN). 
         [0037]    The computer  400  is configured to output video to one or more display devices  230  using a video controller  270  or controllers  275 . The display devices  230  preferably include the control pad  82  and video display  80 . Preferably the computer  400  receives inputs from a touch screen  260  affixed to the control pad  82  utilizing a touch screen controller  265 . Other input devices  220 , such as buttons, may also be utilized by either the player or the dealer to communicate with the computer  400 . Other input devices  220  may be used to detect wagers placed in the wager circles  65  and  64 . In addition to video output, the computer may provide audio output via a sound card  240  and speakers  250 . 
         [0038]    The computer  400  has two primary purposes in the present invention. The first is to administer the progressive prize and increment accordingly. This is done by storing the amount of the progressive prize in memory  210 . Additionally, preferably secondary wagers placed on secondary wager circles  65  are detected using methods well known in the gaming art, such as, but not limited to, mechanically detecting a gaming chip placed in a slot, or using light, sonic waves, RFID technology or cameras communicating with pattern recognition software to detect the presence and/or denomination of gaming chips. Such systems are generally described in Bahar, U.S. Pat. No. 7,559,839, incorporated herein by reference. The current amount of the progressive prize is preferably shown by the computer  400  using one of the display devices  230 . 
         [0039]    The second primary purpose of the computer  400  is to conduct the play of the plurality of bonus games. Preferably the software for play of the bonus games, including probabilities, pays, associated animations and a RNG are stored on the memory  210 . 
         [0040]    Additional advantages of the present invention will now be described by discussing another embodiment utilizing a different basic table game.  FIG. 2  shows a table  52  suitable for playing a table game known as Four Card Poker™ as described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,584,966 issued to Shuffle Master, Inc. In the game, each player places an initial primary wager in a first primary wager circle  64   a  as well as a secondary wager in secondary wager circle  65 . Each player and the dealer is then dealt five cards from a standard card deck of fifty-two cards that they use to make a four-card poker hand. If the player desires to play his hand against the dealer&#39;s the player places an additional primary wager in second primary wager circle  64   b  and places his hand in a player hand position  62   c . If the player doesn&#39;t desire to play further, he folds his hand and the dealer collects the wagers from circles  65  and  64   a.    
         [0041]    Once all player hands are set, the dealer reveals the dealer&#39;s hand at a dealer hand position  69 . Each player&#39;s hand is then compared to the dealer&#39;s hand using a predetermined hierarchy of hands and the player is paid on for winning hands on the primary wagers. If the player&#39;s hand is sufficiently high on the hierarchy of hands, they were also paid, in the prior art game, a fixed multiplier of the player&#39;s secondary wager. By applying the present invention to this known game a plurality of bonus games will now be awarded to the player in lieu of the fixed multiplier. The hierarchy for the four card poker hands as well as the pays (which are indicated on legend  66 ) and probabilities associated with each in a preferred embodiment are shown in Table 11, below: 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 11 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 4 CARD HANDS AND PROBABILITIES 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 HAND 
                 PROBABILITY 
                 PAY 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 4 Aces 
                 1.84689E−05 
                 Bonus Game 7 
               
               
                   
                 4 Kings to Tens 
                 7.38757E−05 
                 Bonus Game 8 
               
               
                   
                 4 Nines to Twos 
                 0.000147751 
                 Bonus Game 9 
               
               
                   
                 Straight Flush 
                 0.000797242 
                  Bonus Game 10 
               
               
                   
                 Three of a Kind 
                 0.022569028 
                  Bonus Game 11 
               
               
                   
                 Flush 
                 0.044100717 
                 4 
               
               
                   
                 Straight 
                 0.039172592 
                 3 
               
               
                   
                 Two Pair 
                 0.047539016 
                 2 
               
               
                   
                 Pair of Aces 
                 0.031203251 
                 Push 
               
               
                   
                 All Other Hands 
                 0.814378059 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                   
                 1.000000000 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0042]    As with the Bonus Games 1 to 6 for the previous embodiment involving pai gow, Bonus Games 7 to 11 for an embodiment of the present invention for use in a Four Card Poker™ game can be defined by the following Tables 12 to 16. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 12 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 BONUS GAME 7 - 4 ACES 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 SEGMENT 
                 PRIZE 
                 PROBABILITY 
                 RETURN 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 A 
                 Progressive 
                 0.040132 
                 200.6600 
               
               
                   
                 B 
                 2,500 
                 0.040000 
                 100.0000 
               
               
                   
                 C 
                 1,500 
                 0.200000 
                 300.0000 
               
               
                   
                 D 
                 1,000 
                 0.239880 
                 239.8800 
               
               
                   
                 E 
                 700 
                 0.240000 
                 168.0000 
               
               
                   
                 F 
                 500 
                 0.239988 
                 119.9940 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 1.00000 
                 1128.5340 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 13 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 BONUS GAME 8 - 4 KINGS TO 4 TENS 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 SEGMENT 
                 PRIZE 
                 PROBABILITY 
                 RETURN 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 A 
                 Progressive 
                 0.00416 
                 20.800 
               
               
                   
                 B 
                 500 
                 0.15780 
                 78.900 
               
               
                   
                 C 
                 300 
                 0.20000 
                 60.000 
               
               
                   
                 D 
                 250 
                 0.20400 
                 51.000 
               
               
                   
                 E 
                 150 
                 0.20800 
                 31.200 
               
               
                   
                 F 
                 100 
                 0.22604 
                 22.604 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 1.00000 
                 264.504 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 14 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 BONUS GAME 9 - 4 NINES TO 4 TWOS 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 SEGMENT 
                 PRIZE 
                 PROBABILITY 
                 RETURN 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 A 
                 Progressive 
                 0.00160 
                 8.00 
               
               
                   
                 B 
                 250 
                 0.07040 
                 17.60 
               
               
                   
                 C 
                 150 
                 0.08000 
                 12.00 
               
               
                   
                 D 
                 100 
                 0.32000 
                 32.00 
               
               
                   
                 E 
                 75 
                 0.32000 
                 24.00 
               
               
                   
                 F 
                 50 
                 0.20800 
                 10.40 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 1.00000 
                 104.00 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 15 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 BONUS GAME 10 - STRAIGHT FLUSH 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 SEGMENT 
                 PRIZE 
                 PROBABILITY 
                 RETURN 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 A 
                 Progressive 
                 0.00024 
                 1.2000 
               
               
                   
                 B 
                 100 
                 0.17976 
                 17.9760 
               
               
                   
                 C 
                 70 
                 0.22400 
                 15.6800 
               
               
                   
                 D 
                 50 
                 0.24000 
                 12.0000 
               
               
                   
                 E 
                 35 
                 0.23600 
                 8.2600 
               
               
                   
                 F 
                 20 
                 0.12000 
                 2.4000 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 1.00000 
                 57.5160 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 16 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 BONUS GAME 11 - 3 OF A KIND 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 SEGMENT 
                 PRIZE 
                 PROBABILITY 
                 RETURN 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 A 
                 Progressive 
                 0.00004 
                 0.2000 
               
               
                   
                 B 
                 25 
                 0.10000 
                 2.5000 
               
               
                   
                 C 
                 10 
                 0.26000 
                 2.6000 
               
               
                   
                 D 
                 8 
                 0.32000 
                 2.5600 
               
               
                   
                 E 
                 5 
                 0.19996 
                 0.9998 
               
               
                   
                   
                 4 
                 0.12000 
                 0.4800 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 1.00000 
                 9.3398 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0043]    Again, the total return to the player for the secondary wager in an embodiment suited for the game Four Card Poker™ can be calculated by summing the return to the player for each hand combination along with the percentage contribution of each bet that is added to the progressive prize. The return for each hand is the probability of each hand times the average return to the player for that hand, when expressed as a “for one” pay for its associated bonus game. Similarly, the probability of a player winning the progressive prize can be calculated by summing the probability of a qualifying hand by the probability of winning the progressive through the associated bonus game. These probabilities are illustrated for the discussed embodiment of Four Card Poker™ in Table 17 below: 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 17 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 FOUR CARD POKER ™ SECONDARY WAGER RETURNS 
               
             
          
           
               
                 HAND 
                 RETURN 
                 PROGRESSIVE WIN 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 4 Aces 
                 0.020861280 
                 7.41195E−07 
               
               
                 4 K&#39;s to Tens 
                 0.019614295 
                 3.07323E−07 
               
               
                 4 Nines to Twos 
                 0.015513898 
                 2.36402E−07 
               
               
                 Straight Flush 
                 0.046651411 
                 1.91338E−07 
               
               
                 3 of a Kind 
                 0.233359232 
                 9.02761E−07 
               
               
                 Flush 
                 0.220503586 
                 0 
               
               
                 Straight 
                 0.156690368 
                 0 
               
               
                 Two Pair 
                 0.142617047 
                 0 
               
               
                 Pair of Aces 
                 0.031203251 
                 0 
               
               
                 All Other Hands 
                 0.000000000 
                 0 
               
               
                 Progressive Contribution 
                 0.05000000 
               
               
                   
                 0.937014368 
                 2.37902E−06 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0044]    As demonstrated before, the progressive cycle is the inverse of the total probability of winning the progressive, 420,341 hands. 
         [0045]    By comparing Tables 3 and 10 with Tables 11 and 17 some important similarities as well as differences between the two exemplars will become apparent. First, it will be appreciated that the probabilities of the rarest hands in each exemplar game differ by nearly two orders of magnitude. The seven card straight flush with no joker in pai gow is almost 100 times less probable than the four aces in Four Card Poker™. However, by utilizing the present invention, the probability of a player winning the progressive on a given pai gow hand has been shifted to be greater than the probability of the of the rarest hand. In contrast, by utilizing the present invention, the probability of a player winning the progressive on a given hand of Four Card Poker™ has been shifted to be less than the probability of the rarest hand. 
         [0046]    But more importantly, the probability of a player winning the progressive prize in either game is now substantially equal. In fact, the progressive cycle for the two games is identical to the nearest whole number. By equalizing the progressive cycle, the two disparate games can now contribute to, and play for the same progressive prize fairly. Gambling regulators often require this level of fairness for two games to contribute and vie for the same progressive prize. Therefore, for the purposes of this invention, substantially equal probabilities of winning the progressive prize or the progressive cycle should be understood to mean meeting the required level of fairness imposed by various gaming regulators in the United States. 
         [0047]    Similarly, a progressive prize that is fairly awarded should be understood to mean that when players of two different types of games are both contributing to a single progressive prize, each player will have a substantially equal chance of winning the prize if their contributions to the prize are equal. Although it is preferable to have each player&#39;s contribution be equal when calculated on a “per wager” basis, it should be understood that this does not need to be the case as long as the overall contribution of each player is proportional to the player&#39;s chances of winning the prize. Thus, if a player of game A contributes $1 to a progressive prize for each play of game A and game A has, based on the chances of winning the prize at game A, a progressive cycle of 100,000 games, the progressive prize could be fairly competed for by a player of game B, if a player of game B contributes $2 to the prize for each play of game B if game B has a progressive cycle of 50,000 games. Both the player of games A and B would contribute, on average $100,000 to the progressive prize before it is won. 
         [0048]    Referring now to  FIG. 5  a plurality of tables networked together to share a common progressive prize will now be described. Tables  50   a  and  50   b  are pai gow tables as described above. Tables  52   c  and  52   d  are Four Card Poker tables as described above. Each table has a local computer  400   a - d  that now performs the primary function of conducting the bonus games at its associated table  50   a - b  and  52   c - d . Additionally, local computers  400   a - d  may perform some of the duties of administering the progressive prize. Preferably, these duties comprise collecting information about the wagers place at each computer&#39;s table and relaying that information over a network pathway  430  to a centralized progressive controller  425 . The centralized controller  425  may be similar in construction to local computer  400 . Centralized controller  425  collects progressive contribution data from the plurality of tables and maintains the amount of the progressive prize. The amount may then be relayed back to the local computers  400   a - d  so that local computers  400   a - d  can display the amount, preferably on video displays  80   a - d . Alternatively, centralized controller  425  may directly communicate with a plurality of local displays. 
         [0049]    The centralized controller  425  may physically reside on the same casino floor as tables  50   a - b  and  52   c - d  or it may be located at a remote site. In such a configuration disparate table games on different casino floors can be linked to the same progressive prize. Network pathway  430  may comprise an Internet connection, a wired or wireless local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN). Further, it may include additional servers, switches and other networking hardware for relaying the required data. 
         [0050]    Other combinations, orders of operation, additions and modifications to the foregoing may also be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. Thus, the foregoing should be considered illustrative rather than limiting the invention, which is defined only by the following claims.

Technology Category: 3