Patent Document

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0001]    1. Field of the Invention 
         [0002]    The invention relates to electronic payments by one party for another, particularly a sender purchasing mobile telephone airtime for a recipient. 
         [0003]    2. Other Related Applications 
         [0004]    The present application is a divisional of pending U.S. Patent Application No. 14/280,627, filed on May 18, 2014 by its sole Inventor Federico J. BARILLAS, which in turn claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/970,903, filed Mar. 27, 2014, both are hereby incorporated by reference. The present application is therefore filed to continue protection after the Restriction/Election Requirement of the U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/280,627. Applicant claims the benefit of prior nonprovisional application under 35 U.S.C. 121 or 365(c) to protect what the Examiner considered Species III. “A method for reimbursing a broker of mobile telephone airtime on another mobile telephone carrier”, (claims  11 - 12 , classified in H04M 5/00, HO4M 17/00, G060 10/087). 
         [0005]    3. Description of the Related Art 
         [0006]    In the United States, a majority of mobile telephone users has a contract requiring a monthly payment in exchange for a bundle of services: i.e. a quantity of call minutes, a quantity of SMS messages, and an amount of data. When the user exceeds the contract&#39;s limits, the mobile phone owner&#39;s account is billed on the next month&#39;s bill. 
         [0007]    In contrast, in other countries, a majority of mobile telephone users use prepaid plans, as opposed to contracts. In prepaid plans, the user purchases an amount of airtime, SMS messages, or data before the user consumes them. Once the pre-paid supply is exhausted, the user purchases additional services to replenish his or her account. 
         [0008]    Another difference in consumption of mobile telephone services outside the United States, is that owners frequently purchase airtime in micropayments. For example, users frequently pay one dollar each day ($1/day) to provide for that day&#39;s airtime. To avoid missing calls, the replenishment system for mobile telephones needs to work in real time. 
         [0009]    Many immigrants and their family members work in the United States and send money to their families still living in their countries of origin. Many family members working in the United States prefer to direct payments for particular services, rather than making lump payments that are distributed at the recipient&#39;s discretion. By directing payment, the risk of allocating against the sender&#39;s intent is minimized. However, the cost of transferring money by traditional services prevents senders from sending multiple payments of smaller amounts for goods and services directly to approved vendors. In addition, many senders and recipients do not use the banking system but still need to send payments electronically. 
         [0010]    Accordingly, a need exists to provide a method for sending money in small amounts directly to approved vendors. 
         [0011]    Within the field of mobile communications, SMS aggregators exist. SMS aggregators have contracts with mobile carriers to provide services to mobile phone owners. In exchange for providing the services, the SMS aggregator bills the mobile carrier of the purchaser. In turn, the mobile carrier bills the user (i.e. the purchaser/recipient of the service). When the user pays his or her bill, the carrier retains part of the fee and disburses the remainder to the SMS aggregator. Typical goods services offered by SMS aggregators include ringtones, games, themes, wallpapers, and digital music files. 
         [0012]    To facilitate purchases, SMS aggregators use SMS messaging to initiate purchases, to deliver content, and to track billing. 
         [0013]    SMS aggregators have completed the significant effort of creating relationships with various mobile phone carriers and of qualifying themselves as vendors. 
         [0014]    In light of regulatory changes that limited SMS aggregators from selling their traditional services, many SMS aggregators are seeking new sources of income that can utilize their existing relationships with mobile phone carriers. 
         [0015]    An object of the invention is to provide a method for financing purchases for others using a sender&#39;s charge account that overcomes the disadvantages of the devices and methods of this general type and of the prior art. 
         [0016]    To meet the objects, the invention includes a method for financing a purchase for a recipient on an account of a sender. The recipient does not need to have a relationship with the creditor of the sender&#39;s account. Instead a broker of the creditor and a broker of the recipient acts as intermediaries. The broker of the recipient can rely on the obligations between the sender and the creditor to deliver goods or servers before receiving payment from the sender. For example, the invention provides a method for allowing a mobile telephone user to purchase mobile telephone airtime for a recipient and have the purchase price billed to the user&#39;s account, even if the recipient uses a different carrier than the sender. 
         [0017]    In a first step of the invention, a sender establishes an account with a creditor. An account is a record of debit and credit entries to cover transactions between the sender and the creditor. The sender is obliged to repay the creditor for transactions debited to the account. A contract between the sender and the creditor can obligate the sender to repay debits on the sender&#39;s account. A sender is a party that can form an obligation with the creditor. A sender can be a person or legal entity such as a corporation. With regard to the invention, a sender is a party that intends to purchase a good or service, such as mobile telephone airtime, for a recipient. 
         [0018]    Using the mobile telephone airtime example, a mobile telephone service carrier is a creditor to a sender. The sender has a contract to pay an agreed upon amount of money for a quantity and quality of mobile telephone airtime. In addition, the sender is obligated by the contract to pay the carrier for additional services that the sender buys from the carrier. The carrier typically bills the sender monthly for the sender&#39;s monthly fee plus any additional purchases. The bill usually specifies a thirty-day period for the sender to pay the sender&#39;s account. 
         [0019]    After the sender establishes the account, the sender sends a purchase order to a broker of the creditor. The purchase order should identify the account of the sender, the recipient, and the good or service to be purchased. Using the example of a sender buying a recipient mobile telephone airtime, the purchase order could include a telephone number of the sender to identify the sender&#39;s account, a price of mobile telephone airtime to be purchased for the recipient, and the mobile telephone number of the recipient. The broker can use a computer to parse a sender&#39;s telephone number from the message to remove the requirement that the sender add the sender&#39;s telephone number. 
         [0020]    A broker is an agent who negotiates contracts of purchase and sale for someone else. According to the invention, the creditor has a broker (i.e. a creditor broker) that is authorized to negotiating contracts with users of the creditor, for example, the sender. The creditor&#39;s broker is further authorized to make contracts to purchase goods and services for the creditor. 
         [0021]    According to the invention, the creditor broker is authorized to make purchasers for account holders of the creditor. The creditor has contracted with the creditor broker to bill the creditor&#39;s account holders on behalf of the broker for the goods and services bought by the account users through the creditor broker. 
         [0022]    Returning to the method according to the invention, after the sender submits the purchase order, the next step is debiting the account of the sender for the price of the good or service. The price to be debited is the retail price of the good and service. 
         [0023]    After the creditor broker receives the purchase order from the sender, the creditor broker sends a purchase order for the good or service from the broker of the creditor (A/K/A the creditor broker) to a broker of a supplier (A/K/A a supplier broker). The purchase order should identify the recipient and the good or service to be delivered. 
         [0024]    According to the invention, the supplier broker is authorized to negotiate sales contracts for other parties and the creditor. For example, the supplier broker can buy goods and services from the supplier and instruct the supplier to deliver the goods and services to an end user, for example, the recipient. The creditor&#39;s broker is further authorized to make contracts to purchase goods and services for the creditor. 
         [0025]    After the supplier broker receives the purchase order, the supplier broker sends a purchase order from the supplier broker to the supplier. The purchase order should specify the recipient and the good or service to be delivered by the supplier. 
         [0026]    The supplier delivers the good or service from the supplier to the recipient based on the purchase order. 
         [0027]    According to the invention, after the sender credits (i.e. pays) the sender&#39;s account, the creditor reimburses the broker of the supplier. The reimbursement can pass through intervening brokers or directly to the supplier broker. 
         [0028]    In accordance with a further object of the invention, the method is particularly useful in the mobile telephone example. In this example, the creditor is a mobile telephone service carrier. A carrier is also known as a service provider. The sender is a mobile telephone user with a mobile telephone associated with the account with the mobile telephone service carrier. The purchase order from the sender to a broker of the creditor is sent from the mobile telephone of the sender. Sending a purchase order from a mobile telephone of the sender helps to authenticate the sender with the account. 
         [0029]    The purchase order from the sender to a broker of the creditor can be a text message sent by SMS protocol from the mobile telephone of the sender. The text message should include a telephone number of the recipient and a price that the sender is to be charged. Text messages sent by SMS protocol are particularly useful because SMS protocol is a ubiquitous standard. In addition, a computer can parse easily text messages. In addition, the text characters are a limited set that can be easily parsed by a computer at the creditor broker to read the recipient&#39;s country code, telephone number, and price of time to be purchased. An SMS text message also identifies the mobile telephone number of the sender, which can be easily related to a carrier and account number. 
         [0030]    Continuing the mobile telephone example, the method according to the invention can be used by a sender to purchase mobile telephone airtime credit for a recipient. Mobile telephone airtime credit means a value that can be used by the recipient to purchase mobile telephone call time, SMS messages, internet data, and other goods and services sold by a mobile phone carrier. 
         [0031]    The method of the invention is particularly useful for sending small amounts of mobile telephone airtime. Many mobile telephone users replenish their pay-as-you-go mobile phones with small purchases. An analysis showed that mobile phone users replenish their pay-as-you-go mobile telephones on a daily business and that the size of the purchase is only enough to cover the particular day. The invention allows for a sender to purchase mobile telephone minutes in small, daily-sized purchases because the method does not charge a large (i.e. greater than $5) transaction fee. A small amount of mobile telephone airtime presently can be purchased for no more than five United States Dollars (&gt;$5 USD). Typically, purchases will be made for one United States Dollar ($1 USD). 
         [0032]    An additional benefit of limiting transfers to small sized transaction amounts is that the method becomes inconvenient to launder money. By capping transaction sizes to no more than five dollars (≦$5), too many transactions would be required to transfer a significant aggregated amount to an account of a user in a foreign country. In addition, by purchasing a good or service, the transaction has a quid-pro-quo that inhibits laundering. 
         [0033]    In accordance with a further object of the invention, the creditor broker can be an SMS aggregator. An SMS aggregator provides connectivity with mobile telephone carriers by offering an effective gateway to both send and receive messages and other multimedia or digital content. SMS aggregators have contracted with at least one mobile telephone carrier to allow the aggregator to sell goods and services to the carrier&#39;s users. The price of the goods and services are billed to the User&#39;s account with the carrier. The SMS aggregator is paid when the user pays the user&#39;s account. 
         [0034]    SMS aggregators provide a number for users to submit orders via text message using the SMS protocol. The number is preferably an SMS short code. The number can be a mobile telephone number or other identifier. Short codes are designed to be easier to read and remember than normal telephone numbers. The short code is maintained by the creditor broker and is affiliated with the seller broker. When the creditor broker receives a purchase order, i.e. a request to transfer mobile airtime, at a particular number, the SMS aggregator knows to which seller broker to pass the purchase order. 
         [0035]    To lower the cost of buying goods and services from the supplier, the supplier broker can aggregate goods and services being bought by multiple senders to send to various recipients. By aggregating the goods and services, the supplier broker increases its purchasing power and can negotiate a lower wholesale price. In the mobile telephone airtime market, the supplier broker can buy a pool of mobile telephone airtime in advance at a discount. Then as purchase orders arrive, the seller broker can contact the supplier to allocate immediately a portion of the pre-purchased mobile airtime pool to a specified recipient. The supplier broker can charge the sender a retail price for the goods and services purchased. The difference between the wholesale and retail prices add to the supplier broker&#39;s profits. 
         [0036]    A further object of the invention is to provide a method for delivering a good or service in near real time to a recipient from when the sender ordered it. An additional related object is to relay a confirmation of a delivery of the good or service from the supplier to the purchaser as quickly as possible. The contractual chain of relationships (i.e. purchaser-creditor, creditor-creditor broker, creditor broker-supplier broker, supplier broker-supplier, and supplier-recipient) enable the supplier to deliver the ordered good and service immediately after the supplier receives the purchase order from the broker of the purchaser. Immediate means that none of the parties in the chain need to receive actual payment before the good or service is delivered. No upfront payment is required because the parties trust their contractual obligations and the level of risk of breach of contract is not excessive. 
         [0037]    The invention includes a method for reimbursing a broker of a first mobile telephone carrier for purchases of mobile telephone airtime on another mobile telephone carrier. In this method, a sender establishes an account with a creditor. The creditor and the creditor broker form a contractual obligation. The creditor broker and a supplier broker form a contractual relationship. The creditor broker receives a purchase order from the sender and passes the purchase order to the supplier broker. 
         [0038]    The creditor broker then receives an invoice for the good or service from the supplier broker. The invoice identifies the account of the purchaser and a price to the purchaser. 
         [0039]    The creditor broker forwards the invoice to the creditor. The creditor broker receives a payment from the creditor when the sender pays the account. The creditor broker retains a portion of the payment and forwards the remainder to the supplier broker. The size of the portion kept by the creditor broker is established by the contract between the creditor broker and the supplier broker. 
         [0040]    The invention includes a method for brokering a purchase of wireless telephone airtime for a recipient that uses a different carrier than a purchaser. The method includes receiving a purchase order from a mobile telephone user, i.e. the sender or purchaser. The purchase order includes a price to the purchaser. The broker of the sender&#39;s carrier sends an invoice to a carrier of the purchaser for the price. The sender&#39;s carrier&#39;s broker sends a purchase order for the wireless airtime to a broker of a carrier of the recipient. The sender&#39;s carrier&#39;s broker is paid a portion of the price of the wireless airtime upon payment by the sender to the carrier of the sender. The remainder of the payment can be forwarded to the broker of the supplier. 
         [0041]    The invention includes a method for selling mobile airtime of a first carrier to a purchaser using a second carrier. The method includes purchasing mobile telephone airtime on the first carrier, i.e. the supplier. The next step involves allocating the mobile telephone airtime to a mobile telephone account of a recipient after receiving a purchase order. The purchase order should identify an account of the purchaser with the second carrier, i.e. the creditor. The purchase order should include a price of mobile telephone airtime to be bought. After allocating the airtime to the recipient, the next step is sending an invoice to the second carrier. The invoice should identify the account of the purchaser and a price for the mobile telephone airtime. A pool of mobile telephone airtime can be purchased in advance to take advantage of discounted bulk pricing. An alternative would be to purchase more mobile telephone airtime from the first carrier than the sender requests after receiving the purchase order. The extra mobile telephone airtime can be sold to a subsequent recipient in a subsequent purchase. 
         [0042]    The invention includes a method for a first carrier to sell mobile telephone airtime on the first carrier to a purchaser using a second carrier. The method includes receiving a purchase order. The purchase order should identify a mobile telephone account of a recipient on the first carrier and a value of mobile telephone minutes. The next step involves allocating the value of mobile telephone minutes on the first carrier to the mobile telephone account of the recipient. The next step involves sending an invoice to the second carrier. The invoice should identify a mobile telephone account of the sender and a price of the mobile telephone minutes. The purchase order can be derived from a text message sent by SMS protocol from the mobile device of the sender. The first carrier can allocate the amount of mobile telephone minutes before the sender pays the invoice. 
         [0043]    The invention includes a method of selecting when to buy mobile telephone airtime from a supplier carrier. When the difference of the price charged by the purchaser&#39;s carrier minus the cost charged by the seller&#39;s carrier is greater than a transaction cost charged by the purchaser&#39;s carrier plus a transaction cost charged by the purchaser&#39;s carrier&#39;s broker&#39;s transaction cost, plus other transaction costs, then a supplier&#39;s broker should purchase mobile telephone airtime from the supplier. Likewise, if the condition is not met, the supplier&#39;s broker should not purchase mobile telephone airtime from the supplier carrier. 
         [0044]    The invention includes a method for determining what price to buy mobile telephone airtime from the supplier carrier. The supplier&#39;s broker should offer to buy mobile telephone airtime from the supplier at a price that is less than the price charged to a purchaser less the sum of a transaction cost charged by the purchaser&#39;s carrier and the purchaser&#39;s broker and other costs. 
         [0045]    Other features that are considered as characteristic for the invention are set forth in the appended claims. 
         [0046]    Although the invention is illustrated and described herein as embodied in a method for financing purchases for others using a sender&#39;s charge account, the invention should not be limited to the details shown in those embodiments because various modifications and structural changes may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention while remaining within the scope and range of equivalents of the claims. 
         [0047]    The construction and method of operation of the invention and additional objects and advantages of the invention is best understood from the following description of specific embodiments when read in connection with the accompanying drawings. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF  THE DRAWING  
         [0048]      FIG. 1  is a screenshot of a mobile phone screen showing a user initiating a purchase. 
           [0049]      FIG. 2  is a screenshot of a mobile phone screen showing a request for confirmation of the purchase. 
           [0050]      FIG. 3  is a screenshot of a mobile phone screen showing the sender confirming the purchase. 
           [0051]      FIG. 4  is a screenshot of a mobile phone screen showing confirmation of the purchase. 
           [0052]      FIG. 5  is a schematic drawing showing a billing cycle in a method according to the invention. 
           [0053]      FIG. 6  is a schematic drawing showing an international purchase process. 
           [0054]      FIG. 7  is a schematic drawing of a system according to the invention. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0055]    A preferred embodiment of the invention is a method for purchasing mobile phone airtime for another by advancing the cost of the purchased time until the sender&#39;s carrier reimburses the cost after the sender pays the sender&#39;s telephone bill. 
         [0056]      FIG. 7  shows an embodiment of a system that can be utilized with the method according to the invention. A plurality of senders  110 A,  110 B,  110 C, and  110 D use a client to access a network  55 A. Senders are also referred in this application as purchasers and mobile users. Preferred embodiments of clients include mobile telephones, smartphones, and wireless network adapters. A preferred embodiment of the network  55 A is a mobile telephone and data network. Senders have a contract with a carrier to provide access to the network  55 A. In the example shown in  FIG. 7 , sender  110 A and sender  110 B have contracts with sender carrier  120 A to provide senders  110 A and  110 B access to the network  55 A. Sender  110 C and  110 D have contracts with sender carrier  120 B to provide the senders  110 C and  110 D access to the network  55 A. Each sender carrier  120 A and  120 B is connected via a network. Preferably, the network is the Internet  60 . 
         [0057]    An aggregator  130  is connected to the mobile network  55 A and the sender carriers  120 A and  120 B via the Internet  60 . The aggregator  130  hosts a computer server connected to the mobile network  55 A. The server receives, parses, processes, and logs purchase orders received from senders  110 A,  110 B,  110 C, and  110 D. The aggregator  130  is a broker of the sender carriers  120 A and  120 B. The aggregator  130  has contracted with each of the sender carriers  120 A and  120 B to receive purchase orders from senders of carrier  120 A and  120 B and to invoice the sender carriers  120 A and  120 B for purchases made by the given sender carriers&#39;  120 A or  120 B senders. 
         [0058]    A recipient broker  140  is an agent authorized to buy and resell mobile telephone airtime from recipient carriers. The recipient broker  140  hosts a computer server connected to the Internet  60 . The computer server receives purchase orders forwarded by the Aggregator  130 , processes the purchase orders, and logs the purchase orders. The computer server sends instructions to the recipient carriers  150 A or  150 B to allocate purchased mobile telephone airtime to respective recipients  110 E,  110 F,  110 G, or  110 H based on the purchase orders. The computer server sends invoices for the purchased mobile telephone airtime from the broker  140  to the aggregator  130 . Preferably, the recipient broker  140  is authorized to make purchases from many recipient carriers, for example recipient carrier  150 A and recipient carrier  150 B. The broker  140  has a contract with each recipient carrier  150 A and  150 B to purchase mobile airtime and then allocate this airtime to various recipients  110 E,  110 F,  110 G, and  110 H, who are clients on the recipient carriers  150 A or  150 B. The broker  140  has a contract with the aggregator  130  as well. The contract between the broker  140  and the aggregator  130  obligates the aggregator  130  to forward to broker  140  purchase orders to be filled by the broker  140 . The aggregator  130  is obligated to invoice sender carriers  120 A and  120 B for the price of purchase orders forwarded to the broker  140 . The contract provides for the aggregator  130  to retain a portion of the payment when reimbursed by the sender carriers  120 A and  120 B. 
         [0059]    The broker  140  owns a mobile telephone number for receiving purchase orders from the senders  110 A,  110 B,  110 C, and  110 D. Preferably, the purchase orders are text messages sent by SMS protocol to the mobile telephone number of the broker  140 . The aggregator  130  hosts the mobile telephone number of the broker  140 . Preferably, the mobile telephone number of the broker  140  is an SMS short code. 
         [0060]    The recipients  110 E,  110 F,  110 G, and  110 H are mobile device users on the mobile network  55 B. In the example shown, the recipients  110 E and  110 F are prepaid account users on recipient carrier  150 A. The recipient carrier  150 A provides the recipients  110 E and  110 F access to mobile telephone network  55 B. The recipients  110 G and  110 H are account holders with recipient carrier  150 B. The recipient carrier  150 B provides recipients  110 G and  110 H access to mobile telephone network  55 B. 
         [0061]    The mobile telephone networks  55 A and  55 B can be located in the same or different countries. 
         [0062]      FIGS. 1-4  show the process by which a sender  110  uses a mobile phone to initiate a purchase of airtime for a recipient.  FIGS. 1-4  are screenshots of a window  10  displayed by an SMS application running on a mobile phone. Within the window  10  a message transcript window  13  shows a conversation view of the transaction. 
         [0063]    In a preferred embodiment, a sender begins an engagement by sending a purchase order in the form of a text message  12  to a mobile telephone number  11 . The mobile telephone number  11  is associated with a broker  140 . The mobile telephone number  11  is hosted by the aggregator  130 . The purchase order includes a price  14  to be paid by the sender and a recipient address  15  in the form of a mobile telephone number of the recipient. The recipient&#39;s mobile telephone number  15  includes a country area code for international recipients. Preferably, the mobile telephone number  11  is a short code.  FIGS. 1-4  use the short code “ 8677 ” as the mobile telephone number  11  associated with the broker  140 . 
         [0064]    The SMS aggregator  130  receives the text message  12  from the sender  110 . The SMS aggregator  130  parses the text message  12  to identify the recipient&#39;s country, the price  14 , the sender&#39;s mobile telephone number, and the sender&#39;s mobile telephone carrier  120 . As shown in  FIG. 2 , the SMS aggregator  130  returns a text message  20  to the sender  110 . The text message  20  includes the price  21  to be charged, the recipient&#39;s telephone number  22 , the recipient&#39;s country  23 , and includes a request for the sender to confirm the transaction by replying “yes” or “no”. 
         [0065]      FIG. 3  shows a text message  30  in which the sender  110  confirmed the transaction listed in text message  20  by sending a confirmation  31  to the mobile telephone number  11  of the broker  140 . 
         [0066]    The aggregator  130  reports the purchase order to the broker  140  in real time. The broker  140  credits an amount of airtime on the recipient&#39;s carrier  150  whose value is no greater than the price  14  minus a cost charged by the aggregator  130  and a cost charged by the sender&#39;s carrier  150 . The amount of airtime to the recipient can be based on a retail rate even if the broker  140  is purchasing the airtime at a wholesale price. The recipient&#39;s carrier  150 A sends the recipient  110 E a text message confirming the amount of airtime purchased for the recipient  110 E.  FIG. 4  shows a text message  40  from the aggregator  130  to the sender  110 A. The text message  40  includes a confirmation  41 . The text message  40  further includes a promotional message  42  and a hyperlink  43  to a website of the broker  140 . 
         [0067]      FIG. 5  shows a preferred embodiment of a billing cycle. In step  1 A, the broker  140  buys mobile telephone airtime from a recipient carrier  150 A. Preferably, the broker purchases large amounts of airtime at a discounted wholesale rate and then sells the airtime at a higher retail rate. Large amounts of mobile telephone airtime means more mobile telephone airtime than is to be purchased in one particular purchase by a sender. In step  1 B, the recipient carrier  150 A credits the broker  130  with the mobile telephone airtime. In step  2 , a sender  110 A begins the engagement and confirms the transaction by replying “Yes” to the short code  11  associated with the broker  140 . In step  3 , the aggregator  130  checks with the sender&#39;s carrier  120 A for payment and credit issues. If the sender&#39;s carrier  120 A identifies no issues with an account of the sender  110 A, the sender&#39;s carrier  120 A will notify the aggregator  130  to continue. In step  4 , the aggregator  130  requests the sender&#39;s carrier  120 A to reserve the price  14  in the sender&#39;s request  12  on the next telephone bill of the sender  110 A. In step  5 , the aggregator  130  reports to the broker  140  the recipient address  15  and the price  14  minus a fee for the aggregator  130  and minus a fee for the sender&#39;s carrier  110 A. In step  6 , the broker  140  allocates an amount of mobile telephone airtime to the recipient  110 E that can be purchased at retail by the price  14  minus the costs charged by the sender&#39;s broker  120 A and the aggregator  130 . Steps  2 - 6  are to occur in near real time. The term “near real time”, refers to the time delay introduced, by automated data processing or network transmission, between the occurrence of an event and the use of the processed data, such as for display or feedback and control purposes. For purposes of this application, the term “real time” is meant to be synonymous with “near real time”. 
         [0068]    The remaining steps in the method typically occur according to the contractual terms that the parties set when establishing their billing cycles. In step  7 , the sender&#39;s carrier  120 A sends a bill to the sender  110 A. The bill includes the price  14  for each purchase order sent to the aggregator  130  in the billing period. In step  8 , the broker  140  sends an invoice to the aggregator  130 . The invoice includes a total retail value of mobile telephone airtime advanced by the broker  140  and a detail of each transaction including a recipient address  15  and a transaction retail value. In step  9 , the aggregator  130  sends an invoice to the sender&#39;s carrier  120 A. The invoice includes a total of purchase orders sent by senders  110 A and  110 B of the carrier  120  to the aggregator  130  as well as the details of the transactions including the sender&#39;s mobile telephone number and price  14 . In step  10 , the sender  110 A pays the bill of the sender&#39;s carrier  120 A. In step  11 , thirty (30) days after the invoice from the aggregator  130  is dated, the sender&#39;s carrier  120 A pays the aggregator  130 . The payment includes the retail price of the value of the airtime sold by the broker  140  plus the cost charged by the aggregator  130 . In step  12 , sixty (60) days after the sender&#39;s carrier  120 A pays the aggregator  130 , the aggregator  130  pays the broker the retail price of the mobile telephone airtime sold by the broker  140 . The aggregator  130  retains a cost charged as arranged by contract. 
         [0069]    Calculations can be made based on the billing cycle shown in  FIG. 5 . In step  1 A, the broker  140  buys mobile telephone airtime n RC  at a wholesale price Pw. The revenue of the recipient carrier R RC  and the cost for the broker CB can be calculated. 
         [0000]      P w   −n   rc   =R   rc   =C   B    
         [0070]    In step  2 , a sender  110 A begins the engagement by send purchase order including a price to the sender Ps. In step  5 , the aggregator  130  reports the purchase price Ps less a cost Csc charged by the sender&#39;s carrier and less a cost CA charged by the aggregator. From this, the revenue of the broker R B  can be calculated. 
         [0000]    
       
      
       Ps−Csc−C 
       A 
       =R 
       B  
      
     
         [0071]    In step  6 , the broker charges a cost for the transaction C B . Then, the broker advances the net amount of mobile telephone airtime T R to the mobile number of the recipient. In a preferred embodiment, the retail price PR for buying mobile telephone airtime from the recipient&#39;s carrier is used when calculating the amount. 
         [0000]      ( R   B   −C   B )/ P   R   l=T   R    
         [0072]    In step  7 , the Sender&#39;s Carrier sends a bill Bs to the sender  110 A including a number ns of purchases made from the aggregator  130 . 
         [0000]    
       
      
       B 
       s 
       =P 
       S 
       ·n 
       S  
      
     
         [0073]    In step  8 , the broker  140  sends an invoice I A  to the aggregator  130 . The invoice represents the broker&#39;s revenue R B  from that aggregator. 
         [0000]      I A =R B    
         [0074]    In step  9 , the aggregator  130  sends an invoice I SC  to the sender&#39;s carrier. 
         [0000]      I A =I SC    
         [0075]    In step  10 , the sender  110 A pays his or her phone bill Bs to the sender&#39;s carrier  120 A. In step  11 , thirty (30) days after the invoice, the sender&#39;s carrier  120 A pays the aggregator  130  the invoiced amount T AB  and retains the cost Csc of the sender&#39;s carrier  120 A, which equals the aggregator&#39;s revenue R A . 
         [0000]    
       
      
       B 
       S 
       −C 
       SC 
       =I 
       AB 
       −R 
       A  
      
     
         [0076]    In step  12 , the aggregator  130  pays the broker the invoiced amount IA and retains a cost CA kept by the aggregator  130 . The amount paid to the broker  140  is the broker&#39;s revenue R B . 
         [0000]    
       
      
       R 
       A 
       −C 
       A 
       =I 
       A 
       =R 
       B  
      
     
         [0077]    By using these variables, costs charged by parties can be negotiated. Likewise, purchasing opportunities can be evaluated for profitability. 
         [0078]      FIG. 6  shows the international top-up process. In step  1 , a sender  110 A begins the engagement by texting a purchase order including a dollar amount, country area code, and mobile phone number to a broker&#39;s mobile telephone number  11 , which is managed by the aggregator  130 . In step  2 , a computer server of the aggregator  130  parses the purchase order and identifies the country area code and returns a text message  20  asking the sender to confirm the transaction by replying “yes” or “no”. In step  3 , the sender confirms the transaction by sending a text message  30  containing “yes” to the broker&#39;s mobile telephone number  11 . In step  4 , the aggregator  130  receives the confirmation  30  and the broker  140  processes the transaction, reserving a monetary amount specified in the purchase order in the sender&#39;s telephone bill. In step  5 , the aggregator  130  reports the purchase order to the broker in near real time  140 . In step  6 , the broker  140  credits value minus a fee charged by the broker  140  to the recipient&#39;s mobile phone number  15 . In step  7 , the recipient&#39;s carrier  150 A sends the recipient  110 E a text message confirming the purchase. In step  8 , the sender  110 A receives a text message  40  confirming completion of the transaction.

Technology Category: g