Datasets:

tomekkorbak

/

pii-pile-chunk3-1400000-1450000

like 0

[ "The stated purpose of the propose conference is to \"encourage public domain research involving HMOs b enhancing the research capabilities of individual HMOs, fostering collaborative research, and influencing the national research agenda.\" ", "managed care is a major component of the U.S. health care system, and HMOs are a very important facet of managed care. ", "Because HMOs are a factor in th delivery of health care, they are in the enviable position of having the patient base (data) to investigate many of the most important questions about health care in the United States, such as concerns regarding quality of care, cost of treatment, and outcomes research." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }

[ 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Urolithiasis in pregnancy.", "\nA retrospective analysis of pregnancies complicated by urolithiasis in a major referral center for high-risk pregnancies indicated an incidence of 1:2,534. ", "In contrast to previous series, the majority of patients were primiparas. ", "The judicious use of hydration, analgesics and antibiotic therapy resulted in a high rate of spontaneous passage of stones initially localized below the renal pelvis and a favorable outcome for all pregnancies." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

[ 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Field of the Invention\nThe present invention relates to liquid discharge apparatuses for discharging liquid from nozzles.", "\nDescription of the Related Art\nAs an example of liquid discharge apparatuses for discharging liquid from nozzles, conventionally, there are publicly known image recording apparatuses for discharging inks from nozzles to carry out recording. ", "Such a publicly known image recording apparatus can move a cap for covering the nozzles of a recording head between a position in contact with the recording head to cover the nozzles, and a position separate from the recording head. ", "Further, when the recording is not carried out, the cap is positioned to cover the nozzles, and a carriage locker (a projection) moving integrally with the cap is arranged in such a position as able to overlap with the carriage in a scanning direction. ", "By virtue of this, the carriage locker restrains the carriage from moving in the scanning direction. ", "Then, when an instruction is issued to start a recoding, then the cap is moved to the position separate from the recording head and the carriage locker is also moved along with the cap. ", "By virtue of this, the carriage locker no longer overlaps with the carriage in the scanning direction, so that the carriage is released from the restraint of moving in the scanning direction." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds" }

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Cystic lesions of the pancreas: current trends in approach and management.", "\nThe more frequent deployment of cross-sectional imaging for various abdominal conditions has resulted in an increased detection of cystic pancreatic lesions, particularly cystic pancreatic neoplasms. ", "Cystic pancreatic lesions may be neoplastic or non-neoplastic. ", "They may appear radiologically similar and often present a diagnostic dilemma; they need to be diagnosed and differentiated with accuracy in order to offer optimum treatment. ", "Some of the cystic neoplasms are potentially malignant and have a wide spectrum of histological variation from the frankly benign 'adenomas' to invasive adenocarcinomas .When identified, these cystic lesions need a systematic work up and a diagnostic algorithm should be followed to its logical conclusion. ", "This article reviews these cystic lesions of the pancreas, neoplastic and pseudocysts, and aims to update readers with the current trends in their diagnosis and management." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

[ 0, 0, 0.015873015873015872, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "business needs. ", "Position Summaries: Internal Audit: Internal Audit team provides audit and consulting services to ... will perform work typically performed by an internalauditor with less than 2 years of experience. ", "Such work will...\n\nServe as the departmental liaison with account management, operations, external/internal accounting auditors and clients. ", "Respond to issues by email, phone or direct communication in a timely manner and perform other related duties as..." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "\n34 Ill. App.3d 506 (1975)\n340 N.E.2d 167\nTHE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellee,\nv.\nMICHAEL TALLEY, Defendant-Appellant.", "\nNo. ", "61480.", "\nIllinois Appellate Court — First District (1st Division).", "\nDecember 1, 1975.", "\nJames J. Doherty, Public Defender, of Chicago (Judith A. Stewart, Assistant Public Defender, of counsel), for appellant.", "\nBernard Carey, State's Attorney, of Chicago (Laurence J. Bolon and John T. Theis, Assistant State's Attorneys, of counsel), for the People.", "\nJudgment reversed.", "\nMr. PRESIDING JUSTICE BURKE delivered the opinion of the court:\n*507 Michael Talley was found guilty after a bench trial of the crimes of unlawful use of a weapon and unlawful possession of a firearm and ammunition. (", "Ill. Rev. Stat. ", "1973, ch. ", "38, pars. ", "24-1(a) (10) and 83-2.) ", "He was sentenced to a term of six months in the House of Corrections on each charge, the sentences to run concurrently. ", "Defendant appeals contending that the court erred in denying defendant's motion to suppress the evidence.", "\nThe evidence presented at the hearing on the defendant's motion to suppress the evidence consisted entirely of the testimony of the arresting officer, Chicago Police Officer Metroyer. ", "Officer Metroyer testified that on October 31, 1974, at approximately 10 p.m., he observed the defendant and a second man standing near a building at 1555 North Dearborn in Chicago. ", "On direct examination by defendant's counsel, the officer testified that he did not have an arrest warrant or search warrant for either of the individuals, and he did not observe them violating the law. ", "However, on cross-examination by the prosecution, the officer testified that his attention was drawn to the defendant because the defendant and his companion \"fitted the description of two individuals that was [sic] wanted in a home invasion in the 1400 block of Dearborn.\"", "\nThe defense immediately objected to this answer, arguing that the statement was merely the officer's conclusion, and that no details of the description had been presented. ", "The court overruled the defense's objection. ", "Testimony regarding what the description of the home invaders consisted of was not presented at the trial. ", "The officer then testified that this home invasion had taken place on October 28, 1974, three days prior to the defendant's arrest, approximately a block from the location of the defendant's arrest. ", "On redirect, the officer testified that he had found out about this home invasion through a \"flash message\" he had heard on October 28, 1974.", "\nThe officer testified that on the day of the defendant's arrest he approached the defendant and his companion and announced that he was a police officer. ", "He then searched the defendant's person and retrieved a .357 magnum loaded with three magnum shells. ", "Following this, he placed the defendant under arrest. ", "After hearing this testimony, the court denied the defendant's motion to suppress the evidence.", "\nThe defendant's sole contention on appeal is that the court erred in denying the defendant's motion to suppress the evidence. ", "Defendant argues that once it has been shown that the officer did not have a warrant for the defendant's arrest, and the officer did not observe the defendant violating any law, it was incumbent upon prosecution to show that the officer had reasonable grounds for the search. ", "The officer's statement *508 alone that the defendant fit the description of a home invader, defendant argues, failed to establish such reasonable grounds.", "\n• 1 The arresting officer testified at the hearing that he did not have a warrant for the defendant's arrest or for a search of his person and that he did not observe the defendant violating any law. ", "While the burden of proof that a search is unlawful rests with a defendant moving to suppress the evidence, a defendant may meet that burden by establishing a prima facie case in showing that the officer conducting the search did not have an arrest or search warrant and that the officer did not observe the defendant doing anything unusual. ", "Once the defendant has established such a prima facie case showing an unlawful search, the burden of going forward with the evidence is shifted to the prosecution to show that the officer had reasonable grounds for the search. (", "People v. King, 12 Ill. App.3d 355, 298 N.E.2d 715; People v. Moncrief, 131 Ill. App.2d 770, 268 N.E.2d 717; People v. Cassell, 101 Ill. App.2d 279, 243 N.E.2d 363.) ", "The testimony at the hearing to suppress clearly established that the burden of going forward with the evidence had shifted to the prosecution. ", "The remaining question is whether the prosecution met this burden.", "\nThe State contends that the officer who made the search had probable cause to arrest the defendant and therefore the search was proper, being a search incident to a lawful arrest. ", "The State argues that the officer had probable cause to believe that the defendant was one of the home invaders he had heard about in a police report three days prior.", "\nIn Illinois, an officer may arrest a person when that officer has reasonable grounds to believe that the person has committed an offense. (", "Ill. Rev. Stat. ", "1973, ch. ", "38, par. ", "107-2(c).) ", "However, the reasonable grounds for an arrest do not exist unless the arresting officer has knowledge of facts or circumstances from reliable sources which would warrant a man of reasonable caution in believing the person to be arrested has committed an offense. ", "People v. Higgins, 50 Ill.2d 221, 278 N.E.2d 68; In re Marsh, 40 Ill.2d 53, 237 N.E.2d 259; People v. Bates, 9 Ill. App.3d 882, 293 N.E.2d 358.", "\n• 2 Whether an arresting officer had knowledge of such facts and circumstances and whether the facts and circumstances warranted a reasonable belief that the person to be arrested had committed an offense are questions for the court to ultimately decide. ", "A court may not rely solely upon an arresting officer's subjective good faith, but must be presented with the objective facts upon which the arresting officer acted. (", "Beck v. Ohio, 379 U.S. 89, 13 L.Ed.2d 142, 85 S.Ct. ", "223.) ", "The principles announced in Beck that objective facts rather than an arresting officer's subjective conclusions be presented to the court in determining whether *509 there was probable cause for an arrest apply to cases where an officer merely stops a suspect for temporary questioning. ", "Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1, 20 L.Ed.2d 889, 88 S.Ct. ", "1868.", "\nIn the instant case the testimony established that the officer had heard about a home invasion three days before the defendant's arrest which took place approximately one block from where the defendant was arrested. ", "The officer then testified that the defendant and his companion \"fitted the description\" of the two persons wanted for that home invasion. ", "There was no testimony concerning the source of the description or any details of the description.", "\nThe facts in the instant case closely parallel the facts in the recent case of People v. Moorhead, 17 Ill. App.3d 521, 308 N.E.2d 381. ", "In Moorhead, the arresting officer testified that he was looking for a man who had robbed a cleaning store in the area an hour before. ", "He then observed the defendant who \"fit the general description of that man\" carrying a sweater over his arm as on the way to a cleaning establishment. ", "The officer told the defendant to stop, and he complied. ", "The defendant then reached into his rear pocket while holding the sweater in front of him in a \"covering\" manner. ", "The officer twice asked the defendant to remove his hand from his pocket, but the defendant refused. ", "The officer thereupon forcibly removed the defendant's hand from his pocket which revealed a package containing packets of white powder later found to be heroin.", "\n• 3 In Moorhead, the issue before this court was determined to be not the stricter test of whether the officer had probable cause for an arrest, but rather whether the officer possessed facts which reasonably warranted his action in stopping the defendant for temporary questioning. (", "Ill. Rev. Stat. ", "1973, ch. ", "38, par. ", "107-14.) ", "This court held, in accordance with the Terry case (Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1, 20 L.Ed.2d 889, 88 S.Ct. ", "1868), that to justify such a stop the police officer must be able to set forth specific facts which, taken together with rational inferences, would reasonably justify such an intrusion. ", "It was found in Moorhead that the testimony by the arresting officer that the defendant \"fit the general description\" of a robbery suspect was insufficient to uphold a stop for temporary questioning where there was no information provided as to the general description.", "\n• 4 In the instant case we also have only the testimony that the defendant and his companion \"fitted the description\" of the offenders. ", "Despite the fact that the defense in an objection pointed to the lack of any testimony regarding the description of the offenders, the prosecution made no effort to bring out testimony on the particulars of the description. ", "The trial court was not presented with any objective facts *510 upon which it could base a decision. ", "It was only presented with the officer's subjective conclusion that the defendant and his companion \"fitted the description\" of the two offenders. ", "In absence of any testimony concerning the nature of the description of these two offenders, the court had no way of determining whether the descriptions were sufficiently accurate to give the officer probable cause for an arrest or whether they were so general or inaccurate as to provide no grounds for probable cause. ", "The burden of coming forward with evidence that the search was proper had shifted to the prosecution in the instant case. ", "We are of the opinion that the prosecution failed to show that the search of the defendant was proper where the arresting officer merely testified that the defendant fit the description of an offender being sought while providing no testimony as to the nature of that description.", "\nThere was some discussion in the briefs as to whether the search was incident to an arrest or whether it grew out of a stop for temporary questioning. (", "See Ill. Rev. Stat. ", "1973, ch. ", "38, par. ", "107-14.) ", "It is doubtful that this incident could be characterized as a stop for temporary questioning because the officer never testified that he intended to merely question the defendant or that he in fact asked the defendant any questions. ", "We only have testimony that he believed the defendant fit the description of a home invader, that the officer approached the defendant and announced that he was a police officer, that he searched the defendant finding a gun, and that he placed the defendant under arrest. ", "Whether this case involves a stop for temporary questioning or an arrest does not affect the outcome. ", "The principle that the prosecution must present the court with the facts relied upon by the officer conducting the search and not merely present the officer's subjective conclusion that the defendant was the person sought for an offense applies to temporary stops for questioning as well as arrests. ", "Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1, 20 L.Ed.2d 889, 88 S.Ct. ", "1868; People v. Moorhead, 17 Ill. App.3d 521, 308 N.E.2d 381.", "\nFinding that the search of the defendant was improper, we are of the opinion that the court erred in not granting the defendant's motion to suppress the evidence. ", "Since it is clear that the prosecution would lack the evidence to seek a conviction without the evidence seized in the search, the judgement is reversed.", "\nJudgment reversed.", "\nGOLDBERG and SIMON, JJ., ", "concur.", "\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "FreeLaw" }

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[ "#!", "/usr/bin/env python\n# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-\n\nimport time\nimport base64\nfrom zlib import compress\n\nfrom ujson import dumps, loads\nfrom preggy import expect\nfrom tornado.testing import AsyncHTTPTestCase\nimport msgpack\n\nfrom cyclops.app import CyclopsApp\nfrom tests.helpers import get_config\n\n\ndef get_sentry_auth(key, secret):\n return \"\"\"\n X-Sentry-Auth: Sentry sentry_version=4,\n sentry_client=1.0.0,\n sentry_timestamp=%s,\n sentry_key=%s,\n sentry_secret=%s\n \"\"\".strip() % (\n time.time(),\n key,\n secret\n )\n\n\ndef get_message_payload():\n message = {\n 'time_spent': None,\n 'sentry.interfaces.", "Message': {\n 'message': 'teste',\n 'params': []\n },\n 'server_name': 'Guilherme-Souza.local',\n 'tags': {},\n 'event_id': 'd152d02f392945389dee3e3c072e1f5a',\n \"timestamp\": time.time(),\n 'extra': {\n 'sys.argv': [\n \"'globoapi/server.py'\",\n \"'-p'\",\n \"'8989'\",\n \"'-c'\",\n \"'/Users/guilhermef/projetos/home/api/globoapi/globoapi.conf'\",\n \"'-l'\",\n \"'info'\"\n ]\n },\n 'modules': {},\n 'project': '2',\n 'platform': 'python',\n 'message': 'teste',\n 'level': 40\n }\n return dumps(message)\n\ndef get_post_payload(\n event_id=\"fc6d8c0c43fc4630ad850ee518f1b9d0\",\n culprit=\"my.module.function_name\",\n message=\"SyntaxError: Wattttt!\",", "\n gzipped=False):\n\n result = dumps({\n \"event_id\": event_id,\n \"culprit\": culprit,\n \"timestamp\": time.time(),\n \"message\": message,\n \"tags\": {\n \"ios_version\": \"4.0\"\n },\n \"exception\": [{\n \"type\": \"SyntaxError\",\n \"value\": \"Wattttt!\",", "\n \"module\": \"__builtins__\"\n }]\n })\n\n if gzipped:\n result = base64.b64encode(compress(result))\n\n return result\n\n\nclass BaseRouterTest(AsyncHTTPTestCase):\n def setUp(self):\n super(BaseRouterTest, self).setUp()\n # self._app is set to self.get_app() in mother setUp() call\n self.app = self._app\n self.app.cache.flushdb()\n self.valid_project_id = self.app.project_keys.keys()[0]\n\n def get_app(self):\n cfg = get_config(\n CACHE_IMPLEMENTATION_CLASS='cyclops.cache.", "RedisCache',\n REDIS_HOST='localhost',\n REDIS_PORT=7780,\n REDIS_DB_COUNT=0,\n REDIS_PASSWORD=None\n )\n return CyclopsApp(config=cfg)\n\n def expect_404(self, response):\n expect(response.code).to_equal(404)\n expect(response.body).to_be_empty()\n\n def expect_200(self, response):\n expect(response.code).to_equal(200)\n expect(response.body).to_equal(\"OK\")\n\n def expect_200_ignored(self, response):\n expect(response.code).to_equal(200)\n expect(response.body).to_equal(\"IGNORED\")\n\n def api_store_url(self, item=None):\n url = \"http://ee0c9d854b294d20a2d6d92d0191cac8:0baca85229c74e0f95d52bea5418ddfd@localhost:9000/api/\"\n if item is not None:\n url += \"%s/store/?\" % ", "item\n else:\n url += \"store/?\"", "\n return url\n\n def get_project_keys(self):\n project_id = self.valid_project_id\n public_key = self.app.project_keys[project_id]['public_key'][0]\n secret_key = self.app.project_keys[project_id]['secret_key'][0]\n return project_id, public_key, secret_key\n\n def expect_correct_response_headers(self,\n response,\n expected_status,\n expected_cache_count=1):\n expect('X-CYCLOPS-CACHE-COUNT' in response.headers).to_be_true()\n expect(response.headers['X-CYCLOPS-CACHE-COUNT']).to_equal(str(expected_cache_count))\n expect('X-CYCLOPS-STATUS' in response.headers).to_be_true()\n expect(response.headers['X-CYCLOPS-STATUS']).to_equal(expected_status)\n\n def expect_one_processed_item(self, item,\n expected_method,\n expected_url,\n expected_body=None):\n expect(self.app.processed_items).to_equal(1)\n expect(self.app.storage.get_size(item)).to_equal(1)\n\n project_id, method, headers, url, body = msgpack.unpackb(self.app.storage.items_to_process[item].get())\n expect(project_id).to_equal(item)\n\n expect(method).to_equal(expected_method)\n expect(headers).to_include(\"Host\")\n expect(headers).to_include(\"Accept-Encoding\")\n expect(headers).to_include(\"Accept\")\n expect(headers).to_include(\"User-Agent\")\n\n expect(url).to_equal(url)\n if expected_body is None:\n expect(body).to_be_empty()\n else:\n expect(body).to_equal(expected_body)\n\n\nclass TestGetRouterHandler(BaseRouterTest):\n\n def test_get_invalid_project_returns_404(self):\n response = self.fetch('/api/999999/store/')\n expect(response.code).to_equal(404)\n\n def test_get_valid_project_with_invalid_key(self):\n response = self.fetch('/api/%s/store/?sentry_key=%s' % (self.app.project_keys.keys()[0], \"invalid_key\"))\n expect(response.code).to_equal(403)\n expect(response.body).to_equal(\"INVALID KEY\")\n\n def test_get_valid_project_with_valid_key(self):\n item = self.app.project_keys.keys()[0]\n key = self.app.project_keys[item]['public_key'][0]\n response = self.fetch('/api/%s/store/?sentry_key=%s' % (item, key))\n\n self.expect_200(response)\n\n self.expect_correct_response_headers(response, \"PROCESSED\")\n\n self.expect_one_processed_item(item, \"GET\",\n \"localhost:9000/api/1/store/?sentry_key=ee0c9d854b294d20a2d6d92d0191cac8\")\n\n def test_get_valid_project_with_valid_key_ignores(self):\n item = self.app.project_keys.keys()[0]\n key = self.app.project_keys[item]['public_key'][0]\n\n for _i in range(self.app.config.", "MAX_CACHE_USES + 1):\n response = self.fetch('/api/%s/store/?sentry_key=%s' % (item, key))\n\n self.expect_200_ignored(response)\n\n self.expect_correct_response_headers(response, \"IGNORED\",\n expected_cache_count=self.app.config.", "MAX_CACHE_USES + 1)\n\n\nclass TestPostRouterHandler(BaseRouterTest):\n\n def post_expect_404(self, item=None, headers=None, body=None):\n url = '/api/store/' if item is None else '/api/%s/store/' % item\n response = self.fetch(url, method=\"POST\", headers=headers, body=body)\n self.expect_404(response)\n\n def expect_post_works(self, url, gzipped=False):\n item, key, secret = self.get_project_keys()\n\n headers = {\n 'X-Sentry-Auth': get_sentry_auth(key, secret)\n }\n\n payload = get_post_payload()\n response = self.fetch(url, method=\"POST\", headers=headers, body=payload)\n\n self.expect_200(response)\n self.expect_correct_response_headers(response, \"PROCESSED\")\n self.expect_one_processed_item(item, \"POST\", self.api_store_url(), payload)\n\n def test_post_fails_if_no_auth_header_supplied(self):\n response = self.fetch('/api/store/', method=\"POST\", body=\"x=1\")\n self.expect_404(response)\n\n def test_post_fails_if_auth_header_does_not_include_public_key(self):\n headers = {\n 'X-Sentry-Auth': \"invalid header\"\n }\n self.post_expect_404(headers=headers, body=\"x=1\")\n\n def test_post_fails_if_auth_header_does_not_include_secret(self):\n _item, key, _secret = self.get_project_keys()\n\n headers = {\n 'X-Sentry-Auth': \"\"\"X-Sentry-Auth: Sentry sentry_version=4,\n sentry_client=1.0.0,\n sentry_timestamp=%s,\n sentry_key=%s,\"\"\" % (time.time(), key)\n }\n self.post_expect_404(headers=headers, body=\"x=1\")\n\n def test_post_fails_if_auth_header_is_invalid_project(self):\n _item, key, secret = self.get_project_keys()\n secret = \"invalid-secret\"\n\n headers = {\n 'X-Sentry-Auth': get_sentry_auth(key, secret)\n }\n self.post_expect_404(headers=headers, body=\"x=1\")\n\n def test_post_fails_with_valid_project_and_invalid_key(self):\n item, _key, _secret = self.get_project_keys()\n key = \"allyourbase\"\n secret = \"arebelongtous\"\n headers = {\n 'X-Sentry-Auth': get_sentry_auth(key, secret)\n }\n self.post_expect_404(item=item, headers=headers, body=get_post_payload())\n\n def test_post_works_if_proper(self):\n self.expect_post_works('/api/store/')\n\n def test_post_new_url_works_if_proper(self):\n item, _key, _secret = self.get_project_keys()\n self.expect_post_works('/api/%s/store/' % item)\n\n def test_post_works_if_gzipped(self):\n self.expect_post_works('/api/store/', gzipped=True)\n\n def test_post_valid_project_with_valid_key_ignores(self):\n _item, key, secret = self.get_project_keys()\n\n headers = {\n 'X-Sentry-Auth': get_sentry_auth(key, secret)\n }\n\n payload = get_post_payload(culprit=\"some.other.culprit\")\n\n for _i in range(self.app.config.", "MAX_CACHE_USES + 1):\n response = self.fetch('/api/store/', method=\"POST\", headers=headers, body=payload)\n\n self.expect_200_ignored(response)\n self.expect_correct_response_headers(response, \"IGNORED\",\n expected_cache_count=self.app.config.", "MAX_CACHE_USES + 1)\n\n\nclass TestCountHandler(BaseRouterTest):\n\n def test_get_count(self):\n self.app.average_request_time = 10\n self.app.percentile_request_time = 20\n self.app.processed_items = 30\n self.app.ignored_items = 40\n\n response = self.fetch('/count')\n\n expect(response.code).to_equal(200)\n expect(response.body).not_to_be_empty()\n\n result = loads(response.body)\n expect(result['count']).to_equal(0)\n expect(result['average']).to_equal(10)\n expect(result['percentile']).to_equal(20)\n expect(result['processed']).to_equal(30)\n expect(result['ignored']).to_equal(40)\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

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[ "Naming digits in a semantic blocking paradigm.", "\nIt is widely agreed that word numerals are processed similar to other words, and, thus, they can be named without semantic mediation. ", "However, there is no consensus about Arabic digits. ", "Although digits seem to have a preferential link to magnitude representation, there is some evidence indicating a possible asemantic route to access phonological information. ", "In the present study, we used a semantic blocking paradigm to explore this question. ", "In Experiment 1, participants were asked to name digits and pictures or numeral words and name of objects in a semantic blocked context and in a mixed context. ", "For both types of numerical notation we found facilitation in the blocked condition relative to the mixed condition. ", "In Experiment 2, participants named two-digit numbers in a blocked condition (short numerical distance) or in a mixed condition (large numerical distance). ", "Again, facilitation was found for the blocked condition relative to the mixed condition. ", "This pattern of results seems to indicate that Arabic digits, like number words, might be named through an asemantic route." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Q:\n\nHow to keep track of last user activity using hooks?", "\n\nUsing Yii MVC, I want to know when a user is still on my webpage, so I need to store the last time a user has been active.", "\nIs there a hook that can update a timestamp field in the user table ?", "\n\nA:\n\nI found the answer, adding the following code in the components/Controller.php\nThe code, uses the afterAction hook, so everytime a action happens, the update is triggered.", "\n public function keepAlive() {\n if (!", "Yii::app()->user->isGuest) {\n User::model()->updateByPk(\n Yii::app()->user->id, array('lastactive' => date('Y-m-d H:i:s')) //CURRENT_TIMESTAMP..this working fine\n );\n }\n }\n\n// Runs after any action in controller\n public function afterAction($action) {\n self::keepAlive();\n parent::afterAction($action);\n }\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

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[ "Q:\n\nI am trying manually update all static HTML files\n\nI have right now one project on static HTML with two languages and I have to manage everything by myself. ", "\nSo if something new appears in header/footer I have to update 20 HTML files. ", "\nAlso this project is hosted on normal shared hosting. ", "\nHow can I make less painful, if I have to change something? ", "\nRight now i just bulk find/change in folder with sublime.", "\n\nP.S I can't use any CMS. ", "Must be static. ", "\n\nA:\n\nPut the HTML content of the header in a PHP file and include it in every page, like this:\n<?", "php include('header.php'); ?", ">\n\nThis way you only have one file (header.php) to edit.", "\nMore details on include() can be found at: http://php.net/manual/en/function.include.php\n\n" ]

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[ "HEY! ", "Don't think I didn't read that, Toby! ", "And I can be sexual too. (", "Whoa, wut? ", "Lol, it's the name of one of my favorite songs. ", "It felt like the right thing to say!) ", "You're right, Tiffany. ", "T-T; Screw the furry handcuffs! ", "We're going heavy duty with this!" ]

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[ "First announce in Japan, Nintendo of America has confirmed that multiplayer support for the older original Wii and DS systems will end in May. Here is the full release from the video game maker: As of …" ]

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[ "Sperm (disambiguation)\n\nSperm most commonly refers to:\n\nSperm (cell), the male gamete involved in heterogamous sexual reproduction\nSpermatozoon (zoosperm), a sperm cell propelled by a single flagellum, found in most animals\nSemen (\"sperma\"), the bodily fluid containing spermatozoa\n\nSperm may also refer to:\n\nSperm (album), the second studio album by the German band Oomph!", "\nSperm whale, a whale of the family Physeteridae\n\nSee also\nSpèrme" ]

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[ "956 F.2d 268\nNOTICE: Sixth Circuit Rule 24(c) states that citation of unpublished dispositions is disfavored except for establishing res judicata, estoppel, or the law of the case and requires service of copies of cited unpublished dispositions of the Sixth Circuit.", "John A. ALEXANDER, Plaintiff-Appellant,v.U.S. ECOLOGY, INC., ", "Defendant-Appellee.", "\nNo. ", "91-5296.", "\nUnited States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit.", "\nMarch 6, 1992.As Amended April 9, 1992.", "\n\nBefore NATHANIEL R. JONES and DAVID A. NELSON, Circuit Judges, and CONTIE, Senior Circuit Judge.", "\nDAVID A. NELSON, Circuit Judge.", "\n\n\n1\nThis is a civil rights action brought under 42 U.S.C. § 1981. ", " The plaintiff, a black man whose employment had been terminated by the defendant company because of a \"business decline,\" alleged that the defendant made a racially motivated decision not to hire him back after a variety of positions, including his old job, opened up more than a year later.", "\n\n\n2\nPursuant to Rule 12(b)(6), Fed.", "R.Civ.", "P., the company moved to dismiss the complaint for failure to state a claim on which relief could be granted. ", " The district court granted the motion. ", " The court noted that the statutory protection of the right to \"make\" contracts has been held to extend only to the \"formation\" of contracts; § 1981 does not deal with \"conduct by the employer after the contract relation has been established....\" Patterson v. McLean Credit Union, 491 U.S. 164, 177 (1989). ", " The plaintiff's complaint was insufficient as a matter of law, the district court concluded, because it did not allege a discriminatory refusal to enter into a new contract; \"[r]einstatement,\" in the court's words, \"is a continuation of an existing relation between the employer and employee and not a new and distinct relationship as required by Patterson.\"", "\n\n\n3\nThe plaintiff's complaint may not be a model of precision, but we believe it can fairly be read as alleging that the plaintiff's contract of employment was \"terminated\"--a verb used repeatedly in the complaint and accepted by the defendant--and that the defendant's failure to hire the plaintiff back was something other than an incident in a continuing employment relationship. ", " The complaint specifically alleges that the defendant, motivated by improper racial considerations, \"denied Plaintiff the opportunity to enter into a new contract with defendant....\" We believe that the district court erred in holding that this complaint failed to state a claim cognizable under § 1981, as interpreted in Patterson, and we shall therefore reverse the order of dismissal.", "\n\n\n4\n* The plaintiff, John Alexander, alleged in his complaint that he is an African-American; that he was employed in South Carolina by the defendant, U.S. Ecology, Inc., as a driver-technician hauling nuclear waste; that he was \"terminated from his employment by defendant on July 7, 1987;\" that the company subsequently informed him that it had laid him off because it was experiencing a business decline, but told him that he would be \"eligible for recall to his former position should business conditions warrant such recall;\" that the South Carolina position reopened in October of 1988, as did driver-technician jobs at other locations; that the defendant filled all of the jobs, including the plaintiff's old position, with white men; that the company's decision \"was motivated by racially improper reasons and discriminated against Plaintiff, who had been defendant's only black driver, and, if rehired, would continue to be defendant's only black driver;\" and that the defendant not only committed a breach of an agreement to rehire the plaintiff when a driver-technician opening occurred, but engaged in \"racial discrimination against Plaintiff in the making of a contract to hire within the purview of 42 U.S.C. § 1981.\" ", " As noted above, the complaint expressly averred a denial of \"the opportunity to enter into a new contract with defendant....\"\n\n\n5\nThe complaint was filed in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois in February of 1990. ", " A few weeks later the defendant filed an answer in which, among other things, it admitted that it had terminated the plaintiff's employment on July 7, 1987; denied that it had entered into a contractual obligation to rehire the plaintiff; and denied that it was guilty of racial discrimination. ", " The answer asserted three affirmative defenses, including failure to state a cause of action.", "\n\n\n6\nThe case was transferred to the United States District Court for the Western District of Kentucky in April of 1990, and the company filed its motion to dismiss on May 25. ", " Thirty days later the plaintiff moved for leave to file an amended complaint adding a count alleging that the defendant's refusal to rehire him was an act of retaliation for his having filed a discrimination charge against the company with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. ", " The company opposed the motion to amend, and all pending issues were fully briefed.", "\n\n\n7\nThe district court entered its order dismissing the complaint under Rule 12(b)(6) on February 11, 1991. ", " The motion for leave to amend the complaint was denied as moot. ", " A memorandum opinion accompanying the order explained the court's reasoning in terms described at the outset of this opinion. ", " The plaintiff filed a notice of appeal within the prescribed time.", "\n\n\n8\nThe Civil Rights Act of 1991, which broadened the reach of § 1981, was signed into law prior to oral argument. ", " The parties have invited us to decide whether the act should be applied retroactively, but our disposition of the appeal makes it unnecessary to reach this issue.", "\n\nII\n\n9\nThe relevant portion of § 1981 protects the right to \"make and enforce contracts.\" ", " The Supreme Court held in Patterson that this protection \"extends only to the formation of a contract, but not to problems that may arise later from the conditions of continuing employment.\" ", " Patterson, 491 U.S. at 176. ", " Thus a racially discriminatory failure to promote one who has already entered into an employment relationship would be actionable under § 1981 \"[o]nly where the promotion rises to the level of an opportunity for a new and distinct relation....\" Id. at 185 (emphasis supplied).", "\n\n\n10\nWhen plaintiff John Alexander was discharged in July of 1987, we must assume, his employment relationship with defendant U.S. Ecology came to an end. ", " Whether or not the company subsequently entered into a legally enforceable contract giving Mr. Alexander a right to be recalled should business conditions warrant--a proposition asserted by the plaintiff and denied by the defendant--we must take it as given that there was a period following the discharge when no employment relationship existed at all. ", " If he had subsequently been rehired, therefore, Mr. Alexander would have been entering into a relation that could only have been \"new and distinct\" vis-a-vis the situation that obtained after the discharge.", "\n\n\n11\nSome courts appear to have been more assiduous than others to prevent what are really discriminatory discharge claims--claims not previously thought actionable under § 1981, see Prather v. Dayton Power & Light Co., 918 F.2d 1255 (6th Cir.1990), cert. ", "denied, 111 S.Ct. ", "2889 (1991)--from being entertained under § 1981 in the guise of claims for discriminatory refusal to make new contracts. ", " See, e.g., Gersman v. Group Health Ass'n, Inc., 931 F.2d 1565, 1572-73 (D.C.Cir.1991), vacated on other grounds, 112 S.Ct. ", "960 (1992); Hull v. Cuyahoga Valley Bd. ", "of Educ., ", "926 F.2d 505, 508-09 (6th Cir.), ", "cert. ", "denied, 111 S.Ct. ", "2917 (1991); McKnight v. General Motors Corp., 908 F.2d 104, 109 (7th Cir.1990), cert. ", "denied, 111 S.Ct. ", "1306 (1991); Vakharia v. Swedish Covenant Hosp., ", "765 F.Supp. ", "461, 469-71 (N.D.Ill.1991); Williams v. Avco Lycoming, 755 F.Supp. ", "47, 51 (D.Conn.1991); Smith v. Continental Ins. ", "Corp., 747 F.Supp. ", "275, 282 (D.N.J.1990), aff'd without opinion, 941 F.2d 1203 (3d Cir.1991); Chawla v. Klapper, 743 F.Supp. ", "1284, 1291 (N.D.Ill.1990); Kozam v. Emerson Elec. ", "Co., 739 F.Supp. ", "307, 313-14 (N.D.Miss.1990), aff'd without opinion, 928 F.2d 401 (5th Cir.1991); Zeiour v. Chevron U.S.A., No. ", "87-4039, 1989 WL 140228 (E.D.La.1989); Carter v. O'Hare Hotel Investors, 736 F.Supp. ", "158, 160 (N.D.Ill.1989); Eklof v. Bramalea Ltd, 733 F.Supp. ", "935 (E.D.Pa.1989); Padilla v. United Air Lines, 716 F.Supp. ", "485, 490 (D.Colo.1989), rev'd on other grounds, 950 F.2d 654 (10th Cir.1991). ", " We are aware of no published decision, however, that would compel the conclusion that the district court was required to grant a dismissal under Rule 12(b)(6) on the set of facts that can fairly be inferred from the complaint in the case at bar.", "\n\n\n12\nIt remains to be said, finally, that Mr. Alexander cannot prevail under § 1981 unless he can show, among other things, that he actually applied to the defendant for a job following the termination of his employment. ", " See Holland v. First Virginia Banks, Inc., 56 Empl.", "Prac.", "Dec. (CCH) p 40,864, at 67,540, 1991 U.S.App. ", "LEXIS 14885, at * 11 (4th Cir.1991), vacated on other grounds, 60 U.S.L.W. 3577 (1992). ", " We have no way of knowing of whether Mr. Alexander really did apply for a job; reading his complaint indulgently, however, we take it that Mr. Alexander claims to have made an application that was rejected on racial grounds. ", " On a demurer to the complaint, there is no basis for a court to say that his claim is untrue.", "\n\n\n13\nThe judgment of the district court is VACATED, and the case is REMANDED for further proceedings not inconsistent with this opinion.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "// Copyright(c) 2015-present, Gabi Melman & spdlog contributors.", "\n// Distributed under the MIT License (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)\n\n#pragma once\n\n#include <spdlog/common.h>\n#include <spdlog/details/console_globals.h>\n#include <spdlog/details/null_mutex.h>\n#include <spdlog/sinks/sink.h>\n\n#include <memory>\n#include <mutex>\n#include <string>\n#include <array>\n\n#include <spdlog/details/windows_include.h>\n#include <wincon.h>\n\nnamespace spdlog {\nnamespace sinks {\n/*\n * Windows color console sink. ", "Uses WriteConsoleA to write to the console with\n * colors\n */\ntemplate<typename ConsoleMutex>\nclass wincolor_sink : public sink\n{\npublic:\n const WORD BOLD = FOREGROUND_INTENSITY;\n const WORD RED = FOREGROUND_RED;\n const WORD GREEN = FOREGROUND_GREEN;\n const WORD CYAN = FOREGROUND_GREEN | FOREGROUND_BLUE;\n const WORD WHITE = FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_GREEN | FOREGROUND_BLUE;\n const WORD YELLOW = FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_GREEN;\n\n wincolor_sink(HANDLE out_handle, color_mode mode);\n ~wincolor_sink() override;\n\n wincolor_sink(const wincolor_sink &other) = delete;\n wincolor_sink &operator=(const wincolor_sink &other) = delete;\n\n // change the color for the given level\n void set_color(level::level_enum level, WORD color);\n void log(const details::log_msg &msg) final override;\n void flush() final override;\n void set_pattern(const std::string &pattern) override final;\n void set_formatter(std::unique_ptr<spdlog::formatter> sink_formatter) override final;\n void set_color_mode(color_mode mode);\n\nprotected:\n using mutex_t = typename ConsoleMutex::mutex_t;\n HANDLE out_handle_;\n mutex_t &mutex_;\n bool in_console_;\n bool should_do_colors_;\n std::unique_ptr<spdlog::formatter> formatter_;\n std::array<WORD, level::n_levels> colors_;\n\n // set foreground color and return the orig console attributes (for resetting later)\n WORD set_foreground_color_(WORD attribs);\n\n // print a range of formatted message to console\n void print_range_(const memory_buf_t &formatted, size_t start, size_t end);\n\n // in case we are redirected to file (not in console mode)\n void write_to_file_(const memory_buf_t &formatted);\n};\n\ntemplate<typename ConsoleMutex>\nclass wincolor_stdout_sink : public wincolor_sink<ConsoleMutex>\n{\npublic:\n explicit wincolor_stdout_sink(color_mode mode = color_mode::automatic);\n};\n\ntemplate<typename ConsoleMutex>\nclass wincolor_stderr_sink : public wincolor_sink<ConsoleMutex>\n{\npublic:\n explicit wincolor_stderr_sink(color_mode mode = color_mode::automatic);\n};\n\nusing wincolor_stdout_sink_mt = wincolor_stdout_sink<details::console_mutex>;\nusing wincolor_stdout_sink_st = wincolor_stdout_sink<details::console_nullmutex>;\n\nusing wincolor_stderr_sink_mt = wincolor_stderr_sink<details::console_mutex>;\nusing wincolor_stderr_sink_st = wincolor_stderr_sink<details::console_nullmutex>;\n\n} // namespace sinks\n} // namespace spdlog\n\n#ifdef SPDLOG_HEADER_ONLY\n#include \"wincolor_sink-inl.h\"\n#endif\n" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nRemoving leading spaces on Pascals Triangle\n\nI have some example code below to print Pascals Triangle. (", "I am using the test case = 14 on scanner) The code works, but there are leading spaces in the result. ", "How do I remove these spaces in front of the triangle?", "\nimport java.util.", "Scanner;\n\npublic class PascalsTriangle {\n public static void main(String[] args) {\n\n Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);\n int rows = input.nextInt();\n\n for(int i = 0;i<rows;i++) {\n int pascal = 1;\n System.out.format(\"%\"+(rows-i)*2+\"s\",\"\");)\n\n for(int j=0;j<=i;j++) {\n System.out.format(\"%4d\", pascal);\n pascal = pascal* (i - j) / (j + 1);\n }\n System.out.println();\n }\n\n}\n}\n\nA:\n\nI think what is happening is you are outputting your numbers in 4 char 'blocks' this line looks after that part;\nString output = String.format(\"%4d\", number);\n\nThe following would output the number to the left of the 'box' - Although the whitespace would now be trailing.", "\nString output = String.format(\"%-4d\", number);\n\nIt all depends on what the maximum value of n you are going to use. ", "For example, you can decide that each number will take 4 characters (if all the numbers are 9999 or less--actually, with Pascal's triangle with 20 rows, you'll need at least 5 characters). ", "Then you'll need to adjust the number of spaces you print out in each row of the triangle.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Donald Trump spends a lot of energy reminding voters of Hillary Clinton’s private email server scandal involving deleted emails. ", "Now, however, the billionaire businessman stands accused of destroying evidence related to a decade-old lawsuit.", "\n\nWith attention turning towards the presumptive Republican nominee’s 3,500 lawsuits, one from 2006 stands out. ", "Jeffrey Streitfeld, civil division judge of the 17th Judicial Circuit Court in Florida at the time, had ordered the Trump Organization to hand over several years’ worth of emails related to Trump’s casino operations, but the organization claimed to not have any of them. ", "The defendants in the case claimed this amounted to destruction of evidence, USA Today reported.", "\n\nRead more\n\nThe 2006 lawsuit involves Richard Fields, a former talent agent who had managed Trump’s ex-wife Marla Maples and who was considered by some to be the original apprentice to Trump, according to the Daily Beast. ", "Fields had approached Trump with an idea: Break into the Florida market by building a casino on Indian land.", "\n\nWith the Seminole Indian reservation in Florida seemingly on board in 1998 and Trump fundraising heavily for then-gubernatorial candidate Jeb Bush, it seemed that Trump’s newest casino was a done deal. ", "However, Bush quickly killed the plan, saying, “I am opposed to casino gambling in this state, and I am opposed whether it is on Indian property or otherwise.”", "\n\nFields had wanted to keep fighting, but Trump was done with the matter. ", "In a sworn affidavit, Trump told Fields, “If you want to try this on your own, Richard, that’s fine, but I’m through with it.”", "\n\nFields did try it on his own, and eventually succeeded. ", "Fields and his real estate development partner would go on to be bought out by the Seminoles for over $1 billion.", "\n\nWhen Trump got wind of Fields’ success, he sued. ", "The lawsuit claimed that Trump Hotels was entitled to the casino’s profits because Trump Hotels had pursued a similar deal with the tribe. ", "But when the companies being sued asked for emails proving Trump Hotel’s involvement in the Seminole development deal, Trump’s company lawyer, Robert Borrello said, “My understanding from speaking to my client is that there are no emails.”", "\n\nRead more\n\nIn fact, Borrello claimed that Trump did not even use emails and that Trump Hotels did not retain emails from 1996 to 2001. ", "Streitfeld told USA Today: “I was a bit incredulous that an organization of that significance doesn’t do email.”", "\n\n“I had heard a number of things in 24 years on the bench, but that stuck in my mind,” the former judge added.", "\n\nCourt transcripts obtained by USA Today show that Streitfeld’s response has not changed much since he heard the case 10 years ago, when he said: Trump “has a house up in Palm Beach County listed for $125 million, but he doesn’t keep emails. ", "That’s a tough one.”", "\n\nThe case ended like many others involving Trump: by settlement.", "\n\nMeanwhile, Trump is not the only person involved in his campaign accused of deleting emails. ", "New Jersey Governor Chris Christie has come under fire for claiming that his cell phone, text messages and emails from three different accounts have been lost.", "\n\nRead more\n\nWhile losing a phone or password is not strange, it is odd that everything Christie lost pertained to Bridgegate, a politically-motivated lane closure at the George Washington Bridge in 2013. ", "Defendant Bill Baroni, former deputy executive director of the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey and a former political ally of Christie, along with Bridget Anne Kelly, former deputy chief of staff for the governor, are accused of creating traffic jams to punish Fort Lee Mayor Mark Sokolich, a Democrat, for not endorsing Christie’s reelection in 2013.", "\n\nBaroni and Kelly face federal charges of conspiracy and fraud related to Bridgegate. ", "However, they claim that Christie’s lawyers are hiding evidence linking him to the lane closures, WNYC reported.", "\n\nThe defense attorneys have said that the phone used by Christie during the lane closures is missing, a claim that federal prosecutors have confirmed. ", "In addition, his legal team never investigated text messages that were sent to and from Christie during an important day of testimony during the initial Bridgegate investigation.", "\n\nAnother interesting claim is that Christie used his personal email address to communicate and deleted his text messages, despite claiming that Kelly’s deleting of text messages was \"evidence of guilt.”" ]

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[ "[The immune-enzyme techniques of analysis in diagnostic of cholera.]", "\nThe optimal conditions of arrangement of direct alternative of flatbed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and dot-immunoanalysis with application of monoclonal peroxidase conjugates for express identification of comma bacillus of serogroups O1 and O139 both in hospital and field conditions without device support. ", "The direct technique enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in flatbed alternative shortens time of analysis up to 70-80 minutes and in case of dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay on membrane - up to 70-90 minutes. ", "It is established that in case of analysis in conditions of room temperature (20-25 oC) sensitivity of techniques remains at initial level." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nQGis import partial PostGIS layer using query builder\n\nI'm sorry, but I'm terribly new to the GIS scene (and PostGIS & QGis). ", "I have loaded a whole bunch of OpenStreetMap data into a PostGIS database and successfully drawn a map using Mapnik. ", "Now I want to explore the data in my PostGIS database using QGis.", "\nI have successfully connected QGis to my remote PostGis DB and QGis lists the OSM tables. ", "The query builder also displays all sorts of OpenStreetMap attributes and values.", "\nMy issue comes when clicking the \"Add\" button: I assume that QGis is trying to load the complete DB table, this step takes very long (and could be eating a lot of expensive South African bandwidth). ", "I am really just interested in my tiny university campus for testing purposes. ", "I don't yet know how to use the query builder to limit QGis' DB query to a certain latitute/longitude bounding box.", "\nThe QGis user manual wasn't helpful to solve this nooby question, sorry.", "\nThanks!", "\n\nA:\n\nYou can limit the load with \"Build Query\" button on the \"Add Postgis table dialog\".", "\nOn the bottom where it says \"SQL where clause\" write:\nthe_geom && ST_SetSRID(ST_MakeBox2D(ST_Point(14,43),ST_Point(16,46)),4326)\n\nReplace points for the BBOX of your choice. ", "This will work assuming that your geometry column is the_geom, otherwise, replace that with you geometry column name.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "The armed pastor who fatally shot a carjacker after he opened fire at a Walmart in Washington state over the weekend spoke out on Wednesday about the need to protect his family.", "\n\nDavid George, who initially wanted to remain anonymous to maintain the \"dignity and integrity\" of the Oakville Assembly of God, where he serves as a pastor, came forward after being cleared of wrongdoing, KOMO reported.", "\n\nWALMART SHOOTER STOLE GIRLFRIEND'S HANDGUN, INVESTIGATORS SAY\n\nGeorge, 47, shot Tim Day, 44, in the parking lot of a Walmart Supercenter in Tumwater on Sunday after Day fired shots at the store.", "\n\nIn a news conference Wednesday, George, a concealed carry permit-holder \"with significant training in the use of firearms,\" said he was inside at the check-out line when he heard gunfire near the back of the store.", "\n\nHe said that \"considering mine and the public's safety in the setting of this large store,\" his active shooter training kicked in and he knew how to respond.", "\n\nGeorge and his family attempted to exit the building and said he didn't draw his gun until he was outside. ", "Day, according to the man, \"came past me waving and pointing his gun and exited the building.\"", "\n\n'HERO' GUN OWNER TELLS ABOUT CONFRONTATION WITH WALMART CARJACKER\n\nAlong with another armed citizen, George followed the gunman \"carefully,\" unaware of what his next move was.", "\n\n\"The gunman attempted to get a car and when he failed, moved to another screaming at the driver,\" George said. \"", "He then shot two times into the driver’s side of the vehicle. ", "When the driver did not or could not respond to his threats he began to travel in the direction that I thought my family to be.\"", "\n\nIt was at that point, George said, that he \"left cover and moved to intercept the gunman.\" ", "When Day threatened someone to try to steal their car, he made sure he had \"a safe shot at the gunman.\"", "\n\nHe fired at Day when he entered the vehicle, and after being shot, he fell from the vehicle.", "\n\nGeorge said that his actions on Sunday were \"to protect my family and others from the gunman and his display of obvious deadly intent. ", "This is in accordance with both my training as an emergency responder and calling as a pastor, husband, father and grandfather.\"", "\n\nDay, KOMO reported Tuesday, was a convicted felon who was not allowed to have a gun. ", "The man reportedly stole his fiancee's gun before embarking on his violent rampage." ]

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[ "Digital Image Enhancement Services\n\nDigital Photo Editing Services and Digital Image Retouching Services to UK, Australia, Europe. ", "Outsource Image is one of the growing professional photo editing companies engaging the best tools and techniques. ", "We are armed with a highly experienced and anxious team of\ndedicated image editing professionals and graphic designers. ", "Get High-quality photo editing services from best photo editor.", "\nProfessional Photography Post Processing Services - We have the talent to translate your ordinary photos taken by you, into a dazzling one.", "\n\nWe have a team of certified and experienced graphic design professionals that works with the most powerful and latest Photoshop software tools to make your images more lively and gorgeous.", "\nOur Photo editing and retouching professionals can enhance your photos and deliver a modern effect. ", "We can able to change your ordinary photos look into the extraordinary look. ", "So, don’t worry about\nyour old memory which was taken by the camera, we are here to give new life to your treasured memories." ]

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[ "The present invention relates to the field of semiconductor devices, their use, and manufacture. ", "More particularly, in one embodiment the present invention provides an improved method and structure for reducing or improving substrate and interconnection capacitance in a semiconductor device.", "\nSemiconductor devices are presently characterized by very small intrinsic delays as a consequence of a wide variety of improvements in their architecture, processing, and use. ", "Self alignment techniques, improvements in lithography techniques, and improvements in dry etching techniques are exemplary of the changes which have resulted in devices having small intrinsic delays.", "\nAs semiconductor devices and their fabrication techniques have improved, the capacitance associated with interconnection lines plays an increasingly dominant role in the speed performance of an integrated circuit. ", "An interconnect in an integrated circuit may include, for example, a metal or polysilicon layer deposited on a field oxide region. ", "The field oxide region serves to create a high threshold voltage for a parasitic metal-insulator-silicon (MIS) device formed by the interconnection, the oxide, and the substrate. ", "A heavily doped region below the oxide may be provided for better device isolation between, for example, adjacent bipolar transistors.", "\nIt is well known that device performance is impacted by the capacitance between the interconnect and the underlying substrate. ", "Proposed solutions to the problems of interconnection capacitance include increasing the thickness of the field oxide used for isolation between devices, increasing substrate resistivity, and the like.", "\nWhile meeting with some success, some prior solutions result in insufficient reductions in interconnect capacitance, particularly when applied to very small devices. ", "Other solutions are uneconomical or create unacceptable complexities in the fabrication process. ", "For example, significant increases in dielectric thickness may result in unacceptable encroachment, high defect density, or unacceptable topology in some devices. ", "In spite of attempts to reduce interconnect capacitance, interconnect capacitance plays an increasingly significant role in device performance. ", "Accordingly, an improved method of decreasing interconnect capacitance is needed." ]

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[ "// // Copyright (c) Microsoft. ", "All rights reserved.", "\n// // Licensed under the MIT license. ", "See LICENSE file in the project root for full license information.", "\n\nusing System.", "Windows;\n\nnamespace DragDropDataFormats\n{\n /// <summary>\n /// Interaction logic for MainWindow.xaml\n /// </summary>\n public partial class MainWindow : Window\n {\n public MainWindow()\n {\n InitializeComponent();\n }\n\n private void ClickClear(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)\n {\n tbDropTarget.", "Clear();\n }\n\n private void EhDragEnter(object sender, DragEventArgs args)\n {\n args.", "Effects = DragDropEffects.", "Copy;\n }\n\n private void EhPreviewDrop(object sender, DragEventArgs args)\n {\n // TextBox includes native drop handling. ", " This is to let the TextBox know that we're handling\n // the Drop event, and we don't want the native handler to execute. ", " \n args.", "Handled = true;\n\n ShowDataFormats(args);\n }\n\n private void ShowDataFormats(DragEventArgs args)\n {\n tbDropTarget.", "AppendText(\"The following data formats are present:\\n\");\n if (cbAutoConvert.", "IsChecked.", "Value)\n {\n foreach (var format in args.", "Data.", "GetFormats((bool) cbAutoConvert.", "IsChecked))\n {\n if (args.", "Data.", "GetDataPresent(format, false))\n tbDropTarget.", "AppendText(\"\\t- \" + format + \" (native)\\n\");\n else tbDropTarget.", "AppendText(\"\\t- \" + format + \" (autoconvert)\\n\");\n }\n }\n else\n {\n foreach (var format in args.", "Data.", "GetFormats((bool) cbAutoConvert.", "IsChecked))\n {\n tbDropTarget.", "AppendText(\"\\t- \" + format + \" (native)\\n\");\n }\n }\n\n tbDropTarget.", "AppendText(\"\\n\");\n tbDropTarget.", "ScrollToEnd();\n }\n }\n}" ]

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[ "Dog Behavior: Problems & Solutions for Unlucky Dog Owners\n\nWe like it when our dogs are calm and listen to our commands. ", "On the other hand, when we’re confronted with dog behavior problems it means that we haven’t taken the necessary time to educate them, to show them exactly how we need them to behave. ", "Being strong and firm, but loving and respectful at the same time, we can get past these issues and devise appropriate dog behavior training for our best friend.", "\n\nThis article aims to make a list of the most common dog behavior problems, as well as the best solutions to overcome them through diligent training.", "\n\nToo much barking\n\nThis is one of the most common dog behavior problems. ", "It is especially annoying, for us humans, because we don’t really understand how dogs think and why they bark. ", "To solve this problem, you don’t have to only look at the effect (the barking), but at the causes as well. ", "Some of the causes might be:\n\nFido hears other dogs.", "\n\nYou pooch hears noises and wants to alert you.", "\n\nHe’s bored.", "\n\nHe’s excited.", "\n\nHe’s anxious.", "\n\nHe wants your attention.", "\n\nSo, what can you do if your dog is used to barking? ", "First, you have to identify the cause. ", "If the cause is external – it comes from the environment – then make sure to take appropriate measures, like finding the source that’s making your dog bark and removing it. ", "E.g.: try closing the windows so that your dog won’t hear disturbing noises. ", "If the cause is internal – it comes from the dog itself – you should try some dog behavior training solutions. ", "As such, you can teach your dog the compound command “Bark/ Quiet”.", "\n\nFirst, you reward your dog’s behavior when he’s barking by giving him a treat each time he does it, after you say the word “Bark” to him. ", "When he has learnt this, you teach him to respond to the word “Quiet”. ", "After you reward your dog for barking, and let him do it 2 or 3 times, you say “Quiet” and immediately stuff a treat in his mouth to actually make him stop. ", "Repeat this training procedure until he learns that sometimes it’s ok to bark, while other times he’s expected to remain quiet.", "\n\nWhen chewing is an issue\n\nChewing is an unwanted dog behavior just for us humans. ", "For them it isn’t a problem at all, since this is how puppies explore the world: through their sense of smell and touch. ", "They can’t get an object in their paws and examine it like that; they have to taste it. ", "So the main reasons for chewing are:\n\nExamining the world.", "\n\nPain from teething.", "\n\nPlayfulness\n\nAnxiety\n\nThe first two causes of chewing can be easily eliminated if you introduce chewing toys to your pup. ", "Every time he wants to chew something that he’s not allowed to, give him the specific chew toy you’ve bought him. ", "Another valid dog behavior training method used is crating. ", "In case you have to go to work and your dog hasn’t given up chewing just yet, teach him to enjoy his crate-time: a place filled with his favorite toys and a blanket with your smell to remind him of you.", "\n\nThe second two causes that determine dog behavior problems with chewing, playfulness and anxiety, can be readily solved by giving your dog enough time to exercise away all his excess energy.", "\n\nSeparation anxiety\n\nAmong all the dog behavior problems, separation anxiety is one of the biggest issues. ", "Many owners give up their dogs because they can’t deal with this problem. ", "Moreover, if the dog also barks constantly when he feels separation anxiety, the neighbors may call Animal Protection, which oftentimes finds the owners unfit to have a dog. ", "The signs which show you that your dog may have this condition are when he/she:\n\nGets irritated when he sees you getting ready to leave.", "\n\nStarts howling or barking.", "\n\nStarts chewing or jumping on you.", "\n\nSome dogs may feel/ act depressed.", "\n\nDoesn’t eat or drink anything while you’re away.", "\n\nTries to escape.", "\n\nUrinates or defecates accidentally.", "\n\nIf your dog has mild to moderate separation anxiety, you can help him with the proper behavior training, which includes two strategies:\n\nTry to break the association that your dog makes between some actions like grabbing your coat or taking your keys and the actual leaving the house. ", "Try things like putting on your coat and then turning on the TV for your favorite show or getting your bag, leaving through the front door and coming back through the back door.", "\n\nNow that you’ve broken the first association, try building a new one. ", "As such, play together for 20 to 30 minutes before leaving for work – he will begin associating your leaving with playtime. ", "When you actually leave the house, give your dog a very special toy to play with, one that he doesn’t get very frequent access to. ", "You can also leave him a puzzle, something new to discover. ", "Also try leaving him some old shirt of yours, it will allow him to feel less alone.", "\n\nDigging like a pro\n\nDigging is one of the many natural instincts for dogs, and is only seen as a behavior problem when you’re uncomfortable with the actual holes your dog probably makes in your backyard.", "\n\nApart from instinct, dogs dig for various other reasons:\n\nLots of energy\n\nAnxiety\n\nTrying to get somewhere\n\nCooling off in the summer\n\nHiding things\n\nInstinct\n\nThe training used in this situation entails different possible corrective strategies, depending on the cause. ", "If the dog is very energetic or anxious, the best thing would be to exercise him more just so he can focus his energy on other activities. ", "If he digs because he wants to get somewhere, consider giving him access to that place. ", "If he’s just cooling off, find him a more appropriate spot for him – maybe a doggie pool. ", "If he’s hiding his toys or he’s just acting out of instinct, teach him to do the same thing in a sand-box, by applying simple reward techniques.", "\n\nFido doesn’t come when called\n\nA frequent behavioral issue for dogs is when they don’t come to you when you specifically ask them to. ", "There are many reasons for which this may happen:\n\nThey are attracted by something else.", "\n\nThey don’t know they should come when they hear their name.", "\n\nThey are too agitated or anxious.", "\n\nThey associate you calling them with an unpleasant event, such as crating.", "\n\nAs with other problems, the most effective training is building desirable associations in his/her mind, whilst breaking the undesirable ones. ", "As such, your dog should associate their name with coming to you.", "\n\nYou can achieve that by walking farther away from him, calling his name and then showing him a treat. ", "You can gradually replace the treat with some other reward, like petting him or giving him a chew-toy. ", "Besides, teaching him the “Come here” command is always a good solution, because you can say his name in a number of different other situations.", "\n\nAnother thing you can try is using his pack instincts: if your dog doesn’t come when called, try running away from him. ", "In most cases, that will get him to follow you instantly.", "\n\nInvoluntary urination\n\nAmongst the most uncomfortable issues for both you and for your furry friend, involuntary urination and/or defecation get a whopping frontal place. ", "The causes can be:\n\nThe dog is younger than 12 weeks or very old\n\nFido is very agitated or happy\n\nMedical issues: incontinence, urinary tract infections, diabetes\n\nFor young puppies, the effective dog behavioral training consists in house breaking. ", "For this, you’ll have to keep a very tight schedule and teach him how to do his business outside. ", "Take him out at regular intervals and build the association between peeing and a certain word, like “Outside”. ", "He won’t get it from the start, so you’d better start by placing absorbing pads around the house. ", "Dogs prefer this material for urinating/ defecating.", "\n\nIf your dog is older or has other medical issues, consider putting him in diapers or consult a vet to prescribe him some medication. ", "If your dog behavior problems come out of anxiety, find out what the negative stimulus is and remove it. ", "If you can’t, the desired behavior training consists of building a new, pleasanter association with that stimulus.", "\n\nIf the behavioral issues are a sign of too much excitement, teach your dog that the expected behavior from him is a calm one. ", "Never reward him when he’s too excited, but give him a treat every time he waits patiently for something.", "\n\nPuppy eyes: begging\n\nBegging is another common dog problem, and this negative behavior is responsible for an increasing number of obesity cases in dogs. ", "We often encourage this behavior, because we like it when our dogs act cute and try to cajole us for a treat: we interpret this as a sign of love. ", "This particular behavior problem happens because:\n\nThey love food\n\nThey associate food with love\n\nThey want to please you\n\nThe behavioral training which gives best results is to never fall in the trap of feeding your dog when he’s begging.", "\n\nTeaching him the “Wait” command is the best thing for solving this problem – if he waits an acceptable amount of time, he will get some food after you finish eating. ", "You can also teach him the “Stay” command – your dog will learn how to stay in a specially designated spot, while you’re eating.", "\n\nMoreover, make sure that he’s properly fed at all times and he’s not begging because he’s too hungry.", "\n\nChasing round and round\n\nChasing becomes an increasing problem for your dog especially when you take him outside. ", "This is an instinctive dog behavior and you can never completely eliminate it. ", "Understanding the causes though can show you the best solution to prevent it:\n\nLots of energy\n\nLack of focus\n\nTriggers\n\nThe first thing you want to do to correct this dog behavior is train him to walk on a leash. ", "Apart from this, your dog has to be properly exercised at all times: play with him, walk him and make sure he doesn’t have the necessary energy to run after something else.", "\n\nYou should also teach your dog that, when you go out, he should mainly focus on you and not on other targets. ", "You can do that by calling his name from time to time or saying the command “Look at me”, and giving him a treat after. ", "Try doing this as frequently as possible during the first few walks, as to make sure he’s learnt to concentrate on your behavior.", "\n\nBesides all this, you have to always keep an eye out for various triggers from the environment and anticipate a possible chasing behavior from your dog. ", "Most of these exciting stimuli – people riding bikes, kids running around, cars, other dogs – can’t be eliminated or avoided forever. ", "Train your dog to calmly be around these stimuli. ", "When he gets to excited, gently touch his back, belly or leg to distract his attention, give him the “Stay” command and reward him with a treat.", "\n\nPulling the leash\n\nA dog behavior we want to teach our favorite companions from when they’re very young is properly walking on a leash beside us. ", "The reason why the unwanted behavioral problem of your dog pulling the leash frequently appears may be due to:\n\nYou didn’t train him with a short leash\n\nYour dog thinks he calls the shots when taking a walk\n\nCuriosity and excitement to explore\n\nLots of energy\n\nThe solution for this dog behavior is a few days of proper training. ", "The first thing you have to do is make sure you use a short, but loose leash. ", "You should never pull the leash yourself in opposite direction. ", "Play with your dog before taking him out and make sure you exhaust him quite a bit.", "\n\nAfter that, put him on the leash, and if he starts pulling, stop and turn around without moving. ", "He will have no other choice but to follow your lead. ", "In fact, that’s what you have to train your dog to know: the expected behavior is following your calls. ", "Never let your dog be the first out the door, and always be a step or two before him when you’re passing through a narrow place.", "\n\nBesides, you shouldn’t let your dog sniff or urinate when he wants to during the walk; these should be the rewards he’s getting after properly walking in a leash for ten minutes or so. ", "Apart from this, remember to give him treats, as to build a connection between the treat and the walk.", "\n\nViolent behavior: biting\n\nIf you haven’t stopped your dog’s chewing behavior when he was a pup, you may later find out that this can turn into a regular issue of him starting to bite you or your guests. ", "This behavior problem can appear because of many causes, like:\n\nPack mentality\n\nExploring the environment\n\nPlaying\n\nExpressing dominance\n\nYour dog must first learn that you are in charge, so never let him bite you – not even when he’s a cute pup and his behavior is funny rather than hurtful. ", "Training your dog the desired behavior can be effectively done by teaching him the command “Off”.", "\n\nGrab a treat and place it in your hand. ", "Show your dog the treat and then immediately close your palm. ", "Your dog will try to nip at your hand to get you to open it, but you’ll have to calmly say the command “Off” at regular intervals, until he gives up. ", "When he has let go of your hand, open it and let him have the treat.", "\n\nDo this for as many times necessary to train him. ", "After he has learnt the “Off” command, replace the treat with a toy. ", "You’re therefore training your dog’s behavior to always choose chewing a toy instead of your skin.", "\n\nJumping up and down\n\nJumping is a common dog behavior, an instinct that your dog has. ", "In fact this is how puppies greet their moms, so your dog may just be greeting you. ", "However, jumping can become a serious behavior problem especially if your dog is of a larger size and you want him to stop. ", "Below are the main causes for jumping:\n\nHappiness to see you\n\nAnxiety\n\nDominance\n\nSeeking attention\n\nThe worst thing you can do in these situations is to pet him when he jumps on you, hoping that will calm him down. ", "Conversely, that will only reinforce your dog’s behavioral problem. ", "You also shouldn’t grab his paws and push him away, since he can interpret that as the beginning of playtime.", "\n\nThe effective training that corrects this unwanted dog behavior starts by first ignoring your dog when he jumps on you. ", "This strategy for training your dog’s behavior is based on building a strong association in his mind between jumping and being ignored.", "\n\nIf you already taught your dog the “Off” command, you can use that to train him to get off you. ", "You can also teach him the “Sit” command using the same reward techniques and anticipate the jumping behavior. ", "Tell him to sit before he actually jumps on you, so he knows not to ambush you.", "\n\nReally bad behavior: aggression\n\nMost people who have aggressive dogs feel helpless when trying to take care of this problem. ", "Before correcting this dangerous dog behavior, you have to make sure that your dog is indeed aggressive and not just playful. ", "Here are the signs of aggressiveness:\n\nRepeated biting that causes wound or bruising\n\nGrowling\n\nShowing his teeth\n\nGuttural barking\n\nCharging\n\nThat’s why you have to train your dog the desired behavior as soon as possible, and not allow him near children or in public places without wearing a muzzle. ", "If you don’t have a dog yet, but you’re considering adoption, be very wary of aggressive behavior. ", "Apart from the manifestations, this behavior problem also has a plethora of causes:\n\nBeing afraid of something\n\nBeing protective\n\nBeing territorial\n\nBeing possessive\n\nTrying to dominate\n\nFeeling pain\n\nThe behavior training for this particular issue your dog has starts from correctly identifying the causes, and eliminating the negative stimulus which makes your dog feel scared or in pain. ", "Your dog should also undergo extensive obedience training if he continues to think he should dominate you.", "\n\nMounting\n\nTo start with, you have to understand that masturbation is a very common dog behavior. ", "Some dogs will lick themselves, while others will try to hump your leg. ", "Puppies usually tend to mount each other, and that is the beginning of them learning sexual behavior. ", "Dogs can even continue doing this after they have been neutered or spayed, simply because it feels good for them.", "\n\nIf you can’t completely stop your dog from masturbating, mounting and humping are indeed disturbing behavior problems which must be stopped. ", "In order to do that, try to understand why your dog is humping your leg:\n\nSexual behavior\n\nPlayfulness\n\nStress\n\nDominance\n\nCompulsiveness\n\nMedical issues: urinary tract infections, incontinence, priapism\n\nOnce you’ve ruled out the medical problems, you can try some training strategies to eliminate this dog behavioral problem. ", "First, keep your dog exercised and preoccupied with other activities. ", "Secondly, try anticipating the mounting behavior and distract his attention with something else, like a toy.", "\n\nThirdly, you can also use the “Off” command which we discussed earlier and reward him for leaving you alone. ", "If neither of these solutions work, consider the help of a Professional Trainer or an Animal Behaviorist.", "\n\nIn conclusion\n\nAll that being said, to actively control your dog’s behavior and teach him what’s expected of him, you have to start from a very young age. ", "You have to be very firm, and never fall in the trap of compromising – this will only deepen your dog’s behavior problems. ", "We know it’s hard when puppies beg, cry, gently nip your hands like little beasts and generally try to be cute, but these are behavioral issues which must not be rewarded.", "\n\nBe firm and assertive and use effective behavioral training that rewards the desired behaviors. ", "You should avoid punishing the undesired behaviors as much as possible. ", "Negative reinforcement doesn’t eliminate the cause, but the symptom. ", "Your dog will likely not bite YOU anymore, but he can try to bite the neighborhood kids.", "\n\nAs such, surround your dog with love, exercise, toys and treats and you’ll most certainly get rid of all his behavior problems.", "\n\nJohn Walton lives in Somerville, MA, with his two dogs, two sons, and very understanding mate. ", "He is a Certified Pet Dog Trainer, a member of the International Association of Animal Behavior Consultants, a mentor trainer for the Animal Behavior College, an AKC Certified CGC Evaluator, and the Training Director for the New England Dog Training Club.", "\n\nJoin Us in Social NETWORKS\n\nReproduction of any portion of this website only at the permission of DogsAholic.", "\n\nThe information contained on this website meant to be a substitute for advice from your own veterinarian or dog trainer. ", "All content is for informational purposes only.", "\n\nAll images are the property of their respective owners. ", "If you found any image copyrighted to yours, please contact us at info@dogsaholic.com, so we can remove it.", "\n\nDogsAholic is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to amazon.com" ]

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[ "---\nauthor:\n- 'D. P. Weatherill'\n- 'K. Arndt'\n- 'R. Plackett'\n- 'and I .P. J. Shipsey'\nbibliography:\n- 'references.bib'\ntitle: 'An Electro - Optical Test System for Optimising Operating Conditions of CCD sensors for LSST'\n---\n\nIntroduction\n============\n\nIn this contribution we present the first results from the commissioning and early runs of an electro-optical test system which will be used to investigate optimisation of the operating parameters of CCDs for use in LSST, and also to investigate charge collection and transfer effects which may be of interest with regard to the LSST science goals (see [@Abell2009] for a detailed description of LSST science requirements). ", "The specifications and standard test procedures for LSST sensors are not described here (see [@doi:10.1117/12.2056733] for fuller detail). ", "Of particular interest to the subject of calibration, is that the LSST devices are highly segmented compared to many other CCDs (16 outputs), that the readout is fairly quick (550kHz pixel rate); and that the thick, back biased nature of the sensor leads to quite high non-linearities in charge collection (known widely as the “brighter-fatter” effect [@1748-0221-9-03-C03048]). ", "In the following sections we describe the design and construction of the test system, and present initial results from studying mean variance curves for various CCD bias conditions.", "\n\nExperimental Setup \\[expt\\_setup\\]\n==================================\n\nThe CCD test stand has been designed to be complementary to other facilities available to the LSST project (for a description of the test facility used in acceptance testing and benchmarking of sensors, see [@doi:10.1117/12.2231925]). ", "In particular, attention has been paid to low vibration operation and time stability.", "\n\nA 250W Quartz Tungsten Halogen (QTH) lamp illuminates a monochromator via an order sorting filter. ", "The output is coupled via a focussing lens assembly and liquid light guide to a 6\" integrating sphere. ", "A calibrated photodiode monitors one port of the integrating sphere at all times, and a visible spectrometer can be attached to another port in order to calibrate the spectral content of the system. ", "A custom baffle tube of 1m length is installed at the main output port of the integrating sphere. ", "The tube contains a single rectangular knife-edge baffle, and the geometry of both tube and baffle are chosen such that all stray diffuse rays arising from up to one reflection are removed (see ). ", "Inside, the tube is coated in black flocked paper to eliminate specular reflection and reduce diffuse reflection as far as possible. ", "The end and centre plates of the baffle tube were manufactured in matte nylon using 3D printing.", "\n\n![", "CAD drawing of baffle configuration\\[baffle\\_config\\]](graphics/baffle_render_annotated)\n\nWhen spot or pattern illumination is required, the baffle tube can be removed, and a projector system can be slid in front of the cryostat along precision dovetail optical rails. ", "The projector system consists of a small (2\") integrating sphere, an iris aperture, a light tight target wheel, and a matched achromat doublet lens pair. ", "The whole assembly is mounted on an XYZ positioning stage, with $1 \\mathrm{\\mu m} $ resolution in the CCD array directions, and $100 nm$ resolution in the focussing direction. ", "The travel of the stages is such that the entire area of the CCD ($\\approx 45 \\mathrm{mm}$ square ) can be covered. ", "As with the flat field system, illumination is introduced via liquid light guide. ", "When used in this mode, a large dark enclosure is placed over the entire system, and a small conical baffle is attached to the cryostat window.", "\n\nThe CCD under test itself is housed in an aluminium cryostat (manufactured by Universal Cryogenics), which is evacuated to high vacuum using a turbopump, and can then be subsequently isolated via a valve and the pump deactivated to reduce vibration during measurement. ", "A 6L tank is situated behind the temperature stage within the cryostat, which can be filled externally with liquid nitrogen. ", "Operating temperature is maintained with a PID controlled 25W cartridge heater. ", "The filling procedure is automated using a cryogenic solenoid valve attached to a self-pressurising storage dewar, and occurs roughly daily. ", "The cooling system is thus virtually vibration free outside of these brief filling cycles, especially compared to an active compressor based continuous cycle system. ", "Six 50-way D-SUB connectors provide electrical feed-through into the cryostat, and a UV-grade fused silica window allows illumination. ", "A manually actuated linear rod enables a small Fe-55 radioactive source to be positioned in front of the CCD. ", "A schematic of the cryostat configuration is shown in .", "\n\n![", "Partial cutaway view of the testing cryostat \\[cryo\\_config\\]](graphics/cryo_render_annotated)\n\nCCD readout and clocking is controlled by an STA Archon[@doi:10.1117/12.2058402]. ", "This provides 16-channels of digital CDS readout running at 100MHz, clock drivers for the image, register and reset clocks, and DC voltages for the output drain ($V_\\mathrm{OD}$), output gate ($V_\\mathrm{OG}$), reset drain ($V_{RD}$), guard drain ($V_{GD}$) and back substrate ($V_{BB}$) bias lines. ", "Preamplifiers and differential converters on custom boards are attached directly to the cryostat feedthrough (these are of the same design as described in [@doi:10.1117/12.2231925]), and signals, clock lines and biases are passed to a custom archon adaptor board through dual link DVI-I cables, which are used due to the high number of differential pairs available at low cost.", "\n\nThe entire system apart from the light source and monochromator is mounted on an active pneumatically controlled optical table of $ 900 \\mathrm{mm} \\times 1200 \\mathrm{mm} $. ", "As far as possible, vibration causing equipment (e.g. containing fans) is kept off the table. ", "A photograph of the whole system is shown in .", "\n\n![", "Photograph of optical test system in flat field configuration \\[test\\_system\\_photo\\]](graphics/039_scaled){width=\"\\textwidth\"}\n\nGain and Full Well Measurements\n===============================\n\nAccurate and robust measurement of the camera gain is critical, not least because many other performance measurements depend directly on knowledge of the gain. ", "In most CCDs, measuring gain, full well, read noise and other quantities is accomplished using the photon transfer curve (based on shot noise statistics of incident photons), or else using an Fe-55 radioactive source (illuminating with X-ray photons of a known energy) [@janesick2001scientific]. ", "In a thick, back illuminated, deep depletion device such as those used for LSST however, both methods present some complications.", "\n\nDue to the brighter-fatter effect, flat field illumination of the CCD results in correlations between nearby pixel values which are not caused by traditional crosstalk mechanisms in the readout chain [@1748-0221-9-03-C03048]. ", "In terms of photon transfer analysis, this exhibits as a non-linearity in the expected linear mean-variance curve [@doi:10.1117/12.671457]. ", "One approach to obtain the gain information in these circumstances is to fit a quadratic, rather than linear, curve to the mean variance data [@6681961; @doi:10.1117/12.2024263]. ", "Another is to recover the linearity by constructing a mean-covariance curve where nearby pixel to pixel co-variances are added to the variance [@guyonnet2015evidence]. ", "Both methods are briefly examined below. ", "Measuring the gain using Fe-55 illumination is complicated by the thickness of the device (100 $\\mu$m), and the small pixel size (10 $\\mu$m): since the vast majority of X-ray photons convert very near the back surface of the device and must drift to the collecting gates, the resulting electron clouds are found to be mostly split over multiple pixels.", "\n\nWe now turn to discussing the implementation of each method. ", "The mean variance data in each case is obtained from difference pairs of flat field illuminated frames, after serial overscan correction (which is performed using a single median average of the serial overscan pixels). ", "Each difference image is then masked for cosmic rays using a local median filter method (connected groups of more than 2 pixels which are greater than 5 times the image standard deviation $\\sigma$ above the median level of the nearby 10 square pixel region are masked). ", "Any difference images with a median more than 50DN away from zero are excluded (arising for example due to light source instability), though these are rare cases. ", "Implementations of the fitting, minimisation and interpolation procedures used are those from scipy [@4160250].", "\n\nFe-55 calibration\n-----------------\n\nThe standard method to measure gain using Fe-55 illumination is to find the peak due to Mn-K$\\alpha$1 absorption line (at 5898 eV) in the image histogram, which deposits a known number of electrons ($~1615$) into the pixel. ", "As previously noted, however, the device thickness and small pixel size results in very few single pixel collections of x-ray charge clouds. ", "To recover the energy peak, the image pixels can be summed over small areas, but in our case even this does not accurately recover the peak. ", "Ideally, this process would be performed using on-chip binning (to eliminate the extra read noise cost in summing the pixels after readout), though this was not performed in our investigation. ", "A simple event recognition algorithm (based on finding values more than 5$\\sigma$ above the background image level and summing the nearby 3x3 region) produces better results (see ). ", "A similar approach has been used by many previous authors, e.g. [@doi:10.1117/12.876627]. ", "The histograms shown are “raw”, in the sense that they use 1 bin per DN value in the original image. ", "The use of Knuth’s procedure for optimal re-binning of histograms [@2006physics...5197K] can then be used with great effect to improve the visibility of features (see right panel of ). ", "We are unable to see the peak distinctly than that of Mn-K$\\alpha$, which is likely because the level of\n\n![", "example Fe-55 histograms, constructed from 100 images, with $V_\\mathrm{BB}=-60\\mathrm{V}$. We compare raw images, summed in 2x2 and 3x3 regions, and simple event processed data (left panel). ", "We demonstrate the use of optimal re-binning via Knuth’s rule to improve histogram quality (right panel)\\[fe55\\_histograms\\]](graphics/fe55_hists)\n\nFinding Full Well \\[find\\_full\\_well\\]\n--------------------------------------\n\n![", "finding full well via a spline fit \\[find\\_full\\_well\\_graph\\]](graphics/full_well_fit)\n\nIn order to successfully use either of the possible non-linear fitting methods, it is required that a good estimate of the full well is first obtained, because above this point, the mean-variance curve changes behaviour. ", "Simultaneously, a good measurement of full well is often . ", "To find full well from the mean variance data, first we find the point at which the maximum variance $\\sigma^2_\\mathrm{max}$ was obtained. ", "Since it is unlikely that a data point we have taken in the experiment falls exactly at full well, we then fit a cubic spline representation to the data points which lie either side of the maximum, and which have a variance value $\\sigma^2 \\geq {\\sigma^2_\\mathrm{MAX} \\over 2}$. We then use Brent’s method [@brent2013algorithms Chapter 4] to find the turning point (via finding the root of the spline’s derivative), and call this value the full well capacity ($s_\\mathrm{FW}$). ", "This procedure is illustrated in . ", "Note that in general the full well capacity defined in this way is significantly different than the saturation level of the output amplifier (as shown in ), though both are important quantities which can be optimised using bias conditions and clocking.", "\n\nQuadratic Fitting \\[quadratic\\_fitting\\]\n----------------------------------------\n\n![", "example of a mean variance curve for one CCD output channel. ", "Red points show the mean-variance data, triangular marks show the reconstructed mean-covariance data (see ) for various covariance distances $M$. The equivalent shot noise line from a quadratic fit is shown by the dashed red line. ", "Note that the full well capacity identified (red vertical line in right hand panel, horizontal line left hand panel) is not the same as the level at which the output signal saturates (as seen in the left hand panel) \\[ptc\\_schematic\\] ](graphics/ptc_schematic)\n\nFollowing [@guyonnet2015evidence], we fit the following function (via a least squares polynomial fit) to the mean variance data: $$\\sigma^2\\left(\\bar{s}\\right) = -{1\\over 2}\\alpha \\bar{s}^2 + {\\bar{s} \\over {2K}} + {\\sigma^2_0\\over 2}$$\n\nwhere $\\bar{s}$ is the median signal level (in digital number units), $\\sigma^2_0$ is the offset variance, $\\alpha$ is the non-linearity and $K$ is the camera gain. ", "The factor of $1\\over 2$ is necessary because in combining two separate images and taking the difference, we have doubled the variance due to shot noise [@janesick2001scientific]. ", "Only those data where $ S \\leq \\gamma S_\\mathrm{FW}$ are used, where $\\gamma$ is a somewhat arbitrary choice, though clearly it must be less than unity (see ). ", "In practice, we find a value of $\\gamma=0.9$ to be robust over many mean-variance curves. ", "It is,however, found that the choice of $\\gamma$ can influence the resulting gain more than the reported fit error, which is a problem if agreement on the exact gain value is important (see ). ", "A sample fitted quadratic and corresponding derived linear gain curve (i.e. with slope $1 \\over K$) is shown in ).", "\n\nMean - Covariance Curve \\[mean\\_cov\\]\n-------------------------------------\n\nThe brighter - fatter effect causes electrons correlations between nearby pixel values, and thus reduces the image variance. ", "This “missing” variance is effectively moved to the covariance between pixels. ", "Defining the covariance between pixels in a difference image $C_{n,m}$ as: $$C_{n,m} = { \\sum_{i,j} s_{i,j}s_{i+n,j+m} \\over \\sum_{i,j} s^2 }$$ where the sums run over all the image pixels, and $s_{i,j}$ represents the value of the pixel at position $\\left(i,j\\right)$. The covariance sum $D(M)$ is given by: $$D(M) = \\sum_{n=1,m=1}^M C_{n,m}$$ The mean-covariance curve is then constructed: $${\\sigma^2}^\\prime\\left(\\bar{s}\\right) = {\\sigma^2\\left(\\bar{s}\\right) \\over {2K}} + {D(M)\\sigma^2\\left(\\bar{s}\\right)\\over {2K}} + {\\sigma^2_0\\over 2}$$ As $M$ is increased, linearity of the gain curve is gradually recovered. ", "Mean-covariance curves for several values of $M$ are shown in . ", "A linear function can then be fitted to the mean-covariance data. ", "In common with the quadratic fitting case, $\\gamma$ must be chosen suitably, though we find a wider range of values over which the resulting gain measurement is stable (see ). ", "In addition, a value for $M$ must be chosen. ", "In principle, the higher the value for $M$ the better, since brighter fatter correlations can extend over many pixels. ", "However, factors such as read noise and true cross-talk introduced by downstream readout electronics will eventually become dominant over brighter-fatter correlations at high $M$.\n\nComparison of Gain Methods \\[gain\\_comparison\\]\n-----------------------------------------------\n\n![", "Measuring the camera gain using different methods from the same mean-variance data. ", "In each case, errors are derived from the fitting covariance. ", "The horizontal line shows gain as measured by Fe-55 for the same channel. ", "\\[ptc\\_comp\\_graph\\]](graphics/gain_comparison)\n\nAn example of finding the camera gain using the methods described in and for a particular CCD channel are shown in . ", "The agreement between mean-variance fitting methods and Fe-55 increases with $\\gamma$, though as expected, becomes less accurate with $\\gamma \\geq 1$. Agreement with Fe-55 measurement also increases in the case of the mean-covariance method with increasing $M$, though beyond a certain point the derived values over-estimate with respect to the Fe-55 gain, possibly because any correlated external noise sources with a comparatively low frequency begin to contribute at higher distances.", "\n\nVoltage Level Optimization\n==========================\n\nThe gain value measured as the backside bias of the CCD varies has been observed to change by Robbins et al in previous work [@doi:10.1117/12.876627]. ", "The most likely physical reason is the dependency of the depletion capacitance of the pn junction forming the sense node on the bias. ", "We also observe this behaviour (see ), though it seems that the strength of this effect is much greater in the LSST CCD than for the (in some ways similar) device examined by the previous authors’ work.", "\n\n![", "Variation of measured output gain as a function of backside substrate bias, $V_\\mathrm{BB}$. The measurements displayed here use the mean-covariance method with $\\gamma=0.8$ and $M=12$ \\[gain\\_vs\\_vbb\\_graph\\]](graphics/FWC_VBB)\n\nAn important consideration in choosing the operating image clock levels of a CCD is to prevent surface channel transport. ", "As a comparison, we first measured the channel inversion threshold using the method described by Janesick [@janesick2001scientific]: finding the level of $V_\\mathrm{RD}$ at which charge injection into the output node begins. ", "This value was found to be $V_\\mathrm{INV}=(9.8 \\pm 0.1) \\mathrm{V}$. One would expect the optimum value of the image clock in terms of full well capacity to be slightly below this value. ", "The forms of some mean variance curves, and the resulting measured full well capacities for selected CCD channels are shown in . ", "Indeed the optimum full well is found to be approximately 1.25V below the inversion threshold. ", "Note also that above the optimum image clock operating point, the shape of the mean variance curve above full well is found to be qualitatively different, the variance dropping more gradually before saturation. ", "The value of the full well capacity of different channel varies somewhat significantly, though all channels appear to agree well on the position of the optimum image clock value.", "\n\n![", "Measurement of full well as integration clock voltage $V_\\mathrm{I\\Phi}$ is altered. (", "above panel) the shape of mean-variance curves for various image clock voltages. (", "below panel) The measured full well capacity as image clock is adjusted. ", "The vertical blue line shows the measured inversion threshold potential \\[iphi\\_fw\\_graph\\]](graphics/iphi_fw)\n\nConclusions\n===========\n\nAn experimental system has been described which is designed to assist with optimisation studies of charge collection and operating points of CCD sensors for LSST.", "\n\nAn investigation into different ways to calibrate gain in the presence of brighter-fatter effect has been conducted, and it is found that gain measurements using non-linear techniques on mean variance data agree with those from Fe-55, though only with some selections of the data used in the fit. ", "Our recommendation at this stage would be in general to attempt calibration using the mean-covariance method, which appears to be more broadly stable over a broader range of chosen parameters.", "\n\nWe measured gain and full well on a prototype LSST sensor, whilst varying the backside bias and image clock voltage levels. ", "To optimise full well and avoid surface transport effects, the image clock must be set to a value lower than the channel inversion threshold. ", "Indeed, to retain charge transfer efficiency performance this level should be chosen rather conservatively.", "\n\nWe wish to acknowledge funding for this work from STFC and Oxford University. ", "Many thanks to colleagues at Brookhaven National Laboratory for their support and useful discussions throughout the work. ", "Chris Damerell at Oxford has also provided much useful input and discussions.", "\n" ]

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[ "Activating Windows 10 Pro on Surface Tablet 3 (cheap licenses)\n\nI got bit of a bargain on Amazon warehouse for a Surface 3 tablet recently. ", "However, the windows 10 on it isn't activated so I need to get myself a license. ", "Microsoft told me there's nothing they can do and they were confused as to how it wasn't activated - infact, they weren't very helpful and told me to return it to Amazon. ", "Amazon have offered a 20% partial refund for the inconvenience.", "\n\nHowever, when I went to MS store was shocked to see W10 Pro costs £189.99. ", "Does anyone know if I can buy something like this which is much cheaper:ebay.co.uk/itm…431?hash=item1a202296c7:g:-zQAAOSwImRYKt2kor this one:ebay.co.uk/itm…645?hash=item3d286cea9d:g:-CsAAOSwh2xX-67D\n\nAnd does anyone know if I have to reinstall the Windows or do I simply put the code in and I'm good to go?", "\n\nIf you reinstall Windows 10 from a USB stick and connect to Wifi during the final phases of the setup it will automatically activate. ", "Sometimes there is a problem where if you don't connect to Wifi at the first opportunity offered Windows does not later activate. ", "Alternatively if the system has a recovery image that should also work.", "\n\n24th Nov 2016\n\nI usually use opiumpulses.com but I just checked and it is $19.99 on there at the moment, there was another cheap site I saw advertised on here but I can't seem to find it now.", "\n\n24th Nov 2016\n\nGood to go provided the version you have installed corresponds with the key you are buying.", "If you buy one of those keys there's a low but not unreasonable chance you will end up with problems in 3-4 months with your software getting deactivated when the seller re-sells the keys to someone else.", "\n\nThanks guys. ", "I'll see if I can go down the recovery route first and see what happens.", "\n\nIf that doesn't work, I'll buy one of those keys on eBay and take the risk if may deactivate after a few months.", "\n\nSo basically I just have to be sure it's windows 10 pro 64bit which is what I'm seeing is installed on the tablet and that will be fine when I enter the code?", "\n\n24th Nov 2016\n\nSuggest unique issue related to current win installation. ", "Suggest restore or combination of wiping primary win partition and clean install windows will result in auto-activation the first time the machine connects to internet. ", "If you are concerned about losing whatever installation you have \"as received / current,\" clone the existing installation to a backup device first, Macrium Reflect free will permit you to clone and subsequently restore if required.", "\n\n24th Nov 2016\n\nI assume the problem happened because the tablet originally came with Windows 8.1 and whoever upgraded it to W10 waited until the free offer was over or they did a clean install without first doing the upgrade. ", "So doing the recovery is unlikely to help.", "\n\n24th Nov 2016\n\nIf it's a possibility, you could rollback to windows 8.1 and then get a free upgrade to windows 10 via the accessibility \"loophole\" - microsoft.com/en-…ade\n\n24th Nov 2016\n\nCfcb\n\nI assume the problem happened because the tablet originally came with … I assume the problem happened because the tablet originally came with Windows 8.1 and whoever upgraded it to W10 waited until the free offer was over or they did a clean install without first doing the upgrade. ", "So doing the recovery is unlikely to help.", "\n\nIn which case restore /reinstall win8.1, then update to win10 by declaring assistive technologies requirement microsoft.com/en-…ade\n\n24th Nov 2016\n\nJust don't bother activating. ", "Im sure I read w10 works fine without activation with only a few minor limitations.", "\n\nOriginal Poster\n\n24th Nov 2016\n\nYes not sure what the limitations are but it does work even though it's not activated and it downloads newest updates.", "\n\nCurrently doing a restore so will see what happens after that and get back to you.im not very good with these things so don't really know how to restore it to W8.1 which it likely came with and then hoping it activates then update to W10. ", "If the restore doesn't rectify it, I'll likely just buy a cheap key.", "\n\nBtw, it's a great tablet and so fast. ", "As quick as my work Xps 15.", "\n\n24th Nov 2016\n\nYou could just download an ISO for windows 8.1 (https://www.microsoft.com/en-gb/software-download/windows8ISO) and re-install it that way? ", "I did this with one of my desktops a while ago when I screwed up my restore image - it took a bit of time to do, but saved some money\n\nAnyway good luck\n\nOriginal Poster\n\n24th Nov 2016\n\nThanks guys. ", "The restore didn't address the issue so just bought a key off ebay for £10. ", "See how long it lasts but the tablet is now activated. ", "Thanks again for the help." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nUsing Child methods from a List objects\n\nCurrently I've got a ton of methods that are all similar: From a list of Parents, I'm casting an object to it's proper type and then Drawing it. ", "This works fine, but is extremely unwieldy as each method is exactly identical other than the cast. ", "\nIt looks something like this\npublic class Parent\n{ \n public virtual void Draw()\n {\n //deliberately nothing\n }\n}\n\npublic class Child1 : Parent\n{ \n public override void Draw()\n {\n //draw this object, but slightly different method than Parent\n }\n}\n\npublic class Child2 : Parent\n{ \n public override void Draw()\n {\n //draw this, but slightly different method than Child1 and Parent\n }\n}\n\n/////////////////////////\n\nList<Parent> parent_list = new List<Parent>();\nparent_list.", "Add(new Child1());\nparent_list.", "Add(new Child2());\n\n/////////////////////////\n\nforeach (Parent parent in parent_list)\n{\n parent.", "Draw(); //Would like to use child1 and child2's draw\n}\n\n/////////////////////////\n\n///instead I'm doing a manual cast for each child class\nforeach (Parent parent in parent_list)\n{\n Child1 child = (Child1)parent;\n child.", "Draw();\n}\n\nforeach (Parent parent in parent_list)\n{\n Child2 child = (Child2)parent;\n child.", "Draw();\n}\n\nThe issue I'm running into is that it's trying to call Parent.", "Draw() when I want to it to call Child.", "Draw() I'm positive there's a better way to design the code, but I can't figure it out. ", "\nHow can I call elegantly call Draw on all the elements of in list when the only thing in common is their parent?", "\n\nA:\n\nI suppose your child classes are inherited from Parent (otherwise it wouldn't be possible to add child object's to parents collection and have Draw method overridden). ", "Also I don't understand why you are calling to this.", "Draw inside Draw methods? ", "It will cause recursive calls. ", "You should have method implementations there\npublic class Parent \n{ \n public virtual void Draw()\n {\n // parent implementation of Draw\n }\n}\n\npublic class Child1 : Parent\n{ \n public override void Draw()\n {\n // child1 implementation of Draw\n }\n}\n\npublic class Child2 : Parent\n{ \n public override void Draw()\n {\n // use base.", "Draw() to call parent implementation\n // child2 implementation of Draw\n }\n}\n\nThen when you do\nforeach (Parent parent in parent_list)\n{\n parent.", "Draw(); \n}\n\nOverridden (child) methods will be called here due to polymorphism. ", "\n\n" ]

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[ "The department of homeland security continues to waste tax payers dollars by doing absolutely nothing related with the reason they were created (terrorism) and everything to do with continuing to stomp on all of rights. ", "It has been revealed that DHS is currently searching facebook and twitter accounts for anyone even mentioning marijuana. ", "The war on drugs has reached the point where it needs to be put in an insane asylum.", "\n\nContinue Reading" ]

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[ "Background\n==========\n\nSurvival in childhood cancer has improved significantly in recent years \\[[@B1],[@B2]\\]. ", "This has been attributed to the organisation of care in key centres, and development of national and international clinical trials which facilitate more rapid knowledge and refinements of new protocols. ", "Depending on the specific cancer, children are treated with a combination of radiotherapy, chemotherapy and surgery. ", "Duration of chemotherapy also varies but can be up to 3 years for boys treated for the most common cancer, acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL).", "\n\nDespite the improved survival statistics, cancer remains a potentially life-threatening condition, and as such poses a major challenge to both child and family. ", "During the course of treatment, most children experience unpleasant physical side-effects. ", "Behavioural and emotional problems have also been identified. ", "In the longer term, there is a considerable risk of late effects \\[[@B3]\\]. ", "These include reduced linear growth, compromised endocrine and sensory functions, and damage to cardiac and reproductive systems.", "\n\nIn addition to the effects on children, adverse consequences for parents\\' immediate and longer-term physical and mental health have been reported \\[[@B4]-[@B6]\\]. ", "Many parents report elevated levels of depression and anxiety especially in the months immediately after diagnosis \\[[@B7]\\], but for most this decreases over time \\[[@B5],[@B8],[@B9]\\].", "\n\nImprovements in survival are the result of increasingly aggressive treatments, raising questions about the *quality*of life (QOL) as well as *quantity*or length of survival. ", "For the child, QOL is likely to be compromised by the pain of illness and treatment, lack of energy to enjoy everyday activities, and fears about the future. ", "Mothers themselves experience great changes to their lives, staying in hospital with their child, perhaps giving up or reducing the hours they spend at work, as well as learning how to manage the child\\'s medical care at home. ", "The relatively recent emergence of standardised QOL measures provides the opportunity to formalise the extent to which QOL is compromised for mothers and children following diagnosis, and to describe any differences in impact depending on characteristics of the child (age, gender) and illness.", "\n\nIn this study, we obtained ratings from mothers about their own, and their child\\'s QOL, and compared these with population norms. ", "We predicted that, in the months immediately after diagnosis, mothers would rate their own and their child\\'s QOL significantly below norms for the normal population. ", "Second, we explored relationships between mothers\\' QOL and more illness-specific worries, and third, predicted that mothers who rated their own QOL to be poor would also rate their child\\'s QOL to be poor.", "\n\nMethods\n=======\n\nProcedure\n---------\n\nFamilies of a newly diagnosed child were invited to participate in a study about coping with the child\\'s illness. ", "Families were approached approximately three months after diagnosis, as the child\\'s condition is normally relatively stable, and treatment is on an out-patient basis. ", "Families were approached by the clinic nurse at a routine clinic visit and given written and verbal information about the study. ", "Those who agreed to participate gave signed consent and were subsequently contacted by the research team who visited the family at home. ", "All aspects of the procedure were approved by the Hospital Ethics Committees.", "\n\nSample\n------\n\nEnglish-speaking families of children aged 2--18 years diagnosed at five cancer centres in the UK over a two-year period were approached. ", "Exclusions were children with advanced disease, cognitive or neurological impairment prior to diagnosis, or other complicating conditions (e.g. Down\\'s syndrome).", "\n\nA total of 87 families took part (60%) of those eligible. ", "Families who refused cited lack of interest, too distressed or too busy as explanations. ", "The sample was predominantly Caucasian; there were two families of Asian origin, but both had lived in the UK for more than 10 years. ", "There were 58 males and 29 females. ", "The ages of the children ranged from 2 years 6 months to 16 years 3 months (mean = 7 years, median = 5 years 8 months). ", "Children were being treated for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL, n = 57), brain tumours (n = 11), bone tumours (n = 17) and 2 rare cancers.", "\n\nQuestionnaires\n--------------\n\n### Child\\'s QOL\n\nThe Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL ™ 4.0) \\[[@B10]\\] includes subscales to measure physical health, social, school and emotional functioning. ", "There are separate age-appropriate versions including one for children aged 2.5--4 years. ", "For each item, mothers are asked how much of a problem has been experienced over the last month. ", "Items are rated on 5-point Likert scales, from 0 (never a problem) to 4 (almost always a problem). ", "After aggregation and transformation, subscale scores range from 0--100, with higher scores representing better QOL.", "\n\nThe Maternal worry scale \\[[@B11]\\] is an 11-item scale that measures mothers\\' worries concerning the child\\'s future. ", "Examples of the items include worries about future reliance on medication, becoming worse in the future and feeling different from others as a result of the illness. ", "The scale has shown adequate psychometric properties, an internal consistency (Cronbach\\'s α) of 0.94 and a test-retest reliability of 0.84.", "\n\n### Mothers\\' well-being\n\nThe SF-36 scale \\[[@B12]\\] was included as a measure of mothers\\' own well-being. ", "This includes a single-item measure of change in health, plus eight subscales, with varying numbers of items and response formats, defined as physical functioning, role limitation (physical), role limitation (social), social functioning, mental health, energy/vitality, pain and general health perception. ", "The scale has been extensively used in health services research, has established psychometric properties and UK norms \\[[@B13]\\].", "\n\n### Medical data\n\nInformation about diagnosis and date of diagnosis were obtained from medical records.", "\n\nTreatment of results\n--------------------\n\nThere was considerable missing data for the school functioning subscale of the PedsQL ™ 4.0, which mothers did not complete whenever children were below school age or had not yet returned to school after diagnosis. ", "This subscale was therefore excluded from analyses. ", "We then calculated reliabilities for all the remaining scales and subscales. ", "Internal consistency was consistently good (see Table [1](#T1){ref-type=\"table\"}). ", "Comparisons between sample means and population means were based on 1 sample t-tests and relationships between variables investigated suing simple correlations. ", "All analyses were conducted using SPSS version 10 for Macintosh.", "\n\n###### \n\nChild and parental QOL measures: means, norms and reliabilities\n\n **Measure** **(n)** **mean** **Norm** **alpha** **t**\n ------------------------------ --------- ---------- ---------- ----------- --------\n **Child\\'s QOL** \n Physical Functioning 74 36.6\\* 84.9 0.86 -20.2\n Emotional Functioning 74 48.2\\* 74.7 0.75 -10.76\n Social Functioning 74 66.4\\* 86.6 0.80 -7.63\n **Parent\\'s QOL** \n Physical Function 66 91.77 89.5 0.91 1.19\n Social Functioning 68 59.2\\* 86.9 0.82 -7.37\n Role Limitation -- Physical 69 67.0\\* 84.6 0.85 -3.82\n Role Limitation -- Emotional 66 47.0\\* 80.6 0.77 -6.48\n Mental Health 69 54.5\\* 72.0 0.76 -7.16\n Energy/Vitality 68 44.6\\* 58.6 0.80 -5.01\n Pain 68 84.2 79.9 0.77 1.48\n General Health Perception 68 73.0 75.0 0.85 -0.86\n Worry 65 2.07 N/A 0.87 \n\n\\* Sample mean indicating significantly lower QOL than norm (*p*\\< .05, 1-tailed test).", "\n\nResults\n=======\n\nComparisons with population norms\n---------------------------------\n\nConsistent with our first hypothesis, mothers reported significantly lower QOL for their child compared with population norms (14). ", "They also reported their own QOL to be lower than expected across most subscales (13), notable exceptions being the SF-36 subscales relating to physical function and pain, where mothers reported functioning within the normal range. ", "These data are shown in Table [1](#T1){ref-type=\"table\"}.", "\n\nRelationship between mothers\\' own QOL and worries\n--------------------------------------------------\n\nMothers who reported more worries rated their own (r = -.53) and the child\\'s QOL (Physical r = -.31; Emotional r = -.36; Social r = -.42) to be lower.", "\n\nRelationship between mothers\\' own QOL and their ratings of the child\\'s QOL\n----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nThere were significant correlations between mothers\\' ratings of their own QOL and their ratings of the child\\'s QOL (Physical: r = 0.43; Emotional r = 0.43; and Social r = 0.52). ", "Mothers\\' ratings of the child\\'s QOL suggested no differences depending on diagnosis, child age or gender.", "\n\nDiscussion\n==========\n\nOur results suggest that, in the three to five months following diagnosis of ALL, mothers report that children\\'s QOL is significantly compromised compared with the normal population. ", "Although this is to be expected, the extent to which QOL scores were below population means was considerable. ", "On most subscales of the SF-36, mothers also reported their own QOL to be lower than population means. ", "Our results attest to the huge burden experienced by children and their parents during the initial period of treatment for cancer.", "\n\nAlthough correlations give no information about the direction of a relationship (whether worries compromised QOL or vice-vera), we found that mothers who were more worried reported lower QOL themselves. ", "Finally, mothers\\' ratings of their own QOL were correlated with their ratings of the child\\'s QOL. ", "Although it is normally recommended that ratings of QOL should be made by the patient wherever possible, it has always been acknowledged that there are situations, especially where children are very young or ill, when it is necessary to rely on parents\\' ratings. ", "Diagnosis of cancer in a child is likely to be one of those situations, in so far as children are often young, ill and distressed. ", "Our data suggest that mothers can provide ratings of the child\\'s QOL but these are related to their own QOL. ", "Mothers who rated their own QOL to be lower and reported more worries, rated the child\\'s QOL to be worse. ", "There is a question about how well mothers are able to report their child\\'s QOL. ", "A number of reports suggest there are differences between mothers and children in their views of the child\\'s QOL, although these have not been related in any simple way to variables such as age or gender \\[[@B15]\\].", "\n\nStudy limitations include reliance on mothers\\' ratings of their own and their child\\'s QOL. ", "Although we had wanted to measure children\\'s QOL by asking them directly, there were a number of obstacles to achieving this. ", "First, the average age on diagnosis of ALL is 4 years, meaning that many children were simply too young to respond for themselves. ", "Second, on diagnosis, even the older children tended to be too ill to respond.", "\n\nThe reliance on mothers, rather than fathers, may also be a limitation. ", "Mothers tend to be more involved with the care of the sick child, more responsible for medication and treatment decisions, and more likely to stay in hospital with the child. ", "In contrast, fathers tend to work as much as possible and generally try to maintain normal family life for other children in the family \\[[@B16]\\]. ", "This difference in experience, resulting in fathers remaining more involved in everyday life despite the child\\'s illness, may have an impact on parenting and parents\\' perceptions of the child\\'s QOL.", "\n\nIn addition, our sample included only 60% of those eligible. ", "We have no way of knowing whether those who refused differed in any crucial way from families who agreed to take part, though typically they stated they were too busy or distressed. ", "Given the suddenness of the diagnosis and the amount of hospitalisation and care typically needed, it is not surprising that some families were overwhelmed and did not wish to add an additional demand on their time. ", "As Ethics committees do not allow investigators to probe families reasons for agreeing or not to take part in research, we are unable to be any more precise on this point.", "\n\nA further limitation follows from use of PedsQL ™ 4.0 as a measure of QOL. ", "The PedsQL ™ 4.0 was developed as a generic measure of children\\'s QOL, and therefore does not tap specific implications associated with diagnosis and treatment. ", "Mothers failed to complete ratings in the schools subscale, on the basis that many children were attending sporadically or experienced very lengthy absences. ", "This suggests the measure may lack sensitivity for newly diagnosed children and challenges the adequacy of generic measures of QOL to provide a comprehensive assessment of QOL in children with serious illness. ", "Use of cancer specific scales would be helpful \\[[@B17]\\], though currently lack UK norms.", "\n\nIt is important that work of this kind has clinical implications for parents and medical staff. ", "There are concerns that the treatments currently used to treat cancer may unnecessarily compromise child QOL, both during treatment and in the longer term \\[[@B18]\\]. ", "Although use of Hickman lines and anti-emetic drugs are now routine and have reduced children\\'s experiences of pain and chemotherapy related sickness, our data suggest much still needs to be done to improve QOL in children on treatment. ", "Fear of infection and children\\'s fatigue mean that families lead very isolated lives after diagnosis. ", "If QOL is to be further improved, we need to find ways to reduce the sense of loneliness and isolation experienced, as well as family fears for the future.", "\n\nAuthors\\' contributions\n=======================\n\nC. Eiser conceived the study. ", "JR Eiser and CB Stride were responsible for analyses, and all contributed to the write-up.", "\n\nAcknowledgements\n================\n\nThis research was supported by a grant from the Cancer Research-UK (CP 1019/0101 & CP 1019/0104). ", "We would like to thank Yvonne Vance, Veronica Greco, Sally-Ann Clarke and Linda Sheppard for help with data collection and families and children who took part in this study, and Prof J. Varni for permission to use the PedsQL ™ 4.0 scale.", "\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Central" }

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[ "Author: Frank Block\n\nSee http://coding.f-block.org for updates and license information. " ]

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[ "Textiles and fabrics have been used to form various components or portions of shoes and other footwear, including shoe uppers. ", "However, some prior uses of textiles and/or fabrics to form a shoe upper require stitching of the textiles and/or fabrics to provide a shaped, three-dimensional component. ", "Such three-dimensional components thus include seams. ", "The presence of seams in a shoe upper can reduce the comfort and/or performance of the shoe. ", "Further, the need to stitch portions of textiles and/or fabrics together to form shoe components can substantially reduce the efficiency and/or increase the cost of manufacturing the components.", "\nTherefore, there exists a need for improved shoe components and improved methods of making shoe components." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds" }

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[ "Corrections\n\nNovember 23, 2000\n\n* A story in some editions of Wednesday's Local section about the report of three former police chiefs who investigated the death of Igod Allah incorrectly said Newport News paid more than $80,000 to the three for the investigation. ", "The city paid them nearly $27,000." ]

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[ "Sixth Form: The Flagship of Our School\n\nUpdated: Wed 13 Nov 2019Share:\n\nThe Flagship of our School\n\nAs Sixth Form students you will set the standard for younger pupils in the school. ", "You will lead by example, behaving and dressing professionally, readying you for the move to Higher Education and employment. ", "You will run your own Senior Prefect Team, Sixth Form Council and Sixth Form Committee and provide valuable guidance to younger students through our paired reading, peer mentoring, literacy and sports coaching schemes.", "\n\nYou will also act as representatives of TBSHS in the community, forging close links with organisations such as the Police, Grove Cottage and the Rotarians to raise money and to do direct outreach work to help vulnerable people.", "\n\nYou will represent the Sixth Form at TBSHS in all that you do. ", "We have very high standards and an expectation that all of our students want to challenge themselves to live up to the “Black and Gold” ethos." ]

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[ "# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify\n# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by\n# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or\n# (at your option) any later version.", "\n#\n# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,\n# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of\n# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. ", " See the\n# GNU Library General Public License for more details.", "\n#\n# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License\n# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software\n# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.", "\n# Copyright 2004 Duke University\n\n\"\"\"\nCore DNF Errors.", "\n\"\"\"\n\nfrom __future__ import unicode_literals\nfrom dnf.i18n import ucd, _, P_\nimport dnf.util\nimport libdnf\nimport warnings\n\nclass DeprecationWarning(DeprecationWarning):\n # :api\n pass\n\n\nclass Error(Exception):\n # :api\n \"\"\"Base Error. ", "All other Errors thrown by DNF should inherit from this.", "\n\n :api\n\n \"\"\"\n def __init__(self, value=None):\n super(Error, self).__init__()\n self.value = None if value is None else ucd(value)\n\n def __str__(self):\n return \"{}\".format(self.value)\n\n def __unicode__(self):\n return ucd(self.__str__())\n\n\n\nclass CompsError(Error):\n # :api\n pass\n\n\nclass ConfigError(Error):\n def __init__(self, value=None, raw_error=None):\n super(ConfigError, self).__init__(value)\n self.raw_error = ucd(raw_error) if raw_error is not None else None\n\n\nclass DatabaseError(Error):\n pass\n\n\nclass DepsolveError(Error):\n # :api\n pass\n\n\nclass DownloadError(Error):\n # :api\n def __init__(self, errmap):\n super(DownloadError, self).__init__()\n self.errmap = errmap\n\n @staticmethod\n def errmap2str(errmap):\n errstrings = []\n for key in errmap:\n for error in errmap[key]:\n msg = '%s: %s' % (key, error) if key else '%s' % error\n errstrings.append(msg)\n return '\\n'.join(errstrings)\n\n def __str__(self):\n return self.errmap2str(self.errmap)\n\n\nclass LockError(Error):\n pass\n\n\nclass MarkingError(Error):\n # :api\n\n def __init__(self, value=None, pkg_spec=None):\n \"\"\"Initialize the marking error instance.\"\"\"", "\n super(MarkingError, self).__init__(value)\n self.pkg_spec = None if pkg_spec is None else ucd(pkg_spec)\n\n def __str__(self):\n string = super(MarkingError, self).__str__()\n if self.pkg_spec:\n string += ': ' + self.pkg_spec\n return string\n\n\nclass MarkingErrors(Error):\n # :api\n def __init__(self, no_match_group_specs=(), error_group_specs=(), no_match_pkg_specs=(),\n error_pkg_specs=(), module_depsolv_errors=()):\n \"\"\"Initialize the marking error instance.\"\"\"", "\n msg = _(\"Problems in request:\")\n if (no_match_pkg_specs):\n msg += \"\\n\" + _(\"missing packages: \") + \", \".join(no_match_pkg_specs)\n if (error_pkg_specs):\n msg += \"\\n\" + _(\"broken packages: \") + \", \".join(error_pkg_specs)\n if (no_match_group_specs):\n msg += \"\\n\" + _(\"missing groups or modules: \") + \", \".join(no_match_group_specs)\n if (error_group_specs):\n msg += \"\\n\" + _(\"broken groups or modules: \") + \", \".join(error_group_specs)\n if (module_depsolv_errors):\n msg_mod = dnf.util._format_resolve_problems(module_depsolv_errors[0])\n if module_depsolv_errors[1] == \\\n libdnf.module.", "ModulePackageContainer.", "ModuleErrorType_ERROR_IN_DEFAULTS:\n msg += \"\\n\" + \"\\n\".join([P_('Modular dependency problem with Defaults:',\n 'Modular dependency problems with Defaults:',\n len(module_depsolv_errors)),\n msg_mod])\n else:\n msg += \"\\n\" + \"\\n\".join([P_('Modular dependency problem:',\n 'Modular dependency problems:',\n len(module_depsolv_errors)),\n msg_mod])\n super(MarkingErrors, self).__init__(msg)\n self.no_match_group_specs = no_match_group_specs\n self.error_group_specs = error_group_specs\n self.no_match_pkg_specs = no_match_pkg_specs\n self.error_pkg_specs = error_pkg_specs\n self.module_depsolv_errors = module_depsolv_errors\n\n @property\n def module_debsolv_errors(self):\n msg = \"Attribute module_debsolv_errors is deprecated. ", "Use module_depsolv_errors \" \\\n \"attribute instead.\"", "\n warnings.warn(msg, DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)\n return self.module_depsolv_errors\n\nclass MetadataError(Error):\n pass\n\n\nclass MiscError(Error):\n pass\n\n\nclass PackagesNotAvailableError(MarkingError):\n def __init__(self, value=None, pkg_spec=None, packages=None):\n super(PackagesNotAvailableError, self).__init__(value, pkg_spec)\n self.packages = packages or []\n\n\nclass PackageNotFoundError(MarkingError):\n pass\n\n\nclass PackagesNotInstalledError(MarkingError):\n def __init__(self, value=None, pkg_spec=None, packages=None):\n super(PackagesNotInstalledError, self).__init__(value, pkg_spec)\n self.packages = packages or []\n\n\nclass ProcessLockError(LockError):\n def __init__(self, value, pid):\n super(ProcessLockError, self).__init__(value)\n self.pid = pid\n\n def __reduce__(self):\n \"\"\"Pickling support.\"\"\"", "\n return (ProcessLockError, (self.value, self.pid))\n\n\nclass RepoError(Error):\n # :api\n pass\n\n\nclass ThreadLockError(LockError):\n pass\n\n\nclass TransactionCheckError(Error):\n pass\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

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[ "Q:\n\nTruncate varbinary(max) column to a specified length\n\nI know that I can use the\nUPDATE table SET column = .WRITE (expression, @offset, @length)\n\nidiom to partially update a column of type varbinary(max). ", "However, I couldn't find documentation on how to set the length of an existing BLOB (i.e., how to truncate it).", "\nWild guess: .WRITE (NULL, @offset, 0) -- but, even if this works, is this documented?", "\nEDIT: Note that I'm not interested in selecting a part of the data -- I need to set the length of the BLOB so that the next SELECT will return truncated data.", "\n\nA:\n\nAfter a bit of careful reading, I have found this passage in the docs:\n\nIf expression is set to NULL, @Length is ignored, and the value in column_name is truncated at the specified @Offset.", "\n\nThe wild guess seems to be correct.", "\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

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[ "Unlike a recent survey showing the two sides almost neck and neck, 58 per cent of Scottish people would vote no to independence, according to a YouGov poll for Channel 4 News.", "\n\nThe poll for Channel 4 News on the Scottish referendum shows that while 42 per cent intend to vote “yes” to independence, 58 per cent are still in the “no” camp – despite what has been criticised by many as a lacklustre campaign, unlikely interventions by David Bowie notwithstanding.", "\n\nThese figures strip out the “don’t know” votes and people who say they will not vote, which currently represent 12 per cent of those polled. ", "Taking these into account, 37 per cent say they will vote yes and 51 per cent say they will vote no to the question: “Should Scotland be an independent country?”", "\n\nThe new poll is a stronger result for those who want the United Kingdom to stay just that – united – compared to other recent results suggesting the two camps are much closer. ", "But “Better Together” campaign should not breathe easy just yet.", "\n\nOur poll with YouGov also shows that 49 per cent of voters say they feel mostly Scottish with just 14 per cent saying they feel predominantly British, which suggests that even if independence is defeated this time that will almost certainly not be the end of the issue.", "\n\nFor those voting “yes” to independence, 60 per cent say it is because they dislike what Britain has become – specifically the Thatcher years and the Blair years. ", "But 35 per cent say they actually like Britain – but they still want independence.", "\n\nAnd one of the commonest electoral issues – voter apathy – doesn’t look likely to be a problem for the referendum: 82 per cent of those polled said they were “absolutely certain to vote”.", "\n\nYouGov polled 1208 people of different ages, genders, ages and class for Channel 4 News. ", "Watch tonight at 7pm for more coverage on the Scottish independence debate, with Jon Snow presenting live from Glasgow." ]

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[ "Syrian President Bashar Assad and Russian President Vladimir Putin have ties to the documents leaked on Sunday. ", "AP A giant leak of documents from the internal database of a global law firm based in Panama, called Mossack Fonseca, has revealed the offshore holdings of 140 politicians, public officials, and athletes around the world.", "\n\nThe leaks — a collaborative effort by the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists — were obtained by the German newspaper Süddeutsche Zeitung and contain over 11 million records dating back 40 years.", "\n\nThey amount to about 3 terabytes of data, including corporate records, financial filings, and emails. ", "It is roughly 1,500 times as big as the 1.7 gigabytes of data dumped in 2010 by Wikileaks.", "\n\n\"I think the leak will prove to be probably the biggest blow the offshore world has ever taken because of the extent of the documents,\" Gerard Ryle, director of the ICIJ, told BBC.", "\n\nWhile anonymous company structures hidden in offshore holdings are not illegal, the leaks reveal the extent to which many high-level political figures have relied on shell companies to conceal their wealth, launder money, or evade taxes.", "\n\nA memorandum from a Mossack Fonseca partner contained in the leak reads, \"Ninety-five per cent of our work coincidentally consists in selling vehicles to avoid taxes,\" according to The Guardian.", "\n\nTo that end, offshore companies can be also be used for more nefarious purposes, such as to do business with blacklisted firms or individuals.", "\n\nAmong those implicated are Argentine President Mauricio Macri — who was listed as a director of a Bahamas company that dissolved in 2009 known as Fleg Trading Ltd, which did business in Brazil — and the king of Saudi Arabia, who evidently used shell companies in the British Virgin islands to take out $34 million worth of mortgages for properties in London, Fusion found in a review of the documents.", "\n\nSyrian President Bashar Assad and Russian President Vladimir Putin, while not directly tied to the leaks, are linked to people named in the documents.", "\n\nHere are some of the key findings from the documents being reported by ICIJ, Fusion, and The Guardian, who were among the 100 different media organizations that spent a year reviewing the documents before they were released, according to the ICIJ's website:\n\nProvide \"details on more than 214,000 offshore entities connected to people in more than 200 countries and territories .\"", "\n\nconnected to people in more than .\" \"", "Reveal the offshore holdings 140 politicians and public officials around the world\" — including the prime ministers of Iceland and Pakistan, the president of Ukraine, and the king of Saudi Arabia.", "\n\naround the world\" — including the prime ministers of Iceland and Pakistan, the president of Ukraine, and the king of Saudi Arabia. ", "Documents in the leak are linked to the families and associates of Egypt's former President Hosni Mubarak, Libya's former leader Muammar Gaddafi, Syrian President Bashar Assad, and the president of Ukraine, Petro Poroshenko.", "\n\nSyrian President and the president of Ukraine, Petro Poroshenko. ", "While Russian President Vladimir Putin was not named in the documents, several of his closest associates were. ", "The pattern, outlined by The Guardian, is that Putin's friends earn millions from deals that were unlikely to be secured without his help.", "\n\nThe data shows that Sergei Roldugin, Putin's best friend and a professional musician, is at the center of a ring of about $2 billion in transactions cycled between Bank Rossiya and a series of offshore companies. ", "As a result, Roldugin is in control of assets about or possibly more than $100 million, including 3.2 % of Bank Rossiya, which has been described as Putin's \"crony bank.\"", "\n\nPutin's best friend and a professional musician, is at the center of a ring of about cycled between Bank Rossiya and a series of offshore companies. ", "As a result, Roldugin is in control of assets about or possibly more than $100 million, including 3.2 % of Bank Rossiya, which has been described as Putin's \"crony bank.\" ", "Include the names of \"at least 33 people and companies blacklisted by the US government\" for their alleged links to Mexican drug lords and terror organizations.", "\n\nblacklisted by the US government\" for their alleged links to Mexican drug lords and terror organizations. ", "Show how \"more than 500 banks major banks, including HSBC, UBS and Société Générale,\" have driven the creation of hard-to-trace companies — roughly 15,000 of them — in offshore havens. ", "The Saudi crown prince opened an account for his offshore company with UBS, the documents show.", "\n\nopened an account for his offshore company with UBS, the documents show. ", "The data reveals how Icelandic Prime Minister Sigmundur Gunnlaugsson had an undeclared interest in Iceland's bailed-out banks. ", "Gunnlaugsson bought the offshore company Wintris in 2007. ", "He failed to declare his interest in the company when entering parliament in 2009.", "\n\nBusiness Insider hasn't reviewed all the documents and is unable to verify their authenticity.", "\n\nMossack Fonseca has defended its practices, telling The Guardian in a statement that \"it is legal and common for companies to establish commercial entities in different jurisdictions for a variety of legitimate reasons, including conducting cross-border mergers and acquisitions, bankruptcies, estate planning, personal safety, restructuring and pooling of investment capital from different jurisdictions in neutral legal and tax regimes that does not benefit or disadvantage any one investor.\"" ]

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[ "In this tech-news roundup, Bridget Carey explains the confusion and controversy behind the social media sensation #AlexFromTarget, and how it all could be a marketing stunt. ", "We also take a look at impressive new fitness wristbands from Jawbone.", "\n\nIn this tech-news roundup, Bridget Carey explains the confusion and controversy behind the social media sensation #AlexFromTarget, and how it all could be a marketing stunt. ", "We also take a look at impressive new fitness wristbands from Jawbone." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nPassing parameter to 's clickListener attribute\n\nI'm trying to use the IceFaces (+ Seam 3 Framework on Jboss AS7) \"ice:rowSelector\" tag in a way that when a dataTable's row is cliked, the data in that row will be show in a \"ice:panelGrid\" tag with \"ice:outputLabel\"s.", "\nI'm setting the clickListener as in some examples around, like this:\n<ice:rowSelector immediate=\"true\" clickListener=\"#{categoryController.selectionListener}\"/>\n\nthe method is:\npublic void selectionListener(ClickActionEvent clickActionEvent) {\n\n selectedCategory= categories.get(clickActionEvent.getRow());\n}\n\nbeing \"categories\"\nList<Category> categories\n\nBut when I test the app, I get a javax.el.", "MethodNotFoundException exception. ", "Then I add the \"()\"s to the method call (clickListener=\"#{categoryController.selectionListener()}\"), getting the same exception.", "\nFinally, I set clickListener=\"#{categoryController.selectionListener(clickActionEvent)}\" and the method is called BUT \"clickActionEvent\" makes it throw NullPointException. ", "The relevant part is:\n Caused by: javax.el.", "ELException: /showCategory.xhtml @20,114 clickListener=\"#{categoryController.selectionListener(clickActionEvent)}\": java.lang.", "NullPointerException\n at com.sun.faces.facelets.el.", "TagMethodExpression.invoke(TagMethodExpression.java:111) [jsf-impl-2.1.7-jbossorg-2.jar:]\n at com.icesoft.faces.component.facelets.", "MethodExpressionMethodBinding.invoke(IceComponentHandler.java:231) [icefaces-compat-3.0.1.jar:]\n at com.icesoft.faces.component.ext.", "RowSelector.broadcast(RowSelector.java:530) [icefaces-compat-3.0.1.jar:]\n at org.icefaces.impl.component.", "UISeriesBase.broadcast(UISeriesBase.java:481) [icefaces-3.0.1.jar:]\n at javax.faces.component.", "UIViewRoot.broadcastEvents(UIViewRoot.java:794) [jboss-jsf-api_2.1_spec-2.0.1.Final.jar:2.0.1.Final]\n at javax.faces.component.", "UIViewRoot.processDecodes(UIViewRoot.java:935) [jboss-jsf-api_2.1_spec-2.0.1.Final.jar:2.0.1.Final]\n at com.sun.faces.lifecycle.", "ApplyRequestValuesPhase.execute(ApplyRequestValuesPhase.java:78) [jsf-impl-2.1.7-jbossorg-2.jar:]\n ... 29 more\nCaused by: java.lang.", "NullPointerException\n\nMy question is: what should I pass as ClickActionEvent parameter to the \"selectionListener\" method?", "\n\nA:\n\nwhat should I pass as ClickActionEvent parameter to the\n \"selectionListener\" method?", "\n\nPass RowSelectorEvent.", "\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

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[ "Kujušići\n\nKujušići is a village in the municipality of Fojnica, Bosnia and Herzegovina.", "\n\nReferences\n\nCategory:Populated places in Fojnica" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

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[ "Shelter in flux\n\nCurrent humanitarian guidelines do not sufficiently cover what shelter means in volatile and protracted conflict settings, particularly outside organised camps. ", "We propose improved tools that will address that gap.", "\n\nHumanitarian guidelines and standards for how to work with shelter in displacement have been formulated but in practice are often understood in too general terms and do not always take into account fast-changing and diverse conflict contexts. ", "There is little or no discussion about the relationship between the characteristics of a conflict and how different types of shelter provision will influence the conflict. ", "Guidelines are also still mainly oriented towards more organised approaches to shelter rather than self-built and spontaneous settlements. ", "Additionally, many initiatives concentrate on provision of shelter rather than the building process and the activities that take place around shelter.", "\n\nSpecific characteristics of conflict settings and conflict-induced displacement may directly influence shelter-related projects and initiatives. ", "In our research project on ‘shelter in flux’, we are particularly concerned with the spatial and temporal dimensions of conflicts. ", "Even in cases where causes or patterns of displacement look similar, there will be variations between types of violence, categories and interests of stakeholders involved or embedded in conflict, and the risks, assets or vulnerabilities of populations. ", "The particularity of each case makes systematisation of experiences and learning more challenging and the search for common or global guidelines complicated.", "\n\nA crucial element of the relationship between conflict and shelter is the contestation of space related to land ownership and access to (land) resources – which are often root causes of the conflict. ", "Humanitarian interventions that require access to and use of land will thereby be embedded in the conflict, politicised and may put humanitarian principles at risk. ", "The planned and deliberate destruction of homes or the destruction of cities or land as an instrument of war gives shelter its political nature. ", "This can be witnessed in attitudes of parties to conflict towards specific shelter responses in cases such as Gaza, Syria or South Sudan. ", "Restrictions on access to land, the right to settle, freedom of movement or the use of building materials or building techniques may restrict opportunities for shelter and sometimes force interventions to be limited to distribution of temporary shelters and Non-Food Items.", "\n\nApproaching shelter in conflict\n\nIntensity and flows of displacement, trust built between humanitarian organisations and local actors, density of settlements, remaining infrastructure, and policy of host governments at local and national levels are aspects that influence shelter interventions. ", "In our work on ‘shelter in flux’ we emphasise the inclusion of dimensions of volatility, space and time in understanding the interactions between stakeholders. ", "Shelter in flux works with the shelter sector’s already established understanding of ‘sheltering’ – a process as much as the finished product. ", "Here, shelter is not just about finding safety but about risk mitigation and adaptation to the changing realities on the ground. ", "To enable the integration of sheltering into current guidelines and with the aim of enhancing opportunities for changing current practices, we need to document how shelter practices and meanings of shelter in conflict settings have evolved, adapting to actual shelter needs.", "\n\nConflict sensitivity and the analysis of spatial dimensions of conflict are key elements, but relatively new trends. ", "Conflict-sensitive shelter programming will enable increased recognition of the risks linked to the politics of shelter by more systematically taking into account relationships between land rights and conflict, restrictions on mobility in conflict zones or disputes over territories. ", "To develop existing shelter practices in conflict settings we thus suggest emphasising three dimensions: integrated responses, resilience and pragmatism.", "\n\nFirst, given the spatial and temporal nature of conflicts, shelter specialists and other humanitarian actors are forced to merge rights-based approaches with material needs-based approaches and, in the process, to re-think the boundaries and the possible coordination between shelter and protection. ", "In the Protection of Civilians sites in South Sudan the tension between protection needs and the humanitarian imperative generated just such challenges of prioritisation and coordination.[1] One pilot example of an integrated shelter programme, developed by the Norwegian Refugee Council in Jordan, combines an urban shelter programme and an information counselling and legal assistance programme.[2] Integrated shelter programmes are based on a holistic understanding of shelter and have been applied in post-disaster settings but offer, as in this case, an interesting use of the notion of ‘sheltering’ in conflict settings. ", "Currently a more systematic approach to the dynamics between gender-based violence and shelter is being adopted by numerous organisations and institutionalised in the Global Protection Cluster’s advice on gender-based violence in shelter, settlement and recovery.[3]\n\nSecond, while there is some debate over the notion of ‘resilience’ – the creative capacity of community or society exposed to conflict to resist, adapt, transform and recover from the impacts of conflict in a positive and efficient manner – we suggest further development of its meaning as an integral part of sheltering to ‘transformative resilience’, which enables the linking together of short- and long-term interventions as well as bridging needs-based and rights-based approaches. ", "Roles and interactions of and between protection, shelter provision and recovery need to apply the lens of resilience to build on local actors’ capacities and local practices, or to give displaced people the means to do so. ", "The shift towards cash transfers or investigation into self-recovery can be read through that lens.", "\n\nFinally, being pragmatic is an interesting starting point for approaches to shelter in flux. ", "Pragmatic humanitarianism is not a new approach and some consider it a move away from, or in opposition to, humanitarian principles. ", "It is consequently criticised as a tendency to think about what works in a shorter-term perspective rather than in the long term. ", "However, pragmatism may also make a more flexible and contextually based approach to humanitarianism feasible. ", "Pragmatism opens up the possibility of using conflict sensitivity in programming to identify what is possible within a given context, to permit the flexibility that is required in volatile settings. ", "Additionally, a pragmatic approach enables more emphasis to be put on what relevant actors are doing – that is, how civilians and humanitarian actors define and approach shelter in their day-to-day lives in the context of a conflict.", "\n\nConclusions\n\nProviding shelter in conflict requires an understanding of the temporal and spatial dimensions of a particular conflict setting. ", "With a ‘shelter in flux’ approach an analysis of the situation on the ground can be used to formulate more locally grounded approaches to shelter, complementing general global guidelines. ", "Provision of shelter takes place in conflict and sometimes with dimensions of integrated responses, elements of resilience and pragmatism. ", "With improved tools to analyse the specific local context in its relationship to shelter provision, humanitarians can develop better understandings of what is both realistic and possible in a given situation.", "\n\nDisclaimer\nOpinions in FMR do not necessarily reflect the views of the Editors, the Refugee Studies Centre or the University of Oxford.", "CopyrightFMR is an Open Access publication. ", "Users are free to read, download, copy, distribute, print or link to the full texts of articles published in FMR and on the FMR website, as long as the use is for non-commercial purposes and the author and FMR are attributed. ", "All articles published in FMR in print and online, and FMR itself, are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND) licence. ", "Details at www.fmreview.org/copyright." ]

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[ "at is next in 171, 1075, 2553, 4605, 7231, 10431?", "\n14205\nWhat is next in 24563, 48905, 73231, 97535, 121811, 146053, 170255?", "\n194411\nWhat is the next term in 891464, 891406, 891306, 891164, 890980, 890754, 890486?", "\n890176\nWhat is the next term in 4114309, 8228657, 12343007, 16457359, 20571713, 24686069, 28800427?", "\n32914787\nWhat is the next term in 66032, 68103, 70174, 72245, 74316, 76387?", "\n78458\nWhat comes next: -1215, -5515, -12635, -22581, -35359, -50975?", "\n-69435\nWhat comes next: 2360, 4595, 7056, 9725, 12584, 15615?", "\n18800\nWhat comes next: 40582187, 40582180, 40582171, 40582160?", "\n40582147\nWhat comes next: 113452, 113567, 113684, 113803, 113924?", "\n114047\nWhat is next in -110123, -220281, -330437, -440591?", "\n-550743\nWhat is next in -949507, -3798212, -8546053, -15193030, -23739143?", "\n-34184392\nWhat is the next term in -14094, -15102, -16110, -17118?", "\n-18126\nWhat comes next: -2777, -8094, -15959, -26384, -39381, -54962?", "\n-73139\nWhat comes next: 25004, 24848, 24672, 24488, 24308, 24144, 24008, 23912?", "\n23868\nWhat comes next: 609353, 2437905, 5485493, 9752117, 15237777, 21942473, 29866205?", "\n39008973\nWhat is the next term in -3497, -13967, -31339, -55547, -86525, -124207?", "\n-168527\nWhat is the next term in -762, 56, 874?", "\n1692\nWhat is next in -1001, -3327, -7183, -12551, -19413?", "\n-27751\nWhat comes next: -13767752, -27535503, -41303254, -55071005?", "\n-68838756\nWhat is the next term in -216943, -216008, -215077, -214150, -213227?", "\n-212308\nWhat is the next term in -6042, -9401, -15004, -22851, -32942?", "\n-45277\nWhat is the next term in -3098380, -6196632, -9294884, -12393136, -15491388, -18589640?", "\n-21687892\nWhat is the next term in 149431, 149404, 149331, 149212, 149047, 148836?", "\n148579\nWhat comes next: -189119243, -378238485, -567357727?", "\n-756476969\nWhat comes next: -12218, -48564, -109074, -193754, -302610, -435648?", "\n-592874\nWhat comes next: 8523, 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5069, 7672?", "\n10731\nWhat is next in -5854, -23381, -52628, -93625, -146402?", "\n-210989\nWhat is next in 64259, 514115, 1735143, 4112927, 8033051, 13881099, 22042655, 32903303?", "\n46848627\nWhat is the next term in 885198, 885251, 885338, 885459, 885614, 885803?", "\n886026\nWhat is the next term in -3732, 209, 4150, 8091, 12032?", "\n15973\nWhat is next in 23371, 46682, 69935, 93142, 116315?", "\n139466\nWhat is next in 576, 1302, 3062, 6372, 11748, 19706?", "\n30762\nWhat is next in 30704, 246482, 832162, 1972694, 3853028, 6658114, 10572902?", "\n15782342\nWhat is the next term in -1474604, -5898449, -13271528, -23593835, -36865364, -53086109?", "\n-72256064\nWhat is next in -1427, -1380, -1275, -1112?", "\n-891\nWhat is the next term in -30235, -28612, -25913, -22138, -17287, -11360?", "\n-4357\nWhat is next in 741489969, 1482979938, 2224469907?", "\n2965959876\nWhat comes next: 44384, 46795, 49206, 51617?", "\n54028\nWhat is the next term in -1385, -2989, -4685, -6467, 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509188, 509042, 508788, 508396, 507836, 507078?", "\n506092\nWhat is the next term in 2373, 1094, -2503, -9576, -21283, -38782, -63231?", "\n-95788\nWhat comes next: -13394279, -26788610, -40182941, -53577272, -66971603?", "\n-80365934\nWhat is the next term in 424, 2143, 5152, 9451?", "\n15040\nWhat comes next: -1959, 1579, 5127, 8691, 12277?", "\n15891\nWhat comes next: -173759, -347526, -521315, -695138, -869007, -1042934?", "\n-1216931\nWhat is next in -2424943, -2424968, -2425009, -2425066?", "\n-2425139\nWhat is the next term in -171813, -343630, -515451, -687282, -859129?", "\n-1030998\nWhat is next in -19684, -21070, -22456, -23842, -25228, -26614?", "\n-28000\nWhat comes next: 7675, 15338, 22993, 30640?", "\n38279\nWhat is the next term in 4961768, 9923537, 14885306, 19847075, 24808844?", "\n29770613\nWhat is next in 584, 2548, 5812, 10376, 16240?", "\n23404\nWhat is" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "DM Mathematics" }

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[ "Q:\n\nCalculate distance in km to nearest points (given in lat/long) using ArcGIS DEsktop and/or R?", "\n\nI have two point datasets in ArcGIS, both of which are given in WGS84 lat/lon co-ordinates and the points are spread across the whole world. ", "I would like to find the nearest point in Dataset A to each point in Dataset B, and get the distance between them in kilometres.", "\nThis seems like a perfect use of the Near tool, but that gives me results in the co-ordinate system of the input points: that is, decimal degrees. ", "I know I could re-project the data, but I gather (from this question) that it is difficult (if not impossible) to find a projection that will give accurate distances all over the world.", "\nThe answers to that question suggest using the Haversine formula to calculate distances using the latitude-longitude co-ordinates directly. ", "Is there a way to do this and get a result in km using ArcGIS? ", "If not, what is the best way to approach this?", "\n\nA:\n\nAlthough this isn't an ArcGIS solution, your problem can be solved in R by exporting your points from Arc and using the spDists function from the sp package. ", " The function finds the distances between a reference point(s) and a matrix of points, in kilometers if you set longlat=T.\nHere's a quick and dirty example:\nlibrary(sp)\n## Sim up two sets of 100 points, we'll call them set a and set b:\na <- SpatialPoints(coords = data.frame(x = rnorm(100, -87.5), y = rnorm(100, 30)), proj4string=CRS(\"+proj=longlat +datum=WGS84\"))\nb <- SpatialPoints(coords = data.frame(x = rnorm(100, -88.5), y = rnorm(100, 30.5)), proj4string=CRS(\"+proj=longlat +datum=WGS84\"))\n\n## Find the distance from each point in a to each point in b, store\n## the results in a matrix.", "\nresults <- spDists(a, b, longlat=T)\n\nA:\n\nIt's not an ArcGIS solution, but using a Round Earth data model in a spatial database would do the trick. ", "Calculating earth distance in database supporting this would be pretty easy. ", "I can suggest you two readings:\nhttp://postgis.net/workshops/postgis-intro/geography.html\nhttp://blog.safe.com/2012/08/round-earth-data-in-oracle-postgis-and-sql-server/\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

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[ "Little Leaper\n\nLittle Leaper is a steel roller coaster at Lakemont Park in Altoona, Pennsylvania. ", "It is a standard Allan Herschel Little Dipper kiddie coaster. ", "The park currently does not allow teens or adults on it.", "\n\nIncident \n On September 2, 1991, Chris Wickfield, a seventeen-year-old ride attendant, got dragged away by the coaster and lost his right leg after it got mangled between the train and its track/chain. ", "The incident was featured on the television series Rescue 911 in 1992.", "\n\nNotes\n\nCategory:Roller coasters manufactured by Bradley and Kaye\nCategory:Roller coasters in Pennsylvania\nCategory:Roller coasters with unknown open date" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

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[ "Integrating evidence based medicine into undergraduate medical education: combining online instruction with clinical clerkships.", "\nIncorporation of evidence based medicine into the undergraduate curriculum varies from school to school. ", "The purpose of this study was to determine if an online course in evidence based medicine run concurrently with the clinical clerkships in the 3rd year of undergraduate medical education provided effective instruction in evidence based medicine (EBM). ", "During the first 18 weeks of the 3rd year, students completed 6 online, didactic modules. ", "Over the next 24 weeks, students developed questions independently from patients seen during clerkships and then retrieved and appraised relevant evidence. ", "Online, faculty mentors reviewed student assignments submitted throughout the course to monitor progress. ", "Mastery of the skills of EBM was assessed prior to and at the conclusion of the course using the Fresno test of competency. ", "Paired data were available from 139 students. ", "Postcourse test scores (M= 77.7; 95% CI = 59-96.4) were significantly higher than precourse scores (M= 66.6; 95% CI = 46.5-86.7), p< .001. ", "Paired evaluations demonstrated an average improvement of 11.1 +/- 20.0 points. ", "All of the students submitted 4 independently derived questions and successfully retrieved and appraised evidence. ", "Medical students successfully acquired and independently applied EBM skills following extended, online, faculty mentored instruction. ", "This method of instruction provided uniform instruction across geographic sites and medical specialties and permitted efficient use of faculty time." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "In various processes, the separation of liquids, particularly condensates, that form drops in a flowing fluid is of decisive importance. ", "Sometimes, the condensate is of particular interest for further processing treatment, but usually the aim of separation is to free the flowing fluid of liquid constituents that could adversely affect the subsequent process steps. ", "For example, compression of a fluid laden with condensate in the form of liquid drops often entails unacceptably great wear or even unavoidable damage to the compressor. ", "A frequent application for liquid separators is that of following cooling of a flowing fluid, for example in the case of intermediate cooling between two compression stages of a compression process. ", "For separating condensate, drop separators of the vane type, the functioning direction of which is vertical to the direction of flow, are often used in the prior art. ", "The most frequent form of application here is that of a flow through these separators perpendicular to the acceleration due to gravity and an outflow of the separating medium or the liquid through separating elements driven by the acceleration due to gravity.", "\nSuch arrangements take up considerable space and, in particular, prevent a compact integral type of construction, for example with a compressor or other processing devices with which the separators are in connection. ", "The separate installation of the separators additionally has the consequence that the topology of the installation is adapted to the local conditions and the individual processing devices, in particular the separator, are connected to the following processing devices by means of simple pipework that has not been optimized in terms of flow, since this would be too complex for the respective individual case. ", "A combined configuration of a separator with the adjacent processing devices would be very conducive to modularity. ", "However, the previously inflexible use of separators as a result of the often box-shaped formation of these units prevents an integrated form of construction. ", "The lack of flexibility is attributable in particular to the type of installation of conventional separators that is described above." ]

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[ " F I L E D\n United States Court of Appeals\n Tenth Circuit\n UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS\n MAR 24 2000\n TENTH CIRCUIT\n PATRICK FISHER\n Clerk\n\n GENEVA COKER,\n\n Plaintiff-Appellant,\n\n\n v. No. ", "99-5099\n BALL JANITOR SERVICE, INC., ", "an (D.C. No. ", "98-CV-200-K)\n Oklahoma Corporation d/b/a Ball (N.D.Okla.)", "\n Environmental Maintenance Service,\n Inc.; SHANNON BALL, individually\n and as agent for Ball Janitor Service,\n Inc.,\n\n Defendants-Appellees.", "\n\n\n\n\n ORDER AND JUDGMENT *\n\n\n\n\nBefore BRISCOE, ANDERSON, and LUCERO , Circuit Judges .", "\n\n\n Plaintiff Geneva Coker appeals from the district court’s grant of summary\n\njudgment in favor of defendants Ball Janitor Service, Inc. (BJSI) and Shannon\n\nBall (Ball) on Coker’s Title VII-based claims for sexual harassment. ", "Plaintiff\n\nalso appeals from the district court’s denial of her motion to alter or amend\n\n\n *\n This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the\ndoctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. ", "The court\ngenerally disfavors the citation of orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order\nand judgment may be cited under the terms and conditions of 10th Cir. ", "R. 36.3.", "\n\fjudgment. ", "We exercise jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1291 and affirm.", "\n\n I.\n\n BJSI is an Oklahoma corporation doing business within the State of\n\nOklahoma. ", "Plaintiff Coker began working as a janitor for BJSI on February 11,\n\n1981. ", "From that point until her departure on March 20, 1997, Coker worked the\n\nthird shift (11 p.m. to 7 a.m.) for BJSI, performing cleaning services at the Tulsa\n\nInternational Airport.", "\n\n In January 1990, defendant Ball, the son of co-owner Melvin Ball and the\n\nnephew of co-owner Brad Ball, became the third-shift supervisor. ", "At the time,\n\nBall was approximately twenty-one years old and plaintiff was approximately fifty\n\nyears old. ", "Shortly after Ball became the third-shift supervisor, plaintiff asked him\n\nif he could give her a ride home from work. ", "Ball agreed. ", "It is uncontroverted\n\nthat plaintiff and Ball engaged in a sexual encounter during that car ride. ", "The\n\nparties differ, however, on the chain of events that precipitated the encounter.", "\n\nPlaintiff alleges that during the ride she offered to do Ball a favor in return for\n\ngiving her a ride. ", "In response, plaintiff alleges, Ball told her he wanted to “trade\n\nout,” and proceeded to unzip his pants and pull out his penis. ", "Plaintiff further\n\nalleges that he asked her to “to play with” his penis, and she complied. ", "Id. at 96-\n\n97. ", "Although plaintiff alleges Ball told her never to tell anyone about the\n\nincident, she admits she never indicated to him that his conduct was unwelcome\n\n\n 2\n\for inappropriate.", "\n\n Ball’s memory of the incident varies in several respects. ", "He alleges that\n\nduring the ride, plaintiff initiated a long conversation with him concerning sexual\n\nmatters. ", "He further alleges that, at some point during the conversation, plaintiff\n\nindicated she would masturbate him. ", "Accordingly, he alleges, he unzipped his\n\npants, removed his penis, and plaintiff masturbated him. ", "Afterwards, he took\n\nplaintiff home.", "\n\n It is uncontroverted that from the time of this initial encounter in January\n\n1990 until plaintiff’s departure from employment with BJSI in March 1997,\n\nplaintiff and Ball engaged in numerous sexual encounters in the workplace and on\n\nthe way home after work. ", "In Ball’s estimation, he and plaintiff had more than\n\nforty sexual encounters between 1990 and 1997. ", "Plaintiff, on the other hand,\n\ncontends that Ball initiated sexual encounters with her at least once a week, and\n\nsometimes twice a week, during the entire period between 1990 and 1997.", "\n\n According to plaintiff, she engaged in the sexual encounters with Ball\n\nbecause he was her boss and she “was afraid [she] would lose [her] job.” ", "Id. at\n\n106. ", "It is uncontroverted, however, that he never told her she would lose her job\n\nor suffer any other adverse job consequences if she rejected his sexual advances.", "\n\nIt is further uncontroverted that at no time did plaintiff tell Ball that she did not\n\nwant to engage in sexual encounters with him, nor did she do anything to let him\n\n\n 3\n\fknow that his sexual advances were unwelcome. ", "In fact, plaintiff admitted that\n\nshe regularly asked Ball for a ride home from work when her car did not work,\n\neven though she knew he might initiate a sexual encounter with her. ", "Plaintiff\n\nnever complained to anyone at BJSI about the situation (she alleges she believed\n\nher complaints would be ignored by BJSI’s human resource manager, as well as\n\nby the co-owners of BJSI, who were Ball’s relatives). ", "Plaintiff never requested a\n\ntransfer to another shift, nor did she look for other jobs during the period between\n\n1990 and 1997. ", "Finally, plaintiff gave conflicting statements regarding if and\n\nwhen she experienced any emotional distress as a result of the alleged harassment.", "\n\n The parties agree that plaintiff’s last day of employment with BJSI was\n\nMarch 20, 1997, but they disagree on the details of her departure. ", "According to\n\ndefendants, plaintiff had been spreading rumors in the workplace about Ball\n\nhaving a sexual relationship with another BJSI employee. ", "In response, Ball\n\nallegedly told plaintiff that, unless she ceased doing so, she would need to move\n\nto another shift or find another job. ", "Plaintiff allegedly became upset in response\n\nto Ball’s statements. ", "Ball then took plaintiff’s security badge (which was\n\nnecessary for entry into the airport) and asked her to leave and speak with him\n\nwhen she calmed down. ", "Plaintiff allegedly refused to leave until her shift had\n\nended. ", "Upon completion of her shift, plaintiff met with Ball and BJSI co-owner\n\nMelvin Ball. ", "During the meeting, Melvin Ball allegedly offered to move plaintiff\n\n\n 4\n\fto another shift. ", "After leaving the meeting, plaintiff encountered co-owner Brad\n\nBall, who allegedly admonished her for spreading rumors and told her she should\n\nmove to another shift or a different work area so that she and Ball would not have\n\nto work together anymore. ", "According to defendants, plaintiff never returned to\n\nwork for BJSI after March 20, 1997. ", "Defendants further point out that in her\n\nEEOC charge, plaintiff alleged that she quit her job with BJSI. ", "App. ", "at 133 (“I\n\nresigned on March 20, 1997.”).", "\n\n In contrast to defendants’ version, plaintiff alleges that on the morning of\n\nMarch 20, 1997, Ball approached her at work and told her she needed to\n\naccompany him to the office (it is unclear from her deposition to what specific\n\noffice she was referring). ", "Plaintiff allegedly refused to accompany him, and, in\n\nresponse, he allegedly grabbed her arms and attempted to pull her to the office.", "\n\nUltimately, plaintiff alleges, he took her security badge from her and informed her\n\nshe was fired. ", "Plaintiff acknowledges, however, that she continued to work until\n\nthe end of her shift. ", "Plaintiff further acknowledges that she had a conversation\n\nwith Ball and Melvin Ball after the end of her shift.", "\n\n After filing a charge of discrimination with the EEOC, plaintiff filed this\n\naction alleging claims of quid pro quo harassment and hostile work environment\n\nharassment under Title VII, as well as state law claims for intentional interference\n\nwith a business relationship, intentional infliction of emotional distress, assault\n\n\n 5\n\fand battery, and negligent supervision and retention. ", "Pursuant to defendants’\n\nmotion, the district court granted summary judgment in favor of defendants with\n\nrespect to plaintiff’s Title VII claims, and dismissed the remaining state law\n\nclaims without prejudice. ", "Plaintiff’s motion to alter or amend judgment was\n\ndenied by the district court.", "\n\n II.", "\n\n On appeal, plaintiff contends the district court erred in granting defendants’\n\nmotion for summary judgment, and in denying her subsequent motion to alter or\n\namend judgment. ", "We review de novo the district court’s grant of summary\n\njudgment, applying the same standard as the district court under Fed. ", "R. Civ. ", "P.\n\n56(c). ", "See Simms v. Oklahoma ex rel. ", "Dep’t of Mental Health & Substance\n\nAbuse Servs., ", "165 F.3d 1321, 1326 (10th Cir.), ", "cert. ", "denied, 120 S. Ct. ", "53 (1999).", "\n\nSummary judgment is appropriate where no genuine issues of material fact exist\n\nand the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. ", "Fed. ", "R. Civ. ", "P.\n\n56(c). ", "When reviewing a grant of summary judgment, we view the evidence and\n\ndraw reasonable inferences therefrom in the light most favorable to the\n\nnonmoving party. ", "Simms, 165 F.3d at 1326. ", "As for the district court’s denial of\n\nplaintiff’s motion to alter or amend judgment, we apply an abuse of discretion\n\nstandard. ", "See Phelps v. Hamilton, 122 F.3d 1309, 1324 (10th Cir. ", "1997).", "\n\n III.", "\n\n\n 6\n\f Plaintiff’s complaint, which was filed prior to the Supreme Court’s decision\n\nin Burlington Industries, Inc. v. Ellerth, 118 S. Ct. ", "2257 (1998), asserted distinct\n\nclaims of quid pro quo and hostile work environment sexual harassment.", "\n\nPresumably, plaintiff did so because, at the time her complaint was filed, “[t]he\n\nstandard of employer responsibility turned on which type of harassment\n\noccurred.” ", "Id. at 2264. ", "If a plaintiff was able to establish a claim of quid pro quo\n\nharassment, the federal courts generally held “the employer was subject to\n\nvicarious liability.” ", "Id. Not surprisingly, this “rule encouraged Title VII\n\nplaintiffs to state their claims as quid pro quo claims, which in turn put expansive\n\npressure on the definition” of what constituted quid pro quo harassment. ", "Id. at\n\n2265.", "\n\n In Ellerth, the Court downplayed the distinctions between these two court-\n\ncreated categories of harassment. ", "In particular, the Court rejected the notion that\n\n“the categories quid pro quo and hostile work environment” are “controlling on\n\nthe issue of [an employer’s] vicarious liability.” ", "Id. Instead, the Court indicated,\n\nthese categories are helpful only for purposes of determining whether a plaintiff\n\ncan prove she was subjected to discrimination:\n\n To the extent they illustrate the distinction between cases involving a\n threat which is carried out and offensive conduct in general, the\n terms [quid pro quo and hostile work environment] are relevant when\n there is a threshold question whether a plaintiff can prove\n discrimination in violation of Title VII. ", "When a plaintiff proves that\n a tangible employment action resulted from a refusal to submit to a\n\n 7\n\f supervisor’s sexual demands, he or she establishes that the\n employment decision itself constitutes a change in the terms and\n conditions of employment that is actionable under Title VII. ", "For any\n sexual harassment preceding the employment decision to be\n actionable, however, the conduct must be severe or pervasive.", "\n\nId.\n\n Acknowledging the Court’s decision in Ellerth, we review plaintiff’s quid\n\npro quo and hostile work environment claims separately for purposes of\n\ndetermining whether plaintiff presented sufficient evidence to survive summary\n\njudgment on her Title VII claims.", "\n\n\n\nPlaintiff’s quid pro quo claim\n\n As previously noted, a plaintiff can demonstrate she was subjected to\n\nactionable discrimination under Title VII by demonstrating “that a tangible\n\nemployment action resulted from [her] refusal to submit to a supervisor’s sexual\n\ndemands.” ", "Ellerth, 118 S. Ct. ", "at 2265. “", "A defendant-employer may refute such a\n\nclaim of quid pro quo harassment in either of two ways: with proof that no\n\nnegative employment action was taken, i.e., that the employee resigned, for\n\nexample; or by establishing that the decision to terminate was made for legitimate\n\nbusiness reasons and not because the employee refused to submit to sexual\n\ndemands.” ", "Smith v. Cashland, Inc., 193 F.3d 1158, 1160 (10th Cir. ", "1999).", "\n\n Relying exclusively on pre-Ellerth definitions of quid pro quo harassment,\n\n\n 8\n\fplaintiff suggests it is unnecessary for her to demonstrate either that she refused\n\nto submit to her supervisor’s alleged sexual demands, or that a tangible\n\nemployment action resulted from any such refusal. ", "Instead, plaintiff suggests, she\n\nneed demonstrate only that the terms of her employment were conditioned upon\n\nher submitting to her supervisor’s sexual demands. ", "Although plaintiff is correct\n\nto the extent that submission to unwelcome sexual demands does not preclude a\n\nplaintiff from prevailing under Title VII, it is clear, under Ellerth, that quid pro\n\nquo harassment will be found to have occurred only when a tangible employment\n\naction is taken in response to a victim’s refusal to submit to her supervisor’s\n\nsexual advances. ", "118 S. Ct. ", "at 2265. ", "Otherwise, a plaintiff must demonstrate she\n\nwas subjected to a hostile working environment which constructively altered the\n\nterms or conditions of her employment. ", "See id.; see also Curry v. District of\n\nColumbia, 195 F.3d 654, 659 (D.C. Cir. ", "1999) (noting that quid pro quo\n\nharassment constitutes an explicit alteration of the terms or conditions of\n\nemployment, whereas a hostile working environment constitutes a constructive\n\nalteration of the term or conditions of employment); Rubidoux v. Colorado\n\nMental Health Inst., ", "173 F.3d 1291, 1295 (10th Cir. ", "1999) (noting the terms quid\n\npro quo and hostile environment “serve only to distinguish between explicit or\n\nconstructive alterations to the terms or conditions of employment”).", "\n\n In passing, plaintiff alleges a tangible employment action occurred in that\n\n\n 9\n\fshe was terminated from her employment with BJSI. ", "There are two significant\n\nproblems with this allegation. ", "First, the great weight of the evidence in the record\n\non appeal suggests plaintiff was not terminated, but instead voluntarily resigned\n\nfrom her employment with BJSI. ", "In particular, plaintiff’s account of the alleged\n\ntermination is nearly incomprehensible, and she admitted in her EEOC charge that\n\nshe resigned. ", "Thus, we are not persuaded a rational jury could conclude, based\n\nupon the evidence contained in the record, that she was terminated. ", "Second, even\n\nassuming plaintiff has presented sufficient evidence to demonstrate that her\n\nemployment was terminated, she has failed to present any evidence demonstrating\n\nthat the termination was the result of her failure to submit to Ball’s sexual\n\nadvances. ", "Indeed, the evidence demonstrates that plaintiff submitted to most or\n\nall of Ball’s sexual advances, and there is no evidence that the alleged termination\n\nwas precipitated by a spurned sexual advance. ", "1\n\n For these reasons, we conclude the district court properly granted summary\n\njudgment in favor of defendants with respect to plaintiff’s quid pro quo theory of\n\nsexual harassment.", "\n\n\n\n 1\n Although plaintiff could perhaps argue that one could infer Ball was\nintending to make a sexual advance when he asked her to accompany him to his\noffice on March 20, 1997, there is no indication in the record that plaintiff\npersonally believed this to be the case. ", "Nor is there any evidence that plaintiff\nrefused to accompany him to the office because she did not want to engage in any\nsexual conduct with him.", "\n\n 10\n\fPlaintiff’s hostile work environment claim\n\n Plaintiff can establish actionable sexual harassment under Title VII if she\n\ndemonstrates she was subjected to a hostile work environment so severe or\n\npervasive that it constructively altered the terms or conditions of her employment.", "\n\nSee Ellerth, 118 S. Ct. ", "at 2265; Harris v. Forklift Systems, Inc., 510 U.S. 17, 20\n\n(1993); Curry, 195 F.3d at 659. ", "In order to survive summary judgment, plaintiff\n\nmust produce sufficient evidence to allow a rational jury to find that (1) the\n\nalleged harassing conduct was severe or pervasive enough to create an objectively\n\nhostile or abusive work environment, and (2) plaintiff subjectively perceived the\n\nenvironment to be abusive. ", "See Harris, 510 U.S. at 21; Smith v. Northwest Fin.", "\n\nAcceptance, Inc., 129 F.3d 1408, 1412 (10th Cir. ", "1997).", "\n\n Analyzing these requirements in reverse order, we focus first on the\n\nevidence pertaining to plaintiff’s subjective perception of her working\n\nenvironment. ", "Plaintiff alleges that Ball made sexual advances toward her on a\n\nweekly or twice-weekly basis from January 1990 through March 1997. ", "Plaintiff\n\nadmits that she acquiesced most, if not all, of the time, and did not do or say\n\nanything to Ball to let him know his advances were unwelcome. ", "Further, plaintiff\n\nadmitted that, during the seven-year course of this alleged conduct, she routinely\n\nasked Ball to give her rides home from work, knowing that he might make a\n\nsexual advance toward her. ", "Lastly, plaintiff admitted that she told no one about\n\n\n 11\n\fthe alleged harassment, did not ask to be moved to a different shift, and made no\n\nattempt to look for another job. ", "Taken together, this evidence strongly suggests\n\nplaintiff did not subjectively perceive her working environment to be abusive.", "\n\n The only evidence indicating that plaintiff subjectively perceived Ball’s\n\nconduct to be harassing and abusive comes from her deposition and subsequently\n\nprepared affidavit. ", "During her deposition, plaintiff was asked by defense counsel\n\n“what [her] feelings [we]re about Shannon Ball and the relationship [she] had\n\nwith him.” ", "App. ", "at 103. ", "In response, plaintiff said, “Well, I don’t have feelings\n\nabout that.” ", "Id. Defense counsel followed up by asking, “Are you claiming that\n\nyou have suffered emotional distress as a result of your relationship with Shannon\n\nBall?” ", "Id. Plaintiff responded “No.” ", "Id. Later in the deposition, the following\n\ncolloquy occurred between defense counsel and plaintiff:\n\n Q. How would you describe your state of mind right now? ", "I mean,\n how are you getting along?", "\n\n A. I guess emotionally distressed right now.", "\n\n Q. Well, ma’am, I thought you told me earlier in the deposition that\n you were not claiming emotional distress?", "\n\n A. I didn’t quite get your –\n\n Q. You have a better understanding of what emotional distress\n means now?", "\n\n A. Yes.", "\n\n Q. What does emotional distress mean to you?", "\n\n 12\n\f A. I just get upset every time I have to talk about this.", "\n\n Q. Well, when did you first start getting upset about it?", "\n\n A. The morning that Shannon [Ball] told me I was fired.", "\n\nId. at 116-17. ", "Later in the deposition, plaintiff indicated that she was, in fact,\n\nclaiming emotional distress as a result of Ball’s alleged conduct. ", "Id. at 200. ", "In\n\nparticular, plaintiff indicated that she had experienced “[e]mbarrassment,” “hurt,”\n\nand “pain.” ", "Id. When asked by defense counsel when she first began to\n\nexperience these emotions, plaintiff again responded: “The morning that Shannon\n\n[Ball] fired me.” ", "Id. Finally, upon subsequent questioning by defense counsel,\n\nplaintiff stated that she began experiencing anger and worry about losing her job\n\nin January of 1990. ", "Id. at 203. ", "After her deposition was transcribed, plaintiff\n\nsubmitted written corrections indicating she meant to say that she began\n\nexperiencing emotional distress “The day Shannon began sexually harassing me,”\n\nrather than “The morning that Shannon fired me.” ", "Id. at 201. ", "Four months after\n\nher deposition was taken, plaintiff signed an affidavit stating: “The sexual\n\ndemands placed on me by Shannon Ball were both unwelcome and offensive.” ", "Id.\n\nat 254.", "\n\n Viewing this latter evidence in the light most favorable to the plaintiff, we\n\nare unable to conclude that a rational jury could reasonably find in favor of\n\nplaintiff on the subjective perception issue. ", "To the contrary, we conclude a\n\n\n 13\n\frational jury could find only that plaintiff engaged in a consensual sexual\n\nrelationship with Ball.", "\n\n Even assuming, arguendo, that plaintiff’s deposition testimony and\n\naffidavit are sufficient to create a genuine issue of material fact concerning\n\nwhether she subjectively perceived the working environment to be abusive, she\n\nhas failed to present sufficient evidence to demonstrate that her working\n\nenvironment was objectively hostile. ", "Although a supervisor making 350-700\n\nsexual advances over a seven-year period would clearly be considered objectively\n\nhostile if the subordinate at some point took some type of action to indicate the\n\nadvances were unwelcome (e.g., refusing to engage in the proposed sexual\n\nconduct), it is uncontroverted in this case that plaintiff literally did and said\n\nnothing to indicate to Ball that his advances were unwelcome. ", "To the contrary,\n\nplaintiff admits that she engaged in sexual relations with Ball upon each request.", "\n\nBecause Ball’s sexual advances met with approval on each occasion, we are not\n\npersuaded that a jury could conclude plaintiff’s working environment was\n\nobjectively hostile.", "\n\n For these reasons, we conclude the district court properly granted summary\n\njudgment in favor of defendants with respect to plaintiff’s hostile work\n\nenvironment claim.", "\n\n\n\n\n 14\n\fDenial of motion to alter or amend judgment\n\n Because plaintiff failed to produce sufficient evidence to survive summary\n\njudgment on her Title VII claims, we find no basis for concluding the district\n\ncourt abused its discretion in denying plaintiff’s motion to alter or amend\n\njudgment. ", "Indeed, plaintiff’s motion to alter or amend judgment was little more\n\nthan a rehash of her response to the defendants’ summary judgment motion.", "\n\n IV.", "\n\n The judgment of the district court is AFFIRMED.", "\n\n Entered for the Court\n\n Mary Beck Briscoe\n Circuit Judge\n\n\n\n\n 15\n\f" ]

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[ "Share\n\nDouzo\n\nDouzo is a modern restaurant & lounge serving innovative Japanese cuisine and sushi using the freshest, highest quality ingredients. ", "Japanese for \"kindly go ahead,\" Douzo invites guests to indulge in modern luxury, artistic food presentation and stylish décor." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

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[ "Dirt, soil, grass, grass stains, and scuffmarks inevitably accumulate on golf balls, golf clubs, and other equipment during the game of golf. ", "The accumulation of this debris to golf equipment such as the ball or club head can affect the performance of this equipment and thus the score during play. ", "One example of this problem is when debris on a golf ball or the golf club head interferes with the golf stroke. ", "Typically, this problem requires the use of a ball washer, golf towels, or brushes or the combination of all three to clean the soiled area.", "\nThe use of such prior cleaning devices can create a number of problems. ", "For instance, a ball washer may not be readily available to the golfer on the fairway. ", "Also, there is a problem with removal of moisture on the golf ball. ", "A ball washer leaves the golf ball wet and thus apt to be miss hit. ", "Typically, this problem requires a golfer to also carry a towel. ", "A ball washer also lacks a scrubbing technique often needed for tough marks, embedded or sticking debris. ", "A golf towel may not always sufficiently clean embedded or hard-sticking debris, and therefore requires additional cleaning equipment to adequately clean the ball, club head or other equipment. ", "Brushes by themselves are not capable of drying and absorbing liquid from a golf ball and also take up excess room in a golf bag.", "\nNone of the prior golf cleaning devices satisfactorily provide the ease of a readily available golf implement with abrasive cleaning and drying capabilities. ", "It is therefore desirable to provide such a device that will allow golf equipment to be easily cleaned of all debris in a convenient manner." ]

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[ "The cyber security bill CISPA would give federal agencies and private companies legal cover for already existing practices.", "\n\nThe online activist group Electronic Privacy Information Center has obtained documents through the Freedom of Information Act which detail a \"collaboration between the Defense Department, the Department of Homeland Security, and private companies to allow government monitoring of private Internet networks.\"", "\n\nBasically, the Obama administration publicly threatens to veto CISPA — citing privacy concerns — while privately granting immunity to companies like AT&T as they collaborate with government agencies to evade wiretapping laws.", "\n\nThe administration has issued an unknown amount of \"2511\" Wiretap Act immunity letters to internet providers, essentially making existing law null and void.", "\n\nNatashe Lennard of Salon writes, \"As such, in light of EPIC’s findings, CISPA, like the NDAA, can be seen to retroactively inscribe into law activity the government has already been carrying out in secret.\"", "\n\nCNET's Declan McCullagh likens the revelation to John Yoo's torture memos more than ten years ago:\n\nPaul Rosenzweig, a former Homeland Security official and founder of Red Branch Consulting, compared the NSA and DOD asking the Justice Department for 2511 letters to that of the CIA asking the Justice Department for the so-called torture memos a decade ago. (", "They were written by Justice Department official John Yoo, who reached the controversial conclusion that waterboarding was not torture.)" ]

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[ "Negermusik\n\nNegermusik (\"Negro Music\") was a pejorative term used by the Nazis during the Third Reich to signify musical styles and performances by African-Americans that were of the jazz and swing music genres. ", "They viewed these musical styles as inferior works belonging to an \"inferior race\" and therefore prohibited. ", "The term, at that same time, was also applied to indigenous music styles of black Africans.", "\n\nNazi Germany \nAt the time of the Weimar Republic during 1927, Ernst Krenek's opera of Jonny spielt auf (Jonny Plays) contained jazz musical performances that caused protests among some right-wing ethnic-nationalist groups in Germany at the time. ", "In 1930, the American musician Henry Cowell wrote in the Melos journal that jazz interpreted a mixture of African-American and Jewish elements, stating that:\nThe fundamentals of jazz are the syncopation and rhythmic accents of the Negro. ", "Their modernization is the work of New York Jews ... So jazz is Negro music seen through the eyes of the Jews.", "\n\nSuch views were readily picked up by the Nazis. ", "Their criticisms have included \"gratuitous use of syncopation\" and \"orgies of drums\". ", "More statements from the Nazis included such things as \"artistic licentiousness\" and \"corruption seed in the musical expression\" with \"indecent dance forms\". ", "They went on to scrutinize all modern music of the 1930s as a \"political weapon of the Jews\". ", "On 4 May 1930, Wilhelm Frick, the Reich's newly appointed Minister of the Interior and Education for Thuringia made a decree called \"Against the Negro Culture — For Our German Heritage\".", "\n\nIn 1932 the national government under Franz von Papen pandered to the Nazis by banning all public performances by black musicians. ", "After Adolf Hitler gained power in 1933, the Reich's Music Chamber was also created in that same year. ", "This was then followed by a full legal ban on this music on October 12, 1935 across all German national radio. ", "This ban was spearheaded by the German Reich's radio conductor, Eugen Hadamovsky, who purportedly stated:\nMit dem heutigen Tag spreche ich ein endgültiges Verbot des Negerjazz für den gesamten Deutschen Rundfunk aus. (", "As of today, I decree a definitive ban on the negro jazz for the entire German Radio.).", "\n\nIn 1938, the Nazis organized the 'Entartete Musik' public exhibition in Germany, mainly held in Düsseldorf. ", "This exhibition included a poster displaying a cartoon caricature of an African-American male playing on a saxophone with the Star of David on his tuxedo lapel. ", "The overall theme of the exhibition was defamation of contemporary American music as \"Negro music\" and as another Jewish 'plot' upon German culture.", "\n\nSwing kids \nThe \"Swing Kids\" (German: Swingjugend) were a group of jazz and swing lovers in Germany in the 1930s, mainly in Hamburg (St. Pauli) and Berlin. ", "They were mainly composed of 14- to 18-year-old boys and girls. ", "They defied National Socialism (Nazism) by listening and dancing to this same banned music in private quarters, clubs, rented halls and vacant cafés. ", "Jazz music was offensive to Nazi ideology, because it was often performed by blacks and a number of Jewish musicians. ", "The Swing Kids gave the impression of being apolitical, similar to their zoot suiter counterparts in North America.", "\n\nOn 18 August 1941, in a brutal police operation, over 300 Swing kids were arrested. ", "The measures against them ranged from cutting their hair and sending them back to school under close monitoring, to the deportation of their leaders to Nazi concentration camps.", "\n\nThe 1993 movie Swing Kids gives a fictional portrayal of these same youths in that period in Germany.", "\n\nWorld War II \nPrior to the D-Day landings, during the German occupation of the Netherlands, Joseph Goebbels's propaganda ministry published pamphlets written in Dutch named \"Greetings from England – The Coming Invasion\". ", "These pamphlets contained in-between statements, such as \"old jazz-records\" and a further full statement declaring \"at the celebration of liberation your daughters and wives will be dancing in the arms of real Negroes\". ", "This further equated jazz music with 'blackness' during this time to stir up racism and anti-Allied propaganda within occupied Europe.", "\n\nHowever, Goebbels managed to create a Nazi-sponsored German swing band named Charlie and his Orchestra whose propagandistic purpose was to win over Nazi support and sympathy from British and American listeners through Shortwave radio.", "\n\nAdditionally counter-propaganda was used by Allied forces which played upon the fears of the Nazi's banned music. ", "One such example is Glenn Miller, who was a White American jazz musician, that initially provided jazz music, through radio, to Allied combat soldiers for the purposes of entertainment and morale. ", "His same music was used as counter-propaganda by AFN radio broadcasting to denounce fascist oppression in Europe with even Miller once stating himself:\nAmerica means freedom, and there's no expression of freedom quite so sincere as music. –", "Glenn Miller\n\nPost-War period \nEven in the Post–World War II years in 1950s Germany, there were some protests from churches, school authorities and politicians against the \"obscene Negro music\" of the newly emerging rock 'n' roll genre with such acts like Elvis and Chuck Berry gaining new popularity amongst youth. ", "This attitude also continued right up into the 1960s carrying the same derogatory term that not only maintained its resentment by older generations and conservatives but also was an aggressive defense against a then new contemporary American culture. ", "Dance halls in East-Germany often displayed \"Affentanzen verboten\" notices (lit.: ", "monkey dancing forbidden).", "\n\nSee also\n Degenerate music\n Jazz in Germany\n Valaida Snow\n Afro-Germans\n Hans Massaquoi\n Degenerate art\n Low culture\n Hans Hauck\n Persecution of black people in Nazi Germany\n Rhineland Bastard\n Nazism and race\n Racial policy of Nazi Germany\n Swingjugend\n\nLiterature\n Michael Hans Kater (2003): Different Drummers: Jazz in the Culture of Nazi Germany. ", "Oxford University Press, \n Mike Zwerin (2000): Swing Under the Nazis: Jazz as a Metaphor for Freedom. ", "Cooper Square Publishers, \n Clarence Lusane (2003): Hitler's black victims: the historical experiences of Afro-Germans, European Blacks, Africans, and African Americans in the Nazi era. ", "Routledge,\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nHitler's black victims: the ... – Clarence Lusane (pages. ", "199-200) – Google Books\nDegenerate Music – Holocaust – Florida Center for Instructional Technology\nEbony | March 1966 | magazine | (p. 111) – Google Books\nThe Music Survives! ", "Degenerate Music: Music Suppressed by the Third Reich\nThe Chronicle – Blacks: forgotten target of Europe's hate and love\nMelos (1920-1934) – RIPM Journal Information\nMusic and the Holocaust: Swing Kids Behind Barbed Wire\nCircular Breathing: The Cultural Politics of Jazz in Britain (George McKay) – Academia.edu\nGSB-Hamburg: World in Touch 10e (1999-2001), Politik & Geschichte\nDjango-World War II\nLabel of love: Blue Note | Music | guardian.co.uk\nOffensive English translation of Arnold Schwarzenegger's last name? – ", "Straight Dope Message Board\nIs the German word \"Neger\" a pejorative?", "\nCase Study: Swing Kids – Resources – HMD Trust\n\nCategory:Anti-black racism in Europe\nCategory:Nazi terminology\nCategory:Nazi culture\nCategory:Censorship in Germany\nCategory:German music history\nCategory:Censored works\nCategory:History of jazz\nCategory:German jazz" ]

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[ "78 + -78. ", "Suppose 12*i - 15*i + 12 = f. Solve -2*g = -4*a + i, 5*a = 5*g + 3 + 7 for a.\n0\nLet a(c) = -c**2 + 10*c - 8. ", "Let t be a(9). ", "Let i be (0 - 0) + t + 1. ", "Let x be -1*2 - 29/(261/(-108)). ", "Solve 0 = i*d - 4*p + 9 - 25, -2*p - x = 0 for d.\n-2\nLet y be (33/(-12) + 2)/((-9)/60). ", "Let u = 1 - -5. ", "Suppose 2*m - 2*a = a, -3*a = -m - u. Solve 14 = -y*z - m, -3*j + 4*z = -25 for j.\n3\nLet q(v) = 2*v**2 - 8*v - 7. ", "Let g be q(5). ", "Suppose 2*a + 3*a = n - 2, 0 = -g*a. ", "Solve -n*l + 19 = 3*p, 4*p + 0*l - 18 = l for p.\n5\nLet g be ((-46)/4)/(((-3)/2)/3). ", "Suppose -5*s = u - g + 2, 4*u - 4 = 0. ", "Solve 5*z + 15 = 3*j, 5*z + s*j + 6 = 3*z for z.\n-3\nLet t(p) = 16*p - 299. ", "Let k be t(19). ", "Solve -k*i + 3 = -3*v, 3*i = -2*v + 10 + 7 for i.\n3\nLet v = 4 + 0. ", "Suppose 0 = 4*z - 0*k + 2*k - 12, 2*k = -4. ", "Suppose 4*q + 12 = -z*r - 0*r, 5*q = 2*r - 15. ", "Solve r = -4*t - 4*m - 24, 4 = -v*t - 3*m - 16 for t.\n-2\nLet v = 238 + -230. ", "Solve 5*k - 5*g = -2*g - v, 0 = 3*k - 3*g for k.\n-4\nLet p(r) = 5*r**2 + 30*r + 5. ", "Let b be p(-6). ", "Solve 2*m + b*g - 2 = g, 0 = -3*m + 4*g - 27 for m.\n-5\nLet d = -90 + 95. ", "Solve -3*h + 29 = 5*y, -5*h - 6 = -d*y - 1 for h.\n3\nSuppose 3*s - 12 = -5*i, -4*s + 2*s + 8 = 0. ", "Suppose i = 7*d - 2*d - 25. ", "Solve -k = d, 3*y - y - 18 = 4*k for y.\n-1\nLet i = 273 - 272. ", "Solve -5*m = -4*k - 8, 4*k + 2*m = -i - 7 for k.\n-2\nLet w(b) = b**3 + 5*b**2 - 9*b - 6. ", "Let l be (-3)/((-3)/(-2)) - 4. ", "Let x be w(l). ", "Suppose 2*p - 6*p + 56 = 0. ", "Solve -2*i - 2*g = -p, -3*g = -i - 5*g + x for i.\n2\nLet p = 14 - 7. ", "Let g be 999/189 + (-2)/p. ", "Solve 2*d = g*f - 5, 0 + 1 = -3*d + f for d.\n0\nLet d = 332 - 330. ", "Solve -3*k + 22 = 4*s, -d*s - 2*k + 4 = -4*k for s.\n4\nSuppose -10*l + 2*l + 24 = 0. ", "Solve -12 = -5*v + 4*c, l*v + 12 = 2*v - 4*c for v.\n0\nLet y(b) = b**3 - 11*b**2 - 11*b - 15. ", "Let o = 13 - 1. ", "Let t be y(o). ", "Let s be (2/t)/((-16)/120). ", "Solve 0 = 5*q - s*x - 10, 0 = 2*q - 5*x - 1 - 0 for q.\n3\nLet n(z) = z - 7. ", "Let u be n(9). ", "Let a be 4 - (-1)/(-2)*u. ", "Let i be ((-4)/3)/((-2)/a). ", "Solve q - 5*q + 11 = 5*l, -4*q = -i*l - 18 for l.\n-1\nSuppose -7*l + 2*l = -20. ", "Let t(k) = k - 19. ", "Let s be t(19). ", "Suppose 9 = 4*n + x - 11, s = -5*n + x + 16. ", "Solve -5*i + 33 = n*u + 13, -l = u - i for u.\n0\nLet d(s) = s**3 - 7*s**2 - 21*s + 31. ", "Let l be d(9). ", "Solve -3*t + 4*y - 6 = -l*t, 2*t = -4*y + 4 for t.\n-2\nSuppose 5*f + 9 = 2*f. ", "Let c = -1 - f. Solve -c*l - 3*k + 2 = -2, -l - 3*k = 1 for l.\n5\nLet j(b) = -b**2 + 38*b - 342. ", "Let u be j(23). ", "Solve -11 = -3*k + 5*f, -f - 4 = u*f for k.\n2\nLet i(t) = t + 3. ", "Let m be i(-6). ", "Let w be (-14)/m + (-5)/(-15) - 3. ", "Suppose 4 + 2 = 3*y. ", "Solve 0 = y*c + 2, w*d - 6*d = 4*c for d.\n1\nLet s(x) = x**2 + 3*x - 10. ", "Let j be s(4). ", "Let g be 1 + (-22)/j + (-3300)/(-270). ", "Solve -3*u + 8*u + 5*o = 15, 3*o = 4*u - g for u.\n3\nLet m be -1 - 5/((-20)/(-36)). ", "Let g(n) = -n**2 - 9*n + 21. ", "Let b be g(m). ", "Solve u = 5*p - 25, -u + 0*p - 4*p + b = 0 for u.\n-5\nSuppose -n = 5*i - 66, 5*n - 76 = -4*i + 10*n. ", "Solve i = 4*a - 3*r - 12, -5*a + 17 = 4*r for a.\n5\nLet r = -159 + 161. ", "Solve q = -q - r*b - 2, -3 = -5*q - 3*b for q.\n3\nLet h be 98/4 + (-2)/4. ", "Let k(m) = -21*m - 1 + h*m + m**2 - 6. ", "Let q be k(-5). ", "Solve -o + 10 = q*b, 4*o - 26 = -4*b - b for o.\n4\nSuppose 2*h = 4*v + 2, 4*v = -h + 12 + 13. ", "Let d be -2 - (5 + 1 + -3). ", "Let k = d + h. Solve -r + 0*s - 2*s + 7 = 0, -4*r + k*s = 8 for r.\n1\nSuppose 2*u = 3*p - 8 + 6, -4 = 4*p + 4*u. ", "Solve i = 2*i - 4*g + 17, -3*g + 9 = p for i.\n-5\nLet j(w) = -3 - 1 - 2 - 11*w + 11 + w**2. ", "Let g = -6 - -17. ", "Let p be j(g). ", "Solve 0 = 5*a - 4*z + 21, 2*a - 4*z + 13 = -p for a.\n-1\nLet g(p) = -p**3 - 9*p**2 + 23*p + 17. ", "Let u be g(-11). ", "Let f be ((-1)/2)/(2/(-4)). ", "Solve z + n = -f, -z = u*n - 2*n + 13 for z.\n3\nLet s = -1326 + 1328. ", "Solve 2*p + 5*c - 5 = s*c, 0 = 5*p - 2*c - 3 for p.\n1\nLet p = -7 - -11. ", "Suppose p = 5*n - 16. ", "Solve -j + 15 = -n*k - 0, 5*j = -4*k - 45 for j.\n-5\nLet f(s) = s**3 + s**2 + 4. ", "Let o be -1*(0 + (4 - 4)). ", "Let b be f(o). ", "Suppose b*l = 10*l - 18. ", "Solve -3*q = 7*v - l*v - 1, -q + 5*v = 6 for q.\n-1\nSuppose 4*t - 10 = 2*r, -5*r + 10 = -2*t - 5. ", "Solve -5*c + 15 = 6*l - 3*l, r*c + 20 = 4*l for c.\n0\nSuppose 9 + 6 = 3*f. ", "Let p(v) be the third derivative of v**5/60 - v**4/8 - 5*v**3/6 - 2*v**2. ", "Let x be p(f). ", "Solve 5*n + 2 + 3 = -5*l, x*n = 4*l - 41 for n.\n-5\nLet f = 917 - 913. ", "Solve f*i = 4*w - 12, 3*i + 19 = -2*w - 0*i for w.\n-2\nSuppose -6*i + 4 = -26. ", "Solve 9 = l - 5*j, 4*l - i*j + 1 - 7 = 0 for l.\n-1\nSuppose -4*y + 10 = -0*q + 3*q, 0 = -4*q - 5*y + 14. ", "Suppose -10 = 7*s - q*s. ", "Let u be s*(-2 + (-6)/(-4)). ", "Solve 3*j - 5*l = -l, -u*j - 5*l = 0 for j.\n0\nSuppose k = 5, -2*w + 2*k + 6 = -0. ", "Suppose 0 = -3*c - w - 31. ", "Let o = -10 - c. Solve f + 3*g - 8 = 0, -f - 2 = -4*g - o for f.\n5\nSuppose -4*p = -20, -p = -2*u - 23 + 24. ", "Solve i + 7 = -0*x + u*x, 4*x - 6 = 3*i for i.\n2\nSuppose -2*g + 12 = -2. ", "Suppose 0 = b - g - 16. ", "Let y = b + -19. ", "Solve j - 4*d + 13 = 0, j + 29 = y*j + 5*d for j.\n3\nLet h(v) = -v**3 + 27*v**2 + 33*v - 140. ", "Let i be h(28). ", "Solve -2*o = 5*d - 7 - i, -5*o - 29 = -3*d for d.\n3\nLet k = 99 + -94. ", "Suppose k*r = -2*f + 103, 2*r + 2*f + f - 50 = 0. ", "Solve 3*x + 5*a = 1 - r, -4*x - 3*a - 13 = 0 for x.\n-1\nLet h(r) = r**2 + 7*r + 9. ", "Suppose -3*v - v = -l + 28, 0 = 5*l - 20. ", "Let s be h(v). ", "Let m be 737/201 + 5/(-3). ", "Solve s*x + 2*c - 4 = -1, -1 = -5*x - m*c for x.\n-1\nLet y(u) = 2*u**3 - 7*u**2 + 9*u - 3. ", "Let c be y(2). ", "Solve 9 = -3*j, -j = -2*w - c*j for w.\n3\nLet r = 244 + -225. ", "Solve -3*b = -2*o + r, -7*o + 13 = 4*b - 2*o for b.\n-3\nLet h be (-41)/((-287)/56) + 2/(-1). ", "Solve 2*u - 8 = -4*v + h, 15 = 3*u + 4*v for u.\n1\nLet m(g) = g**2 - 10*g - 1. ", "Let s be m(10). ", "Let u = s + 4. ", "Suppose 3*d - 30 = u. Solve -2*k - d = t - 0*k, -t = -5*k - 17 for t.\n-3\nSuppose 3*z = -2*k, -4*z = -6*z + 3*k + 13. ", "Solve 6 = f - y, -5*f + 15 = -0*f - z*y for f.\n1\nSuppose 67*g - 114 = 29*g. ", "Solve 5*k = -g*x + 4, -2*x + 5 = -k + 2*k for k.\n-1\nLet g = 93 - 97. ", "Let a be 5 - (-2 + g/(-1)). ", "Solve t + 14 = -a*m, -4*t - 3*m - 35 = 2*m for t.\n-5\nLet c(j) = j**3 + 2*j**2 - 7*j - 2. ", "Let y be c(-2). ", "Solve 3*w = -k - 9, 5*k = -2*w - 7 - y for k.\n-3\nSuppose 22 = r - 4*k, r - 106 = 5*k - 79. ", "Let m be 8/3 + 6/(-9). ", "Let n(p) = 3*p**2 - 4*p + 2. ", "Let i be n(m). ", "Solve -5*c - 2*h = i, -4 = -r*c - 3*h - h for c.\n-2\nLet y be ((-48)/72)/((-4)/30). ", "Let s be (3/(-12) - (-33)/(-12)) + y. Solve 4*f = 8, 8 = -2*t + 3*f - s for t.\n-2\nLet f be 2/(((-8)/(-22))/2). ", "Let k be 58/(-203) - (2 + 90/(-21)). ", "Let z be (f + 4)*2/k. Solve 0*c = 3*c - w + 3, -z = 5*w for c.\n-2\nLet w(r) = -r**3 - 4*r**2 - r - 1. ", "Let t be w(-4). ", "Let h(v) = -5*v**3 - 76*v**2 - 22*v - 77. ", "Let c be h(-15). ", "Solve 1 = t*z - 2*x, 5*x - 4 = -4*z + c for z.\n3\nLet t = -178 - -182. ", "Solve -2*y + k = 3*y - 15, -t*y + k + 13 = 0 for y.\n2\nLet s(b) = -4*b - 8. ", "Let u be s(-7). ", "Suppose -5*c - 3 = 2*h - u, 5 = 3*c - 4*h. ", "Let i be (-20)/5 + c - -3. ", "Solve 0 = m - 3*o - 6, -i*m - 3*o = -m + 6 for m.\n0\nSuppose -t = -2*w - 7, 0 = -3*w - 20 + 14. ", "Solve 2*b + t*u = -4, -5*u + 12 = b - 7*u for b.\n4\nSuppose 7*r + 60 = 6*r. ", "Let i be (54/45)/(-2*9/r). ", "Solve 2*a = i*n + 6, -a + 2 - 11 = n for a.\n-5\nSuppose 0 = -s + 13*s - 36. ", "Solve -3*m = 2*p + 4, -9 - 17 = 4*p - s*m for p.\n-5\nLet o = -29 - -51. ", "Let i be (-4)/o + (-48)/(-22). ", "Let f(x) = -2*x + 4. ", "Let s be f(0). ", "Solve i*q + 4*r + 8 = s*q, -3*q + 12 = -5*r for q.\n4\nSuppose -7*m = -13 + 104. ", "Let x = -10 - m. Solve -4*z - 31 = 5*b, -8 = -z + x*z for b.\n-3\nLet g(d) = d**3 - 2*d**2 - 11*d + 3. ", "Let m be g(0). ", "Solve -4*v + 5*u = 0, -3*v - m*u - 22 = -v for v.\n-5\nLet a(q) = -q**2 - 8*q - 2. ", "Suppose -5*m = -k - 32, 19 = -3*k + k + m. Let s be a(k). ", "Solve 3*p = -4*z - 22 - 1, 5*p + 30 = -s*z for z.\n-5\nLet a = -456 + 461. ", "Let u(h) = -h**3 + 6*h**2 + 7*h + 9. ", "Let f be u(7). ", "Solve 2*p - a*j - 29 = 6*p, -4*p - f = j for p.\n-1\nLet p = 78 - 74. ", "Solve 3*m - f = -5 + 10, 0 = -4*m - p*f + 12 for m.\n2\nSuppose q = 2*u - 2*q, 5*u + 4*q = 0. ", "Let p(n) = 3 + 19*n**2 + 22*n**2 + 16*n**2 - 56*n**2. ", "Let k be p(u). ", "Solve -a = -k*x - 3, -3*x - x = 5*a + 23 for a.\n-3\nSuppose 5*f = -2*x + 40, -f + 16 = 2*x - 40. ", "Let z = x - 28. ", "Solve -s - 3*s + 4*a - 32 = 0, 3*s + 9 = -z*a for s.\n-5\nLet m = -4 + 7. ", "Suppose 3*j - 6*j = 2*s - 15, 5*s - j + 5 = 0. ", "Suppose 0 = 2*h - 6, 3*w + w - 3*h - 7 = s. Solve -3*z + w*v = 3 + 10, m*z = -5*v + 23 for z.\n1\nLe" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "DM Mathematics" }

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[ "Adobe CS3Clean Script 1.0.4\n\nDescription of\n\nAdobe CS3Clean Script\n\nUninstall all Adobe Creative Suite 3 prerelease program and CS3 public betas. ", "Adobe CS3Clean Script will help resolve installation problems experienced by beta and pre-release users of Adobe Creative Suite software. ", "The script will clean up the any beta and pre-release installations. ", "It will also look for and repair registry permissions and remove obsolete registry entries of older Flash Player versions, to ensure successful and allow installation of the shipping versions of Creative Suite 3.Step 1. ", "Back-up all data prior to using the CS3Clean Script. ", "This includes fonts, Version Cue repositories, plugins and any other important files.", "Step 2. ", "Uninstall your beta or pre-release Creative Suite 3 prior to using the CS3Clean Script.* ", "On Windows XP, uninstall via Add/Remove Programs in the Control Panel.* ", "On Windows Vista, in the Programs section of the Control Panel, select Uninstall a Program.* ", "On Macintosh, the uninstaller is in Applications/Utilities/Adobe Installers.", "Step 3. ", "Download the appropriate file from below.", "Step 4. ", "Unpack the download. ", "The download includes the script as well as additional system-specific instructions.", "Step 5. ", "Open and follow the instructions for assistance installing the script.", "Step 6. ", "Once the script has successfully completed, continue with your installation of the shipping version of Creative Suite 3Please back-up all data prior to using the CS3Clean Script. ", "This includes fonts, Version Cue repositories, plug-ins you may have installed and any other important files.", "Note: Windows Vista is more strict about security and requires this tool be run as an Administrator. ", "If the script does not work after typing in your password, right-click on CS3Clean and select \"Run as Administrator.", "\"Requirements:* The Microsoft Windows Installer CleanUp Utility is required to complete the cleaning\n\nFiles32.com collects software information directly from original developers using software submission form. ", "Sometimes it can happen that software data are not complete or are outdated. ", "You should confirm all information before relying on it. ", "Using crack, serial number, registration code, keygen and other warez or nulled soft is illegal (even downloading from torrent network) and could be considered as theft in your area. ", "Files32 does not provide download link from Rapidshare, Yousendit, Mediafire, Filefactory and other Free file hosting service also. ", "The software has been submitted by its publisher directly, not obtained from any Peer to Peer file sharing applications such as Shareaza, Limewire, Kazaa, Imesh, BearShare, Overnet, Morpheus, eDonkey, eMule, Ares, BitTorrent Azureus etc..\n\nMore Software from www.adobe.com\n\nMacromedia FreeHand MX 11.0.2 With FreeHand MX, will become a true professional of multiple publication, and create sophisticated designs and illustrations that can be used for print, Internet and Macromedia Flash MX projects...\n\nScale Graphics 1.0 Scale Graphics is an Adobe InDesign plugin, Quickly and easily adjust the size of all your graphics, an Adobe InDesign script that will help you quickly and easily adjust the size of all your...\n\nEasy HTML To Any Script Converter 3.0.0 Easy HTML To Any Script Converter provides fast and easy conversion of HTML Files and HTML Code Blocks pasted from Clipboard to any Script (the Setup Pack already includes some templates for...\n\nFileParam 0.1 FileParam can help you to run any file with the desired parameters, run any kind of file with the arguments you choose.", "This is supposed to be a replacement for running software with arguments from...\n\nLuxand Blink! ", "2.0 Login to your PC without touching a thing! ", "Luxand Blink! ", "is a free tool to let you log in to your Windows account by simply looking into a webcam - no passwords to type and no fingers to scan.", "\n\nInTask Personal 1.5 InTask designed to help team leaders, developers and QA persons to share their efforts and deliver the products on time. ", "The product includes fast task management, interactive gantt, document...\n\nGlary Utilities Portable 2.56.0.8322 One Click A Day For PC Maintenance, Keeps Any PC Problems Away. ", "With 7 million worldwide users, the first-rank & free Glary Utilities is an INDISPENSABLE friend for your PC, with its 100% safe,...\n\nVPSpro 3.695 VPSpro is the ultimate in the creation of financial projection and general business plans. ", "The unique walk-through process is simple to use and makes easy work of the hard parts of business planning.", "\n\nNeox Screen 1.0.0.277 Neox Screen is a free application which with the help of the hotkeys you can take screenshots that are crystal sharp, small in size and ready to be shared.", "\n\nEMCO Remote Installer Free 4.1.1 This free remote software deployment tool is designed to install and uninstall Windows software on remote PCs through local networks. ", "You can use it to install and uninstall EXE setups and MSI...\n\nElcomsoft eXplorer for WhatsApp 2.60.29966 Download, view and decrypt WhatsApp histories from Android and iOS devices. ", "The tool automatically acquires WhatsApp data from a range of local and cloud sources, processes information and displays...\n\nLINEAR ALGEBRA UNLEASHED 2.1a Linear Algebra Unleashed 2.1a is a matrix calculator that solves for and displays the solutions to almost all operations with regards matrix algebra or linear algebra. ", "Linear Algebra Unleashed...\n\nThe Reverse Experience 2019.02.15 The Reverse Experience is a very special Reversi / Othello player. ", "It includes a powerful game-search based optimization engine that allows to customize the game's various play strategies.", "\n\nEaster Dinner Checklist 1.07 Holding an Easter dinner can be a huge undertaking if you plan to invite guests and celebrate this holiday in the best way. ", "Easter Dinner Checklist is designed to help families pull off the dinner...\n\nNTP Time Zone Clock 1.0 This downloadable NTP time zone clock displays the local time of over 300 cities around the world.", "\n\nUFO VPN 2.1.0 UFO VPN, the best free, fast and unlimited VPN proxy for Android devices! ", "Your first choice to use secure WiFi hotspots, protect your privacy and access all websites. ", "It is the most easy-to-use VPN...\n\nLibMaster.com StockChart library 1.1 The LibMaster.com StockChart library is assigned for stock charts representation. ", "It allows you to add stock chart representation support in your program easily. ", "The LibMaster.", "\n\nVBA Code Profiler 2.4.7 The VBA Code Profiler System (VBACP) provides a system to profile MicrosoftT« VBA based applications. ", "This will allow analysis of your code for performance and path tracking throughout your VBA...\n\nGPS Track Viewer 1.1 GPS Track Viewer makes it easier to import and display track data from GPS devices. ", "It is designed to be feature-rich, elegant and fast and supports different formats, e.g. TCX and GPX.", "\n\nTime Ferret 1.0.0 Time Ferret is a time calculator that helps you be more productive by tracking the programs you use. ", "Time Ferret totals them up and you can immediately see which programs you use the most and by...\n\nMClipboard 2.1 MClipboard manager provides you with 10 Windows clipboards, so that you can simultaneously copy and paste 10 different data segments (images, words, etc).MClipboard is aimed to be a quick and...\n\nFirst Aid Spanish Dictio 1.7 Compact reference for medical fied workers at places with predomi The product provides essential English to Spanish medical vocabulary that field healthcare workers need to communicate with...\n\nSimple Ping 1.0.3 Simple Ping is a small software to help keep an eye on your current internet ping.", "From Author: I made this software because I have a wireless internet provider. ", "My ping times like to go all over...\n\nASaturA 1.0 Demonstrate saturation in nucleotide sequences. ", "The usual way to demonstrate saturation in nucleotide sequences is to plot the fraction of differences between sequences against the evolutionary...\n\nBlackJack (Java applet) v1.1 Lets your Web site visitors enjoy a highly realistic game of BlackJack. ", "Players can choose almost any variation, including the number of decks, insurance, surrender, splitting hands, doubling down,...\n\nScreen Grab Pro 1.8 Screen Grab Pro Is a freeware screen capture tool. ", "It features One click grab of any screen for ease of use, Timer operation, Current window selection list and more. ", "Screen Grab Pro copies a bitmap...\n\n3D Classic Card Games 1.1 To this day, those little carton cards providing hours of recreational creativity are still enticing and arousing more and more followers. ", "This program includes whist, seven up, war, crazy eights..." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

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[ "In the related art, there exists a system that presents, on a screen of a client device, information such as media content captured by continuously capturing an optical signal transmitted by visible light communication.", "\nFor example, Japanese Patent Application No. ", "2011-286846, also filed by the applicant of the present application, discloses an information providing system made up of a transmitting device, a client device, and a server. ", "In this information providing system, the transmitting device modulates identification information that identifies content, and transmits the modulated information using light as a communication medium. ", "The client device receives the modulated information by capturing the transmitting device, and acquires the identification information by conducting a decoding process. ", "The client device transmits the identification acquired from the transmitting device to the server, receives content identified by the identification information from the server, and displays the received content on a display screen. ", "Thus, the information providing system disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. ", "2011-286846 provides a user with a function of viewing information with a simple operation." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds" }

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[ "Q:\n\nHow do I disassociate an Apple ID from my computer?", "\n\nHow do I disassociate an Apple ID from my device?", "\nI have 2 Apple IDs: an old one that my laptop insists on using, and my new one that iTunes and my other devices use. ", " \nWhen trying to update software or download applications, my laptop insists on using the old Apple ID; how do I correct it?", "\n\nA:\n\nIt sounds like you have apps that were purchased under the Apple ID you want to stop using. ", "App purchases cannot be transferred to a different Apple ID; they're permanently tied to the Apple ID they were purchased under. ", "If you don't want to use that Apple ID anymore, you need to delete all of the apps purchased under that ID, then open the App store, sign into the new Apple ID you want to use (Store menu > Sign Out, then Store menu > Sign In), and re-download (and if necessary re-purchase) any that you still want to use.", "\nYes, this does mean that you'll need to pay for apps again. ", "Sorry.", "\n(Actually, there is one case where an app can be transferred between Apple IDs: if it was purchased via the volume purchase program using managed distribution. ", "If you don't know what this is, you don't have it.)", "\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

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[ "Abortive replication of Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus in Sf9 and High Five cells: defective nuclear transport of the virions.", "\nDespite close genetic relationship, Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) and Autographa californica multicapsid NPV (AcMNPV) display a distinct host range property. ", "Here, BmNPV replication was examined in Sf9 and High Five cells that were nonproductive for BmNPV infection but supported high titers of AcMNPV replication. ", "Recombinant BmNPV, vBm/gfp/lac, containing bm-ie1 promoter-driven egfp showed that few Sf9 and High Five cells infected with vBm/gfp/lac expressed EGFP, while large proportion of EGFP-expressing cells was observed when transfected with vBm/gfp/lac DNA. ", "Immunocytochemical analysis showed that BmNPV was not imported into the nucleus of these two cell lines, while recombinant BmNPV, vBmDelta64/ac-gp64 possessing AcMNPV gp64 was imported into the nucleus, yielding progeny virions in High Five cells, but not Sf9 cells. ", "These results indicate that the defective nuclear import of infected virions due to insufficient BmNPV GP64 function is involved in the restricted BmNPV replication in Sf9 and High Five cells." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "\n401 Mass. 81 (1987)\n514 N.E.2d 850\nMARYBETH STOKES ATKINS\nvs.\nJIMINY PEAK, INC.", "\nSupreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts, Berkshire.", "\nApril 7, 1987.", "\nNovember 5, 1987.", "\nPresent: HENNESSEY, C.J., WILKINS, LIACOS, ABRAMS, NOLAN, LYNCH, & O'CONNOR, JJ.", "\nDavid R. Kaplan for the plaintiff.", "\nEdward J. Lapointe for the defendant.", "\nO'CONNOR, J.\nThis case presents the question whether an action by an injured skier against a ski area operator is governed by the one-year limitation of actions provision of G.L.c. ", "143, § 71P, where the plaintiff's theories of recovery are negligence and breach of warranty, as well as breach of contract, in the renting of defective ski equipment.", "\nIn her original complaint, filed on December 5, 1984, the plaintiff alleged that on March 20, 1982, she sustained serious injuries while skiing at the defendant's ski resort, and that those injuries were caused by defective ski equipment she had rented from the rental facility on the premises. ", "She further alleged that the defendant had not inspected or adjusted the equipment, and this failure amounted to negligence and breach of contract. ", "In an amended complaint filed on February 14, *82 1986, the plaintiff added counts alleging that the defendant had breached warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose.", "\nThe defendant moved for summary judgment on the ground that the plaintiff's action was barred by the statute of limitations. ", "A judge of the Superior Court granted the motion, and the plaintiff appealed. ", "We tranferred the case to this court on our own motion, and now affirm.", "\nThe statute we must interpret, G.L.c. ", "143, § 71P, imposes a one-year limitation on actions \"against a ski area operator for injury to a skier.", "\"[1] There is no contention that the defendant is not a \"ski area operator,\" or that this action is not \"for injury to a skier.\" ", "The text of the statute, then, seems fully to support the decision of the Superior Court judge. ", "The plaintiff argues, however, that the statute should be construed as governing only actions based on a defendant ski area operator's violation of those duties prescribed by G.L.c. ", "143, § 71N. Section 71N requires that ski areas be maintained and operated in a reasonably safe manner, and prescribes methods by which skiers must be warned about the presence of equipment and *83 vehicles on slopes and trials.[2] The plaintiff thus contends that the statute does not bar her lawsuit because her action does not assert a violation of § 71N but rather was brought against the defendant solely in its capacity as a lessor of ski equipment. ", "We do not interpret the statute in this limited way. ", "Rather, we conclude that the one-year limitation in § 71P applies to all personal injury actions brought by skiers against ski area operators arising out of skiing injuries.", "\nIf the Legislature had intended that the one-year limitation apply only to actions alleging breach of a ski area operator's duties under § 71N, it easily could have employed language to that effect instead of the sweeping terms contained in the statute. ", "Nothing in § 71P suggests that its reach is so limited.", "\nThe plaintiff contends that there is no sound basis for applying the one-year limitation to her action, because if she \"had rented skis from an independently operated ski rental shop *84 which leased space in the Defendant's base lodge, such an independent rental shop could not defend against the Plaintiff's action by relying upon Section 71P.\" Hence, she argues, it makes no sense to afford special protection to lessors of ski equipment who happen also to be ski area operators. ", "We assume for purposes of this case that the plaintiff's assertion that § 71P would not apply to an independent ski rental shop is correct. ", "But we cannot say that, in enacting § 71P, the Legislature could not reasonably have decided that ski area operators require more protection than do other sectors of the ski industry. \"", "Personal injury claims by skiers ... may be myriad in number, run a whole range of harm, and constitute a constant drain on the ski industry.\" ", "Grass v. Catamount Dev. ", "Corp., 390 Mass. 551, 553 (1983). ", "The Legislature appears to have concluded that, in view of this perceived threat to the economic stability of owners and operators of ski areas, not shared by those who simply rent ski equipment, a short period for the commencement of skiers' personal injury actions against ski operators, regardless of the fault alleged, is in the public interest. ", "See Note, Ski Operators and Skiers — Responsibility and Liability, 14 New Eng. ", "L. Rev. 260, 271 (1978) (\"the Massachusetts Ski Act ... is designed to decrease the economic threat to the ski industry by limiting an operator's liability, while making the sport safer by requiring operators to implement greater safety precautions\" [footnotes omitted]).", "\nThe plaintiff also argues that § 71P should not be construed to apply to \"every tort or contract action, including ... actions for breach of warranty.\" ", "We agree, but our agreement does not help the plaintiff. ", "The one year limitation period applies only to actions brought against ski area operators seeking compensation for injuries sustained while skiing. ", "The statute would not apply, for instance, to an action brought by one who slipped and fell, or consumed tainted food, in an operator's lodge. ", "But an action, such as this one, plainly seeking compensation for injuries suffered when the plaintiff fell while skiing on the defendant's ski slopes, is within the scope of the statute.", "\n*85 Because § 71P applies to the plaintiff's action, the Superior Court judge correctly concluded that the plaintiff's action was time-barred.", "\nJudgment affirmed.", "\nLIACOS, J. (dissenting, with whom Wilkins and Abrams, JJ., ", "join).", "\nI respectfully dissent. ", "The court's interpretation of G.L.c. ", "143, § 71P (1986 ed.), ", "is too broad. ", "The general purpose of G.L.c. ", "143, §§ 71H-71S (1986 ed.), ", "is to set the terms of responsibility for ski area operators and skiers in a sport which has inherent risks of injury or even death. ", "This legislative intent to protect ski area operators was designed, as the court indicates, not only to decrease the economic threat to the ski industry, but also to enhance the safety of skiers.", "\nAn examination of the whole statutory scheme reveals, however, that the Legislature did not intend to protect the ski area operators from claims for all harm which occurs in connection with skiing accidents, regardless of where the negligence that caused the harm takes place. ", "Indeed, this court decided not long ago that G.L.c. ", "143, § 71P, on which it relies to rule adversely on this plaintiff's claim, did not apply to wrongful death actions arising from injuries on the ski slope. ", "Grass v. Catamount Dev. ", "Corp., 390 Mass. 551 (1983) (O'Connor, J.). ", "The court now ingores the wisdom of its own words in Grass, supra at 553: \"Had the Legislature intended that G.L.c. ", "143, § 71P, should apply to claims for wrongful death as well as to claims for injuries not resulting in death, we believe it would have done so expressly....\" Here, however, the court extends the protective provisions of § 71P to ordinary commercial activity simply because it occurred at the base of a ski area and was conducted by the operator of the ski slope. ", "No such intent can be perceived in this statute. ", "To the contrary, the statute clearly manifests an intent to promote safety on ski slopes by regulating, through the creation of a recreational tramway board and otherwise, the operation of tramways, chair lifts, \"J bars,\" \"T bars,\" and the like (§§ 71H-71M). ", "The *86 statute defines the duties both of ski area operators and skiers (§§ 71K-71O).", "\nIn § 71O, liability of ski area operators for ski slope accidents is sharply limited: \"A skier skiing down hill shall have the duty to avoid any collision with any other skier, person or object on the hill below him, and, except as otherwise provided in this chapter, the responsibility for collisions by any skier with any other skier or person shall be solely that of the skier or person involved and not that of the operator, and the responsibility for the collision with an obstruction, man-made or otherwise, shall be solely that of the skier and not that of the operator, provided that such obstruction is properly marked pursuant to the regulations promulgated by the board\" (emphasis supplied). ", "Clearly, then, the statutory scheme is designed not only to enhance the safety of skiers, but also to limit the liability of a ski area operator for his negligent activities which cause injuries (but not deaths, see Grass, supra) on the ski slopes. ", "It is in this context that the court ought to consider the additional protection of a ninety-day notice requirement, as well as the short statute of limitations of one year found in § 71P.\nGeneral Laws c. 143, § 71P, imposes a ninety-day notice requirement and a one-year statute of limitations on a party who brings suit against a ski area operator.[1] The imposition in § 71P of the ninety-day notice requirement as a condition precedent to recovery confirms, I think, my view that this statute is designed only to protect the ski area operator as to claims arising from conditions on the ski slope. ", "But there is an even stronger argument against the court's position — that is in the very language of the statute. ", "A \"[s]ki area operator\" is defined in G.L.c. ", "143, § 71I(6), as \"the owner or operator of a ski *87 area.\" ", "In the same subsection, a \"[s]ki area\" is defined as: \"[A]ll of the slopes and trails under the control of the ski area operator, including cross-country ski areas, slopes and trails, and any recreational tramway in operation on any such slopes or trails administered or operated as a single enterprise but shall not include base lodges, motor vehicle parking lots and other portions of ski areas used by skiers when not actually engaged in the sport of skiing\" (emphasis supplied).", "\nThe alleged negligence and breach of warranty that occurred in this case happened in the rental shop in the base lodge area. ", "It was there that the defendant rented allegedly defective equipment to the plaintiff and failed to check and to adjust that equipment. ", "The injury was not due to ungroomed snow or exposed rocks or any condition on the slopes or trails under the control of the ski area operator. ", "Rather, the injury allegedly was the result of a transaction in the rental shop, not of a defect on the slope. ", "The rental shop is an area excluded from the purview of G.L.c. ", "143, § 71P, and thus the ninety-day notice requirement and the one-year statute of limitations do not apply.", "\nThe Legislature intended to separate the many functions of a ski area operator so as to focus on the business of operating ski slopes and trails. ", "The statute does not apply where the alleged negligent behavior occurs when the ski area operator is acting as a restaurateur, barkeeper, parking lot owner, souvenir vendor, or, as is the case here, rental agent. ", "For this reason, I would reverse the judgment of the Superior Court.", "\nNOTES\n[1] General Laws c. 143, § 71P (1986 ed.), ", "provides as follows: \"For the purposes of section seventy-one I to seventy-one R, inclusive, in any action brought against a ski area operator based on negligence, it shall be evidence of due care where the conduct of an operator has conformed with the provisions of this chapter or rules or regulations of the [recreational tramway] board made pursuant to section seventy-one J.\n\n\"No action shall be maintained against a ski area operator for injury to a skier unless as a condition precedent thereof the person so injured shall, within ninety days of the incident, give to such ski area operator notice, by registered mail, of the name and address of the person injured, the time, place and cause of the injury. ", "Failure to give the foregoing notice shall bar recovery, unless the court finds under the circumstances of the particular case that such ski area operator had actual knowledge of said injury or had a reasonable opportunity to learn of said injury within the ninety-day period, or was otherwise not substantially prejudiced by reason of not having been giving actual written notice of said injury within said period. ", "In a case where lack of written notice, actual knowledge, or a reasonable opportunity to obtain knowledge of any injury within said ninety-day period is alleged by such ski area operator, the burden of proving substantial prejudice shall be on the operator.", "\n\"An action to recover for such injury shall be brought within one year of the date of such injury.\"", "\n[2] General Laws c. 143, § 71N (1986 ed.), ", "provides as follows: \"A ski area operator shall: (1) whenever maintenance or snow-making equipment is being employed on any ski slope or trial open to the public, conspicuously place or cause to be placed, notice at or near the top of any ski slope or trail being maintained that such equipment is being so employed, and shall conspicuously indicate the location of any such equipment in a manner to afford skiers reasonable notice of the proximity of such equipment; (2) mark and identify all trail maintenance and emergency vehicles, including snowmobiles, and furnish such vehicles with flashing or rotating lights, which shall be operated during the time that said vehicles are in operation within the ski area; (3) with respect to the emergency use of vehicles within the ski area, including but not limited to uses for purposes of removing injured or stranded skiers, or performing emergency maintenance or repair work to slopes, trails or tramway equipment, not be required to post such signs as is required by clause (1), but shall be required to maintain such lightings equipment required by clause (2); (4) mark the location of any hydrants used in snow-making operations and located within or upon a slope or trail; (5) conspicuously place within the ski area, in such form, size and location as the board may require, and on the back of any lift ticket issued notice, in plain language, of the statute of limitations and notice period established in section seventy-one P; and (6) maintain a sign system on all buildings, recreational tramways, ski trails and slopes in accordance with rules and regulations promulgated by the board and shall be responsible for the maintenance and operation of ski areas under its control in a reasonably safe condition or manner; provided, however, that ski area operators shall not be liable for damages to persons or property, while skiing, which arise out of the risks inherent in the sport of skiing.\"", "\n[1] The statute provides in pertinent part: \"No action shall be maintained against a ski area operator for injury to a skier unless as a condition precedent thereof the person so injured shall, within ninety days of the incident, give to such ski area operator notice, by registered mail, of the name and address of the person injured, the time, place and cause of the injury. ", "Failure to give the foregoing notice shall bar recovery.... An action to recover for such injury shall be brought within one year of the date of such injury.\"", "\n" ]

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[ "tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-167596308123010800.post4222904704566618756..comments2010-10-11T21:32:07.518-07:00Comments on My general disapprovel of things and not: So, I guess I just made a blogbillythewonderhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07446151443740868925noreply@blogger.comBlogger5125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-167596308123010800.post-45360537201110916362010-10-04T10:55:47.347-07:002010-10-04T10:55:47.347-07:00check out siddharta by herman hesse, it really cha...check out siddharta by herman hesse, it really changed my mind!<br />also nothing new in the west (sorry i dont know the exact english title.. for me its &quot;im westen nichts neues&quot;mangohttps://www.blogger.com/profile/11799032263199010773noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-167596308123010800.post-18489609682093788772010-10-04T09:27:42.013-07:002010-10-04T09:27:42.013-07:00Congrats on the blog :)Congrats on the blog :)Saffirehttps://www.blogger.com/profile/02034469332434005970noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-167596308123010800.post-37332058051219376162010-10-04T08:43:19.314-07:002010-10-04T08:43:19.314-07:00Hope to see more posts from youHope to see more posts from youMax Steelhttps://www.blogger.com/profile/03136409339799025675noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-167596308123010800.post-57752684486019997052010-10-03T17:47:49.121-07:002010-10-03T17:47:49.121-07:00I love India too. ", "Hoping to go there one of these ...I love India too. ", "Hoping to go there one of these days. ", "I wish you the best of luck and can&#39;t wait to read more from you :DThe Paperhttps://www.blogger.com/profile/13965534956502476848noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-167596308123010800.post-48060558509252291342010-10-03T16:47:27.056-07:002010-10-03T16:47:27.056-07:00You want to be a PhD ? ", "Get practicing!You want to be a PhD ? ", "Get practicing!Distress_of_ignorancehttps://www.blogger.com/profile/04237356302684929976noreply@blogger.com" ]

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[ "Individual and strain differences in patterns of long-term persistence of urethane-induced sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) in mouse lymphocytes and their relation to carcinogen susceptibility.", "\nUsing an improved microculture method, we investigated how the patterns of persistence of urethane-induced SCEs in lymphocytes differ among individuals and strains of mice (the ddY and C57BL strains), and we attempted to speculate on their relationship to carcinogen susceptibility. ", "After a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) ", "injection of 900 mg/kg of body weight of urethane into ten female mice each for the two strains, blood samples for the SCE analysis were collected from the tail vein at ten times during the 180 posttreatment days for each individual. ", "Immediately after the treatment, SCE values increased to about three to four times the spontaneous values in all of the animals tested and then fell gradually. (", "The difference from spontaneous values was statistically significant until 120 days after the treatment.) ", "Even after 180 days, however, some \"outlier\" cells with exceptionally high SCEs (greater than 20) persisted. ", "Although there was some difference in average SCEs between the ddY and C57BL strains, the magnitude of the difference was too small to account for the difference between the strains in the incidence of urethane-induced malignancy. ", "Also, when autopsy data at the 200th posttreatment day were matched individually with the data of SCE values within each strain, it was difficult to predict the individual risk of the occurrence of lung adenoma or other tumors from the relative difference in SCE values." ]

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[ "It has hitherto been a general practice for the bearing device to have the model number, precision code, special requirement code and manufacturing lot number marked in the product itself or printed in a package thereof. ", "However, the contents that can be born in the bearing device and/or the package thereof are limited to the minimum.", "\nAs IC tags which are affixed to various products and which are compact in size and capable of recording a large amount of information therein, various IC tags for use in radio frequency identification (RFID) have hitherto been developed, which utilizes the RFID technology. (", "See, for example, the Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication No. ", "2002-298116.)", "\nHowever, the bearing identification information represented by the numbering conventionally marked in the packages containing bearing devices has a problem in that it tends to be lost or become illegible after the bearing device has been assembled. ", "The markings made in the respective bearing devices contain so small an amount of information marked, that individual identification of those bearing devices may not be possible to achieve.", "\nIn view of the foregoing, attempts have been made to affix an RFID-based IC tag capable of accommodating a large amount of information directly to each of the bearing devices. ", "Where the IC tag is to be fitted to a bearing device, a problem tends to occur, which is associated with absorption and reflection of radio waves in and from raceway members and, therefore, it is considered feasible to fit the IC tag to a sealing member rather than to the raceway member. ", "Specifically, since the RFID-based IC tag makes use of microwaves, mounting of the RFID-based IC tag on the bearing device makes it impossible for the RFID-based IC tag to be read out because during the information reading raceway members and so forth of the bearing device absorb the microwaves. ", "Although the IC tag itself is available, which is so designed as to be affixed directly to metallic components, such tag is expensive and bulky.", "\nHowever, even where the IC tag is fitted to the sealing member, the RFID-based IC tag having a heat resistance enough to withstand the environment of use of the bearing device must be provided with a member such as, for example, a sheath outside the IC tag. ", "On the other hand, if the antenna of the tag is in the form of a coil antenna, such antenna employs such a structure, in which a winding is spirally wound a number of turns in order to secure a longer distance of travel of radio waves, and the tag including such antenna therefore tends to have an increased size in respective directions widthwise and thicknesswise thereof. ", "In the case of the RFID-based IC tag for general use, an RFID-based IC tag of a size comparable with, for example, a single rice of rice has been developed at the sacrifice of the storage capacity, but the RFID-based IC tag particularly utilizable with the bearing device has no other way than to have a large size to a certain extent in order to secure the heat resistance and the longer distance of travel of radio waves. ", "With increase in size of the IC tag, the IC tag is required be solildly fixed to the sealing member." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nCorrelated sub-query on the same table with only one alias\n\nI have query which look like this\nSELECT *\nFROM my_table\nWHERE ... AND id IN (SELECT t2.id\n FROM my_table t2\n WHERE id = t2.id AND ... );\n\nI know in this example I could combine the two WHERE clauses and don't use a sub-query but this is not the point.", "\nThis query works perfectly on the DBMS I'm using (SQL Anywhere 16) but I'm wondering if the fact that id in the sub-query refers to my_table.id from the main query is a standard behavior or if I'm just lucky.", "\nLink or reference to an RFC or any official document appreciated :)\n\nA:\n\nNo, this is wrong. ", "The standard behaviour is that in WHERE id = ... in the subquery the id refers to the closest table in scope. ", "And that is t2. ", "It would refer to my_table in the external query only if t2 had no id column.", "\nYou are lucky though because the WHERE id = t2.id - which is translated as WHERE t2.id = t2.id is not actually needed because you used WHERE id IN (subquery). ", "If you had an EXISTS version, it wouldn't work as you expected.", "\nSo, the proper ways to write the query would be either prefix all column references:\nSELECT t1.*", "\nFROM my_table AS t1\nWHERE ... AND t1.id IN \n (SELECT t2.id\n FROM my_table t2\n WHERE --- t1.id = t2.id AND -- remove, we don't need this \n ... );\n\nOr be very careful and prefix only when needed:\nSELECT *\nFROM my_table AS t1\nWHERE ... AND id IN \n (SELECT id\n FROM my_table t2\n WHERE --- id = t2.id AND -- remove, we still don't need this \n ... );\n\nI would still prefer the EXISTS version for such queries:\nSELECT t1.*", "\nFROM my_table AS t1\nWHERE ... AND EXISTS\n (SELECT *\n FROM my_table t2\n WHERE t1.id = t2.id AND -- we do need \"t1\". ", "here\n ... );\n\nor (if you are always very careful):\nSELECT *\nFROM my_table AS t1\nWHERE ... AND EXISTS\n (SELECT *\n FROM my_table t2\n WHERE t1.id = id AND -- we need only the \"t1\". ", "here\n -- the second ref, = id is translated\n -- to: = t2.id\n ... );\n\n" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nComo diferenciar dados de duas tabelas com colunas de nomes iguais numa requisição SQL com JOIN?", "\n\nCombinei registro de duas tabelas usando JOIN, as duas tabelas têm algumas colunas com nomes iguais...Ao extrair dados com PHP como irei diferenciar ?", "\nExemplo :\nforeach($dados as $values){ \n echo $values['price']; \n}\n\nComo irei saber se o $values['price'] retorna price da table ps_product ou ps_product_attribute ?", "\n\nA:\n\nO SQL pode ficar:\nSELECT pa.reference AS pa_reference, pa.price AS pa_price, p.reference AS p_reference FROM ps_product_attribute INNER JOIN ps_product ON p.id_product = pa.id_product LIMIT 0, 30;\n\nDepois no php pode aceder:\n$values['pa_reference'];\n$values['p_reference'];\n$values['pa_price'];\n\nDesta maneira define um 'nome alternativo' das colunas para quando extraí os resultados\n\nA:\n\nComo o php não tipa os resultados colunas com o mesmo nome tem o apenas o valor da última. ", "A solução é adicionar uma alias para diferenciar e obter os valores.", "\nIsso pode ser feito de duas maneiras a primeira é adicionar a palavra chave AS após o nome original da coluna com o novo nome ou apenas adicionar o novo nome.", "\nMude:\nSELECT t1.campo1, t2.campo1 FROM t1 INNER JOIN t2 on t1.id = t2.id\n\nPara:\nSELECT t1.campo1, t2.campo1 AS novocampo FROM t1 INNER JOIN t2 on t1.id = t2.id\n\n" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nJSON - JavaScript get nested value\n\nLet's say I have this in JavaScript object taken from a Firebase query.", "\n{\n \"player\": {\n \"player:616320\": {\n \"skills\": {\n \"main\": {\n \"attack\": 1,\n \"defence\": 1\n }\n },\n \"uid\": \"player:616320\",\n \"username\": \"test1\",\n \"x\": 1,\n \"y\": 1\n }\n }\n}\n\nvar data = snap.val();\n\nI can do data.username to get test1... but how would I go further? ", "I tried searching JSON nesting and ... it was complicated.", "\nAnd snap.val() is the JSON object above. ", "How ould I get the attack from main?", "\n\nA:\n\nIn your case it would be:\nobj.player[\"player:616320\"].skills.main.attack\n\nWhere obj is the JSON object.", "\nIt's a tree where after the . ", "is the child like so: parent.child. ", "When there is a value that can't be represented normally you need to do parent[\"some-Value\"]. ", "\nIn your case it seems that playerData is actually the value of obj.player[\"player:616320\"] and not the entire JSON object. ", "In that case the same concept applies:\nplayerData.skills.main.attack\n\n" ]

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[ "# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+\n#\n# Copyright 2008 Extreme Engineering Solutions, Inc.\n# Copyright 2004 Freescale Semiconductor.", "\n# (C) Copyright 2001-2006\n# Wolfgang Denk, DENX Software Engineering, wd@denx.de.", "\n\nobj-y\t+= xpedite520x.o\nobj-y\t+= ddr.o\nobj-y\t+= law.o\nobj-y\t+= tlb.o\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

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[ "supernatural small armchair 4-pack\n\nsupernatural small armchair 4-pack\n\n\"This new stackable chair has a structure that is the result of an evolution, more than of a design process.\" ", "-Ross Lovegrove\n\nSupernatural is an important innovation in technology while introducing a design product that offers excellent value for the money. ", "Lovegrove suggests this chair \"represents a new vision of form, generated by digital data, resulting in a chair to be used every day, slender, lively and healthy. ", "The liquid, organic nature of its form combines the beauty of the human anatomy with the most advanced process of industrialization of 21st-century polymers\".", "\n\nThe Supernatural small armchair features perforations in the body. \"", "The perforations also have the purpose of adding a multi-sensory effect to the chairs when light passes over them to create shadows that enrich the space and thus offer the architectural surfaces unexpected levels of beauty\".", "\n\nBorn in Galles, Ross Lovegrove graduated at Manchester polytechnic in Industrial Design and received a master in Design at the Royal College of Art. ", "He worked as a designer for Frog Design on projects such as Walkman for Sony and Computers for Apple. ", "He later moved to Paris as a consultant for Knoll International and invited to join the Atelier de Nimes together with Jean Nouvel and Philippe Starck. ", "Lovegrove is winner of numerous international awards, his work has been extensively published and exhibited internationally.", "\n\nThe Supernatural small armchair is colorful, stackable (up to 4 chairs) and, thanks to the special material used, is fade resistant and suited for the outdoors. ", "Please note: natural shading of the material is more apparent in the black, compared to the other colors, which is to be considered normal.", "\n\nRoss Lovegrove studied design at Manchester Polytechnic and trained at the Royal College of Art in London. ", "He has contributed to the design of the Sony Walkman and Apple computers, been in-house designer for Knoll International in Paris, co-member of the Atelier de Nimes, and acted as a design consultant to Luis Vuitton, Cacharel, Dupont and Hermés. ", "In 1990, he created Studio X in London. ", "Lovegrove is inspired by forms of the natural world, the possibilities of new manufacturing techniques, and the ability to evoke an emotional response in users.", "\n\nAgostino Moroso, with his wife, Diana, founded the Moroso company in 1952 with an artisanal approach to making sofas, armchairs and furnishing accessories. ", "Their iconic designs have propelled them within the upholstered furniture market, with help from a long list of well known designers: Ron Arad, Patricia Urquiola, Ross Lovegrove, Konstantin Grcic, Alfredo Häberli, Toshiyuki Kita, Marcel Wanders and others. ", "Each piece maintains a noticeable Moroso style while representing other cultures as well. ", "Its international outlook has landed Moroso into the MoMA in New York, Le Palais de Tokyo, the Grand Palais in Paris." ]

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[ "Vienos minutės kalbos (Darbo tvarkos taisyklių 150 straipsnis) \nPirmininkas\nKitas klausimas - vienos minutės kalbos politiškai svarbiais klausimais.", "\nZuzana Roithová\n(CS) Pone pirmininke, dabar jau praėjo 19 mėnesių nuo tada, kai Kanada staiga ir vienašališkai nustatvizos reikalavimus Čekijos Respublikos piliečiams, tačiau jai, kaip ES narei, neleidžiama nustatyti abipusiško vizos reikalavimo visiems kanadiečiams. ", "Pirmininkas J. M. Barroso iškart pareiškė, kad tai Europos Sąjungos, o ne dvišalis klausimas, tačiau Komisijos narC. Malmström, deja, jo nesprendžia pirmumo tvarka, o tik pasyviai stebi dvišales derybas. ", "Reaguodama į mano kalbą Taryba pareiškė, kad Europos Sąjunga nesvarsto abipusiškumo, nes ji iš Komisijos narės dar negavo jokių pasiūlymų. ", "Todėl Čekijos piliečiai de facto yra antrarūšiai ES piliečiai, kalbant apie jų teises, todėl stebina tai, kad kanadiečiai toliau keliauja į Čekijos Respubliką be vizų.", "\nNorėčiau atkreipti dėmesį į tai, kad dėl Komisijos vangumo taip pat didėja rizika, kad Čekijos Respublika atidės Europos Sąjungos ir Kanados susitarimų ratifikavimą. ", "Nėra kitos galimybės ginti savo piliečių teisių, nes ES nespaudžia Kanados. ", "Todėl norėčiau kartu su jumis pareikalauti, kad Komisijos narnedelsdama spręstų klausimus su Kanada, taip pat gintų Rumuniją ir Bulgariją. ", "Ar bendra vizų politika ir solidarumo principas nebėra Europos vertybės? ", "Ar Komisijos naržino, kuo šiandien rizikuojama?", "\nPetru Constantin Luhan\n(RO) Pone pirmininke, psichotropinės ir psichoaktyvios medžiagos, kurios paprastai priklauso pilkajai teisės aktų leidybos zonai, turi daug kenksmingesnį poveikį negu šiuo metu žinomi narkotikai. ", "Su šiomis medžiagomis dažnai susiduriama Europos \"svajonių parduotuvėse\" ir jos vadinamos \"etnobotanikais\" - terminu, sugalvotu siekiant, kad prekyba narkotikais ir jų vartojimas atrodytų nekenksmingi.", "\nTokios šalys, kaip Lenkija, Izraelis, Švedija, Danija, JungtinKaralystir Vokietija, jau uždraudgana daug medžiagų, laikomų psichotropinėmis ir psichoaktyviomis. ", "Rinkoje esančias medžiagas, nors neįtrauktas į draudžiamų medžiagų sąrašą, labai sunku kontroliuoti, todėl medicinos darbuotojams neįmanoma suteikti paramos, nes naudojamų cheminių derinių reakcijos yra nežinomos. ", "Vienintelpriemonė, kurios galima imtis, - uždrausti šioms parduotuvėms vykdyti veiklą, paskui mums reikia siekti sustabdyti internetinę prekybą šiomis medžiagomis.", "\nAnni Podimata\n(EL) Pone pirmininke, dėl euro zonoje tebesitęsiančios krizės mes visi - Europos institucijos, valstybės narės ir politiniai lyderiai - buvome priversti atsakingai pažvelgti į savo atsakomybę. ", "Turime perimti iniciatyvą iš rinkų; turime integruotai ir įtikinamai reaguoti į krizę ir papildyti - ne pakeisti arba peržiūrėti - atsakomybę, kurią valstybės narės privalo prisiimti siekdamos vykdyti savo įsipareigojimus. ", "Šiomis aplinkybėmis populiarūs europiečiai, politinės partijos ir visuomensavo pareiškimuose ir Europos profesinės sąjungos įrodinėja, kad euroobligacijos gali atlikti svarbų vaidmenį įveikiant skolų krizę ir užtikrinant euro stabilumą.", "\nTodėl norėčiau pabrėžti, kad Tarybai reikia nedelsiant reaguoti į Europos Parlamento savo 2010 m. gruodžio 16 d. rezoliucijoje suformuluotą reikalavimą ir Europos Komisijai duoti aiškų ženklą, kad ji galėtų nuodugniai išnagrinėti šį klausimą ir pateikti konkrečius pasiūlymus.", "\nGraham Watson\nPone pirmininke, atsistojau tam, kad padaryčiau pareiškimą dėl šimtų tūkstančių oro transporto bendrovių keleivių padėties Europoje likus 10 dienų iki Kalėdų ir chaoso organizuojant jų ir jų bagažo vežimą į jų numatytas paskirties vietas. ", "Dėl mūsų oro transporto bendrovių ir mūsų oro uostų nesugebėjimo susitvarkyti su kelių centimetrų storio sniegu keliose valstybėse narėse transportas neįtikėtinai vėlavo ir sutriko, o keleiviai puolį neviltį.", "\nRaginu Parlamento Transporto ir turizmo komitetą, Europos Sąjungos Komisijos narį, atsakingą už transportą, Tarybos transporto ministrus atlikti sutrikimo tyrimą, pasirūpinti, kad būtų išvengta jo pasikartojimo, užtikrinti, kad būtų tinkamai kompensuota nukentėjusiems asmenims, ir išnagrinėti būsimą kompensavimo naštos pasidalijimą tarp oro transporto bendrovių ir kitų susijusių subjektų, pvz., ", "oro uostų veiklos vykdytojų.", "\nNeįprastą iškritusio sniego kiekį ir neįprastai žemą temperatūrą, kaip 2009 m. numatPotsdamo institutas, lėmArktikos ledynų tirpimas. ", "Tokie atvejai taps dažnesni. ", "Negalime jiems užkirsti kelio, kad ir kaip bandytume juos apriboti, tačiau galime - ir privalome - būti jiems pasirengę.", "\nRyszard Czarnecki\n(PL) Pone pirmininke, speciali komisija, tirianti Lenkijos lėktuvo sudužimo prie Rusijos Smolensko miesto praėjusių metų balandžio 10 d. priežastį, Maskvoje paskelbsavo ataskaitos išvadas. ", "Šioje katastrofoje žuvo Lenkijos Prezidentas kartu su kitais 96 keleiviais, įskaitant daugelį svarbiausių šalies žmonių. ", "Ši ataskaita neabejotinai yra skandalinga. ", "Joje apstu melo ir atsakomybuž katastrofą aiškiai perkeliama Lenkijos pusei, visiškai neatsižvelgiant į rimtas Rusijos pusės padarytas klaidas, pvz., ", "netinkamą būdą, kuriuo Smolensko kontrolės bokšto skrydžio vadovai valdlėktuvą jam leidžiantis. ", "Ataskaitoje Rusijos pusneatsižvelgį labai daug Lenkijos pastabų - 20 puslapių pastabų paprasčiausiai buvo nepaisoma. ", "Tai yra visiškai nepatenkinama padėtis, todėl Europos Sąjunga turėtų ją išnagrinėti.", "\nJoão Ferreira\n(PT) Pone pirmininke, 2010 m., kurie buvo paskelbti Europos kovos su skurdu ir socialine atskirtimi metais, baigėsi. ", "Tai buvo metai, kuriais Europos Sąjunga su precedento neturinčiu cinizmu ir veidmainyste įgyvendino politikos priemones ir gaires, dėl kurių, kaip šiandien galime matyti, gerokai padidėjo skurdas ir socialinatskirtis.", "\n2011 m. Portugalijos valstybės biudžetu, parengtu ir patvirtintu Europos Sąjungai darant didžiulį spaudimą ir pritariant, šalyje bus paskatintas ekonomikos nuosmukis bei visiška atžanga socialiniu lygmeniu ir kartu iki rekordinių aukštumų išaugs nedarbas ir plačiai paplis skurdas ir socialinatskirtis.", "\nPrie viso to prisideda nepriimtino masto spaudimas ir šantažas, kurį šalis patyrper pastarąsias kelias savaites ir kuriam čia griežtai prieštaraujame: vis labiau bauginančiam finansinio kapitalizmo ir jam tarnaujančių institucijų tonui siekiant šalį ir jos gyventojus priversti nusileisti ir sutikti su neteisingumu ir plėšikavimu bei sutikti su šalies išteklių nutekinimu į finansų kapitalistų pinigines.", "\nViena aišku: jeigu toliau eisime tuo keliu, galime tikėtis didžiulės kovos metų.", "\nAngelika Werthmann\nPone pirmininke, vadovaujantis Visuotinės žmogaus teisių deklaracijos 18 straipsniu ir Europos Sąjungos pagrindinių teisių chartijos 10 straipsniu buvau informuota, kad okupuoto Rizokarpaso miesto Šv. ", "Sinezijaus bažnyčioje vyko masinis religijos laisvės pažeidinėjimas.", "\nTurkijos remiamos vadinamosios valdžios institucijos nutrauksekmadienines pamaldas, motyvuodamos tuo, kad nebuvo pateiktas prašymas tą dieną laikyti mišias, nors, kaip teigia Kipro bažnyčia, tokio leidimo buvo paprašyta gruodžio mėn. ", "pradžioje, kaip buvo daroma pastaruosius 36 metus.", "\nPone pirmininke, primygtinai raginu jus imtis atitinkamų veiksmų siekiant užtikrinti religijos laisvę Europos Sąjungos valstybės narės žemėje.", "\nIoannis Kasoulides\nPone pirmininke, Kalėdų dieną Turkijos saugumo pajėgos okupuotos Kipro dalies Rizokarpaso mieste jėga nutraukKalėdų mišias, kuriose dalyvavo keletas čia likusių - pagyvenusių, - krikščionių, išvarkunigus iš bažnyčios ir liepparapijiečiams išeiti. ", "Dingstis buvo ta, kad jiems buvo duotas leidimas sekmadieninėms mišioms, o Kalėdos buvo šeštadienį.", "\nRaštiško leidimo mišioms laikyti prašymas savaime yra religijos laisvės ribojimas, o ką jau kalbėti apie Kalėdų dienos mišių nutraukimą nereikšminga biurokratine dingstimi - visa tai vyko Europos Sąjungos valstybėje narėje, siekiančios į ES įstoti šalies įsakymu.", "\nPagal Vienos susitarimą 12 000 Kipro graikų anklavo gyventojų, gyvenančių Karpazo pusiasalyje, po Turkijos invazijos buvo leista čia gyventi. ", "Šiandien jų yra 300. ", "Dabar suprantate, kodėl.", "\nAlf Svensson\n(SV) Pone pirmininke, manau, kad būtų ypač verta ES pradėti religinių grupių dialogą nuo aukščiausio lygio. ", "Norėčiau, kad ES pabandytų įtikinti Turkija surengti tokį dialogą savo šalyje. ", "Visi žinome, kaip su krikščionimis elgiamasi visame pasaulyje, - įvairiose Artimųjų Rytų vietose, su koptais Egipte, krikščionimis irakiečiais Irake ir t. t. Laikausi tvirtos nuomonės, kad negalime paprasčiausiai pranešti apie tai, klausytis apie tai ir stebėti, kaip tai vyksta; privalome daryti ką nors konkretaus.", "\nPirmas dalykas, kurį, mano supratimu, mums reikia padaryti, - pradėti dialogą. ", "Labai apsimokėtų, jei Turkija, paisydama ryšių stiprinimo dvasios, kuri, nepaisant nieko, manau, joje yra, sugebėtų surengti tokį dialogą savo šalyje. ", "Kalbama apie žydus, krikščionis ir musulmonus. ", "Pradėkime platų religinių grupių dialogą, globojamą ES.", "\nPhilippe Juvin\n(FR) Pone pirmininke, Irake ir Egipte krikščionys sako, kad jie iš tiesų kenčia. ", "Greitai, ponai ir ponios, žemėse, kuriose atsirado krikščionybė, nebeliks nvieno krikščionio. ", "Kaip jau buvo ką tik sakyta, Turkijoje, pasaulietinėje musulmonų šalyje, kuri beldžiasi į mūsų duris, prieš 100 metų 20 proc. ", "gyventojų buvo krikščionys; šiandien šis skaičius yra mažesnis nei 1 proc.", "\nDinamika, kurią matome, iš esmės yra banguojanti. ", "Arabų ir musulmonų pasaulis persekioja savo krikščionis, juos smerkia, kliudo jiems atsiversti, juos baudžia ir žudo. ", "Aiškiai matėme, kaip islamas tapo valstybine religija. ", "Šiuo atveju rezultatą mato kiekvienas - krikščionybyra pasaulyje labiausiai persekiojama religija.", "\nTačiau, ponios ir ponai, ginant Artimųjų Rytų krikščionis didėja tikimybė, kad vis daugiau nusvers islamo ekstremizmas. ", "Krikščionių buvimas visur yra balansą užtikrinantis veiksnys. ", "Todėl tikrai privalome juos ginti.", "\nTikrai noriu žinoti, ponai ir ponios, kur dingo žmogaus teisių gynėjai, kurie džiaugiasi, kaip ir mes, kad Vakarai yra pasaulietiški ir pliuralistiniai, ir kurie gėdingai nukreipia žvilgsnį nuo Artimųjų Rytų, po truputį paliekamų vienintelei religijai.", "\nFrédéric Daerden\n(FR) Pone pirmininke, ponios ir ponai, baigiantis 2010 m. Vengrijos vyriausybnusprendbaigti subsidijuoti mažiems vaikams skirtą institutą, kurį Budapešte įsteigE. Pikler.", "\nŠi Vengrijos mokslininkįsteigcentrą labai mažiems vaikams skirtiems moksliškai pagristiems metodams kurti. ", "Šių metodų veiksmingumas vaikų psichomotoriniam vystymuisi pripažintas tarptautiniu mastu. ", "Šiuo modeliu grindžiamos mažiems vaikams skirtos institucijos paplito visoje Europoje, įskaitant mano Belgijos miestą.", "\nGėda, kad Europos kovos su skurdu - ypač vaikų skurdu - metų pabaigoje Vengrija rodo tokį ženklą. ", "Žinant, kokia yra tarptautinE. Pikler instituto įtaka, ir tai, kad Vengrijos administracinės valdžios įstaigos pasaknorinčios, kad jis toliau veiktų, šis sprendimas yra nelauktas. ", "Todėl noriu žinoti, nors man nedaroma jokia įtaka, motyvus, kuriais grindžiamas šis Vengrijos vyriausybės sprendimas.", "\nRamon Tremosa i Balcells\nPone pirmininke, norėčiau išreikšti susirūpinimą dėl ES ir Maroko susitarimo. ", "Jeigu šis susitarimas liks toks, koks yra dabar, jis turės labai neigiamą poveikį Europos ir Viduržemio jūros regiono šalių žemės ūkio sektorių ateičiai.", "\nPrivalome atverti savo sienas ir susitarti kartu su Europos žemės ūkio sektoriais, o ne slapta nuo jų. ", "Komisija atliko tyrimus, kurie aiškiai rodo, kad ES ir Maroko susitarimas didžiausią neigiamą poveikį turės ES ir Viduržemio jūros regiono šalims.", "\nNeratifikuočiau šio susitarimo į jį neįtraukęs tam tikrų sąlygų, susijusių su darbo rinka, socialiniu aspektu ir Maroko aplinka. ", "Jeigu nieko nedarysime, būtent mūsų ūkininkavimo veiklos ir maisto grandinės pramonės sektoriai rizikuos patirti nesėkmę, ypač Europoje ir Viduržemio jūros regiono šalyse. ", "Tokie yra nuogąstavimai, kuriais šįvakar norėjau pasidalyti su jumis.", "\nConstance Le Grip\n(FR) Pone pirmininke, kaip ir keletas mano kolegų narių, norėjau atkreipti dėmesį į krikščionių persekiojimo visame pasaulyje, ypač jų persekiojimo Artimuosiuose Rytuose, problemą.", "\nMan nebūtina jums priminti neseniai įvykdytų siaubingų aktų. ", "Norėčiau dar kartą gana iškilmingai pareikšti, kad krikščionių gynimas Artimuosiuose Rytuose ir visame pasaulyje bei raginimas užtikrinti religijos laisvę ir įsitikinimų įvairovę reiškia raginimą užtikrinti laisvę, demokratiją ir žmogaus teises, kurios yra Europos projekto pagrindas ir kurios taip pat neabejotinai yra visuotinės vertybės - arba bent jau visi čia esantieji taip mano.", "\nIš tiesų dabar metas atsisakyti piktinimosi, emocijų ir iškilmingo pasmerkimo; laikas pereiti nuo žodžių prie darbų. ", "Todėl raginu Europos Sąjungos valdžios institucijas - ne tik vyriausiąją įgaliotinę užsienio reikalams ir saugumo politikai, bet ir visus mūsų lyderius ir užsienio reikalų ministrus, - imtis konkrečių priemonių ir įgyvendinti specifinių ir konkrečių veiksmų planą siekiant prioritetu padaryti religijų įvairovę ir kovą su visų formų religiniu persekiojimu.", "\nTamás Deutsch\n(HU) Pone pirmininke, ponios ir ponai, iki pastarojo gegužės mėnesio aštuonerius metus Vengrijoje valdžioje buvo socialistų ir liberalų koalicija. ", "Per tuos aštuonerius metus toliau silpnėjo demokratija, žmogaus teisių pažeidimai tapo įprasti ir buvo vis labiau varžoma spaudos laisvė. ", "Nei Europos socialistai, nei Europos liberalai nieko negalėjo apie tai pasakyti. ", "Pastarąjį gegužės mėn. ", "didžioji Vengrijos piliečių dauguma balsavo prieš šią socialistų ir liberalų vyriausybę ir Europoje precedento neturinčia rinkimuose pasiekta pergale didele balsų dauguma į valdžią išrinko partijos \"Fidesz\" ir krikščionių demokratų vyriausybę. ", "Praėjusių metų pabaigoje ši vyriausybpriėmnaują žiniasklaidos įstatymą, kuriuo užtikrinama spaudos laisvė. ", "Tokios yra aplinkybės, kuriomis Vengrija ir Vengrijos vyriausybė, šiuo metu pirmininkaujanti ES, yra nuožmiai puolamos. ", "Šie dvigubi standartai negali būti suderinami su Europos vertybėmis, todėl privalome kritikuoti tai.", "\nSergej Kozlík\n(SK) Pone pirmininke, prieš trejus metus Šengeno erdvbuvo išplėsta siekiant įtraukti naujas valstybes nares. ", "Tačiau senųjų ir naujųjų valstybių narių pasienio zonoje vis dar taikomos ribojamosios priemonės.", "\nPvz., ", "Rusovce ir Kittsee sienos kirtimo punktui, kuris yra greitkelio tarp Slovakijos ir Austrijos sienos kirtimo punktas, austrai taiko griežtą 30 km/val. ", "greičio apribojimą. ", "Be to, šis kirtimo punktas iki šiol yra smarkiai susiaurintas betonine užtvara.", "\nJokiu būdu nėra neįprasta šiame pasienio rajone pravažiuojančioms transporto priemonėms taikyti reguliarius greičio patikrinimus, taip pat dažnus policijos atliekamus dokumentų ir transporto priemonių bagažo patikrinimus.", "\nŠengeno narysttikrai reiškia laisvą žmonių ir prekių judėjimą. ", "Kad kerta ES valstybės narės sieną, asmuo turėtų pastebėti tik iš standartinės informacinės lentos. ", "Minėtas elgesys, nederantis Austrijai, yra Šengeno taisyklių pažeidimas, todėl Europos Komisija turėtų parengti principingą atsaką į tai.", "\nMarek Henryk Migalski\n(PL) Pone pirmininke, pirmesni kalbėtojai kalbėjo apie krikščionių diskriminavimą. ", "Aš taip pat norėčiau pakalbėti apie tam tikrą kai kurių Europos šalių smerkimo formą. ", "Per pastarąsias keletą savaičių, nuo pat Vengrijos pirmininkavimo ES pradžios, labai daug kritikos žodžių buvo pasakyta apie vengrus, tačiau dažnai šie žodžiai buvo nepagrįsti ir nepateisinami. ", "Deja, be Liuksemburgo užsienio reikalų ministro žodžių, kiti žodžiai, kurie taip pat buvo labai neteisingi ir kurie, manau, buvo įžeidžiantys vengrus, buvo pasakyti šio Parlamento politikų, įskaitant M. Schulzą, lūpomis. ", "Manau, kad tai yra tam tikro įsitikinimo, kad Europos Sąjungos valstybės narės skirstomos į \"geresniųjų\" ir \"blogesniųjų\" kategorijas, požymis. ", "Geresnės valstybės yra tos, kurios dabar joje yra ilgą laiką, o blogesnės yra tos, kurios joje yra tik nuo 2004 m.\nManau, kad reikia baigti tokią diskriminaciją ir kad visi turi priprasti prie to, kad naujosios valstybės narės yra visateisės Europos Sąjungos narės - tai visų pirma būtina padaryti šiame Parlamente. ", "Todėl norėčiau paprašyti, kad tie šioje posėdžių salėje esantys žmonės, kurie sau leidžia tokią diskriminaciją, būtų drausminami ir baudžiami.", "\nAlajos Mészáros\n(HU) Pone pirmininke, kartu su daugeliu kitų taip pat palankiai vertinu Vengrijos pirmininkavimą ES. ", "Mane užplūsta pasididžiavimas, kad ši Vidurio Europos valstybnaryra trečioji iš 2004 m. įstojusių valstybių, turėjusių galimybę atlikti šią garbingą ir atsakingą misiją. ", "Nėra abejonių, kad Vengrija visada buvo kovos dėl demokratijos priekinėse pozicijose. ", "Kam galėtų kada nors kilti abejonių dėl 1956, 1989 m. arba 2006 m. rudens? ", "Štai kodėl mane nepaprastai sukrėtneigiama kampanija, tam tikrų politinių jėgų pradėta prieš dabartinį ES Pirmininką, taip pat Vengrijos žiniasklaidos įstatymo dingstimi. ", "Visiškai akivaizdu, kad tai ne įstatymo klausimas, o politinių pralaimėtojų išpuolis. ", "Būtent jie bando sunaikinti suvienytos Europos dvasią. ", "Dėl Vengrijos žemėlapio, pavaizduoto ant kultūros istorijos kilimo, tenorėčiau pasakyti, kad tie, kurie negali pripažinti istorijos, taip pat negali aiškiai matyti ateities. ", "Kaip Prancūzijos, Vokietijos arba Lenkijos žmonės gali kalbėti apie savo tautų praeitį, taip ir Vengrijos žmonės gali tai daryti. ", "Manau, kad siekis diskredituoti mūsų pirmininkaujančią šalį yra neatsakingas ir pavojingas poelgis, ypač tuo metu, kai labiau nei kada nors anksčiau reikalingas kuo glaudesnis bendradarbiavimas.", "\nGeorgios Papanikolaou\n(EL) Pone pirmininke, ponios ir ponai, neteisėtiems imigrantams Graikija yra pagrindiniai vartai į visą Europą. ", "FRONTEX duomenimis, 90 proc. ", "į Europą atvykstančių neteisėtų imigrantų atvyksta per Graikiją.", "\nTodėl Graikija patiria didžiulę krizę dėl šios problemos. ", "Neseniai Graikijos vyriausybpaskelbapie savo ketinimą palei mūsų sieną su Turkija statyti tvorą. ", "Kai kas pats savęs klausia, ar tokio sprendimo, kaip padedančios spręsti šią problemą strategijos, pakanka. ", "Žinoma, jo nepakanka. ", "Kad ir kiek daug tvorų pastatytume, kad ir kokias pastangas dėtume, mums reikia visuotinės strategijos ir Europos valstybių solidarumo. ", "Jeigu norime sėkmingai pradėti, pirmas dalykas, kurį mums reikia padaryti, - šiais klausimais pradėti glaudų bendradarbiavimą su Turkija, kaip pagrindine kilmės šalimi.", "\nVis dar laukiame, kol bus pasirašytas ES ir Turkijos susitarimas. ", "Kaip visi žinome, kad susitarimas būtų sudarytas ir paskui būtų pradėta jį taikyti, prireiks nuo aštuoniolikos mėnesių iki dvejų metų; todėl iki to laiko taikykime dvišalį susitarimą, kuris nuo 2002 m. veikia su Graikija, kaip padarkitos pietuose esančios šalys siekdamos išspręsti problemą.", "\nCatherine Stihler\nPone pirmininke, kitą savaitę visame pasaulyje žmonės minės nacionalinio Škotijos poeto R. Burnso gimtadienį. ", "Kaip daugelis iš jūsų žino, svarbiausia R. Burnso vakarienės dalis buvo hagis.", "\nŠiuo metu JAV draudžiama importuoti škotišką hagį, tačiau kas trečias amerikietis tvirtina esąs kilęs iš Škotijos, todėl norėtų šiek tiek paragauti autentiško škotiško hagio. ", "Kokių veiksmų Komisija ir Taryba gali imtis per savo transatlantinius dialogus, kad škotišką hagį sugrąžintų ne tik į darbotvarkę, bet ir į valgiaraštį, kai kalbama apie tradicinę Amerikos škotų vakarienę, tokia kaip R. Burnso?", "\nSonia Alfano\n(IT) Pone pirmininke, ponai ir ponios, sausio 13 ir 14 d. \"Fiat\" gamykloje \"Mirafiori\" buvo surengtas referendumas, kuriame tiek darbininkų, tiek tarnautojų buvo paprašyta balsuoti už arba prieš Turine esančios gamyklos atgaivinimo planą.", "\nPlanas grindžiamas nauja kolektyvine sutartimi, kuria kėsinamasi į pagrindines darbuotojų teises, susijusias su liga ir streikų veiksmais, ir net į vidurdienio pertrauką aštuonias valandas darbint prie surinkimo linijos. ", "Šis referendumas yra neteisėtas, nes pagrindinis vykdomasis direktorius S. Marchionne darbuotojams grasino, kad atmetus sutartį verslas tikriausiai atsisakys gamybos Italijoje ir persikels kitur.", "\nNežaboto kapitalizmo baimės strategijai, kurioje neatsižvelgiama į taisykles ir teises, pritarvyriausybir net demokratų partijos, kurios šaknys yra Italijos komunistų partijoje, dauguma. ", "Vienintelės profesinės sąjungos, kurios priešinosi sutarčiai, buvo Italijos metalininkų federacija (FIOM) ir visuotinItalijos darbo konfederacija (CGIL), tačiau joms buvo neleista atstovauti profesinei sąjungai.", "\nŠiaip ar taip, vos 54 proc. ", "balsų referendumo tikslas buvo pasiektas. ", "Dėl šios sutarties darbuotų teisės Italijoje buvo sugrąžintos kelius dešimtmečius atgal. ", "Europa turėtų tai žinoti ir to nepamiršti.", "\nRodi Kratsa-Tsagaropoulou\n(EL) Pone pirmininke, norėčiau iškelti nerimą keliančios padėties Viduržemio jūros regiono šalyse partnerėse ir poveikio, kurį ši padėtis gali turėti mūsų santykiams ir regiono saugumui bei klestėjimui, klausimą.", "\nŠią popietę svarstėme didžiulius Tunise vykstančius pokyčius. ", "Magribo ir Mašreko šalyse kilo socialiniai neramumai, kartu Libane atsinaujino politinis nestabilumas ir neišeinama iš taikos proceso aklavietės. ", "Šiai padėčiai privalome skirti didelį dėmesį, nes Viduržemio jūros regiono šalys yra šalys partnerės, o ne tik kaimyninės šalys.", "\nGaliu jums priminti, kad nuo 1995 m. Tunisas gavo 1 mlrd. ", "EUR tiesioginės pagalbos, o ką jau kalbėti apie lengvatines paskolas iš Europos investicijų banko, ir kad dideles tiesioginės pagalbos sumas esame suplanavę skirti iki pat 2013 m.\nNorėčiau pateikti pasiūlymą. ", "Mums reikia daugiašalių diskusijų, kad galėtume kritiškai įvertinti savo santykius ir apsvarstyti perspektyvas bei procedūras, kurių mums reikia laikytis, todėl raginu vyriausiąją įgaliotinę pristatyti kompleksinį kaimynystės planą Viduržemio jūros šalių sąjungoje, kad su šiomis krizėmis būtų galima kovoti kartu su šalimis partnerėmis.", "\nJoe Higgins\nPone pirmininke, gruodžio mėn. ", "Komisijos Pirmininkas laišku man pranešė, kad jo praėjusių metų spalio mėn. ", "susitikimas su prezidentu N. Nazarbajevu turėtų padėti Kazachstane siekti pažangos žmogaus teisių srityje. ", "Tas pats buvo pasakyta apie teisės 2010 m. pirmininkauti ESBO ir gruodžio mėn. ", "Astanoje surengti svarbų ESBO aukščiausiojo lygio susitikimą suteikimą Kazachstanui. ", "Tačiau vos tik pasaulio lyderiai išvyko iš šio susitikimo, buvo paskelbta, kad kovo mėn. ", "bus surengtas referendumas siekiant atšaukti 2012 m. prezidento rinkimus ir taip N. Nazarbajevą palikti valdžioje iki 2020 m.\nBuvo suintensyvintas opozicijos spaudos ir žmogaus teisių gynėjų persekiojimas. ", "Puldinėjami ir sodinami į kalėjimą kairiosios pakraipos judėjimo \"Kazachstanas 2012\" aktyvistai.", "\nReikalauju, kad ES liautųsi skatinusi N. Nazarbajevo diktatūrą. ", "Būtina visapusiškai remti Kazachstano nepriklausomą profesinę sąjungą ir socialinius judėjimus, kad jie galėtų vadovauti mobilizacijai siekiant panaikinti šią diktatūrą - lygiai taip pat, kaip Tuniso liaudies valdžia panaikino Beno Alio diktatūrą, - ir sukurti struktūras, kurios padėtų Kazachstano turtus paversti demokratine daugumos nuosavybe.", "\nKrisztina Morvai\n(HU) (kalbėtojos mikrofonas buvo išjungtas, todėl sakinio pradžios nesigirdėjo) ...neeilinis Komisijos posėdis. ", "Tema galėjo būti tik Vengrijos žiniasklaidos įstatymas. ", "Negalėjau patikėti savo ausimis išgirdusi, kaip įtakingi Parlamento nariai socialistai ir liberalai reikalauja, kad ES pradėtų vadinamąsias šiurkščių pažeidimų nagrinėjimo procedūras - pačias griežčiausias galimas sankcijas - prieš šiuo metu ES pirmininkaujančią Vengriją. ", "Nei ši, nei kokia nors kita sankcija nebuvo skirta 2002-2010 m., kai Vengrijos socialistų ir liberalų režimas smurtu nutraukvisus iki vieno protestus, be ceremonijų įkalino šimtus žmonių, šaudkulkomis žmonėms į akis ir sunkiai juos sužeidė. ", "Jeigu po viso to Europos Sąjunga pradės pažeidimo procedūras prieš dabartinę Vengrijos vyriausybę ir valstybę, ji galutinai atvers akis tiems, kurie kada nors turėjo kokių nors iliuzijų dėl Europos Sąjungos požiūrio į Vengriją, todėl manau, kad vengrų tauta pareikalaus mūsų atsiskyrimo nuo Europos Sąjungos, taip pat bus kitų šalių, kurios paseks mūsų pavyzdžiu.", "\nAntigoni Papadopoulou\nPone pirmininke, taip pat norėčiau iškelti religinės laisvės užtikrinimo visiems be jokios diskriminacijos, nes tai yra pagrindinžmogaus teisė, klausimą.", "\nŠi žmogaus teismano šalyje buvo pažeista keliems krikščionims, dalyvavusiems Kalėdų mišiose, vykusiose okupuoto Rizokarpaso kaimo Šv. ", "Sinezijaus bažnyčioje.", "\nVadinamoji Turkijos okupacinio režimo policija įžengį bažnyčią, privertkunigą nutraukti Kalėdų pamaldas ir privertgraikų anklavui priklausančius kipriečius, dalyvavusius mišiose, palikti bažnyčią.", "\nEuropos Parlamentas privalo griežtai pasmerkti tokius veiksmus, kurie parodo Turkijos vykdomos šiaurinės Kipro dalies okupacijos atgrasumą ir despotiškumą ir kuriais pažeidžiama Europos teisir žmogaus teisės, taip pat 1975 m. Trečiasis Vienos susitarimas.", "\nES privalo sutrukdyti Turkijai ir jai pavaldžiai vietos administracijai okupuotoje Kipro dalyje daryti tokius pažeidimus ir tęsti likusių 300 Kipro graikų krikščionių etninį valymą.", "\nSeán Kelly\nPone pirmininke, direktyva dėl maisto papildų buvo patvirtinta 2002 m., tačiau, praėjus beveik devyneriems metams ji vis dar nėra iki galo įgyvendinta. ", "Komisija vis dar turi parengti pasiūlymą suderinti maksimalų vitaminų ir mineralų, kuriuos galima dėti į maisto papildus, kiekį, kaip reikalaujama direktyvoje. ", "Ši nesėkmreiškia, kad įmonės, siekdamos laikytis skirtingų nacionalinių įstatymų, turi sukurti daugybę produkto formulių. ", "Tai yra nesąžininga ir brangu, ypač tada, kai yra mokslinis maksimalių kiekių nustatymo modelis. ", "Pati Komisija tai citavo savo 2006 m. dokumente.", "\nTodėl kyla klausimas, kodėl pasiūlymas nebuvo parengtas? ", "Galbūt perfrazuosiu R. Burnsą, kurį kažkas ką tik minėjo: \"Geriausiai sukurpti mirtingųjų ir nekontroliuojamos Komisijos šutvės planai.\" ", "Reikia, kad tai būtų padaryta labai greitai, nes ES teisės aktas skirtas tam, kad standartizavus reikalavimus būtų sudarytos geresnės sąlygos įmonėms konkuruoti vidaus rinkoje. ", "Kuo greičiau tai bus padaryta, tuo geriau. ", "Raginu Komisiją paskubėti.", "\nIliana Ivanova\n(BG) Pone pirmininke, ponios ir ponai, Bulgarijos visuomenneseniai matkeletą publikacijų apie specialios sekimo įrangos, skirtos aukštas pareigas vyriausybėje einantiems žmonėms slapta klausytis, naudojimą. ", "Kas atskleidšią informaciją, iš kur ji atsirado ir ar ji yra teisinga, vis dar nežinoma ir niekas neprisiėmatsakomybės už jos paskelbimą.", "\nVyriausybės aiškiai pareikštas noras imtis pertvarkos ir kovoti su organizuotu nusikalstamumu, jos nenoras būti veikiamai ankstesnės valstybės saugumo tarnybos ir tai, kad šiais metas Bulgarijoje bus rengiami prezidento ir vietos rinkimai, buvo pretekstas pradėti šią kampaniją, dėl kurios kilo įtampa ir išplito nepasitikėjimas esančiais valdžioje asmenimis. ", "Vienintelės grupės, kurios buvo suinteresuotos tokia padėtimi, yra tos, kurios maitinosi ir turėjo naudos iš neryškaus skirtumo tarp nusikalstamumo ir valstybės. ", "Dabar jos siekia atkeršyti už savo pažeistus interesus.", "\nNorėčiau jus užtikrinti, kad Bulgarija valdoma pagal teisinės valstybės principus, kad tokius metodus valdžios institucijos taiko nepažeisdamos įstatymų ir kad valdančioji koalicija toliau žengs savo keliu į pertvarką ir neleis neteisėtiems suinteresuotiesiems sluoksniams pakenkti kovai su nusikalstamumu.", "\nStanimir Ilchev\n(BG) Pone pirmininke, pastaraisiais mėnesiais Bulgarijoje didėjo susirūpinimas dėl specialių sekimo metodų taikymo eskalavimo. ", "Tačiau yra ir kitas šios problemos aspektas: slaptas klausymasis tampa kai kurių politikų ir aukštesnio rango dabartinių specialiųjų tarnybų pareigūnų manija.", "\nNebuvo jokio kovos su nusikalstamumu veiksmingumo padidėjimo. ", "Tuo labiau yra nepriimtina klestinti paranoja dėl naudojimosi tokiu slaptu klausymusi. ", "Neaišku, kas yra šios bakchanalijos kurstytojai: ar tai yra saugumo sektoriaus lyderiai arba jų buvę kolegos, ar pogrindinės struktūros, kurių tikslas - destabilizuoti padėtį. ", "Žiniasklaidoje paslaptingai plinta įrašytų pokalbių turinys. ", "Viename iš įrašytų pokalbių minimas ir Bulgarijos ministras pirmininkas. ", "Turinys buvo diskredituojantis, tačiau, jo teigimu, suklastotas.", "\nBe šių precedento neturinčių faktų, bulgarai laikosi požiūrio, kad jų institucijos veikia netinkamai ir yra brutaliai pažeidžiamos žmogaus teisės. ", "Dėl šių priežasčių Bulgarijai, kaip naujai Europos Sąjungos narei, reikia padėti pertvarkyti savo specialiąsias tarnybas.", "\nPirmininkas\nŠio klausimo svarstymas baigtas.", "\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "EuroParl" }

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[ "== Searches related to Cheech e CHongs: ==03/01/2015 01:43:01News. ", "February 23 2015 The Impact of Big Money in the Marijuana Legalization Movement. ", "One indisputable fact is that big-money interests have now surfaced in a …Cheech & Chong are a Grammy Award –winning comedy duo consisting of Richard \"Cheech\" Marin and Tommy Chong who found a wide audience in the 1970s and …11/17/2007 · \"Cheech and Chong\" Original.", "Trailer[1978] \"Up in smoke\"Cheech & Chong è un duo comico composto da Richard \"Cheech\" Marin e Tommy Chong , che ebbe un periodo di notorietà a cavallo tra gli anni settanta e gli anni ...Buy Cheech & Chong tickets from the official Ticketmaster.com site. ", "Find Cheech & Chong schedule, reviews and photos.", "Cheech and Chong is the 1971 self-titled debut album of Cheech & Chong, produced by Lou Adler. ", "It features \"Dave\", one of their most famous routines.9/9/2006 · Cheech & Chong song mexiacan americansCheech and Chong may have turned into movie stars later in the '70's, but their best humour was on this classic album. ", "Stoner comedy has never been so hilarious as on ...Visit Amazon.com's Cheech & Chong Store to shop for Cheech & Chong albums (CD, MP3, Vinyl), concert tickets, and other Cheech & Chong-related products (DVDs, …Listen to music by Cheech & Chong on Pandora. ", "Discover new music you'll love, listen to free personalized radio.", "Cheech e CHongs" ]

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[ "Share All sharing options for: Google’s plan to take on Alexa: new features, new devices, and a Trojan horse\n\nToday, Google is showing off auto-translation on smart display speakers, letting you naturally talk to each other with the speaker acting as the translator automatically. ", "It has announced integrations with dozens of well-known brands. ", "It will put Google Assistant on millions more iPhones with a Trojan horse play: integrating it into Google Maps.", "\n\nGoogle is going big. ", "In an interview with The Verge, Manuel Bronstein, VP of product for Google Assistant, made the case that Google is building an entire ecosystem for Assistant that’s akin to the ecosystem it’s built for Android. ", "It’s a platform play, basically, just like Alexa. ", "And Google wants to ensure it’s everywhere.", "\n\nGoogle needs to do a lot to justify its massive presence at CES this year, and so it is announcing a ton of stuff. ", "There are new advanced features for Google Assistant, cute new gadgets that either feature it or work with it, and an aggressive new program to bring in more third-party companies. ", "It’s not quite the 70 products that Amazon announced at its September Alexa event, but it’s close.", "\n\nAt least a dozen announcements\n\nThough it won’t grab as many headlines as some of the other announcements, the most important thing Google is talking about today is Google Assistant Connect, a catch-all term for a set of capabilities for third-party developers. ", "It is the clearest sign yet that Google understands it’s behind on tools: Amazon makes it nearly plug-and-play for companies to build Alexa compatibility into their products. ", "You can read more about it, and the new E Ink display it enables, here.", "\n\nIt will be some time before we see any results from Google Assistant Connect, but the rest of the products and features Google is announcing will have a more immediate impact. ", "There’s a neat little alarm clock with Assistant, made by Lenovo. ", "It’s essentially a tiny version of the Google Home Hub, and, thankfully, it also doesn’t have a camera, so you’re more likely to be willing to put it in your bedroom.", "\n\nBut there’s a lot more. ", "Some of its third-party integrations include;\n\nThere are also a bunch of new software features, including:\n\nBoarding passes on Assistant\n\nA new Interpreter mode that translates automatically\n\nBetter auto-reply and punctuation when you reply to messages with your voice\n\nBaking Assistant into Google Maps (That’s the Trojan horse)\n\nAdding lock screen access to more Android devices\n\nI’m probably forgetting something\n\nYes, it’s a lot.", "\n\nThe new Interpreter mode is the splashiest of those software features, by far. ", "It’s a new auto-translation feature for the Google Home Hub, and it will be piloted at hotel desks. ", "Google has tried to make auto-translation in its Pixel Buds before, but on the Hub, it makes a bit more sense. ", "It works more naturally with fewer button presses, and we have a full hands-on with it here.", "\n\nGoogle is going so big at CES that it has even created an It’s a Small World-style ride (a literal ride) at its booth. ", "Here’s the 360-degree marketing video for it:\n\nGoogle Assistant as a platform\n\nWhy is Google doing so much at CES this year? ", "Partly because it was so successful with its massive presence last year, says Bronstein. “", "It’s an event where all of the major consumer electronics players are there,” he says. “", "It provides the opportunity to re-engage and restate our commitment to the industry.”", "\n\nSo Google wants to turn Assistant into a full-fledged platform. ", "It’s pretty easy to argue about what constitutes a computing “platform,” but by any reasonable metric, Assistant is there. ", "The install base for Assistant is large enough. ", "Yesterday, Google announced that it expected to hit a billion devices with Assistant by the end of the month. ", "And though Google doesn’t quite have the breadth of devices that Alexa does, it’s catching up: 10,000 different devices work with Assistant now, made by over 1,000 brands.", "\n\nGoing so big and splashy at CES is partly a way for Google to play catch-up with getting third-party companies on board. ", "Unlike Amazon, Google has taken a more hands-on approach with partners, which has inevitably slowed things down a bit. ", "Bronstein argues that it’s not about lock-in or preciousness, but caring about the final product. “", "If you see any carefulness,” he says, “it’s about consistency and great user experience. ", "It’s not about anything else. ", "We do care about scale.”", "\n\n“If you see any carefulness, it’s about consistency.”", "\n\n“We want to make it extremely easy for partners to integrate the product,” Bronstein says. “", "We also want to make sure that we deliver an amazing consumer experience.” ", "There’s a potential conflict between those two goals, and compared to Amazon, Google appears to be paying more attention to the latter than the former.", "\n\nBronstein believes Google is primed to really begin increasing the number of devices that include or work with Assistant more quickly now. ", "At the same time, Bronstein thinks that just comparing raw numbers isn’t the right way to think about it. “", "It’s not about how many skills or how many devices or whatever,” he argues. “", "We’re already operating at a scale, [and] the coverage is there.”", "\n\nBut how quickly that growth is happening is still an open question. ", "Take one of the nicest new Assistant features Google is announcing: flight check-in with Assistant. ", "When it comes time to check in, you’ll simply be able to tap a button on your lock screen, and you’ll run through all of those pre-flight baggage check-in and security questions right in Google’s interface. ", "At the end, you’ll have a boarding pass you can access quickly from Assistant and the lock screen.", "\n\nThat’s all well and good, but it’s only a (pardon the pun) pilot program with United for domestic flights. ", "Compare that to Wallet boarding passes on the iPhone, which are nearly ubiquitous.", "\n\nAnother curious delay: Google Assistant on Sonos. ", "Google and Sonos are recommitting to releasing it this year — noting that it’ll be available on the Sonos One and Sonos Beam, and older speakers will be updated to “work with” Assistant.", "\n\n“Whether a device will have a switchable assistant or not is something that the entire ecosystem is defining right now.”", "\n\nSonos integration was supposed to be last year, and though Bronstein didn’t specifically explain the delay, he did present the problem in an interesting context. “", "Whether a device will have a switchable assistant or not is something that the entire ecosystem is defining right now,” he says. ", "I think the key word there is “switchable.” ", "Where Amazon is happy to let multiple assistants stay active on a single device, Google apparently wants them to be “switchable.”", "\n\nThe Trojan horse: Assistant on iPhones via Google Maps\n\nIf you’re looking for a place where Google is going to lean into its strengths against Alexa, look no further than the car. ", "It’s one of Amazon’s main targets for 2019, but Google has a significant advantage: people are already used to using their phones for navigation in the car.", "\n\nBeyond Android Auto, partners like Anker are making little lighter plug-ins that work with Google Assistant. ", "A bigger deal, though, is that Google is going to bake Google Assistant into Google Maps. ", "It may not be able to convince iPhone users to install the Google Assistant app, but it has a huge install base for Maps. ", "Google says that Assistant in Maps will let you “share your ETA with friends and family, reply to text messages, play music and podcasts, and get information hands free.”", "\n\nWhat’s next for Google Assistant? ", "We’ll get more information about it coming to feature phones at Mobile World Congress this February. ", "More importantly, Google says it’s committed to ensuring it works more elegantly with more devices, improving the setup process and the overall user experience. ", "But like Amazon’s Dave Limp, Bronstein won’t cop to being in the middle of a platform war, per se. “", "It’s important to say this will not be a winner-take-all,” he argues.", "\n\nWhether you think it’s a platform war or not, Google is definitely fighting on a dozen different fronts." ]

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[ "\"We highly respect the vision of the Libra Association; however, eBay has made the decision to not move forward as a founding member,\" the company said in a statement. \"", "At this time, we are focused on rolling out eBay's managed payments experience for our customers.\"", "\n\n\"Stripe is supportive of projects that aim to make online commerce more accessible for people around the world,\" Stripe told the FT. \"", "Libra has this potential. ", "We will follow its progress closely and remain open to working with the Libra Association at a later stage.\"", "\n\nSoon after those two companies announced they were backing out of the Libra Association, the non-profit created to oversee the cryptocurrency, Mastercard and Visa followed suit. ", "The Libra Association is set to hold its first board meeting on Monday.", "\n\nAmong the \"founding members\" who are still a part of the group for the time being are Spotify, Uber and Lyft. ", "Engadget has contacted those companies for comment.", "\n\nNEW (recap): Stripe, Mastercard and eBay have all now left the Libra Association, Facebook's effort to build a global cryptocurrency. ", "PayPal left last week. ", "That makes 4 of the original 28 \"founding members\" out before the Charter was even signed — Kurt Wagner (@KurtWagner8) October 11, 2019 NEW: \"Visa has decided not to join the Libra Association at this time,\" the company tells CNBC.", "\n\n\n\nVisa is the fourth company to drop out today and the fifth total. ", "https://t.co/s9HM6vURDu — CNBC Now (@CNBCnow) October 11, 2019\n\n\"We are focused on moving forward and continuing to build a strong association of some of the world's leading enterprises, social impact organizations and other stakeholders to achieve a safe, transparent, and consumer-friendly implementation of a global payment system that breaks down financial barriers for billions of people,\" the Libra Association's policy and communication chief Dante Disparte told CNBC. \"", "We look forward to the inaugural Libra Association Council meeting in just 3 days and announcing the initial members of the Libra Association.\"", "\n\nFacebook announced the cryptocurrency and the Calibra digital wallet in June, and regulators quickly put it firmly under the microscope. ", "France and Germany have argued Libra should be banned in the European Union, while US, UK and EU regulators, as well as central banks, have sought more information about Libra's stability and its privacy implications.", "\n\nMeanwhile, Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg is set to testify before the Financial Services Committee about Libra later this month. ", "Democratic members of the committee drafted legislation in July to ban Facebook and other major tech companies from releasing their own cryptocurrencies.", "\n\nUpdate (4:35 PM ET): Added that Visa has left the Libra Association.", "\n\nUpdate (6:18 PM ET): Libra exec David Marcus tweeted about the departures, thanking Visa and Mastercard for \"sticking it out until the 11th hour.\" ", "He suggested these moves are temporary until there's \"regulatory clarity,\" and encouraged everyone to \"stay tuned for more very soon.\" ", "We will.", "\n\nI would caution against reading the fate of Libra into this update. ", "Of course, it's not great news in the short term, but in a way it's liberating. ", "Stay tuned for more very soon. ", "Change of this magnitude is hard. ", "You know you're on to something when so much pressure builds up. — ", "David Marcus (@davidmarcus) October 11, 2019\n\nUpdate (11:30 PM ET): Lyft told Engadget that it's still a Libra member." ]

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[ "Monday, March 30, 2015\n\nWhen\nthe peasants revolt, the rulers often lose their heads. ", "In the\nfictional land of Grusinia, the Governor Abashvili (Max Gordon Moore)\nand his wife Natella (Brenda Meaney) are swept up in the revolution and\nin the ensuing fire and confusion their infant Michael is abandoned and\nlost to them. ", "Thanks to the quick thinking and compassion of a palace\nkitchen maid Grusha (Shaunette Renee Wilson) who values life, rather\nthan Natella who puts her wardrobe above her son's well being, Michael\nis rescued and is taken on a journey of danger and risk.", "\n\nBertolt\nBrecht has penned this epic folk tale and courtesy of the Yale Repertory\nTheatre, you can be swept away in its all encompassing drama, in \"The\nCaucasian Chalk Circle,\" until Saturday, April 11 at the University\nTheatre, 222 York Street, New Haven.", "\n\nThe political regime in\nGrusinia is being toppled and the Governor loses everything, up to and\nincluding his head. ", "With appreciation to the ever present and singing\nnarrator/storyteller Azdak (Steven Skybell), we are privy to all the\naction, the disputes, the adventures, the conflicts, the battle of good\nversus evil and the struggle for justice. ", "This parable is long in the\ntelling, but filled with amazing scenic designs and unique special\neffects, courtesy of Chika Shimizu, that make the odyssey more\nenjoyable, like melting icicles and a perilous trek across a foot\nbridge.", "\n\nOne moment Grusha is being wooed by the friendly soldier\nSimon (Jonathan Majors) and the next she is putting her own life at risk\nas she flees with the infant Michael in tow, trying to find a safe\nplace for them to hide. ", "The blood thirsty Ironshirt soldiers are in\nswift pursuit. ", "All the turmoil has been set in motion by the Fat\nPrince, the Governor's brother, (Jesse J. Perez) who causes the coup.", "\n\nAfter\nGrusha protects her \"little burden,\" engaging in actions to unselfishly\nshield him, like marrying a man Yussep (Aubre Merrylees) on his death\nbed to give the baby a legitimate name, she finds herself in a court of\nlaw. ", "Natella has returned to claim her son and the vast estates that are\nnow his. ", "A large chalk circle is drawn to establish his true parentage\nand a crafty judge has the powers to sway the court's verdict.", "\n\nLiz\nDiamond directs this well crafted tale with hints of humor sprinkled\nthrough the life threatening action, with original music by David Lang, musical direction by Daniel\nSchlosberg, in this work translated by James and Tania Stern and W. H.\nAuden.", "\n\nFor tickets ($20-99), call the Yale /Repertory Theatre at 203-432-1234 or online at www.yalerep.org. ", "Performances are Tuesday to Saturday at 8 p.m., Saturday at 2 p.m. and occasional Wednesdays at 2 p.m.\n\nCome\nwitness the drama of young Michael (Kourtney Savage and Fred Thornley\nIV) being placed in the center of the chalk circle in a true King\nSolomon moment in time.", "\n\nCan you imagine life changing in one incredible moment in time, a moment\nthat will haunt for decades to come, coloring the future in black\nclouds of guilt? ", "For NFL Oakland Raider football star Frank Baker that\nfateful minute came during an exhibition game\nagainst the New England Patriots. ", "Baker's tackle of Lyle Turner, while\nperfectly legal, left both men's lives shattered. ", "Baker, then at the\ntop of his game, never recovered his fame and position and Turner was\nleft in a wheelchair for life.", "\n\nLet playwright David Robson place you firmly in the grips of this\npowerful drama as years after the tragic event Frank Baker is called\nupon to stand up and be a man and confront and apologize for his actions\non the football field in \"Playing the Assassin.\"", "\nTheaterWorks of Hartford will be squaring off in the intense drama until\nSunday, April 26.", "\n\nBased on a true incident that occurred in 1978 when Oakland Raider star\nJack Tatum tackled New England Patriot wide receiver Daryl Stingley with\nsuch force, Stingley never walked again. ", "Here the action picks up two\nand a half decades later when Frank Baker\nis given a golden opportunity: CBS wants him for a pre-Super Bowl\ninterview where, for the first time, he will confront Lyle Turner on\nair.", "\n\nAn eager-to-please young interviewer, Lewis, a calculating Garrett Lee\nHenricks, has a script in his head for this revelatory confrontation,\nHis agenda is personal and prophetic and he has no room for variations\nor changes when he encounters Baker, an imposing\nand impassioned Ezra Knight. ", "Baker has an agenda of his own: he wants a\nstadium full of money and a chance to gain his self respect and\nprofessional esteem back. ", "His brutal attack on the turf had earned him\nthe name \"The Assassin\" and he has been haunted\nby that encounter with Turner for seemingly forever, Now he believes\nhis life is finally changing for the better.", "\n\nTrapped in a hotel room, working out negotiations and contracts, these\ntwo strangers discover the parallels of their lives as secrets explode\nand revelations reverberate, Like a prize fighting match, the two\ncircle and weave, strike out and retreat, knowing\nonly one can be declared winner. ", "Director Joe Brancato keeps the action\nand tension taut and the violence brewing just below the surface.", "\n\nFor tickets ($50-65, senior Saturday matinee $35, student rush $15),\ncall TheaterWorks, 233 Pearl Street, Hartford at 860-527-7838 or online\nat www.theaterworkshartford.org.", "\nPerformances are Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday at 7:30 p.m., Friday\nand Saturday\nat 8 p.m. and Saturday and Sunday matinees at 2:30 p.m. Come early to\nview the dramatic photos of sports legends, players who changed the\ngame, in the art gallery upstairs, courtesy of The Hartford.", "\n\nGet swept into the devastating verbal and physical encounter between two\nmen determined to put the past at rest by whatever means at their\ndisposal.", "\n\nHow hard is it to find the right recipe for romance? ", "Just ask Giulia\nMelucci who has tried, unsuccessfully, for years to lure the right man\nfrom her culinary delights in her kitchen to the altogether different\npleasures of the bedroom. ", "Her meals are delicious and savory, often\nculled from her mother's Italian-American cookbook but while they\nsatisfy gastronomically, they fail to seal the deal that culminates in a\nwedding ring.", "\n\nThe charming and versatile Giulia is being brought\nto delectable life in the hands and hospitality of Maria Baratta as\nshe cooks up a fabulous feast right before your eyes in \"I Loved, I\nLost, I Made Spaghetti,\" a memoir by Giulia that has been cleverly\nadapted by Jacques Lamarre. ", "Seven Angels Theater in Waterbury will be\ncooking up a storm, with fresh pasta created from scratch, complete with\nantipasto, salad, bread and wine, for a lucky select few, right on\nstage, until Sunday, April 26.", "\n\nDon't come to the show hungry,\nunless you have a reservation at the nearest Italian restaurant close by\nright after the curtain falls. ", "All the action takes place in the\nkitchen while Giulia chats, easily and hysterically, about the men in\nher life, as she is preparing a complete meal. ", "We meet thegentlemen\nwho one by one broke bread with her and then proceeded to break her\nheart. ", "From the young Irish bloke Steve whom she met in college to the\nsmarter and more sophisticated Kit who wrote for the Atlantic Monthly to\nthe older and wiser Marcus, a cartoonist for the New Yorker, with his\nVespa scooter and Charles Nelson Reilly voice to Ethan, a musician,\nwriter and TV producer who loved food a lot but not Giulia as much. ", "She\neven gave her heart temporarily to a Scotsman who had problems with\ncommitment.", "\n\nAs Giulia, Baratta voices each of her potential\nsoul mates with astute accuracy and charm, all the while chatting with\nher mother by telephone, who wants to help and offer advice. ", "Using her\nculinary delights, her plan is to find true love over lasagna or\nrisotto. ", "For every bad dates she endures and wrong turn she makes, you\nwill root for her to find her one and only. ", "As she cooks, she tosses a\nlittle salt over her shoulder, but, so far, it hasn't brought her luck\nand rose petals.", "\n\nSemina De Laurentis directs this delightful show\nwith characteristic sweetness while Daniel Husvar's kitchen set is the\nperfect setting for all the steamy action.", "\n\nTwirl a forkful of flavorful and perfectly seasoned pasta as you contemplate the perils and pleasures of the\nNew York City dating scene, where you can starve or feast surrounded by a banquet\nof male offerings.", "\n\nMonday, March 23, 2015\n\nBy day, these dedicated troupers are\nteachers of third grade, special education, Spanish, math and reading,\nfull time students, IT specialists and managers, physical therapists,\nparents, a dentist and one professional dancer. ", "Under the direction and\nencouragement of Darlene Zoller, they all become professional dancers\nand the proof is in the pudding stirred to perfect confection in \"DIGITS\nDig It!,\" ", "a new show by the stop/time Dance Theater, the resident dance\ncompany of West Hartford's Playhouse on Park.", "\n\nUntil Sunday,\nMarch 29, this truly talented troupe will explode with energy and\nenthusiasm and Cheshire Cat grins as they perform this show conceived,\ndirected and choreographed by Ms. Zoller. ", "These dancers with a passion\nfor movement have willingly entered \"Darleneland\" and boy, do they have a\nlot of rhapsody and rhythm to show for it.", "\n\nWith a theme of\ndigits as fingers, Zoller originally collaborated with composer and\npianist Sean Pallatroni, bouncing musical ideas as \"a series of musical\npuns\" surrounding the number of things you can do with your hands.", "\nExploring the concept of one digit, two digits, three digits (well, you\nget the idea), the pair worked out songs and numbers that fit the\nconcept. ", "As Sean so quaintly put it, \"God, I hope this works.\"", "\n\nFortunately\nand fortuitously, work it does. ", "Beginning with one as the \"loneliest\nnumber that there ever was,\" we meet a solitary dancer, Spencer Pond,\nwho initially delights in having studio time all to himself. ", "He resents\nthe intrusion of other hoofers who disturb his privacy and he sends his\njazzy invaders scurrying away.", "\n\nThe two dozen ensuing numbers\ninclude an original words and music by Sean Pallatroni that serenades\nthe Great White Way, with Rick Fountain crooning \"King of Manhattan.\"", "\nVictoria Mooney strikes an apologetic pose in Cole Porter's deliciously\nirreverent \"Miss Otis Regrets\" about a woman who can't come to lunch\nbecause she has shot her lover and has been punished, permanently.", "\n\nFor tickets ($25-35), call Playhouse on Park,\n244 Park Road, West Hartford at 860-523-5900, ext. ", "10 or online at\nwww.playhouseonpark.org. ", "Performances are Wednesday and Thursday at\n7:30 p.m., Friday and Saturday at 8 p.m. and Sunday at 2 p.m. (with a\ntalk back with the cast).", "\n\nSo whether your \"life is just a bowl of\ncherries,\" way \"cool,\" or packed with \"uptown funk,\" let the stop/time\nDance Theater show off their spectacular moves and grooves, jazz hands\nand tap feet and all.", "\n\nBRYAN ANTHONY WITH THE NELSON RIDDLE ORCHESTRA\nWhether you raised a pint of green beer in tribute or donned a green\nshirt or tie, everyone is Irish on ST. ", "Paddy's Day and Elim Park in\nCheshire planted shamrocks and four leaf clovers in honor of the\nholiday. ", "With the rousing music and foot stomping tunes\nof The Kerry Boys, the rafters of Nelson Hall were raised a significant\nfoot or two on Friday, March 13 when these balladeers and troubadours\ngot the crowd singing and clapping about ramblers and gamblers, whiskey\nand rye, celebrating wakes and gals like sweet\nMolly Malone. ", "A wee bit of Scotland crept in with sentimental songs\nlike Danny Boy while tunes like Wild Rover practically had the audience\nlevitating with joy.", "\nIf you missed this rousing tribute to St. Patrick, never fear, there's\nlots more entertainment coming down the road, the high road and the low\nroad, and coming to Nelson Hall at Elim Park, 150 Cook Hill Road,\nCheshire for your listening pleasure. ", "Baby Boomers,\nit's your time for a musical salute when Squire and Louise come to\ncall. ", "On Saturday, March 28 at 2 p.m., the joint will be jumping with\nall the music, comedy and inspiration of the Boomer generation. ", "Relive\nthose grand old days with two folks who know all\nthe buttons to push and tunes to sing and jokes to tell to make these\nyears come alive once more.", "\nGet your entertainment calendar ready to mark the dates for Saturday,\nApril 11 at 2 p.m. or 7:30 p.m. when the Grand Ole Opry comes a\nknocking. ", "The Truck Stop Troubadours will open the country western song\nbook and let out all the timeless hits of that unique\npart of the globe. ", "A live band will jiggle and jive so fast that you'll\nliterally jump out of your seat as the rhythm gets your blood pumping\nand your hands clapping and your feet kicking.", "\nA change of pace will welcome Will and Anthony Nunziata, known\naffectionately as the singing brothers of Broadway, as they carry the\naudience From Broadway to Italy with a medley of hits that will\nstimulate your memories and have you crooning along with these\ntwo talented guys. ", "They combine comedy and conversation with tunes like\n\"O Sole Mio\" and \"Somewhere,\" bridging the musical gap from Broadway to\nthe land of their ancestors. ", "On Saturday, April 25 at 2 p.m. and 7:30\np.m., you'll find yourself sailing across\nthe pond in a bevy of brilliant musical magic and mirth that will\ntransport you to heaven and back.", "\nReady to dance on your toes? ", "Let the Connecticut Ballet sweep you away\non a glorious journey with Will Shakespeare as the famed dance troupe\npresents A Midsummer Night's Dream in all its color and splendor on\nSaturday, May 2 at 7:30 p.m. The Bard's classic\ncomedy of lovers sprinkled with fairy dust by a mischievous Puck and all\nthe misadventures that ensue is sure to delight audience members of all\nages. ", "This is the ninth full length ballet produced by the company,\nunder the leadership of Artistic Director Brett\nRaphael. ", "An added bonus, you can meet the dancers in the lobby after the\nshow.", "\nHold on to your felt hats because there's more as the essence of Ol'\nBlue Eyes comes to town with Bryan Anthony's smooth and elegant tribute\nto the man himself in Celebrating Sinatra: His Life in Music. ", "On\nSaturday, May 8 at 7:30 p.m. and again on Sunday, May\n9 at 2 p.m., you will be entertained by this super performer who will\ndelight you, with the Nelson Riddle Orchestra accompanying him. ", "He will\ncroon the tunes of Cole Porter, Hoagy Carmichael, Irving Berlin and\nSammy Cahn, to name drop a few. ", "The Great American\nSongbook will be ablaze with memorable hits from \"I've Got You Under My\nSkin\" to \"Night and Day\" to \"All the Way.\"", "\nFor tickets, call Nelson Hall at Elim Park at 203-699-5495 for prices and more information.", "\nEnjoy the variety of choices for a gala spring as Nelson Hall at Elim Park fills your dance and entertainment card.", "\n\nThis Mississippi gal taught\nherself a passel of musical instruments, was an all-star basketball\nplayer, a waitress, a receptionist, a barmaid, worked in a shoe factory\nand kept her hairdresser license renewed every year in case she ever\nneeded it as a profession. ", "Fortunately Tammy Wynette transformed herself\ninto \"The First Lady of Country Music\" and never looked back.", "\n\nTo\nget up close and personal with Miss Wynette, born Virginia Wynette Pugh\nin 1942, mosey on over to the Ivoryton Playhouse for a tasty morsel of\nmusic history with \"Stand By Your Man The Tammy Wynette Story\" playing\nuntil Sunday, April 5.", "\n\nTammy started singing early on at a\nMississippi radio show, raised by her mother, MeeMaw, a feisty Marcy\nMcGuigan, and marrying the first of her five husbands before she\ngraduated high school. ", "As a country western singer and songwriter, she\nnever knew about instant stardom, but advanced up the charts with such\nwinning tunes as \"Your Good Girl's Gonna Go Bad,\" \"D.I.V.O.R.C.E,\"\n\"Stand By Your Man,\" \"I Saw the Light,\" \"We Go Together,\" \"Did You Ever\"\nand \"I Still Believe in Fairytales.\" ", "She continued to record with her\nthird husband George Jones, a smooth crooning Ben Hope, long after their\nstormy divorce.", "\n\nThey were known as the King and Queen of Country\nMusic and they made beautiful music together until they didn't. ", "His\npredilection for alcohol and her addiction to pain pills, due to her\nmultiple surgeries, took a toll on their marriage. ", "Katie Barton's Tammy\ncaptures the spirit of this intrepid singer who fought to achieve\nstardom and to keep her daughters protected.", "\n\nMark St. Germain's\ninsightful musical provides glimpses into her complex, hard scrabble\nlife, one that follows step by step her circuitous route to the top of\nthe marquee. ", "There were a number of salty tears and no happily ever\nafters for this soulful star who struggles for every rung up on the\nsuccess ladder. ", "Her life is chronicled from her early beginnings with a\nperky young Tammy played by Lilly Tobin, and her relationships with the\nmany men in her life performed by Morgan Morse, Louis Tucci, Guy\n\"Fooch\" Fischetti, Jonathan Brown, Eric Scott Anthony and Sam Sherwood.", "\nAll the men also comprise one jive jumping band, under the musical\ndirection of David M. Lutken, that make each tune terrific. ", "This musical\nbiography of Miss Wynette is directed with spice by Sherry Lutken.", "\n\nFor\ntickets ($42, senior $37, student $20, children $15), call the Ivoryton\nPlayhouse, 103 Main Street, Ivortyon at 860-767-7318 or online at\nwww.ivorytonplayhouse.org. ", "Performances are Wednesday and Thursday at\n7:30 p.m., Friday and Saturday at 8 p.m. and Sunday at 2 p.m.\n\nCome\nwatch how the \"Love Bugs,\" Tammy and George Jones, are brought to\nglorious life by real life wife and husband Katie Barton and Ben Hope.", "\nThey'd love you to come by and say \"Howdy\" and sit and listen a spell.", "\n\nSunday, March 22, 2015\n\nWhat\ndo peanut shells and banana peels have to do with the movie \"Gone With\nThe Wind\"? ", "Those meager pickings are all producer David O. Selznick\nwould allow his \"kidnapped\" writer and director to eat, peanuts and\nbananas, while they solved a great conundrum: how to create a script of\nthe Margaret Mitchell book that was less than seven hours long.", "\n\nThe turbulence of the Civil War, an epic saga penned by\nMitchell, her one and only masterpiece, became \"Gone with the Wind.\"", "\nTranslating its 1037 pages of romance and drama in the old South into a\nfour hour film by David O. Selznick, producer, ended up being ranked number 4 on the\n100 Best American Films of All Time list of 1998. ", "But how it came to pass, against great odds, is a unique story all\non its own.", "\n\nTo be privy to the inside scoop of how the movie came\nto be written and splashed across the silver screen, ultimately to win\nten Academy Awards and be one of the highest grossing films of its time,\nhead over to the Connecticut Playmakers to see the frantic\nslapstick comedy \"Moonlight and Magnolias\" by Ron Hutchinson Friday,\nMarch 27 and Saturday, March 28 at 8 p.m. at First Congregational\nChurch, 108 Sound Beach Avenue, Old Greenwich.", "\n\nProducer David O. Selznick's career and reputation and future and fortune are all on the line. ", "Every day it is costing him $50,000\nto make a film that has no viable script. ", "Fraught with obstacles, the project\nto make \"Gone with the Wind\" is in tremendous trouble. ", "He finally has a\ncast, Vivien Leigh as his daunting and determined heroine Scarlett\nO'Hara and Clark Gable as the dashing and enigmatic Rhett Butler, but\nwithout a workable screenplay he has nothing.", "\n\nEvery script to\ndate is flawed, too long or not practical. ", "Atlanta has to burn, the\nConfederacy has to be defeated and Scarlett has to face surmounting\nproblems. ", "Selznick (Adam Auslander) implores his good friend the\njournalist Ben Hecht (David Pollard) to come to his rescue. ", "Hecht,\nwho has never even read the book, reluctantly agrees to try. ", "Locked in a\nroom for five days, with Selznick and his brand new director Victor\nFleming (Tim Cronin) acting out the plot, Hecht is forced to live on\npeanuts and bananas and produce a masterpiece. ", "How the trio survive\nwith the aid of the producer's faithful secretary Ms. Poppenghul (Tina\nD'Amato) is a comic circus, under the deft direction of Dan Friedman.", "\n\nFor\ntickets ($25), call the Connecticut Playmakers at 203-249-5419 or\nonline at www.ctplaymakers.org.", "\nPerformances are Friday and\nSaturday at 8 p.m. This is a cabaret setting, so bring goodies to share\nat your table. ", "Come witness this plucky Connecticut community theatre\ngroup that has produced 225 Broadway hits over its 67 year history in\nthe Greenwich area.", "\n\nMake your plans now to have \"Dinner with\nDisney\" that will take you on a musical journey of Disney songs for the\nlast 75 years. ", "Come hear tunes from such hits as \"The Lion King,\"\n\"Aladdin,\" \"Snow White,\" \"The Jungle Book,\" \"Frozen,\" \"Tarzan\" and\n\"Cinderella,\" to name a few. ", "Bring your kids and your dinner on Friday\nand Saturday, May 8 and 9, 15 and 16 and 22 and 23 at 8 p.m. and Sunday,\nMay 17 and 24 at 2 p.m.\n\nYou'll surely want to\nrent a DVD of this classic film once you witness the behind-the-scenes\nshenanigans that unbelievably led Ben Hecht, \"the Shakespeare of\nHollywood,\" to succeed where so many others before him had failed. ", "All\nDavid O. Selznick wants is one great movie before he dies and without\nbecoming a monkey's uncle he manages to pull off the trick of the\ncentury.", "\n\nMonday, March 16, 2015\n\nDo you have a young budding Neil Simon or Will Shakespeare living at\nyour home? ", "If so, maybe he or she is a finalist in the Hartford Stage's\nYoung Playwrights for Change Competition held during the month of\nJanuary in Hartford. ", "Three free workshops were conducted\nat the Hartford Stage Education Center, 942 Main Street, Hartford for\nmiddle schoolers from Connecticut and neighboring states of\nMassachusetts, Rhode Island, Vermont, New Hampshire and Maine.", "\n\nThe contest question was \"What is Family?\" ", "and students were encouraged\nto explore situations about single parents, biracial, adopted, gay and\nlesbian and blended families and their home life, 8-10 pages in length,\nand last 10 minutes on stage. ", "The top four\nplays will have a staged reading by Hartford Stage's Youth Studio and\nAdult Acting Classes. ", "The free performances will take place Saturday,\nMarch 21 at 2 p.m. at the Classical Magnet School, 85 Woodland Street,\nHartford.", "\n\nWinning top honors is Daniel Coppinger, an eighth grader at the Henry\nJames Memorial School in Simsbury. ", "His play, \"Who is My Family?\" ", "focuses\non a 13 year old boy from Korea being raised by a Caucasian mother and\nfather. ", "He questions where and how he belongs.", "\nCoppinger's entry will be included in an anthology with other regional\nwinners. ", "He used his own personal experiences as an adopted child to\ninform his play. ", "Although never having written a play before, he \"is\nhappy to know that my hard work has paid off.\"", "\n\nOther students from the Henry James Memorial School in Simsbury took\nhonors for second and third place, Kevin Kurian, an eighth grader, for\nhis play\nPromise\" and Lindsay Madigan, an eighth grader, for her play, \"Coming\nTogether.\" ", "Another eighth grader, Carter K. Brown, from the Sage Park\nMiddle School in Windsor, won an honorable mention for her play \"Sky\nBlu.\"", "\n\nThis is the second year of this national competition that encourages\nyoung students to develop their writing skills. ", "Ashley Baker, Resident\nTeaching Artist at Hartford Stage, coordinated this literary effort.", "\nCome and cheer on these enterprising youth as they\nexercise their growing talents as writers.", "\nPerhaps one day in the not so distant future the Hartford Stage will\nraise the curtain on one of their creative works as a world premiere.", "\n\nThe\ntwilight years are not the easiest time of life for many. ", "Parts we've\nalways counted on, like legs and eyes and ears, don't always work the\nway we want them to function. ", "Memories dating back decades or mere\nminutes become problematic. ", "We enter a room with a specific motive or\ngoal in mind and can't remember it worth a fig. ", "For Ethel and Norman\nThayer, their summer home in New England has been a refuge and source of\ncomfort for almost five decades. ", "They've raised their daughter Chelsea\nthere and delighted in watching the seasons evolve.", "\n\nNow the\nThayers are changing quicker than the summer skies. ", "In Ernest\nThompson's poignantly simple and bittersweet love story \"On Golden\nPond,\" we find ourselves enscounced in lawn chairs at that summer house,\nlistening to the loons on the lake, and enjoying the tart-tinged\nsquabbles that pop up between the pair thanks to Darien Arts Center\nStage weekends until Sunday, March 22.", "\n\nThe years are creeping up\non Norman. ", "He will soon celebrate his eighth year while Ethel is a spry\nseventy. ", "The sharp minded professor who taught English at the\nUniversity of Pennsylvania is now experiencing bouts of forgetfulness.", "\nHow many more years will he be able to make this annual summer\npilgrimage? ", "Affectionately called an old poop by Ethel, a sincerely\ncaring Nancy Sinacori, Will Jeffries' Norman is sure this will be his\nlast summer on the lake. ", "Their wonderful banter and bickering is\ndelightful to be witness to as they repeat the traditions that have made\nthe lake so significant in their married lives. ", "David Eger's\ncomfortable cottage set adds to the ambiance as does the happy chirping\nof birds and calls of the loons.", "\n\nDaughter\nChelsea, a vibrant Kitty Robertson, sweeps into the cottage with her\ndentist fiance Bill, a straight arrow Eric Dino, in tow, as well as his\nteenage son Billy, a chipper kid who is ready for new adventures.", "\nChelsea and Bill have one foot on the departure gate to Europe and want\nthe older folks to babysit Billy for the duration. ", "The rocky\nrelationship between Norman and his uninvited house guest mellow in a\nfishing boat on Golden Pond as well as through books that Norman brings\nto Billy's interest and attention.", "\n\nIn a strange way, Norman and\nBilly pave the way for years of conflict to be resolved between father\nand daughter, as they forgive and forget and make amends for past\ndifficulties and disappointments. ", "Will Jeffries leads this talented cast\nas the fixed in his ways Norman who often favors fish over humans.", "\nPatrick Kiley directs this gentle tale with a tender hand. ", "An extra dose\nof down home Maine humor is provided by David Jackins as Charlie, long\ntime admirer of Chelsea and loyal post office delivery man. ", "Holy Mackinoli!", "\n\nFor\ntickets ($20), call the Darien Arts Center Stage, 2 Renshaw Road,\nDarien (exit 11 off I-95, behind the Darien Town Hall) at 203-655-5414\nor online at www.darienarts.org. ", "Performances are Friday and Saturday at\n8 p.m. and Sunday at 2 p.m.\n\nLet this lovely waltz of a play lure\nyou in and catch your heartstrings as Norman and Ethel continue the\ndance steps they have perfected over the decades, even if they\noccasionally miss a beat or two.", "\n\nThursday, March 12, 2015\n\nThe future of a boy is in question. ", "The fate of a priest is under\nscrutiny. ", "The certainty of an accusing nun is startlingly evident. ", "All\nof these are judge and jury in New Haven Theater Company's current\noffering, John Patrick Shanley's involving drama \"Doubt\" playing\nThursday to Saturday this week at their new home, the English Building\nMarkets.", "\n\nWhat is not in doubt is the sincerity and enthusiasm of the New Haven Theater Company.", "\n\nThrough\nmany iterations of this plucky group since it was founded in the 1990's\nby T. Paul Lowry, the NHTC has changed and modified itself to\naccommodate its members. ", "Now fifteen members strong and numbering\nentrepreneurs (at least two), an arts administrator, a lawyer, a retired\nreading teacher, a scientist, marketing managers, a current teacher and\na former professional actor, the present version has strengthened and\nsolidified its structure over the last six years.", "\n\nOnce T. Paul\nLowry left New Haven for Chicago, the initial group was forced to\nreinvent itself. ", "According to Peter Chenot, one of those original\nmembers, by 2009 \"we have assembled a team that has stayed intact. ", "It's\na labor of love. ", "The people involved in NHTC respect and love each\nother a lot. ", "They bring their own life experiences to the process.\"", "\nPeter has just accepted a new position with Westport Country Playhouse\nand he and his wife Megan are intimately involved with the day-to-day\nfunctionings of the group.", "\n\nEveryone by necessity wears a variety\nof hats, like the director of \"Doubt\" George Kulp and his star nun,\nMargaret Mann as Sister Aloysius, who found themselves painting the\nfloor of the stage on Tuesday night, preparing it for the debut\nperformance last Thursday.", "\n\nWhile NHTC has a history of being a\nsite-specific theater, moving the performances to a space that fits with\nthe play's action, like office and real estate buildings and banks, it\nis delighted to have a new place to call home. ", "Thanks to the generosity\nof Carol and Robert Orr, the English Building Markets at 839 Chapel\nStreet, New Haven is its intimate location. ", "It's not often you can walk\nthrough a cluttered consignment shoppe, past china, furniture, artwork\nand jewelry, past racks of vintage clothing and shoes and discover a\nsmall forty seat theater in the back. ", "A bonus is you get to window shop\nbefore and after the show and maybe take home a new bauble or bead.", "\n\nOne\nof the most amazing facts about NHTC, according to Steve Scarpa, whose\nday job is as Director of Marketing and Communications at Long Wharf\nTheatre, is \"there are no egos here. ", "We are 15 equals from all walks of\nlife and we work together with great trust. ", "We get to try all avenues\nof theater life, like designing and writing. ", "We really engage with the\nshow we are doing to create the perfect format for what we want to do.\"", "\n\nWith\n\"Doubt,\" the suggestion to do it was made by Steve and put forth for a\ngroup discussion, with ways to approach it discussed and by democratic\nprocess it was voted to do it. ", "The fact that Scarpa was an altar boy in\nhis youth and was now going to play Father Flynn was just an added\nbonus. \"", "Doubt\" focuses on Father Flynn and whether or not he is guilty\nof an inappropriate relationship with Donald Muller, a 12 year old, the\nfirst African- American boy who has ever been admitted to St. Nicholas\nSchool. ", "The time is 1964.", "\n\nMargaret Mann's Sister Aloysius is\nstern, pious and unbending as the principal whom all the students fear.", "\nShe cautions the naive and eager-to-please Sister James, a sweet and\ninnocent Mallory Pellegrino, that she needs more starch in her spine.", "\nShe urges Sister James to spy on Father Flynn and confirm her\nconvictions. ", "As she states unequivocally, \"I will bring him down.\" ", "Her\nvigilance is her guardian. ", "After all, Father Flynn writes with a ball\npoint pen, has long finger nails, takes three sugars in his tea and\nlikes Frosty the Snowman. ", "These are all evidence of his guilt. ", "She\neven seeks the counsel of Donald's mother, a concerned and caring Aleta\nStaton, to stand with her in her judgmental accusations.", "\n\nAs for\nwhether or not Father Flynn is guilty or innocent, the playwright leaves\nthe question open for personal interpretation. ", "Early on in the\nrehearsal process, director George Kulp met with his Father Flynn, Steve\nScarpa, and they discussed \"how to approach his part and what it was\nabout.\" ", "They refused, however, to discuss it with me. ", "If you see\n\"Doubt,\" you'll have to decide on your own.", "\n\nNext up in May is a\nnew play \"The Cult\" by the company's resident playwright Drew Gray. ", "He\ndescribes it as \"a comedy about a young man with a regular office job\nwho happens to run a cult in his off hours. ", "It's humane, unique and\nfunny.\" ", "Other members of NHTC include Donna Glen, Erich Greene (stage\nmanager for \"Doubt\"), Ally Kaechele (board operator for \"Doubt\"), Deena\nNicol, Christian Shaboo, J. Kevin Smith and John Watson.", "\n\nIn the\nfinal tally, what has never been in doubt, clearly, is the fact that\nNHTC's goal is to put on a really good show and earn enough money to pay\nthe rent...to produce excellent theater for theater's sake and to have\nfun in the process.", "\n\nMonday, March 9, 2015\n\nWhat could be more entertaining than watching a cable access television\nshow \"Baking with Babcha?\" ", "So what if Babcha rambles with a Russian\naccent and has a strong affinity for her liquid cooking ingredients like\nvodka and bourbon? ", "Her borscht and cabbage\nrolls are to die for. ", "With her son Stephen as her enthusiastic\nproducer, it's a downright shame Babcha is being cancelled.", "\n\nYou're invited to be in the audience for that final broadcast as\nConnecticut Cabaret Theatre presents \"The Kitchen Witches\" by Caroline\nSmith weekends until Saturday, April 11. ", "You never know what might\nhappen. ", "It's live television after all. ", "Babcha, who\nis really Dolly Biddle, just might have her Last Ukranian Supper\ninterrupted by her mortal enemy and rival chef Isobel Lomax, better\nknown as Izzy to her friends.", "\n\nThese ladies duel with ladles, rolling pins and wooden spoons at thirty\npaces when Izzy shows up uninvited in Dolly's television kitchen. ", "The\ntwo exchange verbal volleys of insults that have been brewing over three\ndecades of enmity. ", "It seems Izzy stole Dolly's\nhusband Larry and showed him a lot of her secret family recipes.", "\n\nFortunately or not, their cutthroat antics on camera excite the show's\nproducers as well as the viewing audience and soon the two rivals find\nthemselves sharing a ceramic cooking counter on air. ", "They are quickly\nsabotaging each other's concoctions, fighting\nover dressing rooms and playing one upsmanship on stage. ", "Poor Stephen,\nan infinitely patient James J. Moran, is caught in the crossfire.", "\nKristin Ceneviva is terrific as the tippling diva Dolly while Barbara\nHoran's Isobel is great as she plans to whisk her\nway to the top of the meringue any way she can. ", "Linda Kelly enters and\nexits with an applause sign with aplomb. ", "Director Kris McMurray plays\nhead chef with culinary and comic skills.", "\n\nFor tickets ($30), call CT Cabaret Theatre, 31-33 Webster Square Road, Berlin at 860-829-1248 or online at www.ctcabaret.com. ", "Performances are Friday and Saturday at 8 p.m., with doors opening at 7:15\np.m. Desserts and drinks are available at the concession stand or bring your own goodies.", "\n\nSpices can be sweet, salty or savory but with Dolly and Izzy they can be\nall three as these long term rivals set their cooking show \"The Kitchen\nWitches\" on fire with flames of fun and frivolous frivolity.", "\n\nSunday, March 8, 2015\n\nChoices\nand opportunities are abundant for many and , unfortunately, sparse for\nothers. ", "Seeing possibilities is an excellent first step in finding\nyour way forward and upward. ", "Where you are born, with or without that\nsilver spoon, can influence your future, encouraging or limiting your\noptions.", "\n\nJust ask Margaret Walsh, a scrappy and feisty graduate\nof \"Southie,\" the South Boston's Lower End, who can't escape her\nbirthplace no matter how hard she struggles. ", "In David Lindsay-Abaire's\nsteel boned 2011 play \"Good People,\" he allows us to see Margie, warts\nand all, as she valiantly tries to make a better life for herself and\nfor her adult disabled daughter Joyce. ", "The Square One Theatre Company\nwill present this play weekends until Saturday, March 21.", "\n\nThe\nstars have seemingly all aligned against Margie, beautifully captured in\nJanet Rathert's capable hands. ", "The blue collar Boston neighborhood\nMargie calls home has plotted and conspired to hold her down. ", "Never\nhaving finished high school, because of an unwanted pregnancy, this\nsingle mom has limited resources and even those are in danger of drying\nup.", "\n\nAs a cashier in a Dollar Store, she relies on her friends\nJean (Danielle Sultini) and Dottie (Alice McMahon) for moral support.", "\nDottie also babysits because Joyce can't be left alone. ", "Now, her too\nfrequent tardinesses have caused her boss Stevie (Darius James Copland)\nto fire her. ", "Her salary, although barely minimum wage, has been keeping\na roof over her head, as Dottie is also her landlord.", "\n\nHomelessness is soon added to her list of terrors.", "\n\nJust\nwhen the day seems darkest, her friend Jean tells Margie she has just\nbumped into their old Southie pal Mike (Brian Michael Riley) at a\nfundraising event and he is now a successful doctor. ", "Maybe Mike will be\nMargie's knight in shining armor and rescue her with a job. ", "After all,\nthe two dated for a few months back in high school days. ", "Their history\nshould count for something.", "\n\nWatch how Margie tries to make Mike\nand his new wife, a lovely African-American Kate (Jessica Myers), hand\nher a winning lottery ticket. ", "Can she force them to change her luck?", "\nDoes Mike owe her anything from the past? ", "Can Margie use sabotage and\nblackmail to manipulate the odds to her advantage? ", "Will the fact that\nMike always was \"good people\" work in her favor? ", "Tom Holehan directs\nthis dark comedy that will tug on your heartstrings as you alternately\napplaud and cringe at Margie's tactics, as she risks everything for a\nnew beginning.", "\n\nFor tickets ($20, students and seniors $19), call\nSquare One Theatre Company, 2422 Main Street, Stratford at 203-375-8778\nor online at www.squareonetheatre.com. ", "Performances are Fridays at 8 p.m., Saturdays at 8 p.m. and Sunday at 2 p.m. with an additional\n\nThursday, March 5, 2015\n\nNow\nthat the Oscars have all been given out, it's time to turn your movie\nloving mind to a new flavor and genre. ", "Luckily the Jewish Film\nFestival is poised to fill that gap in your entertainment schedule.", "\nStart buttering your popcorn so you'll be be ready to go from Thursday,\nMarch 12 to Sunday, March 22 as the Jewish Film Festival presents 19 new\nhits for your viewing pleasure. ", "Hailing from ten countries like\nFrance, Belgium, Israel, Germany, America, the Czech Republic and\nCanada, the films will be screened at 7 venues across Hartford and West\nHartford. ", "Many of the offerings are making their Connecticut or east\ncoast premieres and many are tied to special events like dinners and\nbreakfasts and opportunities to hear and see authors, filmmakers,\nacademics and performers.", "\n\nAccording to Harriet Dobin, the\nDirector of the Mandell Jewish Community Center Jewish Film Festival,\nthis is the 19th year of the Festival and over 5000 people are expected\nto attend, and not just a Jewish audience. ", "The films are timely and\nrelevant for a broad gathering. ", "The festival began with an initial\ncollaboration between the Mandell JCC, the Wadsworth Atheneum Museum of\nArt and Trinity College. ", "Each year up to 100 full length features,\nshorts and documentaries are submitted from all over the world and first\nMs. Dobin and then a committee selects the final listing.", "\nApproximately 150 comparable Jewish Film Festivals are held in the USA,\nCanada and across the globe.", "\n\nAs Harriet Dobin explains it, \"At\none time this festival was just FOR the Jewish community. ", "We've evolved\nand placed great emphasis on becoming a festival ABOUT Jews. ", "We branch\nout into commercial theaters like Bow Tie Cinemas Blue Back Square,\nSpotlight Theatres and Bow Tie Cinemas Palace 17, the new Infinity Music\nHall and Bistro, as well as our own theater at the Mandell JCC, the\nHerbert Gilman Theater, and two synagogues, Emanuel Synagogue and Beth\nEl Temple. ", "We have a very demanding audience who have come to expect\nonly the most superb films. ", "We're part of a great big world and that's\nwhat we want the festival to reflect.\"", "\n\nThe event will begin with a\nmusical tribute to Sophie Tucker, a native daughter known for her\nbooming voice, her contributions for six decades to musical theater and\nas \"the Last of the Red Hot Mamas.\" ", "Hartford's new Infinity Music Hall\nand Bistro will host the grand opening, a 5:30 p.m. dinner reception and\n7:30 p.m. Live Cabaret featuring the winner of a Sophie Tucker singing\ncontest, Colleen Welsh, from the Hartt School, University of Hartford,\nperforming with her pianist Paul Feyer. ", "The new film \"The Outrageous\nSophie Tucker\" will tell the tale of the woman who paved the way for so\nmany other stars, from her start in her family's small kosher restaurant\nto performing in burlesque, films and television, for presidents and\neven for royalty in England. ", "The film and performance will be open\ncaptioned for the deaf and hearing impaired in the community.", "\n\nFilmmakers\nand authors Susan and Lloyd Ecker will give a Reel Talk, about their\nexperiences producing the movie, over dessert. ", "On the couple's first\ndate back in 1973, they attended a Bette Midler concert where she shared\nstories about Sophie Tucker on stage. ", "That sent the Ecker's on an\nodyssey to research Tucker and learn about her life and career through\n400 scrapbooks and countless interviews over an eight year period.", "\nTickets are $75 and boas and bows, sparkles and spangles are the\noptional Roaring Twenties fun attire. ", "If you can't make the grand\nevening, on Friday, March 13 at 10 a.m, there will be a Talking Tucker\nbrunch (no film) at the Mandell JCC, $20, as well as on the festival's\nlast day, a film showing on Sunday, March 22 at noon at the Mandell JCC,\nwith tickets $12 in advance and $15 at the door. ", "Call 860-231-6316 or\ngo online to www.hjff.org or tickets@mandelljcc.org for a full schedule\nof showings.", "\n\nHow about a trip to France without packing a bag or\ngetting a passport. \"", "It Happened in Saint-Tropez\" is your ticket, with\na reception. ", "Want intrigue, then enter the world of Bruce Sundlun who\nsurvived being shot down in Belgium in World War II, followed by a Reel\nTalk. ", "Need a little inspiration, then travel with teenage Mica who\npledges to honor his grandfather and the country, Cuba, that saved him\nduring the Holocaust in \"Havana Curveball.\" ", "Learn about Hannah Cohen's\ndesire for a Holy Communion despite the fact she's definitely not\nCatholic.", "\n\nPrepare to be wonderfully entertained when the iconic\nand beloved Theodore Bikel is \"married\" to the magical words of Sholem\nAleichem, the famed Yiddish storyteller in \"Theodore Bikel: In the Shoes\nof Sholem Aleichem.\" ", "Ever wonder what it might be like to serve as a\nwoman in the Israeli Army then \"Zero Motivation\" is for you. ", "Have you\never searched your family's history to try to find yourself? ", "If so,\nyou'll want to go on \"Hanna's Journey.\" ", "Imagine creating a euthanasia\nmachine for your aging friends and watch \"The Farewell Party\" for\ninsights into the end of life issues.", "\n\nTime for a nosh, like a\nthick corned beef on rye with a half sour pickle? ", "Come meet the \"Deli\nMan\" and learn the history of Jews in a culinary tour across America.", "\nReady for a change of pace, to suspenseful thriller and a compelling\nexample of anti-semitism and terror. ", "Look no further than \"24 Days:\nThe True Story of Ilan Halimi Affair.\" ", "Follow a ten year old boy as he\nescapes the Warsaw Ghetto in \"Run Boy Run,\" that will be accompanied by\ntalks with the Hartford Stage and their upcoming production of \"The\nPianist of Willesdan Lane.\" ", "Change the pace with the tale of two\ncousins in \"The Go Go Boys: The Inside Story of Cannon Films.\" ", "Travel\nwith Eyad, a Muslim boy, who wins a place as the first Arab in a\nprestigious boarding school in Jerusalem in \"Dancing Arabs\" and learn\nhow he struggles to adjust.", "\n\nIn \"Berlin Calling,\" a father and\ndaughter retrace the dad's difficult days in World War II and discover\nrealities they never dreamed possible. ", "Two lonely souls connect in\n\"Felix and Meira\" with a forbidden love dictated by religious\ndifferences. ", "History buffs will enjoy \"The Prime Ministers, Part\nTwo-Soldiers and Peacemakers\" as it follows Prime Ministers Rabin and\nBegin. ", "A childless couple enters into a strange arrangement with a\nyoung Jewish refugee they are hiding in \"Closed Season.\" ", "The final film\ntells the story of volunteer pilots and how they helped win the War of\nIndependence in \"Above and Beyond-The Birth of the Israeli Air Force\"\nthat includes a Reel Talk and reception. ", "This event is $25. ", "For tickets\nto any or all of these fine films, call 860-231-6316 or go online at\nwww.hjff.org for the full schedule and locations.", "\n\nDon't let this\nfascinating array of movie offerings escape your attention. ", "As the\nsnows of winter hopefully melt in our collective memories, go to the\nmovies for excitement, entertainment, inspiration and warmth.", "\n\nMonday, March 2, 2015\n\nEveryone experiences moments of being alone and lonesome. ", "If those\nmoments, however, linger for months and even years, that emotional state\ncan sink you into depression. ", "Such is the fate of 35 year old Jonathan\nwho has lost his life partner Gabriel in a tragic\nincident, one that Jonathan can't erase or forget. ", "His world is now\npermanently colored in dark shadows that cause him fear and\nunhappiness.", "\n\nIn his world premiere play \"Reverberation,\" playwright Matthew Lopez is\ninviting you to enter into Jonathan's state of being and become up\nclose and personal with its realities. ", "Ready or not, fortified with\nprozac or zoloft, the Hartford Stage is unmasking\nthis psychological conundrum until Sunday, March 15.", "\n\nLuke McFarlane's Jonathan does not easily share his secrets. ", "He holds\nthem close to his chest and guards them fiercely. ", "If he isn't\nillustrating greeting cards of sympathy, he is indulging in alcohol,\nworking out or surfing the web for casual male sex partners.", "\nSuddenly his new upstairs neighbor, in his cluttered Astoria, Queens\napartment created in great detail by Andromache Chalfant, literally\nclomps into his life over his protestations. ", "It seems her breezy outlook\non life will bring his existence both hope and\npromise.", "\n\nAya Cash's Claire is eternally sunny and just what the psychiatrist\nwould order for Jonathan's wounded soul. ", "With her whimsical nature and\nhis solid physical stability, they bring a freshness to their new\nfriendship and it appears for a precious moment in\ntime that their mutual needs can be met.", "\n\nBookending Claire's arrival is Wes, a young and eager-to-please boy toy\ncaptured in his sincere naivety by Carl Lundsfelt. ", "His appearance,\nbefore Claire arrives and again after Claire and Jonathan reach a\ncertain plateau in their relationship, causes a ripple\nin the lake, much like a stone sent skipping, with endless circles of\nreverberations. ", "Maxwell Williams directs this brutally honest and often\ndisturbing punch of reality with a steady hand.", "\n\nFor tickets ($25 and up), call the Hartford Stage, 50 Church Street, Hartford at 860-527-5151 or online at www.hartfordstage.org. ", "Performances are Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Sunday at 7:30\np.m., Friday and Saturday at 8 p.m., with matinees at 2 p.m. Saturday and Sunday.", "\n\nBe prepared for explicit sexual permissiveness as Jonathan struggles to surface from his spiritual drowning.", "\n\nIf you're unlucky enough to be in the wrong place at the definitely\nworst time and witness a murder, there may not be a good spot to hide.", "\nJust ask that wannabe cabaret lounge singer Deloris Van Cartier (Kerissa\nArrington) who finds herself in just that pickle\nand predicament. ", "Now her boyfriend's gang is after her and the best\nplace for the police to hide her is just what William Shakespeare might\nhave suggested. ", "Deloris is told to \"get thee to a nunnery.", "\"For three fabulous performances, Friday, March 6 at 8 p.m. and Saturday,\nMarch 7 at 2 p.m. and 8 p.m., the Palace Theater in Waterbury will have\nthe rosary beads ready for their newest novitiate as \"Sister Act\" comes\nto town. ", "Just what Mother Superior (Maggie\nClennon Reberg) thinks of her latest charge is immediately evident.", "\nShe's suspicious.", "At the Holy Order of the Little Sisters of Our Mother of Perpetual\nFaith, Deloris has become Sister Mary Clarence and reluctantly gives up\nher vices like smoking, drinking, dancing and suggestive clothing. ", "With\nthe help of perky and peppy Sister Mary Patrick\n(Sarah Michelle Cue), Deloris gets indoctrinated into her new life and\nuses her previous life as a disco singer to inject the order's anemic\nsounding choir with new vigor and vitality.", "This lively musical written by Cheri and Bill Steinkellner and Douglas\nCarter Beane, with lyrics by Glenn Slater and music by Alan Menken is\nbased on the hit 1992 film comedy of the same name. ", "Of course,\neventually the gang traces Deloris down and invades her\nsolemn hiding place. ", "Glorious songs like \"Take Me to Heaven,\" \"Spread\nthe Love Around\" and \"Raise Your Voice\" send melodies heavenward.", "For tickets ($45-65), call the Palace Theater, 100 East Main Street, Waterbury at 203-346-2000 or online at www.palacetheaterct.com.", "\n\nBefore the Friday, March 6, evening performance,Riverhouse\nCatering\nwill prepare a 6 p.m. pre-fixe, four-course dinner in the Palace’s Poli\nClub, located on the mezzanine level of the theater. ", "Dinner is $62.50\nper person, which includes tax, service fees, coffee, and tea. ", "A cash\nbar is also available and the menu can\nbe viewed in advance at www.palacetheaterct.org/dining. ", "Seating\nis limited and reservations can be made when purchasing tickets through the Box Office.", "\n\nLet Deloris and the Good\nSisters entertain you with their angelic voices as chaos invades the\nreligious order and justice is at stake. ", "Hear the rafters ring with\njoy.", "\n\nImagine two sisters who didn't speak for ten years when their mother\ngave a quilt she had made to one sibling, forgetting she had promised it\nto the other. ", "Meet a daughter who devotedly cared for her mother for\nyears who was heartbroken when her father gave away her mom's prized\ndiamond ring, in what he thought was a fair distribution of her jewelry.", "\nHer brother got the ring and gave it to his wife. ", "Neither the brother\nnor his spouse ever helped during the mother's lengthy illness. ", "Another\nbrother and sister fought over their mother's prized china. ", "The sister\nwon it and spitefully kept it in boxes in the attic. ", "They haven't\nspoken in years.", "\n\nDo you know any similar tales of controversy\nwhere the desire for a family's prized possession caused chaos and a mad\nscramble to establish bragging rights? ", "Enter Joshua Harmon who has\ncrafted a provocative look into family dynamics in \"Bad Jews\" being\nharpooned with wit and barbs at Long Wharf Theatre's Stage II until\nSunday, March 29.", "\n\nA beloved grandfather, Poppy, has died and the\nfamily is about to sit shiva, a period of mourning Jews observe to help\nadjust to their great loss. ", "Poppy's grandchildren arrive to stay with\nJonah at his New York City apartment, one that even commands a view of\nthe Hudson River from the bathroom. ", "His cousin Diana, now calling\nherself Daphna in preparation for her aliyah, a permanent move, to\nIsrael arrives with an agenda carved in stone: she is the only one\nworthy of inheriting Poppy's necklace, a chai meaning life, which he\nkept hidden while in the death camps during the Holocaust.", "\n\nKeilly\nMcQuail's Daphna is outstanding in her combative stance, a David ready\nto take on any Goliath, demanding and compelling, judgmental without the\nfairness of a King Solomon, equally parts selfish, offensive and\nadmirable in her righteousness. ", "Max Michael Miller's Jonah is mild\nmannered and basically neutral like Switzerland. ", "He needs to mourn his\ngrandfather in peace and wants to avoid conflict at all costs. ", "When his\nbrother Liam, a defensive Mike Steinmetz, arrives, after the funeral is\nover if you can believe it, bringing his non-Jewish girlfriend Melody\nin tow, Jonah is suddenly the judge and jury between the two cousins.", "\nIn his own mind, Liam believes Poppy had decreed the chai to be his. ", "He\nplans to gift it to Melody, a sweetly naive Christy Escobar, as an\nengagement present, just as Poppy had given it to his wife decades\nbefore. ", "Pick a side as tempers flare and fire and Oliver Butler directs\nthis thought stimulating comedy with a golden chain of darkness.", "\n\nFor tickets ($74.50), call Long Wharf Theatre, 222 Sargent Drive, New Haven at 203-787-4282 or online at www.longwharf.org.", "\nPerformances are Tuesday at 7 p.m., Wednesday at 2 p.m. and 7 p.m.,\nThursday at 8 p.m., Friday at 8 p.m., Saturday at 3 p.m. and 8 p.m. and\nSunday at 2 p.m. and 7 p.m.\n\nWhatever your family or religious\nobservances, \"Bad Jews\" will speak to you, as it escalates from\nsympathetic remembrances to venomous attacks, all quicker than you can\nspread cream cheese on an onion bagel." ]

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[ "A large and growing population of users is enjoying entertainment through the consumption of digital media items, such as music, movies, images, electronic books, and so on. ", "The users employ various electronic devices to consume such media items. ", "Among these electronic devices (referred to herein as user device and user equipment) are electronic book readers, cellular telephones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), portable media players, tablet computers, netbooks, laptops, and the like. ", "These electronic devices wirelessly communicate with a communications infrastructure to enable the consumption of the digital media items." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds" }

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[ "Recently dry laundry detergents have been developed which contain enzymes which are highly effective not only against proteinaceous soils, such as blood, gravy and the like, but are also effective against carbohydraceous and fatty soils. ", "In some cases enzymes have been added to dry detergent compositions to be used as a presoak prior to washing, while in other cases the enzymes have been added to the dry washing composition itself. ", "With an enzyme-containing detergent composition it is a necessary requirement that the enzyme remain stable for extended periods of time of at least up to 12 months at ordinary temperatures. ", "Because of this requirement of stability, enzymes in the past have only been incorporated with dry detergent compositions. ", "In liquid or aqueous compositions, enzymes have a tendency to deactivate either through reversible inactivation or through irreversible activation in which chemical changes occur in the enzyme structure to prevent further activity.", "\nThe inherent instability of enzymes in liquid detergent solutions is due to several factors, first an aqueous phase in itself is a hostile environment for the enzymes, and while stabilized aqueous enzyme solutions have been prepared in the past, these stabilized solutions have had an acidic or neutral pH and not a highly alkaline pH as in an aeuqous detergent solution. ", "Further, the surfactants, detergent builders and chelating agents commonly used in detergent or laundry compositions are hostile to the enzyme in that they tend to be toxic to the enzyme protein. ", "For these reasons, enzymes have been used exclusively with dry detergent compositions in the past." ]

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[ "INTRODUCTION\n============\n\nInformed consent is an ethical requirement for research on human subjects. ", "In most cases it is also generally agreed that written information on the proposed research should be provided to prospective research subjects, that they must understand this information, and that they should give their valid informed consent. ", "National and international regulations vary with regard to specific requirements on the type of information that should be provided in such written materials. ", "For a number of reasons, the amount of detail provided in informed consent forms (ICFs) has increased over time.^[@r01],[@r02]^ As a result, ICFs have become very long, frequently exceeding 20 pages, though it is often suggested that an ICF should be short enough for subjects to be willing to read it completely.^[@r03]^ It is also claimed that excessively long and overly detailed forms can become counterproductive in achieving the original goal, thus increasing the number of \"un-informed\" subjects.^[@r04]^\n\nSeveral studies have evaluated and attempted to improve the quality of informed consent by modifying the ICF format.^[@r05]^ They have mainly focused on ways of scaling and improving the readability of the forms and testing the ability of participants to recall the information provided. ", "However, improving readability and participant memory is not a complete solution for improving understanding and achieving better informed consent.^[@r06]^ A few studies have compared the effects of a simplified consent form and a long and detailed standard form. ", "However, most of these studies failed to accurately assess the true impact of ICF length on improved informed consent because they had modified not only the length but also the entire format and readability---and thus the complexity---of statements in the forms.^[@r07]--[@r12]^ More importantly, most of these attempts had important limitations in that they were conducted in hypothetical situations and therefore did not assess informed consent in a real research setting. ", "Also, most studies of ICF improvement evaluated patients in the context of clinical intervention trials; thus, their conclusions may not be immediately applicable to a general population that contributes to genetic epidemiologic research.^[@r13]^\n\nTo address some of these concerns, we investigated the true effects of ICF length on informed consent. ", "Our study was designed as an add-on cluster-randomized controlled trial to an ongoing prospective genetic cohort study. ", "We hypothesized that, as compared with a standard length form, a shorter, simpler ICF would (1) result in better participant recall of key information and superior understanding of the proposed cohort study, and (2) lead to equivalent or better levels of voluntariness, satisfaction, trust in researchers, sense of social obligation, and consent rates to participate in a cohort study.", "\n\nMETHODS\n=======\n\nThe Takashima Study is an ongoing prospective genetic cohort study. ", "Recruitment began in 2006 in Kutsuki, Shiga, Japan and was conducted along with the national health-checkup program in that area. ", "Willingness to complete a questionnaire survey on daily nutrition, physical activities, and medical history is the foremost requirement in the inclusion criteria for the cohort study, although participants can specify whether they consent or dissent to other elements of the study, such as donation of blood and urine samples and sample storage for future research.", "\n\nTwo ICFs of different length were developed (Table [1](#tbl01){ref-type=\"table\"} and Appendix, see SUPPORTING INFORMATION). ", "The standard form is approximately the length of a standard Japanese informed consent document, ie, 10 459 letters/characters (or 335 lines), and comprises 11 pages of *kanji*/*hiragana*/*katakana* of the Japanese language. ", "The standard form was developed and finalized in Japanese and subsequently translated into English by one of the authors (KM) for the purpose of developing a short ICF. ", "The short form comprised 3602 letters/characters (or 152 lines) and 5 pages and was initially developed from the English translation of the standard form by an independent American expert on research ethics and then back-translated into Japanese and finalized by the same author (KM). ", "The finalized standard form and short form shared exactly the same document style, including number of letters per line, illustrations, font style, font size, and same computed levels of word vocabulary and *kanji* characters.^[@r14]^ Although the expressions and descriptions in the short form were shortened by eliminating repetition and unnecessary detail and simplified by using plainer expressions (Appendix, see SUPPORTING INFORMATION), both forms contained the following information: research aims, targeted subjects, research methods, targeted disease types, a list of each consent item, anticipated benefits and possible risks, policy regarding feedback on individual research results, policy for data security, voluntariness of participation, short descriptions of the 2 previously specified studies that were scheduled as collaborative projects with which collected samples/data will be shared, the possibility of using samples for unspecified future research, and contact information of the responsible institute and principal investigator. ", "Information on funding support, policy for managing research materials, and detailed information on the 2 collaborating projects was included only in the standard form.", "\n\n###### Comparison of the characteristics of the standard and short informed consent forms\n\n ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n   Standard Form^a^ Short Form^a^ *P* value\\\n (χ^2^ test)\n -------------------------------------------- ------------------ --------------- -------------\n Total lines/pages^b^ 335/11 152/5  \n\n Total color illustrations 10 10  \n\n Total word count^b^ (letters & characters) 10 459 3602  \n\n  Words in introduction and purpose\\ 611 164  \n ​  section \n\n  Words in methods section 1724 742  \n\n  Words in collaborative studies section 2841 823  \n\n  Words in privacy/confidentiality\\ 1158 450  \n ​  protection section \n\n  Words in voluntariness section 463 241  \n\n  Words in benefits section 686 311  \n\n  Words in risk/disadvantages section 1098 583  \n\n  Words in ethics approval issues 147 0  \n\n  Words in research groups description\\ 819 0  \n ​  section \n\n  Words in substudy section 617 148  \n\n  Words in contact information section 173 92  \n\n Level of vocabulary^c^ (%)      \n\n  \\>1st grade 14.0 13.2 0.998\n\n  1st grade 7.2 8.0  \n\n  2nd grade 22.5 24.1  \n\n  3rd grade 14.7 14.7  \n\n  4th grade 41.5 40.1  \n\n Level of *kanji* characters^c^ (%)      \n\n  \\>1st grade 0.5 0.2 0.991\n\n  1st grade 15.2 14.4  \n\n  2nd grade 41.5 43.0  \n\n  3rd grade 27.9 29.0  \n\n  4th grade 14.9 13.3  \n ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n^a^Font style (MS PR Gothic) and size (12 points) were the same in both forms.", "\n\n^b^Numbers of lines, pages, and words were counted using the word count feature of Microsoft Word 2007.", "\n\n^c^Grade 1 is the level necessary for entering Japanese universities for non-native Japanese speakers who have sufficient knowledge of about a 10 000-word vocabulary and 2000 *kanji* characters, which is almost equal to the level of a native Japanese second- to third-year high school student. ", "Grade 2 is the level of non-native Japanese speakers who have studied Japanese for about 600 hours and completed intermediate Japanese language courses: this is almost equal to the level of native Japanese who have finished elementary education (6 years) with a vocabulary of 6000 words or more and about 1000 *kanji* characters.", "\n\nA total of 581 individuals were scheduled to attend the health-checkup program. ", "Because our goal was to determine the relative effectiveness of the 2 consent forms at a group rather than an individual level, and because we sought to reduce the possibility of human interaction among individuals living in an intimate neighborhood, the 17 smallest medico-social units (MSUs) within the Kutsuki area were randomly preassigned in a 1:1 ratio to the standard form (the control cohort) or the short form (the intervention cohort). ", "Consequently, the standard form was mailed to the 293 individuals in 9 MSUs, while the short form was mailed to the 288 individuals in the other 8 MSUs ([Figure](#fig01){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "We then investigated differences between the 2 groups in the following efficacy outcome measures: (1) ICF reading status, namely, the extent to which participants had read the given consent documents in advance, (2) their subjective evaluation of the appropriateness of the length, ease of comprehension, and usefulness of the given form, (3) understanding, including self-perceived understanding and retained knowledge of informed key issues such as benefits and study risks, (4) participants' concerns, trust, voluntariness, satisfaction, and sense of social obligation, and (5) consent rates.", "\n\n{#fig01}\n\nThe recruitment procedures for the cohort study have been described elsewhere.^[@r15]^ Briefly, information documents were mailed in advance to all people scheduled for a health checkup. ", "They were informed that they would be asked to participate in the study at the checkup site and that they should read the information material sent out. ", "At the time of the checkup, the study purpose was again briefly verbally explained to them by a researcher, and people were asked to give their consent to participate in the cohort study. ", "Our study questionnaire assessing informed consent was administered immediately after they had given their written consent to participate in the cohort study. ", "Although the questionnaire was self-administered, the research nurses were allowed to read the questionnaire to an individual when requested to do so.", "\n\nData were analyzed using the chi-square test and the Mann-Whitney U-test with the SPSS 14.0J statistical package. ", "Two-sided *P*-values equal to or less than 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant.", "\n\nRESULTS\n=======\n\nIn the control cohort, 222 of 293 (75.8%) individuals attended the checkup, of whom 163 (73.4%) gave basic consent to the Takashima Study. ", "In the intervention cohort, 241 of 288 (83.7%) individuals attended the checkup, among whom 173 (71.8%) consented ([Figure](#fig01){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "All consenters to the Takashima Study, in both cohorts, assisted with our informed consent study.", "\n\nThe control cohort comprised 60.1% female consenters, and the mean age was 63.7 years. ", "In the intervention cohort, 57.8% were female, and the mean age was 64.5 years (Table [2](#tbl02){ref-type=\"table\"}). ", "More than half of the consenters in both cohorts had less than a high school level education. ", "The baseline characteristics of the 2 cohorts were almost identical.", "\n\n###### Baseline characteristics of participants in the Takashima Study 2006\n\n -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n   Control cohort\\ Intervention cohort\\ *P* value\\\n Standard form\\ Short form\\ (χ^2^ test)\n (*n* = 163) (*n* = 173) \n ------------------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------------- -------------\n   *Number (%)^a^* *Number (%)^a^*  \n\n Number of women (% female) 98 (60.1) 100 (57.8) 0.666\n\n   \n\n Age (years)      \n\n  \\<40 13 (8.0) 17 (9.8) 0.633\n\n  40--49 18 (11.0) 12 (6.9)  \n\n  50--59 25 (15.3) 24 (13.9)  \n\n  60--69 36 (22.1) 45 (26.0)  \n\n  70≦ 71 (43.6) 75 (43.4)  \n\n  Mean ± standard deviation 63.7 ± 13.4 64.5 ± 14.3 0.616\n\n   \n\n Last education (years)      \n\n  Junior high school (≦9) 87 (56.9) 89 (53.9) 0.817\n\n  High school (≦12) 38 (24.8) 47 (28.5)  \n\n  Vocational school (≦13--14) 10 (6.5) 10 (6.1)  \n\n  Junior/Technical college (≦14) 4 (2.6) 8 (4.8)  \n\n  University (≦16) 9 (5.9) 6 (3.6)  \n\n  Graduate School (17≦) 1 (0.7) 2 (1.2)  \n\n  Others 4 (2.6) 3 (1.8)  \n\n   \n\n Occupation      \n\n  Company employee 12 (7.7) 7 (4.3) 0.091\n\n  Public servant 0 (0.0) 3 (1.8)  \n\n  Self-employed 42 (27.1) 61 (37.2)  \n\n  Housewife 55 (35.5) 53 (32.3)  \n\n  Others 46 (29.7) 40 (24.4)  \n\n   \n\n Smoking habit      \n\n  Current smoker 28 (18.3) 27 (16.3) 0.863\n\n  Ex-smoker 24 (15.7) 25 (15.1)  \n\n  Nonsmoker 101 (66.0) 114 (68.7)  \n\n   \n\n Alcohol habit      \n\n  Regular drinker 74 (48.1) 91 (54.8) 0.220\n\n  Former regular drinker 2 (1.3) 5 (3.0)  \n\n  Nondrinker/Occasional drinker 78 (50.6) 70 (42.2)  \n\n   \n\n Regular prescription drug use\\ 81 (52.6) 102 (60.7) 0.142\n ​ (% Yes) \n\n   \n\n How much of the consent form have you read?^b^     \n\n  All 34 (21.0) 45 (26.2) 0.503\n\n  More than half 15 (9.3) 23 (13.4)  \n\n  Half 27 (16.7) 24 (14.0)  \n\n  Less than half 30 (18.5) 27 (15.7)  \n\n  None 56 (34.6) 53 (30.8)  \n -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n^a^Numbers are based on the total number of respondents answering the particular question and may not equal the total number of study subjects.", "\n\n^b^The *P* value on the Mann-Whitney U test was 0.178.", "\n\nICF reading status\n------------------\n\nA total of 76 of the 163 consenters (46.6%) in the control cohort and 92 of the 173 consenters (53.2%) in the intervention cohort reported that they had read at least half of the given consent form before the checkup. ", "There was no statistical difference between the cohorts in the reading status of the respective ICFs.", "\n\nIn the analyses below we report only the results obtained from those in both cohorts who responded that they had actually read at least half of the given ICF. ", "We made this decision because the primary purpose of this consent study is to investigate the effects of written consent forms on the quality of informed consent. ", "Thus, it is reasonable to analyze data only from those who could be considered a \"reader\" of the given forms. ", "Nevertheless, analyses using data from all individuals, ie, including individuals not defined as readers, yielded very similar results.", "\n\nICF evaluations\n---------------\n\nMore than 80% of both cohorts rated the ICF they received as very or moderately helpful in understanding the Takashima Study (Table [3](#tbl03){ref-type=\"table\"}), and most also considered the verbal explanation given before the consent procedure to be helpful. ", "Also, approximately 60% of both cohorts evaluated the length of their respective forms as \"appropriate;\" however, one-third considered the length to be \"more than necessary.\" ", "Approximately 80% of both groups also evaluated their respective forms as very or moderately easy to understand.", "\n\n###### Evaluations of written and verbal explanations among participants who reported reading at least half the consent form\n\n ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n   Standard Form\\ Short Form\\ *P* value\\ *P* value\\\n (*n* = 76) (*n* = 92) (χ^2^ test) (U test^a^)\n ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------- -------------- ------------- -------------\n   *Number (%)* *Number (%)*    \n\n How helpful was the consent form in understanding the study? ", " \n\n  Very helpful 9 (11.8) 19 (20.7) 0.179 0.489\n\n  Helpful 58 (76.3) 58 (63.0)    \n\n  Somewhat helpful 8 (10.5) 14 (15.2)    \n\n  Not at all helpful 1 (1.3) 0 (0.0)    \n\n  No answer 0 (0.0) 1 (1.1)    \n\n   \n\n What did you think of the amount of information on the consent form? ", " \n\n  More than necessary 26 (34.2) 35 (38.0) 0.848 0.567\n\n  Appropriate 49 (64.5) 55 (59.8)    \n\n  Insufficient 1 (1.3) 1 (1.1)    \n\n  No answer 0 (0.0) 1 (1.1)    \n\n   \n\n How easy was the consent form for you to understand? ", " \n\n  Very easy 12 (15.8) 18 (19.6) 0.794 0.996\n\n  Easy 51 (67.1) 55 (59.8)    \n\n  Difficult 12 (15.8) 17 (18.5)    \n\n  Very difficult 1 (1.3) 2 (2.2)    \n\n  No answer 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)    \n\n   \n\n How helpful was the verbal explanation in understanding the study? ", " \n\n  Very helpful 17 (22.4) 26 (28.3) 0.086 0.100\n\n  Helpful 54 (71.1) 62 (67.4)    \n\n  Somewhat helpful 4 (5.2) 0 (0.0)    \n\n  Not at all helpful 1 (1.3) 0 (0.0)    \n\n  No answer 0 (0.0) 4 (4.3)    \n ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n^a^\"No answer\" was excluded from all analyses using the Mann-Whitney U test.", "\n\nSelf-perceived understanding\n----------------------------\n\nTable [4](#tbl04){ref-type=\"table\"} indicates how both cohorts self-evaluated their understanding of several key issues that were expected to be understood when they participated in the cohort study. ", "The results for most measures of self-perceived understanding were similar between groups, except that the intervention cohort rated their understanding as marginally better than that of the control cohort with regard to the responsible institute and contact information (*P* = 0.063) and the content of contribution (*P* = 0.075).", "\n\n###### Comparison of the comprehension of study participants receiving the standard and short consent forms\n\n -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n     Standard Form\\ Short Form\\ *P* value\\ *P* value\\\n (*n* = 76) (*n* = 92) (χ^2^ test) (U test)\n --------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------ ------------------- ------------------- ------------- ------------\n ***Self-perceived understanding***   *Number (%)^a^* *Number (%)^a^*    \n\n Do you understand which institution is responsible for the study\\         \n ​ and whom you can contact with questions? ", " \n\n   Yes   62 (81.6) 84 (91.3) 0.063  \n\n   No   14 (18.6) 8 (8.7)    \n\n   Don't know   0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)    \n\n How is your understanding of the purpose of the study? ", "          \n\n   Good   40 (52.6) 47 (51.1) 0.991 0.896\n\n   Moderate   32 (42.1) 39 (42.4)    \n\n   Poor   4 (5.3) 5 (5.4)    \n\n How is your understanding of what you were asked\\         \n ​ to contribute to the study? ", " \n\n   Good   38 (50.0) 50 (54.3) 0.075 0.310\n\n   Moderate   30 (39.5) 40 (43.5)    \n\n   Poor   8 (10.5) 2 (2.2)    \n\n How is your understanding of the way to withdraw from the study? ", "         \n\n   Good   32 (42.1) 40 (43.5) 0.971 0.815\n\n   Moderate   24 (31.6) 28 (30.4)    \n\n   Poor   20 (26.3) 23 (25.0)    \n\n How is your understanding of the anticipated benefits of the study? ", "         \n\n   Good   32 (42.1) 37 (40.2) 0.752 0.620\n\n   Moderate   34 (44.7) 39 (42.4)    \n\n   Poor   10 (13.2) 16 (17.4)    \n\n How is your understanding of the possible disadvantages\\         \n ​ of participation in the study? ", " \n\n   Good   21 (27.6) 25 (27.2) 0.740 0.702\n\n   Moderate   29 (38.2) 40 (43.5)    \n\n   Poor   26 (34.2) 27 (29.3)    \n\n How is your understanding of the way of managing and preserving\\         \n ​ the donated samples and data? ", " \n\n   Good   24 (31.6) 26 (28.3) 0.863 0.804\n\n   Moderate   31 (40.8) 41 (44.6)    \n\n   Poor   21 (27.6) 25 (27.2)    \n\n How is your understanding of the feedback policy regarding\\         \n ​ the results of future individual analysis? ", " \n\n   Good   24 (31.6) 30 (32.6) 0.781 0.636\n\n   Moderate   26 (34.2) 35 (38.0)    \n\n   Poor   26 (34.2) 27 (29.3)    \n\n How is your understanding of the explained collaborative studies? ", "         \n\n   Good   26 (34.2) 37 (40.2) 0.686 0.576\n\n   Moderate   28 (36.8) 29 (31.5)    \n\n   Poor   22 (28.9) 26 (28.3)    \n\n How is your understanding of the policy for handling donated\\         \n ​ samples and data after completion of the study? ", " \n\n   Good   18 (23.7) 31 (33.7) 0.333 0.338\n\n   Moderate   26 (34.2) 25 (27.2)    \n\n   Poor   32 (42.1) 36 (39.1)    \n\n How is your understanding of the publication policy of the study results? ", "         \n\n   Good   22 (28.9) 27 (29.3) 0.633 0.635\n\n   Moderate   28 (36.8) 28 (30.4)    \n\n   Poor   26 (34.2) 37 (40.2)    \n\n Is your participation in the study voluntary? ", "         \n\n   Yes   75 (98.7) 92 (100.0) 0.924  \n\n   No   1 (1.3) 0 (0.0)    \n\n   Don't know   0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)    \n\n Do you remember how long the research on participant samples\\         \n ​ is going to be conducted? ", " \n\n   Yes   35 (46.1) 51 (55.4) 0.226  \n\n   No   41 (53.9) 41 (44.6)    \n\n ***Retained knowledge*** *True or*\\ *Number Correct*\\ *Number Correct*\\    \n *False* *(% Correct)^a^* *(% Correct)^a^* \n\n How will the participants' personal information such as name\\          \n ​ and address be handled in the study? ", " \n\n   Participants' name and address will be encrypted. ", " True 50 (71.4) 61 (74.4) 0.682  \n\n   Participants' name and address can be accessed by anybody. ", " False 65 (92.9) 73 (89.0) 0.415  \n\n   Participants' name and address will later be open to the public. ", " False 63 (90.0) 81 (98.8) 0.024  \n\n   Participants' name and address will be immediately deleted\\ False 56 (80.0) 62 (76.5) 0.608  \n ​   so that no individual will become identifiable. ", " \n\n What are the benefits of participating in the study? ", "          \n\n   Participants may have free treatments in the future. ", " False 65 (85.5) 81 (93.1) 0.114  \n\n   Participants may receive information on the results of individual\\ True 43 (56.6) 49 (56.3) 0.974  \n ​   genetic analysis in the future. ", " \n\n   Participants may receive monetary rewards in the future. ", " False 73 (96.1) 85 (97.7) 0.665  \n\n   Participants may contribute to future society. ", " True 46 (60.5) 56 (64.4) 0.613  \n\n What are the possible disadvantages of participating in the study? ", "          \n\n   Participants' personal information might become public knowledge,\\ True 31 (44.9) 27 (35.1) 0.224  \n ​   regardless of the researchers' intent. ", " \n\n   Participants may be asked to bear a part of the study expenses. ", " False 65 (94.2) 75 (97.5) 0.422  \n\n   Through genetic analysis research, participants might learn\\ True 33 (47.8) 40 (51.9) 0.619  \n ​   about serious individual genetic disorders. ", " \n\n   Individual results will not be shared under any circumstances. ", " False 66 (95.7) 65 (84.4) 0.026  \n -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n^a^Numbers are based on the total number of respondents answering the particular question and may not equal the total number of study subjects.", "\n\nRetained knowledge (recall)\n---------------------------\n\nSimilarly, in all the key information tested for retained knowledge, or correct recall, there was no consistent difference between the 2 cohorts (Table [4](#tbl04){ref-type=\"table\"}). ", "As compared with the control cohort, the intervention cohort had a better recall of the issue of personal information protection (*P* = 0.024); however, it had worse recall of the policy regarding feedback on individual results (*P* = 0.026). ", "There was no correlation between the correct recall of any key issue and the corresponding self-evaluated understanding in either cohort.", "\n\nConcerns, trust, voluntariness, satisfaction, and sense of duty\n---------------------------------------------------------------\n\nConcerning privacy, more than 70% of participants in both cohorts reported little or no concerns about the security of their personal information managed by the cohort researchers, and almost all (\\>97%) reported that they considered the researchers of the study to be trustworthy.", "\n\nWith regard to voluntariness, while almost all participants in both cohorts understood the voluntary nature of the study (Table [4](#tbl04){ref-type=\"table\"}), about 25% reported that they felt some pressure to participate during the informed consent process. ", "However, more than 90% of participants in both cohorts had high satisfaction with the whole explanatory process.", "\n\nImportantly, almost all participants in both cohorts thought that the proposed study seemed more or less useful to themselves (\\>93%) and to society (\\>97%). ", "Also, there was a marginal trend (*P* = 0.075) for the control cohort, as compared with the intervention cohort, to consider participation in the study as a charitable activity rather than as a social obligation.", "\n\nConsent rates\n-------------\n\nThere was no statistical difference between the 2 cohorts in consent rates for the following 12 consent items: participation in the medical interview and questionnaire studies; allowing National Health-Checkup (NHC) data to be used for the Takashima Study; participation in providing a urine sample collected primarily for the NHC and donating a new blood sample to the study; allowing blood and urine sample preservation for 20 years; participation in donating a DNA sample for research analysis; allowing DNA sample preservation for 20 years; participation in a re-investigation every 5 years; allowing preservation and utilization of unlinked anonymized samples/data for another 20 years after completion of the Takashima Study; authorizing the principal investigators to examine and use medical records and other medical documents in the 20-year follow-up survey; allowing participant data to be provided to the *Tougoukenkyu* (The Existing Cohort Combine), of the Japan Arteriosclerosis Longitudinal Study (JALS-ECC); allowing samples/data to be given to the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study; and allowing samples/data to be given to various unspecified future (collaborative) research projects.", "\n\nDISCUSSION\n==========\n\nThis cluster-randomized controlled study of a standard-length versus a short informed consent form was conducted in the real research setting of a genetic epidemiologic cohort study and showed relatively high-quality \"informed consent\" among those receiving the short form. ", "More importantly, the short form compared favorably with the standard form in almost all outcome measures, including participant reading status, evaluation of the ICF, self-perceived understanding, levels of participant recall, concerns, trust, voluntariness, satisfaction, sense of duty, and consent rates.", "\n\nBerger et al analyzed 87 ICFs used in actual clinical trials for cancer patients in Norway from 1987 to 2007 and found a significant increase during that time period in the number of text components, especially text regarding formalities, eg, legal and financial matters.^[@r16]^ A very likely reason for such a marked increase in the length of forms is legal indemnification of research institutions that seek to avoid the potential liabilities of research.^[@r04],[@r17]^ However, such language has little to do with the interests of research subjects. ", "In addition, too much such attention on legal accountability can increase the length of an ICF and add to preparation costs, in terms of the people, time, and money concerned, for both researchers and research subjects. ", "Such attention does not contribute to achieving the true goal of informed consent, namely, fully voluntary, well-informed, and satisfactory participation based on an improved understanding of a proposed study.", "\n\nWhile our hypothesis that the short form is superior to the standard form was not fully confirmed by the present findings, our results suggest that short consent forms are at least equivalent in function and value to longer, more detailed forms. ", "White et al indicated that research subjects sometimes prefer detailed information to abbreviated information.^[@r18]^ However, although a longer form might be preferred by some research subjects, if asked to choose among 2 or 3 forms of different length, a longer form is not certain to be ethically preferable to a shorter one. ", "Dresden and Levitt reported that information retention was better among individuals who received a shorter form than among those who received a more detailed form.^[@r07]^ Similarly, other studies have reported that understanding of a detailed explanation was worse than that after a simplified explanation.^[@r08],[@r17]^ These previous findings are in conformity with our results. ", "Taken together, these findings indicate that providing less information in a shorter, simplified form is ethically acceptable, and preferable in practical terms, as compared with including more information in a standard form. ", "Although we acknowledge that our results might be partly attributable to the relatively small sample size of our study, the absence of any clear trend regarding a difference between the 2 cohorts is the most important finding. ", "Currently, most research ethics committees are conservative with regard to informed consent, that is, they assume that more detailed, more complicated information is always ethically better for research subjects. ", "However, empirical data indicate that this assumption may not be true and that shorter forms may be ethically equivalent or sometimes superior to longer, standard forms.", "\n\nThe nature of true understanding remains unknown, despite the numerous studies of comprehension that have attempted to measure it.^[@r15],[@r19]--[@r21]^ Because there is no gold standard that can be used to measure true understanding per se, evaluating the understanding of research subjects is a methodological challenge for all such studies. ", "Fundamentally, self-perceived understanding may not be equivalent to true understanding. ", "Yet, at the same time, understanding measured as the extent to which individuals can correctly recall information might also differ from true understanding.^[@r22],[@r23]^ Therefore, to some extent, both measures of understanding will remain necessary in comprehension studies.", "\n\nOur study also revealed a dilemma in the attempt to identify better ways of improving the informed consent process. ", "We found that only half of both cohorts had actually read at least half of the documents before the informed consent procedure in the study. ", "Although recommendations for learning materials suggest that people are more likely to read shorter rather than longer documents,^[@r03],[@r24]^ our study found no difference in participant reading status between the 2 cohorts. ", "Thus, the apparent length of an ICF seems to have little effect on motivating people to read it. ", "If a large proportion of potential participants do not even try to read a given ICF, any attempt to improve the quality of the text in the form would not actually substantially improve understanding. ", "This also raises ethical concerns for research, especially when research subjects are exposed to much higher risks than in a genetic cohort study,^[@r25]^ if they have not read a given ICF but participate without being aware of those risks.", "\n\nOur findings also highlighted an important ethical controversy over voluntariness, which is 1 of 4 essential attributes of valid informed consent. ", "Although our participants clearly knew that participation in the proposed genetic cohort study was entirely voluntary, many also felt some pressure to participate. ", "As explained in the Nuremberg Code, voluntary decision-making must involve an \"exercise of free power of choice, without the intervention of any element of force, fraud, deceit, duress, over-arching, or other ulterior form of constraint or coercion.", "\"^[@r26]^ However, voluntary choice does not mean \"that it cannot be influenced by a variety of factors, including preexisting characteristics of the individual deciding, aspects of his or her situation, and the desires and actions of third parties.", "\"^[@r27]^ Also, not all types of pressure are an undue influence or negate the voluntariness of consent. ", "Indeed, 99% of our participants indicated high trust in the researchers, over 90% had high satisfaction with the overall informed consent process, and half felt a sense of social duty to participate. ", "Such increased trust, satisfaction, and sense of duty to others are inevitable and necessary pressures to achieve ethically and practically successful research recruitment.^[@r28]^ Ironically, if these pressures also create an undue influence that diminishes the voluntariness of consent, any attempt to improve informed consent as a whole cannot avoid reducing voluntariness. ", "Because the nature of the voluntariness requirement has not been fully explored, further research is needed to clarify the relationships between voluntariness and pressure to participate.", "\n\nThis study has several limitations. ", "First, as the parent study was a genetic epidemiologic study that involves much less, if any, physical risk than typical clinical trials, the findings may not be immediately applicable to other studies, including clinical trials. ", "Second, the 5- to 8-minute verbal explanation given right before the informed consent process at the health-checkup site might have affected the understanding of our study participants, though the amount and complexity of information given verbally were very limited---much less than that included on the shorter consent form. ", "Third, information on funding support was not provided on the short form, which might raise ethical concerns that the absence of such information might diminish participant understanding of the possible risks of a proposed study. ", "However, several consent studies found that when financial considerations were the primary motivation for participating in clinical trials, individuals' understanding of the risks was not adversely affected.^[@r29]--[@r31]^ Nevertheless, there is a need for further research to determine if and how disclosing (or not disclosing) a financial relationship in a proposed observational study, such as a genetic cohort study, might affect participant understanding and the subsequent quality of informed consent. ", "Fourth, because this study was conducted in a rural area where people are generally considered more cooperative, and because the research team and municipal authorities had long had a good relationship, the results might differ if the study were conducted in an urban area or in an area without such longstanding good relationships. ", "Presumably, if we assume that the main reasons for not participating in a genetic cohort study are lack of time and the time-consuming nature of the study,^[@r32]^ a short form might be more effective in practice and ethically preferable in such areas.", "\n\nThis study also has important strengths, the most significant of which is that we conducted this consent study in an actual research situation. ", "In general, obtaining approval for add-on studies of the informed consent process has been difficult because many institutional ethics committees do not want researchers at their institutions to depart from the standard approach. ", "However, our ethics committee accepted both our previous empirical data and our hypothesis and offered us a chance to prove the hypothesis. ", "Another strength of the study is that we separated the development process of the short form from that of the standard form, thereby reducing possible bias in the development of the short form.", "\n\nIn conclusion, this study showed that ICF length does not materially affect the quality of informed consent or consent rate, which suggests that researchers who seek to maximize these 2 goals simultaneously should use a short form that is no less valid than a detailed, standard form and sufficiently satisfies both ethical requirements and practical needs. ", "Also, the unreflective belief that more information is always better than less information should be carefully reviewed before it is used as the ethical basis of research practice and ethics reviews.", "\n\nSUPPORTING INFORMATION\n======================\n\nAppendix is available on the journal\\'s website at http://dx.doi.org/10.2188/jea.JE20110104.", "\n\nWe thank Dr James Flory for his support in developing the short form and Dr Ezekiel Emanuel at the US National Institutes of Health for his general support of the study. ", "We also thank Dr Klaus Hoeyer for his very helpful review comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. ", "The study was approved by the ethics committee of Shiga University of Medical Science and supported by a Japanese Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (\\#15012227 and \\#20390184, and \\#17015018 on Priority Areas of Cancer) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, by the Japan Arteriosclerosis Prevention Fund, and by the Intramural Program of the US National Institutes of Health Clinical Center.", "\n\nConflicts of interest: None declared.", "\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Central" }

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[ "Introduction {#Sec1}\n============\n\nPolypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV), as defined by Yannuzzi *et al*^[@CR1]^., is characterized by polypoidal lesions and branching vascular networks with recurrent serosanguinous maculopathy^[@CR2]^ and is prevalent among Asian and African-American populations^[@CR3],[@CR4]^. It is included as a subtype of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) with a substantially shared genetic susceptibility with typical AMD^[@CR5]^ and has been successfully treated using anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) drugs--- both in clinical trials^[@CR6]--[@CR9]^ and in real-world clinical settings^[@CR10]--[@CR12]^. In addition, photodynamic therapy (PDT), with or without anti-VEGF drugs, has been reviewed and studied in multicenter randomized clinical trials^[@CR13],[@CR14]^. However, we and others have previously reported that treatment response and clinical prognosis are different according to the number of polypoidal lesions present^[@CR15]^, or lesion size^[@CR16],[@CR17]^, or genetic background^[@CR18]^. Therefore, PCV exhibits heterogeneity in treatment responses^[@CR15]--[@CR19]^.\n\nOne explanation for the heterogeneity may be the choroidal condition, which can be assessed by measuring the central choroidal thickness (CCT) and/or choroidal vessel diameter (CVD). ", "The concept of pachychoroid spectrum diseases was proposed by Freund *et al*.^[@CR2],[@CR20],[@CR21]^ the spectrum of diseases is associated with choroidal thickening and includes PCV as well as pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy, central serous chorioretinopathy, and type 1 pachychoroid neovasculopathy^[@CR20]--[@CR22]^. Miyake *et al*. ", "reported that patients with neovascularization in the choroid with a CCT ≥200 μm, called pachychoroid neovasculopathy, had lower genetic risk scores of susceptibility to neovascular AMD without pachychoroid^[@CR23]^, and proposed a difference in etiology depending on the presence or absence of pachychoroid. ", "Regarding PCV, Koizumi *et al*. ", "reported that the mean CCT was thicker in patients with PCV than in those with typical AMD as a whole^[@CR24]^; although, there was a pronounced inter-individual variability with CCT values^[@CR25]^. In addition, Lee *et al*. ", "reported that pachyvessels (larger diameter blood vessels) in Haller's layer (the outermost layer of the choroid) were identified under the site of neovascular ingrowth in more than 90% of the PCV eyes with a thin choroid (CCT ≤200 μm)^[@CR25]^, indicating that there were PCV patients who had pachyvessels in the choroid with no thickening of the choroid. ", "Thus, the impact of choroidal conditions on the pathogenesis and the relationships between pachyvessels and pachychoroid are not fully understood. ", "Moreover, dynamic changes in CVD and CCT, during clinical course of treating exudative changes, have not been analyzed. ", "In addition, Cheung *et al*. ", "described in their review article that criteria and the definitive threshold for pachychoroid and pachyvessels have not been developed and may be determined by characteristic morphological changes, which alter choroidal function^[@CR2]^. Meanwhile, the cut-off values based on differences in treatment responses and recurrences would be useful in evaluating prognosis in the clinic and analyzing whether there may be clinical differences in PCVs according to choroidal conditions.", "\n\nIn this study, we evaluated whether responses to anti-VEGF therapy differ according to choroidal conditions in the patients who were diagnosed with PCV by focusing on the achievement of a dry macula after three initial monthly injections as the induction phase and the prognosis after 24 months of follow-up. ", "The cut-off values of the choroidal conditions that showed different clinical courses were analyzed. ", "We then demonstrated dynamic choroidal changes over time during anti-VEGF monotherapy using a pro re nata (PRN) regimen following the induction phase and compared the values of CVD and CCT at respective time points of remission and recurrence among groups, which were divided based on whether the patients had pachyvessels and pachychoroid at baseline, to discuss differences in the clinical course of PCVs with or without pachyvessels and/or pachychoroid and the mechanism of the pachychoroid spectrum.", "\n\nResults {#Sec2}\n=======\n\nBaseline characteristics and overall outcomes {#Sec3}\n---------------------------------------------\n\nAmong 100 eyes of 100 patients (69.4 ± 0.9 years of age), 70 (70%) belonged to men (Table [1](#Tab1){ref-type=\"table\"}). ", "Overall, the mean best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) (Fig.", " [1a](#Fig1){ref-type=\"fig\"}), central retinal thickness (CRT) (Fig.", " [1b](#Fig1){ref-type=\"fig\"}), vertical CVD at the foveal region (Fig.", " [1c](#Fig1){ref-type=\"fig\"}), and CCT (Fig.", " [1d](#Fig1){ref-type=\"fig\"}) measured in the OCT images were significantly improved after the induction phase compared with the initial values, and the improvement was preserved at month 24 following the PRN regimen. ", "During the 24-month follow-up, the mean number of injections was 7.4 ± 0.4. ", "There were no differences in the data at baseline and at 24 months between the eyes that underwent intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR) and aflibercept (IVA) injections (data not shown).Table 1Baseline characteristics.", "Age69.4 ± 0.9Gender (male; eyes \\[%\\])70 (70.0)BCVA (LogMAR)0.236 ± 0.033CRT (μm)354 ± 17CVD (μm)179 ± 6CCT (μm)228 ± 7**Fundus findings**Intraretinal fluid (eyes \\[%\\])19 (19.0)Serous retinal detachment (eyes \\[%\\])75 (75.0)Retinal hemorrhage (eyes \\[%\\])46 (46.0)Serous PED (\\>2DD) (eyes \\[%\\])18 (18.0)Hemorrhagic PED (\\>3DD) (eyes \\[%\\])12 (12.0)Multiple polyps (eyes \\[%\\])30 (30.0)Data are shown in mean ± SE. ", "BCVA, best and on recurrences during 24 months of follow-up-corrected visual acuity; CRT, central retinal thickness; CVD, choroidal vessel diameter; CCT, central choroidal thickness; PED, pigment epithelial detachment; DD, disc diameter.", "Figure 1Mean outcome values over time during anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy. ", "A two-tailed *t*-test was performed between the data at baseline and after the induction phase or at 24 months. ", "Mean best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) (**a**), central retinal thickness (CRT) (**b**), choroidal vessel diameter (CVD) (**c**), and central choroidal thickness (CCT) (**d**) were significantly improved after the induction phase and at 24 months. ", "Data are shown as the mean ± SE. ", "\\*\\*P \\< 0.01.", "\n\nTreatment outcomes of patients with a still-wet macula after the induction phase {#Sec4}\n--------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nAfter three monthly injections of anti-VEGF drugs in the induction phase, 31 eyes (31%) still exhibited exudative changes above the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and/or hemorrhage at any level in the fundus, and thus had a wet macula (Table [2](#Tab2){ref-type=\"table\"}). ", "The mean BCVA was worse and the mean CRT was greater at 24 months in the 31 eyes, although the initial BCVA and CRT were not different between the two groups (data not shown). ", "The injections in these 31 eyes were significantly more frequent in average than in the eyes with a dry macula after the induction phase (Table [2](#Tab2){ref-type=\"table\"}). ", "Thus, the eyes with a wet macula after the induction phase had a worse prognosis than those with a dry macula.", "Table 2Twenty-four months outcomes of the patients with a wet or dry macula after induction phase.", "EyesWet maculaDry maculaP value3169**Data at month 24**BCVA (LogMAR)0.285 ± 0.0750.128 ± 0.0030.023\\*CRT (μm)269 ± 28217 ± 110.048\\*CVD (μm)140 ± 9138 ± 60.862CCT (μm)182 ± 15200 ± 90.334Mean injection number8.7 ± 0.76.8 ± 0.40.024\\*History of recurrences (eyes \\[%\\])19 (62.3)58 (79.3)0.077Data are shown in mean ± SE. ", "A two-tailed *t*-test or Chi-squared test was performed. ", "BCVA, best-corrected visual acuity; CRT, central retinal thickness; CVD, choroidal vessel diameter; CCT, central choroidal thickness. ", "\\*P \\< 0.05, \\*\\*P \\< 0.01.", "\n\nPredictors of a wet macula after the induction phase {#Sec5}\n----------------------------------------------------\n\nSubsequently, predictors of a wet macula following the induction phase were evaluated by multivariable logistic regression analyses adjusting for age and gender (Table [3](#Tab3){ref-type=\"table\"}). ", "When we define the pachyvessels as CVD ≥180 μm and pachychoroid as CCT ≥220 μm, we found that eyes having initial pachyvessels (OR 5.834 \\[95%CI 2.053 to 16.57\\]; P = 0.008) and pachychoroid (OR 4.970 \\[95%CI 1.840 to 13.43\\]; P = 0.002) had respective significant risks of wet macula following the induction phase. ", "In these definitions, the ORs were the greatest with significant risks.", "Table 3Predictors of wet macula after induction phase.", "OR95%CIP valuePachyvessels in the choroid (CVD ≥180 μm)5.8342.053 to 16.570.008\\*\\*Pachychoroid (CCT ≥220 μm)4.9701.840 to 13.430.002\\*\\*Multivariable logistic regression analyses adjusted for age and gender. ", "CVD, choroidal vessel diameter; CCT, central choroidal thickness. ", "\\*\\*P \\< 0.01.", "\n\nRisks for exudative changes in the patients with a CVD ≥180 μm and/or CCT ≥220 μm at baseline {#Sec6}\n---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nTo compare the risk of exudative changes with or without pachyvessels and pachychoroid, the patients were divided into four groups according to the initial vertical CVD (thin vessels \\[CVD \\<180 μm\\] or pachyvessels \\[CVD ≥180 μm\\] in the choroid) and initial CCT (thin choroid \\[CCT \\<220 μm\\] or pachychoroid \\[CCT ≥220 μm\\]) (Table [4](#Tab4){ref-type=\"table\"}). ", "The mean age was lower in the groups with pachyvessels with or without pachychoroid (P \\< 0.05). ", "In the eyes presenting with both initial pachyvessels in the choroid and pachychoroid, a greater number of the eyes had a wet macula after the induction phase (OR 8.79 \\[95%CI 1.27 to 3.16\\]; P = 0.003) and at 24 months (OR 4.03 \\[95%CI 1.17 to 13.9\\]; P = 0.007) after adjusting for age and gender.", "Table 4Exudative changes during anti-vascular endothelial growth factor monotherapy without or with pachyvessels in the choroid and/or pachychoroid.", "Initial CVD\\<180 μm\\<180 μm≥180 μm≥180 μmInitial CCT\\<220 μm≥220 μm\\<220 μm≥220 μmEyes29201833Age (mean ± SE)72.8 ± 1.171.1 ± 2.466.9 ± 2.766.6 ± 1.4Gender (Male \\[%\\])18 (62.7)14 (70.0)12 (66.7)26 (78.8)**Wet macula**After induction phase (eyes \\[%\\])4 (13.8)6 (30.0)3 (16.7)18 (54.5)Odds ratio (P, 95%CI)11.69 (0.16, 0.82--3.51)1.71 (0.56, 0.27--10.6)**8**.**79** (**0**.**003\\*\\***, **1**.**27--3**.**16**)At 24 M (eyes \\[%\\])8 (27.6)5 (25.0)4 (22.2)17 (51.5)Odds ratio (P, 95%CI)10.86 (0.82, 0.23--3.20)1.04 (0.96, 0.24--4.47)**4**.**03** (**0**.**03\\***, **1**.**17--13**.**9**)Recurrences (eyes \\[%\\])16 (51.7)17 (85.0)15 (83.3)27 (81.8)Odds ratio (P, 95%CI)11.79 (0.10, 0.90--3.54)**5**.**99** (**0**.**04\\***, **1**.**12--31**.**9**)**7**.**17** (**0**.**01\\***, **1**.**49--34**.**5**)Injection number (mean ± SE)6.0 ± 0.68.8 ± 1.07.8 ± 1.06.7 ± 0.5A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Turkey's post hoc test and multivariable logistic regression analyses adjusted for age and gender at the time of initial injection. ", "CCT, central choroidal thickness; CVD, choroidal vessel diameter. ", "\\*P \\< 0.05, \\*\\*P \\< 0.01.", "\n\nIn the 97 eyes that achieved a dry macula during the 24 month period,excluding 3 eyes that did not achieve a dry macula despite receiving constant injections, 75 eyes (77.3%) exhibited recurrent exudative changes including hemorrhage after transient remission within the 24-month period (data not shown). ", "After adjusting for age and gender, groups exhibiting initial pachyvessels with (OR 7.17 \\[95%CI 1.49 to 34.5\\]; P = 0.01) or without (OR 5.99 \\[95%CI 1.12 to 31.9\\]; P = 0.04) pachychoroid had a greater risk. ", "The three eyes that persistently had a wet macula were in the group with the initial pachyvessels and pachychoroid.", "\n\nDynamic changes in choroidal conditions at the time of the first remission and recurrence {#Sec7}\n-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nTo elucidate whether choroidal changes are involved in the pathogenesis of PCV-related exudative changes, CVD and CCT at the time of achieving the first dry macula, one month prior to the first recurrence, and the first recurrence were analyzed in the eyes with recurrence (Fig.", " [2a](#Fig2){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "The mean CVD and CCT were both reduced at the time of the first remission achieving a dry macula; however, they were increased at the time of the first recurrence. ", "Moreover, an increase in the mean CVD preceded the recurrent exudative changes; the mean CVD was already increased one month prior to the recurrence. ", "In contrast, the other 22 eyes that did not have recurrences after the first remission showed a decreased mean CVD and CCT at the time of achieving a dry macula and did not show changes in the values throughout the rest of the course (Fig.", " [2b](#Fig2){ref-type=\"fig\"}).Figure 2Dynamic changes in mean vertical choroidal vessel diameter (CVD) and central choroidal thickness (CCT) after anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy. ", "A two-tailed *t*-test was performed between the data at baseline and at the time of achieving the first dry macula (\\*P \\< 0.05, \\*\\*P \\< 0.01), between the time of achieving the first dry macula and the indicated later time points (¶P \\< 0.05, ¶¶P \\< 0.01), and between the data of pachyvessel (+) and pachychoroid (+) group and the pachyvessel (−) and pachychoroid (−) group at respective time points of remission and recurrence (^†^P \\< 0.001). (**", "a**) Mean CVD and CCT of the patients who had recurrent exudative changes (n = 75). ", "The mean CVD and CCT were significantly decreased at the time of achieving the first dry macula after anti-VEGF treatment. ", "Compared with the time of the first dry macula, the mean CVD and CCT were increased at the time of the first recurrence. ", "In addition, the mean CVD was already increased one month prior to recurrence. (**", "b**) Mean CVD and CCT changes in the patients who had no recurrent exudative changes after achieving a dry macula until 24 months (n = 22). ", "Compared with the baseline, the mean CVD and CCT were significantly decreased at the time of achieving a dry macula (\\*P \\< 0.05), and the values were not changed until 24 months. (**", "c**,**d**) The recurrent patients were divided into four groups with or without pachyvessels in the choroid (CVD ≥180 μm) and pachychoroid (CCT ≥220 μm). ", "Compared with the baseline, the mean CVD (**c**) and CCT (**d**) were significantly decreased at the time of achieving the first dry macula after anti-VEGF treatment in all groups. (**", "c**) The mean CVD was increased at the time of the first recurrence in all groups. ", "A CVD increase one month prior to the first recurrence was significant in the eyes with pachyvessels in the choroid and pachychoroid. (**", "d**) The mean CCT increase at the time of the first recurrence of exudative changes was significant in the eyes with pachyvessels with and without pachychoroid. (**", "c**,**d**) The mean CVD and CCT at the times of remission and recurrence were significantly different between the PV+, PC+ group and the PV−, PC− group. ", "PV, pachyvessels in the choroid; PC, pachychoroid. ", "n = 27 (PV+, PC+), 15 (PV+, PC−), 17 (PV−, PC+), 16 (PV−, PC−). ", "Data are shown as the mean ± SE.", "\n\nThe changes in CVD (Fig.", " [2c](#Fig2){ref-type=\"fig\"}) and CCT (Fig.", " [2d](#Fig2){ref-type=\"fig\"}) were compared in the four groups, which were divided according to the initial CVD and CCT values. ", "In all the groups, both the CVD and CCT were significantly decreased at remission (P \\< 0.05 or \\<0.01), and the CVD was increased at the time of recurrence (P \\< 0.01 in all). ", "The significant increase in CVD one month prior to the first recurrence was obvious in the group that initially exhibited both pachyvessels in the choroid and pachychoroid (P \\< 0.05); a similar trend was also observed in the other groups. ", "The significant increase in CCT at the time of recurrence, as compared with that at remission, was observed only in the groups having pachyvessels (CVD ≥180 μm) irrespective of the presence (P \\< 0.05) or absence (P \\< 0.01) of pachychoroid.", "\n\nEach value of CVD (p \\< 0.001) and CCT (p \\< 0.001) at the times of remission and recurrence was significantly different between the pachyvessel (+) and pachychoroid (+) group and the pachyvessel (−) and pachychoroid (−) group (Fig.", " [2c,d](#Fig2){ref-type=\"fig\"}, Supplementary Table [S1](#MOESM1){ref-type=\"media\"}).", "\n\nDiscussion {#Sec8}\n==========\n\nWe demonstrated that the presence of pachyvessels in the choroid and pachychoroid, as defined by a vertical CVD **≥**180 μm and CCT ≥220 μm at baseline, respectively, were risk factors for a still-wet macula after the three monthly injections during the induction phase, which reflected the worse visual outcome at 24 months. ", "Among the four groups, which were divided based on whether they had pachyvessels in the choroid and/or pachychoroid at baseline, the recurrence risk was higher in the groups having pachyvessels with or without pachychoroid. ", "The mean CVD and CCT were decreased at the time of achieving a dry macula and increased at the time of recurrent exudative changes in all groups. ", "Moreover, an increase in CVD was detected one month prior to the first recurrence; this was overall significant and particularly pronounced in the pachyvessels with CVD ≥180 μm (+) and pachychoroid with CCT ≥220 μm (+) group. ", "Interestingly, the CVD and CCT not only at the time of recurrence but remission differed based on whether the eyes had pachyvessels in the choroid and pachychoroid at baseline.", "\n\nOverall visual prognosis, CRT, CVD, and CCT were improved following treatment in the current study; the mean CCT was reduced by 9% at month 24 (data not shown), which is consistent with the results of a previous report showing a 13% reduction in CCT at month 12 with bimonthly aflibercept treatment after the three induction injections in a sample of eyes with exudative AMD, including PCV and typical AMD^[@CR26]^. A dry macula was achieved with the induction treatment in 69% of the treatment-naïve eyes in the current study, which is consistent with the results of previous studies on eyes with PCV and typical AMD; it was achieved in 71.6% of the treatment naïve eyes^[@CR27]^ and in 68.8% of eyes with or without previous treatments^[@CR28]^ after the three monthly injections of aflibercept and ranibizumab, respectively. ", "The recurrence rate is reported to be as high as 40 to 80% by 3 years^[@CR2],[@CR29]--[@CR31]^, and the current result, 77.3%, was within this previously reported range.", "\n\nInterestingly, a still-wet macula after three monthly anti-VEGF injections was predicted by pachyvessels in the choroid and pachychoroid as defined by a CVD ≥180 μm, and CCT ≥220 μm, respectively. ", "Recurrence after achieving a dry macula was also related to pachyvessels with a CVD ≥180 μm at baseline. ", "Evaluating CVD and CCT will help patients and physicians estimate the prognosis and plan a treatment schedule at an early date in the clinic.", "\n\nWe then focused on the dynamic changes in choroidal conditions during anti-VEGF therapy. ", "In this study, which involved PRN treatment, CCT was reduced with the anti-VEGF therapy at the time of remission, findings similar to those of previous studies^[@CR12],[@CR24],[@CR27]^. Moreover, CVD was also reduced in the current study. ", "The reductions were still obvious after dividing the eyes into four groups based on the initial CVD and CCT values. ", "Both the CVD and CCT were increased at the time of the first recurrence compared with the overall values at the time of remission. ", "Considering that a CVD increase preceded the recurrence, especially in the group exhibiting both pachyvessels and pachychoroid, and that the odds ratio of recurrence was similar among patients with pachyvessels in the choroid irrespective of the presence of pachychoroid, CVD rather than CCT may be responsible for exudative changes in PCV. ", "These results suggest that the CVD increase induced a CCT increase and recurrent exudative changes. ", "Thus, CVD may be an indicator and a biomarker of disease activity.", "\n\nStrikingly, both the CVD and CCT at the time of achieving the first dry macula were significantly different between the group with both the pachyvessels in the choroid and pachychoroid and the group with neither. ", "The anti-VEGF therapy did not lower the CVD or CCT in the pachyvessel (+) and pachychoroid (+) group to the degree seen in the pachyvessel (−) and pachychoroid (−) group, suggesting that the pachyvessels and pachychoroid before the activation of the lesion and the onset of exudative changes may involve mechanisms that are not VEGF-related. ", "Thus, CVD and CCT may not be necessarily regulated only by VEGF in pachyvessel (+) and pachychoroid (+) eyes. ", "Lee *et al*.^[@CR32]^ and Hata *et al*.^[@CR33]^ reported that the intraocular VEGF level was lower in patients with pachychoroid, supporting the idea. ", "The mechanism may involve other inflammatory cytokines. ", "Alternatively, the balance of sympathetic and parasympathetic activities for autoregulation of choroidal flow may be disturbed, given that choroidal flow is regulated mainly by a neurogenic mechanism rather than hypoxia/normoxia^[@CR34]^. The patients with pachyvessels with a CVD ≥180 μm were significantly younger and may have had different genetic backgrounds^[@CR23],[@CR35]^. In contrast, an increase in CVD and CCT resulting in recurrence may be regulated by VEGF, given that anti-VEGF therapy may effectively reverse the change.", "\n\nBoth the CVD and CCT at the time of recurrence were also significantly greater in the pachyvessel (+) and pachychoroid (+) group than in the pachyvessel (−) and pachychoroid (−) group, suggesting that the threshold of the RPE integrity to avoid exudative changes might be higher in the pachyvessel (+) and pachychoroid (+) group; this may also be related to the fact that the patients were younger in the pachyvessel (+) and pachychoroid (+) group and that the aging of and/or damage to the RPE was not as severe when compared with PCV patients without pachy-phenotypes.", "\n\nOther than CVD and CCT, choroidal vascular hyperpermeability (CVH) may also be of note in pachychoroid spectrum diseases^[@CR36]--[@CR39]^, which is also observed in the asymptomatic fellow eyes^[@CR40]^. The relationship between pachychoroid and CVH and its impact on the pathogenesis of PCV have recently been analyzed^[@CR40]--[@CR42]^. The relationship between changes in CVD and CVH would be an interesting topic for future study, although it is difficult to quantify CVH.", "\n\nWhile PCV and the pachychoroid condition may be frequently seen in the Asian population^[@CR4]^, the current data also show dynamic changes in the choroidal conditions of patients with thin vessels and/or a thin choroid. ", "The choroidal vascular dilation and thickening were related to the exudative change, and the dynamic change was related to VEGF, irrespective of the presence of pachyvessels and pachychoroid. ", "Thus, the results fit the global interest and are also relevant to the other racial cohorts; additionally, the results may facilitate the future study of dynamic changes in the choroidal condition in other subtypes of AMD. ", "Furthermore, the basal level of the choroidal condition may be regulated by a mechanism that is not VEGF-related; however, exudative related dynamic choroidal changes were VEGF-related. ", "Thus, the concept that two different regulatory mechanisms exist in the choroid may help deepen our understanding of choroidal diseases and necessitate further studies in the future.", "\n\nThere were limitations in the current study, which included its retrospective design and relatively small sample size. ", "Re-injection during the PRN regimen was determined by individual physicians and not the reading center; additionally, the data included those of patients treated with either aflibercept or ranibizumab. ", "However, OCT images and fundus photographs clearly indicated the presence or absence of exudative changes, including hemorrhage during the course, and appropriateness of the re-injections were retrospectively confirmed. ", "Including patients treated by either drug may underestimate the reduction in the CVD and/or CCT based on differences in the extent of VEGF suppression according to the drug type. ", "Nonetheless, we obtained significant data. ", "The point also enabled us to demonstrate the generality of the results during anti-VEGF therapy.", "\n\nIn summary, the initial presence of pachyvessels in the choroid (vertical CVD ≥180 μm) and pachychoroid (CCT ≥220 μm) were risk factors for the exudative changes remaining after the induction phase; additionally, pachyvessels in the choroid were a risk factor for recurrence with or without pachychoroid in PCV. ", "Both the CVD and CCT decreased at the time of achieving a dry macula in response to anti-VEGF therapy and increased when the eye had recurrent exudative changes in all the groups, whereas a CVD increase preceded the recurrence. ", "Taken together, dynamic changes in the CVD may regulate choroidal thickness to induce exudative changes in PCV, and the disease activity may be regulated by VEGF. ", "Choroidal conditions, in particular dynamic CVD change, could be a biomarker of recurrent exudative changes, whereas the initial CVD may determine the risk of recurrence. ", "The CVD and CCT differed between the groups with or without pachyvessels and pachychoroid even at the time of achieving a dry macula after anti-VEGF therapy, suggesting that in the pachychoroid spectrum groups, regulatory mechanisms that are not VEGF-related may be involved in the basal choroidal conditions. ", "Thus, the difference in background choroidal condition may cause different clinical courses during anti-VEGF therapy in PCV, although further study is required.", "\n\nMethods {#Sec9}\n=======\n\nThe current study adhered to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki, was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Keio University School of Medicine (Tokyo, Japan; 2010002), and was registered as UMIN000007649. ", "Informed consent was obtained from all subjects.", "\n\nSubjects {#Sec10}\n--------\n\nThis was a retrospective study based on the medical chart review of 100 eyes in 100 patients who were diagnosed with PCV and unilaterally treated with either intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR) or aflibercept (IVA) monotherapy at the Medical Retina Division Clinic (AMD Clinic) of the Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University Hospital between June 2009 and April 2016. ", "All patients attended the clinic for at least 24 months. ", "Patients who underwent surgery or PDT or other drug injections or who did not receive re-injection in accordance with the re-injection criteria during the course were excluded.", "\n\nOcular examinations {#Sec11}\n-------------------\n\nAll subjects underwent BCVA measurements with refraction testing throughout the course of treatment, slit-lamp examination, and binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy after pupil dilation with 0.5% tropicamide. ", "These examinations were performed at every follow-up visit.", "\n\nAngiography {#Sec12}\n-----------\n\nFluorescein angiography (FA) and indocyanine green angiography (IA) were performed at baseline using a retinal camera (TRC50DX, Topcon, Tokyo, Japan). ", "Diagnoses of PCV were made according to the Treatment of Age-Related Macular Degeneration with Photodynamic Therapy criteria and performed by retina specialists (NN, MS, and YO)^[@CR43]^.\n\nOptical coherence tomography {#Sec13}\n----------------------------\n\nOptical coherence tomography (OCT) images were recorded at every follow-up visit using an OCT instrument (Spectralis, Heidelberg Engineering, Dossenheim, Germany). ", "CRT was defined as the distance between the internal limiting membrane and the presumed RPE at the fovea. ", "The vertical diameter of the thickest outer choroidal vessel in Haller's layer of the foveal region was defined as the CVD (Fig.", " [3](#Fig3){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "The CRT, CVD, and CCT were measured by referring to the scale bars in the OCT system. ", "Dry macula was defined as having no fluid above the RPE and no hemorrhage in the fundus.", "Figure 3Measurement of choroidal vessel diameter (CVD) and central choroidal thickness (CCT) in the optical coherence tomography (OCT) image. ", "The CVD (vertical diameter of the thickest outer choroidal vessel in the foveal region, arrow) and CCT were measured by referring to the scale bars in the OCT system. ", "Choroid is contoured by the dotted line.", "\n\nIntravitreal injections {#Sec14}\n-----------------------\n\nEither ranibizumab (0.5 mg \\[0.05 mL\\]) or aflibercept (2 mg \\[0.05 mL\\]) were injected intravitreally under sterile conditions via the pars plana once per month for 3 months as the induction phase, and then as needed (PRN). ", "Any intra- and/or subretinal fluid and hemorrhage in the fundus at the time of the visits was re-treated.", "\n\nStatistical analyses {#Sec15}\n--------------------\n\nCommercially available software (SPSS version 23.0, IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA) was used for statistical analysis; P \\< 0.05 was considered statistically significant. ", "Two-tailed t-tests, the chi-squared test, Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient, one-way analysis of variance with Tukey's post hoc testing, and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed. ", "All results are expressed as the mean ± standard error.", "\n\nSupplementary information\n=========================\n\n {#Sec16}\n\nSupplementary Table S1\n\n**Publisher's note:** Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.", "\n\nSupplementary information\n=========================\n\n**Supplementary information** accompanies this paper at 10.1038/s41598-019-47738-9.", "\n\nThe authors thank all the clinical staff members for assistance at the Medical Retina Clinic.", "\n\nConception and designs: N.N., Y.O. Data collection: N.N., M.S., S.M., Y.O. Analysis and interpretation: N.N. Obtain funding: N.N., M.S., S.M., T.K., M.K., H.S., K.W., A.U., H.S. Review the manuscript: H.S., K.T. Overall responsibility: Y.O.\n\nThe protocol and the datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.", "\n\nThe authors declare no competing interests.", "\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Central" }

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[ "Poor Badminton Player Behavio\n\nFrei\n\nWelcome to Poor Badminton Player Behavior, in this app you will learn about poor badminton player's behavior. ", "Learn and improve your badminton game from badminton coach Lee Jae Bok and reach high levels.", "In this app you will know what is poor badminton player's behavior and avoid it to improve your badminton game. ", "The navigation is simple just tap on the top menu or slide the navigation drawer from left to see the items which you can tap on like Training Clips, Badminton rules. ", "When you tap on the Training clips you will get list of badminton training videos by Coach Lee Jae Bok and you can also filter the list of badminton videos by simply entering the keywords related to that badminton training. ", "Once you open or filter the badminton clips just tap on it and you will be able to see the badminton training videos by which you can take your game to next level. ", "If you want more badminton training apps then tap on the context menu on the top right and select more apps. ", "I hope this app will hep you to take your badminton game to next level and all the very best to your badminton training.", "\nCoach Lee explains about poor badminton player’s behavior. ", "The training consists of 13 lessons.", "Lesson 1 - Cheating Line CallsLesson 2 - The Player who says I should have wonLesson 3 - Excuses, excuses and excusesLesson 4 - Player who is depending on his parentsLesson 5 - King and ServantLesson 6 - Lecturing PartnerLesson 7 - Talking to himselfLesson 8 - Become a puppy in a warm houseLesson 9 - Cheating line calls 2Lesson 10 - How do I lookLesson 11 - Funny and cheating deceptionLesson 12 - Angry at shuttlecocksLesson 13 - Emotionally fighting\nLearn from coach Lee Jae Bok and take your game to next level." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

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[ "Music, blindingly GREAT music.", "\n\nJustin Hawkins Takes “Hot Leg” To The Stage\n\nTwo nights ago marked the return of former “The Darkness” front-man Justin Hawkins to the live stage.", "\n\nIn his first gig in 2 years Justin unveiled his new band “Hot Leg” to an audience at the Proud Galleries in Camden, performing a mix of both original material and a few covers.", "\n\nJustin left the Darkness in 2006 after a drug-induced breakdown, but according to reports was back to his old flamboyant self on Wednesday night. ", "The band finished up their set by playing a reminiscent version of The Darkness’ “I believe in a thing called love”, a major hit for the band in 2003.", "\n\nThe bands tour is set to continue:\n\nBirmingham Barfly (August 7)\n\nManchester Roadhouse (8)\n\nGlasgow King Tut’s Wah Wah Hut (9)\n\nJustin spoke to reporters after the show telling the BBC :\n\n“It’s the first time I’ve done a proper music concert in a couple of years“.", "\n\nIn its height of success, Justin’s previous band, The Darkness, won three Brit Awards and had five UK Top Ten hits as well as a five times over platinum selling album." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

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[ "Proteasomal degradation of damaged polyubiquitin.", "\nUbiquitination is one of the most important post-translational modifications of proteins and is involved in various cellular activities, such as proteasomal protein degradation. ", "Ubiquitination is performed via sequential reactions of three enzymes producing polyubiquitin chains, while deubiquitination enzymes can reverse this process, making it possible to recycle ubiquitin molecules. ", "However, such repeated use may seriously damage ubiquitin molecules and result in cell toxicity. ", "Here we show efficient, selective proteasomal degradation of damaged polyubiquitin chains both in vitro and in vivo. ", "However, the degradation efficiency of the damaged polyubiquitin strongly depends on the extent and location of damage to polyubiquitin. ", "Moderate damage at the C-terminal ubiquitin moiety accelerates the degradation of polyubiquitin chains, whereas other damaged ubiquitin escapes from proteasomal degradation. ", "We suggest that the cell can cope with damaged ubiquitin by the cooperative actions of the proteasome and autophagy." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "Hutchinson Mills, New Jersey\n\nHutchinson Mills is an unincorporated community located within Hamilton Township in Mercer County, New Jersey, United States. ", "The neighborhood is centered about the intersection of Klockner Road and East State Street Extension (County Route 535). ", "Residences are located along the south side of Klockner Road while light industrial facilities are along CR 535.", "\n\nReferences\n\nCategory:Hamilton Township, Mercer County, New Jersey\nCategory:Unincorporated communities in Mercer County, New Jersey" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

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[ "Nova: Cracking Your Genetic Code\n\nNova explores the development of gene-based medicine in this provocative program, reviewing the cases of patients who are benefiting from these evolutions in medicine as they battle cancer and cystic fibrosis. ", "See how the predictive power of genetics may influence how we might fight disease before its onset, and also how the possession of the information contained in our DNA could affect areas of our lives outside of our personal health. ", "60 min. ", "Widescreen (Enhanced); Soundtrack: English Dolby Digital stereo; Subtitles: English (SDH).", "\n\nYou May Also Like\n\nNova explores the development of gene-based medicine in this provocative program, reviewing the cases of patients who are benefiting from these evolutions in medicine as they battle cancer and cystic fibrosis. ", "See how the predictive power of genetics may influence how we might fight disease before its onset, and also how the possession of the information contained in our DNA could affect areas of our lives outside of our personal health. ", "60 min. ", "Widescreen (Enhanced); Soundtrack: English Dolby Digital stereo; Subtitles: English (SDH)." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

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[ "Heh, this is one of the many reasons why I like her." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }

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[ "We are a full service management company located in Northwest Montana's Flathead Valley. ", "We service Bigfork, Columbia Falls, Kalispell, Lakeside, Polson, Whitefish and beyond. ", "Our business is based on performance, and we bring the professionalism and judgement necessary to manage your property, leaving you time that can be put to better use in your primary business or profession. ", "Since our conception, we have focused on Homeowners Association Management, later expanding into the rental and leasing of homes, apartments, condos and commercial buildings bringing a fresh alternative to property owners in the Flathead Valley.", "\n\nAs a Team of licensed and bonded professionals, we have the expertise needed to provide you with complete assurance that your property will be managed efficiently, your tenants treated fairly and with respect, and their problems handled promptly and courteously.", "\n\nIncome Property Management is a business. ", "As with any business venture, the degree of success is often tied to the degree of direct, skilled and professional management of that business. ", "We are here for the investors who do not possess the time or the expertise required for \"hands on\" supervision of their properties. ", "Recognizing that the needs of each client will be unique in their financial, professional and personal objectives, we will design our services and fees to accommodate each individual client. ", "We will work together to formulate a plan that enables your investment to achieve the maximum income potential at an affordable cost.", "\n\nAt Western Mountains Property Management, we bring pride and professional expertise to the owner’s property management requirements. ", "We are dependable, responsive and quality focused. ", "Above all, we are team players who work with our property owners to accomplish a common goal which is to maximize your assets!" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

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[ "// Copyright 2014 beego Author. ", "All Rights Reserved.", "\n//\n// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.", "\n// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n//\n// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n//\n// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.", "\n// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n// limitations under the License.", "\n\npackage orm\n\nimport (\n\t\"context\"\n\t\"database/sql\"\n\t\"reflect\"\n\t\"time\"\n)\n\n// Driver define database driver\ntype Driver interface {\n\tName() string\n\tType() DriverType\n}\n\n// Fielder define field info\ntype Fielder interface {\n\tString() string\n\tFieldType() int\n\tSetRaw(interface{}) error\n\tRawValue() interface{}\n}\n\n// Ormer define the orm interface\ntype Ormer interface {\n\t// read data to model\n\t// for example:\n\t//\tthis will find User by Id field\n\t// \tu = &User{Id: user.", "Id}\n\t// \terr = Ormer.", "Read(u)\n\t//\tthis will find User by UserName field\n\t// \tu = &User{UserName: \"astaxie\", Password: \"pass\"}\n\t//\terr = Ormer.", "Read(u, \"UserName\")\n\tRead(md interface{}, cols ...string) error\n\t// Like Read(), but with \"FOR UPDATE\" clause, useful in transaction.", "\n\t// Some databases are not support this feature.", "\n\tReadForUpdate(md interface{}, cols ...string) error\n\t// Try to read a row from the database, or insert one if it doesn't exist\n\tReadOrCreate(md interface{}, col1 string, cols ...string) (bool, int64, error)\n\t// insert model data to database\n\t// for example:\n\t// user := new(User)\n\t// id, err = Ormer.", "Insert(user)\n\t// user must be a pointer and Insert will set user's pk field\n\tInsert(interface{}) (int64, error)\n\t// mysql:InsertOrUpdate(model) or InsertOrUpdate(model,\"colu=colu+value\")\n\t// if colu type is integer : can use(+-*/), string : convert(colu,\"value\")\n\t// postgres: InsertOrUpdate(model,\"conflictColumnName\") or InsertOrUpdate(model,\"conflictColumnName\",\"colu=colu+value\")\n\t// if colu type is integer : can use(+-*/), string : colu || \"value\"\n\tInsertOrUpdate(md interface{}, colConflitAndArgs ...string) (int64, error)\n\t// insert some models to database\n\tInsertMulti(bulk int, mds interface{}) (int64, error)\n\t// update model to database.", "\n\t// cols set the columns those want to update.", "\n\t// find model by Id(pk) field and update columns specified by fields, if cols is null then update all columns\n\t// for example:\n\t// user := User{Id: 2}\n\t//\tuser.", "Langs = append(user.", "Langs, \"zh-CN\", \"en-US\")\n\t//\tuser.", "Extra.", "Name = \"beego\"\n\t//\tuser.", "Extra.", "Data = \"orm\"\n\t//\tnum, err = Ormer.", "Update(&user, \"Langs\", \"Extra\")\n\tUpdate(md interface{}, cols ...string) (int64, error)\n\t// delete model in database\n\tDelete(md interface{}, cols ...string) (int64, error)\n\t// load related models to md model.", "\n\t// args are limit, offset int and order string.", "\n\t//\n\t// example:\n\t// \tOrmer.", "LoadRelated(post,\"Tags\")\n\t// \tfor _,tag := range post.", "Tags{...}\n\t//args[0] bool true useDefaultRelsDepth ; false depth 0\n\t//args[0] int loadRelationDepth\n\t//args[1] int limit default limit 1000\n\t//args[2] int offset default offset 0\n\t//args[3] string order for example : \"-Id\"\n\t// make sure the relation is defined in model struct tags.", "\n\tLoadRelated(md interface{}, name string, args ...interface{}) (int64, error)\n\t// create a models to models queryer\n\t// for example:\n\t// \tpost := Post{Id: 4}\n\t// \tm2m := Ormer.", "QueryM2M(&post, \"Tags\")\n\tQueryM2M(md interface{}, name string) QueryM2Mer\n\t// return a QuerySeter for table operations.", "\n\t// table name can be string or struct.", "\n\t// e.g. QueryTable(\"user\"), QueryTable(&user{}) or QueryTable((*User)(nil)),\n\tQueryTable(ptrStructOrTableName interface{}) QuerySeter\n\t// switch to another registered database driver by given name.", "\n\tUsing(name string) error\n\t// begin transaction\n\t// for example:\n\t// \to := NewOrm()\n\t// \terr := o.Begin()\n\t// \t...\n\t// \terr = o.Rollback()\n\tBegin() error\n\t// begin transaction with provided context and option\n\t// the provided context is used until the transaction is committed or rolled back.", "\n\t// if the context is canceled, the transaction will be rolled back.", "\n\t// the provided TxOptions is optional and may be nil if defaults should be used.", "\n\t// if a non-default isolation level is used that the driver doesn't support, an error will be returned.", "\n\t// for example:\n\t// o := NewOrm()\n\t// \terr := o.BeginTx(context.", "Background(), &sql.", "TxOptions{Isolation: sql.", "LevelRepeatableRead})\n\t// ...\n\t// err = o.Rollback()\n\tBeginTx(ctx context.", "Context, opts *sql.", "TxOptions) error\n\t// commit transaction\n\tCommit() error\n\t// rollback transaction\n\tRollback() error\n\t// return a raw query seter for raw sql string.", "\n\t// for example:\n\t//\t ormer.", "Raw(\"UPDATE `user` SET `user_name` = ? ", "WHERE `user_name` = ?\", \"", "slene\", \"testing\").Exec()\n\t//\t// update user testing's name to slene\n\tRaw(query string, args ...interface{}) RawSeter\n\tDriver() Driver\n\tDBStats() *sql.", "DBStats\n}\n\n// Inserter insert prepared statement\ntype Inserter interface {\n\tInsert(interface{}) (int64, error)\n\tClose() error\n}\n\n// QuerySeter query seter\ntype QuerySeter interface {\n\t// add condition expression to QuerySeter.", "\n\t// for example:\n\t//\tfilter by UserName == 'slene'\n\t//\tqs.", "Filter(\"UserName\", \"slene\")\n\t//\tsql : left outer join profile on t0.id1==t1.id2 where t1.age == 28\n\t//\tFilter(\"profile__Age\", 28)\n\t// \t // time compare\n\t//\tqs.", "Filter(\"created\", time.", "Now())\n\tFilter(string, ...interface{}) QuerySeter\n\t// add raw sql to querySeter.", "\n\t// for example:\n\t// qs.", "FilterRaw(\"user_id IN (SELECT id FROM profile WHERE age>=18)\")\n\t// //sql-> WHERE user_id IN (SELECT id FROM profile WHERE age>=18)\n\tFilterRaw(string, string) QuerySeter\n\t// add NOT condition to querySeter.", "\n\t// have the same usage as Filter\n\tExclude(string, ...interface{}) QuerySeter\n\t// set condition to QuerySeter.", "\n\t// sql's where condition\n\t//\tcond := orm.", "NewCondition()\n\t//\tcond1 := cond.", "And(\"profile__isnull\", false).AndNot(\"status__in\", 1).Or(\"profile__age__gt\", 2000)\n\t//\t//sql-> WHERE T0.`profile_id` IS NOT NULL AND NOT T0.`Status` IN (?) ", "OR T1.`age` > 2000\n\t//\tnum, err := qs.", "SetCond(cond1).Count()\n\tSetCond(*Condition) QuerySeter\n\t// get condition from QuerySeter.", "\n\t// sql's where condition\n\t// cond := orm.", "NewCondition()\n\t// cond = cond.", "And(\"profile__isnull\", false).AndNot(\"status__in\", 1)\n\t// qs = qs.", "SetCond(cond)\n\t// cond = qs.", "GetCond()\n\t// cond := cond.", "Or(\"profile__age__gt\", 2000)\n\t// //sql-> WHERE T0.`profile_id` IS NOT NULL AND NOT T0.`Status` IN (?) ", "OR T1.`age` > 2000\n\t// num, err := qs.", "SetCond(cond).Count()\n\tGetCond() *Condition\n\t// add LIMIT value.", "\n\t// args[0] means offset, e.g. LIMIT num,offset.", "\n\t// if Limit <= 0 then Limit will be set to default limit ,eg 1000\n\t// if QuerySeter doesn't call Limit, the sql's Limit will be set to default limit, eg 1000\n\t// for example:\n\t//\tqs.", "Limit(10, 2)\n\t//\t// sql-> limit 10 offset 2\n\tLimit(limit interface{}, args ...interface{}) QuerySeter\n\t// add OFFSET value\n\t// same as Limit function's args[0]\n\tOffset(offset interface{}) QuerySeter\n\t// add GROUP BY expression\n\t// for example:\n\t//\tqs.", "GroupBy(\"id\")\n\tGroupBy(exprs ...string) QuerySeter\n\t// add ORDER expression.", "\n\t// \"column\" means ASC, \"-column\" means DESC.", "\n\t// for example:\n\t//\tqs.", "OrderBy(\"-status\")\n\tOrderBy(exprs ...string) QuerySeter\n\t// set relation model to query together.", "\n\t// it will query relation models and assign to parent model.", "\n\t// for example:\n\t//\t// will load all related fields use left join .", "\n\t// \tqs.", "RelatedSel().One(&user)\n\t//\t// will load related field only profile\n\t//\tqs.", "RelatedSel(\"profile\").One(&user)\n\t//\tuser.", "Profile.", "Age = 32\n\tRelatedSel(params ...interface{}) QuerySeter\n\t// Set Distinct\n\t// for example:\n\t// o.QueryTable(\"policy\").Filter(\"Groups__Group__Users__User\", user).", "\n\t// Distinct().", "\n\t// All(&permissions)\n\tDistinct() QuerySeter\n\t// set FOR UPDATE to query.", "\n\t// for example:\n\t// o.QueryTable(\"user\").Filter(\"uid\", uid).ForUpdate().All(&users)\n\tForUpdate() QuerySeter\n\t// return QuerySeter execution result number\n\t// for example:\n\t//\tnum, err = qs.", "Filter(\"profile__age__gt\", 28).Count()\n\tCount() (int64, error)\n\t// check result empty or not after QuerySeter executed\n\t// the same as QuerySeter.", "Count > 0\n\tExist() bool\n\t// execute update with parameters\n\t// for example:\n\t//\tnum, err = qs.", "Filter(\"user_name\", \"slene\").Update(Params{\n\t//\t\t\"Nums\": ColValue(Col_Minus, 50),\n\t//\t}) // user slene's Nums will minus 50\n\t//\tnum, err = qs.", "Filter(\"UserName\", \"slene\").Update(Params{\n\t//\t\t\"user_name\": \"slene2\"\n\t//\t}) // user slene's name will change to slene2\n\tUpdate(values Params) (int64, error)\n\t// delete from table\n\t//for example:\n\t//\tnum ,err = qs.", "Filter(\"user_name__in\", \"testing1\", \"testing2\").Delete()\n\t// \t//delete two user who's name is testing1 or testing2\n\tDelete() (int64, error)\n\t// return a insert queryer.", "\n\t// it can be used in times.", "\n\t// example:\n\t// \ti,err := sq.", "PrepareInsert()\n\t// \tnum, err = i.Insert(&user1) // user table will add one record user1 at once\n\t//\tnum, err = i.Insert(&user2) // user table will add one record user2 at once\n\t//\terr = i.Close() //don't forget call Close\n\tPrepareInsert() (Inserter, error)\n\t// query all data and map to containers.", "\n\t// cols means the columns when querying.", "\n\t// for example:\n\t//\tvar users []*User\n\t//\tqs.", "All(&users) // users[0],users[1],users[2] ...\n\tAll(container interface{}, cols ...string) (int64, error)\n\t// query one row data and map to containers.", "\n\t// cols means the columns when querying.", "\n\t// for example:\n\t//\tvar user User\n\t//\tqs.", "One(&user) //user.", "UserName == \"slene\"\n\tOne(container interface{}, cols ...string) error\n\t// query all data and map to []map[string]interface.", "\n\t// expres means condition expression.", "\n\t// it converts data to []map[column]value.", "\n\t// for example:\n\t//\tvar maps []Params\n\t//\tqs.", "Values(&maps) //maps[0][\"UserName\"]==\"slene\"\n\tValues(results *[]Params, exprs ...string) (int64, error)\n\t// query all data and map to [][]interface\n\t// it converts data to [][column_index]value\n\t// for example:\n\t//\tvar list []ParamsList\n\t//\tqs.", "ValuesList(&list) // list[0][1] == \"slene\"\n\tValuesList(results *[]ParamsList, exprs ...string) (int64, error)\n\t// query all data and map to []interface.", "\n\t// it's designed for one column record set, auto change to []value, not [][column]value.", "\n\t// for example:\n\t//\tvar list ParamsList\n\t//\tqs.", "ValuesFlat(&list, \"UserName\") // list[0] == \"slene\"\n\tValuesFlat(result *ParamsList, expr string) (int64, error)\n\t// query all rows into map[string]interface with specify key and value column name.", "\n\t// keyCol = \"name\", valueCol = \"value\"\n\t// table data\n\t// name | value\n\t// total | 100\n\t// found | 200\n\t// to map[string]interface{}{\n\t// \t\"total\": 100,\n\t// \t\"found\": 200,\n\t// }\n\tRowsToMap(result *Params, keyCol, valueCol string) (int64, error)\n\t// query all rows into struct with specify key and value column name.", "\n\t// keyCol = \"name\", valueCol = \"value\"\n\t// table data\n\t// name | value\n\t// total | 100\n\t// found | 200\n\t// to struct {\n\t// \tTotal int\n\t// \tFound int\n\t// }\n\tRowsToStruct(ptrStruct interface{}, keyCol, valueCol string) (int64, error)\n}\n\n// QueryM2Mer model to model query struct\n// all operations are on the m2m table only, will not affect the origin model table\ntype QueryM2Mer interface {\n\t// add models to origin models when creating queryM2M.\n\t// example:\n\t// \tm2m := orm.", "QueryM2M(post,\"Tag\")\n\t// \tm2m.", "Add(&Tag1{},&Tag2{})\n\t// \tfor _,tag := range post.", "Tags{}{ ... }\n\t// param could also be any of the follow\n\t// \t[]*Tag{{Id:3,Name: \"TestTag1\"}, {Id:4,Name: \"TestTag2\"}}\n\t//\t&Tag{Id:5,Name: \"TestTag3\"}\n\t//\t[]interface{}{&Tag{Id:6,Name: \"TestTag4\"}}\n\t// insert one or more rows to m2m table\n\t// make sure the relation is defined in post model struct tag.", "\n\tAdd(...interface{}) (int64, error)\n\t// remove models following the origin model relationship\n\t// only delete rows from m2m table\n\t// for example:\n\t//tag3 := &Tag{Id:5,Name: \"TestTag3\"}\n\t//num, err = m2m.", "Remove(tag3)\n\tRemove(...interface{}) (int64, error)\n\t// check model is existed in relationship of origin model\n\tExist(interface{}) bool\n\t// clean all models in related of origin model\n\tClear() (int64, error)\n\t// count all related models of origin model\n\tCount() (int64, error)\n}\n\n// RawPreparer raw query statement\ntype RawPreparer interface {\n\tExec(...interface{}) (sql.", "Result, error)\n\tClose() error\n}\n\n// RawSeter raw query seter\n// create From Ormer.", "Raw\n// for example:\n// sql := fmt.", "Sprintf(\"SELECT %sid%s,%sname%s FROM %suser%s WHERE id = ?\",", "Q,Q,Q,Q,Q,Q)\n// rs := Ormer.", "Raw(sql, 1)\ntype RawSeter interface {\n\t//execute sql and get result\n\tExec() (sql.", "Result, error)\n\t//query data and map to container\n\t//for example:\n\t//\tvar name string\n\t//\tvar id int\n\t//\trs.", "QueryRow(&id,&name) // id==2 name==\"slene\"\n\tQueryRow(containers ...interface{}) error\n\n\t// query data rows and map to container\n\t//\tvar ids []int\n\t//\tvar names []int\n\t//\tquery = fmt.", "Sprintf(\"SELECT 'id','name' FROM %suser%s\", Q, Q)\n\t//\tnum, err = dORM.Raw(query).QueryRows(&ids,&names) // ids=>{1,2},names=>{\"nobody\",\"slene\"}\n\tQueryRows(containers ...interface{}) (int64, error)\n\tSetArgs(...interface{}) RawSeter\n\t// query data to []map[string]interface\n\t// see QuerySeter's Values\n\tValues(container *[]Params, cols ...string) (int64, error)\n\t// query data to [][]interface\n\t// see QuerySeter's ValuesList\n\tValuesList(container *[]ParamsList, cols ...string) (int64, error)\n\t// query data to []interface\n\t// see QuerySeter's ValuesFlat\n\tValuesFlat(container *ParamsList, cols ...string) (int64, error)\n\t// query all rows into map[string]interface with specify key and value column name.", "\n\t// keyCol = \"name\", valueCol = \"value\"\n\t// table data\n\t// name | value\n\t// total | 100\n\t// found | 200\n\t// to map[string]interface{}{\n\t// \t\"total\": 100,\n\t// \t\"found\": 200,\n\t// }\n\tRowsToMap(result *Params, keyCol, valueCol string) (int64, error)\n\t// query all rows into struct with specify key and value column name.", "\n\t// keyCol = \"name\", valueCol = \"value\"\n\t// table data\n\t// name | value\n\t// total | 100\n\t// found | 200\n\t// to struct {\n\t// \tTotal int\n\t// \tFound int\n\t// }\n\tRowsToStruct(ptrStruct interface{}, keyCol, valueCol string) (int64, error)\n\n\t// return prepared raw statement for used in times.", "\n\t// for example:\n\t// \tpre, err := dORM.Raw(\"INSERT INTO tag (name) VALUES (?)\")", ".Prepare()\n\t// \tr, err := pre.", "Exec(\"name1\") // INSERT INTO tag (name) VALUES (`name1`)\n\tPrepare() (RawPreparer, error)\n}\n\n// stmtQuerier statement querier\ntype stmtQuerier interface {\n\tClose() error\n\tExec(args ...interface{}) (sql.", "Result, error)\n\t//ExecContext(ctx context.", "Context, args ...interface{}) (sql.", "Result, error)\n\tQuery(args ...interface{}) (*sql.", "Rows, error)\n\t//QueryContext(args ...interface{}) (*sql.", "Rows, error)\n\tQueryRow(args ...interface{}) *sql.", "Row\n\t//QueryRowContext(ctx context.", "Context, args ...interface{}) *sql.", "Row\n}\n\n// db querier\ntype dbQuerier interface {\n\tPrepare(query string) (*sql.", "Stmt, error)\n\tPrepareContext(ctx context.", "Context, query string) (*sql.", "Stmt, error)\n\tExec(query string, args ...interface{}) (sql.", "Result, error)\n\tExecContext(ctx context.", "Context, query string, args ...interface{}) (sql.", "Result, error)\n\tQuery(query string, args ...interface{}) (*sql.", "Rows, error)\n\tQueryContext(ctx context.", "Context, query string, args ...interface{}) (*sql.", "Rows, error)\n\tQueryRow(query string, args ...interface{}) *sql.", "Row\n\tQueryRowContext(ctx context.", "Context, query string, args ...interface{}) *sql.", "Row\n}\n\n// type DB interface {\n// \tBegin() (*sql.", "Tx, error)\n// \tPrepare(query string) (stmtQuerier, error)\n// \tExec(query string, args ...interface{}) (sql.", "Result, error)\n// \tQuery(query string, args ...interface{}) (*sql.", "Rows, error)\n// \tQueryRow(query string, args ...interface{}) *sql.", "Row\n// }\n\n// transaction beginner\ntype txer interface {\n\tBegin() (*sql.", "Tx, error)\n\tBeginTx(ctx context.", "Context, opts *sql.", "TxOptions) (*sql.", "Tx, error)\n}\n\n// transaction ending\ntype txEnder interface {\n\tCommit() error\n\tRollback() error\n}\n\n// base database struct\ntype dbBaser interface {\n\tRead(dbQuerier, *modelInfo, reflect.", "Value, *time.", "Location, []string, bool) error\n\tInsert(dbQuerier, *modelInfo, reflect.", "Value, *time.", "Location) (int64, error)\n\tInsertOrUpdate(dbQuerier, *modelInfo, reflect.", "Value, *alias, ...string) (int64, error)\n\tInsertMulti(dbQuerier, *modelInfo, reflect.", "Value, int, *time.", "Location) (int64, error)\n\tInsertValue(dbQuerier, *modelInfo, bool, []string, []interface{}) (int64, error)\n\tInsertStmt(stmtQuerier, *modelInfo, reflect.", "Value, *time.", "Location) (int64, error)\n\tUpdate(dbQuerier, *modelInfo, reflect.", "Value, *time.", "Location, []string) (int64, error)\n\tDelete(dbQuerier, *modelInfo, reflect.", "Value, *time.", "Location, []string) (int64, error)\n\tReadBatch(dbQuerier, *querySet, *modelInfo, *Condition, interface{}, *time.", "Location, []string) (int64, error)\n\tSupportUpdateJoin() bool\n\tUpdateBatch(dbQuerier, *querySet, *modelInfo, *Condition, Params, *time.", "Location) (int64, error)\n\tDeleteBatch(dbQuerier, *querySet, *modelInfo, *Condition, *time.", "Location) (int64, error)\n\tCount(dbQuerier, *querySet, *modelInfo, *Condition, *time.", "Location) (int64, error)\n\tOperatorSQL(string) string\n\tGenerateOperatorSQL(*modelInfo, *fieldInfo, string, []interface{}, *time.", "Location) (string, []interface{})\n\tGenerateOperatorLeftCol(*fieldInfo, string, *string)\n\tPrepareInsert(dbQuerier, *modelInfo) (stmtQuerier, string, error)\n\tReadValues(dbQuerier, *querySet, *modelInfo, *Condition, []string, interface{}, *time.", "Location) (int64, error)\n\tRowsTo(dbQuerier, *querySet, *modelInfo, *Condition, interface{}, string, string, *time.", "Location) (int64, error)\n\tMaxLimit() uint64\n\tTableQuote() string\n\tReplaceMarks(*string)\n\tHasReturningID(*modelInfo, *string) bool\n\tTimeFromDB(*time.", "Time, *time.", "Location)\n\tTimeToDB(*time.", "Time, *time.", "Location)\n\tDbTypes() map[string]string\n\tGetTables(dbQuerier) (map[string]bool, error)\n\tGetColumns(dbQuerier, string) (map[string][3]string, error)\n\tShowTablesQuery() string\n\tShowColumnsQuery(string) string\n\tIndexExists(dbQuerier, string, string) bool\n\tcollectFieldValue(*modelInfo, *fieldInfo, reflect.", "Value, bool, *time.", "Location) (interface{}, error)\n\tsetval(dbQuerier, *modelInfo, []string) error\n}\n" ]

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[ "The present invention relates to a lighting system for use in a vehicle cabin.", "\nA previously known lighting system for use in a vehicle cabin includes a ceiling lamp arranged to a roof substantially in the center portion of the vehicle cabin for generally illuminating a cabin. ", "The ceiling lamp turns on and off by manual operation of its own switch, or automatic operation of a door switch upon opening and closing of a door.", "\nOn the other hand, with a vehicle, it is important that a passenger who will get out the vehicle in the dark or at night can quickly view the road outside the door to ensure his security, and smoothly get out the vehicle.", "\nIt is known that human eyes are easy to fix to a spot which is sufficiently lighter than its surroundings. ", "This is the ocular guide effect (see, for example, \"Report of Fundamental Research on How Guide Lamp is Seen\" published in 1984 by Lighting Society in Japan). ", "This effect is commonly applied to interior and exterior lightings.", "\nHowever, with a vehicle having such previously known lighting systems, a passenger seated in the rear seats cannot judge whether the vehicle has stopped due to arrival at a destination, due to a traffic signal, resulting in confusion and unnecessary activity. ", "Further, when it is time for the passengers to exit the vehicle, preparations must be made under visual conditions having insufficient light, lowering preparation efficiency for exiting with the possibility of an object left in the vehicle or a window unclosed. ", "Furthermore, with the oral information for his preparations before arrival at a destination, the passenger can make preparations in advance. ", "In this case, however, it is not desirable to turn on a ceiling lamp due to its interference to driving, resulting in eventual difficulty of making exit preparations. ", "Further, even with the ceiling lamp turned on, the passenger has difficulty in checking the vicinity of his feet due to insufficient illumination.", "\nOn the other hand, with any door opened, a lamp such as a ceiling lamp turns on to uniformly illuminate the entirety of the cabin. ", "However, the lamp is not constructed to safely guide a passenger for efficient exit of the vehicle.", "\nIt is, therefore, an object of the present invention to provide a lighting system for use in a vehicle cabin which can provide predetermined information to a passenger when getting out of the vehicle." ]

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[ "Apple, blueberry, carrot, double chocolate, pumpkin, and banana. ", "What more could you ask for?", "\n\nGet Spoon University delivered to you\n\nYou tryna be tricky? ", "That email doesn't look right.", "\n\nBy adding your email you agree to get updates about Spoon University Healthier\n\nThey say breakfast is the most important meal of the day. ", "And it's certainly my favorite. ", "But I'm also a college student who can barely make it to her 8 am class, much less make breakfast on a weekday.", "\n\nThese muffins are an easy solution for breakfast even on the busiest of days. ", "Bake them on a lazy Sunday afternoon and save the rest for a quick bite over the next week. ", "With only 2 batters for 6 muffins, it takes just an hour. ", "Add the fact that one is made almost entirely in a blender, and you don't even have to worry about mixing. ", "They're bite-sized powerhouses of fruits, veggies, and a good dose of oats, so what are you waiting for? ", "Get baking!", "\n\n#SpoonTip: If you prefer full sized muffins, simply double the recipes below and bake for an extra 5-10 minutes.", "\n\nPumpkin Batter: Mix in pumpkin purée until just combined. ", "Sprinkle in cinnamon and add 1/3 of chocolate chunks.", "\n\nBanana Batter: Fold in remaining chocolate chunks.", "\n\nChanel Shum\n\nStep 4\n\nSpoon batter into your greased muffin tin. ", "Again, we want the batter to just reach the top of the tin. ", "Try to get at least one chocolate chunk in each muffin — you'll thank yourself later.", "\n\nChanel Shum\n\nStep 5\n\nBake for 12-15 minutes, or until the tops of the muffins are golden brown.", "\nAllow muffins to cool in the tin for 10 minutes before pulling them out and allowing them to cool on a rack for another 10 minutes.", "\n\nChanel Shum\n\nStep 6\n\nEnjoy! ", "Try slathering the tops with peanut butter or pairing the muffins with a side of Greek yogurt for an extra kick of protein.", "\n\nChanel Shum\n\nAll recipes were adapted from RunningwithSpoons. ", "So if you want more muffin ideas, head on over!", "\n\nOr if none of these flavors tickled your fancy (but you're still in love with muffins), check out these recipes:" ]

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[ "Water Framework Directive\n\nThe Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC is an EU directive which commits European Union member states to achieve good qualitative and quantitative status of all water bodies (including marine waters up to one nautical mile from shore) by 2015. ", "It is a framework in the sense that it prescribes steps to reach the common goal rather than adopting the more traditional limit value approach. ", "The Directive's aim for 'good status' for all water bodies will not be achieved, with 47% of EU water bodies covered by the Directive failing to achieve the aim.", "\n\nObjectives of the Directive\nThe Directive aims for 'good status' for all ground and surface waters (rivers, lakes, transitional waters, and coastal waters) in the EU.", "\n\nThe ecological and chemical status of surface waters are assessed according to the following criteria (see also: freshwater environmental quality parameters):\n Biological quality (fish, benthic invertebrates, aquatic flora)\n Hydromorphological quality such as river bank structure, river continuity or substrate of the river bed\n Physical-chemical quality such as temperature, oxygenation and nutrient conditions\n Chemical quality that refers to environmental quality standards for river basin specific pollutants. ", "These standards specify maximum concentrations for specific water pollutants. ", "If even one such concentration is exceeded, the water body will not be classed as having a “good ecological status”.", "\n\nThe Water Framework Directive stipulates that groundwater must achieve \"good quantitative status\" and \"good chemical status\" (i.e. not polluted) by 2015. ", "Groundwater bodies are classified as either \"good\" or \"poor\".", "\n\nArticle 14 of the directive requires member states \"to encourage the active involvement of interested parties\" in the implementation of the directive. ", "This is generally acknowledged to be an assimilation of the Aarhus Convention.", "\n\nSpatial management of river basins\nOne important aspect of the Water Framework Directive is the introduction of River Basin Districts. ", "These areas have been designated, not according to administrative or political boundaries, but rather according to the river basin (the spatial catchment area of the river) as a natural geographical and hydrological unit. ", "As rivers often cross national borders, representatives from several Member States have to co-operate and work together for the management of the basin (so-called transboundary basins). ", "They are managed according to River Basin Management Plans, which should provide a clear indication of the way the objectives set for the river basin are to be reached within the required timescale. ", "They should be updated every six years.", "\n\nTo facilitate data recoding, each stretch of water is given a \"Water Framework Directive ID\" (\"WFDID\" or \"Waterbody ID\"). ", "For example, the stretch of the River Tame, in the West Midlands of England, from the River Blythe to River Anker is referred to as GB104028046440.", "\n\nTransgressions\nThe Ebro River Transfer, a project from the Spanish National Hydrological Plan of 2001 was highly criticised as being contrary to the principles of the EU Water Framework Directive, and later put on hold. ", "The project planned to transfer huge amounts of water from the Ebro River to the south-east of Spain with the construction of 120 dams.", "\n\nSee also\nMarine debris\nWater pollution\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nEU legislation summary\nText of the directive, without tables and graphics, HTML format\nText of the directive, with tables and graphics, PDF format\nEU Commission site with general and background information\nEU Twinning Project Implementing the Water Framework Directive in Croatia\n\nCategory:European Union directives\nCategory:Health and the European Union\nCategory:Water and politics\nCategory:2000 in law\nCategory:2000 in the European Union\nCategory:Environmental law in the European Union" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

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[ "Alpha 12 is now available for download! ", "The full change log is at the end of this post.", "\n\nThere have been some bigger changes under the hood, so please let us know if you encounter any problems.", "\n\nNote that support for DirectX 9 has been dropped with this update so if you have any trouble running Alpha 12 please make sure your graphics drivers are up to date / check for DirectX updates through Windows Update first.", "\n\n\n\nDevlog\n\nWe’ve added the Inverted Double Swing ride from this weeks Art Stream. ", "It’s a pretty interesting looking ride with a fairly small footprint, and it turned out quite nice:\n\n\n\nWhen possible we try to use recordings of real ride sounds, so the audio team went to a nearby Go-karts track this week for a recording (and racing) session.", "\n\nLook forward to hearing the results of that in the future :)\n\nChangelog\n\n- added Inverted Double Swing\n\n- added Robot entertainer\n\n- added Steam stats\n\n- added zoom to cursor\n\n- changed raising terrain/rides/buildings to 0.5 units from 1 (for new parks/scenarios)\n\n- improved terrain texturing\n\n- improved overall performance in busy parks\n\n- improved performance when hiding scenery\n\n- continued UI overhaul\n\n- terrain generator improvements\n\n- balance adjustments\n\n- fixed performance issues when selecting large amounts of terrain\n\n- fixed error message when switching into underground mode when it’s raining while there’s water on screen\n\n- fixed staff could sometimes take a long time to return to their assigned zone\n\n- fixed setting car rotation for Ghost Mansion Ride/Inverted Dark Ride not working\n\n- fixed a case where trains would not have the correct colors\n\n- fixed goals sometimes already being completed in custom scenarios\n\n- fixed not being able to click through hidden attractions\n\n- fixed a case where track was properly aligned but still didn’t connect\n\n- fixed hydraulic launch section sometimes stopping trains abruptly, resulting in wrong ride stats\n\n- fixed hydraulic launch section launching train while block isn’t clear" ]

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[ "Effect of high-glucose levels on protein oxidation in cultured lens cells, and in crystalline and albumin solution and its inhibition by vitamin B6 and N-acetylcysteine: its possible relevance to cataract formation in diabetes.", "\nDiabetic patients have elevated levels of glucose in their blood and other body fluids. ", "This project studied the effect of high-glucose concentrations (HG) on the protein oxidation in cultured lens cells and in crystalline protein solution. ", "In addition, we also examined the effect of HG on the oxidation and turbidity (aggregation) of albumin protein solution. ", "This study also examined whether vitamin B6 [pyridoxine (P), pyridoxamine (PM)] or n-acetylcysteine (NAC) is capable of preventing protein oxidation similar to that seen in cataracts. ", "For cell culture studies, rabbit lens cells were cultured in control or HG medium at 37 degrees C for 2 d. For studies with protein solution, a buffered solution of serum albumin or crystalline protein was incubated with normal glucose (5 mM) or HG (50-100 mM) in a water bath at 37 degrees C for 4 d. All treatments were carried out with and without the addition of P, PM, or NAC. ", "We found significantly higher levels of carbonyl protein (an index of protein oxidation) in HG-treated compared with normal glucose-treated lens cells and in crystalline protein solution. ", "P, PM, and NAC significantly decreased the protein oxidation in lens cells and crystalline protein solution. ", "We also found significantly higher levels of protein oxidation and turbidity (an index of protein aggregation) and its inhibition by P, PM, and NAC in HG-treated compared with normal glucose-treated albumin solution. ", "This suggests that HG can cause the oxidation and modification of proteins in the lens, and that vitamin B6 and NAC supplementation may be helpful in slowing the oxidation of lens proteins. ", "This study explains the cause of early cataract development and the potential benefit of supplementation with vitamin B6 and NAC in the prevention of the development of cataract among the diabetic population." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nAndroid align image in top and center in RelativeLayout\n\nI'm trying to align image to top of my Relative Layout and after that center it horizontally. ", "Here is the code I'm using for :\n<ImageView \n android:id=\"@+id/collection_image_background\"\n android:layout_width=\"fill_parent\"\n android:layout_height=\"fill_parent\"\n android:layout_alignParentTop=\"true\"\n android:layout_centerHorizontal=\"true\" />\n\n,but this code is not working. ", "My image is centered,but not aligned at top of my Relative Layout. ", "I tried with android:scaleType=\"fitStart\", but it's actually align imag left and top of it's parent.", "\nSo any idea how I can align the image correctly as I need?", "\nP.S. I forget to mention that I'm setting the image to my ImageView like this :\n BitmapFactory.", "Options o2 = new BitmapFactory.", "Options();\n o2.inTempStorage = new byte[8*1024];\n\n ops = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(cis,null,o2);\n ImageView view = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.collection_image_background);\n view.setImageBitmap(ops);\n\nA:\n\ncode seems to be perfect except content area you had assign fill_parent takes whole view and will appear as center, so just modify it by wrap_content\n <ImageView \n android:id=\"@+id/collection_image_background\"\n android:layout_width=\"wrap_content\"\n android:layout_height=\"wrap_content\"\n android:layout_alignParentTop=\"true\"\n android:layout_centerHorizontal=\"true\" />\n\n" ]

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[ "Various types of exercise equipment are known in the art. ", "One popular form of equipment is the exercise dumbbell, which is typically designed with one or more weights disposed at each end of a handle. ", "Relatively more advanced dumbbell systems provide a plurality of weights in alignment with the handle and configured to be selectively connected to the handle. ", "Examples of such systems are disclosed in U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "4,822,034 to Shields; U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "4,284,463 to Shields; U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "5,637,064 to Olson et al.; ", "U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "5,769,762 to Towley, III et al.; ", "U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "5,839,997 to Roth et al.; ", "U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "6,033,350 to Krull; U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "6,099,442 to Krull; U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "6,322,481 to Krull; U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "6,402,666 to Krull; U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "6,416,446 to Krull; and U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "6,422,979. ", "An object of the present invention is to provide methods and apparatus for supporting the dumbbell assemblies in user friendly fashion and/or for supporting the weight plates that remain behind when the handles are lifted from the dumbbell assemblies." ]

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[ "1. ", "Field of the Invention\nThe invention relates generally to non-volatile magnetic memory and particularly to non-uniform switching of non-volatile magnetic based memory.", "\n2. ", "Description of the Prior Art\nComputers conventionally use rotating magnetic media, such as hard disk drives (HDDs), for data storage. ", "Though widely used and commonly accepted, such media suffer from a variety of deficiencies, such as access latency, higher power dissipation, large physical size and inability to withstand any physical shock. ", "Thus, there is a need for a new type of storage device devoid of such drawbacks.", "\nThere has been an extensive effort in development of alternative technologies such as Ovanic Ram (or phase-change memory), Ferromagnetic Ram (FeRAM), Magnetic Ram (MRAM), Nanochip, and others to replace memories used in current designs such as DRAM, SRAM, EEPROM/NOR flash, NAND flash and HDD in one form or another. ", "Although these various memory/storage technologies have created many challenges, there have been advances made in this field in recent years. ", "MRAM has exceptional advantage when compared to other memory technologies under development in the aspects of speed, write endurance and non-volatility.", "\nPerpendicular MRAM is particularly noteworthy because of its adaptability to sub-30 nano meters (nm) size and high density. ", "However, thermal stability has been a continued problem faced in the design of perpendicular MRAM and is described by thermal stability factor, Δ, described as follows:Δ=KuV/kBT  Eq. (", "1)\nwhere “Ku” is the perpendicular anisotropy energy density of the storage magnetic layer of the MRAM, “V” is the volume of the storage magnetic layer, “kB” is the Boltzmann constant, and “T” is the absolute temperature (in Kelvin).", "\nThis factor inevitably reduces at a given anisotropy energy of the storage magnetic layer resulting in the thermal stability of each bit decreasing. ", "For MRAM applications using extremely high data density, for example dynamic random access memory (DRAM) type of applications, where speed and data capacity are key parameters, lower thermal stability of the data bits may be tolerable, or may be mitigated with reasonable amounts of error correction coding (ECC) to make the overall design function in the targeted regime of application. ", "Perpendicular MRAM currently has a critical dimension of approximately 30 nano meters (nm) heading toward 10 nm.", "\nApplications of MRAM generally include a reference MRAM data bit, which provides a reference resistance for comparing the reference bits to the MRAM data bits to indicate whether or not the data bits are in high resistance or low resistance state. ", "The reference bit is desired to be made of identical MRAM cell structure as that of the data bit because it simplifies both the fabrication process and the circuit design than the case where the reference bit is made of a pure resistor without a MTJ structure.", "\nWith MRAM reference bit being identical to a data bit, the reference bit has the same low thermal stability problem as indicated hereinabove. ", "The ECC is not correcting reference bit errors. ", "Rather, a special data refreshing and assurance mechanism may be needed to make sure the reference bit is always in the correct state before any read operation on the data bits, which is costly both in design and in operation. ", "Additionally, such refresh mechanism may slow down the operation speed of the device considerably and make the device not usable in high data rate applications.", "\nWhat is needed is a perpendicular MRAM that has suitably high thermal stability characteristics in the reference bits allowing it to remain stable with high confidence during long-term operations without special refresh mechanisms required after initialization. ", "Meanwhile, the data bits may still possess a comparatively lower thermal stability for fast and low power write operation." ]

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[ "Beyoncé's vocals on \"Can You Feel The Love Tonight?\" ", "were heard for the first time in The Lion King's official trailer, which debuted on June 23.", "\n\nThe song, which was originally composed by Elton John and written by Tim Rice for the , has a surprising backstory.", "\n\nThe original plan was for the song to be sung by the comedic duo Timon and Pumbaa, which would have made for a very different tone.", "\n\nJune 23 was a truly blessed Sunday, marking the release of the first official trailer for The Lion King–and the first opportunity to hear Beyoncé's angelic vocals. ", "Bey, who plays Nala in the movie, sings alongside Donald Glover's Simba on the iconic track \"Can You Feel The Love Tonight?\" ", "and it's already pretty clear that this rendition is going to be an incredibly worthy successor to the original 1994 version.", "\n\nAs every Disney fan worth their salt knows, the song was composed by Elton John, with lyrics by Tim Rice, and was sung by the off-screen voice of Kristle Edwards in the original movie. ", "But there's a surprising backstory to the song's creation that you may not know. ", "Initially, the song was envisioned as a duet by Timon and Pumbaa, everybody's favorite comedic meerkat-warthog duo, who do appear on the final version but in a smaller capacity.", "\n\nYup. ", "It's fair to say this would have made for a... very different kind of song than the sweeping romantic ballad between Nala and Simba we know and love! ", "Actor Ernie Sabella, who voiced Pumbaa, confirmed to CinemaBlend that this was the original plan, until Elton John himself intervened. \"", "We recorded the whole song,\" he confirmed. \"", "It didn't show up [in the movie] because Elton John said... 'I don't want a big, stinky warthog singing my love song!'\"", "\n\nThis content is imported from YouTube. ", "You may be able to find the same content in another format, or you may be able to find more information, at their web site.", "\n\nWhile this may be unfair discrimination against warthogs, it's hard not to feel grateful that the song was reworked, because otherwise we might never have been treated to Bey and Donald Glover harmonizing together. ", "While you rewatch the trailer yet again, you can take a deep-dive into the full lyrics below.", "\n\nIMDB\n\nA note: these are the lyrics from the version of the song that plays over the end credits of the 1994 movie, rather than the version that's in the movie, because the former is the version that was released as a single. ", "The full lyrics of Beyonce and Glover's updated version are, of course, TBD.", "\n\nThere's a calm surrender to the rush of day\n\nWhen the heat of the rolling world can be turned away\n\nAn enchanted moment, and it sees me through\n\nIt's enough for this restless warrior just to be with you\n\n\n\nAnd can you feel the love tonight?", "\n\nIt is where we are\n\nIt's enough for this wide-eyed wanderer\n\nThat we got this far\n\n\n\nAnd can you feel the love tonight?", "\n\nHow it's laid to rest?", "\n\nIt's enough to make kings and vagabonds\n\nBelieve the very best\n\n\n\nThere's a time for everyone if they only learn\n\nThat the twisting kaleidoscope moves us all in turn\n\nThere's a rhyme and reason to the wild outdoors\n\nWhen the heart of this star-crossed voyager beats in time with yours\n\n\n\nAnd can you feel the love tonight?", "\n\nIt is where we are\n\nIt's enough for this wide-eyed wanderer\n\nThat we got this far\n\n\n\nAnd can you feel the love tonight?", "\n\nHow it's laid to rest?", "\n\nIt's enough to make kings and vagabonds\n\nBelieve the very best\n\n\n\nIt's enough to make kings and vagabonds\n\nBelieve the very best\n\nFor more ways to live your best life plus all things Oprah, sign up for our newsletter!", "\n\nThis content is created and maintained by a third party, and imported onto this page to help users provide their email addresses. ", "You may be able to find more information about this and similar content at piano.io" ]

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[ "[Novel mechanisms of neuronal synapse-specific plasticity].", "\nAccording to modern view, structural and functional changes in definite synaptic connections underlie the long-term memory (synapse-specific plasticity). ", "These changes are translation- and transcription-dependent. ", "The results obtained with mollusk neurons or mammalian hippocampus showed that molecular and genetic regulation is not needed for each single synapse. ", "It was found that stimulation of synapse initiated activation of second messengers in it as well as \"synaptic tagging\" (specific marking of activated synapses) and formation of mechanisms for local \"catching\" of transcripts. ", "Second messengers induced the RNA and protein molecule synthesis in neuron soma which spreads to all neuritis but selectively incorporate only at tagged synapses activated by the stimulation, resulting in long-term changes in functional and morphologic characteristics (parameters) of these synapses. ", "Results of our experiments suggest that, during sensitization, different second messenger systems (and genes which it regulates) are involved in plasticity of definite synaptic inputs. ", "It was found that cAMP and cAMP-dependent transcription factors C/EBP (CAAT/enhancer binding protein) induced long-term changes in sensory inputs from chemoreceptors of the head part of snail in L-RP11 neurons, while proteinkinase C and proteinkinase C-dependent transcription factor SRF are involved in long-term regulation of synaptic inputs from mechanoreceptors of the head part of snail in the neurons. ", "The immediate early gene zif268 regulates synaptic inputs from both chemo- and mechanoreceptors of the snail head. ", "Our experimental data support the hypothesis of selective neurochemical \"projection\" of synaptic connections onto certain genes of neuron." ]

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[ "A Soft Fist In A Hard Place\n\nA Soft Fist In A Hard Place\n\nEssentially the soundtrack for one of the first scripted Maestro shows written by Jenny Magnus and Beau O’Reilly, A Soft Fist In A Hard Place features the writers on all the lead vocals with a band lead by pianist Michael Greenberg. ", "Davy, the show’s title song Careening Is A Skill, and Darkness, Darkness are among the most enduring tracks here. ", "Originally released on cassette, it is now available to all a ya’s on CD.", "\n\nSubscribe To Our Mailing Lists\n\nIn addition to Uvulittle News a number of our artists have free newsletters that you can subscribe to. ", "Just create an account to sign up. ", "If you are already a member, administer your subscriptions from your account." ]

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[ "Now Shipping\nFire Material\nLimited Availability\n\nSacramento, CA\n\nProtecting Homes, Cabins, & Historic\nLandmarks From Wildfires- With No Water\n\nThere Will Never Be Enough Professionals to Protect All Structures During Wildfire Firestorms\n\nFire Shields Protect From Radiant Heat & Burning Ember Attack\n\nIt's Estimated 80% Of Wildfire Structure Ignitions Are A Result Of Burning Embers And Radiant Heat\n\nFor the First Time You Can Use the Same Aluminized Structure Wrap the Professionals Use\n\nFire Shields Are Reusable For Years\n\nWhen fire fighters are surrounded by wildfire flames and radiant heat they don't spray themselves with foam, they deploy their personal fire shelters and climb in. ", "In the last 20 years over 250 lives have been saved by these aluminum fire shelters.", "\n\nFire Shields reflect 95% of the radiant heat and protect your home from firebrands blown by the wind. ", "They cover windows, eaves, attic vents, and your roof for maximum protection. ", "Even if power is lost and water pressure is only a dribble your home will be protected.", "\n\nWhen wildfires threaten historical buildings in our national parks the US Forest Service uses Aluminized Structure Wrap, or cabin wrap, to protect them from radiant heat and burning embers. ", "It’s the best protection strategy when it's too dangerous to stay.", "\n\nFirezat supplies the US Forest Service, Incident Management Teams, and other professional fire fighting agencies its reusable Fire Shields to help protect our nations historical treasures. ", "Next Generation Fire Shields offer superior protection against burning embers and radiant heat and are now available to private business and homeowners. ", "The new redesigned large Shields allow for faster deployment, better coverage, and fewer failure points. ", "To see what your options are go to What Can You Do." ]

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[ "* Kohler Self-Trimming apron front single-basin sink with tall apron* Whitehaven Collection* The Whitehaven Self-Trimming apron front single basin sink features a patented Self-Trimming apron that results in a perfect, predictable fit and finish with each installation, and is sized for optimized…\n\n* Kohler Self-Trimming apron front single-basin sink with tall apron* Whitehaven Collection* The Whitehaven Self-Trimming apron front single basin sink features a patented Self-Trimming apron that results in a perfect, predictable fit and finish with each installation, and is sized for optimized…" ]

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[ "About This Game\n\nKey Features\n\nOriginal and captivating storyline\n\n\n\nRich and intriguing new characters with new, realistically detailed 3D environments\n\n\n\nCompletely integrated, original puzzles that test the players skill throughout the game\n\n\n\nHaving searched Eastern and Western Europe for a missing heir, Kate Walker finally completed her long and arduous journey, obtaining the signature of Hans Voralberg and closing the automaton factory buyout.", "Mission accomplished? ", "Not for this sophisticated New York lawyer…An unlikely pair, young Kate Walker and old, eccentric Hans Voralberg now set off on a journey together: in search of the last of the fabled Syberian mammoths at the heart of a long and forgotten universe. ", "The surreal quest Hans began alone several years ago will come to a final close as he and Kate face obstacles far more dangerous than ever before, testing their courage and determination.", "Far and beyond, a mystical Syberia awaits their arrival…" ]

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[ "How ‘deep’ should it be to be called Deep Learning? – ", "Machine Learning Library\n\nThimira AmaratungaDeep Learning is everywhere now. ", "It is the bleeding edge of AI, and everyone seems to be pursuing it. ", "When we first try to grasp the concept of Deep Learning, there is one question that usually comes up, “How deep a Machine Learning model needs to be for it to be considered a Deep…" ]

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