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"In this March 28, 2019 photo, President Donald Trump speaks at a campaign rally in Grand Rapids, Mich. Trump is suggesting he will defer until after 2020 his push for a Republican health care plan to replace the Affordable Care Act. ",
"Trump tweeted late Monday that Congress will vote on a GOP plan after the elections, ”when Republicans hold the Senate & win back the House.” (",
"AP Photo/Manuel Balce Ceneta)\n\nIn this March 28, 2019 photo, President Donald Trump speaks at a campaign rally in Grand Rapids, Mich. Trump is suggesting he will defer until after 2020 his push for a Republican health care plan to replace the Affordable Care Act. ",
"Trump tweeted late Monday that Congress will vote on a GOP plan after the elections, ”when Republicans hold the Senate & win back the House.” (",
"AP Photo/Manuel Balce Ceneta)\n\nWASHINGTON (AP) — Amid blowback from Capitol Hill, President Donald Trump switched gears again Wednesday, suggesting he never wanted Congress to vote to replace the Affordable Care Act until after the 2020 election.",
"\n\nTrump’s new tweets shifted his rationale for the “Obamacare” fight. ",
"First he said it was his choice to push off the health care votes. ",
"Then he said he never expected there to be any votes at all until after 2020.",
"\n\nTrump claimed Wednesday he had never intended to reopen old wounds. ",
"But in keeping the issue at the forefront, the president put fresh attention on the GOP’s long-running and thus far unsuccessful effort to end ACA.",
"\n\nADVERTISEMENT\n\n“I was never planning a vote prior to the 2020 Election on the wonderful HealthCare package that some very talented people are now developing for me & the Republican Party,” Trump tweeted, adding, “I never asked Mitch McConnell for a vote before the Election.”",
"\n\nThat’s not how congressional Republicans, including Senate Majority Leader McConnell, understood Trump’s sudden shift to the issue last week.",
"\n\nNor did it stop Democrats from calling attention to the health care issue Wednesday.",
"\n\nThe Democratic-controlled House used a near party-line 240-186 vote to condemn the Trump administration for joining a federal lawsuit aimed at annulling former President Barack Obama’s health care law. ",
"Minutes later, the House Democrats’ campaign organization launched digital ads in the districts of around 40 Democrats in competitive seats, saying they’d “fought back” against GOP efforts to gut the statute’s protections.",
"\n\nThe GOP’s bitter internal fight over health care in 2017 remains a sore subject for the president. ",
"He often retells the story of the late Arizona Sen. John McCain’s “no” vote that killed the repeal-and-replace effort. ",
"Republicans, hit hard on health care issues during the 2018 midterm election, had no plans to take up the issue again before the next one.",
"\n\nTrump’s fight was on display when he told Republican senators last week that his White House was developing a plan to replace the Obama health law. ",
"The sudden move stunned GOP leaders on Capitol Hill. ",
"While Trump wanted them to become “the party of health care,” they feared it could be for all the wrong reasons if they were forced into a do-over of the tough votes.",
"\n\nMcConnell on Tuesday issued a rare public disclosure of his private counsel to the president, warning that another health care fight would be politically costly and doomed to fail now that Democrats control the House. ",
"The usually tight-lipped leader said afterward that the president agreed to shelve his health care push until after the campaign.",
"\n\n“I made it clear to him that we were not going to be doing that in the Senate,” McConnell told reporters Tuesday.",
"\n\nFacing a court deadline, Trump seized on health care last week , backing a lawsuit seeking to strike down the Affordable Care Act. ",
"Trump’s motivations were as political as they were legislative, mindful that Republican unfulfilled promises to “repeal and replace” the Obama-era law stand as a glaring failure of his administration. ",
"He didn’t want to cede the issue again in the 2020 campaign, according to a person familiar with the conversations who was not authorized to speak publicly.",
"\n\nADVERTISEMENT\n\n“We’re going to keep the presidency, and we’ll vote in the best health care package we’ve ever had,” Trump said.",
"\n\nTrump and McConnell had not spoken for days. ",
"After Trump said last week he wanted to try again to repeal and replace the Affordable Care Act, McConnell faced a revolt from the ranks.",
"\n\nMcConnell explained to Trump that senators are open to tackling specific aspects of health care — namely, trying to lower prescription drug prices, according to a person who was granted anonymity to discuss the private call. ",
"But Trump’s promised big, new health care bill wasn’t going happen with Democrats running the House. ",
"Instead, Trump could focus on the issue during the election.",
"\n\nTrump told McConnell he “accepted” the situation and “would be developing a plan that he would take to the American people during the 2020 campaign.” ",
"That night, Trump tweeted as much.",
"\n\nMcConnell has made it clear Republicans should spend their time attacking “Medicare for All” proposals rather than revisiting the ACA debate, according to a Republican granted anonymity to discuss the private thinking.",
"\n\n___\n\nAssociated Press writers Zeke Miller, Laurie Kellman, Alan Fram, Ricardo Alonso-Zaldivar, Darlene Superville and Kevin Freking contributed to this report."
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"\n7 Year Old Tesla Model S at 98% Battery Capacity Today - HNLurker2\nhttps://cleantechnica.com/2019/09/15/7-year-old-tesla-model-s-at-98-battery-capacity-today/\n======\nwhenchamenia\nIndicated capacity and actual capacity are correlated in a dishonest manner\nfrom a publication that damn well knows better. ",
"Everyone knows batteries are\nderated with spare capacity in software. ",
"I love car tech, but this tesla\nfanboy crap is seriously and uselessly out of control.",
"\n\n------\nmister_hn\n7 years old, not 1... bad title\n\n"
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"<?",
"php\n\n/**\n * Zend Framework\n *\n * LICENSE\n *\n * This source file is subject to the new BSD license that is bundled\n * with this package in the file LICENSE.txt.",
"\n * It is also available through the world-wide-web at this URL:\n * http://framework.zend.com/license/new-bsd\n * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to\n * obtain it through the world-wide-web, please send an email\n * to license@zend.com so we can send you a copy immediately.",
"\n *\n * @category Zend\n * @package Zend_Gdata\n * @subpackage Exif\n * @copyright Copyright (c) 2005-2012 Zend Technologies USA Inc. (http://www.zend.com)\n * @license http://framework.zend.com/license/new-bsd New BSD License\n * @version $Id: FStop.php 24594 2012-01-05 21:27:01Z matthew $\n */\n\n/**\n * @see Zend_Gdata_Extension\n */\nrequire_once 'Zend/Gdata/Extension.php';\n\n/**\n * @see Zend_Gdata_Exif\n */\nrequire_once 'Zend/Gdata/Exif.php';\n\n/**\n * Represents the exif:fStop element used by the Gdata Exif extensions.",
"\n *\n * @category Zend\n * @package Zend_Gdata\n * @subpackage Exif\n * @copyright Copyright (c) 2005-2012 Zend Technologies USA Inc. (http://www.zend.com)\n * @license http://framework.zend.com/license/new-bsd New BSD License\n */\nclass Zend_Gdata_Exif_Extension_FStop extends Zend_Gdata_Extension\n{\n\n protected $_rootNamespace = 'exif';\n protected $_rootElement = 'fstop';\n\n /**\n * Constructs a new Zend_Gdata_Exif_Extension_FStop object.",
"\n *\n * @param string $text (optional) The value to use for this element.",
"\n */\n public function __construct($text = null)\n {\n $this->registerAllNamespaces(Zend_Gdata_Exif::$namespaces);\n parent::__construct();\n $this->setText($text);\n }\n\n}\n"
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"\n\nRootkit infects Linux web servers - tangue\nhttp://www.h-online.com/open/news/item/Rootkit-infects-Linux-web-servers-1753969.html\n\n======\ndrostie\nMore details at:\n\nCrowdStrike: [http://blog.crowdstrike.com/2012/11/http-iframe-injecting-\nli...](http://blog.crowdstrike.com/2012/11/http-iframe-injecting-linux-\nrootkit.html)\n\nKaspersky:\n[https://www.securelist.com/en/blog/208193935/New_64_bit_Linu...](https://www.securelist.com/en/blog/208193935/New_64_bit_Linux_Rootkit_Doing_iFrame_Injections)\n\nBoth links were submitted to HN but didn't make the front page; I guess the\nthird time's the charm?",
"\n\nCrowdStrike in particular concludes, \"Based on the Tools, Techniques, and\nProcedures employed and some background information we cannot publicly\ndisclose, a Russia-based attacker is likely. ",
"It remains an open question\nregarding how the attackers have gained the root privileges to install the\nrootkit. ",
"However, considering the code quality, a custom privilege escalation\nexploit seems very unlikely.\"",
"\n\n~~~\nantihero\nThanks. ",
"It only targets a specific version of 2.6, which is comforting.",
"\n\n------\ntangue\nBasically it targets Nginx and seems to substitute some tcp functions to\ninject an iframe.",
"\n\n<http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2012/Nov/94>\n\n~~~\nTranceMan\nMoreover it also seems to target a specific kernel version [which is used by\nthe latest debian 4bit] , from the securelist [1] article:\n\n'The malware module was specially designed for the kernel version\n2.6.32-5-amd64, which happens to be the latest kernel used in 64-bit Debian\nSqueezy. ",
"The binary is more than 500k, but its size is due to the fact that it\nhasn't been stripped (i.e. it was compiled with the debugging information).",
"\nPerhaps it's still in the development stage, because some of the functions\ndon’t seem to be fully working or they are not fully implemented yet.'",
"\n\n1\\.\n[https://www.securelist.com/en/blog/208193935/New_64_bit_Linu...](https://www.securelist.com/en/blog/208193935/New_64_bit_Linux_Rootkit_Doing_iFrame_Injections)\n\n------\njonpaul\nUnless I missed it, the article doesn't mention exactly how it gets on your\nweb server in the first place, or what vulnerability it exploits. ",
"I presume\nsome vulnerability in Nginx? ",
"This would be the most important part, how can I\nprevent my web server from getting infected with this specific rootkit. ",
"Did I\nmiss this part?",
"\n\n~~~\ntangue\nNobody knows. ",
"But the attacker has to have root privileges to install the\nrootkit. ",
"So the usual suspects are weak password and unpatched software.",
"\n\n------\nsethg\nThe article says the rootkit works by inserting a line into /etc/rc.local. ",
"If\nmy /etc/rc.local file looks OK, can I assume I haven’t been infected, or does\nthe rootkit use more sophisticated means to hide its presence?",
"\n\n~~~\n0x0\nNo, one of the earlier reports showed how the rootkit detects reads of\n/etc/rc.local and feeds you a file that looks like it doesn't contain the\nrootkit loading insmod calls.",
"\n\n~~~\ncsense\nDisclaimer: I don't have a copy of the rootkit to experiment with; all of this\nis pure speculation.",
"\n\nMy guess is you could detect the rootkit by booting to a known-clean system --\nfor example a distro install CD -- and checking the contents of rc.local by\nmounting the questionable system's fs.",
"\n\nThis examination could probably be performed without downtime by taking an LVM\nsnapshot and downloading it to a known-clean machine. ",
"The rootkit _could_ fake\nthe contents of the LVM snapshot as well, but it seems like this would be much\nharder for the rootkit authors and they probably didn't bother.",
"\n\nYou might also be able to disable it by modifying your startup scripts to\nignore rc.local (perhaps you could put a replacement in a non-standard\nlocation if you need the functionality).",
"\n\n------\n46Bit\nNo mention of infection stats, mechanisms, etc. ",
"I surmise this isn't a rootkit\nto worry about (beyond the usual daily scanners, etc) and the writer is a\nWindows guy who thinks \"*nix doesn't get viruses.\"",
"\n\n~~~\ndguido\n\"Oh, this will never happen to me!\" ",
"-everyone before they get hacked\n\n~~~\ncheeseprocedure\n...Or, in the case of rootkits:\n\n> \"Oh, this will never happen to me!\" ",
"-everyone, long after they were hacked\n\n------\netherealG\nno mention of delivery mechanism. ",
"anyone know more?",
"\n\n------\npschlump\nJust in case this is a real problem I have put together some quick scripts\nthat check for and can remove this. ",
"The code is up on github.com as\n<https://github.com/pschlump/linux-rootkit-expunger.git>\n\n~~~\njavajosh\nI looked at your script at [https://github.com/pschlump/linux-rootkit-\nexpunger/blob/mast...](https://github.com/pschlump/linux-rootkit-\nexpunger/blob/master/find-rookit.sh) and you're just doing a simple file read\nof /etc/rc.local. ",
"This will not work as the rootkit hides itself.",
"\n\nI suggest you do not claim that your removal tool works until you have tested\nit successfully. ",
"this is true for all software, but is even more critical for\nsomething like this, since a false sense of security is actually far worse\nthan just being infected.",
"\n\n~~~\nmercurial\nActually, this may be a way of detecting it. ",
"If you ls -l rc.local, ls should\nread the file size out of its inode (ie, not by reading the file itself).",
"\nWhich means that saving the buffer you get while reading rc.local in vim to\nanother file will result create a file with a different size than the real\nrc.local.",
"\n\n"
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"114 F.3d 1185\nErnest Mosleyv.",
"Excel Corporation\nNO. ",
"96-10303\nUnited States Court of Appeals,Fifth Circuit.",
"\nApr 28, 1997\nN.D.Tex., ",
"109 F.3d 1006\n\n1\nDENIALS OF REHEARING EN BANC.",
"\n\n"
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"A new method for the estimation for the absorption time of bioabsorbable polymers in the body.",
"\nA new method was developed to estimate the in vivo time of absorption of alpha-hydroxy polyester type polymers. ",
"This method is based on the pH Stat titration of the polymer as a function of time which can be related to the absorption time of the polymer in the body."
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"Hermie Hopperhead: Scrap Panic\n\nis a video game developed by Yuke's and published by Sony Computer Entertainment for the PlayStation. ",
"It was released in Japan in September 1995.",
"\n\nGameplay \n\nThe game features extensive use of parallax scrolling.",
"\n\nThe player can collect stars throughout the level. ",
"These stars act as the life meter (somewhat like Sonic the Hedgehog). ",
"After 100 stars have been collected, they can be used to hatch eggs. ",
"Eggs turn into animal assistants such as chickens, dragons, penguins or turtles. ",
"Different colored eggs will turn into different animals. ",
"These assistants can aid the player by shooting, or flying, and the player can have a maximum of three animal assistants at any time.",
"\n\nIf the player collects 400 stars, they can get a new life.",
"\n\nEnemies in the game include mutant car tires.",
"\n\nPlot \nThe story follows the eponymous Hermie as he witnesses an egg leap out of a trashcan and, peering inside said receptacle, falls into an alternate dimension.",
"\n\nDevelopment and release \n\nHermie Hopperhead: Scrap Panic was developed by Yuke's. ",
"The game was released on September 29, 1995, for the PlayStation by Sony Computer Entertainment. ",
"It was re-released under The Best for Family budget range on December 6, 1996. ",
"Hermie Hopperhead has not been available on the Japanese PlayStation Store.",
"\n\nReception \n\nFamitsu 24/40.",
"\n\nMega Fun 61.",
"\n\nManiac gave it a 66%.",
"\n\nGameFan 84.",
"\n\nSuper Game Power gave it an overall score of 4.5 out of 5 and called it a fun game in the style of Mario Bros.\n\nSuper Console gave it a score of 89%.",
"\n\nPlay 53%.",
"\n\nPlayStation Power gave it just 20%.",
"\n\nConsoles + gave it 90%.",
"\n\nNotes\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n Hermie Hopperhead: Scrap Panic at GameFAQs\n Hermie Hopperhead: Scrap Panic at Giant Bomb\n Hermie Hopperhead: Scrap Panic at MobyGames\n\nCategory:1995 video games\nCategory:Action video games\nCategory:Japan-exclusive video games\nCategory:Platform games\nCategory:PlayStation (console) games\nCategory:PlayStation (console)-only games\nCategory:Side-scrolling video games\nCategory:Single-player video games\nCategory:Sony Interactive Entertainment games\nCategory:Video games developed in Japan\nCategory:Yuke's games"
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"(Newser) – An Alaskan brown bear that had already rescued one cub after it broke its leg has once more become Katmai National Park and Preserve's resident hero. ",
"Holly—officially known as \"brown bear 435\" but described by park rangers as \"supermom\"—took in an abandoned grizzly cub as her own after the cub's real mother ditched him at a waterfall over the summer to run off with a male bear that was wooing her, Alaska Dispatch News reports. ",
"The yearling has even been spotted sharing food with his new mom's biological cub, which rangers say rarely happens between bear cubs that aren't related.",
"\n\nThe adopted cub, thought to be about 21 months old, was abandoned near Brooks Falls in July. ",
"He would wait for his mother for hours near the falls, and she'd occasionally show up, but then she stopped coming. ",
"Officials couldn't intervene—park policy mandates letting nature take its course—so they were glad (and amazed) to see Holly teaching the cub to fish one day, taking over where the cub's own mother had left off. ",
"They've been inseparable since, though Katmai authorities suspect Holly may have an ulterior motive: stockpiling another warm body to help her and her cub survive the harsh winter. ",
"Still, \"we don't know what caused Holly to adopt him,\" says Katmai's chief of interpretation. \"",
"It may just be a powerful maternal instinct.\" (",
"Read more uplifting news stories.)",
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"CJ Video (Page 9)\n\nDr. Terry Stoops, John Locke Foundation vice president for research, discusses the N.C. General Assembly’s potential overhaul of North Carolina’s school funding formula. ",
"Stoops offered these comments during an interview for Carolina Journal Radio.",
"\n\nNews about Triangle businesses offers clues about the health of the region’s economy. ",
"That’s one reason why the John Locke Foundation sought input Monday from Dane Huffman, managing editor of the Triangle Business Journal. ",
"Huffman recounted stories from his journalism career and discussed his work at TBJ in a presentation…\n\nJohn Locke Foundation Chairman John Hood answers host Tom Campbell’s question about the state of the national debate over gun control. ",
"This exchange took place during the Feb. 23, 2018, edition of “NC SPIN.”…",
"\n\nAfter his first year in office, Donald Trump could be described as engaging in “The Disruptive Presidency.” ",
"That’s how N.C. State political science professor Andrew Taylor described the Trump administration’s first year in office during a presentation Monday to the John Locke Foundation’s Shaftesbury Society.",
"\n\nJon Guze, John Locke Foundation director of legal studies, says an Alabama proposal would allow that state to become the best in the nation for protecting people against civil-asset forfeiture abuse. ",
"Guze offered these comments during an interview with Donna Martinez for Carolina Journal Radio."
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"Denham County\n\nDenham County, is one of the 141 Cadastral divisions of New South Wales. ",
"It lies between the Barwon River and the Namoi River, where the two rivers meet. ",
"It includes the localities of Koothney, Cryon and Bugilbone.",
"\n\nDenham County was named in honour of Captain H. M. Denham, H.M.S. Herald.",
"\n\nParishes within this county\nA full list of parishes found within this county; their current LGA and mapping coordinates to the approximate centre of each location is as follows:\n\nReferences\n\nCategory:Counties of New South Wales"
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"/*\n * Copyright 2013 The WebRTC project authors. ",
"All Rights Reserved.",
"\n *\n * Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license\n * that can be found in the LICENSE file in the root of the source\n * tree. ",
"An additional intellectual property rights grant can be found\n * in the file PATENTS. ",
" All contributing project authors may\n * be found in the AUTHORS file in the root of the source tree.",
"\n */\n\npackage org.webrtc;\n\n/** Java wrapper for a C++ MediaSourceInterface. */",
"\npublic class MediaSource {\n /** Tracks MediaSourceInterface.",
"SourceState */\n public enum State {\n INITIALIZING,\n LIVE,\n ENDED,\n MUTED;\n\n @CalledByNative(\"State\")\n static State fromNativeIndex(int nativeIndex) {\n return values()[nativeIndex];\n }\n }\n\n private long nativeSource;\n\n public MediaSource(long nativeSource) {\n this.nativeSource = nativeSource;\n }\n\n public State state() {\n checkMediaSourceExists();\n return nativeGetState(nativeSource);\n }\n\n public void dispose() {\n checkMediaSourceExists();\n JniCommon.nativeReleaseRef(nativeSource);\n nativeSource = 0;\n }\n\n /** Returns a pointer to webrtc::MediaSourceInterface. */",
"\n protected long getNativeMediaSource() {\n checkMediaSourceExists();\n return nativeSource;\n }\n\n private void checkMediaSourceExists() {\n if (nativeSource == 0) {\n throw new IllegalStateException(\"MediaSource has been disposed.\");",
"\n }\n }\n\n private static native State nativeGetState(long pointer);\n}\n"
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"Interferons (IFNs) were originally named for their ability to interfere with viral infection of host cells (Isaacs and Lindenman, 1957, Proc. ",
"R. Soc. ",
"147:28-267). ",
"Since their discovery, a number of members of the interferon family have been identified with various biological roles in addition to antiviral defense, including cell growth and cell immunity. ",
"Interferon types IFN-α, IFN-β, IFN-ω, and IFN-τ are type I interferons and bind the type I IFN receptor, while IFN-γ is a type II interferon and binds the type II IFN receptor (Pfeffer et al., ",
"1998, Cancer Res. ",
"58:2489-2499).",
"\nIFN-γ signaling depends on at least five distinct proteins: IFNGR1 and IFNGR2 (subunits of the IFN-γ receptor), Jak1, Jak2 and the transcription factor STAT1 (Schindler and Darnell, 1995, Annu. ",
"Rev. Biochem. ",
"64:621-651; Bach et al., ",
"1997, Annu. ",
"Rev. Immunol. ",
"15:563-591). ",
"IFN-γ receptors are found on most cell types, except mature erythrocytes (Farrar and Schreiber, 1993, Annu. ",
"Rev. Immunol. ",
"11:571-611). ",
"Jak1, Jak2, and STAT1 proteins mediate IFN-γ signaling.",
"\nIFN-γ regulates a variety of biological functions, such as antiviral responses, cell growth, immune response, and tumor suppression, and IFN-γ may mediate a variety of human diseases. ",
"Thus, there is a need in the art for agents that can modulate the biological activity of IFN-γ."
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"Chryssa\n\nChryssa Vardea-Mavromichali (; December 31, 1933 – December 23, 2013) was a Greek American artist who worked in a wide variety of media. ",
"An American art pioneer in light art and luminist sculpture widely known for her neon, steel, aluminum and acrylic glass installations, she has always used the mononym Chryssa professionally. ",
" She worked from the mid-1950s in New York City studios and worked since 1992 in the studio she established in Neos Kosmos, Athens, Greece.",
"\n\nBiography\nChryssa was born in Athens into the famous Mavromichalis family from the Mani Peninsula. ",
" Her family, while not rich, was educated and cultured; one of her sisters, who studied medicine, was a friend of the poet and novelist Nikos Kazantzakis.",
"\n\nChryssa began painting during her teenage years and also studied to be a social worker. ",
" In 1953, on the advice of a Greek art critic, her family sent her to Paris to study at the Académie de la Grande Chaumière where André Breton, Edgard Varèse, and Max Ernst were among her associates and Alberto Giacometti was a visiting professor.",
"\n\nIn 1954, at age twenty-one, Chryssa sailed for the United States, arrived in New York and went to San Francisco, California to study at the California School of Fine Arts. ",
" Returning to New York in 1955, she became a United States citizen and established a studio in the city. ",
"The same year she married fellow artist Jean Varda. ",
"The couple separated in 1958 \n\nAt the age of 79, Chryssa died of heart-related problems, in Athens, Greece, on December 23, 2013.",
"\n\nMajor works and milestones\n 1957\nChryssa's first major work was The Cycladic Books, a series of plaster reliefs which the French art critic Pierre Restany described as having produced \"the purified and stylized geometric relief which is characteristic of Cycladic sculpture.\" ",
" According to the American art historian and critic Barbara Rose, The Cycladic Books preceded American minimalism by seventeen years.",
"\n\n 1958\nArrow: Homage to Times Square is a large 8 ft by work in painted cast aluminum. ",
" In a 2005 interview in Vouliagmeni, Chryssa said: \"I only ever kept one work for more than 15 years in my studio, \"The Arrow\" – it is now in Albany, in the Rockefeller Collection.\"",
"\n\n 1961\nChryssa's first solo exhibition was mounted at The Guggenheim.",
"\n\n 1962\nTimes Square Sky is a 5 ft × × 9.5 in work in neon, aluminum and steel. ",
"It is now in the Walker Art Center in Minneapolis, Minnesota.",
"\n\n 1963\nChryssa's work was shown at the Museum of Modern Art in curator Dorothy Canning Miller's Americans 1963 exhibition. ",
"The artists represented in the show also included Richard Anuszkiewicz, Lee Bontecou, Robert Indiana, Richard Lindner, Marisol, Claes Oldenburg, Ad Reinhardt, James Rosenquist and others.",
"\n\n 1966\nThe Gates to Times Square, regarded as \"one of the most important American sculptures of all time\" and \"a thrilling homage to the living American culture of advertising and mass communications\", is a 10 ft cube installation of two huge letter As through which visitors may walk into \"a gleaming block of stainless steel and Plexiglas that seems to quiver in the play of pale blue neon light\" which is controlled by programmed timers. ",
"First shown in Manhattan's Pace Gallery, it was given to the Albright-Knox Art Gallery in Buffalo, New York in 1972.",
"\n\n 1967–1968\nClytemnestra is in the Corcoran Gallery of Art collection in Washington, D.C.. It is based on the anguish of Clytemnestra, upon learning that her daughter would be sacrificed by Agamemnon, as portrayed by Chryssa's friend Irene Papas in the Michael Cacoyannis production of Iphigeneia at Aulis on Broadway. ",
"This work, or another version of it, has also been installed outside the Megaron Concert Hall in Athens.",
"\n\n 1972\nThe Whitney Museum of American Art mounted a solo exhibition of works by Chryssa.",
"\n\nThat's All (early 1970s), the central panel of a triptych related to The Gates of Times Square, was acquired by the Museum of Modern Art between 1975 and 1979.",
"\n\n 1973\nChryssa's solo exhibition at the Gallerie Denise René was reviewed for TIME magazine by art critic Robert Hughes before it went on to the Galleries Denise René in Düsseldorf and Paris.",
"\n\nReceived the Guggenheim fellowship.",
"\n\n 1980\nChryssa's 70 ft (21 m) Untitled Light Sculpture, six large 'W's connected by cables and programmed electronically to create changing patterns of light through 900 feet of neon tubing, is suspended in the atrium of 33 West Monroe, a Skidmore, Owings & Merrill design and its former headquarters, in Chicago, Illinois.",
"\n\n 1983\nMott Street, named for Mott Street in Chinatown, Manhattan, is a large work in dark aluminium and red-toned neon light which is installed in the Evangelismos station of the Athens Metro.",
"\n\nOther works by Chryssa in composite honeycomb aluminum and neon in the 1980s and 1990s include Chinatown, Siren, Urban Traffic, and Flapping Birds.",
"\n\n1990\nChryssa 60/90 retrospective exhibition in Athens in the Mihalarias Art Center. ",
"After her long absence from Greece, a major exhibition including large aluminum sculptures - cityscapes, \"neon boxes\" from the Gates to the Times Square, paintings, drawings etc. ",
"was held in Athens.",
"\n\n 1992\nIn 1992, after closing her SoHo studio, which art dealer Leo Castelli had described as \"one of the loveliest in the world,\" Chryssa returned to Greece. ",
"She found a derelict cinema which had become a storeroom stacked with abandoned school desks and chairs, behind the old Fix Brewery near the city center in Neos Kosmos, Athens. ",
" Using the desks to construct enormous benches, she converted the space into a studio for working on designs and aluminum composite honeycomb sculptures. ",
" The Athens National Museum of Contemporary Art, which was founded in 2000 and owns Chryssa's Cycladic Books, is in the process of converting the Fix Brewery into its permanent premises.",
"\n\n 2005\nChryssa presented her paintings at the Mihalarias Art Center.",
"\n\nMonographs\nA partial listing of monographs on Chryssa's work: \n 1968: Diane Waldman. ",
" Chryssa: Selected Works 1955–1967. ",
" New York: Pace Gallery (48 pp.) ",
" .",
"\n 1974: Sam Hunter. ",
" Chryssa. ",
" New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc. (76 pp.) ",
" .",
"\n 1977: Pierre Restany. ",
" Chryssa. ",
" New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc. (274 pp.) ",
" .",
"\n 1983: Douglas Schultz. ",
" Chryssa: Urban Icons. ",
"Buffalo: Albright-Knox (170 pp.) ",
" .",
"\n 1990: Douglas Schultz. ",
" Chryssa: Cityscapes. ",
" London: Thames & Hudson (162 pp.) ",
" .",
"\n\nExhibitions and collections\nPartial listings of exhibitions and institutions with works by Chryssa in permanent collections:\n\nSolo exhibitions\n 1961: Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum \n 1965: Institute of Contemporary Art, Philadelphia\n 1968: Harvard University \n 1972: Whitney Museum of American Art \n 1979: Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris\n\nGroup exhibitions\n 1961: Le Nouveau Réalisme à Paris et à New York, Galerie Rive Droite, Paris, June 1961\n 1963: Museum of Modern Art \n 1977: Documenta '77 in Kassel \n 1991: Princeton University Art Museum \n 1997: Leo Castelli Gallery \n 2000, 2003 & 2005: European Cultural Center of Delphi \n 2007: Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden \n2017: documenta 14\n\nCollections\n Albright-Knox Art Gallery \n Boca Raton Museum of Art \n Corcoran Gallery of Art \n The Governor Nelson A. Rockefeller Empire State Plaza Art Collection\n Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden \n Macedonian Museum of Contemporary Art in Thessaloniki \n Museum of Modern Art \n National Museum of Contemporary Art in Athens \nNational Gallery of Athens\n Walker Art Center \n Whitney Museum of American Art \n\nAdditional exhibitions and collections are listed by the Artforum Culture Foundation, AskART.com, and other sources.",
"\n\nReferences\nAlthough Chryssa has always used the mononym professionally, some fine arts and art auction references nevertheless cite her as Chryssa Vardea, Vardea Chryssa, Chryssa Varda, or Varda Chryssa.",
"\n\nCategory:1933 births\nCategory:2013 deaths\nCategory:20th-century American women artists\nCategory:Alumni of the Académie de la Grande Chaumière\nCategory:American sculptors\nCategory:Greek emigrants to the United States\nCategory:Greek sculptors\nCategory:Greek women artists\nCategory:Guggenheim Fellows\nCategory:Neon artists"
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"Optimizing the treatment of ovarian cancer: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and interval debulking versus primary debulking surgery for epithelial ovarian cancers likely to have suboptimal resection.",
"\nTo: a) identify prognostic factors in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) and interval debulking surgery (IDS), and b) compare post-surgical survival between patients treated with NACT/IDS for presumed unresectable disease and stage IIIC/IV patients who underwent suboptimal primary debulking surgery (PDS). ",
"This was a retrospective study of consecutive stage IIIC or IV patients undergoing IDS after NACT at Mayo Clinic from January 2007 to December 2013. ",
"A subset of patients receiving NACT/IDS for the indication of unresectable disease were matched 1:1 on age and stage to a cohort of patients who underwent suboptimal PDS between 2003 and 2011. ",
"Hazard ratios and corresponding 95% confidence intervals were estimated from Cox proportional hazards models. ",
"We identified 87 patients treated with NACT/IDS: the median OS and PFS following surgery was 2.4 and 1.0years, respectively. ",
"Factors associated with significantly worse OS were older age (adjusted HR 1.60 per 10-year increase in age, 95% CI 1.18, 2.16) and elevated CA-125 before IDS (adjusted HR 2.30 for CA-125 >35U/mL, 95% CI 1.25, 4.23). ",
"Number of adjuvant chemotherapy cycles administered did not have a significant effect on survival. ",
"In the matched cohort analysis of presumed unresectable cases undergoing NACT/IDS vs suboptimal PDS cases (n=45 each), the NACT/IDS group had a significant OS advantage (HR 0.53; 95% CI 0.32, 0.88), and fewer patients experienced a 30-day postoperative Accordion grade 3/4 complication (11% vs 36%, P=0.01). ",
"Younger age and normalization of CA-125 prior to IDS are associated with improved survival with NACT/IDS. ",
"For primary EOC where resection to residual disease of 1cm or less is unlikely, NACT/IDS is associated with improved survival and reduced perioperative morbidity compared to PDS. ",
"As these patients are likely best served by NACT/IDS, more reliable predictors of resectability would be valuable."
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"Its north-western terminus is the N1 at Springfontein. ",
"From Hoopstad, it runs south-east, to Bethulie. ",
"In the north of the town, it crosses the R701. ",
"The route ends just south of the town at an intersection with the R391\n\nCategory:Regional Routes in the Free State (province)"
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"1. ",
"Introduction {#sec1-pathogens-07-00055}\n===============\n\n*Listeria monocytogenes* (*Lm*) is a Gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic intracellular bacterium that can cause listeriosis. ",
"It is a foodborne pathogen and primarily affects pregnant women, immunocompromised individuals, the young, and the elderly but may also adversely affect otherwise healthy individuals during outbreaks. *",
"Lm* infection of pregnant women can lead to infection of the fetus and result in fetal resorption, miscarriage or stillbirth, significantly contributing to the high mortality rate of *Lm* infections. ",
"Premature delivery and vertical transmission to the newborn are also serious complications associated with infection during pregnancy. ",
"Infections of susceptible populations may result in sepsis, meningitis, and encephalitis, which could be lethal. ",
"However, infections of otherwise healthy individuals typically lead to gastroenteritis. ",
"While rare, exposure to outbreak levels of *Lm* in healthy individuals could also be fatal. ",
"In the United States, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and a recent report conducted by United States Department of Agriculture, *Lm* is the third leading cause of deaths resulting from foodborne diseases and costs approximately 2.6 billion dollars annually, ranking it the third most among foodborne diseases in economic burden \\[[@B1-pathogens-07-00055],[@B2-pathogens-07-00055],[@B3-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. *",
"Lm* infects humans by invading the intestinal epithelium after consumption of contaminated food. ",
"The bacterial surface protein internalin A (InlA) promotes the invasion of human intestinal epithelium by binding to E-cadherin (Ecad), an adhesion molecule expressed by intestinal epithelial cells \\[[@B4-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"However, InlA does not recognize murine Ecad, and *Lm* fails to invade mouse intestines efficiently \\[[@B5-pathogens-07-00055]\\], limiting the use of mice as a model for oral *Lm* infection of humans. ",
"Therefore, the understanding of *Lm* pathogenesis and the immune response to *Lm* infection has predominantly been obtained after intravenous (i.v.) ",
"infection of mice. ",
"As such, this review will primarily summarize the knowledge originating from studies performed in i.v. *",
"Lm* infection models. ",
"The more recent generation of transgenic mice expressing a human Ecad or a humanized murine-Ecad and a murinized *Lm* strain containing mutations in the InlA protein that allow efficient invasion of murine intestines that may be coupled with a natural feeding infection provides more relevant mouse models for oral *Lm* infection or vaccination of humans \\[[@B6-pathogens-07-00055],[@B7-pathogens-07-00055],[@B8-pathogens-07-00055],[@B9-pathogens-07-00055],[@B10-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"Thus, this review will also discuss knowledge gained from oral *Lm* infection using these mouse models when available.",
"\n\nInnate inflammatory responses are critical for host defense against *Lm* infection. ",
"A hierarchical recruitment and activation of innate immune cells such as dendritic cells (DC) and inflammatory monocytes to the foci of infection coupled with interleukin (IL)-12, IL-18, interferon (IFN)-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α production are essential for the early control of *Lm* infection \\[[@B11-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"However, sterilizing immunity to *Lm* infection requires T cells \\[[@B12-pathogens-07-00055],[@B13-pathogens-07-00055],[@B14-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"CD8 T cells, along with CD4 T cells and γδ T cells collaborate to provide optimal protection against *Lm* infection \\[[@B9-pathogens-07-00055],[@B13-pathogens-07-00055],[@B14-pathogens-07-00055],[@B15-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"Extensive research has been carried out in the past three decades to broaden our understanding of T cell responses to *Lm* infection. *",
"Lm* is also a model pathogen to study T cell biology in general because of its ability to induce robust T cell responses that are readily tractable during all phases of the adaptive response \\[[@B16-pathogens-07-00055],[@B17-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"This review will focus on the CD8 T cell response to *Lm* infection, which can be characterized by four phases: (1) priming and activation; (2) clonal expansion and differentiation; (3) contraction; and (4) memory formation ([Figure 1](#pathogens-07-00055-f001){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ",
"Details of each phase of the CD8 T cell response to *Lm* infection will be discussed. ",
"Specifically, the role of dendritic cell subsets in acquiring and presenting *Lm* antigens to CD8 T cells and events that occur during CD8 T cell priming and activation will be addressed. ",
"Signals that regulate CD8 T cell expansion, differentiation and contraction during *Lm* infection will be explored. ",
"The formation of memory CD8 T cell subsets in the circulation and in the intestine will be analyzed. ",
"Additionally, the comparison of the CD8 T cell response after i.v. ",
"versus oral *Lm* infection will be included. ",
"Finally, CD8 T cell-mediated protective immunity against *Lm* infection and the use of *Lm* as a vaccine vector for cancer immunotherapy will be highlighted.",
"\n\n2. *",
"Listeria Monocytogenes (Lm)* Acquisition and Presentation by Dendritic Cells (DC) {#sec2-pathogens-07-00055}\n=====================================================================================\n\nAfter i.v. ",
"infection, *Lm* directly enters the blood circulation and rapidly arrives in the marginal zone of the spleen, where it is taken up by macrophage receptor with collagenous structure (MARCO)^+^ marginal zone macrophages (MZM) and CD169^+^ marginal metallophilic macrophages (MMM) \\[[@B18-pathogens-07-00055],[@B19-pathogens-07-00055],[@B20-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"These macrophages are thought to be crucial for the early control of *Lm* infection as shown by studies using low dose clodronate liposomes to deplete both macrophage subsets \\[[@B18-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"A recent study using transgenic mice expressing human diphtheria toxin receptor under the control of the *Cd169* promoter to selectively deplete CD169^+^ MMM demonstrated that they are the primary line of defense against *Lm* infection \\[[@B20-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"In the absence of CD169^+^ MMM, *Lm* spreads to the red pulp of the spleen, where it rapidly replicates leading to systemic dissemination \\[[@B20-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"CD169^+^ MMM initially contain *Lm* in the marginal zone, and *Lm* is subsequently transported to the T cell zone of the white pulp \\[[@B21-pathogens-07-00055],[@B22-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"Several sophisticated studies have shown that basic leucine zipper ATF-like transcription factor 3 (*Batf3)*-dependent CD8α^+^ DC are responsible for shuttling *Lm* to T cell zones of the white pulp \\[[@B22-pathogens-07-00055],[@B23-pathogens-07-00055],[@B24-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"The translocation of *Lm* to the T cell zone is a prerequisite for the establishment of a productive infection and the initiation of antigen presentation to CD8 T cells \\[[@B22-pathogens-07-00055],[@B23-pathogens-07-00055],[@B24-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. *",
"Lm* appears to be targeted to *Batf3*-dependent CD8α^+^ DC by its association with platelets that is dependent on complement C3 and platelet receptor glycoprotein membrane complex Ib (GPIb) \\[[@B25-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"However, a recent study identified a new pathway in which *Lm* may be targeted to *Batf3*-dependent CD8α^+^ DC early after i.v. ",
"infection. ",
"CD169^+^ MMM were visualized acquiring *Lm* in the marginal zone and trans-infecting *Batf3*-dependent CD8α^+^ DC to initiate *Lm* transit to the T cell zone \\[[@B20-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"Thus, in the absence of CD169^+^ MMMs, *Batf3*-dependent CD8α^+^ DC failed to transport *Lm* to the T cell zone \\[[@B20-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"Whether platelet association directly targets *Lm* to *Batf3*-dependent CD8α^+^ DC or indirectly through CD169^+^ MMMs remains to be elucidated. ",
"In the absence of *Batf3*-dependent CD8α^+^ DC, *Lm* was unable to establish a productive infection in the T cell zone as they were confined to the marginal zone and rapidly cleared by macrophages \\[[@B20-pathogens-07-00055],[@B24-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"As such, CD8 T cell responses were also significantly impaired \\[[@B24-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"This impairment could be rescued by increasing infectious dose or adoptive transfer of *Lm*-infected bone marrow-derived macrophages \\[[@B23-pathogens-07-00055],[@B24-pathogens-07-00055]\\], suggesting that *Batf3*-independent DC are also capable of priming CD8 T cell responses to i.v. *",
"Lm* infection. ",
"However, under normal physiological conditions, *Batf3*-dependent CD8α^+^ DC appear to play a central role in the activation of CD8 T cells, which has also been corroborated by in vitro studies showing that CD8α^+^ DC are more effective than CD11b^+^ DC at eliciting CD8 T cell responses to *Lm* \\[[@B26-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"In addition to their role in transporting *Lm* to the T cell zone and activating CD8 T cells, a new study demonstrated that *Batf3*-dependent CD8α^+^ DC are a vital source of IL-18, which subsequently licenses Natural Killer (NK) cells to produce IL-10 \\[[@B27-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"As NK cell-derived IL-10 promotes susceptibility to *Lm* infection \\[[@B28-pathogens-07-00055]\\], this new study provides an additional mechanism that contributes to the resistance of mice deficient in *Batf3*-dependent CD8α^+^ DC to *Lm* infection.",
"\n\nAfter oral infection, *Lm* invades the gut epithelium and disseminates to the draining mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), a primary site of T cell priming in response to intestinal pathogens. ",
"Whether *Lm* disseminates to the MLN extracellularly or intracellularly remains to be elucidated. ",
"While mechanistic in vivo insights of *Lm* dissemination is lacking, intracellular localization and replication appears essential for *Lm* dissemination to the MLN \\[[@B29-pathogens-07-00055]\\], suggesting that *Lm* may disseminate to the MLN intracellularly. ",
"Both intestinal CD103^+^ DC and C-X~3~-C motif chemokine receptor 1 (CX~3~CR1)^+^ mononuclear phagocytes (MP) can sample antigens from the lumen and migrate to the MLN in a C-C motif chemokine receptor (CCR)7-dependent manner \\[[@B30-pathogens-07-00055],[@B31-pathogens-07-00055],[@B32-pathogens-07-00055],[@B33-pathogens-07-00055],[@B34-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"CX~3~CR1^+^ MP are located close to the intestinal epithelium while CD103^+^ DC reside deeper in the lamina propria (LP) \\[[@B33-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"CX~3~CR1^+^ MP have been reported to capture luminal bacteria by extending transepithelial dendrites into the lumen \\[[@B30-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"CD103^+^ DC can be recruited to the intestinal epithelium in response to enteropathogen infection and can also capture luminal bacteria using transepithelial dendrites \\[[@B32-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"CD103^+^ DC may also acquire low molecular weight soluble luminal antigen from small intestine goblet cells through goblet cell-associated antigen passages \\[[@B34-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"A collaboration between CX~3~CR1^+^ MP and CD103^+^ DC has also been reported, where CX~3~CR1^+^ MP initially acquire luminal antigens for transfer to CD103^+^ DC \\[[@B35-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. *",
"Lm* appears to preferentially target luminally accessible Ecad on goblet cells and utilizes the transcytosis pathway to gain access to the lamina propria \\[[@B36-pathogens-07-00055]\\], implying that CD103^+^ DC may play a direct role in the acquisition of *Lm* and the transportation of *Lm* to the MLN. ",
"CD103^+^ DC can efficiently generate CCR9^+^ α~4~β~7~^+^ gut-tropic effector CD8 T cells after oral administration of antigen \\[[@B37-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"However, CD103^+^ DC consist of two distinct subsets, interferon regulatory factor (IRF)8-dependent CD11b^−^ CD103^+^ DC and IRF4-dependent CD11b^+^ CD103^+^ DC \\[[@B38-pathogens-07-00055],[@B39-pathogens-07-00055],[@B40-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"Whether CD11b^−^ CD103^+^ DC, CD11b^+^ CD103^+^ DC, or both are important for carriage of *Lm* to MLN and subsequent T cell priming is unresolved. ",
"IRF4-dependent CD11b^+^ CD103^+^ DC play a critical role in driving mucosal T helper (Th)17 responses \\[[@B40-pathogens-07-00055]\\], while IRF8-dependent CD11b^−^ CD103^+^ DC induce a Th1 response \\[[@B41-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. *",
"Lm* can induce either Th1 or Th17 responses dependent on the route of infection. ",
"While i.v. *",
"Lm* infection induces Th1 cells, intranasal *Lm* infection induces Th17 cells \\[[@B42-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"Our recent study demonstrated that a Th1 response is primarily induced after oral *Lm* infection \\[[@B15-pathogens-07-00055]\\], suggesting the involvement of CD11b^−^ CD103^+^ DC but not CD11b^+^ CD103^+^ DC in the induction of T cell responses after oral *Lm* infection. ",
"However, further work needs to determine whether the acquisition and transit of *Lm* is uncoupled from T cell priming, in which case one DC subset may acquire and transport *Lm* to the MLN and another DC subset may prime T cells and generate gut-tropic effector CD8 T cells after oral *Lm* infection.",
"\n\n3. ",
"T Cell Priming and Activation {#sec3-pathogens-07-00055}\n================================\n\nCirculating naïve CD8 T cells enter secondary lymphoid organs where they quickly survey DC before forming prolonged stable conjugates with DC presenting their cognate antigens \\[[@B43-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"During i.v. *",
"Lm* infection, antigen-specific CD8 T cells form clusters with DC at the borders of the T and B cell zones in the spleen \\[[@B44-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"Immunological synapses are organized at the interfaces of T cells and DC with apparent polarization of T cell receptor (TCR) and CD8 co-receptor, indicating the initiation of T cell activation. ",
"Antigen-specific CD8 T cells increase size, downregulate CD62L, and upregulate CD11a, programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and CD69 \\[[@B44-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"Following priming and activation by DC, antigen-specific CD8 T cells migrate to the T cell zones, where they undergo extensive proliferation before exiting the white pulp via bridging channels for entry into the red pulp and exit from the spleen. ",
"For i.v. *",
"Lm* infection, antigen-specific CD8 T cell responses peak around 7--8 days post infection (dpi) \\[[@B45-pathogens-07-00055],[@B46-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"Presumably, during oral infection with mouse-adapted *Lm*, CD8 T cells in the MLN undergo a similar process including initial priming and activation by DC followed by vigorous proliferation in the T cell zones and rapid egress from the MLN. ",
"While *Lm* enter the spleen within minutes after i.v. ",
"infection, *Lm* access to the MLN from the gut is delayed. ",
"Accordingly, antigen-specific CD8 T cell responses peak at around 8--9 dpi after oral *Lm* infection \\[[@B47-pathogens-07-00055],[@B48-pathogens-07-00055]\\].",
"\n\nCD8 T cell priming and activation by DC is a crucial step that ensures the generation of functional effector T cells critical for pathogen clearance by eliminating intracellular reservoirs of infected cells. ",
"During i.v. ",
"infection, efficient CD8 T cell priming and activation occur after infection with live *Lm* but not administration of heat-killed *Lm* (HK*Lm*) \\[[@B49-pathogens-07-00055],[@B50-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"Following HK*Lm* administration, CD8 T cells undergo poor proliferation and fail to upregulate activation markers such as CD69 and PD-1 \\[[@B49-pathogens-07-00055],[@B50-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"These CD8 T cells also exhibit limited cytolytic activity and impaired cytokine production \\[[@B49-pathogens-07-00055],[@B50-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"As a result, immunization with HK*Lm* does not induce protective immunity \\[[@B49-pathogens-07-00055],[@B51-pathogens-07-00055],[@B52-pathogens-07-00055],[@B53-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"Multiple mechanisms may account for inefficient CD8 T cell induction after HK*Lm* administration. ",
"CD169^+^ MMM in the marginal zone of the spleen appear to be the primary cellular niche for *Lm* early after i.v. ",
"infection \\[[@B20-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"DC may directly phagocytose *Lm* in the marginal zone or indirectly acquire *Lm* from CD169^+^ MMM \\[[@B19-pathogens-07-00055],[@B20-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"The latter requires recruitment of DC to infected CD169^+^ MMM, which is dependent on *Lm* invasion of the cytosol \\[[@B20-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"HK*Lm* fails to escape the phagolysosome and is unable to access the cytosol \\[[@B54-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"Therefore, DC may not acquire sufficient antigen after HK*Lm* administration, impairing their ability to induce a robust CD8 T cell response. ",
"In addition, while live *Lm* is rapidly transported to the T cell zone by DC \\[[@B22-pathogens-07-00055],[@B23-pathogens-07-00055],[@B24-pathogens-07-00055]\\], HK*Lm* remains in the marginal zone \\[[@B55-pathogens-07-00055]\\], suggesting that DC are unable to carry HK*Lm* to the T cell zone to activate T cells after HK*Lm* administration. ",
"Indeed, CD8 T cell-DC cluster formation was not observed after HK*Lm* administration \\[[@B50-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"Finally, HK*Lm* infection induced low levels of the costimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86 on DC \\[[@B55-pathogens-07-00055]\\], and this was independent of the amount of *Lm* uptake by DC suggesting an intrinsic defect associated with HK*Lm* \\[[@B54-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"CD28-mediated signals delivered by DC expressed CD80 and CD86 are important for CD8 T cell activation and expansion after *Lm* infection \\[[@B56-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"Furthermore, HK*Lm* fails to induce IFN-α/β production from DC \\[[@B54-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"IFN-β production from live *Lm*-infected DC induces CD69 expression on CD8 T cells and promotes CD8 T cell proliferation after antigen stimulation \\[[@B54-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"These studies suggest that HK*Lm* is unable to induce fully activated DC that can efficiently prime CD8 T cells. ",
"Collectively, these studies indicate that CD8 T cell priming and activation by DC after i.v. *",
"Lm* infection is a multifaceted process involving DC acquisition of *Lm* that is capable of phagolysosomal escape followed by adequate DC maturation and efficient migration to the T cell zone.",
"\n\nThe acquisition of *Lm* by DC is distinct after i.v. ",
"and oral infection. ",
"Compared to splenic DC, LP DC in steady state express higher levels of CD86, suggesting that they are more mature during homeostasis \\[[@B57-pathogens-07-00055]\\] and may have a lower activation threshold. ",
"Moreover, LP DC constitutively express CCR7 and readily migrate to the MLN upon antigen uptake \\[[@B57-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"Compared to splenic DC, LP DC selectively induce gut-homing receptor α~4~β~7~ and CCR9 expression on CD8 T cells \\[[@B37-pathogens-07-00055]\\], which has a profound impact on the tropism of CD8 T cells. ",
"However, whether CD8 T cells are primed and activated differently by DC after oral *Lm* infection and how that will impact their expansion, contraction, differentiation and memory formation are not well understood.",
"\n\n4. ",
"T Cell Expansion, Differentiation and Contraction {#sec4-pathogens-07-00055}\n====================================================\n\nNaïve antigen-specific CD8 T cells, present at very low frequencies (\\~80--1200 cells per mouse), undergo rapid and massive clonal expansion and development of effector functions after priming and activation by DC. ",
"A large population of effector cells are mobilized into the blood and migrate to sites of infection to eliminate intracellular pathogens by inducing cytolysis of infected cells. ",
"Effector CD8 T cells also produce potent anti-pathogen cytokines to aid in the resolution of infection \\[[@B58-pathogens-07-00055],[@B59-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"Following the peak of clonal expansion and pathogen clearance, antigen-specific effector CD8 T cells undergo extensive contraction, during which most effector cells (90--95%) rapidly die through apoptosis restoring homeostasis of the immune system. ",
"The remaining effector cells survive to form a long-lived self-renewing memory population that can provide life-long protection against reinfection \\[[@B60-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"Effector CD8 T cells that are fated to die during contraction and those that possess memory potential can be identified based on the dichotomous expression of killer cell lectin-like receptor G1 (KLRG-1) and IL-7Rα (CD127) \\[[@B61-pathogens-07-00055],[@B62-pathogens-07-00055],[@B63-pathogens-07-00055],[@B64-pathogens-07-00055],[@B65-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"Naïve CD8 T cells express CD127 but not KLRG-1 \\[[@B61-pathogens-07-00055],[@B62-pathogens-07-00055],[@B64-pathogens-07-00055],[@B65-pathogens-07-00055],[@B66-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"Within the first few days after antigen encounter, CD8 T cells downregulate CD127 and form a plastic population of CD127^−^ KLRG-1^−^ early effector cells (EEC) \\[[@B46-pathogens-07-00055],[@B67-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"EEC can upregulate KLRG1 to differentiate into CD127^−^ KLRG-1^+^ short-lived effector cells (SLEC) or reexpress CD127 to differentiate into CD127^+^ KLRG-1^−^ memory precursor effector cells (MPEC). ",
"SLEC are terminally differentiated and undergo apoptosis during immune contraction, while MPEC have long-lived potential and survive into self-maintaining memory cells. ",
"In some circumstances, a subset of cells expressing both KLRG-1 and CD127 develop, but their developmental pathway and immunological role are less clear \\[[@B46-pathogens-07-00055],[@B68-pathogens-07-00055]\\].",
"\n\nAntigen-specific CD8 T cell expansion and contraction after i.v. *",
"Lm* infection is instructed during priming \\[[@B69-pathogens-07-00055],[@B70-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"However, manipulation of the infection to influence the amount and duration of antigen and inflammation by using antibiotic treatment, attenuated strains or different doses of *Lm* can greatly impact these processes. ",
"Increasing the infectious dose can increase antigen-specific CD8 T cell expansion and the magnitude of the peak response, but it does not appear to affect the onset or early kinetics of contraction \\[[@B70-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"Shortening the length of infection by antibiotic treatment early after infection decreases the magnitude of antigen-specific CD8 T cell expansion \\[[@B69-pathogens-07-00055],[@B70-pathogens-07-00055],[@B71-pathogens-07-00055],[@B72-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"However, the onset of T cell contraction seems to be predominately influenced by the peak of bacterial burden or antigenic load but not the length of infection \\[[@B72-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"Infection with a highly attenuated actin assembly-inducing protein (ActA)-deficient *Lm* that is not able to spread from cell to cell intracellularly leads to a quicker peak of bacterial load and an accelerated antigen-specific CD8 T cell response with earlier onset of contraction \\[[@B72-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"Continuous treatment of animals with antibiotics before and throughout the infection also significantly impairs the expansion of antigen-specific CD8 T cells \\[[@B71-pathogens-07-00055],[@B73-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"Intriguingly, antigen-specific CD8 T cells generated in these antibiotic treated animals do not undergo contraction, leading to a normal and functional memory population despite a substantially reduced effector response. ",
"The lack of contraction is thought to be associated with decreased inflammation caused by continuous antibiotic treatment. ",
"In such environments, antigen-specific CD8 T cells do not upregulate KLRG-1 to differentiate into SLEC. ",
"Instead, they upregulate CD127 and become MPEC that survive and form memory. ",
"These studies demonstrate that the inflammatory environment regulates T cell memory differentiation.",
"\n\nCD8 T cell memory differentiation is a continuous process; however, fate decisions occur early during the effector phase at the EEC stage and are largely dictated by the nature of the pathogen and environmental conditions they induce \\[[@B46-pathogens-07-00055],[@B74-pathogens-07-00055],[@B75-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"After i.v. *",
"Lm* infection, EEC predominately give rise to SLEC in the spleen, leading to a dominant SLEC population (\\~75%) with few EEC (\\~10%) and MPEC (\\~5%) \\[[@B46-pathogens-07-00055],[@B74-pathogens-07-00055],[@B75-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"In comparison, after i.v. ",
"vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) infection, some EEC stay undifferentiated and those that differentiate form both SLEC and MPEC in the spleen, resulting in roughly comparable populations of EEC (\\~35%), SLEC (\\~35%) and MPEC (\\~25%) \\[[@B46-pathogens-07-00055],[@B74-pathogens-07-00055],[@B75-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"The differentiation pattern seen in i.v. ",
"VSV infection has also been observed in intranasal influenza A virus infection and vaccinia virus infection via skin scarification \\[[@B74-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"This distinct pathogen-induced differentiation pattern was observed at both the population and single-cell levels \\[[@B46-pathogens-07-00055],[@B74-pathogens-07-00055],[@B75-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"Moreover, both i.v. ",
"and oral *Lm* infection induced a similar pattern in the spleen with a heavily skewed SLEC population, suggesting that the differentiation pattern of EEC appears pathogen driven \\[[@B75-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"Interestingly, while EEC appear committed to either a SLEC or MPEC fate during priming, they retain plasticity to respond to changing environmental cues \\[[@B74-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"For example, EEC from *Lm*-infected mice mainly differentiated into SLEC when transferred into naïve mice. ",
"However, transfer of *Lm*-elicited EEC into a mouse infected with VSV expressing the same cognate antigen resulted in a differentiation pattern resembling that observed after VSV infection. ",
"Thus, EEC display some level of superficial commitment to a specific lineage based on early signals while maintaining a degree of plasticity to respond appropriately to changing inflammatory cues. ",
"This can be further observed in vivo at the single cell level \\[[@B75-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"Unique clones of naïve CD8 T cells that differentiate into effector CD8 T cells with bias to a single developmental pathway can be heavily skewed towards a different development pathway by tissue-specific environments. ",
"At the peak of the CD8 T cell response after oral *Lm* infection, effector CD8 T cells that arose from a single naïve T cell comprised mostly SLEC in the spleen but were heavily skewed towards MPEC and EEC once they migrated into the intestinal epithelium despite being progeny of an identical parent \\[[@B48-pathogens-07-00055],[@B75-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"Thus, differentiation patterns can be heavily influenced by the distinct local environments of nonlymphoid tissues.",
"\n\nPathogen-induced inflammation, when coupled with antigen, critically regulates SLEC and MPEC differentiation \\[[@B74-pathogens-07-00055],[@B76-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"Reduced inflammation favors MPEC differentiation, whereas increased inflammation promotes SLEC differentiation \\[[@B64-pathogens-07-00055],[@B71-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"I.v. *",
"Lm* or VSV infection induce distinct inflammatory environments leading to unique differentiation patterns of their effector populations \\[[@B46-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"I.v. *",
"Lm* infection elicits IL-12, IFN-β and IFN-γ, while VSV infection fails to induce these cytokines. ",
"IL-12 signaling promotes antigen-specific CD8 T cell expansion and SLEC differentiation in i.v. *",
"Lm* infection and CD8 T cells lacking IL-12 receptor have impaired expansion and fail to differentiate into SLEC \\[[@B46-pathogens-07-00055],[@B77-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"Mechanistically, IL-12 induces the transcription factor T-bet, which is necessary and sufficient to drive SLEC differentiation \\[[@B64-pathogens-07-00055],[@B78-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"IFN-γ signaling can also promote SLEC differentiation following i.v. *",
"Lm* infection. ",
"Antigen-specific CD8 T cells in IFN-γ deficient mice have increased CD127 expression \\[[@B71-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"However, IFN-γ does not induce SLEC differentiation directly \\[[@B76-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"Instead, it influences SLEC differentiation indirectly by promoting IL-12 production \\[[@B76-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"Type I interferon signaling has also been shown to promote antigen-specific CD8 T cell expansion and SLEC differentiation after i.v. *",
"Lm* infection. ",
"CD8 T cells lacking type I interferon receptor fail to undergo robust expansion and cannot efficiently generate SLEC \\[[@B46-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"CD8 T cells lacking both IL-12 receptor and type I interferon receptor have a more profound defect in expansion and SLEC differentiation \\[[@B46-pathogens-07-00055]\\], suggesting that IL-12 and type I interferon play non-redundant roles in driving effector T cell expansion and SLEC differentiation. ",
"Overall, i.v. *",
"Lm* infection favors SLEC differentiation by inducing an environment that promotes SLEC formation.",
"\n\nDuring i.v. *",
"Lm* infection, both SLEC and MPEC undergo contraction; however, SLEC contract approximately 10 times more than MPEC \\[[@B79-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"The survival of MPEC is primarily dependent on IL-7, but IL-15 may also contribute to MPEC survival in some contexts \\[[@B61-pathogens-07-00055],[@B62-pathogens-07-00055],[@B79-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"Both IL-7 and IL-15 promotes cell survival in part by upregulating the expression of the anti-apoptotic molecule Bcl-2 \\[[@B61-pathogens-07-00055],[@B62-pathogens-07-00055],[@B80-pathogens-07-00055],[@B81-pathogens-07-00055]\\], although these cytokines are not interchangeable. ",
"While administration of exogenous IL-7 or IL-15 during the contraction phase promotes the survival of MPEC \\[[@B79-pathogens-07-00055]\\], the presence of IL-7 but not IL-15 appears necessary, as MPEC fail to survive in the absence of IL-7 but they survive similarly in the presence or absence of IL-15 \\[[@B61-pathogens-07-00055],[@B62-pathogens-07-00055],[@B64-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"Thus, while IL-15 may promote MPEC survival, IL-7 is necessary for MPEC survival. ",
"The expression of CD127 allows MPEC to survive and form long-lived memory cells in the presence of IL-7; however, it is not sufficient to instruct memory formation as forced CD127 expression on SLEC does not save them from death \\[[@B82-pathogens-07-00055],[@B83-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"As SLEC do not express CD127, their survival during contraction is predominantly dependent on IL-15 \\[[@B64-pathogens-07-00055],[@B79-pathogens-07-00055],[@B80-pathogens-07-00055],[@B81-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"In the absence of IL-15, SLEC contract more rapidly, indicating IL-15 promotes some level of SLEC survival during contraction \\[[@B64-pathogens-07-00055],[@B80-pathogens-07-00055],[@B81-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"However, the ability to sense IL-15 is not sufficient for their long-term survival as SLEC still contract \\~20-fold after i.v. *",
"Lm* infection \\[[@B79-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"The massive contraction of SLEC is induced by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), which is upregulated after i.v. *",
"Lm* infection and selectively promotes the apoptosis of SLEC during clonal expansion and contraction by dampening B-cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2 expression \\[[@B81-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"While both SLEC and MPEC express TGF-β receptor, IL-7 but not IL-15 seems to be able to overcome the apoptotic effect induced by TGF-β. ",
"Thus, TGF-β and IL-15 exert opposite roles in controlling the fate of SLEC after i.v. *",
"Lm* infection.",
"\n\nOral *Lm* infection induces similar kinetics of T cell expansion and contraction and a similar differentiation pattern in the spleen as i.v. ",
"infection, with the exception that antigen-specific CD8 T cells peak one day later after oral infection \\[[@B45-pathogens-07-00055],[@B46-pathogens-07-00055],[@B47-pathogens-07-00055],[@B48-pathogens-07-00055],[@B75-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"However, as discussed above the differentiation pattern can be profoundly impacted by the tissue-specific environment \\[[@B75-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"While antigen-specific CD8 T cells are largely SLEC in the spleen after oral *Lm* infection, the population rapidly shifts to MPEC in the intestine \\[[@B48-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"It appears SLEC undergo accelerated apoptosis in response to TGF-β signaling in the intestine, leading to the rapid accumulation of MPEC. ",
"This suggests that antigen-specific CD8 T cells in the intestine are more susceptible to TGF-β-induced apoptosis or that TGF-β signaling is more abundant in the intestine. ",
"Future studies are required to elucidate the detailed mechanisms involved in intestinal CD8 T cell differentiation.",
"\n\n5. ",
"T Cell Memory Formation {#sec5-pathogens-07-00055}\n==========================\n\nAfter pathogen clearance, MPEC that survive the contraction phase give rise to long-lived memory cells. ",
"Memory CD8 T cells are heterogenous and have been traditionally divided into central memory T (T~CM~) cells and effector memory T (T~EM~) cells based on their migratory patterns \\[[@B84-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"T~CM~ cells express lymph node homing receptors CD62L and CCR7 and circulate between the bloodstream and secondary lymphoid organs. ",
"T~EM~ cells lack these receptors and circulate through the bloodstream, permissive non-lymphoid tissues and secondary lymphoid organs. ",
"I.v. *",
"Lm* infection induces rapid generation of CD62L^+^ T~CM~ cells \\[[@B85-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"CD62L^+^ cells emerge in a subset of MPEC at the peak of the T cell response and gradually increase over time \\[[@B85-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"The entire antigen-specific CD8 T cell population gradually shifts from CD62L^−^ T~EM~ cells to CD62L^+^ T~CM~ cells. ",
"A linear T~EM~ → T~CM~ differentiation pathway had been proposed, in which T~EM~ cells are transitional and give rise to T~CM~ cells \\[[@B86-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"However, this does not appear to be the dominant pathway under normal physiological conditions \\[[@B87-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"CD62L^−^ T~EM~ cells generated under abnormally elevated precursor frequencies are not fully committed and capable of re-expressing CD62L and converting to CD62L^+^ T~CM~ cells. ",
"However, under physiological conditions with low precursor frequencies of naïve antigen-specific CD8 T cells, or in adoptive transfer systems where small numbers of naïve TCR transgenic CD8 T cells are used, CD62L^−^ T~EM~ and CD62L^+^ T~CM~ cells appear as distinct and stable lineages that develop independently without interconversion \\[[@B87-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"The gradual shift of the antigen-specific memory CD8 T cell population from CD62L^−^ T~EM~ cells to CD62L^+^ T~CM~ cells occurs due to a higher proliferative capacity of CD62L^+^ T~CM~ cells leading to their preferential accumulation over time \\[[@B59-pathogens-07-00055],[@B85-pathogens-07-00055],[@B87-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"Overall, CD62L expression and T~EM~/T~CM~ lineage commitment is largely influenced by the initial frequency of naïve antigen-specific CD8 T cells \\[[@B59-pathogens-07-00055],[@B87-pathogens-07-00055],[@B88-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"T~EM~/T~CM~ lineage decision occurs during the primary immune response \\[[@B87-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"It is generally believed that weak stimulation favors the generation of CD62L^+^ T~CM~ cells, while strong stimulation is required for CD62L^−^ T~EM~ cell generation. ",
"Indeed, limiting antigen availability and/or inflammation during i.v. *",
"Lm* infection by blocking antigen presentation or shortening the infection promotes CD62L^+^ T~CM~ cell development \\[[@B85-pathogens-07-00055],[@B89-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"Both T~EM~ and T~CM~ cells are capable of proliferating, producing cytokines such as IFN-γ and TNF-α and acquiring cytotoxicity upon antigenic stimulation, although T~CM~ cells have greater proliferative capacity and can produce IL-2 \\[[@B86-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"However, their protective capacity for challenge infections is greatly dependent on the characteristics of both the pathogen (i.e., site where the pathogen replicates and activation of T cells occurs) and memory subset (i.e., proliferative capacity and migratory preference) \\[[@B90-pathogens-07-00055],[@B91-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"In i.v. *",
"Lm* challenge infection, both T~EM~ and T~CM~ cells mount recall responses and contribute to protective immunity, with T~EM~ cells providing superior protection \\[[@B90-pathogens-07-00055],[@B92-pathogens-07-00055],[@B93-pathogens-07-00055]\\].",
"\n\nThe identification of tissue-resident memory T (T~RM~) cells was a breakthrough in the field of memory CD8 T cells \\[[@B48-pathogens-07-00055],[@B94-pathogens-07-00055],[@B95-pathogens-07-00055],[@B96-pathogens-07-00055],[@B97-pathogens-07-00055]\\] that substantially improved our understanding of memory CD8 T cell subsets and their protective functions in tissues. ",
"Contrary to circulating T~EM~ and T~CM~ cells, T~RM~ cells represent a subset of memory T cells that are self-maintained in tissues without the need for replenishment from the circulation. ",
"They are phenotypically, functionally, transcriptionally, and metabolically distinct from T~EM~ and T~CM~ cells \\[[@B98-pathogens-07-00055],[@B99-pathogens-07-00055],[@B100-pathogens-07-00055],[@B101-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"T~RM~ cells do not express CD62L and CCR7; instead, they express CD69, which provides a mechanism promoting their retention in tissues \\[[@B102-pathogens-07-00055],[@B103-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"CD69 physically interacts with sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) and inhibits the S1PR1-mediated egress of CD8 T~RM~ cells from tissues \\[[@B104-pathogens-07-00055],[@B105-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"Additionally, some T~RM~ cells also express CD103, which binds Ecad expressed by epithelial cells in barrier tissues and plays an important role in the retention of CD8 T~RM~ cells in barrier tissues \\[[@B98-pathogens-07-00055],[@B106-pathogens-07-00055],[@B107-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"CD8 T~RM~ cells have been shown to play a critical role in protective immunity against infections and cancers \\[[@B48-pathogens-07-00055],[@B94-pathogens-07-00055],[@B95-pathogens-07-00055],[@B97-pathogens-07-00055],[@B108-pathogens-07-00055],[@B109-pathogens-07-00055],[@B110-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"They are pre-positioned in the tissue to respond immediately to pathogen re-encounter and mediate protective immunity by direct lysis of infected cells or by activating innate immune cells and recruiting circulating memory T cells through the release of cytokines IFN-γ, IL-2 and TNFα \\[[@B111-pathogens-07-00055],[@B112-pathogens-07-00055],[@B113-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"Recent studies using an oral infection model of *Lm* demonstrated the robust induction of antigen-specific CD8 T cell responses in the intestine \\[[@B47-pathogens-07-00055],[@B48-pathogens-07-00055],[@B114-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"These intestinal antigen-specific CD8 T cells quickly adopted an MPEC phenotype and upregulated CD69 and CD103 expression, indicating rapid generation of CD8 T~RM~ cells in the intestine 9 days after oral *Lm* infection \\[[@B48-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"The expression of CD69 and CD103 was exclusively confined to MPEC, supporting the notion that CD8 T~RM~ cells are derived from MPEC. ",
"In this model, CD103 expression promoted the accumulation but not retention of antigen-specific CD8 T cells in the intestinal epithelium \\[[@B48-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"As CD103 also binds Ecad expressed by intestinal epithelial cells, it is possible that CD103 promotion of intestinal accumulation early after infection is due to the nature of Ecad-mediated *Lm* entry into the intestinal epithelium, and this topic needs further exploration. ",
"The rapid generation and maintenance of CD69^+^ CD103^+^ CD8 T~RM~ cells in the intestine after oral *Lm* infection is critically regulated by TGF-β signaling. ",
"In the absence of TGF-β signaling, antigen-specific CD8 T cells migrated to the intestine efficiently but failed to become CD69^+^ CD103^+^ CD8 T~RM~ cells and were not maintained in the intestine \\[[@B48-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"These intestinal CD8 T~RM~ cells established early after primary oral *Lm* infection provided optimal protection against secondary oral *Lm* infection \\[[@B48-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"Compared to oral *Lm* infection, i.v. *",
"Lm* infection induced a significantly smaller population of antigen-specific CD8 T cells in the intestine and these CD8 T cells were inefficient at rapidly differentiating into CD69^+^ CD103^+^ CD8 T~RM~ cells, suggesting that the route of infection greatly impacts memory CD8 T cell responses in the intestine (our unpublished data). ",
"The migration of antigen-specific CD8 T cells to the intestine is controlled by gut-homing receptors α~4~β~7~ and CCR9 \\[[@B115-pathogens-07-00055],[@B116-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"CD8 T cells induced after oral *Lm* infection likely express higher levels of α~4~β~7~ and CCR9 and migrate more efficiently to the intestine than those induced after i.v. ",
"infection as LP DC but not splenic DC selectively instruct CD8 T cells to upregulate α~4~β~7~ and CCR9 expression \\[[@B37-pathogens-07-00055]\\], which could contribute to the difference in the magnitude of antigen-specific CD8 T cell responses in the intestine after i.v. ",
"and oral infection. ",
"However, how infection route regulates the differentiation of CD8 T~RM~ cells in the intestine is unclear. ",
"Oral infection likely induces a distinct intestinal environment that may impact in situ differentiation of T~RM~ cells. ",
"Overall, i.v. ",
"and oral *Lm* infection appears to induce distinct CD8 cell responses in the intestine, which may greatly impact CD8 T~RM~ cell-mediated immunity. ",
"Future studies are required to evaluate the mechanisms governing the induction of superior gastrointestinal CD8 T cell responses after oral infection, which will improve our knowledge of mucosal T cell immunity and provide valuable insights into vaccine design.",
"\n\n6. ",
"CD4 T Cell Help {#sec6-pathogens-07-00055}\n==================\n\nThe role of CD4 T cell help in regulating CD8 T cell responses has a long and often contradictory history \\[[@B117-pathogens-07-00055]\\], which is well documented after i.v. *",
"Lm* infection. ",
"Lack of CD4 T cell help has been reported to impair the primary CD8 T cell response \\[[@B118-pathogens-07-00055]\\], the maintenance of memory CD8 T cells \\[[@B119-pathogens-07-00055],[@B120-pathogens-07-00055]\\], or the recall CD8 T cell response \\[[@B118-pathogens-07-00055],[@B121-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"Alternatively, CD4 T cell help has also been reported to be not critical for the primary CD8 T cell response \\[[@B49-pathogens-07-00055],[@B122-pathogens-07-00055]\\], the maintenance of memory CD8 T cells \\[[@B122-pathogens-07-00055]\\], or the recall CD8 T cell response \\[[@B49-pathogens-07-00055],[@B122-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"Traditionally, CD4 T cells were envisioned to provide help to CD8 T cells through multiple mechanisms such as activation of antigen presenting cells through CD40L/CD40 interaction (indirect help) or the secretion of IL-2 (direct help). ",
"Recently, CD4 T cell help has also been shown to facilitate migration of CD8 T cells into non-lymphoid tissues \\[[@B123-pathogens-07-00055],[@B124-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"Whether CD4 T cell help to CD8 T cells during i.v. *",
"Lm* infection is through CD40L/CD40 interaction is also controversial. ",
"While some studies showed that the CD40L--CD40 pathway was not required during the primary or recall CD8 T cell response \\[[@B122-pathogens-07-00055],[@B125-pathogens-07-00055],[@B126-pathogens-07-00055]\\], others showed that CD40L/CD40 interaction was required for the recall CD8 T cell response \\[[@B63-pathogens-07-00055],[@B118-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"However, CD40L/CD40 interaction may provide help to CD8 T cells independently of CD4 T cells \\[[@B118-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"More recently, studies showed that CD4 T cell help induced the expression of CD25 by antigen-specific CD8 T cells, which was required for the optimal SLEC development and effector CD8 T cell expansion in response to IL-2 \\[[@B127-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"Studies further showed that memory CD8 T cells generated in the absence of CD25-mediated signals were able to mount a robust recall response \\[[@B127-pathogens-07-00055]\\], suggesting that CD4 T cell help and IL-2 signaling through CD25 controls the expansion and differentiation of effector CD8 T cells during the primary response but not the recall response.",
"\n\nDuring oral *Lm* infection, CD4 T cell help appears to be more important for CD8 T cell response in the intestinal tissues than the spleen and liver during primary response \\[[@B47-pathogens-07-00055]\\], suggesting that CD4 T cells may regulate CD8 T cell responses in a tissue-specific manner. ",
"Furthermore, CD4 T cells likely provide help to CD8 T cells through CD40L/CD40 interaction \\[[@B47-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"However, whether CD4 T cell help also regulates the maintenance of memory CD8 T cells and the recall CD8 T cell response after oral *Lm* infection is unclear.",
"\n\n7. ",
"CD8 T Cell-Mediated Protective Immunity against *Lm* Infection {#sec7-pathogens-07-00055}\n=================================================================\n\nOnce *Lm* enters the host cell, it is able to use its surface protein ActA to induce actin polymerization and propel itself within the cell and spread to neighboring cells without exposure to the extracellular environment \\[[@B4-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"By remaining intracellular through its lifecycle, *Lm* can avoid humoral immunity. ",
"Thus, sterilizing immunity relies on inducing a robust cellular response \\[[@B128-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"CD8 T cells collaborate with CD4 T cells and γδ T cells to provide optimal protection against *Lm* infection \\[[@B9-pathogens-07-00055],[@B13-pathogens-07-00055],[@B14-pathogens-07-00055],[@B15-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"The identification of CD8 epitopes from *Lm*-secreted proteins listeriolysin O (LLO) and invasion-associated protein p60 and the finding that CD8 T cells specific to either of these epitopes can provide protection against *Lm* infection led to the hypothesis that *Lm*-secreted proteins may be the most relevant antigens to prime CD8 T cells and to induce protective immunity against *Lm* infection \\[[@B17-pathogens-07-00055],[@B129-pathogens-07-00055],[@B130-pathogens-07-00055],[@B131-pathogens-07-00055],[@B132-pathogens-07-00055],[@B133-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"Subsequent studies using recombinant *Lm* to express a secreted or non-secreted form of epitope derived from lymphocytic choriomeningitis or recombinant *Salmonella typhimurium* to express secreted or non-secreted forms of LLO and p60 suggested that both secreted and non-secreted epitope or protein can induce primary and secondary antigen-specific CD8 T cell responses \\[[@B134-pathogens-07-00055],[@B135-pathogens-07-00055],[@B136-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"However, these antigen-specific CD8 T cells provide protection against *Lm* expressing the secreted antigen but not against *Lm* expressing a non-secreted form of the same antigen \\[[@B134-pathogens-07-00055],[@B135-pathogens-07-00055],[@B136-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"Through ActA-mediated cell-to-cell spread, *Lm* can infect a variety of cells including phagocytic and non-phagocytic cells. ",
"In infected phagocytic cells, both secreted and non-secreted bacterial antigens can be presented on the cell surface, while in infected non-phagocytic cells, only secreted bacterial antigens can be displayed on the cell surface for immune surveillance \\[[@B135-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"Therefore, although phagocytic cells can present non-secreted antigens to CD8 T cells to prime them, CD8 T cells specific for non-secreted antigens do not recognize infected non-phagocytic cells and are unable to control listeriosis \\[[@B135-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"As maternal *Lm* infection can cause serious fetal or neonatal complications, developing prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines against listeriosis is an ongoing interest \\[[@B137-pathogens-07-00055],[@B138-pathogens-07-00055],[@B139-pathogens-07-00055],[@B140-pathogens-07-00055],[@B141-pathogens-07-00055],[@B142-pathogens-07-00055],[@B143-pathogens-07-00055],[@B144-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"When designing CD8 T cell-based vaccines against listeriosis, it is important to keep it in mind that non-secreted antigens may not be relevant targets.",
"\n\nEffective control of *Lm* infection by memory CD8 T cells in the organ where *Lm* invades may prevent further disseminating infection and limit more serious disease. *",
"Lm* first invades the spleen or liver after i.v. ",
"infection and the intestine after oral infection. ",
"These organs contain distinct memory CD8 T cells with unique phenotypes, migratory properties, maintenance requirements, and functions \\[[@B107-pathogens-07-00055],[@B114-pathogens-07-00055],[@B145-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"Generally, memory CD8 T cells in the intestine express CD69 and some of them also express CD103, both of which are important mediators of tissue residency, while memory CD8 T cells in the spleen lack these markers \\[[@B107-pathogens-07-00055],[@B146-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"Memory CD8 T cells in the spleen can circulate through lymphoid tissues or permissive non-lymphoid tissues dependent on their expression of the lymphoid homing receptor CD62L \\[[@B107-pathogens-07-00055],[@B145-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"Memory CD8 T cells in the spleen but not intestine express CD122, IL-15 receptor beta, indicating distinct requirements of IL-15 for their maintenance \\[[@B107-pathogens-07-00055],[@B145-pathogens-07-00055],[@B147-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"Moreover, memory CD8 T cells in the intestine express higher granzyme B but lower IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-2 compared to memory CD8 T cells in the spleen \\[[@B107-pathogens-07-00055],[@B145-pathogens-07-00055]\\], suggesting functional tailoring to the unique tissue environment that may influence their contribution to protective immunity. ",
"These phenotypic and functional characteristics seem to be intrinsic to organ-specific environments, as CD8 T cells derived from a single naïve cell acquire different phenotypes when they enter the spleen or intestine \\[[@B75-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"However, the route of infection greatly impacts organ-specific memory CD8 T cell responses. ",
"Memory CD8 T cells are enriched in the spleen after i.v. *",
"Lm* infection while they are enriched in the intestine after oral infection (our unpublished data). ",
"CD8 T~RM~ cells provide superior protection against pathogens invading the barrier tissues such as skin, female reproductive tract and lung \\[[@B94-pathogens-07-00055],[@B95-pathogens-07-00055],[@B97-pathogens-07-00055],[@B148-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"Based on this evidence, it is plausible that memory CD8 T cells generated by oral *Lm* infection provides superior protection against *Lm* invading the intestine through contaminated food as more CD8 T~RM~ cells would be prepositioned at the location of invasion. ",
"Vice versa, it is likely that memory CD8 T cells generated by i.v. *",
"Lm* infection can protect better against *Lm* invading the spleen as more memory CD8 T cells would be positioned in the spleen. ",
"Whether this same strategy would protect a fetus or neonate is unclear as the route of exposure and even the mediator of fetal resorption is less defined. ",
"For example, fetal exposure may occur through direct invasion of extracellular *Lm* via interaction with placental accessible Ecad \\[[@B149-pathogens-07-00055]\\] or via a trojan horse model where intracellular carriage by circulating immune cells mediates fetal exposure. ",
"Intriguingly, a recent study of pregnant mice indicated that CD8 T cells are required for *Lm*-induced fetal resorption \\[[@B150-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"Depletion of CD8 T cells, neutralization of T cell-derived IFN-γ, or blockade of decidual CD8 T cell accumulation protected against fetal wastage \\[[@B150-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"Thus, strategies aimed at preventing *Lm* invasion in the intestines may be the best approach to limit fetal and neonatal complications associated with *Lm* infection during pregnancy. ",
"Nevertheless, organ-specific CD8 T cell responses likely shape organ-specific protective immunity. ",
"When designing vaccines against listeriosis or other infections and malignancies, it is important to consider the potential benefits of organ-specific immunity.",
"\n\n8. ",
"Non-Classical H2-M3-Restricited CD8 T Cell Response {#sec8-pathogens-07-00055}\n======================================================\n\nAlthough most studies focus on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class Ia (H2-K)-restricted CD8^+^ T cells, another population of CD8^+^ T cells that recognizes secreted bacterial-derived N-formylated peptides presented by the nonclassical MHC class Ib molecule H2-M3 responds to *Lm* infection and distinctly contributes to anti-*Lm* immunity \\[[@B151-pathogens-07-00055],[@B152-pathogens-07-00055],[@B153-pathogens-07-00055],[@B154-pathogens-07-00055],[@B155-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"Despite the limited polymorphism of H2-M3 molecules, several distinct *Lm*-derived peptides containing N-formyl-methionine have been shown to induce CD8^+^ T cell responses \\[[@B153-pathogens-07-00055],[@B154-pathogens-07-00055],[@B155-pathogens-07-00055]\\], with fMIGWII being the major immunodominant epitope during *Lm* infection \\[[@B156-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"H2-M3-restricted CD8^+^ T cells express promiscuous antigen receptors which enable them to broadly recognize N-formylated peptides produced by *Lm* \\[[@B157-pathogens-07-00055],[@B158-pathogens-07-00055],[@B159-pathogens-07-00055]\\].",
"\n\nI.v. *",
"Lm* infection results in the generation of both H2-K- and H2-M3-restricted CD8^+^ T cells; however, these populations differ in their expansion kinetics and memory potential. ",
"H2-M3-restricted T cells rapidly and robustly expand in the spleen of infected animals, peaking 2 to 3 days before and outnumbering *Lm*-specific H2-K-restricted CD8^+^ T cells during primary infection \\[[@B156-pathogens-07-00055],[@B160-pathogens-07-00055],[@B161-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"H2-M3-restricted CD8 T cells were functional, displayed high cytotoxic activity and secreted high levels of IFN-γ \\[[@B161-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"Correspondingly, H2-M3-restricted CD8 T cells contribute to protection early during primary *Lm* infection, at a time when *Lm*-specific H2-K-restricted CD8^+^ T cells have not substantially expanded \\[[@B162-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"Although both CD8 T cell populations establish phenotypically similar memory populations and express activation markers upon secondary exposure to *Lm* \\[[@B163-pathogens-07-00055]\\], only H2-K-restricted memory CD8 T cells dramatically expanded after reinfection \\[[@B156-pathogens-07-00055],[@B160-pathogens-07-00055],[@B161-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"However, the impaired recall of H2-M3-resticted CD8 T cells appears to be an indirect consequence of the presence of H2-K-restricted memory CD8 T cells. ",
"Indeed, an *Lm* challenge of mice previously immunized with DCs coated with fMIGWII peptide triggered a vigorous expansion of H2-M3-restricted CD8 T cells \\[[@B164-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"However, in this context, H2-M3-restricted memory CD8 T cells were incapable of providing protective immunity to *Lm* challenge infection \\[[@B164-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"Thus, H2-M3-restricted CD8 T cells form a distinct non-classical CD8 T cell population, whose primarily role is to provide protection early during primary infection enabling sufficient time for the induction of long-term protective H2-K-restricted CD8 T cells. ",
"Whether H2-M3-restricted CD8 T cells are induced after oral *Lm* infection has not been studied.",
"\n\n9. *",
"Lm* as a Vaccine Vector for Cancer Immunotherapy {#sec9-pathogens-07-00055}\n====================================================\n\n*Lm* has gained prominence as a potential vaccine vector for cancer immunotherapy for several reasons \\[[@B165-pathogens-07-00055],[@B166-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"First, *Lm* displays tumor-homing properties and specifically establishes tropism in primary and metastatic tumors that may result in direct killing of tumor cells \\[[@B166-pathogens-07-00055],[@B167-pathogens-07-00055],[@B168-pathogens-07-00055],[@B169-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"Second, *Lm* induces a strong innate inflammatory immune response that is key to the induction of potent adaptive immunity and the efficacy of *Lm* as a cancer vaccine vector \\[[@B11-pathogens-07-00055],[@B165-pathogens-07-00055],[@B166-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"Third, *Lm* elicits robust CD8 T cell responses. *",
"Lm* is able to escape the phagolysosome to gain access to the cytosol of professional antigen-presenting cells where it secretes antigens into the cytosol that are rapidly degraded and efficiently delivered to the MHC class I pathway to activate CD8 T cells \\[[@B170-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"Moreover, recent studies suggested that *Lm*-derived antigens are processed and presented with greater efficiency compared to endogenously synthesized viral antigens \\[[@B171-pathogens-07-00055]\\], further supporting the use of *Lm* as a vaccine vector to induce potent CD8 T cell responses. ",
"Fourth, *Lm*-elicited CD8 T cells can overcome tolerance to tumor-associated antigens \\[[@B172-pathogens-07-00055],[@B173-pathogens-07-00055]\\], providing the rationale for using *Lm* as a vaccine vector for cancer immunotherapy. ",
"Fifth, *Lm*-based cancer vaccines have been shown to reduce the number and the suppressive activity of regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the tumor microenvironment \\[[@B174-pathogens-07-00055],[@B175-pathogens-07-00055],[@B176-pathogens-07-00055],[@B177-pathogens-07-00055]\\], adding another layer of efficacy for *Lm*-based cancer vaccines. ",
"Sixth, *Lm* vaccines may be repeatedly administered to increase efficacy as antibodies do not appear sufficient to prevent boosting \\[[@B9-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"Finally, *Lm* is relatively easy to manipulate and a variety of attenuated strains have been created, lessening safety concerns of *Lm*-based therapeutics \\[[@B165-pathogens-07-00055],[@B166-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"Overall, the above features make *Lm* one of the most promising vaccine vectors for cancer immunotherapy and may also engender *Lm*-based vaccines to pathogens that have proven difficult to immunize against, such as HIV \\[[@B178-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"Indeed, pre-clinical studies have proven the efficacy of *Lm* to induce powerful anti-tumoral immunity against a broad range of tumor specific antigens \\[[@B166-pathogens-07-00055],[@B179-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. *",
"Lm*-based cancer vaccines are now undergoing clinical trials for several cancers including pancreatic cancer, cervical cancer, osteosarcoma, colorectal cancer, prostate cancer, lung cancer, and more \\[[@B166-pathogens-07-00055],[@B179-pathogens-07-00055],[@B180-pathogens-07-00055],[@B181-pathogens-07-00055],[@B182-pathogens-07-00055],[@B183-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"However, most of the pre-clinical studies and clinical trials have used i.v. ",
"delivery for *Lm*-based cancer vaccines as our understanding of *Lm*-induced immunity has been mainly derived from i.v. ",
"infection of mice and questions of whether highly attenuated *Lm* vaccines can be efficacious when administered orally. ",
"Oral infection using mouse-adapted *Lm* demonstrated that resident memory CD8 T cells rapidly accumulated in the intestinal mucosa and contributed to protection of a challenge infection \\[[@B48-pathogens-07-00055]\\]. ",
"Future studies are warranted to investigate the impact of infection route on CD8 T cell responses in different tissues that could lead to more efficacious vaccine delivery modalities tailored to tumor location. ",
"For example, an oral vaccine system may be better suited for protection against tumors that require memory populations residing in gastrointestinal tissues for protection as would be the case for pancreatic, small bowel, or colorectal cancers. ",
"On the other hand, i.v. ",
"immunization may be better utilized for widely distributed cancers or cancers that have metastasized. ",
"Even more intriguing is the notion that *Lm* can be repeatedly administered to boost immune function and this boosting can utilize distinct routes of immunization to tailor the targeting of the immune response as appropriate.",
"\n\n10. ",
"Conclusions {#sec10-pathogens-07-00055}\n===============\n\n*Lm* is a widely utilized pathogen to study T cell biology due to its ability to induce a potent CD8 T cell response and the availability of immunological tools developed in the past decades. ",
"Thus, this pathogen has contributed extensively to our general understanding of T cell biology during an immune response. ",
"As *Lm* induces potent CD8 T cell responses and CD8 tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes play a critical role in mediating anti-tumoral immunity \\[[@B184-pathogens-07-00055],[@B185-pathogens-07-00055],[@B186-pathogens-07-00055]\\], *Lm* has become a promising cancer vaccine vector. ",
"Dissecting each phase of the CD8 T cell response to *Lm* infection will broaden our understanding of T cell biology in general and contribute to rational vaccine designs. ",
"Future studies to understand how the immunization route regulates organ-specific CD8 T cell responses and how these organ-specific CD8 T cell responses may contribute to enhanced protective immunity may further improve T cell-based vaccine development.",
"\n\nWriting---Original Draft Preparation, Z.Q.; Writing---Review and Editing, Z.Q., C.K. and B.S.S.\n\nThis research was funded by the National Institutes of Health grant numbers R01 AI076457 (B.S.S.), R21 AI137929 (B.S.S.), K12 GM102778 (Z.Q.), and funds provided by Stony Brook University.",
"\n\nThe authors declare no conflict of interest.",
"\n\nActA---actin assembly-inducing protein; Batf3---basic leucine zipper ATF-like transcription factor 3; CCR---C-C motif chemokine receptor; CX~3~CR1---C-X~3~-C motif chemokine receptor 1; DC---dendritic cells; dpi---days post infection; Ecad---E-cadherin; EEC---early effector cells; HK*Lm*---heat-killed *Lm*; IFN---interferon; IL---interleukin; InlA---internalin A; IRF---interferon regulatory factor; i.v.---intravenous; KLRG-1---killer cell lectin-like receptor G1; LLO---listeriolysin O; *Lm*---*Listeria monocytogenes*; LP---lamina propria; MARCO---macrophage receptor with collagenous structure; MMM---marginal metallophilic macrophages; MLN---mesenteric lymph nodes; MP---mononuclear phagocytes; MPEC---memory precursor effector cells; MZM---marginal zone macrophages; NK---natural killer; SLEC---short-lived effector cells; TCR---T cell receptor; T~CM~---central memory T; T~EM~---effector memory T; Th---T helper; TGF-β---transforming growth factor β; TNF---tumor necrosis factor; T~RM~---resident memory T; VSV---vesicular stomatitis virus.",
"\n\n{#pathogens-07-00055-f001}\n"
] | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} | [
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"Cerebrovascular protection of β-asarone in Alzheimer's disease rats: a behavioral, cerebral blood flow, biochemical and genic study.",
"\nRecent studies have suggested that β-asarone have neuroprotective and cardiovascular protective effects in animal model. ",
"However, the influence of β-asarone on cerebrovascular system has not been explored so far. ",
"Therefore, present study was designed to determine whether repeated exposures to β-asarone resulted in positive effects on cerebrovascular function in AD rats. ",
"Alzheimer's disease induced rats was established by injecting both D-galactose (D-gal) and aluminum chloride (AlCl(3)) into abdominal cavity for 42 days. ",
"After injection of AlCl(3) and D-gal or saline for 28 days, the rats were treated with volume-matched vehicle or β-asarone (25mg/kg, 50mg/kg or 100mg/kg, i.h.) ",
"or Nimodipine (40mg/kg, i.g) once daily for consecutive 14 days, respectively. ",
"Behavioral responses of animals were assessed in a Morris water maze. ",
"CBF was measured by laser Doppler flowmetry. ",
"At the end of this period all rats were sacrificed, lactic acid, pyruvic acid content, Na+K+ATPase activity were determined in brain tissue homogenate to estimate the brain biochemical changes and mRNA expression of ET-1, eNOS and APP was measured with real-time RT-PCR method. ",
"The spatial navigation task latencies, the times through platform zone and the time for the first through platform zone in the target quadrant in probe task, rCBF of right parietal lobe, the contents of lactic acid, pyruvic acid, and the activity of Na-K-ATP of cortex, and ET-1 and eNOS mRNA expression in hippocampus of AG rats were different from those of BG, P<0.05; The level of APP mRNA expression in model control group rats was higher than that in BG, though there was not a statistically significant difference, P>0.05; Compared with AG, HG rats spatial navigation task latencies were shorter, in probe task the times through platform zone in the target quadrant were bigger, rCBF and blood cell concentration of right parietal lobe were higher, the contents of pyruvic acid was lower, the activity of Na-K-ATP was higher, and ET-1 mRNA expression in hippocampus was lower, P<0.05; The level of eNOS and APP mRNA expression in HG rats was lower than that in AG, though there was not a statistically significant difference, P>0.05; The present results suggested that β-asarone may be useful in memory impairment due to its cerebrovascular protection in AD rats and may develop as a therapeutic drug for treatment of AD patients."
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"Q:\n\nWhen was the last time the Catholic Church excommunicated a government official for political reasons?",
"\n\nThe Roman Catholic Church has a long history of excommunicating people.",
"\nThese days it is mostly constrained to excommunicating bishops who break with doctrine.",
"\nThe Pope regularly sends letters to political figures touching on political matters. (",
"Russian President, Australian Prime-minister, UN Secretary General). ",
"How long has it been since the Church \"threw its weight around\" and actually excommunicated someone, because of what they wanted to happen, in terms of national policy?",
"\nI'm looking for the most recent case of the Roman Catholic Church excommunicating a politician or government (eg a head of state/government, a chief bureaucrat), as part of \"Meddling in national politics\".",
"\nI'm only interested in the excommunication of clergymen, if they were both government officials (outside of the Holy See), and the political reason was related to national politics (Eg declaring war on another country).",
"\nWith the explicit exclusion of excommunicating someone who practiced outright warfare against the Church, or the Holy See.",
"\nThis should also implicitly exclude Automatic Excommunication.",
"\nAlso excluding anyone that had the excommunication revoked/reversed, shortly after. ",
"If the excommunication wasn't revoked til over a decade later than that would be applicable (though I'ld expect an answer to mark as such).",
"\nBest I can find is King James IV of Scotland in 1513 (by Pope Leo X) for breaking the Treaty of Perpetual Peace.",
"\nHowever, is not entirely clear to me as to if this was done for political reasons, or if it was done for religious reasons -- he violated a sworn oath before God.",
"\n\nA:\n\nI don't know if this is exactly what you're looking for but I'll throw it out. ",
"There's a wikipedia article of Catholic excommunications. ",
"Most recent ones are over abortion like this one in 2012 where apparently Catholic lawmakers in Uruguay were excommunicated for giving a yes vote towards legalizing abortion. ",
"This is contested and Catholic officials clarified that there was this sort of blanket excommunication on people carrying out abortions and it wasn't applied to lawmakers for voting yes. ",
"So conflicting reports here on whether or not they were actually excommunicated and for what reason but I think it would qualify as a political one if it actually happened (it was reported on by a couple newspapers).",
"\nI might have to agree with Mark Wallace in the comments however because it's difficult to separate religion and politics in this case. ",
"Anything the pope does is inherently tinged with religion and any sort of documentation on the excommunication will couch it with explicitly religious reasons.",
"\nThe other one that seemed to fit your criteria was the alleged excommunication of Fidel Castro for being part of the Communist Party. ",
"I attempted to follow some newspaper links and articles but I couldn't find one that really summed things up nicely, lots of dead links. ",
"But it is also contested that there was a personal excommunication of Fidel Castro. ",
"\nIt's definitely a tool that has fallen by the wayside and only seemed effective as a political tool when the Pope was at the height of his power. ",
"For example Napoleon was excommunicated but it doesn't seem to have stopped him from acting against Pope Pius VII. ",
"A far cry from when other emperors were laid low by the Pope exercising his power.",
"\n\n"
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"Roy Henry\n\nRoy Henry (\"King\" Henry) (fl. ",
"around 1410) was an English composer, almost certainly a king of England: probably Henry V, but also possibly Henry IV. ",
" His music, two compositions in all, appears in a position of prominence in the Old Hall Manuscript.",
"\n\nMusicologists have not been able to agree on which English monarch wrote the two mass movements which appear, at the head of their respective sections, in the Old Hall Manuscript. ",
" Henry IV, who reigned from 1399 to 1413, was in his early forties when the music was most likely written, since stylistic evidence places it around 1410. ",
"However, by 1410 Henry IV was suffering from a disfiguring disease and struggling to maintain his regal power. ",
"Therefore, it is unlikely that he, albeit a talented musician,<ref>Ian Mortimer, The Fears of Henry IV</ref> could be the composer of the two pieces. ",
"Whereas Henry V, despite being extremely 'busy on campaigns' after his succession, was recorded to never have ceased in his fondness for music. ",
"In 1420 the Pell Rolls recorded payments for two new harps to be shipped to the King in France. ",
"And the King even went so far as to take his chapel to the Agincourt campaign. ",
"This, as well as being substantial evidence for his piety, suggests that the latter is the composer.",
"\n\nHenry V, who reigned from 1413 to 1422, was known to have cultivated music in his youth. ",
"Payment for a harp along with 'swords and books on Latin verses' for the young lord Henry was recorded when he was merely six years old. ",
" An early biography of Henry V states:\n\n…he was in his youth a diligent follower of idle practices, much given to instruments of music, and fired with the torches of Venus herself.",
"\nRecent research has shown that work on the Old Hall Manuscript probably ceased on the death of Thomas, Duke of Clarence, in 1421. ",
"And the last piece of music in the Manuscript was doubtlessly written for the wedding of Henry and Catherine. ",
" Since Thomas was King Henry V's brother, and his chapel's musicians are now known to have included Leonel Power, and the manuscript itself passed to Henry V's chapel on the death of Thomas, and the composers included some members of the King's Royal Chapel, most notably John Dunstable. ",
"Obviously the manuscript could not have been passed to the long-dead Henry IV at this time, yet this is not a conclusive argument. ",
"But it is worth noting that Henry V's extraordinary piety - outdoing even his father in matters of religion - is consistent with the composition of sacred music, and we can be sure of his musical education. ",
"It is impossible to say for certain which man was the composer without further evidence.",
"\n\nRoy Henry's music consists of two movements of the ordinary of the mass: a Gloria and a Sanctus, both for three voices, and written in a fairly low register. ",
" The music itself is skillfully written, and unusually for the time, no specific plainchant can be identified as a source; both pieces may be freely composed, or the underlying chant may be part of the enormous lost repertory of music from the early 15th century, hence unidentifiable (the vast majority of manuscripts of the time were destroyed in the 1530s during Henry VIII's Dissolution of the Monasteries).",
"\n\nReferences\n\n Margaret Bent: \"Roy Henry\", \"Old Hall Manuscript\", Grove Music Online ed. ",
"L. Macy (Accessed July 6, 2005), (subscription access)\n Margaret Bent, \"The Progeny of Old Hall: More Leaves from a Royal English Choirbook\", Gordon Athol Anderson (1929–1981) in memoriam, ed. ",
"L.A. Dittmer (Henryville, PA, 1984), 1–54\n Ian Mortimer, The Fears of Henry IV (Jonathan Cape, 2007)\n Ian Mortimer, 1415: Henry V's Year of Glory'' (Bodley Head, 2009)\n\nCategory:15th-century English composers\nCategory:English male classical composers"
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"1. ",
"Field of the Invention\nThe present invention relates to a recording/reproducing apparatus and a recording/reproducing method for recording data onto a magnetic recording medium and reproducing the recorded data therefrom.",
"\n2. ",
"Description of the Related Art\nSo-called streaming tape drives are known as drive apparatuses capable of recording/reproducing digital data onto/from magnetic tapes. ",
"Although it depends on a tape length of a tape cassette as a medium, such streaming tape drives can be provided with an enormous recording capacity of, for example, about several ten to several hundred gigabytes. ",
"Therefore, the streaming tape drives are widely used for backing up data recorded on media such as a hard disk of a computer main body, for example. ",
"Moreover, the streaming tape drives are suited for use in saving image data and the like having a large data size.",
"\nIn such streaming tape drives, high-density recordings are enabled by carrying out a recording/reproducing scan by a helical scanning method using a magnetic head on a rotary drum, while running a tape in a state where the magnetic tape is wound around the rotary drum at a predetermined lap angle and rotating the rotary drum. ",
"Thus, as is well known already, data is recorded on the magnetic tape such that tracks each formed to have a predetermined tilt angle with respect to a longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape are formed continuously.",
"\nMoreover, in the streaming tape drives, an operation called read-after-write is carried out during recording, and whether data has been recorded onto the magnetic tape normally is monitored in block units. ",
"For example, immediately after data is written to the magnetic tape, the written data is read and compared with original data, and if the original data and the read data do not match, it is judged as a write failure, and rewrite that involves redoing the writing is then carried out. ",
"Accordingly, data can be recorded onto the recording medium while avoiding partial deficient parts (see, Japanese Patent No. ",
"3829741)."
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"Kosher Press In Your Inbox\n\nRepublican governors court Jewish donors in Las Vegas\n\nMarch 30, 2014\n\nTwo of the highest-profile Republican governors on Saturday called for more aggressive leadership on America’s challenges abroad, emphasizing their support for Israel as they courted powerful Jewish donors.",
"\n\nNew Jersey Gov. Chris Christie and Wisconsin Gov. Scott Walker, both considering presidential bids, addressed the Republican Jewish Coalition’s annual spring gathering at the Sheldon Adelson-owned Venetian resort casino. “",
"We cannot have a world where our friends are unsure of whether we will be with them and our enemies are unsure of whether we will be against them,” Christie said. (",
"AP)"
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"Bikram Yoga Founder Accused of Sexual Assaults\n\nSarah Baughn, a young mother in San Francisco, feels haunted by what she says happened to her. ",
"So much so she says she can barely bring herself to do the thing she loves most. ",
"Practicing yoga.",
"\n\n“My daughter one day looked at me, she was almost three, and she said to me, ‘Mommy, I wanna be just like you. ",
"I wanna be a yoga teacher,’” said Baughn. “",
"And all I could think was, ‘You can't do that. ",
"You'll get raped.’\"",
"\n\nThis is the man she accuses of assaulting her: Bikram Choudhury. ",
"He’s arguably the richest, most successful yoga guru in the world. ",
"In the yoga world, he's a rock star. ",
"Known by just one name. ",
"Bikram.",
"\n\nHis brand of hot yoga is synonymous with sweat. ",
"And Bikram claims it can transform your body, extend your life and even invigorate your sex life.",
"\n\n“The hardest problem in my life is staying away from women,” said Bikram in an interview with Nightline. “",
"Women like me and I have to run, city after city, country after country all my life to stay away from the women. ",
"Yes, that's my No. ",
"1 problem all my life.”",
"\n\nThat was a year and a half ago, when Nightline started reporting on Bikram. ",
"Already then there were rumors about inappropriate contact with students. ",
"But since then, five women have filed civil lawsuits accusing Bikram of sexual assault. ",
"Four of the women accuse him of rape. ",
"Baughn was the first to come forward.",
"\n\n“He absolutely chases women, he victimizes women,” said Baughn. “",
"And someone can look him in the eye and say ‘no’ and it doesn't matter.”",
"\n\nShe was 20 when she dropped out of college to attend Bikram's teacher training program. ",
"The grueling nine-week seminar, led by Bikram himself, costs thousands of dollars and is the only way to become a Bikram yoga teacher. ",
"Meeting Bikram for the first time, Baughn says she was full of hope. ",
"She told him yoga had changed her life.",
"\n\nShe says Bikram took an immediate interest. ",
"Later, she says, Bikram told her privately that they should start a relationship. ",
"Shaken and upset, she says she rebuffed him and reported the incident to a teacher training staffer. ",
"But she says Bikram persisted with unwanted advances during classes.",
"\n\nTo outsiders, the training can seem unorthodox. ",
"Students almost naked and dripping with sweat are cheered on by Bikram's sexually charged banter. ",
"The women Nightline spoke to all say after the yoga the students all watch Bollywood movies together into the wee hours of the morning. ",
"And some of the students massage Bikram.",
"\n\nLarissa Anderson says she was part of Bikram's inner circle, one of a select few teachers to become part of Bikram's entourage.",
"\n\n“The young women who want to believe in something so badly, he sees it,” said Anderson. “",
"And those are the people that he targets because they're vulnerable.”",
"\n\nAnderson says she was vulnerable when she came to Bikram. ",
"Recovering from drug addiction, yoga, she says, was her path to a healthier life. ",
"She says all that changed late one night at Bikram's Beverly Hills mansion.",
"\n\n“He raped me,” said Anderson.",
"\n\nChoudhury and his legal team declined to be interviewed for this story.",
"\n\nBut his legal team provided ABC News with a statement. ",
"It said, in part, they “strongly dispute the allegations and intend to vindicate themselves in court,” adding “they do not intend to try this case in the media.”",
"\n\nThe district attorney has declined to bring any criminal charges against Bikram. ",
"All of the current cases are in civil court."
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"natural clothing\n\nYou are here: Home / 2007 / Archives for July 2007Archives for July 2007Don't Be A Tosser July 11, 2007 By Jenn Savedge 1 Comment I know as well as any other parent that paper towels and other disposable cleaning wipes are darned handy when it comes to cle...\n\nYou are here: Home / Archives for recycleRaise Money For Your Favorite School or Charity with this Eco-Friendly Fundraiser April 3, 2008 By Jenn Savedge 12 Comments With a motto of \"Turning Garbage Into Gold,\" New Jersey-based TerraCycle is making ...\n\nYou are here: Home / Archives for Jenn SavedgeUp At Dawn? ",
"June 25, 2007 By Jenn Savedge Leave a Comment Water plants first thing in the morning. ",
"The cooler temperatures will prevent water from evaporating too quickly and watering at dawn rather than dusk h...\n\nYou are here: Home / Green Home / Cleaning / Don't Be A TosserDon't Be A Tosser July 11, 2007 By Jenn Savedge 1 Comment I know as well as any other parent that paper towels and other disposable cleaning wipes are darned handy when it comes to cleaning up f...\n\nYou are here: Home / Archives for cleaning wipesDon't Be A Tosser July 11, 2007 By Jenn Savedge 1 Comment I know as well as any other parent that paper towels and other disposable cleaning wipes are darned handy when it comes to cleaning up fast. ",
"But it’...\n\nYou are here: Home / Archives for paper towelsDon't Be A Tosser July 11, 2007 By Jenn Savedge 1 Comment I know as well as any other parent that paper towels and other disposable cleaning wipes are darned handy when it comes to cleaning up fast. ",
"But it’s ...\n\nYou are here: Home / Archives for reusable clothDon't Be A Tosser July 11, 2007 By Jenn Savedge 1 Comment I know as well as any other parent that paper towels and other disposable cleaning wipes are darned handy when it comes to cleaning up fast. ",
"But it’...\n\nScroll To Top Home Eco Tips Green Actions How to Help During Coronavirus Pandemic: Buy Fair Trade Clothing How to Help During Coronavirus Pandemic: Buy Fair Trade Craft Supplies Choose a Sustainable L...\n\nWorks for Me Wednesday: Finding Diaper-Friendly, Earth-Friendly Detergent Apr 2 Posted by joy 1 Comment April 2, 2008 Posted by joy 1 Comment I remember the day we made our first eco-friendly Trader Joe’s detergent purchase. ",
"We loved the smell of our fre..."
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"2014–15 Cagliari Calcio season\n\nThe 2014–15 season is Cagliari Calcio's 12th consecutive season in Serie A. The team is competing in Serie A and the Coppa Italia.",
"\n\nPlayers\n\nSquad information\n\nCompetitions\n\nSerie A\n\nLeague table\n\nResults summary\n\nResults by round\n\nMatches\n\nCoppa Italia\n\nStatistics\n\nAppearances and goals\n\n|-\n! ",
"colspan=\"10\" style=\"background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center\"| Goalkeepers\n\n|-\n! ",
"colspan=\"10\" style=\"background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center\"| Defenders\n\n|-\n! ",
"colspan=\"10\" style=\"background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center\"| Midfielders\n\n|-\n! ",
"colspan=\"10\" style=\"background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center\"| Forwards\n\nReferences\n\nCategory:Cagliari Calcio seasons\nCagliari"
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"Straż, Podlaskie Voivodeship\n\nStraż is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sokółka, within Sokółka County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland, close to the border with Belarus. ",
"It lies approximately south-west of Sokółka and north-east of the regional capital Białystok.",
"\n\nReferences\n\nCategory:Villages in Sokółka County"
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"1. ",
"Field of the Invention\nThe present invention relates to power compensation in transmitters and, more particularly, to attenuation and frequency compensation in a radio frequency transmitter in a cellular network.",
"\n2. ",
"Description of Related Art\nIn radio frequency transmitters, the power of the output signal may vary due to filtering ripple and uncertainties in internal attenuators. ",
"In order to compensate for these power variations, external variable attenuators may be provided. ",
"However, these attenuators can only provide a coarse adjustment that is inadequate to compensate for power variations. ",
"An analog attenuator with a digital to analog convertor connected to the input of the transmitter may also be provided. ",
"Although this allows for a slightly finer adjustment, it adds complexity to the system and increases the expense due to the extra components. ",
"A closed loop could also be implemented to provide power adjustment but this would also be expensive and would not provide adequate compensation over a large dynamic range.",
"\nTherefore, there remains a need for a method and apparatus for compensating for output power variations in a transmitter without increasing cost or adding additional components."
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"Field of the Invention\nThis invention relates generally to architectural transparencies and, more particularly, to tempered and non-tempered coated glass substrates (temperable and non-temperable coatings) having similar optical characteristics.",
"\nTechnical Considerations\nAs will be appreciated by one skilled in the architectural art, glass is used typically in either a tempered form or a non-tempered (annealed) form, depending upon the desired final use of the glass, For annealed glass, the glass is heated to the annealing point of the glass and then allowed to slowly cool to below the strain point of the glass. ",
"The annealed glass can be cut to desired final dimensions, such as for a door, window, and the like. ",
"For even stronger glass, tempering is used. ",
"In tempering, glass is heated above the annealing point of the glass and then rapidly cooled, such as by directing a cooling medium at the glass, to provide the glass with an exterior compressive force and an interior tensile force. ",
"Tempered glass is much stronger than annealed glass and is used where safety is an important factor. ",
"However, unlike annealed glass, tempered glass cannot be cut or it will shatter. ",
"Therefore, where tempered glass is desired, the glass must be cut to the desired final dimensions before tempering.",
"\nSolar control coatings are known in the field of architectural transparencies. ",
"Solar control coatings block or filter selected ranges of electromagnetic radiation, such as in the solar infrared or solar ultraviolet ranges, to reduce the amount of solar energy entering the building. ",
"This reduction of solar energy transmittance helps reduce the load on the cooling units of the building. ",
"In some architectural applications, it may be desirable to have a reflective outer surface so as to decrease visibility into the building to retain as much privacy as possible, while still allowing visible light to enter the building and also allowing the workers inside the building to see out.",
"\nA conventional building may require both annealed (non-tempered) and tempered glass pieces with solar control coatings. ",
"For example, annealed glass with a solar control coating may be used on the lower floors while tempered glass with a solar control coating is used on the upper floors for increased safety. ",
"Both the coated annealed glass and the coated tempered glass should have the same or very similar optical characteristics so that the building maintains the same overall aesthetic appearance. ",
"This causes a problem for coated glass manufacturers.",
"\nMost glass manufacturers sell large sheets of coated annealed glass to glass suppliers. ",
"The suppliers cut the glass sheets to desired dimensions, such as for doors, windows, etc., ",
"and sell the cut glass to a customer. ",
"However, for tempered glass orders, the glass suppliers must cut the coated annealed large glass sheet to smaller pieces of a desired final dimension and then temper the smaller coated glass pieces (i.e. subjecting the coating to additional heating and rapid cooling steps). ",
"Tempering the coated glass pieces can result in the tempered products having different color or optical characteristics than the original annealed products due to changes in the coating caused by the extra heating and rapid cooling steps required to temper the glass. ",
"This difference in color or other optical properties, such as transmittance or reflectance, between the coated tempered glass and the coated annealed glass is not desirable if the annealed and tempered products are to be used in the same building. ",
"Also, the coating on the tempered product may become hazy due to the high temperatures and rapid cooling required for the tempering process. ",
"This haze is aesthetically undesirable.",
"\nIt would be desirable for glass manufacturers to provide glass suppliers with at least two types of coated (annealed) glass sheets, one that could be cut and sold as is for annealed applications (i.e. having a non-temperable coating) and another that could be cut into smaller pieces and then subsequently tempered (temperable coating) but which, after tempering, has the same or substantially the same aesthetic and optical characteristics as the non-tempered glass so that the two types of coated glass could be used in the same building."
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"The invention relates to pattern matching.",
"\nOne type of pattern matcher checks to see if a sequence of symbols (e.g., represented by data items such as bytes) matches any of a set of predetermined patterns. ",
"Pattern matching can be used for virus scanning, network intrusion detection, spam filtering and countless other operations whose computing demands increase with increase in Internet traffic. ",
"Matching patterns against a high-bandwidth data stream, such as a 10 gigabit per second Ethernet connection, can be challenging because the high data rate yields relatively few CPU cycles per input byte to examine the data. ",
"Complex patterns such as regular expressions can put more demand on the pattern matcher.",
"\nSome techniques to match patterns efficiently use pattern-matching finite state machines (PFSMs). ",
"A PFSM has associated states, and an input may transition the PFSM from a current state to another state, or an input may cause the PFSM to remain in the current state. ",
"Each portion of an input data stream can be considered an input that may potentially cause a transition between PFSM states.",
"\nA set of patterns can be compiled offline into one or more PFSMs that are fed portions (e.g., bytes or characters) of a data stream (in some cases, in real time) and report matches as they occur. ",
"In principle, any number of patterns can be combined into a single PFSM that uses a given number of cycles of processing time per input byte on average. ",
"Unfortunately, the memory size of a representation of this type of PFSM can grow exponentially with the number of patterns it is trying to match. ",
"Even though main memory sizes can be large, memory constraints may still be a factor since PFSM performance can be increased dramatically when its representation is able to fit in a processor's memory cache."
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"Ikki (given name)\n\nIkki (written: 一輝, 一樹 or 一騎) is a masculine Japanese given name. ",
"Notable people with the name include:\n\n, Japanese writer and film producer\n, Japanese intellectual\n, Japanese footballer\n, Japanese model and actor\n, Japanese baseball player\n\nFictional characters\nIkki, a character from the animated television series The Legend of Korra\n, protagonist of the light novel series Chivalry of a Failed Knight\nPhoenix Ikki, a character in the manga series Saint Seiya\n, a character in the Medabots franchise\n\nCategory:Japanese masculine given names"
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"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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"Radiological assessment of type II Stafne idiopathic bone cyst in a patient undergoing implant therapy: a case report.",
"\nThis paper is intended to describe the confirmative role of radiology in the diagnosis of Stafne Idiopathic bone Cyst (SIBC) without the need for histopathology especially when dental implants are considered so as to avoid unnecessary invasive surgical exploration of this benign pathology. ",
"Other pathologies may present not unlike SIBC and as such it is mandatory to rule out such possibilities especially prior to dental implant therapy. ",
"The use of orthopanthomogram and non-sialographic computed tomography (CT) scan in the reported case together with a review of CT scan confirmatory role in the diagnosis of SIBC from the literature was the basis for this clinical report. ",
"Based on the CTscan findings of the jaw in this case and review of the literature, the implant procedure was commenced without the need of histopathology and/or for invasive surgical exploration of this pathology. ",
"All pathologic lesions of the jawbone seen on the orthopanthomogram should be confirmed prior to commencement of implant procedure even when such pathologies are seen in areas remote from the proposed implant site. ",
"The pre-implant radiological assessment utilizing non-sialographic CT scan alone is confirmatory of SIBC."
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"1983 1000 km of Nürburgring\n\nThe 1983 1000 km of Nürburgring was an endurance race held at the Nürburgring Nordschleife. ",
"It was Round 3 of the 1983 FIA World Endurance Championship. ",
"The race was the last international race to be held at the Nordschleife until the 2015 FIA WTCC Race of Germany, and the following year, the new GP-Strecke track was completed and all international racing was held on that section of the track. ",
" It was also the race where West German driver Stefan Bellof recorded a then-record 6:11.13 around the track in his factory backed Rothmans Porsche 956, which was unofficially beaten in 2018.",
"\n\nOfficial results\n\nNotes\n Pole position: #2 Rothmans Porsche (Stefan Bellof) - 6:11:13\n Fastest lap: #2 Rothmans Porsche (Stefan Bellof) - 6:25:91\n\nReferences\n\nCategory:6 Hours of Nürburgring\nNuerburgring\nNurburgring"
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[
"In oil reservoirs, the less-dense oil often lies over a layer of water. ",
"When production begins, the oil-water interface rises near the well. ",
"There are many factors, such as the presence of thief zones or high permeability zones, voids, fractures and water coning which lead to an increase in water production. ",
"Similar problems occur with gas production with oil.",
"\nActions by well operators to increase production, such as water flooding, can also lead to undesirable water production. ",
"Water flooding can also lead to inconsistent sweeping actions which require increased water injection and production to recover all significant hydrocarbon pockets.",
"\nAs oil fields in the United States mature, the volumes of produced water requiring disposal have increased significantly. ",
"With numerous older and mature oil fields, the growing problem of water production and stricter environmental regulation of water disposal are forcing oil producers to find ways to eliminate water coning/production and conformance control problems. ",
"It has been estimated that approximately many billion barrels of water are reinjected just in the United States every year. ",
"Any technology that minimizes the amount of water or gas produced in conjunction with the produced oil would have a significant impact on the volume of oil production and on the cost of oil production.",
"\nVarious attempts have been made to prevent or reduce the volume of water produced during hydrocarbon production. ",
"Crosslinked polymer gels and other materials have been strategically injected into the materials surrounding the well. ",
"In U.S. Pat. ",
"No. ",
"5,503,227, fractures are formed using a hydrojetting tool, and settable cementitous materials or hardenable resinous materials in a liquid form are squeezed into the fracture to form a block for gas flow around a well. ",
"However, difficulties in controlling location and consistency of the placement of these materials in fractures effects performance. ",
"Further, these materials tend to be squeezed out of the fracture as the fracture closes. ",
"The inability to inject these materials in a large area, or to keep them in the fracture or to keep the fracture horizontal for a long distance, effects the time such procedures remain effective.",
"\nThus, there are needs for methods and materials for use in inhibiting and controlling the movement of fluids in materials surrounding wellbores."
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"Algal extracellular products suppress Anabaena flos-aquae heterocyst spacing.",
"\nIntra- and interspecific chemical signals allow bacteria to respond to environmental conditions by regulating gene transcription. ",
"In cyanobacteria, gene products and the presence of fixed nitrogen regulate heterocyst frequency. ",
"In this paper, we describe a chemical made by a green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, that suppresses heterocyst formation in the co-occurring cyanobacterium, Anabaena flos-aquae. ",
"Cyanobacterial heterocyst frequencies were reduced in the presence of water-soluble, proteinase- and heat-resistant molecules greater than 15 kDa in molecular size. ",
"Green algal cells in all phases of growth made the suppressor. ",
"Ammonium and nitrate concentrations in the medium did not correlate with this change in phenotype. ",
"In addition, growth rate was not enhanced by the extracellular products. ",
"Therefore, C. reinhardtii extracellular products acted as a heterocyst inhibitor, not as a fixed nitrogen source. ",
"Chemical interactions between green algae and cyanobacteria influence heterocyst formation, an important consideration in understanding the outcome of competition between these organisms and the dynamics of phytoplankton communities."
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"#![",
"deny(missing_docs)]\n\n//! ",
"A Sudoku game.",
"\n\nextern crate piston;\nextern crate glutin_window;\nextern crate graphics;\nextern crate opengl_graphics;\n\nuse piston::window::WindowSettings;\nuse piston::event_loop::{Events, EventLoop, EventSettings};\nuse piston::input::RenderEvent;\nuse glutin_window::GlutinWindow;\nuse opengl_graphics::{OpenGL, Filter, GlGraphics, GlyphCache, TextureSettings};\n\npub use crate::gameboard::Gameboard;\npub use crate::gameboard_controller::GameboardController;\npub use crate::gameboard_view::{GameboardView, GameboardViewSettings};\n\nmod gameboard;\nmod gameboard_controller;\nmod gameboard_view;\n\nfn main() {\n let opengl = OpenGL::V3_2;\n let settings = WindowSettings::new(\"Sudoku\", [512; 2])\n .graphics_api(opengl)\n .exit_on_esc(true);\n let mut window: GlutinWindow = settings.build()\n .expect(\"Could not create window\");\n\n let mut events = Events::new(EventSettings::new().lazy(true));\n let mut gl = GlGraphics::new(opengl);\n\n let gameboard = Gameboard::new();\n let mut gameboard_controller = GameboardController::new(gameboard);\n let gameboard_view_settings = GameboardViewSettings::new();\n let gameboard_view = GameboardView::new(gameboard_view_settings);\n\n let texture_settings = TextureSettings::new().filter(Filter::Nearest);\n let ref mut glyphs = GlyphCache::new(\"assets/FiraSans-Regular.ttf\", (), texture_settings)\n .expect(\"Could not load font\");\n\n while let Some(e) = events.next(&mut window) {\n gameboard_controller.event(gameboard_view.settings.position,\n gameboard_view.settings.size,\n &e);\n if let Some(args) = e.render_args() {\n gl.draw(args.viewport(), |c, g| {\n use graphics::{clear};\n\n clear([1.0; 4], g);\n gameboard_view.draw(&gameboard_controller, glyphs, &c, g);\n });\n }\n }\n}\n"
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[
"For many decades, mankind has understood that when the discourse is as belissimo as a spicy meat-a-ball, there is only one appropriate reaction: the Italian Chef Kiss. ",
"While the stereotype of the mustachio’d Italian chef blowing air kisses out of self-satisfaction is thought to have been around since the mid-20th century, it was only in the past year or so that the hand gesture reached the status of an internet meme, largely in thanks to some of the most iconic-looking Italian chef mascots as seen on TV and canned food packaging, like Swedish Chef of The Muppets and the nameless mascot of the Croatian condiment brand Vegeta.",
"\n\nUnfortunately, up until recently, Apple had failed to recognize this universal expression of appreciation in emoji form. ",
"That changed on August 13th, when designer Jen Lewis unveiled a collection of “Chef’s Kiss” and “Chef’s Diss” stickers available for $0.99 from the Apple store.",
"\n\nThe set features a total of 48 stickers, as both the “Chef’s Kiss” and “Chef’s Diss” sticker sets feature six different colored chefs and four different hats. ",
"After purchasing the set, one clicks the “A” icon, and from there, the kissing may begin. ",
"There hasn’t been any telling sign on whether the stickers will replace the time-honored tradition of typing “Italian Chef Kiss,” but the lazier among us now have a pretty stylish little character to express when that discourse is just right."
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"But the OS didn't impress me to much, they didn't came up with something new or exciting, just ordinary micro kernel.",
"\n\nFirst, plain old microkernel? ",
"Show me a viable microkernel operating system that really functions like a microkernel OS should--with all device drivers in userspace and only the VM service in the kernel. ",
"Sure, MINIX, L4, Mach, Plan9, and others are headed down that path, but none have been successful. ",
"If Singularity really was a true microkernel operating system, that would be impressive.",
"\n\nBut it isn't. ",
"Although Singularity has a really small surface area of trusted code, lots of managed code lives in kernelspace to avoid the overhead of IPC and context switches. ",
"Singularity, believe it or not, is closer is design to a mainframe operating system like IBM's VM. ",
"Isolated processes are nothing new in general, but they are revolutionary on \"new-school\" architectures like x86, PPC, and SPARC. ",
"The classic mainframes in the 1970s and 80s all had isolated processes, although they were at least partially isolated in hardware. ",
"The idea of a strictly software isolated process model might be uncharted territory (not sure).",
"\n\nWhat whould realy be interesting is if they did an OS not in an imperative language, but in functional, e.g. by incoporating MS other R&D project like F#.",
"\n\nI'm sure that's possible in theory, but it wouldn't be easy, and it certainly wouldn't be pretty. ",
"Operating systems are all about side-effects, and functional programming (strictly speaking) doesn't allow them.",
"\n\nC is the language of choice for systems programmers everywhere. ",
"The C language is the greatest triumph of computer science. ",
"It's the wheel, it's fire, it's sliced bread. ",
"As they say, choose the right tool for the right job. ",
"But C will continue to be right for many jobs well after the newer languages fall out of favor."
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"Q:\n\nAvoiding Duplicate entry on the grid\n\nI want to compare a combobox column say bus time. ",
"in the below code. ",
"When Entering the new data, It should compare the previous times and if the same time is there , I want to popup an error as same time exists , how can i be able to achieve this as validate function rather than adding it to the listener.",
"\nBelow Code\nExt.application({\n name: 'Fiddle',\n\n launch: function () {\n run();\n window.show();\n }\n});\n\nfunction run() {\n var myStore=Ext.create('Ext.data.",
"Store', {\n storeId: 'simpsonsStore',\n fields: ['busname', 'time', 'typebus',],\n pageSize:2,\n proxy: {\n type: 'memory',\n enablePaging: true\n },\n data: [{\n busname: 'ABCD',\n time: '15:30:00',\n typebus: 'AC Volvo',\n\n }, {\n busname: 'aaa',\n time: '13:30:00',\n typebus: 'Seater',\n\n },{\n busname: 'AAAA',\n time: '18:30:00',\n typebus: 'Sleeper',\n\n },{\n busname: 'ABCD',\n time: '19:30:00',\n typebus: 'AC Volvo',\n\n },]\n });\n\n Ext.create('Ext.grid.",
"Panel', {\n xtype :'gridpanel',\n itemId:'busTimegrid',\n pageSize:1,\n title: 'BUS DEATILS',\n mapperId:'getBusTime',\n store: Ext.data.",
"StoreManager.lookup('simpsonsStore'),\n columns: [{\n header: 'Bus Name',\n dataIndex: 'busname',\n editor: 'textfield'\n }, {\n text: 'Bus Time',\n dataIndex: 'time',\n xtype: 'gridcolumn',\n renderer: function (value) {\n if (value instanceof Date)\n return Ext.util.",
"Format.date(value, 'H:i:s');\n else\n return value;\n },\n flex: 1,\n editor: {\n xtype: 'timefield',\n format: 'H:i:s',\n allowBlank: true,\n maskRe: /[0-9,:]/,\n }\n }, {\n header: 'Bus TYpe',\n dataIndex: 'typebus',\n editable:true,\n renderer: function (value) {\n if (Ext.isNumber(value)) {\n var store = this.getEditor().getStore();\n return store.findRecord('id', value).get('name');\n }\n return value;\n },\n editor: {\n xtype: 'combo',\n displayField: 'name',\n valueField: 'id',\n editable:true,\n forceSelection:true,\n store: Ext.create('Ext.data.",
"Store', {\n fields: ['id', 'name'],\n data: [{\n id: 1,\n name: 'AC Volvo'\n }, {\n id: 2,\n name: 'Seater'\n }, {\n id: 3,\n name: 'Sleeper'\n }]\n })\n\n }\n }],\n selModel: 'cellmodel',\n plugins: {\n ptype: 'cellediting',\n clicksToEdit: 1,\n },\n listners: [{\n fn: 'onUsernamefieldBlur',\n event: 'blur',\n delegate: 'busname'\n }],\n onUsernamefieldBlur: function (textfield, e, eOpts) {\n\n if (textfield.getValue() === '') {\n Ext.",
"Msg.alert(\"Busname can't be empty\");\n textfield.setFocus(true);\n }\n },\n height: 200,\n width: 400,\n dockedItems: [{\n xtype: 'pagingtoolbar',\n store: myStore, // same store GridPanel is using\n dock: 'bottom',\n displayInfo: true\n }],\n renderTo: Ext.getBody()\n\n });\n}\n\nFiddle\n\nA:\n\nI solved it by adding below snippet\n\nvar gridRow = myStore.getModifiedRecords();\r\n Ext.each(gridRows, function (gridRow) {\r\n var dirtyInd = myStore.indexOf(gridRow);\r\n var newTime = new Date(store.getAt(dirtyInd).data.time);\r\n }\r\n myStore.each(function (record, idx) {\r\n var newT = new Date(record.get('time'));\r\n if (Ext.",
"Date.diff(newTime, newT,Ext.",
"Date.",
"SECOND)=== 0)\r\n {\r\n samebustime= true;\r\n }\r\n }); \n\n"
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"DESCRIPTION (APPLICATION ABSTRACT): The aims of this proposed two-year descriptive correlational study build on the established integrity and capacity of the California Nursing Outcomes Coalition (CalNOC) to engage California acute care hospitals in voluntarily using ANA nursing quality indicators for reporting standardized nurse staffing, patient safety, and quality indicators in a collaborative research, repository development, and benchmarking project. ",
"For the purposes of this study, it is posited that the daily unit-level configuration of nurse staffing and workload may buffer patients from the effects of error and resulting injury or compromise patient safety when variance in these factors exceeds a staff's adaptive capacity and breaches a unit-level margin of safety. ",
"The aims of this study are grounded in the knowledge that the potential to compromise patient safety through human error is inherent in nursing practice and medical care (IOM, 1999; QUIC, 2000; Reason, 1990). ",
"In collaboration with CalNOC's Statewide voluntary-convenience sample of medical-surgical acute care units from 77 hospitals, this study will break new ground in tracing daily unit-level direct care nurse staffing, in 100 patient care units over a two-month period, to examine associations between the structure of hospital nurse staffing and authoritative indicators of patient outcomes and safety commonly tracked by acute care hospitals, as well as regulatory and accreditation agencies--falls, pressure ulcers, restraint prevalence, and significant clinical events. ",
"Staffing measures to be studied include hours of direct care per patient day, skill mix of nurse caregivers, percent of contacted or agency staff, ratio of required to actual hours of care, and RN years of post-licensure experience. ",
"This study recognizes and quantifies the impact of patient turnover, a key factor in nurse staffing workload, and integrates it into multiple regression analyses examining associations between nurse staffing and outcomes. ",
"Of equal importance, this study will advance staffing measurement by tracing and analyzing the impact of variation in staffing and patient turnover, exploring the impact of variance on patient safety and outcomes."
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"Q:\n\nUnable to use any user in laravel project other than the root\n\nI am a beginner developing an app in Laravel framework. ",
"I am facing a problem that only the root user works with my database without the password or the user ''@'host' works. ",
"However, when I deploy the app to the server I can not use any of these users\nI get the following error, it seems that the Laravel is not reading any user name from .env or database.php file. (",
"as the name of the user is blank here).",
"\nSQLSTATE[HY000] [1044] Access denied for user ''@'localhost' to database 'itax' \nAgain it works if I use the user=root and no password or user=''\nHere are the configurations of my .env file\nDB_CONNECTION=mysql\nDB_HOST=localhost\nDB_PORT=3306\nDB_DATABASE=itax\nDB_USERNAME=raees\nDB_PASSWORD=12345\n\nand database.php file\n'mysql' => [\n 'driver' => 'mysql',\n 'host' => 'localhost',\n 'database' => 'itax',\n 'username' => 'raees',\n 'password' => '',\n 'charset' => 'utf8',\n 'collation' => 'utf8_unicode_ci',\n 'prefix' => '',\n 'strict' => false,\n ],\n\nAnyone facing the same issue or found any solutions to these problems please share\n\nA:\n\nFound solution with empty username. ",
"The username was always blank.",
"\nThe issue was with MySQL. ",
"The SQLSTATE error message is being passed directly from MySQL.",
"\nSo then I deleted the database and user. ",
"Re-created the database in the Databases tab of PhpMyAdmin. ",
"And importantly separately added the user and privileges. ",
"This fixed the issue.",
"\nI could connect from the MySQL client and run migrations.",
"\n\n"
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"Central odontogenic fibroma-like tumors, hypodontia, and enamel dysplasia: review of the literature and report of a case.",
"\nA patient with multiple odontogenic fibroma-like tumors in the mandible and enamel dysplasia is presented, bringing the total number of cases reported in the literature to 3. ",
"In addition to these manifestations, this case had hypodontia. ",
"The absence of associated teeth, the size of the lesions, the lingual expansion, and the green-yellow polarization of collagen with Picrosirius stains supported the neoplastic nature of the central odontogenic fibroma-like tumors in the case presented. ",
"Laminated psammomatous deposits distinguished the tumors from the World Health Organization-type central odontogenic fibroma."
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[
"It's not 'swinging' and it's not about cheating on your partner. ",
"But could it spell the end for monogamy? ",
"William Leith talks to 'polys' - the couples who have agreed to share their love with significant others\n\nI'm talking to Danella Shea, a polyamorist from Medford, Oregon. ",
"Danella is 53, and runs a pre-school centre with her husband, Michael, 45, also a polyamorist. ",
"Danella and Michael are, they tell me, happily married, but they also like having sex with other people, and so, with each other's permission, they do. ",
"That's polyamory. ",
"But when I say 'having sex', I might be missing the point. ",
"What Danella and Mike want is more love and intimacy than they can get from a monogamous relationship.",
"\n\nThey are not interested in being unfaithful. ",
"Neither do they want to be promiscuous. ",
"What they like is having a relationship. ",
"They like relationships so much, you might say, that they want to have more than just one. '",
"This is not swinging,' says Danella.",
"\n\n'It's not polygamy,' says Mike. ",
"People get confused between polygamy and polyamory. ",
"This is not about one male and three females.'",
"\n\nIf monogamy is, as the psychotherapist Adam Phillips says, our secular religion, polyamory is the latest heresy. ",
"In a way, it is infidelity without betrayal - or, at least, without the most obvious sort of betrayal. ",
"But in another way, it's not like being unfaithful at all, because its practitioners, at best, actively want their partners to take other lovers. ",
"Sometimes they want to join in, too.",
"\n\nHold on a minute, though. ",
"This is not like the classic male fantasy of the threesome, which comes from a promiscuous mindset. ",
"Threesome fantasies are about having more sex. ",
"Polyamory, as polyamorists are fond of saying, is about having more love.",
"\n\nWhen you talk to polyamorists, they sound strangely calm and beatific, like mountaineers or mathematicians sometimes do - people who have grasped at something fiendishly complicated and scary, and rendered it simple and safe. ",
"Frankly, they do not always sound believable. ",
"But then, I come from planet monogamy. ",
"Heresies such as polyamory, quite naturally, make me feel edgy and defensive.",
"\n\nI mean, what would happen if people could have more than one relationship, and nobody really minded? ",
"The world as we know it, surely, would collapse. ",
"Imagine coming home and finding a note from your wife saying that she was sleeping with one of your mates. ",
"It would drive you nuts. ",
"But what if you could sleep with your mate's wife at the same time? ",
"That would drive you nuts, too. ",
"And him, for God's sake. ",
"And what about everybody's kids? ",
"What about the jealousies and time management?",
"\n\nThese are my initial thoughts on polyamory. ",
"And, as it turns out, they are more or less everybody else's initial thoughts, too. ",
"Michael and Danella ask me to be sure to change names other than theirs, because some of their polyamorous partners are not 'out', and they worry about censure, not to mention issues of child custody. ",
"Like many polyamorous men, Michael is 'out'; like many women in the same situation, Danella is not. ",
"As always, when it comes to modern sex, men are in a less precarious position; they have less to lose.",
"\n\nDanella, from an Italian family on the east coast, is only partly out of the closet; her family don't know. '",
"My mother is still alive,' she says, 'and if she found out, she'd probably say, \"to each his own\". ",
"But my brothers would probably hound the hell out of her.' ",
"People tend not to understand the concept of loving more than one person. ",
"It messes with the whole scheme of things. '",
"They see sexual intimacy as something that should only take place between single partners,' says Danella.",
"\n\nWhen it comes to partner-sharing relation ships, evolutionary psychologists, in one respect, agree with Danella's brothers; it's not the way of the world. ",
"As David Buss, professor of psychology at the University of Michigan, and a leading thinker on the culture of human mating, points out, 'there are no cultures in which men are not sexually jealous'. ",
"Anthropologists, perhaps driven by idealism, have sometimes believed that some societies encouraged partner-sharing; subsequent research has always shown this not to b true. ",
"For instance, the Marquesa Islanders were touted as an example of a polyamorous society until it was discovered that everything depended on men giving permission to other men to sleep with their wives; without this permission, the woman was beaten, and sometimes killed.",
"\n\nSimilarly, it was once thought that the Inuit shared their wives liberally; it turned out that this happened only in rare situations; Inuit men it seemed, were as jealous as men everywhere and frequently killed their wives in jealous rages And if you think about it, this makes evolutionary sense; until the age of DNA testing, men could never be absolutely sure that the children their female partners bore were their own; the evolution of male jealousy is a brute fact. ",
"Polyamory then, is not a natural state. ",
"As David Buss put it: 'there are no paradises populated with sexually liberated people.'",
"\n\nBut if partner-sharing is not a natural state, nor is monogamy. ",
"This is where evolutionary psychologists part company with Danella's brothers. ",
"Faithful pair-bonding for life between two people was not the norm in the Stone Age, and, arguably, it's not the norm now, in an era when half of marriages end in divorce. ",
"A brief look at Darwin tells us why.",
"\n\nIn order to replicate his genes, the best thing a Stone Age man could do was to impregnate a woman, and provide resources to protect her and her offspring, while trying to impregnate as many other women along the way as possible. ",
"And how much have we evolved since the Stone Age? ",
"Possibly not at all, genetically speaking. ",
"As David Buss puts it, 'The picture is not a very pretty one, but humans were not designed by natural selection to coexist in matrimonial bliss. ",
"They were designed for individual survival and genetic reproduction.'",
"\n\nSeen this way, monogamy is a form of civilisation - an attempt to control the rampant promiscuity and gender warfare that is man's natural state. ",
"And it has its advantages - it creates family structure, naming systems, and accountability. ",
"It's a response to the invention of property and money, too. ",
"Monogamy is an enabling tool for the inheritance of goods. ",
"So maybe it's not natural, but simply useful as a way of bringing order to a chaotic world.",
"\n\nAnd that's what's interesting about polyamorists. ",
"Talk to them, and the thing they stress, above all, is the importance of order, of 'boundaries'. ",
"As Michael tells me, polyamorists often rank their lovers according to a hierarchy. '",
"People talk about having primary, secondary, and tertiary lovers,' he says. '",
"Primary often includes sharing finances. ",
"Secondary might mean living together. ",
"Tertiary might be seeing someone once a month.'",
"\n\n'These are things that get discussed,' says Danella. '",
"You have to set up boundaries. ",
"For instance, safer sex.' ",
"Some polyamorists create 'relationship documents', detailing who they've been with, when, and in what circumstances. ",
"Michael and Danella tell me that, since they moved to Medford from San Diego in the last few months, they've been 'dating' other couples in the area, but nothing has happened so far. ",
"One couple made it clear that they were only interested in a 'quad' relationship - when both couples find their counterparts attractive. ",
"But there was 'not enough compatibility.' ",
"So, at the moment, as a couple, they're single. ",
"Nan and John, both 48, a middle-class couple from New Jersey, are married. ",
"Julio, 36, and Amy, 45, are both unmarried and each lives nearby.",
"\n\nNan and John live with their two children - Adam, 20, and Julia, 17. ",
"Together, Nan and John and Julio and Amy form two new couples. ",
"At the weekends, John sleeps with Amy, while Nan sleeps with Julio. ",
"Amy and Julio are not sexually involved. '",
"I'm in love with two men,' says Nan, a psychotherapist, 'and I sleep with them both - separately. ",
"For me, finding love with someone new doesn't mean finishing my existing relationship with a man I've loved for years, and still do.'",
"\n\nOne of the good things is that Nan likes Amy, who works as a pet-sitter. '",
"She's Jewish, like me - smart, grounded, and sensible. ",
"I really warmed to her when I discovered she saves coupons and manages her money like I do. ",
"Amy is a far better listener than I am and gives John the attention he deserves. ",
"We're close friends and I love comparing notes with her about John. ",
"We laugh about the things he does that drive us both crazy.'",
"\n\nJohn, a lawyer, met Amy at a relationship workshop. '",
"The attraction was instant and obvious to everyone there, including Nan,' he says. ",
"I immediately wanted to be alone with her - there's an incredible sexual spark between us. ",
"But we \"polys\" are just like anyone else - civilised, polite, and appropriate.' ",
"John ponders for a second and says, 'People always ask me to compare Nan and Amy, but I refuse. ",
"I love them both for being the unique, amazing women they are'.",
"\n\nThe biggest misconception about polyamory is that it equals promiscuity. ",
"People assume that we have no boundaries. ",
"We do - they're just the ones that we've put in place. ",
"For me, the golden rule is that we all look after each other. ",
"A set-up like ours is a delicate thing, so we need to be gentle with it.'",
"\n\n'There are times when I find it challenging,' says Nan. ",
"John, her husband, had been having a relationship with Amy, for eighteen months before Nan met Julio. '",
"Amy would come to our house and I'd sleep alone in our room while Amy and John took the guest room. ",
"One night I went to the bathroom and caught a glimpse of them making love, which made me feel sad and jealous.'",
"\n\nThings changed when Julio came on the scene. '",
"Sex with John,' says Nan, 'is consistent and sweet; he's an amazing lover. ",
"Julio is very different. ",
"Our relationship is newer, so it feels more exciting and less certain. ",
"He's charming, charismatic and full of energy. ",
"We often have sex a few times a day, experimenting with different positions. ",
"If I really like one, I share it with John the next time we're alone together.' ",
"So does John get jealous too? '",
"Seeing Nan with her first polyamorous boyfriend was hard at first: I was intensely jealous,' he says. '",
"But that faded. ",
"Not that I don't still have moments of jealousy - it never completely goes away, but it does subside.",
"\n\n'For me, the hardest part of our arrangement is when I feel I'm letting either Nan or Amy down. ",
"However organised I try to be, I find life is a juggling act - with work, the children, Nan and Amy - and there are moments when something has to give. ",
"It was also very difficult when our children were younger and some of their friends found out about our lifestyle. ",
"The idea that our choices were in any way a source of pain to them really stung.'",
"\n\nIn many ways, then, polyamory has a lot in common with monogamy - it's a way of imposing some order on the untidiness of human emotions that sometimes works, and sometimes doesn't. ",
"But in a polyamorous world, the stakes are higher - there is more scope for things to go wrong.",
"\n\nLike Mike Shea, Julio has always seen himself as a 'poly'. '",
"To anyone considering becoming polyamorous: think about it very carefully,' he says. ",
"People imagine it will be the perfect solution - that they'll get one thing they need from one person, and something else from another. ",
"To a certain extent, that's true. ",
"You do get twice as much good stuff, but you also get twice as many problems. ",
"A situation like ours is fraught with ambiguity and misunderstanding, which can make for a rocky road.'",
"\n\nBut this is a rocky road which more and more people are taking. ",
"It's also a lifestyle that might have been made with the internet in mind; there are lots of sites in which people chat about their polyamorous activities, tout for new partners, and discuss the welter of new problems polyamory brings. ",
"Who, for instance, do you spend Christmas with? ",
"What if two partners clash over decor? ",
"One woman complains that, since her polyamorous group bought a house together, the two men in the group have become territorial.",
"\n\nThere are some problems you can see straight away. ",
"Polyamory can be led by the male desire to have sex with more people, but men are often hurt more than they thought they would be when their wife or girlfriend follows suit. ",
"You could see that coming, couldn't you? ",
"After all, according to David Buss, a man who wants to stray need not be unhappy with his relationship; a straying woman, however, is almost always dissatisfied.",
"\n\nAnd there are some things about polyamory you might never have thought of. ",
"Often, a 'quad' relationship starts well - each man loving each woman, and vice versa. ",
"But the women in the group are far more likely, when a bond has been formed, to experiment with each other than the men are to do likewise. '",
"The men want brotherhood,' Danella tells me, 'but not a sexual relationship. ",
"But the women connect more sexually.'",
"\n\nSo what accounts for polyamory? ",
"You just have to look at the websites: it's because monogamy isn't working like it used to. ",
"Peter, a 38-year-old mortgage adviser from Kent, says: 'I have a wife, a girlfriend, whom I love as much as my wife, and a lover. ",
"I consider all of them to be a part of my life. ",
"If I didn't have this sort of set-up, I would be going around being unfaithful to my wife, and I would have to lie to her all the time. '",
"\n\nFor Danella, 'I was married and divorced twice, then lived with someone for seven years. ",
"But all of these relationships weren't truly monogamous. ",
"The motto of monogamy today is different. ",
"I asked one of my partners to consider an open marriage, but he said \"no way\". ",
"But cheating was all right! ",
"So, for me, this is about honesty.'",
"\n\nIn the end, this new wrinkle in the sexual revolution seems to have been inevitable. ",
"We live in a world of affluence; we are always being encouraged to want more. ",
"Advertising and body-fascism and celebrity culture make people feel anxious and needy; the constant pressure on our sense of identity makes us want to reinvent ourselves all the time. ",
"There's a lot of pressure; no wonder monogamy is cracking.",
"\n\nDanella says, 'have you heard of the Cinderella Complex? ",
"How the woman has been programmed to believe that if she only finds the right man, she'll live happily ever after?' ",
"And then she says, 'There is no happy ever after.'"
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"Q:\n\nGet rid of blank rows when my CVS file is being created - Python\n\nWhen I run the below code and it creates the CSV. ",
"In my CSV file there are blank rows. ",
"I am wondering how to get rid of the blank rows.",
"\nFor example.",
"\nRow 1 – will have the data I need\nRow 2 – will be blank\nRow 3 – will have the data I need\nRow 4 – will be blank\nRow 5 – will have the data I need\nEtc\nI would like the CSV file when its created to present\nRow 1– will have the data I need\nRow 2 will have the data I need\nRow 3 – will have the data I need\nEtc\nMy code is below\nfrom elasticsearch import Elasticsearch\nimport csv\n\nes = Elasticsearch([\"9200\"])\n\n# Replace the following Query with your own Elastic Search Query\nres = es.search(index=\"search\", body=\n {\n \"_source\": [\"DTDT\", \"TRDT\", \"SPLE\", \"RPLE\"],\n \"query\": {\n \"bool\": {\n \"should\": [\n {\"wildcard\": {\"CN\": \"TEST1\"}}\n\n ]\n }\n }\n}, size=10)\n\nheader_names = { 'DTDT': 'DATE', 'TRDT': 'TIME', ...}\n\nwith open('mycsvfile.csv', 'w') as f: # Just use 'w' mode in 3.x\n header_present = False\n for doc in res['hits']['hits']:\n my_dict = doc['_source'] \n if not header_present:\n w = csv.",
"DictWriter(f, my_dict.keys())\n w.writerow(header_names) # will write DATE, TIME, ... in correct place\n header_present = True\n\n w.writerow(my_dict)\n\nCould someone show me how to so this place. ",
"Been stuck on this all day.",
"\nThanks\n\nA:\n\nTry this: \nwith open('mycsvfile.csv', 'w', newline='') as f:\nHere is the doc\nAs the documentation says in the footnote:\n\nIf newline=' ' is not specified, newlines embedded inside quoted fields\n will not be interpreted correctly, and on platforms that use \\r\\n\n linendings on write an extra \\r will be added. ",
"It should always be\n safe to specify newline=' ', since the csv module does its own\n (universal) newline handling.",
"\n\nHope it helps!",
"\n\n"
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"Prognostically favorable abdominal breast cancer metastases with stomach involvement.",
"\nAbdominal metastases with stomach involvement are rare in breast cancer. ",
"The median disease free interval from the time of breast cancer diagnosis to gastric metastasis is usually very long. ",
"Treatment is generally palliative, and expected survival time is less than 1 year. ",
"A 59-year-old woman with breast cancer developed diffuse abdominal metastases involving stomach, abdominal lymph nodes, and omentum 9 years after she underwent mastectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy. ",
"The histopathologic diagnosis found by stomach specimen examination was invasive lobular carcinoma, and the cells expressed high levels of estrogen and progesterone receptors. ",
"The abdominal metastases were treated with surgery, postoperative chemotherapy, and further hormonal therapy. ",
"This was successful, and the patient has been in remission for more than 3 years. ",
"Once the definitive diagnosis of breast cancer metastases to the abdomen including the stomach is established, treatment that targets systemic breast cancer must be initiated. ",
"Our patient's extended survival time suggests that surgical treatment could be considered for selected patients."
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"Q:\n\n¿Cual es la url de despliegue de una app Web Logic Server 11g?",
"\n\nSi mal no recuerdo en el pasado pude acceder asi:\nlocalhost:7001/producer/NOMBRE_DE_MI_APP\npero ahora no puedo levantar ninguna app que despliego en el servidor.",
"\nLa aplicacion se despliega sin errores pero por mas que intento URLs no logro acceder a la app.",
"\n\nA:\n\nPor defecto, en cualquier contenedor J2EE (Tomcat, JBoss, WebLogic, Websphere) corriendo en local, la URL de la aplicación es:\nlocalhost:<puerto>/<nombre_aplicacion>\n\nEl puerto puede variar, Tomcat usa por defecto el 8080 pero es algo configurable en el fichero server.xml\n\n"
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[
"Post-Lottery Mock Draft\n\nNow that we finally know where the Hornets will be picking, and we’ve had a chance to talk to Dell, let’s take an early look at how this draft might play out on June 28th.",
"\n\n1. ",
"New Orleans Hornets- Anthony Davis\n\nUh, anybody outside of Da Throne want to debate this? ",
"Look, as I’ve said all year, this draft was Anthony Davis or bust and thanks to the lucky combo 4967, we got him. ",
"Instant difference maker. ",
"Won’t waste much space on him here because we will have dozens of posts coming over the next month.",
"\n\n2. ",
"Charlotte Bobcats- Andre Drummond\n\nMJ is going to see the ghost of Kwame Brown, but he has to take the risk on the guy who could max out at Dwight Howard. ",
"MKG and Beal are nice players, but they aren’t turning that franchise around. ",
"Take and develop Drummond and be bad enough next year to take Shabazz.",
"\n\n3. ",
"Washington Wizards- Bradley Beal\n\nIt wil come down to Beal and Thomas Robinson, but I think Beal wins out as the Wizards find a backcourt mate for John Wall. ",
"Add that to Nene and some young guys who showed flashes last year (Vesely, Singleton, etc) and you can have a more talented version of the 76ers in 2-3 years.",
"\n\n4. ",
"Cleveland Cavs- Michael Kidd- Gilchrist\n\nMKG is a nice consolation prize for the Cavs who now have a nice young trio to build around. ",
"Still a hole at SG, however, which means they could throw the max at Mr. Gordon.",
"\n\n5. ",
"Sacramento Kings- Harrison Barnes\n\nRobinson is the better player but Barnes fills the bigger need. ",
"And for those hoping Barnes could fall to the Hornets at #10- if he doesn’t go here, he will go seven to Golden State.",
"\n\n6. ",
"Portland Trailblazers- Thomas Robinson\n\nWith two lottery picks, the Blazers can take the best guy on the board, and that guy is Thomas Robinson. ",
"Put his energy next to Aldridge, who can play center when the Blazers go small and you have a dangerous front court if they keep Batum.",
"\n\n7. ",
"Golden State Warriors- Perry Jones III\n\nWarriors need a small forward and Perry Jones thinks he is a small forward. ",
"Just seems like a Warriors pick, doesn’t it?",
"\n\n8. ",
"Toronto Raptors- Damian Lillard\n\nToronto would love for Barnes to fall to them, but they will take Lillard here and pair him with their young, foreign front court.",
"\n\n9. ",
"Detroit Pistons- Tyler Zeller\n\nMonroe is talented, but lacks some toughness and doesn’t do the dirty work. ",
"Enter Tyler Zeller, who will compliment him perfectly.",
"\n\n10. ",
"New Orleans Hornets- Austin Rivers\n\nNow I know 99% of you will like someone else here, but as I have said before, I think Rivers is the perfect fit for the Hornets in this situation. ",
"He is a gambler on the defensive end, and Davis can cover up the times he misses, and he has that exact type of irrational confidence that great sixth men have in this league. ",
"And although he will start on the bench, he will be on the court at the end of games, just like Harden, Manu, and Terry.",
"\n\nOther options-\n\nKendall Marshall- Davis is going to need easy buckets his first year or two and Marshall would be perfect in that area. ",
"Also, his biggest weakness (defense) is negated by Davis.",
"\n\nTerrance Jones- What beter way to make Davis feel at home than to bring along one of his buddies?",
"\n\nJared Sullinger- Perhaps the most talented guy left on the board. ",
"Can they play the 4 and 5 together?",
"\n\nWe now have an nba cornerstone and a good 2nd banana (Gordon), which IS THE HARDEST THING TO DO. ",
"It reminds me alot of the year San Antonio drafted Duncan. ",
"They didn’t suck that year, they were just really injured. ",
"Now if you add a good third wheel (Iggy, Gay, Granger) we could have a contender!!!",
"\n\nI can see Rivers and Gordon playing in the backcourt together for long stretches. (",
"Rivers coming off the bench of course but playing the Harden/Manu role)\n\nI’m not sold on either Lillard or Marshall as being anything more than backup PGs anyway.",
"\n\nOnly sad part about this draft is we won’t be seeing one of Ayon/Landry/Okafor on our roster next year. ",
"Landry seems to be the guy most likely to be going based on what it will cost to keep him money wise. ",
"Okafor still has value as a Center next to Davis and I don’t think it is worth using Amesty on him. ",
"Ayon is worth keeping around as a low cost bench player.",
"\n\nLove Rivers. ",
"Completely disagree with rjktan on Rivers and Gordon playing together, they both are slightly undersized combo guards who need the ball in their hands. ",
"I say if we get Rivers, we try to trade Gordon. ",
"But that’s just my opinion. ",
"Also not really sold on Marshall, but if Lillard is around I would grab him.",
"\n\nI’d also like Perry Jones or (less likely) Harrison Barnes at 10, if they’re available\n\nI agree. ",
"and River’s biggest question is his defense. ",
"Remember the last undersized scoring guard the Hornets had? ",
"Yeah, he got run out of town by Monty, so I think Rivers at #10 isn’t very likely, unless they plan to trade him. ",
"I’m sure some team below the Hornets is just in love with him, that might have add some value.",
"\n\nhoping dwill check our team dis offseason…..convince him dell demps dat the opportunity to win and contend is hir in big easy!a dwill and eg backcourt would be sick…pair dem wid davis and we have a championship caliber team in d making….draft rivers and we have r own version of harden\n\nI like Austin Rivers but I have read that he may be uncoachable, and have a bad attitude. ",
"Guys like that scare me. ",
"And before you say “but he’ll be paired alongside AD” see OKC and Westbrook. ",
"Admittedly I haven’t even watched the kid play so please prove me wrong because the prospect sounds awesome.",
"\n\nMan the idea of trading the 10 pick must be very enticing to Dell, as the other posters have noted. ",
"To me that’s starting to get to hit-and-miss prospects. ",
"That said, if we decide to keep the pick, how about the kid Moultrie from Mississippi State? ",
"He’s got raw talent big time, and like I said a lot of our options at that point would be pretty much gambles anyway.",
"\n\nI wouldn’t be surprised to see the players you have in the top 9, go on the top 9 in some order. ",
"But I don’t see Rivers going to the Hornets; among other things he is too one dimensional offensively (only can consistently drive in college) and is a poor defender. ",
"Rivers is a crafty college player; that’s not good enough to ever be more than a back-up in the NBA. ",
"Plus Rivers is basically Vasquez #2: too tall/too average an athlete to guard a starting PG and not a good enough scorer to be a SG.",
"\n\nI do see the Hornet’s drafting Marshall, or making a trade where we get back a PG or a pick we can use on a PG. (",
"I still see a quality starting PG as the Hornet’s biggest need.) ",
"If not, I see Jones or Sullinger being a Hornet before Rivers. ",
"Any of them likely have a better NBA future than Rivers; let alone a better future with the Hornets.",
"\n\nMaybe the Hornets are blowing smoke about Rivers to get teams interested in their 10th pick.",
"\n\nI don’t want him. ",
"And I’m sure he doesn’t want us. ",
"I think regardless we need to draft a PG because free agency is after the draft so we have to take advantage of the opportunity to draft a PG rather than hoping one will sign with us.",
"\n\nI thought Austin Rivers was a SG, but I say we draft Austin Rivers for some bench power. ",
"I think we should keep Omeka and not amnesty him, I mean he is overpaid but he is still a good center. ",
"I also want to know if there is a way that we could pick up Derron Williams, I know its unlickly but Im just curious. ",
"I think if we stay away from injurys this year the Hornets could be pretty good!",
"\n\nGoing against your mock here:\nBut I want Davis and Zeller…\nZeller isn’t the sexy pick, but he is a solid and athletic big man..\nDavis, Zeller,.",
"Smith, and Ayon is a formidable group of Bigs… Extremely cost effective also\n\nThis also allows you to amnesty Mek, clearing up cap room to use on building for the future of this team…\n\nI also wouldn’t mind seeing Jack traded… Possibly for a late first round early second pick?? ",
"Scott Machado from Iona..\n\nI like Zeller too. ",
"And I would like a late first round pick. ",
"But I don’t like the idea of getting rid of all of our veteran players and just having a young team. ",
"The guys touched on it briefly with Thorpe, about the Hornets having so many young players. ",
"It could be disastrous. ",
"I think you have to keep at least 2, preferably 3 people out of Ariza, Kaman, Jack, Mek, and Landry. ",
"They’re pros and know to how to play in the NBA, which young guys need to learn how to do.",
"\n\nYou don’t want to become the next KINGS or WIZARDS by having all young guys and crappy Vets\n\njmbell\n\nMay 30, 2012 at 11:49 pm\n\nagree completely. ",
"and bobcats\n\nJo D\n\nMay 31, 2012 at 10:48 am\n\nI’m all for keeping either mek or kaman… Just not at 10+ mil a year… If kaman wants to come back at a lower salary than he had, I would love him back, this allows you to amnesty mek…\nLandry is likely out no matter what… I love the guy… He plays hard.. But we currently have Smith, Ayon, and the incoming Davis at the 4 spot… Don’t see room for him, esp at 7-9 mil a year…\na lineup of\nGV\nEG\nAriza\nDavis\nKaman\nWould be nice…\nEsp with guys like Smith coming off the bench…\n\nI think we are all getting ahead of ourselves with excitement tho…\nWho knows what opportunities we will have to improve and change our roster…\nI’m sure dealer dell is targeting other vets as we speak….",
"\n\nI can’t wait til training camp to see what the make up of this team looks like…\nA lot hinges on that #10 pick\nPg? ",
"Sf? ",
"C? ",
"Trade?",
"\n\nAnd to teach him the ways of the Stockton-Malone pick & roll. ",
"Gordon, if I recall correctly, is one of the most efficient players in the pick and roll according to one of the guys here. ",
"Gordon and Davis would be amazing.",
"\n\nnot a bad place to start! ",
"I say with the addition of Davis, we are officially in WIN NOW MODE. ",
"We can afford to keep Okafor, bc our best player is playing on a rookie contract now. ",
"What would I love to see??",
"\n\nMonty wouldn’t be able to put up with Mcgee’s antics. ",
"LOL. ",
"Sure he hustles as hard as the next guy, but his basketball IQ just isn’t up to par. ",
"And Philly needs another scorer, and they already have Turner and Young so they probably don’t have much interest in Ariza. ",
"I goess they might like Rivers to be another scorer, but now they have Holiday, Turner, Lou Williams and Austin Rivers. ",
"Talk about a crowded backcourt. ",
"I don’t think they take that trade.",
"\n\nDavis needs a big guy next to him. ",
"Now I love the guy, but we really need to amnesty Okafor. ",
"He’s just not worth his current price tag and can’y compete on the boards with the really big guys (2010 playoffs anyone?). ",
"I would really like Kamen back for cheaper next year but thats unlikely so hopefully we can sign someone like Omer Asik or Louis Amundson.",
"\n\nAlso it would be great to trade for a PG upgrade like Lowry or Augestine. ",
"Maybe put together a deal with some combination of Jack, Ayon, 10th pick, and Vasquez/Aminu/Henry.",
"\n\n– I’d resign Kaman for less money, and if not able just let him go\n– Sadly Landry can’t be resigned. ",
"No minutes for him and he’ll cost too much\n– I say give Okafor + Davis a year together. ",
"Not worth using Amesty on Okafor when Davis will be on a rookie contract anyway. ",
"Only reason we give up Okafor is in a trade at this stage\n– Seriously explore trades for any package of the 10th pick + Rondo. ",
"If not try to use other pieces to get a Lowry lvl player\n– Stay away from McGee\n– Henry/Aminu/Ayon getting a proper pre-season with Monty\n– Ariza to stay on the team"
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"Pre-Islamic scripts in Afghanistan\n\nAfghanistan possesses a rich linguistic legacy of pre-Islamic scripts, which existed before being displaced by the Arabic alphabet, after the Islamic conquest of Afghanistan.",
"\nAmong these scripts are Sharada, Kharosthi, Greek (for the Bactrian language), and Brāhmī. ",
"For thousands of years, Afghanistan was inhabited by Indo-Aryan and Iranian peoples and thus all ancient documents, tracts, monuments and remains are of Hindu and Iranian origins. ",
"Later, Buddhism became the major force in Afghanistan and brought with it its own liturgical languages.",
"\n\nAbundant archeological evidence in the form of inscriptions, numismatics and manuscripts has provided traces of the precursors of the contemporary Indo-Aryan Languages of Afghanistan such as Dardic languages.",
"\n\nSanskrit\nRecent Archeological unearthings of Sanskrit inscriptions attest to the prevalence of the Sanskrit alphabet in Afghanistan. ",
"\n\nSome later Sanskrit inscriptions in late Brahmi of about around the fifth to eighth centuries have also been found in Afghanistan in recent decades. ",
"Worthy of note are the Dilberjin fresco inscriptions (Drevniaia Baktriia); the Gardez inscriptions on an image of Ganesa; and the Uma Maheshvara image inscriptions from Tapa Skandar. ",
"Several Buddhist inscriptions of this period with the Buddhist creed on votive clay tablets have also been discovered at Ghazni\n\nThe Kushan Empire employed Sanskrit abundantly for use in Buddhist literary texts, as is evident from epigraphic evidence.",
"\n\nThe presence of Buddhist literary texts in Sanskrit of the Kushan period goes hand in hand with the codification of the Sanskrit canon of the Sarvastivada school in Kashmir at the Buddhist council in the time of Kanishk.",
"\n\nHistorians attest the largest population of the region including Bactria spoke vernacular dialects of Sanskrit.",
"\n\nŚāradā\nŚāradā texts have been widely found in Afghanistan; one of them was engraved on a marble statue of the Indian elephant god Ganesh that was found near Gardez. ",
"Another was inscribed on the large Uma Maheshvara from Tepe Skandar, north of Kabul. ",
"The Śāradā inscriptions all seem to date to the 8th century CE.",
"\n\nBetween 750 and 1000 A.D., the Shahi's issued silver coins to provide currency for eastern Afghanistan and Gandhara. ",
"Most of the coins have an obverse legend in either Spalpati Deva or Samanta Deva, which are Śāradā scripts.",
"\n\nGandhari\nIn what was Gandhara (Eastern Afghanistan and Northern Pakistan), scholars have found a large quantity of Buddhist scrolls, written in the Gandhari language (a dialect of Sanskrit) with the Kharosthi script. ",
"Gandhari most likely was the daily language of the Kushans after they established their empire. ",
"From Gandhara, this script spread east and north into various parts of Central Asia. ",
"In the centuries that followed, Kharoshthi became the main script in the Tarim basin (now part of China's Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous region) for writing local languages.",
"\n\nKharosthi\nInscriptions and documents in Kharosthi have been found over a broad area in Afghanistan. ",
"To the far west and northwest, several specimens have been found at sites along the Kabul River in Afghanistan as far west as Wardak or Khawat, some 20 miles west of Kabul. ",
"Recent archaeological excavations have also yielded numerous Kharosthi inscriptions from north of the Hindu Kush, in ancient Bactria, both in sites in northern Afghanistan such as Qunduz and in several places in the former Soviet republics of Uzbekistan and Tajikistan.",
"\n\nSee also\n\n Gandhāran Buddhist texts\n Pre-Islamic Hindu and Buddhist heritage of Afghanistan\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nKharosthi\nKharosthi script \nBrahmi\n Zoroastrian Heritage, Avestan and Iranian Languages\n\nCategory:Inscriptions\nCategory:Alphabets\nCategory:Languages of Afghanistan\nCategory:Linguistic history of Pakistan\nCategory:Ancient history of Afghanistan"
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"Mian Muhammad Akhtar Hayat\n\nMian Muhammad Akhtar Hayat is a Pakistani politician who has been a member of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab since August 2018. ",
"Mian Akhter Hayat is a retired Police officer of Pakistan and he has also served as an assistant collector in Punjab.",
"\n\nEarly life and education\nHe was born on 1 October 1950 in Kharian Tehsil, Pakistan.",
"\n\nHe has a degree of Bachelor of Arts.",
"\n\nPolitical career\n\nHe was elected to the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab as a candidate of Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf from Constituency PP-32 (Gujrat-V) in 2018 Pakistani general election.",
"\n\nReferences\n\nCategory:Living people\nCategory:Punjab MPAs 2018–2023\nCategory:Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf MPAs (Punjab)\nCategory:1950 births"
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"Federal, state and local governmental bodies reacting to constituent pressures have instituted a series of laws and regulations aimed at preventing the continued contamination of the environment. ",
"These laws and regulations encompass numerous minerals and chemicals regarded as contaminants and/or hazardous materials, and affect many different industries. ",
"The content of these minerals and chemicals in effluent streams is often restricted to very stringent levels. ",
"Compliance with the increasingly stringent regulations is one of the greatest challenges for industry to meet. ",
"Such compliance can become extremely costly, even to a point where competitive pricing can be jeopardized.",
"\nDissolved silver (Ag.sub.2) is one hazardous material that is regulated by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). ",
"The EPA effluent limit for silver in water is 5 ppm or below. ",
"It is therefore important that industries discharging or otherwise generating solutions or waste water containing dissolved silver monitor for this low silver concentration.",
"\nA variety of methods and devices are available to test effluent solutions for contaminants. ",
"For example, for testing the concentration of silver in photo processing and industrial solutions or waste waters various methods and devices have been disclosed using such things as silver sensitive testing papers, copper strips or wire, color metric titration, spectrography and atomic absorption.",
"\nMany of these previously disclosed devices can be extremely complex and expensive to employ. ",
"Some can only be used under exacting laboratory conditions. ",
"In addition, generic copper strips used in other methods vary in quality and can quickly oxidize thereby leading to inconsistent and unreliable results. ",
"These factors contribute to inconsistent readings and test performance.",
"\nThere remains a need, therefore, for simple, low cost, reliable methods and devices that can be readily and remotely employed to test for silver as a contaminant in various industrial solutions and waste waters, particularly those dealing with photo processing. ",
"Such methods and devices should be sensitive to low concentrations of silver, particularly those at or near compliance levels."
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"Q:\n\nJoinConference with the Lync 2013 client SDK in UI suppression mode\n\nI'm working on a project that uses the Lync 2013 client SDK in UI suppression mode to show a custom UI for Skype. ",
" I am able to call the ConversationManager.",
"AddConversation() method and connect to IM, audio and video just fine for 1 on 1 calls.",
"\nNow, I would like to call the ConversationManager.",
"JoinConference(conferenceUri) to join an online meeting. ",
" I am using the uri for a scheduled meeting and I format it like this:\nconf:sip:aweston@meet.dev.domain.com;gruu;opaque=app:conf:focus:id:6OHB2XXX?required-media=audiovideo\nThe call seems to connect but after going through some state changes it just goes to Disconnected. ",
" \nIf I join the same meeting using the standard S4B client, the meeting connects just fine so I think the meeting and the connectivity is all setup and working ok.",
"\nI have looked for samples on how to do this here …\nhttps://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/office/jj933140.aspx\nAnd also in the SDK here …\nC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Microsoft Office 2013\\LyncSDK\\samples \nI'm starting to look at the S4B logs here …\n.\\AppData\\Local\\Microsoft\\Office\\15.0\\Lync\\Tracing \nBut I'm not really sure what I 'm looking at there.",
"\nHere is a log of the calls that I'm making.",
"\nAny suggestions or samples you have that are doing a similar thing would be most appreciated.",
"\nThanks\n--Andy\n11:01:11 PM SkypeService: _lyncClient_ConversationAdded\n11:01:11 PM SkypeService: Conversation: Inactive, Modality: Disconnected, Video: None, Audio: None, Count: 1\n11:01:11 PM SkypeService: ListenToConversation\n11:01:17 PM SkypeService: ConferenceId: sip:aweston@meet.dev.domain.com;gruu;opaque=app:conf:focus:id:6OHB2XXX\n11:01:17 PM SkypeService: Conversation: Inactive, Modality: Disconnected, Video: None, Audio: None, Count: 1\n11:01:17 PM SkypeService: Conversation_ActionAvailabilityChanged: False, RemoveParticipant\n11:01:17 PM SkypeService: Conversation_ActionAvailabilityChanged: False, Merge\n11:01:17 PM SkypeService: Conversation_ParticipantAdded\n11:01:20 PM SkypeService: Conversation_ActionAvailabilityChanged: False, Park\n11:01:20 PM SkypeService: CallModality_ActionAvailabilityChanged: True, Connect\n11:01:20 PM SkypeService: AudioChannel_ActionAvailabilityChanged: True, Start\n...\n11:01:24 PM SkypeService: CallModality_StateChanged: Connecting\n11:01:24 PM SkypeService: Conversation: Inactive, Modality: Connecting, Video: None, Audio: None, Count: 1\n11:01:24 PM SkypeService: AudioChannel_StateChanged: Connecting\n11:01:24 PM SkypeService: Conversation: Inactive, Modality: Connecting, Video: None, Audio: None, Count: 1\n11:01:24 PM SkypeService: VideoChannel_StateChanged: Connecting\n11:01:24 PM SkypeService: Conversation: Inactive, Modality: Connecting, Video: None, Audio: None, Count: 1\n11:01:24 PM SkypeService: Conversation_ActionAvailabilityChanged: False, AddParticipant\n11:01:24 PM SkypeService: Conversation_ActionAvailabilityChanged: False, Merge\n11:01:24 PM SkypeService: SharingModality_ActionAvailabilityChanged: False, Connect\n11:01:24 PM SkypeService: SharingModality_ActionAvailabilityChanged: True, Connect\n11:01:25 PM SkypeService: Conversation_ActionAvailabilityChanged: False, RemoveParticipant\n11:01:25 PM SkypeService: VideoChannel_ActionAvailabilityChanged: False, Start\n11:01:30 PM SkypeService: CallModality_StateChanged: Disconnected\nDetailed Error ...\n<?",
"xml version=\"1.0\"?",
">\n<request xmlns=\"urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:cccp\"\n xmlns:mscp=\"http://schemas.microsoft.com/rtc/2005/08/cccpextensions\"\n C3PVersion=\"1\"\n to=\"sip:aweston@meet.dev.",
"DOMAIN.com;gruu;opaque=app:conf:focus:id:6OHB2E3Y\"\n from=\"sip:aweston@dev.DOMAIN.com\"\n requestId=\"935284871552\">\n <addUser>\n <conferenceKeys confEntity=\"sip:aweston@meet.dev.",
"DOMAIN.com;gruu;opaque=app:conf:focus:id:6OHB2E3Y\"/>\n <ci:user xmlns:ci=\"urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:conference-info\"\n entity=\"sip:aweston@dev.DOMAIN.com\">\n <ci:roles>\n <ci:entry>attendee</ci:entry>\n </ci:roles>\n <ci:endpoint entity=\"{F4E183FE-5304-4281-ABAE-0A5EE56A7175}\"\n xmlns:msci=\"http://schemas.microsoft.com/rtc/2005/08/confinfoextensions\"/>\n </ci:user>\n </addUser>\n</request>\n\nResponse Data:\n504 Server time-out\nms-diagnostics: 1065;reason=\"Federation is disabled\";domain=\"meet.dev.",
"DOMAIN.com\";source=\"sip.dev.",
"DOMAIN.com\"\n\nA:\n\nYour conference link suggests that audio/video is required but your log is showing that there is no Audio or video devices connected. ",
" Try the following conference link remember to include the ? ",
"at the end conf:sip:aweston@meet.dev.domain.com;gruu;opaque=app:conf:focus:id:6OHB2XXX?",
"\n\n"
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"Delayed linear dimensional changes of five high strength gypsum products used for the fabrication of definitive casts.",
"\nProlonged storage of definitive casts made from Type IV and Type V gypsum products, especially in an environment of increased temperature and low humidity, may result in contraction. ",
"The purpose of this study was to evaluate the linear dimensional changes of 5 different high strength stones after exposing them to 2 different storage conditions over a period of 3 weeks. ",
"Three Type IV dental stones (Fujirock, Vel-Mix, Suprastone) and 2 Type V dental stones (Hard Rock, Jade Stone) were tested in this study. ",
"A circular conical stainless steel die with a diameter of 66 mm and a height of 10 mm was made. ",
"Two V-shaped grooves, 38 mm apart, were scribed on the surface of the die for the purposes of measurement. ",
"A conical stainless steel ring with a bottom inner diameter of 68 mm and a top inner diameter of 65 mm was also fabricated to fit precisely around the stainless steel die. ",
"The dental stone was mixed with water under vacuum and poured under vibration onto the stainless steel die, which was surrounded by the ring. ",
"The specimens (n=20) were separated from the stainless steel die 1 hour after pouring. ",
"Half of these specimens (control) were stored in a room at 22 ±1°C with relative humidity of 50 ±5%, while the rest of the specimens were placed in a temperature regulating incubator at 40 ±1°C and relative humidity of <20%. ",
"The linear dimensional changes were recorded at designated time intervals with a traveling microscope over a 3 week period. ",
"Collected data were subjected to a 2-way repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) (α=.05). ",
"The highest expansion values for the specimens in the control group were recorded between 72 and 96 hours. ",
"A contraction was noticed thereafter for all specimens, in both groups. ",
"No difference in the measurements was registered between the second and third week. ",
"ANOVA revealed significant differences (P<.001) among different Type IV and V dental stone products, time, and storage conditions. ",
"The highest expansion values for all specimens in the control group were recorded between 72 and 96 hours. ",
"The highest expansion values for all specimens in the experimental group were recorded at 24 hours. ",
"For all specimens, contraction was noticed up to the 2-week measurements. ",
"All factors examined (dental stone, time, storage condition) significantly affected the linear dimensional changes."
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"Q:\n\nRegular Expression for carriage return occuring at begining or end file\n\nI am looking for a way to remove 'stray' carriage returns occurring at the beginning or end of a file. ",
"ie:\n\\r\\n <-- remove this guy\nsome stuff to say \\r\\n\nsome more stuff to say \\r\\n\n\\r\\n <-- remove this guy\n\nHow would you match \\r\\n followed by 'nothing' or preceded by 'nothing'?",
"\n\nA:\n\nTry this regular expression:\n^(\\r\\n)+|\\r\\n(\\r\\n)+$\n\n"
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"As you recall this blog has reported on the proposal from City of Madison Engineering Division to add aluminum sulfate (alum) to the Arboretum’s Marion Dunn storm water pond on Monroe Street. ",
"Now, we have learned that the City has … Continue reading →\n\nThe dictionary defines erosion as the removal of soil by the action of wind, water, and gravity. ",
"Aldo Leopold said that “the destruction of soil is the most fundamental kind of economic loss that the human race can suffer.” (",
"Erosion … Continue reading →\n\nThe Secret Pond project continues to move ahead with the significant excavation of the pond foot print now complete. ",
"Soil has been piled high on the site and many truckloads of native Arboretum soil hauled away for disposal. ",
"Here are … Continue reading →"
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" ACCEPTED\n 07-15-00079-CR\n SEVENTH COURT OF APPEALS\n AMARILLO, TEXAS\n 9/21/2015 10:44:32 PM\n Vivian Long, Clerk\n\n\n NO. ",
"07-15-00079-CR\n\nKENYA ABDULE MARTIN § IN THE SEVENTH\n FILED COURT\n IN\n 7th COURT OF APPEALS\n § AMARILLO, TEXAS\nv. § 9/21/2015 10:44:32 PM\n § VIVIAN LONG\nTHE STATE OF TEXAS § OF APPEALS CLERK\n OF TEXAS\n\n\n MOTION TO EXTEND TIME TO FILE\n THE APPELLANT’S BRIEF\nTO THE HONORABLE JUSTICES OF THE COURT OF APPEALS:\n\n COMES NOW Kenya Abdule Martin, appellant, and files this Motion to\n\nextend the time to file his Brief until September 28, 2015.",
"\n\n I.\n\n The appellant’s Brief is due on September 21, 2015. ",
"Two prior extensions\n\nhave been sought and granted. ",
"Undersigned counsel is aware that his previous\n\nmotion, filed September 7, 2015, stated it would be his final one in this case;\n\ncounsel sincerely apologizes for filing yet another motion.",
"\n\n After counsel filed the second motion, however, a court reporter present at a\n\npretrial hearing – not the reporter who transcribed the trial – filed a supplemental\n\nvolume to the reporters record on September 8, 2015. ",
"In addition, this appeal is a\n\ncomplicated one with several issues to be researched and raised. ",
"In light of all this,\n\nundersigned counsel requests the Court’s indulgence for one further week to\n\nproperly prepare the appellant’s Opening Brief.",
"\n\f II.",
"\n\n Undersigned counsel further represents the following clients whose briefs or\n\nother appellate pleadings were filed on the indicated dates in the 30 days preceding\n\nthe filing of this motion, and has not yet had time to prepare the brief in this case:\n\n Denton v. State, 07-15-181/2-CR – Opening Brief filed 8/27/15\n Benefield v. State, 02-14-00099-CR – PDR filed 8/28/15\n Finch v. State, 07-15-104-CR – Reply Brief filed 9/3/15\n French v. State, 11-14-284-CR – Reply Brief filed 9/3/15\n\nCounsel also represented a prisoner in a parole revocation case in the second week in\n\nSeptember, in Randall County.",
"\n\n\n WHEREFORE, the appellant prays the Court grant an extension of time to\n\nfile the Appellant’s Brief to September 28, 2015.",
"\n\n Respectfully submitted,\n\n /s/ JOHN BENNETT\n John Bennett\n Post Office Box 19144\n Amarillo, Texas 79114\n (806) 282-4455\n Fax: (806) 398-1988\n State Bar Number 00785691\n Email: AppealsAttorney@gmail.com\n Attorney for the appellant\n\n\n\n\n 2\n\f CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE\n\n This is to certify that a true and correct copy of the above Motion was served\n\nby email on September 21, 2015, on Jack Owen, Esq., ",
"Assistant District Attorney\n\nfor Potter County, to him at jackowen@co.potter.tx.us.",
"\n\n /s/ JOHN BENNETT\n John Bennett\n\n\n\n\n 3\n\f"
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"1 of 5 View Caption\n\nChris Detrick | The Salt Lake Tribune HollyFrontier refinery' s damaged oil storage tank in Woods Cross Saturday September 1, 20 Francisco Kjolseth | The Salt Lake Tribune A cracked top on a Woods Cross refinery storage tank spread an unspecified amount of Francisco Kjolseth | The Salt Lake Tribune After power spraying, crews move in for the hand work to clean up the effects of a cr Francisco Kjolseth | The Salt Lake Tribune Crews begin to power spray the oil off buildings and rocks affected by a cracked top Chris Detrick | The Salt Lake Tribune HollyFrontier refinery' s damaged oil storage tank in Woods Cross Saturday September 1, 20"
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"Derangement of Ras-guanine nucleotide-releasing factor 1 (Ras-GRF1) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) dependent striatal plasticity in L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia.",
"\nBidirectional long-term plasticity at the corticostriatal synapse has been proposed as a central cellular mechanism governing dopamine-mediated behavioral adaptations in the basal ganglia system. ",
"Balanced activity of medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in the direct and the indirect pathways is essential for normal striatal function. ",
"This balance is disrupted in Parkinson's disease and in l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA)-induced dyskinesia (LID), a common motor complication of current pharmacotherapy of Parkinson's disease. ",
"Electrophysiological recordings were performed in mouse cortico-striatal slice preparation. ",
"Synaptic plasticity, such as long-term potentiation (LTP) and depotentiation, was investigated. ",
"Specific pharmacological inhibitors or genetic manipulations were used to modulate the Ras-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Ras-ERK) pathway, a signal transduction cascade implicated in behavioral plasticity, and synaptic activity in different subpopulations of striatal neurons was measured. ",
"We found that the Ras-ERK pathway, is not only essential for long-term potentiation induced with a high frequency stimulation protocol (HFS-LTP) in the dorsal striatum, but also for its reversal, synaptic depotentiation. ",
"Ablation of Ras-guanine nucleotide-releasing factor 1 (Ras-GRF1), a neuronal activator of Ras proteins, causes a specific loss of HFS-LTP in the medium spiny neurons in the direct pathway without affecting LTP in the indirect pathway. ",
"Analysis of LTP in animals with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions (6-OHDA) rendered dyskinetic with chronic L-DOPA treatment reveals a complex, Ras-GRF1 and pathway-independent, apparently stochastic involvement of ERK. ",
"These data not only demonstrate a central role for Ras-ERK signaling in striatal LTP, depotentiation, and LTP restored after L-DOPA treatment but also disclose multifaceted synaptic adaptations occurring in response to dopaminergic denervation and pulsatile administration of L-DOPA."
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[
"Chechnya: two dead and dozens held in LGBT purge, say activists\n\n14/01/2019\n\nTwo people have been killed and nearly 40 detained in a new crackdown on LGBT people in Russia’s Chechnya region, activists have said. ",
"The deaths were reportedly caused by the use of torture by police. ",
"The reports on Monday echo those from 2017, when hundreds of gay men were rounded up by police in Chechnya…\n\nTwo people have been killed and nearly 40 detained in a new crackdown on LGBT people in Russia’s Chechnya region, activists have said. ",
"The deaths were reportedly caused by the use of torture by police.",
"\n\nThe reports on Monday echo those from 2017, when hundreds of gay men were rounded up by police in Chechnya and subjected to beatings and electric shocks in secret prisons, provoking international condemnation and sanctions.",
"\n\nVictim of Chechnya’s ‘gay purge’ calls on Russia to investigate\n\nRead more\n\nIf confirmed, the new detentions and killings would show that pressure on Russia and the Chechen leader, Ramzan Kadyrov, has not dissuaded him from presiding over modern-day pogroms against LGBT people in the conservative republic.",
"\n\nThe Russian LGBT Network, a St Petersburg-based NGO that campaigns for equal rights for sexual minorities in Russia, led an effort to evacuate LGBT people from Chechnya in 2017. ",
"The NGO maintains an extensive network of contacts among Russia’s LGBT community.",
"\n\nThe new wave of persecution began in late December, according to the Russian LGBT Network, after an administrator for an online group for LGBT people on the social network VKontakte was detained. ",
"Police used the contacts in his phone to round up others.",
"\n\nThose detained included both men and women, said Igor Kochetkov, the programme director for the Russian LGBT Network. ",
"Police used a jail in the town of Argun to hold the prisoners, took their documents to prevent them from leaving the region, and threatened violence against relatives to prevent them from speaking publicly about the crackdown.",
"\n\n“The persecution of men and women suspected of homosexuality never ceased,” Kochetkov said. “",
"The only thing that has changed is its scale.”",
"\n\nThe reports were partially confirmed by the Russian newspaper Novaya Gazeta, which said its sources confirmed a new crackdown on LGBT people in Chechnya and quoted a message posted on one VKontakte group: “I ask everyone who is still free to treat this message seriously and get out of the republic as soon as possible.”",
"\n\nPrevious victims have described the brutal tactics used by Chechen law enforcement against LGBT people in the republic. ",
"One young Chechen man said he had been beaten with metal rods, subjected to electric shocks and verbally abused for his sexual orientation. ",
"Three young men were reportedly killed in that crackdown.",
"\n\nAnother victim, Maksim Lapunov, said he had been beaten with batons while having a plastic bag pulled over his head. ",
"He was the first to make a formal complaint to Russia’s investigative committee, which so far has not opened a criminal case in relation to the reports.",
"\n\nThe reports led to international outrage and sanctions against Kadyrov, who was targeted in late 2017 under the US Magnitsky Act for supporting “extrajudicial killings” and an “anti-gay purge”.",
"\n\nKadyrov has denied the purge took place but also told one interviewer that gay people in Chechnya should be removed “to cleanse our blood”."
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[
"package com.example\n\nimport kotlin.test.",
"Test\nimport kotlin.test.assertEquals\n\nclass ATest {\n @Test\n fun doATest() {\n assertEquals(\"sup\", SampleClass().someMethod())\n }\n}"
] | {
"pile_set_name": "Github"
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[
"Q:\n\nOpenCL / OpenGL Interop using GtkGLArea\n\nI know it looks like I only visit when I need something but I have another question.",
"\nBuilding on my previous question, where I successfully ran a basic OpenGL program. ",
"I'm now adding OpenCL interop with a trivial CL script that shrinks the triangle a small amount each time it renders.",
"\nAll I'm getting is a blank screen. ",
"Commenting out the section that acquires and releases the GL objects allows the rendering to work as before. ",
"Just fails to integrate the OpenCL compnent.",
"\nopencl.h is just a header with helper functions that I use to register all CL objects and free them with a single function call in the end.",
"\nEDIT: 12th June 2015\nUncommented the /*fprintf(stderr, \"ERROR: \" x \" failed %d\\n\", cl_stat);*/ line which reveals more info:\nERROR: Set cl kernel arg failed -38\nERROR: Acquiring GL objects failed -5\n\nThe OpenCL error code -38 means it's an invalid memory object according to this list followed by an out of resources error when trying to re-acquire GL objects.",
"\nHere's main.c\n#include <stdlib.h>\n#include <stdio.h>\n#include <string.h>\n\n#include <glib.h>\n\n#include <gdk/gdkx.h>\n#include <epoxy/glx.h>\n#include <epoxy/gl.h>\n#include <gtk/gtk.h>\n\n#include <CL/opencl.h>\n#include \"cl_utils.h\"\n\n#define IGNORE_VAR(type, identifier) \\\n{ \\\n type IGNORED_VARIABLE_abcd = identifier; \\\n identifier = IGNORED_VARIABLE_abcd; \\\n}\n\n#define CL_ASSERT(x) \\\n /*if(print_info) \\\n printf(x \"...\\n\"); */\\\n if(cl_stat !",
"= CL_SUCCESS) \\\n { \\\n /*fprintf(stderr, \"ERROR: \" x \" failed %d\\n\", cl_stat);*/ \\\n goto exception; \\\n }\n\nconst GLchar *vert_src = \"\\n\" \\\n\"#version 330 \\n\" \\\n\"#extension GL_ARB_explicit_attrib_location: enable \\n\" \\\n\" \\n\" \\\n\"layout(location = 0) in vec2 in_position; \\n\" \\\n\" \\n\" \\\n\"void main() \\n\" \\\n\"{ \\n\" \\\n\" gl_Position = vec4(in_position, 0.0, 1.0); \\n\" \\\n\"} \\n\";\n\nconst GLchar *frag_src = \"\\n\" \\\n\"void main (void) \\n\" \\\n\"{ \\n\" \\\n\" gl_FragColor = vec4(1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0); \\n\" \\\n\"} \\n\";\n\nconst char *cl_src = \"\\n\" \\\n\"typedef struct Point{ \\n\" \\\n\" float x; \\n\" \\\n\" float y; \\n\" \\\n\"} Point; \\n\" \\\n\" \\n\" \\\n\"__kernel void cl_func(__global Point* point) \\n\" \\\n\"{ \\n\" \\\n\" const int i = get_global_id(0); \\n\" \\\n\" const float d = 0.99; \\n\" \\\n\" \\n\" \\\n\" if(i>=3) \\n\" \\\n\" return; \\n\" \\\n\" \\n\" \\\n\" point[i].x = point[i].x * d; \\n\" \\\n\" point[i].y = point[i].y * d; \\n\" \\\n\"} \\n\";\n\nstruct cl\n{\n clu_object_stack* stack;\n\n cl_platform_id* platform;\n cl_uint num_platforms;\n\n cl_device_id* device;\n cl_uint num_devices;\n\n cl_context context;\n cl_context_properties properties[7];\n\n cl_command_queue queue;\n\n cl_program program;\n cl_kernel kernel;\n\n cl_mem buffer;\n} cl;\n\nstruct cl cl;\n\nGLuint gl_vao, gl_buffer, gl_program;\n\ncl_int init_cl(GtkGLArea *area)\n{\n cl_int cl_stat;\n\n cl.stack = cluCreateObjectStack(44);\n\n cl_stat = clGetPlatformIDs(0, NULL, &cl.num_platforms);\n CL_ASSERT(\"Got number of platforms\");\n\n cl.platform = malloc((size_t)cl.num_platforms * sizeof(cl_platform_id));\n cl_stat = clGetPlatformIDs(cl.num_platforms, cl.platform, NULL);\n CL_ASSERT(\"Got platforms\");\n\n cl_stat = clGetDeviceIDs(cl.platform[0], CL_DEVICE_TYPE_GPU, 0, NULL, &cl.num_devices);\n CL_ASSERT(\"Got number of devices\");\n printf(\"Number of GPU devices: %d\\n\", cl.num_devices);\n\n if(cl.num_devices == 0)\n {\n fprintf(stderr, \"Num devices cannot be 0\\n\");\n goto exception;\n }\n\n cl.device = malloc((size_t)cl.num_devices * sizeof(cl_device_id));\n cl_stat = clGetDeviceIDs(cl.platform[0], CL_DEVICE_TYPE_GPU, cl.num_devices, cl.device, NULL);\n CL_ASSERT(\"Got devices\");\n\n if(cl.device == NULL)\n {\n fprintf(stderr, \"Devices list is NULL\\n\");\n goto exception;\n }\n\n gtk_gl_area_make_current (area);\n cl.properties[0] = CL_GL_CONTEXT_KHR;\n cl.properties[1] = (cl_context_properties) glXGetCurrentContext();\n cl.properties[2] = CL_GLX_DISPLAY_KHR;\n cl.properties[3] = (cl_context_properties) glXGetCurrentDisplay();\n cl.properties[4] = CL_CONTEXT_PLATFORM;\n cl.properties[5] = (cl_context_properties) cl.platform[0];\n cl.properties[6] = 0;\n\n cl.context = cluCreateContext(cl.stack, cl.properties, cl.num_devices, cl.device, NULL, NULL, &cl_stat);\n CL_ASSERT(\"Created cl context\");\n\n cl.queue = cluCreateCommandQueue(cl.stack, cl.context, cl.device[0], 0, &cl_stat);\n CL_ASSERT(\"Created command queue\");\n\n cl.buffer = cluCreateFromGLBuffer(cl.stack, cl.context, CL_MEM_WRITE_ONLY, gl_buffer, NULL);\n CL_ASSERT(\"Created cl memory object from gl buffer\");\n\n cl.program = cluCreateProgramWithSource(cl.stack, cl.context, 1, (const char **)&cl_src, NULL, &cl_stat);\n CL_ASSERT(\"Created cl program object\");\n\n cl_stat = clBuildProgram(cl.program, cl.num_devices, cl.device, NULL, NULL, NULL);\n if(cl_stat !",
"= CL_SUCCESS)\n {\n size_t ret_size;\n clGetProgramBuildInfo(cl.program, cl.device[0], CL_PROGRAM_BUILD_LOG, 0, NULL, &ret_size);\n char e_str[ret_size];\n clGetProgramBuildInfo(cl.program, cl.device[0], CL_PROGRAM_BUILD_LOG, ret_size, e_str, &ret_size);\n printf(\"%s\\n\", e_str);\n }\n CL_ASSERT(\"Built cl program object\");\n\n cl.kernel = cluCreateKernel(cl.stack, cl.program, \"cl_func\", &cl_stat);\n CL_ASSERT(\"Created cl kernel object\");\n\n return 0;\nexception:\n return 1;\n}\n\nstatic gboolean realise(GtkGLArea *area, GdkGLContext *context);\nstatic gboolean render(GtkGLArea *area, GdkGLContext *context);\n\nint main(int argc, char** argv)\n{\n gtk_init(&argc, &argv);\n\n GtkWidget *window = gtk_window_new(GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL),\n *gl_area = gtk_gl_area_new();\n\n g_signal_connect(window, \"delete-event\", G_CALLBACK(gtk_main_quit), NULL);\n g_signal_connect(gl_area, \"realize\", G_CALLBACK(realise), NULL);\n g_signal_connect(gl_area, \"render\", G_CALLBACK(render), NULL);\n\n gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(window), gl_area);\n\n gtk_widget_show_all(window);\n\n gtk_main();\n\n cluFreeObjectStack(cl.stack);\n free(cl.platform);\n free(cl.device);\n\n return 0;\n}\n\nstatic gboolean realise(GtkGLArea *area, GdkGLContext *context)\n{\n IGNORE_VAR(GdkGLContext*, context);\n\n gtk_gl_area_make_current(GTK_GL_AREA(area));\n if (gtk_gl_area_get_error (GTK_GL_AREA(area)) !",
"= NULL)\n {\n printf(\"Failed to initialiize buffers\\n\");\n return FALSE;\n }\n\n GLfloat verts[] = \n {\n +0.0f, +1.0f,\n -1.0f, -1.0f,\n +1.0f, -1.0f,\n };\n\n GLuint frag_shader, vert_shader;\n frag_shader = glCreateShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);\n vert_shader = glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER);\n\n glShaderSource(frag_shader, 1, &frag_src, NULL);\n glShaderSource(vert_shader, 1, &vert_src, NULL);\n\n glCompileShader(frag_shader);\n glCompileShader(vert_shader);\n\n gl_program = glCreateProgram();\n glAttachShader(gl_program, frag_shader);\n glAttachShader(gl_program, vert_shader);\n glLinkProgram(gl_program);\n\n glGenBuffers(1, &gl_buffer);\n glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, gl_buffer);\n glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(verts), verts, GL_DYNAMIC_DRAW);\n\n glGenVertexArrays(1, &gl_vao);\n glBindVertexArray(gl_vao);\n\n glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);\n glVertexAttribPointer(0, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, (void*)0);\n glBindVertexArray(0);\n\n //glDeleteBuffers(1, &gl_buffer);\n if(init_cl(area))\n return FALSE;\n\n return TRUE;\n}\n\nstatic gboolean render(GtkGLArea *area, GdkGLContext *context)\n{\n IGNORE_VAR(GdkGLContext*, context);\n IGNORE_VAR(GtkGLArea*, area);\n cl_int cl_stat;\n\n glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);\n glClearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);\n\n glUseProgram(gl_program);\n glBindVertexArray(gl_vao);\n glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3);\n\n glBindVertexArray (0);\n glUseProgram (0);\n\n glFinish();\n\n cl_stat = clEnqueueAcquireGLObjects(cl.queue, 1, &cl.buffer, 0, NULL, NULL);\n CL_ASSERT(\"Acquiring GL objects\");\n\n cl_stat = clSetKernelArg(cl.kernel, 0, sizeof(cl_mem), (const void*)cl.buffer);\n CL_ASSERT(\"Set cl kernel arg\");\n\n //size_t g_sz[1] = { 32 };\n //cl_stat = clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(cl.queue, cl.kernel, 1, NULL, g_sz, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);\n cl_stat = clEnqueueTask(cl.queue, cl.kernel, 0, NULL, NULL);\n CL_ASSERT(\"Executing cl kernel\");\n cl_stat = clEnqueueReleaseGLObjects(cl.queue, 1, &cl.buffer, 0, NULL, NULL);\n CL_ASSERT(\"Releasing GL buffer\");\n clFinish(cl.queue);\n\n return TRUE;\n\nexception:\n return FALSE;\n}\n\nThe SConstruct\nimport os\n\nCFLAGS = '--std=c11 -g -Wall'\nENV = {'PATH':os.environ['PATH']}\n\nenv = Environment(CFLAGS=CFLAGS, ENV=ENV)\n\nif os.name is 'posix':\n env['ENV']['TERM'] = os.environ['TERM']\n env.",
"ParseConfig('pkg-config --cflags --libs gtk+-3.0')\n env.",
"Append(LIBS = ['epoxy', 'GL', 'OpenCL'])\n env.",
"Program(target='gl', source=['main.c', 'cl_utils.c'])\n\n# vim: set filetype=python:\n\ncl_utils.c\n#include <stdlib.h>\n#include <stdio.h>\n\n#include \"cl_utils.h\"\n\n#define FUNC __func__\n\n#define CL_ASSERT(object, label) \\\n if(!object) \\\n { \\\n fprintf(stderr, \"CL_ERROR: failed to create CL %s object: %d\\n\", #object, *cl_stat); \\\n goto label; \\\n } \\\n else \\\n { \\\n printf(\"CL_INFO: created cl_%s object\\n\", #object); \\\n }\n\n#define PLATFORM_INFO(_) \\\n _(PROFILE) \\\n _(VERSION) \\\n _(NAME) \\\n _(VENDOR) \\\n _(EXTENSIONS)\n\nconst char* space = \" \";\n\n#define TO_STRING(TYPE, ENUM, ...) [ENUM] = #TYPE,\nconst char* CLU_TYPE_STRING[] = { CLU_TABLE(TO_STRING) };\n#undef TO_STRING\n\n#define TO_STRING(x) [CL_PLATFORM_##x] = #x,\n\nconst char* platform_info_string[] = { PLATFORM_INFO(TO_STRING) };\n#undef TO_STRING\n\nconst char* clGetPlatformInfoString(cl_platform_info platform_info)\n{\n return platform_info_string[platform_info];\n}\n\ncl_int infoPlatforms(cl_platform_id* platforms, cl_int num_platforms, cl_platform_info* params, cl_int num_params)\n{\n cl_int cl_stat;\n size_t buffer_size = 10, buffer_ret_size = 0;\n char* buffer = (char*)malloc(buffer_size);\n\n for(cl_int i = 0; i < num_platforms; i++)\n {\n for(cl_int j = 0; j < num_params; j++)\n {\n cl_stat = clGetPlatformInfo(platforms[i], params[j], 0, NULL, &buffer_ret_size);\n\n if(cl_stat !",
"= CL_SUCCESS)\n {\n fprintf(stderr, \"ERROR: clGetPlatformInfo failed\\n\");\n goto end;\n }\n\n if(buffer_ret_size > buffer_size)\n {\n void* tmp = NULL;\n buffer_size = buffer_ret_size;\n tmp = realloc(buffer, buffer_size);\n if(tmp == NULL)\n {\n fprintf(stderr, \"ERROR: Could not realloc memory\\n\");\n perror(\"ERROR: \");\n goto end;\n }\n else\n buffer = (char*)tmp;\n }\n\n cl_stat = clGetPlatformInfo(platforms[i], params[j], buffer_size, buffer, &buffer_ret_size);\n\n if(cl_stat !",
"= CL_SUCCESS)\n {\n fprintf(stderr, \"ERROR: clGetPlatformInfo failed\\n\");\n goto end;\n }\n\n printf(\"%s: %s\\n\", clGetPlatformInfoString(params[j]), buffer);\n }\n printf(\"\\n\");\n }\n\nend:\n if(cl_stat !",
"= CL_SUCCESS)\n {\n printf(\"SENT TO ERROR HANDLER!\\n\");\n printf(\"CL_ERROR: %d\\n\", cl_stat);\n }\n\n free(buffer);\n\n if(cl_stat !",
"= CL_SUCCESS)\n return 1;\n\n return 0;\n}\n\nclu_object_stack* cluCreateObjectStack(int init_len)\n{\n clu_object_stack* stack = (clu_object_stack*)malloc(sizeof(clu_object_stack));\n stack->length = init_len;\n stack->num_objects = 0;\n stack->list = (clu_object*)malloc(sizeof(clu_object) * init_len);\n\n return stack;\n}\n\nvoid cluFreeObjectStack(clu_object_stack* stack)\n{\n cl_int ret = CL_SUCCESS;\n\n printf(\"Freeing stack: %p\\n\", stack);\n int i;\n for(i=stack->num_objects-1; i>=0; i--)\n {\n switch(stack->list[i].type)\n {\n #define TO_FREE(cl_type, ENUM, element, cluRelease) \\\n case ENUM: \\\n ret = cluRelease(stack->list[i].element); \\\n /*printf(\"Releasing \" #cl_type \"\\n\");*/ \\\n break;\n\n CLU_TABLE(TO_FREE)\n #undef TO_FREE\n\n default:\n printf(\"ERROR: Invalid or unsupported object type\\n\");\n break;\n }\n\n if(ret !",
"= CL_SUCCESS)\n {\n printf(\"Failed to release %s\\n\", CLU_TYPE_STRING[stack->list[i].type]);\n }\n }\n free(stack->list);\n free(stack);\n}\n\nint cluAssignToObjectGroup(struct clu_object_stack* stack, void* obj, cl_type type)\n{\n if(stack->num_objects >= stack->length)\n {\n printf(\"Stack Error\\n\");\n return -1;\n }\n\n stack->list[stack->num_objects].type = type;\n\n switch(type)\n {\n #define TO_ASSIGN(cl_type, ENUM, element, ...) \\\n case ENUM: \\\n stack->list[stack->num_objects].element=*(cl_type*)obj; \\\n /*printf(\"Assigning \" #cl_type \"\\n\");*/ \\\n break;\n\n CLU_TABLE(TO_ASSIGN)\n #undef TO_ASSIGN\n\n default:\n printf(\"cluAssignToObjectGroup Failed\\n\");\n break;\n }\n\n stack->num_objects++;\n\n return 0;\n}\n\ncl_context cluCreateContext(\n clu_object_stack *stack,\n cl_context_properties *properties,\n cl_uint num_devices,\n const cl_device_id *devices,\n pfn_notify func,\n void *user_data,\n cl_int* cl_stat)\n{\n\n cl_context context= clCreateContext(properties, num_devices, devices, func, user_data, cl_stat);\n\n if(context == 0)\n printf(\"Created ZERO value cl context\\n\");\n CL_ASSERT(context, error_ret);\n cluAssignToObjectGroup(stack, &context, CLU_CONTEXT);\n\nerror_ret:\n if(devices == NULL)\n fprintf(stderr, \"%2sdevices cannot be NULL\\n\", space);\n if(num_devices == 0)\n fprintf(stderr, \"%2snum_devices cannot be zero\\n\", space);\n if((func == NULL) && (user_data !",
"= NULL))\n fprintf(stderr, \"%2spfn_notify cannot be NULL when user_data is not NULL\\n\", space);\n\n return context;\n}\n\ncl_command_queue cluCreateCommandQueue(\n clu_object_stack *stack,\n cl_context context,\n cl_device_id device,\n cl_command_queue_properties properties,\n cl_int *cl_stat)\n{\n cl_command_queue queue = clCreateCommandQueue(context, device, properties, cl_stat);\n\n CL_ASSERT(queue, error_ret);\n cluAssignToObjectGroup(stack, &queue, CLU_COMMAND_QUEUE);\n\nerror_ret:\n return queue;\n}\n\ncl_mem cluCreateBuffer(\n clu_object_stack* stack,\n cl_context context,\n cl_mem_flags flags,\n size_t size,\n void *host_ptr,\n cl_int *cl_stat)\n{\n cl_mem buffer = clCreateBuffer(context, flags, size, host_ptr, cl_stat);\n\n CL_ASSERT(buffer, error_ret);\n cluAssignToObjectGroup(stack, &buffer, CLU_MEM_OBJECT);\n\nerror_ret:\n return buffer;\n}\n\ncl_program cluCreateProgramWithSource(\n clu_object_stack* stack, \n cl_context context,\n cl_uint count,\n const char **strings,\n const size_t *lengths,\n cl_int *cl_stat)\n{\n cl_program program = clCreateProgramWithSource(context, count, strings, lengths, cl_stat);\n\n CL_ASSERT(program, error_ret);\n cluAssignToObjectGroup(stack, &program, CLU_PROGRAM);\n\nerror_ret:\n return program;\n}\n\ncl_kernel cluCreateKernel(\n clu_object_stack* stack,\n cl_program program,\n const char *kernel_name,\n cl_int *cl_stat)\n{\n cl_kernel kernel = clCreateKernel(program, kernel_name, cl_stat);\n\n CL_ASSERT(kernel, error_ret);\n cluAssignToObjectGroup(stack, &kernel, CLU_KERNEL);\n\nerror_ret:\n return kernel;\n}\n\ncl_mem cluCreateFromGLBuffer(\n clu_object_stack* stack,\n cl_context context,\n cl_mem_flags flags,\n GLuint bufobj,\n cl_int* cl_stat)\n{\n cl_mem gl_buffer = clCreateFromGLBuffer(context, flags, bufobj, cl_stat);\n\n CL_ASSERT(gl_buffer, error_ret);\n cluAssignToObjectGroup(stack, &gl_buffer, CLU_MEM_OBJECT);\n\nerror_ret:\n return gl_buffer;\n}\n\ncl_utils.h\n#ifndef __CL_UTILS_H__\n#define __CL_UTILS_H__\n\n#ifdef __cplusplus\nextern \"C\" {\n#endif /* C++ */\n\n#include <stdarg.h>\n\n#if defined(__APPLE__) || defined(MACOSX)\n#include <OpenCL/opencl.h>\n#else\n#include <CL/opencl.h>\n#endif\n\n#include <epoxy/gl.h>\n\n#define CLU_TABLE(_) \\\n _(cl_context, CLU_CONTEXT, context, clReleaseContext) \\\n _(cl_command_queue, CLU_COMMAND_QUEUE, queue, clReleaseCommandQueue) \\\n _(cl_mem,CLU_MEM_OBJECT, mem_object, clReleaseMemObject) \\\n _(cl_program, CLU_PROGRAM, program, clReleaseProgram) \\\n _(cl_kernel, CLU_KERNEL, kernel, clReleaseKernel)\n\n#define TO_ENUM(cl_type, ENUM, ...) ENUM,\ntypedef enum cl_type{\n CLU_TABLE(TO_ENUM)\n} cl_type;\n#undef TO_ENUM\n\ntypedef void (*pfn_notify)(const char *errinfo, const void *private_info, size_t cb, void *user_data);\n\n//extern const char* CLU_TYPE_STRING[];\n\ntypedef struct clu_object clu_object;\n\nstruct clu_object{\n cl_type type;\n union{\n cl_context context;\n cl_command_queue queue;\n cl_mem mem_object;\n cl_program program;\n cl_kernel kernel;\n };\n};\n\ntypedef struct clu_object_stack{\n struct clu_object* list;\n int num_objects;\n int length;\n} clu_object_stack;\n\nconst char* clGetPlatformInfoString(cl_platform_info platform_info);\nint infoPlatforms(cl_platform_id* platforms, cl_int num_platforms, cl_platform_info* params, cl_int num_params);\n\nclu_object_stack* cluCreateObjectStack(int init_len);\nvoid cluFreeObjectStack(clu_object_stack* stack);\n\nint cluAssignToObjectGroup(struct clu_object_stack* stack, void* obj, cl_type type);\n\ncl_context cluCreateContext(\n clu_object_stack *stack,\n cl_context_properties *properties,\n cl_uint num_devices,\n const cl_device_id *devices,\n pfn_notify func,\n void *user_data,\n cl_int* cl_stat);\n\ncl_command_queue cluCreateCommandQueue(\n clu_object_stack* stack,\n cl_context context,\n cl_device_id device,\n cl_command_queue_properties properties,\n cl_int *cl_stat);\n\ncl_mem cluCreateBuffer(\n clu_object_stack* stack,\n cl_context context,\n cl_mem_flags flags,\n size_t size,\n void *host_ptr,\n cl_int * cl_stat);\n\ncl_program cluCreateProgramWithSource(\n clu_object_stack* stack, \n cl_context context,\n cl_uint count,\n const char **strings,\n const size_t *lengths,\n cl_int *cl_stat);\n\ncl_kernel cluCreateKernel(\n clu_object_stack* stack,\n cl_program program,\n const char *kernel_name,\n cl_int *cl_stat);\n\ncl_mem cluCreateFromGLBuffer(\n clu_object_stack* stack,\n cl_context context,\n cl_mem_flags flags,\n GLuint bufobj,\n cl_int* cl_stat);\n\n#ifdef __cplusplus\n}\n#endif /* C++ */\n\n#endif /* __CL_UTILS_H__ */\n\nA:\n\nFound the problem. ",
"The last argument of clSetKernelArg() requires a pointer to the mem object and I forgot to prepend the & operator.",
"\nSo this:\ncl_stat = clSetKernelArg(cl.kernel, 0, sizeof(cl_mem), (const void*)cl.buffer);\n\nbecomes this:\ncl_stat = clSetKernelArg(cl.kernel, 0, sizeof(cl_mem), (const void*)&cl.buffer);\n\nVery simple.",
"\n\n"
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[
"1. ",
"Field of the Invention\nThe present invention relates to a socket for an electrical part for detachably accommodating an electrical part such as a semiconductor device (hereinafter referred to “IC package”), and more particularly, a socket for an electrical part having a latch member to hold down (to press) the electrical part accommodated on the socket.",
"\n2. ",
"Description of the Related Art\nAs shown in FIGS. ",
"15 and 16, a conventional IC socket 1 is known as a “socket for electrical parts” of this kind, which can accommodate IC package (not shown) as an “electrical part.”",
"\nThe IC socket 1 comprises a socket body 2 having a base portion 3; a floating plate 4 disposed on a base portion 3 and urged upward by a spring 5, a floating plate 4 being vertically movable; and a plurality of spring-like contact pins 6 provided for the base portion 3 in a matrix-like arrangement, an upper end portion 6a of a contact pin 6 being inserted into a through hole 4a of the floating plate 4.",
"\nOppositely provided at a right and left portion of the socket body 2 are a pair of latch members 7, which are each attached rotatably to the socket body 2 through rotational shafts 7a. ",
"The latch member 7 is urged by a torsional coil spring 8 toward an opening direction thereof.",
"\nIn addition, on the socket body 2, an operation member 9 is provided and guided vertically by a guide pin 2a. ",
"The operation member 9 is urged upwardly by a coil spring 10.",
"\nFurthermore, the latch member 7 is engaged with an engaging shaft 9a provided on the operation member 9. ",
"The engaging shaft 9a is structured to rotationally move the latch member 7 in a closing direction thereof against an urging force of the torsional coil spring 8, when the operation member 9 is moved upwardly.",
"\nIn such a socket mentioned above, when the operation member 9 is moved downwardly, the latch member 7 is rotationally moved to open by the urging force of the torsional coil spring 8 and then the IC package is accommodated on the floating plate 4. ",
"Then, with the operation member being moved upwardly, a rear end portion 7b of the latch member 7 is pushed up by the engaging shaft 9a of the operation member 9. ",
"And at the same time, a front end portion 7c of the latch member 7 pushes an upper surface of the IC package, thereby electrically connecting each of a plurality of terminals provided on a lower surface of the IC package with each of the contact pins 6.",
"\nHowever, in such a conventional socket mentioned above, the latch member 7 must be retracted from a region into which the IC package is inserted, in order to accommodate the IC package. ",
"Therefore, there have been a problem that it is necessary to secure a space for rotational movement of the latch member 7 and also to make the amount of vertical movement of the operation member 9 larger because the amount of the rotational movement of the latch member 7 must be made larger.",
"\nFurthermore, the front end portion 7c of the latch member 7 presses the IC package by making use of the “principle of leverage,” that is, by pressing the rear end portion 7b of the latch member 7 with the engaging shaft 9a of the operation member 9, therefore the distance L between a center of rotation of the latch member 7 and the rear end portion 7b becomes longer consequently, resulting in making the entire size of the IC socket 1 larger, being inconvenient."
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[
"Analysis of skin deformation profiles during sinusoidal vibration of fingerpad.",
"\nVibrotactile perception threshold measurement has been widely used to diagnose the severity of peripheral neuropathy associated with hand-arm vibration syndrome and sensory losses in stroke and diabetic patients. ",
"The vibration perception threshold is believed to be influenced by many factors, such as contact force and vibration frequency. ",
"The present study is intended to analyze, theoretically, the time-dependent deformation profile of skin surface, strain distributions within soft tissue, and response force of a fingertip when it is stimulated by a probe vibrating with a sinusoidal movement. ",
"A two-dimensional finite element model, which incorporates the essential anatomical structures of a finger: skin, subcutaneous tissue, bone, and nail, has been proposed to analyze the effects of vibration amplitude, frequency, and preindentation on the dynamic interaction between the fingerpad and vibrating probe. ",
"The simulation results suggest that the fraction of time over which the skin separates from the probe during vibration increases with increasing vibration frequency and amplitude, and decreases with increased preindentation of the probe. ",
"The preindentation of the probe has been found to significantly reduce the trend of skin/probe decoupling. ",
"The simulation results show reasonably consistent trends with the reported experimental data."
] | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
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"Time and Tide (Split Enz album)\n\nTime and Tide is the seventh album by New Zealand new wave band Split Enz, released in 1982. \"",
"Dirty Creature\" was the album's lead single, followed by \"Six Months in a Leaky Boat\". ",
" Both were hits in Australia, reaching #6 and #2, with the album reaching #1. ",
"Time and Tide also topped the album charts in New Zealand. ",
"The third single issued in New Zealand was \"Hello Sandy Allen\" (written about the world's tallest woman), while \"Never Ceases to Amaze Me\" was released in Australia. ",
"Its video was shot in a zoo and featured Tim Finn with an afro; the band now considers the shoot embarrassing.",
"\n\nThe song \"Fire Drill\", recorded for Time and Tide, was eventually left off the final release and instead became a b-side. ",
"The band opened many live shows with the song in the year of the album's release. ",
"A number of copies of Time and Tide in the UK featured a remixed version of the band's earlier release Frenzy.",
"\n\nThe album was re-released in 2006 along with all of Split Enz's studio album catalogue. ",
"Some albums were rearranged, reordered or adjusted; Time and Tide, however, was left unchanged.",
"\n\nTrack listing\n \"Dirty Creature\" (Neil Finn, Tim Finn & Nigel Griggs) – 4:02\n \"Giant Heartbeat\" (N. Finn & Griggs) – 3:57\n \"Hello Sandy Allen\" (N. Finn) – 3:51\n \"Never Ceases to Amaze Me\" (T. Finn) – 3:06\n \"Lost for Words\" (N. Finn, T. Finn & Griggs) – 3:02\n \"Small World\" (T. Finn) – 3:37\n \"Take a Walk\" (N. Finn) – 3:37\n \"Pioneer\" (Eddie Rayner) – 1:32\n \"Six Months in a Leaky Boat\" (T. Finn & Split Enz) – 4:21\n \"Haul Away\" (T. Finn) – 2:27\n \"Log Cabin Fever\" (N. Finn) – 4:36\n \"Make Sense of It\" (Noel Crombie, T. Finn, N. Finn, Griggs & Rayner) – 3:40\n\nCharts\n\nWeekly charts\n\nYear-end charts\n\nPersonnel\n\nSplit Enz\n Tim Finn – vocals, piano\n Neil Finn – vocals, guitar\n Noel Crombie – drums, percussion\n Nigel Griggs – bass\n Eddie Rayner – keyboards, percussion\n\nTechnical & Art\n Produced by Hugh Padgham and Split Enz\n Recorded in Sydney, Australia for Enz Productions\n Engineered by Hugh Padgham. ",
"Assisted by David Price\n Mixed by Hugh Padgham and Split Enz\n Mastered by Ian Cooper and Howard Grey at Townhouse Studios, UK\n Art Direction: Jeff Ayeroff\n Cover design and photos by Noel Crombie\n\nRoad Tools Inc\nLive tour roadcrew for the Time and Tide tour.",
"\n John Farrelly\n Steve Swift\n Raewyn Turner\n Jem Rayner\n Wayne Rafferty\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \nEnzology - Episode 8: Time and Tide (Radio New Zealand National)\n\nCategory:Split Enz albums\nCategory:1982 albums\nCategory:Albums produced by Hugh Padgham\nCategory:Mushroom Records albums"
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"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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[
"Q:\n\nShow all One2Many model field in tree view - Odoo 11.0\n\nI have two model: \nclass Requisition(models.",
"Model):\n '''\n This module is responsible for all of the requisition related operations.",
"\n '''\n\n _name = 'mir.requisition'\n _description = 'Mir Requisition'\n\n name = fields.",
"Char('Requisition Name', required=True)\n company_id = fields.",
"Many2one('res.company', string='Company')\n requisition_line_ids = fields.",
"One2many('mir.requisition.line', 'requisition_id', string='Requisition Line')\n\nclass RequisitionLine(models.",
"Model):\n '''\n This module is responsible for all of the requisition line item related operations.",
"\n '''\n _name = 'mir.requisition.line'\n _description = 'Mir Requisition Line'\n\n product_id = fields.",
"Many2one(\n 'product.product', 'Product', required=True)\n product_qty = fields.",
"Float(\n 'Quantity',\n digits=dp.get_precision('Product Unit of Measure'), default=0, required=True)\n product_uom_id = fields.",
"Many2one(\n 'product.uom', 'Unit of Measure',\n oldname='product_uom', required=True)\n delivery_date = fields.",
"Date(string='Delivery Date', required=True)\n delivery_location = fields.",
"Many2one('stock.location', 'Warehouse Location', required=True)\n requisition_id = fields.",
"Many2one('mir.requisition', string='Mir Requisition Reference', index=True, ondelete='cascade')\n status = fields.",
"Selection([\n ('draft', 'Draft'),\n ('in_progress', 'In Progress'),\n ('approved', 'Approved'),\n ('cancel', 'Cancel'),\n ], 'draft')\n\n @api.onchange('product_id')\n def _product_onchange(self):\n product = self.product_id\n self.product_uom_id = self.product_id.uom_id.id\n return {'domain': {'product_uom': [('category_id', '=', product.uom_id.category_id.id)]}}\n\nand view is: \n <!",
"--Requisition Tree View-->\n <record id=\"mir_requisition_tree\" model=\"ir.ui.view\">\n <field name=\"name\">Requisition</field>\n <field name=\"model\">mir.requisition</field>\n <field name=\"arch\" type=\"xml\">\n <tree string=\"Requisition\">\n <field name=\"name\"/>\n <field name=\"company_id\"/>\n <field name=\"create_uid\" string=\"Created By\"/>\n <field name=\"create_date\" string=\"Created Date\"/>\n </tree>\n </field>\n </record>\n\nCurrently this view showing data form parent model mir.requisition. ",
"But i want to display both model data in a single view. ",
"Any help will be appreciated. ",
"\n\nA:\n\nYou should take a look the invoice_form definition, it works with 'account.invoice' and 'account.invoice.line' models. ",
"Its something like this:\n<!",
"--Requisition Tree View-->\n<record id=\"mir_requisition_tree\" model=\"ir.ui.view\">\n <field name=\"name\">Requisition</field>\n <field name=\"model\">mir.requisition</field>\n <field name=\"arch\" type=\"xml\">\n <form string=\"Requisition\">\n <field name=\"name\"/>\n <field name=\"company_id\"/>\n <field name=\"create_uid\" string=\"Created By\"/>\n <field name=\"create_date\" string=\"Created Date\"/>\n <field name=\"requisition_line_ids\" nolabel=\"1\" widget=\"one2many_list\" >\n <tree string=\"Requisition Lines\" editable=\"bottom\">\n <!-- '",
"mir.requisition.line' fields -->\n </tree>\n </field>\n </form>\n </field>\n</record>\n\nI hope this answer can be helful for you.",
"\n\n"
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[
"\"The great season they had was with two strikers and how they got them into the team is down to the manager. ",
"They've got a lot of strikers, no wide players, and he continues to play 4-3-3.\""
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[
"Q:\n\nHow do I close the scanner while using in array?",
"\n\nimport java.util.",
"Scanner;\n\n//This is a program to do array functions in java\npublic class Array {\n public static void line() {\n System.out.println(\"------------------------------------------------------\");\n }\n public static void main(final String[] args) {\n final int[] z = new int[10];// taking array variable\n // taking constant inputs in the z array\n int i;\n Scanner s= new Scanner(System.in);\n System.out.println(\"Enter The array values\");\n for(i=0;i<10;i++){\n z[i]=s.nextInt();\n line();\n }\n s.close();\n line();\n //now printing the array elements\n for(i=0;i<10;i++){\n System.out.println(\"value of \"+z[i]+\"=\");\n }\n\n }\n}\n\nAbove is the code, I am always getting the error given below:\n{\n \"message\": \"Resource leak: 's' is never closed\",\n \"source\": \"Java\",\n \"startLineNumber\": 12,\n \"startColumn\": 17,\n \"endLineNumber\": 12,\n \"endColumn\": 18\n}\n\nI tried closing the scanner as you can see but the problem still persist.",
"Maybe I am doing somewhere wrong.",
"\n\nA:\n\nBe very wary closing that Scanner, because that will also close System.in. ",
"In this case, the tool you are using has decided there is at least one code path where you fail to close the Scanner. ",
"In this case, Scanner.nextInt() might throw any of InputMismatchException, NoSuchElementException or IllegalStateException (or you might exceed the array bounds, static analysis is tricky).",
"\nThe old way to be certain that you still closed the Scanner was a finally block. ",
"Like,\nScanner s = null;\ntry {\n s = new Scanner(System.in);\n System.out.println(\"Enter The array values\");\n for(i=0;i<10;i++){\n z[i]=s.nextInt(); // <-- could throw any of the 3 exceptions.",
"\n line();\n }\n} finally {\n s.close();\n}\nline();\n//now printing the array elements\nfor(i=0;i<10;i++){\n System.out.println(\"value of \"+z[i]+\"=\");\n}\n\nBut the better newer way is called a try-with-Resources Statement. ",
"Like,\ntry (Scanner s = new Scanner(System.in)) {\n System.out.println(\"Enter The array values\");\n for(i=0;i<10;i++){\n z[i]=s.nextInt();\n line();\n }\n}\nline();\n//now printing the array elements\nfor(i=0;i<10;i++){\n System.out.println(\"value of \"+z[i]+\"=\");\n}\n\n"
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"Split [12 inch] (2008)\n\nThursday splitting an LP with Envy is both confounding and sensible in a number of ways, but the \"why\"s we can let be determined by others. ",
"The fact of the matter is, the opportunity to hear new material from either band is one to relish, especially given Thursday's newfound independence and Envy's increasingly progressive idea of the places both post-rock and traditional screamo can go.",
"\n\nThursday's side spreads out a conceptual idea over four tracks. ",
"One attentive glance of the titles and a full sentence is revealed: \"As He Climbed the Dark Mountain\" \"In Silence\" \"An Absurd and Unrealistic Dream of Peace\" \"Appeared and Was Gone\". ",
"The first of these is one of the split's best tracks, if not its best. \"",
"Mountain\" is relatively in line with the new songs that appeared on last year's Kill the House Lights compilation; it opens with four seconds of off-time drum slams and quasi-octave riffs, then offsets Geoff Rickly's pained singing with intermittent frantic yells and screams. ",
"Rickly's slight increase in pitch for the anguished line of \"as he climbed the highest peak of the dark mountain\" matches the imagery perfectly, and also makes for a wonderful high point, no pun intended. ",
"The appropriately titled \"In Silence\" is a full instrumental track in the vein of Godspeed You! ",
"Black Emperor and Mogwai, and wastes no time ushering in climactic waves of both shimmering and distorted guitars. ",
"The pictures painted in \"Dream of Peace\" oddly evoke memories of Full Collapse with the band's newer lyrical path; \"From the fields of the burning wheat / to the corners of the black arcades. / ",
"We hold our hopes with cigarettes / then we leave them dying in the grass.\" ",
"The melodies in here are a little off-kilter to work their full potential, but the song's rather dark strokes are brushed wonderfully, and rarely has keyboardist Andrew Everding given a song such a perfectly fitted touch. \"",
"Appeared and Was Gone\" is merely a remix of \"In Silence\" done by Mercury Rev's Anthony Molina, but he does so much with the song that it's transformed into another whole beast, with greater flourishes of electronic blips that are never overbearing, and rather accentuate its direction well. ",
"He throws in creepy, indecipherable whispering and giggling towards the end, too. ",
"In other words, Thursday's side here is pretty great.",
"\n\nEnvy's 2006 album Insomniac Doze found the band putting a much greater emphasis on filling their lengthy passages with restraint and atmosphere. ",
"It made perfect sense when one met their new roommates at Temporary Residence (namely, Mono and Explosions in the Sky). ",
"But then, the more recent Abyssal EP seemed to harken back to 2003's more intense A Dead Sinking Story, only brighter, more melodic and with better production. ",
"What may have confused fans even more was their most recent release: a split with Jesu, where (in this reviewer's opinion) they produced some of their best material to date in the form of absolutely devastating, comparatively compact and surprisingly varied moments that explored their incredible lows and highs better than they have in some time. ",
"So where does this particular release find Envy? ",
"Stylistically, somewhere between Insomniac Doze and that Jesu split (but not necessarily Abyssal); these songs only average out to a little over five minutes apiece (Doze ran a little over eight per track), so they've definitely got the economical factor going for them once again. ",
"But at times they express dark, restrained moods in a much quieter and minimal fashion than the Jesu split, and their aggressive fits come much more immediately. \"",
"An Umbrella Fallen Into Fiction\" opens their side as quietly as possible, with gentle riffs, frugal electronic sequencing and simple spoken word making up its first four minutes. ",
"Then the payoff comes, with clenched-eye, lower-end screams on Tetsuya Fukagawa's part and guitars crashing into the foreground. ",
"The programming at the end resembles calculated drips from a faucet. ",
"A more energetic motive comes at the start of \"Isolation of a Light Source,\" and you can tell things will be less subtle here; the band consistently offer a bold thrust of choking sound, but Fukagawa alternates between lashing growls and muffled speech. ",
"Closer \"Pure Birth and Loneliness\" is a spiraling, dainty composition cribbing EITS's sparkliness a bit, but quickly favors Envy's own semi-famous juxtaposition of beauty and desperation in one of its more becoming examples. ",
"Overall, Envy's side here is very good -- maybe slightly above Insomniac Doze, but not necessarily as good as Abyssal and certainly nowhere near the Jesu split or A Dead Sinking Story.",
"\n\nThe pairing of such talented and respected bands has resulted in something that, while clearly accomplished, certainly cohesive and an impressive listen overall, perhaps falls a little short of its potential. ",
"But the package that's presented provides an essential experience for fans and enough reason to pull in those on the fringe."
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[
"1. ",
"Introduction {#sec1-cancers-12-01984}\n===============\n\nWorldwide, breast carcinoma (BC) remains one of the most serious health problems. ",
"The global annual incidence of reported BC cases is about 1,700,000. ",
"It is expected that incidence and mortality rates will increase significantly in the next 5--10 years \\[[@B1-cancers-12-01984]\\]. ",
"Up to now, the median survival time in the advanced stage cohorts is still low (median survival time: 24 months) \\[[@B2-cancers-12-01984]\\]. ",
"In developing countries, the BC rates are disproportionately high, and are estimated to increase to 55% in incidence, and to 58% in mortality, in the next 20 years \\[[@B3-cancers-12-01984]\\]. ",
"BC is a heterogeneous entity, varying in hormone receptor status and expressions of human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2) \\[[@B4-cancers-12-01984]\\]. ",
"These markers, together with proliferation (as determined by ki67 expression or mitotic counts) and HER2 are used to assign BC to subtypes, and to predict the response to targeted therapies.",
"\n\nAdditionally, BC can be classified according to gene expression analysis into four major molecular subtypes, namely luminal A, luminal B, HER2-enriched, and basal like \\[[@B5-cancers-12-01984],[@B6-cancers-12-01984]\\]. ",
"From formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) BC samples, one can directly determine the four original subtypes, by applying a multigene assay i.e., the pam50 gene expression signature \\[[@B7-cancers-12-01984]\\]. ",
"However, in clinical pathological diagnosis, we usually apply immunohistochemistry (IHC) to distinguish the four subtypes, by determining the status of the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), HER2 and Ki67 in BC tissue. ",
"The different expression status of these four parameters can used to be catalogued the subtypes. ",
"Luminal A-like subtype (approximate 40%) displays ER+ or PR+, or both, HER2− and low Ki67; luminal B-like subtype (approximate 40%) shows ER+ or PR+, or both, HER2− and high Ki67; HER2 subtype is divided into non-luminal (HER2+ and ER− and PR− (or luminal (HER2+ and ER+ or PR+, or both); basal-like subtype (HER2− and ER− and PR−, also called triple negative breast cancer). ",
"Up to now, at least ten different molecular subtypes have been identified using gene copy number and expression analyses \\[[@B8-cancers-12-01984]\\]. ",
"These molecular subtypes are then used to guide systemic therapy for BC.",
"\n\nBC subtypes differ markedly in prognosis and in the therapeutic treatment. ",
"BC patients are usually treated by combination therapies of surgery, endocrine therapy, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. ",
"ER-positive BC patients are usually treated with five years of adjuvant endocrine therapy (Tamoxifen for premenopausal women or aromatase inhibitor or a combination of both after menopause). ",
"For preventing relapse in hormone-positive BC, patients might accept an extended endocrine therapy beyond five years \\[[@B9-cancers-12-01984]\\]. ",
"Targeted therapy has substantially contributed to progress in BC therapy. ",
"Correspondingly, improved personalized treatments have minimized the side effects and improved overall survival rates. ",
"However, there is an annual increase in resistance rates to targeted drugs, depending on intra-tumor heterogeneity, adaptive processes and the patient's genetic variation \\[[@B3-cancers-12-01984]\\]. ",
"Even when targeted therapeutic strategies are applied, all breast cancer types might confront the oncologist with developing drug resistance. ",
"BC could resist multiple treatment strategies, such as chemotherapy, endocrine therapy or monoclonal antibody therapy. ",
"Hence, the current available targeted therapies are often limited.",
"\n\nEukaryotic gene expression is mainly regulated at the level of transcription and translation. ",
"The deterioration of protein biosynthesis, divided into initiation, elongation, termination and ribosomal recycling, leads to an abnormal cellular proteome that can cause uncontrolled cell growth, as far as carcinogenesis is concerned \\[[@B10-cancers-12-01984]\\]. ",
"Of the four stages of the translational cascade, initiation is the pivotal rate-limiting step. ",
"The eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) act as protein complexes called eIF1, eIF2, eIF3, eIF4, eIF5 and eIF6.",
"\n\nIndeed, previous research has shown that the dysregulation of several eIFs are related to carcinogenesis and cancer progression \\[[@B11-cancers-12-01984],[@B12-cancers-12-01984],[@B13-cancers-12-01984],[@B14-cancers-12-01984],[@B15-cancers-12-01984]\\]. ",
"In this review, we will emphasize the contribution of eIFs to breast carcinogenesis, and provide a theoretical basis for new-targeted therapies.",
"\n\n2. ",
"Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factors in Breast Cancer {#sec2-cancers-12-01984}\n=============================================================\n\n2.1. ",
"Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 1 (eIF1) {#sec2dot1-cancers-12-01984}\n------------------------------------------------------\n\n*eIF1* was identified as product of a damage-induced cDNA termed A121 \\[[@B16-cancers-12-01984]\\], indicating that genotoxic stress could modulate translation initiation via *eIF1*. ",
"eIF1 is composed of 113 amino acid (AA) and highly conserved from bacteria to humans. ",
"eIF1a is a 144 AA long protein encoded on chromosome X. By changing the structure of the mRNA-binding of initiation complex to the first AUG initiation codon, both of them are required in translation initiation and mRNA screening. ",
"The function of eIF1 and eIF1a is synergistic; both are required for 48S complex assembly and binding at the initiation codon \\[[@B17-cancers-12-01984]\\]. ",
"Little is known about eIF1 and eIF1a in the carcinogenesis of BC.",
"\n\nEIF1AX mutations are common in advanced thyroid cancers, accompanied by a simultaneous occurrence of RAS mutations. ",
"The cooperation of EIF1AX and RAS mutations can induce the formation of tumors in mice \\[[@B18-cancers-12-01984]\\]. ",
"The co-occurrence and subsequent co-expression of mutant NRAS and EIF1AX promoted proliferation and survival in ovarian low grade serous carcinomas \\[[@B19-cancers-12-01984]\\]. ",
"In breast cancer, about 2.4% and 0.9% of cases were reported to have genomic alterations for eif1 or eif1ax, respectively \\[[@B20-cancers-12-01984]\\].",
"\n\n2.2. ",
"Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 2 (eIF2) {#sec2dot2-cancers-12-01984}\n------------------------------------------------------\n\neIF2 is composed of three subunits: eIF2α, β and γ ([Figure 1](#cancers-12-01984-f001){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ",
"DNA damage, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and stress occurring in the tumor microenvironment, can lead to the phosphorylation of the eIF2α subunit on Ser51, thereby reducing the level of active eIF2 \\[[@B21-cancers-12-01984]\\]. ",
"Although multiple stresses can result in eIF2α phosphorylation, the cellular outcome is not always the same. ",
"Phosphorylation of eIF2α (eIF2α-p) is catalyzed by four kinases (eIF2AKs): double stranded RNA-activated kinase (PKR) \\[[@B22-cancers-12-01984]\\], PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), general control non-repressed 2 (GCN2) kinase \\[[@B23-cancers-12-01984]\\] and heme-regulated inhibitor (HRI) \\[[@B24-cancers-12-01984]\\]. ",
"All of the above are referred to as the integrated stress response (ISR) ([Figure 1](#cancers-12-01984-f001){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ",
"Increased phospho-eIF2α not only leads to the mRNA translation initiation inhibition, but also facilitates the translation of selected mRNAs, which encode proteins participated in the process of adaptation to stress \\[[@B25-cancers-12-01984]\\].",
"\n\nThe PKR/eIF2α-P displays anti-tumor effects and can suppress HER2+ BC growth in mice \\[[@B26-cancers-12-01984]\\] ([Figure 1](#cancers-12-01984-f001){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ",
"Trastuzumab can induce the PKR/eIF2α-P and its downstream anti-tumor pathways, in sensitive but not resistant HER2+ BC. ",
"For the overall survival rate of HER2+ BC patients treated with Trastuzumab-based chemotherapy, an increased level of eIF2α-P can act as an independent positive prognostic marker \\[[@B25-cancers-12-01984]\\]. ",
"As the stimulation of eIF2α phosphorylation by the phosphatase inhibitor (SAL003) can improve the efficacy of Trastuzumab, it might be a potential biomarker for its effectiveness \\[[@B25-cancers-12-01984]\\] ([Figure 1](#cancers-12-01984-f001){ref-type=\"fig\"}).",
"\n\nPrevious research has indicated that diet-driven IFN-γ could promote the malignant transformation of primary bovine mammary epithelial cells through accelerating arginine depletion \\[[@B27-cancers-12-01984]\\]. ",
"Subsequently, Ren et al. ",
"reported that, on account of arginine addition, eIF2α was involved in the inhibition of malignant transformation of mammary epithelial cells. ",
"The NF-κB-GCN2/eIF2α pathway can alleviate malignant transformation in IFN-γ-induced mammary epithelial cells through reducing the ability of cell proliferation, migration and colony formation \\[[@B26-cancers-12-01984]\\].",
"\n\nAs a highly conserved pathway, the unfolded protein response (UPR) allows cells to react to ER stress imposed by environmental forces \\[[@B28-cancers-12-01984]\\]. ",
"By transcriptional activating XBP1, the UPR allows cells to adapt to environmental stress through the restauration of protein folding homeostasis, by phosphorylating eIF2alpha and increasing the capacities of ER protein-folding and degradation. ",
"The UPR includes three parallel pathways: PKR-like ER kinase (PERK)--eIF2α pathway; inositol-requiring protein 1α (IRE1α)--X-box binding protein 1(XBP1) pathway ([Figure 1](#cancers-12-01984-f001){ref-type=\"fig\"}); and ATF 6α pathway \\[[@B29-cancers-12-01984]\\]. ",
"The PERK--eIF2α pathway in tumors may participate in tumor cells, in deciding whether survival or apoptosis is caused by ER stress, also promoting or inhibiting malignant transformation \\[[@B30-cancers-12-01984]\\]. ",
"In recent research, G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER)-specific agonist G1 could induce ER stress in the estrogen receptor positive BC cell line (MCF-7). ",
"The mechanism was correlated with G1-induced Ca^2+^ efflux from the ER, which results in the activation of UPR. ",
"The pro-survival UPR signaling was activated by GRP78 and a translational decrease was indicated by eIF2α phosphorylation. ",
"The pro-death UPR signaling was also activated, indicated by PERK-p induced JNK-p and IRE1α-p, and finally triggering the phosphorylation of CAMKII. ",
"Ultimately, the ER Ca^2+^ decrease is responsible for G1 induced cell death by pro-death UPR signaling \\[[@B31-cancers-12-01984]\\].",
"\n\nStress can promote the expression of MBP-1 through the AKT/PERK/eIF2α signaling pathway. ",
"During this signal transduction, PERK is negatively regulated by AKT-dependent T799-phosphorylation. ",
"Inactivated PERK does not phosphorylate eIF2α \\[[@B13-cancers-12-01984]\\] ([Figure 1](#cancers-12-01984-f001){ref-type=\"fig\"}), which consequently leads to a decrease of phospho eIF2α. ",
"Treating cells with PI3K-AKT inhibitors can induce ER stress, resulting in AKT-p down-regulation and the activation of PERK kinase and the phosphorylation of eIF2a \\[[@B13-cancers-12-01984]\\]. ",
"All the points mentioned above support the connection between the active/inactive states of AKT, PERK-mediated eIF2a phosphorylation and MBP-1 expression \\[[@B32-cancers-12-01984],[@B33-cancers-12-01984]\\].",
"\n\nThe eIF2α-mediated Rac1 pathway also participates in proliferation and survival of tumor cells. ",
"Blocking eIF2α dephosphorylation can alter cell proliferation and differentiation via the regulation of Rac1 \\[[@B13-cancers-12-01984]\\]. ",
"The phosphatase inhibitors salubrinal and guanabenz, which cause increased phospho-eIF2α, can inhibit human triple negative BC cell lines (4T1 and MDA-MB-231), in terms of proliferation, cell survival, invasion and motility. ",
"An in vivo assay also revealed that the subcutaneous administration of salubrinal could reduce the tumor volume and weight induced using BALB/c mice injected with 4T1 cells. ",
"These results indicate that these phosphatase inhibitors can decrease the tumor growth of BC cells through the eIF2α-mediated Rac1 pathway. ",
"Because of an additional inhibition of bone resorption by salubrinal and guanabenz, these results suggest that eIF2α-mediated Rac1 regulation can be useful for suppressing the growth and metastasis of BC \\[[@B13-cancers-12-01984]\\] ([Figure 1](#cancers-12-01984-f001){ref-type=\"fig\"}).",
"\n\n![",
"Eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2) consists of the α, β and γ subunit. ",
"The kinases double stranded RNA-activated kinase (PKR) \\[[@B22-cancers-12-01984]\\], PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), general control non-repressed 2 (GCN2) \\[[@B23-cancers-12-01984]\\] and heme-regulated inhibitor (HRI) \\[[@B24-cancers-12-01984]\\] can phosphorylate eIF2α during a stress response. ",
"Environmental stress and PI3K-AKT inhibitors are able to down-regulate AKT-p-T799 and to activate PERK \\[[@B13-cancers-12-01984]\\]. ",
"SAL003 can improve the efficiency of Trastuzumab, and Trastuzumab can stimulate PKR \\[[@B25-cancers-12-01984]\\]. ",
"eIF2α-p leads to an inhibition of the translation initiation \\[[@B26-cancers-12-01984]\\] and can inhibit HER2+. ",
"Stress induces the expression of X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) of the unfolded protein response (UPR) \\[[@B29-cancers-12-01984]\\], by phosphorylating eIF2α, which results in protein refolding and degradation. ",
"Salubrinal and Guanabenz can inhibit the dephosphorylation of eIF2α-p.](cancers-12-01984-g001){#cancers-12-01984-f001}\n\n2.3. ",
"Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 3 (eIF3) {#sec2dot3-cancers-12-01984}\n------------------------------------------------------\n\nThe eIF3 complex comprises at least six core subunits, of which 50% are well conserved in evolution (eIF3a, eIF3b, eIF3c), whereas 50% are not (eIF3e, eIF3f, eIF3h) \\[[@B17-cancers-12-01984]\\] ([Figure 2](#cancers-12-01984-f002){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ",
"The eIF3 complex takes over different tasks that are not specifically designated to its single subunits during translation initiation. ",
"Furthermore, eIF3 is also important and required for IRES (intergenic ribosome entry site)-dependent translation initiation \\[[@B34-cancers-12-01984]\\] ([Figure 2](#cancers-12-01984-f002){ref-type=\"fig\"}).",
"\n\nMoreover, 37% of BC showed reduced eIF3e expression compared to the stromal tissue \\[[@B35-cancers-12-01984]\\]. ",
"Besides inducing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), the down-regulation of eIF3e expression was found to result in a repression of cap-dependent translation ([Figure 2](#cancers-12-01984-f002){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ",
"The combination of transcriptional and translational regulation is involved in EMT in cells with reduced eIF3e expression \\[[@B36-cancers-12-01984]\\].",
"\n\nAccording to Cuesta et al. ",
"\\[[@B37-cancers-12-01984]\\] ER-positive BC cells have a lower level of eIF3f, compared with ER-negative cells. ",
"The authors stated that the low eIF3f level was required for proliferation and survival of ER-positive cells such as MCF-7. ",
"The eIF3f expression is tightly controlled by ERα at the transcriptional and translational level ([Figure 2](#cancers-12-01984-f002){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ",
"Estrogen can activate the mTORC1 pathway to regulate translation and to enhance the binding of eIF3 to the eIF4F complex ([Figure 2](#cancers-12-01984-f002){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ",
"Finally, it facilitates the assembly of 48 S pre-initiation complex and protein synthesis. ",
"Referring to the proliferation and survival of ER-positive BC cells, the estrogen-ERα-mediated control of eIF3f expression deserves to be a scientific focus. ",
"This might provide a rational for new therapies for ER-positive BC \\[[@B37-cancers-12-01984]\\]. ",
"Moreover, decreased eIF3c can also suppress proliferation and stimulate apoptosis in BC cell line via the mTOR pathway \\[[@B38-cancers-12-01984]\\] ([Figure 2](#cancers-12-01984-f002){ref-type=\"fig\"}).",
"\n\nEarlier studies found that the elevation of eIF3h could stimulate protein synthesis. ",
"Lili Zhang et al. ",
"investigated the effect of over-expression of eIF3h on protein synthesis, to figure out the function of eIF3h in different BC cell lines. ",
"The tight correlation of high level of eIF3h with the stimulation of protein synthesis suggested that eIF3h plays an important role in regulating protein translation. ",
"Hence, like eIF4E and eIF4G, eIF3h also affects protein synthesis and tumor aggressiveness \\[[@B39-cancers-12-01984]\\] ([Figure 2](#cancers-12-01984-f002){ref-type=\"fig\"}).",
"\n\n![",
"eIF3 consists of the conserved eIF3a, eIF3b, eiF3c and the less conserved eIF3e, eIF3f, eIF3h subunits \\[[@B17-cancers-12-01984]\\]. ",
"eIF3 is required for IRES \\[[@B34-cancers-12-01984]\\]. ",
"eIF3e induces epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and a down-regulation leads to a decrease of cap-dependent translation \\[[@B36-cancers-12-01984]\\]. ",
"Estrogen alpha (ERα) controls eIF3f at transcriptional and translational level \\[[@B37-cancers-12-01984]\\]. ",
"mTORC1 pathway could be activated by estrogen, and enhances the binding of eIF3 to the EIF4F complex \\[[@B37-cancers-12-01984]\\]. ",
"Decreased eIF3c can suppress the proliferation, and can lead to apoptosis via the mTOR pathway \\[[@B38-cancers-12-01984]\\]. ",
"An overexpression of eIF3h leads to an increase in protein synthesis \\[[@B39-cancers-12-01984]\\].](cancers-12-01984-g002){#cancers-12-01984-f002}\n\n2.4. ",
"Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 4 (eIF4) {#sec2dot4-cancers-12-01984}\n------------------------------------------------------\n\nThe recruitment of ribosome to mRNA templates is the key rate-limiting step of translation initiation, which is mediated by eIF4F, a heterotrimeric complex \\[[@B40-cancers-12-01984]\\] (Figure 4).",
"\n\nActing as RNA-dependent ATPase and bidirectional RNA helicase, eIF4a is a member of the DEAD-box family \\[[@B40-cancers-12-01984]\\]. ",
"The eIF4a helicase activity can be stimulated by eIF4b ([Figure 3](#cancers-12-01984-f003){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ",
"Residual BC stem cells become the reason of relapse after chemotherapy. ",
"Sridharan et al. ",
"\\[[@B41-cancers-12-01984]\\] found that Rocaglamide A (RocA) was effective against triple-negative BC cells by targeting the eIF4A bound to the oncogenic mRNAs, that requires its helicase activity during translation. ",
"In the process of RocA effectively against BC stem cells, eIF4A act as an actionable molecular target in both BC stem cells and other tumor cells. ",
"Consequently, anti-eIF4A inhibitors could potentially be combined with chemotherapy, radiotherapy and/or immunotherapies.",
"\n\nIn BC and other cancers, eIF4E is frequently over-expressed in the very early stage, especially in the pre-invasive stage (such as carcinoma in situ) and associated with the malignant progression of a high tumor grade. ",
"eIF4E is also frequently over-expressed in at least 50% of BC \\[[@B42-cancers-12-01984]\\]. ",
"The over-expression and activation of eIF4E are connected with tumor formation, metastasis and increased tumor invasion \\[[@B43-cancers-12-01984]\\]. ",
"eIF4E is involved in the cap-dependent translation of specific mRNAs, including genes important for cell divisions, survival and angiogenesis \\[[@B44-cancers-12-01984]\\] ([Figure 3](#cancers-12-01984-f003){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ",
"Importantly, tumor cells with over-expressed eIF4E may develop an addiction to eIF4E, making these cells vulnerable to eIF4E inhibition, whereas non-malignant cells are resistant. ",
"If eIF4E cannot be phosphorylated by MAP-kinases or TGFβ, metastasis is reduced \\[[@B45-cancers-12-01984]\\]. ",
"Knockdown of eIF4E has indeed reduced BC cell migration and invasion \\[[@B12-cancers-12-01984]\\] ([Figure 3](#cancers-12-01984-f003){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ",
"All of these results suggest that eIF4E could drive metastasis.",
"\n\nAmong the three 4E-BPs, the well-studied 4E-BP1 particularly responds to stimulation by insulin and other growth factors, thereby regulating eiF4F ([Figure 3](#cancers-12-01984-f003){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ",
"When cells are subjected to such stimuli, mTOR is activated and phosphorylates 4E-BP1, which promotes the release of eIF4E ([Figure 4](#cancers-12-01984-f004){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ",
"This free eIF4E can then interact with the eIF4F complex to start translation \\[[@B46-cancers-12-01984]\\] ([Figure 3](#cancers-12-01984-f003){ref-type=\"fig\"}, [Figure 4](#cancers-12-01984-f004){ref-type=\"fig\"}).",
"\n\nZindy et al. ",
"\\[[@B47-cancers-12-01984]\\] reported that targeting eIF4E by antisense inhibition can remove the eIF4A helicase from the eIF4F complex, thus delaying BC cell growth in xenograft models. ",
"Targeting eIF4F to block BC progression is therefore a rationale choice \\[[@B12-cancers-12-01984]\\].",
"\n\nAlthough hypoxia can up-regulate the expression of eIF4E1 and eIF4E2, only eIF4E1 expression was HIF-1 dependent ([Figure 5](#cancers-12-01984-f005){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ",
"In hypoxic tumor cells, HIF-1 up-regulated eIF4E1, resulting in the enhanced translation of certain mRNAs encoding proteins, such as c-Myc, Cyclin-D1, and eIF4G1, which are important for BC cell three-dimensional structure growth ([Figure 5](#cancers-12-01984-f005){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ",
"Hypoxic carcinoma cells were more sensitive to the eIF4E-eIF4G interaction inhibitor 4EGI-1, compared to normoxic carcinoma cells, indicating the important role of eIF4F-controlled translation initiation under hypoxia \\[[@B48-cancers-12-01984]\\] ([Figure 4](#cancers-12-01984-f004){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ",
"The intercellular adhesion molecule, cadherin-22, is up-regulated in hypoxia in an mTORC1-independent translational control via eIF4E2 ([Figure 5](#cancers-12-01984-f005){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ",
"Under hypoxia, blocking eIF4E2 or cadherin-22 can significantly impair the ability of MDA-MB-231 BC cells to migrate and invade \\[[@B15-cancers-12-01984]\\] ([Figure 5](#cancers-12-01984-f005){ref-type=\"fig\"}).",
"\n\nAdvanced BC is often resistant to chemotherapy. ",
"Phospho-eIF4E significantly correlates with a worse clinical outcome. ",
"Knockdown of eIF4E enhances the anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of chemotherapeutic drugs in BC cells by activating the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway ([Figure 3](#cancers-12-01984-f003){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ",
"MAPK-interacting kinase (MNK) inhibitors can prevent chemotherapeutic drug-induced eIF4E phosphorylation and β-catenin activation, suggesting that MNK-eIF4E-beta-catenin can restore the sensitivity to chemotherapy ([Figure 6](#cancers-12-01984-f006){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ",
"These results highlight the therapeutic value of inhibiting MNK to overcome chemo-resistance in BC chemotherapy \\[[@B49-cancers-12-01984]\\].",
"\n\nMale BC accounts for less than 1% of all BC cases. ",
"Studies on male BC are relatively rare. ",
"Much of the published research has focused on comparisons with female BC, and even treatment is also deduced from females \\[[@B50-cancers-12-01984]\\]. ",
"Compared to female BC, male BC is more likely to be estrogen receptor positive (92% vs. 78%), and is different with regards to genetic, transcriptional and protein expression profiles \\[[@B50-cancers-12-01984]\\]. ",
"In female BC, eIF4E and 4E-BP1-p are frequently expressed at higher levels, compared with normal breast tissue, and a higher level of eIF4E is associated with a worse prognosis \\[[@B51-cancers-12-01984],[@B52-cancers-12-01984]\\]. ",
"There are positive associations with grade, lymph node metastasis status and disease recurrence \\[[@B53-cancers-12-01984]\\]. ",
"eIF4E activity in female BC is known to be down-regulated by mTOR high expression and phosphorylation of its binding protein 4E-BP1. ",
"The importance of the eIF4E pathway in male BC is still unknown. ",
"As phosphorylated 4E-BP1 indicates prognosis in male BC, therapies targeting its upstream kinase (mTOR) can be useful \\[[@B50-cancers-12-01984]\\].",
"\n\nIn women, a combined analysis of the expression of eIF4E, 4E-BP1 and 4E-BP1-p can indicate eIF4E activity and predict BC survival \\[[@B54-cancers-12-01984]\\].",
"\n\neIF4E in tumor has therefore become an anticancer drug target. ",
"Although inhibiting mTORC1 or mTOR kinase modifies eIF4E activity, this approach is different to targeting eIF4E or eIF4E-BPs directly ([Table 1](#cancers-12-01984-t001){ref-type=\"table\"}). ",
"In male BC, however, little is known about the prognostic connection of eIF4E and the 4E-BPs, so there is no indication that eIF4E-targeted therapies might be considered for this disease \\[[@B50-cancers-12-01984]\\].",
"\n\nmTOR can regulate the eIF4F complex activity through the phosphorylation of 4E-BP. ",
"In BC genetic alteration or epigenetic changes can frequently influence the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, which results in the constitutive pathway activation. ",
"In in vitro and in vivo experiments, the activated PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is always associated with tumor initiation, and maintenance by unregulated translational control \\[[@B55-cancers-12-01984]\\]. ",
"On the one hand, the increased phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt results in an extended 4E-BP1 mTOR-dependent phosphorylation, followed by an increase of the dissociation from eIF4E, thus stimulating the formation of eIF4F complex \\[[@B40-cancers-12-01984]\\]. ",
"On the other hand, the PI3K/Akt pathway can also regulate the eIF4A availability in the eIF4F complex assembly \\[[@B56-cancers-12-01984]\\] ([Figure 4](#cancers-12-01984-f004){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ",
"Hence, either through the use of analogs or mTOR-kinase inhibitors (KIs) to inhibit mTOR, or through PI3K/mTOR-kinase inhibitors to suppress PI3K/mTOR activity, an anticancer effect might be achieved \\[[@B57-cancers-12-01984]\\].",
"\n\nAccording to Liu et al., ",
"the amplification of *MYC* can lead to PI3K-independent BC cell survival and resistance to PI3K inhibitors \\[[@B58-cancers-12-01984]\\]. ",
"The role of *c-Myc* during cell growth and proliferation, accompanied by increased eIF4F activity, indicated a mechanism involving *c-Myc* and eIF4F. Liu et al. ",
"found that c-Myc could directly activate the transcription of three subunits of eIF4F ([Figure 7](#cancers-12-01984-f007){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ",
"Increased eIF4F specifically stimulates *c-Myc* mRNA translation. ",
"Although *c-Myc* translation occurs through cap-dependent and IRES-mediated translation, a part of c-Myc translation is eIF4F responsive. ",
"Hence, all the results suggested that there was an interaction circle between c-Myc and eIF4F, connecting transcription and translation. ",
"As the transcriptional target of MYC, eIF4E, eIF4AI and eIF4G may contribute to MYC expression in the drug-resistant background \\[[@B59-cancers-12-01984]\\].",
"\n\nThe epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is important for metastasis and invasion. ",
"One important EMT regulator is the cytokine-transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) \\[[@B60-cancers-12-01984]\\]. ",
"TGF-β can induce EMT by translational activation via another non-canonical TGF-β signaling pathway through eIF4E phosphorylation \\[[@B45-cancers-12-01984]\\] ([Figure 6](#cancers-12-01984-f006){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ",
"The antiviral drug ribavirin has been shown to exhibit antitumor activity linked to the inhibition of eIF4E in patients \\[[@B61-cancers-12-01984]\\] ([Figure 6](#cancers-12-01984-f006){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ",
"Ribavirin, one of antiviral drug, has been demonstrated to inhibit eIF4E by competing with the 7-methylguanosine mRNA cap, and has suppressed proliferation and the clonogenic potential of BC cells in vitro with the elevated levels of eIF4E \\[[@B42-cancers-12-01984],[@B61-cancers-12-01984],[@B62-cancers-12-01984]\\]. ",
"Hence, ribavirin was considered to be a remarkable inhibitor of primary tumor growth in an eIF4E-dependent manner, in vivo and in vitro \\[[@B63-cancers-12-01984]\\].",
"\n\nThe human mRNA DeXD/H-box helicases are molecular motors required in RNA metabolism. ",
"Among them, the most common helicase is eIF4A, required during the protein synthesis initiation phase. ",
"Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on over 3000 breast tumors. ",
"The results indicated that eIF4A1, eIF4B and eIF4E are independent worse prognosis predictors in ER-negative disease. ",
"The eIF4A1 inhibitor PDCD4 can improve outcome in ER-positive BC patients ([Figure 7](#cancers-12-01984-f007){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ",
"The modulation of eIF4A1, eIF4B and PCDC4 expression in MCF7 cells can inhibit BC cell growth. ",
"Immunohistochemical tests are promising tools for testing tumors sensitive to anti-helicase therapies \\[[@B64-cancers-12-01984]\\].",
"\n\nmRNA translation includes ribosomes recruitment to the capped mRNAs by eIF4F, including initiation factor eIF4E, RNA helicase eIF4A, and scaffolding protein eIF4G \\[[@B65-cancers-12-01984]\\]. ",
"The increased eIF4E level can selectively stimulate translation of \"eIF4E-sensitive\" mRNAs \\[[@B65-cancers-12-01984]\\]. ",
"By increasing the translation of IRES-containing p120 mRNAs, over-expressed eIF4G can promote formation of inflammatory BC emboli \\[[@B10-cancers-12-01984]\\]. ",
"In precursors of neoplasia, such as atypical hyperplasia or carcinoma in site, increased levels of eIF4E can promote a series of events, including cell invasiveness acquisition, cell polarity loss and cell survival increase ([Figure 7](#cancers-12-01984-f007){ref-type=\"fig\"}), by facilitating the translationally regulated assembly of TGFβ receptor signaling complexes. ",
"Increased levels of eIF4E in early neoplastic cells can promote the translation of integrin β1, possibly including metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9 mRNAs. ",
"They may transform non-transformed cells sensitive to stimulation by low level of activated TGFβ, via formation of pre-loaded TGFβ receptor signaling complexes, and possibly evolve to a pro-neoplastic phenotype \\[[@B14-cancers-12-01984]\\].",
"\n\nAs a cap-dependent translation rate-limiting factor, eIF4E plays an important role in some weak mRNA translation, such as cyclin D1, Bcl-2, MMPs and VEGF \\[[@B66-cancers-12-01984]\\]. ",
"eIF4E facilitates the efficient mRNA translation initiation by binding to the 5′-cap of eukaryotic mRNAs \\[[@B67-cancers-12-01984]\\]. ",
"A connection between the elevated level of eIF4E and cell transformation was observed in tumors of the breast, bladder, colon, head and neck, lung, thyroid and in lymphoma \\[[@B68-cancers-12-01984]\\]. ",
"The elevated level of eIF4E is also critical for BC progression and angiogenesis \\[[@B69-cancers-12-01984],[@B70-cancers-12-01984]\\]. ",
"All the data presented above suggest that targeting MAPK/Mnk signaling and blocking eIF4E protein translation may constitute a promising strategy for treating BC \\[[@B71-cancers-12-01984]\\].",
"\n\neIF4E has also been identified as a poor prognostic marker in several retrospective and prospective studies on BC \\[[@B72-cancers-12-01984],[@B73-cancers-12-01984]\\]. ",
"Several recent studies have identified the oncoprotein eIF4E and its phosphorylated forms over-expressed in BCs \\[[@B68-cancers-12-01984]\\]. ",
"Phosphorylation of eIF4E at Ser209, in response to various extracellular stimuli, increases the affinity of eIF4E for the mRNA 5′ cap, and influences its entry into the translation initiation complex. ",
"The best candidate for eIF4E phosphorylation is the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-activated protein kinase Mnk1. ",
"Mnk1 physically associates with eIF4F, and can directly phosphorylate eIF4E ([Figure 6](#cancers-12-01984-f006){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ",
"Mnk2 is also recognized to directly phosphorylate eIF4E, but to a lesser extent ([Figure 6](#cancers-12-01984-f006){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ",
"Mnk-mediated eIF4E phosphorylation favors the mRNA translation of proteins involved in tumor cell proliferation and survival \\[[@B67-cancers-12-01984]\\]. ",
"While the Mnk function and eIF4E phosphorylation are considered necessary for malignant transformation, Mnk-mediated eIF4E phosphorylation has proven not to be essential for the normal development of the organism \\[[@B74-cancers-12-01984]\\]. ",
"Thus, targeting the Mnk/eIF4E pathway has become an attractive strategy for BC therapy \\[[@B71-cancers-12-01984]\\].",
"\n\n![",
"eIF4B can stimulate eIF4A \\[[@B40-cancers-12-01984]\\]. ",
"eIF4E is involved in cap-dependent translation, in cell divisions, survival and angiogenesis \\[[@B44-cancers-12-01984]\\]. ",
"A knockdown of eIF4E leads to an activation of the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway, with anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects \\[[@B49-cancers-12-01984]\\]. ",
"A knockdown of eIF4E also reduces cell migration and invasion \\[[@B12-cancers-12-01984]\\]. ",
"Insulin and other growth factors could stimulate 4E-BP1 \\[[@B46-cancers-12-01984]\\]. ",
"mTOR phosphorylates 4E-BP1 which frees eIF4E \\[[@B46-cancers-12-01984]\\].](cancers-12-01984-g003){#cancers-12-01984-f003}\n\n![",
"eIF4F consists of eIF4A, eIF4E and eIF4G. eIF4F recruits the ribosome \\[[@B40-cancers-12-01984]\\]. ",
"mTOR phosphorylates 4E-BP1, which leads to a release of eIF4E \\[[@B46-cancers-12-01984]\\]. ",
"Released eIF4E can start translation with interaction in combination with the complex \\[[@B46-cancers-12-01984]\\]. ",
"Hypoxic carcinoma cells are more sensitive to the inhibitor 4EGI-1, which inhibits eIF4E-eiF4G \\[[@B48-cancers-12-01984]\\]. ",
"An increase of AKT stimulates the mTOR dependent phosphorylation of 4E-BP1, and regulates eIF4A availability \\[[@B56-cancers-12-01984]\\].](cancers-12-01984-g004){#cancers-12-01984-f004}\n\n![",
"Hypoxia is able to up-regulate eIF4E2 and eIF4E1. ",
"eIF4E1 is HIF-1-dependent and HIF-1 increased the expression of eIF4E1 \\[[@B48-cancers-12-01984]\\]. ",
"eIF4E1 leads to an increase in c-Myc, Cyclin-D1 and eIF4G1 mRNA \\[[@B48-cancers-12-01984]\\]. ",
"eIF4E2 under hypoxia regulates Cadherin-22. ",
"Blocking eIF4E2 or Cadherin-22 under hypoxia can impair cell migration and invasion \\[[@B15-cancers-12-01984]\\].](cancers-12-01984-g005){#cancers-12-01984-f005}\n\n![",
"Mnk inhibitors can prevent the phosphorylation of eIF4E and β-catenin \\[[@B49-cancers-12-01984]\\]. ",
"EMT could be the result of TGF-β translational activation through eIF4E phosphorylation \\[[@B45-cancers-12-01984]\\]. ",
"Ribavirin could inhibit eIF4E \\[[@B61-cancers-12-01984]\\]. ",
"Mnk1 is associated with eIF4F and can phosphorylate eIF4E, as well as Mnk2 \\[[@B67-cancers-12-01984]\\].](cancers-12-01984-g006){#cancers-12-01984-f006}\n\n![",
"c-Myc can activate eIF4E, eIF4G and eIF4A1 \\[[@B59-cancers-12-01984]\\]. ",
"PDCD4 is an inhibitor of eIF4A1 \\[[@B64-cancers-12-01984]\\]. ",
"Increased levels of eIF4E could lead to invasiveness, cell polarity loss, angiogenesis and cell survival \\[[@B14-cancers-12-01984]\\].](cancers-12-01984-g007){#cancers-12-01984-f007}\n\n2.5. ",
"Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 5 (eIF5) {#sec2dot5-cancers-12-01984}\n------------------------------------------------------\n\nDuring the translation initiation process, two GTPases (eIF5 and eIF2) play key roles. ",
"eIF5 is an essential core protein in translation initiation. ",
"Upon correct matching to the start codon AUG, GTP is hydrolyzed by eIF2 in an eIF5-dependent manner. ",
"eIF5 has an independent GDP dissociation inhibitor activity \\[[@B75-cancers-12-01984]\\]. ",
"eIF5 has been reported to restrain eIF2B, which can inhibit the exchange of guanine and nucleotide and support the following eIF2 recycling. ",
"The eIF5 C-terminal end is involved in building the core of the ribosomal pre-initiation complex. ",
"It can interact on several sites with other translation initiation factors, such as eIF1, eIF2, eIF3 and eIF4g.\n\nDuring translation initiation, the G-protein eIF5B takes control of subunit integration with the help of eIF1A. The interactions between eIF1A and eIF5B continuously cycle during translation initiation \\[[@B76-cancers-12-01984],[@B77-cancers-12-01984]\\].",
"\n\nDuring the protein translation cycle, eIF5A, as one of many auxiliary proteins, participates in stimulating specific processes. ",
"eIF5A can stimulate formation of the first peptide bond between Met-tRNA and puromycin \\[[@B78-cancers-12-01984]\\]. ",
"eIF5A is not considered an initiation factor, as it is homologous to the prokaryotic elongation factor EF-P, and is involved in the elongation and termination of translation, as well \\[[@B78-cancers-12-01984]\\].",
"\n\nThe roles of eIF5, eIF5A and eIF5B in BC biology have not yet been well described. ",
"After receiving everolimus and other PI3K/mTOR inhibitors, these biomarkers were immunohistochemically assessed in male BC. ",
"After treatment with everolimus, a marked reduction in eIF4E and eIF5 expression was observed in male BC patients with extended survival. ",
"Therefore, in male BC patients, the inhibition of eIF4E and eIF5 expression could be of clinical value \\[[@B79-cancers-12-01984]\\].",
"\n\n2.6. ",
"Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 6 (eIF6) {#sec2dot6-cancers-12-01984}\n------------------------------------------------------\n\nIn translation initiation, eIF6 acts as a ribosomal anti-association factor. ",
"70% of eIF6 is localized in the cytoplasm and 30% in the nucleus. ",
"eIF6 binds to the 60S ribosomal subunit in the nucleus ([Figure 8](#cancers-12-01984-f008){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ",
"When bound to eIF6, the interaction between the 60S and 40S subunit is inhibited, and the translation initiation is blocked \\[[@B80-cancers-12-01984]\\] ([Figure 8](#cancers-12-01984-f008){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ",
"The translation regulation by eIF6 was also reported as a rate-limiting step \\[[@B81-cancers-12-01984]\\]. ",
"eIF6 is also part of a multi-protein complex associated with the RNA-induced silencing complex, which can regulate miRNA activity ([Figure 8](#cancers-12-01984-f008){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ",
"There, eIF6 interacts with pre-ribosomal particles, performing a critical role in the assembly of the 60S ribosome \\[[@B80-cancers-12-01984]\\]. ",
"Hence, the expression of eIF6 is also involved in cell growth and transformation \\[[@B81-cancers-12-01984]\\] ([Figure 8](#cancers-12-01984-f008){ref-type=\"fig\"}).",
"\n\nIn the highly proliferative and therapy resistant luminal B BC subtype, eight genes (*FGD5*, *METTL6*, *CPT1A*, *DTX3*, *MRPS23*, *EIF2S2*, *EIF6* and *SLC2A10*) were found to be essential for cell proliferation, and were amplified in these patients \\[[@B82-cancers-12-01984]\\]. ",
"As a Notch-dependent regulator of cell invasion and migration, eIF6 could inhibit lymphomagenesis and tumor progression \\[[@B80-cancers-12-01984]\\] ([Figure 8](#cancers-12-01984-f008){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ",
"In addition to regulating translation and Notch signaling \\[[@B83-cancers-12-01984]\\], eIF6 has been reported to link integrin-β4 to the intermediate cytoskeleton \\[[@B84-cancers-12-01984]\\], resulting in downstream activation SRC signaling \\[[@B82-cancers-12-01984]\\] ([Figure 2](#cancers-12-01984-f002){ref-type=\"fig\"}).",
"\n\n![",
"eIF6 binds to the 60S ribosomal subunit, and inhibits the interaction between the 40S and 60S subunit \\[[@B80-cancers-12-01984]\\]. ",
"eIF6 is also associated with the RISC \\[[@B81-cancers-12-01984]\\]. ",
"eIF6, in combination with Notch, mediates cell invasion and migration \\[[@B80-cancers-12-01984]\\]. ",
"eIF6 is able to link integrin-β4 to the intermediate cytoskeleton \\[[@B84-cancers-12-01984]\\] resulting in the activation of SRC \\[[@B82-cancers-12-01984]\\]. ",
"Cell growth and transformation are associated with eIF6 \\[[@B81-cancers-12-01984]\\].](cancers-12-01984-g008){#cancers-12-01984-f008}\n\n3. ",
"Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factors Dependencies in Breast Cancer {#sec3-cancers-12-01984}\n==========================================================================\n\nIn a recent publication, a strategy to identify putative drug targets based on the genetic manipulation of cancer cell lines has been developed \\[[@B85-cancers-12-01984],[@B86-cancers-12-01984]\\]. ",
"For this approach, cell lines have either been manipulated by systematic RNA-interference or CRIPR/CAS9 knockdown of genes. ",
"In order to assess the importance of eIFs for breast cancer cell lines, we have downloaded the data for the CRISPR/CAS9 knockdown for the eIFs available. ",
"A cancer dependency score of zero indicates that a gene is not essential for a cell--line and a score of −1 represents the median of all common essential genes. ",
"We therefore selected eIFs that have a mean dependency score in breast cancer cell lines smaller than −1 ([Figure 9](#cancers-12-01984-f009){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ",
"The lowest score was found for eIF1AX, eif2S1 (eIF2α), eIF2S3 (eIF2γ) and eIF3a. ",
"The importance of eIF2α and eIF3A for breast cancer is clear from the literature. ",
"Interestingly for eIF1AX and eIF2γ, published data are scarce and deduced from the cancer dependency data---these genes should be investigated in more detail. ",
"Survival data from the KMplotter indicate, indeed, a strong prognostic effect for eIF2S3 and eIF1AX \\[[@B87-cancers-12-01984]\\] ([Figure 10](#cancers-12-01984-f010){ref-type=\"fig\"}).",
"\n\n4. ",
"Discussion {#sec4-cancers-12-01984}\n=============\n\neIFs regulate the assembly of the functional ribosomal complex. ",
"There are six eIF-complexes participating in translation initiation. ",
"Disorders of eIF expression by over-expression, down-regulation or phosphorylation lead to carcinogenesis or tumor progression. ",
"Disturbance of the translation initiation leads to an abnormal cellular proteome, followed by uncontrolled cell growth. ",
"This highly controlled translation initiation process has attracted the attention of researchers, leading to an increased interest in targeting cancer by modifying translation initiation. ",
"Recent research on eIFs in BC has significantly expanded our knowledge on the broad spectrum of different stimuli of mammary epithelial cells ([Table 2](#cancers-12-01984-t002){ref-type=\"table\"}), having an impact on protein biosynthesis.",
"\n\nBoth eIF1 and eIF1a are required in translation initiation, by changing the ribosomal structure to facilitate mRNA-scanning, in order to allow start codon recognition. ",
"eIF1 can be affected by different types of genotoxic stress signaling.",
"\n\nThe structure of eIF2 is more complex with regard to the heterotrimeric composition of the three subunits eIF2a, b and c. Increased phospho-eIF2α not only inhibits mRNA translation initiation, but also facilitates the translation of selected mRNAs. ",
"In chemotherapy, Trastuzumab in HER2+ BC can initiate a PKR/eIF2α-P pathway; eIF2α-P may be a potential biomarker for Trastuzumab efficacy. ",
"It is known that chemotherapy is associated with lots of side effects, limiting its use. ",
"The inhibition of eIF2α possibly suppresses BC growth and metastasis, which puts forward a new way of treating BC.",
"\n\neIF3 participates in a few physiological and pathological processes. ",
"Some of the subunits emerge as new potential drug targets. ",
"eIF3a is also a potential oncogene involved in cancer occurrence, metastasis and therapy response. ",
"According to the physiological and pathological function, eIF3a represents a potential drug target. ",
"We need more efforts to improve the usability of currently available molecules or to design novel small molecule eIF3a regulators.",
"\n\nAmong all the subunits of eIF4, eIF4E is of very high concern. ",
"eIF4E activity is regulated through the over-expression or phosphorylation of its binding protein 4E-BP1 in female BC. ",
"Phospho-4E-BP1 is a potential candidate for therapies directed towards its upstream kinase (mTOR). ",
"Moreover, the knockdown of eIF4E has also been shown to reduce BC cell migration and invasion.",
"\n\nAs auxiliary proteins, participating in stimulating specific processes, the roles of eIF5, eIF5A and eIF5B in BC have not yet been well described during the protein translation cycle. ",
"Acting as a ribosomal anti-association factor, eIF6 has never been researched thoroughly either.",
"\n\neIFs principally act as regulators of the translation initiation stage, a highly critical step, of utmost interest for targeting cancer. ",
"More detailed studies on eIFs are needed to provide further insights into the translation process in malignancies, which could provide important clues for the treatment of BC. ",
"Further studies on small molecule disruptors of eIFs or respective subunits will contribute to gaining a better understanding of the role of translational control, and will be one of the main focuses of research in the coming years.",
"\n\nQ.C. and J.H. had the idea, wrote the first draft, and continuously edited the manuscript; B.Y., C.S. and N.N. contributed significant sections, helpful comments and insightful editing. ",
"All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.",
"\n\nThis research received no external funding.",
"\n\nThe authors declare no conflict of interest.",
"\n\n{#cancers-12-01984-f009}\n\n{#cancers-12-01984-f010}\n\ncancers-12-01984-t001_Table 1\n\n###### \n\nmTOR pathway alteration (potential therapy target) in breast cancer.",
"\n\n Alteration Effect on Signaling\n ---------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------\n **Gene** \n 1\\. Activating mutations or amplifications \n *PIK3CA* Activation of PI3K signaling\n *PKB/AKT* Activation of AKT signaling\n *PDK1* Activation of AKT signaling\n *ERBB2* Activation of ERBB2 signaling\n *IGFIR* Activation of IGFIR signaling\n *FGFRI* Activation of FGFRI signaling\n 2\\. Loss of function mutations or under-expression \n *PTEN* Activation of PI3K signaling\n *INPP4B* Activation of PI3K signaling\n *LKB1/STK11* Activation of AKT and inhibit of TSC1/2\n *PHLPP* Activation of PI3K signaling\n **Cross reacts with other pathway** \n RAS-MAPK \n SRC \n **Protein complexes** \n mTORC1 Inhibition of 4EBP1 and activation of S6K\n mTORC2 Activation of AKT signaling\n\ncancers-12-01984-t002_Table 2\n\n###### \n\neIF subunits and differential expression in breast cancer cell lines.",
"\n\n ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n Protein Differential Expression Ductal Cancer Lobular Cancer Cell Lines References\n --------- ------------------------- --------------- ---------------- ------------------------ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n eIF2α ↓\\ √ BMECs\\ \\[[@B25-cancers-12-01984],[@B33-cancers-12-01984]\\]\n (eIF2α-P↑) MCF-7\\ \n SkBr3 \n\n eIF 3a ↑ √ \\[[@B35-cancers-12-01984]\\]\n\n eIF 3c ↓ √ BT474\\ \\[[@B38-cancers-12-01984]\\]\n MDA-MB-231 \n\n eIF3f ↓ MCF-7 \\[[@B37-cancers-12-01984]\\]\n\n eIF3h ↑ MCF-7 MDA436 SK-Br-3 \\[[@B39-cancers-12-01984]\\]\n\n eIF4a ↑ MCF-7 \\[[@B64-cancers-12-01984]\\]\n\n eIF 4b ↑ MCF-7 \\[[@B64-cancers-12-01984]\\]\n\n eIF 4e ↑ √ MDA-MB-231 MDA-MB 468\\ \\[[@B42-cancers-12-01984],[@B43-cancers-12-01984],[@B44-cancers-12-01984],[@B45-cancers-12-01984],[@B49-cancers-12-01984],[@B52-cancers-12-01984],[@B61-cancers-12-01984]\\]\n MCF-7\\ \n HMECs \n\n eIF 4g ↑ √ \\[[@B10-cancers-12-01984]\\]\n\n eIF 5 ↑ √ \\[[@B75-cancers-12-01984]\\]\n ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nAbbr.: ",
"HMECs: human mammary epithelial cells; BMECs: bovine mammary epithelial cells. ",
"↓: decrease; ↑: increase.",
"\n"
] | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
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"Bayern Munich defender Jerome Boateng says he will travel to Schalke \"without fear,\" amid calls from Bundesliga clubs to tighten security at their stadiums following the terror attacks in Paris.",
"\n\nBoateng, 27, was part of the Germany team playing France at the Stade de France last Friday when the terror attacks in Paris struck.",
"\n\nBoth national teams spent the night in the stadium due to security fears, with the attacks leaving 129 people dead."
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"// Package hk provides mechanism for registering cleanup\n// functions which are invoked at specified intervals.",
"\n/*\n * Copyright (c) 2018-2020, NVIDIA CORPORATION. ",
"All rights reserved.",
"\n */\npackage hk\n\nimport (\n\t\"testing\"\n\n\t. \"",
"github.com/onsi/ginkgo\"\n\t. \"",
"github.com/onsi/gomega\"\n)\n\nfunc TestHousekeeper(t *testing.",
"T) {\n\tgo DefaultHK.Run()\n\tRegisterFailHandler(Fail)\n\tRunSpecs(t, \"Housekeeper Suite\")\n}\n"
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"<?",
"xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?",
">\n<!-- ",
"Copyright 2013 Richard Hughes <richard@hughsie.com> -->\n<component type=\"desktop-application\">\n <id type=\"desktop\">repsnapper.desktop</id>\n <licence>CC0</licence>\n <name>Repsnapper</name>\n <description>\n <_p>\n RepSnapper is an alternative host software for controlling the RepRap\n open source 3D printer.",
"\n </_p>\n <_p>\n OpenGL User Interface (GTK), Slicer and Toolpath Generator written in C++.",
"\n See also http://reprap.org/wiki/RepSnapper_Manual:Introduction\n </_p>\n </description>\n <screenshots>\n <screenshot type=\"default\">http://reprap.org/mediawiki/images/6/6b/Repsnapper.png</screenshot>\n </screenshots>\n <url type=\"homepage\">https://github.com/timschmidt/repsnapper</url>\n</component>\n"
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"Q:\n\nSymfony 4 : Cannot autowire argument $manager of ... it references interface \"Doctrine\\Common\\Persistence\\ObjectManager\"\n\nwhen i submit my form i got this error : \n\nCannot autowire argument $manager of \"App\\Controller\\AdController::create()\": it references interface \"Doctrine\\Common\\Persistence\\ObjectManager\" but no such service exists. ",
"You should maybe alias this interface to the existing \"doctrine.orm.default_entity_manager\" service.",
"\n\nThis is in function create in AdController.php: \n<?",
"php\n\nnamespace App\\Controller;\n\nuse App\\Entity\\Ad;\nuse App\\Form\\AdType;\nuse App\\Repository\\AdRepository;\nuse Symfony\\Component\\HttpFoundation\\Request;\nuse Doctrine\\Common\\Persistence\\ObjectManager;\nuse Symfony\\Component\\HttpFoundation\\Response;\nuse Symfony\\Component\\Routing\\Annotation\\Route;\nuse Symfony\\Component\\Form\\Extension\\Core\\Type\\SubmitType;\nuse Symfony\\Component\\HttpFoundation\\Session\\SessionInterface;\nuse Symfony\\Bundle\\FrameworkBundle\\Controller\\AbstractController;\n\nclass AdController extends AbstractController\n{\n /**\n * @Route(\"/ads\", name=\"ads_index\")\n */\n public function index(AdRepository $repo)\n {\n $ads = $repo->findAll();\n\n return $this->render('ad/index.html.twig', [\n 'ads' => $ads,\n ]);\n }\n\n /**\n * @Route(\"/ads/new\", name=\"ads_create\")\n * \n * @return Response\n */\n\n public function create(Request $request, ObjectManager $manager){\n $ad = new Ad();\n\n $form = $this->createForm(AdType::class, $ad);\n\n $form->handleRequest($request);//symfony va faire le lien entre les donne des champs fu formulaire et la variable $ad\n\n if($form->isSubmitted() && $form->isValid() ){\n $manager->persist($ad);\n $manager->flush();\n }\n\n return $this->render(\"ad/new.html.twig\", [\n 'form' => $form->createView()\n ]);\n }\n\n /** \n * @Route(\"/ads/{slug}\", name=\"ads_show\")\n * @return Response\n */\n public function show(Ad $ad){\n return $this->render('ad/show.html.twig', [\n 'ad' => $ad\n ]);\n }\n}\n\nand this is my AdType.php : \n<?",
"php\n\nnamespace App\\Form;\n\nuse App\\Entity\\Ad;\nuse Symfony\\Component\\Form\\AbstractType;\nuse Symfony\\Component\\Form\\FormBuilderInterface;\nuse Symfony\\Component\\OptionsResolver\\OptionsResolver;\nuse Symfony\\Component\\Form\\Extension\\Core\\Type\\UrlType;\nuse Symfony\\Component\\Form\\Extension\\Core\\Type\\TextType;\nuse Symfony\\Component\\Form\\Extension\\Core\\Type\\MoneyType;\nuse Symfony\\Component\\Form\\Extension\\Core\\Type\\IntegerType;\nuse Symfony\\Component\\Form\\Extension\\Core\\Type\\TextareaType;\n\nclass AdType extends AbstractType\n\n{\n\n/**\n * @param string $label\n * @param string $placeholder\n * @return array\n */\nprivate function getConfiguration($label, $placeholder){\n return [\n 'label' => $label,\n 'attr' => [\n 'placeholder' => $placeholder\n ]\n ];\n}\n\npublic function buildForm(FormBuilderInterface $builder, array $options)\n{\n $builder\n ->add('title', TextType::class, $this->getConfiguration(\"titre\", \"tapez un super titre pour votre annonce\"))\n ->add('slug', TextType::class, $this->getConfiguration(\"Adresse web\", \"tapez l'adresse web (automatique)\"))\n ->add('coverImage', UrlType::class, $this->getConfiguration(\"Url de l'image principal\", \"Donnez l'adresse d'une image qui donne vraiment envie\"))\n ->add('introduction', TextType::class, $this->getConfiguration(\"introduction\", \"donnez une description global de l'annonce\"))\n ->add('content', TextareaType::class, $this->getConfiguration(\"Description detaille\", \"tapez une description qui donne vraiment envie de venir chez vous !\"))",
"\n ->add('price', MoneyType::class, $this->getConfiguration(\"Prix par nuit\", \"indiquez le prix que voulez pour une nuit\"))\n ->add('rooms', IntegerType::class, $this->getConfiguration(\"Nombre de chambre\", \"le nom de chambres disponibles\"))\n ;\n}\n\npublic function configureOptions(OptionsResolver $resolver)\n{\n $resolver->setDefaults([\n 'data_class' => Ad::class,\n ]);\n}\n\n}\nWhy i get this error when i submit my form and how can i solve this problem\nThank you in advance\n\nA:\n\nThe error actually says you should alias that class to an existing service. ",
"That happens when Symfony does not know which implementation of interface you are going to use.",
"\nTry something like this:\nDoctrine\\Common\\Persistence\\ObjectManager: '@doctrine.orm.default_entity_manager'\n\nAdd it in services.yml and try.",
"\ndocs: https://symfony.com/doc/current/service_container/autowiring.html#using-aliases-to-enable-autowiring\n\nA:\n\nYou should avoid using directly the service. ",
"Always use the contract instead.",
"\nIt is available for every services\nSo instead of using ObjectManager directly, use EntityManagerInterface \n\n"
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[
"Sarah Shahi has become a person of interest over at The Rookie, with the freshman ABC procedural tapping the TV vet for a juicy recurring role, TVLine has learned exclusively.",
"\n\nThe actress will play Jessica Russo, a smart and intense rock star FBI agent who now uses her expertise training others in the private sector. ",
"A straight shooter with a subversive sense of humor, Jessica is an expert in hostage negotiations, predictive analysis and profiling — and wrote the definitive book on the subject to prove it.",
"\n\nCoincidentally, Shahi played an ex-hostage negotiator in NBC’s virtual reality thriller Reverie, which was cancelled last fall after one season. ",
"Her additional TV credits include the aforementioned Person of Interest as well as recurring stints on Chicago Fire, The L Word and Alias.",
"\n\nThe Nathan Fillion-fronted Rookie recently scored an order for seven additional episodes, bringing its Season 1 haul to 20."
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[
"Listening to audio content out loud can be a social activity that involves family, friends, or both. ",
"Audio content may include, for instance, music, talk radio, books, audio from television, and other audible material. ",
"For example, in a household, people may play music out loud at parties and other social gatherings. ",
"In such an environment, people may wish to play the music in one listening zone or multiple listening zones simultaneously, such that the music in each listening zone may be synchronized, without audible echoes or glitches. ",
"Such an experience may be further enriched when people, for example, browse audio sources, add a music track to a playback queue, learn more about a music track (such as track title or track artists), or view what music track is next in the playback queue.",
"\nListening to audio can also be an individual experience. ",
"For example, an individual may play music for themselves in the morning before work, in the evening during dinner, or at other times throughout the day at home, work, or on the road. ",
"In a household or shared environment, individuals may want to play different music in different listening zones at the same time. ",
"For these individual experiences, the individual may choose to either use headphones or limit the out loud playback of audio content to a single zone or area.",
"\nWhether an audio experience is social or individual, technological advancements have increased the accessibility of music content, as well as other types of media, such as television content, movies, and interactive content. ",
"For example, a user can access audio, video, or both audio and video content over the Internet through an online store, an Internet radio station, a music service, a movie service, and so on, in addition to the more traditional avenues of accessing audio and video content. ",
"Demand for audio, video, and both audio and video content inside and outside of the home continues to increase.",
"\nIn addition, the drawings are for the purpose of illustrating example embodiments, but it is understood that the inventions are not limited to the arrangements and instrumentality shown in the drawings."
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"James Ridout Winchester\n\nJames Ridout Winchester (March 15, 1852 – October 27, 1941) was bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Arkansas, serving from 1911 to 1932, succeeding William Montgomery Brown.",
"\n\nReferences \n\nNotes\n\nCategory:1852 births\nCategory:1941 deaths\nCategory:Bishops of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America"
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"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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[
"Q:\n\nConnect Oracle SQL to VBA\n\nI am able to connect Python to my Oracle SQL DB on a Windows computer, but strangely enough I cannot seem to get it working from VBA.",
"\nFor reference, this is the Python Code to connect:\ncx_Oracle.connect(f'{self.user}/{self.pwd}@//{self.host}:{self.port}/{self.service_name}')\n\nI have tried replicating this similar structure in my VBA code, but I get an error message. ",
"Here is the code I've been using:\nSub CallDB_Return_Flexible(stSQL As String, rstStart As Range)\n\n Dim sqlConn As ADODB.Connection\n Dim rst As ADODB.Recordset\n Dim rtn As Boolean\n Dim cmd As New ADODB.Command\n Dim cs As String\n\n 'On Error Resume Next\n Set sqlConn = New ADODB.Connection\n\n cs = \"Provider=OraOLEDB.Oracle;User ID=myuserID;Password=myPsswd;Data Source=host:port/service_name;\"\n sqlConn.",
"ConnectionString = cs\n sqlConn.",
"CommandTimeout = 10000\n sqlConn.",
"Open\n\nI get the following error messages:\n1) The system cannot find message text for message text 0x80040e0c in the message file for OraOLEDB.",
"\n2) Sometimes, dependent on the iteration of the connection I use (IE a TNS connection), I get a TNS listener error message.",
"\nI currently have the ActiveX 6.1 Data Objects Library enabled. ",
"Furthermore, I am on a 64-bit machine with a 64-bit Oracle client installed. ",
"I have a 64-bit Office. ",
"I am quite certain I have a 64-bit ADO as well - my ODAC (if this is the same) is the same as the 64 bit version online. ",
"I have an ODP.NET of 2.12 and another with 4.121 in the registry. ",
"I just have an ODP.NET.Managed of 4.12.",
"\nThis doesn't make much sense to me, how in one language I can connect with no issues, but in another I cannot!",
"\n\nA:\n\nI backtested using an earlier ActiveX Data Library - this solved it. ",
"\nThank you!!!!!",
"\n\n"
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[
"Welcome to winter! ",
"The one time of year where you can shamelessly bitch and moan about how cold your feet are without social repercussion. ",
"In honor of this wonderful time of year, and the fact that we’re just over half way through it, I thought I’d bring you a special treat. ",
"Ta-Da! ",
"A boot round-up!",
"\n\nTHIS IS ACTUALLY CARMEN\n\nLets start by talking about fabric and heel. ",
"There was a time when I literally wore my chunky heeled black leather boots every single day with every single outfit. ",
"The height of the heel and the mid-range quality leather just made them versatile. ",
"This is not always the case. ",
"The height of a boot heel can range from completely flat to infinity and can be chunky or hot sexy stiletto style. ",
"Most boots you find will be in the one inch to five inch range. ",
"Both the material and the cut determine the dressiness of boots. ",
"For someone going for a more femme look, a tan mid-calf boot made of distressed leather without a heel will look daytime casual, while a black boot with a stiletto heel, a contoured ankle and a long shaft will look more appropriate for the evening. ",
"For someone going for a more butch look, a lower shaft boot with a slight heel in a black or cognac polished leather will look more dapper than a tan, chunkier heeled combat or work style boot. ",
"Generally speaking, duller or distressed leather or suede is more casual while polished leather in dark or rich colors tends to be dressier. ",
"That being said, these rules cannot be broadly applied to all boots. ",
"You really have to take it boot by boot.",
"\n\nVIA HORSESADDLESHOP.COM\n\nWhen shopping, be aware that leather boots change shape and size as you wear them. ",
"Make sure that anyone helping you with boots knows what they are talking about and can help you fit properly, particularly through the toe and inseam. ",
"In fact, it might be worth brushing up on your boot terminology so you can best explain what you’re looking for. ",
"One very common boot shopping hardness is finding boots that fit around one’s calves or are comfortable on the ankles. ",
"If this is a problem for you I strongly suggest using a measuring tape to figure out the circumference at the widest part of your calf and ankle and then ordering boots online. ",
"If this freaks you out, try shopping in a specialty boot shop. ",
"In most boot shops and department stores you should be able to find boots abundantly common in black and brown, easily found in slate and tan and less commonly seen in red and blue. ",
"Both leather and suede are in style and widely available right now, although bright colors are much more common in suede. ",
"I would say the availability of colors roughly correlates with how good boots actually look in that color. ",
"The exception to this rule is slate which should be the most widely available color of boots because grey boots look fucking awesome.",
"\n\nVIA HORSESADDLESHOP.COM\n\nThough most people have a general sense of how to wear their own personal favorite basic boot, I receive a lot of questions about particular types of boots and how best to achieve just exactly the look/formality/gender expression/awesomeness one might be going for. ",
"There also seems to be a lot of confusion about general to tuck or not to tuck. ",
"This varies greatly by boot. ",
"Thus, I’ve divided some of the most common types of boots in to categories that made sense to me at the time of writing. ",
"I’ve done my best to talk about how each particular boot might play a role within your personal style and gender expression. ",
"This list is certainly not meant to exhaustive, if it were I would have included mukluks.",
"\n\n+\n\nSnow Boots\n\nThe thing about snow boots is that they’re the only type of boots you truly absolutely “need.” ",
"If you live in a place that gets snow, winter boots are the boot equivalent of Wikipedia. ",
"Technically you can get by without it, but it really sucks and you feel cold and alone and it ruins your day. ",
"If you don’t have a working pair of winter boots, it means you’re ruining all your other shoes and probably costing yourself tons of money and sadness. ",
"I love to wear winter boots in to work and then change in to Sperry’s/Toms/moccasins/slippers.",
"\n\nOne of the best things about snow boots is that, since they’re only a “sometimes shoe,” you can go as simple or as crazy as you want. ",
"You can find snow boots that look almost exactly like regular leather/sued boots except they’re waterproof or ones so extreme they look like snowboarding boots. ",
"Personally, I like Sorels the best because they’re hilariously over the top in terms of “Looking Like Your Dad” but they also come in funky colors.",
"\n\nI have one pair that are black and go up to my knee where they get so furry my dog barks at them and another pair that are ankle height and plaid. ",
"That’s right, I have two different pairs of the same brand of snow boots. ",
"I live in New England and these are things I need.",
"As far as I’m concerned, winter boots should always be worn outside your pants. ",
"Even if you’re not into skinny jeans or wear particularly baggy pants, winter boots go on top. ",
"Otherwise your pants will get wet and salty like the tears you will be crying from how much colder this will make you. ",
"Yes, there are winter boots that look just like hiking boots but are winterized, but I don’t think those keep you warm enough.",
"\n\nHigher boots in black or a pattern will look more girly, a lower boot in brown will look more butch, and big chunky classic snow boots are super versatile with respect to gender presentation.",
"\n\n+\n\nMy Picks\n\nSummary!",
"\n\nWhen to wear: To and from the place you’re going whenever it’s snowy/wet outsideWhen not to wear: Inside or at a party where you’ll get sweatyWhat to wear them with: Anything! ",
"You’re adventuring outside in to the blizzard, but remember the boots always go on top! ",
"Try with wool tights and a dress, heavy snow gear and baggy jeans or with a ski vest, plaid shirt and skinny jeans.",
"\n\n+\n\nMilitary Boots\n\nBKLYNBOIHOOD.COM CALENDAR BOI SEBASTIAN\n\nThis year military inspired boots are back with a vengeance, which is great since they might just be the best queer boot on the planet. ",
"Actually, the boots that are in style are more similar to a traditional “paddock boot” for English horseback riding mixed with your classic combat boot BUT with a thinner sole.",
"\n\nBasically I’m talking about any boot with a flat, or near flat, sole that laces up about 7-10 inches hitting you above the ankle. ",
"Your military boot is your everyday, going to the bars, going to work, going to class, going grocery shopping, “taking your dog out” boot.",
"\n\nAs long as you’re not sporting a super thick/rugged sole, you can wear military boots just about anywhere besides a semi-formal (or nicer) party. ",
"The toned down, pointed toed, stylized military boots that are being shown right now could replace probably half of the other shoes you have.",
"\n\nMilitary boots usually come in your basic black, brown and grey, but I’m a classic kind of girl and like them best in black. ",
"Most of the styles being shown right now have a zipper down the side or back which is awesome because 1. ",
"It looks badass and 2. ",
"You never have to re-lace them up. ",
"It’s also easy to find military boots with a variety of heels. ",
"If you like a completely flat boot, they’re definitely available, however, if completely flat boots give you that duck-feet feeling so luckily you can find military style boots with heels. ",
"You can, of course, always switch out for the classic lesbian Doc Martin. ",
"There are three basic ways to wear military boots:\n\nFirst, you can lace them all the way up and be done with it. ",
"This style works over very skinny jeans or under basically any other type of pants. ",
"You can also wear your boots like this with tightish pants rolled up to just above the boot.",
"\n\nSecond, you can lace them halfway up and tie the laces at the ankles. ",
"The half-way lace is best suited for tucked in skinny jeans, straight leg pants or rolled up slightly and pinned flat flares.",
"\n\nFinally, you can lace work boots halfway up and fold over the top. ",
"Anita Dolce Vita, Features Editor at dapperQ, pointed out to me that this looks particularly cool if you boots have a colorful or interesting lining.",
"\n\nAnother great way to wear military boots is with a dress. ",
"It takes the feminine edge off of wearing a dress in a distinctly queer way. ",
"I like wearing my black one with floral or overly girlie dresses and skirts to give them an edgy look. ",
"You can wear them with low socks so your bare leg just melts right in to the boot or scrunch down a ski sock so it just shows above the lip of the boot. ",
"A thick wool tight is also a cute option with a dress or shorts in the winter giving you a ski-bunny appearance.",
"\n\n+\n\nMy Picks\n\nSummary!",
"\n\nWhen to wear: Everyday for your normal stuff or out to a relaxed barWhen not to wear: When going to dressier clubs or anything semi-formal or nicerWhat to wear them with: Skinny jeans or straight jeans tucked in, looser jeans on the outside, shorts or to give girlier dresses an edgy look.",
"\n\n+\n\nEquestrian Boots\n\nVIA HORSELOVE.TUMBLR.COM\n\nIf you want to look like Spencer from Pretty Little Liars and/or anyone with a ton of money, the best way to do so is by investing in a pair of riding boots. ",
"Riding boots are preppy in the best way possible. ",
"Dont’ get actual riding boots, of course, those are expensive and scary, but you can find riding inspired boots anywhere. ",
"Your riding boot should come up anywhere from mid-calf to just under the knee and be leather or faux-leather with a flat sole.",
"\n\nSome riding boots, called “field boots,” have laces up the ankles but not all the way up the leg. ",
"Traditionally this is meant to support your ankle while riding, non-traditionally this is meant to look awesome/dapper.",
"\n\nOthers resemble a more run-of-the-nill black leather boot, which support a harness at the ankle or a strap/buckle at the top. ",
"Many riding boots have a distinct cuff at the top which is distinguished by color, texture or even just a seam.",
"\n\nHowever, riding boots traditionally lack a zipper, which means you’ll often find yourself having to jam your sweaty foot down a boot unless you find one with an elastic panel (which gives your calves some breathing room). ",
"But side and back zippers are popping up more often on riding boots these days, hidden on the inner calf or along a seam or sometimes purely visible in a pop of color.",
"\n\nRiding boots provide a more “femme” silhouette while not being totally girly, and therefore they perfectly complement a femme preppy look, such as skinny pants + blazer and/or loose blouse. ",
"But riding boots are actually quite versatile — ’cause they lack a high heel, you can wear them to work or other business-casual type settings or throw them on with short dresses or skirts during the day. ",
"However, when paired with skirts that go past the knee, riding boots can give you an ‘overly bundled prairie style’ look’ and riding boots also look weird underneath jeans. ",
"Riding boots are designed to be worn over riding pants, after all, and the slim foot and lack-of-heel makes them a flop underneath a straight or bootcut leg.",
"\n\nPlus, riding boots can be very expensive, so why hide them! (",
"I also love how riding boots look with a bit of knee high socks sticking out the top!)",
"\n\n+\n\nMy Picks\n\nSummary!",
"\n\nWhen to wear: For work, dinner with friends or anytime you want to look particularly preppy. ",
"Particularly cute with a blazer. ",
"Or horseback riding.",
"When not to wear: When going a semi-formal event or anyplace they might get trashedWhat to wear them with: Skinny jeans, straight jeans or flares tucked in, short skirts or shorts with tights but rarely with longer skirts.",
"Next: More boots and team member’s top picks!",
"\n\nLizz is a consumer, lover and writer of all things pop culture and the Fashion/Style Editor at Autostraddle.com. ",
"She is also full time medical student at Brown University in Providence, RI. ",
"You can find her on the twitter, the tumblr or even on the instagram.",
"\n\nI have that boot in gray w/ blue zipper!! ",
"I love it, I wear it everyday.",
"\n\nI feel like military and equestrian style overlap because if you look at it historically speaking, military soldiers use to ride horses, right? …. ",
"soooo yeah, there’s gotta be some conflation of the categories.",
"\n\nI think actually, while you’re definitely right about “military” or “combat” boots looking more utilitarian and more like something you’d wear in a horse paddock, the “equestrian” boot or “riding” boot is specifically designed for RIDING the horse, not just taking care of them. ",
"They’re tall to protect your legs from the saddle, etc (read more here, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riding_boot).",
"\n\nOh gosh, don’t cry! ",
"This is a well-researched and entertaining and provocative and beautifully crafted article! ",
"Fashion is overwhelming and confusing and there you are, marching out into the world and trying to make some sense of it for us, with sexy photos and two whole pages of entertainment and everything.",
"\n\nBoots are kind of my thing..I worked in a shoe store all through college..Employee discount helped solidify my footwear obsession..I have 2 shoe closets..It’s a sickness and I don’t care if there’s a cure..I love me some boots!",
"\n\ni need to print this out and save it forever. ",
"i’ve lived in chicago for three years and still feel like i don’t know what to do with boots. ",
"they’re so pretty but i haven’t bought any beyond the purely functional snow boots. ",
"this is because in my hometown of miami, the most popular boot-look is the uggs with a short skirt thing when it drops to 50 degrees outside.",
"\n\nyup tivolis are great! ",
"i got tired of winter boots that got salty in 5 minutes and/or started letting water in, so i was like RUBBER SURROUNDING ENTIRE FOOT, YES. ",
"and yeah..these this are indestructible.",
"\n\nBeautiful article. ",
"Just when I was shopping for a new pair of boots too! ",
"My favorite pair of cowboy boots are actually ankle high, which helps make them more appropriate for city settings I think, but I find it so funny to see all these English girls walking around in very western cowboy boots. ",
"Not even in the right country!",
"\n\nAnd they back it with a 100% satisfaction guarantee..I recently called to order new “Duck Boots” because my 10 year old pair had worn through the rubber sole..The Customer Service rep urged me to send them back instead..And L.L. Bean sent me a friggin new pair! ",
"I love Bean..Bean is the Bomb!",
"\n\nit’s a little late in the season for winter boots where I am since it’s starting to warm up and we’re really heading into march now, but I have to say I have a weakness for over the knee boots (though I think they need to be worn with a specific look), and I also own too many pairs of cowboy boots.",
"\n\nSorel Tivoli plaid boots? ",
"Yes, I own them. ",
"And I also own a pair of red ones. ",
"I’m addicted to Sorel snow boots.",
"\n\nI also own riding boots, the real, evil kind that will leave sores on the backs of your knees and blisters all over your feet. ",
"But they look gorgeous. ",
"And they’re not made for walking anywhere, ever. ",
"I’d have sex in them though. ",
"You don’t have to walk during sex, mostly. ",
"Just sayin’\n\nAlso the category of military boots was sorely lacking in combat boots? ",
"For which Doc Martens are the classic solution. ",
"I personally have a pair of John Fluevog Angel Derby Swirls, which are like DMs but better, I’m convinced. ",
"Really anything that Fluevog sells is pure magic.",
"\n\nI also recently obtained a pair of black equestrian boots by an Austrian company called Gabor, and they’re amazing. ",
"Not sure if they’re available stateside, but they make a fantastic boot\n\nThat lack of combat boots was sort of somewhat intentional. ",
"I don’t personally find the thick sole kind of combat boot to be as versatile as the flatter sole style military boot. ",
"That doesn’t mean you can’t still wear doc martins and love them forever.",
"\n\nAlright, guys. ",
"Are more expensive boots really worth it? ",
"I go to school on a huge campus and walk about 2 miles a day just going to class. ",
"Coupled with New England weather changes this has led me to ruin THREE pairs of rain boots and 2 pairs of regular boots in five semesters.",
"\n\nJust because a boot is expensive, doesn’t mean it’s well made..Materials play a huge factor..So does manufacturing (as I stated earlier..I sold shoes for 4 years) Man-made vs leather vs fabric..How about the sole..Material? ",
"Thickness? ",
"Is it layered and if so..How are the layers formed? ",
"Also, also, also..If you look at that pic of of Toe shapes, You will see single stitch vs double stitch..These are all things to consider when buying a boot/shoe for lasting use and comfort..\n\nBOOTS ARE MY FAVORITE FASHION THING EVER. ",
"I think I wear boots at least 6 days of the week, regardless of the season. ",
"I have six pairs and can never get them to last more than a year, I wear out the soles so much.",
"\n\nI desperately need cowboy boots, though. ",
"And military boots. ",
"And over-the-knee boots. ",
"I clearly need to go shopping.",
"\n\nAlso, I have Coach snow boots, and while they actually have zero insulation, need 2 pairs of thermal socks underneath, and don’t really work in over 4 inches of snow, they’re ADORABLE. ",
"So yea.",
"\n\nRe: Ugg-like things. ",
"I have some and they’re pretty much the most comfortable thing ever. ",
"All of my other boots are nice and pretty, and dammit if I want to wear leggings and comfy boots with a long sweater one day, then I’m going to. ",
"Judge me all you want, I’m just warm.",
"\n\nI came into a pair (in brown) last fall and they are 1) incredibly comfortable, 2) totally waterproof – seriously I wore them on assignment in pouring rain for two days and my feet were completely dry, and 3) reasonably warm without being too hot.",
"\n\nI met my best friend (also gay) when I was in college. ",
"I tend to come off so femme most people never realize I’m mega gay, so after a hanging out a bit I figured I should give him the memo. ",
"He laughed and said he knew before we ever met, of course I asked how and he replied, “I noticed you walking across campus in those combats boots…only a dyke could rock those!” ",
"Lmao.",
"\n\nI wear my combat boots as my dress shoes…and no one knows the difference. ",
"Its gone through semi-formal, job interviews, internship, work…and costuming related stuff. ",
"I do keep them in pretty good shape and polished… so that might be why no one can tell lol\n\nNow i want to go and buy a pair of knee high boots since i just returned a pair which didn’t fit me like i thought it would…\n\nOh, Lizz, you have no idea how much joy this post fills me with. ",
"It’s like porn for boot lovers. ",
"Thanks especially for the diagrams about the different parts and toes of a boot, now I can express exactly what I’m looking for\n\nUmmmm how in god’s name could you forget motorcycle boots, when pretty much every girl with whom I’ve clam jammed was wearing Fryes when I gave her a dyke-nod from across the room, and subsequently approached her, saying, “Hey, may I buy you a drink?”",
"\n\nI’m borderline offended that you failed to include these.",
"\n\nAnd Blundstones or R.M. Williams’ depending on which continent you’re Nancy Sinatra-ing.",
"\n\nTotally bumming that you didn’t devote entire categories to the aforementioned dykifiers.",
"\n\nI like some boots, but it’s hard to find ones that I like that fit. ",
"I have ridiculously small ankles so generally they’re massive around the ankle and my foot comes half way out when I try to take a step.",
"\n\nI love boots! ",
"Thank you for this, it’s a fantastic reference. ",
"I have a lovely pair of snow boots that work for semi-formal events/being inside, actually – they are furry on the inside, and they roll down, to just above the ankle, so it’s this very classy fur boot thing going on (fake fur!), ",
"but not terribly warm. ",
"And as soon as you step outside, you can roll up the “shaft” and be warm again.",
"\n\nI also have to disagree with you a little re: equestrian boots with longer skirts. ",
"I have a lovely pair of equestrian boots (these, actually: http://www.6pm.com/ak-anne-klein-caryn-black-leather) that I adore pairing with a heather grey knee-length A-line skirt, especially with a patterned tight underneath. ",
"Very classy, femme, understated.",
"\n\nI just feel like the Americans ruined the uggboot for us Australians. ",
"They were never meant to be an outside boot! ",
"They are strictly to be worn inside preferably while wearing trackies, pjs or a dressing gown.",
"\n\ni have doc martens chukkas and they are beyond awesome. ",
"additionally they required no wearing in period and were instantaneously comfortable, unlike the regular 8 hole docs which i also find just have too much ankle space. ",
"though, those are classics for a reason (sweet, sweet silhouette)\n\nhowever, I still have two questions:\n-Is there some kind of boot that is appropriate in more formal settings?(except cowboy boots in the south)\n-What about motocycle boot? ",
"Do you have to tuck your pants into them?",
"\n\nNow I’m sad because I want a pair of military boots in brown and I’ll never be able to find one because my feet are awfully small. (",
"35 eu apparently 4 and half in american shoes system).",
"\nLife is very hard for undersized feet people.",
"\n\nOh how I love boots! ",
"I recently dedicated one of my long rambling Tumblr blog posts to that very topic. ",
"Although it was more about boots in Paris but whatever. ",
"This article is just making me want to buy all the kinds I do not own!",
"\n\nMan, the U.K. is really the only place that seems to manufacture decent, high-quality vegan boots. ",
"Wonder why? ",
"My first pair were the vegan Gripfast steel-toed grinders, which I have searched the internet for in vain ever since they stopped making them. ",
"Recently got these guys — http://www.vegetarian-shoes.co.uk/womens_boots/vintage_boot_black/13870_p.html — from Vegetarian Shoes, which are nearly as good — a little more stylish, if possibly a little less hardcore, and required no breaking in. ",
"Fully recommended.",
"\n\nVegetarian Shoes rocks my world. ",
"I discovered the Veggie Trekker Mk 4 on their website (for when I want to clomp around in the snow and feel like a badass), and then was able to order them in the US via Vegan Essentials.",
"\n\nyay for riding boots and over the knee boots, my favorite kind of shoes. ",
"i wear otk boots with short skirts and dresses (with tights) all the time. ",
"my belief is as long as it’s a flat over the knee boot, you don’t look so hoochified if you pair a short skirt or dress with it during the daytime. ",
"they balance each other out and you’re pretty covered. ",
"all you’re showing is upper thigh. ",
"i would never wear a high heeled over the knee boot unless i was going to the club or unless i was wearing it with pants or leggings. ",
"and i used to go to school in upstate new york where it snowed non stop every 10 seconds and i got a pair of hunter rain boots and wore them in the snow and rain. ",
"they’re waterproof either way, and i wore them with boot socks in the snow for warthm.",
"\n\nYAY FINALLY A PICTURE OF THE BEATLES IN THIS PLACE. ",
"As someone who continues to be strongly influenced by the Beatles in my fashion choices, I am very pleased to see them representing Chelsea boots. ",
"Although, I’ve been trying to find a satisfactory pair forever, and I haven’t found them yet. ",
"I might be too picky. ",
"BUT BOOTS ARE JUST SO EXPENSIVE. ",
"And I know that’s obvious, but ugh.",
"\n\nThis was a very enlightening article though. ",
"Especially seeing as I found Autostraddle because I was looking for a place that talked about fashion from a non-heteronormative perspective. ",
"xD YAY MORE FASHION ARTICLES! ",
"<3\n\nThis is like the damn jackpot for a girl who had only worn Chuck Taylors and Adidas indoor soccer sneaks and then had to buy boots when she moved to DC. ",
"The cheap rookie ones I got are already tearing apart. ",
"A new purchase will be made asap.",
"\n\nCan anyone recommend me a good brand for long-lasting, authentic ones? ",
"I know of Frye but they are hella $$$$ and probably not too authentic. ",
"I should have picked up a pair of good cowboy boots when I lived down south haha\n\nI have some Frye boots and if they’re not too far out of your price range I do recommend them. ",
"They’re super comfy and have lasted me more than a year so far of pretty constant usage. ",
"I think Ariat boots are a bit cheaper although maybe not by much. ",
"You could go to zappos.com or bootbarn and do some investigating?",
"\n\nYay! ",
"You've decided to leave a comment. ",
"That's fantastic. ",
"Please keep in mind that comments are moderated by the guidelines laid out in our comment policy. ",
"Let's have a personal and meaningful conversation and thanks for stopping by!"
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"All articles tagged with \"Abuse\"\n\nMistress Rosella and her friend Svenja pissed on this slave because he did not do what they wanted. ",
"They did not want to piss on him in the house because it would have smelled and some pee would have fallen on stuff. ",
"They too him to the balcony and pissed on him without a care in the world. ",
"He had to drink their pee and swallow it. ",
"The one that fell on the floor was his to lick."
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[
"München - Die MS Utting ist in der Nacht auf Mittwoch mit einem Schwerlasttransport nach München gebracht worden. ",
"Dort startet sie in ihr zweites Leben als Kulturschiff. ",
"Mittlerweile steht das Schiff an seinem neuen Standort.",
"\n\nDer ausgemusterte Dampfer MS Utting ist in der Nacht von Dienstag auf Mittwoch in München angekommen - und wurde herzlich empfangen.",
"\n\nAm Mittwochabend wurde das Schiff auf die Brücke über der Lagerhausstraße gehoben, eine knifflige Angelegenheit, die die Kranexperten ohne Zwischenfälle meisterten.",
"\n\nDie alte Dame führt ab jetzt ein neues Leben als Kulturstätte für das Kunstprojekt „Bahnwärter Thiel“.",
"\n\nUnd keine Sorge, liebe Ausflügler: Bereits Mitte April wird eine neue MS Utting im Ammersee zu Wasser gelassen.",
"\n\n+++ Ticker aktualisieren +++\n\n20.03 Uhr: Da steht die MS Utting an ihrem neuen Liegeplatz: Mitten auf der Brücke über die Lagerhausstraße.",
"\n\n19.05 Uhr: Aufregende Tage liegen hinter der MS Utting und dem gesamten Team, das an dem Mega-Umzug beteiligt war. ",
"Im Laufe des Abends wird das Oberteil noch mit dem Rumpf verschraubt, um zu verhindern, dass sich eines der Teile noch verschieben kann. ",
"Wir informieren Sie weiterhin, sollte es Neuigkeiten geben.",
"\n\n19.00 Uhr: Während die Arbeiten am ehemaligen Ausflugsdampfer noch die nach über andauern werden, freut sich Organisator Daniel Hahn, dass sie das Gröbsten nun hinter sich haben. ",
"Er selbst kann es noch gar nicht so richtig fassen, dass das Schiff nun wirklich auf der Brücke steht: „ Ich habe gerade zum ersten Mal hochgeschaut und bin selbst von dem Anblick beeindruckt. ",
"Es dauert noch bis wir so richtig begreifen, dass das was wir monatelang geplant haben, nun real ist.“",
"\n\nMit der neuen Aufgabe als Party-Schiff wird die MS Utting auch einen neuen Namen erhalten. ",
"Darüber will sich Daniel Hahn mit seinem Team erst nach den Arbeiten den Kopf zerbrechen, bislang nennt er das Schiff liebevoll „die alte Dame“. ",
"Er verspricht: „Wir werden sie hegen und pflegen.“",
"\n\n18.24 Uhr: Es dauerte eine halbe Stunde, dann waren Deck und Rumpf der MS Utting nach 24 Stunden Trennung endlich wieder vereint. ",
"Damit sind die Arbeiten an dem Party-Dampfer allerdings noch lange nicht abgeschlossen. ",
"Die Kranführer dürfen im Laufe des Abends zwar Feierabend machen, im Inneren der MS Utting gehen die Arbeiten allerdings weiter, denn die Trennung der zwei Schiffsteile ist nicht spurlos an dem Dampfer vorüber gegangen.",
"\n\n17.37 Uhr: Die Kräne heben nun das Oberdeck auf den Rumpf. ",
"Das heikle Unterfangen wird durch die Windböen zusätzlich erschwert. ",
"Hier können Sie sich das Video von der Prozedur noch einmal ansehen:\n\n16.06 Uhr: Bevor das Deck auf die Brücke gehoben wird, platzieren die Arbeiter neben dem Rumpf einen Container. ",
"Der soll später während dem Partybetrieb als Gastro-Lager dienen. ",
"Die Organisatoren wollen anscheinend keine Zeit verlieren und das Schiff so schnell wie möglich bereit machen für die Gäste.",
"\n\n+ Arbeiter platzieren neben dem Rumpf einen Container. ",
"© Steinke\n\n15.22 Uhr: Der Rumpf steht bereits auf der Brücke, nun fehlt nur noch das Oberdeck. ",
"Noch am Nachmittag sollen Kräne dem Dampfer sein Deck zurückgeben. ",
"Wir halten Sie in unserem Ticker auf dem Laufenden. ",
"Die abschließenden Arbeiten werden wir für Sie live bei Facebook streamen. ",
"Den Stream finden Sie natürlich auch hier im Ticker.",
"\n\n+ Der Rumpf ist schon auf der Brücke, fehlt nur noch das Oberteil. ",
"© Steinke\n\n+ Arbeiter entfernen die Leinen. ",
"© Steinke 14.49 Uhr: Schmidbauer und seine Kollegen entfernen die Leinen, an denen das Boot befestigt ist. ",
"Anscheinend dauern die Arbeiten wesentlich länger als gedacht: Die Genehmigung muss nun verlängert werden bis Donnerstag Mittag.",
"\n\n13.03 Uhr: Besitzer Daniel Hahn ist zufrieden: \"Nach anfänglichen Schwierigkeiten mit dem Wind bin ich extrem froh, dass der erste Teil des Schiffes jetzt auf der Brücke ist. ",
"Den zweiten Teil wollen wir heute auf jeden Fall noch aufsetzen.",
"\n\n+ Der Rumpf steht, das Deck soll folgen. ",
"© Sapper\n\n12.17 Uhr: Als nächster Schritt werden die Seile am Deck angebracht - das hat beim Rumpf bereits länger gedauert.",
"\n\n+ Das Schiff bekommt Stützen. ",
"© Sapper\n\n12.11 Uhr: Wir beenden unseren Livestream.",
"\n\n12.09 Uhr: Laut Informationen unseres Reporters Michael Sapper, wird die Aktion noch mindestens zwei bis drei Stunden dauern, das Aufsetzen des Decks wird kompliziert: Die Querbalken müssen einrasten und verschraubt werden, da ist Maßarbeit gefragt.",
"\n\n12.02 Uhr: Der Rumpf ist aufgesetzt.",
"\n\n11.50 Uhr: Die MS Utting wird auf ein Podest gesetzt. ",
"Dafür wurden massive Holzpaletten aufgebaut, die das Schiff tragen sollen.",
"\n\n11.44 Uhr: Millimeterweise bewegt sich der Rumpf durch die Luft.",
"\n\nMS Utting wird auf Brücke gehoben\n\n10.59 Uhr: Der Rumpf des Schiffes soll nun auf die Brücke gehoben werden. ",
"Wir streamen live:\n\n10.52 Uhr: In wenigen Minuten streamen wir live.",
"\n\n10.17 Uhr: Rund 100 Zuschauer sehen sich vor Ort an, wie die Vorbereitungen laufen.",
"\n\n9.54 Uhr: Die Seile werden angebracht - am ersten Kran hängt die MS Utting bereits.",
"\n\n+ Per Kran wird das Schiff angehoben. ",
"© Steinke\n\n9.23 Uhr: Die Johanniter haben sich als neue Nachbarn eine ganz besondere Begrüßung überlegt: Mit Blaulichtgewitter haben sie das Schiff in München willkommen geheißen. ",
"Hier die tollen Bilder:\n\n8.00 Uhr: Laut unserem Reporter Patrick Steinke soll es gegen 10 Uhr weitergehen. ",
"Vorher müssen ein Baum zurecht geschnitten und das Boot angehängt werden.",
"\n\nEinige Schaulustige begleiten die MS Utting mit dem Fahrrad\n\n7.35 Uhr: Aktuell steht die MS Utting unter der Brücke an der Lagerhausstraße. ",
"Die Kräne, die das Schiff anheben sollen, sind schon in Bewegung - allerdings ist der Dampfer noch nicht angehängt.",
"\n\n7.30 Uhr: In der Nacht waren 20 bis 30 Schaulustige vor Ort, um das Spektakel zu beobachten. ",
"Einige begleiteten das Schiff sogar mit dem Fahrrad.",
"\n\n+ Hier ist die MS Utting auf dem Mittleren Ring unterwegs. ",
"© Sapper\n\nMittwoch, 7.22 Uhr: Die MS Utting ist in München angekommen. ",
"In der Nacht war das Schiff im Süden Münchens unterwegs gewesen, der Transport verlief weitestgehend störungsfrei. ",
"Nur an der Abfahrt zum Brudermühltunnel sei es eng geworden, sagt unser Reporter. ",
"Das Schiff schrammte an einem Felsen auf einer Verkehrsinsel vorbei.",
"\n\nMS Utting in München angekommen\n\n22.15 Uhr: Laut Informationen unseres Reporters, der den Transport begleitet, wird die MS Utting gegen 0 Uhr der Münchner Polizei übergeben. ",
"Der Streckenabschnitt zwischen der Tegernseer Landstraße und dem Brudermühltunnel wird dann voraussichtlich beidseitig gesperrt. ",
"Derzeit befindet sich der Schwertransport auf der A99.",
"\n\n20.15 Uhr: Fahren wird den einen Schwertransport Friedrich Saam, der auch schon die Concorde transportiert hat. \"",
"Die Fahrt ist nicht so tragisch\", sagt er. \"",
"Ein Knackpunkt ist aber der Allacher Tunnel. ",
"Dort müssen wir die Höhe einhalten.\" ",
"Zwischen 5 und 60 Stundenkilometer wird er heute Abend auf dem Weg nach München fahren.",
"\n\n17.55 Uhr: Die Traube der Schaulustigen löst sich langsam auf, es hat wieder zu regnen begonnen. ",
"Bauleiter Paul Dyckhoff hat an mehreren Stellen Vorrichtungen angeschweißt, damit Seile durchgeführt werden können. ",
"Die sollen den Rumpf beim Abtransport sichern. ",
"Die Sicherungsarbeiten werden wohl noch eine Weile andauern.",
"\n\n15.57 Uhr: Der Rumpf der MS Utting wird noch ausreichend gesichert, dann ist der Schwertransport bereit für die sechstündige Fahrt nach München Sendling. ",
"Gegen 21 Uhr setzt sich der Tross in Bewegung. ",
"Ein Team von Wannda e.V. demontiert auf dem Weg zur Autobahn alle Verkehrsschilder, damit die großen Transporter mit den Schiffsteilen auch gut durchkommen. ",
"Zeitgleich werden in München in der Lagerhausstraße bereits die Kräne aufgebaut, die das Schiff wieder von den Tiefladern heben sollen.",
"\n\n14.36 Uhr: Es ist geschafft! ",
"Der Rumpf wurde erfolgreich auf den Tieflader gehoben, bis auf eine kleine Berührung mit dem Kran lief alles reibungslos. ",
"Jetzt wird der untere Teil der MS Utting für den Transport fixiert. ",
"In wenigen Stunden geht es auf die A96 Richtung München.",
"\n\n14.25 Uhr: Mit diesem Schiff verbindet so manch einer tiefe Emotionen, vor allem die, die mit ihm sehr viel Zeit verbracht haben. ",
"Helmut Tröbensberger war von 1991 bis 2016 Kapitän der MS Utting. ",
"Zum Abschied hat er drei Mal die Feuerglocke geläutet. ",
"Er sagt: \"Ich bin einfach nur froh, dass sie in München erhalten bleibt.“",
"\n\n+ Ein letztes Mal berühren: Der Kapitän nimmt Abschied von seiner „MS Utting“. ",
"© Raviol\n\nEine Frau schreibt bei Facebook: Ich habe auf der „Utting“ geheiratet\n\n14.11 Uhr: Einige teilen wunderschöne Erinnerungen an die MS Utting. ",
"Auf unserer Facebook-Seite schreibt eine Userin, dass sie 1985 auf dem Dampfer geheiratet habe.",
"\n\n14 Uhr: Das Bild ist beeindruckend. ",
"Der Rumpf der „alten Dame“ schwebt in der Luft, im Hintergrund der Ammersee und die „Herrsching“ und „Augsburg“, als würden sie zum Abschied patrouillieren. ",
"Einige Schaulustige haben seit 9 Uhr auf diesen Moment gewartet.",
"\n\n13.55 Uhr: Nun hebt auch der Rumpf der MS Utting ab. ",
"Die Reise in das zweite Leben des Schiffes ist jetzt endgültig angebrochen. ",
"Servus, Ammersee!",
"\n\nIm Video: Rumpf der MS Utting schwebt in der Luft\n\nBei dem starken Wellengang kämpfen die Taucher sehr\n\n13.50 Uhr: Ein Wasserwachtler hielt per Funk Kontakt zu den Tauchern. ",
"Der zweite kommt gerade aus dem Wasser, war 45 Minuten drin, der erste 30 Minuten. \"",
"Lief alles sehr gut“, sagt ein Wasserwachtler. ",
"Jetzt kann das Anheben des Rumpfes beginnen\n\n+ Die Taucher der Wasserwacht werden die Hebegurte an der MS Utting montieren. ",
"Keine leichte Aufgabe bei starkem Wellengang. ",
"© Raviol\n\n13.26 Uhr: Dem ersten Taucher ging es kurzzeitig nicht gut. ",
"Der Wellengang war stark, es dauerte sehr lang und ihm wurde schlecht. ",
"Er hat sich aber mittlerweile wieder erholt. ",
"Das zeigt, wie anspruchsvoll die Aufgabe ist. ",
"Der zweite Taucher hat übernommen - bisher ist alles im Zeitplan.",
"\n\n13.11 Uhr: Der zweite Taucher startet.",
"\n\nDie Taucher haben unter Wasser nur eine Sichtweite von 50 Zentimetern\n\n12.37 Uhr: Mittlerweile haben sich rund 50 Schaulustige versammelt. ",
"Bauleiter Paul Dyckhoff bereitet derweil das Oberdeck für den Abtransport vor, indem er die Stahlträger anpasst, die zu breit für den Transport wären.",
"\n\n12.10 Uhr: Die Taucher stehen bereit. ",
"Sie werden die Gurte anlegen. ",
"Eine sportliche Aufgabe: Unter Wasser beträgt die Sichtweite nur 50 Zentimeter.",
"\n\n11.45 Uhr: Das Schiff wird nochmal gemessen, die Gurte schweben bereits in der Luft wie riesige Schaukeln. ",
"Die Taucher werden vom Kranexperten Stefan Schmidbauer eingewiesen: \"Ihr müsst schauen, dass die Bänder an den scharfen Kanten nicht beschädigt werden.\"",
"\n\n+ Riesen-Schlaufen: Hiermit wird der Rumpf angehoben. ",
"© Raviol\n\n11.30 Uhr: Die Wasserwacht trifft sich zu einer letzten Besprechung - bevor die Taucher ins Wasser gehen. ",
"Knapp 20 Schaulustige sind übrig, immerhin hat der Regen aufgehört.",
"\n\n10.30 Uhr: Taucher werden nun die Hebegurte am Rumpf des Schiffes anbringen, das soll laut Zeitplan bis 13 Uhr erfolgen. ",
"Danach wird der Rumpf verladen - wir werden voraussichtlich wieder einen Livestream schalten.",
"\n\n+ Arbeiter bereiten Hebegurte zur Verladung des Rumpfes der MS Utting vor. ",
"© Raviol\n\n10 Uhr: An einigen Stellen musste nachgeflext werden, ansonsten lief alles prächtig. ",
"Das Oberdeck liegt auf dem Tieflader auf. ",
"Jetzt geht es an den Rumpf. ",
"Die Taucher stehen bereit.",
"\n\nImmer mehr Schaulustige beobachten den Abflug der MS Utting\n\n9.50 Uhr: Der Regen wird stärker. ",
"Trotzdem kommen immer mehr Schaulustige heran, um zu beobachten, wie die MS Utting für den Transport vorbereitet wird.",
"\n\n9.30 Uhr: Was für ein Bild! ",
"Das Oberheck wird vom Rumpf der alten Dame MS Utting gehoben. ",
"Es schwebt über dem Ammersee, auf dem das Schiff seit so vielen Jahren Ausflüglern schöne Stunden beschert hat. ",
"Die beiden Teile werden separat aufgeladen, nur so ist der Transport nach München möglich. ",
"Hier sehen Sie den Livestream:\n\n9.15 Uhr: August Jakob hat die Dienststelle der Bayerischen Seenschifffahrt am Ammersee 30 Jahre lang geleitet, bis 2002. ",
"Klar, dass er heute dabei ist: \"Das Spektakel schaue ich mir heute an. ",
"Schön, dass das Schiff in München dann quasi weiter lebt.\"",
"\n\nKetten werden an der MS Utting angebracht\n\n8.26 Uhr: Die ersten Ketten werden am Oberdeck der MS Utting angebracht. ",
"Ab 10 Uhr führen Taucher Seile unter dem Rumpf durch. ",
"Einer von ihnen ist Julian Milberg (30), der schon ganz aufgeregt ist: \"Ich bin seit 13 Jahren Rettungstaucher. ",
"Aber das hatte ich auch noch nicht.",
"\n\n8 Uhr: Die Tieflader stehen bereits in Stegen bereit. ",
"Demnächst werden die Taucher in den Ammersee springen und die Hebegurte anbringen.",
"\n\nDienstag, 7.45 Uhr: Die Planer rechnen heute mit Regen. ",
"Noch ist es trocken, windet aber sehr. ",
"Kranexperte Stefan Schmidbauer erklärt: \"Regen macht beim Heben eigentlich nichts aus. ",
"Problematisch könnten Windböen werden. ",
"Aber der Wind geht durch das Oberdeck gut durch, der Rumpf ist schwer genug und dadurch stabil.\"",
"\n\nMS Utting zieht nach München: Vorbereitungen vom Montag\n\n18 Uhr: Die Vorbereitungen an der MS Utting sind für heute beendet. ",
"Wir halten Sie ab Dienstag, wenn die Vorbereitungen in die heiße Phase gehen weiter auf dem Laufenden.",
"\n\n17.45 Uhr: Am Dienstag wird es spannend, der Schwertransport mit dem zerlegten Schiff tritt seine Reise nach München an. ",
"Stefan Schmidbauer vom gleichnamigen Kran-Unternehmen zählt auf Nachfrage unserer Onlineredaktion die kritischsten Stellen in der Stadt auf: \"Vom Transport her ist der Candidtunnel ziemlich eng, oben auch die Überführung Schäftlarnstraße/ Brudermühltunnel, da wird noch einmal umgehängt, weil sonst das komplette Fahrzeug mit der Länge nicht um die Kurve herumkommt.\" ",
"Gegen 3 Uhr am Mittwoch sollte der Tross in der Lagerhausstraße ankommen.",
"\n\n17.22 Uhr: Kurzzeitig ging das Gerücht herum, dass das Kran-Unternehmen \"Schmidbauer\" zum Nulltarif arbeitet. ",
"Dem ist nicht so, aber: \"Wir haben relativ gut mitgesponsert, mit sehr spitzem Bleistift gerechnet und die Kosten niedrig gehalten\", erklärt Stefan Schmidbauer. ",
"Er kennt die MS Utting, ist mit ihr schon über den Ammersee geschippert und froh darüber, dass das Boot nicht einfach nur verschrottet wird - sondern ein schönes zweites Leben als Kulturheimat bekommt.",
"\n\nDie MS Utting aus dem Wasser zu heben, ist für die Kranexperten Routine\n\n15.49 Uhr:Unser Videoreporter Patrick Steinke macht sich vor Ort ein Bild von den Vorbereitungen zum Transport. ",
"Sie können im Livestream alles mitverfolgen. ",
"Am Dienstag wird es richtig spannend, auch der Veranstalter ist schon aufgeregt, klappt der Transport wie geplant?",
"\n\n15.16 Uhr: Paul Dyckhoff (25) arbeitet seit zwei Monaten jeden Tag an der MS Utting. ",
"Er ist für das Auseinander- und Wieder-Zusammenbauen des Bootes zuständig. ",
"Er hat die gesamte Innenausstattung ausgeräumt und vier Tonnen Träger eingebaut. \"",
"Das gesamte Oberdeck wird von einem Kran abgehoben und liegt dann an den Trägern auf\", erklärt er.",
"\n\n+ Paul Dyckhoff hat das Boot von innen fertig für die große Reise gemacht. ",
"Immerhin soll es so wieder in München aufgebaut werden. ",
"© Ravio\n\n14.44 Uhr: Drei lange Lastwagen und ein „Schwertransport“-Beifahrzeug rollen gerade an. ",
"Der Zeitplan zur Vorbereitung des Transports war laut Stefan Schmidbauer vom Kranunternehmen ziemlich eng: In nur drei Wochen stand der Plan für den Umzug der MS Utting von Stegen nach München.",
"\n\n14.33 Uhr: Unser Videoreporter Patrick Steinke hat vor Ort mit Stefan Schmidbauer (Technischer Leiter Großkranabteilung) gesprochen. ",
"Ein Schiff aus dem Wasser zu heben, sei für ihn und seine Arbeiter nicht so außergewöhnlich. „",
"Interessant wird es aber, in der Lagerhausstraße in München das Schiff auf eine Brücke zu positionieren“, erklärt er. ",
"Bis dahin - also Mittwoch - ist allerdings noch einiges zu tun.",
"\n\n+ Stefan Schmidbauer, Technischer Leiter Großkranabteilung: „Ich hoffe auf ein schönes zweites Leben für unsere MS Utting.“ ",
"© Ste inke\n\n14.20 Uhr: Das Boot, auf dem viele Touristen und Einheimische fröhliche Stunden auf dem Ammersee verbracht haben, ist ausgeschlachtet und wirkt wie ein Geisterschiff. ",
"Kleiner Trost für alle Dampferfans: In München wird es von den „Bahnwärter Thiel“-Leuten zu neuem Leben erweckt.",
"\n\nMS Utting: Am Montagnachmittag beginnen die Transport-Vorbereitungen\n\n14 Uhr: Jetzt wird es ernst. ",
"Die Vorbereitungen laufen am Montagnachmittag an. ",
"Arbeiter bauen Kräne am Steg neben der MS Utting auf.",
"\n\n12.40 Uhr: Die letzten Stunden des beliebten Fahrgastschiffes MS Utting an seinem Heimathafen in Stegen (Landkreis Starnberg) brechen an. ",
"Bis 18 Uhr sollen die Kräne aufgebaut werden, die Rumpf und Oberdeck auf zwei Tieflader heben sollen.",
"\n\n12 Uhr: Das Wetter am Ammersee ist sonnig bis bewölkt. ",
"Besser wäre es für die Arbeiter, wenn es trocken bliebe. ",
"Den Tauchern am Dienstagmorgen dürfte das allerdings ziemlich egal sein.",
"\n\n+ Bild aus besseren Tagen: Die MS Utting mit Publikum im Biergarten an der Uferpromenade in Stegen. ",
"© Ralf Kruse\n\n+++ Ab hier beginnt der Ticker mit aktuellen Informationen (aufsteigend). ",
"Unten können Sie allgemeine Informationen nachlesen. ",
"+++\n\nUmzug der MS Utting von Stegen nach München: Zeitplan\n\nAm Montag wird das ausgemusterte Fahrgastschiff MS Utting mit Tiefladern vom Ammersee nach München transportiert, wo es übermorgen als Kulturboot am Großmarktgelände ankern soll. ",
"Zuvor muss das Boot an seinem Liegeplatz in Stegen am Ammersee ins Trockene gehoben werden.",
"\n\nDa die MS Utting in ihrer gesamten Größe nicht durch die Brücken zwischen Utting und München passt, wird sie geteilt. ",
"Rumpf und Oberdeck werden auf zwei Tieflader gehoben, die jeweils 24 Achsen haben.",
"Der Transport beginnt um 21 Uhr in Utting, fährt über die A96 bis zur Nordumfahrung A99, um dann über die A995, um Mitternacht am McGraw-Graben anzukommen.",
"\n\nOrganisatoren vom Bahnwärter Thiel verwandeln MS Utting in ein Eventboot\n\nNach einer Stunde fahren die Transporte durch den Candidtunnel (halbstündige Sperrung), um 1.30 Uhr über die Brudermühlbrücke (halbstündige Sperrung) bis zur Schäftlarnstraße. ",
"Um 3 Uhr sollen die Tieflader die Lagerhausstraße erreichen, wo das Schiff ab 7 Uhr von drei Kränen auf die stillgelegte Eisenbahnbrücke über der Lagerhausstraße gehoben wird. ",
"Bis 11 Uhr wird das gesamte Boot seinen neuen Liegeplatz einnehmen.",
"\n\nIn den Wochen danach verwandeln die Organisatoren vom Bahnwärter Thiel auf dem Großmarktgelände das Trumm in ein Eventboot, mit Deck-Café und Lesungen im Bauch des Schiffes. ",
"Dann wird getestet: Was am besten ankommt,wird den Kulturdampfer in Zukunft befeuern.",
"\n\nTransport der MS Utting: Das müssen Autofahrer auf der A96 und in München wissen\n\nFür den Transport der MS Utting nach München werden in der Nacht von Dienstag auf Mittwoch (zwischen 21 Uhr und voraussichtlich 3 Uhr) einige Sperren errichtet.",
"\n\n- Bereits um 20 Uhr wird die Lagerhausstraße in München komplett gesperrt.",
"\n\n- Die A96 wird temporär gesperrt.",
"\n\n- Zwischen 1 und 1.30 Uhr: Vollsperrung Candidtunnel\n\n- Zwischen 1.30 und 2 Uhr: Vollsperrung Brudermühltunnel\n\nDas ist die Route des Schwertransporters - einmal um München herum\n\nFür einen Autofahrer würde der Weg gerade einmal eine Stunde dauern, zu nachtschlafener Zeit in München sogar realistisch. ",
"Der Schwertransporter wird voraussichtlich sechs Stunden unterwegs sein von Stegen nach München - über die A96, A99, B2R und Schäftlarnstraße zur Lagerhausstraße.",
"\n\nUnser Videoreporter vor Ort ist Patrick Steinke.",
"\n\nRubriklistenbild: © Steinke"
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"Customer Questions & Answers\n\nIf you have got to purchase HP 2615 cartridges, InkQatar offer what you need! ",
"Tracking down your printer's proper ink cartridges tends to be a time intensive problem, particularly when it means being forced to go to or perhaps even email different stores. ",
"Nevertheless, getting hold of your 2615 cartridges doesn't always have to have to be a difficult experience. ",
"Buy some HP 2615 ink here at InkQatar.",
"\n\nHP 2615 Ink Cartridges Delivered Next Day\n\nWe offer you fast delivery on any order of low cost HP printer cartridges, irrespective of how much you order. ",
"HP 2615 printer supplies purchased online from InkQatar are also protected by our 30 day cash-back guarantee. ",
"You don't want to lose out when prices are this good.",
"\n\nHP Photosmart 2615 Ink Cartridges Printer Review\n\nExpert review of the HP Photosmart 2615 printer20 February 2012\n\nOur Verdict:\n\nChoosing the right printer for you and your specific needs can be something of a challenge these days, but this is only because the sheer amount of choice available to you on the market is so impressive. ",
"If you are on the lookout for a home printer which provides fine print outs and will even allow you to produce realistic and impressive photos, then the HP Photosmart 2615 might be the ideal choice for you as there are many perks that come with this fine and understated home printer.",
"\n\nDesign\n\nThe HP Photosmart 2615 is actually a rather attractive number and, like many in the Photosmart range, this printer has been designed with your home in mind. ",
"The HP Photosmart 2615 comes in a rather fetching silver/grey finish and the machine boasts a range of very aesthetically pleasing curves and yet the overall look is actually rather simple. ",
"So, if you want a printer which is attractive, but will not steal the focus in any particular room, then the HP Photosmart 2615 might be an ideal addition to your current set up.",
"\n\nAdvantages\n\nThe best advantages where the HP Photosmart 2615 is concerned can be located in the printer's results. ",
"The HP Photosmart 2615 produces some very impressive print outs and photographs and furthermore, it boasts a user friendly system which has become synonymous with the Photosmart range. ",
"It's easy to use and the results will certainly please.",
"\n\nDisadvantages\n\nThere are hardly any drawbacks to the HP Photosmart 2615 in truth. ",
"If you were to really seek one out, it's that printer ink might begin to get a little pricey after a while, particularly if you've a large printing job on the go. ",
"However, as a home printer, the HP Photosmart 2615 is a very impressive number indeed."
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[
"Search form\n\nOur Campaigns\n\nGo Solar\n\nEvery year, enough sunlight shines on America to provide 100 more times power than we need. ",
"We just need to harness it.",
"\n\nFortunately, more Americans are going solar every day. ",
"By 2017, our country had enough solar energy capacity installed to power the equivalent of more than 10 million homes.",
"\n\nYet we’re still not even close to reaching solar’s potential. ",
"Every year enough sunlight shines on America to provide 100 times more power than we need. ",
"We’re capturing a tiny percentage of it. ",
"Harnessing more of this power would mean cleaner air and a more stable climate; less strain on natural resources and more resilient communities; and an energy source we can depend on to be virtually pollution-free for as long as we can imagine.",
"\n\nSo what’s slowing us down? ",
"What, if anything, can stop us?",
"\n\nIn some places, we’re thinking too small, failing to update policies that would encourage even more Americans to go solar. ",
"In other places, we’re thinking too narrowly, putting the short-term interests of old industries with outdated business models ahead of our health, environment and well-being.",
"\n\nShining Cities\n\nCities are primary drivers of the growth in solar in America. ",
"In 2017, just 20 U.S. cities had as much solar power capacity as the entire country did in 2010. ",
"These cities account for 4 percent of U.S. solar capacity representing just 0.1 percent of U.S. land area.",
"\n\nLos Angeles / zhu difeng via Shutterstock.com\n\nThe cities that set higher goals, ensure homeowners receive a fair price for the solar energy they supply to the grid, make installing panels hassle-free, and provide attractive financing options are generating more solar than similar cities.",
"\n\nThat's why we're doing the research, educating decision-makers, and showing the public how their cities can lead on solar.",
"\n\nFor example:\n\nAt the urging of our network, a bipartisan group of 180 U.S. mayors representing cities in 42 states resolved to make solar power a key element of their communities’ energy plans.",
"\n\nWe released our tool kit, “Ten ways your city can go solar,” to show citizens the steps their cities can take to tap into the virtually unlimited potential of the sun.",
"\n\nOur report, \"Shining Cities 2018,\" found that solar energy is more popular than ever, with enough capacity installed to power 10.1 million American homes. ",
"It also ranked the top 20 U.S. cities for total installed solar capacity, with Los Angeles coming in at No. ",
"1.",
"\n\nEven as we make the case for solar on environmental grounds, we’re bringing together a broad coalition that can offer a variety of reasons to persuade local officials to act — from “Green Tea Party” activists in Georgia who want “energy freedom” to solar installers in Arizona who want green jobs, from low-income communities in Massachusetts who want cleaner air to business owners in Colorado who want to power their breweries and cafes with solar.",
"\n\nYet with a president and Congress who range from hostile to indifferent in their attitudes toward solar power, it’s more important than ever that we act locally on solar.",
"\n\nStand up for solar\n\nEvery great technological advance disrupts one or more existing industries, and solar is no exception.",
"\n\nA few utilities, including Green Mountain Power in Vermont, have embraced solar, retooling their business models around a grid with thousands of homes generating power as well as consuming it. ",
"Unfortunately, others have been less forward-thinking. ",
"Threatened by the growth of an energy source that requires less capital investment but smarter distribution, many electric utilities and their trade associations are pushing to roll back the policies that have enabled and encouraged solar’s growth. ",
"Fossil fuel interests, including the Koch brothers, have also lobbied regulators and others to weaken or dismantle these policies.",
"\n\nDan Jacobson, Environment California\n\nOur report, \"Blocking the Sun,\" found that electric utilities, fossil fuel interests and powerful industry front groups have been chipping away at the key policies that have put solar energy on the map in the United States — often in the face of strong objections from a supportive public.",
"\n\nIn Wisconsin, the Consumer Energy Alliance (CEA) — a Houston-based front group for the fossil fuel industry, representing fossil fuel companies like ExxonMobil, Chevron and Shell Oil — submitted 2,500 dubious signatures in support of a utility rate case to increase costs for solar customers.",
"\n\nWe’re countering misinformation with facts, including data showing how solar’s benefits to utilities and their customers outweigh the costs of pro-solar incentives. ",
"As in our Shining Cities project, we’re putting the environment first while bringing together leaders from an array of fields.",
"\n\nAmerica still has a chance to lead on solar, even with Donald Trump in the White House. ",
"But only if we sweep past the special interests that are clinging to the business models of the past.",
"\n\nEnvironment America Research and Policy Center is part of The Public Interest Network, which operates and supports organizations committed to a shared vision of a better world and a strategic approach to getting things done."
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[
"CHDIR \".\\programs\\samples\\thebob\\pongg\"\r\n\r\n'****************************************************************************\r\n'------- PGFX.BAS ---- A utility to create graphics files for PONGG! --------",
"\r\n'****************************************************************************\r\n\r\nDEFINT A-Z\r\nDECLARE SUB PrintSTRING (x, y, Prnt$, Font)\r\nDIM SHARED Box(32000)\r\n\r\nSCREEN 12\r\nGOSUB SetPALETTE\r\nGOSUB GetSPRITES\r\nGOSUB DrawFONT\r\nGOSUB GetWORDS\r\nGOSUB GetFONT\r\nGOSUB GetSCREEN\r\nGOSUB GetOVERLAYS\r\nGOSUB GetPOPUPS\r\n\r\nCLS\r\nLINE (5, 5)-(634, 474), 12, B\r\nLINE (8, 8)-(631, 471), 12, B\r\nLINE (200, 180)-(439, 290), 12, B\r\nLINE (197, 177)-(442, 293), 12, B\r\nPrintSTRING 250, 212, \"The graphics files for PONGG!\", ",
"1\r\nPrintSTRING 243, 226, \"have been successfully created.\", ",
"1\r\nPrintSTRING 246, 250, \"You can now run the program.\", ",
"1\r\n\r\na$ = INPUT$(1)\r\nEND\r\n\r\nGetSCREEN:\r\nFOR x = 30 TO 600 STEP 10\r\n Count = Count + 1\r\n IF Count MOD 2 THEN Colr = 14 ELSE Colr = 4\r\n LINE (x, 459)-(x + 9, 460), Colr, BF\r\nNEXT x\r\nCIRCLE (73, 126), 30, 5\r\nCIRCLE (73, 126), 50, 5\r\nPAINT (73, 90), 5\r\nCIRCLE (565, 126), 30, 5\r\nCIRCLE (565, 126), 50, 5\r\nPAINT (565, 90), 5\r\nCIRCLE (73, 126), 60, 6\r\nCIRCLE (73, 126), 80, 6\r\nPAINT (73, 196), 6\r\nCIRCLE (565, 126), 60, 6\r\nCIRCLE (565, 126), 80, 6\r\nPAINT (565, 196), 6\r\nCIRCLE (73, 126), 90, 10\r\nCIRCLE (73, 126), 120, 10\r\nPAINT (73, 236), 10\r\nCIRCLE (565, 126), 90, 10\r\nCIRCLE (565, 126), 120, 10\r\nPAINT (565, 236), 10\r\nCIRCLE (73, 126), 25, 3\r\nPAINT STEP(0, 0), 3\r\nCIRCLE STEP(0, 0), 20, 15\r\nPAINT STEP(0, 0), 15\r\nCIRCLE STEP(0, 0), 20, 8\r\nCIRCLE STEP(0, 0), 16, 8\r\nPAINT STEP(17, 0), 8\r\nPrintSTRING 68, 120, \"25\", 2\r\nCIRCLE (565, 126), 25, 2\r\nPAINT STEP(0, 0), 2\r\nCIRCLE STEP(0, 0), 20, 15\r\nPAINT STEP(0, 0), 15\r\nCIRCLE STEP(0, 0), 20, 8\r\nCIRCLE STEP(0, 0), 16, 8\r\nPAINT STEP(17, 0), 8\r\nPrintSTRING 560, 120, \"50\", 2\r\nFOR x = 53 TO 93\r\n FOR y = 126 TO 146\r\n IF POINT(x, y) = 8 THEN PSET (x, y), 7\r\n IF POINT(x + 492, y) = 8 THEN PSET (x + 492, y), 7\r\n NEXT y\r\nNEXT x\r\nFOR x = 63 TO 83\r\n FOR y = 120 TO 136\r\n IF POINT(x, y) = 7 THEN PSET (x, y), 0\r\n IF POINT(x + 492, y) = 7 THEN PSET (x + 492, y), 0\r\n NEXT y\r\nNEXT x\r\nLINE (0, 0)-(6, 479), 0, BF\r\nLINE (633, 0)-(639, 479), 0, BF\r\nLINE (5, 5)-(634, 48), 5, BF\r\nLINE (5, 468)-(634, 478), 5, BF\r\nPrintSTRING 10, 467, \"Copyright (C) 2007 by Bob Seguin\", 1\r\nPrintSTRING 480, 467, \"Email: BOBSEG@sympatico.ca\", 1\r\nFOR x = 5 TO 634\r\n FOR y = 468 TO 478\r\n IF POINT(x, y) <> 5 THEN PSET (x, y), 12\r\n NEXT y\r\nNEXT x\r\nPUT (287, 113), Box(29000), PSET\r\nPrintSTRING 22, 21, \"REMAINING LIVES:\", 2\r\nPrintSTRING 504, 21, \"PLAYER SCORE:\", 2\r\nFOR x = 22 TO 100\r\n FOR y = 20 TO 34\r\n IF y > 28 THEN Colr = 7 ELSE Colr = 8\r\n IF POINT(x, y) = 13 THEN PSET (x, y), Colr\r\n IF POINT(x + 480, y) = 13 THEN PSET (x + 480, y), Colr\r\n NEXT y\r\nNEXT x\r\nFOR x = 287 TO 360\r\n FOR y = 113 TO 150\r\n IF y > 127 THEN Colr = 7 ELSE Colr = 8\r\n IF POINT(x, y) <> 0 THEN PSET (x, y - 100), Colr\r\n PSET (x, y), 0\r\n NEXT y\r\nNEXT x\r\nFOR yy = 110 TO 350 STEP 40\r\n FOR x = 240 TO 360\r\n FOR y = 0 TO 50\r\n IF POINT(x, y) = 7 OR POINT(x, y) = 8 THEN PSET (x, y + yy), 9\r\n NEXT y\r\n NEXT x\r\nNEXT yy\r\nCIRCLE (27, 77), 20, 13, 1.57, 3.14\r\nCIRCLE (29, 79), 20, 13, 1.57, 3.14\r\nCIRCLE (612, 77), 20, 13, 0, 1.57\r\nCIRCLE (610, 79), 20, 13, 0, 1.57\r\nCIRCLE (29, 441), 20, 13, 3.14, 4.71\r\nCIRCLE (27, 443), 20, 13, 3.14, 4.71\r\nCIRCLE (610, 441), 20, 13, 4.71, 0\r\nCIRCLE (612, 443), 20, 13, 4.71, 0\r\nLINE (27, 57)-(612, 57), 13\r\nLINE (29, 59)-(610, 59), 13\r\nLINE (27, 463)-(612, 463), 13\r\nLINE (29, 461)-(610, 461), 13\r\nLINE (7, 77)-(7, 443), 13\r\nLINE (9, 79)-(9, 441), 13\r\nLINE (632, 77)-(632, 443), 13\r\nLINE (630, 79)-(630, 441), 13\r\nLINE (119, 132)-(520, 380), 12, B\r\nLINE (139, 142)-(500, 370), 12, B\r\nCount = 0\r\nDEF SEG = VARSEG(Box(0))\r\nFOR y = 0 TO 320 STEP 160\r\n GET (0, y)-(639, y + 159), Box()\r\n Count = Count + 1\r\n FileNAME$ = \"pongg\" + LTRIM$(RTRIM$(STR$(Count))) + \".bsv\"\r\n BSAVE FileNAME$, VARPTR(Box(0)), 52000\r\nNEXT y\r\nDEF SEG\r\nRETURN\r\n\r\nDrawFONT:\r\nRESTORE FontDATA\r\nMaxWIDTH = 581\r\nMaxDEPTH = 104\r\nx = 0: y = 0\r\n\r\nDO\r\n READ Count, Colr\r\n FOR Reps = 1 TO Count\r\n PSET (x, y), Colr\r\n x = x + 1\r\n IF x > MaxWIDTH THEN\r\n x = 0\r\n y = y + 1\r\n END IF\r\n NEXT Reps\r\nLOOP UNTIL y > MaxDEPTH\r\nRETURN\r\n\r\nGetFONT:\r\nIndex = 2\r\nFOR y = 32 TO 48 STEP 16\r\n FOR x = 0 TO 584 STEP 12\r\n GET (x, y)-(x + 11, y + 11), Box(Index)\r\n PUT (x, y), Box(Index)\r\n Index = Index + 50\r\n IF Index = 94 * 50 + 2 THEN EXIT FOR\r\n NEXT x\r\nNEXT y\r\nBox(0) = 50\r\nBox(1) = 3\r\nFOR Index = 2 TO 93 * 50 + 2 STEP 50\r\n LINE (0, 200)-(20, 220), 0, BF\r\n PUT (0, 200), Box(Index)\r\n x1 = -1: x2 = -1\r\n FOR x = 0 TO 20\r\n FOR y = 200 TO 220\r\n IF POINT(x, y) <> 0 AND x1 = -1 THEN x1 = x\r\n NEXT y\r\n NEXT x\r\n FOR x = 20 TO 0 STEP -1\r\n FOR y = 200 TO 220\r\n IF POINT(x, y) <> 0 AND x2 = -1 THEN x2 = x\r\n NEXT y\r\n NEXT x\r\n GET (x1, 200)-(x2 + 1, 211), Box(Index)\r\nNEXT Index\r\nLINE (0, 200)-(20, 220), 0, BF\r\nDEF SEG = VARSEG(Box(0))\r\nBSAVE \"pongg1.fbs\", VARPTR(Box(0)), 9402\r\nDEF SEG\r\n\r\nIndex = 2\r\nFOR y = 68 TO 86 STEP 18\r\n FOR x = 0 TO 584 STEP 12\r\n GET (x, y)-(x + 11, y + 17), Box(Index)\r\n PUT (x, y), Box(Index)\r\n Index = Index + 75\r\n IF Index = 94 * 75 + 2 THEN EXIT FOR\r\n NEXT x\r\nNEXT y\r\nBox(0) = 75\r\nBox(1) = 4\r\nFOR Index = 2 TO 93 * 75 + 2 STEP 75\r\n LINE (0, 190)-(30, 230), 0, BF\r\n PUT (0, 200), Box(Index)\r\n FOR Cx = 0 TO 20\r\n FOR Cy = 200 TO 220\r\n IF POINT(Cx, Cy) <> 0 THEN PSET (Cx, Cy), 8\r\n NEXT Cy\r\n NEXT Cx\r\n x1 = -1: x2 = -1\r\n FOR x = 0 TO 20\r\n FOR y = 200 TO 220\r\n IF POINT(x, y) <> 0 AND x1 = -1 THEN x1 = x\r\n NEXT y\r\n NEXT x\r\n FOR x = 20 TO 0 STEP -1\r\n FOR y = 200 TO 220\r\n IF POINT(x, y) <> 0 AND x2 = -1 THEN x2 = x\r\n NEXT y\r\n NEXT x\r\n GET (x1, 200)-(x2 + 1, 217), Box(Index)\r\nNEXT Index\r\nLINE (0, 190)-(30, 230), 0, BF\r\nDEF SEG = VARSEG(Box(0))\r\nBSAVE \"pongg2.fbs\", VARPTR(Box(0)), 14200\r\nDEF SEG\r\nCount = 0\r\nx = 100\r\nFOR PrintX = 100 TO 190 STEP 10\r\n x = PrintX\r\n IF Count = 1 THEN x = x + 2\r\n PrintSTRING x, 100, LTRIM$(RTRIM$(STR$(Count))), 2\r\n Count = Count + 1\r\nNEXT PrintX\r\nFOR x = 100 TO 200\r\n FOR y = 100 TO 114\r\n IF POINT(x, y) = 0 THEN PSET (x, y), 5 ELSE PSET (x, y), 1\r\n NEXT y\r\nNEXT x\r\nIndex = 0\r\nFOR x = 100 TO 190 STEP 10\r\n GET (x, 100)-(x + 6, 114), Box(Index)\r\n Index = Index + 100\r\nNEXT x\r\nLINE (100, 100)-(200, 114), 0, BF\r\nDEF SEG = VARSEG(Box(0))\r\nBSAVE \"ponggnms.bsv\", VARPTR(Box(0)), 2000\r\nDEF SEG\r\nRETURN\r\n\r\nGetWORDS:\r\nGET (0, 0)-(61, 29), Box(29000)\r\nPUT (0, 0), Box(29000)\r\nGET (78, 0)-(186, 29), Box(30000)\r\nPUT (78, 0), Box(30000)\r\nGET (200, 20)-(264, 29), Box(31000)\r\nPUT (200, 20), Box(31000)\r\nRETURN\r\n\r\nGetSPRITES:\r\n'Draw and get ball and mask\r\nCIRCLE (200, 200), 10, 15\r\nPAINT (200, 200), 15\r\nCIRCLE (200, 200), 9, 11, 4, 1\r\nCIRCLE (198, 198), 9, 11, 4.5, .5\r\nPAINT (206, 206), 11\r\nGET (190, 190)-(210, 210), Box()\r\nFOR x = 190 TO 210\r\n FOR y = 190 TO 210\r\n IF POINT(x, y) = 0 THEN PSET (x, y), 15 ELSE PSET (x, y), 0\r\n NEXT y\r\nNEXT x\r\nGET (190, 190)-(210, 210), Box(200)\r\nLINE (190, 190)-(210, 210), 0, BF\r\nDEF SEG = VARSEG(Box(0))\r\nBSAVE \"ponggbal.bsv\", VARPTR(Box(0)), 800\r\nDEF SEG\r\n\r\n'Main body of paddle\r\nLINE (301, 100)-(379, 100), 15\r\nLINE (301, 101)-(379, 101), 13\r\nLINE (301, 102)-(379, 103), 7, BF\r\nLINE (310, 104)-(370, 105), 7, BF\r\nLINE (320, 106)-(360, 110), 7, BF\r\n'Round bottom corners\r\nLINE (320, 109)-(320, 110), 0\r\nPSET (321, 110), 0\r\nLINE (360, 109)-(360, 110), 0\r\nPSET (359, 110), 0\r\n'Add rivets\r\nFOR x = 301 TO 378 STEP 4\r\n PSET (x + 1, 102), 15\r\n PSET (x + 1, 103), 0\r\nNEXT x\r\n'Red/yellow markings\r\nLINE (339, 102)-(341, 110), 4, BF\r\nLINE (336, 102)-(338, 110), 14, BF\r\nLINE (333, 102)-(335, 110), 4, BF\r\nLINE (330, 102)-(332, 110), 14, BF\r\nLINE (342, 102)-(344, 110), 14, BF\r\nLINE (345, 102)-(347, 110), 4, BF\r\nLINE (348, 102)-(350, 110), 14, BF\r\n'Lightening holes\r\nFOR x = 331 TO 349 STEP 9\r\n CIRCLE (x, 106), 3, 0\r\n PAINT (x, 106), 0\r\nNEXT x\r\nCIRCLE (324, 106), 2, 0\r\nPAINT (324, 106), 0\r\nCIRCLE (356, 106), 2, 0\r\nPAINT (356, 106), 0\r\nGET (301, 100)-(379, 110), Box()\r\nPUT (301, 100), Box()\r\nDEF SEG = VARSEG(Box(0))\r\nBSAVE \"ponggpdl.bsv\", VARPTR(Box(0)), 500\r\nDEF SEG\r\nRETURN\r\n\r\nPaletteDISPLAY:\r\nColr = 0\r\nFOR x = 0 TO 600 STEP 40\r\n LINE (x, 420)-(x + 39, 460), Colr, BF\r\n Colr = Colr + 1\r\nNEXT x\r\nRETURN\r\n\r\nGetPOPUPS:\r\nCLS\r\nDEF SEG = VARSEG(Box(0))\r\nBLOAD \"ponggbak.bsv\", VARPTR(Box(0))\r\nDEF SEG\r\nPUT (198, 178), Box() 'largest area\r\nGET (258, 204)-(378, 312), Box(20000)\r\nLINE (198, 178)-(438, 327), 7, BF\r\nLINE (198, 178)-(438, 253), 8, BF\r\nLINE (204, 185)-(432, 312), 0, BF\r\nLINE (204, 186)-(432, 207), 1, BF\r\nLINE (204, 185)-(432, 312), 1, B\r\nLINE (308, 185)-(308, 310), 1\r\nLINE (360, 185)-(360, 310), 1\r\nLINE (204, 185)-(204, 207), 0\r\nLINE (432, 185)-(432, 207), 0\r\nLINE (204, 185)-(432, 185), 0\r\nFOR y = 228 TO 310 STEP 21\r\n LINE (204, y)-(432, y), 1\r\nNEXT y\r\nLINE (308, 185)-(308, 207), 0\r\nLINE (360, 185)-(360, 207), 0\r\nPrintSTRING 230, 89, \"Player NAME\", 2\r\nPrintSTRING 320, 89, \"SCORE\", 2\r\nPrintSTRING 372, 89, \"Game DATE\", 2\r\nPrintSTRING 245, 415, \"PRESS ANY KEY TO CONTINUE\", 1\r\nFOR y = 410 TO 435\r\n FOR x = 200 TO 440\r\n IF POINT(x, y) <> 0 THEN\r\n PSET (x, y - 100), 15\r\n PSET (x, y), 0\r\n END IF\r\n IF POINT(x, y - 324) <> 0 THEN PSET (x, y - 224), 0\r\n PSET (x, y - 324), 0\r\n NEXT x\r\nNEXT y\r\nGET (198, 178)-(438, 327), Box() 'largest area\r\nDEF SEG = VARSEG(Box(0))\r\nBSAVE \"ponggtfv.bsv\", VARPTR(Box(0)), 20000\r\nDEF SEG\r\nLINE (204, 185)-(432, 312), 0, BF\r\nLINE (204, 185)-(432, 202), 8, BF\r\nPUT (258, 204), Box(20000), PSET\r\nPrintSTRING 289, 183, \"Instructions\", 2\r\nPrintSTRING 215, 12, \"The object of the game is to score as many\", 1\r\nPrintSTRING 215, 24, \"points as possible before losing all 5 lives.\", ",
"1\r\nPrintSTRING 215, 44, \"The PONGG! ",
"paddle is moved by sliding the\", 1\r\nPrintSTRING 215, 56, \"mouse from side to side.\", ",
"1\r\nPrintSTRING 215, 76, \"Each time the ball is returned you score 10\", 1\r\nPrintSTRING 215, 88, \"points. ",
"If the ball is missed it costs you a life.\", ",
"1\r\nFOR x = 214 TO 432\r\n FOR y = 12 TO 100\r\n IF POINT(x, y) <> 0 THEN\r\n PSET (x, y + 200), 1\r\n PSET (x, y), 0\r\n END IF\r\n NEXT y\r\nNEXT x\r\nGET (198, 178)-(438, 327), Box() 'largest area\r\nDEF SEG = VARSEG(Box(0))\r\nBSAVE \"ponggin1.bsv\", VARPTR(Box(0)), 20000\r\nDEF SEG\r\nLINE (204, 203)-(432, 312), 0, BF\r\n'LINE (258, 204)-(378, 312), 5, BF\r\nPUT (258, 204), Box(20000), PSET\r\nPrintSTRING 215, 17, \"The accelerators are designed to send the\", 1\r\nPrintSTRING 215, 29, \"ball in unpredictable directions, often in-\", 1\r\nPrintSTRING 215, 41, \"creasing its speed considerably.\", ",
"1\r\nPrintSTRING 215, 61, \"Returning a ball which has just been spun\", 1\r\nPrintSTRING 215, 73, \"from an accelerator increases your score by\", 1\r\nPrintSTRING 215, 85, \"the amount shown on that accelerator.\", ",
"1\r\nFOR x = 214 TO 432\r\n FOR y = 12 TO 100\r\n IF POINT(x, y) <> 0 THEN\r\n PSET (x, y + 200), 1\r\n PSET (x, y), 0\r\n END IF\r\n NEXT y\r\nNEXT x\r\nGET (198, 178)-(438, 327), Box() 'largest area\r\nDEF SEG = VARSEG(Box(0))\r\nBSAVE \"ponggin2.bsv\", VARPTR(Box(0)), 20000\r\nDEF SEG\r\nLINE (204, 203)-(432, 312), 0, BF\r\nPUT (258, 204), Box(20000), PSET\r\nLINE (204, 180)-(432, 202), 8, BF\r\nPrintSTRING 260, 183, \"Instructions: options keys\", 2\r\nPrintSTRING 236, 9, \"esc:\", 2\r\nPrintSTRING 226, 41, \"space:\", 2\r\nPrintSTRING 246, 85, \"t:\", 2\r\nPrintSTRING 258, 13, \"Press the Escape key at any time\", 1\r\nPrintSTRING 258, 25, \"to QUIT.\", ",
"1\r\nPrintSTRING 258, 45, \"Press the SPACE bar to pause the\", 1\r\nPrintSTRING 258, 57, \"game (HINT: Only pause the game\", 1\r\nPrintSTRING 258, 69, \"while the ball is moving upwards).\", ",
"1\r\nPrintSTRING 258, 89, \"Press T to see the Top-5 list.\", ",
"1\r\nFOR x = 214 TO 432\r\n FOR y = 12 TO 100\r\n IF POINT(x, y) <> 0 THEN\r\n PSET (x, y + 200), 1\r\n PSET (x, y), 0\r\n END IF\r\n NEXT y\r\nNEXT x\r\nGET (198, 178)-(438, 327), Box() 'largest area\r\nDEF SEG = VARSEG(Box(0))\r\nBSAVE \"ponggin3.bsv\", VARPTR(Box(0)), 20000\r\nBLOAD \"ponggbak.bsv\", VARPTR(Box(0))\r\nDEF SEG\r\nPUT (198, 178), Box(), PSET\r\nPrintSTRING 71, 230, \"PRESS LEFT MOUSE\", 2\r\nPrintSTRING 78, 247, \"BUTTON TO BEGIN\", 2\r\nPrintSTRING 54, 267, \"Instructions: (X)\", 1\r\nPrintSTRING 134, 267, \"Quit: (ESC)\", 1\r\nPrintSTRING 91, 279, \"Restart: (R)\", 1\r\nFOR x = 54 TO 180\r\n FOR y = 230 TO 290\r\n IF y < 266 THEN Colr = 8 ELSE Colr = 1\r\n IF POINT(x, y) <> 0 THEN PSET (x + 200, y), Colr\r\n PSET (x, y), 0\r\n NEXT y\r\nNEXT x\r\nGET (246, 230)-(389, 290), Box()\r\nDEF SEG = VARSEG(Box(0))\r\nBSAVE \"ponggops.bsv\", VARPTR(Box(0)), 6000\r\nDEF SEG\r\nRETURN\r\n\r\nGetOVERLAYS:\r\nGET (198, 178)-(438, 327), Box() 'largest area\r\nDEF SEG = VARSEG(Box(0))\r\nBSAVE \"ponggbak.bsv\", VARPTR(Box(0)), 20000\r\nDEF SEG\r\nGET (110, 118)-(230, 136), Box()\r\nGET (409, 118)-(529, 136), Box(2000)\r\nPUT (210, 68), Box(31000)\r\nFOR x = 210 TO 340\r\n FOR y = 66 TO 80\r\n IF POINT(x, y) <> 0 THEN\r\n PSET (x - 50, y + 51), 8\r\n PSET (x + 204, y + 51), 8\r\n PSET (x, y), 0\r\n END IF\r\n NEXT y\r\nNEXT x\r\nLINE (110, 125)-(154, 125), 15\r\nLINE (484, 125)-(529, 125), 15\r\nGET (110, 118)-(230, 136), Box(4000)\r\nGET (409, 118)-(529, 136), Box(6000)\r\nPUT (110, 118), Box(), PSET\r\nPUT (409, 118), Box(2000), PSET\r\nDEF SEG = VARSEG(Box(0))\r\nBSAVE \"ponggacc.bsv\", VARPTR(Box(0)), 16000\r\nDEF SEG\r\nPUT (262, 70), Box(30000), PSET\r\nFOR x = 262 TO 380\r\n FOR y = 70 TO 100\r\n IF POINT(x, y) <> 0 THEN PSET (x, y + 150), 4\r\n PSET (x, y), 0\r\n NEXT y\r\nNEXT x\r\nGET (233, 220)-(400, 310), Box(10000)\r\nPrintSTRING 286, 65, \"Record Game Score\", 2\r\nPrintSTRING 286, 83, \"New Game\", 2\r\nPrintSTRING 286, 101, \"Quit\", 2\r\nFOR x = 286 TO 400\r\n FOR y = 65 TO 120\r\n IF POINT(x, y) <> 0 THEN PSET (x, y + 191), 1\r\n PSET (x, y), 0\r\n NEXT y\r\nNEXT x\r\nLINE (233, 253)-(400, 310), 12, B\r\nFOR y = 262 TO 302 STEP 18\r\n LINE (262, y)-(278, y + 5), 12, BF\r\nNEXT y\r\nGET (233, 220)-(400, 310), Box()\r\nFOR x = 262 TO 375\r\n FOR y = 256 TO 307\r\n IF POINT(x, y) = 1 THEN PSET (x, y), 15\r\n IF POINT(x, y) = 12 THEN PSET (x, y), 1\r\n NEXT y\r\nNEXT x\r\nIndex = 4000\r\nFOR y = 256 TO 292 STEP 18\r\n GET (262, y)-(371, y + 15), Box(Index)\r\n Index = Index + 1000\r\nNEXT y\r\nDEF SEG = VARSEG(Box(0))\r\nBSAVE \"pongggo1.bsv\", VARPTR(Box(0)), 14000\r\nDEF SEG\r\nPUT (233, 220), Box(10000), PSET\r\nPrintSTRING 306, 83, \"New Game\", 2\r\nPrintSTRING 306, 101, \"Quit\", 2\r\nLINE (233, 253)-(398, 296), 12, B\r\nFOR x = 286 TO 400\r\n FOR y = 65 TO 120\r\n IF POINT(x, y) <> 0 THEN PSET (x, y + 175), 1\r\n PSET (x, y), 0\r\n NEXT y\r\nNEXT x\r\nFOR y = 262 TO 280 STEP 18\r\n LINE (282, y)-(298, y + 5), 12, BF\r\nNEXT y\r\nGET (233, 220)-(398, 296), Box()\r\nFOR x = 262 TO 375\r\n FOR y = 256 TO 292\r\n IF POINT(x, y) = 1 THEN PSET (x, y), 15\r\n IF POINT(x, y) = 12 THEN PSET (x, y), 1\r\n NEXT y\r\nNEXT x\r\nGET (262, 256)-(374, 273), Box(4000)\r\nGET (262, 274)-(374, 291), Box(5000)\r\nDEF SEG = VARSEG(Box(0))\r\nBSAVE \"pongggo2.bsv\", VARPTR(Box(0)), 12000\r\nDEF SEG\r\nRETURN\r\n\r\nSetPALETTE:\r\nDATA 12, 2, 22, 50, 37, 63, 40, 10, 50, 40, 10, 50\r\nDATA 53, 0, 0, 19, 2, 22, 17, 2, 22, 42, 42, 42\r\nDATA 55, 55, 55, 16, 9, 26, 15, 2, 22, 63, 55, 55\r\nDATA 25, 12, 35, 42, 42, 42, 55, 63, 9, 63, 63, 63\r\nRESTORE SetPALETTE\r\nOUT &H3C8, 0\r\nFOR n = 1 TO 48\r\n READ Colr\r\n OUT &H3C9, Colr\r\nNEXT n\r\nRETURN\r\n\r\nFontDATA:\r\nDATA 8,7,6,0,6,7,4,0,8,7,6,0,8,7,4,0,8,7,2,0,2,7,18,0,8,7,4,0\r\nDATA 6,7,4,0,6,7,1,0,5,7,4,0,10,7,11,0,6,7,4,0,2,7,6,0,2,7,2,0\r\nDATA 10,7,2,0,8,7,4,0,2,7,395,0,9,7,4,0,8,7,3,0,9,7,4,0,9,7,3,0\r\nDATA 9,7,2,0,2,7,17,0,9,7,3,0,8,7,3,0,13,7,3,0,10,7,10,0,8,7,3,0\r\nDATA 2,7,6,0,2,7,2,0,10,7,2,0,9,7,3,0,2,7,395,0,10,7,2,0,10,7,2,0\r\nDATA 10,7,2,0,10,7,2,0,10,7,2,0,2,7,16,0,10,7,2,0,10,7,2,0,14,7,2,0\r\nDATA 10,7,9,0,10,7,2,0,2,7,6,0,2,7,2,0,10,7,2,0,10,7,2,0,2,7,395,0\r\nDATA 10,7,2,0,10,7,2,0,10,7,2,0,10,7,2,0,10,7,2,0,2,7,16,0,10,7,2,0\r\nDATA 10,7,2,0,14,7,2,0,10,7,9,0,10,7,2,0,2,7,6,0,2,7,2,0,10,7,2,0\r\nDATA 10,7,2,0,2,7,395,0,10,7,2,0,10,7,2,0,10,7,2,0,10,7,2,0,10,7,2,0\r\nDATA 2,7,16,0,10,7,2,0,10,7,2,0,14,7,2,0,10,7,9,0,10,7,2,0,2,7,6,0\r\nDATA 2,7,2,0,10,7,2,0,10,7,2,0,2,7,395,0,10,7,2,0,10,7,2,0,10,7,2,0\r\nDATA 10,7,2,0,10,7,2,0,2,7,16,0,10,7,2,0,10,7,2,0,14,7,2,0,10,7,9,0\r\nDATA 10,7,2,0,2,7,6,0,2,7,2,0,10,7,2,0,10,7,2,0,2,7,395,0,10,7,2,0\r\nDATA 10,7,2,0,10,7,2,0,10,7,2,0,10,7,2,0,2,7,16,0,10,7,2,0,10,7,2,0\r\nDATA 14,7,2,0,10,7,9,0,10,7,2,0,2,7,6,0,2,7,2,0,10,7,2,0,10,7,2,0\r\nDATA 2,7,395,0,10,7,2,0,10,7,2,0,10,7,2,0,10,7,2,0,10,7,2,0,2,7,16,0\r\nDATA 10,7,2,0,10,7,2,0,14,7,2,0,10,7,9,0,10,7,2,0,2,7,6,0,2,7,2,0\r\nDATA 10,7,2,0,10,7,2,0,2,7,395,0,2,7,5,0,3,7,2,0,3,7,4,0,3,7,2,0\r\nDATA 2,7,5,0,3,7,2,0,3,7,9,0,3,7,9,0,2,7,16,0,3,7,9,0,3,7,4,0\r\nDATA 3,7,2,0,2,7,3,0,3,7,3,0,3,7,2,0,2,7,17,0,3,7,4,0,3,7,2,0\r\nDATA 2,7,6,0,2,7,2,0,2,7,10,0,2,7,5,0,3,7,2,0,2,7,395,0,2,7,6,0\r\nDATA 2,7,2,0,2,7,6,0,2,7,2,0,2,7,6,0,2,7,2,0,2,7,10,0,2,7,10,0\r\nDATA 2,7,16,0,2,7,10,0,2,7,6,0,2,7,2,0,2,7,4,0,2,7,4,0,2,7,2,0\r\nDATA 2,7,17,0,2,7,6,0,2,7,2,0,2,7,6,0,2,7,2,0,2,7,10,0,2,7,6,0\r\nDATA 2,7,2,0,2,7,395,0,2,7,6,0,2,7,2,0,2,7,6,0,2,7,2,0,2,7,6,0\r\nDATA 2,7,2,0,2,7,10,0,2,7,10,0,2,7,16,0,2,7,10,0,2,7,6,0,2,7,2,0\r\nDATA 2,7,4,0,2,7,4,0,2,7,2,0,2,7,17,0,2,7,6,0,2,7,2,0,2,7,6,0\r\nDATA 2,7,2,0,2,7,10,0,2,7,6,0,2,7,2,0,2,7,395,0,2,7,5,0,3,7,2,0\r\nDATA 2,7,6,0,2,7,2,0,2,7,6,0,2,7,2,0,2,7,10,0,2,7,10,0,2,7,16,0\r\nDATA 2,7,10,0,2,7,6,0,2,7,2,0,2,7,4,0,2,7,4,0,2,7,2,0,2,7,17,0\r\nDATA 2,7,6,0,2,7,2,0,2,7,6,0,2,7,2,0,2,7,10,0,2,7,5,0,3,7,2,0\r\nDATA 2,7,395,0,10,7,2,0,2,7,6,0,2,7,2,0,2,7,6,0,2,7,2,0,2,7,2,0\r\nDATA 6,7,2,0,2,7,2,0,6,7,2,0,2,7,16,0,2,7,2,0,6,7,2,0,10,7,2,0\r\nDATA 2,7,4,0,2,7,4,0,2,7,2,0,8,7,11,0,2,7,6,0,2,7,2,0,2,7,6,0\r\nDATA 2,7,2,0,8,7,4,0,10,7,2,0,2,7,395,0,10,7,2,0,2,7,6,0,2,7,2,0\r\nDATA 2,7,6,0,2,7,2,0,2,7,2,0,6,7,2,0,2,7,2,0,6,7,2,0,2,7,16,0\r\nDATA 2,7,2,0,6,7,2,0,10,7,2,0,2,7,4,0,2,7,4,0,2,7,2,0,8,7,11,0\r\nDATA 2,7,6,0,2,7,2,0,2,7,6,0,2,7,2,0,8,7,4,0,9,7,3,0,2,7,395,0\r\nDATA 10,7,2,0,2,7,6,0,2,7,2,0,2,7,6,0,2,7,2,0,2,7,2,0,6,7,2,0\r\nDATA 2,7,2,0,6,7,2,0,2,7,16,0,2,7,2,0,6,7,2,0,10,7,2,0,2,7,4,0\r\nDATA 2,7,4,0,2,7,2,0,8,7,11,0,2,7,6,0,2,7,2,0,2,7,6,0,2,7,2,0\r\nDATA 8,7,4,0,8,7,4,0,2,7,395,0,10,7,2,0,2,7,6,0,2,7,2,0,2,7,6,0\r\nDATA 2,7,2,0,2,7,2,0,6,7,2,0,2,7,2,0,6,7,2,0,2,7,16,0,2,7,2,0\r\nDATA 6,7,2,0,10,7,2,0,2,7,4,0,2,7,4,0,2,7,2,0,8,7,11,0,2,7,6,0\r\nDATA 2,7,2,0,2,7,6,0,2,7,2,0,8,7,4,0,8,7,4,0,2,7,395,0,10,7,2,0\r\nDATA 2,7,6,0,2,7,2,0,2,7,6,0,2,7,2,0,2,7,2,0,6,7,2,0,2,7,2,0\r\nDATA 6,7,2,0,2,7,16,0,2,7,2,0,6,7,2,0,10,7,2,0,2,7,4,0,2,7,4,0\r\nDATA 2,7,2,0,8,7,11,0,2,7,6,0,2,7,2,0,2,7,6,0,2,7,2,0,8,7,4,0\r\nDATA 9,7,3,0,2,7,395,0,10,7,2,0,2,7,6,0,2,7,2,0,2,7,6,0,2,7,2,0\r\nDATA 2,7,2,0,6,7,2,0,2,7,2,0,6,7,2,0,2,7,16,0,2,7,2,0,6,7,2,0\r\nDATA 10,7,2,0,2,7,4,0,2,7,4,0,2,7,2,0,8,7,11,0,2,7,6,0,2,7,2,0\r\nDATA 2,7,6,0,2,7,2,0,8,7,4,0,10,7,2,0,2,7,395,0,9,7,3,0,2,7,6,0\r\nDATA 2,7,2,0,2,7,6,0,2,7,2,0,2,7,6,0,2,7,2,0,2,7,6,0,2,7,2,0\r\nDATA 2,7,16,0,2,7,6,0,2,7,2,0,2,7,6,0,2,7,2,0,2,7,4,0,2,7,4,0\r\nDATA 2,7,2,0,2,7,17,0,2,7,6,0,2,7,2,0,2,7,6,0,2,7,2,0,2,7,10,0\r\nDATA 2,7,5,0,3,7,2,0,2,7,395,0,8,7,4,0,2,7,6,0,2,7,2,0,2,7,6,0\r\nDATA 2,7,2,0,2,7,6,0,2,7,2,0,2,7,6,0,2,7,2,0,2,7,16,0,2,7,6,0\r\nDATA 2,7,2,0,2,7,6,0,2,7,2,0,2,7,4,0,2,7,4,0,2,7,2,0,2,7,17,0\r\nDATA 2,7,6,0,2,7,2,0,2,7,6,0,2,7,2,0,2,7,10,0,2,7,6,0,2,7,2,0\r\nDATA 2,7,395,0,2,7,10,0,2,7,6,0,2,7,2,0,2,7,6,0,2,7,2,0,2,7,6,0\r\nDATA 2,7,2,0,2,7,6,0,2,7,2,0,2,7,16,0,2,7,6,0,2,7,2,0,2,7,6,0\r\nDATA 2,7,2,0,2,7,4,0,2,7,4,0,2,7,2,0,2,7,17,0,2,7,6,0,2,7,2,0\r\nDATA 2,7,6,0,2,7,2,0,2,7,10,0,2,7,6,0,2,7,2,0,2,7,395,0,2,7,10,0\r\nDATA 3,7,4,0,3,7,2,0,2,7,6,0,2,7,2,0,3,7,4,0,3,7,2,0,3,7,4,0\r\nDATA 3,7,2,0,2,7,16,0,3,7,4,0,3,7,2,0,2,7,6,0,2,7,2,0,2,7,4,0\r\nDATA 2,7,4,0,2,7,2,0,2,7,17,0,3,7,4,0,3,7,2,0,3,7,4,0,3,7,2,0\r\nDATA 2,7,10,0,2,7,6,0,2,7,2,0,2,7,16,0,2,7,25,0,2,7,350,0,2,7,10,0\r\nDATA 10,7,2,0,2,7,6,0,2,7,2,0,10,7,2,0,10,7,20,0,10,7,2,0,2,7,6,0\r\nDATA 2,7,2,0,2,7,4,0,2,7,4,0,2,7,2,0,10,7,9,0,10,7,2,0,10,7,2,0\r\nDATA 10,7,2,0,2,7,6,0,2,7,20,0,2,7,25,0,2,7,19,0,2,7,329,0,2,7,10,0\r\nDATA 10,7,2,0,2,7,6,0,2,7,2,0,10,7,2,0,10,7,20,0,10,7,2,0,2,7,6,0\r\nDATA 2,7,2,0,2,7,4,0,2,7,4,0,2,7,2,0,10,7,9,0,10,7,3,0,8,7,3,0\r\nDATA 10,7,2,0,2,7,6,0,2,7,19,0,4,7,24,0,2,7,19,0,2,7,329,0,2,7,10,0\r\nDATA 10,7,2,0,2,7,6,0,2,7,2,0,10,7,2,0,10,7,20,0,10,7,2,0,2,7,6,0\r\nDATA 2,7,2,0,2,7,4,0,2,7,4,0,2,7,2,0,10,7,9,0,10,7,3,0,8,7,3,0\r\nDATA 10,7,2,0,2,7,6,0,2,7,19,0,4,7,4,0,4,7,3,0,4,7,3,0,4,7,2,0\r\nDATA 2,7,2,0,4,7,2,0,3,7,2,0,4,7,2,0,3,7,2,0,4,7,2,0,3,7,317,0\r\nDATA 2,7,10,0,10,7,2,0,2,7,6,0,2,7,2,0,10,7,2,0,10,7,20,0,10,7,2,0\r\nDATA 2,7,6,0,2,7,2,0,2,7,4,0,2,7,4,0,2,7,2,0,10,7,9,0,10,7,4,0\r\nDATA 6,7,4,0,10,7,2,0,2,7,6,0,2,7,18,0,2,7,2,0,2,7,2,0,2,7,2,0\r\nDATA 2,7,1,0,2,7,2,0,2,7,1,0,2,7,2,0,2,7,1,0,2,7,1,0,2,7,2,0\r\nDATA 2,7,1,0,2,7,6,0,2,7,1,0,2,7,2,0,2,7,2,0,2,7,1,0,2,7,318,0\r\nDATA 2,7,10,0,10,7,2,0,2,7,6,0,2,7,2,0,10,7,2,0,10,7,2,0,2,7,16,0\r\nDATA 10,7,2,0,2,7,6,0,2,7,2,0,2,7,4,0,2,7,4,0,2,7,2,0,10,7,9,0\r\nDATA 10,7,4,0,6,7,4,0,10,7,2,0,2,7,6,0,2,7,2,0,2,7,14,0,2,7,2,0\r\nDATA 2,7,2,0,2,7,5,0,2,7,5,0,6,7,1,0,2,7,1,0,6,7,1,0,2,7,3,0\r\nDATA 5,7,1,0,2,7,2,0,2,7,2,0,2,7,1,0,2,7,318,0,2,7,10,0,10,7,2,0\r\nDATA 2,7,6,0,2,7,2,0,10,7,2,0,10,7,2,0,2,7,16,0,10,7,2,0,2,7,6,0\r\nDATA 2,7,2,0,2,7,4,0,2,7,4,0,2,7,2,0,10,7,9,0,10,7,5,0,4,7,5,0\r\nDATA 10,7,2,0,2,7,6,0,2,7,2,0,2,7,14,0,6,7,2,0,2,7,5,0,2,7,5,0\r\nDATA 2,7,5,0,2,7,1,0,2,7,5,0,2,7,2,0,2,7,2,0,2,7,1,0,2,7,2,0\r\nDATA 2,7,2,0,2,7,1,0,2,7,318,0,2,7,11,0,8,7,3,0,2,7,6,0,2,7,3,0\r\nDATA 8,7,4,0,8,7,3,0,2,7,17,0,8,7,3,0,2,7,6,0,2,7,2,0,2,7,4,0\r\nDATA 2,7,4,0,2,7,2,0,10,7,10,0,8,7,6,0,4,7,5,0,10,7,2,0,2,7,6,0\r\nDATA 2,7,2,0,2,7,13,0,2,7,4,0,2,7,1,0,2,7,2,0,2,7,1,0,2,7,2,0\r\nDATA 2,7,1,0,2,7,2,0,2,7,1,0,2,7,1,0,2,7,2,0,2,7,1,0,2,7,2,0\r\nDATA 2,7,2,0,2,7,1,0,2,7,2,0,2,7,2,0,2,7,1,0,2,7,318,0,2,7,12,0\r\nDATA 6,7,4,0,2,7,6,0,2,7,4,0,6,7,6,0,6,7,4,0,2,7,18,0,6,7,4,0\r\nDATA 2,7,6,0,2,7,2,0,2,7,4,0,2,7,4,0,2,7,2,0,10,7,11,0,6,7,8,0\r\nDATA 2,7,6,0,10,7,2,0,2,7,6,0,2,7,2,0,2,7,13,0,2,7,4,0,2,7,2,0\r\nDATA 4,7,3,0,4,7,3,0,4,7,2,0,2,7,2,0,4,7,2,0,2,7,3,0,5,7,2,0\r\nDATA 2,7,2,0,4,7,2,0,2,7,2064,0,1,7,11,0,1,7,2,0,1,7,9,0,1,7,2,0\r\nDATA 1,7,9,0,1,7,10,0,2,7,10,0,1,7,10,0,1,7,12,0,1,7,10,0,1,7,74,0\r\nDATA 1,7,9,0,3,7,10,0,1,7,10,0,3,7,9,0,3,7,11,0,1,7,8,0,5,7,8,0\r\nDATA 3,7,8,0,5,7,8,0,3,7,9,0,3,7,69,0,3,7,11,0,4,7,8,0,1,7,8,0\r\nDATA 4,7,9,0,4,7,7,0,4,7,8,0,5,7,7,0,5,7,8,0,4,7,7,0,1,7,4,0\r\nDATA 1,7,6,0,1,7,14,0,1,7,8,0,1,7,3,0,1,7,7,0,1,7,11,0,1,7,5,0\r\nDATA 1,7,5,0,1,7,4,0,1,7,7,0,4,7,7,0,5,7,8,0,4,7,1,0,1,7,11,0\r\nDATA 1,7,2,0,1,7,9,0,1,7,2,0,1,7,8,0,3,7,8,0,1,7,2,0,1,7,2,0\r\nDATA 1,7,5,0,1,7,1,0,1,7,9,0,1,7,11,0,1,7,12,0,1,7,10,0,1,7,1,0\r\nDATA 1,7,60,0,1,7,8,0,1,7,3,0,1,7,7,0,3,7,9,0,1,7,3,0,1,7,7,0\r\nDATA 1,7,3,0,1,7,9,0,2,7,8,0,1,7,11,0,1,7,3,0,1,7,11,0,1,7,7,0\r\nDATA 1,7,3,0,1,7,7,0,1,7,3,0,1,7,67,0,1,7,3,0,1,7,8,0,2,7,4,0\r\nDATA 2,7,6,0,1,7,8,0,1,7,3,0,1,7,7,0,1,7,4,0,1,7,6,0,1,7,3,0\r\nDATA 1,7,7,0,1,7,11,0,1,7,11,0,1,7,4,0,1,7,6,0,1,7,4,0,1,7,6,0\r\nDATA 1,7,14,0,1,7,8,0,1,7,2,0,1,7,8,0,1,7,11,0,1,7,5,0,1,7,5,0\r\nDATA 2,7,3,0,1,7,6,0,1,7,4,0,1,7,6,0,1,7,4,0,1,7,6,0,1,7,4,0\r\nDATA 2,7,11,0,1,7,2,0,1,7,8,0,6,7,6,0,1,7,1,0,1,7,1,0,1,7,8,0\r\nDATA 2,7,2,0,1,7,6,0,1,7,1,0,1,7,9,0,1,7,11,0,1,7,12,0,1,7,11,0\r\nDATA 1,7,61,0,1,7,8,0,1,7,3,0,1,7,9,0,1,7,13,0,1,7,11,0,1,7,9,0\r\nDATA 2,7,8,0,1,7,11,0,1,7,14,0,1,7,8,0,1,7,3,0,1,7,7,0,1,7,3,0\r\nDATA 1,7,34,0,1,7,20,0,1,7,15,0,1,7,8,0,1,7,6,0,1,7,5,0,1,7,1,0\r\nDATA 1,7,7,0,1,7,3,0,1,7,7,0,1,7,11,0,1,7,4,0,1,7,6,0,1,7,11,0\r\nDATA 1,7,11,0,1,7,11,0,1,7,4,0,1,7,6,0,1,7,14,0,1,7,8,0,1,7,1,0\r\nDATA 1,7,9,0,1,7,11,0,2,7,3,0,2,7,5,0,2,7,3,0,1,7,6,0,1,7,4,0\r\nDATA 1,7,6,0,1,7,4,0,1,7,6,0,1,7,4,0,2,7,24,0,1,7,2,0,1,7,7,0\r\nDATA 1,7,1,0,1,7,13,0,1,7,8,0,1,7,22,0,1,7,12,0,1,7,10,0,1,7,1,0\r\nDATA 1,7,11,0,1,7,47,0,1,7,9,0,1,7,3,0,1,7,9,0,1,7,13,0,1,7,11,0\r\nDATA 1,7,8,0,1,7,1,0,1,7,8,0,4,7,8,0,1,7,14,0,1,7,8,0,1,7,3,0\r\nDATA 1,7,7,0,1,7,3,0,1,7,7,0,1,7,12,0,1,7,12,0,1,7,22,0,1,7,14,0\r\nDATA 1,7,7,0,1,7,3,0,3,7,2,0,1,7,4,0,1,7,1,0,1,7,7,0,1,7,3,0\r\nDATA 1,7,7,0,1,7,11,0,1,7,4,0,1,7,6,0,1,7,11,0,1,7,11,0,1,7,11,0\r\nDATA 1,7,4,0,1,7,6,0,1,7,14,0,1,7,8,0,2,7,10,0,1,7,11,0,2,7,3,0\r\nDATA 2,7,5,0,1,7,1,0,1,7,2,0,1,7,6,0,1,7,4,0,1,7,6,0,1,7,4,0\r\nDATA 1,7,6,0,1,7,4,0,2,7,24,0,1,7,2,0,1,7,8,0,2,7,12,0,1,7,9,0\r\nDATA 1,7,22,0,1,7,12,0,1,7,24,0,1,7,47,0,1,7,9,0,1,7,3,0,1,7,9,0\r\nDATA 1,7,12,0,1,7,10,0,2,7,9,0,1,7,1,0,1,7,8,0,1,7,3,0,1,7,7,0\r\nDATA 4,7,10,0,1,7,10,0,3,7,9,0,4,7,32,0,1,7,10,0,5,7,9,0,1,7,12,0\r\nDATA 1,7,8,0,1,7,2,0,1,7,2,0,1,7,2,0,1,7,3,0,1,7,3,0,1,7,6,0\r\nDATA 4,7,8,0,1,7,11,0,1,7,4,0,1,7,6,0,4,7,8,0,4,7,8,0,1,7,2,0\r\nDATA 3,7,6,0,6,7,6,0,1,7,14,0,1,7,8,0,2,7,10,0,1,7,11,0,1,7,1,0\r\nDATA 1,7,1,0,1,7,1,0,1,7,5,0,1,7,1,0,1,7,2,0,1,7,6,0,1,7,4,0\r\nDATA 1,7,6,0,5,7,7,0,1,7,4,0,2,7,24,0,1,7,2,0,1,7,9,0,2,7,10,0\r\nDATA 1,7,9,0,1,7,1,0,1,7,1,0,1,7,19,0,1,7,12,0,1,7,22,0,5,7,19,0\r\nDATA 2,7,23,0,1,7,10,0,1,7,3,0,1,7,9,0,1,7,11,0,1,7,13,0,1,7,7,0\r\nDATA 1,7,2,0,1,7,12,0,1,7,7,0,1,7,3,0,1,7,9,0,1,7,9,0,1,7,3,0\r\nDATA 1,7,11,0,1,7,31,0,1,7,26,0,1,7,10,0,1,7,9,0,1,7,2,0,1,7,2,0\r\nDATA 1,7,2,0,1,7,3,0,1,7,3,0,1,7,6,0,1,7,3,0,1,7,7,0,1,7,11,0\r\nDATA 1,7,4,0,1,7,6,0,1,7,11,0,1,7,11,0,1,7,4,0,1,7,6,0,1,7,4,0\r\nDATA 1,7,6,0,1,7,14,0,1,7,8,0,1,7,1,0,1,7,9,0,1,7,11,0,1,7,1,0\r\nDATA 1,7,1,0,1,7,1,0,1,7,5,0,1,7,2,0,1,7,1,0,1,7,6,0,1,7,4,0\r\nDATA 1,7,6,0,1,7,11,0,1,7,4,0,2,7,23,0,6,7,8,0,1,7,1,0,1,7,8,0\r\nDATA 1,7,2,0,2,7,6,0,1,7,2,0,1,7,20,0,1,7,12,0,1,7,24,0,1,7,46,0\r\nDATA 1,7,10,0,1,7,3,0,1,7,9,0,1,7,10,0,1,7,14,0,1,7,7,0,5,7,11,0\r\nDATA 1,7,7,0,1,7,3,0,1,7,8,0,1,7,10,0,1,7,3,0,1,7,11,0,1,7,32,0\r\nDATA 1,7,10,0,5,7,9,0,1,7,11,0,1,7,9,0,1,7,3,0,2,7,1,0,3,7,3,0\r\nDATA 5,7,6,0,1,7,3,0,1,7,7,0,1,7,11,0,1,7,4,0,1,7,6,0,1,7,11,0\r\nDATA 1,7,11,0,1,7,4,0,1,7,6,0,1,7,4,0,1,7,6,0,1,7,11,0,1,7,2,0\r\nDATA 1,7,8,0,1,7,2,0,1,7,8,0,1,7,11,0,1,7,2,0,1,7,2,0,1,7,5,0\r\nDATA 1,7,3,0,2,7,6,0,1,7,4,0,1,7,6,0,1,7,11,0,1,7,2,0,1,7,1,0\r\nDATA 1,7,25,0,1,7,2,0,1,7,7,0,1,7,1,0,1,7,1,0,1,7,7,0,1,7,2,0\r\nDATA 1,7,2,0,1,7,5,0,1,7,2,0,1,7,20,0,1,7,12,0,1,7,24,0,1,7,45,0\r\nDATA 1,7,11,0,1,7,3,0,1,7,9,0,1,7,9,0,1,7,11,0,1,7,3,0,1,7,10,0\r\nDATA 1,7,8,0,1,7,3,0,1,7,7,0,1,7,3,0,1,7,8,0,1,7,10,0,1,7,3,0\r\nDATA 1,7,7,0,1,7,3,0,1,7,33,0,1,7,22,0,1,7,23,0,1,7,10,0,1,7,5,0\r\nDATA 1,7,5,0,1,7,3,0,1,7,7,0,1,7,4,0,1,7,6,0,1,7,3,0,1,7,7,0\r\nDATA 1,7,11,0,1,7,11,0,1,7,3,0,2,7,6,0,1,7,4,0,1,7,6,0,1,7,11,0\r\nDATA 1,7,2,0,1,7,8,0,1,7,3,0,1,7,7,0,1,7,11,0,1,7,2,0,1,7,2,0\r\nDATA 1,7,5,0,1,7,3,0,2,7,6,0,1,7,4,0,1,7,6,0,1,7,11,0,1,7,3,0\r\nDATA 3,7,24,0,1,7,2,0,1,7,8,0,3,7,12,0,2,7,7,0,2,7,1,0,1,7,19,0\r\nDATA 1,7,12,0,1,7,35,0,1,7,22,0,1,7,11,0,1,7,12,0,3,7,10,0,1,7,9,0\r\nDATA 5,7,8,0,3,7,11,0,1,7,9,0,3,7,9,0,3,7,9,0,1,7,11,0,3,7,9,0\r\nDATA 3,7,8,0,1,7,12,0,1,7,13,0,1,7,20,0,1,7,13,0,1,7,10,0,2,7,9,0\r\nDATA 1,7,5,0,1,7,5,0,4,7,9,0,4,7,7,0,4,7,8,0,5,7,7,0,1,7,12,0\r\nDATA 3,7,1,0,1,7,6,0,1,7,4,0,1,7,6,0,1,7,12,0,2,7,9,0,1,7,4,0\r\nDATA 1,7,6,0,5,7,7,0,1,7,5,0,1,7,5,0,1,7,4,0,1,7,7,0,4,7,7,0\r\nDATA 1,7,12,0,4,7,39,0,1,7,45,0,1,7,12,0,1,7,34,0,1,7,179,0,1,7,62,0\r\nDATA 5,7,201,0,1,7,85,0,1,7,10,0,1,7,2959,0,1,7,347,0,1,7,21,0,1,7,65,0\r\nDATA 5,7,8,0,3,7,8,0,5,7,7,0,1,7,4,0,1,7,6,0,1,7,5,0,1,7,5,0\r\nDATA 1,7,9,0,1,7,1,0,1,7,5,0,1,7,5,0,1,7,5,0,1,7,5,0,7,7,5,0\r\nDATA 2,7,10,0,1,7,11,0,2,7,11,0,1,7,1,0,1,7,20,0,1,7,23,0,1,7,27,0\r\nDATA 1,7,20,0,1,7,22,0,1,7,11,0,1,7,11,0,1,7,11,0,1,7,11,0,1,7,180,0\r\nDATA 1,7,10,0,1,7,12,0,1,7,64,0,1,7,4,0,1,7,6,0,1,7,3,0,1,7,9,0\r\nDATA 1,7,9,0,1,7,4,0,1,7,6,0,1,7,5,0,1,7,5,0,1,7,9,0,1,7,1,0\r\nDATA 1,7,5,0,1,7,5,0,1,7,5,0,1,7,11,0,1,7,5,0,1,7,11,0,1,7,12,0\r\nDATA 1,7,10,0,1,7,3,0,1,7,20,0,1,7,22,0,1,7,27,0,1,7,19,0,1,7,23,0\r\nDATA 1,7,35,0,1,7,11,0,1,7,95,0,1,7,84,0,1,7,10,0,1,7,12,0,1,7,11,0\r\nDATA 2,7,2,0,1,7,48,0,1,7,4,0,1,7,6,0,1,7,13,0,1,7,9,0,1,7,4,0\r\nDATA 1,7,7,0,1,7,3,0,1,7,7,0,1,7,3,0,1,7,3,0,1,7,3,0,1,7,3,0\r\nDATA 1,7,7,0,1,7,3,0,1,7,11,0,1,7,6,0,1,7,11,0,1,7,12,0,1,7,58,0\r\nDATA 1,7,27,0,1,7,19,0,1,7,23,0,1,7,35,0,1,7,11,0,1,7,95,0,1,7,84,0\r\nDATA 1,7,10,0,1,7,12,0,1,7,10,0,1,7,2,0,2,7,49,0,1,7,4,0,1,7,6,0\r\nDATA 1,7,13,0,1,7,9,0,1,7,4,0,1,7,7,0,1,7,3,0,1,7,7,0,1,7,3,0\r\nDATA 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5,7,7,0,5,7,7,0,5,7,7,0,1,7,3,0,1,7,7,0,1,7,3,0,1,7,7,0\r\nDATA 1,7,2,0,1,7,2,0,1,7,5,0,2,7,3,0,2,7,5,0,1,7,3,0,1,7,7,0\r\nDATA 5,7,7,0,1,7,11,0,1,7,13,0,1,7,34,0,1,7,22,0,1,7,26,0,1,7,20,0\r\nDATA 1,7,23,0,1,7,35,0,1,7,11,0,1,7,96,0,1,7,83,0,1,7,10,0,1,7,12,0\r\nDATA 1,7,64,0,1,7,3,0,1,7,7,0,1,7,13,0,1,7,9,0,1,7,3,0,1,7,7,0\r\nDATA 1,7,3,0,1,7,7,0,1,7,2,0,1,7,2,0,1,7,6,0,1,7,3,0,1,7,6,0\r\nDATA 1,7,3,0,1,7,11,0,1,7,7,0,1,7,11,0,1,7,13,0,1,7,45,0,3,7,9,0\r\nDATA 3,7,10,0,3,7,9,0,3,7,9,0,2,7,9,0,3,7,10,0,4,7,7,0,3,7,9,0\r\nDATA 1,7,13,0,1,7,9,0,1,7,2,0,1,7,8,0,1,7,11,0,4,7,8,0,3,7,10,0\r\nDATA 2,7,9,0,3,7,10,0,3,7,8,0,3,7,10,0,3,7,8,0,5,7,7,0,1,7,2,0\r\nDATA 1,7,8,0,1,7,3,0,1,7,7,0,1,7,2,0,1,7,2,0,1,7,5,0,2,7,1,0\r\nDATA 2,7,7,0,1,7,2,0,1,7,8,0,4,7,9,0,1,7,10,0,1,7,12,0,1,7,64,0\r\nDATA 1,7,3,0,1,7,7,0,1,7,13,0,1,7,9,0,1,7,3,0,1,7,7,0,1,7,3,0\r\nDATA 1,7,7,0,1,7,2,0,1,7,2,0,1,7,7,0,1,7,1,0,1,7,7,0,1,7,3,0\r\nDATA 1,7,10,0,1,7,8,0,1,7,12,0,1,7,12,0,1,7,45,0,4,7,8,0,4,7,8,0\r\nDATA 4,7,8,0,4,7,8,0,4,7,8,0,3,7,9,0,5,7,7,0,4,7,8,0,1,7,13,0\r\nDATA 1,7,9,0,1,7,2,0,1,7,8,0,1,7,11,0,5,7,7,0,4,7,8,0,4,7,8,0\r\nDATA 4,7,8,0,4,7,8,0,4,7,8,0,4,7,8,0,5,7,7,0,1,7,2,0,1,7,8,0\r\nDATA 1,7,3,0,1,7,7,0,1,7,2,0,1,7,2,0,1,7,5,0,2,7,1,0,2,7,7,0\r\nDATA 1,7,2,0,1,7,8,0,4,7,9,0,1,7,10,0,1,7,12,0,1,7,64,0,5,7,7,0\r\nDATA 4,7,10,0,1,7,9,0,1,7,3,0,1,7,7,0,1,7,3,0,1,7,7,0,1,7,2,0\r\nDATA 1,7,2,0,1,7,7,0,3,7,7,0,5,7,10,0,1,7,8,0,1,7,12,0,1,7,12,0\r\nDATA 1,7,45,0,4,7,8,0,4,7,8,0,4,7,8,0,4,7,8,0,4,7,8,0,3,7,9,0\r\nDATA 5,7,7,0,4,7,8,0,1,7,13,0,1,7,9,0,1,7,2,0,1,7,8,0,1,7,11,0\r\nDATA 5,7,7,0,4,7,8,0,4,7,8,0,4,7,8,0,4,7,8,0,4,7,8,0,4,7,8,0\r\nDATA 5,7,7,0,1,7,2,0,1,7,8,0,1,7,3,0,1,7,7,0,1,7,2,0,1,7,2,0\r\nDATA 1,7,5,0,2,7,1,0,2,7,7,0,1,7,2,0,1,7,8,0,4,7,9,0,1,7,10,0\r\nDATA 1,7,12,0,1,7,64,0,4,7,8,0,5,7,9,0,1,7,9,0,1,7,3,0,1,7,7,0\r\nDATA 1,7,3,0,1,7,7,0,1,7,2,0,1,7,2,0,1,7,7,0,3,7,8,0,3,7,10,0\r\nDATA 1,7,9,0,1,7,13,0,1,7,11,0,1,7,45,0,4,7,8,0,4,7,8,0,4,7,8,0\r\nDATA 4,7,8,0,4,7,8,0,3,7,9,0,5,7,7,0,4,7,8,0,1,7,13,0,1,7,9,0\r\nDATA 3,7,9,0,1,7,11,0,5,7,7,0,4,7,8,0,4,7,8,0,4,7,8,0,4,7,8,0\r\nDATA 4,7,8,0,4,7,8,0,5,7,7,0,1,7,2,0,1,7,8,0,1,7,3,0,1,7,7,0\r\nDATA 1,7,2,0,1,7,2,0,1,7,5,0,2,7,1,0,2,7,7,0,1,7,2,0,1,7,8,0\r\nDATA 4,7,9,0,1,7,10,0,1,7,12,0,1,7,64,0,5,7,8,0,4,7,9,0,1,7,9,0\r\nDATA 1,7,3,0,1,7,7,0,1,7,3,0,1,7,7,0,1,7,2,0,1,7,2,0,1,7,7,0\r\nDATA 3,7,8,0,3,7,9,0,1,7,10,0,1,7,13,0,1,7,11,0,1,7,48,0,1,7,8,0\r\nDATA 1,7,2,0,1,7,8,0,1,7,11,0,1,7,2,0,1,7,8,0,1,7,2,0,1,7,8,0\r\nDATA 1,7,11,0,1,7,3,0,1,7,7,0,1,7,2,0,1,7,8,0,1,7,13,0,1,7,9,0\r\nDATA 3,7,9,0,1,7,11,0,1,7,1,0,1,7,1,0,1,7,7,0,1,7,2,0,1,7,8,0\r\nDATA 1,7,2,0,1,7,8,0,1,7,2,0,1,7,8,0,1,7,2,0,1,7,8,0,1,7,11,0\r\nDATA 1,7,12,0,1,7,10,0,1,7,2,0,1,7,8,0,1,7,3,0,1,7,7,0,1,7,2,0\r\nDATA 1,7,2,0,1,7,7,0,1,7,9,0,1,7,2,0,1,7,11,0,1,7,8,0,1,7,11,0\r\nDATA 1,7,13,0,1,7,63,0,1,7,3,0,1,7,11,0,1,7,9,0,1,7,9,0,1,7,3,0\r\nDATA 1,7,7,0,1,7,3,0,1,7,7,0,1,7,2,0,1,7,2,0,1,7,7,0,1,7,1,0\r\nDATA 1,7,9,0,1,7,10,0,1,7,10,0,1,7,14,0,1,7,10,0,1,7,46,0,3,7,8,0\r\nDATA 1,7,2,0,1,7,8,0,1,7,11,0,1,7,2,0,1,7,8,0,4,7,8,0,1,7,11,0\r\nDATA 1,7,3,0,1,7,7,0,1,7,2,0,1,7,8,0,1,7,13,0,1,7,9,0,3,7,9,0\r\nDATA 1,7,11,0,1,7,1,0,1,7,1,0,1,7,7,0,1,7,2,0,1,7,8,0,1,7,2,0\r\nDATA 1,7,8,0,1,7,2,0,1,7,8,0,1,7,2,0,1,7,8,0,1,7,12,0,2,7,10,0\r\nDATA 1,7,10,0,1,7,2,0,1,7,8,0,1,7,3,0,1,7,7,0,1,7,2,0,1,7,2,0\r\nDATA 1,7,7,0,1,7,9,0,1,7,2,0,1,7,9,0,2,7,10,0,1,7,10,0,1,7,12,0\r\nDATA 1,7,64,0,1,7,3,0,1,7,11,0,1,7,9,0,1,7,9,0,1,7,3,0,1,7,7,0\r\nDATA 1,7,3,0,1,7,7,0,1,7,2,0,1,7,2,0,1,7,6,0,1,7,3,0,1,7,8,0\r\nDATA 1,7,9,0,1,7,11,0,1,7,14,0,1,7,10,0,1,7,45,0,1,7,2,0,1,7,8,0\r\nDATA 1,7,2,0,1,7,8,0,1,7,11,0,1,7,2,0,1,7,8,0,1,7,11,0,1,7,11,0\r\nDATA 1,7,3,0,1,7,7,0,1,7,2,0,1,7,8,0,1,7,13,0,1,7,9,0,3,7,9,0\r\nDATA 1,7,11,0,1,7,1,0,1,7,1,0,1,7,7,0,1,7,2,0,1,7,8,0,1,7,2,0\r\nDATA 1,7,8,0,1,7,2,0,1,7,8,0,1,7,2,0,1,7,8,0,1,7,14,0,1,7,9,0\r\nDATA 1,7,10,0,1,7,2,0,1,7,8,0,1,7,3,0,1,7,7,0,1,7,2,0,1,7,2,0\r\nDATA 1,7,7,0,1,7,9,0,1,7,2,0,1,7,8,0,1,7,12,0,1,7,10,0,1,7,12,0\r\nDATA 1,7,64,0,1,7,3,0,1,7,7,0,5,7,9,0,1,7,9,0,5,7,7,0,5,7,7,0\r\nDATA 7,7,5,0,2,7,3,0,2,7,7,0,1,7,9,0,5,7,7,0,1,7,15,0,1,7,9,0\r\nDATA 1,7,45,0,4,7,8,0,4,7,8,0,4,7,8,0,4,7,8,0,4,7,8,0,1,7,11,0\r\nDATA 5,7,7,0,1,7,2,0,1,7,8,0,1,7,13,0,1,7,9,0,1,7,2,0,1,7,8,0\r\nDATA 1,7,11,0,1,7,1,0,1,7,1,0,1,7,7,0,1,7,2,0,1,7,8,0,4,7,8,0\r\nDATA 4,7,8,0,4,7,8,0,1,7,11,0,4,7,9,0,4,7,7,0,4,7,8,0,5,7,7,0\r\nDATA 7,7,5,0,2,7,1,0,2,7,7,0,4,7,8,0,4,7,9,0,1,7,10,0,1,7,12,0\r\nDATA 1,7,64,0,1,7,3,0,1,7,7,0,5,7,9,0,1,7,9,0,5,7,8,0,3,7,8,0\r\nDATA 7,7,5,0,2,7,3,0,2,7,7,0,1,7,9,0,5,7,7,0,1,7,15,0,1,7,9,0\r\nDATA 1,7,45,0,4,7,8,0,4,7,8,0,4,7,8,0,4,7,8,0,4,7,8,0,1,7,11,0\r\nDATA 5,7,7,0,1,7,2,0,1,7,8,0,1,7,13,0,1,7,9,0,1,7,2,0,1,7,8,0\r\nDATA 1,7,11,0,1,7,1,0,1,7,1,0,1,7,7,0,1,7,2,0,1,7,8,0,4,7,8,0\r\nDATA 4,7,8,0,4,7,8,0,1,7,11,0,4,7,9,0,4,7,7,0,4,7,9,0,3,7,8,0\r\nDATA 7,7,5,0,2,7,1,0,2,7,7,0,4,7,8,0,4,7,9,0,1,7,10,0,1,7,12,0\r\nDATA 1,7,64,0,1,7,3,0,1,7,7,0,5,7,9,0,1,7,9,0,5,7,8,0,3,7,8,0\r\nDATA 7,7,5,0,2,7,3,0,2,7,7,0,1,7,9,0,5,7,7,0,1,7,16,0,1,7,8,0\r\nDATA 1,7,45,0,4,7,8,0,4,7,8,0,4,7,8,0,4,7,8,0,4,7,8,0,1,7,11,0\r\nDATA 5,7,7,0,1,7,2,0,1,7,8,0,1,7,13,0,1,7,9,0,1,7,2,0,1,7,8,0\r\nDATA 1,7,11,0,1,7,1,0,1,7,1,0,1,7,7,0,1,7,2,0,1,7,8,0,4,7,8,0\r\nDATA 4,7,8,0,4,7,8,0,1,7,11,0,4,7,9,0,4,7,7,0,4,7,9,0,3,7,8,0\r\nDATA 7,7,5,0,2,7,1,0,2,7,7,0,4,7,8,0,4,7,9,0,1,7,10,0,1,7,12,0\r\nDATA 1,7,64,0,1,7,3,0,1,7,7,0,4,7,10,0,1,7,10,0,3,7,10,0,1,7,10,0\r\nDATA 2,7,1,0,2,7,6,0,2,7,3,0,2,7,7,0,1,7,9,0,5,7,7,0,3,7,14,0\r\nDATA 1,7,6,0,3,7,46,0,3,7,8,0,3,7,10,0,3,7,9,0,3,7,9,0,3,7,8,0\r\nDATA 1,7,12,0,4,7,7,0,1,7,2,0,1,7,8,0,1,7,13,0,1,7,9,0,1,7,2,0\r\nDATA 1,7,8,0,1,7,11,0,1,7,1,0,1,7,1,0,1,7,7,0,1,7,2,0,1,7,9,0\r\nDATA 2,7,9,0,3,7,10,0,3,7,8,0,1,7,11,0,3,7,11,0,3,7,8,0,2,7,11,0\r\nDATA 1,7,10,0,2,7,1,0,2,7,6,0,2,7,1,0,2,7,8,0,3,7,8,0,4,7,9,0\r\nDATA 1,7,10,0,1,7,12,0,1,7,172,0,3,7,21,0,3,7,21,0,6,7,94,0,1,7,33,0\r\nDATA 1,7,69,0,1,7,14,0,1,7,95,0,1,7,21,0,1,7,23,0,1,7,172,0,3,7,21,0\r\nDATA 3,7,117,0,5,7,31,0,3,7,69,0,1,7,14,0,1,7,92,0,4,7,22,0,1,7,21,0\r\nDATA 1,7,317,0,4,7,32,0,2,7,70,0,1,7,14,0,1,7,92,0,3,7,693,0,\r\n\r\nSUB PrintSTRING (x, y, Prnt$, Font)\r\n\r\nSELECT CASE Font\r\n CASE 1: FileNAME$ = \"PONGG1.FBS\"\r\n CASE 2: FileNAME$ = \"PONGG2.FBS\"\r\nEND SELECT\r\n\r\nDEF SEG = VARSEG(Box(0))\r\nBLOAD LCASE$(FileNAME$), VARPTR(Box(0))\r\nDEF SEG\r\n\r\nFOR i = 1 TO LEN(Prnt$)\r\n Char$ = MID$(Prnt$, i, 1)\r\n IF Char$ = \" \" THEN\r\n x = x + Box(1)\r\n ELSE\r\n Index = (ASC(Char$) - 33) * Box(0) + 2\r\n PUT (x, y), Box(Index)\r\n x = x + Box(Index)\r\n END IF\r\nNEXT i\r\n\r\nEND SUB\r\n"
] | {
"pile_set_name": "Github"
} | [
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] | 0.006044 | 5 |
[
"1. ",
"Field\nThe present application relates generally to wireless communication, and more specifically to systems and methods for distributing computing between communication devices.",
"\n2. ",
"Background\nWireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication (e.g., voice, data, multimedia services, etc.) ",
"to multiple users. ",
"As the demand for high-rate and multimedia data services rapidly grows, there lies a challenge to implement efficient and robust communication systems with enhanced performance.",
"\nIn addition to mobile phone networks currently in place, a new class of small base stations has emerged, which may be installed in a user's home and provide indoor wireless coverage to mobile units using existing broadband Internet connections. ",
"Such personal miniature base stations are generally known as access point base stations, or, alternatively, Home Node B (HNB), femto access points, or femto nodes. ",
"Typically, such miniature base stations are connected to the Internet and the mobile operator's network via a DSL router or a cable modem. ",
"Multiple femto nodes may be deployed by individual users in the coverage area of a traditional macro node. ",
"Femto nodes may form part of local networks and may be connected to various devices. ",
"A user's mobile unit may be constrained in terms of power, bandwidth, or processing capability. ",
"Thus it may be desirable to reallocate certain processing tasks from the user's mobile unit to a less constrained device."
] | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
} | [
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[
"Shortly before 9:00 a.m. today, Sheriff’s detectives arrested 27 year-old Donald Ortez-Lucero in connection with a 2007 homicide in south Sacramento. ",
"Ortez-Lucero was arrested at his residence in Oakland, and booked into the Alameda County Jail on two counts of murder. ",
"He is ineligible for bail at this time.",
"\n\nOn September 14, 2007, at 1:57 p.m., Sheriff’s deputies responded to the call of an injured baby at the corner of Country Greens Court and First Draw Way in south Sacramento. ",
"Deputies discovered an eight-month old baby who had sustained a gunshot wound to his head. ",
"The baby, later identified as Sean Aquitania, Jr., was transported to a local hospital and died of his injury.",
"\n\nFurther investigation led deputies to a residence in the 8400 block of Country Greens Court, where they found twenty-one year old Sean Aquitania, the baby’s father. ",
"Aquitania had suffered two gunshot wounds to his upper body, and died at the scene. ",
"Preliminary information was that Aquitania and his baby had happened upon the scene of a home-invasion robbery, at which time the shootings took place.",
"\n\nAt this time, detectives are still looking for at least two other suspects in connection to this incident. ",
"Recently developed information ultimately led to the identification and arrest of Ortez-Lucero as a third person involved. ",
"His exact role is still under investigation, but his participation is believed to be in addition to that of the two other suspects.",
"\n\nThe first suspect (see attached composite sketches from two separate witnesses) was described as a light-skinned, possibly Hispanic male. ",
"He was approximately 5’9” tall, and weighed between 180 and 200 pounds. ",
"He wore an Oakland A’s baseball cap and jersey, and was clean-shaven with the exception of a thin moustache.",
"\n\nThe other suspect involved has been described as a dark-skinned, possibly African-American male with a round face and stocky build. ",
"He wore a hooded sweatshirt and had a bandana or some other covering over his face. ",
"Investigators believe that this individual may have sustained an injury (possibly a gunshot wound) to his lower body during the commission of this crime, and may have sought treatment for his injury following the incident.",
"\n\nSince Ortez-Lucero was residing in the Bay Area, detectives believe that the two other suspects in this case may have ties to that area, as well.",
"\n\nAnyone with information regarding this case is encouraged to call Detective Brian Meux of the Sheriff’s Homicide Bureau at (916) 874-5115, Crime Alert at (916) 443-HELP or send a text message tip to 274637 (CRIMES) then enter SACTIP followed by the tip information. ",
"Callers can remain anonymous and may be eligible for a reward of up to $1,000."
] | {
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
} | [
0.013333333333333334,
0.008333333333333333,
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0.01694915254237288,
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[
"/*\n * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify\n * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by\n * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or\n * (at your option) any later version.",
"\n *\n * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,\n * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of\n * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. ",
" See the\n * GNU General Public License for more details.",
"\n *\n * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License\n * along with this program. ",
" If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.",
"\n */\n\n/*\n * Copyright (C) 2006 University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand\n */\n\npackage weka.core.converters;\n\nimport java.io.",
"File;\n\nimport junit.framework.",
"Test;\nimport junit.framework.",
"TestSuite;\n\n/**\n * Tests C45Loader/C45Saver. ",
"Run from the command line with:<p/>\n * java weka.core.converters.",
"C45Test\n *\n * @author FracPete (fracpete at waikato dot ac dot nz)\n * @version $Revision: 8034 $\n */\npublic class C45Test \n extends AbstractFileConverterTest {\n\n /** the name of the data file */\n protected String m_ExportFilenameData;\n \n /**\n * Constructs the <code>C45Test</code>.",
"\n *\n * @param name the name of the test class\n */\n public C45Test(String name) { \n super(name); \n }\n\n /**\n * returns the loader used in the tests\n * \n * @return the configured loader\n */\n public AbstractLoader getLoader() {\n return new C45Loader();\n }\n\n /**\n * returns the saver used in the tests\n * \n * @return the configured saver\n */\n public AbstractSaver getSaver() {\n return new C45Saver();\n }\n \n /**\n * returns the filename for the data file.",
"\n * \n * @return the filename\n */\n protected String getExportFilenameData() {\n return m_ExportFilename.replaceAll(\"\\\\.names\", \".data\");\n }\n \n /**\n * returns the command line options, either for the loader or the saver\n * \n * @param loader\tif true the options for the loader will be returned,\n * \t\t\totherwise the ones for the saver\n * @return\t\tthe command line options\n */\n protected String[] getCommandlineOptions(boolean loader) {\n if (loader)\n return super.getCommandlineOptions(loader);\n else\n return new String[]{\"-i\", m_SourceFilename, \"-o\", m_ExportFilename, \"-c\", \"last\"};\n }\n \n /**\n * Called by JUnit before each test method.",
"\n *\n * @throws Exception if an error occurs reading the example instances.",
"\n */\n protected void setUp() throws Exception {\n File \tfile;\n\n super.setUp();\n \n m_ExportFilenameData = getExportFilenameData();\n\n // delete temp. ",
"files\n file = new File(m_ExportFilenameData);\n if (file.exists())\n file.delete();\n }\n\n /** \n * Called by JUnit after each test method\n */\n protected void tearDown() throws Exception {\n File \tfile;\n\n // delete temp. ",
"files\n file = new File(m_ExportFilenameData);\n if (file.exists())\n file.delete();\n \n m_ExportFilenameData = null;\n \n super.tearDown();\n }\n \n /**\n * ignored, since not supported!",
"\n */\n public void testLoaderWithStream() {\n System.out.println(\"testLoaderWithStream is ignored!\");",
"\n }\n\n /**\n * returns a test suite\n * \n * @return the test suite\n */\n public static Test suite() {\n return new TestSuite(C45Test.class);\n }\n\n /**\n * for running the test from commandline\n * \n * @param args the commandline arguments - ignored\n */\n public static void main(String[] args){\n junit.textui.",
"TestRunner.run(suite());\n }\n}\n\n"
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"pile_set_name": "Github"
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[
"Q:\n\nHow to pass a div_id to jquery load function\n\nI have a story model that has many posts. ",
" I list the stories in an index view without each story's posts. ",
" When a user clicks on one of the stories in the index view I want to load that story's posts via calling stories/(story_id)/posts using the ajax .load function, and make sure to put the posts into that story's correct div (created by \"<%= div_for(story, \"posts_bucket_for\") do %>\")\nThe problem is, I don't know how to pass the correct story_id to the .load function or how to make sure that the resulting posts are loaded into the correct posts_bucket_for. ",
"\nHere's my _story.html.erb file:\n<%= div_for(story) do %>\n <%= div_for(story, \"heading_for\") do %>\n <span class=story_title>\n <%= story.title.titleize %>\n </span>\n <span class=story_post_amount>\n # of posts: <%= story.posts.length %>\n </span>\n <% end %>\n<%= div_for(story, \"posts_bucket_for\") do %>\n<% end %>\n\nHere's my PostController#index action\n def index\n @story = Story.find(params[:story_id])\n @posts = @story.posts\n respond_with(@posts, :api_template => :public, :root => :posts)\n end\n\nAny help would be greatly appreciated!!!",
"\n\nA:\n\nHere is one way to implement a solution (this is for Rails 3).",
"\nAccording to the Rails documentation for div_for, div_for(story, :class => \"story\") will produce HTML that looks like:\n<div id=\"story_123\" class=\"story\"> Your content </div> \n\nSo, with jQuery, you could run something like:\n// Attach click event handlers to your story divs\n$(function() {\n $(\"div.story\").click(function() {\n // Get the HTML ID of the story div\n html_id = $(this).attr('id');\n // Extract the database id\n story_id = html_id.split(\"_\")[1];\n // Call your handy function to load story posts\n loadStoryPosts(story_id);\n });\n});\n\nFor your buckets, I would not use another div_for(story). ",
"This would result in you having two divs on the page with the same ID. ",
"Instead, I would do something like this:\n<%= div_for(story, :class => \"story\") do %>\n <p>The story</p>\n <div class=\"posts\" />\n<% end %>\n\nAnd then, in jQuery\n// Make an AJAX request to your Rails server\nfunction loadStoryPosts(story_id) {\n // This is a jQuery AJAX GET request to your stories/:id/posts route\n $.get(\"stories/\" + story_id + \"/posts\", function(data) {\n html_id = \"story_\" + story_id; \n // Insert the result of the request into the appropriate posts bucket\n $(\"#\"+html_id+\" .posts\").html(data);\n });\n}\n\nThe remaining task is to have a controller action handle the AJAX request and return the posts to be inserted onto the page.",
"\nclass StoriesController < ApplicationController\n def posts\n story = Story.find params[:id]\n # Render the story's posts inside a partial (without any layout)\n render :partial => \"stories/posts\", :locals => { :posts => story.posts }, :layout => false\n end\nend\n\nYou'll also want to create a partial to render the posts. ",
"In my example, this would be views/stories/_posts.html.erb.",
"\nThis is a lot of new learning material if you haven't dealt with AJAX+Rails before, so here are a couple useful tutorials: here and here.",
"\n\n"
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"Q:\n\nError 1934 : Drop failed for User 'username'\n\nI keep getting this error everytime I try to delete a user from the database :\n\nExpand the database\nExpand Security\nExpand Users\nRight-click 'username' then select Delete\n\nThe following error occurs :\nDrop failed for User 'username'. (",
"Microsoft.",
"SqlServer.",
"Smo)\nAdditional Information:\nAn exception occurred while executing a Transact-SQL statement or batch.",
"\nCONDITIONAL failed because the following SET options have incorrect settings: 'ARITHABORT'.",
"\nVerify that SET options are correct for use with indexed views and/or indexes on computed columns and/or query notifications and/or xml data type methods. (",
"Microsoft SQL Server, Error: 1934)\nHas anyone encountered this before?",
"\n\nA:\n\nI am not sure if this is supposed to be a fix, but it does work for the moment.",
"\nJust run this on the DB :\nSET ARITHABORT ON\nDROP USERNAME\nSET ARITHABORT OFF\n\n"
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[
"A quantitative evaluation of IMRT dose distributions: refinement and clinical assessment of the gamma evaluation.",
"\nAlthough intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) is a step forward in comparison to conventional, static beam delivery, quality assurance is more complex and labour intensive, demanding detailed two-dimensional dosimetric verification. ",
"Regardless of the technique used for measuring the dose distribution, what is essential to the implementation of routine verification of IMRT fields is the efficient and accurate comparison of the measured versus desired dose distribution. ",
"In order to achieve a fast, yet accurate quantitative measure of the correspondence between measured and calculated dose, the theoretical concept of the gamma evaluation method presented by Low et al. (",
"Med. ",
"Phys., ",
"25 (1998) 656) was converted into a calculation algorithm, taking into account practical considerations related to the discrete nature of the data. ",
"A filter cascade of multiple levels was designed to obtain fast and accurate comparison of the two dose distributions under evaluation. ",
"The actual comparison consists of classification into accepted or rejected datapoints with respect to user-defined acceptance criteria (dose difference and distance to agreement). ",
"The presented algorithm was tested on dosimetric images calculated and/or acquired by means of a liquid filled portal imaging device during the course of intensity modulated treatments of prostate cancer, including pre-treatment verification as well as verification during treatment. ",
"To assess its ability to intercept possible errors in dose delivery, clinically relevant errors were deliberately introduced into the dose distributions. ",
"The developed gamma filter method proves successful in the efficient comparison of calculated versus measured IMRT dose distribution. ",
"Secondly, intercomparison of dosimetric images acquired during different treatment sessions illustrate its potential to highlight variations in the dosimetric images. ",
"The simulated errors were unmistakably intercepted. ",
"The readily obtained gamma evaluation images are an easy tool for quality control of IMRT fields. ",
"To reduce the artefacts related to the discrete nature and limited resolution of the data, a fast and accurate filter cascade was developed, offering the possibility to use the gamma method for day to day evaluation of patient dosimetric portal images with or without comparison to a predicted portal dose distribution."
] | {
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[
"Q:\n\nUsing Facebook-iOS-SDK (4.0.1) result.isCancelled is set when using a browser\n\nI'm using Facebook-iOS-SDK (4.0.1) for logging in with custom button. ",
"I'm implementing the following code \n- (IBAction)fbButtonClicked:(UIButton *)sender {\nFBSDKLoginManager *login = [[FBSDKLoginManager alloc] init];\n[login logInWithReadPermissions:@[@\"email\"] handler:^(FBSDKLoginManagerLoginResult *result, NSError *error) {\n if (error) {\n // Process error\n } else if (result.isCancelled) {\n // Handle cancellations\n } else {\n // If you ask for multiple permissions at once, you\n // should check if specific permissions missing\n if ([result.grantedPermissions containsObject:@\"email\"]) {\n // Do work\n if ([FBSDKAccessToken currentAccessToken]) {\n\n [[[FBSDKGraphRequest alloc] initWithGraphPath:@\"me/friends\" parameters:nil]\n startWithCompletionHandler:^(FBSDKGraphRequestConnection *connection, id result2, NSError *error) {\n\n if (!",
"error) {\n NSLog(@\"fetched user:%@\", result2);\n }\n }];\n }\n }\n }\n}];\n\n}\nif I have facebook app installed on a device then the code works fine. ",
"When I do not have facebook app installed, then the facebook is opened in a browser. ",
"Here, 'result.isCancelled' is set to 'YES' and I do not get a required result. ",
" \n\nA:\n\n- (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application openURL:(NSURL *)url sourceApplication:(NSString *)sourceApplication annotation:(id)annotation {\n return [[FBSDKApplicationDelegate sharedInstance] application:application\n openURL:url\n sourceApplication:sourceApplication\n annotation:annotation];\n}\n\nis required in appDelegate.m\n\n"
] | {
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[
"Vishnu Solanki\n\nVishnu Solanki (born 15 October 1992) is an Indian cricketer. ",
"He made his first-class debut for Baroda in the 2014–15 Ranji Trophy on 6 February 2015. ",
"In November 2017, he scored his maiden century in first-class cricket, batting for Baroda against Tripura in the 2017–18 Ranji Trophy.",
"\n\nIn July 2018, he was named in the squad for India Green for the 2018–19 Duleep Trophy. ",
"He was the leading run-scorer for Baroda in the 2018–19 Ranji Trophy, with 595 runs in eight matches.",
"\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \n\nCategory:1992 births\nCategory:Living people\nCategory:Indian cricketers\nCategory:Baroda cricketers\nCategory:India Green cricketers\nCategory:People from Vadodara"
] | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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[
"Xenon Tetroxide: Preparation and Some Properties.",
"\nXenon tetroxide is a yellow solid at low temperature. ",
"It has a vapor pressure of about 25 mm-Hg at 0 degrees C. It is unstable at room temperature. ",
"The infrared spectrum of the vapor shows it to have tetrahedral symmetry."
] | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} | [
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0,
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[
"Panasonic WV-SW559 Vandal-Resistant Full HD Security Camera\nIt can't get better than the Panasonic WV-SW559, a multi-featured package of the latest innovations. ",
"It provides full HD quality images. ",
"Fitted with dehumidification technology, this IP66 rated surveillance camera is not only resistant to water and dust, but also to vandalism, ensuring that it is fit for all outdoor needs. ",
"This dome camera is part of a series of 1080p network video surveillance cameras that deliver full HD images and 360p images using 2.8-10mm 3.6x varifocal auto-iris lenses. ",
"It's next generation LSI processor provides simultaneous cropping of whole and part images, lower bandwidth storage requirements, more VIQS zones, dual H.264 streaming capability and higher-level functionality. ",
"The combination of VIQS and H.264 compression, enables bandwidth reduction by decreasing image quality for less important areas in a frame, while retaining image quality for critical ones.",
"\n\nFace detection analytics, Face Super Dynamic Range and ABF are only a few of the super smart features of the WV-SW559. ",
"They detect the position of a human face, ensure clear face images and stable focus in color and black-and-white modes. ",
"Using an MOS sensor, the SW559 provides 1080p images across multiple H.264 and JPEG streams. ",
"The MEGA Super Dynamic technology delivers 128x dynamic range, making the day/night image quality of the SW559 ideal in all conditions. ",
"The electronic sensitivity enhancement function auto increases the quantity of light stored on the sensor, giving brighter images. ",
"In addition, the UniPhier LSI chip enables this network camera to simultaneously stream real-time imagery in Full HD resolution of 1920 x 1080 at 30 fps. ",
"Furthermore, with the progressive scan technology, you can be sure to obtain blur-free images even when the object is in motion. ",
"As the WV-SW559 camera is Power over Ethernet (PoE) compatible, it can be installed almost anywhere without the need for an additional power supply. ",
"The Panasonic WV-SW559 Vandal-Resistant Full HD Security Camera has an ONVIF compliant dome which is a must for a wide range of applications.",
"\n\nKey Features of the Panasonic WV-SW559 Vandal-Resistant Full HD Security Camera"
] | {
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
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[
"To the Editor:\n\nRe “No Cellphone, No Recording, No Audience?” (",
"front page, Oct. 7):\n\nI applaud the performers, like the violinist A nne-Sophie Mutter, who have taken matters into their own hands to stop intrusive and inappropriate filming in theaters.",
"\n\nThe behavior of phone addicts distracts audience members as well. ",
"The light from a phone that appears suddenly as someone texts during a play or film is profoundly annoying, as is having your view blocked repeatedly by people who simply must make an Instagram-able “I was there!” ",
"record of a performance.",
"\n\nI write as someone who was shoved and almost knocked to the floor in the R ijksmuseum in Amsterdam by a tourist determined to get the perfect selfie with a Vermeer. ",
"Apparently, enthusiasm for art now seems to require the intermediary of electronic devices. ",
"It’s a shame that cultural institutions are pandering to this.",
"\n\nEllen D. Murphy\n\nPortland, Me.",
"\n\nTo the Editor:\n\nAfter paying for pricey seats to see “An American in Paris” and “To Kill a Mockingbird,” I had the bad luck both times to be seated next to cellphone offenders."
] | {
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
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[
"Q:\n\nWindows Forms YesNo Message Box - Buttons Text\n\nPossible Duplicate:\nHow to change button text for Yes & No buttons on MessageBox.",
"Show Dialog? ",
"\n\nIn a Windows Forms application I have a MessageBox with YesNo buttons. ",
"I want to change the text on the buttons (from \"Yes\", \"No\" to something custom).",
"\n\nA:\n\nIf I were you I'd create my own MessageBox dialog. ",
" It's not that hard and I'm sure you'd be able to do this faster than hacking the standard MessageBox.",
"\n\n"
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[
"1. ",
"Field of the Invention\nThe present invention relates to guard means for shielding elongated tear-edges, for instance the tear-edges provided on kitchen-paper roll holders.",
"\n2. ",
"Description of the Prior Art\nThe fact that the tear-edges provided on different types of roll-holders can cause injury to the hands of persons who grip carelessly the end of a paper roll contained in a roll-holder without due care to the presence of the tear-edges is very problematic. ",
"In order to enable kitchen paper to be produced at high machine-speeds and in order to provide a paper which is strong and durable in use, such paper will contain relatively strong fibres. ",
"Consequently, it is necessary for the tear-edge against which such paper is severed from the roll to be sharp and preferably also serrated. ",
"For obvious reasons, a sharp knife-edge is less practical or suitable in this connection, since the user cannot be relied upon to exercise care when reaching for the end of a paper roll, in order to sever a strip of paper therefrom.",
"\nSerrated tear-edges have long been used with the type of roll-holders meant here. ",
"Such tear-edges enable the paper to be severed at any point along its length and will also enable fibre-reinforced paper and other kinds of kitchen fabric to be severed from the roll along a straight line.",
"\nIn order to minimize the risk of inflicting an injury when reaching for the end of a paper-roll hanging from a roll holder, it has been proposed that a relatively long length of paper should be left hanging from the holder. ",
"In the case of earlier designs of roll-holders with which the paper is taken from the roll through a centre cavity therein, the cylindrical tear-edge is located at a relatively long distance from the centre-hole in the bottom of the roll-holder through which the paper is pulled out. ",
"Despite the fact that this design enables the paper web to hang down through a distance equal to almost half the diameter of the roll-holder, it still does not eliminate completely the occurrence of hand injuries.",
"\nThe next stage in the development of such holders resulted in the provision of a protective collar located externally of the tear-edge. ",
"However, in order for the collar to fulfill a protective function while not constituting an obstacle when severing a strip of paper from the roll, it was necessary to give the collar a wavy configuration, as evident for instance from SE-B-8202091-8.",
"\nAnother method of reducing the risk of hand injuries from serrated tear-edges involves holding the tear-edges in a shielded location when not in use, and to advance the tear-edges to an active position when required for use. ",
"This method is the inventive subject of SE-B-8702872-6.",
"\nOne drawback associated with tear-edges which need to be brought to an active position on given occasions is that they must be pivotally journalled and provided with means for transmitting movement of the roll when a length of paper is drawn therefrom.",
"\nIn the case of roll-holders in which several such tear-edges are provided and mounted such as to enable one tear-edge to be swung out in dependence on the direction in which it is desired to sever paper from the roll, as with the invention according to the aforesaid published specification SE-B-8702872-6, it is necessary to provide one or more means for transferring movement of the paper web to respective pivotal tear-edges. ",
"This multi-part construction is prone to malfunction or is rendered awkward by the number of component parts involved. ",
"Furthermore, the construction requires the provision of springs operative to return the tear-edges to their respective shielded positions, subsequent to severing a length of paper from the roll."
] | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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"Comparison of knowledge, attitudes and behaviour of health professionals and parents regarding child injuries.",
"\nWe wanted to primarily examine the knowledge, attitudes and behaviour of parents and health workers (community nurses and paediatricians) regarding child injuries in order to understand the essence of the problem and to find out the most common misconceptions. ",
"Respondents were tested through an anonymous, self-administered questionnaire and all p values below 0.05 were considered significant. ",
"Of all respondents, paediatricians answered accurately most of the questions considering knowledge than the other groups. ",
"More than 90% of respondents, in all groups, identified correct answers to 10 questions about attitudes towards child injury prevention and safety promotion. ",
"This study, which shows the current level of knowledge, attitudes and behaviour patterns of parents and health professionals in Croatia, could help in the preparation of appropriate prevention programmes."
] | {
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[
"Influence of bed supply and health care organization on regional and local patterns of diabetes related hospitalization.",
"\nThis paper undertakes both a macro- and micro-scale analysis of the influences exerted by the health care system on patterns of hospitalization. ",
"The health disorder of diabetes mellitus is used as the case study and the analyses are based on New Zealand data sets. ",
"The article first examines the extent to which both the supply and organization of primary and secondary health care affect rates of hospitalization. ",
"The macro-scale analysis investigates the applicability of Roemer's Law to regional variations in diabetes hospitalization. ",
"The organizational control of hospital utilization via doctor gatekeeping functions and interaction between health services are then examined at the local level. ",
"This analysis assumes a population based approach using the Canterbury Register of Insulin-treated diabetic persons as the study population. ",
"Diabetes discharge rates were found to be most highly correlated with hospital bed supply in 5 of the 8 years studied (1979-1986). ",
"Stepwise regression analysis indicated area rates of diabetes hospitalization were significantly influenced by resource factors even after controlling for differences in the socio-demographic characteristics of the area populations. ",
"This confirmed the presence of Roemer's Law at the aggregate level with rates of diabetes hospitalization appearing to have more to do with the availability of medical resources than to population needs. ",
"At the local level, hospital admission patterns were found to vary by general practitioner age, practice type found to vary by general practitioner age, practice type and diabetic caseload. ",
"Overall, insulin-treated diabetic patients most likely to be hospitalized were those in the care of young doctors new to general practice, and those who attended doctors who had small diabetic caseloads. ",
"Solo practitioners had the lowest rates of patient hospitalization. ",
"There were marked disparities in patient access to specialist diabetes education and clinical outpatient services by patient age, duration of diabetes and attendance on primary care. ",
"Overall, no significant differences were found in the propensity for hospitalization between users and non-users of these specialist services. ",
"This does not imply however, service ineffectiveness but rather is indicative of the complexity of the local diabetes care organization and the differing needs of the insulin-treated diabetic population within the community as a whole."
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"Q:\n\nHow to load jQuery into WordPress properly\n\nI have a WordPress site that I would like to use a jQuery plugin called DataTables. ",
"I've been having troubling figuring out the right way to load the jQuery script and the DataTables script into WordPress.",
"\nI know I'm supposed to use something with: wp_enqueue_script(\"jquery\") - but I do not know where to put it or how to load the other jQuery plugin i need.",
"\nThe last bit I tried was putting this in the header.php file for my WordPress site:\n<?",
"php wp_enqueue_script(\"jquery\"); ?",
">\n\n<?",
"php wp_head(); ?",
">\n\nAny help would be greatly appreciated!",
"\n\nA:\n\njQuery is included in WordPress core and when you include your javascript, you can declare that your script is dependent on jquery being loaded as the third parameter of wp_enqueue_script: http://codex.wordpress.org/Function_Reference/wp_enqueue_script.",
"\nThe proper way to use wp_enqueue_script is to include it in a callback that is attached to a specific action hook. ",
" That sounded incredibly complicated to me when I started with WordPress, but it's actually a really good system because it allows you to specify when your code should run during the initialization of WordPress.",
"\nSo, in your functions.php or a plugin, you add your hook.",
"\nadd_action( 'wp_enqueue_scripts', 'my_js_include_function' );\n\nThen, in that function, you running the actual inclusion, and declare that your script is dependent on jquery.",
"\nfunction my_js_include_function() {\n wp_enqueue_script( 'my_script.js', '/path/to/myscript.js', array('jquery') );\n}\n\nThe first parameter of wp_ennqueue_script() is an arbitrary name you are assigning to your script. ",
" If you were to then declare another script was dependent on the original one, that's how you would refer to it in the third parameter.",
"\n\n"
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