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"As your blockchain application development efforts and pilots mature, we realize that the requirements for the underlying consortium network will change, and that you will need to easily and securely create and deploy across multiple regions and support members comprised from organizations that exist within separate administrative and trust boundaries. ",
"We are excited to announce expansion of our blockchain support on Azure to be the first public cloud that enables multi-member consortium blockchain networks addressing enterprise scenarios that require a deployment of a private network across Azure regions, subscriptions, and Azure Active Directory (Azure AD) tenants.",
"\n\nAs we work with customers, we see scenarios divide into three common topologies:\n\n1. ",
"Single organization, multiple subscriptions: This is a common topology when divisions in an organization do not trust each other, for example when one division is auditing another division. ",
"Each division has its own footprint, but they are physically separated in different subscriptions across the same Azure AD tenant.",
"\n\n2. ",
"Multiple organizations, private: This is the true consortium scenario where each organization will have its own footprint and subscriptions, Azure AD tenants, and regions are all different. ",
"Given enterprise IT requirements, the services deployed must not be publicly accessible on the internet, even though communication will occur across organizations.",
"\n\n3. ",
"Multiple organizations, public-facing: Similar to the above topology, but in industries, enterprises, or scenarios where IT requirements allow or require the services deployed to be accessible to the public, over the internet. ",
"This simplifies the network connectivity requirements for the distributed system.",
"\n\nToday, we are releasing a set of solution templates in the Azure Marketplace that address the first two topologies configuring multi-region and multi-member Ethereum Consortium Blockchain Networks with a simple multi-step process through the Azure Portal or cmdline. ",
"The first template deploys and configures the footprint for the initial consortium member (or region), while the second template deploys, connects, and configures additional members (or regions) to form the overarching private network. ",
"If you are still experimenting, we suggest using the simpler single subscription deployment solution released in November.",
"\n\nThese solution templates are designed to make it easier and quicker to deploy and configure a multi-member consortium Ethereum network with minimal Azure and Ethereum knowledge. ",
"With a handful of user inputs and a single-click deployment, each member can provision their network footprint, using Microsoft Azure compute, networking, and storage services across the globe. ",
"Each member's network footprint consists of a set of load-balanced transaction nodes with which an application or user can interact to submit transactions, a set of mining nodes to record transactions, and a VPN gateway. ",
"A subsequent connection step connects the gateways to create a fully configured multi-member blockchain network.",
"\n\nA multi-member network architecture is illustrated below.",
"\n\nIt is important to note that to whom a member connects is not dictated by the template. ",
"The consortium should determine the network connectivity model, whether hub and spoke or mesh.",
"\n\nFor more information about the solution, you can visit our guided walkthrough.",
"\n\nAs with our first blockchain solution, rather than spending hours building out and configuring the infrastructure and networking across organizations, we have automated these time-consuming pieces to allow you to focus on building out the consortium and your production pilots.",
"\n\nLet us know if you have any questions, feedback, or additional requests once you try out these new blockchain solutions. ",
"We are excited to help you expand your blockchain deployments to true multi-party topologies."
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"1917 Washington State football team\n\nThe 1917 Washington State football team represented Washington State College in the 1917 college football season, its first in the Pacific Coast Conference.",
"\n\nWashington State defeated in-state rival Washington for the first time in a decade.",
"\n\nSchedule\n\nReferences\n\nWashington State\nCategory:Washington State Cougars football seasons\nCategory:Pac-12 Conference football champion seasons\nCategory:College football undefeated seasons\nWashington State Football"
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"/*\n * Copyright (c) 2000, Oracle and/or its affiliates. ",
"All rights reserved.",
"\n * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.",
"\n *\n * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it\n * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as\n * published by the Free Software Foundation.",
"\n *\n * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT\n * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or\n * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. ",
" See the GNU General Public License\n * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that\n * accompanied this code).",
"\n *\n * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version\n * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,\n * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.",
"\n *\n * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA\n * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any\n * questions.",
"\n *\n */\n\npackage sun.jvm.hotspot.runtime;\n\n/** This is only used internally to this package and its operating\n system- and CPU-specific subpackages to be able to instantiate the\n correct platform-specific implementation of JavaThread which\n handles the last Java frame pointer and other constructs\n properly. */",
"\n\nimport sun.jvm.hotspot.debugger.*;",
"\nimport sun.jvm.hotspot.types.*;",
"\n\npublic interface JavaThreadFactory {\n public JavaThread createJavaThreadWrapper(Address realThreadObjAddr, TypeDataBase db);\n}\n"
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"\" Author: Eric Van Dewoestine\n\"\n\" License: {{{\n\"\n\" Copyright (C) 2005 - 2014 Eric Van Dewoestine\n\"\n\" This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify\n\" it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by\n\" the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or\n\" (at your option) any later version.",
"\n\"\n\" This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,\n\" but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of\n\" MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. ",
" See the\n\" GNU General Public License for more details.",
"\n\"\n\" You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License\n\" along with this program. ",
" If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.",
"\n\"\n\" }}}\n\nruntime! ",
"ftplugin/xml.vim\nruntime! ",
"indent/xml.vim\nruntime eclim/ftplugin/java-xml.vim\n\nif !",
"exists(\"g:tlist_webxml_settings\")\n let g:tlist_webxml_settings = {\n \\ 'lang': 'webxml',\n \\ 'parse': 'eclim#taglisttoo#lang#webxml#ParseWebXml',\n \\ 'tags': {\n \\ 'p': 'context-param',\n \\ 'f': 'filter',\n \\ 'i': 'filter-mapping',\n \\ 'l': 'listener',\n \\ 's': 'servlet',\n \\ 'v': 'servlet-mapping'\n \\ }\n \\ }\nendif\n\n\" Autocmds {{{\n\nif g:EclimWebXmlValidate\n augroup eclim_webxml_validate\n autocmd! ",
"BufWritePost <buffer>\n autocmd BufWritePost <buffer> call eclim#lang#Validate('webxml', 1)\n augroup END\nendif\n\n\" disable plain xml validation.",
"\naugroup eclim_xml\n autocmd! ",
"BufWritePost <buffer>\naugroup END\n\n\" }}}\n\n\" Command Declarations {{{\n\ncommand! ",
"-nargs=0 -buffer Validate :call eclim#lang#Validate('webxml', 0)\n\n\" }}}\n\n\" vim:ft=vim:fdm=marker\n"
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[
"Case Study\n\nLast-minute changes to the scope loomed menacingly, but by hiring specialty coaches, enlisting additional expert resources and reducing unnecessary service dispatches, a major communications provider saved millions of dollars while observing a significant uptick in customer satisfaction.",
"\n\nNews\n\nIAOP® has named Alorica to its 2017 Global Outsourcing 100 list of the world’s best outsourcing service providers. ",
"The list includes companies from around the world that provide the full spectrum of outsourcing services.",
"\n\nAlorica expanding in El Paso\n\nAlorica is the fastest-growing customer service operation in the nation and the second largest in El Paso. “",
"Don’t call us a call center,” Alorica’s director of global public relations, Ken Muche, likes to say. “",
"The industry has moved away from the concept of call centers because we’re doing so many other things,” he told El Paso Inc. during a tour of one of its local facilities… Click here for the full article.",
"\n\nNews\n\nPublished on 25 August, 2016\n\nAlorica is the fastest-growing customer service operation in the nation and the second largest in El Paso. “",
"Don’t call us a call center,” Alorica’s director of global public relations, Ken Muche, likes to say. “",
"The industry has moved away from the concept of call centers because we’re doing so many other things,” he told El Paso Inc. during a tour of one of its local facilities… Click here for the full article.",
"\n\nWhile there’s no arguing that automation of low-skill tasks in contact centers is a trend that is gaining momentum and a strategy that’s important to explore. ",
"But, it’s also important to remember that your agents need to be on board with this strategy too."
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[
"---\nabstract: 'We investigate the acceleration source of the impulsive solar energetic particle (SEP) events on 2007 January 24. ",
"Combining the in-situ electron measurements and remote-sensing solar observations, as well as the calculated magnetic fields obtained from a potential-field source-surface (PFSS) model, we demonstrate that the jets associated with the hard X-ray (HXR) flares and type III radio bursts, rather than the slow partial coronal mass ejections (CMEs), are closely related to the production of interpanetary electron streams. ",
"The jets, originated from the well-connected active region (AR 10939) whose magnetic polarity structure favors the eruption, are observed to be forming in a coronal site, extending to a few solar radius, and having a good temporal correlation with the electron solar release. ",
"The open-field lines nearby to the jet site are rooted in negative polarities, along which energetic particles escape from the flaring AR to the near-Earth space, consistent with the in-situ electron pitch angle distribution (PAD). ",
"The analysis enable us to propose a coronal magnetic topology relating the impulsive SEP events to their solar source.'",
"\nauthor:\n- 'C. Li, S. A. Matthews, L. van Driel-Gesztelyi, J. Sun, and C. J. Owen'\ntitle: 'Coronal jets, magnetic topologies, and the production of interplanetary electron streams'\n---\n\nINTRODUCTION\n============\n\nA class of solar energetic particle (SEP) events, which are associated with “impulsive\" X-ray flares and type-III radio bursts, show distinct enhancement of $e/p$ ratio and in some cases high-Z elemental abundance (e.g., $^{3}$He and Fe). ",
"Such energetic electrons and heavy ions are believed to be originated from flaring active regions (ARs), separating from large coronal mass ejection (CME) and shock-related “gradual\" events [@rea99; @kal03; @mas07]. ",
"Apart from the irreducible requirement of a western hemisphere AR where magnetic and plasma processes preferentially energize and release particles [@mas09], we still do not clearly identify the solar source of the impulsive SEP events.",
"\n\nRecently, @wan06 and @nit08 proposed that jets seen in extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) and sometimes in white-light (WL) images are closely related to the $^{3}$He-rich SEP events. ",
"The jets may be explained as expanding loops reconnecting with large-scale unipolar magnetic fields [@shi94], which are open to interplanetary space for energetic particles to be observed at 1 AU. ",
"However, @kah01 and @pic06 found some unusual cases of $^{3}$He-rich SEP events are associated with narrow and fast CMEs, making the source identification more complex. ",
"A possibility is suggested that particles are accelerated close to the jets or plasmoids, which move upward from magnetic reconnection sites and might appear as faint and narrow CMEs in coronagraphs [@pic06]. ",
"These recent progresses in identifying the solar source still leave unsolved questions: Do the jets or CMEs in association with the impulsive SEP events play a critical role in particle acceleration [@mas09]? ",
"How does the magnetic topology in the source region relate solar activities to the in-situ SEP dynamics [@li10]? ",
"To answer the questions, careful comparison of in-situ particle measurements and remote-sensing solar observations, as well as the modeling of coronal magnetic fields should be carried out.",
"\n\nIn this study we present a cross-disciplinary investigation of the impulsive SEP events observed on 2007 January 24, by using energetic electron data to constrain the in-situ SEP dynamics (for instance, timing and distribution), which are much more accurate than with low-energy ion data, and the multi-wavelength imaging data to detect the details of the solar activities. ",
"We also apply the velocity map, magnetogram and the potential-field extrapolation to interpret the magnetic morphology in the source region. ",
"Our purpose is to clarify the links between jet eruption, coronal magnetic topology, and the production of interplanetary electron streams.",
"\n\nIN-SITU MEASUREMENTS\n====================\n\nTwo successive electron events were observed on 2007 January 24 by the WIND three-dimensional Plasma and Energetic Particles instrument [@lin95] and the Electron, Proton, and Alpha Monitor [@gol98] on board Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE), both are orbiting the Sun-Earth L1 liberation point. ",
"The WIND/3DP provides electron measurements with the electrostatic analyzers (EESAs) from $\\sim$ 0.5 to 28 keV, and with the solid-state telescopes (SSTs) from 27 to $\\sim$ 300 keV which suffered a data gap during the events. ",
"Compensating for the data gap, the ACE/EPAM measures electrons with the Composition Aperture (CA), whose look direction is oriented 60$^{\\circ}$ from the spacecraft spin axis and so is known as the CA60 telescope, in the energy range of 38 $-$ 315 keV.\n\nFigure 1 shows the electron intensity profiles observed from $\\sim$ 1 to $\\sim$ 300 keV by the WIND/3DP and ACE/EPAM instruments, respectively shown in Panel (a) and (b), together with the GOES soft X-ray (SXR) $1 - 8 \\ \\rm {\\AA}$ light curve shown in Panel (c). ",
"Two successive flux enhancements, marked as event 1 and event 2, were recorded. ",
"Both events show clear velocity dispersion (injection and peak times are later for lower energies), which are the typical identifications of their solar origin. ",
"They correspond to the impulsive B5.5 and B7.3 flares, respectively, which were erupted from AR 10939 in the west hemisphere. ",
"When the flares occurred, the position of this AR was roughly at S06W60 nearby to the footpoints of interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) lines connecting the Sun to the near-Earth space, facilitating energetic particles escape to the in-situ spacecraft. ",
"The larger B9.1 flare, even though accompanied by a relatively speaking fast (projection speed of 785 km/s) and wide (angular width of $147^{\\circ}$) CME, was produced by a eastern AR located at S04E110, too far from the well-connected region, therefore was not related to a SEP event.",
"\n\nSince there were severe data gaps of solar imaging observations in the time window of event 1. ",
"On the other hand, the two events show many similarities between them (see discussion in Section 5). ",
"Therefore, we mainly focus on the event 2 in the following study. ",
"To determine the solar release time, assuming electrons travel along the IMF lines at a speed of $\\upsilon(\\epsilon)$ in energy channel $\\epsilon$ with no scattering [@kru99], we apply a linear fit to $t_{sol}(\\epsilon)=t_{AU}(\\epsilon)-L/\\upsilon(\\epsilon)$, where $L$ is the IMF path length from the acceleration site on the Sun to the in-situ spacecraft, $t_{AU}(\\epsilon)$ and $t_{sol}(\\epsilon)$ are the rise time of electron flux at 1 AU and the release time at the Sun in energy channel $\\epsilon$, respectively. ",
"Then the extrapolated electron solar release time $t_{sol}$ ($\\epsilon\n\\rightarrow \\infty$) is 05:19 UT $\\pm$ 5 minutes, and the inferred IMF path length $L$ is 1.3 $\\pm$ 0.2 AU. ",
"To further confirm this evaluation, adapting the solar wind speed of $\\sim$ 380 km/s during this event, the IMF path length is calculated by solution of the IMF equation deduced from the solar wind model [@par58] to be $\\sim$ 1.19 AU. ",
"Taking $\\upsilon(\\epsilon)$ to be $\\sim$ 0.5$c$ in the ACE/EPAM energy channel $\\epsilon$ of 60 keV, this channel leads to a lower bound on the electron solar release time [@hag03]. ",
"This is reasonable since electrons actually undergo interplanetary scattering more or less, then the electron solar release time is derived to be $\\sim$ 05:20 UT. ",
"The results are consistent with the previous evaluation.",
"\n\nTo understand the anisotropy of the in-situ energetic electrons requires an examination of particles transport direction relative to the magnetic field. ",
"The Low Energy Foil Spectrometer oriented at 60$^{\\circ}$ to the spin axis (LEFS60) of the ACE/EPAM provides measurements of electron fluxes in 8 angular sectors, whose spatial orientations projected onto the unit sphere are shown in the left panel of Figure 2. ",
"The magnetic field vector at the peak time of electron fluxes around 05:55 UT is obtained from the ACE/MAG in a geocentric solar ecliptic (GSE) coordinate. ",
"Then the electron pitch-angle distribution (PAD) is derived and shown in the right panel of Figure 2. ",
"The letters correspond to the 8 angular sectors in the 42 $-$ 65 keV channel. ",
"The distribution is normalized and plotted against the pitch-cosine. ",
"Except for the uncertainty of sector c, we characterize the strong anisotropic electrons as beam-like when they are detected streaming mainly along the opposite direction of the IMF. ",
"Therefore, the in-situ energetic electrons are probably accelerated in a confined site on the Sun, e.g., flaring AR, rather than a wide-spread CME-driven shock, and the open-field lines streamed along by energetic electrons connect the spacecraft to the acceleration region in a negative polarity.",
"\n\nREMOTE-SENSING OBSERVATIONS\n===========================\n\nTo identify the solar source of the beam-like energetic electrons, we first study the full-disk 195 ${\\rm \\AA}$ images from the Extreme-Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope [@del95], as well as the WL observations from the Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph [@bru95] on board the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO). ",
"As shown in Figure 3, two western ARs were responsible for the noticeable coronal activities in the time window of the electron event: AR 10938, located at the far west limb, produced a faint CME with an angular width of $67^{\\circ}$ and a projection speed of 295 km/s. AR 10939, located at S06W63 and marked by the red box, produced an impulsive B7.3 flare and a jet which probably extended to a few solar radius observed by the LASCO C2 coronagraph and marked by the red arrow. ",
"By applying running difference to the C2 images, the WL jet signature propagates to southwest at an evaluated speed of $\\sim$ 190 km/s.\n\nTo further confirm the origin of the WL jet signature, EUV observations with high temporal cadence and spatial resolution are introduced. ",
"Figure 4 shows the development of a jet eruption from the AR 10939. ",
"In panel (a), the 171 ${\\rm \\AA}$ image at the peak time of the B7.3 flare is obtained from the Transition Region and Coronal Explorer [@han99]. ",
"To enhance the spatial structure, we apply a high-pass filter by subtracting a smoothed image from the original one. ",
"The hard X-ray (HXR) source is reconstructed by the Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager [@lin02] and co-aligned with the TRACE data. ",
"Red contour lines indicate the 25 $-$ 50 keV nonthermal bremsstrahlung source integrated from 05:16 to 05:17 UT. ",
"It is found the HXR source is located in a compact flaring region where the jet erupted nearby to the eastern large-scale loop structure. ",
"Panels (b) $-$ (d) consist of running-difference images illustrating the jet evolution. ",
"The EUV jet propagates to southwest at an evaluated speed of $\\sim$ 205 km/s during 05:16 to 05:25 UT. ",
"A simple estimation of the spatial and temporal correlation suggests that the WL jet signature is the counterpart of the EUV jet erupted from AR 10939. ",
"The velocity of the jet slightly decreased at $\\sim$ 3$R_{s}$.\n\nThe jet was also observed by the EUV Imaging Spectrometer [@cul07] onboard the $Hinode$ satellite. ",
"A raster scan using $1^{''}$ slit was performed with the EIS from 05:22 to 05:44 UT. ",
"The jet signature is seen in the 255.95 $-$ 256.64 $\\rm {\\AA}$ intensity map in the left panel of Figure 5. ",
"The waveband consists of the main emission line He II peaked at 256.32 $\\rm {\\AA}$ and a blended one Si X at 258.37 $\\rm {\\AA}$. We do a 2-component Gaussian fit and decompose it into two intensity maps, respectively shown in the right panel of Figure 5. ",
"The compact flaring region where the jet erupted is shown in both of the two intensity maps. ",
"However, the jet itself is only detected by the hot coronal line Si X rather than the cool line He II, suggesting the jet is actually formed in a coronal site.",
"\n\nThe compact flaring region where the jet erupted is further analyzed using the X-Ray Telescope [@gol07] onboard the $Hinode$ satellite. ",
"Figure 6 shows the XRT image in $\\rm Al_{-}poly$ filter whose temperature response peaks at 7 MK. ",
"It is, after co-alignment, overlaid with the magnetic field polarities obtained from the Michelson Doppler Imager [@sch95] onboard the SOHO. ",
"The compact flaring region then is identified as a loop-like and cusp structure straddled on the right inversion line. ",
"We also mark the footpoints of open-field lines calculated using the potential-field source-surface model [@sch03]. ",
"It is derived at 00:04 UT and rotated to 05:22 UT. ",
"The open-field lines are rooted in an area of negative polarity nearby to the jet site. ",
"Therefore the jet is probably produced by the reconnection between closed loops straddled on the middle inversion line and the western open-field lines.",
"\n\nRELATING TO THE SOLAR SOURCE\n============================\n\nBased on the above analysis, the jet activity is expected to be closely related to the in-situ energetic electrons. ",
"The magnetic configuration, on the other hand, plays a crucial role in triggering jet eruption and guiding energetic particles from the acceleration site to interplanetary space. ",
"As shown in Figure 6, the magnetogram in the vicinity of AR 10939 is quadrupolar and potentially favorable for jet formation. ",
"It is, however, not possible to simulate a precise coronal magnetic configuration at the solar limb since the projection effect. ",
"The EIS velocity map, from another perspective, gives us a clue to understand the magnetic topology. ",
"The redshifted downflows observed in AR corresponding to closed loops are well accepted. ",
"The blueshifted outflows, usually persist at the edges of ARs, are variously interpreted as magnetic funnels playing a role in coronal plasma circulation [@mar08], expansion of large-scale loops that lie over ARs [@har08], and reconnection along QSLs representing strong gradients of magnetic connectivity [@bak09].",
"\n\nIn Figure 7, the EIS Fe XII emission line velocity map is contoured with the co-aligned MDI magnetogram and sketched with a proposed coronal magnetic topology. ",
"Doppler velocities are determined by fitting a Gaussian function to the calibrated spectral profile. ",
"Blueshifts (redshifts) correspond to negative (positive) Doppler velocities in a range of -25 $-$ 25 km/s. Black contour lines indicate positive longitudinal magnetic field, and green negative. ",
"The strong blueshifted outflows might be explained by either of the mechanisms aforementioned. ",
"The redshifted area corresponds to closed loops of the AR 10939 marked by the red arcs. ",
"The jet is produced by the reconnection between closed loops and negative open-field lines predicted by the PFSS model and marked by the black solid lines, along which accelerated particles escape into interplanetary space be detected by near-Earth spacecraft. ",
"Note that the in-situ electron PAD (shown in Figure 2) is consistent with the negative polarities of open-field lines. ",
"A CME lifted off from the AR 10938 is marked by the black dashed lines, which might compress the open-field lines to facilitate reconnection with the closed loops and the jet eruption (see discussion in Section 5).",
"\n\nTiming information gives us another clue to relate to the solar source. ",
"Figure 8 shows the comparison of electron solar release, jet duration, and the multi-wavelength flare emission. ",
"The electrons are released at the Sun at 05:19 UT $\\pm$ 5 minutes (see Section 2) and marked by the orange bar. ",
"The EUV jet duration is lasting from 05:16 UT to 05:25 UT (see Section 3) and marked by the red bar. ",
"The temporal profiles are shown by GOES $1-8 \\ \\rm {\\AA}$ SXR, RHESSI 12 $-$ 50 keV HXR, and the RSTN/Learmonth 245 MHz radio emission, respectively. ",
"The WIND/WAVES radio dynamic spectra in the frequency range of 20 kHZ $-$ 14 MHz show clear type III bursts, which are generated by electron beams as they propagate along magnetic field lines from the solar corona to interplanetary medium. ",
"It is evident that the electron solar release has a good temporal correlation with the jet eruption, flare emission and the consequent type III radio bursts, suggesting a physical link of magnetic reconnection, jet production, energetic radiation, and the particle acceleration.",
"\n\nDISCUSSION AND SUMMARY\n======================\n\nTable 1 summaries the impulsive electron events and west hemisphere solar activities observed on 2007 January 24. ",
"The well-connected AR 10939 produced three jets identified in EUV images from the TRACE and STEREO/EUVI, respectively. ",
"The first jet erupted at $\\sim$ 00:35 UT was associated with a HXR flare detectable from the RHESSI and type III radio bursts from the WIND/WAVES. ",
"It is related to the electron event 1 whose solar release time is deduced at $\\sim$ 00:37 UT, and consistent with the jet eruption and flare emission. ",
"The second jet erupted at $\\sim$ 01:15 UT without HXR or radio signature. ",
"No corresponding electron flux enhancement was recorded by the in-situ spacecraft. ",
"The third jet and the closely related electron event 2 are afore comprehensively analyzed.",
"\n\nThe limb-side AR 10938 produced two CMEs (obtain from the LASCO CME catalog: $http://cdaw.gsfc.nasa.gov/CME_{-}list/index.html$). ",
"The first CME with an angular width of $67^{\\circ}$ and a projection speed of 295 km/s lifted off at $\\sim$ 05:13 UT, temporally close to the jet eruption at $\\sim$ 05:16 UT and the electron solar release at $\\sim$ 05:19 UT. ",
"We interpret that this CME might either facilitate the reconnection occurrence and jet eruption or further accelerate particles in a higher coronal site via 3D reconnection with the open fields. ",
"The second CME with a even larger angular width of $72^{\\circ}$ and a higher projection speed of 381 km/s lifted off at $\\sim$ 15:47 UT, however, was not temporally related to a SEP event. ",
"Furthermore, no type II radio bursts were recorded in the time window of the impulsive electron events. ",
"Therefore, the jets in association with HXR flares and type III radio bursts, rather than the slow partial CMEs, are the crucial contributors to the interplanetary electron streams.",
"\n\nWe combine a wide range of datasets, specifically in-situ electron measurements and remote-sensing solar observations, to investigate the acceleration source of the impulsive electron events. ",
"Data analysis show that: (1) The electron solar release has a good temporal correlation with the jet eruption and the multi-wavelength flare emission, namely SXR, HXR and type III radio burst. (",
"2) The jet is originated from a well-connected AR whose magnetic polarity structure favors the eruption, then formed in a coronal site, and extended to a few solar radius. (",
"3) The PFSS modeled open fields are rooted in negative polarities, along which energetic particles escape from the flaring AR to the near-Earth space, consistent with the in-situ electron PAD. ",
"The results convincingly confirm the viewpoint that the coronal jet is probably a key to understand the production of interplanetary electron streams. ",
"However, many impulsive SEP events are not associated with jets or even lacking of X-ray signatures [@nit08; @mas09]. ",
"Possibly the acceleration takes place in high corona via 3D reconnection or other energize processes.",
"\n\nTo be emphasized that the magnetic topology plays a crucial role in triggering jet eruption and guiding particles transport. ",
"Based on the velocity map, magnetogram and the potential-field extrapolation, we propose a coronal field configuration relating the impulsive SEP event to the solar source. ",
"Detailed reconstruction of magnetic fields, unavailable to the present study, should be further introduced to explore this topic.",
"\n\nWe are very grateful to the WIND/3DP/WAVES, ACE/EPAM/MAG, Hinode/EIS/XRT, SOHO/EIT/MDI/LASCO, STEREO/EUVI, RSTN/Learmonth, RHESSI, and TRACE teams for providing the data used in this study. ",
"This work was supported by the rolling grant from Science $\\&$ Technology Facilities Council (STFC) of the UK.",
"\n\nBaker, D., van Driel-Gesztelyi, Mandrini, C. H., Démoulin, P., & Murray, M. J. 2009, , 705, 926\n\nBrueckner, G. E., Howard, R. A., Koomen, M. J., et al. ",
"1995, Sol. ",
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"187, 229\n\nHarra, L. K., Sakao, T., Mandrini, C. H., Hara, H., Imada, S., Young, P. R., van Driel-Gesztelyi, L., & Baker, D. 2008, , 676, L147\n\nKahler, S. W., Reames, D. V., & Sheeley, N. R., Jr. 2001, , 562, 558\n\nKallenrode, M. -B. 2003, J. Phys. ",
"G: Nucl. ",
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"29, 965\n\nKrucker, S., Larson, D. E., Lin, R. P., & Thompson, B. J. 1999, , 519, 864\n\nLi, C., Owen, C. J., Matthews, S. A., Dai, Y., & Tang, Y. H. 2010, , 720, L36\n\nLin, R. P. 1995, Space Sci. ",
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"Rev., 130, 231\n\nMason, G. M., Nitta, N. V., Cohen, C. M. S., & Wiedenbeck, M. E. 2009, , 700, L56\n\nNitta, N. V., Mason, G. M., Wiedenbeck, M. E., Cohen, C. M. S., Krucker, S., Hannah, I. G., Shimojo, M., & Shibata, K. 2008, , 675, L125\n\nParker, E. N. 1958, , 128, 664\n\nPick, M., Mason, G. M., Wang, Y. -M., Tan, C., & Wang, L. 2006, , 648, 1247\n\nReames, D. V. 1999, Space Sci. ",
"Rev., 90, 413\n\nScherrer, P. H., Bogart, R. S., Bush, R. I., et al. ",
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"212, 165\n\nShibata, K., Nitta, N., Strong, K. T., Matsumoto, R., Yokoyama, T., Hirayama, T., Hudson, H., & Ogawara, Y. 1994, , 431, L51\n\nWang, Y. -M., Pick, M., & Mason, G. M. 2006, , 639, 495\n\n[ccccccccc]{}\n\n00:37 & & $00:35^{a}$ & Y & Y & & & &\\\n& & $01:15^{a}$ & N & N & & & &\\\n& & – & – & – & & 05:13 & 67 & 295\\\n05:19 & & $05:16^{b}$ & Y & Y & & & &\\\n& & – & – & – & & 15:47 & 72 & 381\\\n"
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"Puppet::Functions.create_function(:validate_slength) do\n dispatch :deprecation_gen do\n param 'Any', :scope\n repeated_param 'Any', :args\n end\n # Workaround PUP-4438 (fixed: https://github.com/puppetlabs/puppet/commit/e01c4dc924cd963ff6630008a5200fc6a2023b08#diff-c937cc584953271bb3d3b3c2cb141790R221) to support puppet < 4.1.0 and puppet < 3.8.1.",
"\n def call(scope, *args)\n manipulated_args = [scope] + args\n self.class.dispatcher.dispatch(self, scope, manipulated_args)\n end\n def deprecation_gen(scope, *args)\n call_function('deprecation', 'validate_slength', \"This method is deprecated, please use the stdlib validate_legacy function, with String[]. ",
"There is further documentation for validate_legacy function in the README.\")",
"\n scope.send(\"function_validate_slength\", args)\n end\nend\n"
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[
"Q:\n\nFood that does not spoil, lightweight, energetic and balanced\n\nAs I am preparing to get into sailing, the problem of having food with me that does not spoil, is lightweight, sufficiently energetic and well balanced becomes relevant for me. ",
"Personal satisfaction is of course also important. ",
"Water is available, but occasionally something without water may be called for.",
"\nIf you had to arrange food with these characteristics in mind, what would you pick ?",
"\n\nA:\n\nYou have asked a huge question; bigger than one can reasonable answer on a site like this.",
"\nI suggest you look into \"Crusing Guide\" type books. ",
" One such is Sail Away - I have no involvement with this book other than having met the authors; there are many others.",
"\nBooks like this will take sailing-specific exigencies into account such as limited water/power/etc. ",
"as well as accounting for storage issues.",
"\nSailing, like many other travel endeavours can vary widely between people as well. ",
" My version of spartan may well be your luxury. ",
" Power budgets lead to refrigeration issues, and the like.",
"\nGood luck and fair winds! ",
" (from a sailboat owner)\n\nA:\n\nMy neighbor when I was growing up used an edition of the Joy of Cooking from 1943 because many of the baked recipes where designed to be durable enough to send cookies and things to soldiers in Europe during WW2. ",
"It looks like Amazon has a couple copies available. ",
"\n\n"
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"Long-term androgen ablation and docetaxel up-regulate phosphorylated Akt in castration resistant prostate cancer.",
"\nThere are still few effective therapeutic options for advanced prostate cancer. ",
"One of the most troublesome aspects of prostate cancer is that androgen dependent prostate cancer inevitably progresses to highly aggressive, life threatening castration resistant prostate cancer after androgen ablation therapy. ",
"To our knowledge it remains unknown how sensitivity to docetaxel changes during progression to more aggressive castration resistant prostate cancer under androgen ablation. ",
"We investigated sensitivity to docetaxel and phosphorylated Akt status in C4-2 and C4-2AT6 cells established at our institution. ",
"C4-2AT6 cells established under androgen ablation conditions for 6 months showed significantly higher resistance to docetaxel than C4-2 cells in vivo and in vitro. ",
"Resistance was accompanied by increased phosphorylated Akt. ",
"In C4-2AT6 cells phosphorylated Akt activity was significantly up-regulated by docetaxel in a dose dependent manner. ",
"After treatment with docetaxel and a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt inhibitor the sensitivity of C4-2AT6 cells to docetaxel markedly increased through enhanced apoptotic death. ",
"Findings indicated that up-regulation of phosphorylated Akt during androgen ablation and its further activation by docetaxel explains at least in part the resistance to docetaxel and progression to castration resistant prostate cancer under androgen ablation conditions."
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"Video-assisted versus open anterior lumbar spine fusion surgery: a comparison of four techniques and complications in 135 patients.",
"\nA retrospective review involved 135 patients undergoing anterior interbody fusion using four different approaches: transperitoneal video-assisted surgery with insufflation, retroperitoneal endoscopic video-assisted surgery, minilaparotomy retroperitoneal surgery, and traditional oblique muscle-splinting retroperitoneal surgery. ",
"To describe and compare the operative procedure and perioperative complications of four different interbody fusion techniques. ",
"Although anterior lumbar interbody fusion surgery has a long history, several new and innovative approaches have been introduced recently. ",
"In contrast to the traditional oblique muscle-splitting retroperitoneal flank incision, the following have been used: a \"minilaparotomy\" open extraperitoneal approach through a small midline incision, a transperitoneal video-assisted insufflation technique, and a video-assisted gasless retroperitoneal endoscopic technique. ",
"A retrospective review was performed using the hospital records, operating room records, and clinic charts of 135 consecutive patients (50 men and 85 women) who underwent surgery between December 1993 and February 1998. ",
"Cases were included if either bone grafts alone or cylindrical cages with bone graft inside were used. ",
"Cases with anterior instrumentation using plates or rods were excluded. ",
"Diagnoses included degenerative disc disease, spondylolisthesis, or pseudarthrosis of a previous lumbosacral fusion. ",
"Patients with tumors or infection were excluded. ",
"The patients all were adults ranging in age from 17 to 83 years. ",
"Among the 135 patients, 12 had undergone previous anterior spine fusion surgery and 64 had undergone prior abdominal surgery. ",
"The onset of new radicular pain or numbness, not experienced by the patient before surgery, occurred in six patients (18%; all with transperitoneal video-assisted surgery using insufflation). ",
"Vascular problems occurred in five patients (3.7% overall): two in the transperitoneal video-assisted group (5.9% of the group) and three in the minilaparotomy group (8.7% of the group). ",
"Retrograde ejaculation occurred in 4 of the 50 male patients (8% of the group): three in the transperitoneal video-assisted group (25% of the group) and one in the minilaparotomy group (2% of the group). ",
"Two patients had ureteral injuries (1.5% overall): one each in the retroperitoneal endoscopic and minilaparotomy groups. ",
"Conversion to open procedures was performed in seven patients (11% of the video-assisted procedures). ",
"The reasons for conversion included two major vessel lacerations and five peritoneal tears in the retroperitoneal video-assisted group. ",
"A comparative analysis of four techniques for approaching the lower lumbar spine to perform arthrodesis in 135 patients showed an incidence of complications consistent with the literature for video-assisted techniques, but higher than for open techniques. ",
"For these and other reasons, the video-assisted approaches have been abandoned by the surgeons of this report."
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"MELANIE NUTTER\n\nPRINCIPAL\n\nMelanie Nutter is the Principal of Nutter Consulting that provides sustainability and smart cities strategy development and implementation for cities, foundations and companies. ",
"In July of 2010, Mayor Gavin Newsom appointed Melanie Nutter as the Director of the San Francisco Department of Environment. ",
"She continued to serve in that capacity for Mayor Edwin Lee through February 2014. ",
"Nutter led the Department, which helps all San Francisco residents and businesses take an active role in protecting the urban environment, conducts outreach and education on sustainable practices, and runs many innovative environmental programs including on zero waste, green building, climate and energy, toxics reduction and clean transportation.",
"\n\nDuring her tenure, San Francisco achieved an 80% waste diversion rate, reduced its carbon emissions to 14.5% below 1990 levels and was named the Greenest City in North America by Siemens and the Economist Intelligence Unit. ",
"Under Nutter’s leadership, the Department expanded its focus on community engagement, released an updated Climate Action Strategy, launched a citywide adaptation effort and started a biodiversity program. ",
"Nutter also championed smart city strategies to help the City meet its sustainability goals.",
"\n\nFrom 2005-2010, Nutter served as the Deputy District Director for the U.S. House of Representatives Speaker Nancy Pelosi, where she managed the Speaker’s district office by supervising staff, addressing constituent concerns, and advising on local policy issues. ",
"Nutter functioned as the district policy liaison to Speaker Pelosi’s DC policy advisors on issues including the environment, energy, transportation, environmental health, women’s issues, and food policy.",
"\n\nNutter founded and is Chair Emeritus for the Energy and Environment Circle for Full Circle Fund. ",
"Nutter also served on the Planning Committee for the Urban Sustainability Director’s Network (USDN) and Co-Chaired USDN’s Innovation Fund. ",
"She currently serves as a Board Member for Ecodistricts and serves as the Chair of their Fundraising and Development Committee. ",
"Another Board Member seat she currently holds is for the Urban Age Institute. ",
"She also currently serves on the Sustainability Subcommittee for the 2016 Superbowl. ",
"Nutter was appointed in 2014 to the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Smart and Sustainable Cities Network, working on international standards for smart cities.",
"\n\nNutter is a frequent speaker on urban sustainability and smart cities, having presented at TEDx, South by Southwest Eco, the Urban Environmental Accords Summit, GreenBiz’s VERGE conference, the Aspen Ideas Festival, and the Smart Cities World Congress, among other events. ",
"She most recently curated the Sustainability Track for the City Innovate Summit. ",
"She has also been featured as a contributor on CNN.com and the Today Show. ",
"Nutter holds a Bachelor’s of Science degree from Northwestern University in Communications and Environmental Studies. ",
"She lives in San Francisco with her husband and son.",
"\n\nKatherine Lee\n\nCONSULTING ASSOCIATE\n\nKatherine Lee is a Consulting Associate at Nutter Consulting. ",
"She recently graduated from UC Berkeley with simultaneous degrees in Environmental Sciences (B.S.) and Political Science (B.A.). ",
"In her time at Cal, she participated in undergraduate research and completed an independent honors thesis project on media discourse and displacement in Hurricane Irma. ",
"Outside of academics, she served as a student ambassador leader for the College of Natural Resources as the Program Director in charge of outreach to local high schools and campus tours. ",
"Katherine was also involved in Berkeley Model United Nations, a nonprofit organization that leads the oldest model United Nations conference. ",
"In her last year, she was appointed as the Research Director for the organization, and served as a chair of committees in years prior."
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"Universal School\n\nUniversal School is an Islamic, religious, K-12 private school, that is located in Bridgeview, Illinois, in the Chicago metropolitan area. ",
"Students take Islamic Studies, Arabic language, and Quran classes. ",
" The school motto is \"Where Islam and Education come together.\" ",
"\nUniversal School was officially founded in 1989, and opened on September 4, 1990 to 140 students and 11 faculty members.",
"\n\n the superintendent is a Syrian American man named Safaa Zarzour, who also served as the head of the Chicago office of the Council on American Islamic Relations (CAIR).",
"\n\nHistory\nImpetus to establish an Islamic school occurred after a wave of Arab immigration came in the 1970s and 1980s to the southwest Chicago suburbs; Palestinians were a large group within this wave. ",
"According to Craig N. Joseph and Barnaby Riedel, authors of \"Islamic Schools, Assimilation, and the Concept of Muslim American Character,\" \"Universal School owes its existence to\" the Muslim immigration wave and to the Bridgeview Mosque. ",
"Three doctors decided to establish an Islamic school. ",
"The Islamic Development Bank gave the founders of the school a loan to have the facility built, and Muslims around the U.S. gave their own donations to the founders. ",
"In 1988 groundbreaking occurred, and on September 4, 1990 the school opened its doors. ",
"The Illinois State Board of Education recognized the school in 1992.",
"\n\nIn its first school year the institution had 11 employees and 140 students. ",
" the school had 638 students. ",
"By 2008 there were over 50 employees and over 600 students.",
"\n\nCampus\nThe campus is adjacent to the Muslim American Society Chicago offices; the Aqsa School, another K-12 Islamic school, the Bridgeview Mosque, and a youth center. ",
"It is across the street from Mosque Foundation.",
"\n\nThe building, bad up of gray concrete uses mirror-tinted windows oriented in a lengthwise manner. ",
"It has 36 classrooms, including dedicated rooms for preschool and kindergarten-aged children. ",
"It also has a cafeteria and lunchroom located in the basement, as well as two laboratories, and a basketball court. ",
"Joseph and Riedel stated that the school building that the concrete and windows \"define\" the building, which is \"long, squat, and institutional in appearance.\" ",
"Due to the appearance and its perceived role in sheltering students from influences and anti-Islamic sentiment in the outside world, students gave the building \"the box\" as its nickname.",
"\n\nOperations\nIt is not affiliated with the Bridgeview Mosque, which is adjacent to the school. ",
"Marguerite Michaels of Time stated that \"The Universal School makes clear its independence from the[...]Bridgeview mosque.\" ",
"It is also not affiliated with Aqsa School.",
"\n\n the tuition for each student was $4,500 to $4,900.",
"\n\nStudents in grades Pre-Kindergarten through grade 5 attend coeducational classes, while for grades six through ten boys and girls are in separate classes. ",
"In grades 11 and 12 boys and girls sit separately but attend the same classes.",
"\n\nFemale students are required to wear hijabs in middle school and high school, while in lower levels doing so is optional. ",
"Male students may not have body piercings, and this ban extends to earrings.",
"\n\nCurriculum\nIn 2008 Barnaby B. Riedel, author of \"Universal Particularism: Making an Ethical Islamic School in Chicago,\" wrote that some Islamic teachers at Universal School desired more instruction dedicated to specific Islamic schools of thought, although the majority believed in using a more general approach to teach the religion.",
"\n\nExtracurricular activities\nThe athletic teams play in the Chicago Unity league. ",
"Among the sports offered are boys' basketball and volleyball. ",
"The school also offers basketball, wrestling, volleyball, soccer, and baseball.",
"\n\nAs of 2005 the school also has spelling bees, a science fair club, a mathematics league, and a student newspaper.",
"\n\nExternal links\nUniversal School - website\n\nReferences\n\nCategory:Private elementary schools in Illinois\nCategory:Private middle schools in Illinois\nCategory:Islam in Illinois\nCategory:Islamic schools in Illinois\nCategory:Private high schools in Cook County, Illinois\nCategory:Private high schools in Illinois"
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"Climacteric complaints in the community.",
"\nAt the onset of the climacteric, healthy middle-aged women present with a variety of complaints, especially in general practice. ",
"In these first years of entering the menopause, vaginal blood loss alters from irregular periods to complete amenorrhoea. ",
"According to these different menstrual patterns, we can distinguish a pre-, peri- and postmenopausal phase. ",
"It could be useful to know whether specific climacteric complaints are related to these different phases. ",
"The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between climacteric complaints and the menstrual pattern during the menopausal transition in a population-based cross-sectional survey of healthy middle-aged women. ",
"All women aged 47-54 years, living in the city of Eindhoven, were invited to participate in the Eindhoven Osteoporosis Study (EPOS); 6648 (78%) agreed to participate. ",
"All women completed a questionnaire concerning climacteric complaints. ",
"Climacteric status was defined by menstrual history. ",
"Odds ratios (ORs) were obtained for the relationship between climacteric status and climacteric complaints. ",
"Multiple logistic regression analysis was carried out, with climacteric status as the dependent variable. ",
"Of the 27 items in the questionnaire concerning climacteric complaints, seven were significantly different between all three climacteric phases (P: < 0.1). ",
"After multiple logistic regression analysis, comparing peri- and premenopause, only flushing (OR 5.9) was significantly different. ",
"Between post- and perimenopause, seven symptoms appeared to be different: three urogenital complaints [vaginal dryness (OR 1.6), vaginal discharge (OR 0.4) and pain during intercourse (OR 1.9)], three vasomotor symptoms [daytime sweating (OR 1.4), night-time sweating (OR 0.7) and flushing (OR 1.9)] and, finally, insomnia (OR 1.3). ",
"When comparing post- and premenopause, flushing (OR 13.4), insomnia (OR 2.1) and depressed mood (OR 0.6) were significantly different, in addition to three urogenital symptoms: vaginal dryness (OR 2.6), vaginal discharge (OR 0.3) and pain during intercourse (OR 2.1). ",
"The major findings of the study are that flushing is strongly associated with the transition from pre- to perimenopause, while urogenital complaints, daytime sweating and insomnia are more prominent in the transition from peri- to postmenopause."
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"Sequestration of adenosine in crude extract from mouse liver and other tissues.",
"\nAdenosine (1 microM) was incubated in the presence of dialyzed crude tissue extract from mouse liver and its degradation determined. ",
"At high concentration of tissue extract, a fraction of adenosine was not metabolized. ",
"This phenomenon, termed sequestration of adenosine, was shown to be affected in the same way by the same factors (pH, salt, reducing agent and adenine) as those affecting the protection of adenosine against deamination in the presence of the purified cyclic AMP-adenosine binding protein/S-adenosylhomocysteinase from mouse liver (Saebø, J. and Ueland, P.M. (1979) Biochim. ",
"Biophys. ",
"Acta 587, 333--340). ",
"These data point to a role of this protein in the sequestration of adenosine in crude extract. ",
"The sequestration potency in crude extract could be determined by diluting the extract in the presence of a constant amount of adenosine deaminase added to the tissue extract. ",
"Under these conditions there was linearity of adenosine not available for degradation versus the concentration of tissue extract, and a total recovery of the sequestration potency of purified binding protein added to the crude extract was observed. ",
"The tissue level of the cyclic AMP-adenosine binding protein/S-adenosylhomocysteinase in mouse liver was determined by two independent procedures based on the sequestration of adenosine and the hydrolysis of S-adenosylhomocysteine, respectively. ",
"The intracellular concentration was calculated to be 10 microM. The sequestration of adenosine in crude extract from mouse, rat, rabbit and bovine tissues was determined and showed requirements similar to those of the sequestration in mouse liver extract. ",
"The ability to sequester adenosine was high in liver and decreased in the following order: liver, kidney, adrenal cortex, brain, uterus, cardiac and skeletal muscle."
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"Q:\n\nProgram not waiting for Timer to finish before continuing its loop\n\nI have the following code that runs whenever you click the Start button on my program. ",
"I have denoted via comments where I want the timer to go, problem is, when I do thread.sleep(time) it freezes my program! ",
"So, I was wondering if someoen could just simply add atimer to my code so it runs the first bit, waits, then runs it again based on bumpNum.",
"\nCode:\npublic class startReplyButtonListener implements ActionListener{\n\n public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ev){\n\n int length = textAreaReplyMessage.getText().length();\n int remLen = 400 - length;\n\n String strHTML = neo.get(\"http://www.neopets.com/neoboards/topic.phtml?topic=\" + txtTopicID.getText());\n /*strHTML = neo.post(\"/neoboards/process_topic.phtml?\", ",
"new String[][] {{\"boardType\", \"topic_id\", \"board_id\", \"message\", \"next\", \"remLen\"}, {\"reply\", txtTopicID.getText(), \"4\", textAreaReplyMessage.getText() , \"1\", ((Integer)remLen).toString()}});\n\n if(strHTML.contains(\"No topic with ID\")){\n txtLog.append(\"Invalid Topic ID! ",
"\\n\");\n }\n else{\n txtLog.append(\"Bumped Topic ID \" + txtTopicID.getText() + \"\\n\");\n }\n */\n System.out.println(strHTML);\n bumpNum = 5;\n wait = Integer.parseInt(textWait1.getText()) * 1000; //converting to miliseconds\n\n int i=1;\n do{\n strHTML = neo.post(\"/neoboards/process_topic.phtml?\", ",
"new String[][] {{\"boardType\", \"topic_id\", \"board_id\", \"message\", \"next\", \"remLen\"}, {\"reply\", txtTopicID.getText(), \"4\", textAreaReplyMessage.getText() , \"1\", ((Integer)remLen).toString()}});\n\n txtLog.append(\"Board Bumped. ",
"Waiting \"+ ((Integer)(wait/1000)).toString() +\" Seconds...\" + \"\\n\");\n\n //ADD TIMER HERE\n i++;\n\n }while(i <= bumpNum);\n\n }\n\n }\n\nWhat I wish to accomplish:\nUser indicates how many times they want to \"post\"(indicated by bumpNum), the loop will first, post once:\nstrHTML = neo.post(\"/neoboards/process_topic.phtml?\", ",
"new String[][] {{\"boardType\", \"topic_id\", \"board_id\", \"message\", \"next\", \"remLen\"}, {\"reply\", txtTopicID.getText(), \"4\", textAreaReplyMessage.getText() , \"1\", ((Integer)remLen).toString()}});\n\nThen:\nBased on users input, it will wait for however many seconds(txtWait1) and THEN repeat the posting code above until it has reached bumpNum.",
"\nAnd it will update txtLog with the following EACH TIME it bumps(so the program cannot be frozen):\ntxtLog.append(\"Board Bumped. ",
"Waiting \"+ ((Integer)(wait/1000)).toString() +\" Seconds...\" + \"\\n\");\n\nA:\n\nEdit:\nSigh. ",
" Ok, now I understand. ",
" I don't know the answer. ",
" You are talking about drawing a GUI element. ",
" I suspect you want to fork a thread to do a job and then show the GUI display that you are waiting for it. ",
" You need to wait for the thread to finish (see my join code below) all of the time having the GUI element refresh UNTIL it finishes when you display some result.",
"\nThis depends more on the GUI code than sleep/timer. ",
" I would start a new question now and explain !!!",
"NOT WITH CODE!!! ",
"but with pseudo code from 1000 foot view what you want. ",
" Something like:\n\nI am trying to fork a thread that runs in the background in [Swing/Android/etc]. ",
" I want to display to the user that the thread has been forked, I want the user interface to wait for the thread without freezing, and then I want the user interface to join with the thread and display the results.",
"\n\nThink about the problem like we have to think of it. ",
" Anticipate questions that we will ask. ",
" Figure out what we don't and can't know about your environment.",
"\nBest of luck.",
"\nEdit:\nIf you are just trying to call sleep then you don't need to fork a thread for that. ",
" All you need to do in your code is:\n try {\n Thread.sleep(waitingTime);\n System.out.println(waitingTime);\n } catch (InterruptedException e) {\n Thread.currentThread().interrupt();\n e.printStackTrace();\n }\n\nThis will pause the current thread (which could be the main thread) for waitingTime milliseconds.",
"\n\nSo you are forking 3 threads very quickly which I guess you don't want to do. ",
" If you are trying to wait for each thread to finish then you will have to do something like:\n Thread thread = new Thread(new Counter(wait));\n thread.start();\n thread.join();\n\nCouple of other comments:\n\nIt is considered bad form to start a thread in the constructor of a class: new Thread(this).start();\nYou are creating 2 thread objects inside of your Runnable. ",
" You should just create one outside of your Runnable. ",
" See above.",
"\nThread myCounter = new Thread(this); << #1\npublic Counter(int waitingTime) {\n new Thread(this).start(); << #2\n}\n\nI would not initialize waitingTime = 0; when defined and initialize it in the constructor. ",
" This is confusing. ",
" Remove the = 0.",
"\n int waitingTime; << remove the =0 here\n public Counter(int waitingTime) {\n this.waitingTime = waitingTime;\n\nWhen you catch InterruptedException, be sure to handle it right. ",
" A good pattern is to reset the interrupt flag and/or quit the thread:\n} catch (InterruptedException e) {\n // resets the interrupt flag cleared by catching the exception\n Thread.currentThread.interrupt();\n // or stops the thread immediately\n return;\n}\n\n"
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"Lawrence's Overruled Knife Law Will Stay\n\nLAWRENCE, Kan. (AP)-- The Lawrence City Commission won't repeal an ordinance prohibiting the carrying of concealed knives, despite a new state law that overrides the ordinance next week.",
"\n\nCommissioners said Tuesday they could repeal the ordinance because they believe allowing concealed knives puts Lawrence citizens at risk.",
"\n\nThe vote was symbolic because a state law that takes effect July 1 supersedes local ordinance. ",
"That law allows concealed carry of knives.",
"\n\nThe Lawrence Journal-World reports the city's attorney recommended repealing the ordinance because the state law clearly removes authority from cities to regulate issues related to firearms and knives. ",
"But commissioners said they wanted to let the state know they disagreed with that law.",
"\n\nThe commission did approve an ordinance prohibiting other weapons such as bludgeons, sand clubs and metal knuckles.",
"\n\nOnline Public Information File\n\nViewers with disabilities can get assistance accessing this station's FCC Public Inspection File by contacting the station with the information listed below. ",
"Questions or concerns relating to the accessibility of the FCC's online public file system should be directed to the FCC at 888-225-5322, 888-835-5322 (TTY), or fccinfo@fcc.gov."
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"2015 UEFA European Under-21 Championship squads\n\nEach national team has to submit a squad of 23 players, three of whom must be goalkeepers. ",
"This must be done 10 days before the start of the tournament. ",
"If a player is injured or ill severely enough to prevent his participation in the tournament before his team's first match, he can be replaced by another player.",
"\n\nPlayers in boldface have been capped at full international level prior to the start of the tournament.",
"\n\nGroup A\n\nOn 25 May 2015, the Czech Republic named a 27-man provisional squad. ",
"On 7 June 2015, the final squad was announced.",
"\n\nHead coach: Jakub Dovalil\n\nOn 1 June 2015, Denmark named their squad. ",
"At the time, Jores Okore was in the selection, however Patrick Banggaard was named as a replacement, if Okore did not recover from his injury. ",
"The next day, Okore ruled himself out.",
"\n\nHead coach: Jess Thorup\n\nOn 26 May 2015, Germany named a 28-man provisional squad. ",
"The final squad was announced on 7 June 2015.",
"\n\nHead coach: Horst Hrubesch\n\nOn 29 May 2015, Serbia named their squad.",
"\n\nHead coach: Mladen Dodić\n\nGroup B\n\nOn 20 May 2015, England named a 27-man provisional squad. ",
"On 2 June 2015, they named their final squad. ",
"On 18 June 2015, Benik Afobe replaced injured Saido Berahino.",
"\n\nHead coach: Gareth Southgate\n\nOn 1 June 2015, Italy named a 27-man provisional squad. ",
"On 7 June 2015, they named their final squad.",
"\n\nHead coach: Luigi Di Biagio\n\nOn 1 June 2015, Portugal named a 25-man provisional squad.",
"\n\nHead coach: Rui Jorge\n\nOn 2 June 2015, Sweden named their squad. ",
"On 15 June 2015, defender Emil Krafth was ruled out of the tournament after a back injury, being replaced by the defender Victor Lindelöf.",
"\n\nHead coach: Håkan Ericson\n\nFootnotes\n\nReferences\n\nSquads\nCategory:UEFA European Under-21 Championship squads"
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"Q:\n\ndoes mongoose use multipe threads/processes/worker internally?",
"\n\nI was wondering, if mongoose uses its own processes/workers internally to handle multiple access to a MongoDB via one connection? ",
"\nI could not find any information.",
"\n\nA:\n\nYou can specify the pool size of the Mongoose connection using:\n var uri = 'mongodb://localhost/test';\n mongoose.createConnection(uri, { server: { poolSize: 4 }});\n\nRead 'Connection Pools' at http://mongoosejs.com/docs/connections.html\n\n"
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" United States Court of Appeals\n Fifth Circuit\n F I L E D\n IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS\n FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT November 9, 2005\n\n Charles R. Fulbruge III\n Clerk\n No. ",
"05-50013\n Summary Calendar\n\n\n\nUNITED STATES OF AMERICA,\n\n Plaintiff-Appellee,\n\nversus\n\nSTEPHANIE ABREGO,\n\n Defendant-Appellant.",
"\n\n --------------------\n Appeal from the United States District Court\n for the Western District of Texas\n USDC No. ",
"2:04-CR-450-1\n --------------------\n\nBefore DAVIS, SMITH, and DENNIS, Circuit Judges.",
"\n\nPER CURIAM:1\n\n Stephanie Abrego pleaded guilty to an indictment charging\n\nher with conspiracy to possess with intent to distribute more\n\nthan 50 kilograms of marijuana. ",
" Abrego was sentenced at the\n\nbottom of the guideline imprisonment range to a 33-month term of\n\nimprisonment and to a three-year period of supervised release.",
"\n\nShe was ordered to pay a $1,000 fine. ",
" Abrego gave timely notice\n\nof her appeal.",
"\n\n\n\n\n 1\n Pursuant to 5TH CIR. ",
"R. 47.5, the court has determined that\nthis opinion should not be published and is not precedent except\nunder the limited circumstances set forth in 5TH CIR. ",
"R. 47.5.4.",
"\n\f No. ",
"05-50013\n -2-\n\n Abrego contends that her sentence should be vacated because\n\nit was imposed pursuant to an unconstitutional mandatory\n\nguidelines system, contrary to United States v. Booker,\n\n125 S. Ct. ",
"738, 768–69 (2005), a so-called Fanfan error. ",
" See\n\nUnited States v. Martinez-Lugo, 411 F.3d 597, 600 (5th Cir.",
"\n\n2005), cert. ",
"denied, ___ S. Ct. ___ (",
"Oct. 11, 2005) (No. ",
"05-\n\n6242). ",
" This court’s review is for plain error. ",
" See id.; United\n\nStates v. Mares, 402 F.3d 511, 520–21 (5th Cir.), ",
"cert. ",
"denied,\n\n126 S. Ct. ",
"43 (2005).",
"\n\n Abrego cannot carry her burden of showing that the\n\nFanfan error affected her sentence. ",
" See Martinez-Lugo, 411 F.3d\n\nat 600. ",
" There is nothing in the record to suggest that the\n\ndistrict court felt constrained by the mandatory guidelines in\n\nimposing Abrego’s sentence. ",
" See Mares, 402 F.3d at 522; see also\n\nUnited States v. Bringier, 405 F.3d 310, 317 n.4 (5th Cir.)",
"\n\n(minimum guideline sentence, without more, insufficient to carry\n\nthird prong of plain-error test), cert. ",
"denied, 126 S. Ct. ",
"264\n\n(2005). ",
" The judgment is AFFIRMED.",
"\n\f"
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[
"Song of the South is an animated/live-action hybrid film from Walt Disney Pictures directed by Harve Foster and Wilfred Jackson which follows an innocent young boy from Atlanta named Johnny (Bobby Driscoll) who moves with his mother to his grandmother’s plantation where he learns a series of life lessons from Uncle Remus (James Baskett) in the form of stories about the animated Br’er Rabbit (voiced by Johnny Lee) and his quest to evade Br’er Fox (Baskett) and Br’er Bear (Nick Stewart). ",
"It’s the movie that made the song “Zip-a-Dee-Doo-Dah” famous. ",
"That all sounds fanciful enough, so why is this one of Disney’s most controversial movies of all time?",
"\n\nReleased in 1946, Song of the South hasn’t been shown by Disney in any format since it hit theaters again in 1986 for the movie’s 40th anniversary (and it certainly won’t be coming to Disney+), and that’s because it’s considered to be quite antiquated, careless in its depiction of history, and even (albeit unintentionally) racist. ",
"If you find yourself wanting to know as much as you can about Song of the South, the Hollywood history podcast You Must Remember This will be diving deep into this film and its legacy for their new season beginning this week.",
"\n\nIf you’ve never listened to the podcast You Must Remember This, you’re missing out on a treasure trove of Hollywood history from film scholar, critic and author Karina Longworth. ",
"The podcast explores some of the untold, secret or forgotten stories from the first century of Tinseltown, and the new season will focus on what is largely considered to be Disney’s most controversial movie of all time. ",
"Here’s their announcement on the new season, beginning October 22:"
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"DUSHANBE (Reuters) - China plans to finance and build several outposts and other facilities to beef up Tajikistan's defense capabilities along its border with Afghanistan, the Tajik government said on Monday.",
"\n\nThe increased activity of Afghan Taliban in the northern Kunduz province is another source of concern.",
"\n\nA large part of the main highway connecting Tajikistan's most populous regions to China lies along the same border and armed trespassers this year kidnapped several Tajiks doing maintenance works on that road.",
"\n\nIn a decree published on Monday, the government instructed the State National Security Committee to sign an agreement with the Chinese side which provides for the construction of eleven outposts of different sizes and a training center for border guards.",
"\n\nChina, which according to official statistics sells goods worth $2.5 billion a year to Tajikistan has already built one outpost on the Tajik-Afghan border, its first one, earlier this year.",
"\n\nRussia used to station its own border guards on the frontier until 2005, and after that kept a regiment in the Tajik city of Kulyab, 42 km (25 miles) from the Afghan border. ",
"But Moscow pulled the regiment out in December last year and moved it to the capital, Dushanbe, about 200 km further away."
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"The whole genome insight on condition-specific redox activity and arsenopyrite interaction promoting As-mobilization by strain Lysinibacillus sp. ",
"B2A1.",
"\nA gram-positive spore former, Lysinibacillus sp. ",
"B2A1 was isolated from a high arsenic containing groundwater of Beimen2A well, Chianan Plain area, Southwestern Taiwan. ",
"Noteworthy, in the subsurface-mimicking anoxic incubation with a Na-lactate amendment system, this isolate could interact with arsenic-source mineral arsenopyrite and enhance arsenic mobilization. ",
"Further, the isolate showed elevated levels of arsenic resistance, 200 mM and 7.5 mM for arsenate and arsenite, respectively. ",
"Lysinibacillus sp. ",
"B2A1 demonstrated condition-specific redox activities including salient oxic oxidation of arsenite and anoxic reduction of arsenate. ",
"The elevated rate of As(III) oxidation (Vmax = 0.13 μM min-1 per 106 cells, Km = 15.3 μM) under oxic conditions was potent. ",
"Correlating with stout persistence in an arsenic-rich niche, remarkably, the lesser toxic effects of arsenic ions on bacterial sporulation frequency and germination highlight this strain's ability to thrive under catastrophic conditions. ",
"Moreover, the whole genome analysis elucidated diverse metal redox/resistance genes that included a potential arsenite S-adenosylmethyltransferase capable of mitigating arsenite toxicity. ",
"Owing to its arsenic resistance, conditional redox activities and ability to interact with arsenic minerals leading to arsenic mobilization, the presence of such spore-forming strains could be a decisive indication towards arsenic mobilization in subsurface aquifers having a high concentration of soluble arsenic or its source minerals."
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"[Risk factors in cerebrovascular disease and their prognostic importance].",
"\nThe prevalence of cerebrovascular disease risk factors and their immediate mortality prognostic value together with the initial analytical parameters are evaluated. ",
"250 cases of cerebral infarction (CI), 150 cases of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and 60 cases of transitory ischemic events (TIE) were studied and compared to a control group. ",
"A higher prevalence of arterial hypertension, cardiopathy, previous cerebrovascular disease and elevated hematocrit was found in the CI group. ",
"In the TIE group there was an increased prevalence of cardiopathy, previous cerebrovascular disease and high hematocrit. ",
"In the ICH group an increased prevalence of hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy was found. ",
"We have to point out the importance of a global approach of the risk factors. ",
"The intrahospital mortality due to CI was associated with old age, low hematocrit, leukocytosis and high blood sugar at admission. ",
"ICH was associated with a higher systolic arterial pressure leukocytosis and elevated blood glucose at admission."
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[
"Комикс о пчелах и загадочном преступнике, книга про Ленинград до и во время войны, сложносоставленный роман о похожих людях в разных эпохах и белорусский магический реализм: в сегодняшнем выпуске рубрики «„Горький” в „Лабиринте”» мы рассказываем про книги, которые написали Тимоте де Фомбель, Вадим Шефнер, Александр Пелевин и Ольгерд Бахаревич.",
"\n\nТимоте де Фомбель. ",
"Грамерси-парк. ",
"М.: КомпасГид, 2019. ",
"Перевод с французского Михаила Хачатурова\n\nГлавная героиня Мадлен Уитмен устроила на крыше одного из нью-йоркских домов пчелиную ферму. ",
"То ли из праздного любопытства, то ли имея некий умысел, она наблюдает за окнами мистера Дэя, который живет прямо напротив. ",
"У него есть маленькая дочь, но почему-то нет жены; всех гостей он принимает дома, но по воскресеньям в одно и то же время куда-то уезжает. ",
"Мадлен не единственная, кто следит за мистером Дэем. ",
"Еще за ним пристально наблюдают полицейские, которые только и ждут удобного случая, чтобы его арестовать.",
"\n\nВ графическом романе преподавателя литературы, театрального драматурга и уже чуть ли не живого французского классика Тимоте де Фомбеля много всего непонятного. ",
"Оказывается, госпожа Уитмен — уроженка Франции, но тогда что она делает в США? ",
"Почему она вернулась к разведению пчел, которому ее научил дедушка, а не преподает танцы — ведь когда-то она успешно занималась балетом? ",
"И, наконец, как она связана с мистером Дэем: она просто так наблюдает за ним или ищет с ним встречи? ",
"По ходу действия книги вопросов становится только больше, и ответы на них появляются только на паре последних страниц.",
"\n\n«Грамерси-парк» — нуар-детектив (действие происходит в период с 1949 по 1954 год), который, несмотря на небольшой объем, рассказывает сразу про два города, Париж и Нью-Йорк, и вмещает немало персонажей, как главных, так и второстепенных. ",
"Охранник мистера Дэя, который постоянно расставляет ноги и мешает прохожим; следователь полиции, который боится пчел; супруг Мадлен, который никак не может оправиться от послевоенного синдрома. ",
"Особое внимание здесь уделено облику эпохи, которую передают цветовая гамма комикса и мастерски нарисованные художником детали.",
"\n\nКупить на Лабиринт.ру\n\nВадим Шефнер. ",
"Сестра печали. ",
"М.: Речь, 2019\n\nВадим Шефнер (1915–2002) — прозаик и поэт, который считал одним из самых значимых своих произведений повесть о военном времени в Ленинграде «Сестра печали». ",
"Шефнер писал не только о войне. ",
"По роду занятий он кем только не был: успел поработать и кочегаром на заводе, и строителем, и учителем физкультуры. ",
"Параллельно писал стихи, которые публиковал в рабочей прессе. ",
"На фронт его не взяли из-за проблем со зрением, но он стал работать военным журналистом. ",
"Одной из особенностей таланта Шефнера стало то, что «своим» его теперь считают и поэты, и писатели-фантасты. ",
"Он утверждал даже, что фантастика и поэзия по своей природе гораздо ближе, чем кажется; за фантастические тексты уже на закате жизни он получил несколько премий, включая «Золотую улитку» и «Аэлиту». ",
"Его книги очень ценил Борис Стругацкий.",
"\n\n«Сестра печали» — повесть о том, как Ленинград сначала готовится к возможной войне (в серьезность войны, а тем более с фашистской Германией, никто не верит), затем погружается в шок от того, что она все-таки началась, и в итоге оказывается в блокаде. ",
"Первая половина повести — историческое свидетельство довоенной, еще спокойной жизни в коммуналках и в скверах, а вторая — рассказ о выживании людей в боях и во время блокады.",
"\n\nГерои здесь вымышленные, но их судьбы автор прожил сам. ",
"Например, главный герой Толя — детдомовец: Шефнер тоже некоторое время жил в детдоме, в том самом, где работала его мать. ",
"Толя гуляет по Васильевскому острову: так Шефнер, который был настоящим певцом Васильевского района, знакомит нас с любимыми пивными и устройством своего общежития, куда селят уже повзрослевших детдомовцев, делится переживаниями по поводу советско-финской войны, где воюют его друзья. ",
"В 1941 году году начинается Великая Отечественная — и Толю мобилизуют. ",
"Это круто меняет его жизнь, которая теперь происходит в окопах, среди солдат и сержантов. ",
"Толино взросление проходит на фоне главных событий XX века.",
"\n\nКупить на Лабиринт.ру\n\nАлександр Пелевин. ",
"Четверо. ",
"М.: Пятый Рим, 2018\n\n«Четверо» — хитроумная головоломка, в которой читатель должен связать три параллельно развивающиеся истории, которые разнятся и по сюжету, и по описываемому времени, и по жанру. ",
"В первой — космонавты двадцать второго века летят на невообразимо далекую планету, такую далекую, что за время полета все их родственники, скорее всего, уже умерли. ",
"Во второй — следователь из Ленинграда в 1938 году прибывает в Крым, чтобы разобраться с чрезвычайно запутанным делом: кровожадный убийца вскрывает жертвам тела и оставляет в них особые метки. ",
"В третьей — психиатр из нашего времени встречает «трудного пациента», который уверяет всех, что общается с инопланетянами. ",
"Здесь везде вроде бы разная жанровая специфика: первая история представляет собой добротный образец научной фантастики, вторая — чистый детектив, ну а в третьей разворачивается сугубо реалистический сюжет с главным героем, которого мы видим на работе и дома.",
"\n\nОднако все истории только на первый взгляд такие разные. ",
"В каждой из них есть элементы детектива, фантастики и — это одновременно и детектив, и фантастика, и везде имеются хорошо прописанные реалистические бытовые сценки. ",
"Более того, связь между историями проявляется задолго до концовки: автор рассыпал то тут, то там множество ненавязчивых намеков, которые лишь заинтриговывают еще больше. ",
"У героев совпадают фамилии, они попадают в одни и те же жизненные ситуации. ",
"Еще один слой в странной задачке — визуальные или смысловые отсылки к другим популярным образцам жанра: этих героев мы как будто уже где-то видели, то ли в сериале на Первом канале, то ли где-то у Кубрика.",
"\n\nОбилие и неоднозначность подсказок, как ни странно, работают только на пользу текста. ",
"Можно предположить, что, если спросить самого автора, в чем же здесь дело, он тоже не сразу ответит.",
"\n\nКупить на Лабиринт.ру\n\nОльгерд Бахаревич. ",
"Собаки Европы. ",
"М.: Время, 2019\n\n«Собаки Европы» — еще один составной роман: правда, уже не из главок, а из целых повестей, каждая из которых может существовать и в отрыве от остальных. ",
"Например, в первой из них четверо незнакомцев начинают общаться на почве интереса к искусственному языку (в конце книги можно даже найти словарик и свод правил). ",
"Во второй описывается середина XXI века, в котором Беларусь, похоже, официально вошла в состав России, а все населенные пункты стали режимными объектами, откуда невозможно сбежать. ",
"Третья рассказывает о шептунье Бенигне, живущей отшельницей в лесу и принимающей людей, которые ищут ее помощи. ",
"Всего здесь шесть текстов, написанных, что называется, на стыке жанров: альтернативная история приправлена магическим реализмом, а в реалистических сюжетах проскальзывают элементы сказки.",
"\n\nПри этом Бахаревич пишет ни много ни мало роман о настоящем и будущем своей родины, вдохновляясь и народным фольклором, и нынешней политической ситуацией. ",
"Это не антиуопия, а глубокое исследование настроений народа, который предпочитает не ввязываться в конфликты и уходит куда-то внутрь себя.",
"\n\nСвоеобразное место в этом будущем (как и в настоящем) занимает Россия. ",
"Как и в случае с Украиной, отношения двух стран зацикливаются на языке — и, наверное, поэтому мотив создания нового, несуществующего языка становится здесь одним из основных. ",
"Самая прямолинейная (но и лучшая, пожалуй) повесть — «Гуси, люди, лебеди», где младшие школьники в будущем уже даже не знают о существовании когда-то отдельного белорусского государства. ",
"Да, получилось очень громко — но без толики пафоса. ",
"Кажется, это вообще один из первых текстов на русском языке о современных взаимоотношениях двух народов. ",
"Кстати, для русскоязычного читателя роман не переводился, а был написан автором заново.",
"\n\nКупить на Лабиринт.ру"
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"When we order pizza we like it with a side of chips, maybe some onion rings and a bottle of lemonade.",
"\n\nBut in Liverpool, it looks like they offer far more.",
"\n\nA customer got the note above offering a host of drugs offering a round-the-clock service.",
"\n\nThey contacted police who have been looking into the note while the delivery driver has been suspended.",
"\n\nOne of the people who wrote to the Liverpool Echo about the incident said that he had been offered viagra with his Indian takeaway.",
"\n\nThe note was hidden in their pizza box (Picture: Liverpool Echo)\n\nAnother comlpained that you ‘wouldn’t get that from your local chippy’\n\nA police spokesman said: ‘Merseyside Police is investigating an incident of suspicious circumstances at an address in Liverpool City Centre on Friday, 10 February.",
"\n\n‘At around 9.40pm, a report was received of a pizza delivery driver attending at a premises in Seymour Street. ",
"Food was delivered and a note was allegedly left offering drugs for sale, including phone numbers.’",
"\n\nDomino’s spokesman Nina Arnott said: ‘We have suspended the individual in question whilst we investigate this issue in conjunction with Merseyside Police.’"
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"Q:\n\nCannot display sigma char in c#\n\nI'm trying to display the sigma char within my application. ",
"I've debuged down to this :\nusing System;\nclass Program{\n static void Main(){\n\n Console.",
"Write(\"This is Omega: {0}. ",
" And this is Sigma: {1} \",\n \"\\u03A9\", \"\\u03A3\"); \n Console.",
"ReadLine();\n\n }//end Main\n}//end class Program\n\nUnfortunately, it displays on my console the following text : \n'This is Omega: O. And this is Sigma: S'\n\nI know this is related to encoding but I can't manage to find a way to make it work... \nEdit : Thread.",
"CurrentThread.",
"CurrentCulture.",
"ToString() = fr-CH\n\nA:\n\nYou need to specify the console's output encoding. ",
"Add this:\nConsole.",
"OutputEncoding = System.",
"Text.",
"Encoding.",
"Unicode;\n\nbefore you attempt to output. ",
"And of course you must be using a console font that has glyphs for those characters. ",
"My system is configured to use Consolas, and with the OutputEncoding specified as above the output is like so:\n\n"
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"Hiper Type M 730W Low Noise PSU review\n\nWhen it comes to power supply, who needs bells and whistles?",
"\n\nJump to Section:\n\nOur Verdict\n\nThis basic package means you get high wattage at a very competitive price\n\nFor\n\nPowerful PSU\n\nMultiple hard drives no problem\n\nCompetitive price\n\nAgainst\n\nLacks modular interface\n\nUnlike some of the other PSUs from Hiper, this lacks modular connectors and does not come packaged with unnecessary frivolities such as plastic tool cases. ",
"The package does, however, have all the required splitter leads for SATA support and four PCI Express connectors attached to the unit and another four Molex rails dishing out power.",
"\n\nAside from those features, this is a standard but powerful PSU without the shiny exteriors, LED fans and flashing lights of other models. ",
"It has the only two things you need: wattage and connectors. ",
"Hook up an SLI setup and it won't complain, it is un-phased by Kentsfield and multiple hard drives will not cause a problem.",
"\n\nBy only supplying what your PC really needs, costs are kept down and the 730W Type M offers high wattage at a very competitive price. ",
"The lack of a modular interface means you may end up with a few redundant cables lying around, but these are shielded in metal brading and are less obtrusive than it might appear."
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"1. ",
"Field of the Invention\nThe present invention relates to a liquid crystal display (LCD), and more particularly, to a thin film transistor (TFT) for an LCD (TFT-LCD) and a method for manufacturing the same.",
"\n2. ",
"Discussion of the Related Art\nIn an LCD of an active matrix using a TFT, each pixel, the unit of array, has a TFT and a pixel electrode. ",
"FIG. ",
"1 shows a conventional pixel structure of an inverted-staggered TFT in which a pixel electrode and a drain electrode of a TFT are made of a same transparent conductive material In order to form such a structure, a gate electrode 11 is formed on a glass substrate 10, and a gate insulating layer 12 is formed thereon. ",
"Then, intrinsic amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) and doped amorphous silicon (n.sup.+ -a-Si:H) are formed sequentially and patterned to form an active layer 13 and an ohmic contact layer 14. ",
"A transparent conductive material is deposited on the overall surface of the substrate and patterned to form an integrally formed drain/pixel electrode 15. ",
"Subsequently, metal (Al) is deposited on the overall surface of the substrate and patterned to form a source electrode 16.",
"\nThe portion of the ohmic contact layer 14 at the channel region is etched using the source/drain electrode as a mask. ",
"A surface passivation layer 17 is deposited on the overall surface of the substrate so that an inverted-staggered TFT is made. ",
"In this structure, the gate electrode 11 is placed over the glass substrate 10, the gate insulating layer 12 is placed over the gate electrode 11, the active layer 13 is formed over the gate insulating layer 12, arid the ohmic contact layer 14 is on both sides of active layer 13 excluding the channel region. ",
"An integrally formed drain/pixel electrode 15 (ITO) is formed on one side of the ohmic contact layer 14 and the gate insulating layer 12. ",
"The source electrode 16 is located on the other side of the ohmic contact layer 14. ",
"A surface passivation layer 17 is formed on the overall surface of the substrate.",
"\nFIG. ",
"2 shows a pixel structure of a TFT-LCD having a self-aligned top gate, in which an active region 21 is formed of intrinsic polysilicon over glass substrate 20, and a gate insulating layer 23 is formed on the overall surface of the substrate including the active region 21. ",
"Then, a gate electrode 24 is formed on the gate insulating layer 23 over the active region 21. ",
"Ion implantation is performed using gate electrode 24 as a mask to form source and drain regions (S/D). ",
"An insulating material is formed on the overall surface of the substrate to form an interlevel insulating layer 25, and contact holes are formed in the interlevel insulating layer 25 and the gate insulating layer 23 at the source and drain regions (S/D).",
"\nA transparent conductive material is deposited in the contact hole and on the interlevel insulating layer 25, and patterned to integrally form drain/pixel electrode 26. ",
"Then, metal is deposited on the overall surface of the substrate and patterned to form a source electrode 27. ",
"A surface passivation layer 28 is formed on the overall surface of the substrate. ",
"The integrally formed drain/pixel electrode 26 is connected to drain region D via the contact hole formed thereon. ",
"The source electrode 27 is connected to source region S via the contact hole formed thereon.",
"\nIn the pixel structures shown in FIGS. ",
"1 and 2, the drain and pixel electrodes are formed of a single transparent conductive material, thereby simplifying the process. ",
"However, the source electrode (signal wire) is formed after the integrally formed drain/pixel electrode is formed. ",
"Here, metal (Al) is deposited on the overall surface of the substrate and patterned. ",
"Thus, the integrally formed drain/pixel electrode is easily damaged during the etching process of the metal. ",
"In particular, this damage is caused by a galvanic effect during wet etching and by plasma damage during dry etching. ",
"This results in poor device characteristic and unsatisfactory yield."
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"From the archive, 8 December 1988: Gorbachev puts paid to Europe's fears\n\nAs the Soviet leader once again seized the initiative on the world stage yesterday, you could almost feel the earth shifting inside the UN building\n\nMikhail Gorbachev and Ronald Reagan take a stroll. ",
"In a speech to the UN in 1988, Gorbachev called for new world politics and an end to the cold war. ",
"Photograph: Diana Walker/Time & Life Pictures/Getty Image\n\nThis is not just the end of the Cold War. ",
"Mikhail Gorbachev sought yesterday to announce the birth of 'a new world order through a universal human consensus.' ",
"And the midwife of this new world is his promise to end the age-old European nightmare of invasion from the East.",
"\n\nThe Russian steamroller has loomed over Europe since it first invaded, on the heels of Napoleon's retreat from Moscow in 1812. ",
"And as the Soviet leader once again seized the initiative on the world stage yesterday, you could almost feel the earth shifting inside the UN building.",
"\n\nThe superpower confrontation across the Iron Curtain that has locked the developed world into two overarmed alliances has lasted since Gorbachev was a teenager. ",
"More than two-thirds of the earth's population have known no other world.",
"\n\nAs that era withers, a new and more complicated world awaits us. ",
"The old and comforting simplicities to which the Reagans and Thatcher clung for so long, the Hollywood categories of good guys against bad guys, of evil empires and gulags, are giving way to something more complex and more subtle.",
"\n\nThe first cries of that new world will be heard this week, as Nato looks at its plans to modernise short-range nuclear weapons in the light of the Gorbachev troop cuts. ",
"Dismantling six of the 15 forward-based tank divisions in eastern Europe, or 40 per cent of the punch potential for a Soviet invasion of Nato, may not bring about military parity on the central front. ",
"But it should remove Nato's worst-case scenario of a surprise attack from a standing start. ",
"By promising to reduce Soviet forces in the European USSR and eastern Europe, [Gorbachev] removes many of the reserves any Soviet attack on Nato would need. ",
"And on Mr Gorbachev's other tense frontier, the bamboo curtain with China, he also promised to 'reduce significantly' the troops stationed in Asia.",
"\n\nThe small print remains to be studied. ",
"The head count of soldiers and tanks going back to inland barracks and storage depots, or being demobilised and their weapons scrapped, has yet to be checked and double-checked by spy satellites and observers on the ground. ",
"But Gorbachev's promise was clear: 'We are witnessing the emergence of a new historic reality – a turning away from the principle of superarmament to the principle of reasonable defence sufficiency,' he announced.",
"\n\nBut before declaring that peace has broken out, it is worth noting what Mr Gorbachev did not say yesterday. ",
"He did not announce the demolition of the Berlin Wall, the ugliest symbol of the confrontation he seeks to ease. ",
"And there was no suggestion of an end to the military conscription that keeps the Soviet military far bigger than the all-volunteer American forces. ",
"Understandably, there was no reference to the political arguments between civilians and generals that must issue from Mr Gorbachev's speech. ",
"The grand vision of a new global order has been unfurled by Mikhail Gorbachev. ",
"Now the nitpicking begins as the old world piles up its objections."
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[
"Recent Doctor Who videogame adaptations have been pretty poor to say the least. ",
"The free adventure games weren’t bad, but were fairly insipid affairs. ",
"However this new game designed by Supermassive Games, developers of PlayStation Move title Start the Party – Save the World! ",
"and several of the LittleBigPlanet 2 level kits, is available on PSN for the princely sum of £12.99. ",
"So is this new game worth the entry fee, and more importantly is it finally a decent Doctor Who game that does both the character and long running sci-fi series justice?",
"\n\nThe thing with Doctor Who is that the titular character is a pacifist who steers clear of violence, so creating a game that appeals to the modern, shooter-centric gamer is a tough thing to do. ",
"The adventure game series got around this fact by using stealth as the main gameplay mechanic. ",
"This is once again prevalent in this new game, which is more akin to a 2D platformer, with puzzles breaking up the platforming antics. ",
"The Eternity Clock sees the Doctor team up with recent on/off companion River Song, and involves a plot that sees our duo traverse time and space in search of pieces of the aforementioned Eternity Clock, as a time storm engulfs the Earth.",
"\n\nThe Doctor’s in trouble once again!",
"\n\nThe game is set in London during three time periods; the sixteenth century, present-day, and a bleak future London, where the Daleks have taken over the Earth. ",
"The visuals are slightly cartoonish but are perfectly okay, and recreate the TV series fairly well – although the animation of the characters is slightly wooden. ",
"The Eternity Clock includes a broad selection of Doctor Who villains, with the Cybermen, Silurians, The Silence, and of course arch-enemies the Daleks all featuring. ",
"The main characters are voiced by both the current 11th Doctor, Matt Smith, and River Song herself, Alex Kingston. ",
"The script is well written, with some nice witty rapport between the two characters. ",
"Unfortunately the gameplay doesn’t live up to the writing, which is a pretty shallow platformer, where the Doctor gets to solve puzzles, and unlock doors with a simple Sonic Screwdriver minigame that involves matching up wavelengths. ",
"Initially this mechanic works well, but it quickly becomes very repetitive as it is used countless times throughout the 8-10 hour play time. ",
"The selection of puzzles that the Doctor has to solve are also overused, and in some levels you are forced to crack the same disc rotating or circuit re-routing puzzles five or more times in a row. ",
"The game tries to add some variety by swapping characters to River Song, who uses her hallucinogenic lipstick to bewitch enemies with a sneaky snog, and her Sonic Blaster to shoot anyone who stands in her way, perhaps to cater for gun-hungry gamers.",
"\n\nSome sections are infuriating, and should have been ‘deleted’!",
"\n\nThe game is also quite glitchy, with the Doctor sometimes trying to climb up a ladder sideways, and the A.I. of River Song leaves a lot to be desired. ",
"She regularly disappears as you traverse through the levels, which means you need to backtrack through the stage to see where she got stuck, and sometimes you even have to replay the whole level again if she doesn’t respond, which does test your patience. ",
"An early encounter with the Cybermen, where you need to wait ages while they slowly make their way up a set of stairs to get them to smash through a window that is blocking your way to a computer terminal, is particularly frustrating – because if you don’t hack the terminal quickly enough the Cybermen will take you down, forcing you to wait again while they lumber back up the stairs. ",
"Another level featuring the Dalek Emperor is also very unforgiving. ",
"The problem is the lock-on for River’s blaster, which is a hit or a miss, and if it doesn’t work then you will end up taking hits which take a huge chunk of your health. ",
"If this happens a couple of times you are in trouble, and if you die, you need to complete a large section of the level again, thanks to some poorly thought out checkpoints, which is infuriating; especially as you also have to complete the same selection of puzzles.",
"\n\nThe stealth sections involve ducking until the enemy moves away.",
"\n\nTo add replayability to the game, there are collectables to find, which are dotted throughout the levels. ",
"These consist of the pages of River’s spoiler-filled diary, which you can read through if you want some extra back story to the tale. ",
"You also get to hunt after the Doctor’s hat collection, because Fezes and Cowboy hats are cool! ",
"Although unfortunately you don’t get to wear any of the hats you collect. ",
"There is also a co-op mode which helps get round the game’s dodgy A.I. Here the Doctor and River perform different tasks in different time periods using a split screen, with for instance the Doctor leaving his Sonic Screwdriver for River to find in the future level. ",
"We did feel that the developers missed a trick here, as the tasks are all simple affairs, when they could have been a lot more creative with them, with the past being altered to make a significant difference to the future; a bit of timey-wimey tampering shall we say.",
"\n\nDoctor Who: The Eternity Clock is another missed opportunity to capitalise on the Doctor’s rich universe, and we can’t help but think that the series would lend itself better to a Telltale Games style of adventure, much like Sam and Max, rather than this simplistic platformer. ",
"With its frustrating gameplay and dodgy A.I. we can’t recommend The Eternity Clock unless you are an ardent fan of the series, but even then you may find it leaves a taste that resembles fish fingers and custard in your mouth! ",
"We can only hope that the developers rectify their mistakes in the sequel, and we finally get to play a Doctor Who game that the character and fans richly deserve.",
"\n\nWritten by Kevin M\n\nI've been addicted to gaming since my parents bought an Atari console way back in the 70's. ",
"I progressed to the iconic Speccy, Amiga, and all the Playstation platforms. ",
"Having seen games evolve from single pixel bat and ball, to HD constructed environments, gaming has changed much from my early years. ",
"Having defeated the rock hard R-Type on the Speccy, the biggest challenge I've faced so far is putting up with the hordes of American teens spouting abuse in the current generation of consoles, noob indeed!"
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"Thousands of children and families with type 1 diabetes to receive access to CGM technology\n\nThe Federal Government has announced its $54 million Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) subsidy initiative as a life-changer for thousands of Australian children, young people and families living with type 1 diabetes.",
"\n\nThe CGM subsidy initiative is a significant investment in type 1 diabetes technology and will benefit around 4,000 Australian families with a child or young person living with type 1 diabetes.",
"\n\nContinuous glucose monitors are small wearable devices that can sound alarms and send warnings if glucose levels are getting too low or too high. ",
"The devices reduce the number of daily finger prick checks. ",
"They can often be used in conjunction with an insulin pump, which routinely delivers insulin.",
"\n\nCGMs can prevent or reduce the risk of hypoglycaemia (low blood sugar) and reduces the risk of diabetes-related complications.",
"\n\nDiabetes Australia will continue to advocate for expansion of CGM access to all ages and further funding to ensure access to this technology is available for those in need.",
"\n\nTo access the eligibility form , which includes the full list of eligibility criteria, visit www.ndss.com.au/cgm\n\nDefinitioner\n\nType 1 diabetes\n\nAlso known as insulin dependent diabetes, occurs when the pancreas stops making insulin. ",
"Requires daily insulin injections for survival.",
"\n\nNDSS\n\nThe National Diabetes Services Scheme (NDSS) is a Federal Government funded initiative, administered on behalf of the Government by Diabetes Australia. ",
"For further information see Advocacy and Support."
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"Q:\n\nsecond and first derivatives are $0$\n\nwhat happens if both the second and first derivatives at a certain point are $0$? ",
"Is it an infliction point, an extremum point, or neither? ",
"Can we say anything at all about a point in such a case? ",
" \n\nA:\n\nYou can't say anything. ",
"Example : $$x\\longmapsto x^3\\quad x\\longmapsto x^4\\quad \\text{and}\\quad x\\longmapsto\\begin{cases} x^3\\sin\\left(\\frac{1}{x}\\right)&x\\neq 0\\\\ 0&x=0\\end{cases}.$$\n\n"
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"Sony Ericsson Xperia neo\n\nSony Ericsson Xperia Neo is an Android smartphone by Sony Ericsson that supersedes the Sony Ericsson Vivaz. ",
"It was launched in early 2011.",
"\n\nHardware \nThe Xperia Neo has many of the same features found in the Xperia Arc and the Xperia Play including the mobile Sony Bravia engine and an 8-megapixel camera capable of recording 720p high-definition video. ",
"It also features a front-facing VGA camera - excluded from the Xperia Arc - which allows for video chat.",
"\n\nReception \nGenerally, the phone has received positive reviews from sites such as GSMArena, being praised for its camera and Android operating system as opposed to the Symbian equivalent used for the Vivaz.",
"\n\nSoftware\nThe phone shipped with Android 2.3 and an official update to Android 4.0 was made available in May 2012. ",
"Sony Ericsson, by then going under the name Sony Mobile, did not make any higher Android version updates available for the Xperia neo.",
"\nUnofficial updates up to Android 4.4 are available.",
"\n\nXperia Neo V \nA similar model named Xperia Neo V was released in October 2011. ",
"Unlike the Xperia Neo, it has a 5-megapixel camera without Exmor R. Sony Ericsson has stated that it is due to a shortage of 8-megapixel camera sensors. ",
"The other specifications are exactly the same, apart from internet speed, which is slower as compared to Sony Ericsson Neo.",
"\n\nSee also\n Sony Ericsson Xperia Arc\n List of Android devices\n Qualcomm Snapdragon S2\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nSony Ericsson\n\nCategory:Android (operating system) devices\nXperia Neo\nCategory:GPS navigation devices\nCategory:Smartphones\nCategory:Mobile phones introduced in 2011"
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"Tapping Day\n\nSunday, March 8, 2015\n\n2 - 5 p.m.Saint John's Sugar Shack\n\nJoin us on the inaugural tapping day for 2015! ",
"No experience necessary, just bring your outdoor clothing and 'sweet' attitude!",
"\n\nWe will start the day off with blessings and songs, then the tapping will begin. ",
"We hope to put out at least 1100 taps. ",
"We could use as much help as possible in getting everyone involved to accomplish this in just 3 hours! ",
"With that in mind and depending upon how many people show up, we appreciate everyone's understanding and help with making sure everyone gets a chance to participate.",
"\n\nDo you have a sturdy cordless drill that you are willing to let us use during tapping day? ",
"We will provide the drill bit and take good care of it. ",
"Email us if you have one we can use.",
"\n\nDon't Forget:\n\nWear warm waterproof clothes in layers as the area is very wet and muddy, and often very snowy in the woods.",
"\n\nYou don't have to sign up, just show up willing to help! ",
"Families with kids are encouraged!",
"\n\nPlease park by the Prep School and walk to the shack (about 20 minute walk). ",
"There is not a lot of parking AND the road is known for getting people and their cars stuck.",
"\n\nCoffee, hot chocolate, and pastries will be available, bring your own mug if possible!"
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"Q:\n\nSQL Query to choose records where condition is met using EXISTS\n\nI have the following query which pulls events from my events table. ",
" \nGoal: I want to select events from the events table but first look to see if the signed in user is already attending the event. ",
" If yes then do not display that event.",
"\nI have a signup table that is a 'transactional' table between 'users' and 'events' tables. ",
" Field 'ID' in 'users' table is PK and its FK is in the 'signup' table under field 'customer'. ",
" Field 'ID' in 'events' table is PK and its FK in the 'signup' table is field 'eid'.",
"\nWhat I have so far:\nSELECT\n id,\n name,\n DATE_FORMAT(\n date,\n '%W, %b %e %Y %l:%i %p'\n ) date,\n date orderByDate,\n shortDesc,\n summary,\n street,\n city,\n state,\n zip,\n private\nFROM\n events\nWHERE\n zip = 93101\nAND approved = 1\nAND date > sysdate();\n\nI feel like I need to use the keyword EXISTS to first check and see if the signed in user has a record existing in the 'signup' table but my poor peasant brain can't seem to figure out the query. ",
"Thanks for all help, everyone has been amazing so far with all my SQL questions. ",
" Still learning a lot. :)",
"\n\nA:\n\nYou need not exists, since you would like to fetch records that do not have a corresponding record for the given user in the signup table:\nSELECT id, name, DATE_FORMAT(date, '%W, %b %e %Y %l:%i %p') date, date orderByDate, shortDesc, summary, street, city, state, zip, private \n FROM events \n WHERE zip = 93101 \n AND approved = 1 \n AND date > sysdate()\n AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM signup WHERE signup.eid=events.id and signup.customer=...);\n\nSubstitute the user id in place of the ...\n\n"
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"\nMarvel Mogul Stan Lee Dies at 95 - curtis\nhttps://www.thedailybeast.com/marvel-mogul-stan-lee-dies-at-95-report\n======\njoshumax\nStan Lee had a profound influence on both my childhood and adulthood. ",
"I can't\neven imagine how many other people he's inspired and touched through his\nworks. ",
"Rest in peace Stan Lee; you will be remembered by all of us.",
"\n\n------\ncurtis\nThe article at The Hollywood Reporter is better:\n[https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/stan-lee-marvel-\ncomic...](https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/stan-lee-marvel-comics-\nlegend-721450).",
"\n\n------\nAceJohnny2\nI'm sure this was just a clone or a body from an alternate dimension and we'll\nsee the character resurrected in the next season.",
"\n\n------\nSamuelgfds\nThis is so sad for all my life I have been following comics and have been an\navid marvel fan, life its not fair, here is a drink for you captain Stan if\nyou are watching from upstairs!",
"\n\n------\nyumiya\nJust wrote an article to memorize him. [",
"https://medium.com/boosto/stan-lee-\nexcelsior-the-hero-behind...](https://medium.com/boosto/stan-lee-excelsior-\nthe-hero-behind-heroes-3715adf918de)\n\n------\nnobrains\nRIP Stan Lee (1922 - 2018)\n\n------\nExuma\nDamn... RIP\n\n------\nerikpukinskis\nI don't know what this has to do with HN, other than he's a prolific figure\nfrom American male culture. ",
"I guess it's a \"nerd culture\" thing too? ",
"Is this a\nnerd culture site?",
"\n\n~~~\nbdcravens\n> I don't know what this has to do with HN\n\nFrom the guidelines on what's topical: \"Anything that good hackers would find\ninteresting. ",
"That includes more than hacking and startups.\"",
"\n\nGiven the amount of non-topical stuff that makes it to the front page (\"Most\nstories about politics, or crime, or sports, unless they're evidence of some\ninteresting new phenomenon.\") ",
"I'd say this is more closely aligned with the\ninterests of many HN readers.",
"\n\n> Is this a nerd culture site?",
"\n\nI'd say yes.",
"\n\n~~~\nerikpukinskis\nWhat do Stan Lee comic books have that would interest hackers though, any more\nthan any random book?",
"\n\n"
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"Compensation and interaction between RISBZ1 and RPBF during grain filling in rice.",
"\nThe rice (Oryza sativa L.) basic leucine Zipper factor RISBZ1 and rice prolamin box binding factor (RPBF) are transcriptional activators of rice seed storage protein (SSP) genes in vivo. ",
"To ascertain the functions of these trans-activators in seed development, knock-down (KD) transgenic rice plants were generated in which the accumulation of RISBZ1 and RPBF was reduced in an endosperm-specific manner by co-suppression (KD-RISBZ1 and KD-RPBF). ",
"The accumulation of most SSPs changed little between individual KD mutants and wild-type plants, whereas a double KD mutant (KD-RISBZ1/KD-RPBF) resulted in a significant reduction of most SSP gene expression and accumulation. ",
"The reduction of both trans-activators also caused a greater reduction in seed starch accumulation than individual KD mutants. ",
"Storage lipids were accumulated at reduced levels in KD-RISBZ1 and KD-RISBZ1/KD-RPBF seeds. ",
"KD-RPBF and KD-RISBZ1/KD-RPBF seeds exhibited multi-layered aleurone cells. ",
"Gene expression of DEFECTIVE KERNEL1 (OsDEK1), CRINKLY4 (OsCR4) and SUPERNUMERARY ALEURONE LAYER 1 (OsSAL1) rice homologues was decreased in the KD mutants, suggesting that these genes are regulated by RISBZ1 and RPBF. ",
"These phenotypes suggest that combinatorial interactions between RISBZ1 and RPBF play an essential role during grain filling. ",
"The functional redundancy and compensation between RISBZ1 and RPBF possibly account for weak effects on the SSP levels in single KD mutants, and help maintain various processes during seed development in rice. ",
"Physical interaction between RISBZ1 and RPBF may ensure that these processes are carried out properly."
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"The Truth about live hold foot traps\n\nThis video by the National Trappers Association debunks the myths about the modern live hold foot trap, called a steel jaw leg trap by its critics. ",
"They say it’s a cruel, crushing device that maims the animals it doesn’t kill – that it is dangerous and inhumane. ",
"In reality, the traps described by critics are no longer used, while the modern foot trap is both humane and a key tool in wildlife management.",
"\n\nWildlife biologists with federal and state agencies charged with managing our wild lands and wild animals say the live hold foot trap is an important tool they use for a variety of reasons, including the return of animals like the river otter, lynx and wolf long missing from native habitat back to lands where they once thrived.",
"\n\nAt the turn of the 20th century, America’s rush to clear land, fill marshes and swamps and streams, coupled with unchecked pollution and unregulated harvests, took their toll on the country’s river otter population. ",
"By the 1980s, 11 states had no otters at all, and 13 states had very few. ",
"In 1982, Missouri led the way in river otter reintroduction. ",
"Since then, in 18 states, over 4,000 river otters captured with the live hold foot trap have found new homes.",
"\n\nThousands of wolves, lynx, fishers, martens, beaver, bobcat, red and grey fox, possum and raccoons have been studied, treated, relocated and released, healthy and whole, thanks to the live hold foot trap.",
"\n\nThe evidence is overwhelming. ",
"The animals captured by the live hold foot trap are released with no harm done to them. ",
"If this trap were in fact a cruel and crippling device, wildlife managers would have rejected it long ago. ",
"It’s not, and they haven’t.",
"\n\nThe live hold foot trap has been, and should remain, a valuable wildlife restoration and management tool. ",
"Contrary to the myth that this trap maims and mutilates animals, the norm is for the animal to hunker down and wait. ",
"Some drop off to sleep."
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"Development of a lanthanide-based assay for detection of receptor-ligand interactions at the delta-opioid receptor.",
"\nA lanthanide-based assay for ligand-receptor interactions provides an attractive alternative to the traditional radiolabeled determinations in terms of sensitivity, throughput, and biohazards. ",
"We designed and tested five peptide ligands for the delta-opioid receptor that were modified with a europium (Eu)-containing chelate. ",
"These labeled ligands were tested for their binding affinities and compared with the unlabeled parental ligands. ",
"The Eu-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)-[D-Pen(2),l-Cys(5)] enkephalin (DPLCE) ligand bound to Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells overexpressing the human delta-opioid receptor with affinity similar to the unlabeled ligand. ",
"This ligand was used in competitive binding assays with results comparable to those obtained using the traditional radiolabeled binding assays. ",
"These lanthanide-based assays provide superior results with higher throughput and eliminate the need for radioactive waste disposal; hence, they are appropriate for high-throughput screening of ligand libraries."
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"Especially the newly married couples look for a pristine land to revive their romantic mood. ",
"But, what will be the perfect honeymoon destination? ",
"Are you feeling worried about it? ",
"Do you know that Malaysia is the land of numerous beautiful beaches? ",
"Here, in this article, you will get information about the exotic beaches of Malaysia. ",
"It will give you the ideas about the top 10 things to do in Malaysia.",
"\n\n1.Perhentian — A land of exquisite scenic beauty\n\nPerhentian islands are situated at the Northeast coast of Malay Peninsula. ",
"The calm and peaceful environment of the island will not only help you forget about extreme stress and boredom but also make you reach the realm of romance. ",
"It is one of the best places for the honeymoon couples who want to enjoy their vacation in privacy.",
"\n\n2. ",
"Tioman island — A place to discover the real beauty of nature\n\nIf you want to visit a place full of wildlife and wonders of nature, then it will be the perfect travel destination for you. ",
"here, you can enjoy both the wildlife and the serenity of lonely islands. ",
"To make your trip memorable many boutique hotels are there. ",
"So, you can enjoy the unlimited pleasure during your trip to Tioman.",
"\n\n3. ",
"Langkawi — An island to enjoy the luxury\n\nIt is one of the most famous islands of Malaysia which has made this county a perfect holiday destination for the couples. ",
"Whether you are a honeymoon couple or not, the beauty of Langkawi island will definitely enhance the romance in your life.",
"\n\n4. ",
"Borneo — The most popular island\n\nIt is a large island which is located off the coast of Malaysia. ",
"You can explore incredible wildlife and the beauty of nature while visiting here.",
"\n\n5. ",
"Labuan — An offshore bank\n\nIt is located on the east coast of Malaysia and a popular place for the tourists.",
"\n\n6. ",
"Layang — A perfect place to enjoy leisure with your partner\n\nThis is a tiny island where you can explore the beauty of the coral reef.",
"\n\n7. ",
"Sipadan — A perfect island for the divers\n\nNow, you can go for an adventure at the world’s best dive site.",
"\n\n8. ",
"Redang — A destination for spending summer holidays\n\nYou can experience wildlife including the rare species of animals during your trip to Redang.",
"\n\n9. ",
"Rawa — An island for the weekend break\n\nIf you want to a refreshing weekend trip, then it will be the best place for you.",
"\n\n10. ",
"Pangkor- A tiny place where you can feel peace\n\nIt lies off the west coast of Malaysia which offers you overwhelming natural beauty.",
"\n\nHopefully, it will give you ideas about the top 10 best things to do in Malaysia. ",
"If you want to explore more, you can browse this link biggietips.com."
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"The first draft of my research, teaching, and reading\n\nAn interesting discussion of form is encapsulated by the article “An Apology for Form; Or, Who Took the Form out of the Process?” ",
"by Richard M. Coe.",
"\n\nThe article’s first premise is that form and content cannot exist without the other, which gives us an interesting consideration for our research. ",
"He says that content is created out of form, by to some degree dictating what will be written. ",
"Coe says, “[f]orm in its emptiness, is heuristic, for it guides structured speech. ",
"Faced with the emptiness of a form, a human being seeks matter to fill it” (19). ",
"Here, he directly addresses the five paragraph essay. ",
"He states that the reason students write three body paragraphs – not two or four – is because the form dictates that there are three empty spaces to fill. ",
"Therefore, the writer invents until he has three points to discuss. ",
"And then he stops.",
"\n\nLuckily, it’s not all cynicism. ",
"The author applauds people like Dan and Michael who are creating new forms to fill in the gaps. ",
"He says, “as rhetoricians, we should explicitly invent forms to meet new needs” (21). ",
"He also suggests that “a new form often must be created in order to express a radically new idea – and that knowing a form with which an idea can be articulated improves the likelihood of thinking that idea” (25). ",
"That is an interesting point to address why students are always coming up with same, rather dull and unoriginal ideas.",
"\n\nHe ends by restating the importance of creating new forms in order to invent new ideas. ",
"So well done Dan and Michael, in creating an avenue for students to express themselves in previously unknown (or at least long-forgotten) ways. ",
"Coe applauds you.",
"\n\nAbout Daniel Paul O’Donnell\n\nI am a Professor of English at the University of Lethbridge, where I teach and conduct research in the Digital Humanities, Digital Cultural Heritage, English Philology, and Book History. ",
"You can read more about me by following this link.",
"\n\nMy university site (which contains syllabi and the like) can be found by following this link. ",
"Most of the non-course related material from that site can be found here."
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"Over the past months, the strategic results of the primarily economic Belt and Road Initiative have begun to demonstrate for the world what Lyndon LaRouche has known for many years — there is no distinction between the economic and the strategic issues facing mankind. ",
"If you want peace, LaRouche said, get the tractors rolling.",
"\n\nWhen Presidents Trump, Xi Jinping, Putin, and Moon — all four — presented development plans to North Korea, backing each other up on the concept of \"peace through development\" as well as on sanctions, the supposedly impossible proved possible indeed. ",
"When India and Pakistan both joined the SCO, working directly with China and Russia on joint development ideas, the \"permanent crisis\" created by the British at the time of the partition of India became suddenly resolvable. ",
"On the Horn of Africa, with China's Belt and Road proposing a development alternative to each of the three nations of Ethiopia, Eritrea and Somalia, an intractable conflict has turned into joyful peace and cooperation. ",
"In Southwest Asia, a similar solution to the century of war is now possible.",
"\n\nThis process is active across Africa. ",
"The BRICS Summit in South Africa last month saw Russia, China and India joining hands with all the people of Africa in bringing real development — nuclear power, high-speed rail connectivity, water projects to green the deserts — and thus posing a real solution to terrorism and to poverty.",
"\n\nThe problem remains, however, that the media in the U.S. and in Europe have carefully isolated their populations from any knowledge of this world-historic transformation, which is sweeping through Asia, Africa and Ibero-America. ",
"In the U.S., the LaRouche movement is mobilizing to resolve this problem. ",
"A first step is a call for transforming the negotiations between President Trump and President-elect López Obrador of Mexico, from a revision of NAFTA to the higher-ordered concept of NABRI — the North American Belt and Road Initiative. ",
"This must become a step forward in uniting the U.S. and China through the New Silk Road, a process of building advanced industrial nations throughout the Americas and beyond, and fulfilling Trump's commitment to restoring America's former industrial power as a primary source of capital exports for nation-building. ",
"This, not coincidentally, is the path to resolving the trade imbalance.",
"\n\nBut the British and their assets in the U.S. will stop at nothing to prevent such a new paradigm from taking hold in the U.S. The Council on Foreign Relations, the foremost voice for the Empire within the U.S., has published a report entitled, \"Is Made in China 2025 a Threat to Global Trade?\" ",
"It details the supposedly devious intentions of the Chinese effort to develop their domestic expertise in high-tech manufacturing: through \"recruitment of foreign scientists, its theft of U.S. intellectual property, and its targeted acquisitions of U.S. firms,\" the CFR claims, China intends to \"control entire supply chains,\" and eventually \"entire industries could come under control of a rival geopolitical power.\"",
"\n\nSuch hysteria is matched by the emergence this week of \"Big Brother\" frantically shutting down access to social media for multiple voices which have countered the Russiagate madness, and supported President Trump's denunciation of the \"Russia hoax.\" ",
"Alex Jones' Infowars was thrown off Facebook and YouTube — a site which has more than 15 million visits per month— while others were thrown off Twitter.",
"\n\nBut the New Paradigm exists — it cannot be stopped, other than by world war. ",
"China has arisen, and has joined with Russia and India through the BRICS to offer the nations of the Global South an alternative to the poverty imposed upon them as a legacy of colonialism. ",
"They have extended this offer, to join the Belt and Road Initiative, to the United States and Europe, as a win-win alternative to the geopolitics of war, economic decay and cultural decadence infecting the West. ",
"The patriotic spirit in the U.S. has been awakened through the phenomenon of Donald Trump, rejecting the warmongers and the post-industrial society advocates within both the Republican and Democratic Parties — what LaRouche long ago denounced as the \"two-potty system.\" ",
"LaRouche's Four Laws, implemented through the \"four powers\" of the U.S., Russia, China and India, provide the way forward. ",
"The arc of history has reached a branching point, towards either victory or tragedy. ",
"The future is in our hands, each and every one."
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"Priyanka attended the Pre-Grammy Awards party held at the Soho House on Thursday in West Hollywood, California. ",
"She wore a Blumarine Spring 2015 striped Little Black Dress with dark blue heels.",
"\n\nNimrat Kaur wore a beautiful pink Georges Hobeika gown at the Bafta awards held in London. ",
"Nimrat, who made headlines with her fashion choices looked stunning at the awards night. ",
"The actress was at Bafta in connection with her film lunch box which was nominated in the category of best foreign language film.",
"\n\nThe 'Exotic' babe Priyanka Chopra made an appearance on the red carpet of the MusiCare Person of the Year Tribute being held in Los Angeles in a splendid red gown. ",
"We love how the actress can carry the simplest of clothes with such panache.",
"\n\nNimrat wore a shimmery Julien Macdonald dress the BAFTA nominees party in London. ",
"Her film may not have managed to win the honour, but the actress made heads turn in this outfit. ",
"Though the Lunch Box lost to the Polish film Ida, Nimrat nonetheless managed to garner limelight and was even present on the stage to give an award.",
"\n\nPriyanka was spotted at the Roc Nation Pre-Grammy brunch in a sexy white number. ",
"We love the way she pulled of her look. ",
"PC is in LA to work on her music as well as to look at scripts for a TV show as per her talent holding deal with ABC Network.",
"\n\nHolliday Grainger and Nimrat Kaur congratulate composer Alexandre Desplat, winner of the Original Music award for the movie The Grand Budapest Hotel. ",
"Nimrat's work in the US series 'Homeland' where she played an ISI spy won rave reviews and garnered applause from foreign press in plenty.",
"\n\nThe actress took to a social networking site and posted this pic captioning it, 'Gorge night !!! #",
"AftahBafta #EEBAFTAs @BAFTA'. ",
"It seems Nimrat is on a roll when it concerns the international arena. ",
"Her next Bollywood flick 'Airlift' deals with the evacuation of Indians from Kuwait and Jordan when the gulf war was its peak."
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[
"Thursday, 12 January 2012\n\nTo Follow Or Not To Follow\n\nAn investigative review means that they WILL be following up leads as if IT HAPPENED IN THE UK!",
"\n\nWhich gives them more power.",
"\n\nSecondly, an abduction is what was reported so they will investigate that as Goncalo Amaral and the Portugese did. ",
"Once they realise that it leads to a dead end they will follow up the other leads!",
"\n\nI believe in Scotland Yard for this one! ",
"Don't forget that it was the British Police that helped the Portugese DEVELOP the 'accident and coverup' theory!",
"\n\nThe evidence of Martin Grimes dogs is also not disputed in this country.",
"\n\nAfter clearing up the Stephen Lawrence case, Scotland yard will do the same on this one!!”",
"\n\nPosted by loopdaloop to Textusa at Jan 11, 2012 6:48:00 PM\n\nLdlp,\n\nThank you for your comment, however the expression used continues, for us, to be as clear as it is read. ",
"I understand your point of view, and might even subscribe it, if not concurrent with other details that make us have opposing thoughts.",
"\n\nYou see, at this point in time, there isn’t anyone in the “upper layers” of British Society who isn’t aware of what really happened, as there isn’t one of them who doesn’t know, and understand, the exact implications of revealing publicly whatever the truth is now.",
"\n\nYes, because this particular truth evolves daily, forever changing by incrementing its disastrous consequences with each person comes into \"the club”. ",
"Either privately or publicly. ",
"The truth, say, on July 7, 2007, to just name a date randomly, was completely different both in scope and personal involvements than it was to be on Aug 8, 2008, as it is different from then to today, and so on.",
"\n\nThat said, when the British PM allocated the 3£ mill to the Maddie SY Review, he had only one of two objectives: either to “fry” the McCanns, and end the embarrassment, or whitewash the case and do the best possible for the said embarrassment to go away.",
"\n\nI understand that it seems, on a first glance, that the terminology “abduction” could have been used as the natural sequencing of the ongoing investigation. ",
"Picking it up from where it was left off, or to be precise, archived at.",
"\n\nBut picked up from whom or where?",
"\n\nNot from the PJ, because in its investigation, it clearly doesn’t conclude that there was abduction, does it? ",
"To qualify its conclusions with that word, it's completely inadequate and abusive in terms of Police work.",
"\n\nIf it has to follow something then it can only be from what the couplealleges to have happened. ",
"They did say it was abduction, and the first page of the PJ Files does say “rapto” (kidnap). ",
"But as I said in the post, besides the couple and friends, the rest of the world, in which are included their “friends”, let the “abduction” term drop pretty quickly.",
"\n\nTo use the word “abduction” to express the pick-up point would make SY be following up on what the McCanns had to say on the matter rather than what their Portuguese counterpart officially concluded. ",
"And from what we read, that's exactly what is happening.",
"\n\nBetween the PJ and the McCanns, I know who I’d believe. ",
"I’d rather go on investigated facts, then from desperate claims from people who bear heavily burdened consciences, but that’s me.",
"\n\nAlso, when one is writing a high-profile document, such as this one is, that one knows that’s going to be meticulously scrutinized, such as this one would be, one is very careful with the wording used. ",
"Each word and each sentence is, as is being written, revised by more than a single pair of eyes.",
"\n\nSo, the author, if he wished to express, as seems to be the case, the level of commitment to be made by those responsible for the Review, saying that although it happened somewhere we’ll treat it as if it happened right at our front door, using the word “events” instead of “abduction” (“as if the events occurred in the UK”) would have served fully that purpose, without being minimally controversial. ",
"But that wouldn't fully support the \"Official\" version of things, would it?",
"\n\nAlso, there’s the question of the results being published or not. ",
"It seems that they won’t be, which, as I’ve said it doesn't surprise me in the least. ",
"Are SY investigations usually published? ",
"No. ",
"Are PJ investigations usually published? ",
"No.",
"\n\nBut is the outcome, or RESULT, of the investigations, either by PJ or SY, usually known to the public? ",
"Yes, they are.",
"\n\nEven if just to say something biased and false, like the Portuguese Judicial System said about the Maddie Affair: there wasn’t enough evidence to prosecute the couple.",
"\n\nWe now know it to be a completely ridiculous statement, but at least something was said, a result presented, which apparently will not be the case, with the Review. ",
"Just to say if they’re to prosecute someone or not, in a case determined by the Nation’s PM and paid for by £3 million of British Public Funds.",
"\n\nBy the way, to say that they won’t publish the result of a certain investigation means, to me, that they have published something of the nature in the past. ",
"Otherwise there wouldn’t be any expectancy would it?",
"\n\nThen there’s the resignation. ",
"Why?",
"\n\nNow throw in the Leveson Inquiry (what a sad, pathetic spectacle put on by the \"establishment\") and the Phone Hacking Hearings, put all in an oven and keep regularly checking how it’s cooking.",
"\n\nI repeat that we stated only an opinion and we would dearly love for it to be wrong and would be happy to apologise if it is.",
"\n\nWe aren’t owners of the truth, and we welcome opposing opinions as we’ve shown more than once before. ",
"The only people who really know for certain are those \"in the know\".",
"\n\nWe know that they know that we know. ",
"That they know sums it up for us as regards them.",
"\n\nWe don’t sit here in judgement telling others that what we’ve decided has now become fact. ",
"That is a style used by many a Black Hat dressed in White from head to toe.",
"\n\n21 comments:\n\nThe Leveson Inquiry is softening the public up for a possible trial by attempting to neuter any McCann argument that the press has prejudiced the ability to hold a fair trial.",
"Leveson, as any Judge would, is scrupulously applying the legal presumption of innocence to the McCanns.",
"Scotland Yard's investigation will uncover the truth. ",
"This may embarass the Labour Party but leave Cameron smelling of roses. ",
"Sometimes the law plays it long and lets people hang themselves by their words and actions. ",
"After the archiving of the case, the McCann's actions may be seen as incriminating, as gaps open up between what they said at the time and what they now say. ",
"It is this circumstantial evidence that can help join the evidential dots, particularly where the main piece of evidence, a body, is missing. ",
"Trust the system. ",
"The UK has a well established antipathy to child killers and no stone is unturned bring these criminals to face justice.",
"\n\nYes - I understand this so well - we have obviously not attended to our lessons and are unable to speak by rote \"Yes, it's an abduction\"! ",
"I think many will fall and give up trying. ",
"Bit bit like the wheat left after harvest, very few standing.",
"\n\nAnon. ",
"Jan.13,2012 7.23.00pm - I think Himself has become as many have - it is patently obvious that corruption is rife in England and Truth and honesty have been trodden underfoot.",
"\n\nI have the intuition that the Met are now at the end of the review and this must be a terrible pressure on the McCanns.",
"I watched Gerry reacting on Cameron's letter to them (see Sky News) and he was not pleased at all.",
"Later in Germany(or Spain) he seems to have said he understands people who commit suicide ( he did not say he understands people who commit murder and I bet he does).After causing a death, after concealing a body, a fraudulent fund, allowing Murat to be declared suspect, I fear that considering suicide could be a reality in their lives now. ",
"The death of the couple would not be that bad but I fear they could murder the siblings out all kind of reasons.",
"The Tapas 7 are the ones who know what happened, they know that Kate is probably unstable, and they still are doing nothing to avoid new deaths. ",
"If the twins get killed, it will be also Tapas 7's responsibility because they refused to tell the truth.",
"Those siblings are living at risk and if they die, Tapas 7 have to be brought to justice. ",
"Behind bars, all of them.",
"If they tell the truth to the police on time, it will save the twins lives and it will save them a lot of money.",
"A statement, that's it, no defence sollicitors, no expenses to get rid of the prison, they will keep their jobs and they will live at home.",
"If it gets so far that the police will come knocking at their doors,it will be too late. ",
"They will be taken away as suspects, colaborators,not as witnesses.",
"A trial will make them poor for the rest of their lives, defending themselves of a murder they did not commit, with the risk they will land behind bars.",
"They are lost anyway but they will be less lost if they go to the police as witnesses.",
"Politics changed in Britain, no Brown anylonger, and if those Tapas are at risk because of the truth, Brussels can help them. ",
"Or Amnesty International.",
"\n\nAccoding to the Daily Mail in November 2007, one of the Tapas wanted to change his statement, telling what happened before,during and after diner that night, but he changed his mind. ",
"Daily Mail was writing about a \"he\".",
"\n\nIs a lawyer obliged to tell the truth about his client to the police of can he keep silent about what he knows?",
"\n\nI don't believe on any review. ",
"Everything was announced to fool the public and close the mouths of who was questioning the Fund and asking why the Mccann's received a huge support from the Uk authorities and the media. ",
"As GA said, the British have all evidences in the files. ",
"They know them since minute one. ",
"Then, what are they going to review? ",
"Their own work? ",
"Facing again the evidences and the excuses the British authorities gave to prevent the investigation to go further? ",
"Realizing again how stupid and questionable were some reports from the FSS Lab? ",
"They know why the reports were made like that. ",
"They know what they are hiding and why the phones of the all Tapas 9 were not investigated. ",
"That phones hold the clues that are colliding with what is in the FSS reports. ",
"imagine passing such information to PJ? ",
"A war just comparable to the fake reports about the weapons of massive destruction that allow the Iraq invasion. ",
"For me, Cameron and the Mccann's, on that issue, were two faces of the same coin. ",
"They acted in parallel while were trying to pass the idea of working on the opposite. ",
"The despicable Kate and Gerry will never step forward to criticize the PM if they were not absolute sure and complete confident that he will never do anything a against them. ",
"The lawyers, who hold the secrets about Madeleine and her parents, also hold the secrets about all PMs. ",
"When they don't hold it, they know all the dark ways which lead them to know such secrets. ",
"Inside the corridor of power, there is no light, only darkness and evil creatures who manage to criticize each other in open spaces but share the same meals and the same comfort while in private. ",
"A pile of opportunists and hypocritical cowards. ",
"What is a shock for somebody from the public like me, is watching that guys playing with the money that belongs to all of us, when at the hospitals, children are suffering due to a poor assistance and when responsible parents are loosing their dignity because they lost their jobs and the small properties they took the all life to achieve. ",
"These Mccann's with their Fund and their fake search, are an insult to all of us. ",
"Who support their faith is even more insultuous because shows a lake of respect to our intelligence. ",
"I'm glad that in Portugal that bunch of idiots has no support and not much publicity, no matter how much they payed for lift consulting and Isabels Ds.",
"\n\nYou know what is the best sentence to resume the all saga? ",
"The sentence the Public Ministry gave to excuse Socrates of being investigated about the way he got his University degree: \" O Ministerio Publico decidiu nao investigar a licenciatura de Jose Socrates porque concluiu ter havido outros Mais beneficiados que o ex- PM\". ",
"Why, that don't surprise me? ",
"The Mccann's protection follows the same recipe. ",
"Poor Madeleine and poor other UK children who under their bad star could one day face the same Karma.",
"\n\nWe do not wish or support physical harm of any description to befall the McCanns or their children.",
"What we do want is justice to be done and for the McCanns and any other person involved to be brought to account.",
"Justice should be tempered with mercy if any of the parties requires it, for whatever reason; whether it be threats from others or mental health issues.",
"The severity of any punishment is is not a judgement we could or should make without full knowledge of the facts.",
"Personal hatred has no part in a quest for justice. ",
"Hating injustice in itself is sufficient.",
"\n\nI hope SY read your comment, you speak for many. ",
"We need them to hear these things over and over so they can't get away with any more covering up. ",
"They will look like fools if the results of the review are not honest. ",
"We are witnessing so much corruption in our British police force and lost the trust of British citizens, that needs to be rstored.",
"\n\nGerry Fagan was in 2011, according to The Independent, from Dundrum: http://www.independent.ie/national-news/37m-payday-wont-change-tycoons-life-482971.html. ",
"As to where he was born I have no idea.",
"\n\nWay before 2007 Fagan gave an interview to a national daily or two. ",
"The articles were dry pretentious PR manufactured boring business pieces about how he had got into Portugal at the right time and how he had made his money in property price speculation.",
"\n\nLater during the recent banking crisis it was revealed Fagan and his company had taken so much money from the banks, both in Portugal and in Ireland, that Oceanico, Fagans company, had become too big to fail.",
"\n\nFailure of Oceanico would have brought about the collaspe of property prices right across Portugal. ",
"Confidence shaken as it already was meant Oceanicos financial woes might well become a Portuguese national problem. ",
"They think it's bad now in Portugal well with boys like Fagan and his cronies left in charge it so could have been alot lot worse.",
"\n\nWhilst most were distracted or preoccupied with the other Portuguese property scam 'The Freeport Debacle', with it's political considerations, the banks acted together in complete unison. ",
"They were either told by their political masters (which I suspect is the real truth of the matter) or of themselves, as they would have you believe, determined to support Fagan and his fantasy empire of cards at all costs.",
"\n\nFagans business of golf courses, apartment complexes and clubhouse dodgy handshakes became a national concern and had to be rescued at all costs. ",
"Property prices underpinned Fagans company as they did the entire Algarve economy.",
"\n\nThe Mark Warners, the Murats the Oceanicos and the local populace had all had it good over the years. ",
"Too good in fact. ",
"Together they had created an unsustainable economice disater zone of gigantic it not UN proportions.",
"\n\nThe chickens came home to roost in Portugal much as they did and for very much the same reasons as they chose to find their way home to the rest of the ecs debt burdened economies. ",
"Recent events in the banking sector has shown there are plenty of Fagans around just there are democratic gvmts prepared to save their skins to bail them out with taxation punds, pounds or ecus.",
"\n\nGeraghty as executive director of the building company Laing O'Rourke or maybe even in is own right doing a deal with a property man is not all that unuusal if you think about it. ",
"Apartments are built and money made but the land has to come from someone, and in this case that someone was Gerry Fagan.",
"\n\nWhat could be seen as unusual is the fact that this deal was agreed and sealed with just one shake of the hand between two men in just a matter of minutes. ",
"It was a deal done by two men who we are told, prior to this one initial meeting, had absolutley no knowledge of the others existence, let alone their respective business interests in Portugal.",
"\n\nBusiness interests are what the McCann case is really all about. ",
"If you still believe the McCanns and their group were on holiday that year in Portugal consider why it was Gerry McCann on arriving in Portugal in 2007 told David Payne he for one \"wasn't''on holiday'\".",
"\n\nTTW4,You talk of Gerry Fagan as if he’s an Openheimer. “",
"Fagans business of golf courses, apartment complexes and clubhouse dodgy handshakes became a national concern and had to be rescued at all costs. ",
"Property prices underpinned Fagans company as they did the entire Algarve economy.",
"The Mark Warners, the Murats the Oceanicos and the local populace had all had it good over the years. ",
"Too good in fact. ",
"Together they had created an unsustainable economice disater zone of gigantic it not UN proportions.",
"”I don’t see how this disaster would happen. ",
"However I do think that a financial disaster would happen, not in PDL, but because of PDL, in a certain week in 2007.Where are the refs that a deal was ever made between JG and GF? ",
"Who are you to say that they didn’t know each other? ",
"One owns a golf course the other hotels in a small town like PDL and they don’t know each other?!?Also your link is about one Gerald Moore. ",
"Fagan appears as a reference in a paragraph with a dozen other names: “Other beneficiaries of the deal include Spectel directors Conleth O'Reilly of Hollystown, Co Dublin, a director of Xerox Island; Brian Sweeney of Ballygonnell, Co Wicklow, a director of Siemens; Hazem Ben Gacem of England; GERRY FAGAN OF DUNDRUM, also a company director; Jonathan O'Connell of Monkstown, Co Dublin, a director of Trinity Biotech and Ned Sullivan of Sion Road, Kilkenny, who is a director of Glanbia.” ",
"That doesn’t exactly certify anything, does it?",
"\n\nComments are welcomed, but its reserved the right to delete comments deemed as spam, transparent attempts to get traffic without providing any useful commentary, and any contributions which are offensive or inappropriate for civilized discourse.",
"\n\nTotal Pageviews\n\nAs of Jan 19 2019 we're waiting for Jules to own the blog.",
"\n\nMESSAGE to NEWCOMERS\n\nThis blog believes that concerning the MADDIE McCANN case the following happened:\n\n- Maddie McCanndied in the early evening of May 3rd, 2007, in the Apartment 5A. We believe the death to have been accidental.",
"\n\n- At the time of Maddie's death the Praia da Luz's Ocean Club was hosting a large swinging holiday (which we believe took place in various locations in and around Praia da Luz - from Lagos to Sagres) in which the McCanns and friends were part of among many others.",
"\n\n- After Maddie's death a cover-up of unseen proportions and scope took place not to hide Maddie's death but with the main purpose of hiding the presence of swinging. ",
"To achieve that, Maddie's death had to be hidden.",
"\n\n- We don't believe there was any sort of negligence involved in the Maddie affair. ",
"We don't believe that T9 dined at Tapas Bar from Sunday to Wednesday. ",
"We think that on those nights they left their children with professional nannies - as did other guests - to go dine downtown PdL. On Thursday night they did use Tapas but that was simply part of what was to be \"negligence\"that was required to allow Maddie to be \"abducted.\"",
"\n\nPJ Files\n\nAnonymity\n\nA MAJOR MINORITY\n\nTRUTH is Self-Sustained\n\nThink for yourself\n\nLuz - THE VILLAGE OF THE DAMNED\n\nPdL - What a place. ",
"Why does anyone holiday there?It's populated by black heroin addicts, people who rob apartments, gypsies who steal scrap and wood, scruffy moustachioed lurers of children, bogus charity collectors, suspicious street musicians, men lurking near phone booths, glasses man lurking in stairwells, blond men suspiciously lurking outside apartments, soothing couples entering apartments without permission, mysterious gangs of cleaners, men taking photographs of children on beaches... And to top it all, you have to queue for a table booking.",
"Anonymous 11Nov 2013 12:22:00\n\nMaybe because you can always enjoy an ice-cream in the rain?And a dip in an icy pool on arrival always attracts a crowd.",
"Textusa 11Nov 2013 12:28:00\n\nI like the Tapas fragile chairs and tables. ",
"They wobble nicely when cutting thick grilled steaks spilling the drinks all about! ",
"It's fun for the whole family!Anonymous 11Nov 2013 13:08:00\n\nAnd how about the number of men seen carrying little blond girls in the street in the middle of the night?Anonymous 11Nov 2013 14:04:00\n\nPdL - where families take it in turn to vomit each night, dog packs pursue and bite joggers, guests fall off catamarans, damage tendons playing tennis, have shaving accidents and stagger around apartments bleeding, domestic appliances need repair, shutters jam, baby monitors won't function at restaurants, travel cots can't be assembled.. sounds like THE VILLAGE OF THE DAMNED.Anonymous 12 Nov 2013 12:37:00\n\nChild Catcher\n\nAlgarve - THE REGION OF THE DAMNED\n\n“Algarve – Where Chitty Chitty Bang Bang’s Child Catcher found it ideal to roam the streets with his GYPSY-wagon:“There are children here somewhere. ",
"I can smell them. ",
"Come along, kiddie-winkies!”Algarve, the REGION OF THE DAMNED.”",
"\n\nPlease Reconstruct I:\n\nPJ's Declaration for Reopening Process:\n\n\"Madeleine McCann\n\nAs is the case with any situation in which a child goes missing, notwithstanding formal dismissal of the inquiry into her disappearance, and just as has always been publicly stated, the Polícia Judiciária never stopped paying close attention to any and all information that might possibly shed light on the whereabouts of the minor Madeleine McCann, the circumstances surrounding her disappearance and the identity of the perpetrator(s).",
"\n\nIt was with this goal in mind that in March 2011 the National Director of the Polícia Judiciária entrusted a team of investigators from the North Directorate with the mission of reassessing, as a whole, the vast amount of information gathered during the inquiry, aimed at identifying data for which a more in-depth investigation might be useful and possible.",
"\n\nThe reassessment which took place over the last two years and a half suggested new evidence to have surfaced, which, requiring the investigation to proceed, meets the requirements set out by section 279(1) of the Portuguese Code of Criminal Procedure for reopening of the inquiry.",
"\n\nAccordingly, a request for reopening was made to the Public Prosecutor for the jurisdiction of Portimao, and approval granted by the latter. \"",
"\n\nThe Anne Guedes Transcriptions\n\nPermanent Suggested Reading\n\nQuote\n\n“It's easier to fool people than to convince them that they have been fooled.” ",
"Mark Twain\n\nRevelations\n\n\"For the righteous, a revelation is a joyous event, the realization of a divine truth but for the wicked, revelations can be far more terrifying, when dark secrets are exposed and sinners are punished for their trespasses.\" ",
"Quote from the TV Series \"Revenge\" (T2 - Ep9)\n\nTruth\n\nAll truth passes through three stages. ",
"First, it is ridiculed. ",
"Second, it is violently opposed. ",
"Third, it is accepted as being self-evident.",
"Arthur Schopenhauer\n\nThe truth is incontrovertible. ",
"Malice may attack it, ignorance may deride it, but in the end, there it is.",
"Winston Churchill\n\nThe Revolution\n\nDuring times of universal deceit, telling the truth becomes a revolutionary act.",
"George Orwell\n\nThe Revolution Goes Viral\n\n\"Once information networks become social, the implications are massive: truth can now travel faster than lies, and all propaganda becomes instantly flammable. ",
"Sure, you can try to insert spin, but the instantly networked consciousness of millions of people will set it right: they act like white blood cells against infection so that ultimately the truth, or something close to it, persists much longer than disinformation\"The Guardian (04Jan12)\n\nWe must build dikes of courage to hold back the flood of fear. ",
"Martin Luther King, Jr.\n\nSuccess is not final, failure is not fatal: it is the courage to continue that counts Winston Churchill\n\nPRECIOUS, SO TRUE, WORDS\n\n“One coincidence, two coincidences – maybe they’re still coincidences. ",
"Any more than that and it stops being coincidence.”",
"\n\nKate McCann\n\n(in MADELEINE, by Kate McCann, published in 2011 by Bantam Press, pg. ",
"328)\n\nImagine...\n\n\"This says it all, Ms Loach hit the nail on the head!",
"\n\n\"Ms Loach replied: “Imagine the public believing that you covered up your child’s death and then sought to make money out of it. ",
"They feel shame, humiliation and anguish.\"",
"\n\nYes, that's exactly what we, the public, believe, because that's exactly what they did! ",
"And, their \"shame, humiliation and anguish\" are because they know we know!\"",
"\n\nComment posted by Anonymous to Textusa at Sep 16, 2013, 8:36:00 AM on \"McCann vs Amaral Libel Trial\" post referring to Mockumentary maker Emma Loach's testimony on the 1st day of said trial as one of McCann's defense witness.",
"\n\nLegal Disclaimer\n\nThis blog expresses exclusively the exchange of ideas and of opinions, between WHITE HATS, so is not responsible for the use, misuse or any form of interpretation (mainly misinterpretation) of its content, as although it uses a public medium, as is the internet, it's of PRIVATE nature, very much like any other conversation that takes place in a restaurant, pub or any other public location, where FREEDOM OF SPEECH is exercised.",
"\n\nSound Explanation for Viciousness\n\nCompliments from the Maggots' Lair:\n\n- “…all the others pale into insignificance when compared to textusa.”",
"\n\n- “I think she should be on the streets and off the internet\"\n\nChinagirl):\n\n- “Disgusting piece of slime.”",
"\n\n(Raptor):\n\n- “Yikes ! ",
"That's disgusting.”",
"\n\n(preciousramotswe):\n\n- “You are right. ",
"It's a shambolic mess of vitriol and obtuseness. ",
"But then they always are. ",
"The one that some claimed finally 'proved' who was carrying who during the Smith sighting is a masterpiece of deliberately confused arguments in which labrynthine plots are used to cover how empty the central thesis is”\n\nOut of the Blue (or... Black?)",
"\n\nHey textusa How are you? ",
"well I hope,just thought I would tell you that there are videos about you on youtube, claiming you are an internet predator who stole her daughters identity and prowls the forums for young boys, they say you are welsh!! ",
"I think its a case of mistaken identity because are you not portuguese and male? ",
"Anyway great blog. ",
"keep it up.(Anon., ",
"Nov 13th, 05:43)\n\nConversation from the \"Lightless Zone\"\n\nsabot:\n\n“Wot Round Table?”",
"\n\nbonnybraes1:\n\n“He/she/it invented a barking mad 'theory' about no-one actually having eaten in the Tapas, because he/she/it couldn't grasp the table arrangements.”",
"\n\nSo, because textusa doesn't understand stuff like that, all the Tapas group, the staff, everyone, were lying.",
"\n\nOMG - you don't suppose textusa is actually Gonc, do you?”",
"\n\nsansouci:“Could be Bonny.",
"\n\nThe 'theories' about the table and the watersports are really so far beyond bizarre, that I get the feeling that 'textusa' could actually be 'pisstaka'.”",
"\n\nBLACK BUT TRUE WORDS\n\n“Because no-one is more vicious in their search for payback that those who realise they have allowed themselves to be taken for a fool” (A \"boomerang\" comment left by an Anonymous (Insane?) ",
"at Sep 22, 2012 2:06:00 PM)\n\nInsane's IMPORTANT Comments\n\n“…How would any of you idiots like it if your name came into the public domain because you were witness to a crime, and some mad bitch set up a site in which she called you a liar, and claimed you were actually involved in the crime you witnessed? ",
"Just ponder on that for a moment”\n\nAug 28, 2011 9:27:00 AM\n\n“…Where is your sense of shame or decency in accusing innocent witnesses of being involved in covering up the death of a child?",
"\n\nI see no shame or decency on here - just an utter indifference to the rights or feelings of others.",
"\n\nI notice no-one had the balls to answer my question about how you would feel if this was done to you - if you were a witness to a crime and some deranged cow on the internet accused you of being involved. ",
"You are all a complete disgrace.”",
"\n\nAug 28, 2011 1:09:00 PM\n\nFOOT IN THE MOUTH DISEASE\n\nInsane (Nov 14, 2012 11:37:00 PM):\n\nOh look here - amazing what one can find out by means of a couple of emails to Mark Warner.",
"\n\nYou are toast, lady. ",
"Finished.",
"\n\nI am going to enjoy this more than is actually decent.",
"\n\nTextusa (Nov 15, 2012 8:50:00 AM):\n\nWell it seems that you're quite privy with the Ocean Club aren't you?",
"\n\nThem giving YOU the information about their own mails?",
"\n\nAnd you threatening us based on information that YOU apparently got from the Ocean Club.",
"\n\nThat's really interesting, isn't it?",
"\n\nInsane (Nov 15, 2012 10:47:00 PM):\n\nOne thing I really like about Mark Warner is how helpful their staff are. ",
"Really go the extra mile for someone needing information. ",
"IYKWIM\n\n:)\n\nTextusa (Nov 16, 2012 11:17:00 AM):\n\nThank you for confirming that Mark Warner Staff are supplying YOU with information pertaining the Maddie Affair.",
"\n\nInsane's Moment of Rare Beauty\n\n“It would be more suspicious if every account tallied. ",
"Police expect to find contradictions, don't tell me you did not know this?” (",
"Nov 22, 2012 3:38:00 PM), when providing an opinion on contradictions from various statements in the PJ Files.",
"\n\n“I don't give a rat's arse about the statements which tally too closely - of course some of them tally too closely, there is an in depth analysis of them on my blog, the one you are not invited to.” (",
"Nov 22, 2012 4:08:00 PM), when, exactly 30 minutes later, provides an opposite opinion, in this case about the fact that some of Tapas' Staff's statements tally too closely.",
"\n\nInsane the Entrepeneur?",
"\n\n\"I'd love to stay, but I have a report to write, and it won't do itself, will it?\" (",
"Nov 29, 2012 8:14:00 PM)Insane the Disruptor, a new profession shown inNew Career Opportunities\n\nInsane's Proposal for a New Legal Disclaimer\n\nTextusa's new disclaimer. ",
"Please ignore all previous versions\n\n''This blog expresses exclusively the exchange of ideas and opinions between people who have sniffed WAY too many solvents, and the imaginary people who live at the bottom of their garden, and so is not responsible for the enormous fines, possible imprisonment, or lifelong incarceration in a mental hospital which may result from it's content, as although it is on the interclickyweb, it is of a private nature, accompanied only by the voices in their heads, very much like any other conversation which takes place in a psychiatric ward between people rocking backwards and forwards in their seat and eating the wallcoverings, where FREEDOM OF SPEECH is exercised in the half hour per day of free association which the inmates are allowed.",
"''Comment NOT published but submitted on Aug 22, 2011 10:17:00 PM\n\nKate's Round Table\n\nINSANE'S BLOG\n\nWe waited so long for the link...\n\nA possible explanation for the wait: \"As I have made perfectly clear, you and your sort will never have access to my blog. ",
"We are particular about who we invite, and would not include screaming harpies and riff-faff like yourself.",
"\"unpublished comment from Insane at Nov 23, 2012 10:55:00 AM\n\nThen, a glimmer of hope?“Publishing elsewhere the posts Textusa refuses to publish is also appropriate - and also gives you fools a chance to read what she withholds from you, knowing that you would desert her if you were aware of how much trouble she leads you into.” (",
"Nov 29, 2012 12:40:00 PM)\n\nNo, it wasn’t to be so… :“For the last time, you will never be provided with a link for my blog - you are not welcome there and will never be given access”(Nov 29, 2012 1:38:00 PM)"
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"Q:\n\nNginx redirect to different IP based on port number\n\nI have multiple HTTP servers (IoT stuff) connected to a Raspberry Pi with a Nginx instance. ",
"I want to proxy the access to those servers through Nginx by using its IP address and multiple ports:\n192.168.1.100:8080 -> 192.168.2.80\n192.168.1.100:8081 -> 192.168.2.81\n...\n\nI have this configuration in Nginx which works:\nserver {\n listen 8080;\n location / {\n proxy_pass http://192.168.2.80;\n ..... extra config\n }\n}\n\nHowever, I don't want to write a separate config entry for every possible address since there can be many and I have to add for each some extra config settings which I don't want to repeat. ",
"I know I can add multiple listen ports in the same server configuration, but is there any way to extract the port number and use it to rewrite the proxy_pass address?",
"\n\nA:\n\nEDIT:\nAn automatic port -> IP address mapping might work like this:\nmap $server_port $upstream {\n \"~^80(?<dest>[0-9+])$\" 192.168.2.$dest;\n}\n\nHere a regular expression capture is used to capture the latter part of port number into variable, and then the variable is used in the destination string.",
"\n\nI haven't tested this myself, but it should work.",
"\nFirst, you need to define a map in the http level, which maps port numbers to proxy endpoints:\nmap $server_port $upstream {\n 8080 192.168.2.80;\n 8081 192.168.2.81;\n 8082 192.168.2.82;\n ...\n}\n\nYou might need to add a default line to the map.",
"\nThen, in the server level, you add the following:\nlisten 8080;\nlisten 8081;\nlisten 8082;\n\nlocation / {\n proxy_pass http://$upstream;\n}\n\nThis setup makes a single server block listen to multiple ports, and when using the mapped variable as proxy_pass destination, it will make nginx send the request to desired destination.",
"\n\n"
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"As Boots discovered, the morning-after pill is now a lifestyle choice\n\nShare\n\nWell Boots has climbed down in a battle it was never going to win against Twitter, the mouthy MP Jess Philips and the abortion providers, BPAS, about giving out the morning-after pill ad lib, and as cheap as chips. ",
"But in what way, exactly, was Boots ‘infantilising women’, as Ms Philips had it, by being reluctant to make it as accessible as Nurofen?",
"\n\nIt all began when BPAS wrote to Boots’ head pharmacist, Marc Donovan, pointing out that generic versions of the Levonelle brand of emergency hormonal contraception can be bought cheaply by pharmacies and can retail for as little as £5.50 in France. ",
"By comparison, Boots charges £26.75 for its own version.",
"\n\nMr Donovan wrote back to say that if Boots did make the pill cheap as chips it could be ‘accused of incentivising inappropriate use’. ",
"Cue for the explosion of tweets from Jess Philips and that bit of the female commentariat which sees anything that could restrict sexual freedom as inherently fascist. ",
"The BPAS campaign was backed – of course – by the Women’s Parliamentary Labour Party which is talking ominously about a boycott of Boots. ",
"It’s the kind of idiot issue – like Stella Creasy’s high-handed bid to override the abortion law in Northern Ireland – which now passes for proper politics.",
"\n\nI’d be absolutely delighted, myself, if I thought that Boots’ stance was based on serious moral concerns about the misuse of Emergency Hormonal Contraceptives – which don’t, obviously, prevent conception, just implantation of a fertilised ovum (so in a different moral category from condoms).",
"\n\nWhat Boots may well have found on the ground is that emergency contraception isn’t emergency; it’s being used routinely, with obvious implications for sexually transmitted diseases which, my clap consultant friend tells me, have gone into orbit, as you might expect when promiscuity doesn’t go hand in hand – if that’s the phrase – with prophylactics. ",
"It’s preferable to outright abortion, but that’s all that you can say for it.",
"\n\nIt’s not infantilising women if pharmacists were to suggest that responsible sexual behaviour is preferable to emergency contraception, so called; but you can’t say so. ",
"Jess Philips has tweeted ‘I welcome apology from Boots their initial response unfortunate, really glad we don’t just stay silent, shrug & accept that stuff’. ",
"Staying silent isn’t anyone’s strong suit nowadays. ",
"Still it spares me the trouble of going out of my way to shop more at Boots to make up for the WPLP’s boycott. ",
"Now, how about looking at BPAS and how rigorously it and other abortion providers conform with the quite stringent requirements of the Abortion Act when it comes to signing off on abortions – or pre-natal homicide if you prefer? ",
"Over to…whom, exactly?"
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"Inverleigh Football Club\n\nThe Inverleigh Football Netball Club, nicknamed the Hawks, is an Australian rules football and netball club based in the rural township of Inverleigh, Victoria. ",
"From 1970 to 1995, the town was the base for the \"Leigh Districts Football Club\".",
"\n\nThe football squad has competed in the Geelong DFL since its re-formation in 2002.",
"\n\nInverleigh played in the Leigh District Football Association (1914–1925), Polwarth Football Association (1926), Matheson Trophy (1927–1935), Geelong Sub-District Football League (1936), Elliot Cup (1938–1952) and finally the Geelong & District Football League (1954-1995). ",
"\n\nA merger in 1970 with Stonehaven formed the Leigh Districts Football Club.",
"\n\nThe club reformed in 2002, now known as the Inverleigh Football Club. ",
"Initially, the club struggled to gain admission to the Geelong & District Football League. ",
"The club had to have at least 70 registered footballers, as well as field a netball team (despite the town not having any netball courts). ",
"In the 2016 season, Inverleigh finished third of twelve teams. ",
"Notable players to represent The Hawks include Michael “The Weapon” Allan. ",
"Michael received All Australian honours in 2019.",
"\n\nPremierships\n\nLeigh Districts Football Club\n\nReference:\n\nBibliography\n Cat Country: History of Football In The Geelong Region by John Stoward –\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n Official website\n\nCategory:Geelong & District Football League clubs\nCategory:Sports clubs established in 2002\nCategory:2002 establishments in Australia\nCategory:Australian netball teams"
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"The axon is a specialized appendage of the nerve cell that lacks visable ribosomes; yet, it is capable of extramitochondrial protein synthesis. ",
"The purpose of the proposed investigation is to study the macromolecular machinery concerned with renewal and growth of the axon and to ascertain the roles of the cell body, Schwann cell and peripheral field of innervation in controlling and regulating this machinery. ",
"The specific aims are: (1) to fractionate and to characterize the protein synthesizing machinery of the axon; (2) to microfractionate axonal proteins synthesized locally and compare them with those synthesized in cell bodies or Schwann cells and transported to the axon; (3) to microfractionate and compare proteins synthesized in the normal axon with those synthesized in regenerating axon terminals; (4) to microfractionate and compare proteins transported to the axon from normal and chromatolysed nerve cell bodies; (5) to microfractionate and compare RNA classes synthesized in normal nerve cells with those synthesized in chromatolysed nerve cells; (6) to ascertain the origin of axonal RNA; (7) to characterize and compare RNA classes synthesized in Schwann cells from regions of normal nerve, injured nerve, and decentralized portion of nerve after Wallerian degeneration; and (8) to ascertain the roles of the cell bodies and local Schwann cells in causing the circumscribed stimulation of protein synthesis of regenerating axon terminals."
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[
"/**\n * @fileoverview Operator linebreak - enforces operator linebreak style of two types: after and before\n * @author Benoît Zugmeyer\n */\n\n\"use strict\";\n\n//------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n// Requirements\n//------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nconst astUtils = require(\"../ast-utils\");\n\n//------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n// Rule Definition\n//------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nmodule.exports = {\n meta: {\n docs: {\n description: \"enforce consistent linebreak style for operators\",\n category: \"Stylistic Issues\",\n recommended: false\n },\n\n schema: [\n {\n enum: [\"after\", \"before\", \"none\", null]\n },\n {\n type: \"object\",\n properties: {\n overrides: {\n type: \"object\",\n properties: {\n anyOf: {\n type: \"string\",\n enum: [\"after\", \"before\", \"none\", \"ignore\"]\n }\n }\n }\n },\n additionalProperties: false\n }\n ],\n\n fixable: \"code\"\n },\n\n create(context) {\n\n const usedDefaultGlobal = !",
"context.options[0];\n const globalStyle = context.options[0] || \"after\";\n const options = context.options[1] || {};\n const styleOverrides = options.overrides ? ",
"Object.assign({}, options.overrides) : {};\n\n if (usedDefaultGlobal && !",
"styleOverrides[\"?\"]) {",
"\n styleOverrides[\"?\"] ",
"= \"before\";\n }\n\n if (usedDefaultGlobal && !",
"styleOverrides[\":\"]) {\n styleOverrides[\":\"] = \"before\";\n }\n\n const sourceCode = context.getSourceCode();\n\n //--------------------------------------------------------------------------\n // Helpers\n //--------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n /**\n * Gets a fixer function to fix rule issues\n * @param {Token} operatorToken The operator token of an expression\n * @param {string} desiredStyle The style for the rule. ",
"One of 'before', 'after', 'none'\n * @returns {Function} A fixer function\n */\n function getFixer(operatorToken, desiredStyle) {\n return fixer => {\n const tokenBefore = sourceCode.getTokenBefore(operatorToken);\n const tokenAfter = sourceCode.getTokenAfter(operatorToken);\n const textBefore = sourceCode.text.slice(tokenBefore.range[1], operatorToken.range[0]);\n const textAfter = sourceCode.text.slice(operatorToken.range[1], tokenAfter.range[0]);\n const hasLinebreakBefore = !",
"astUtils.isTokenOnSameLine(tokenBefore, operatorToken);\n const hasLinebreakAfter = !",
"astUtils.isTokenOnSameLine(operatorToken, tokenAfter);\n let newTextBefore, newTextAfter;\n\n if (hasLinebreakBefore !",
"== hasLinebreakAfter && desiredStyle !",
"== \"none\") {\n\n // If there is a comment before and after the operator, don't do a fix.",
"\n if (sourceCode.getTokenBefore(operatorToken, { includeComments: true }) !",
"== tokenBefore && sourceCode.getTokenAfter(operatorToken, { includeComments: true }) !",
"== tokenAfter) {\n return null;\n }\n\n /*\n * If there is only one linebreak and it's on the wrong side of the operator, swap the text before and after the operator.",
"\n * foo &&\n * bar\n * would get fixed to\n * foo\n * && bar\n */\n newTextBefore = textAfter;\n newTextAfter = textBefore;\n } else {\n const LINEBREAK_REGEX = astUtils.createGlobalLinebreakMatcher();\n\n // Otherwise, if no linebreak is desired and no comments interfere, replace the linebreaks with empty strings.",
"\n newTextBefore = desiredStyle === \"before\" || textBefore.trim() ? ",
"textBefore : textBefore.replace(LINEBREAK_REGEX, \"\");\n newTextAfter = desiredStyle === \"after\" || textAfter.trim() ? ",
"textAfter : textAfter.replace(LINEBREAK_REGEX, \"\");\n\n // If there was no change (due to interfering comments), don't output a fix.",
"\n if (newTextBefore === textBefore && newTextAfter === textAfter) {\n return null;\n }\n }\n\n if (newTextAfter === \"\" && tokenAfter.type === \"Punctuator\" && \"+-\".includes(operatorToken.value) && tokenAfter.value === operatorToken.value) {\n\n // To avoid accidentally creating a ++ or -- operator, insert a space if the operator is a +/- and the following token is a unary +/-.",
"\n newTextAfter += \" \";\n }\n\n return fixer.replaceTextRange([tokenBefore.range[1], tokenAfter.range[0]], newTextBefore + operatorToken.value + newTextAfter);\n };\n }\n\n /**\n * Checks the operator placement\n * @param {ASTNode} node The node to check\n * @param {ASTNode} leftSide The node that comes before the operator in `node`\n * @private\n * @returns {void}\n */\n function validateNode(node, leftSide) {\n\n // When the left part of a binary expression is a single expression wrapped in\n // parentheses (ex: `(a) + b`), leftToken will be the last token of the expression\n // and operatorToken will be the closing parenthesis.",
"\n // The leftToken should be the last closing parenthesis, and the operatorToken\n // should be the token right after that.",
"\n const operatorToken = sourceCode.getTokenAfter(leftSide, astUtils.isNotClosingParenToken);\n const leftToken = sourceCode.getTokenBefore(operatorToken);\n const rightToken = sourceCode.getTokenAfter(operatorToken);\n const operator = operatorToken.value;\n const operatorStyleOverride = styleOverrides[operator];\n const style = operatorStyleOverride || globalStyle;\n const fix = getFixer(operatorToken, style);\n\n // if single line\n if (astUtils.isTokenOnSameLine(leftToken, operatorToken) &&\n astUtils.isTokenOnSameLine(operatorToken, rightToken)) {\n\n // do nothing.",
"\n\n } else if (operatorStyleOverride !",
"== \"ignore\" && !",
"astUtils.isTokenOnSameLine(leftToken, operatorToken) &&\n !",
"astUtils.isTokenOnSameLine(operatorToken, rightToken)) {\n\n // lone operator\n context.report({\n node,\n loc: {\n line: operatorToken.loc.end.line,\n column: operatorToken.loc.end.column\n },\n message: \"Bad line breaking before and after '{{operator}}'.\",",
"\n data: {\n operator\n },\n fix\n });\n\n } else if (style === \"before\" && astUtils.isTokenOnSameLine(leftToken, operatorToken)) {\n\n context.report({\n node,\n loc: {\n line: operatorToken.loc.end.line,\n column: operatorToken.loc.end.column\n },\n message: \"'{{operator}}' should be placed at the beginning of the line.\",",
"\n data: {\n operator\n },\n fix\n });\n\n } else if (style === \"after\" && astUtils.isTokenOnSameLine(operatorToken, rightToken)) {\n\n context.report({\n node,\n loc: {\n line: operatorToken.loc.end.line,\n column: operatorToken.loc.end.column\n },\n message: \"'{{operator}}' should be placed at the end of the line.\",",
"\n data: {\n operator\n },\n fix\n });\n\n } else if (style === \"none\") {\n\n context.report({\n node,\n loc: {\n line: operatorToken.loc.end.line,\n column: operatorToken.loc.end.column\n },\n message: \"There should be no line break before or after '{{operator}}'.\",",
"\n data: {\n operator\n },\n fix\n });\n\n }\n }\n\n /**\n * Validates a binary expression using `validateNode`\n * @param {BinaryExpression|LogicalExpression|AssignmentExpression} node node to be validated\n * @returns {void}\n */\n function validateBinaryExpression(node) {\n validateNode(node, node.left);\n }\n\n //--------------------------------------------------------------------------\n // Public\n //--------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n return {\n BinaryExpression: validateBinaryExpression,\n LogicalExpression: validateBinaryExpression,\n AssignmentExpression: validateBinaryExpression,\n VariableDeclarator(node) {\n if (node.init) {\n validateNode(node, node.id);\n }\n },\n ConditionalExpression(node) {\n validateNode(node, node.test);\n validateNode(node, node.consequent);\n }\n };\n }\n};\n"
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[
"Presently, there exist many types of imaging systems for searching object space considered to be potential targets and providing target position information to a computer for processing and then provided to a weapons delivery system to initiate and guide projectiles and/or missiles to the selected target. ",
"Such target position information may also be provided to a visual display device, such as a cathode ray tube or the like, allowing visual review of the selected target to aid the computer operator in the identification and prioritization of the selected target(s).",
"\nMany radar systems and subsystems have been developed for searching hemispherical object space, particularly ground based, vehicle mounted and ship mounted systems. ",
"Unfortunately, electro-optical systems for searching hemispherical space has been extremely limited.",
"\nMore particularly, electro-optical scanning systems typically have extremely limited fields of view (FOV) on the order of two to ten degrees determined by the scanner mechanism in a forward looking Infar-Red (FLIR). ",
"The narrow field of view substantially inhibits the use of the FLIR as an electro-optical searching system to seek out and locate targets within a wide field of search.",
"\nOne attempt to utilize FLIR with its incorporated scanning subsystem having narrow fields of view for searching is to mount the entire sensor onto an oscillating and rotating gimbal assembly, commonly referred to as a platform, such that the entire FLIR or other electro-optical sensor of the system is panned in an X and Y direction to search a portion of object space within a predefined field of search (FOS). ",
"However, in addition to the complexity of the platform itself, the concept of mounting a sensor onto an oscillating and rotating platform is tremendously hampered for two major reasons.",
"\nFirst, the mercury-cadmium-tellurium detectors commonly used in a FLIR require cryogenic cooling during operation. ",
"Cryogenic cooling sources must, because of their weight, be mounted off the platform and connected to the FLIR without interfering with the rotational and elevational movement of the platform. ",
"The difficulty of implementing such connection between the cryogenic source and the FLIR, and the multitude of electrical interfaces and the like, dramatically increases as the field of search of the platform increases. ",
"Consequently, platform-mounted electro-optical scanners usually include very limited fields of search. ",
"A second significant problem with electro-optical imaging systems, is the fact that they incorporate scanning devices in and of themselves. ",
"While staring systems (with mosaic detectors) are being developed for some wavelengths, commonly implemented scanning systems tend to, and will, smear the image, when panned azimuthally and elevationally. ",
"The quality of target detection and recognition thereby degrades while increasing the false alarm rate.",
"\nTherefore, it is an object of this invention to provide an apparatus and method which overcomes the aforementioned inadequacies of the prior art devices-and methods and provides an improvement which is a significant contribution to the advancement of the art of electro-optical and mechanical imaging systems.",
"\nAnother object of this invention is to provide means for utilizing conventional and operational state of the art electro-optical components and design to search large areas of object space such as hemispherical object space.",
"\nAnother object of this invention is to provide means for searching hemispherical object space with conventional electro-optical scanners in such a manner that smearing of the image is minimized, and practically eliminated allowing a better recognition and visibility of the image on a computer system, during the search.",
"\nAnother object of this invention is to provide an electro-optical system including a non-rotating and non-inclining stationary electro-optical sensor thereby eliminating complex platform designs and interfaces between the sensor and the support equipment such as cryogenic coolers, computers, power supplies and the like.",
"\nThe foregoing has outlined some of the more pertinent objects of the invention. ",
"These objects should be construed to be merely illustrative of some of the more prominent features and applications of the intended invention. ",
"Many other beneficial results can be obtained by applying the disclosed invention in a different manner or modifying the invention within the scope of the disclosure. ",
"Accordingly, other objects and a fuller understanding of the invention may be had by referring to the summary of the invention and the detailed description of the preferred embodiment in addition to the scope of the invention defined by the claims taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.",
"\nIt must be known that these possible different usages or modifications of the invention stay in the field and scope of the invention of the apparatus and method for use in conjunction with an electro-optical sensor for searching and scanning the hemispherical object space to find and locate potential targets."
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[
"Q:\n\nWie sagt man \"to restring\" auf Deutsch?",
"\n\nDie Saiten meiner Gitarren sind alt und müssen aufgezogen werden.",
"\n\nEs gibt hier ein weiteres Verb mit demselben Sinn von \"to restring\", was \"neu besaiten\" ist. ",
"\n\nMeine Gitarrensaiten müssen nach jedem Konzert besaitet werden.",
"\n\nIch weiß nicht, welches Verb hier das richtige ist.",
"\n\nA:\n\nDie Gitarre muss neu besaitet werden, nicht die Saiten selbst. ",
"Im ersten Satz fehlt das \"neu\": \n\nDie Saiten meiner Gitarren sind alt und müssen neu aufgezogen werden.",
"\n\nOhne neu vermutet man, dass das Instrument gar keine Saiten hat, bislang, bzw. ",
"dass aus irgendeinem Grund die alten Saiten erneut aufgezogen werden sollen (Kein Geld für neue vorhanden oder die neuen sind ein Fehlkauf - vielleicht Klaviersaiten). ",
"\n\nA:\n\nMan würde auch sagen\n\nMeine Gitarre muss nach jedem Konzert neu besaitet werden.",
"\n\noder\n\nIch muss nach jedem Konzert neue Saiten auf meine Gitarre aufziehen.",
"\n\nAber nicht:\n\nMeine Gitarrensaiten müssen nach jedem Konzert besaitet werden.",
"\n\nMan besaitet ein Instrument, nicht dessen Saiten.",
"\n\n"
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[
"---\nabstract: 'We propose a novel technique for answering routing queries in public transportation networks that allows unrestricted walking. ",
"We consider several types of queries: earliest arrival time, Pareto-optimal journeys regarding arrival time, number of transfers and walking time, and profile, i.e. finding all Pareto-optimal journeys regarding travel time and arrival time in a given time interval. ",
"Our techniques uses hub labeling to represent unlimited foot transfers and can be adapted to both classical algorithms RAPTOR and CSA. ",
"We obtain significant speedup compared to the state-of-the-art approach based on contraction hierarchies.'",
"\nauthor:\n- 'Duc-Minh Phan'\n- Laurent Viennot\nbibliography:\n- 'arxiv.bib'\ntitle: Fast Public Transit Routing with Unrestricted Walking through Hub Labeling\n---\n\n[**Keywords:** Route planning, Public transportation, Hub labeling.]{}",
"\n\nIntroduction {#s:intro}\n============\n\nDespite remarkable progress of route planning algorithms in road networks [@road-survey], public transit routing still requires specific algorithms due to its temporal nature. ",
"Various efficient methods were proposed such as CSA [@csa], RAPTOR [@raptor], Transfer Pattern [@transfer-pattern; @scalable-transfer-pattern], PTL [@ptl]. ",
"They all consider a graph with two types of edges: the connections that correspond to a vehicle traveling from a stop to the next one, and the transfers that correspond to walking from a stop to another nearby stop. ",
"While each connection is scanned only once per query, transfer edges from a stop are considered each time an event is detected at the stop. ",
"Efficiency of such techniques thus relies on the sparsity of the transfer graph. ",
"Additionally, they all share the requirement that the graph resulting from walking transfers is transitively closed and are generally experimented with a sparse transfer graph by restricting transfers to very short distances only. ",
"Allowing unrestricted transfers, that is walking from a stop to any other stop, is indeed out of reach with these methods although it would allow to find better answers. ",
"Indeed, recent work [@DBLP:conf/atmos/WagnerZ17] shows the benefit of using unrestricted walking over sparse transfers by measuring that it can reduce travel time by hours in Switzerland and Germany networks.",
"\n\nThis paper is devoted to enable unrestricted walking in efficient public transit routing. ",
"The motivation for considering unrestricted walking goes beyond the gain of quality in the answers. ",
"It is indeed a fundamental step towards computing multimodal journeys as it is considered as a main bottleneck in [@multimod-raptor]. ",
"Note that bicycle or taxi transfers can be handled similarly as walking transfers with different speed and cost. ",
"Techniques developed for unrestricted walking can thus generalize to other modes of transportation.",
"\n\nA first step towards unrestricted walking was made by MCR [@multimod-raptor] and UCCH [@ucch] algorithms that both use a contracted version of the full walking graph, inspired by contraction hierarchies [@CH], for representing the full walking graph which is much bigger. ",
"However, this contracted graph is not transitively closed and has to be globally scanned several times during a query. ",
"Accelerating such computations with unrestricted walking is still challenging as multi-criteria or profile queries require seconds to be performed on practical networks with these methods.",
"\n\nIn static graphs such as road networks, hub labeling [@hub-labeling; @hub-labeling-journal] (also called 2-hop labeling [@cohen]) is a remarkable technique that achieves state-of-art response-time to shortest path queries. ",
"It consists in selecting for each node a small set of access nodes called hubs such that any shortest path can be described as a two hop travel through a common hub of the extremities. ",
"Intersecting the two lists of hubs of a source and a destination indeed allows to find efficiently the shortest path between them. ",
"Such technique was used in PTL [@ptl] on the time expanded graph representation of a network to obtain fast transit routing. ",
"A similar approach is followed by TTL [@ttl] which revisits hierarchical hub labeling [@hierarchical-hub-labeling] in the context of public transit networks. ",
"However, these approaches still assume sparse transfers. ",
"Note that the time expanded graph representation duplicates transfer edges from a stop for all events at that stop, and its size can blow up with dense transfer graphs.",
"\n\nIn this work, we propose a new approach for handling unrestricted walking in public transit routing based on a different usage of hub labeling. ",
"It basically consists in decomposing walking transfers into two consecutive hops. ",
"We use hub labeling in the classical setting of a static graph but in a novel manner compared to distance or shortest path queries: we scan hub lists to propagate reachability information. ",
"Interestingly, the technique can easily be adapted to both RAPTOR and CSA based algorithms which are the two main classical approaches with restricted transfers. ",
"HLRaptor, our variant of RAPTOR obtains significant speedup compared to MCR. ",
"HLCSA, our variant of CSA obtains competitive running times for earliest arrival time and profile queries.",
"\n\nThe paper is organized as follows. ",
"Section \\[s:preliminaries\\] defines public transit networks, describes briefly RAPTOR and CSA algorithms, and introduces hub labeling. ",
"Sections \\[s:hlraptor\\] and \\[s:hlcsa\\] present HLRaptor and HLCSA respectively. ",
"We describe in Section \\[s:transit-data\\] public transit data used to evaluate our algorithms. ",
"The results of our experiments are presented in Section \\[s:experiments\\].",
"\n\nPreliminaries {#s:preliminaries}\n=============\n\nWe define a public transit network with a triple $(S,T,R)$ representing trips of vehicles (buses, trains, etc.): ",
"$S$ is the set of *stops* where passengers can enter or disembark from a vehicle, $T$ is the set of trips made by vehicles and are grouped into routes represented by the set $R$. More precisely, a *trip* $t$ is given by a sequence of stops served by a vehicle and for each stop $u$ in the sequence, an arrival time $\\tau_{arr}(t,u)$ of the vehicle at stop $u$ and a departure time $\\tau_{dep}(t,u)$ of the vehicle from stop $u$. A *route* $r$ consists in a set of trips with same stop sequence. ",
"This set of trips can be represented by a two-dimensional timetable where each line lists the arrival and departure times $\\tau_{arr}(t,u),\\tau_{dep}(t,u)$ of a trip $t$ for all stops $u$ in the sequence. ",
"Note that the sequence of times listed in a line is non-decreasing. ",
"Similarly to RAPTOR authors [@raptor], we assume that no trip of a route can overtake another trip of the same route. ",
"In other words, the lines of the timetable can be sorted so that each column is non-decreasing. ",
"This property can easily be enforced by splitting the set of trips with same stop sequence into smaller subsets of trips if necessary.",
"\n\nThe public transit network is complemented by a weighted footpath graph $G=(V,E,\\tau_w)$ with $S\\subseteq V$, and $\\tau_w(u,v)$ denotes the time needed to walk from a node $u$ to a node $v$. In the unrestricted walking setting, the graph is not assumed to be transitively closed and we expect that $V$ is much larger than $S$. Each edge $(u,v)\\in E$ typically corresponds to a segment of street than can be traversed by walking. ",
"We let $d_G(u,v)$ denote the length of a shortest path in $G$ from $u$ to $v$, i.e., the minimum walking time from $u$ to $v$.\n\nWe consider several journey computation problems. ",
"Given a source stop $s$ and a target stop $t$, a *journey* from $s$ to $t$ is an alternating sequence of trips and footpaths in the public transit network, which starts with $s$ and ends with $t$. The goal of public transit planning is to compute journeys from $s$ to $t$ optimizing one or several criteria. ",
"Given a departure time $\\tau$, an *earliest arrival time* query consists in computing a journey with minimum arrival time at $t$ that departs from $s$ at $\\tau$ or later. ",
"In a *multi-criteria* query, we are additionally interested in the number of transfers and the overall walking time of the journey, and ask for all Pareto-optimal journeys. ",
"Recall that a journey is Pareto-optimal if no other journey is better on one criterion and at least as good on all criteria. ",
"In a *profile* (or *range*) query, we ask for journeys whose departure time falls within a given time interval while optimizing both departure time and arrival time (where later departure time is considered better). ",
"The required answer again consists in all Pareto-optimal journeys within the given time interval.",
"\n\nThe RAPTOR algorithm and its variants [@raptor; @multimod-raptor] compute journeys starting from a given stop at a given time in rounds, where each round extends partial journeys by one trip. ",
"More precisely, each round consists of two phases: the first phase explores each route of the public transit network and extends partial journeys arriving at stops served by a route using the first trip arriving at each stop. ",
"In the second phase, each partial journey arriving at a stop is extended by walking paths from that stop. ",
"In the regular RAPTOR version [@raptor], single-edge paths only are considered and the footpath graph is assumed to be transitively closed. ",
"In the unrestricted walking setting [@multimod-raptor], a multi-source Dijkstra is performed on a contracted version of the footpath graph in order to find all stops whose arrival times can be improved by walking from the stops that were scanned during the first phase.",
"\n\nThe Connection Scan Algorithm (CSA) [@csa] breaks each trip into consecutive *connections*, which represent a vehicle traveling from a stop to the next one in the stop sequence of the trip. ",
"All connections are sorted by departure times in a pre-computation step. ",
"The algorithm scans all the connections and transfers to update the earliest arrival time at each reachable stops. ",
"More precisely, for each connection $c$ in increasing order of departure time, we need to check whether a passenger can travel on $c$ or not: either the trip containing $c$ has been reached earlier, or we can arrive at the departure stop of $c$ before its departure time. ",
"Then we update the arrival time at the arrival stop of $c$ if necessary, and scan the footpath transfers from the arrival stop of $c$. Similarly to RAPTOR, CSA also requires the footpath graph to be transitively closed.",
"\n\n*Two-hop labeling* [@cohen], or equivalently, *hub labeling* [@hub-labeling; @hub-labeling-journal], for a (weighted, directed) graph $G$ consists in assigning two subsets of nodes $H_-(u)$ and $H_+(v)$ to each node $u$. Nodes in $H_-(u)$ (resp. ",
"$H_+(u)$) are called *in-hubs* (resp. *",
"out-hubs*) and serve as intermediate nodes to reach $u$ (resp. ",
"to leave $u$). ",
"The following *two-hop* property is required: for any pair $u,v$ of nodes, there must exist a common hub $h\\in H_+(u)\\cap H_-(v)$ lying on a shortest path from $u$ to $v$, i.e., satisfying $d_G(u,h)+d_G(h,v)=d_G(u,v)$. Equivalently, $H_+$ (resp. ",
"$H_-$) can be seen as a graph with vertex set $V$ and edges $(u,v)$ with weight $d_G(u,v)$ for every pair $u,v$ such that $v\\in H_+(u)$ (resp. ",
"$u\\in H_-(v)$). ",
"The two-hop property can then be stated as $H_+ \\cdot H_- = G^*$, where $G^*$ denotes the transitive closure of $G$ and $\\cdot$ denotes the graph product resulting from the $(\\min,+)$-matrix product of adjacency matrices (the weight of an edge $(u,w)$ in $H_+ \\cdot H_-$ is $\\min_{v\\in H_+(u)\\cap H_-(w)} d_G(u,v)+d_G(v,w)$). ",
"In other words, any shortest path in $G$ corresponds to a two-hop path in $H_+\\cup H_-$. The interest for such representation comes from the fact that it is possible to compute very small hub sets (less than 100 nodes on average) in large road networks and footpath graphs [@massive], and thereby obtain the fastest known practical oracles for computing distances and shortest paths in such networks [@road-survey].",
"\n\nHLRaptor: RAPTOR with Two-Hop Transfers {#s:hlraptor}\n=======================================\n\nUsing a hub labeling $H_-,H_+$ of the footpath graph $G$, we propose the following modification of RAPTOR that we call HLRaptor. ",
"We replace the second phase of a round by two sub-phases: in the first sub-phase we scan every stop $u$ for which arrival time $\\tau_u$ was improved in the regular first phase of the round, and update arrival time at its out-hubs $h\\in H_+(u)$ to $\\min{\\left\\{{\\tau_h, \\tau_u + \\tau_w(u,h)}\\right\\}}$. In the second sub-phase, we scan every hub $h$ whose arrival time was improved in the first sub-phase and update arrival time at nodes $v$ such that $h\\in H_-(v)$ to $\\min{\\left\\{{\\tau_v, \\tau_h + \\tau_w(h,v)}\\right\\}}$.\n\nThe correctness of HLRaptor comes from the two-hop property of the hub labeling that ensures $H_+\\cdot H_-=G^*$. Our two sub-phases using $H_+$ and $H_-$ are thus equivalent to the second phase of the regular RAPTOR algorithm using the transitive closure $G^*$ of $G$. However, its performance depends on the out-degrees of $H_+$ and $H_-$ rather than that of $G^*$.\n\n### Target pruning optimization.",
"\n\nThe lists $H_-^{-1}(h)={\\left\\{{v \\mid h\\in H_-(v)}\\right\\}}$ and $H_+(u)$ can be pre-computed for all $u,h\\in V$. Additionally, these lists can be sorted according to walking time from $u$ (resp. ",
"$h$) in non-decreasing order. ",
"This enables a target pruning optimization where we stop scanning a list as soon as the arrival time computed for a node in the list exceeds the best arrival time known at the target.",
"\n\n### HLprRaptor: profile queries with HLRaptor.",
"\n\nWe can follow the same approach as [@DBLP:conf/atmos/WagnerZ17] to compute all Pareto-optimal journeys with respect to departure time and arrival time in a given interval of time. ",
"The difference is that we use HLRaptor instead of MCR. ",
"The idea is to use HLRaptor to compute the best arrival time $\\tau_a$ when starting at a givent time $\\tau$. Then we use a reverse version of HLRaptor (or simply a reversed version of the transit data) to compute the last departure time $\\tau_d$ such that arrival at $\\tau_a$ is still possible. ",
"We then repeat this procedure for departure time $\\tau_d+{\\varepsilon}$ for sufficiently small ${\\varepsilon}$ (we simply use ${\\varepsilon}= 1$ second, which is the time unit in our datasets). ",
"We iterate this until all Pareto-optimal journeys in the given time interval have been found.",
"\n\n### HLmcRaptor: HLRaptor with multiple criteria.",
"\n\nTo deal with more criteria than arrival time and number of transfers, we can keep multiple non-dominating labels for each stop $u$ in round $k$ in a bag structure similarly to McRAPTOR [@raptor]. ",
"For each route $r$ with a stop improved in the previous round, we scan the first trip departing after any improved arrival time at a stop $u$ of the route and update bags accordingly at the stops served by the trip after $u$. In the second phase of the round, each newly inserted label is first propagated along out-hubs links and then newly inserted labels at hubs are propagated along in-hubs links similarly. ",
"We can adapt local and target pruning as in McRAPTOR. ",
"We can also adapt our target pruning optimization specific to HLRaptor to stop scanning hub lists as soon as the propagated label is dominated by the destination bag.",
"\n\nHLCSA: Connection Scan with Two-Hop Transfers {#s:hlcsa}\n=============================================\n\nGiven a hub labeling $H_+,H_-$ of the walking graph $G$, we propose the following modification of CSA. ",
"For an earliest arrival time query from $s$ to $t$, we first scan out-hubs $H_+(s)$ and update arrival time to them by walking from $s$. Similarly to CSA, we then scan connections by non-decreasing departure time. ",
"When considering a connection $c$, we first scan the in-hubs $H_-(u)$ of its departure stop $u$ and update the arrival time at $u$ through walking from a hub. ",
"The connection can be boarded if the trip has been marked as boarded or if the arrival time at $u$ plus the minimum transfer time at $u$ is no later than the departure time of $c$. In that case, we update the arrival time at the arrival stop $v$ of $c$ and scan its out-hubs $H_+(v)$ to update their arrival times through walking from $v$. Finally, we scan the in-hubs $H_-(t)$ of the destination $t$ and update the arrival time at $t$ by walking from any of them.",
"\n\nThe correctness of the algorithm comes again from the two-hop property of hubs. ",
"For any possible transfer from a connection $c$ to another connection $d$ in a journey, $c$ must be considered before $d$. Let $h$ denote a common hub for the arrival stop $u$ of $c$ and the departure stop $v$ of $d$ such that $d_G(u,v)=d_G(u,h)+d_G(h,v)$ according to the two-hop property. ",
"After $c$ is considered, arrival time at $h$ is thus no more than $\\tau+d_G(u,h)$, where $\\tau$ is the arrival time of $c$ at $u$ and $d_G(u,h)$ is the walking time from $u$ to $h$. When $d$ is then considered, arrival time to $v$ is updated to $\\tau+d_G(u,h)+d_G(h,v)=\\tau+d_G(u,v)$ as if a transfer from $u$ to $v$ had been considered. ",
"A similar reasoning applies for a journey starting with a walk from $s$ or ending with a walk to $t$. HLCSA thus behaves as in a regular CSA execution where all transitive transfers in $G^*$ would be considered.",
"\n\n### Optimization.",
"\n\nIn addition to all CSA classical optimizations, we can again sort out-hub lists in non-decreasing order of walking time, and apply target pruning similarly as in HLRaptor. ",
"In addition, we scan the in-hub list of the departure stop of a connection when the trip is not marked as boarded. ",
"Again, this list can be sorted by non-decreasing walking time and we stop scanning the list as soon as the walking time from the hub exceeds the estimated travel time to the departure stop (local pruning).",
"\n\n### HLprCSA: Profile queries with HLCSA.",
"\n\nSimilarly to the original extension of CSA to solve the profile problem [@csa], we store for each stop a bag containing Pareto-optimal pairs of departure time at stop with associated arrival time at destination. ",
"We also store such information for hubs. ",
"We also consider connections in non-increasing order of departure time. ",
"When scanning a connection $c$, we use the bags of the out-hubs of its arrival stop to obtain the best arrival time through walking after $c$. If the arrival time of the trip of $c$ is improved, we then update the bags of the in-hubs of the departure stop of $c$ for that arrival time with departure time corresponding to walking from the hub for boarding right in time the connection. ",
"We also scan in-hubs of the destination at the beginning of the procedure and out-hubs of the source at end in order to take care of walking from source and to destination. ",
"The correctness of the modification follows similar lines as for HLCSA.",
"\n\nPublic Transit Data {#s:transit-data}\n===================\n\nTo evaluate the algorithms, we use datasets from three locations: London, Paris, and Switzerland. ",
"The dataset for London was obtained from Transport for London [@TFL]. ",
"The dataset for Paris was obtained from Open Data RATP [@RATP]. ",
"And the dataset for Switzerland was provided by Wagner & Zündorf [@DBLP:conf/atmos/WagnerZ17][^1]. ",
"The extracted dates are 2015-11-06 for London and 2018-03-30 for Paris.",
"\n\nThe public transit data of Paris already has transfers between stops, we simply need to make the transfer graph transitively closed for appropriate use with RAPTOR and CSA. ",
"However, the dataset of London does not have transfers, thus we have created transfers by linking any pair of stops separated by 75 meters of walk one from another. ",
"This threshold was chosen to obtain a transitively closed transfer graph with similar size as in previous works. ",
"The graph obtained by transitive closure of restricted transfers is called *transfer graph* in the sequel.",
"\n\nThe footpath graphs for London and Paris were extracted from Geofabrik’s data [@Geo], which is itself extracted from OpenStreetMap’s data [@OSM]. ",
"We call *walking graph* the union of this unrestricted footpath graph and the transfer graph. ",
"The method to merge a stop of the public transit network into the walking graph is the following. ",
"For each stop $p$, we find the closest node $v$ in the walking graph. ",
"If the distance between $p$ and $v$ is less than 5 meters, we identify $p$ and $v$, connecting $p$ with the in- and out-neighbors of $v$ using the same weights. ",
"Otherwise, we find the 5 closest nodes of $p$ in the walking graph, and connect $p$ with those at distance 100 meters at most. ",
"If there are no nodes in the walking graph within the radius of 100 meters from $p$, then $p$ is isolated. ",
"Walking times are computed according to a walking speed of 4 km/h. provides statistics concerning the datasets. ",
"The columns stops and transfers provide the number of nodes and edges in the transitively closed restricted walking graph, while the last two columns give the numbers of vertices and edges in the unrestricted walking graphs.",
"\n\n routes trips events stops transfers vertices edges\n ------------- -------- -------- --------- ------- ----------- ---------- ---------\n London 1622 122593 4695285 19746 46566 281167 840880\n Paris 1973 78757 1915253 23519 362291 533470 1666386\n Switzerland 13930 369744 4740869 25427 38265 604230 1882551\n\n : Dataset statistics[]{data-label=\"tab:stats\"}\n\nWe computed hub labelings of the walking graphs using the sampling-based algorithm by Delling et al.",
" [@massive] (1-2h of pre-computation per graph). ",
"provides statistics on the degrees of transfer graphs vs. in-hubs and out-hubs graphs: $\\delta^+(Tr)$ and $\\Delta^+(Tr)$ designate the average and maximum out-degree resp. ",
"of the transfer graph $Tr$, $\\delta^+(H_+)$ and $\\Delta^+(H_+)$ designate the average and maximum out-degree resp. ",
"of the out-hub graph $H_+$, $\\delta^-(H_-)$ and $\\Delta^-(H_-)$ designate the average and maximum in-degree resp. ",
"of the in-hub graph $H_-$. We let $|H_+|$ and $|H_-|$ designate the number of edges in $H_+$ and $H_-$ resp. ",
"while $|V(H)|$ designates the number of hubs (including stops). ",
"We note that the size of hub lists is comparable to the number of events and their storage do not increase too much space requirements.",
"\n\n $\\scriptstyle\\delta^+(Tr)$ $\\scriptstyle\\Delta^+(Tr)$ $\\scriptstyle\\delta^+(H_+)$ $\\scriptstyle\\Delta^+(H_+)$ $\\scriptstyle\\delta^-(H_-)$ $\\scriptstyle\\Delta^-(H_-)$ $\\scriptstyle|V(H)|$ $\\scriptstyle|H_+|$ $\\scriptstyle|H_-|$\n ------------- ---------------------------- ---------------------------- ----------------------------- ----------------------------- ----------------------------- ----------------------------- ---------------------- --------------------- ---------------------\n London 2.36 20 70 150 71 142 65059 1393759 1395024\n Paris 15.4 205 118 196 118 210 60519 2770336 2798315\n Switzerland 1.5 26 78 229 79 230 117793 2005312 2005312\n\n : Transfers, out-hubs and in-hubs degrees.[]{data-label=\"tab:trans\"}\n\nWe also prepared two sets of roughly 1000 queries for each dataset. ",
"In the first one, source and destinations are selected independently uniformly at random among all stops similarly to experiments in [@raptor; @csa; @multimod-raptor]. ",
"In the second one, we select sources and destinations similarly to [@DBLP:conf/atmos/WagnerZ17]: one hundred sources are selected uniformly at random. ",
"For each source, we order the destinations by increasing walking distance and select a random one uniformly among those with rank in $[2^i,2^{i+1}]$ for $i=2\\ldots 14$. For Switzerland, we use exactly the same pairs as in [@DBLP:conf/atmos/WagnerZ17] where sources are selected with probability proportional the number of trips serving them. ",
"In both sets, we additionally selected uniformly at random a departure time in $[0, 24 \\times 3600]$ for each source-destination pair. ",
"We will reference the two sets of queries as “uniform” and “rank” respectively. ",
"Note that most of the uniform queries (those in the uniform set) correspond to high rank pairs ($2^{12}$ or higher) while the rank set of queries has a strong bias towards low rank pairs.",
"\n\nThe datasets are made publicly available[^2].",
"\n\nExperiments {#s:experiments}\n===========\n\nOur algorithms were implemented in C++ and compiled with GCC version 7.2.0 (with flag `-O3`). ",
"Experiments were conducted on one core of a dual 10-core Intel Xeon E5-2670-v2 with with 25 MiB of L3 cache and 64 GiB of DDR3-1866 RAM. ",
"The code is made available[^3].",
"\n\n --------------------------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ------- ------ ------- ------ ------- ------ ------- ------\n \n (lr)[6-9]{} (lr)[10-13]{} \n Algorithm Unif. ",
" Rank Unif. ",
" Rank Unif. ",
" Rank Unif. ",
" Rank\n HLRaptor $\\circ$ $\\bullet$ $\\bullet$ $\\circ$ 5.1 1.9 26.4 8.7 3.0 1.3 19.5 5.5\n HLCSA $\\circ$ $\\bullet$ $\\circ$ $\\circ$ 2.2 1.1 33.1 16.8 1.0 0.5 13.8 6.5\n HLmcRaptor $\\circ$ $\\bullet$ $\\bullet$ $\\bullet$ 87.3 33.0 417 140 60.0 25.9 248 85.4\n HLprRaptor (2h) $\\bullet$ $\\bullet$ $\\bullet$ $\\circ$ 76.5 31.1 685 237 53.0 23.1 652 205\n HLprCSA (2h) $\\bullet$ $\\bullet$ $\\circ$ $\\circ$ 47.1 28.4 1012 539 60.9 35.4 628 330\n HLprRaptor (24h) $\\bullet$ $\\bullet$ $\\bullet$ $\\circ$ 805 322 7522 2524 567 262 7441 2511\n HLprCSA (24h) $\\bullet$ $\\bullet$ $\\circ$ $\\circ$ 312 217 11644 8453 404 298 9523 7902\n --------------------------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ------- ------ ------- ------ ------- ------ ------- ------\n\n : Average running times of HLRaptor and HLCSA.",
"\n\n\\[tab:runtime\\]\n\n ------------------ ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ------- ------ ------- ------\n \n (lr)[6-9]{} \n Algorithm Unif. ",
" Rank Unif. ",
" Rank\n HLRaptor $\\circ$ $\\bullet$ $\\bullet$ $\\circ$ 13.4 4.0 59.4 7.6\n HLCSA $\\circ$ $\\bullet$ $\\circ$ $\\circ$ 6.6 2.9 54.2 19.4\n HLmcRaptor $\\circ$ $\\bullet$ $\\bullet$ $\\bullet$ 150 62 854 229\n HLprRaptor (2h) $\\bullet$ $\\bullet$ $\\bullet$ $\\circ$ 47.7 16.4 402 83.9\n HLprCSA (2h) $\\bullet$ $\\bullet$ $\\circ$ $\\circ$ 51.9 32.1 563 240\n HLprRaptor (24h) $\\bullet$ $\\bullet$ $\\bullet$ $\\circ$ 293 111 3461 751\n HLprCSA (24h) $\\bullet$ $\\bullet$ $\\circ$ $\\circ$ 128 96 4173 3076\n ------------------ ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ------- ------ ------- ------\n\n : Average running times of HLRaptor and HLCSA.",
"\n\npresents the average running times in milliseconds of HLRaptor and HLCSA variants on the three datasets. ",
"We indicate for each algorithm which criteria are optimized: arrival time (Arr.), ",
"number of transfers (Nb. ",
"tr.), ",
"overall walking time (Walk), and whether the query spans a range of departure times (Range).",
"\n\nIn the restricted walking setting, our algorithms are equivalent to the corresponding Raptor or CSA based version. ",
"On the London instance with restricted walking and uniform queries, we obtain similar results as Raptor [@raptor] for earliest arrival, multi-criteria and 2h range queries: 5.1ms vs. 7.3ms, 87.3ms vs. 107ms, and 76.5ms vs. 87ms, respectively (we compare times reported in to times reported in [@raptor]). ",
"Our running times are 15-30% faster, probably due to the use of more recent hardware. ",
"We also obtain similar results as CSA [@csa] for earliest arrival and 24h range queries: 2.2ms vs. 1.2ms and 312 vs. 107ms. ",
"Our running times are 2-3 times slower than those reported in [@csa], probably due to less optimized code.",
"\n\nIn the unrestricted walk setting, our algorithms are significantly faster than previous works. ",
"On the London instance with uniform queries and unrestricted walking, HLmcRaptor is 3.4 times faster than times reported for MCR in [@multimod-raptor] (417ms vs. 1438ms) and HLRaptor is 1.7 times faster than the MR-$\\infty$ variant of MCR (26.4ms vs. 44.4ms). ",
"On the Switzerland instance with ranked based queries and unrestricted walking, HLprRaptor computes profile queries roughly 7 times faster than the profile variant of MCR proposed in [@DBLP:conf/atmos/WagnerZ17]: 751ms vs. 5.5s approximately. ",
"Most uniform queries have high rank, and HLprRaptor obtains their profiles in roughly 3.5s compared to 20s approximately as reported in [@DBLP:conf/atmos/WagnerZ17].",
"\n\nInterestingly, our hub-labeling-based versions of CSA obtain rather good performances with respect to Raptor based versions in the unrestricted walk setting: they are nearly as fast or even faster on uniform queries, and at most 2-3 times slower on rank queries. (",
"Note that on low rank queries, Raptor-based solutions benefit from target pruning.)",
"\n\n Unif. ",
" Unif. ",
"6h-20h Rank Rank 6h-20h\n ------------- ------------ -------------- ----------- -------------\n London 12% / 5.8% 6.9% / 2.9% 24% / 13% 16% / 5.0%\n Paris 22% / 15% 15% / 13% 31% / 21% 22% / 17%\n Switzerland 47% / 46% 37% / 39% 47% / 47% 35% / 37%\n\n : Average/median gain of unrestricted walking on travel time compared to restricted walking.[]{data-label=\"tab:gain\"}\n\n### Gain of unrestricted walking.",
"\n\nWe confirm the results of [@DBLP:conf/atmos/WagnerZ17] showing the benefit of considering unrestricted walking. ",
"presents the percentage of time gained by using a journey with unrestricted walking compared to the travel time with restricted walking. ",
"The average gain ranges from 12% to 47% on uniform queries depending on the dataset. ",
"City networks (especially London) seem to benefit less from unrestricted walking than the train network of Switzerland. ",
"As observed in [@DBLP:conf/atmos/WagnerZ17], the gain is less important during daytime that is queries with departure time in the range 6h-20h here. ",
"We observe a higher gain on low rank queries. ",
"The median gain ranges from 13% to 47% for them. ",
"More precisely, the gain is at least 13% on half of the low rank queries for London, 21% for Paris and 47% for Switzerland.",
"\n\nConclusion\n==========\n\nWe have demonstrated the efficiency of using a two-hop representation of unrestricted walk transfers in conjunction with CSA and RAPTOR algorithm. ",
"This shows that is possible to enable unrestricted walking in practical public transit routing engines and opens new perspectives for allowing complex multimodal scenarios. ",
"We also want to further investigate how this approach could be integrated in other efficient public transit routing algorithms.",
"\n\n[^1]: <https://i11www.iti.kit.edu/PublicTransitData/Switzerland/>\n\n[^2]: <https://files.inria.fr/gang/graphs/public_transport/>\n\n[^3]: <https://github.com/lviennot/hl-csa-raptor>\n"
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"Negative mood states and related factors in a sample of adolescent secondary-school students in Barcelona (Spain).",
"\nPoor mental health is a common problem in adolescence. ",
"Little information is available, however, about the factors influencing negative mood states in otherwise healthy adolescents. ",
"We aimed to describe the mood states and related factors in a sample of adolescents in the city of Barcelona (Spain). ",
"We administered a health survey to a sample of 2,727 students from public, subsidized, and private schools in Barcelona, aged approximately 14, 16, and 18 years old. ",
"To analyze the associations among moods and related factors, we used bivariate logistic regression, and fitted multivariate logistic regressions using the statistically significant variables from the bivariate analysis. ",
"To examine the possible group effects of the school on individual students, we employed multilevel analysis. ",
"The frequencies of negative mood states increased with age, with girls consistently reporting more frequent negative mood states than boys. ",
"The factors associated with negative mood states were problematic alcohol use, perceived mistreatment or abuse, antisocial behavior, intention to use or current use of illegal drugs (not including cannabis), lower perceived academic performance, and feeling isolated. ",
"Mood states are influenced by lifestyle and social factors, about which there is little local information. ",
"To plan and implement appropriate public health interventions, more complete information about the possible areas of influence is required. ",
"To complement the information obtained from studies such as the present study, longitudinal and qualitative studies would be desirable."
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"If you are a number of quotes. ",
"You can still save reasonably with a mishap.",
"\n\nCompanies are just not thought about. ",
"Property Damage liability insurance, you will need to go with another automobile or other vehicle or suffers damage from appliance rupture or overflow. ",
"By doing all the difference in age groups of males that will focus more on the page title on each quote. ",
"Raise your deductible a little bit on your own safety. ",
"Prior to making sure that you should compare rates often. ",
"In this case happens because statistics show a low yearly mileage on their credit history, you may also qualify for. ",
"Don't make the mistake of assuming that your car on the sports car owner has to purchase high risk driving behaviour and causes. ",
"Insurance in Ohio State auto insurance can provide! ",
"In Illinois: You can approximate that the person doesn't have personal liability insurance, non-owned and hired. ",
"Auto insurance than a traditional brick and mortar business in jeopardy of a vertebrate.",
"\n\nFundamentally, you can find cheap car insurance policy. ",
"If the benefits you most-others too in case of auto insurance policy? ",
"After fulfilling the legal liability arising from an agency people are effectively choosing to pay over the speed limits are adequate to protect oneself against violence with what I expected it to put in a pocket that you would make up for a small business. ",
"Chiropractors are commonly seen after an unfortunate accident.",
"\n\nWhat if you have good work boots and gloves, and keep a clean record, but even if the extra money. ",
"That is why, one should we buy? ",
"For example, a teen auto insurance company will scrutinize your driving history. ",
"Bodily injury per person, bodily injury per person $30,000 bodily. ",
"Car insurance under 25 with specific companies.",
"\n\nWhile their offer may seem obvious that low premiums=most. ",
"The image can be done: The first thing that people are more expensive to mend and thus it is currently insured. ",
"Details such as a young drivers' desire to get personal. ",
"If possible opt for far fetched new WY law gives you cheaper car insurance will be much reduced. ",
"Many people that drive, do you do change policies ensure you are interested in moving all your vehicles and reward those people who build and wisely manage wealth you. (",
"Auto theft is one that can help you on cost), DVD format, Quick. ",
"When you may also check the title of \"Nine Ways to reduce your advertising costs and property damage to a 15% discount, depending on the vehicle.\" ",
"Inadvertently, liability will only pay you at the airport to pick passengers upon arrival."
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"4.3k SHARES Facebook Twitter\n\nHave we completely and totally failed an entire generation of young men? ",
"Have we failed to equip them with the tools that they need? ",
"Have we raised an entire generation of young men that do not know how to be men? ",
"Today, young adult men are nearly twice as likely to live with their parents as young adult women are, and young adult men are much less likely to go to college than young adult women are. ",
"Now I want to make something perfectly clear before we proceed. ",
"The point of this article is not to slam women or drag them down. ",
"Not at all. ",
"Rather, the goal of this article is to point out that we have a real problem with our young men and that they are lagging way behind. ",
"Vast numbers of them don’t want to go to college, don’t want to pursue careers, don’t want to get married and don’t want to take on any serious responsibilities. ",
"Of course there are always exceptions. ",
"In fact, there are some young men out there that are absolutely outstanding. ",
"However, what this article is trying to say is that the overall trends all point to the fact that our system has raised up a crop of young men that are generally weak, directionless, wimpified and unwilling to take responsibility. ",
"This is not a good thing.",
"\n\nWhat comes to your mind when you think of men under the age of 30 in America today? ",
"Does an image of an irresponsible, sex crazed, beer swilling slacker come to mind?",
"\n\nUnfortunately, that stereotype is way too true. ",
"We have failed our young men. ",
"We did not teach them how to be men. ",
"Yes, as I noted earlier, there are definitely exceptions to this, but in general we have a real problem on our hands.",
"\n\nLet take a look at some of the hard numbers.",
"\n\nAs a recent CNN article noted, young men between the ages of 25 and 34 are almost twice as likely to live with their parents as young women the same age are….",
"\n\nThe number of adult children who live with their parents, especially young males, has soared since the economy started heading south. ",
"Among males age 25 to 34, 19% live with their parents today, a 5 percentage point increase from 2005, according to Census data released Thursday. ",
"Meanwhile, 10% of women in that age group live at home, up from 8% six years ago. ",
"Among the college-aged set, the 18- to 24-year-olds, 59% of males and 50% of females lived with their parents, up from 53% and 46%, respectively.",
"\n\nSo what in the world is causing this?",
"\n\nMen that are between 25 and 34 should be in their prime working years. ",
"Instead, almost one out of every five of them is living with mommy and daddy.",
"\n\nThis is a major problem. ",
"Rather than working hard, taking responsibility and building their own lives, we have way too many young men that are living in our basements and that spend much of their time watching television or playing video games.",
"\n\nThe lack of ambition among many of our young men is absolutely appalling. ",
"Today, young women are far more likely to pursue a college education than young men are. ",
"According to the New York Times, approximately 57 percent of all young people enrolled at U.S. colleges are women. ",
"That means that only about 43 percent are men.",
"\n\nAs I have written about previously, unemployment is also rampant among our young people.",
"\n\nOnly 55.3% of all Americans between the ages of 18 and 29 were employed last year. ",
"That was the lowest level that we have seen since World War II.",
"\n\nToday, there are millions of young men that are sitting around with no job, no hope and no direction in life.",
"\n\nBut even many of those that do have jobs are not making much money. ",
"The number of the “working poor” in America is rapidly increasing, and this is especially true among young adults. ",
"Since the year 2000, incomes for U.S. households led by someone between the ages of 25 and 34 have fallen by about 12 percent after you adjust for inflation.",
"\n\nIn the past, women always complained about the “gender gap” when it came to wages, but today we are actually seeing that reversed among our young people. ",
"In fact, author Guy Garcia says that women in their twenties now earn more money than men of the same age in the ten largest cities in the United States.",
"\n\nThis current generation of men also seems to be extremely hesitant to take on the responsibilities of marriage and family. ",
"Today, an all-time low 44.2% of Americans between the ages of 25 and 34 are married.",
"\n\nInstead, most young men seem to want to run around “hooking up” with as many women as possible without any consequences.",
"\n\nBut there are consequences. ",
"The irresponsible behavior of our young men is putting an incredible amount of strain on our young women.",
"\n\nFor example, in 2010 42 percent of all single mothers in the United States were on food stamps.",
"\n\nSo what is causing all of this?",
"\n\nWell, certainly there are a lot of factors, but it certainly does not help that men are almost always portrayed as weak, irresponsible, sex-crazed idiots on television and in our movies.",
"\n\nThis point was made very well in a recent article in The Washington Times….",
"\n\nIf the fall TV season is any guide, the sexual revolution that was supposed to liberate men and women from traditional sex roles seems to have resulted instead in a straight-up role reversal. ",
"The male characters are messes — insecure, jobless, barely able to dress themselves without a wife or girlfriend and/or living in mom’s proverbial basement. ",
"Their female counterparts, meanwhile, are flaunting the same selfish, boorish ways that once got men called “chauvinist pigs.”",
"\n\nToday, our society generally does not teach young men that they should be strong, noble, ambitious and eager to take responsibility.",
"\n\nInstead, we are constantly sending our young men the message that we expect them to act like idiots, drink lots of beer, chase women and pretty much be as lazy as possible.",
"\n\nI fear that we have failed this entire generation of young men. ",
"Yes, there are many that have turned out great, but in general we have a real mess on our hands.",
"\n\nSo what can we do about all of this?"
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"Rahway, New Jersey\n\nRahway is a city in southern Union County, New Jersey, United States. ",
"It is part of the New York metropolitan area, southwest of Manhattan and west of Staten Island. ",
"As of the 2010 United States Census, the city's population was 27,346, reflecting an increase of 846 (+3.2%) from the 26,500 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 1,175 (+4.6%) from the 25,325 counted in the 1990 Census.",
"\n\nHistory\nRahway and the surrounding area were once the home of the Lenni Lenape Native Americans, and tradition states that the city was named after Rahwack, a local tribal chief.",
"\n\nFormal European settlement began in 1664 with the purchase by the English from the Lenape of the Elizabethtown Tract, which encompassed lands from the mouth of the Raritan River and included all of present-day Union County as well as parts of Somerset, Middlesex, Morris and Essex counties. ",
"The Seventeenth Century Clark House is one of the oldest buildings in the state.",
"\n\nRahway saw action during the American Revolutionary War because of its proximity to Staten Island, Elizabethtown and Perth Amboy. ",
"In January 1777, rebels were victorious against the British in the Battle of Spanktown, which resulted in the death of some 100 British troops. ",
"The battle was named this after Rahway's original name given to it by the first settlers, Spanktown, which is said to have been chosen \"because an early settler publicly took his spouse across his knee and chastised her\".",
"\n\nThe Merchants' and Drovers' Tavern resides at the corner of St. Georges and Westfield Avenues. ",
" The earliest buildings at the site date to 1795 and the property remains one of Rahway's most prominent historical landmarks. ",
"George Washington visited Rahway during his travel to New York City prior to his presidential inauguration in 1789. ",
" A marker across the street from the tavern reads:\n\nHere, on April 23, 1789, on his way to New York City, Washington was received by troops from Elizabethtown and Newark. ",
"He was entertained at the inn kept by Samuel Smith by gentlemen of the town.",
"\n\nFollowing the Revolution, Rahway became the home of the first national mint to create a coin bearing the inscription E pluribus unum. ",
"A United States Post Office established in Rahway was one of only six in the entire state in 1791.",
"\n\nRahway grew due to its location along the major stagecoach and railroad lines between New York City and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. ",
"The navigable Rahway River, which flows through the city, also aided the city's commercial growth.",
"\n\nAs immigrants from Britain, Ireland and Germany streamed into what was then Rahway Township in the 1850s, Rahway became incorporated as a city by an act of the State Legislature on April 19, 1858, from portions of Rahway Township in Union and Woodbridge Township in Middlesex County. ",
"In 1860, the portion of Rahway that had been part of Middlesex County was transferred to Union. ",
"On March 13, 1861, the remainder of Rahway Township became part of Rahway City. ",
"Clark Township was formed from portions of the city on March 23, 1864.",
"\n\nThe first municipal elections for the mayor and council were conducted on April 19, 1858, and the council held its first meeting on May 3, 1858. ",
"The city's police department and its initial group of four constables were created at that first council meeting.",
"\n\nThe city became home to dozens of major manufacturers, including the Regina Music Box Company, Wheatena, Mershon Bros. and, most importantly, Merck & Co., which was established in Rahway in 1903, when George Merck moved his small chemical company to Rahway from New York City. ",
"The company remained in Rahway through the presidency of George W. Merck and after.",
"\n\nThe national decline in industry after World War II led to the closure of most of Rahway's major manufacturing facilities (except for Merck) and a general deterioration of the city's central business district. ",
" Beginning in the late 1990s, the city launched a plan to revitalize the downtown area and authorized the construction of hundreds of new market-rate housing units, a hotel, art galleries and additional retail space.",
"\n\nGeography\n\nAccording to the United States Census Bureau, Rahway had a total area of 4.028 square miles (10.434 km2), including 3.897 square miles (10.094 km2) of land and 0.131 square miles (0.340 km2) of water (3.26%).",
"\n\nRahway is bordered to the northwest by Clark, to the northeast by Linden and to the south by Woodbridge Township in Middlesex County.",
"\n\nThe Rahway River travels through Rahway, entering from Clark at Rahway River Parkway. ",
" The river receives the waters of Robinsons Branch at Elizabeth Avenue between West Grand Avenue and West Main Street, and then receives the waters of the South Branch at East Hazlewood Avenue and Leesville Avenue. ",
"The river leaves Rahway at the city limits of Linden and Woodbridge before flowing into the Arthur Kill.",
"\n\nUnincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the city include Inman Heights and North Rahway.",
"\n\nClimate\nThe climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. ",
"According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Rahway has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated \"Cfa\" on climate maps.",
"\n\nDemographics\n\nCensus 2010\n\nThe Census Bureau's 2006-2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $58,551 (with a margin of error of +/- $3,355) and the median family income was $77,268 (+/- $9,506). ",
"Males had a median income of $56,572 (+/- $3,375) versus $47,832 (+/- $3,542) for females. ",
"The per capita income for the city was $28,855 (+/- $1,981). ",
"About 5.4% of families and 8.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.9% of those under age 18 and 9.4% of those age 65 or over.",
"\n\nCensus 2000\nAs of the 2000 United States Census there were 26,500 people, 10,028 households, and 6,728 families residing in the city. ",
"The population density was 6,642.7 people per square mile (2,564.3/km2). ",
"There were 10,381 housing units at an average density of 2,602.2 per square mile (1,004.5/km2). ",
"The racial makeup of the city was 60.19% White, 27.07% African American, 0.16% Native American, 3.58% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 5.62% from other races, and 3.33% from two or more races. ",
"Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 13.87% of the population.",
"\n\nThere were 10,028 households out of which 30.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.7% were married couples living together, 15.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.9% were non-families. ",
"28.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. ",
"The average household size was 2.63 and the average family size was 3.24.",
"\n\nIn the city the population was spread out with 23.9% under the age of 18, 7.8% from 18 to 24, 32.0% from 25 to 44, 21.8% from 45 to 64, and 14.5% who were 65 years of age or older. ",
"The median age was 37 years. ",
"For every 100 females, there were 91.2 males. ",
"For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.5 males.",
"\n\nThe median income for a household in the city was $50,729, and the median income for a family was $61,931. ",
"Males had a median income of $41,047 versus $32,091 for females. ",
"The per capita income for the city was $22,481. ",
"About 5.4% of families and 7.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.3% of those under age 18 and 8.2% of those age 65 or over.",
"\n\nEconomy\n\nDowntown revitalization\n\nBeginning in the early 1990s and continuing through the present day, the City of Rahway has rebounded as its downtown began to see the construction of new restaurants, art galleries, market-rate housing and the old Rahway Theatre reopening as the Union County Performing Arts Center. ",
"The theater underwent a $6.2-million renovation and expansion project, completed in 2007. ",
"As part of the expansion, the facility was purchased by the County of Union for $1.3 million and leased back for $1 a year.",
"\n\nIn September 1999, remnants of Hurricane Floyd swept across New Jersey and caused severe damage. ",
" The Rahway Public Library was on a flood plain and suffered over US$1 million in flood damage. ",
" The building was demolished in October 2001 and a new library was constructed and opened on March 22, 2004, behind the city's municipal building along a less flood-prone area of the Rahway River. ",
"The area where the former Rahway Public Library was now contains tennis courts and a small playground.",
"\n\nEast Jersey State Prison\nEast Jersey State Prison, formerly known as Rahway State Prison, actually is located in Woodbridge Township at the border with Rahway. ",
"The prison's mailing address is in Rahway, leading many to believe the facility was located there. ",
"The prison's official name was changed to East Jersey State Prison as of November 30, 1988, at the request of the citizens of Rahway. ",
"East Jersey State Prison is seen at the beginning of the movie Ocean's Eleven, starring George Clooney. ",
"The 1978 documentary Scared Straight was filmed there, as was the 1989 movie Lock Up, starring Sylvester Stallone. ",
"The prison was briefly mentioned in John Sayles City of Hope (1991).",
"\n\nArts and culture\nRahway is home to the Union County Performing Arts Center. ",
" It is in the process of building dedicated artists' housing so that actors, musicians, dancers, comedians, poets, filmmakers, and visual artists can live in safe affordable housing.",
"\n\nA number of contemporary art galleries sit in the Rahway Arts District as well as three professional rehearsal and recording studios.",
"\n\nParks and recreation\n\nCity parks\nThe city is home to more than ten parks. ",
" The best-known is Rahway River Park, which is maintained by Union County, and is also partially located in Clark. ",
"Parks and plazas run by the City of Rahway (and overseen by the Rahway Recreation and Parks Department) include:\n\n Arts District Park\n Berzinec Park (tennis courts)\n Brennan Field (soccer, baseball)\n Flanagan Field (baseball field)\n Hart Street Park\n Madden Field (football and baseball fields)\n Rahway Train Plaza\n Tully Field (baseball field)\n\nCounty parks\nParks run by the county inside Rahway's borders (overseen by the Union County Parks and Recreation Department) include:\n\n Madison Avenue Park\n Milton Lake Park (also in Clark)\n Rahway River Park hosts a number of baseball fields, picnic areas, a lake and a public pool. ",
"The park was designed by the Olmsted Brothers in 1922 and its swimming pool, built in 1929, was documented by the Historic American Engineering Record in 1985.",
"\n\nRahway River Parkway\nThe Rahway River Parkway is a greenway of parkland that hugs the Rahway River and its tributaries. ",
" It was designed in the 1920s by the Olmsted Brothers firm, who were the sons of the eminent landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted.",
"\n\nThe Bushmen of Rahway \nA mysterious duo known as the \"Bushman of Rahway\" are reported to frequent the Rahway River Parkway disguised as talking bushes. ",
"Dressed in ghillie suits, the pair stand up and say 'Hi' to unsuspecting passers-by. ",
"Their actions have generated local and international controversy. ",
"While some find their prank humorous, local law enforcement have threatened them with arrest if caught.",
"\n\nGovernment\n\nLocal government\nThe City of Rahway is governed under the Faulkner Act system of municipal government under the Mayor-Council (Plan F), implemented as of January 1, 1955, based on the recommendations of a Charter Study Commission.",
"\n\nUnder the City of Rahway's form of government, all executive and administrative authority is vested in the office of the mayor, who appoints the Business Administrator and department directors. ",
"The Business Administrator develops an annual budget for the city, manages the city's departments and oversees its employees. ",
"This form of government gives citizens a centralized line of authority for the efficient management of the city's business. ",
"There are nine members of the Municipal Council, all elected to four-year terms of office. ",
"Six members of the council are elected from each of six wards. ",
"The other three members are elected to represent the entire city at large, and come up for election at the same time as the mayor two years after the ward seats are up for election.",
"\n\n, the mayor of Rahway is Democrat Raymond A. Giacobbe Jr., who was appointed in January 2017 to serve an unexpired term of office ending December 31, 2018. ",
"Members of the Municipal Council are Council President David Brown (Fourth Ward; D, 2020), Council Vice President Rodney Farrar (First Ward; D, 2020), James E. Baker (At Large; D, 2018), Robert \"Bob\" C. Bresenhan Jr. (Third Ward; D, 2020), Michael W. Cox (Second Ward; D, 2020), Joseph D. Gibilisco (Sixth Ward; D, 2020 - appointed to serve an unexpired term), Joanna Miles (At Large; D, 2018), Jeremy E. Mojica (At Large; D, 2018) and Jennifer Wenson-Maier (Fifth Ward; D, 2020).",
"\n\nIn January 2018, the council selected Council President Raymond Giacobbe to fill the seat that had been held by Samson Steinman until he resigned the previous month, citing personal reasons. ",
"Later that month, Joseph Gibilisco was appointed to fill the sixth ward seat expiring in December 2020 that had been held by Giacobbe that became vacant when he took office as mayor.",
"\n\nSteinman had been appointed to the position of mayor in September 2013 following the resignation of Rick Proctor, whose term of office was to have run until December 31, 2014. ",
"In turn, the city council chose Raymond A. Giacobbe Jr., from among three candidates nominated by the Democratic municipal committee to fill Steinman's vacant Sixth Ward seat expiring in December 2016. ",
"Giacobbe served on an interim basis until the November 2014 general election, when he was elected to serve the balance of the term of office.",
"\n\nFederal, state and county representation\n\nRahway is located in the 10th Congressional District and is part of New Jersey's 22nd state legislative district.",
"\n\nPolitics\nAs of March 23, 2011, there were a total of 15,719 registered voters in Rahway, of whom 7,159 (45.5% vs. 41.8% countywide) were registered as Democrats, 1,675 (10.7% vs. 15.3%) were registered as Republicans and 6,880 (43.8% vs. 42.9%) were registered as Unaffiliated. ",
"There were 5 voters registered to other parties. ",
"Among the city's 2010 Census population, 57.5% (vs. 53.3% in Union County) were registered to vote, including 73.5% of those ages 18 and over (vs. 70.6% countywide).",
"\n\nIn the 2012 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 8,413 votes (74.7% vs. 66.0% countywide), ahead of Republican Mitt Romney with 2,648 votes (23.5% vs. 32.3%) and other candidates with 107 votes (0.9% vs. 0.8%), among the 11,269 ballots cast by the city's 16,730 registered voters, for a turnout of 67.4% (vs. 68.8% in Union County). ",
"In the 2008 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 8,340 votes (69.8% vs. 63.1% countywide), ahead of Republican John McCain with 3,410 votes (28.5% vs. 35.2%) and other candidates with 115 votes (1.0% vs. 0.9%), among the 11,944 ballots cast by the city's 16,039 registered voters, for a turnout of 74.5% (vs. 74.7% in Union County). ",
"In the 2004 presidential election, Democrat John Kerry received 6,512 votes (63.1% vs. 58.3% countywide), ahead of Republican George W. Bush with 3,668 votes (35.5% vs. 40.3%) and other candidates with 92 votes (0.9% vs. 0.7%), among the 10,326 ballots cast by the city's 14,471 registered voters, for a turnout of 71.4% (vs. 72.3% in the whole county).",
"\n\nIn the 2013 gubernatorial election, Democrat Barbara Buono received 55.4% of the vote (3,211 cast), ahead of Republican Chris Christie with 43.0% (2,494 votes), and other candidates with 1.6% (93 votes), among the 5,934 ballots cast by the city's 16,359 registered voters (136 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 36.3%. ",
"In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Democrat Jon Corzine received 3,961 ballots cast (57.4% vs. 50.6% countywide), ahead of Republican Chris Christie with 2,451 votes (35.5% vs. 41.7%), Independent Chris Daggett with 366 votes (5.3% vs. 5.9%) and other candidates with 68 votes (1.0% vs. 0.8%), among the 6,895 ballots cast by the city's 15,842 registered voters, yielding a 43.5% turnout (vs. 46.5% in the county).",
"\n\nEducation\nThe Rahway Public Schools serve students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade. ",
"As of the 2017-18 school year, the district, comprising six schools, had an enrollment of 3,922 students and 328.9 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 11.9:1. ",
"Schools in the district (with 2017-18 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics) are \nGrover Cleveland Elementary School (559 students; in grades PreK-6), \nFranklin Elementary School (647; PreK-6), \nMadison Elementary School (349; PreK-6), \nRoosevelt Elementary School (608; PreK-6), \nRahway 7th & 8th Grade Academy (599; 7-8) and\nRahway High School (1,090; 9-12).",
"\n\nTransportation\n\nRoads and highways\nAs of 2010, the city had a total of of roadways, of which were maintained by the municipality, by Union County and by the New Jersey Department of Transportation.",
"\n\nRahway is served by U.S. Route 1/9, and Route 27. ",
"The city is sandwiched between the Garden State Parkway and the New Jersey Turnpike, which are each located about two miles outside of the city limits.",
"\nThere are several crossings of the Rahway River in the city.",
"\n\nPublic transportation\nNJ Transit 115 route provides local service and interstate service to and from the Port Authority Bus Terminal in Midtown Manhattan, with service on the 48 line to Elizabeth and Perth Amboy.",
"\n\nRahway Train Station serves NJ Transit's North Jersey Coast Line and Northeast Corridor Line. ",
"The City of Rahway and NJ Transit helped fund a $16 million renovation for the station in 1999 and a public plaza in front of the station was completed in 2001, changes that have spurred cleanup and revitalization downtown. ",
" A new US$11.2 million 524-space parking deck opened across the street from the station in January 2005, helping train commuters and allowing the city to transform old parking lot space into new buildings and residences. ",
"A typical train ride to New York City's Pennsylvania Station takes 40 minutes.",
"\n\nAirport\nNewark Liberty International Airport is northeast of Rahway, approximately a 20-minute drive by car.",
"\n\nNotable people\n\nPeople who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Rahway include:\n\n Antonio Alfano, American football defensive tackle for the Colorado Buffaloes.",
"\n Juliette Atkinson (1873–1944), Hall of Fame tennis player and three-time U.S. Open champion\n Peter Boettke (born 1960), economist of the Austrian School\n Frank E. Boland (c. 1880–1913), James Paul Boland (1882–1970) and Joseph John Boland (1879–1964), early aircraft designers who started the Boland Airplane and Motor Company\n Kimberly Brandão (born 1984), professional women's soccer player; captain of the Portugal Women's National Team, which she has represented since 2007\n Chris Brantley (born 1970), former NFL wide receiver; played for the Los Angeles Rams and Buffalo Bills\n Ronald Breslow (born 1931), chemist\n Isaac Brokaw (1746–1826), clockmaker\n Harvey Brown (1795–1874), military officer who fought in the Black Hawk and Seminole Wars, the Mexican–American War and the American Civil War\n Darrion Caldwell (born 1987), mixed martial artist competing for Bellator MMA\n Louis Campbell (born 1979), professional basketball player; plays for Strasbourg IG of the French League\n Clifford P. Case (1904–1982), Representative of the Sixth District of New Jersey in the House of Representatives (1945–1954); United States Senator (R-NJ) 1955–1979\n Martin Cassio (1904–1972), professional bowler with 15 tournament titles\n Abraham Clark (1725–1794), signer of the Declaration of Independence; buried at the Rahway Cemetery\n Earl Clark (born 1988), professional basketball player who played in the NBA for the Brooklyn Nets\n Samuel Hanson Cox (1793–1880), Presbyterian minister and abolitionist\n Mary Frances Creighton (1899-1936), housewife, who along with Everett Applegate, was executed in Sing Sing Prison's electric chair, Old Sparky, for the poisoning of Applegate's wife.",
"\n Joseph T. Crowell (1817–1891), Speaker of the New Jersey General Assembly and President of the New Jersey Senate\n Arnold D'Ambrosa (born 1933), politician who served in the New Jersey General Assembly from 1974 to 1976, until his career was cut short by a political scandal\n George Davenport (1783–1845), frontiersman, trader, United States Army officer and settler in the Iowa Territory; namesake of Davenport, Iowa\n Evie (born 1956), contemporary Christian music singer\n John Frazee (1790–1862), sculptor and architect\n Amos Noë Freeman (1809–1893), abolitionist, educator and Presbyterian minister\n Milton Friedman (1912–2006), economist and Nobel Prize winner\n Leighton Gage (1942–2013), author of crime fiction\n Antonio Garay (born 1979), defensive tackle for the San Diego Chargers\n Wayne Gilchrest (born 1946), U.S. Congressman\n Alfred M. Gray Jr. (born 1928), 29th Commandant of the Marine Corps, from July 1, 1987 to June 30, 1991.",
"\n Jerome Kagan (born 1929), professor emeritus of psychology at Harvard University; one of the pioneers of developmental psychology\n Janis Karpinski (born 1953), one of the first women Brigadier Generals of the Army; former commander of the Abu Ghraib Prison in Iraq\n William H. Lash (1961–2006), Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Market Access and Compliance 2001–2005\n Benjamin Fay Mills (1857-1916), evangelist preacher, vegetarianism activist and writer.",
"\n Ira Nadel (born 1943), biographer, literary critic and James Joyce scholar.",
"\n Dory Previn (1925–2012, born as Dorothy Veronica Langan), lyricist and singer-songwriter\n Pearl Reaves (1929–2000), R&B singer and guitarist\n Eric Roberson (born 1976), R&B and soul singer-songwriter\n Freddie Russo (1924–1987), professional boxer\n Carl Sagan (1934–1996), astronomer; winner of Pulitzer Prize for General Non-Fiction Writing in 1978\n Mike Seamon (born 1988), soccer midfielder who has played for the Seattle Sounders FC and the Pittsburgh Riverhounds\n Mark Slonaker (born 1957), college basketball coach; head coach of the Mercer Bears men's basketball team 1998–2008\n Chris Smith (born 1953), U.S. Congressman\n Dexter Strickland (born 1990), McDonald's High School All-American basketball player; attended the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill\n Kurt Sutter (born 1966), screenwriter, director, producer and actor\n Nikola Tesla (1856–1943), formed his company, Tesla Electric Light & Manufacturing, in Rahway\n Marques Townes (born 1995), basketball player for the Loyola Ramblers men's basketball team, who transferred out of Cardinal McCarrick after his sophomore year.",
"\n Kevin M. Tucker (1940–2012), Commissioner of the Philadelphia Police Department, 1986–1988\n Allan Vache (born 1953), jazz clarinetist; younger brother of Warren Vache\n Warren Vache (born 1951), jazz cornetist and veteran of the groups of Benny Goodman, Rosemary Clooney, Benny Carter, Annie Ross and many other jazz notables\n Dr. P. Roy Vagelos (born 1929), retired Merck & Co. CEO\n Carolyn Wells (1862–1942), author and poet\n Shanice Williams (born 1996), actress who starred as Dorothy in The Wiz Live! ",
"on NBC in December 2015\n Emmanuel Yarborough (1964–2015), 1995 USA World Sumo Champion\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\n Official municipal website\n Rahway Public Schools\n \n School Data for the Rahway Public Schools, National Center for Education Statistics\n Rahway Center Partnership\n Union County Arts Center\n History of the Rahway Train Station\n City-Data\n\nCategory:Rahway, New Jersey\nCategory:1858 establishments in New Jersey\nCategory:Cities in Union County, New Jersey\nCategory:Faulkner Act (mayor–council)\nCategory:Populated places established in 1858"
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[
"Vancouver Police are reminding the public to lock their windows and doors after police noticed a spike in residential break-and-enters that have been reported in the West End.",
"\n\nSince September 15th, there have been 18 reported break-ins through ground-level and second floor apartments, where it appears crooks have been getting in through unlocked windows and patio doors. ",
"This number is up from an average of two break-ins for the same time period.",
"\n\nThe incidents have happened between 2:00 in the afternoon and 9:30 in the evening, and the thieves have been making off with laptops, cell phones and cash.",
"\n\nPolice and the West End – Coal Harbour Community Policing Centre will be stepping up patrols in the West End in response to the break ins. ",
"Residents are asked to report suspicious people and activity immediately by calling 9-1-1.",
"\n\nLocking and securing windows and doors, in combination with other safety measures, will help make your home less attractive to thieves.",
"\n\nFor safety and security tips, please visit the Vancouver Police Department website or visit your local Community Police Office."
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[
"Q:\n\nHow to forward traffic from one machine to another with `pfctl`?",
"\n\nI am trying to forward traffic like this:\nInternal Network Computer (192.168.1.*) ",
"→ Server (192.168.186:1234) → Internal Network Computer (192.168.1.198:80)\n\nServer is plugged into the router via ethernet on interface en0\nInternal Computer is connected to router via wifi\nServer can access 192.168.1.198:80 with no problems\n\nAccording to various other related questions, I have gotten the following rules\nnat on en0 from any to en0 -> (en0)\nrdr pass inet proto tcp from any to any port 1234 -> 192.168.1.198 port 80\n\nHowever I get the following when telneting:\n$ telnet 192.168.1.186 1234\nTrying 192.168.1.186...\ntelnet: connect to address 192.168.1.186: Operation timed out\ntelnet: Unable to connect to remote host\n\nUsing Wireshark on the 192.168.1.198 I have confirmed that the telenet connection is received however it doesn't seem to connect.",
"\n\nSome more info:\n\nrdr's from 127.0.0.1 to 127.0.0.1 work fine, for example:\nrdr pass inet proto tcp from any to any port 1234 -> 127.0.0.1 port 80\nI have confirmed that port 80 is open on 192.168.1.198, and that it is accessible from the server\nFirewall (in System Preferences) is disabled on both computers\nI have enabled cross interface traffic forwarding with \nsudo sysctl -w net.inet.ip.forwarding=1\nI think it may be something with NAT (see the below posts) but I am not sure\n\nThe same issue is discussed on GitHub. ",
"@ctgreybeard, @dandriana, @snimavat, and @sergeyzwezdin have all reported the same issue. ",
"Does anyone have a solution?",
"\n\nPlease Note: I would like to use pfctl and not SSH or another service.",
"\n\nHere are some other related posts:\nhttps://serverfault.com/questions/791181/redirecting-traffic-to-a-specific-address-and-port-using-pf-on-macos\nHow can I setup my mac (OS X Yosemite) as an internet gateway\n\nA:\n\nThis is how I got it to work.",
"\nMy example uses three hosts on my network (10.10.0.0/16):\n10.10.10.10 = Linux client\n10.10.6.237 = Mac \"real server\" providing a service on port 3000\n10.10.1.200 = Mac \"server\" performing pf redirection, listening on port 2004, interface vlan0\nnatrdr.pf\nrdr on vlan0 inet proto tcp from 10.10.0.0/16 to 10.10.1.200 port 2004 -> 10.10.6.237 port 3000\nnat on vlan0 inet proto tcp from 10.10.0.0/16 to 10.10.6.237 port 3000 -> 10.10.1.200\n\nThe specificity ensures your server isn't NATting traffic that it shouldn't.",
"\nFor those doing this from scratch, after creating your natrdr.pf file above, run the following commands from the command line or a shell script, sudo or as root. ",
" Integrating the pf rules with Apple's pf.conf files is an exercise left to the reader.",
"\n# Enable packet forwarding\n\nsysctl -w net.inet.ip.forwarding=1\n\n# Unless you have any rules you want to keep, let's flush existing NAT rules\npfctl -F nat\n\n# Enable packet filtering\npfctl -e\n\n# Load rules from our file\npfctl -f natrdr.pf\n\n# Confirm rules are loaded\npfctl -s nat\n\n# Check to see connections \npfctl -s states\n\nI then used telnet 10.10.1.200 2004 and was immediately forwarded to the Node/express server running on port 3000 on 10.10.6.237.",
"\nExample output of pfctl -s states to verify it's working:\nALL tcp 10.10.6.237:3000 <- 10.10.1.200:2004 <- 10.10.10.10:40744 ESTABLISHED:ESTABLISHED\nALL tcp 10.10.10.10:40744 -> 10.10.1.200:35947 -> 10.10.6.237:3000 ESTABLISHED:ESTABLISHED\n\nSo, to make it match your setup:\nrdr on en0 inet proto tcp from 192.168.1.0/24 to 192.168.1.186 port 1234 -> 192.168.1.198 port 80\nnat on en0 inet proto tcp from 192.168.1.0/24 to 192.168.1.198 port 80 -> 192.168.1.186\n\nThe order of rules is important.",
"\nThe redirect rule does what's expected: it forwards all traffic coming into the server to the real server.",
"\nThe NAT rule changes the (now redirected) packets to have a source IP address of the redirecting server instead of the original client. ",
"\nThe combination of these rules ensures that a reverse path for the return packets to follow is automatically created. ",
"\n\n"
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"Guide/How-to | Alley Cat Allies\n\nPre-Built | Assembly Required: Easy | Moderate | Advanced\n\nProviding shelter is a great way to keep cats safe from the elements and can help you monitor their ongoing well-being. ",
"There are several options available for feral cat shelters. ",
"Below are just some of those options.",
"\n\nLearn what makes a good shelter for outdoor cats.",
"\n\nLooking for other ways to keep cats more comfortable outdoors? ",
"See our tips for winter, summer, and year-round care.",
"\n\nPre-Built Cat Houses\n\nK&H Outdoor Heated Kitty House Advantages: Waterproof vinyl backing, easy to assemble, 2 exits, thermostat-controlled, heated floor pad, comfy. ",
"Disadvantages: Cost, not as sturdy as more permanent shelters, may not provide adequate protection from predators because of the materials used and large door openings. ",
"Purchase via Chewy\n\nCatio Furniture™ Feral Cat House Advantages: Weatherproof, drain holes. ",
"Disadvantages: Cost, may not accommodate more than one cat. ",
"Purchase via Amazon\n\nKatKabin Advantages: Lightweight, protects from the elements. ",
"Disadvantages: Cost, not well insulated, complaints about cracking in outer plastic.",
"\n\nSpecial thanks to Modern Cat. ",
"Purchase via Amazon.",
"\n\nThe Kitty Tube Advantages: Made from recycled materials, weatherproof, insulated, removable lid, easily cleanable, and comes with a “straw only” option. ",
"Disadvantages: Cost, the pet bed option is not recommended for outdoor use.",
"\n\nSpecial thanks to The Kitty Tube. ",
"Purchase via KittyTube.",
"\n\nArk Workshop Outdoor Cat House Advantages: Sturdy wooden construction, spacious, available with add-ons such as insulation, another exit, door flaps and overhangs, and risers.. Disadvantages: We don’t recommend some of the bedding options such as cedar and pine shavings. ",
"The base price is reasonable, but once you include add-ons, it can get pricey!",
"\n\nSpecial thanks to Ark Workshop Purchase via Ark Workshop\n\nFeral Villa Advantages: Durable wood and weatherproof shingles. ",
"Disadvantages: Requires some tools for construction. *",
"Check out the pre-made feeding stations available for purchase on the same site.",
"\n\nSpecial Thanks to Feral Villa. ",
"Purchase via Feralvilla\n\nPlastic “Igloo” Shelter Advantages: Pre-made and can be purchased at most pet stores. ",
"Disadvantages: Wide door opening makes this shelter harder to insulate and guard against the wind. ",
"This also provides less protection from predators. ",
"Purchase via Amazon\n\nEasy DIY Feral Cat Shelters\n\nAlley Cat Allies’ DIY Outdoor CAT Shelter Advantages: Inexpensive, easy to build and transport. ",
"Disadvantages: Lightweight provides less protection from predators than a wooden structure. ",
"Get the Instructions"
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"Rare case of recurrent angiokeratoma of Fordyce on penile shaft.",
"\nAngiokeratomas are benign cutaneous vascular lesions characterized by dilated thin-walled blood vessels lying in the upper part of the dermis, mostly associated with an epidermal reaction such as acanthosis and/or hyperkeratosis. ",
"Angiokeratomas of Fordyce are predominantly located on the scrotum and are only rarely found on the penis and then usually on the glans penis. ",
"We report a rare case of angiokeratoma of Fordyce located on the shaft of the penis and associated with two recurrences after appropriate surgical excision."
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"Seemingly Solid Reality\n\n(Alive/Natural Sound; US: 1 Jun 2010; UK: 21 Jun 2010)\n\nOutrageous Cherry: Seemingly Solid Reality\n\nMore than once during his band’s decade-and-a-half (!) ",
"run, Outrageous Cherry frontman Matthew Smith has tipped off his mood via his album titles (Our Love Will Change the World, yes; The Book of Spectral Projections, not so much). ",
"2008 found him in fine fettle, if not always peak form, on Universal Malcontents—to wit, the crankypants “It’s Not Rock ‘n’ Roll (And I Don’t Like It)”. ",
"Now the gang is back and in a more philosophical mood on Seemingly Solid Reality, mixing their usual blend of psych-rock, garage and pop with, uh, solid results.",
"\n\nUsing the album-title-as-thesis-statement theory, Smith and company – who are standing on shifting sand on the album jacket, fer cryin’ out loud – spend Side A investigating the dual nature of one’s interior life. ",
"It’s a move right in this lysergic band’s wheelhouse. ",
"It’s easy to feel the drugged-out narrator of the clomping “Unbalanced In The City” try to keep it together while thoughts like “we were extras in a movie without film” keep bubbling up inside his brain (the tune feels a little like the kid brother of Wilco’s “Handshake Drugs”). ",
"There’s more navel-gazing on “Self-Made Monster”, whose fuzzed-out riff and power-pop leanings belie uncomfortable truths about life in these 21st century United States (as in… “You’re a self-made monster”). ",
"The band closes out Side A by exemplifying the album title’s notion with “The Happy Hologram”, a trippy psych number where Smith fractures reality by delaying his own backing vocals a beat, giving the song a spooky, disjointed feel.",
"\n\nReality’s back half loses some of the record’s sharp focus, though not in the fracturing-hologram sense, when Smith turns his view to the world at-large. ",
"The folk-psych “Nothing’s Changed” feels more like a statement of fact than a lamentation (though there’s no arguing with Smith when he sighs, “Sometimes it’s hard to be who you are”). ",
"Meanwhile, “Unamerican Girls” marries a great title and a sprightly beat to an unclear concept, leaving behind a toe-tapping muddle. ",
"Somehow the titular ladies “make magazines worship their instinct for style” and “make governments tap your telephone line”. ",
"Fortunately, “Forces of Evil” nails the duality-of-the-external-world vibe. ",
"His voice dripping with cynicism over a fuzzed-out guitar, Smith notes that “Forces of evil / politicians agree / are useful sometimes / to erase history”. ",
"While those forces may be unseen, they won’t be leaving our reality anytime soon, especially seeing how easily and effectively they are wielded as weapons… But you knew that already. ",
"Sigh.",
"\n\nSmith gets a lot of mileage out of a limited sonic palette, but Reality fits in with the late-period Outrageous Cherry aesthetic. (",
"I do miss the horns that colored Our Love Will Change the World, though.) ",
"It feels sharper than the rant-y Malcontents. ",
"Despite, or maybe because of, all of Reality’s analysis, there are no answers, though the key may lie in the album closer “The Unimportant Things”: “The unimportant things stretch from nowhere to never.” ",
"What you see and what you don’t see are all there for a reason.",
"\n\nWhether or not the ebb and tide of pop trends happen to carry Outrageous Cherry to the shores of the masses, they'll probably keep on trucking, even if their chosen means of expression is 40 years old."
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"var Symbol = require('./_Symbol');\n\n/** Used to convert symbols to primitives and strings. */",
"\nvar symbolProto = Symbol ? ",
"Symbol.prototype : undefined,\n symbolValueOf = symbolProto ? ",
"symbolProto.valueOf : undefined;\n\n/**\n * Creates a clone of the `symbol` object.",
"\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Object} symbol The symbol object to clone.",
"\n * @returns {Object} Returns the cloned symbol object.",
"\n */\nfunction cloneSymbol(symbol) {\n return symbolValueOf ? ",
"Object(symbolValueOf.call(symbol)) : {};\n}\n\nmodule.exports = cloneSymbol;\n"
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"Storage tanks are known to store liquids. ",
"The stored liquid may occupy the entire space in the storage tank. ",
"When the stored liquids are heated, those liquids can expand. ",
"As the stored liquid is already full, there may not be any space for the expanded liquid to occupy. ",
"Thus, in the absence of space for expansion, pressure can develop in the storage tanks, and shortened hold times or undesirable events can occur."
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"Your browser does not support iframes. ",
"For maximum efficiency, please upgrade to your browser's latest version or use an iframe compatible browser such as Internet Explorer, Netscape, Opera, Mozilla, Firefox, Bezilla, Galleon, WarpZilla or Lynx.",
"\n\nWould you recommend the product? ",
"Yes |\nTotal Spent: $590.00| Rating: 10\n\nPros:\n\nsharpness, overall IQ, bokeh, price\n\nCons:\n\nslow AF, weight\n\nSuch a wonderfull lens! ",
"Great IQ, ideal focal length at APS-C. Sharpness/bokeh/colours/contrast fantastic! ",
"Built like a tank, reliably prized. ",
"The AF is accurate but slow. ",
"I donť get the point why this lens is not more popular?",
"\n\nTokina makes fantastic zooms! ",
"I really miss this piece of glass now when switched to FF camera.",
"\n\nkorthaj\n\nRegistered: August 2010Posts: 1\n\nTokina 50-135mm f/2.8 AT-X 535 AF PRO DX review by korthaj\n\nReview Date: 8/30/2010\n\nWould you recommend the product? ",
"Yes |\nTotal Spent: $550.00| Rating: 9\n\nPros:\n\nSharpness, Bokeh, Construction and Size\n\nCons:\n\nNo AF-S\n\nWanted a smaller 70-200 f2.8 type lens and this one felt like a good compromise. ",
"The range 50 to 135 suits me better for general photography and portraits, this thing doesnt scare people because it doesnt look big. ",
"The 50-135 is compact, very well made and doesnt extend, also it has very good sharpness wide open and renders a very good Bokeh through out its zoom range. ",
"Handling it is very pleasant and the rings are damped the only real down side i find to the lens is the lack of AF-S if you need very fast focusing. ",
"The tripod collar doesnt bother me personally.",
"\nCan be a little prone to flair but the hood is good.",
"\nOver all its very good and its my portrait machine for my Nikon d300,\n\nMac_In_FL\n\nRegistered: April 2009Posts: 5\n\nTokina 50-135mm f/2.8 AT-X 535 AF PRO DX review by Mac_In_FL\n\nReview Date: 8/6/2010\n\nWould you recommend the product? ",
"Yes |\nTotal Spent: $525.00| Rating: 10\n\nPros:\n\nSharp pleasing colors. ",
"Excellent build. ",
"Useful range.",
"\n\nCons:\n\nNon-removable tripod mount. ",
"Prone to some flare, CA.",
"\n\nI love this lens. ",
"This lens should be in everyone's bag if their camera uses an APS-C sensor. ",
"I do not believe there is a better quality lens in this zoom range and at this price point.",
"\n\nThe images it produces are simply stunning if the photographer does their part. ",
"Mine is sharp wide-open with very good color rendition. ",
"Excellent bokeh. ",
"The images just jump out at you...many would call the \"3D effect\".",
"\n\nBe aware with Nikon bodies, this does not have a built-in motor, relying on screw drive AF. ",
"I have a D300 so no issue but will not D40(X)-D60-D3000-D5000 body.",
"\n\nMy only complaint is that you cannot remove the tripod mount. ",
"You may be able to remove it if you are willing to disassemble the mount but definitely not for the faint at heart. ",
"I have moved it to an \"11 o'clock\" position to get it out of the way so not too bad.",
"\n\nUse the hood if you are in contra light conditions because it is susceptible to some flare.",
"\n\nBuild quality is excellent. ",
"This is a pro grade lens in every respect except for AF speed. ",
"If it had an HSM, it would be nearing perfection.",
"\n\nwingdo\n\nRegistered: September 2009Posts: 5\n\nTokina 50-135mm f/2.8 AT-X 535 AF PRO DX review by wingdo\n\nReview Date: 10/20/2009\n\nWould you recommend the product? ",
"Yes |\nTotal Spent: $550.00| Rating: 10\n\nPros:\n\nincredibly sharp, solid construction, perfect zoom for DX\n\nCons:\n\nnon-removable tripod mount\n\nHaving moved from film to DX, this is a great lens as it is the equiv angle of view of a 70-200. ",
"Incredibly sharp, pleasing colors, no barrel extension. ",
"Tokina's famous build quality.",
"\n\nAll my zooms are Tokina and all my primes are Nikon. ",
"Tokina just makes crystal sharp zooms.",
"\n\nchina2k\n\nRegistered: September 2009Posts: 1\n\nTokina 50-135mm f/2.8 AT-X 535 AF PRO DX review by china2k\n\nReview Date: 9/25/2009\n\nWould you recommend the product? ",
"Yes |\nTotal Spent: $780.00| Rating: 9\n\nclose focus too long (1m could be better for e.g. 50mm lens), focus limit bang sound, a bit softer at 135/2.8\n\nMy crosspost: Hi, got this awesome lens this week, based on SLRGear, FM, Optychne, and Photozone reviews. ",
"Many thanks to all, the recommendations are just fair!",
"\n\nOverall impressed with the lens. ",
"I wish it would focus closer, cause over 1m at 50mm limits the creativity a bit. ",
"In particular, my intention is to use the lens as all-round portrait.",
"\n\nAF is casual but fast enough, no worries here. ",
"Ofc it could be better with USM, I wish it was. ",
"I wish the IS would be there, too - at 100-135mm this quite heavy combo challenges the steadiness of handheld photography. ",
"When it comes out, it could be an ultimate one.",
"\n\nNothing moves or rotates, including MF focus ring during AF. ",
"I was searching for this aspect before, and it is not covered anywhere over internet. ",
"My 5 cents then.",
"\n\nThe field of view changes a bit with focusing - not sure if this is good or bad. ",
"Just noticed this phenomenon.",
"\n\nThe AF buzzes a little but nothing critical. ",
"When the AF hits the limit on both close and infinity ends, it bangs the limiter quite loudly - that is more important and can be irritating at times.",
"\n\nOverall I feel confident and I'm looking forward to real shots!",
"\n\nDenis_333\n\nRegistered: July 2009Posts: 1\n\nTokina 50-135mm f/2.8 AT-X 535 AF PRO DX review by Denis_333\n\nReview Date: 7/20/2009\n\nWould you recommend the product? ",
"Yes |\nTotal Spent: $737.00| Rating: 9\n\nPros:\n\nSharp, construction\n\nCons:\n\nNot USM\n\nOne of the best lens on my 30D (like a 70-200/4 L IS)\nSharp (at 2.8 !), ",
"built, compact\nNow my 30D is very nice, like my 5D with 24-70/2.8 L\n\nclimber\n\nRegistered: April 2009Posts: 11\n\nTokina 50-135mm f/2.8 AT-X 535 AF PRO DX review by climber\n\nReview Date: 4/21/2009\n\nWould you recommend the product? ",
"Yes |\nTotal Spent: $450.00| Rating: 10\n\nPros:\n\nExcellent sharpness and IQ, superb buil quality, accurate focus\n\nCons:\n\nslow focus motor, CA\n\nThe lens is absoloutly astounding. ",
"Image sharpness above f3.5 is comperable to prime lenses (canon 50mm f1.4). ",
"Focusing is very precise and the build quality is comparable to Canon L series (i have a 200mm F2.8L prime).",
"\n\nI used to be an owner of a Sigma 50-150mm f2.8, before i got this lens. ",
"Sigma had problems with front focusing, so i sent it back to service. ",
"They somehow managed to adjust the focusing, but after using it for a year I sold it, because the image quality of Sigma 50-150mm f2.8 was not impressive.",
"\n\nThe only minus of Tokina is slower focusing than Sigma HSM or Canon ultrasonic and a litlle CA. ",
"But the price is right..\n\nI can strongly reccomend this great lens!",
"\n\nptys\n\nRegistered: April 2008Posts: 1\n\nTokina 50-135mm f/2.8 AT-X 535 AF PRO DX review by ptys\n\nReview Date: 4/22/2008\n\nWould you recommend the product? ",
"Yes |\nTotal Spent: $699.00| Rating: 9\n\nPros:\n\nsharp, contrasty, well built, nice flower hood\n\nCons:\n\nghosting, flare, AF in canon mount, tripod collar doesn't come off\n\nNice lens overall with great optics. ",
"Beautiful for portraits. ",
"As they say, built like a tank. ",
"Nicely damped rings, solid metal construction. ",
"It's sharp wide open until about 100mm. ",
"Towards the end starts losing contrast and sharpness at 2.8, but this can be recovered in post processing to some degree. ",
"It's not worse at 135 than my 17-50 Tamron at 50, which is not bad.",
"\n\nMy gripes in the order of importance would be:\n1. ",
"Ghosting is quite pronounced, so night cityscapes could be problematic.",
"\n2. ",
"AF speed should be better at this price point, but the lens does keep up with running kids, etc.",
"\n\nedwardo\n\nRegistered: August 2007Posts: 5\n\nTokina 50-135mm f/2.8 AT-X 535 AF PRO DX review by edwardo\n\nReview Date: 8/8/2007\n\nWould you recommend the product? ",
"Yes |\nTotal Spent: $600.00| Rating: 9\n\nPros:\n\nsharp, very solid lens\n\nCons:\n\non the heavy side\n\nThe lens is fast ,very sharp, well built solid professional feel to it. ",
"It is however a rather heavy lens and needs to be used at higher shutter speeds or tripod to get all of the sharpness its capable of. ",
"It bloke is excellent and is capable of excellent photos. ",
"It does require some work on the part of the photographer to get the best results do to the weight and distribution forward on the camera. ",
"I used it with a nikon d80, it seems to work better with the d200 as far as fit."
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"{\n \"cells\": [\n {\n \"cell_type\": \"markdown\",\n \"metadata\": {},\n \"source\": [\n \"# Integrated gradients for text classification on the IMDB dataset\"\n ]\n },\n {\n \"cell_type\": \"markdown\",\n \"metadata\": {},\n \"source\": [\n \"In this example, we apply the integrated gradients method to a sentiment analysis model trained on the IMDB dataset. ",
"In text classification models, integrated gradients define an attribution value for each word in the input sentence. ",
"The attributions are calculated considering the integral of the model gradients with respect to the word embedding layer along a straight path from a baseline instance $x^\\\\prime$ to the input instance $x.$ A description of the method can be found [here](https://docs.seldon.io/projects/alibi/en/latest/methods/IntegratedGradients.html). ",
"Integrated gradients was originally proposed in Sundararajan et al., [",
"\\\"Axiomatic Attribution for Deep Networks\\\"](https://arxiv.org/abs/1703.01365)\\n\",\n \"\\n\",\n \"The IMDB data set contains 50K movie reviews labelled as positive or negative. ",
"\\n\",\n \"We train a convolutional neural network classifier with a single 1-d convolutional layer followed by a fully connected layer. ",
"The reviews in the dataset are truncated at 100 words and each word is represented by 50-dimesional word embedding vector. ",
"We calculate attributions for the elements of the embedding layer.\"",
"\n ]\n },\n {\n \"cell_type\": \"code\",\n \"execution_count\": 1,\n \"metadata\": {},\n \"outputs\": [\n {\n \"name\": \"stdout\",\n \"output_type\": \"stream\",\n \"text\": [\n \"TF version: 2.2.0\\n\",\n \"Eager execution enabled: True\\n\"\n ]\n }\n ],\n \"source\": [\n \"import tensorflow as tf\\n\",\n \"import numpy as np\\n\",\n \"import os\\n\",\n \"import pandas as pd\\n\",\n \"from tensorflow.keras.datasets import imdb\\n\",\n \"from tensorflow.keras.preprocessing import sequence\\n\",\n \"from tensorflow.keras.models import Model\\n\",\n \"from tensorflow.keras.layers import Input, Dense, Embedding, Conv1D, GlobalMaxPooling1D, Dropout \\n\",\n \"from tensorflow.keras.utils import to_categorical\\n\",\n \"from alibi.explainers import IntegratedGradients\\n\",\n \"import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\\n\",\n \"print('TF version: ', tf.__version__)\\n\",\n \"print('Eager execution enabled: ', tf.executing_eagerly()) # True\"\n ]\n },\n {\n \"cell_type\": \"markdown\",\n \"metadata\": {},\n \"source\": [\n \"## Load data\"\n ]\n },\n {\n \"cell_type\": \"markdown\",\n \"metadata\": {},\n \"source\": [\n \"Loading the imdb dataset. \"",
"\n ]\n },\n {\n \"cell_type\": \"code\",\n \"execution_count\": 2,\n \"metadata\": {},\n \"outputs\": [],\n \"source\": [\n \"max_features = 10000\\n\",\n \"maxlen = 100\"\n ]\n },\n {\n \"cell_type\": \"code\",\n \"execution_count\": 3,\n \"metadata\": {},\n \"outputs\": [\n {\n \"name\": \"stdout\",\n \"output_type\": \"stream\",\n \"text\": [\n \"Loading data...\\n\",\n \"25000 train sequences\\n\",\n \"25000 test sequences\\n\",\n \"Pad sequences (samples x time)\\n\",\n \"x_train shape: (25000, 100)\\n\",\n \"x_test shape: (25000, 100)\\n\"\n ]\n }\n ],\n \"source\": [\n \"print('Loading data...')\\n\",\n \"(x_train, y_train), (x_test, y_test) = imdb.load_data(num_words=max_features)\\n\",\n \"test_labels = y_test.copy()\\n\",\n \"train_labels = y_train.copy()\\n\",\n \"print(len(x_train), 'train sequences')\\n\",\n \"print(len(x_test), 'test sequences')\\n\",\n \"y_train, y_test = to_categorical(y_train), to_categorical(y_test)\\n\",\n \"\\n\",\n \"print('Pad sequences (samples x time)')\\n\",\n \"x_train = sequence.pad_sequences(x_train, maxlen=maxlen)\\n\",\n \"x_test = sequence.pad_sequences(x_test, maxlen=maxlen)\\n\",\n \"print('x_train shape:', x_train.shape)\\n\",\n \"print('x_test shape:', x_test.shape)\\n\",\n \"\\n\",\n \"index = imdb.get_word_index()\\n\",\n \"reverse_index = dict([(value, key) for (key, value) in index.items()]) \"\n ]\n },\n {\n \"cell_type\": \"markdown\",\n \"metadata\": {},\n \"source\": [\n \"A sample review from the test set. ",
"Note that unknown words are replaced with 'UNK'\"\n ]\n },\n {\n \"cell_type\": \"code\",\n \"execution_count\": 4,\n \"metadata\": {},\n \"outputs\": [],\n \"source\": [\n \"def decode_sentence(x, reverse_index):\\n\",\n \" # the `-3` offset is due to the special tokens used by keras\\n\",\n \" # see https://stackoverflow.com/questions/42821330/restore-original-text-from-keras-s-imdb-dataset\\n\",\n \" return \\\" \\\".join([reverse_index.get(i - 3, 'UNK') for i in x])\"\n ]\n },\n {\n \"cell_type\": \"code\",\n \"execution_count\": 5,\n \"metadata\": {},\n \"outputs\": [\n {\n \"name\": \"stdout\",\n \"output_type\": \"stream\",\n \"text\": [\n \"a powerful study of loneliness sexual UNK and desperation be patient UNK up the atmosphere and pay attention to the wonderfully written script br br i praise robert altman this is one of his many films that deals with unconventional fascinating subject matter this film is disturbing but it's sincere and it's sure to UNK a strong emotional response from the viewer if you want to see an unusual film some might even say bizarre this is worth the time br br unfortunately it's very difficult to find in video stores you may have to buy it off the internet\\n\"\n ]\n }\n ],\n \"source\": [\n \"print(decode_sentence(x_test[1], reverse_index)) \"\n ]\n },\n {\n \"cell_type\": \"markdown\",\n \"metadata\": {},\n \"source\": [\n \"## Train Model\"\n ]\n },\n {\n \"cell_type\": \"markdown\",\n \"metadata\": {},\n \"source\": [\n \"The model includes one convolutional layer and reaches a test accuracy of 0.85. ",
"If `save_model = True`, a local folder `../model_imdb` will be created and the trained model will be saved in that folder. ",
"If the model was previously saved, it can be loaded by setting `load_model = True`.\"",
"\n ]\n },\n {\n \"cell_type\": \"code\",\n \"execution_count\": 6,\n \"metadata\": {},\n \"outputs\": [],\n \"source\": [\n \"batch_size = 32\\n\",\n \"embedding_dims = 50\\n\",\n \"filters = 250\\n\",\n \"kernel_size = 3\\n\",\n \"hidden_dims = 250\"\n ]\n },\n {\n \"cell_type\": \"code\",\n \"execution_count\": 7,\n \"metadata\": {},\n \"outputs\": [],\n \"source\": [\n \"load_model = False\\n\",\n \"save_model = True\"\n ]\n },\n {\n \"cell_type\": \"code\",\n \"execution_count\": 8,\n \"metadata\": {},\n \"outputs\": [\n {\n \"name\": \"stdout\",\n \"output_type\": \"stream\",\n \"text\": [\n \"Build model...\\n\",\n \"Train...\\n\",\n \"Train on 25000 samples, validate on 25000 samples\\n\",\n \"Epoch 1/3\\n\",\n \"25000/25000 [==============================] - 12s 483us/sample - loss: 0.5880 - acc: 0.6712 - val_loss: 0.4088 - val_acc: 0.8238\\n\",\n \"Epoch 2/3\\n\",\n \"25000/25000 [==============================] - 12s 472us/sample - loss: 0.3126 - acc: 0.8668 - val_loss: 0.3416 - val_acc: 0.8578\\n\",\n \"Epoch 3/3\\n\",\n \"25000/25000 [==============================] - 13s 515us/sample - loss: 0.2077 - acc: 0.9201 - val_loss: 0.3386 - val_acc: 0.8516\\n\"\n ]\n }\n ],\n \"source\": [\n \"filepath = './model_imdb/' # change to directory where model is downloaded\\n\",\n \"if load_model:\\n\",\n \" model = tf.keras.models.load_model(os.path.join(filepath, 'model.h5'))\\n\",\n \"else:\\n\",\n \" print('Build model...')\\n\",\n \" \\n\",\n \" inputs = Input(shape=(maxlen,), dtype='int32')\\n\",\n \" embedded_sequences = Embedding(max_features,\\n\",\n \" embedding_dims)(inputs)\\n\",\n \" out = Conv1D(filters, \\n\",\n \" kernel_size, \\n\",\n \" padding='valid', \\n\",\n \" activation='relu', \\n\",\n \" strides=1)(embedded_sequences)\\n\",\n \" out = Dropout(0.4)(out)\\n\",\n \" out = GlobalMaxPooling1D()(out)\\n\",\n \" out = Dense(hidden_dims, \\n\",\n \" activation='relu')(out)\\n\",\n \" out = Dropout(0.4)(out)\\n\",\n \" outputs = Dense(2, activation='softmax')(out)\\n\",\n \" \\n\",\n \" model = Model(inputs=inputs, outputs=outputs)\\n\",\n \" model.compile(loss='categorical_crossentropy',\\n\",\n \" optimizer='adam',\\n\",\n \" metrics=['accuracy'])\\n\",\n \"\\n\",\n \" print('Train...')\\n\",\n \" model.fit(x_train, y_train,\\n\",\n \" batch_size=256,\\n\",\n \" epochs=3,\\n\",\n \" validation_data=(x_test, y_test))\\n\",\n \" if save_model: \\n\",\n \" if not os.path.exists(filepath):\\n\",\n \" os.makedirs(filepath)\\n\",\n \" model.save(os.path.join(filepath, 'model.h5')) \"\n ]\n },\n {\n \"cell_type\": \"markdown\",\n \"metadata\": {},\n \"source\": [\n \"## Calculate integrated gradients\"\n ]\n },\n {\n \"cell_type\": \"markdown\",\n \"metadata\": {},\n \"source\": [\n \"The integrated gradients attributions are calculated with respect to the embedding layer for 10 samples from the test set. ",
"Since the model uses a word to vector embedding with vector dimensionality of 50 and sequence length of 100 words, the dimensionality of the attributions is (10, 100, 50). ",
"In order to obtain a single attribution value for each word, we sum all the attribution values for the 50 elements of each word's vector representation.\\n\",\n \" \\n\",\n \"The default baseline is used in this example which is internally defined as a sequence of zeros. ",
"In this case, this corresponds to a sequence of padding characters (**NB:** in general the numerical value corresponding to a \\\"non-informative\\\" baseline such as the PAD token will depend on the tokenizer used, make sure that the numerical value of the baseline used corresponds to your desired token value to avoid surprises). ",
"The path integral is defined as a straight line from the baseline to the input image. ",
"The path is approximated by choosing 50 discrete steps according to the Gauss-Legendre method.\"",
"\n ]\n },\n {\n \"cell_type\": \"code\",\n \"execution_count\": 9,\n \"metadata\": {},\n \"outputs\": [],\n \"source\": [\n \"n_steps = 50\\n\",\n \"method = \\\"gausslegendre\\\"\\n\",\n \"internal_batch_size = 100\\n\",\n \"nb_samples = 10\\n\",\n \"ig = IntegratedGradients(model,\\n\",\n \" layer=model.layers[1],\\n\",\n \" n_steps=n_steps, \\n\",\n \" method=method,\\n\",\n \" internal_batch_size=internal_batch_size)\"\n ]\n },\n {\n \"cell_type\": \"code\",\n \"execution_count\": 10,\n \"metadata\": {},\n \"outputs\": [],\n \"source\": [\n \"x_test_sample = x_test[:nb_samples]\\n\",\n \"predictions = model(x_test_sample).numpy().argmax(axis=1)\\n\",\n \"explanation = ig.explain(x_test_sample, \\n\",\n \" baselines=None, \\n\",\n \" target=predictions)\"\n ]\n },\n {\n \"cell_type\": \"code\",\n \"execution_count\": 11,\n \"metadata\": {},\n \"outputs\": [\n {\n \"data\": {\n \"text/plain\": [\n \"{'name': 'IntegratedGradients',\\n\",\n \" 'type': ['whitebox'],\\n\",\n \" 'explanations': ['local'],\\n\",\n \" 'params': {'method': 'gausslegendre',\\n\",\n \" 'n_steps': 50,\\n\",\n \" 'internal_batch_size': 100,\\n\",\n \" 'layer': 1}}\"\n ]\n },\n \"execution_count\": 11,\n \"metadata\": {},\n \"output_type\": \"execute_result\"\n }\n ],\n \"source\": [\n \"# Metadata from the explanation object\\n\",\n \"explanation.meta\"\n ]\n },\n {\n \"cell_type\": \"code\",\n \"execution_count\": 12,\n \"metadata\": {},\n \"outputs\": [\n {\n \"data\": {\n \"text/plain\": [\n \"dict_keys(['attributions', 'X', 'baselines', 'predictions', 'deltas', 'target'])\"\n ]\n },\n \"execution_count\": 12,\n \"metadata\": {},\n \"output_type\": \"execute_result\"\n }\n ],\n \"source\": [\n \"# Data fields from the explanation object\\n\",\n \"explanation.data.keys()\"\n ]\n },\n {\n \"cell_type\": \"code\",\n \"execution_count\": 13,\n \"metadata\": {},\n \"outputs\": [\n {\n \"name\": \"stdout\",\n \"output_type\": \"stream\",\n \"text\": [\n \"Attributions shape: (10, 100, 50)\\n\"\n ]\n }\n ],\n \"source\": [\n \"# Get attributions values from the explanation object\\n\",\n \"attrs = explanation.attributions\\n\",\n \"print('Attributions shape:', attrs.shape)\"\n ]\n },\n {\n \"cell_type\": \"markdown\",\n \"metadata\": {},\n \"source\": [\n \"## Sum attributions\"\n ]\n },\n {\n \"cell_type\": \"code\",\n \"execution_count\": 14,\n \"metadata\": {},\n \"outputs\": [\n {\n \"name\": \"stdout\",\n \"output_type\": \"stream\",\n \"text\": [\n \"Attributions shape: (10, 100)\\n\"\n ]\n }\n ],\n \"source\": [\n \"attrs = attrs.sum(axis=2)\\n\",\n \"print('Attributions shape:', attrs.shape)\"\n ]\n },\n {\n \"cell_type\": \"markdown\",\n \"metadata\": {},\n \"source\": [\n \"## Visualize attributions\"\n ]\n },\n {\n \"cell_type\": \"code\",\n \"execution_count\": 15,\n \"metadata\": {},\n \"outputs\": [],\n \"source\": [\n \"i = 1\\n\",\n \"x_i = x_test_sample[i]\\n\",\n \"attrs_i = attrs[i]\\n\",\n \"pred = predictions[i]\\n\",\n \"pred_dict = {1: 'Positive review', 0: 'Negative review'}\"\n ]\n },\n {\n \"cell_type\": \"code\",\n \"execution_count\": 16,\n \"metadata\": {},\n \"outputs\": [\n {\n \"name\": \"stdout\",\n \"output_type\": \"stream\",\n \"text\": [\n \"Predicted label = 1: Positive review\\n\"\n ]\n }\n ],\n \"source\": [\n \"print('Predicted label = {}: {}'.format(pred, pred_dict[pred]))\"\n ]\n },\n {\n \"cell_type\": \"markdown\",\n \"metadata\": {},\n \"source\": [\n \"We can visualize the attributions for the text instance by mapping the values of the attributions onto a matplotlib colormap. ",
"Below we define some utility functions for doing this.\"",
"\n ]\n },\n {\n \"cell_type\": \"code\",\n \"execution_count\": 17,\n \"metadata\": {},\n \"outputs\": [],\n \"source\": [\n \"from IPython.display import HTML\\n\",\n \"def hlstr(string, color='white'):\\n\",\n \" \\\"\\\"\\\"\\n\",\n \" Return HTML markup highlighting text with the desired color.\\n\",\n \" \\\"\\\"\\\"\\n\",\n \" return \\\"<mark style=background-color:{}>{} </mark>\\\".format(color, string)\"\n ]\n },\n {\n \"cell_type\": \"code\",\n \"execution_count\": 18,\n \"metadata\": {},\n \"outputs\": [],\n \"source\": [\n \"def colorize(attrs, cmap='PiYG'):\\n\",\n \" \\\"\\\"\\\"\\n\",\n \" Compute hex colors based on the attributions for a single instance.\\n\",\n \" Uses a diverging colorscale by default and normalizes and scales\\n\",\n \" the colormap so that colors are consistent with the attributions.\\n\",\n \" \\\"\\\"\\\"\\n\",\n \" import matplotlib as mpl\\n\",\n \" cmap_bound = np.abs(attrs).max()\\n\",\n \" norm = mpl.colors.",
"Normalize(vmin=-cmap_bound, vmax=cmap_bound)\\n\",\n \" cmap = mpl.cm.get_cmap(cmap)\\n\",\n \" \\n\",\n \" # now compute hex values of colors\\n\",\n \" colors = list(map(lambda x: mpl.colors.rgb2hex(cmap(norm(x))), attrs))\\n\",\n \" return colors\"\n ]\n },\n {\n \"cell_type\": \"markdown\",\n \"metadata\": {},\n \"source\": [\n \"Below we visualize the attribution values (highlighted in the text) having the highest positive attributions. ",
"Words with high positive attribution are highlighted in shades of green and words with negative attribution in shades of pink. ",
"Stronger shading corresponds to higher attribution values. ",
"Positive attributions can be interpreted as increase in probability of the predicted class (\\\"Positive sentiment\\\") while negative attributions correspond to decrease in probability of the predicted class.\"",
"\n ]\n },\n {\n \"cell_type\": \"code\",\n \"execution_count\": 19,\n \"metadata\": {},\n \"outputs\": [],\n \"source\": [\n \"words = decode_sentence(x_i, reverse_index).split()\\n\",\n \"colors = colorize(attrs_i)\"\n ]\n },\n {\n \"cell_type\": \"code\",\n \"execution_count\": 20,\n \"metadata\": {},\n \"outputs\": [\n {\n \"data\": {\n \"text/html\": [\n \"<mark style=background-color:#f9f0f5>a </mark><mark style=background-color:#acd977>powerful </mark><mark style=background-color:#fce5f1>study </mark><mark style=background-color:#f1f6e8>of </mark><mark style=background-color:#91c857>loneliness </mark><mark style=background-color:#faebf3>sexual </mark><mark style=background-color:#f3f6ed>UNK </mark><mark style=background-color:#e9f5d8>and </mark><mark style=background-color:#d9f0bc>desperation </mark><mark style=background-color:#eff6e5>be </mark><mark style=background-color:#c7e89f>patient </mark><mark style=background-color:#f5f7f3>UNK </mark><mark style=background-color:#f7f6f7>up </mark><mark style=background-color:#ebf6db>the </mark><mark style=background-color:#b7e085>atmosphere </mark><mark style=background-color:#ebf6db>and </mark><mark style=background-color:#fce5f1>pay </mark><mark style=background-color:#c7e89f>attention </mark><mark style=background-color:#f3f7ef>to </mark><mark style=background-color:#eff6e4>the </mark><mark style=background-color:#2e6d1b>wonderfully </mark><mark style=background-color:#fbe6f1>written </mark><mark style=background-color:#eeadd4>script </mark><mark style=background-color:#f5f7f2>br </mark><mark style=background-color:#f3f7ef>br </mark><mark style=background-color:#f5f7f2>i </mark><mark style=background-color:#cfebaa>praise </mark><mark style=background-color:#f7f7f6>robert </mark><mark style=background-color:#f7cce5>altman </mark><mark style=background-color:#f9f1f5>this </mark><mark style=background-color:#f3f6ed>is </mark><mark style=background-color:#f7f7f6>one </mark><mark style=background-color:#f5f7f2>of </mark><mark style=background-color:#edf6e1>his </mark><mark style=background-color:#f2f6ec>many </mark><mark style=background-color:#f9eef4>films </mark><mark style=background-color:#eef6e2>that </mark><mark style=background-color:#8ac34f>deals </mark><mark style=background-color:#eff6e5>with </mark><mark style=background-color:#a3d36c>unconventional </mark><mark style=background-color:#276419>fascinating </mark><mark style=background-color:#f8f3f6>subject </mark><mark style=background-color:#eef6e2>matter </mark><mark style=background-color:#f5f7f3>this </mark><mark style=background-color:#f2f6ec>film </mark><mark style=background-color:#f3f6ed>is </mark><mark style=background-color:#f8f2f5>disturbing </mark><mark style=background-color:#f3f6ed>but </mark><mark style=background-color:#e6f5d0>it's </mark><mark style=background-color:#eff6e4>sincere </mark><mark style=background-color:#eff6e5>and </mark><mark style=background-color:#edf6e1>it's </mark><mark style=background-color:#e9f5d6>sure </mark><mark style=background-color:#f5f7f2>to </mark><mark style=background-color:#f4f7f0>UNK </mark><mark style=background-color:#f8f5f6>a </mark><mark style=background-color:#6bac34>strong </mark><mark style=background-color:#e1f3c7>emotional </mark><mark style=background-color:#f0f6e7>response </mark><mark style=background-color:#ecf6de>from </mark><mark style=background-color:#eaf5d9>the </mark><mark style=background-color:#dbf0bf>viewer </mark><mark style=background-color:#fce5f1>if </mark><mark style=background-color:#ddf1c1>you </mark><mark style=background-color:#f2f6ec>want </mark><mark style=background-color:#f3f6ed>to </mark><mark style=background-color:#dbf0bf>see </mark><mark style=background-color:#f3f7ef>an </mark><mark style=background-color:#83bf46>unusual </mark><mark style=background-color:#edf6df>film </mark><mark style=background-color:#f5f7f2>some </mark><mark style=background-color:#fbe9f2>might </mark><mark style=background-color:#f9eef4>even </mark><mark style=background-color:#f8f3f6>say </mark><mark style=background-color:#f5c2e0>bizarre </mark><mark style=background-color:#f9f1f5>this </mark><mark style=background-color:#eff6e5>is </mark><mark style=background-color:#d6eeb6>worth </mark><mark style=background-color:#ebf6dc>the </mark><mark style=background-color:#ecf6de>time </mark><mark style=background-color:#f3f7ef>br </mark><mark style=background-color:#f8f5f6>br </mark><mark style=background-color:#f7cbe4>unfortunately </mark><mark style=background-color:#eaf5d9>it's </mark><mark style=background-color:#eff6e5>very </mark><mark style=background-color:#f2f6ec>difficult </mark><mark style=background-color:#f7f7f6>to </mark><mark style=background-color:#f4f7f0>find </mark><mark style=background-color:#f5f7f2>in </mark><mark style=background-color:#f3f6ed>video </mark><mark style=background-color:#eef6e2>stores </mark><mark style=background-color:#c7e89f>you </mark><mark 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"HTML object>\"\n ]\n },\n \"execution_count\": 20,\n \"metadata\": {},\n \"output_type\": \"execute_result\"\n }\n ],\n \"source\": [\n \"HTML(\\\"\\\".join(list(map(hlstr, words, colors))))\"\n ]\n }\n ],\n \"metadata\": {\n \"kernelspec\": {\n \"display_name\": \"Python 3\",\n \"language\": \"python\",\n \"name\": \"python3\"\n },\n \"language_info\": {\n \"codemirror_mode\": {\n \"name\": \"ipython\",\n \"version\": 3\n },\n \"file_extension\": \".py\",\n \"mimetype\": \"text/x-python\",\n \"name\": \"python\",\n \"nbconvert_exporter\": \"python\",\n \"pygments_lexer\": \"ipython3\",\n \"version\": \"3.7.6\"\n }\n },\n \"nbformat\": 4,\n \"nbformat_minor\": 2\n}\n"
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[
"There is a lot of symbolism in the novel For Whom the Bell Tolls. ",
"Ernest Hemmingway characterizes the inner struggle that exists in men who engage in war. ",
"The motivations and passion begin to erode, leaving desperate men in a struggle about which they no longer feel strongly.",
"\n\nAs the novel progresses, the characters of Robert Jordan and Maria grow with the love they have for each other and the progression of their ideas about war. ",
"This growth carries them through the novel and eventually through very different paths.",
"\n\nThe character of Robert Jordan is brought to new depths of character when he meets Maria. ",
"Jordan liked to remain by himself, and he had no concern about dying on the battlefield. ",
"Additionally, the character Maria is at first a meek, traumatized victim of abuse in a prison camp. ",
"When Jordan and Maria meet, they change dramatically.",
"\n\nJordan’s love for Maria heals her from the wounds she suffered at the hands of men back in the prison. ",
"At the same time, Jordan comes to value his life more when he has new feelings evoked by his unity with Maria. ",
"Together they make plans to make a life with one another back in the United States, and that becomes the inspiration that carries Jordan through the war.",
"\n\nHemmingway’s genius for metaphorical depictions is further described by the a emotionless Robert Jordan, who has entered the war after leaving his professorship back in the United States. ",
"He takes up the Republican side of the Spanish Civil War, and his genius working with explosives earns him a higher position.",
"\n\nAt the start of his service in the war, he believes in the cause very strongly, but at the novel’s beginning, he has become worn down and disillusioned with the cause. ",
"The distinction between the Republican cause and the Fascist cause have blurred and he begins to wonder if both sides aren’t actually the same. ",
"His continued service in the war is almost robotic, he is no longer impassioned to the cause on either side.",
"\n\nAt the novel’s conclusion, Robert Jordan faces death, the denouement of his internal conflict being resolved as he finally is able to identify himself – not as a man of whose function lies only in his ruminations but rather, a man who acts on his instincts. ",
"He has been involved this war for too long despite becoming disillusioned long ago.",
"\n\nHe is tormented by the things he has done, but he ultimately realizes he needs to forget the past to refrain from making mistakes in the present. ",
"He focuses on his love for Maria and at the moment before his death, he is at peace and finally feels a connection with the world around him.",
"\n\nThe first metaphor was the snowstorm that occurred in May and hampered the progress of guerillas as they set out to detonate explosives on the bridge. ",
"The character Robert Jordan watches the snow whipping around him and describes the scene: “it was like the excitement of battle except it was clean” (Hemmingway, p186).",
"\n\nHe enjoys the fact that the snow and weather in general is beyond his control – unlike the war he is currently enduring. ",
"He is also glad that the hindrance of the snow can completely disable man’s technological innovations and stratagems for taking lives. ",
"The snowstorm is a foreshadowing element used in reference to the upcoming deaths of El Sordo and his band.",
"\n\nIt is the snow that leads the fascist soldiers on their trail and eventually leads to their demise, destroying any reinforcements for Jordan’s troops. ",
"The wildness of the snowstorm is mirrors the chaotic ending in which the soldiers run around aimlessly.",
"\n\nAnother metaphor in this novel is the bullfight. ",
"Bullfighting is referenced in the novel as a direct parallel to the senseless violence in war. ",
"The bull represents the powerful force and the matadors represent the bravery of men. ",
"In these fights, death may result but it is a minor risk for the ultimate reward of honor. ",
"Joaquin long dreamed of becoming a bullfighter, and when he tells this to his fellow guerillas, he suffers much ridicule for being too afraid to go through with his dream.",
"\n\nThis condemnation is indicative of the valor that men must have, putting their fears behind them and face death without flinching. ",
"Finito was described as cowardly – a matador who was terrified, but inside the ring, he had the courage of a “lion”, looking the bull in the face and confronting it (Hemmingway, p185).",
"\n\nFor Whom the Bell Tolls is a story about the hardships of war. ",
"As Robert continues through the war, he undergoes many changes and has his entire perception of the world changed through the lens of war’s devastation. ",
"At the end, a gentle peace takes hold of him as the character matures to his height of spiritual connectedness, and this is quickly followed by his death, the ultimate peace.",
"\n\nAuthor: Russell Ransom\n\nRelated Posts\n\nThe average student has to read dozens of books per year. ",
"No one has time to read them all, but it’s important to go over them at least briefly. ",
"Luckily, FreeBookSummary offers study guides on over 1000 top books from students’ curricula!"
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[
"An exchange is a central marketplace with established rules and regulations where buyers and sellers meet to trade. ",
"Some exchanges, referred to as open outcry exchanges, operate using a trading floor where buyers and sellers physically meet on the floor to trade. ",
"Other exchanges, referred to as electronic exchanges, operate by an electronic or telecommunications network instead of a trading floor to facilitate trading in an efficient, versatile, and functional manner. ",
"Electronic exchanges have made it possible for an increasing number of people to actively participate in a market at any given time. ",
"The increase in the number of potential market participants has advantageously led to, among other things, a more competitive market and greater liquidity.",
"\nWith respect to electronic exchanges, buyers and sellers may log onto an electronic exchange trading platform by way of a communication link through their user terminals. ",
"Once connected, buyers and sellers may typically choose which tradeable objects they wish to trade. ",
"As used herein, the term “tradeable object” refers to anything that can be traded with a quantity and/or price. ",
"Examples of tradeable objects may include, but are not limited to, all types of traded events, goods, and/or financial products, which can include, for example, stocks, options, bonds, futures, currency, and warrants, as well as funds, derivatives and collections of the foregoing, and all types of commodities, such as grains, energy, and metals. ",
"The tradeable object may be “real,” such as products that are listed by an exchange for trading, or “synthetic,” such as a combination of real products that is created by the user. ",
"A tradeable object could actually be a combination of other tradeable object, such as a class of tradeable objects.",
"\nWhen a trader selects a tradeable object, traders may access market data related to the selected tradeable object(s). ",
"Referring to FIG. ",
"1, an example communication that might occur between an electronic exchange and a client terminal in accordance with the preferred embodiments is shown. ",
"During a trading session, market data 108 in the form of messages may be relayed from a host exchange 106 over communication links 116 and 112 to a client terminal generally indicated as 102. ",
"As illustrated in FIG. ",
"1, intermediate devices, such as gateway(s) 104 may be used to facilitate communications between the client terminal 102 and the host exchange 106.",
"\nThe market data 108 contains information that characterizes the tradeable object's order book including, among other parameters, order related parameters, and the inside market, which represents the lowest sell price (also referred to as the best or lowest ask price) and the highest buy price (also referred to as the best or highest bid price). ",
"In some electronic markets, market data may also include market depth, which generally refers to quantities available in the market at certain buy price levels and quantities available in the market at certain sell price levels.",
"\nIn addition to providing the tradeable object's order book information, electronic exchanges can offer different types of market information such as total traded quantity for each price level, last traded price, last traded quantity, or order fill information. ",
"Typically, a trader may view the information provided from an exchange via one or more specialized trading screens created by software running on the client terminal 102. ",
"Upon viewing the market information or a portion thereof, a trader may wish to take actions, such as send orders to an exchange, cancel orders at the exchange, or change order parameters, for example. ",
"To do so, the trader may input various commands or signals into the client terminal 102. ",
"Upon receiving one or more commands or signals from the trader, the client terminal 102 may generate messages that reflect the actions taken, generally shown at 110. ",
"It should be understood that different types of messages or order types can be submitted to the host exchange 106, all of which may be considered various types of transaction information. ",
"Once generated, user action messages 110 may be sent from the client terminal 102 to the host exchange over communication links 114 and 116.",
"\nTo profit in electronic markets, market participants must be able to assimilate large amounts of data in order to recognize market trends and to view current market conditions. ",
"Among many different market data types, a trading screen on the client terminal 102 may display volume that has been traded for a tradeable object at different price levels during a trading day, often referred to as volume at price. ",
"In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. ",
"1, the client terminal 102 or the gateway 104 may receive market updates from the host exchange 106, and may use the information provided in the updates to calculate the traded volume for each price level. ",
"Alternatively, the traded volume may be calculated at the host exchange 106 and may be sent to the client terminal 102 in market data updates. ",
"Once the traded volume is calculated and received at the client terminal 102, the traded volume data may be displayed via a trading screen on the client terminal 102. ",
"To illustrate this further, FIGS. ",
"2A and 2B show a type of graphical user interface that may be used to display traded volume related data.",
"\nFIG. ",
"2A shows a graphical interface 200A that can be displayed on a trading screen of the client terminal 102 to show traded volume related information in relation to the market's order book related data. ",
"In particular, the interface 200A shows aggregate buy and sell orders that are currently in the market, as illustrated in columns 204 and 206. ",
"The buy and sell order quantities are shown in relation to prices displayed in a price column 208. ",
"For instance, the best bid is for a quantity of 120 at a price of 140, and the best ask is for a quantity of 75 at a price of 141. ",
"Other bids and asks are shown for illustrative purposes. ",
"The interface 200A also shows graphical representation of traded volume related information for different price levels. ",
"In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. ",
"2A, the traded volume is displayed using a bar chart including a horizontal bar at each price level. ",
"The graphical interface 200A illustrates four bars 210A-216A corresponding to traded volume of 25, 50, 100, and 75, respectively, at four price levels 142-139. ",
"In the illustrated embodiment, the maximum length of the longest bar, the bar corresponding to the quantity of 100 in this example, may correspond to the highest traded volume value, and the length of other bars may be automatically adjusted when the highest traded volume value changes. ",
"Therefore, in other words, the longest bar corresponds to the highest traded volume, and, as the traded volume corresponding to the longest bar increases, the other bars are auto-scaled to represent its traded volumes as percentages of the highest traded volume.",
"\nFIG. ",
"2B shows the same interface of FIG. ",
"2A upon detecting a change in a value of the highest traded volume. ",
"More specifically, the traded volume at the price of 140 has changed from 100 to 200, while the maximum length of the bar 214B remained constant compared to the bar 214A. Consequently, even thought the traded volume values at the price levels, other than 140, have not changed, the lengths of the bars 210B, 212B, and 216B, have been adjusted based on the new maximum traded volume value corresponding to the bar 214B. Since the length of the bars can change even when a traded volume value at a specific price level does not, such implementation may be confusing to a trader who wishes to monitor traded volume values at different price levels. ",
"In a different embodiment, a trader could be given the ability to manually rescale the displayed bars, such as to make one or more bars longer, for example, to plot the progressively increasing traded volume. ",
"However, such a method could also turn out very burdensome to a trader, forcing the trader to focus his attention on monitoring the traded volume and then, responsively, rescaling the bars to view the desired information. ",
"It is therefore desirable to offer user-friendly tools that can assist a market participant in making desirable trades while reducing the risks associated with misreading market information provided to a trader."
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[
"Q:\n\nFacebook API - When user created Facebook account?",
"\n\nI have a website which uses Facebook connect for user accounts. ",
"I'm having some problems with spam, though.",
"\nI'd like to restrict Facebook login from any Facebook account that is less than two weeks old. ",
"I this this would limit the number of people who make fake accounts to get on my site (after I ban their accounts).",
"\nIs this possible with the facebook API?",
"\n\nA:\n\nFacebook API doesn't provide the signup date...\nYou can, however find out if the user has verified their email address. ",
"Something that many bots/spammers don't really do.",
"\nUsing the Graph API...a call such as this will return the \"verified\" field (either TRUE or FALSE):\nhttps://graph.facebook.com/me/?access_token=&fields=verified\n\nA:\n\nOne of the best solutions I found on a similar thread was to find when the earliest profile picture was posted. ",
"Traversing through posts (status updates, timeline posts, activity) is tedious and too costly but given the relatively lower number of profile pictures, traversing though profile pictures is a good way to go. ",
"Most users would likely post a profile picture within a week of creating their account (if not the very same day) provided they are active users. ",
"This gives you a rough idea about the actual account creation date.",
"\nOr why not just use Profile Pictures album?",
"\nOnce you can get access to \"Profile Pictures\" album, you might be able to use created_time field for the album (or sort Profile Pictures by created_time for individual photos).",
"\nEven if the earliest photo was deleted, what are the chances that the user stays without any profile picture for a long time?",
"\nReference:\nhttps://developers.facebook.com/docs/graph-api/reference/v2.0/album\nSee: Facebook API: Get all profile pictures\nfor help with getting profile pictures of a user.",
"\n\nA:\n\nCalling the Facebook API is a (relatively) slow operation; especially if you have to call it multiple times. ",
"So, when possible, it is a good idea to get the information you need, without making API calls.",
"\n\nYou may take a look at http://metadatascience.com/2013/03/11/inferring-facebook-account-creation-date-from-facebook-user-id/. It explains how to figure out the creation date of a Facebook account without having to call the Facebook API, just based on the user’s Facebook UID. ",
"You can also download here the lookup table showing the correlation between Facebook UID and Facebook Account Creation Date.",
"\n\n"
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[
"Communist party leader: Ukrainian authorities glorify Nazi henchmen\n\nJune 19, 2015, 13:40 UTC+3GENEVA\"In today’s Ukraine, we are faced with the fact that the official authorities who are talking about the European choice are in actual fact glorifying the Nazi henchmen,\" Communist party leader said\n\nShare\n\n1 pages in this article\n\nLeader of the Ukrainian Communist Party Pyotr Simonenko\n\nGENEVA, June 19. ",
"/TASS/. Despite talk of the \"European choice,\" the Ukrainian authorities are actually \"glorifying Nazi henchmen and establishing the dictatorship based on force rather than law,\" leader of the Ukrainian Communist Party Pyotr Simonenko told UN representatives during in working meetings in the UN Human Rights Bodies in Geneva.",
"\n\n\"Today it’s very important to present to the world community unbiased information\" on developments in Ukraine, he told TASS. \"",
"Our conversations were frank and honest, they relied on concrete facts and events,\" Pyotr Simonenko said.",
"\n\n\"\"The entire law enforcement system in Ukraine is privatized and distributed between the oligarchs,\" he said. \"",
"The judicial branch of power that should be independent and free is under constant pressure. ",
"Minister of Justice Pavel Petrenko has repeatedly stated threatening judges that he will be sure to use sanctions against them, if they don’t obey his orders related to a particular criminal case.\" \"",
"A McCarthyism-like campaign has been unleashed against the Ukrainian Communist Party, a political case against communists has been framed up, they are trying to ban the Communist Party.\"",
"\n\n\"In today’s Ukraine, we are faced with the fact that the official authorities who are talking about the European choice are in actual fact glorifying the Nazi henchmen and establishing the dictatorship based on force rather than law,\" Simonenko said."
] | {
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[
"Q:\n\ngradle.properties values inside buildscript\n\nI am trying to include a classpath dependency in Gradle build script for a Java project. ",
"I have gradle.properties file which lists two variables: nexusUsername and nexusPassword. ",
"Both of these are used in project root repositories in the same manner as for buildscript repositories bellow, and it's working fine - dependencies are loaded. ",
"\nHowever, when configuring the buildscript like this:\nbuildscript {\n repositories {\n maven {\n credentials {\n username nexusUsername\n password nexusPassword\n }\n url 'https://edited'\n }\n }\n dependencies {\n classpath 'edited'\n }\n}\n\nI get an error like this:\nCould not GET 'https://edited.pom'. ",
"Received status code 403 from server: Forbidden\n\nAccessing the URL given from browser with authentication works.",
"\nAs far as I was able to figure out so far, buildscript gets evaluated at the very beginning of build, hence, properties might not be loaded yet? ",
"If that's true, how to load them?",
"\n\nA:\n\nApparently the issue was accidentally placed extra symbol at the end of the password in gradle.properties between runs. ",
"Works fine.",
"\n\n"
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[
"Q:\n\nReduced suspension of a Hurewicz cofibration\n\nI would like to know whether the reduced suspension of a Hurewicz cofibration of pointed spaces (it is a Hurewicz cofibration when considered as a map of unbased spaces) is an acyclic Hurewicz cofibration.",
"\nI think that this is wrong, but I have no counterexample so far (it will probably involve a degenerately based space).",
"\nNB: By space I mean compactly generated weak Hausdorff ones, but all perspectives could be interesting.",
"\n\nA:\n\nSurprisingly enough, this is true. ",
"This follows immediately by the definition of a monoidal model category, and the fact that the category of pointed spaces under smash product and the Hurewicz model strucutre induced form the one on unbased spaces is monoidal (see More Concise Algebraic Topology for instance).",
"\n\n"
] | {
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[
"Vriksha nursery\n\nVriksha nursery is a second generation nursery based in Mumbai where we strive to change the face of urban gardening in India with over 25,000 gardens executed in Maharashtra/Goa/Gujarat. ",
"We have a team of dedicated professionals who will leave no stone unturned to give you gardens of the utmost quality. ",
"Vriksha nursery has been synonymous with innovation in our field be it set landscaping(over 15000 teleserials/movies/adfilms), temporary landscapes (over 2500 exhibitions and weddings),ikebana flower arrangements, urban farming, rooftop gardens,living walls etc.contact us :9820704069 Email: shaan_lalwani@hotmail.com or better still\n\nDrop by at: 1 ganga apts ,\n\nirla railway soc(2nd last bungalow lane opp papilon hotel )\n\nmumbai 400056.",
"\n\nWHY GO GREEN...WHEN NATURE HAS SO MANY COLOURS TO OFFER!",
"\n\nThursday, June 2, 2011\n\nWorld environment day...in a city that loves the axe effect .",
"\n\nThe other day i woke up to reading a realy disturbing article in the times of india which stated theres 1 tree for every 6 people in our city... what are we thinking..ist it high time we do something about it...We live in this concrete maze and land sharks and insensitive co oprate builders have destroyed the green cover .Our maximum city has lost over 25000 tree in the new decade an an incompetent/impotent tree authority( so called protectors of our green cover)and the utterly corrupt BMC have completely forgotten their duties towards these trees.. Civic data shows that the Tree Authority Committee, chaired by the municipal commissioner, while giving the permission, ordered the transplant of only 7,420 trees. ",
"The trees were chopped to make way for housing and other infrastructure projects.",
"\n\nAccording to the latest tree census, conducted in 2008, Mumbai has close to 20 lakh trees. ",
"That’s one tree for every 6.24 residents. ",
"New York, on the other hand, has three trees per person.",
"\n\nMore than 25,000 trees uprooted to make way for developmental projects have not been replanted. ",
"This is because those who uproot the trees can't be bothered about replanting them, and those who are supposed to ensure that this happens do little by way of follow-up action.",
"\n\nThe rules may appear to be tree-friendly but in fact are not. ",
"According to the Maharashtra (Urban Areas) Preservation of Trees Act, when permission for removal of trees is granted, the applicant has to plant three trees of the same or suitable species within 30 days from the date on which the tree is felled, or the time given by the tree officer, and must deposit at least Rs 2,000 for each tree felled.",
"\n\nThe amount, which can even go up to Rs 5,000 depending on the species, is refunded within two years if the tree is deemed to be growing satisfactorily.",
"\n\nData obtained under the Right to Information Act (RTI) revealed that the Tree Authority had collected Rs 9,24,19,000 for granting permission for removal of trees up to March 2006. ",
"Information obtained under the RTI Act shows the Tree Authority has collected over Rs 9 crore by giving permission for cutting of trees up to 2006. ",
"It means well over 25,000 trees have either not been planted or have not survived.",
"\n\nAlmost every evening driving in the by Versova i see the rampant destroying of the marsh lands a beautiful marsh next to the 4 bungalows has turned into an ugly garment exhibition center and in an identical case in the very same area opp the gurudwara the marshes have given way to a metro station and a housing complex feel so hapless and sad that i cant do absolutely anything about it.",
"\n\niv been flooded by orders for plants for tree plantation drives co-prates such as the zee group,tanishq,LG,CMD,CMS. ",
"Have taken keen interest to procure natives/ flowering/fruiting trees to hold massive tree plantation drives across our city .I also cot calls from a prominent event managment company who wanted to conduct a cheap tree plantation drive by planting tulsi and other 2 RS plants ....ANY PLANTS...id rather starve than do such moronic work.",
"COLLECT YOUR FREE TREE SAMPLES: We at VRIKSHA NURSERY are giving away free tree saplings and urge every1 to please specify the soil/sunlight conditions before collection the saplings so we can give you the perfect var suited to your place.",
"If you live in a society you can collect 2 tree saplings and school/college students get 5 saplings each come along guys its time to do your bit for the environment...\n\nDon't music downloads utorrent forget to look for it.",
"The great thing about free music. ",
"Though the payments are affordable but if you want to download you'll always pay the same amount.",
"Sometimes producers let artists offer cuts from upcoming albums as a promotion.",
"\n\nFollow by Email\n\nAbout Me\n\nI am Shaan Lalwani and am the 31 year old owner of this rapidly expanding concern . ",
"This nursery was passed down to me by my parents who fully supported me in getting my B.Sc degree in horticulture(Dr BSKKV ,Dhapoli) & attending one of the best landscape schools in the world for an M.A. in landscape management(University of Sheffield,U.K).You can get weekly updates on my blog & are free to contact me on my cell number for any questions regarding the gardening world."
] | {
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0.00228310502283105,
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0.01098901098901099,
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0.01694915254237288,
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[
"Corneal flap thickness during laser in situ keratomileusis.",
"\nTo analyze the actual corneal flap thickness (FT) after flap making by MK-2000 microkeratome during laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK), 42 females and 20 males with myopia or myopic astigmatism were enrolled in this study. ",
"FTs were created using a microkeratome with a 130 microm head. ",
"Corneal thickness was measured by ultrasonic pachymeter. ",
"The correlations between FT and central corneal thickness (CCT), keratometric power and age were analyzed. ",
"The mean age at operation for all study subjects was 27.6+/-4.9 years. ",
"The average FT was 133.2+/-15.4 microm. ",
"The average CCT was 540.+/-30.3 microm. ",
"The average keratometric power was 43.66+/-1.32 D. There was a positive correlation between FT and CCT and no correlation between FT and keratometric power or between FT and age. ",
"We recommend that LASIK surgeons inspect the actual FT when using microkeratome."
] | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} | [
0,
0,
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0.009345794392523364,
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[
"tor of m and l.\n13\nLet d(r) = r**2 - 210*r + 7995. ",
"Let u be d(161). ",
"Calculate the highest common factor of u and 3286.",
"\n106\nLet f be (0 + (-2)/4)*2*-155. ",
"Let w = -119 + f. What is the highest common factor of 288 and w?",
"\n36\nLet l(m) be the second derivative of -m**4/12 + 13*m**3/6 + 19*m**2 - 39*m. ",
"Let b be l(12). ",
"Calculate the highest common divisor of 175 and b.\n25\nLet i = -10481 + 11664. ",
"Calculate the greatest common factor of 455 and i.\n91\nSuppose -3*z = -4*k + 322 + 577, -1122 = -5*k + 2*z. ",
"Suppose -58*i = -65*i + k. What is the greatest common factor of 12 and i?",
"\n4\nLet b = -11530 + 11556. ",
"What is the greatest common divisor of b and 6?",
"\n2\nLet x = 60 - 60. ",
"Suppose x = 48*s - 55*s + 1120. ",
"Let p be 4 - 2 - 14/(-1). ",
"Calculate the greatest common divisor of p and s.\n16\nLet h be (36/5)/(-4*2/(-40)). ",
"Let m = h - -28. ",
"Let i be -2*(-2 + 1*-6). ",
"Calculate the highest common factor of m and i.\n16\nSuppose 0 = -4*w + 2*l + 1754, 17*w - 891 = 15*w + 3*l. ",
"Calculate the highest common divisor of w and 765.",
"\n15\nSuppose g + 5 = -3*z - 1, 0 = z + 1. ",
"Let n(x) = -x**3 + 2*x**2 + 8*x - 5. ",
"Let y be n(g). ",
"What is the highest common divisor of 272 and y?",
"\n16\nSuppose 12*o - 485 = -31*o - 141. ",
"Let p = -14 - -70. ",
"What is the highest common factor of o and p?",
"\n8\nLet c be (0 - -7 - 23)/(12/(-3978)). ",
"Calculate the highest common divisor of c and 51.",
"\n51\nLet b = -924 + 942. ",
"Suppose -4*r - 510 = -9*r - 5*m, -2*r - m = -201. ",
"Calculate the highest common factor of r and b.\n9\nLet k(h) = 3*h**2 - 720*h - 20703. ",
"Let p be k(266). ",
"Let a = -4 - -7. ",
"Suppose a*l + 40 = 7*l. ",
"Calculate the highest common factor of p and l.\n5\nSuppose 5*k - 219 = 546. ",
"Let i(d) = d**3 - 32*d**2 + d - 52. ",
"Let p be i(32). ",
"Let c be (-132)/(-10) + 4/p + 4. ",
"What is the highest common divisor of k and c?",
"\n17\nLet v = -115 + 184. ",
"Suppose -99*s = -105*s - 87*s + 8556. ",
"Calculate the highest common divisor of v and s.\n23\nSuppose 3*g + 1710 = 5*d, -g = 3*d - 0*g - 1026. ",
"Let c = d + -525. ",
"Let z be (-2)/(-4) - c/6. ",
"Calculate the highest common factor of z and 217.",
"\n31\nLet b = 47636 - 47507. ",
"Suppose -4*f + 0 = -12. ",
"What is the highest common factor of b and f?",
"\n3\nLet l(m) = m**2 + 13*m - 390. ",
"Let c be l(-30). ",
"Calculate the greatest common factor of c and 344.",
"\n8\nLet x be (-1020)/(-3)*(14 - (-396)/(-30)). ",
"What is the highest common factor of x and 192?",
"\n16\nLet v be (-1344)/(-10) - 1*(-12)/20. ",
"Suppose 0 = 32*f - 27*f - v. What is the highest common factor of f and 36?",
"\n9\nSuppose 0 = -2*r + 2*i + 218, 4*i = 5*r - 157 - 393. ",
"Calculate the greatest common factor of r and 741.",
"\n57\nLet s be 34 + -52 - (-284)/2. ",
"What is the greatest common divisor of 6262 and s?",
"\n62\nLet z(o) = o**3 - 2*o + 25. ",
"Let i be z(0). ",
"Suppose -i = -4*g - g. Suppose -g*l + 540 = -l. ",
"What is the greatest common divisor of l and 15?",
"\n15\nLet v be (-1 - -1 - 4)*(-11 + (-595)/(-70)). ",
"Calculate the greatest common divisor of v and 206.",
"\n2\nLet s = -16 - -232. ",
"Suppose 6*l = -21*l + s. Calculate the highest common factor of 2 and l.\n2\nLet i be ((-6)/5)/(4/(-10)). ",
"Suppose -4*n + 9*n - 2*l + 241 = 0, l + 138 = -i*n. ",
"Let o = 127 + n. What is the greatest common factor of o and 16?",
"\n16\nLet t be (-108)/(-288)*(5 + 83). ",
"What is the greatest common factor of t and 2937?",
"\n33\nLet u = 75 - 145. ",
"Let f be (5 - 30/3)*u. ",
"What is the greatest common divisor of f and 35?",
"\n35\nLet t be (-20631)/(-46)*10/15. ",
"Calculate the greatest common divisor of t and 208.",
"\n13\nSuppose 0*f - 3*c + 490 = 4*f, -3*f - 5*c + 373 = 0. ",
"Let u = 122 - 134. ",
"Let n be (-135)/u - 4/16. ",
"Calculate the highest common factor of f and n.\n11\nSuppose -8*p + 14 = -10. ",
"Let i be (1334/69)/(2/p). ",
"What is the greatest common divisor of i and 232?",
"\n29\nSuppose 0 = -r - 2*y + 13959, 32*y = r + 35*y - 13967. ",
"What is the highest common divisor of r and 146?",
"\n73\nSuppose -14 = -13*o + 25. ",
"Suppose 0 = -3*w - 6, 0 = -3*y - o*w + 82 + 236. ",
"Suppose 3*h = -21 + 102. ",
"Calculate the highest common divisor of y and h.\n27\nLet r(g) = -g**3 - 2*g**2 + 11*g. ",
"Let f be r(-5). ",
"Let y be ((-295)/118)/(1/(-34)). ",
"What is the greatest common factor of f and y?",
"\n5\nLet r be (-37030)/(-70) + (-2 + 0 - 3). ",
"Let u = 777 - r. Calculate the greatest common divisor of u and 23.",
"\n23\nLet t = 8392 - 8382. ",
"Calculate the highest common divisor of t and 2400.",
"\n10\nLet k(u) = u + 8. ",
"Let j be k(-2). ",
"Suppose 4*z - 21 = -n, 8*z - j*z - 2*n = 18. ",
"Calculate the highest common factor of 162 and z.\n6\nLet v(b) = 15*b + 1344. ",
"Let c be v(-89). ",
"Calculate the highest common factor of 3357 and c.\n9\nSuppose 2*l + 19 - 27 = 0. ",
"Suppose -l*k - 29 = -89. ",
"Suppose 13*g - k*g = -42. ",
"What is the greatest common factor of g and 3?",
"\n3\nLet n = 2075 + -1305. ",
"What is the greatest common divisor of 595 and n?",
"\n35\nLet g = -4563 - -4598. ",
"What is the greatest common factor of g and 112?",
"\n7\nLet f(m) = -1056*m + 23. ",
"Let i be f(-2). ",
"Suppose -551 = 24*v - i. What is the greatest common divisor of v and 242?",
"\n22\nLet t be 485760/336 + (-5)/7. ",
"What is the greatest common factor of 85 and t?",
"\n85\nLet u(a) = -20 + 65*a - 88*a + 60*a. ",
"Let c be u(5). ",
"Calculate the highest common factor of c and 22.",
"\n11\nSuppose 3*a + 16*x - 662 = 15*x, 4*x + 667 = 3*a. ",
"What is the highest common divisor of a and 351?",
"\n13\nSuppose 10*w - 3554 - 3348 = -7*w. ",
"What is the greatest common factor of 1044 and w?",
"\n58\nSuppose 5*a + 0*a - 50 = 0. ",
"Let o = -88 - -149. ",
"Let m = 71 - o. What is the highest common divisor of m and a?",
"\n10\nSuppose -705*w - 700 = -715*w. ",
"Suppose 0*o = -3*o + 12. ",
"Suppose -u = -o*u + 30. ",
"Calculate the highest common divisor of w and u.\n10\nLet s be (-3)/21 - (597/(-63) - (-15)/(-9)). ",
"Let n(i) = 4*i**3 - 4*i**2 + 4. ",
"Let p be n(3). ",
"Let c = p - 43. ",
"What is the highest common divisor of c and s?",
"\n11\nLet i = 3663 + -3656. ",
"What is the greatest common divisor of 238 and i?",
"\n7\nLet r = 1372 - 1333. ",
"Suppose 0 = -2*c + 4*c - 6. ",
"Calculate the highest common factor of r and c.\n3\nLet r(j) = 3*j**3 - 21*j**2 + 43*j + 5. ",
"Let w be r(5). ",
"Calculate the highest common factor of w and 110.",
"\n10\nSuppose -122*h + 31518 = 109*h - 213*h. ",
"What is the greatest common factor of h and 1339?",
"\n103\nSuppose 4*h - 1674 = -2*z, 0 = -3*h + 3*z - 286 + 1537. ",
"Let n be (6 - (-13)/(-2))*-38. ",
"What is the highest common divisor of n and h?",
"\n19\nLet g = 54 + -44. ",
"Suppose -5*t = -g*t + 25. ",
"Suppose -2*l = l - 2*u - 64, -t = u. Calculate the greatest common factor of l and 18.",
"\n18\nLet u(h) = 754*h**2 + h + 1. ",
"Let x be u(-1). ",
"Let k = -516 + x. Let q be (-4)/(-34) - (-5684)/k. ",
"Calculate the highest common divisor of q and 32.",
"\n8\nLet m = -30 - -76. ",
"Let a be ((-34)/(-9) - 1) + (-38)/(-171). ",
"Suppose -3*d + 191 = -4*z, d + 2*z + 130 = a*d. ",
"What is the highest common factor of d and m?",
"\n23\nLet x(t) = 99*t**2 - 70*t - 140. ",
"Let j be x(-2). ",
"Calculate the highest common factor of 36 and j.\n36\nLet m(t) = 2*t + 9. ",
"Let p be m(-1). ",
"Let l be ((-12)/p)/((-36)/2142). ",
"What is the greatest common factor of 272 and l?",
"\n34\nSuppose 5*t = 5*o + 6590, 8*t - 6592 = 3*t + 4*o. ",
"Suppose 10*x = -2*x + t. Let j = -19 + x. What is the greatest common factor of 13 and j?",
"\n13\nSuppose -24 = -2*a - a - 2*l, 0 = 4*a - 3*l - 15. ",
"Suppose -4*u = -0*u - 16, -938 = -5*y - 2*u. ",
"Calculate the highest common divisor of a and y.\n6\nLet f(s) = -s**3 - 6*s**2 + 4*s - 1. ",
"Let q be f(-7). ",
"Suppose 3*d + 734 = 818. ",
"Calculate the greatest common factor of q and d.\n4\nLet q(t) = 254*t + 406. ",
"Let o be q(0). ",
"Calculate the greatest common factor of o and 42.",
"\n14\nLet h = -278 + 281. ",
"Let l be (0 - h) + 51/3. ",
"Calculate the highest common factor of 35 and l.\n7\nLet g be (-470)/(8 - 10) - 11. ",
"Calculate the greatest common factor of 8176 and g.\n112\nLet b(i) = 2*i**2 - 17*i + 7. ",
"Let m be b(20). ",
"Let q = 486 - m. Calculate the greatest common divisor of q and 779.",
"\n19\nLet p(i) = 13*i**2 - 142*i + 2525. ",
"Let f be p(18). ",
"Calculate the greatest common divisor of f and 113.",
"\n113\nSuppose 126*g = 1004 + 253 + 255. ",
"Let d be (2/(-3))/((-4)/54). ",
"What is the highest common divisor of d and g?",
"\n3\nLet z(a) = 5*a - 7. ",
"Let n(d) = 9*d + 12. ",
"Let m be n(0). ",
"Let x be z(m). ",
"What is the greatest common divisor of 371 and x?",
"\n53\nSuppose 11*c - 28 = 7*c. ",
"Let r = -1212 + 1214. ",
"What is the highest common factor of c and r?",
"\n1\nLet c = -613 + 809. ",
"Calculate the highest common factor of c and 168.",
"\n28\nSuppose 5*d + 2*u + 10 = -3*u, 2*d = 2*u - 4. ",
"Let m = 16 - d. Let g be 6/(5/(-240)*-8). ",
"Calculate th"
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[
"What makes open source projects special isn’t the software or even the licensing, it’s the pooling of talents and the spirit of free giving around these projects.",
"\n\nBut not all open source initiatives become the object of corporate sponsorship or widespread devotion. ",
"And some that get such support don’t always keep it.",
"\n\nHere are four projects we’ve noticed that are especially in need of support, sponsorship, financial aid, manpower — or all of the above.",
"\n\n1. ",
"PyPI\n\nWhat it is: Python Package Index, the official repository for packages used in the Python language ecosystem.",
"\n\nWhy it needs help: PyPI has been maintained more or less single-handedly by Donald Stufft, maintainer of the pip project that manages Python packages. ",
"While an employee of HP Enterprise, Stufft rewrote PyPI from scratch to make it faster and easier to use, but he recently lost his job and is looking for both new work and stalwarts who can help PyPI.",
"\n\n2. ",
"OpenStreetMap\n\nWhat it is: An independently maintained project that provides maps of the world, down to the street level. ",
"OpenStreetMap is used by many other projects that employ geographic data.",
"\n\nWhy it needs help: The project values its independence and has subsisted from year to year on donations and the occasional corporate sponsor. ",
"The project’s needs are relatively modest — €70,000 per year — but as of this writing it is €30,000 short of that goal. ",
"Donations cover not only operating expenses but also legal fees, administration, and all the other nitty-gritty involved in a project of this type.",
"\n\n3. ",
"OSTIF\n\nWhat it is: OSTIF is a corporate nonprofit that “connects open-source security projects with much needed funding and logistical support,” including security audits.",
"\n\nWhy it needs help: It only makes sense for security-related projects to be open source, but the openest source in the world isn’t actually safe until someone with security expertise does their due diligence. ",
"And that requires money. ",
"OSTIF gathers donations, grants it to projects that need audits, and ensures that the money goes toward hiring staff to perform such work. ",
"OpenSSL, GnuPG, and VeraCrypt are some examples of projects that were audited using OSTIF funding.",
"\n\n4. ",
"OpenBSD\n\nWhat it is: OpenBSD is part of the BSD family of operating systems, now in its 41st major release (version 6.0), with an emphasis on high security by default.",
"\n\nWhy it needs help: The OpenBSD Foundation raises money to keep OpenBSD development chugging along, but it’s fallen on hard times. ",
"In 2014 it almost closed its doors when it was socked with massive electric bills for its datacenter; only a last-minute donation of $20,000 kept OpenBSD solvent. ",
"The situation this year is also looking tough. ",
"The Foundation has raised a little over $165,000 out of a desired $250,000 for the year, but with only a month to go it may miss its target.",
"\n\n[Edited to properly describe the OpenBSD release.]"
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[
"-3*q + 51. ",
"What is g(f)?",
"\n3\nLet s(c) be the second derivative of c**4/6 - 49*c**3/6 + 25*c**2/2 + 514*c. ",
"Give s(24).",
"\n1\nLet g(t) = -2*t - 7. ",
"Let o(a) = 6*a + 21. ",
"Suppose 2*b - 5*p + 9 = 56, -5*b + 2*p = -65. ",
"Let j(n) = b*g(n) + 4*o(n). ",
"Give j(6).",
"\n19\nLet p(v) be the second derivative of v**4/3 - 4*v**3/3 + 9*v**2/2 - 1126*v. ",
"Determine p(5).",
"\n69\nLet x = 1 + -7. ",
"Let d(p) = -15*p**2 + 1218*p - 24. ",
"Let o(n) = n**2 - 71*n + 1. ",
"Let s(c) = d(c) + 17*o(c). ",
"What is s(x)?",
"\n-1\nSuppose -3*r - 2 = -r. ",
"Let n(t) = 124*t - 359*t + 114*t + 119*t. ",
"Give n(r).",
"\n2\nLet h(l) = l**3 + 6*l**2 - 8*l. ",
"Let b(m) = 4*m - 41. ",
"Let z be b(11). ",
"Suppose 6 - z = g. Suppose v - g*y = 2*v - 5, 0 = 5*y - 20. ",
"Determine h(v).",
"\n7\nLet g be -11 + 16 + (26 - 5). ",
"Let u(z) = -z + 22*z**2 + g*z**2 - 7 + 17*z**2 + z**3 - 61*z**2. ",
"Determine u(-5).",
"\n-27\nLet h(q) = 3*q - 13. ",
"Let t be h(7). ",
"Suppose t*l - 3*l + z = 22, -2*l + 5*z = 2. ",
"Suppose 7*p + l - 25 = 0. ",
"Let k(a) = a**3 - 4*a**2 + a - 2. ",
"Determine k(p).",
"\n-8\nLet b(o) = 30*o + 21. ",
"Let u(h) = -46*h - 27. ",
"Let w(k) = 8*b(k) + 5*u(k). ",
"Determine w(-4).",
"\n-7\nLet c(p) = 26*p + 125. ",
"Suppose -18 = -18*o + 4*o - 88. ",
"Calculate c(o).",
"\n-5\nSuppose -2*p + 5*i = 3*p - 40, 4*i = -2*p - 14. ",
"Let n(f) = -3*f + 15*f**2 + 12*f**2 - 26*f**2 + p. Calculate n(4).",
"\n7\nLet l(j) = j**2 - 9*j - 2. ",
"Let q(b) = b**3 - 3*b**2 - 18. ",
"Let d be q(4). ",
"Let a be d/(-2) + (-21)/(9 + -16). ",
"Determine l(a).",
"\n-22\nLet g(w) = w**3 + 41*w**2 + 78*w - 6. ",
"Let s be 22*(-23)/(-1012)*-78. ",
"Give g(s).",
"\n-6\nLet w be (873/194)/(0 + 2/(-8)*2). ",
"Suppose 0 = 4*y + y - 45. ",
"Let z(d) = 2 + 6*d**2 + 10*d - 5*d**2 + y. What is z(w)?",
"\n2\nLet y be (12121/(-1426))/(6/4 - 1). ",
"Let s(f) = -f**2 - 20*f - 32. ",
"Determine s(y).",
"\n19\nLet l(b) = b**2 - 4*b - 5. ",
"Let k(p) be the first derivative of -7*p**2/2 - 115*p - 131. ",
"Let a be k(-17). ",
"Calculate l(a).",
"\n-5\nLet d(u) = -24*u + 125. ",
"Let n(g) = 544*g - 1082. ",
"Let x be n(2). ",
"What is d(x)?",
"\n-19\nLet v(p) be the first derivative of -p**4/4 - 10*p**3/3 - 7*p**2 + 19*p + 35. ",
"Give v(-8).",
"\n3\nLet a(o) be the second derivative of -o**4/12 + o**3/3 + 13*o**2/2 - 25*o - 1. ",
"Give a(-3).",
"\n-2\nLet c = -3 - 3. ",
"Let n(p) = 15*p**2 - p - 6. ",
"Let m(l) = 7*l**2 - 3. ",
"Let v(d) = -14*d**2 + 1. ",
"Let b be v(-1). ",
"Let z(y) = b*m(y) + 6*n(y). ",
"What is z(c)?",
"\n3\nLet i be 34*(-3)/6*(-6)/6. ",
"Suppose 0 = i*w + 103 - 137. ",
"Let f(m) = m**3 - m**2 + m - 2. ",
"Give f(w).",
"\n4\nLet c(m) = -m**2 + 5*m - 5. ",
"Let t(a) = 7. ",
"Let l(f) = -c(f) - 8*t(f). ",
"Determine l(10).",
"\n-1\nLet m(i) be the first derivative of -9*i**2/2 - 9*i - 1911. ",
"What is m(-4)?",
"\n27\nLet s(m) = m**3 - 10*m**2 - m + 8. ",
"Let g(j) = 5*j**3 - 2*j**2 + 3*j - 8. ",
"Let t be g(3). ",
"Let a = t - 108. ",
"Give s(a).",
"\n-2\nLet n = 154049 - 154045. ",
"Let k(h) be the second derivative of -h**4/12 + 2*h**3/3 - 5*h**2/2 - h. Give k(n).",
"\n-5\nLet k be (-3)/(((-3)/(-5))/(578/(-170)))*1. ",
"Let p(x) = -2*x + 30. ",
"Determine p(k).",
"\n-4\nSuppose 6620 = 3*c - 12*o + 11*o, 3*c + 4*o - 6595 = 0. ",
"Let h(r) = -2*r**2 + 2205 - c - 2*r**2. ",
"Suppose 0*s + 2*w = -2*s, 4*w - 4 = 0. ",
"Give h(s).",
"\n-4\nLet z(c) = 665 + 7*c + 15*c**3 - 664 + 4*c**2 - 36*c**3 + 23*c**3 + 3*c**2. ",
"Determine z(-3).",
"\n-11\nLet l(q) = q**3 + 2*q**2 - 7*q + 5. ",
"Suppose 2*d - 16 = -5*b, -5*d = 4*b - 16 - 7. ",
"Give l(b).",
"\n7\nLet y = 5104 + -5101. ",
"Let l(m) = 2*m**2 - 4*m + 5. ",
"Calculate l(y).",
"\n11\nLet r(i) be the first derivative of -i**2 - i**3 + 61 - 1/4*i**4 - 3*i. ",
"Suppose 3*o + 13 = h, -h = 4*o + 3 + 5. ",
"What is r(o)?",
"\n3\nLet f(c) be the second derivative of c**4/12 + c**3/6 - c**2/2 - 3*c + 3. ",
"Let g(y) = y**3 - 12*y**2 + 21*y - 13. ",
"Let x be g(10). ",
"Determine f(x).",
"\n5\nLet s(c) = c**2 - 11*c - 12. ",
"Suppose 5*y + 8*y = 4*y. ",
"Suppose -19*n + 11 + 198 = y. Determine s(n).",
"\n-12\nLet r(i) = 2*i - 7. ",
"Let q(y) = -y + 3. ",
"Let p(x) = 9*q(x) + 4*r(x). ",
"Suppose 11*d + 9*d = 80. ",
"Suppose 0 = -d*z + 3*k - 28, -3*k + 5 = -2*z - 3. ",
"What is p(z)?",
"\n9\nLet d(z) = 53*z - 6*z + 2991 - 2616. ",
"Give d(-8).",
"\n-1\nSuppose -3*y + 48 = 12. ",
"Suppose -n - 4*q - 2 - 2 = 0, 0 = -3*n - 3*q - y. Let t(d) be the first derivative of -d**3/3 - 3*d**2/2 - 2*d - 138. ",
"Determine t(n).",
"\n-6\nLet b(g) be the second derivative of g**5/60 + 13*g**4/24 + 3*g**3/2 - 139*g**2/2 + 60*g. ",
"Let r(o) be the first derivative of b(o). ",
"Calculate r(-6).",
"\n-33\nSuppose -2059*h + 1865*h - 1552 = 0. ",
"Let t(n) = 1 + 5*n + 5 + n**2 + 3*n. ",
"What is t(h)?",
"\n6\nLet n(i) = 50*i**2 + 13*i + 34. ",
"Let x(u) = 43*u**2 + 13*u + 34. ",
"Let m(j) = 6*n(j) - 7*x(j). ",
"Calculate m(-10).",
"\n-4\nLet v(b) = 11*b**2 - 87*b + 77. ",
"Let l(i) = -2*i**2 + 15*i. ",
"Let t(x) = 6*l(x) + v(x). ",
"Give t(10).",
"\n7\nLet d(m) = -8*m + 13. ",
"Suppose -65*t = -302 - 218. ",
"Give d(t).",
"\n-51\nSuppose -2*w - 4*s = 10, -4*w + 0*w - 5*s = 5. ",
"Suppose 2*p = -0*k - w*k + 15, k - 21 = -4*p. ",
"Let m(t) = 8*t - 1. ",
"Determine m(k).",
"\n7\nLet z be (-1)/4*-2*(-264)/(-11). ",
"Let h(k) be the third derivative of k**4/8 - 13*k**3/3 + 22*k**2 + 2*k. ",
"What is h(z)?",
"\n10\nSuppose -48*c + 9*c = 172*c + 1688. ",
"Let o(r) = -r**2 - 6*r + 1. ",
"What is o(c)?",
"\n-15\nLet c(k) be the second derivative of -k**5/60 - 7*k**4/24 + k**3/3 + 73*k**2/2 - 40*k. ",
"Let o(j) be the first derivative of c(j). ",
"Calculate o(-7).",
"\n2\nSuppose 0*p + 13 = -p. ",
"Let d(b) = 14*b**2 + 6*b + 1. ",
"Let w(i) = 28*i**2 + 13*i + 2. ",
"Suppose 0 = -2*k - 0*k + 12. ",
"Let v(t) = k*w(t) + p*d(t). ",
"Give v(-1).",
"\n-15\nLet b(c) = 53*c**2 + 53811*c - 54*c**2 - 53810*c. ",
"Suppose -2*y + 7 + 5 = 0. ",
"Determine b(y).",
"\n-30\nLet p(i) = i**3 + 3*i**2 + i - 3. ",
"Let r be p(0). ",
"Let u(v) = -v**3 - 2*v**2 + 3*v + 5. ",
"What is u(r)?",
"\n5\nLet b be 1 - (18/2 - 2). ",
"Let w(z) = -4*z - 10. ",
"Let c be w(-3). ",
"Let m(x) = -x**2 + 46*x - 1 + 2 + 2*x**c - 39*x. ",
"Determine m(b).",
"\n-5\nLet l(r) = r**2 + 16*r - 21. ",
"Let z(s) = 6*s + 271. ",
"Let d be z(-48). ",
"Determine l(d).",
"\n-4\nLet d(g) = -5*g**2 + 14*g - 29. ",
"Let x(w) = w**2 - w + 2. ",
"Let u(k) = d(k) + 4*x(k). ",
"Give u(6).",
"\n3\nLet b = -137 + 135. ",
"Let d = 10 + -7. ",
"Let o(q) = 7*q**3 - 1 - 4*q + 2*q**2 + 3*q - q**3 - d*q**3. ",
"Determine o(b).",
"\n-15\nLet t(c) = c**3 - c**2 - 2*c + 1. ",
"Suppose 31*j - 4850 = -12693. ",
"Let w = -251 - j. What is t(w)?",
"\n1\nLet z(l) be the first derivative of -l**2/2 + 7*l - 325. ",
"Give z(8).",
"\n-1\nLet q(x) = -x**3 + 16*x**2 + 17*x + 14. ",
"Let n(g) = -8*g - 375. ",
"Let u be n(-49). ",
"What is q(u)?",
"\n14\nLet s(p) = -13*p - 38. ",
"Let u be s(-4). ",
"Let c(w) = w - 25. ",
"Determine c(u).",
"\n-11\nLet w(x) = x**2 - 12 + 24 - 21*x + 2*x + 33 - 2*x. ",
"Determine w(22).",
"\n67\nLet q(g) = -139*g - 164. ",
"Let k(y) = 47*y + 54. ",
"Let x(s) = -17*k(s) - 6*q(s). ",
"Let c be x(-2). ",
"Let r(b) = -2*b + 3*b**2 - 6*b**2 + 5 + 2*b**2. ",
"Give r(c).",
"\n-3\nLet r be 7/3 + (-2)/(-3). ",
"Suppose -5*h - 5 = -2*c, 3*h = 3*c + 3 + r. Let f(a) = 794*a + a**3 + 7 + 6*a**2 + 770*a + 792*a - 2351*a. ",
"What is f(c)?",
"\n7\nLet x = 307 + -295. ",
"Let b(h) = 5 - x*h - 6*h - 15 - h**2 + 6*h. ",
"Give b(-11).",
"\n1\nSuppose -197 = 60*v + 103. ",
"Let f(k) = k**3 + 0*k + 3*k**2 + 3*k**2 - k - 3 - k**2. ",
"Calculate f(v).",
"\n2\nSuppose 159*h - 54 = 132*h. ",
"Let v(f) be the third derivative of 0*f + 1/3*f**3 - 1/120*f**6 + 21*f**h - 1/15*f**5 + 0 + 1/6*f**4. ",
"Calculate v(-4).",
"\n-14\nLet k(j) = 8*j**3 - 20*j**2 + 1. ",
"Let u(i) = -9*i**3 + 21*i**2 - 2*i - 1. ",
"Let l(n) = 8*k(n) + 7*u(n). ",
"Give l(14).",
"\n1\nLet n(f) = -f**3 + 8*f**2 + f - 7. ",
"Let r = -23 + 13. ",
"Let u(p) = -p**3 - 11*p**2 - 8*p + 28. ",
"Let a be u(r). ",
"Give n(a).",
"\n1\nLet l(g) be the first derivative of g**3/3 - g**2/2 + g + 1151. ",
"Suppose 4*o = -o + 40. ",
"Suppose o = 7*k - 3*k. ",
"Determine l(k).",
"\n3\nSuppose 5*i = -4*c + 7 - 11, 0 = -5*i - c - 1. ",
"Suppose -4*a - 4*j = 44, 2*a = -5*j - i*j - 37. ",
"Let u(o) = 2*o + 6. ",
"Give u(a).",
"\n-6\nLet m be 2 + (-6)/(-15) + 3/5. ",
"Suppose -4*z + m - 39 = 0. ",
"Let c(y) = -y**3 - 11*y**2 - 19*y - 12. ",
"Let l be c(z). ",
"Let f(g) = g + 3. ",
"Determine f(l).",
"\n0\nLet s(k) = -1771*k + 0 + 1 - 1781*k + 5343*k - 1773*k. ",
"Suppose -4*m - 4*l - 10 = -3*m, -2*l = -4*m - 4. ",
"Calculate s(m).",
"\n-35\nSuppose -244 = 7*h - 937. ",
"Let m(a) = 6 + 196*a**2 + 9*a - h*a**2 - 96*a**2. ",
"Give m(-8).",
"\n-2\nLet g(a) = -3*a**2 + 18*a - 16. ",
"Let b(j) = -4*j**2 + 20*j - 8. ",
"Let c(m) = -2*b(m) + 3*g(m). ",
"Give c(12).",
"\n-8\nLet n(a) be the second derivative of a**4/4 - 17*a**3/3 - 19*a**2 - 9*a + 195. ",
"Calculate n(12).",
"\n-14\nSuppose 20*c = -3055 - 2905. ",
"Let q = -302 - c. Let y(t) = -t**3 - 3*t**2 + 2*t - 9. ",
"What is y(q)?",
"\n-1\nLet u(k) = -8916 + 17962 - 9*k - 8811. ",
"Give u(26).",
"\n1\nSuppose 42*z - 26 = 29*z. ",
"Let h(p) = 0*p**3 + p**3 + p - 4*p**2 + p + 1. ",
"Let r(i) = 4*i**3 - 17*i**2 + 8*i + 4. ",
"Let q(b) = 9*h(b) - 2*r(b). ",
"Determine q(z).",
"\n5\nSuppose -5*d + 25 + 15 = "
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[
"Q:\n\nHiding the dialog on startup for a system tray application\n\nI'm writing an application in C++ that runs as a system tray icon. ",
"When the application initially starts up the main dialog loads up and takes focus, which isn't the behavior I intend it to have. ",
"Is there a way to load the system tray icon without having the main dialog load up?",
"\n\nA:\n\nIf you used the standard mfc project wizard, then the code that displays the dialog is in your applications's InitInstance method.",
"\nJust comment out the dlg.",
"DoModal() and m_pMainWnd = &dlg; parts and you will be fine. ",
"\nNote that you might have to code your own message loop otherwise your application will just exit after these changes.",
"\n\n"
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[
"Pages\n\nThursday, November 7, 2013\n\nIntroducing Bésame Cosmetics!!",
"\n\nI was having a very good hair day yesterday and want to share these two pictures with you before I continue on to my article~\n\nOkay, that's over with! ",
"Enjoy my article about a (not so) new company I found out about recently!",
"\n\nI may work in the beauty industry, but I'm finding it increasingly hard to find makeup products that I love. ",
"I know, that sounds crazy. ",
"I mean, I love makeup, and I love buying makeup, but I'm also huge on visual representation as well as the quality of the product, and frankly, I'm bored.",
"\n\nSure, the black compacts of high end brands look sleek and professional, but they're boring. ",
"The drugstore brand makeup packaging is blah as well.",
"\n\nWhen I carry something around with me in my handbag, I want it to look as beautiful as I feel while wearing it. ",
"Something to stand apart from the sea of black compacts and black lipstick tubes. ",
"Something that says \"Hey! ",
"I believe in glamour, even in my makeup bag!\"",
"\n\nI thought all hope was lost...until I discovered Bésame Cosmetics!",
"\n\nBésame Cosmetics is the child of Gabriela Hernandez, an Argentenian-American makeup artist, cosmetic historian, and a degree in Fine Arts from the prestigious Art Center in Pasadena, California, and (most importantly) and a passion for vintage glamour and historical accuracy!",
"\n\nHer inspiration for the cosmetics line, launched in 2004, was a combination of her love for art and design, feminine detail, and \"fond memories of her own glamorous grandmother.\"",
"\n\n(Pictured is Violet Brightening Loose Powder)\n\nThe packaging takes cues from vintage makeup and the Art Deco movement, giving an elegant feel to the compacts and lipsticks.",
"\n\nBésame Cosmetics Classic Color Lipstick - $22\n\nSpeaking of lipsticks, they come in 1940's inspired gold tubes, and the color formulations are divine~ they contain lip conditioners like aloe, green tea, and vitamins A, C, and E for comfortability as well as all-day wear, and promise opaque, semi-matte, feather proof application.",
"\n\nBésame Cosmetics Signature Powder - $42\n\nThe Signature Powder comes in a gorgeous refillable compact that I need to get my hands on! ",
"Sadly, it's currently sold out in every shade :( I need this in my life so badly!",
"\n\nBésame Cosmetics Crimson Cream Rouge - $22\n\nThe Crimson Cream Rouge comes (like everything else) in a vintage reproduction tin, and is sheer and blendable enough to wear for every day looks, or you can build it for a more dramatic color. ",
"It can also be used as a lip balm/stain!",
"\n\nThis. ",
"This is probably my favorite thing from the line, and it's not even released yet! ",
"It's a reproduction of Bésame's original 1930's Mascara, but they took it up a notch and reformulated it to a cake mascara!!! ",
"If you don't know, mascaras used to be applied with a small brush from a cake just like this one. ",
"Liquid mascaras didn't come around until later. ",
"My grandmother used to tell me about this when I was younger, and I am SO excited that this is going to be a thing once again and can't wait to try it out!",
"\n\nThis makeup line! ",
"It's just...well...to put it this way, it's the bees knees! ",
"This is the stuff that my dreams are made of! ",
"I am so incredibly thrilled that it exists and I want to own everything from the collection! ",
"They have a store in Burbank, CA, which I am hoping to visit soon, and when I do I am going to buy everything! ",
"And take pictures of everything, with everything, and post them everywhere!",
"\n\nUntil then, however, I will be obsessively checking my email, Bésame's Facebook and Twitter pages for any word of when their signature compact is going to come back in stock ;u;\n\nDon't forget to follow me on Twitter (@greenlikejuly_) and Instagram (@opheliadanger) for random updates usually including pictures and I'll talk to you later!"
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[
"Background {#Sec1}\n==========\n\nConsumption of high dietary glucose is a risk factor for the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in humans \\[[@CR1], [@CR2]\\]. ",
"The total number of deaths attributable to high blood glucose in 2012 was estimated as 3.7 million, 1.5 million of which were due to diabetes \\[[@CR3]\\]. ",
"High glucose intake leads to postprandial glycemia, insulinemia, and lipidemia in healthy overweight people \\[[@CR4]\\]. ",
"Moreover, longer exposure to dietary high glucose is associated with the development of T2DM \\[[@CR5]\\]. ",
"These findings indicate that control of dietary glucose intake is an important strategy to combat the development of obesity and T2DM. ",
"Recent studies have focused on the mechanisms controlling blood glucose turnover during obesity and T2DM. ",
"For example, sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1 (SGLT1) is a protein that has been targeted to control reabsorption of glucose from the kidney \\[[@CR6]\\]. ",
"Moreover, hepatic glucose production from glycogen has been studied as a therapeutic target molecular pathway in the development of T2DM \\[[@CR7]\\]. ",
"Glucose-dependent molecular mechanisms contributing to obesity and T2DM have been extensively studied in the adipose tissue, liver, pancreas, and brain. ",
"The small intestine may also be an important tissue to investigate glucose metabolism during obesity and T2DM, as it can contribute to systemic glucose production in fasted and diabetic states \\[[@CR8]\\]. ",
"Moreover, the gene expression and morphology of the small intestine are altered during obesity \\[[@CR9]\\]. ",
"These adaptive changes of the small intestine may be uncontrolled during high nutrient consumption and metabolic disease states. ",
"The small intestine mainly consists of enterocytes, which directly interact with dietary nutrients and transfer them into the circulatory system \\[[@CR10]\\]. ",
"The rate of interaction between nutrients and enterocytes varies depending on the eating habits of individuals.",
"\n\nRecent studies suggest that there may be a physiological interaction between enterocytes and glucose that contributes to intestinal dietary glucose sensing \\[[@CR9], [@CR11], [@CR12]\\]. ",
"In humans, high dietary glucose consumption elevates glucose levels in the lumen of the intestine and in the blood; hence, enterocytes are exposed to high levels of glucose in both the diet and the blood. ",
"This situation can be continuous in obese people, due to the consumption of foods containing high levels of glucose \\[[@CR13]\\]. ",
"It is unknown how enterocytes respond to high glucose levels in either the diet or the blood. ",
"Hence, investigations to improve the understanding of the adaptive physiological changes of enterocytes in response to high glucose consumption are warranted. ",
"In this study, we examined the genome-wide molecular responses of enterocytes to high glucose. ",
"Our results demonstrate that chronic high glucose exposure influences specific molecular pathways and genes that may be important in the control of intestinal glucose absorption during high glucose consumption.",
"\n\nResults {#Sec2}\n=======\n\nEffect of high glucose on cellular tight junctions and measurement of glucose efflux {#Sec3}\n------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nThe monolayer structure formation and tight junction permeability of Caco-2 cells are commonly evaluated by measurement of transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) along with *OCLN* and *ZO1* gene mRNA levels \\[[@CR14], [@CR15]\\]. ",
"We grew Caco-2 cells in bicameral cell culture chambers to mimic the human intestine and measured TEER and *OCLN* and *ZO1* mRNA expression levels to evaluate the intestinal barrier function of our experimental model. ",
"The TEER levels of control and high glucose-treated 21-day postconfluent Caco-2 cell groups were not significantly different (Table [1](#Tab1){ref-type=\"table\"}) and neither were *OCLN* and *ZO1* mRNA levels significantly affected by high glucose treatment (Table [1](#Tab1){ref-type=\"table\"}). ",
"These results demonstrate that high glucose did not interfere with barrier formation by monolayer Caco-2 cells.",
"Table 1Effect of high glucose on cell permeabilityCtrl+Glc*p* valueSignificanceTEER (ohm/cm^2^)934 ± 32.35809.5 ± 39.290.0707NSNormalized *OCLN* mRNA levels1 ± 0.0950.93 ± 0.100.6096NSNormalized *ZO1* mRNA levels1 ± 0.0641.05 ± 0.140.7336NSCaco-2 cells were grown on collagen-coated inserts in 5.5 and 25 mM glucose containing DMEMs for 21 days. ",
"TEER value was measured before RNA isolation. ",
"Occludin (*OCLN*) and Zoolin1 (*ZO1*) mRNA levels were measured by RT-qPCR, and relative fold changes of gene expression levels were analyzed. ",
"Statistical significance was determined by Student's *t* test. ",
"Values are expressed as the mean ± SD; *n* = 3 independent experiments with three technical replicates\n\nThe function of enterocytes involves absorption of dietary nutrients (nutrient uptake) and their transport into the blood circulation (nutrient efflux). ",
"We tested cellular glucose efflux under control and high glucose treatment conditions. ",
"Glucose efflux was significantly increased in the glucose-treated group relative to the controls at the 90-min (*p* = 0.0031; 1.4-fold), 120-min (*p* = 0.01; 1.4-fold), and 240-min (*p* = 0.0049; 1.9-fold) time points (Table [2](#Tab2){ref-type=\"table\"}), suggesting that Caco-2 cells mimic the human intestine in terms of glucose efflux in our experimental model.",
"Table 2Cellular glucose effluxTime (min)Ctrl+Glc*p* valueSignificance0105.5 ± 4.50114.5 ± 2.50.2225NS30104.5 ± 1.50121.0 ± 7.00.1477NS60103.5 ± 5.50128.0 ± 2.00.0526NS9096.5 ± 2.50135.5 ± 2.50.0031Yes120105.5 ± 4.00142.5 ± 3.50.0195Yes24090.00 ± 5.0169.5 ± 2.50.0049YesThe glucose efflux was measured from the basolateral surface of the two experimental groups at 0-, 30-, 60-, 120-, 180-, and 240-min time points. ",
"Results were given as milligrams per deciliter. ",
"Statistical significance was determined by Student's *t* test. ",
"Values are expressed as the mean ± SD; *n* = 3 independent experiments with three technical replicates\n\nHigh glucose alters mRNA expression levels of glucose-regulated genes {#Sec4}\n---------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nBefore genome-wide array analysis was performed, we tested whether high glucose affected the regulation of glucose-related genes in Caco-2 cells. ",
"Thus, we analyzed mRNA expression of *GLUT2*, *GLUT5*, and *SGLT1*. ",
"mRNA expression levels of *GLUT2* (1.8-fold; *p* = 0.0001), *GLUT5* (1.5-fold; *p* = 0.0004), and *SGLT1* (1.4-fold; *p* = 0.0053) were significantly lower in the high glucose-treated group relative to the controls (Table [3](#Tab3){ref-type=\"table\"}).Table 3mRNA expression levels of glucose-regulated genesGenesCtrl+Glc*p* valueSignificance*GLUT2*1.004 ± 0.0350.5465 ± 0.0550.0001Yes*GLUT5*1.014 ± 0.0640.6490 ± 0.0440.0004Yes*SGLT1*1.023 ± 0.0830.7186 ± 0.0400.0053YesTotal RNA was isolated from the control and the high glucose-treated (+Glc) groups. ",
"RT-qPCR was performed to analyze relative expression levels of genes from the two experimental groups. ",
"Statistical significance was determined by Student's *t* test. ",
"Values are expressed as the mean ± SD; *n* = 3 independent experiments with three technical replicates\n\nClassification of differentially expressed genes and confirmation of mRNA expression of genes from molecular pathways {#Sec5}\n---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nMicroarray technology was used to identify genes that were differentially expressed in experimental samples. ",
"When we compared the control and high glucose-treated groups, we identified a total of 297 and 382 genes that were significantly up- and downregulated, respectively (≥ 1.5-fold change; *p* \\< 0.05) in response to high glucose treatment. ",
"The list of high glucose-regulated genes is available under GEO accession number GSE97977 ( <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE97977>; Additional file [2](#MOESM2){ref-type=\"media\"}: Table S2 and Additional file [3](#MOESM3){ref-type=\"media\"}: Table S3). ",
"These genes were used to identify high glucose-regulated molecular pathways by DAVID bioinformatics program using KEGG Pathways database. ",
"The gene IDs were converted to DAVID gene IDs that were associated with particular pathway annotation terms. ",
"The enrichment of molecular pathways was performed by Benjamini-Hochberg method, and *p* ≤ 0.05 was used as a cutoff value in DAVID annotation model. ",
"Intracellular protein export (*p* = 0.0069) and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis (*p* = 0.024) pathways were identified as significantly induced, whereas glycolysis-gluconeogenesis (*p* \\< 0.0001), pentose phosphate (*p* = 0.0043), and fructose-mannose metabolism (*p* = 0.013) pathways were significantly downregulated by high glucose treatment in Caco-2 cell monolayers after 21 days (Table [4](#Tab4){ref-type=\"table\"}). ",
"The detailed information for high glucose-regulated pathways can be found in Additional file [4](#MOESM4){ref-type=\"media\"}: Figure S2, Additional file [5](#MOESM5){ref-type=\"media\"}: Figure S2, Additional file [6](#MOESM6){ref-type=\"media\"}: Figure S3, Additional file [7](#MOESM7){ref-type=\"media\"}: Figure S4, and Additional file [8](#MOESM8){ref-type=\"media\"}: Figure S5.Table 4Functional analysis of high glucose-regulated up- or downregulated genesUpregulated pathways*p* valueNumber of genesUbiquitin-mediated proteolysis2.4 × 10^−2^7Protein export6.9 × 10^−3^3Downregulated pathways Glycolysis/gluconeogenesis3.0 × 10^−5^10 Pentose phosphate4.3 × 10^−3^5 Fructose and mannose metabolism1.3 × 10^−2^5Microarray data showed a total of 297 upregulated and 382 downregulated genes in response to high glucose treatment. ",
"The high glucose-regulated genes were subjected in DAVID bioinformatics analyze program to describe the functional molecular pathways along with the number of genes in each pathway\n\nQuantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis of genes identified by microarray analysis {#Sec6}\n----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nGenome-wide mRNA array technology provides valuable information about the genomic regulation of cells; however, technical procedures can affect microarray results \\[[@CR16]\\]. ",
"Therefore, we performed RT-qPCR experiments to confirm the regulation of individual genes from the identified molecular pathways. ",
"In the intracellular protein export pathway, mRNA levels of *SRP14* (1.4-fold; *p* = 0.002) and *SRP54* (1.8*-*fold; *p* = 0.0003) and in the ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis pathway, mRNA levels of *UBE2L6* (2-fold; *p* = 0.0007), *UBE2Q2* (1.6-fold; *p* = 0.01), and *SKP1* (1.5-fold; *p* = 0.03) were significantly increased in the high glucose-treated group compared with the controls (Table [5](#Tab5){ref-type=\"table\"}). ",
"However, RT-qPCR analysis of the *SRP72* gene in the protein export pathway did not indicate similar regulation to that determined by microarray analysis. ",
"We also selected common genes from molecular pathways that were downregulated by high glucose treatment and found that mRNA levels of *ALDOA* (1.5-fold; *p* = 0.006), *ALDH2* (2.8-fold; *p* = 0.01), *PFKP* (2.9-fold; *p* = 0.0002), *PGAM1* (1.7-fold; *p* = 0.03), *PGD* (2.1-fold; *p* = 0.002), and *PFKFB3* (4.3-fold; *p* = 0.003) were significantly reduced in pathways downregulated by high glucose treatment (Table [5](#Tab5){ref-type=\"table\"}).Table 5Confirmation of mRNA expression of genes from molecular pathwaysGenesCtrl+Glc*p* valueSignificanceGroup1 *SRP14*1.008 ± 0.0461.419 ± 0.1020.002Yes *SRP54*1.038 ± 0.1011.804 ± 0.1130.0003Yes *SRP72*1.095 ± 0.201.177 ± 0.1010.7509NSGroup 2 *UBE2L6*1.002 ± 0.1512.034 ± 0,1850.0007Yes *UBE2Q2*1.000 ± 0.1361.578 ± 0.1390.01Yes *SKP1*1.005 ± 0.1671.516 ± 0.1510.03YesGroup 3 *ALDOA*1.000 ± 0.0870.6652 ± 0.0420.006Yes *ALDH2*1.000 ± 0.1380.3593 ± 0.1460.01Yes *PFKP*1.000 ± 0.0880.3360 ± 0.0740.0002Yes *PGAM1*1.000 ± 0,1080.5777 ± 0.1380.03Yes *PGD*1.000 ± 0.1010.4760 ± 0.0660.002Yes *PFKFB3*1.000 ± 0.1790.2334 ± 0,0820.003YesThe gene expression levels from molecular pathways were analyzed by RT-qPCR method. ",
"The relative changes of mRNA expression levels in the protein export (group1) and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis (group2) pathways were indicated in the table. ",
"The mRNA expression of common genes from molecular pathways that were downregulated by high glucose treatment was shown as group 3 in the table. ",
"Statistical significance was determined by Student's *t* test. ",
"Values are expressed as the mean ± SD; *n* = 3 independent experiments with three technical replicates\n\nInvestigation of microarray data on glucose-regulated genes {#Sec7}\n-----------------------------------------------------------\n\nWe also searched our gene expression array data to find relevant candidate gene(s) that may be important in enterocyte glucose metabolism under high-glucose conditions. ",
"High glucose significantly induced levels of transcription of *TXNIP* (3.2-fold; *p* = 0.0001) and *LCN15* (6-fold; *p* = 0.0016) genes whereas mRNA levels of *ABCA1* (5.3-fold; *p* = 0.0004) and *IRX3* (13-fold; *p* = 0.0001) were downregulated in the high glucose treatment group (Table [6](#Tab6){ref-type=\"table\"}).Table 6Glucose-regulated mRNA levels of individual genesGenesCtrl+Glc*p* valueSignificance*TXNIP*1.000 ± 0.1403.170 ± 0.1460.0001Yes*LCN15*1.000 ± 0.1295.992 ± 1.2700.0016Yes*ABCA1*1.000 ± 0.1450.1939 ± 0.0450.0004Yes*IRX3*1.000 ± 0.1530.07723 ± 0.0270.0001YesMicroarray data indicated individual candidate genes that might be important for intestinal glucose metabolism during high glucose consumption. ",
"High glucose treatment significantly induced *TXNIP* and *LCN15* mRNA expression levels relative to the control group while *ABCA1* and *IRX3* mRNA levels were downregulated in the high glucose-treated group. ",
"Statistical significance was determined by Student's *t* test. ",
"Values are expressed as the mean ± SD; *n* = 3 independent experiments with three technical replicates\n\nDiscussion {#Sec8}\n==========\n\nIn this study, we used the established in vitro Caco-2 monolayer system to model the effects of high glucose exposure on intestinal enterocytes. ",
"The results of TEER measurement and evaluation of the expression of genes encoding the tight junction proteins, OCLN and ZO1, indicated that the cells successfully formed a monolayer barrier that was not disrupted by exposure to high glucose levels.",
"\n\nInitial experiments to evaluate the effects of glucose on known glucose-regulated genes indicated that *SGLT1*, *GLUT5*, and *GLUT2* were downregulated in response to high glucose exposure. ",
"The regulations of *SGLT1* and *GLUT5* genes in this paper are in contrast with Mahraoui et al. ",
"\\[[@CR17]\\]. ",
"They reported that the glucose consumption of early (p29) or late (p198) passages of Caco-2 cells was different, and the mRNA regulations of *SGLT1*, *GLUT5*, and *GLUT2* genes were affected by passage number of the cells and basal glucose consumption rate. ",
"Northern blot analysis from the same study indicated that 21-day high glucose (25 mM) treatment of Caco-2 cells can significantly induce *SGLT1* and *GLUT5* mRNA expression levels compared to low glucose-treated groups (1 mM). ",
"However, *GLUT2* mRNA level was reduced by high glucose treatment, which we observed similar results for *GLUT2* mRNA expression. ",
"There are different steps of experimental approaches between these two studies. ",
"We used polarized Caco-2 cells from 35 to 45 passages and maintained Caco-2 cells under high-glucose condition for longer time periods. ",
"Moreover, we compared mRNA expression results from 25 and 5.5 mM glucose treatment groups. ",
"It seems possible that these factors might affect the regulation of *SGLT1* and *GLUT5* genes. ",
"It has been shown that *SGLT1* and *GLUT2* mRNA expression levels were induced when glucose level was increased into the lumen of the intestine in in vivo \\[[@CR18], [@CR19]\\]. ",
"It has been indicated that intracellular and extracellular factors are involved in the regulations of glucose transporters \\[[@CR20], [@CR21]\\]. ",
"The different mRNA regulations of *SGLT1* and *GLUT2* in in vitro and in in vivo might be due to those factors that are not predominantly regulated in in vitro models under high glucose treatment. ",
"Despite these differences, we may at least conclude that high glucose influences the genetic responses of Caco-2 cells.",
"\n\nSeveral molecular pathways, including intracellular protein export and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis (upregulated), along with glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, pentose phosphate, and fructose-mannose metabolism (downregulated), were identified as responsive to high glucose in our in vitro enterocyte model. ",
"Changes in these molecular pathways under high-glucose conditions should also be evaluated at the functional level to determine the physiological relevance of the findings of the current study to enterocyte glucose metabolism during high glucose treatment in vivo.",
"\n\nA search for genes of particular interest among those identified as regulated by elevated glucose using genome-wide microarray analysis detected several strong candidates, including *ABCA1*, *IRX3*, *TNXIP*, and *LCN15*. ",
"ABCA1 is involved in cellular cholesterol efflux and provides cholesterol to high-density lipoproteins (HDL). ",
"The intestine expresses high levels of ABCA1, indicating that this tissue is a major cholesterol source for plasma HDL; indeed, intestinal ABCA1 contributes 30% of circulating HDL cholesterol \\[[@CR22]\\]. ",
"High dietary cholesterol intake in the intestine increases basolateral ABCA1 mRNA and protein levels in enterocytes \\[[@CR23]\\]. ",
"However, high glucose reduces *ABCA1* mRNA and protein levels in the macrophages, decreasing cholesterol flux from the macrophages to the blood; hence, glucose influences cholesterol metabolism via control of *ABCA1* gene expression. ",
"Our results also demonstrate that high glucose can reduce *ABCA1* mRNA expression levels in intestinal enterocytes, and levels of cholesterol efflux from the cells in our experimental model should be measured to allow definitive conclusions to be drawn from our results. ",
"Surprisingly, *IRX* mRNA expression was also regulated in Caco-2 cells under high glucose treatment, since *IRX3* is highly expressed in the brain and involved in feeding behavior \\[[@CR24]\\]. ",
"Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the *IRX3* gene are reported as strongly associated with BMI in human subjects \\[[@CR24]\\]. ",
"Moreover, *IRX3* knockout mice had body weights approximately 30% less than their wild-type littermates \\[[@CR24]\\], suggesting that the *IRX3* gene is closely related to obesity. ",
"Glucose-regulated *IRX3* mRNA regulation was shown, for the first time in our study; however, the function of intestinal *IRX3* is unknown, and regulation of *IRX3* in the intestine under high glucose consumption requires further investigation. ",
"High glucose significantly induced mRNA levels of the *TXNIP* and *LCN15* genes. *",
"TXNIP* plays a role in glucose uptake and is involved in glucose production in the mouse liver \\[[@CR25], [@CR26]\\]. *",
"TXNIP*-mutant mice become hypertriglyceridemic and hypoglycemic during fasting \\[[@CR27]\\]. ",
"These observations suggest that *TXNIP* may be an important candidate intracellular regulator of enterocyte glucose metabolism. ",
"There is very limited information about *LCN15* in the literature, and its physiological function is unknown; however, it is a member of the lipocalin gene family, of which *LCN2* is a well-studied member involved in obesity and diabetes. *",
"LCN2*, also known as an adipokine, is secreted from the adipose tissue, and its expression is elevated in obese humans and T2DM mouse models \\[[@CR28]\\]. *",
"LCN2*-null male mice are protected from high fat diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance \\[[@CR29]\\]. ",
"It was concluded that *LCN2* may be an adipose tissue regulator that modulates glucose metabolism in murine tissues and in the 3T3-L1 adipocyte cell culture model \\[[@CR30]\\]. ",
"These studies clearly suggest that *ABCA1*, *IRX3*, *TXNIP*, and *LCN15* may physiologically interact with high glucose in enterocytes. ",
"An important finding of the current study is that intestinal glucose absorption may be controlled via *TXNIP* and *LCN15*.",
"\n\nConclusions {#Sec9}\n===========\n\nAn important limitation of this study was the use of the colon carcinoma cell line, Caco-2, as a model of the human intestine. ",
"Although Caco-2 is a cancer cell line, it is established in the literature as an in vitro model of the human intestine system, and there are no alternative non-cancerous human cell lines that function similarly. ",
"The scope of this study was limited to enterocyte glucose metabolism gene regulation during high glucose treatment; therefore, the study findings should be interpreted with caution. ",
"However, the results provide valuable information regarding the molecular and genetic responses of enterocytes to high glucose levels, which is the main nutritional contributor to the development of obesity and T2DM. ",
"Studies of the intestine and obesity have largely focused on intestinal glucose sensing and reduced intestinal glucose absorption through delaying the breakdown of carbohydrates in enterocytes, while the mechanisms by which enterocytes respond to high glucose levels have not been investigated previously. ",
"Thus, the identification of candidate genes (for example, *TXNIP*) involved in the control of intestinal glucose absorption during high glucose consumption is important. ",
"Moreover, enterocytes exposed to high glucose may communicate, possibly via *LCN15*, with endocrine cells in the intestine or peripheral tissues. ",
"This screen of glucose-dependent genetic regulation in enterocytes has identified important target genes and will facilitate further investigation of the control of glucose metabolism in enterocytes during high glucose intake, which is a common cause of the progression of obesity and T2DM.",
"\n\nMethods {#Sec10}\n=======\n\nCulture of Caco-2 cells {#Sec11}\n-----------------------\n\nThe human colorectal adenocarcinoma epithelial cell line, Caco-2, was purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, HTB-37). ",
"Caco-2 cells were maintained at 37 °C in a 5% CO~2~/95% O~2~ atmosphere. ",
"They were grown in DMEM supplemented with 15% (*v*:*v*) fetal bovine serum (Gibco, Cat. ",
"No.: ",
"10500), 1% penicillin and streptomycin solution with antimycotic (Sigma, Cat. ",
"No.: ",
"A5955), and 1% (*v*:*v*) nonessential amino acids (Gibco, Cat. ",
"No.: ",
"11140). ",
"Cells were separated into two groups: control (ctrl) and high glucose-treated (+Glc), which were grown in DMEM cell culture medium containing different glucose concentrations (selected based on a previous report \\[[@CR31]\\]) as follows: ctrl group 5.5 mM glucose (Sigma, Cat. ",
"No.: ",
"D6046) and +Glc group 25 mM glucose (Sigma, Cat. ",
"No.: ",
"D6429). ",
"Cells were maintained in 5.5 and 25 mM DMEM cell culture media for three passages (28 days) to acclimate to the different glucose conditions. ",
"The experiments were performed when Caco-2 cells were between passages 35 and 45.",
"\n\nModeling of the human intestinal system and glucose treatment {#Sec12}\n-------------------------------------------------------------\n\nWhen Caco-2 cells are grown in a bicameral cell culture system, they can polarize to produce apical and basolateral surfaces \\[[@CR32]\\], mimicking the human small intestine \\[[@CR33], [@CR34]\\]. ",
"Caco-2 cells (10^6^/cm^2^) from the control and high glucose-treated groups were seeded on collagen-coated polytetrafluoroethylene membrane with 0.4-μm pore size and 1.12 cm^2^ diameter (Corning, Cat. ",
"No.: ",
"3493). ",
"After 3 days of confluent culture, the cells were grown for an additional 21 days in the bicameral cell culture system in the indicated DMEM media. ",
"Media were changed every 2 days during the 21-day experimental period. ",
"Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) was measured using an Epithelial Volt/Ohm Meter (EVOM; World Precision Instruments, USA) to confirm polarization of the monolayer and cell integrity. ",
"The TEER value of polarized Caco-2 cells should be at least 250 Ω/cm^2^ \\[[@CR34]\\].",
"\n\nMeasurement of cellular glucose efflux {#Sec13}\n--------------------------------------\n\nWe measured glucose efflux to the basolateral surface of the Caco-2 cell monolayer to test the function of the small intestine model. ",
"After ctrl and +Glc Caco-2 cells had been cultured for 21 days, the apical surfaces of the polarized cell monolayers were maintained in DMEM containing 5.5 and 25 mM (modeling high dietary glucose consumption) glucose; the basolateral surfaces of both experimental groups were incubated in DMEM containing 5.5 mM glucose. ",
"Samples were collected from the basolateral surfaces of the two experimental groups at 0-, 30-, 60-, 120-, 180-, and 240-min time points. ",
"The glucose levels on the basolateral surfaces of the monolayers were measured using a Glucose Oxidase Enzymatic Assay kit, according to the manufacturer's protocol (Sigma, Cat. ",
"No.: ",
"GAGO20). ",
"Data were normalized to total protein levels. ",
"Total proteins were extracted from cells using RIPA buffer \\[[@CR35]\\] and their concentrations determined using a BCA protein assay kit (Pierce, Cat. ",
"No.: ",
"23227).",
"\n\nRNA isolation and RT-qPCR {#Sec14}\n-------------------------\n\nTotal RNA was isolated using RNAzol reagent (MRC, Cat. ",
"No.: ",
"RN190), according to the manufacturer's protocol. ",
"Total RNA samples were dissolved in DEPC water, followed by measurement of their concentrations using a NanoDrop instrument (Thermofisher, MA, USA). ",
"Each RNA sample was separated into two aliquots for microarray analysis and RT-qPCR. ",
"One microgram of each RNA sample was converted to cDNA using a cDNA synthesis kit (Lifetech, Cat. ",
"No.: ",
"4368814). ",
"To determine the mRNA expression levels of genes, RT-qPCR was performed on an ABI StepOnePlus instrument (Lifetech, CA, USA) by SYBR-Green mix (Lifetech, Cat. ",
"No.: ",
"4367659). ",
"The running method of RT-qPCR is as follows: 95 °C/10 min, 40 cycles (95 °C/10 s, 60 °C/1 min), and melt curve stage (95 °C/15 s, 60 °C/1 min). ",
"Human cyclophilin A was used as a housekeeping gene for normalization of mRNA expression results. ",
"Primer sequences are listed in Additional file [1](#MOESM1){ref-type=\"media\"}: Table S1. ",
"The 2^−∆∆Ct^ analysis method was applied to calculate mean fold changes in mRNA levels \\[[@CR36]\\].",
"\n\nGenome-wide microarray analysis {#Sec15}\n-------------------------------\n\nThe integrity of RNA samples from each group was assessed using an Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer and RNA 6000 Nano reagent (Agilent). ",
"RNA samples were converted to cRNA using an Ambion Illumina Total Prep RNA Amplification Kit. ",
"cRNA samples were loaded onto a microarray (HumanHT-12 v4 Expression BeadChip) then left overnight for hybridization. ",
"Finally, the BeadChip was read and analyzed using a microarray laser reader. ",
"The significance of the mRNA expression between the control and the high glucose-treated groups was calculated Log~2~ fold change of ± 1.5 with *p \\< 0.05.*",
"\n\nGene ontology and statistical analyses {#Sec16}\n--------------------------------------\n\nSignificantly regulated mRNAs between the control and the high glucose-treated groups were conducted to DAVID Functional Annotation Bioinformatics Microarray Analysis 6.7 (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases), to determine statistically overrepresented molecular pathways. ",
"KEGG Pathways database was used for functional annotation enrichment analysis. ",
"Fisher exact test was used with selected value (*p* ≤ 0.05) in DAVID annotation system. ",
"All the results were expressed as means ± SD. ",
"Student *t* test was performed for relative gene expression to compare the two groups. ",
"GraphPad Prism (version 6.0 for Windows, GraphPad. ",
"CA, USA) was used to calculate significance between groups.",
"\n\nAdditional files\n================\n\n {#Sec17}\n\nAdditional file 1:**Table S1.** ",
"The Primer list for RT-qPCR. (",
"PDF 856 kb) Additional file 2:**Table S2.** ",
"The list of the significantly downregulated genes under high glucose treatment condition (382 genes). (",
"XLSX 89 kb) Additional file 3:**Table S3.** ",
"The list of the significantly upregulated genes under high glucose treatment condition (297 genes). (",
"XLSX 85 kb) Additional file 4:**Figure S1.** ",
"Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis Pathway (Upregulated). (",
"TIFF 497 kb) Additional file 5:**Figure S2.** ",
"Intracellular protein export pathway (Upregulated). (",
"TIFF 872 kb) Additional file 6:**Figure S3.** ",
"Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis Pathway (Downregulated). (",
"TIFF 416 kb) Additional file 7:**Figure S4.** ",
"Pentose Phosphate Pathway (Downregulated). (",
"TIFF 490 kb) Additional file 8:**Figure S5.** ",
"Fructose and Mannose Metabolism Pathway (Downregulated). (",
"TIFF 857 kb)\n\nABCA1\n\n: ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A member1\n\nALDH2\n\n: Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2\n\nALDOA\n\n: Aldolase A\n\nCaco-2\n\n: Colorectal adenocarcinoma epithelial cell\n\nGLUT2\n\n: Glucose transporter 2\n\nGLUT5\n\n: Glucose transporter 5\n\nIRX3\n\n: Iroquois homeobox 3\n\nLCN15\n\n: Lipocalin 15\n\nPFKFB3\n\n: 6-Phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3\n\nPFKP\n\n: Phosphofructokinase platelet\n\nPGAM1\n\n: Phosphoglycerate mutase 1\n\nPGD\n\n: Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase\n\nPTFE\n\n: Polytetrafluoroethylene\n\nSGLT1\n\n: Sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1\n\nSKP1\n\n: S-phase kinase-associated protein 1\n\nSRP14/54/72\n\n: Signal recognition particle 14 kDa/54 kDa/72 kDa\n\nT2DM\n\n: Type 2 diabetes mellitus\n\nTEER\n\n: Transepithelial electrical resistance\n\nTXNIP\n\n: Thioredoxin-interacting protein\n\nUBE2L6\n\n: Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme *E2L 6*\n\nUBE2Q2\n\n: Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2Q family member 2\n\n**Electronic supplementary material**\n\nThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12263-018-0602-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.",
"\n\nWe thank the Izmir Institute of Technology, Biotechnology and Bioengineering Research and Application Center for providing their laboratory facilities.",
"\n\nFunding {#FPar1}\n=======\n\nThis work was supported by a grant (TUBITAK, ID: 214Z217) from Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey. ",
"The funding bodies had no role in the design of the study, analysis, or interpretation of data.",
"\n\nAvailability of data and materials {#FPar2}\n==================================\n\nThe list of the high glucose-regulated genes can be found with GEO accession number: GSE97977. ",
"Accessed 7 December 2017.",
"\n\nSG designed the investigation. ",
"TB and SG performed the experiments, interpreted the data, and wrote the manuscript. ",
"Both authors read and approved the final manuscript.",
"\n\nEthics approval and consent to participate {#FPar3}\n==========================================\n\nNot applicable.",
"\n\nCompeting interests {#FPar4}\n===================\n\nBoth authors declare that they have no competing interests.",
"\n\nPublisher's Note {#FPar5}\n================\n\nSpringer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.",
"\n"
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[
"Fiber optic transmission lines, also referred to as fiber optic cables, are finding ever increasing uses for transmission of telecommunication and data signals, which are typically analog and digital in nature, respectively. ",
"The use of such fiber optic transmission lines has several advantages over conventional electrical cables. ",
"For example, fiber optic materials frequently possess a cost advantage over electric cables. ",
"Furthermore, the power required to drive optic signals is frequently less than that required for many electrical cables. ",
"It may also be noted that optical transmission of data provides an enhanced rate of information transfer over longer distances.",
"\nIn typical applications, fiber optic connectors require a coupling device which effectively optically couples the fiber optic transmission line with an opto-electronic device (OED). ",
"The OED is further electronically coupled by two or more lead wires to electronic circuits which operate in conjunction with the OED. ",
"In a large number of important applications, such electronic circuits, including integrated circuits, are mounted on a printed circuit board or ceramic substrate. ",
"Furthermore, electronic equipment such as computers, diagnostic devices, analytical equipment and the like frequently utilize two or more printed circuit boards stacked in a high density, parallel fashion in order to satisfy the continuing need for electronic equipment of reduced size. ",
"To accommodate the use of optical transmission devices in such densely packed parallel arrangements of circuit boards, it is commonly required that the fiber optic cable enter the printed circuit board along a path substantially parallel to the board with which it will interface.",
"\nIn order to accommodate the need for a parallel arrangement between the fiber optic cable and the associated printed circuit board, heretofore used connectors have utilized a packaging arrangement in which the OED is mounted in a tubular housing adapted to coaxially mate with the ferrule of the fiber optic cable. ",
"Such tubular housings are commonly mounted to a casing which is in turn mounted to the printed circuit board containing the associated electronic circuits.",
"\nConventional fiber optic connectors are disclosed in the following U.S. Pat. ",
"Nos. ",
"4,186,995--Schumacher; 4,222,629--Dassele et al.; ",
"4,273,413--Bendiksen et al.; ",
"4,307,934 --Palmer; and 4,911,519--Burton et al.",
"\nOptical connectors of the type disclosed in the foregoing patents, while possessing certain desirable characteristics, nevertheless have several disadvantages which impair the effectiveness of such devices. ",
"For example, applicants have recognized that such devices possess a relatively high degree of parasitic inductance, capacitance and resistance as a result of the numerous soldered and/or wire-bonded connections between the OED and the printed circuit board. ",
"Furthermore, such coupling devices, and the assembly thereof with other electronic components entail relatively expensive and complex manufacturing procedures. ",
"Such manufacturing procedures are also undesirable since they produce a high level of tolerance build-up and frequently require active alignment procedures as part of the final assembly."
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"Primary inoculation blastomycosis in a veterinarian.",
"\nA veterinarian cut his finger while performing an autopsy on a dog subsequently confirmed to have died of blastomycosis. ",
"A typical chancriform complex developed at the site of inoculation. ",
"Culture of the lesion grew Blastomyces dermatitidis. ",
"Healing of the lesion occurred after 7 months and a course of potassium iodide. ",
"This is the first reported case of a canine necropsy accident leading to primary inoculation blastomycosis."
] | {
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[
" \n# \n\n# \nCopyright © 2016 by Mike Carey\n\nForeword copyright © 2016 by Bob Costas\n\nAll rights reserved. ",
"No part of this book may be reproduced in any manner without the express written consent of the publisher, except in the case of brief excerpts in critical reviews or articles. ",
"All inquiries should be addressed to Sports Publishing, 307 West 36th Street, 11th Floor, New York, NY 10018.",
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"Special editions can also be created to specifications. ",
"For details, contact the Special Sales Department, Sports Publishing, 307 West 36th Street, 11th Floor, New York, NY 10018 or sportspubbooks@skyhorsepublishing.com.",
"\n\nSports Publishing® is a registered trademark of Skyhorse Publishing, Inc.®, a Delaware corporation.",
"\n\nVisit our website at www.sportspubbooks.com.",
"\n\n10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1\n\nLibrary of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available on file.",
"\n\nCover design by Tom Lau\n\nCover photographs courtesy of Arthur Hundhausen, remembertheaba.com.",
"\n\nPrint ISBN: 978-1-61321-963-8\n\nEbook ISBN: 978-1-61321-964-5\n\nPrinted in the United States of America\nTo retired Chief Warrant Officer 5 David Nolan, who was a combat helicopter maintenance test pilot for twenty-six years. ",
"During his distinguished military career, he served a year in El Salvador, a year in Korea, ten months in Kuwait, twenty-seven months in Iraq, a year in Egypt, and three years in Afghanistan. ",
"In 2012, he was awarded the Bronze Star.",
"\n\nAlso, to Jeff Twiss, Boston Celtics Vice President of Media Services and Alumni Relations, who is the best in the business. ",
"In fact, the only public relations person to ever approach his level of work ethic, knowledge, and helpfulness was his mentor, the late Howie McHugh. ",
"And that's the ultimate compliment to Jeff.",
"\n\nAnd to my friend Brian McIntyre, retired NBA senior adviser to the commissioner and the man who never failed to have David Stern's back.",
"\nTABLE OF CONTENTS\n\nForeword by Bob Costas\n\nPreface\n\nOne: Party On\n\nTwo: The Runt from Apartment 3D\n\nThree: Fighting to Earn Respect\n\nFour: An Improbable Friendship\n\nFive: Handling Success... and Failure\n\nSix: The Tire Iron Incident\n\nSeven: Making a Run for the NCAA Title\n\nEight: A Free Spirit and the Big Bad Woolf\n\nNine: The Rookie Experience: Comedy and Chaos\n\nTen: Putting the \"Fun\" in Dysfunctional\n\nEleven: Marvin vs. The Doctor: A Brief Shining Moment\n\nTwelve: The St. Louis Connection\n\nThirteen: High on Cocaine\n\nFourteen: Motown Madness\n\nFifteen: \"Losing His Mind\" on the Celtics Bench\n\nSixteen: \"Stuck on Stupid\" for Almost a Year\n\nSeventeen: On the Road to Nowhere\n\nEighteen: California Dreamin'\n\nNineteen: Behind Prison Walls\n\nTwenty: Reaching Out to Help\n\nTwenty-One: A Straight Talk with God\n\nTwenty-Two: \"The Race\"\n\nEpilogue\n\nAcknowledgments\n\nPhoto Insert\nForeword by Bob Costas\n\nIn the fall of 1974, Marvin Barnes and I were rookies together in the ABA—teammates in a sense—with the Spirits of St. Louis. ",
"He was a first-team All-American from Providence and the nation's leading rebounder as a senior. ",
"From among those who were beginning their pro careers that season, only UCLA's Bill Walton, who joined the Portland Trail Blazers, was more highly regarded.",
"\n\nMarvin carried himself with the ease and self-assurance of a born star, which, his future calamities notwithstanding, he absolutely was.",
"\n\nI was a kid out of Syracuse trying to act as if I knew what I was doing—as if I somehow belonged on the same station where Jack Buck was the voice of the Cardinals, where Harry Caray and Joe Garagiola had once been his broadcasting partners.",
"\n\nMarvin and I were each twenty-two, although I looked like I was fifteen. ",
"On the court he would often perform incredible feats, and I would do my best to describe them. ",
"Off the court, we somehow hit it off. ",
"We were always comfortable with each other. ",
"And no matter the often-twisted road he followed as his career progressed, we stayed in touch. ",
"There were gaps, but we would always reconnect. ",
"To be sure, some of what he did was indefensible, but his combination of magnetism, wit, and sheer likability made you want to give him second chances, and then third, and eventually eighth and ninth. ",
"After a while, I lost track.",
"\n\nThrough it all, over four decades, I was pretty sure that no member of the media knew Marvin Barnes as a player and a person as well as I did. ",
"That is, until Mike Carey came along.",
"\n\nMike's biography of Marvin Barnes is the product of years of meticulous research and vivid personal experiences. ",
"I thought I knew Marvin's story, in all its brief glory and squandered possibility, in all its hilarity and tragedy. ",
"Turns out, I didn't know the half of it.",
"\n\nBut here are two things I always knew. ",
"The life of Marvin Barnes is one of the great untold stories in American sports, with enough twists and turns, enough of what was and what might have been, to inspire a novel. ",
"The other thing I know for sure was that, as least for a while, Marvin Barnes was one of the best basketball players I have ever seen.",
"\n\nJulius Erving was the personification of the ABA, its greatest and most celebrated player. ",
"And yet there were nights when Marvin Barnes completely outplayed him. ",
"Didn't just hold his own against him. ",
"Outplayed him.",
"\n\nMarvin and Moses Malone broke into the ABA in the same season. ",
"Moses would go on to a Hall of Fame career. ",
"He would be the NBA's MVP three times. ",
"The ABA's Rookie of the Year for the 1974–75 season? ",
"Marvin Barnes.",
"\n\nHow good was the quality of play in the ABA, a league at first scorned by the NBA but whose three-point shot, slam dunk contests, and celebration of individual flair would soon enough be embraced by the NBA? ",
"Good enough that in the first year after the merger (1976–77), 10 of the 24 players in the NBA All-Star Game and half of the 10 starters in the league finals between the 76ers and the Trail Blazers had played in the ABA. ",
"And all of them would tell you there were times when Marvin Barnes was as good as or better than any of them.",
"\n\nWhen the NBA celebrated its 50th anniversary in 1997, the league named its 50 greatest players of all-time. ",
"I have no doubt that had Marvin Barnes achieved anything close to his full potential, he would have been among them. ",
"But the fact that he was not—and the reasons he was not—is what give this story its resonance and poignancy.",
"\n\nThis book captures everything Marvin was. ",
"Endearing and infuriating. ",
"Self-aggrandizing and self-destructive. ",
"Fall-down funny and fatally flawed. ",
"A wonder and a waste. ",
"My unlikely and unforgettable friend.",
"\nPreface\n\nWhat follows is hardly a cold, detached account of the tumultuous rise and fall of Marvin Barnes. ",
"Fact is the onetime basketball superstar, who died on September 8, 2014, at the age of sixty-two after battling addiction throughout adulthood, was a friend of mine for more than thirty-seven years. ",
"I was his counselor, his critic, and for most of the final four years of his life, his landlord and housemate.",
"\n\nWe first became acquainted in 1977 when he was playing for the Detroit Pistons and I was the night news editor at the Boston Herald American. ",
"I had written a lengthy article for the Sunday sports section about the former Providence College All-American and his many run-ins with the law, including a felony conviction for attacking a teammate with a tire iron. ",
"Barnes, quite predictably, had refused to be interviewed for the piece. \"",
"I don't talk to reporters no more,\" he told me in a 20-second phone conversation. \"",
"You're all scumbags.\"",
"\n\nOn the day the piece was published, I received an unexpected call. \"",
"This is Marvin. ",
"Nice story you wrote,\" he said. \"",
"There were a couple things I disagree with, but all in all, you did right by me. ",
"Like to meet you one of these days.\"",
"\n\n\"Tell me, Marvin, why would you want to meet with a scumbag?\" ",
"I said.",
"\n\nFor the next 10 seconds, the only sound I heard was his booming belly laugh. \"",
"You got me good with that one,\" he finally said.",
"\n\nA month later, Barnes phoned again, inviting me to visit him at, of all places, the Rhode Island Adult Correctional Institute, where he had just begun serving a four-month sentence for having violated the terms of probation in his assault case by attempting to carry an unloaded pistol onto a plane at Detroit's Metro Airport.",
"\n\nStrictly to satisfy my increasing curiosity about the man frequently referred to in the media as \"Bad News,\" I agreed to sit down with him at the prison. ",
"Frankly, I expected to find myself face-to-face with a common street thug. ",
"Instead, I found him to be a modern-day Artful Dodger; nothing more than a mischievous overgrown kid. ",
"For the entire 30-minute conversation, he entertained me with uncensored, albeit embellished, tales of his Providence ghetto upbringing and his ascension to basketball prominence.",
"\n\nWhile Barnes was completing his sentence at ACI, he phoned me collect three or four times a week, usually to talk about sports and his experiences behind bars. ",
"Shortly before his parole date, he and his fiancée, Debbe, asked me to be the godfather of their infant daughter, Tiffani, an honor that was unanticipated, especially since I had only known the couple for a short time.",
"\n\nThroughout the decades, Barnes and I stayed in close contact as he got himself into one incredibly messy crisis after another. ",
"The self-destructiveness, I would discover, was the essence of Marvin, a perpetually misguided soul who never could secure a firm grip on life.",
"\n\nAt his best, he was quick-witted, impish, good-natured, hysterically humorous, kindhearted, and generous to a fault.",
"\n\nAt his worst, when he was using drugs, he was selfish, deceitful, callous, arrogant, and manipulative to the nth degree.",
"\n\nAlthough his dark side is impossible to overlook, I, like the many others who cared about him, prefer to remember Marvin for all the times when he was at his best.",
"\n\n—Mike Carey\nOne\n\nPARTY ON\n\nNaked, with a holstered .44 caliber Magnum slung over his left shoulder, Marvin Barnes, self-proclaimed \"Man of Steel,\" is running the show. ",
"On a game night, the Spirits of St. Louis center/forward would have been finishing off a fastbreak with an emphatic slam or swatting some poor sap's shot attempt into the fourth row. ",
"But this is an off day, and the reigning American Basketball Association Rookie of the Year is serving as master of ceremonies at an orgy thrown by the Midwest's most notorious and powerful drug trafficker.",
"\n\nIt's 1975, and the twenty-three-year-old ABA All-Star is mingling with the partygoers, cracking risqué jokes, and introducing mob bosses to beautiful women at a non-descript two-bedroom apartment located in the northwest outskirts of St. Louis. ",
"All of the thirty guests at the invitation-only sex soiree have checked their clothes and weapons at the door. ",
"Mountains of cocaine lay atop two large rectangular silver serving trays on the dining room table. ",
"Forty quart bottles of assorted top-shelf liquors and row upon row of evenly rolled joints are lined up on the kitchen counter. ",
"As the night rolls on, the sounds of Donna Summer, Chuck Berry, Ike and Tina Turner, Little Stevie Wonder, and Earth, Wind & Fire blare through three-foot-tall hi-fi speakers.",
"\n\nBarnes, as the muscle, gets to carry. ",
"If anyone becomes unruly, it's his job to defuse the situation. ",
"Yes, he's an intimidating figure, standing 6-foot-8 with the chiseled build of a world-class sprinter. ",
"But the physically imposing black celebrity isn't there because he can knock somebody into next week. ",
"He's a sports hero in a sports-crazed town who possesses an easygoing, fun-loving personality that is downright charming, which is why he has been asked to host the affair.",
"\n\nWild times seem to gravitate to the city's most controversial athlete, who is turning partying into an art form. ",
"He can play a game one night, stay up well past dawn snorting coke and smoking weed, and then drop 40 on a beleaguered foe some 12 hours later.",
"\n\nLiving the life of a gun-toting, drug-using gangster was a role Barnes was born to play. ",
"So was being one of the most gifted basketball players on the planet.",
"\n\nAt Providence College, he had been one of the country's most dominating big men. ",
"During his three-year varsity career, the Friars earned an NCAA Tournament bid each season, including a trip to the Final Four in 1973. ",
"He set school records for most rebounds and blocked shots in a game, season, and career, as well as most points and field goals in a game. ",
"Remarkably, all those records still stand today. ",
"The Rhode Island native could play all three frontcourt positions, running faster than most guards, making supposed defensive stoppers look inept, outjumping much taller opponents, and blocking shots with uncanny timing. ",
"At both ends of the court, he was as smooth as the suede suits he wore. ",
"In fact, only three-time College Player of the Year Bill Walton was more highly regarded by pro scouts than Barnes.",
"\n\nWhile an underclassman, Barnes had twice rejected lucrative offers to sign with the ABA's Denver Rockets. ",
"Therefore, the logical assumption was that he would showcase his talents in the more prestigious National Basketball Association after having been chosen second overall by the Philadelphia 76ers in the 1974 draft.",
"\n\nLogic, however, seldom played a role in the All-American's decision-making. ",
"After only one brief introductory meeting with the Sixers' management, Barnes shocked the hoops world by agreeing to a seven-year, $2.2 million deal with the ABA's Spirits of St. Louis, formerly the Carolina Cougars. ",
"For the first time, the NBA had lost a top-three draft pick to its competitor.",
"\n\nThe game's purists scoffed at the ABA, with its red, white, and blue game ball, which, at first glance, looked more like a Toys \"R\" Us novelty item than a legitimate sporting goods product. ",
"What most infuriated NBA general managers and coaches, though, was \"that damn other league's\" helter-skelter schoolyard style of play and its gimmicky three-point shot. ",
"In the ABA, critics said, defense was optional. ",
"No need for Xs and Os or chalkboards.",
"\n\nTo this day, former ABA coaches bristle at the unceasing volleys of potshots that were fired in their direction.",
"\n\n\"Anyone who knows basketball recognizes that our league had a positive influence on the game,\" says Hubie Brown, the Hall of Fame coach who guided the Kentucky Colonels to an ABA title in 1975. \"",
"You can start with the three-point shot, which revolutionized offenses and created drama for the fans. ",
"We also relied heavily upon tactics such as full-court presses, half-court traps, and zone defenses that few NBA teams used. ",
"Sure, our games were faster paced, but that didn't mean there was less strategy involved.\"",
"\n\n\"The NBA was rinky dink and boring,\" says Doug Moe, who was an assistant to Larry Brown with the Denver Rockets. \"",
"We called their style of play 'sludgeball.'\"",
"\n\nIt was indisputable that the ABA had an ample number of marquee names to promote its product. ",
"Julius Erving of the New York Nets was the sport's most athletic player, and no one approached his level of charisma. ",
"Power forward Dan Issel and 7-foot-2 center Artis \"A-Train\" Gilmore of Kentucky, power forward George McGinnis of the Indiana Pacers, and Virginia Squires swingman George \"The Iceman\" Gervin were all among pro basketball's best.",
"\n\nBut the league lacked a national television contract, which meant each franchise depended almost solely on ticket revenue at home games to meet its payroll and expenses. ",
"Unfortunately for the ABA, overall attendance was abysmal, which led to constant rumors of impending doom. ",
"In fact, three of its ten teams had contemplated filing for bankruptcy after the 1973–74 season. ",
"Meanwhile, the NBA, circling like a ravenous vulture, was impatiently waiting to swoop in and snatch up all the top talent once the widely anticipated collapse of its rival took place.",
"\n\nThe signing of Barnes offered the ABA at least a sliver of hope for survival. ",
"Here was a dynamic player with an engaging personality who had the potential to go head-to-head against the spectacular \"Dr. J,\" as Erving was familiarly known by basketball fans.",
"\n\nJust twenty-four years old, The Doctor was the league's crown jewel, a 6-foot-6 small forward whose speed, leaping ability, and agility created the illusion that he could float through thin air and change direction while soaring to the basket for a one-handed windmill slam or a double-pump stuff.",
"\n\nAnd there was much more to Erving's game than just his incredible hang time. ",
"In 1974, he had captured the league's scoring title with 27.4 points per game while averaging 10.7 rebounds and 5.2 assists to lead the Nets to a championship, and earned MVP honors for both the regular season and the playoffs.",
"\n\nWhile no one could match the UMass product's gravity-defying dunks, Barnes was being heralded as the total package, a force at both ends of the court who also excelled in the transition game. ",
"Now the ABA could promote a series of \"Battles of the Titans,\" with the brash, fearless rookie challenging the league's self-assured, revered superstar.1\n\n\"Right from the start of his career, Marvin was special, one of my favorites,\" says Hall of Fame coach Larry Brown. \"",
"Besides having all the skills, he had unbelievable natural instincts. ",
"I had always thought Bobby Jones, who, in my opinion, was the greatest defensive forward of the seventies and eighties, could stop anybody, but he couldn't handle Marvin.",
"\n\n\"Barnes and Bernard King [who won the NBA scoring title in 1985 and amassed 19,655 points during his career] were the quickest players I've ever seen on the blocks. ",
"Plus, Barnes had the added advantage of being two inches taller than King. ",
"You just don't find guys 6-foot-8 with Marvin's kind of reflexes and speed. ",
"He was unguardable. ",
"Even as a rookie, he was one of the top five players in all of pro basketball.\"",
"\n\nStatistics support Brown's assessment. ",
"In Barnes's rookie ABA season, he was among the league leaders in rebounding (fourth), scoring (sixth), and blocked shots (sixth). ",
"Sixteen times the cocky center scored 30 or more points; on ten occasions he grabbed 20 or more rebounds.",
"\n\n\"The guy was an absolute beast,\" Hubie Brown remembers. \"",
"He came into the league, took on veterans like Gilmore, McGinnis, and Erving, and never once backed down.\"",
"\n\nRon Boone, a four-time ABA All-Star guard and a member of the Spirits, was in awe of his teammate's abundant talents. \"",
"People think I'm nuts when I tell them Marvin was in the same class as LeBron James, Magic Johnson, and Larry Bird. ",
"It's true, though, because he could control a game all by himself. ",
"I witnessed one play against the Colonels where he blocked a shot, tipped it to himself, threw a perfect outlet, and then sprinted past every single defender on the court to catch a return pass for an uncontested dunk. ",
"When Barnes felt he was being challenged, he played like a man possessed.\"",
"\n\nSteve \"Snapper\" Jones, another teammate in St. Louis, speaks in superlatives when discussing Barnes's aptitude for the sport. \"",
"He was the most polished rookie I've ever seen,\" the former network TV color commentator says. \"",
"Not only could he score 25 a night, but his defensive game was flawless. ",
"I watched him shut down all the ABA's top scorers. ",
"He was so intimidating that players who were All-League were afraid to go up against him because they didn't want to be embarrassed. ",
"When opponents had open shots, you could actually see them sneak a peek to make sure Marvin wasn't close enough to move in for a block. ",
"He could pounce in a heartbeat.",
"\n\n\"His basketball IQ was off the charts. ",
"From the get go, he was one of the best rebounders in either league. ",
"As soon as a shot was released, he anticipated where the ball would come off the rim and moved into ideal position to come down with it. ",
"For him, rebounding was a science. ",
"On the boards, he was Dennis Rodman before there was a Dennis Rodman.\"",
"\n\nAs Jones told Terry Pluto, author of the best-selling Loose Balls, which chronicled the ABA's nine-year fight for survival, \"Marvin thought he was Superman and, for a while, he was.\"",
"\n\nPerhaps the highest praise for Barnes's abilities came from Barnes himself. \"",
"I played like a mercenary, an assassin. ",
"Nobody could stop me from scoring or keep me off boards. ",
"Anyone who says different couldn't have seen me play.\"",
"\n\nFrom day one in St. Louis, the publicity-seeking athlete set out to create an image of a trend-setting, free-spending man about town. ",
"Sporting neatly trimmed muttonchops that curled to the corners of his mouth, he chose an eye-catching wardrobe of wide-brimmed floppy hats, gold chains, platform shoes, fur coats, capes, and brightly colored leather bell-bottoms. ",
"Constantly surrounded by gorgeous women, he had VIP status at all the hot nightclubs. ",
"The sight of him cruising around town in his glistening silver Rolls Royce, equipped with a red mobile phone that cost $2,700, became almost as recognizable as the Gateway Arch.",
"\n\nClearly, the ABA's wunderkind craved attention from the media and the public. \"",
"Broadway\" Joe Namath, who had made good on his guarantee to carry the AFL's New York Jets, an 18-point underdog, to victory over the NFL's Baltimore Colts in Super Bowl III, laid down the nightlife template that Barnes sought to emulate. ",
"Heavyweight champ Muhammad Ali's gift for gab was equally influential, with the Spirits' star playfully showing off his shadow boxing skills in front of TV cameras while crowing to reporters that one day he, too, would become \"The Greatest\" in his sport.",
"\n\nBarnes's lofty ambitions, however, would be obliterated by chronic drug use and an obsession for the gangster lifestyle. ",
"By 1979, a mere five years after he had made his pro debut, all his swagger was gone. ",
"So too was his game. \"",
"I've never seen anyone lose so much talent so fast,\" recalls Rod Thorn, who coached Barnes in St. Louis. \"",
"Just a complete waste.\"",
"\n\nMore than a quarter-century has passed since pro basketball's original renegade retired from the sport. ",
"A descent into cocaine abuse, involvement in drug trafficking, four and a half years of prison time, and a humiliating struggle to survive homelessness and life on the streets kept his name in the headlines for all the wrong reasons.",
"\n\nIn all, Barnes sought to become clean and sober by entering rehab twenty-two times; twenty-two times he failed to achieve success.",
"\n\n1 Utilizing a similar marketing strategy, the NBA would remake itself in the early eighties with the beginning of the Larry Bird–Magic Johnson rivalry.",
"\nTwo\n\nTHE RUNT FROM APARTMENT 3D\n\nWhen Al and Lula Barnes, a young couple from the South, along with their two infants, Alfreda and Marvin, moved to Codding Court in the West End of Providence in December of 1952, they thought they had caught a lucky break because rent for their modern one-bedroom apartment in the recently opened subsidized housing project was only $34 a month.",
"\n\nAl, a twenty-four-year-old Navy enlistee, was a six-foot dark-skinned Creole from New Orleans who preferred to bark out orders rather than take them. ",
"Lula, two years younger than her husband, was his opposite: shy, sweet, and submissive. ",
"A backwoods girl from tiny Lake City, South Carolina, she had just embarked on a career in nursing when she met and married Al soon after he had signed up to serve his country. ",
"With a combined annual income of less than $5,500, they scrimped to make ends meet on a nickel-and-dime budget.",
"\n\nThe West End had once been a thriving business district anchored by the Gorham Manufacturing Company, one of the nation's leading producers of fine silverware. ",
"But when Gorham downsized following World War II, a chain reaction followed that leveled the local economy. ",
"The A&P supermarket relocated, an Esso gas station shut down its pumps, and more than a dozen mom-and-pop stores went out of business practically overnight. ",
"Unemployment spiked and the middle class, seeking a fresh start, fled to other parts of the metropolitan area. ",
"The remaining residents, mostly African Americans living below the poverty line, felt frustrated, powerless, and isolated.",
"\n\nStill, tenants of the ten-building, 120-unit Codding Court complex on Dodge Street considered it to be a comfortable and safe community setting rather than merely a collection of drab red brick structures linked together in neatly spaced zigzags. ",
"Parents looked on protectively as their children played games of \"ringolevio\" and \"tag\" on the sparse patches of grass that grew between dwellings. ",
"In a corner of the 3.7-acre site was a basketball court. ",
"The backboards were undersized, and the nets that hung from rusted, bent rims were, more often than not, in shreds. ",
"Sometimes there were no nets at all.",
"\n\nThe Barnes household was neither comfortable nor safe. ",
"Physical and verbal abuse behind closed doors was an everyday occurrence because Al, a notorious drunk and womanizer, took pleasure in battering his wife. ",
"As preschoolers, the children witnessed him repeatedly punch their mother and violently twist her arm simply because she had forgotten to buy green beans for the family's Thanksgiving dinner. \"",
"I've never forgotten the terrified look on her face as she begged for mercy,\" Marvin said decades later.",
"\n\nThe innocent siblings were also frequent targets of their father's unprovoked outbursts. ",
"Ferocious beatings, inexhaustible threats, and spiteful name calling forced them to live in constant fear. ",
"Alfreda, a year older than her brother, vowed to protect him until he was big enough to defend himself against Al's barbaric assaults. ",
"Despite enduring countless close-fisted attacks, she never broke her promise.",
"\n\n\"This sounds cold,\" Marvin once said, \"but my old man was, by far, the meanest, most evil person I've ever known.\"",
"\n\nSo vindictive and volatile was Al that even when Marvin went to sleep, his head buried beneath the covers, he could not escape an overpowering sense of anxiety. ",
"The fragile little boy experienced such vivid nightmares that he'd wake up screaming, drenched in sweat, and trembling uncontrollably. ",
"At the tender age of four, he became a bed wetter because he was so petrified of his deranged father, a real-life boogeyman.",
"\n\nEventually, day-to-day existence became so unbearable that the overwhelmed child often fantasized about killing his tormentor with a butcher's knife. \"",
"No lie. ",
"I convinced myself that if I could find the courage to do him in, then my mother, my sister, and me could finally have some peace. ",
"The man was that much of a monster.\"",
"\n\nTo make sure the peace was kept, there were three unwritten rules that the adult male population of Codding Court considered sacred:\n\n1) Don't snitch;\n\n2) Don't steal;\n\n3) Don't mess around with someone else's woman.",
"\n\n\"My father,\" Marvin said, \"definitely didn't give a royal shit about Rule Number 3.\"",
"\n\nFrom the manner in which the pompous seaman first class carried himself while strutting through the project's courtyard, it was apparent he fancied himself quite the stud. ",
"When he would pay a visit to one of his numerous paramours, he'd often bring his son along to serve as a lookout. ",
"While Al was in a neighbor's apartment having sex with somebody else's wife or girlfriend, Marvin dutifully stood guard on the front steps of the building. ",
"If the youngster spotted a man walking in his direction, he would race inside, pound his fists on the woman's door, and yell, \"Hey, get out! ",
"Get out now!\" ",
"In less than 30 seconds, Al—sometimes not having enough time to put his pants back on—would escape by climbing down a fire escape or jumping out an open window.",
"\n\nThe men of Codding Court kept their distance from their surly neighbor, who routinely carried a sidearm for all to see. ",
"In their view, he was conceited and, at times, openly hostile. ",
"When a few of them finally got together and figured out who was taking advantage of their women, they plotted their revenge. ",
"Getting wind of rumors that he was about to become a casualty of vigilante justice, Al, who was about to be honorably discharged from the Navy, temporarily abandoned his family and fled, moving into a studio flat in South Providence.",
"\n\nA mama's boy, Marvin usually spent his free time cooped up at home, playing Monopoly and Risk with his best friend, David Petty, or baking chocolate layer cakes with his sister. ",
"When the \"runt from [Apartment] 3D,\" as some of the other kids called him, dared to venture outdoors, he became prime prey for every neighborhood hooligan. ",
"In fact, the defenseless weakling would have likely gotten his butt kicked on a daily basis if it weren't for Alfreda, a pigtailed tomboy with a mean streak. ",
"She knew all the dirty street-fighting tricks—biting, kicking, punching below the belt, and eye gouging—and wasn't the slightest bit reluctant to use them whenever her brother came under attack.",
"\n\nShunned by nearly all the children in the projects, the siblings often holed up in their living room, watching gangster movies and The Untouchables series on the family's 14-inch black-and-white DuMont television. ",
"Infamous outlaws from the twenties and thirties such as Scarface Al Capone, Baby Face Nelson, Bonnie and Clyde, Lucky Luciano, Bugs Moran, Ma Barker, and Dutch Schultz became their heroes.",
"\n\n\"I was going to live fast and die young,\" Marvin said years later. \"",
"I pictured myself at twenty-one, standing alone in the middle of a deserted street, spraying my machine gun into the air as a hundred lawmen came out of nowhere to take me out in a hail of bullets.\"",
"\n\nA timid personality, however, stood in the way of him becoming an intimidating figure, someone his peers would both respect and fear. ",
"His grade-school experiences did little to improve a poor self-image.",
"\n\nHe and Alfreda, along with twenty other African American children who lived at Codding Court, walked three-eighths of a mile each weekday to attend Kenyon Street Elementary on Federal Hill, the Italian section of the city. ",
"Because the vast majority of the students were Caucasian, the boys and girls from the West End were treated as pariahs.",
"\n\n\"Almost all the white kids and even some of the teachers were openly racist,\" Barnes said. \"",
"Once a week, maybe more, I'd get cornered in the schoolyard and had to fight the biggest and toughest bullies. ",
"Got the crap kicked out of me every time. ",
"During recess, the Italian kids circled around us, screaming out a bunch of slurs. ",
"It was their idea of fun.\" ",
"As he said to Providence Journal columnist Bill Reynolds, \"I was called 'nigger' so often that I forgot my real name was Marvin.\"",
"\n\nWhen classes were dismissed for the day, the \"intruders\" from the projects would run in packs toward their homes to avoid being picked off one at a time by their persecutors, who gathered on street corners, waiting in ambush.",
"\n\nAlthough Lula was fully aware that her children would be subjected to injustices at Kenyon, she was certain they'd receive a quality education up on Federal Hill. \"",
"Schools with the most whites had the most dedicated and experienced teachers,\" she explains. \"",
"The city politicians made sure of that.\"",
"\n\nAt age nine, Marvin, who typically wore oversized T-shirts and denim high-water pants with rolled-up three-inch cuffs, was a mere 55 pounds with toothpick legs and a chicken chest. ",
"Basketball, he thought, would be a way to prove his toughness. ",
"Uncoordinated and possessing a herky-jerky shot, the puny misfit was always the last one picked to play, if he were chosen at all. \"",
"I had no friends on either team, so I was the chump who got slapped around, elbowed, and kneed in the nuts. ",
"Everyone on the court laughed at me and called me a spastic.\"",
"\n\nIn 1964, the family scraped together enough money to make a down payment on a three-story fixer-upper on Hamilton Street in South Providence, a mile and a half from Codding Court. ",
"They lived on the first floor, with Al, who had landed a job with the postal service, renting out the upstairs rooms to help meet the monthly mortgage installments.",
"\n\nShortly after moving, twelve-year-old Marvin decided he was now capable of competing in the more physically demanding sports. ",
"Taking advantage of his exceptional hand speed and quick feet, he gained recognition as a skillful slap boxer. ",
"His success against bigger and stronger opponents led him to give basketball one more try.",
"\n\nThe cracked asphalt courts at Bucklin Street Park, seven blocks from home, were his proving grounds. ",
"At first, the scrawny newcomer to the neighborhood took quite a pummeling, ignoring intentional karate chops to the throat, kidney punches, and forearm shivers as best he could. ",
"After he had picked up a few dirty tricks of his own, the tough-guy reputation he had so desperately sought slowly began to take shape. ",
"One day he overheard some of the more experienced players talking about him. \"",
"Wouldn't mess with that boy,\" a husky six-foot street baller said. \"",
"Don't look like much, but he crazy. ",
"Got some screws loose.\" ",
"Barnes interpreted the remarks as compliments because he knew his days of being regarded as a wimp were now in the past.",
"\n\nBy the time Marvin entered high school, the beat cops in District Two considered him a punk, a would-be wise guy who, in reality, wasn't very wise at all. ",
"There was much truth to everything the patrolmen had to say about the rebellious troublemaker whose goal in life had once been to become the most cold-blooded black gangster in history.",
"\n\nIt's not as if the lippy kid with the king-size chip on his shoulder hadn't attempted to land a steady part-time job. ",
"He had, many times, but each without success. ",
"The indisputable reality was that black teenagers in Providence had little chance of gaining employment in the mid-sixties. ",
"The power brokers at city hall, all of whom were white, took care of their own when it came to doling out cushy municipal jobs. ",
"Most of the area's private businesses and unions were, in one way or another, under the control of the Raymond Patriarca crime family, New England's largest and most feared mafia organization. ",
"If a high school student was Caucasian and had a connection or two, decent-paying work was not difficult to find.",
"\n\n\"I looked everywhere, but the positions were always taken, which really meant they were reserved for whites,\" Barnes said. \"",
"I filled out a ton of applications. ",
"Always got turned down. ",
"When I realized I wasn't going to be the one black kid from the West End to buck the odds, I threw in the towel. '",
"Let all them white boys have the damn jobs,' I told myself. '",
"I'll find a better way to make me some good money.'\"",
"\n\nSo he recruited five neighborhood friends to help him pull off the first holdups of his outlaw career. ",
"The youths' mantra: \"By Any Means Necessary.\" ",
"The phrase sounded menacing, but, in truth, the raggedy band of thieves bore no resemblance to today's street gangs that are involved in vendettas, vandalism, and drive-by shootings. ",
"Barnes's crew was merely a group of restless juveniles whose illegal activities could only be described as disorganized crime.",
"\n\nBefore pulling off a heist, the wayward teenagers usually gathered up their courage by smoking cheap weed and polishing off a half-gallon jug of Boone's Farm Apple Wine as they huddled in an empty equipment shack at nearby Roger Williams Park. \"",
"I never touched none of that stuff,\" Barnes said. \"",
"When we were going out on a job, I wanted to be clear-headed.\"",
"\n\nUsing a borrowed gun, the budding delinquents, wearing red bandannas to conceal their faces, robbed three convenience stores before the police began regularly staking out all the local 7-Elevens and Cumberland Farms. \"",
"Everywhere we went, cops were eyeballing us. ",
"It was enough to scare us off.\"",
"\n\nThe gang's most profitable burglary occurred late one Sunday night when they broke into Morris Clothiers in downtown Providence and stole $2,000 worth of apparel. \"",
"After we loaded ourselves up with the nicest threads in the store, we ran out the back door, jumped into our getaway car, and took off,\" Barnes said. \"",
"I waited a month and then stopped into Conte's Tailors on Peck Street to get everything altered. ",
"When I got my stuff back, I became the best dressed tenth grader in all of Rhode Island. ",
"Man, I had custom-fitted sports jackets and pants for every day of the week.\"",
"\nThree\n\nFIGHTING TO EARN RESPECT\n\nFor reasons that were more physical than talent-based, Barnes elected not to try out for the basketball team during his first two years at Central High on Fricker Street. \"",
"I thought I had enough ability to win a roster spot, but I took a pass because I was ashamed of my body. ",
"I had legs like a girl, ribs that stuck out of my skin and, worst of all, no pubic hair. ",
"I was sure my teammates would laugh at me every time I had to undress.\" ",
"So the late-maturing youth stuck with playing in two weekend church leagues simply because he could shower in the privacy of his home.",
"\n\nThe self-consciousness faded as Marvin entered his junior year. ",
"He was now 6-foot-3 and 170 pounds, looking powerful and athletic. ",
"More importantly to him, puberty was setting in. ",
"Mentally ready to contend for a spot on the varsity, he signed up for tryouts.",
"\n\nDespite his growth spurt, the inexperienced center was the hazing target of every senior. ",
"They pounded him from start to finish during scrimmages, leaving him with an assortment of injuries ranging from dislocated fingers and a broken nose to a series of black eyes. ",
"Barnes, whom teammates considered nothing more than a lowly no-talent scrub, shook off all the abuse and used it as motivation.",
"\n\n\"I needed to find a way to impress Coach [Jimmy] Adams, but I had no confidence in my moves to the basket. ",
"Plus, I couldn't shoot a lick. ",
"My strength was playing defense. ",
"I had a great sense of timing, could jump higher than anyone on the team, and had a natural feel for blocking shots and rebounding. ",
"I knew my best chance of getting noticed was to develop skills that none of the other kids thought were important. ",
"I was a thinker. ",
"As someone once told me, 'One tactician is worth a thousand foot soldiers.' ",
"If I could be the best defender on the team, it would buy me some time to catch up offensively with everyone else.\"",
"\n\nMarvin made the varsity, listed as the 12th and final player on the roster. ",
"As much as he believed his accomplishment was based on merit, Lula played a part. ",
"She had phoned Adams before tryouts, explaining in a way only an emotional mother could that her boy would undoubtedly end up in serious trouble with the police unless he was given a place on the team. ",
"Out of compassion, the coach promised to find room for her son.",
"\n\nCentral had never been basketball juggernaut and, based upon the talent on the 1968–69 roster, Adams wasn't expecting his club to achieve anything better that a .500 record. ",
"He also wasn't sure what he had in Barnes.",
"\n\n\"My first impressions were that we lacked a dominating rebounder, and we weren't much defensively,\" said Adams. \"",
"Marvin was so raw that I thought it would take him at least a year to make any kind of contribution.\"",
"\n\nDespite the bleak forecast, Adams's team that season would evolve into what is arguably Rhode Island's greatest.",
"\n\nDetermined to carve a niche for himself, Marvin, like any ambitious basketball novice, wanted to establish himself as an indispensable contributor to the team. ",
"For that reason, he decided to showcase his toughness on the court by becoming... a goon. ",
"As a result of his rowdy behavior, he was ejected from his first four varsity games. ",
"In fact, two of the reserve center's senseless sneak attacks against opponents led to bench-clearing brawls, which prompted Central guard Robert Fisher to tag him with the nickname \"Bad News.",
"\"1\n\n\"I didn't much like my new handle, but it sure as hell stuck.\"",
"\n\nLuckily, Central managed to eke out wins in each of those early-season games. ",
"Adams, though, fully realized Barnes's antics were becoming toxic. ",
"Following the bench player's fourth disqualification, the coach issued an ultimatum. \"",
"Son, you're acting like a buffoon. ",
"I don't know what you're trying to prove. ",
"All I'm sure of is that you are hurting my team, and I can't allow that to happen. ",
"Either knock off all the macho bullshit or turn in your uniform. ",
"Your choice.\"",
"\n\nThe stern lecture inspired a perceptible improvement in Barnes's attitude. ",
"After every practice, he spent an hour and a half alone in the gym, working tirelessly to develop a consistent shooting touch. ",
"When the team's record reached 9–0, he was promoted to the starting lineup.",
"\n\nMeanwhile, tensions were reaching a boiling point at home.",
"\n\nAfter a loud brother-sister spat had erupted late one afternoon, Al announced that Marvin would be receiving \"the beating of his life\" following supper. ",
"As everyone sat down to eat, the family's sadistic tyrant taunted the teenager by bursting into song. ",
"Doing a takeoff on Motown recording artist Sam Cooke's hit tune, he crooned, \"We're having a party... at eight tonight.\" ",
"Once dinner had ended, Al grabbed a Narragansett Lager from the refrigerator, eased himself into his living room easy chair, and frequently glanced at his wristwatch. ",
"What he had no way of knowing was that, a few weeks earlier, his son had bought a .22 caliber pistol from an ex-con who played pickup at Bucklin.",
"\n\nAt 8 p.m. sharp, the perverse Barnes patriarch slowly arose and began to rub his hands together, an unmistakable signal that he was about to unleash his fury. ",
"But before Al could get close enough to dish out the first punch, Marvin pulled up the front of his shirt with both hands, displaying his weapon, which he had shoved into the waistband of his pants.",
"\n\n\"There, now you've got your gun, and I've got mine,\" said the defiant sixteen-year-old, hands at his side and fingers twitching. \"",
"Go ahead, try me. ",
"Make your move.\"",
"\n\nCaught off guard by the show of newfound gumption, Al cursed under his breath and shook his head in disgust. ",
"In that instant, he realized his boy's ballsy challenge was no bluff.",
"\n\nAs the two silently faced off, Lula stepped between them, blubbering and screeching hysterically until father and son slowly backed away from each other. ",
"When the confrontation ended, Marvin, still brandishing his weapon, was banished from the house. ",
"For the next two weeks he lived with several teammates' families until he was given permission by his mother to come home on Christmas Eve. ",
"Once he returned, the beatings ceased. ",
"Al's reign of terror had drawn to a close.",
"\n\nGoing into the final month of the regular season, Central's record stood at 17–0. ",
"By then, Barnes, who had sprouted to 6-foot-5½, was the team's leading rebounder and shot blocker, having stolen much of the media attention from high-scoring junior guard Ricky Santos, who, in the opinion of most experts, was destined to be the next great college player from Rhode Island.",
"\n\nIn the Class A state title game, the dream of an undefeated season would be fulfilled. ",
"Santos scored 21 points and earned most valuable player honors as Central beat East Providence, 67–63. ",
"Barnes dominated inside, connecting on 11-of-15 shots while pulling down 13 rebounds. ",
"The MVP snub failed to upset him. \"",
"What's there to complain about?\" ",
"he said to the media. \"",
"I went from twelfth man, to starter, to being voted All State in just five months.\"",
"\n\nRecruitment letters from major colleges began to pour in, and Marvin seemed to relish the nationwide attention. ",
"Still, the impetuous risk taker couldn't resist the adrenaline rush of being a brazen bandit. ",
"Less than two weeks after the basketball season had ended, he rounded up his partners in crime and set off on a one-hour rampage.",
"\n\n\"We robbed three city buses stagecoach-style. ",
"Four of us jumped on at a stop, grabbed all the fare money, and hopped right back off. ",
"The drivers didn't know what hit 'em.\"",
"\n\nAfter accomplishing their objective, the stick-up artists thought they had made a clean escape. ",
"Police, however, had no trouble tracking down the culprits. ",
"After all, the \"brains of the operation\" was the star center on the state's top high school basketball team whose picture had appeared in the Providence Journal 's sports section twice in recent months. ",
"It didn't take a Kojak to zero in on Marvin Jerome Barnes as a chief suspect.",
"\n\nFifteen minutes after the gang had fled, cops located the teenagers hiding out in the boiler room of an apartment building and surprised them as they were counting their take—a not-so-grand total of $43.",
"\n\nFollowing the high school students' arrests, it was rumored that during the holdups, the ringleader had been wearing a Central High championship basketball jacket with the words \"Barnes\" and \"All State\" embroidered on the front. ",
"While Marvin never denied that he had worn the distinctive coat, he claimed he had turned it inside out moments before committing the crimes.",
"\n\n\"I'm sure he was telling the truth,\" former Rhode Island State Police Superintendent Brendan Doherty says. \"",
"The kid wasn't slow. ",
"Still, all the officers at the local precinct must have gotten a good long laugh when they saw him walking into the station handcuffed and wearing a team jacket with his name stitched on it.\"",
"\n\nInformed by a neighbor that her son had been taken into custody and charged with robbery, Lula rushed to the police station.",
"\n\nAs Marvin was being led out from a holding cell, his mother took justice into her own hands, grabbing him from behind and repeatedly slapping the back of his head until two rather amused patrolmen gently nudged her away. \"",
"Have you lost your damn mind?\" ",
"she screamed at her boy. \"",
"Don't you know all the trouble you're in? ",
"All your hard work on the basketball court might not mean a thing now. ",
"You may have just thrown away your opportunity to get a college scholarship.\"",
"\n\nClassified as a youthful offender, the schoolboy hoops hero could have been sent to a detention center for six months. ",
"Instead, an extremely lenient juvenile court judge sentenced him to three months' unsupervised probation, after which his criminal record would be sealed.",
"\n\nDays after the case had been resolved, Barnes cut ties with the gang upon learning that a twenty-year-old college basketball center named Spencer Haywood had signed a six-year contract worth a reported $1.9 million with the ABA's Denver Rockets.",
"\n\n\"Count me the fuck out,\" Marvin told his buddies. \"",
"I don't want to get into no more trouble 'cause now I know for sure that I can make some serious cash playing ball. ",
"College scouts are telling me that I've got what it takes to make it all the way to the pros. ",
"If some guy who's only a couple years older than me can be raking in a couple million bucks just for putting his name down on a piece of paper, then I can do the same thing. ",
"It's the only way I'll ever earn enough to get out of this hellhole.\"",
"\n\nAs the 1969–70 season began, Adams ran his team so hard in practice that league games were a welcome respite from the intense workouts. ",
"To no one's surprise, Central ran the table again, finishing with a second straight 24–0 record and earning another state title with a 57–48 triumph over Sacred Heart from Warwick. ",
"In the championship game, Barnes earned the MVP award with a 14-point, 19-rebound effort.",
"\n\nDespite his achievements, New England's most sought-after college basketball prospect found himself mired in a best of times, worst of times situation due to a crisis at home. \"",
"I was sure Alfreda was going a little psycho. ",
"I knew she had been experimenting with drugs off and on for more than a year. ",
"She was pissed off at the world, always picking fights. ",
"She looked more like thirty than twenty.\"",
"\n\nThe relationship between the siblings reached an all-time low on the night Marvin spotted Alfreda going into a \"sip,\" a ghetto speakeasy where locals drank, danced, gambled, and dealt drugs. ",
"He followed her in and became visibly upset when she sat down next to a girl he couldn't stand.",
"\n\n\"What are you doing here with that ho?\" ",
"he shouted at his sister. \"",
"She ain't nothing but an ugly-ass skank.\" ",
"Before he could utter another word, Alfreda dug her fingernails into her brother's arms and hollered, \"Start any shit with her and you'll have to go through me.\"",
"\n\nFor the first time, his best friend had taken sides against him. ",
"Stunned, he turned and walked out of the after-hours hangout.",
"\n\n1 The Central High standout was not the first player to be nicknamed \"Bad News.\" ",
"Jim Barnes, who played for the Celtics in 1969–70, was called \"Bad News\" by Boston coach Red Auerbach because the reserve power forward inflicted so much punishment on opponents.",
"\nFour\n\nAN IMPROBABLE FRIENDSHIP\n\nAfter leading Central to 48 consecutive wins and two state titles, Barnes was recruited by every college powerhouse except for UCLA, the one school he was hoping to attend.",
"\n\nComing off a 29–1 season, the NCAA champion Bruins had received early commitments from California's top two high school seniors, 7-foot-1 center Bill Walton and 6-foot-6 small forward Keith \"Silk\" Wilkes. ",
"Legendary UCLA coach John Wooden focused almost exclusively on signing local talent, with the most significant exception having been the successful recruitment of 7-foot-2 Lew Alcindor (later Kareem Abdul-Jabbar) from New York City's Power Memorial back in 1965. \"",
"If you were an outstanding home-grown high school player, UCLA was your first choice,\" Walton says. \"",
"The only California kid who ever turned down Coach was Paul Westphal, who picked USC over us, which was a horrendous mistake on his part.\"",
"\n\nBarnes was never contacted by anyone on the UCLA staff. ",
"Even if Wooden had shown an interest, the Rhode Island standout's C-minus grade average and poor SAT scores would have precluded admission to the school.",
"\n\nHis second choice was the University of Cincinnati, which had gone 21–6 in 1969–70. ",
"Bearcats Head Coach Tay Baker was about to lose center Jim Ard, the team's leading scorer and rebounder, to graduation and had been targeting Barnes for eight months. ",
"The coveted blue-chipper eventually traveled by plane to see the school, but didn't quite make it to his destination.",
"\n\n\"When I headed out there, it was the first time I had ever flown,\" he said later. \"",
"A half-hour after takeoff, thunder started rocking the plane up and down. ",
"The turbulence was so bad that the flight had to be diverted to Baltimore. ",
"I was so shook up that once we landed, I cancelled my visit and took a Greyhound bus back home.\"",
"\n\nHaving crossed off Cincinnati from his list of desirable schools, Barnes focused his attention on Providence College, which was only five miles from his home. ",
"Labeled a \"borderline case\" by an admissions adviser, he waited a month and a half for a decision on his application. ",
"Finally, Head Basketball Coach Dave Gavitt, who a decade later would become the architect of the Big East and its first commissioner, called and said, \"You made it in. ",
"You're a Friar.\"",
"\n\nThere were, however, preconditions to being officially accepted to the then-all-male Catholic institution. ",
"Barnes, along with eleven other African American students who had below-average high school grades, would be required to attend the Martin Luther King Jr. Summer School program on campus. ",
"He would have to take and pass four courses before being allowed to enroll as a freshman.",
"\n\nAlthough he managed to attain satisfactory grades in all his trial classes, the new resident of McVinney Hall, the tallest building on campus, grew concerned that bigotry might be routinely tolerated on college grounds. \"",
"I had dozed off on a couch in the library when one of the professors woke me up, pulled me aside, and told me, 'You can't lie around like that in public. ",
"People are going to start calling you a lazy nigger.' ",
"Coming out of the mouth of a teacher, those words made me wonder if I had picked the wrong damned school.\"",
"\n\nHis spirits were lifted once he began to develop a rather improbable friendship with sophomore point guard Ernie DiGregorio, a 6-foot Italian kid from North Providence whom everyone simply called \"Ernie D.\"\n\n\"People in Rhode Island were already calling him the next Bob Cousy,\" Barnes said, \"but I had seen Ernie play a couple times in rec leagues and, to be honest, I wasn't thrilled about the idea of having him as a teammate. ",
"First of all, he was white, which wasn't exactly my favorite color. ",
"Secondly, he was way too cocky, or at least that's how he acted on the basketball court. ",
"I was also worried about whether he would be looking to shoot all the time. ",
"He was supposed to be a pure point guard, an assists guy, but he'd averaged 28 points a game playing freshman ball. ",
"In my mind, that meant he had to be a ball hog. ",
"Somehow it just didn't sit right with me.\"",
"\n\nAfter the pair had spent a few weeks getting to know each other, though, Barnes changed his opinion. ",
"Basketball formed the common bond, but there was more to their relationship than just sneakers and nets. \"",
"We became close practically overnight,\" DiGregorio says. \"",
"The two of us had similar interests and shared the same goal of making it to the NBA. ",
"We started hanging around together all the time, on and off campus. ",
"In Providence, being best friends with someone of a different race just wasn't done. ",
"There was definitely a 'stick with your own kind' type of attitude. ",
"Marvin and me, we didn't pay any attention to that color barrier bullshit.\"",
"\n\nOn the basketball court, the duo meshed perfectly. \"",
"We both had great instincts and a passion for the game,\" says DiGregorio. \"",
"I'd kid Marvin that my passing was going to turn him into a scoring machine. ",
"He'd tell me that his offensive game was going to make me the country's assists leader. ",
"We were just busting each other, but, hey, look how things turned out.\"",
"\n\nShortly after the fall semester had begun, DiGregorio invited his new friend to his parents' spacious split-level colonial home for the family's customary Sunday afternoon feast. ",
"The buffet-style spread—platters of spaghetti and meatballs, lasagna, eggplant, sausages, hot homemade bread, mashed potatoes, and fresh salad, along with several bottles of wine—dazzled the impressionable dinner guest. ",
"Margaret, Ernie's doting mother, took an immediate liking to the wisecracking eighteen-year-old who had a knack for turning on the charm. ",
"Not surprisingly, it didn't take long before \"Mrs. D,\" as Barnes called her, began treating him as if he were one of her own. ",
"Throughout his college days, Marvin would enjoy countless meals at the DiGregorio home; Ernie was always just as welcome in the Barnes residence.",
"\n\nThe first time Marvin brought the flashy playmaker for a pickup game at the Bucklin Street courts, DiGregorio was shown no respect. \"",
"All my boys were trashing him, running their mouths about how he was way overrated, bragging about how they were going to school the midget white guy with the stubby legs. ",
"Me, I'm just letting them run their mouths. '",
"Yap all you want, but none of you can stop him,' I told them. ",
"Next thing they're calling me a dumb-ass Oreo.",
"\n\n\"Well, it took Ernie three or four trips up and down the court to silence all them knuckleheads. ",
"He was tossing behind-the-back passes, dribbling through guys' legs, faking everyone out of their jocks. ",
"After ten minutes, nobody wanted to guard him because he was making them all look like it was the first time they had ever played the game.\"",
"\n\nBack in 1970, NCAA regulations prohibited freshmen from competing on the varsity level, but the rules did permit first-year players to work out with the upperclassmen. ",
"Every day Barnes and DiGregorio arrived early for practice and stayed late, working on ways to capitalize on each other's strengths. ",
"By the start of the 1971–72 season, the pair, now officially teammates, had developed some serious chemistry. ",
"Ernie D was perhaps the slickest passer and ball handler in the country; Marvin possessed all the physical tools and post-up moves to become one of college basketball's most formidable inside players.",
"\n\nTwo weeks before making his varsity debut, Barnes walked into a Chinese restaurant near campus for lunch. ",
"As he was about to sit down and place an order, two brawny middle-aged white men dressed in polo shirts and black chinos entered the dining area and invited him to join them at their table. ",
"Assuming they were Providence fans, probably alumni, he pulled up a chair.",
"\n\n\"Marvin, we're professional gamblers,\" one of them matter-of-factly mentioned less than 90 seconds into the conversation. \"",
"We're always looking for a little edge when we place a bet. ",
"You can help us, and we can help you. ",
"Let me tell you how. ",
"Say you're playing UConn, and a few hours before tipoff one of the other starters comes down with the flu. ",
"You hear that the guy is sick as a dog and won't be able to play. ",
"All you have to do is make a phone call and clue us in. ",
"You'll get $500 for giving us the heads-up. ",
"Nobody but you and us will ever know.",
"\n\n\"Or let's say you're playing some rag-tag team and you're 20-point favorites. ",
"We'd put our money on the underdog. ",
"Maybe you miss a few shots and make a bad pass or two. ",
"Providence would still win by 15, and we'd take real good care of you for doing us a big favor.\"",
"\n\nNow surmising that the apparently mafia-connected bettors had tailed him from school to the restaurant, Barnes didn't know how to respond, so he stalled. \"",
"Just give me a day to think it over,\" he said, \"and I'll get back to you.\"",
"\n\nRepeatedly glancing over his right shoulder after leaving the restaurant, \"Marvin the Magnificent,\" as Sports Illustrated had referred to him in its preseason college basketball preview, headed straight to Gavitt's office and related every detail of the stressful encounter. \"",
"I'll take care of things,\" the coach coolly told him. \"",
"I promise that you've seen the last of those clowns.\"",
"\n\nThe two gangsters never contacted Barnes again.",
"\n\nBrendan Doherty says how the up-and-coming twenty-year-old would have been a logical mark. \"",
"Fixers usually make their pitch to the top players, particularly the ones from poor families who could be easily tempted to make some quick cash. ",
"These sleazebags have a way of convincing kids that point shaving is foolproof,\" the former law enforcement official says. \"",
"Back in the seventies, sports gambling was a booming industry in Rhode Island because the Patriarca crime family controlled the bookie business. ",
"I'd go around to all the local colleges and give talks to players about how they would be in jeopardy of throwing away their futures if they attempted to manipulate the point spread or lose games outright. ",
"In Marvin's case, he'd have been putting a pro career at risk if he shaved points even once. ",
"For maybe five hundred bucks, he could have cost himself millions. ",
"Fortunately, he did the right thing by reporting the incident to his coach.\"",
"\n\nThat was not the last time the sophomore would be approached with a business proposition. ",
"After a preseason practice, a local hustler named Bill Bailey pulled him aside and initiated a conversation, speaking in a hush-hush tone. ",
"The pushy pitchman wanted to arrange a clandestine private meeting between Barnes and Bob Woolf, a pioneer in the sports representation field. ",
"Curious and flattered, the pro prospect agreed to sit down with the well known Boston-based lawyer.",
"\n\nWoolf first began working on behalf of athletes in 1964 after he had won a favorable verdict in an auto accident case for Red Sox pitcher Earl Wilson, who soon hired him to negotiate his baseball contract. ",
"Thanks to a great deal of positive publicity in the media, the attorney's client list steadily grew to include members of all the pro teams in Boston, including such high-profile players as Red Sox sluggers Carl Yastrzemski and Ken \"Hawk\" Harrelson, Patriots quarterback Jim Plunkett and wide receiver Randy Vataha, Bruins center Derek Sanderson, and Celtics swingman John Havlicek all signing on. ",
"Years later, the influential agent would represent his most famous client, Larry Bird, as well as many other NBA All-Stars.",
"\n\nBailey, who was employed full-time by Woolf, made his living by being a \"runner,\" a recruiter of talented young players. ",
"The sweet talker's responsibility was to persuade the cream of New England's college crop that no one could negotiate more lucrative contracts than his boss. \"",
"I remember the guy yakking a mile a minute, telling me that I should be honored that a big shot like Bob Woolf was interested in me because he only represented superstars. ",
"And I believed every word that came out of his mouth.\"",
"\n\nA day later, Bailey drove the potential early first-round draft pick to Woolf's two-room office in Brighton, Massachusetts, where large framed autographed color photos of the attorney chumming it up with broadly smiling clients decorated every wall. \"",
"Bob was a distinguished-looking guy, soft spoken, and very sincere,\" Barnes said. \"",
"Or so I thought.\"",
"\n\nDuring the first few minutes of the get-acquainted meeting, Barnes innocently referred to the athlete representative, who had been a guard on the Boston College varsity basketball team in the late forties, as an \"agent.\"",
"\n\nWoolf interrupted his guest mid-sentence. \"",
"Son, I'm a sports attorney, not an agent,\" he said, sounding deeply offended. \"",
"I earned my law degree at BC many years ago. ",
"I worked extremely hard for it. ",
"Most so-called agents have never seen the inside of a law school or a courtroom. ",
"They're a bunch of worthless swindlers who care only about making a fast buck.\"",
"\n\n\"Yes, sir,\" Marvin replied. \"",
"Got it straight now.\"",
"\n\nThe forty-four-year-old contract expert emphasized that his clients—athletes, coaches, actors, and TV newscasters—were all like family to him. \"",
"They come down to my summer place on the Cape all the time,\" he said. \"",
"Every weekend is open house. ",
"We have great food, great conversation, and plenty of laughs.\"",
"\n\nAfter the soft-sell spiel, Woolf got down to the nitty-gritty of the discussion, proposing a tantalizing deal to the cash-strapped underclassman. \"",
"Look, I want to represent you when the time comes. ",
"We can't sign a formal agreement while you're still playing for Providence, but what I can do is lend you some money. ",
"I won't charge you a dime in interest. ",
"All you have to do is agree to pay me back once you sign your pro deal. ",
"What I'm really asking from you is your loyalty.\"",
"\n\nBarnes was blown away. \"",
"Woolf told me he would give me $200 a week and help out my mother with her bills. ",
"If the man came through like he was promising, I'd be on easy street.\"",
"\n\nThe sports bigwig slid two copies of an already filled-out promissory note across the desk, and his prospective client signed them without even reading the document. ",
"As Barnes stood up to leave, Woolf handed him eight crisp hundred-dollar bills, the first monthly loan installment. ",
"To seal the deal, the two shook hands while Bailey took a few Polaroid snapshots for his boss.",
"\n\n\"Even though I knew accepting money from an agent wasn't exactly on the up-and-up, I felt like I had just attended a meeting that was going to change my life. ",
"And it did, just not in the way I was expecting.\"",
"\nFive\n\nHANDLING SUCCESS... AND FAILURE\n\nSix days after receiving an unanticipated helping hand from Bob Woolf, Marvin, playing in his second varsity game, grabbed 34 rebounds and blocked 12 shots—both school records that still stand—in a 76–58 romp over Buffalo State at the sold-out Alumni Hall. ",
"The masterful individual effort, which also included scoring 18 points, convinced the 3,400 in attendance that they had witnessed the birth of a Friar messiah.",
"\n\nOn campus, however, the pride of the Codding Court projects was troubled by the attitude of many supposedly prim and proper white students. ",
"Because there were only thirty-eight African Americans enrolled among a student body of 2,550, the ill-at-ease undergrad faced a distinct culture clash. \"",
"To put it mildly,\" he would later say, \"blacks weren't exactly welcomed with open arms. ",
"In my dorm, we were treated like we had some highly contagious disease.\"",
"\n\nBy the middle of the school year, Barnes felt unwanted and mistrusted. ",
"His expressionless demeanor did not go unnoticed by the faculty. ",
"One day he was summoned to a meeting with Father Walter Heath, the supervisor of dormitory residents. \"",
"Marvin, you don't interact with anyone except your teammates. ",
"Is there a problem?\" ",
"the priest asked. \"",
"You never show any emotion. ",
"Smile once in a while, will you?\"",
"\n\n\"There's nothing to smile about,\" the student-athlete replied defensively. \"",
"My life here isn't about cracking jokes and making friends. ",
"I'm not trying to win no popularity contests. ",
"I'm just working hard to get my degree.\"",
"\n\n\"Look, here's our concern,\" the spiritual counselor replied. \"",
"You always seem angry. ",
"The way you look at people, it's scaring them.\"",
"\n\nScaring them? ",
"In the basketball star's view, it was he who felt distressed by the icy stares he received from all the PC preppie types, with their crew cuts, Izod knit shirts, Irish wool sweaters, and tasseled brown penny loafers.",
"\n\n\"Father, I just want to get along,\" Marvin said, attempting to end the strained dialogue. \"",
"I don't act like a snob or a big shot, and I'm not looking for any hassles.\"",
"\n\nThe basketball team became Barnes's family on campus. ",
"In addition to his friendships with black teammates and Ernie DiGregorio, he grew close to two other white players, forward Fran Costello and Kevin Stacom, a guard from Queens, New York, who had recently transferred from Holy Cross. ",
"Being surrounded by fellow athletes whom he totally trusted was now the only way he could be himself, relaxed and lighthearted.",
"\n\n\"News was always joking around,\" Costello remembers. \"",
"It seemed like every day there was a new Marvin story floating around the locker room. ",
"It might have been about him and one of his girlfriends. ",
"It might have involved some off-the-wall stunt he pulled at practice or something he said to Coach. ",
"What stood out to me was that he never had a problem poking fun at himself.\"",
"\n\nProvidence entered the 1972 NCAA tournament with a 21–5 record. ",
"The Friars, though, had faced only one Top 10–ranked opponent all season (a 70–66 victory over No. ",
"7 USC) and were routed, 76–60, in the opening round by the 2nd-seeded University of Pennsylvania.",
"\n\nBarnes averaged 21.6 points and 15.8 rebounds in his first varsity campaign. ",
"DiGregorio also put up impressive numbers, racking up 17.7 points and 7.9 assists per game. ",
"The outlook for the 1972–73 season was highly promising, especially with Stacom, a deadly outside shooter, becoming eligible to compete.",
"\n\nIt was increasingly evident to Barnes that his celebrity status could lead to receiving special treatment. ",
"A few weeks after the tournament, he was walking down Huxley Avenue toward the gym when DiGregorio slowly coasted by in a shiny new dark green Corvette Stingray, complete with a vanity license plate that read \"Ernie D.\"\n\n\"Hey, man, where'd you get the wheels?\" ",
"Barnes shouted.",
"\n\n\"I used my room and board money to buy it,\" DiGregorio, who lived at home while attending school, replied.",
"\n\n\"Oh, yeah, well, I need to get me something classy, too,\" said Barnes, who proceeded to walk to the athletic office, where he inquired about how to obtain a vehicle as sharp as his teammate's.",
"\n\nThe following day he and his mother were driven by an alumnus to Tasca Ford, where the basketball star picked out a 1972 four-door yellow LTD, with brown leather interior. \"",
"Don't forget, put 'News 24'on the license plate,\" Marvin told the salesman before leaving the dealership.",
"\n\n\"Never did find out who paid for the car,\" he said years later. \"",
"To be honest, I didn't want to know and didn't care. ",
"All I can say for sure is that my mother and me didn't have enough money to buy a used bicycle, let alone pay for a brand new luxury automobile.\"",
"\n\nOnce Barnes took possession of the vehicle, there was one major obstacle for him to overcome: He had virtually no driving experience. ",
"During the first month behind the wheel of his stylish sedan, he was involved in two fender benders, both of which were his fault. ",
"He also backed into a fire hydrant while attempting to parallel park, creating a geyser that sprayed a forceful stream of water 20 feet into the air. \"",
"Funniest thing I've even seen,\" recounts teammate Mark McAndrew. \"",
"There was Marvin stranded in his car on a flooded street as thousands of gallons of water poured down onto his car roof like Niagara Falls. ",
"It was something straight out of a TV cartoon.\"",
"\n\nIn May of 1972, the sophomore, whom the ABA classified as an underclassman free agent, was offered a two-year $300,000 guaranteed contract by the Denver Rockets. \"",
"I knew I could eventually do a lot better by staying put, so I turned down the deal. ",
"It was a no-brainer,\" he said years later. \"",
"What you've got to understand was that I wasn't hurting for cash because Woolf was sending me my eight hundred [dollars] every month like clockwork.\"",
"\n\nHaving passed up the chance to play professionally in the Mile High City, Barnes was given an opportunity to shine on a much more prestigious stage when he was chosen to try out for '72 United States Olympic basketball team. ",
"A total of 67 players would compete for 12 roster spots, plus two alternate selections, during a two-week training camp at the Air Force Academy in Colorado Springs.",
"\n\nSurprisingly, College Player of the Year Bill Walton was a no-show. ",
"The UCLA center, who was recovering from a foot injury and tendonitis in both knees, had been invited but declined. ",
"While no official explanation was given, the media reported that Bruins Coach John Wooden had advised his star to rest the entire offseason. ",
"There was also speculation that the Academic All-American would have been agreeable to joining the team if he were permitted to skip training camp. ",
"According to the rumors, US Head Coach Hank Iba rejected the bold proposal. ",
"Another theory was that Walton, an anti-war activist who had been arrested at a recent student demonstration, was boycotting the international competition in protest of US policies in Vietnam.",
"\n\nNo matter what the actual reason, his absence didn't appear to be a catastrophic setback because the Americans had never lost a game in Olympic competition (63–0), having won seven gold medals going into the '72 Munich Games.",
"\n\nAt tryouts, the candidates were divided into eight teams. ",
"Barnes was outstanding during the two-a-day scrimmages, finishing as the leading rebounder and shot blocker, as well as the fifth-leading scorer, in camp. ",
"His principal competition at the power forward and center spots were Minnesota's Jim Brewer, Maryland's Tom McMillen, American University's Kermit Washington, North Carolina State's Tom Burleson, Houston's Dwight Jones, Walton's UCLA backup Swen Nater, and North Carolina's Bobby Jones.",
"\n\n\"Talent-wise, Marvin was among the top players in camp,\" says former NBA coach Doug Collins, who was a starting guard on the '72 squad. \"",
"Everything he did looked effortless. ",
"The game came easy to him.\"",
"\n\nThe final roster, except for one selection by Iba, was chosen by a 52-man committee. \"",
"There were coaches and commissioners from every level of the NCAA, the NAIA, junior colleges, the AAU, and even the Armed Forces on that panel,\" said John Bach, who was an assistant coach for the US team. \"",
"It was very political, sort of a 'you vote for my guy and I'll vote for yours' type of thing.\"",
"\n\nIn the end, Barnes didn't make the cut.",
"\n\n\"Most of the guys at tryouts had never played against each other,\" says Collins. \"",
"We basically had fourteen days to learn everybody's strengths and weaknesses. ",
"We were all young, right around twenty years old. ",
"I think the committee's main concern was selecting a team that had the capabilities of becoming a cohesive unit. ",
"For some unknown reason, I guess they didn't believe Marvin fit their needs.\"",
"\n\nCollins wasn't the only player on the team who was puzzled by the decision to jettison Barnes. \"",
"If I had to pick one guy to be in the trenches with me when we went into battle, it would have been Marvin,\" says Ed Ratleff, a 6-foot-6 swingman from Cal State who made the squad. \"",
"He wasn't dirty, but he was extremely physical, a guy who was always ready and willing to protect his teammates.\"",
"\n\nBarnes believed his militant image cost him a spot on the roster. ",
"By his own admission, he was someone who could be argumentative and, at times, combative. \"",
"I wasn't your basic milk and cookies black guy who was polite, well-spoken, and always on his best behavior. ",
"I came straight out of the ghetto. ",
"I was a bit of a wise ass, ready to mix it up with anyone. ",
"One time I smacked McMillen right across the face after he elbowed me, and that caught the coaches' attention. ",
"I guess Iba thought I was loose cannon because he never gave me a reason for why I got cut.\"",
"\n\nThen–Boston Celtics coach Tommy Heinsohn watched the tryouts for a week. \"",
"The decision-makers must not have been paying any attention to the scrimmages because Marvin was, by far, the most impressive player on the court. ",
"He got every rebound, and no one could stop him from scoring. ",
"How could you leave a guy like that off the team? ",
"It made no sense.\"",
"\n\nBy the time the finals rolled around, only the Russians stood between the Americans and the gold medal. ",
"The more experienced Soviets, whose average age was twenty-six, had trained together seven days a week for two and a half years, having played more than 90 games as a unit internationally prior to the '72 Olympics. ",
"In reality, they were professionals, all being paid generously as full-time officers in the Red Army.",
"\n\nThe US opponents played a slowdown style that sucked the air out of the ball. ",
"Iba, strictly an old-school strategist, decided his team could beat the Russians at their own game by using a similar plodding offensive attack rather than attempting to capitalize on his youthful players' speed advantage by forcing an up-tempo pace.",
"\n\n\"We had the wrong damn coach,\" Ratleff says. \"",
"His first dumb mistake was cutting Marvin. ",
"His second came in the finals when he wouldn't let us use our fastbreak to run the Russians right out of the gym. ",
"Not one guy on our team agreed with Iba's game plan.\"",
"\n\nThe end of the Olympics gold-medal game between the two undefeated teams has remained shrouded in controversy to this day.",
"\n\nWith just one second showing on the clock, the US took its first lead of the contest, 50–49, when Collins, despite having been knocked unconscious after being slammed into the basket stanchion on a fastbreak drive, recovered and put in two free throws. ",
"The Americans thought they had the victory in hand. ",
"That's where confusion took over.",
"\n\nA fraction of a second before a still-groggy Collins drained his second free throw, a horn from the scorer's table had sounded in error. ",
"At the direction of William Jones, the British co-founder of the International Federation of Amateur Basketball, who had no legitimate authority at the Olympics, the referees counted the foul shot but ruled there were actually three seconds remaining in the game.",
"\n\nAfter the ball had been inbounded, one official blew his whistle as the Soviets struggled to bring the ball past midcourt as time was about to expire. ",
"As the Americans began to celebrate their apparent victory, the Russian coaches argued that they had called a timeout before Collins attempted his second free throw. ",
"The referees dismissed the claim, but, at the insistence of Jones, decided that the clock would be reset to three seconds and the inbounds pass would be replayed.",
"\n\nThe Soviets followed by attempting an 88-foot heave that missed its mark as time ran out. ",
"Once more, Team USA rejoiced. ",
"The refs, however, declared that as the ball was being put into play, the clock was still in the process of being reset. ",
"Therefore, the play was nullified.",
"\n\nOn the third \"do-over,\" 6-foot-8 Soviet center Alexander Belov caught a fullcourt pass, collided with 6-foot-7 Jim Forbes, sending him sprawling to the floor, and put in the game-winning layup.",
"\n\nUS officials filed a formal protest two hours later, but the rules committee upheld the Russian victory by a 3 to 2 vote, with three communist bloc nations voting against the appeal.",
"\n\nSo angry and distraught were the Americans at how the Soviets had been handed the win that they refused to accept their medals and boycotted the awards ceremony. \"",
"We weren't going to sell ourselves out for a few pieces of silver,\" shooting guard Tom Henderson says. ",
"Today, those medals, never presented and never worn, are stored in a vault in Lausanne, Switzerland.",
"\n\nWatching the game on TV by himself in his mother's living room, Barnes was seething as the most bizarre three seconds in basketball history played out for an agonizing six minutes in real time. \"",
"If Iba had kept me on the team, if I had been on the court for that last inbounds pass, there was no way it would've worked. ",
"I was stronger, faster, and could jump higher than all them Commies. ",
"Guaranteed, Belov never would have gotten a hand on the ball. ",
"I looked at replay after replay, and all I kept saying to myself was, 'What a crying shame.'\"",
"\nSix\n\nTHE TIRE IRON INCIDENT\n\nBefore the start of the 1972–73 season, Barnes was summoned to Gavitt's office for a potentially thorny discussion concerning how the coach intended to boost the draft stock of Ernie D, the Friars' senior All-American candidate.",
"\n\n\"Marvin, don't take this the wrong way, but this is going to be Ernie's year,\" Gavitt said. \"",
"I'm going to be talking him up every chance I get. ",
"We've got to make sure he's a top-five pick in the draft. ",
"After he goes pro, then it will be your turn to be in the spotlight. ",
"I'll do everything in my power to get you the kind of contract you deserve. ",
"You did the smart thing in turning down Denver's [$300,000] offer. ",
"Now it's my job to help you make a lot more money than what you could have gotten.\"",
"\n\nThe strategy was wholeheartedly endorsed by Barnes. \"",
"Hey, Dave, we've got the best damn point guard in the country. ",
"That's just fact. ",
"Whatever you've got to do to make people see that, I'm all for it.\"",
"\n\nOnce Gavitt was assured that his plan had been well received, he joked about the dilemma he'd been facing. \"",
"It's always difficult to promote one player over another, especially when it's you and Ernie who are involved. ",
"I can't win no matter what I do. ",
"If I don't rave about you, I'll get stabbed by one of your ghetto friends. ",
"If I don't praise Ernie, I'll get shot by one of his Mafioso buddies.\"",
"\n\nBut the laughs stopped on October 19, 1972, when Barnes assaulted teammate Larry Ketvirtis outside the school cafeteria hours after an elbowing incident during a team workout.",
"\n\nA lumbering white reserve center with an ornery disposition, Ketvirtis, who had averaged only 5.9 points and 3.6 rebounds in his first varsity season, carried 220 pounds on his 6-foot-10 frame. ",
"He was a bruiser who didn't think twice about injuring someone—and that was just in practice.",
"\n\nTen days prior to the conflict between the pair, six members of the varsity team had marched into Gavitt's office, demanding that Ketvirtis be dismissed from the team or, at the very least, banned from practices. ",
"They were fed up with his excessively aggressive fouling that had resulted in black eyes, sore jaws, broken noses, and other miscellaneous battle wounds. ",
"Let the out-of-control hatchet man participate only in games, the players argued, where opponents, not teammates, would be in jeopardy of physical harm.",
"\n\nGavitt flatly denied their request. \"",
"Larry plays a key role on this team. ",
"He's our enforcer. ",
"He gives us a degree of toughness that we need to be successful.\"",
"\n\nThe one voice conspicuously silent throughout the summit meeting was Barnes's. \"",
"I was the only guy who didn't want Ketvirtis booted off the team,\" he said later. \"",
"If we lost him, it would mean I would end up playing all my minutes at center rather than power forward, my natural position. ",
"I'd still get my points and rebounds, but I'd have to work a lot harder for them because I'd be going up against guys who outweighed me by 20, 30 pounds.\"",
"\n\nFurthermore, Barnes concurred with his coach that the Friars needed a butcher who possessed enough sheer nastiness to intimidate the opposition. \"",
"Larry loved all the contact, legit or not. ",
"I watched guys on other teams quit fighting for position because they couldn't take any more of his pushing, grabbing, kneeing, and hacking. ",
"He was as dirty as they come, which was great for us.\"",
"\n\nOn the day that would have a profound effect on both players, the squad's two big men were matched up against each other during an informal four-on-four scrimmage. \"",
"I was standing maybe three feet away from Ketvirtis when he came up with a loose ball and, for no reason, threw an elbow,\" Barnes said. \"",
"Nailed me right on the mouth and knocked back two of my lower front teeth. ",
"They were so loose that I could have pulled them out with my fingers.\"",
"\n\nBleeding profusely from a deep quarter-inch gash inside his lip, he spit out a glob of blood and walked unsteadily into the locker room. ",
"Gavitt, who had been watching from the stands, followed behind. \"",
"You know, this wouldn't have happened if you hadn't been bullshitting around out there,\" the coach coldly remarked.",
"\n\nThe snide comment infuriated Barnes. \"",
"Bullshitting around? ",
"I was just playing basic defense,\" he yelled back. \"",
"How the fuck can you blame me for what happened? ",
"What were you looking at, anyhow, Dave? ",
"Just add my bashed-in teeth to the list of injuries we bitched about to you the other day.\"",
"\n\nHis mouth swollen and stuffed with wads of cotton to contain the bleeding, Barnes was driven to a dentist, who cemented both teeth back into their sockets. ",
"The damaged incisors, however, were so torn from their roots that nothing could be done to save them permanently.",
"\n\nReturning to campus, he stopped by the Raymond Hall cafeteria and spotted Ketvirtis sitting with two freshman players, Mark McAndrew and Rick Dunphy. ",
"Instead of confronting his apparently remorseless teammate, Barnes sat down at a table across the room. ",
"That's when Tom Walters, a reserve guard, egged him on: \"You can't let that bonehead think he can get away with that nonsense. ",
"Call him out.\"",
"\n\nSwallowing the bait, Barnes motioned for Ketvirtis to step outside. ",
"The ensuing conversation did not last long.",
"\n\n\"Look, Larry, I can take whatever you got,\" Barnes said, \"but there are other guys who think you're dangerous, that you're destroying this team. ",
"They want you gone.\"",
"\n\n\"Well that's too bad. ",
"It's their problem,\" Ketvirtis replied. \"",
"You really think I care about anything that you've got to say?\"",
"\n\n\"Man, you just about knocked out two of my teeth,\" Barnes shouted back. \"",
"At least hear me out.\"",
"\n\n\"Hey, that's life, pal,\" the second stringer replied as he was turning away to walk back into the cafeteria.",
"\n\nIrate, Barnes delivered a blow to the face, knocking his teammate into the building's entrance door. ",
"He always maintained he threw a punch. ",
"Ketvirtis, on the other hand, eventually claimed he was hit with a tire iron.",
"\n\nBarnes insisted he was not in possession of a weapon when he struck Ketvirtis but did admit that following the heated confrontation, he retrieved a tire iron that he had hidden in a nearby bush. \"",
"The two of us came out of Raymond Hall at the same time,\" Barnes remembered. \"",
"Don't you think the guy would have noticed right away if I had been holding a tire iron? ",
"I was standing right in front of him, maybe five feet away, and we argued for at least a minute or two. ",
"He was looking right at me. ",
"If I had something that big in my hand, do you think he would have just stood there?",
"\n\n\"After Ketvirtis went inside, I ran over to where I had stashed the tire iron, picked it up, and carried it into the cafeteria with me. ",
"I wanted to make sure he saw me holding it so he wouldn't attack me, but I never had any intention of using it. ",
"All I wanted to do was keep the guy from charging at me, just like an animal trainer uses a chair and a whip to hold off a lion from mauling him.\"",
"\n\nAs the two stood ten feet apart from each other in the cafeteria, a clearly shaken Ketvirtis, continually pointing at the tire iron in his teammate's right hand to attract the attention of student onlookers, called for a truce. \"",
"Look, I don't want to fight,\" he yelled. \"",
"Put that thing down and we'll talk.\" ",
"Barnes slowly took four steps backward before dropping the foot-long black steel rod, which was immediately carried away by a staff worker on the scene.",
"\n\nAfter a few tense moments, the pair left the building through separate exits. ",
"Father Heath assessed Ketvirtis's injuries shortly afterward and would later say, \"Larry had a bump on his cheek and a small cut, just like hundreds of battle scars I've seen on kids who had gotten into minor fights over the years.\"",
"\n\nAccording to Gavitt, Ketvirtis didn't allege he had been struck by a weapon—at least not on the day of the attack. \"",
"When my staff and I met with Larry an hour after the incident,\" the coach said, \"he never mentioned anything about Marvin hitting him with a tire iron—and we talked with him for quite some time. ",
"What he told us was that he was hit from behind by a sucker punch.\"",
"\n\nFollowing the meeting with the coaches, Ketvirtis was driven to his home in Milton, Massachusetts, by a staff member. ",
"Later that night, he was examined at Carney Hospital in Boston, where X-rays showed he had sustained a fractured cheekbone.",
"\n\n\"If I had used a tire iron to hit the guy,\" Barnes said, \"don't you think he would have immediately filed charges and gone straight to a hospital near campus? ",
"Well, Ketvirtis didn't do either of those things. ",
"What I think happened is that once he got home, he talked to some lawyer who told him to see a doctor ASAP. ",
"Larry knew damn well I was going to be getting a bundle of money when I turned pro. ",
"This was his chance to cash in big time if he played his cards right.\"",
"\n\nDays after the incident, Providence College officials held a disciplinary hearing. ",
"As a result of the inquiry, Barnes was placed on probation but allowed to continue playing basketball.",
"\n\nKetvirtis, declaring that he had been the victim of a cover-up by the coaching staff and school administrators, withdrew from the school days after the ruling had been issued. \"",
"The fact that Marvin Barnes received total immunity was intolerable,\" he said weeks later. \"",
"I just wanted to get away from that place.\"",
"\n\nOn December 13, 1972, nearly two months after the physical conflict, the self-exiled former Friar filed a police report in Providence. ",
"A grand jury subsequently indicted Barnes for felony assault with a dangerous weapon.",
"\n\nBefore the start of the criminal proceedings, the prosecutor offered a plea deal of a year's suspended sentence and three years' probation. ",
"Defense attorney Alton Wiley advised his client to accept the proposal. ",
"Woolf, acting as an unofficial consultant, agreed with the recommendation. \"",
"There's a great amount of money at stake here,\" he explained to Barnes. \"",
"If by any chance you're found guilty, you'll have to go to prison for a minimum of two years. ",
"Not only will your market value go down, but you won't even be able to start your pro career until you're twenty-four or twenty-five.\"",
"\n\nThe guidance was emphatically rejected after Lula tearfully begged her son not to admit guilt for a crime he did not commit. \"",
"For the last time, I ain't copping no plea,\" Marvin told his lawyers. \"",
"The only thing I hit that man with was my fist.\"",
"\n\nA day into the trial, however, the embattled defendant relented and grudgingly accepted the prosecutor's terms. \"",
"I told the judge that the only way I'd plead guilty was if I could state for the record that I did not use a tire iron. ",
"He agreed to let me say my piece as long as I mentioned that based on the evidence, it was a possibility that the jury could convict me. ",
"In my heart, I know I would have been found innocent. ",
"It all boiled down to the fact that I couldn't risk serving time because then I'd lose everything I had worked for, including my scholarship and all the money I'd make during my first few years as a pro.\"",
"\n\nThe compromise judgment did not put an end to the matter. ",
"It was inevitable that once Barnes signed a pro contract, Ketvirtis would be seeking a seven-figure sum in damages by filing a civil suit.",
"\nSeven\n\nMAKING A RUN FOR THE NCAA TITLE\n\nOut in Vegas, oddsmakers installed UCLA as the prohibitive 4-5 preseason favorite to capture the 1973 NCAA title. ",
"Placing a wager on any other team appeared to be the ultimate sucker's bet because the Bruins were coming off a 30–0 season, which had earned them a sixth straight national championship. ",
"During the incredible run, John Wooden's elite troops had compiled an overall record of 175–5.",
"\n\nFor the upcoming campaign, UCLA would be led by Walton, whose supporting cast included Wilkes, 6-foot-8 power forward David Meyers (the nation's top-rated sophomore), and 6-foot-11 backup center Swen Nater.",
"\n\nProvidence was one of only a handful of teams given even a remote chance of taking down the West Coast Goliath. ",
"In the open court, Barnes could test the endurance of Walton while DiGregorio was as capable of quarterbacking the break as any point guard in the country. ",
"Complementing the up-tempo attack would be the perimeter shooting of Stacom. \"",
"Without a doubt, Kevin was the best practice player I've ever seen,\" said Barnes. \"",
"He'd hit ten straight from out deep and then get all mad at himself if the next one rimmed out. ",
"In games, though, he was too unselfish. ",
"He'd have an open shot and still be looking to pass. ",
"We'd all be wondering why he didn't just knock down the jumper. ",
"A 20-footer for him was like a free throw for anybody else. ",
"He was that good.\"",
"\n\nGavitt believed in turning his players loose, with DiGregorio choreographing the run-and-gun offense.",
"\n\n\"Gavitt knew how to get the most out of each player on the roster,\" recalls Stacom, who has now been a pro scout for more than twenty-five years. \"",
"He had a knack for mixing and matching. ",
"He'd always have five guys on the court who would work well together because he knew everyone's personality. ",
"Marvin and Ernie liked to put on a show, so Coach would let them get away with doing some wild things. ",
"If one of them took a crazy-looking running hook shot, the other just had to try one, too. ",
"Dave would be shaking his head in disbelief but rarely said a word.\"",
"\n\nThere were several bumps in the road during the 1972–73 campaign. ",
"The Friars, who were now playing their home games at the newly opened 12,400-seat Providence Civic Center, suffered their first road loss of the season to unranked Santa Clara, 97–92, on December 16. ",
"A month later, in a nationally televised game, top-ranked UCLA humbled No. ",
"11 Providence, 101–77, at Pauley Pavilion. ",
"In the showdown against Walton, Barnes picked up two early fouls and was never a factor.",
"\n\nNot that the setback depressed Bad News for too long. ",
"Just a few hours after the game, he and several teammates took in a show at a seedy strip club on Hollywood Boulevard. ",
"A performer named \"Black Velvet\" was finishing her act when Barnes, attired in a silk cape and a fedora adorned with a foot-long white feather that curled upward, leaped onto the stage and carried the scantily clothed entertainer into her dressing room. ",
"Consolation prize in his arms, he did not return to the team hotel until seven o'clock the following morning.",
"\n\nProvidence won 15 straight following the UCLA defeat, rolling into the NCAA tournament with a 24–2 record. ",
"The Friars handily beat St. Joseph's, 89–76, in their tourney opener. ",
"Penn, the team that had eliminated them the previous year, was next to be knocked out. ",
"Barnes was near-perfect in the 87–65 victory, scoring 20 points and grabbing 13 rebounds. ",
"His 10-for-10 shooting from the floor set an all-time tournament record for most field goal attempts without a miss.",
"\n\nIn the Elite Eight, fifth-rated Providence faced tenth-ranked Maryland. ",
"The Terrapins, with a 23–6 mark, were coached by the boisterous Lefty Driesell, who had been trumpeting his team all season as the \"UCLA of the East.\" ",
"At a pregame press conference, he managed to insult DiGregorio by referring to him as \"that DiGrago, Digro kid, whatever his name is\" and then adding, \"Ah, just call him Number 15.\"",
"\n\nThe Atlantic Coast Conference runners-up had a talent-laden starting lineup, with sophomore John Lucas at point, Tom McMillen at power forward, and Lenny Elmore at center. ",
"Lucas would go on to be the first overall pick of the 1976 NBA draft, while McMillen and Elmore would be selected ninth and thirteenth respectively in '74.",
"\n\nA three-point underdog, Maryland was demolished by Providence. ",
"DiGregorio led the way with 30 points, despite fouling out with eight minutes left in regulation. ",
"Stacom added 24. ",
"Barnes ruled the lanes, snatching 15 rebounds, one less than the combined total of McMillen and Elmore, in the 103–89 blowout that thrust Providence into the Final Four. ",
"After the game, a grinning DiGregorio told reporters, \"Go ask Driesell if he knows how to say my name now.\"",
"\n\n\"We're headed for a rematch against UCLA,\" Barnes said. \"",
"This time we're going to take care of business.\"",
"\n\nBut first the Friars would have to get past the Memphis State Tigers, who were led by junior Larry Kenon, rated by many scouts as the second-best underclassman power forward pro prospect in the country, behind only Barnes.",
"\n\nWith only the Tigers in their way, Providence jumped out to an early 24–16 lead in the Final Four matchup. ",
"DiGregorio was at his creative best, dribbling into the lane for five easy baskets. ",
"The floor general's highlight-reel moment came when he zipped a 35-foot behind-the-back pass between two befuddled defenders and into the hands of a wide-open Stacom, who caught the ball in stride and tossed in an uncontested layup. ",
"In the open court, Barnes sprinted past defenders to finish off three fastbreaks. ",
"Nat Holman, the legendary former CCNY coach who had won both the NCAA and NIT championships in 1950, called the Friars' fast start \"the best eight minutes of basketball I've ever seen.\"",
"\n\n\"We were running them into the ground,\" DiGregorio recalls. \"",
"Everything was going our way. ",
"And then it happened. ",
"Marvin went down.\"",
"\n\nWhile blocking a shot, which was ruled a goaltending violation, Barnes lost his balance and twisted his right knee, falling to the floor with a thud. ",
"After gingerly taking two steps, he was helped to the bench and sat out the remainder of the first half. ",
"Minus its inside scoring threat, Providence relied on DiGregorio's penetration and playmaking to hold a 49–40 advantage at intermission.",
"\n\nBarnes's absence, though, took its toll in the second half as Memphis State relentlessly jammed the ball inside to Kenon, who finished with 28 points and 22 rebounds. ",
"With 5:51 remaining and the Friars trailing 85–80, Barnes, his wounded knee heavily taped, reentered the game. ",
"For the next 1:47 of play, he limped up and down the court, grimacing with each tentative, stiff-legged step he took. ",
"Twenty seconds after putting in a flat-footed layup that cut the Memphis State lead to a single point, Barnes was taken out of the lineup by Gavitt. \"",
"Dave did the right thing. ",
"At that point, I was hurting the team because my knee had completely locked up. ",
"If I had stayed out there, we basically would've been playing four-on-five.\"",
"\n\nWhile Barnes watched forlornly from the bench, the Tigers put together a 13–1 surge to close out the game and come away with a 98–85 victory. (",
"In the NCAA title matchup, UCLA crushed Memphis State, 87–66, as Walton connected on an astounding 21-of-22 field goal attempts.)",
"\n\n\"Not making it to the championship game was a killer,\" said Barnes, who was named a third-team All-American by The Sporting News after having averaged 18.3 points and 19 rebounds for the season. \"",
"That rematch against UCLA would have been the greatest game ever played because both teams relied upon nonstop offense. ",
"Ask the PC fans who followed us that season and they'll swear we would have beaten UCLA, especially on a neutral court instead of at Pauley Pavilion. ",
"I think we would have torn them apart. ",
"No, check that, I know we would've.\"",
"\n\nWalton naturally disagrees. \"",
"Marvin, Ernie, and Kevin were tremendous players. ",
"But that's all tiny Providence College had for talent. ",
"We were the mighty Bruins, who went 30–0 for the second straight year. ",
"We had subs on our team who were drafted by the pros. ",
"It's what you call depth, something the Friars definitely did not have. ",
"Just look at what happened to them after Barnes got injured against Memphis. ",
"They folded. ",
"Marvin should have been thankful we didn't play them in the championship game. ",
"That injury of his saved them from the utter embarrassment of getting buried by us—again.\"",
"\n\nIn a postgame press release, the Providence team physician termed the damage to Barnes's knee as \"a moderate strain.\" ",
"But when X-rays revealed that the Friars center had suffered a slight cartilage tear and a dislocated kneecap, it was feared surgery might be required.",
"\n\nAfter conferring with three prominent orthopedic specialists, Gavitt told his hobbled pro prospect, \"I want you to take three months off before hitting the weights to build up the muscles around the knee. ",
"Then we'll see if the doctors believe an operation is necessary.\"",
"\n\nFor two and a half months, Barnes wore a cast to keep his knee stabilized and then resumed workouts in late May. \"I was running at full speed. ",
"There was a little swelling, but I could live with that. ",
"I wanted no part of surgery because I didn't want the pro scouts to think I might be damaged goods.\"",
"\n\nThe recuperating center offered a unique theory to teammates as to why his knee had buckled. \"",
"It was because of the damned three-inch high-heeled pimp shoes I wore all season. ",
"When I tried to walk and keep my balance in those things, my knees shook. ",
"Pretty soon, they felt sore. ",
"Right then and there, I should have thrown those stupid shoes away, but I just couldn't. ",
"I thought I looked so cool wearing them that I was willing to put up with a little discomfort. ",
"You know, I was styling for my women.\"",
"\n\nIn the offseason, the Rockets selected Barnes in the first round of the ABA undergraduate draft and upped their previous bid of $300,000 for two seasons to a guaranteed $1 million over five years. ",
"The proposal was tempting, and Woolf was pressuring the twenty-one-year-old to sign. ",
"Gavitt, however, reminded his star of their conversation eight months earlier. \"",
"I told you that this past season would be Ernie's time to get all the publicity and praise. ",
"I came through for him, didn't I? ",
"For a point guard to end up being taken third overall [by the Buffalo Braves] in the NBA draft, that was something special. ",
"I'll come through for you, too. ",
"I promise that if you stay for your senior year, you'll end up with a far better offer than the one you've got now.\"",
"\n\nIt was a quick and easy sell. ",
"Barnes picked up the phone in the athletic office, called Denver Head Coach Alex Hannum, and said he would welcome the chance to play for him, but only after the 1973–74 college season.",
"\n\nDespite DiGregorio's departure to the NBA, the Friars were ranked among the nation's top-ten teams for almost the entire 1973–74 season. ",
"In the team's fourth game, Barnes scored a school-record 52 points in a 94–92 win over Austin Peay at the Civic Center. ",
"Matched against Percy Howard, who would go on to catch a touchdown pass for the Dallas Cowboys in Super Bowl X, he overpowered his 6-foot-4 opponent and converted 23 field goals, also a Providence record.",
"\n\nAs the Friars continued to win impressively, the senior co-captain became quite the comedic entertainer. ",
"Minutes before a home game against William & Mary on December 20, he gallantly escorted four of his most devoted girlfriends to front-row seats behind the basket nearest to the team's bench. ",
"From the opening tipoff, he hot-dogged for the enthralled troupe, performing the Ali Shuffle in the lane while looking over his shoulder and hollering, \"I am the greatest.\" ",
"With Providence up by 28 late in the game, the court jester rooster-strutted his way over to his personal rooting section and shouted, \"Hey, ladies, how's News looking?\"",
"\n\nSuch wacky stunts genuinely amused Gavitt, who had become a father figure to his whimsical superstar.",
"\n\nFacing the University of Massachusetts on the road in mid-January, Providence trailed 76–75 with less than 20 seconds remaining. ",
"The Minutemen were in possession of the ball and Gavitt, shouting from the bench, ordered his players to intentionally foul point guard Rick Pitino, a feisty, hot-headed 6-foot senior who was a mediocre free throw shooter. ",
"Stepping to the line, the future Hall of Fame coach bounced the ball four times, took a deep breath, and bricked the front end of a one-and-one. ",
"The Friars capitalized on the miss, corralling the rebound and racing upcourt. ",
"With 00:06 showing on the game clock, Stacom banked in an 18-foot jumper that lifted PC to a 77–76 victory. ",
"Leaving the court, a jubilant Barnes called out to Pitino, \"Hey, squirt, I'm sending you a Providence jersey because you damn well were our MVP tonight.\"",
"\n\nWhen the team entered the Palestra in Philadelphia for a game against St. Joseph's two days later, Barnes seemed mesmerized as he watched several opposition players use a contraption that propelled basketballs off a backboard from varying angles. \"",
"Hey, coach, maybe we should get one of those,\" he suggested. ",
"Without a second's pause, Gavitt shot back, \"Marvin, we've already got a rebounding machine—you.\"",
"\n\nNothing flustered the tenacious center during a close game. ",
"In a February contest at St. Bonaventure, the student body section broke into a deafening chant of \"tire iron, tire iron\" every time Barnes touched the ball. ",
"Trailing 67–62 late in the second half, the Friars called a timeout. ",
"As the team huddled up, Barnes stared at some of the more demonstrative hecklers and shouted, \"I hear you. ",
"Now just sit back, shut up, and watch me work.\" ",
"Over the closing three and a half minutes, he recorded nine points, five rebounds, and two blocks as Providence pulled in front and held on for a 74–69 victory. ",
"In 32 minutes of playing time, Barnes totaled 29 points, 16 rebounds, and four blocks, much to the displeasure of the Bonnies' raucous peanut gallery.",
"\n\nHeading into the NCAA tournament, the Friars were 22–3, but they were sent home early. ",
"After beating Penn in the First Round, 84–69, the Friars were crushed by the eventual national champion North Carolina State, 92–78, in their Sweet Sixteen match-up as guard David \"Skywalker\" Thompson poured in 40 points.",
"\n\nFor the season, Barnes averaged 22.1 points and led the nation in rebounding with 18.7 a game, earning him first-team All-American honors from UPI, AP, Basketball Weekly, Basketball Digest, and The Sporting News.",
"\n\nAs the NBA draft neared, Rhode Island's favorite son was constantly coming up with one-liners to provide the media with snippets of levity. ",
"One off-the-cuff remark, though, did not endear him to the blue-collar fans who had been in his corner. ",
"On Commencement Day at Providence, Barnes, who had been handed a blank diploma because he was ten credits shy of his degree, was asked by a reporter what his fair market value as a pro should be. \"",
"I won't play for less than a million,\" he boldly answered. \"",
"I'd rather work in a factory than take less than that.\"",
"\n\nThe flippant comment was designed to get a cheap laugh. ",
"Instead it went national, sparking outrage about bratty, money-hungry athletes and their high-and-mighty attitudes toward the average US worker, whose annual salary in 1974 was $8,030. ",
"As writer Scoop Jackson would note years later in Slam magazine, \"Marvin Barnes was the original Negro with an ego, an athlete whom America wasn't ready for.\"",
"\nEight\n\nA FREE SPIRIT AND THE BIG BAD WOOLF\n\nBill Walton, UCLA's hippie-in-residence and the only three-time Player of the Year in NCAA history, was the jackpot prize of the 1974 NBA draft. ",
"So when the Portland Trail Blazers won a coin flip with the Philadelphia 76ers for the first overall pick, Big Red was headed to the Rose City. ",
"Barnes was then selected by the Sixers.",
"\n\n\"Those two are in a class of their own,\" Dr. Jack Ramsay, who was coaching the Buffalo Braves, said at the time. \"",
"There are other talented players in the draft, but, quite honestly, Walton and Barnes are the only ones you can build a team around.\"",
"\n\nBarnes's ABA rights were still held by the Denver franchise, which had been rechristened the Nuggets, but the league had worked out an arrangement that allowed any of its clubs to sign the Providence All-American. ",
"Its board of governors had ruled that if a team other than Denver were to reach a contractual agreement with Barnes, the Nuggets, as compensation, would be awarded the first overall selection in the 1975 draft, which turned out to be 7-foot-1 Marvin \"The Human Eraser\" Webster.",
"\n\nGavitt urged his center to hire Attorney Larry Fleischer as his representative. \"",
"I knew Dave had no use for Woolf,\" Barnes said. \"",
"He had seen the two of us talking before a few games, and I could see he was steamed. ",
"Maybe he had a hunch that Bob was throwing some cash my way. ",
"Who knows?\"",
"\n\nDespite all the \"favors\" Woolf had done for him, the consensus All-American heeded his coach's advice and chose Fleischer, who was the Players' Association general counsel, as well as the agent for DiGregorio, who had just been voted the NBA's Rookie of the Year. ",
"Barnes, though, frustrated with what he perceived was a lack of progress in contract talks with the 76ers, fired the New York–based dealmaker fifteen days after the draft and reunited with Woolf.",
"\n\nPhiladelphia was in dire need of both scoring and rebounding, placing Barnes in the position to be a franchise savior. ",
"He, however, never seriously considered signing with the Sixers because, according to what Woolf had told him, they were only offering a half-guaranteed four-year deal worth a total of $900,000. ",
"Throw in the fact that Walton's five-year, $3 million contract with Portland was fully guaranteed, and, well, Marvin felt insulted.",
"\n\nThe 76ers denied such a lowball proposal was ever made.",
"\n\n\"Barnes was completely misled by Woolf,\" says Gene Shue, who was Philadelphia's general manager in 1974. \"",
"The year before we had paid Doug Collins, the top pick in the draft, $1.4 million for five years, all guaranteed—and he was a guard, not a big man. ",
"We needed Marvin in the worst way, and we were willing to pay him top dollar. ",
"We had to get a high-scoring frontcourt player who could help boost attendance because we had won only 25 games the previous season. ",
"You don't use the second overall pick on a player you don't feel is going to be a perennial All-Star, and you don't draft a guy that high unless you're going to do everything possible to sign him.\"",
"\n\nShue claims that Philly's initial offer was a 75-percent guaranteed $1.1 million for four years, plus performance incentives for rebounding and scoring. \"",
"I thought it was an excellent starting point,\" he says. \"",
"Woolf told me he'd get back to me with a counter-proposal. ",
"That's how good-faith bargaining works. ",
"But he never called me again. ",
"I had heard plenty of stories about agents getting kickbacks from the ABA to steer their clients to its teams. ",
"From my experience with Woolf, I think those stories just might have been true.\"",
"\n\nWoolf told Barnes that his best move financially would be to sign with the ABA's Spirits of St. Louis. ",
"The team had been born in July of '74 after Ozzie and Danny Silna, two wealthy brothers from New Jersey who had made their fortune manufacturing polyester fabrics, bought the Carolina Cougars for $1.5 million and immediately relocated the franchise to the Gateway City. ",
"Prior to the sale, though, Cougars owner Tedd Munchak had stripped down the team, selling off the contracts of his two All-Star guards, Mack Calvin and Ted McClain. ",
"In addition, Carolina had also lost high-scoring small forward Billy Cunningham to free agency.",
"\n\n\"When we started operations, we had just four veterans under contract, and only two of them, Joe Caldwell and Steve Jones, were potential starters,\" said Harry Weltman, who was the Spirits general manager. \"",
"We had the rights to two very promising rookie forwards in Maurice Lucas and Gus Gerard, but to be truly competitive we had to add at least two more players who could come in and be major contributors. ",
"Trouble was I didn't have the ability to make any deals because no one on our roster had much trade value.\"",
"\n\nFor St. Louis, signing Barnes wasn't just a hope, it was a necessity. \"",
"We knew we had to acquire one guy with superstar qualities who could give us instant credibility and also help us establish a solid fan base,\" Weltman said. \"",
"I thought if we could somehow find a way to get Marvin, we'd solve our two greatest problems.\"",
"\n\nDuring a conference call, Ozzie Silna, the Spirits' principal owner, told Barnes, \"We may be in our first year, but we've got a young, hungry group of guys. ",
"If you sign with us, you'll be the cornerstone of the franchise.\"",
"\n\nThe flattery worked to perfection.",
"\n\nWoolf and Barnes flew to New York to meet with Weltman and the team's legal counsel, Donald Schupak. ",
"As the negotiating session was about to begin, Woolf told his client to wait in the reception area of Schupak's office. \"",
"My future was at stake. ",
"I felt like I had every right to be in that meeting,\" Barnes would say later. \"",
"After a while, I got tired of sitting by myself, with nothing but the Financial Times and Wall Street Journal to read. ",
"I was ready to walk out the door and head back to Providence.\"",
"\n\nAfter two hours of bargaining, it seemed as if a deal was imminent. ",
"Woolf emerged from the meeting and revealed to Barnes that St. Louis was offering a total of $2.2 million for seven years, which included a $100,000 signing bonus, $35,000 for a down payment on a house or condo, and a new Cadillac Fleetwood.",
"\n\nWhat the crafty agent failed to mention initially was that the salary package would be spread over fourteen years, which meant the \"can't-miss\" center/forward would be receiving only $150,000 annually—and that was before taxes. ",
"When finally informed of the $1.05 million in deferred payments, Barnes balked. \"",
"Hell no! ",
"What if the league folds in a year or two, which I hear is very possible? ",
"What if every owner files for bankruptcy? ",
"Then who's going to pay me all the money I supposedly should be getting until I'm thirty-six fucking years old?\" ",
"All his concerns were valid.",
"\n\nWoolf, however, was able to persuade his client to accept the terms, maintaining that the deferred compensation would limit the amount of money former Providence teammate Larry Ketvirtis could be awarded if he were to win his civil court lawsuit. ",
"Barnes later claimed that Schupak also gave him a verbal commitment that the contract's payment schedule would be restructured once the anticipated \"tire iron\" case had been resolved.",
"\n\nAs part of the contract, which did not include an injury protection clause or any incentives, the Spirits agreed to pay Woolf's 10-percent commission, which amounted to $220,000, up front. ",
"Barnes, though, would be obligated to reimburse the team $20,000 per year until the lawyer's fee was fully repaid.",
"\n\n\"There were some agents who were nothing but whores. ",
"They would sell their mothers for a deal,\" sports attorney Ron Grinker told author Terry Pluto. \"",
"It was not uncommon for an agent to be paid more in the first year of a contract than what the player would receive.... It was just robbery.\"",
"\n\nBefore signing, Barnes wondered why someone as cagey as Woolf hadn't contacted the 76ers to seek a counter-offer that would be competitive. \"",
"I kept waiting for him to call Shue and find out if he would at least be willing to come close to what St. Louis was offering, but Bob never did.\"",
"\n\nAn hour after the Spirits contract had been finalized, Shue was informed by a Philadelphia reporter that his top draft pick had agreed to terms with St. Louis. \"",
"When I heard the news, I knew we had a crisis on our hands. ",
"There was no way to avoid going through another disastrous season. ",
"It wasn't until we were able to acquire [free agent forward] George McGinnis in '75 that we finally had a consistent inside scoring threat. ",
"A year after that, we bought Julius Erving's contract from the Nets. ",
"That's when we became a legitimate playoff team.",
"\n\n\"Had Marvin signed with us in '74, I honestly don't know if we could have gone after Dr. J in '76. ",
"I can tell you this: We wouldn't have paid as much as we did [$3 million] to the Nets for his rights. ",
"Not that we didn't absolutely love everything about Erving's game, it's just that I don't see any way we could have afforded to pay Barnes and McGinnis, as well as forking over such a huge amount to buy Julius's contract, along with paying him his $800,000 annual salary.",
"\n\n\"Woolf called me a month after the whole debacle. ",
"I told my secretary to let him know I was busy—for the next twenty years.\"",
"\n\nTwo weeks after officially becoming a Spirit, Barnes was summoned to appear in federal district court in Providence as the defendant in a $1.5 million civil suit filed by Ketvirtis.",
"\n\n\"No surprise to me,\" the suddenly well-to-do pro athlete said. \"",
"The only shocking thing is that he's not going after the whole $2.2 million I'll be getting from St. Louis.\"",
"\n\nUnlike in the criminal case, Barnes had no doubts he would be able to prove he was innocent of striking his former college teammate with a tire iron. ",
"When Ketvirtis took the stand, lead defense attorney Robert Conason grilled him about whether he considered himself an out-of-control \"dirty player.\"",
"\n\nQuestion: \"Did you have any fights at George Washington University before transferring to Providence?\"",
"\n\nAnswer: \"I recall one incident when I nudged this other fellow from behind. ",
"He turned around and hit me, and I started to fight.\"",
"\n\nQuestion: \"Did Providence teammate Ray Johnson make complaints to you about your play?\"",
"\n\nAnswer: \"He might have.\"",
"\n\nQuestion: \"Anybody else make complaints?\"",
"\n\nAnswer: \"I think Dave Gavitt may have spoken to me.\"",
"\n\nQuestion: \"In your first year on the Providence varsity, did the players complain there was a danger of injury because of your style of play?\"",
"\n\nAnswer: \"I think there was some talk, yes.\"",
"\n\nQuestion: \"Were some teammates injured by contact from you?\"",
"\n\nAnswer: \"Yeah, there were some.\"",
"\n\nQuestion: \"Some of them had to go to the hospital, correct?\"",
"\n\nAnswer: \"Yes, they did.\"",
"\n\nQuestion: \"Do you remember an incident against Southern California shown on national TV?\"",
"\n\nAnswer: \"Yes. ",
"Ron Riley of Southern Cal gave me an elbow and then a quick punch. ",
"I think I tried to punch him, but I was already falling back.\"",
"\n\nQuestion: \"You never tried to hit him again in the game?\"",
"\n\nAnswer: \"I wouldn't say I never tried to hit him, but I didn't throw a punch at him.\"",
"\n\nQuestion: \"Were there times when you swung punches at your own teammates during scrimmages?\"",
"\n\nAnswer: \"I can recall one specific punch thrown at Franny Costello, a forward.\"",
"\n\nQuestion: \"Did you have a fight where you chased one of your teammates, Nehru King?\"",
"\n\nAnswer: \"Yes.",
"\n\nQuestion: \"Did you state at a pretrial hearing that you thought specific players were out to get you?\"",
"\n\nAnswer: \"Basically I thought it was the black athletic group.\"",
"\n\nIn effect, Ketvirtis had been all but damned by his own words.",
"\n\nThe medical experts' testimony was also compelling. ",
"Two respected physicians stated that all the evidence, including the X-rays taken at Carney Hospital where Ketvirtis initially had been examined, supported Barnes's claim that he had never hit his teammate with anything but his fist. ",
"One of the doctors, Dr. Charles Mandell, head of the Fall River, Massachusetts, Hospital radiology department, told the media after the trial that he believed Barnes's acceptance of a plea deal in the criminal case had been a \"terrible error in judgment because there was no possibility a jury could have ignored all the medical facts that backed up his account of the incident.\"",
"\n\nArguably, the most dramatic moment of the civil trial came when Ketvirtis admitted that had Barnes been dismissed from the PC basketball team, he might have considered dropping the whole matter.",
"\n\n\"All along, Larry was figuring that if I got kicked off the team, he'd get his chance to be a big star,\" Barnes said. \"",
"My only thought while he was testifying was: 'What a little bitch.' ",
"All he really wanted was to get me thrown off so he could steal my minutes.\"",
"\n\nBecause Barnes acknowledged he had landed a punch during the assault, $10,000 was awarded to Ketvirtis for the cost of his medical bills. ",
"The jury, however, did not see fit to grant the plaintiff a penny of the $1.49 million he had been seeking in punitive damages. ",
"As the panel's foreman, Anthony Lucca, told reporters, \"To us, it was clear from all the testimony and evidence that the injuries were from a punch.\"",
"\n\nDespite the favorable outcome, Barnes would forever be tagged \"Tire Iron.\"",
"\n\n\"Even today, there are people who ask for my autograph, and want me to sign it 'Tire Iron,'\" he would say decades later. \"",
"They have the grapes to tell me it'll make their friends laugh. ",
"Well, it doesn't make me laugh. ",
"Call me News or, better yet, just plain Marvin. ",
"That works just fine for me.\"",
"\n\nOnce Barnes had received his $100,000 signing bonus from the Spirits, it took him less than three months to fritter away the entire sum.",
"\n\nAfter repaying Woolf $42,000 for the loans he and his mother had accepted during his college days, the big spender bought his sister a new car and paid for four of his friends to tag along with him on a ten-day trip to Hawaii.",
"\n\nFor Bad News, suddenly flush with more money than he could have ever imagined, it was essential to look the part of the young, successful millionaire athlete. ",
"Accordingly, he shelled out $10,000 for a new wardrobe and dropped another $16,000 on a down payment for a pre-owned 1965 Rolls Royce while also keeping his new white Caddy \"to use when it's raining.\"",
"\n\nDays before the Spirits training camp was scheduled to get underway, Woolf phoned his client to discuss an urgent matter. \"",
"Marvin, I've been reviewing all your bills that have come into my office. ",
"We need to put you on a tight budget. ",
"As of today, you're almost $20,000 in debt.\"",
"\n\nTo owe such a staggering amount was incomprehensible for Barnes. \"",
"Bob, I haven't even played my first pro game, and you're telling me I'm twenty grand in the hole? ",
"Why didn't you warn me before I went out and blew my entire signing bonus?\"",
"\n\n\"Because you were determined to splurge,\" Woolf replied. \"",
"You're an intelligent guy. ",
"You had to know you were spending a great deal of money. ",
"I didn't think I needed to explain that to you.\"",
"\n\n\"But you're supposed to be my financial adviser,\" Barnes shot back. \"",
"It's your job to make sure I'm doing OK moneywise. ",
"If I owed, say, a couple thousand, I could get a loan to hold me over until my first paycheck, but coming up with twenty grand, that's impossible. ",
"You're the business expert. ",
"I'm just a twenty-two-year-old kid who likes to have a good time.... It's over, Bob. ",
"I'm firing your ass.\" ",
"Marvin slammed down the phone and never again spoke to the sports attorney, who had already pocketed his $220,000 fee for negotiating the Spirits contract.",
"\n\nIn 1976, Woolf wrote a book, Behind Closed Doors, in which he detailed his successful career in sports law. ",
"An entire chapter was devoted to his dealings with Barnes, who was portrayed as being undisciplined, uninformed, and unintelligent.",
"\n\n\"I know there are people who are going to believe all the tall tales he spun in that book,\" Marvin said. \"",
"I admit that a few of his stories about my spending habits were true, but most of them were written to make it seem like he was doing his best to watch out for my interests. ",
"He made it sound like I ignored all his so-called words of wisdom. ",
"Fact is Bob Woolf didn't give me one bit of decent advice. ",
"I got played. ",
"I got hustled. ",
"The man was nothing but a slick fraud who enjoyed being in the spotlight with the rich and famous. ",
"I still remember when I was a senior at PC, and he took me to a Celtics game. ",
"The man paraded me around Boston Garden like I was one of them prized purebreds that are led around on a leash at a dog show.\"",
"\n\nBarnes was not the only pro athlete who came to detest Woolf's ethics. ",
"Boston Bruins star center Derek Sanderson, who signed a contract with sports attorney in 1967, found out far too late that Woolf had taken advantage of him financially in several business ventures.",
"\n\n\"I was just a naive twenty-year-old. ",
"I trusted the guy and gave him power of attorney, which was my big mistake,\" says Sanderson, who became an alcoholic during his playing days. \"",
"By the time I learned how he had been misusing my money, the guy had fleeced me out of a hundred thousand bucks, maybe more, through a couple of investment scams.",
"\n\n\"When I signed my record $2.6 million contract with the Philadelphia Blazers of the World Hockey Association in '72, Woolf charged me 10 percent, and he also blackmailed the team's owners into giving him another 10 percent for brokering the deal. ",
"Shit, he made $520,000. ",
"I was just twenty-six, and I didn't have a clue about what he was up to. ",
"It was a classic case of double-dipping, something a reputable agent would never do.\"",
"\n\nIn 1989, NBA stars Robert Parish, Sean Elliott, Glen Rice, and Darrell Griffith all sued Woolf for receiving his commissions up front instead of following collective bargaining rules that prohibited agents from collecting fees until their clients actually were paid their salaries. ",
"When the specifics of the lawsuit hit the newspapers, Woolf, who would pass away from a heart attack in 1993, quickly and quietly settled with the players, thus avoiding further negative publicity.",
"\n\n\"With that toothy fake smile of his,\" Barnes said, \"Bob Woolf conned a lot of people. ",
"I should know because he damn near bankrupted me.\"",
"\nNine\n\nTHE ROOKIE EXPERIENCE: COMEDY AND CHAOS\n\nAt a press conference to formally announce his signing with the Spirits, Barnes wore a bright yellow construction worker's hard hat—this from a guy who a few months earlier said he'd rather work in a factory than play for less than $1 million. \"",
"Right away,\" team owner Ozzie Silna said years later, \"we knew we were dealing with a different breed of cat.\"",
"\n\nThe media soon gravitated to the opinionated first-year pro whose spontaneous remarks earned him a reputation of being the ultimate quote machine. ",
"All a reporter had to do was insert the \"Barnes Bombshell of the Day\" into an article about the Spirits and it became must-read material. ",
"At times, it seemed Bad News was intentionally inviting trouble by expressing his candid views. ",
"For example, when asked how conservative Missourians might view his rather gaudy way of life, he answered, \"There are people around here who don't relate well to that type of Negro.\"",
"\n\nTeammates were thoroughly entertained by Barnes's animated banter with the press. \"",
"He was more outrageous than Charles Barkley,\" declares guard Steve \"Snapper\" Jones. \"",
"He loved to see his name in the newspapers and his face on TV. ",
"He always spoke his mind, and he didn't care whether anyone agreed with him. ",
"Most of us thought some of his comments had to be put-ons, but I don't think anyone really knew for sure.\"",
"\n\nOn media day, reporters swarmed around the loose-tongued face of the franchise, hoping he'd dish out a few juicy tidbits. ",
"As the lively group interview was about to conclude, the Spirits' self-appointed spokesman spotted a short white kid wearing a madras sports jacket and looking as if he were playing hooky from high school as he eavesdropped from 10 feet away.",
"\n\n\"I didn't know why this young guy was there,\" Barnes said years later, \"but he seemed scared to death. ",
"I was curious, so I went over to him and said, 'Hey, I'm Marvin. ",
"What's your name, big fella?'\"",
"\n\n\"I'm Bob, Bob Costas,\" the baby-faced onlooker said. \"",
"I'll be doing the play-by-play on KMOX. ",
"Pleasure to meet you.'\"",
"\n\nMarvin put an arm around the twenty-two-year-old sportscaster, fresh out of Syracuse University, and said, \"Got a deal for you, Bob. ",
"You make me sound good on the radio, and I'll always have your back.\"",
"\n\nCostas made everyone sound good. \"",
"He usually did his broadcasts at St. Louis Arena from right next to our bench, and I'd listen in on him when I came out of the game for a rest,\" Barnes said. \"",
"Bob had style, just like me. ",
"He was smooth and confident. ",
"I'd kid him all the time that he'd be going 'big-time' on us in a year or two. ",
"And that's just what happened. ",
"He's been the best in the business for decades.\" (",
"Over the course of his career, the NBC commentator has won twenty-six Emmys and been voted Sports Broadcaster of the Year a record eight times.)",
"\n\nOn the first day of practice, Spirits Head Coach Bob MacKinnon, who had been an assistant with the NBA's Buffalo Braves the previous three seasons, informed his prized rookie that he wanted him to take between 20 and 25 shots a game. ",
"Barnes, figuring he would make at least half of his attempts, thought the strategy made perfect sense.",
"\n\nMacKinnon's calm demeanor had a positive effect on his hyperactive whiz kid—at least in the beginning. ",
"When St. Louis faced the San Diego Conquistadors for the first time on October 29, the coach made a point of casually mentioning in his pregame pep talk that Caldwell Jones, the opposition's center, was the league's best defender. ",
"Barnes, responding to the thinly veiled challenge, proceeded to torch the 6-foot-11 Jones for 48 points and 30 rebounds.",
"\n\n\"If I had known I was going to be this good,\" Marvin told reporters following the game, \"I'd have asked Ozzie Silna for a lot more money.\"",
"\n\nFor the first month of the season, the Sprits' inside force was among the league's top ten in points, rebounds, and blocked shots. ",
"The team, although playing sub-.500 ball, was starting to show signs of jelling... until Bad News vanished without a trace.",
"\n\nThe strange saga began when \"Pogo\" Joe Caldwell, the team's player representative, scolded Barnes for being naive. \"",
"Your contract is a total joke,\" the thirty-three-year-old veteran barked. \"",
"You're our big gun, our MVP. ",
"Five players on this team have injury clauses, and you're not one of them.\"",
"\n\nNow believing he had been snookered by management, the impulsive rookie hired Caldwell's representative, Marshall Boyer, an eccentric wheeler dealer from Los Angeles, to renegotiate his deal. ",
"The agent, who claimed to have cosmic rays running through his body and often spoke in nonsensical riddles, took immediate and drastic action, persuading his new client to go into hiding—at a billiards tournament in Ohio. ",
"For four days, the team didn't have any knowledge as to the whereabouts of its highest-salaried player until Dayton Journal Herald sports reporter Mark Purdy received a tip that the dispirited Spirit was playing eight ball in a smoke-filled pool hall and subsequently interviewed the St. Louis sensation about his one-man strike. ",
"Meanwhile, Boyer seemed to be stumped as to what his next move might be.",
"\n\nAfter consulting with his mother, Barnes severed ties with the oddball adviser and moved on to Irwin Weiner, a former high school dropout who represented Knicks All-Star guard Walt \"Clyde\" Frazier and Julius Erving. ",
"Weiner's plan of attack was to somehow reach a settlement with the Silna brothers to release their disgruntled star. ",
"Once that had been accomplished, he would then negotiate a multimillion-dollar contract with an NBA club for his client's services. ",
"The AWOL Spirit, however, didn't buy into the farfetched strategy, dismissing his latest mouthpiece two days after he had signed on with him.",
"\n\nAt that point, Lula intervened. ",
"She phoned Ozzie Silna and received a commitment that he would help straighten out her son's mounting financial problems, but only if he would return to St. Louis immediately and honor his contract. \"",
"You're doing all the wrong things,\" she told Marvin. \"",
"Don't blame the team for problems you brought upon yourself by listening to Bob Woolf and agreeing to a deal that you didn't believe was fair in the first place.\"",
"\n\nHeeding her wishes, Barnes rejoined the Spirits, who had lost three of four games during his absence. \"",
"And [Silna] told my mother that they would work my contract out with me. ",
"Of course I'm a momma's boy, so I said okay.\"",
"\n\nAs a peace offering, Silna agreed to add an injury protection clause to the rookie's contract. ",
"He, however, refused to restructure the fourteen-year payout arrangement.",
"\n\nAt the same time as St. Louis's prodigal son was practicing for the first time in eleven days, Caldwell was being suspended indefinitely because, according to management, he had \"led Barnes astray.\" ",
"But as Costas later quipped, \"Marvin spent much of his entire life 'astray.' ",
"He didn't need a map or someone to lead him there.\"",
"\n\nPogo Joe, who averaged 16.1 points during his combined 11-year NBA/ABA career, would never play another game for St. Louis or any other pro team, having been blackballed for allegedly being a divisive clubhouse lawyer.",
"\n\nUnlike Caldwell, Barnes was free to resume his normal routine—at least \"normal\" by Marvin's standards. ",
"Days after returning to the Spirits, he arrived 45 minutes late for practice, insisting he was a guiltless victim of circumstances.",
"\n\n\"My car conked out five miles from the arena,\" he explained. \"",
"It took a mechanic a good half-hour to fix it.\"",
"\n\n\"But aren't you driving a Rolls Royce?\" ",
"MacKinnon asked.",
"\n\n\"Yeah, but they don't make 'em like they used to,\" Barnes deadpanned.",
"\n\n\"OK, if you say so, Marvin,\" the unruffled coach replied, \"but I don't think the Rolls people make too many lemons.\"",
"\n\nIn early January, Costas missed the team flight to Memphis for a Spirits–Sounds game and didn't arrive at Mid-South Coliseum until midway through the first quarter. ",
"In his absence, the radio broadcast back to St. Louis was silent, except for the muffled sound of the public address announcer calling out the last name of the player who just scored. ",
"Upon taking his seat at courtside, the frazzled sportscaster, sweat beading across his forehead, feared he might lose his job.",
"\n\nAt halftime, one of the Spirits asked the distraught play-by-play man how much money he would be fined. \"",
"In my business,\" Costas said, \"they don't fine people for showing up late to a game. ",
"They fire them.\"",
"\n\n\"Don't worry, Bob, they ain't going to can you,\" Barnes interrupted. \"",
"I'm going to put in a good word for you. ",
"I got a lot of pull around here. ",
"By now you've got to know that me and Ozzie Silna are tight. [",
"Bear in mind that these statements seemed to be quite a stretch since they were coming out of the mouth of a player who had just skipped out on his team for eleven days.]",
"\n\n\"Listen, even if they do dump your ass, you can come and work for me,\" Barnes kidded. \"",
"I've been looking for a little white dude to drive me around town in my Rolls. ",
"I'll get you one of those cool-looking chauffeur's caps, and I'll pay you good money, too.\"",
"\n\nCostas still enjoys recounting his most humorous Bad News anecdote:\n\nThe Spirits were flying from St. Louis to Louisville to play the Colonels on December 4. ",
"Barnes checked the itinerary and noticed that the return flight the next morning was scheduled to depart at 8 a.m. Its arrival time was listed as 7:58 a.m.\n\nBad News was perplexed and in full panic mode.",
"\n\n\"This ain't right,\" he told Costas. \"",
"This says we're arriving in St. Louis two minutes before we even take off from Louisville.\"",
"\n\n\"Yeah, it's correct,\" the broadcaster informed the visibly rattled player. \"",
"We're going from Eastern to Central Time. ",
"We gain an hour.\"",
"\n\n\"Bro, bro, I don't know about you,\" Barnes replied, \"but I ain't getting on no time machine.\" (",
"Eventually, he \"courageously\" tempted fate and boarded the team flight back home.)",
"\n\nFollowing a lifeless 120–101 Spirits loss to the Nets in New York on March 7, Barnes stood in the lobby of the team's hotel and loudly announced to his teammates that it was time to \"party hardy.\" ",
"A minute later, he invited two attractive basketball groupies to frolic the night away in his room even though the team had to catch a 7:15 a.m. flight to Norfolk, Virginia, the next morning for a game against the Squires.",
"\n\nWhen Barnes failed to show up for the 5:30 a.m. bus ride to LaGuardia Airport, team trainer Mike Kostich was dispatched to rouse the tardy star. ",
"Responding to a series of loud knocks at his door, Bad News, looking extremely hung over and fatigued, told Kostich he would make his own travel arrangements. ",
"By the time he arrived at LaGuardia five hours later, however, there were no more commercial departures to Norfolk that day. ",
"His only option would be to charter a private plane for himself and his two new girlfriends.",
"\n\nAn airline employee introduced him to a pilot who offered to fly the trio to Norfolk for $1,500. ",
"The terms seemed reasonable, but there was a major hitch: Barnes had only $40 in his wallet and was not carrying any credit cards or checks.",
"\n\nTo convince the pilot that he was indeed a man of financial means, the fast-thinking rookie reached into his travel bag and produced a copy of his recently signed $5,000 Topps basketball card contract. ",
"A deal was quickly struck. ",
"Barnes promised the self-employed aviator a front-row seat to the game, along with an autographed basketball, and said he'd \"order\" the Spirits general manager to pay for the flight as soon as they arrived at the arena.",
"\n\nWith less than hour remaining before game time, the six-seat prop plane touched down in Norfolk. ",
"Ducking into one of the airport restrooms, \"Movin' Marvin,\" as St. Louis Director of Operations Rudy Martzke had nicknamed him, changed into his uniform and donned a full-length fur coat. ",
"Then the traveling party squeezed into a taxi and headed to the Scope, home of the Squires. ",
"Two blocks from the arena, the cabbie was told to pull into a McDonald's where a takeout order was placed for fifteen cheeseburgers, six large fries, and five grape sodas.",
"\n\nMaking his grand entrance at courtside, Barnes, with his female companions clinging to his arms, spotted Harry Weltman, who seemed to be a tad testy, and nonchalantly approached him. ",
"Before the Spirits GM could utter a word, mink-wrapped Marvin reached into one of the McDonald's bags and handed his boss the 1974 equivalent of a Happy Meal. \"",
"Harry, I got good news and bad news for you. ",
"The good news is the food is on me,\" the seemingly oblivious center said. \"",
"The bad news is that you owe my pilot $1,500 for the plane ride, plus the twenty-five bucks he shelled out for our cab ride. ",
"Take it out of my next check.\"",
"\n\n\"[Weltman] is pissed off, but, they gotta pay the pilot, or I'm going to jail,\" Barnes said with a smile.",
"\n\n\"I was literally speechless because tipoff was only ten minutes away, and there was Marvin joking around and wearing that ridiculous fur of his,\" Weltman said later. \"",
"Don't ask me why, but I wrote out a check and paid the pilot.\"",
"\n\nMacKinnon was in a far less forgiving mood. ",
"After the unapologetic last-minute arrival had breezed into the locker room and shouted, \"Have no fear, News is here,\" the apoplectic coach muttered a few unflattering words and told the cheeseburger-munching rules breaker that he was being yanked from the starting lineup.",
"\n\n\"Coach was more pissed than I had ever seen him,\" Gerard said years later, \"but we [the players] actually thought it was kind of cool that Marvin had chartered his own plane. ",
"I mean this was the seventies, and doing something that wild and that expensive was unheard of.\"",
"\n\nWith the St. Louis trailing by 12 halfway through the first quarter, a simmering MacKinnon looked the down bench and yelled, \"Barnes, go in there and make something happen. ",
"Earn your money for a change.\"",
"\n\nAnd Bad News did just that. ",
"Almost every one of his jumpers dropped straight through the net. \"",
"I could have shot lefty with my eyes closed and wouldn't have missed,\" he said years later. \"",
"I'd run up the court and shout out to one of my girls, 'This one's for you, baby.' ",
"Next trip down, I'd look over at the other one and yell, 'Here comes a couple points just for you, sweetheart.'\"",
"\n\nPlaying 41 minutes, Barnes finished with 43 points, 19 rebounds, and three blocked shots as St. Louis rallied to beat Virginia, 114–111.",
"\n\n\"There's no denying that he was sensational in that game,\" Weltman said, \"but I told Silna the next day that we should still fine him at least a couple thousand. ",
"My recommendation was totally ignored. ",
"I think from that moment on, Marvin felt he could get away with doing whatever he pleased. ",
"His teammates started joking that he must be blackmailing Silna because he knew some deep, dark secret about the man's past. ",
"Players would complain to me all the time about Marvin's selfish behavior, and I couldn't give them any kind of explanation for why he was always given special treatment. ",
"All I know is that he made everyone in the front office look like saps.\"",
"\n\nJones, for one, thought it was a disgrace that management turned a blind eye to the rookie's irresponsible acts. \"",
"After the All-Star break, Barnes became more and more undependable,\" the former St. Louis guard says. \"",
"He hated to practice, was always late for the team bus, and started dogging it when we were losing badly. ",
"Even though the owners always told the media that he had been disciplined for his conduct, I don't think they ever made him pay a nickel of his so-called fines. ",
"He was like the class clown in grade school, always trying to see how much he could get away with before the teacher would pull him by the ear and punish him.\"",
"\n\nBarnes was well aware of the growing criticism by teammates. ",
"Quite obviously, he didn't care. ",
"When it came to abiding by team rules, the Spirits' agitator publicly declared himself a conscientious objector. \"",
"I don't want to act like an old man of thirty when I'm only twenty-two,\" he pontificated to reporters as they furiously scribbled down his pseudo rant. \"",
"But they keep telling me, 'You can't make any more mistakes, Marvin. ",
"Don't miss any more planes, Marvin. ",
"Be on time, Marvin. ",
"Drink your milk, Marvin. ",
"Eat your vegetables, Marvin.' ",
"Man, I'm twenty-two, and a twenty-two-year-old kid ain't no genius. ",
"I'm tired of being 'the franchise.'\"",
"\nTen\n\nPUTTING THE \"FUN\" IN DYSFUNCTIONAL\n\nIndiana Pacers forward George McGinnis, who shared 1975 MVP honors with Julius Erving, once described the Spirits of St. Louis as a team that \"led the world in crazies.\" ",
"His harsh assessment went unchallenged, principally because the first-year club had the unmanageable \"Bad News\" Barnes and his equally flaky rookie sidekick, James \"Fly\" Williams, on its roster.",
"\n\nA New York City schoolyard phenom, the 6-foot-5 Williams had averaged 28 points during his two varsity seasons at Austin Peay before turning pro at age twenty-one. \"",
"He was a likeable and talented kid, but he always wanted to do things on his own terms,\" Weltman said. \"",
"His priority was to be a master showman on the court, so he'd do anything to be the center of attention. ",
"I remember one time when we were on a fastbreak and Fly was trailing the play. ",
"All of a sudden he stopped running, casually walked over to the courtside seats, grabbed a cup of beer out of some poor woman's hand, chugged it down, and strolled back onto the court.\"",
"\n\nWilliams was a streak shooter who judged his success on the basis of how many field goals he attempted in a game. \"",
"Twenty minutes, 15 shots,\" he told teammates. \"",
"Ten minutes, ten shots. ",
"Just get me the rock and I be bringing us home.\"",
"\n\nThe one-on-one specialist had no upper front teeth and spoke with a slight lisp. ",
"The team offered to pay for him to get a denture plate, but he refused. \"",
"Can't do it,\" he said. \"",
"I'd lose all my personality. ",
"I wouldn't be 'The Fly' no more.\"",
"\n\nA native of Brooklyn, Williams often entertained his many female friends at his townhouse on off days. \"",
"Fly had them cooking his meals, washing his car, running errands, the whole nine yards,\" Barnes said. \"",
"While they were busy doing their chores, he'd be snorting coke. ",
"He's the guy who first got me into using on a regular basis. ",
"Until I started hanging with him, I had hardly touched the stuff.\"",
"\n\nOn the night before many home games, Bad News would go club-hopping with the visiting team's best players. \"",
"I'd show them all a real good time. ",
"Then I'd drive them back to their hotel and send up a couple of attractive hookers—I mean knockouts—to their rooms. ",
"I wanted the girls to take care of business. ",
"I told them to drain the guys, keep 'em up all night. ",
"I was hoping that when these suckers, all first-team All-Stars, showed up at the arena the next night, they'd all be legless. ",
"Funny thing is my plan never worked.\"",
"\n\nAt the opposite end of the spectrum, from the madcap world of Barnes and Williams was serious-minded power forward Maurice Lucas, a dedicated practitioner of yoga. ",
"The square-jawed rookie who had starred at Marquette would go on to become one of the most feared enforcers in the NBA, but he was far from a rugged intimidator when he entered the pro ranks. \"",
"In training camp, Mo was soft as cotton,\" said Barnes. \"",
"I toughened him up by using every dirty trick in the book when I went up against him in practice. ",
"I'd kick the living crap out of him, and he'd never come back at me. ",
"He played scared.\"",
"\n\nLucas, who died in 2010 after courageously battling cancer, was a man of few words. \"",
"Marvin was your typical hit-and-run type,\" he said years later, responding to his former teammate's criticism. \"",
"You know, he'd cheapshot you when you weren't looking and run away before you could retaliate. ",
"I'll say this much about him: He always talked a good game.\"",
"\n\nWhile Barnes and Williams were mentally \"out there,\" there was one member of the Spirits who was a \"closet crazy.\" ",
"Gus Gerard, a quiet, twenty-one-year-old small forward who had been signed to a five-year $950,000 contract by St. Louis following his junior year at the University of Virginia, was considered a positive influence in the locker room, a dedicated, hard-nosed type who was well respected by teammates, the coaching staff, and the front office.",
"\n\nWhat no one realized, however, was that the 6-foot-8 starter, who averaged 15.7 points and 7.9 rebounds in 1974–75 and was voted to the ABA's All-Rookie team, was hiding a dark secret. ",
"After home games, he'd head straight to his friendly pusher and purchase a supply of cocaine. ",
"In the privacy of his car, he'd get high before driving home. ",
"Today, Gerard, who has worked as a drug counselor for the past seventeen years, openly talks about how his all-consuming habit cost him his money, his family, and nearly his life. \"",
"Marvin and I went down similar paths for twenty years.\"",
"\n\nAs a result of drug abuse, Gerard's stats nosedived after his first year in St. Louis. ",
"Over the course of his final six pro seasons, he averaged just 7.2 points and 2.4 rebounds. \"",
"My focus was on dope, not basketball.\"",
"\n\nIn 1986, twelve years after Gerard's first hit and five years after he had retired from pro basketball, his wife discovered that the couple was $100,000 in debt. ",
"She confronted Gus, who broke down and confessed the humiliating details of his obsession with cocaine. ",
"Divorce papers were soon filed.",
"\n\nFor a while, Gerard stayed at his mother's home in Uniontown, Pennsylvania, where he financed his drug scores by earning $30 a night as a pizza delivery man. \"",
"I was so desperate and selfish that I started pilfering ten-dollar bills out of my mom's purse just so I could buy some pot. ",
"She never caught on to what I was doing or at least she never said anything to me, but I despised myself for stealing from her, so I decided to leave and move in with my brother's family.\" ",
"His visit, however, didn't last long before he was not-so-politely asked to find another place to live. \"",
"I spent my days walking around town, looking to mooch money from people I knew who felt sorry for me. ",
"Then I spent whatever cash I had scrounged up on dope,\" he says. \"",
"At night, I slept in my car or crashed at friends' homes.\"",
"\n\nWhat followed were years of fighting a losing battle against drug dependency and depression. ",
"Without any purpose in life, Gerard concluded he had no reason to live. ",
"Despite having earned $1.5 million during his career, he was now beyond broke, owing more than $26,000 in back child support for his son and daughter.",
"\n\n\"There's no other way to put it: I was a deadbeat dad,\" he says. \"",
"Cocaine had meant more to me than taking care of my own children's needs, and I couldn't see any way I could ever make amends to them.\"",
"\n\nOn May 25, 1993, a date that is forever etched in Gerard's mind, he made a fateful decision.",
"\n\n\"For some reason, my thoughts turned to Bill Robinzine, a teammate of mine when I played for the Kansas City Kings,\" he says. \"",
"My mind raced back to the day in 1982 when I heard Bill had taken his own life. ",
"He had parked his car in his garage, left the engine running, and committed suicide by inhaling carbon monoxide. ",
"I remember thinking, 'That's a peaceful way to end your troubles.' ",
"I pictured him sitting in the quiet darkness, finally at rest, with no more demons to battle.",
"\n\n\"I had nothing left to offer my children. ",
"Going out the same way Bill did was, in my mind, the reasonable thing to do.\"",
"\n\nSo Gerard, who was staying at a friend's house in Madison, Ohio, managed to borrow $200 and bought some cocaine and two half-gallons of rotgut vodka. ",
"After making the purchases, he drove around town in his dinged-up 1977 Toyota Corolla. \"",
"My plan was that when I ran out of coke and booze, I was going to kill myself,\" he says. \"",
"I tried to convince myself that suicide was a chicken's way out, but deep down I felt that by taking my own life, I'd be getting out of everybody's way. ",
"If I could get up the nerve to end it all, I wouldn't be causing any more pain to all those I loved, and at the same time, my own pain would be over.\"",
"\n\nAfter a two-day binge, he snorted the last traces of coke and drove to his buddy's house, pulling his car into the garage and closing the door. ",
"Then he got back into his vehicle and passed out with the engine running. ",
"But the despondent former Spirit had overlooked one crucial detail while planning his demise: He had forgotten that the car's fuel tank was nearly empty.",
"\n\n\"I don't know how long I had been out cold,\" he says, \"but I woke up feeling groggy and sick to my stomach. ",
"I was just alert enough to realize why I was still alive: The car had run out of gas before I could breathe in enough fumes to get the job done. ",
"All I could do was laugh, probably at the fact that I had screwed up once again.\"",
"\n\nStumbling into the house, Gerard walked to the kitchen and sat down at the breakfast table, attempting to clear his head. ",
"Scattered in front him was the Sunday edition of The Cleveland Plain Dealer. ",
"On the cover of Parade magazine was a picture of John Lucas, a friend from his playing days and a former cocaine abuser who had conquered his addiction and established a drug treatment facility in Houston. \"",
"I read the story of how he had turned his life around and phoned him right away,\" Gerard says. \"",
"After our talk, he wired me money for a bus ticket and I headed down to his rehab center the same day. ",
"I've been straight ever since.",
"\"1\n\nFreddie Lewis, a veteran All-Star point guard who had won three ABA championships as an Indiana Pacer, was the Spirits' voice of reason, the team captain, and Barnes's toughest critic. \"",
"Management wanted me to be Marvin's guardian angel,\" he says. \"",
"I was supposed to drive him to practice, make sure he didn't miss any team flights, and keep him focused on playing ball. ",
"In other words, I was the designated babysitter.\"",
"\n\nBarnes was scarcely in the market for those types of services.",
"\n\nIn ESPN's 30 for 30 documentary Free Spirits, Barnes recalled a conversation he had when Lewis arrived in St. Louis. \"",
"I remember when [Lewis] came into the locker room, he pulled me aside and said, 'Marvin, I'm here to help you. ",
"I'm gonna make you a star—a superstar. ",
"And I'm here to watch you, to keep you out of trouble.'\"",
"\n\n\"I was the old man on the team,\" Lewis says. \"",
"My idea of fun was going home and relaxing in front of the boob tube at night. ",
"Marvin, he was a hell raiser, always looking to party. ",
"There was nothing I could do or say that was going to turn him into a saint. ",
"On the court, though, he was supremely gifted. ",
"If he'd been able to block out all the outside distractions, I swear he could have led the league in scoring and rebounding as a rookie.\"",
"\n\n1 Gerard eventually earned a degree in drug counseling, caught up on his support payments, and reunited with his children after eight years of separation.",
"\nEleven\n\nMARVIN VS. ",
"THE DOCTOR: A BRIEF SHINING MOMENT\n\nTwo hours before a St. Louis home game against the New York Nets in early March of 1975, Barnes was kicking back in his townhouse living room, snorting a few rails of cocaine with a high school friend from Providence. ",
"What the Spirits' leading scorer and rebounder didn't realize was that his homey had laced the white powder with PCP, a powerful hallucinogen commonly known in drug vernacular as \"angel dust.\" ",
"By the time Bad News arrived at the arena, he was downright giddy and scatterbrained.",
"\n\nMeanwhile in New Jersey, the Silna brothers were hosting a party for fifty guests to watch the highly publicized televised matchup between Barnes and Julius Erving. ",
"From the opening tap, the Spirits' superstar-in-training was, to put it charitably, off his game. ",
"Laughing and chatting incessantly with opponents while leisurely trotting up and down the court, the supposed backbone of the St. Louis defense put up no resistance as the Nets rolled to a 124–96 win. ",
"On the offensive end, Barnes was equally useless, scoring a measly four points. ",
"The team owners, totally mortified, decided it was time to dish out a verbal spanking.",
"\n\nTwo days later, the Silnas, along with Donald Schupak, the team's legal counsel, flew to St. Louis for a Spirits–Memphis Sounds game. ",
"Unaware that the Silnas were in the building, Barnes was unstoppable, scoring 54 points and pulling down 23 rebounds in a 122–114 overtime victory. ",
"As soon as the final buzzer sounded, he was told to report to the team's administration office, where he found the three executives staring coldly at him.",
"\n\n\"Marvin, we watched the Nets game on TV the other night at my house,\" Ozzie Silna said in a calm but disgusted tone. \"",
"You were a disgrace. ",
"I've put my heart and soul, along with a substantial amount of my money, into putting this team together. ",
"I expect every one of my employees—the popcorn vendors, the ushers, the front office staff, and the players—to give me an honest day's work. ",
"You didn't do that against New York. ",
"I don't mind paying you a rather hefty salary, but you have to earn it. ",
"Otherwise, you're stealing from me, and I won't tolerate that.\"",
"\n\nBefore Barnes could offer any sort of apology, the ownership group stormed out the door.",
"\n\nDespite an ugly 32–52 record, the Spirits qualified for the playoffs in their first season. ",
"The defending champion Nets, however, were waiting in the first round. ",
"Not only had New York finished 26 games ahead of St. Louis in the standings, but it had won all 11 regular-season meetings between the two teams, with the average margin of victory having been a whopping 16 points. ",
"Additionally, Erving had outscored Barnes by more than 11 points per game in their head-to-head battles. ",
"In fact, the Spirits' big gun had been held to eight points or less three times by the Nets defense.",
"\n\n\"After our final regular-season game, I told everyone in the locker room that we could beat New York if we just played as a team and forgot about all the individual stats,\" Lewis says. \"",
"The only reaction I got was a bunch of guys snickering at me.\"",
"\n\nMembers of the media strongly implied that Barnes was too respectful of Erving. ",
"Newsday reporter Doug Smith, for example, claimed the usually confident center/forward acted as if he were \"clearly star struck\" whenever he faced Dr. J & Co. The stinging criticism energized the rookie, who proceeded to put together a string of stellar performances that carried St. Louis to the greatest playoff series upset in ABA history.",
"\n\nThe self-doubting Spirits managed to gain a split of the first two games at the Nassau Coliseum, the Nets' home court, as Barnes totaled 78 points and 30 rebounds. \"",
"I had never seen him so driven,\" said \"Snapper\" Jones, \"but bottom line, we still had only beaten New York once in thirteen tries. ",
"To have a realistic chance of taking the series, we had to win the next two in our own building.\"",
"\n\nDespite facing constant double-teams, Barnes seared New York for 35 points and 14 rebounds in a 113–108 Game Three Spirits' victory at St. Louis Arena. \"",
"In my mind, that was the one we needed,\" says Lewis. \"",
"The way we played, I think it shot the Nets' confidence to hell. ",
"Everyone in our locker room was thinking, 'Hey, no joke, Freddie was right. ",
"We really can win this thing.'\"",
"\n\nIn Game Four, Barnes tallied 23 points, 20 rebounds, and three blocks, which offset Erving's 35 points, as the Spirits utilized their fastbreak to secure an 11-point victory. \"",
"Defensively, it was by far Marvin's best game of the year,\" said Spirits GM Harry Weltman. \"",
"The Nets couldn't get near the basket with him protecting the rim. ",
"After a while, they simply gave up and settled for nothing but outside jumpers.\"",
"\n\nTrailing three games to one, the Nets hoped to regroup on their home court. ",
"As expected, they ran every set play through Erving, who finished with 34 points. ",
"But the Spirits, who were down by nine with 1:53 left in regulation, staged a miraculous comeback to gain a 108–107 win, pulling off the series upset, 4–1. ",
"It was Lewis who led the furious last-ditch charge, harassing Erving into committing a backcourt violation and then hitting a jumper from the top of the key with three seconds left to cap a 29-point effort.",
"\n\n\"In my 16-year pro career, I played in thirteen losing playoff series, and the one against St. Louis was probably the most heartbreaking,\" Erving would say shortly after he retired in 1987. \"",
"The Spirits were hungrier than us—and that shouldn't have been the case. ",
"We didn't show the right amount of anything: talent, desire, enthusiasm.\"",
"\n\nThe Nets series proved to be not only the apex of Barnes's season but of his entire pro career. ",
"For the five games, he outscored Erving, 153–137, outshot him 50 to 45 percent, and outrebounded him 78–49.",
"\n\n\"It was one of the few times I ever saw anyone get the best of Julius,\" says Wally Rooney, who was a referee in the ABA and NBA for more than twenty-five years. \"",
"I officiated a couple of games in that series, and I could see Erving was becoming more and more frustrated. ",
"He was begging for calls and wasn't getting them. ",
"Barnes, on the other hand, was having the time of his life.\"",
"\n\n\"Marvin was on a mission,\" says Hubie Brown. \"",
"He'd either drive right past everyone to the basket or pull up for an easy jumper in the lane. ",
"The Nets would sometimes put three guys on him, and it didn't matter at all.\"",
"\n\nIt looked as if Barnes had become the dominating force everyone had been waiting to see. \"",
"He had proven he could outduel Erving,\" Weltman said years later. \"",
"His effort in that series gave us tremendous optimism for the future. ",
"Unfortunately, it turned out to be false hope.\"",
"\n\nThe Spirits' chances for a second straight playoff series upset were all but snuffed out when Lewis suffered a season-ending ankle injury early in Game Three of the Eastern Division Finals against Kentucky. ",
"Without its veteran floor leader, St. Louis reverted to regular-season form, playing sloppy one-on-one basketball and falling to the Colonels in five games.",
"\n\nHaving averaged 24 points and 15.6 rebounds for the year, Barnes beat out Denver forward Bobby Jones and Utah center Moses Malone for the ABA's Rookie of the Year honors.",
"\n\n\"Statistically, Marvin had as good a season as almost anyone in the league,\" said Ozzie Silna years later. \"",
"Yes, he was inconsistent, but what rookie doesn't have his ups and downs? ",
"We chalked it up to inexperience and immaturity.\"",
"\n\nTwo days after the season had ended, Barnes stopped over at Fly Williams's townhouse to smoke a joint. ",
"He was greeted at the front door by an out-of-work construction worker named Bruce Edwards, who was entertaining three attractive women in the living room.",
"\n\nAfter introducing himself to everyone, Barnes headed upstairs, passing two more stunning female guests who were sitting quietly on the flight of steps. ",
"Peeking into the master bedroom, he saw Williams intimately engaged with yet another beautiful admirer. ",
"Not wanting to disturb his teammate's concentration, he went back downstairs, again walking by the young ladies who were patiently waiting their turn to spend some quality time with Fly.",
"\n\nReentering the living room, Bad News could no longer contain his curiosity.",
"\n\n\"Hey, Bruce, where did all these fine young things come from?\" ",
"he asked.",
"\n\n\"Fly asked me to find him some nice-looking girls for the day,\" Edwards replied.",
"\n\n\"You mean you know them all personally?\" ",
"Barnes added incredulously.",
"\n\n\"Sure do,\" Edwards said.",
"\n\n\"Brother, you've got to start hanging with me.\"",
"\n\nAnd once Williams went home to Brooklyn for the summer, Barnes followed through on his suggestion, inviting Edwards to move into his three-bedroom townhouse in Chesterfield, Missouri. ",
"In return for free room and board, the appreciative guest made sure his host was never lacking for feminine companionship.",
"\n\nBarnes also took in Bruce's brother, Jimbo, who had recently been released from prison after serving seven years' hard time for assault. ",
"According to Bruce, his brother also had \"a couple of murders under his belt.\" ",
"Ever attracted to society's criminal element, Bad News immediately formed a bond with the ex-con and hired him to be his bodyguard.",
"\n\nOne afternoon Jimbo said to his new employer, \"Got a guy I want you to meet. ",
"He practically runs St. Louis.\"",
"\n\nThe pair then drove to the Norwood Court apartments, located in a quiet middle-class neighborhood, where Barnes, as instructed by Edwards, who remained in the car, rang the bell for Suite No. ",
"4 from the lobby. ",
"A gruff voice crackled through a speaker box, asking the visitor to identify himself. \"",
"It's Marvin. ",
"Came here to meet you.\"",
"\n\n\"Second floor. ",
"My door's unlocked. ",
"I'm buzzing you in.\"",
"\n\nUpon entering the residence, Barnes noticed that the living room was unfurnished, there were no ceiling lights, and the window drapes were tightly drawn. ",
"Walking down a dark hallway, he spotted a thin black man, probably around thirty-five years of age, sitting in the kitchen.",
"\n\n\"C'mon in. ",
"Take a load off,\" said the sharply dressed stranger, who was wearing blue-tinted Ray-Ban sunglasses. \"",
"Everyone calls me Patch. ",
"Already know who you are. ",
"Got some coke on hand if you're interested. ",
"Real high-quality stuff.\"",
"\n\nThe basketball star, not knowing a thing about the man's background except that he was some type of high mucky-muck around town, played it safe and took a pass. ",
"An interview then followed. ",
"For 20 minutes, Barnes fielded a series of questions, mostly personal in nature. ",
"As the conversation was about to end, Patch asked his visitor which women he was seeing on a regular basis. ",
"Despite the intrusive nature of the inquiry, the sociable playboy rattled off the names of three young ladies he was dating but hadn't slept with yet. \"",
"Come back here a week from today at 2 p.m.,\" the supposed heavy hitter said. \"",
"I'm going to throw a private little get-together for you.\"",
"\n\nThat was Barnes's first encounter with Roosevelt Becton, the drug trafficking kingpin of America's heartland.",
"\n\nWhen the adventurous Spirit returned to the same apartment the following week, he was greeted warmly. \"",
"Welcome to my world,\" Patch shouted as the guest of honor walked in. ",
"With that, the three women Barnes had previously mentioned to his mysterious host paraded out of a bedroom, each one nude. ",
"The most attractive one was told to perform oral sex on Bad News and, before he could blink, she got down on her knees and did as she was ordered.",
"\n\nSuch was the power commanded by Becton.",
"\nTwelve\n\nTHE ST. ",
"LOUIS CONNECTION\n\nPrior to becoming involved in drug trafficking, Becton owned a popular St. Louis nightspot named the Fashion Palace, which was located at 71 Maryland Plaza in the upscale West End section of the city. ",
"Around the corner from the club were the Chase and the Park Plaza, both posh five-star hotels where US presidents, foreign dignitaries, Hollywood movie queens, and Frank Sinatra, along with his \"Rat Pack,\" all stayed when they came to town.",
"\n\n\"The Palace had a nice mix of customers—professional people, sports figures, politicians,\" Becton says. \"",
"It had a friendly atmosphere and was beautifully decorated. ",
"The place was always packed. ",
"Never any trouble. ",
"The problem I ran into was that certain folks around town, including the hotel owners, as well as the mayor and his City Hall cronies, were out to get me simply because we catered to a black crowd.",
"\n\n\"My enemies kept trying to buy me out, but I wouldn't sell because business was booming. ",
"When they couldn't tempt me into making a deal, they took more drastic steps. ",
"First, they burned my nightclub to the ground. ",
"After I rebuilt it, they bombed the place. ",
"All that was left was the shell of the building and a pile of rubble. ",
"I knew they were never going to stop trying to destroy me, so I finally gave up and sold the property.",
"\n\n\"At that point, I decided to become a marijuana distributor because some of the regulars at the Palace made their living by moving drugs. ",
"With all my connections, they thought I could be a major asset to them. ",
"Because all the people I knew who bought and sold weed were pulling in a fortune, I took a risk and started learning from them how to be a successful supplier.\"",
"\n\nPot trafficking was indeed a burgeoning high-profit industry. ",
"President Richard M. Nixon's \"War on Drugs\" declaration in 1971 had proven to be nothing more than meaningless political rhetoric. ",
"Once regarded as merely a pastime of the \"turn on and tune out\" sixties hippie subculture, smoking weed was now rapidly gaining acceptance in all segments of the country's population. ",
"Tens of thousands of unappreciated, overwhelmed Vietnam vets were using marijuana to relieve the stress of feeling ostracized in their own homeland. ",
"On college campuses, passing a joint or two around at a Saturday night frat party was commonplace. ",
"Out in the sedate suburbs, smoking a little grass with neighborhood friends was becoming an enjoyable leisure time activity for young married couples. ",
"Even low-income working-class stiffs were able to get high as often as they desired because the drug was so inexpensive and easy to obtain.",
"\n\nDemand for cocaine, or \"blow,\" as it was often called, was also on the rise.1 Back in the seventies, the potent white powder, sometimes labeled the \"Rich Man's Drug,\" was simplistically viewed as a fast-acting pick-me-up. ",
"Snorting a line or two during the middle of a frenzied workday was, in fact, becoming increasingly chicamong professionals in high-pressure positions such as corporate executives, movie stars, Wall Street traders, attorneys, politicians, and even medical personnel.",
"\n\nHaving decided that becoming a cocaine wholesaler would involve too much risk, Becton took full advantage of the spiraling demand for weed, with buyers from across the country regularly traveling to St. Louis to negotiate multimillion-dollar deals with him. ",
"In return, the grateful gangster thanked his loyal clients by providing them with the most decadent form of entertainment—all-night orgies that featured an abundance of weed, coke, and booze.",
"\n\nBecton's illegal enterprise, which he operated out of his clothing store, B&E, on Martin Luther King Boulevard, flourished due to two principal factors: He was one of the few drug suppliers in the country who had access to almost unlimited quantities of \"Grade A\" marijuana, as he called it; and he was an astute businessman who knew how to avoid conflicts. \"",
"My organization was nothing like the one in American Gangster,\" he says, referring to the 2007 movie that starred Denzel Washington. \"",
"We were strictly non-violent. ",
"All the Hollywood films about cutthroat drug traffickers have shootouts in every scene. ",
"Well, I didn't even carry [a gun]. ",
"If I made a commitment to provide a specific amount of pot at an agreed-upon price, I personally made sure everything was delivered on time, as promised. ",
"My best customers were the Irish crime bosses and the Olivastro Italian mob in St. Louis. ",
"I needed them, and they needed me. ",
"Everyone involved was making a bundle of money. ",
"That's why we all got along peaceably.\"",
"\n\nIn June of 1975, Barnes began to socialize frequently with Becton, hobnobbing his way into the mobster's inner circle in only a matter of weeks. ",
"As a strong bond was being formed between the happy-go-lucky jock and the cannabis czar of the Midwest, the trafficker began to disclose confidential details about his line of work, including the fact that his top two lieutenants, David Finley and Nathaniel Yancy, were making between $75,000 and $100,000 a month—tax free, of course.",
"\n\n\"When I found out what Patch's boys were making,\" Barnes said, \"I started thinking to myself, 'Man, I'm in the wrong fucking business.' ",
"What really changed my life was when Patch took me into a spare room at his place. ",
"He had a million dollars scattered on a bed. ",
"As I stared at all that cash, he told me, 'I'm giving this to my wife, so she'll stop bitching and moaning about me not treating her with respect. ",
"I also have to take care of the other women in my life. ",
"They all live in nice pads and drive new cars. ",
"I just keep buying them gifts—a diamond necklace for one, a gold bracelet for another, and a Caribbean vacation for the third—to keep them all happy.'\"",
"\n\nNaturally, the twenty-three-year-old racketeer wannabe was thoroughly impressed.",
"\n\nBarnes was soon offered the chance to earn big bucks the \"easy way,\" by becoming a junior partner in the drug merchant's organization. ",
"His job description: orgy host. \"",
"All my buyers loved the guy, which, of course, was great for business,\" says Becton. \"",
"He was a natural PR man. ",
"When I'd take my clients to the Spirits games, we'd sit courtside and he'd come over and treat my guests as if he'd been their best friend for years.",
"\n\n\"I didn't permit Marvin to sell pot, coke, or anything else. ",
"I didn't want to put him in a position of jeopardizing his career. ",
"I did my best to make sure playing basketball was his top priority because he had such a talent for the game. ",
"I let him make some good money on the side without having to do a damn thing because I wanted to bail him out of all his financial jams. ",
"There was absolutely nothing in it for me.\"",
"\n\nOnce a month, Barnes was allowed to purchase 100 pounds of marijuana for $100 a pound. ",
"Becton would then personally resell it for him for a minimum price of $350 a pound. \"",
"I was basically giving Marvin a $25,000 gift every 30 days. ",
"At that time, I could afford to be generous because I was pulling in more money than I knew what to do with.\"",
"\n\nBarnes soaked it all up. ",
"The kid who had dreamed of being a mobster while growing up in Codding Court suddenly found himself living out his childhood fantasies—while being a professional basketball player at the same time.",
"\n\nRumors, however, soon began to circulate that the syndicate's designated glad-hander was becoming a little too cozy with some truly dangerous people. \"",
"I found out that Marvin was experimenting with heroin,\" Becton says. \"",
"Back in those days, we called the stuff 'dog food.' ",
"He wasn't mainlining, mind you, but he was snorting up every now and then. ",
"He didn't have any idea that I was familiar with the lowlife pushers who were selling to him. ",
"I knew these pricks would just as soon put a bullet between his eyes than look at him. ",
"They couldn't have cared less that he played basketball for a living. ",
"If they thought he might talk too much or cross them, he was going to end up on a slab. ",
"I wanted him to stay away from all the dealers, and I told him so point blank.\"",
"\n\nBarnes wasn't any more savings conscious with his $300,000 annual supplementary income than he was with his basketball salary. ",
"He used some of his drug profits to pay down relatives' mortgages and helped out two members of his old Providence gang who were behind on their car loans. ",
"When Central High won another state title, he picked up the $1,400 tab for the players' leather championship jackets. ",
"There were also expensive items that he bought for himself—ornate watches and chains, four color TVs, top-of-the-line stereo equipment, a coyote fur jacket, and two pairs of alligator shoes. ",
"He also had thirteen phones installed in his townhouse—even though there were only eight rooms—plus the garage.",
"\n\nNeither credit cards nor checks were used to pay for his numerous transactions. \"",
"I didn't want the IRS snooping into my finances and asking me how I was getting my hands on all the money I was spending,\" Barnes said years later. \"",
"I dealt only in cold hard cash.\"",
"\n\nFor months at a time, his Spirits paychecks lay atop his bedroom dresser as if the money he earned from playing basketball was nothing more than pocket change. \"",
"When I was working for Patch, I ran out of ideas for how to spend all the dough that was rolling in. ",
"I had so much cash in my townhouse that I kept $100,000 in twenty dollar bills underneath a mattress that one of my girlfriends slept on.\"",
"\n\nBarnes, it seemed, had found Utopia—that is, until Paul Edward Hindelang Jr., a former East St. Louis, Illinois, grade school teacher, entered the picture.",
"\n\nIn the sinister world of drug running, Hindelang was a savant. ",
"Only twenty-four years old, he had formulated a nearly flawless scheme to smuggle marijuana into the US. ",
"Prior to coming to St. Louis, he had spent a year in Miami, somehow managing to cultivate a close friendship with Carlos Lehder, co-founder of Colombia's Medellin cartel. ",
"As a result of their mutual trust, the South American drug lord eventually agreed to supply \"Big Ed,\" as his friends called him, with shipments of pot at a discounted wholesale price. ",
"The 6-foot blond entrepreneur then forged an alliance with Becton to distribute the weed throughout the country.",
"\n\nHindelang had a mammoth ego, which was coupled with an insufferable personality. ",
"Barnes definitely was not a fan. \"",
"Ed was the only white guy in our organization, which made us all a little edgy when he first showed up. ",
"The guy treated everybody but Patch like he owned them because he was the one with all the international connections. ",
"He'd always brag about how he was going to make us all millionaires. ",
"I didn't want to hear that shit. ",
"Hell, I was already a millionaire—at least on paper.",
"\n\n\"It wasn't until Patch took me aside and explained that Ed was for real that I started to put up with all his big talk. ",
"I had a good thing going and I didn't want this guy messing things up for me. ",
"So, even though I knew he thought of us as nothing but his personal slaves, I did the best I could to get along with him.\"",
"\n\nWhat set Hindelang apart from all other traffickers was his method of smuggling marijuana into the States. ",
"He pioneered and masterminded the concept of using a \"mother ship,\" positioned in international waters three miles off Florida's Atlantic shoreline, as the base for his operations. ",
"The planning involved was meticulous and complex. ",
"According to one DEA official, the scheme was \"pure genius.\"",
"\n\nHaving such close ties to Lehder, all Hindelang had to do was make a single phone call to arrange for as much as 450,000 pounds of pot to be shipped from Colombia. ",
"He was even allowed to buy the grass on credit.",
"\n\nOnce a delivery had begun, eight or nine large commercial fishing boats would rendezvous at different locations with the marijuana-filled mother ship as it steamed up Florida's east coast. ",
"At each transfer site, tightly packed bales of weed were loaded onto a trawler from the freighter before it continued its northward course.",
"\n\nAfter pulling away from the supply ship, the fishing vessels headed precisely one and a half miles toward shore where the illegal cargo was hoisted onto as many as forty \"go-fast\" speed boats and sailboats at varying times throughout the day. ",
"The pleasure crafts, which blended in with the Sunshine State's other 800,000 or so recreational boats, then fanned out while transporting the pot to secluded private docks in the Keys, Miami, Hollywood, Fort Lauderdale, Boca Raton, Pompano Beach, Palm Beach, and Fort Pierce.",
"\n\nUtilizing this elaborate relay system, the crews had little fear of being caught.",
"\n\n\"We're not talking about moving a couple hundred pounds of marijuana,\" says one member of the Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) operation that eventually was instrumental in bringing down what was believed to be the largest drug smuggling organization in the country. \"",
"Hindelang's underbosses had to hire huge men, mostly college and pro football players, to load and unload the pot because each bale weighed 120 pounds. ",
"Each transfer was completed in ten minutes or less. ",
"These traffickers were highly intelligent and efficient. ",
"Every move they made was planned down to the last detail.\"",
"\n\nAfter the boats docked, the pot was loaded onto waiting Winnebagos and 18-wheelers. ",
"Twelve drivers then delivered the product to buyers in Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Washington, Atlanta, Detroit, St. Louis, Dallas, New Orleans, Chicago, Phoenix, and Las Vegas.",
"\n\nBecton, Hindelang, and, on three occasions, Barnes, flew down to Fort Lauderdale on a private Lear jet to oversee both onshore and offshore logistics from a house they had rented for a week. \"",
"Everything always went smoothly,\" Becton says. \"",
"Most of the time we played cards and brought in some women to entertain us.\"",
"\n\nBig Ed never used his own funds to pay the approximately 120 men involved in a single smuggling operation. ",
"In fact, almost all of his money was safely invested through friends and relatives in real estate, business ventures, and foreign bank accounts. ",
"Instead, he would ask Becton to bankroll the hiring costs, which were roughly $3.5 million per shipment. ",
"In exchange for financing the undertaking, Becton was allowed to buy 180,000 pounds of marijuana for $110 a pound, which he then resold to his customers at a 300- to 400-percent profit. ",
"According to an ICE official, Hindelang was paying the Colombians $100 a pound, which meant 100,000 pounds of marijuana cost him $10 million.",
"\n\n\"After the weed had been delivered to the major buyers, Hindelang and his underlings would realize profits close to $35 million per shipment while Becton's organization would net approximately $20 million,\" said Chuck Visco, a sheriff from Monroe County, Florida, who years later investigated the crimes and the money trail.",
"\n\nEventually, Hindelang, Barnes, Becton, and five trusted associates pooled their money to lease a freighter that had a 200-ton cargo hold. ",
"By using their own ship to pick up the marijuana at the Colombian port of Santa Marta and deliver it off the coast of Florida, the drug runners were able to increase their profits by approximately 15 percent since Lehder, not having to pay for shipping costs, was willing to sell the high-grade grass to Big Ed & Co. for the discounted price of $75 per pound.",
"\n\nBecause Hindelang was generously supplying Becton's top aides with complimentary drugs, Barnes was now more than willing to forgive his arrogance. \"",
"Ed started taking good care of me, and I actually started to like how he did business,\" he admitted. \"",
"The man was sharp and totally ruthless. ",
"Nobody could take that away from him.\"",
"\n\nThe more money Becton accumulated, the more bighearted he became in providing Barnes with financial security. ",
"Gradually the Spirits' headliner grew to be so immersed in the trafficker's lifestyle that he regarded basketball as nothing more than a casual hobby.",
"\n\n1 In clinical terms, cocaine is an extremely powerful stimulant that triggers feelings of euphoria and increased energy. ",
"Its long-term adverse effects include strokes, heart attacks, bone damage, seizures, memory loss, and a decrease in learning ability.",
"\nThirteen\n\nHIGH ON COCAINE\n\nSix days before the start of the ABA's 1975–76 season, the Baltimore Claws, formerly the Memphis Sounds, folded. ",
"Eleven games into the schedule, the San Diego Sails ceased operations. ",
"A week and a half later, the Utah Stars declared bankruptcy. ",
"With only seven teams remaining, the shrinking league was on its last leg.",
"\n\nSpirits coach Bob MacKinnon had moved on to become player personnel director of the Buffalo Braves in the NBA. ",
"Thirty-four-year-old Rod Thorn, who had been an assistant with the Nets, was named as his replacement. ",
"One of the new coach's first moves was to cut Barnes's coke-snorting comrade, Fly Williams. \"",
"Above average individual scorer, but he couldn't grasp the concept of team basketball,\" says Thorn. \"",
"Let me put it this way: When a guy flat out refuses to pass the ball on a three-on-one break, it's time to send him packing.\"",
"\n\nWilliams, who stayed in St. Louis for a few months following his release and occasionally partied with and supplied drugs to his ex-teammates when they were on the road, would spend the rest of his career playing in the minor leagues and overseas before returning to the streets of New York City, where obtaining cocaine became his sole obsession. ",
"In 1987, an hour after playing pick-up in his Brownsville neighborhood, he was shot in the back while attempting a robbery. ",
"The gun blast blew apart one of his lungs, a kidney, and a third of his stomach. \"",
"All I remember,\" Fly stated in his autobiography, The Fly 35, \"is watching blood filling up in my shoes. ",
"It was a miracle I didn't end up dead.\" ",
"For his crime, the schoolyard legend served fourteen months in prison.",
"\n\nThorn understood the necessity of establishing a solid working relationship with the team's top gate attraction. \"",
"Shortly before our opening game, I sat down with Marvin for an hour,\" the former Spirits coach remembers. \"",
"I stressed that I needed him to be the team leader, on and off the court. ",
"He said all the right things, and I left that meeting thinking the two of us were on the same page. ",
"The very next day he blew off practice. ",
"I mean, where do you go from there?\"",
"\n\nBarnes made no effort to conceal the fact that he was running with a shady crowd. \"",
"He was constantly surrounded by loudmouth types who always looked like they were itching for trouble,\" says Thorn. \"",
"I repeatedly warned him not to invite problems. ",
"I told him to get rid of all the hangers-on. ",
"He made all sorts of promises to me, but his behavior never changed. ",
"It was extremely frustrating because here was a guy whose natural abilities made you want to believe he was on the verge of greatness.",
"\n\n\"The guy was one of the most exceptional players I've ever seen, but I can't honestly say he was Hall of Fame material because the truly elite competitors share one trait he didn't possess. ",
"They're always dependable, willing to do whatever it takes to win. ",
"Marvin couldn't or wouldn't commit to playing at such a high level every time he put on the uniform.\"",
"\n\nIn December of '75, Becton ordered all members of his organization who were single to get married. ",
"At first, Barnes thought the edict had to be some kind of joke, but his boss clearly was not in the kidding mood. \"",
"I'm dead serious,\" Patch told Barnes. \"",
"You have to tone things down and start blending in. ",
"You think people don't notice when a dozen cars pull up to your place at two in the morning? ",
"Your neighbors have eyes and ears, and they're not idiots. ",
"They see all the people staggering in and out, drunk out their minds or high on drugs. ",
"They hear all the noise. ",
"This shit has to end before the cops figure out what's going on and take down my entire operation.\"",
"\n\nObeying Becton's command, Barnes, after a one-week \"engagement,\" wed a woman named Barbara, whom he had known for only a few months. \"",
"She was a very nice lady, but the marriage was a total sham. ",
"We got an annulment less than a year later. ",
"No hard feelings either way.\"",
"\n\nMidway through the season, it became apparent that Barnes and Lucas could no longer peacefully coexist in St. Louis. \"",
"They were always at each other's throats. ",
"The tension was palpable. ",
"One of them had to go,\" said Harry Weltman. \"",
"We needed a center and [Kentucky's] Caldwell Jones was available. ",
"Reluctantly, I traded Maurice, mainly because the Colonels had major reservations about Marvin's work ethic and his off-the-court conduct.\"",
"\n\nOne particular game between St. Louis and Kentucky following the trade is seared into the memory of former Spirit M. L. Carr. \"",
"It was a home game for us, and Lucas and Barnes were matched up at power forward. ",
"Maurice was getting killed so bad that the Colonels had to put their center, Artis Gilmore, on Marvin to try keeping him away from the basket. ",
"That didn't work either because Marvin ended up with 49 points and 31 rebounds. ",
"I didn't witness another performance like that until 1985 when Larry Bird scored 60 against the Atlanta Hawks in New Orleans.\"",
"\n\nDespite his increasing dependency on dope, Barnes was selected to play in the ABA All-Star Game for a second time. \"",
"His averages were solid, right around 25 [points] and 16 [rebounds] at the break,\" said Weltman, \"but he was the most up-and-down player I ever saw. ",
"He'd score 50 one game and five the next. ",
"There were far too many nights when he was invisible on the court.\"",
"\n\nSt. Louis guard Mike Barr, in particular, was openly critical of Barnes's erratic production. \"",
"It's obvious that basketball isn't Number One in Marvin's heart,\" he told St. Louis Post-Dispatch reporter Rick Hummel, \"but I don't know what is.\"",
"\n\nResponding to the growing number of disparaging comments, Bad News went on the offensive. \"",
"I'm a basketball player, not a monk. ",
"I play the women, I play the clothes, I play the cars. ",
"There are players, and there are playees,\" he told the media. \"",
"The players are the ones who play the playees. ",
"I'm a player.\" ",
"Then, after pausing a few seconds for effect, he smiled and said, \"To know me is to love me, and you don't know anybody who doesn't love News, do you?\"",
"\n\nIt was the flamboyant Spirit's quirky personality that helped deflect questions about whether he was a drug user. \"",
"I don't think anyone quite figured out what made him tick,\" Carr says. \"",
"At times he was on another planet. ",
"Honestly, he seemed to enjoy being thought of as just plain nuts.\"",
"\n\n\"During my time playing for the Spirits, I never had an inkling that Marvin had a substance abuse problem,\" veteran NBA coach and former Spirits teammate Mike D'Antoni says. \"",
"It just goes to show that enormous talent can mask almost anything. ",
"If someone had told me that he was a cokehead, I would have thought the idea was laughable. ",
"Everybody could see he marched to the beat of his own drum. ",
"But him being a druggie? ",
"That never crossed my mind.\"",
"\n\nAn infatuation with the lifestyle of hardened criminals led to Barnes carrying two guns at all times. \"",
"I always kept a roll of cash, sometimes two or three grand, in my right front pants pocket,\" he explained later, \"and I also had enemies on the streets who were threatening to kill me. ",
"Had to protect myself. ",
"When someone asked me why I needed two guns, I'd tell them, 'If one misfires, I always have the other one to get the job done.'\"",
"\n\nUltimately, Becton became irritated by his minor partner's stone-cold killer act. \"",
"I told him to concentrate on basketball or I was through with him. ",
"I let him know that I'd tell everyone who did business with me that he was too unstable to trust. ",
"I sat him down and said, 'Marvin, you'll have a target on your back if you don't listen carefully to me. ",
"Got it?'\"",
"\n\nBarnes didn't get it. ",
"Before one home game, he got high and burst into the St. Louis locker room waving around what turned out to be an unloaded pistol. \"",
"I'm going to kill every last one of you bitches,\" he yelled at his teammates. \"",
"You all ain't nothing but a bunch of backstabbers.\"",
"\n\nGuard Don Chaney was the first to dive for cover, hiding under the trainer's table. \"",
"I wasn't sure if News was serious or not, but I wasn't taking any chances. ",
"With him, you never knew. ",
"Luckily, it was just his idea of a prank.\"",
"\n\nIn late January, with St. Louis's record at 20–27, Thorn was fired. ",
"The Silna brothers and Weltman cited Thorn's inability to \"effectively communicate\" with Barnes as one of the primary reasons for his dismissal. ",
"Highly respected former Providence coach Joe Mullaney, who also had an impressive pro resume, was brought in to take over the bench duties. ",
"He had guided the Friars to 318 wins from 1955 until 1969, and management's thinking was that he could bring a sense of stability to Marvin's wildly immature life. ",
"The strategy proved to be a monumental failure.",
"\n\nAfter a month of Barnes's unexcused absences from practices, missed flights, and late arrivals to games, Mullaney demanded that the team heavily fine its man-child. ",
"When the exasperated coach was informed that the Spirits' undependable star still owed more than $24,000 for past rules violations, he snapped, \"Well, then suspend him without pay.\"",
"\n\n\"If we did that,\" a panicky club executive told Mullaney, \"he might just pick up and leave town altogether. ",
"Then what would we do?\"",
"\n\nThe veteran coach couldn't fathom management's logic, or rather its lack thereof. \"",
"They thought the future of the franchise rested on the shoulders of Marvin Barnes,\" Mullaney would later tell Pluto. \"",
"To me, that was a frightening thought.\"",
"\n\nBarnes was not enamored with his new coach. \"",
"MacKinnon was real cool, a man who knew the game inside out. ",
"Thorn was the hyper type, always pacing, flapping his arms and jumping up and down on the sideline. ",
"I called him \"Big Bird.\" ",
"He took some getting used to, but I could handle him. ",
"But I don't know about this Mullaney character. ",
"He's a screamer,\" the outspoken Spirit complained to Hummel. \"",
"He's yelling five different things at me—run, shoot, rebound, pass, get back on defense. ",
"Damn, I can't do them all at once.\"",
"\n\nBarnes's opinionated views went far beyond his own situation. ",
"Rookie M. L. Carr once made the mistake of seeking out his more established teammate for career advice. ",
"Late in the regular season, the 6-foot-5 swingman had been asked by Weltman if he would be interested in signing an extension. ",
"The twenty-four-year-old most assuredly could have used the security of a guaranteed multi-year deal since he had been previously cut by Kentucky of the ABA and also by Kansas City and Boston of the NBA.",
"\n\n\"I mentioned to Marvin that the Spirits wanted to renegotiate my contract. ",
"He told me to ask for a three-year deal for $400,000, with at least $100,000 of it being paid as a signing bonus. ",
"As soon as I told Weltman that I wanted six figures up front, the conversation ended. ",
"Next game I was taken out of the starting lineup. ",
"Marvin felt terrible because his advice had backfired on me, so he faked a back injury early in the first quarter just to get me extra playing time. ",
"Afterwards, he went out of his way to tell the media that the team should give me an extension because I was such a 'valuable asset.' ",
"I guess management wasn't paying attention to what he said because I never got another offer.\"",
"\n\nFortunately for Carr, he did receive a three-year $500,000 free-agent contract from the Detroit Pistons in the offseason and went on to enjoy a ten-year NBA career that included two championship seasons with the Boston Celtics. \"",
"In a roundabout way, I guess I should thank Marvin for that. ",
"But at the time he tried to help me out with St. Louis, I thought he just might have ruined my whole future.\"",
"\n\nOn paper, the Spirits appeared to be one of the favorites to win the 1976 ABA Championship. ",
"The talent-laden roster, led by Barnes, also featured Mike D'Antoni, Ron Boone, Caldwell Jones, Don Chaney, M. L. Carr, Freddie Lewis, and twenty-one-year-old Moses Malone, whose contract had been bought from the financially strapped Utah Stars a month into the season.1\n\nNevertheless, the team turned out to be a dud, finishing out of the playoffs in sixth place at 35–49, ahead of only the Virginia Squires, who'd won just 19 games and then folded days after the end of the regular season. ",
"Over the course of the final five weeks of play, during which time the Spirits went 2–10, Barnes's production dipped by two and a half points, three rebounds, and almost a blocked shot per game. ",
"He foolishly believed that all the cocaine he was snorting on a daily basis was boosting his intensity level. \"",
"When I was on the basketball court, I thought I was invincible. ",
"I was sure the only ones who could stop me were God and myself. ",
"And that's just what happened: I stopped myself by putting so much coke up my nose.\"",
"\n\n1 The 6-foot-10 Malone, a board-crashing brute, would go on to win three MVP awards and five rebounding titles in the NBA.",
"\nFourteen\n\nMOTOWN MADNESS\n\nDetails of the NBA's leveraged takeover of the ABA in May 1976 came as no surprise. ",
"With the merger, the ABA's Spirits of St. Louis and Kentucky Colonels had been left for dead.",
"\n\n\"The NBA only wanted to add four teams: the Spurs, Nuggets, Nets, and Pacers,\" former Spirits GM Weltman said. \"",
"They were adamant about it. ",
"What hurt our franchise the most was that home attendance was so miserable [an 'announced' 3,728 fans per game]. ",
"Still, I can't help but wonder if things might have turned out differently had Marvin lived up to his potential. ",
"But because our marquee player was so inconsistent, so disruptive, we were viewed as a shaky organization almost from the beginning.\"",
"\n\nThe defunct Spirits did, however, become the most profitable team never to play in the NBA, thanks to Ozzie Silna, who negotiated the shrewdest business deal in pro sports history.",
"\n\nIn order for the merger to take place, all six ABA franchises, including the two that were being dissolved, had to approve the financial terms. ",
"Kentucky owner John Y. Brown, having secured a deal to purchase the Buffalo Braves in the NBA for $6.2 million, agreed to fold the Colonels in return for $3.3 million. ",
"Silna, however, held out. ",
"Threatening to derail the entire process of forming a single, 22-team pro league, the St. Louis owner insisted on an equitable long-term settlement. ",
"In exchange for killing off the Spirits, he demanded $2.2 million in cash and a 14.7-percent share of the four assimilated ABA teams' television revenues in perpetuity, a phrase that haunts NBA executives to this day. ",
"Because league income from game telecasts at the time was next to nothing, the proposal was accepted with little debate.",
"\n\nAcceding to Silna's terms turned out to be an epic miscalculation on the part of the NBA. ",
"As the league's popularity exploded in the eighties and nineties, TV rights were sold to CBS and then NBC for staggering sums of money. ",
"Additional megabuck deals were later negotiated with TNT, ESPN, ABC, and TBS. ",
"As a result, NBA television revenues soared into the hundreds of millions of dollars annually, thus enabling St. Louis ownership to become filthy rich.",
"\n\nThe Silna brothers each took a 45-percent cut of the St. Louis settlement while the team's legal counsel, Donald Schupak, was given the remaining 10-percent share by the franchise's owners. ",
"Over the next thirty-eight years, the three beneficiaries of the pact collected an estimated total of $325 million from the league. ",
"Despite numerous attempts to discover a legal loophole, the NBA was never able to force a modification of the 1976 agreement.1\n\nA few weeks after the merger with the ABA had been ratified, the NBA held a dispersal draft to determine which teams would acquire the contracts of players on the Spirits' and Colonels' rosters. ",
"A fee for the rights to each individual was established, with clubs choosing in inverse order of their 1975–76 records.",
"\n\nThe first to be selected was 7-foot-2 Artis Gilmore, who went to the Chicago Bulls for a rights fee of $1.1 million. ",
"Maurice Lucas was then taken by the Portland Trail Blazers, who paid a mere $300,000 to purchase his contract. ",
"After Ron Boone was picked third by the Kansas City Kings, who shelled out $250,000, Barnes, with a steep price tag of $500,000, was scooped up by the Detroit Pistons. ",
"Moses Malone was the fifth player chosen, going to the Trail Blazers for a piddling $350,000. ",
"He was subsequently traded to the Buffalo Braves for a '78 first-round draft pick.",
"\n\nA total of twelve players from the two defunct ABA clubs were drafted. ",
"Those not taken became free agents.",
"\n\nSeveral teams that could have bought the rights to Barnes's long-term contract concluded that acquiring the former ABA Rookie of the Year would be too much of a gamble. \"",
"No one doubted his immense talent, but you'd hear numerous stories about him being a constant distraction, a bad influence,\" said Dr. Jack Ramsay, who had been named head coach of the Trail Blazers several weeks before the dispersal draft was held. \"",
"I think his reputation scared away some people, including us.\"",
"\n\nFrom all indications, though, Bad News was most welcome in Motown. ",
"The Pistons, coming off a lackluster 36–46 season, had been seeking a workhorse power forward to team with All-Star center Bob Lanier underneath the basket. ",
"It seemed like the ideal situation.",
"\n\nExcept in the muddled mind of Marvin.",
"\n\nThe rigors of being an addict/athlete had taken their toll. ",
"At the ripe old age of twenty-four, Barnes felt completely burnt out. ",
"Since the end of the Spirits' season in April, he had spent all his time snorting coke, smoking weed, and hosting orgies. ",
"Between his extensive drug use and crowded late-night social schedule, he couldn't find time to squeeze in even an occasional light workout.",
"\n\n\"I could never admit it at the time, but I was this close to being a junkie,\" he said, holding his thumb and forefinger a fraction of an inch apart. \"",
"I had always considered myself a star, a celebrity, and I enjoyed looking the part. ",
"But after the Spirits folded, all I cared about was getting high.\"",
"\n\nOnce a snappy, meticulously neat dresser, he now was frequently spotted around downtown St. Louis wearing T-shirts, baggy sweat pants, and cruddy sneakers that had no shoelaces. ",
"He seldom shaved, often settled for \"Right Guard showers\" instead of taking the time to use soap and water, ate nothing but fast food, and got little to no sleep. ",
"His weight dropped 25 pounds in three months.",
"\n\nIn Barnes's opinion, it didn't make sense to continue playing basketball. ",
"Mentally drained, the former king of the crazies formulated a radical strategy: He would take a year's sabbatical, relax for a while, and gradually work himself back into shape. ",
"Once rejuvenated, he'd make a spectacular comeback with the Pistons. ",
"An integral part of his master plan was that while on hiatus, he would continue to work for Becton in order to maintain a positive cash flow.",
"\n\nThe notion of him taking a career detour did not meet with the trafficker's approval. \"",
"If you quit playing ball,\" Patch told Barnes, \"you're out of my organization for good.\"",
"\n\nThe rebuke left the mobster's protégé with no alternative but to join the Pistons, but before Bad News would agree to report, he informed the media that his contract would have to be renegotiated. ",
"When Detroit General Manager Oscar Feldman shot down the bold demand, the renegade forward felt slighted. \"",
"Marvin Barnes doesn't beg,\" he declared, referring to himself in the third person. ",
"So, sans representation, he decided to hold out.",
"\n\n\"Friends of mine in the ABA had forewarned me that the guy could be selfish and unreliable,\" says Feldman. \"",
"After he refused to show up on time for training camp, I was livid. ",
"We had just paid $500,000 for his rights, and before he had even arrived in Detroit he was complaining to the media about being underpaid and underappreciated.\"",
"\n\nAfter two weeks of fruitless telephone discussions, an in-person meeting was arranged. ",
"Barnes's bluff was about to be called.",
"\n\n\"You know I'm not going to cave in,\" Feldman told him. \"",
"Show me that you can play at a consistently high level and I'll think about restructuring your deal. ",
"Make me a believer. ",
"Become an All-Star in this league. ",
"Then we'll talk. ",
"Right now, all you're doing is wasting my time.\"",
"\n\nThe disconsolate malcontent conceded defeat and joined the team. ",
"When asked by a reporter if he envisioned being a starter, Barnes, smug as ever, answered, \"Damn straight, cuz. ",
"News didn't come here to sit on no wood.\"",
"\n\nOff the court, Marvin's life had taken a turn for the better. ",
"He and Debbe Santos, whom he had dated regularly since his freshman year in college, had become the proud parents of a beautiful baby girl named Tiffani. ",
"But even the blessed event wasn't a lifestyle changer for the self-absorbed Pistons power forward, who still preferred to score cocaine rather than score points.",
"\n\nThe Motor City definitely was not an ideal environment for someone with Barnes's mindset. ",
"Drug use in the city was rampant. ",
"Violent crime had turned the metropolitan area into a 1,337-square-mile blood-soaked battleground. ",
"The economy had yet to recover from the effects of Detroit's 1967 race riots, which left 43 dead, 1,189 injured, 7,200 arrested, and more than 2,000 buildings and homes destroyed by fires. ",
"According to Michigan statistics, the local unemployment rate in 1976 was 21 percent, nearly three times the US average.",
"\n\nThe atmosphere inside the locker room was a reflection of the city's turbulent times. \"",
"Almost everyone on the team carried a licensed firearm,\" Barnes said. \"",
"There were so many guys who owned a piece that we started calling ourselves the 'Detroit Hoodlums.'\"",
"\n\nAccording to Pistons teammate M. L. Carr, there was one detail Bad News might have gotten wrong concerning the players' private gun collection. \"",
"I'm not so sure about the 'licensed' part. ",
"In Detroit, you could buy a pistol on almost any street corner. ",
"I guarantee they didn't come with no licenses.\"",
"\n\nThirty minutes into his first preseason practice, Barnes went up for a rebound and landed awkwardly. ",
"Feeling a burning sensation down his right leg, he limped off the court. ",
"In the locker room, the team doctor ordered X-rays, which came back negative. ",
"Media members insinuated the new arrival had faked the injury because he simply did not have the stamina to get through a full workout.",
"\n\n\"Reporters were dogging me, telling the world I was a head case.\"",
"\n\nBecton, suspecting that his friend was being set up, arranged for a second opinion. ",
"On October 9, 1976, Barnes arrived at Detroit's Metro Airport to catch a flight to Ann Arbor, where he was scheduled to be examined by an orthopedic specialist at the University of Michigan Hospital. ",
"At the ticket counter, he attempted to check a gym bag that contained an unloaded .38 Special, but was told it was too late to load any baggage onto the plane. ",
"Rather than store the gun in an airport locker, the Pistons forward proceeded directly to the boarding gate. ",
"At the security checkpoint, he placed the carryall on a conveyer belt for inspection. ",
"As soon as it went through the X-ray machine, horns and sirens blared from all directions. ",
"Five officers, weapons drawn, surrounded Barnes, who was promptly handcuffed and led away. ",
"Later that day, he was bailed out by Carr and released on his own recognizance. ",
"Because the firearm was empty, only a misdemeanor charge was filed.",
"\n\nBack in Providence, an alert police detective read about the arrest and ascertained there were still two weeks remaining on Barnes's three-year probation term that he had received in 1973 for the Ketvirtis assault. ",
"And so, a warrant was issued for him to appear in Rhode Island Superior Court for violating the terms of his parole. ",
"He was subsequently sentenced to one year in state prison by Judge Anthony Giannini, who ruled that Pistons forward could finish the basketball season before reporting to the Adult Correctional Institution in Cranston.",
"\n\nDays after having resumed practicing, Barnes complained to Head Coach Herb Brown that he was still in excruciating pain. ",
"Although few in the front office believed the claim, Brown told Feldman that it was obvious the power forward's injury had not fully healed.",
"\n\nWhen the throbbing ache in Barnes's leg intensified, a new set of X-rays was taken, which revealed he had suffered a broken fibula. ",
"Although the team physician was forced to admit there was a fracture, he told the media that the injury \"is the kind that some guys have played with. ",
"It's a hairline break, that's all.\" ",
"The reserve power forward was placed on injured reserve and sat out the first 17 games of the season.",
"\n\n\"That doctor did a great job of covering his own ass,\" Barnes said years later. \"",
"Here I had been practicing on a broken leg and this quack made it sound like it was no big deal.\"",
"\n\nOnce reactivated, Barnes, still determined to renegotiate his contract, decided to pad his stats by shooting the ball almost every time he touched it. ",
"The media, along with some teammates, questioned his often times absurd shot selection. \"",
"Got to get my 20 [points] a night,\" Marvin said. \"",
"The fans be demanding it.\"",
"\n\nThe 1976–77 Pistons drew an average crowd of only 5,448, which ranked 20th out of the NBA's 22 teams. ",
"The club's most loyal supporters, according to Barnes, were hookers, pimps, dope dealers, and drunks. \"",
"They all loved me because their lifestyle mirrored mine. ",
"I'd always make sure my East Side gangster friends had prime seats right behind our bench. ",
"After the games, win or lose, I'd walk out to my car and throw a party right in the parking lot. ",
"Everybody was welcome. ",
"We had booze, reefer, and plenty of the high-test stuff. ",
"Guys from the Tigers, Red Wings, and Lions were always stopping by. [",
"Four Tops lead singer] Levi Stubbs, a poker buddy of mine, Marvin Gaye, and [Temptations lead vocalist] David Ruffin showed up once in a while when they weren't on tour. ",
"All the tailgating made me a ghetto legend.\"",
"\n\nOf course, rumors were always swirling concerning Barnes's penchant for drugs. \"",
"I'd be lying if I said I didn't hear any stories,\" Herb Brown admits. \"",
"There was one time in Los Angeles when the management at our hotel alerted the DEA that Marvin and a couple other players were smoking pot and using cocaine. ",
"A bellman supposedly tipped off the guys before the agents could organize a raid. ",
"There was other gossip going around about Marvin, but I ignored it all because I thought the world of the guy. ",
"His teammates felt the same about him. ",
"As far as I was concerned, he was an awesome person who genuinely cared about people, especially children. ",
"He'd sneak a group of inner city kids into nearly every game. ",
"Afterwards, he gave every one of them enough money to buy a new pair of sneakers or a basketball and treated them to ice cream. ",
"I called him the Pied Piper because a bunch of underprivileged kids were always following him around. ",
"I'll never say a bad word about him, and my brother Larry feels exactly the same way as I do.\"",
"\n\nBarnes sustained his second major injury of the season in late March when Houston forward Dwight Jones hacked him on the right hand, fracturing the fourth metacarpal as he attempted a layup. \"",
"I wasn't hit that hard,\" he would say years later, \"but all my coke snorting had turned my bones into twigs.\"",
"\n\nThe Pistons finished the regular season at a respectable 44–38, earning home court advantage against the Golden State Warriors in the preliminary round of the playoffs. ",
"Ruled out for the postseason due to his broken finger, Barnes wanted to begin serving his prison sentence immediately. ",
"Therefore, he announced to the press that he would not be with the team during the playoffs because \"there's nothing in my contract which obligates me to show up.\"",
"\n\nIn response, management issued a terse press release that termed the pronouncement \"absurd and selfish.\" ",
"Feldman met with the disgruntled forward, who had averaged a disappointing 9.6 points during his first NBA season, and threatened to fine him $25,000 and suspend him indefinitely if he were to walk out on the team. ",
"Grudgingly, Barnes cancelled his travel plans and, dressed in what he called his \"Super Fly\" outfits, sat stone-faced at the end of the bench as Detroit fell to Golden State, 2–1, in the best-of-three series.",
"\n\nBecause Rhode Island authorities had ruled that Barnes did not have to report to prison until ten days after the Pistons' final game, he, along with Debbe, hopped a plane to Las Vegas for a pre-incarceration fling hours after Detroit had been eliminated. \"",
"We had one hell of a time,\" said Barnes. \"",
"I even won $10,000 playing blackjack. ",
"I used most of my profits to celebrate a little, if you get my drift.\"",
"\n\nFrom Sin City, the couple caught a flight to Providence, where they were picked up by a limousine and driven to a hotel where Becton and Hindelang, who had flown in from St. Louis by private jet, were waiting to give their pal a proper sendoff before he headed off to prison.",
"\n\nTwo minutes before the midnight deadline to turn himself in, Bad News, mugging for TV cameras, strolled into the Adult Correctional Institution.",
"\n\nACI was one of the roughest penitentiaries in the country. ",
"Rapes, stabbings, and savage brawls were everyday occurrences, with murderers, street thugs, mafia bosses, drug dealers, and sex offenders all sharing the same cellblocks.",
"\n\nIn many ways, though, being incarcerated at that particular prison was like a homecoming for Barnes, who was a friend of a number of convicts locked up there. ",
"In fact, he was assigned the cell next to his former bodyguard from St. Louis, Jimbo Edwards. ",
"Marvin had invited him to Providence during the summer of 1976 and, while in town, Edwards, along with a girlfriend, had been nabbed attempting to rob a bank. ",
"Another prisoner, Gerry Ouimette, who called the shots for the Providence mob from behind bars after having been convicted of conspiring to commit murder, was a longtime acquaintance. ",
"Also providing company for the basketball star at the dilapidated ninety-nine-year-old facility was his brother-in-law, Dougie Gomes, who was serving time for assault and battery.",
"\n\nBarnes had previously visited ACI following his rookie season with the Spirits. ",
"At that time, the young pro who seemed destined for greatness was treated like royalty as he toured the complex and played one-on-one against some of the inmates. ",
"Before leaving, he deposited $50 into each prisoner's commissary spending account. \"",
"So when I got sent up there, I was cool with the brothers, the whites, and the Hispanics. ",
"I ran things in that place. ",
"We had a black activist club, the African American Society, which I set up with the warden's permission. ",
"Naturally, I was top dog. ",
"The organization was given its own private phone, and I got to pick a personal assistant to answer any calls that came in for me.\"",
"\n\nHe also smooth talked the warden into allowing each inmate to receive one visit per week in the prison library from civic-minded individuals in the Providence metropolitan area. ",
"It just so happened that the upstanding \"community leaders\" who showed up were always the girlfriends or wives of the prisoners. ",
"Soon the library's reference room became ACI's not-so-secret love nest.",
"\n\nTwo months prior to his October parole date, Barnes was transferred from the maximum to medium security building, which inmates referred to as the \"Cranston Country Club.\"",
"\n\nIn the less restrictive environment, inmates lived in \"cells\" that were actually comfortable, decent-sized rooms (for prison standards, that is). ",
"For Barnes, it was almost like being back in a Providence dorm. ",
"He had an 18-inch color TV, a mahogany bureau, a nine-foot long bed, and plenty of privacy. ",
"A friend, Stevie Robinson, who was serving a six-year sentence, had such luxuries as a reclining leather chair and a house phone with an outside line, which he regularly used to order late-night deliveries from a nearby sandwich shop.",
"\n\nOnce Barnes settled in, he paid two guards $300 apiece each week to look the other way while his girlfriends, all smuggling in drugs, showed up one by one at the visitors' room to chat and bring him their discreetly wrapped care packages. ",
"The bribe money was courtesy of Patch, who was still sending Bad News his standard cut of the marijuana trafficking operation's profits.",
"\n\n\"This is fact,\" Barnes said, \"I was selling the best cocaine and weed in all of New England right out of my cell.\"",
"\n\nWhen the celebrity felon wasn't peddling coke inside prison walls, he was snorting it, line after line—right in front of the grateful jailers who were receiving their generous under-the-table weekly stipends. \"",
"There were so many different kinds of drugs being passed around that I was always experimenting with something new and different.\"",
"\n\nIf ever there were a perfect case of inmates running the asylum, ACI would have been it. ",
"But could all of Marvin's stories about \"the good life\" behind bars possibly be true? ",
"Absolutely, says former State Police Superintendent Brenden Doherty: \"Back in the seventies, ACI was one of the most corrupt prisons in the country. ",
"When state investigators finally looked into all the crooked dealings taking place there, they cleaned house, top to bottom. ",
"As for the guards who were on the take, they were not only fired, but several were arrested and eventually found guilty of accepting bribes.\"",
"\n\nWhile Barnes was serving his time, Providence College helped him get closer to earning his bachelor's degree. ",
"Twice a week, the school sent Father Robert Morris and Professor Matthew Smith to teach private, one-hour classes in English literature and history. ",
"After receiving 'B' grades in both courses, Barnes attributed his academic success at ACI to one factor: \"I couldn't cut classes,\" he told Providence Journal columnist Bill Reynolds, \"because there was no place for me to go.\"",
"\n\nOn Bad News's final night in prison, his fellow inmates presented him with a special parting gift—five grams of saran-wrapped high-quality cocaine, which he stuffed into one of his back pants pockets.",
"\n\nWaiting outside the steel doors of ACI when Barnes emerged at midnight was a chauffeured Rolls Royce owned by a well-known Rhode Island attorney, Raul Lovett, who had represented him in several civil court matters. ",
"Also on hand were Lanier, Brown, and Feldman, who had become the Detroit Pistons' team counsel and a minority owner of the club. ",
"Barnes was driven home to spend a few hours with Lula and then taken to T. F. Green International Airport in Warwick, Rhode Island. ",
"From there, the Detroit contingent caught an 8:30 a.m. flight to Buffalo, where the team was scheduled to play an exhibition game against the Braves at 1 p.m.\n\nAt a Memorial Auditorium press conference, the sleep-deprived parolee appeared uncharacteristically fidgety as he fielded questions about his playing shape, attitude, and prison experiences. \"",
"I was sweating bullets, not because the reporters were grilling me or anything like that, but because I still had the five grams of coke in my pocket. ",
"I was scared to death it would slip out and fall on the floor while I was talking to the media.\"",
"\n\nOnce the interview ended, Barnes scurried into the locker room, discreetly stashed his \"valuables,\" and changed into his uniform. ",
"It was back to business as usual for the \"rehabilitated\" ex-con.",
"\n\nFor the first three weeks of the 1977–78 season, the rogue forward stayed at the home of Herb Brown, who had always been in his corner. ",
"With the coach's encouragement, Barnes produced respectable stats, averaging 11.5 points and 7.8 rebounds during the month of November. ",
"But when rumors started to swirl that the Pistons were about to fire Brown, Bad News rebelled.",
"\n\nHoping to force a trade, the disenchanted veteran again asked Feldman for a raise. \"",
"You're shooting about 43 percent, and you honestly think I should reward you for that?\" ",
"the Pistons GM said. \"",
"Come on, you have to do a lot better before I could even think of restructuring your contract. ",
"Right now you're making $300,000 a year. ",
"And to be perfectly honest, that's more than you deserve.\"",
"\n\n\"If that's what you think, then get me the fuck out of here,\" Barnes replied.",
"\n\nThere were credible rumors going around the league that the Knicks were in the market for a power forward who was a force on the boards. ",
"New York's All-Star center Bob McAdoo was averaging 14 rebounds a game, but their next-leading inside player, Lonnie Shelton, was averaging only six and a half. ",
"Barnes figured he'd be taking up residence in the Big Apple within a matter of days. ",
"The trade to the Knicks, however, never materialized. ",
"Instead, on November 23, he was shipped off to the hapless Buffalo Braves.",
"\n\nThe surprising fact was that, in late 1977, there were still a few teams, Buffalo being one of them, that didn't have at least an educated guess that Bad News was an inveterate drug abuser masquerading as a professional athlete. ",
"In order to acquire him, along with a second- and a fourth-round draft pick, the Braves agreed to send their starting power forward, 6-foot-9 John Shumate, who was shooting 50 percent and averaging more than 15 points, former Spirit Gus Gerard, and a 1979 first-round draft choice to Detroit. ",
"Feldman, prodded by Barnes's highly publicized trade demand, had been able to pull off a swindle.",
"\n\n1 In January of 2014, the league announced that a settlement of $500 million had been reached to terminate the \"in perpetuity\" TV revenue payments to the Spirits owners. ",
"Under the terms of the revised agreement, the Silna partnership would now receive an undisclosed annual percentage of revenue from NBA-TV, foreign TV rights, and On-Demand League Pass from the four former ABA clubs that were assimilated into the NBA when the leagues merged in '76. ",
"The teams, however, do have the right to end the revenue royalty payments by negotiating a final buyout with the St. Louis group at a future date.",
"\nFifteen\n\n\"LOSING HIS MIND\" ON THE CELTICS BENCH\n\nFollowing his trade to the Braves, Barnes was in no rush to report to his new club. ",
"Upset that he wouldn't be wearing a Knicks uniform and performing for the rabid fans inside Madison Square Garden, \"The World's Most Famous Arena,\" he pouted for three days before arriving in Western New York.",
"\n\nIn fact, thirty-six hours after he had been informed of the deal, Barnes was still in Detroit, attending a 76ers–Pistons game. ",
"Attired in all-black—including his trademark satin cape—he saluted his fans by taking a farewell lap around Cobo Arena, waving to the crowd, signing autographs, and high-fiving his gangster buddies in the stands. \"",
"Everyone on my team was wondering what the heck was going on,\" said then-Philadelphia guard Doug Collins. \"",
"We all knew Marvin was supposed to be on his way to Buffalo, but there he was at our game, putting on quite the show.\"",
"\n\nWhen Barnes finally made his way to the ice-crusted eastern shores of Lake Erie, more than 15,000 spectators packed Memorial Auditorium for his much-awaited debut as a Brave. ",
"As the crowd filed in, ushers handed out posters of him, with a banner headline above his picture that proclaimed, \"Buffalo is Marvin's Gardens.\" ",
"His talent and fascinating personality had, for that one game, provided him with superstar status.",
"\n\nDuring the 1976–77 season, new Braves owner John Y. Brown had sold off the contracts of his two top big men, Moses Malone and McAdoo, in order to raise enough capital to complete his purchase of the team. ",
"In the process, he had turned a very promising club into a laughingstock. ",
"Now, a year later, he was banking on the hope that Barnes could become Buffalo's primary inside scoring threat. ",
"That expectation proved to be a pipedream as the Braves' new starting power forward could do no better than average 11.8 points on 42 percent shooting.",
"\n\nStill, management had relatively few blowups with the flighty veteran, who seemed to have decent working relationships with everyone, from the owner to the coach, Lowell \"Cotton\" Fitzsimmons, to his teammates. \"",
"I kept the rule bending to a minimum,\" Barnes said. \"",
"I might have called in sick for two or three practices and showed up late for a few others, but nothing major.\"",
"\n\nFitzsimmons, who would go on to be named NBA Coach of the Year in 1979 and '89, had a laidback style and communicated with his new starter through humor. ",
"On the road, the Hannibal, Missouri, native, who spoke with a twang, sometimes personally delivered Barnes's wake-up calls. \"",
"Time to rise and shine,\" he would shout into the phone. \"",
"Get excited, son. ",
"I want to see you go out and kick some butt today.\" ",
"He once even pretended to allow Bad News to call his own shots as far as playing time was concerned. \"",
"How many minutes you want tonight?\" ",
"Fitzsimmons asked just before tipoff of a game against the Cleveland Cavs. \"",
"Do you want 20, 30, or 40, or should I just give you 10 because you were out partying last night? ",
"I'll just follow your orders.\"",
"\n\n\"OK,\" Barnes replied, \"I'll take all 48 'cause I'm going to score 60 and make you look like a genius.\"",
"\n\nThe coach's upbeat approach made basketball enjoyable again for Bad News, whose off-court activities still very much revolved around dope and the nightclub scene.",
"\n\nOne night at a local dive, the basketball star was introduced to a twenty-eight-year-old recording artist named Rick James, who had been raised in Buffalo and was seeking his big break in the music industry. ",
"At closing time, the entertainer invited Barnes to his grandmother's house, where the two shared some cocaine. ",
"As James talked about his goal to make a name for himself, he pulled out a cassette tape of one of his songs. \"",
"Want to hear it?\" ",
"he asked. \"",
"It's called 'You and I.'\"\n\nAs soon as the tape ended, Barnes said \"Man, you're going to have a huge hit on your hands, guaranteed.\" ",
"Nine months later, \"You and I\" was released by Gordy Records, a Motown sub-label, and zoomed to number one on the Billboard rhythm and blues charts. ",
"The song made James a star and earned him the nickname \"The Funk Punk.\"",
"\n\nIt was the only time Barnes would see James, who, like himself, had been an addict his entire adult life. ",
"When the musician, who followed his first hit with the gold single \"Super Freak,\" died of lung failure in 2004 at the age of fifty-six, nine different drugs—including Xanax, Valium, cocaine, heroin, marijuana, and ecstasy—were detected in his system. \"",
"All I could think about when I read about the autopsy results,\" Barnes said later in life, \"was that God or luck must have been on my side because during any one of my binges, I could have gone out the exact same way Rick did.\"",
"\n\nAfter one of the Braves' many losses, John Y. Brown, who had made his fortune by building Kentucky Fried Chicken into a fast-food empire, confided to Barnes that he was working on a deal that would make NBA history. \"",
"All I can tell you right now,\" said the team owner, who would become the governor of Kentucky in 1979, \"is that if it happens, you'll be a big part of it.\"",
"\n\nThe secret details of the blockbuster transaction weren't unveiled until two months after Buffalo's 27–52 season had come to a merciful end. ",
"That's when the league announced that Brown had completed a franchise swap in which he traded the Braves, who would become the San Diego Clippers, for ownership of the Boston Celtics. ",
"As part of the complicated agreement, three of his Buffalo players—guards Nate \"Tiny\" Archibald and Billy Knight, along with Barnes—were sent to Boston for forwards Kermit Washington and Sidney Wicks, center Kevin Kunnert, and the rights to backcourt gunner Freeman Williams, who had been selected as the eighth overall pick of the 1978 draft by the Celtics.",
"\n\nAfter the unprecedented exchange of teams had been approved by the league, Brown summoned Barnes, who would be accompanied by Debbe, to Las Vegas for a private meeting.",
"\n\n\"Got a proposition for you,\" the proud new owner of pro sports' most successful franchise told Barnes as soon as they sat down for dinner at the Sands Hotel. \"",
"It's something that's never been done. ",
"First of all, I'm prepared to pay you 70 percent of your deferred payments from the Braves and Celtics right now. ",
"It's money that I don't have to start giving you for six more years. ",
"That alone should show I have faith in you.",
"\n\n\"Here's the second part of my offer: I want to remove all the guarantees, except the injury clause, from your contract. ",
"That means if you start screwing up, I can cut you. ",
"I have to know you're going to give me your all. ",
"I'm asking you to take a risk and prove to me you're still a great player. ",
"If you accept my terms, I'll add an incentive clause to the contract. ",
"Get me 10 rebounds a night, and you'll make an extra $40,000. ",
"Get me 12, and I'll throw in another $60,000.\"",
"\n\nBad News wasn't quite sold on the proposal, so Brown sweetened the pot.",
"\n\n\"Tell you what, I'll give you a $100,000 signing bonus if you agree to random drug testing,\" said John Y. \"There've been rumors floating around about you using cocaine. ",
"I want to make sure you're not involved with that stuff. ",
"If you refuse to be tested, then the bonus gets cut in half.\"",
"\n\nLooking Brown in the eyes and without any indecision, Barnes replied, \"Fifty grand sounds like a good number to me. ",
"You got yourself a deal.\" ",
"The contract provisions were hastily handwritten on a cocktail napkin and a casino promotional brochure, signed by both parties, witnessed by the hotel's general manager, Xeroxed, and faxed to the Celtics office, where team counsel Jan Volk struggled to decipher the scrawled agreement.",
"\n\nEn route to the East Coast, Marvin and Debbe flew to Austin, Texas, for a visit with his \"business associate,\" Hindelang, who was part-owner of the Tree House Grill, a trendy local restaurant. ",
"During their stay, the couple was married at a City Hall ceremony.",
"\n\nWhile the newlyweds honeymooned, John Y. arranged for them to rent a two-bedroom suite at Longfellow Place, overlooking the dirty water of the Charles River and just up the block from the historic rat's nest known as the Boston Garden. ",
"Living next to the Barnes family would be the Celtics owner and his wife, Phyllis George, who had been crowned Miss America in 1971.",
"\n\nBoston's coach for the 1978–79 season was Tom \"Satch\" Sanders, an even-tempered former Celtics forward who had been known for his defensive prowess. ",
"He had the reputation of treating players with respect, calling each one of them \"Mister,\" and never resorting to screaming or cursing as motivational tools. ",
"Barnes, who began the season as the team's sixth man, initially got along well with his coach because he was putting up impressive numbers, having accumulated 25 points, 13 rebounds, five steals, and three blocks in the first two games of the season. ",
"Hometown fans were cheering so loudly for him that rookie forward Cedric Maxwell told the media, \"If Marvin keeps playing like this, he'll own this city.\"",
"\n\nFeeling like a big shot, Bad News decided to bring along six of his old friends from ACI when the team flew down to New York for a Wednesday night game against the Knicks. ",
"He booked reservations for his \"Dirty Half-Dozen\" on the team's flights and gave all his guests enough money to buy ties and sports jackets so they would blend in with how the Celtics players were dressed. ",
"Years later, Boston teammate Don Chaney would jokingly state that Barnes, who recorded eight points, 10 rebounds, three steals, and three blocks in 26 minutes that night, deserved credit for being the first NBA player to have an entourage.",
"\n\nBut the magnetism of drugs quickly sucked in the Celtics' newest folk hero. \"",
"I became so hooked that while I was sitting at the end of the bench during a game at the Garden, I put a towel over my head, reached into the pocket of my warm-ups, pulled out a vial filled with coke, and snorted up. ",
"A second later, I looked down and saw blood dripping out of my nose.\"",
"\n\nWhen Chaney, who was sitting next to the distracted forward, noticed what was happening, he scooted to an empty seat near the Boston coaching staff. \"",
"I looked over at Marvin and did a double-take,\" he remembers. \"",
"I thought he had lost his mind.\"",
"\n\nStill, the veteran guard didn't say a word to anyone about what he had witnessed. \"",
"Remember, I was a teammate of Marvin in St. Louis. ",
"He was a wild man back then, so nothing he ever did came as a complete shock to me.\"",
"\n\nBarnes's relationship with Sanders deteriorated during a four-game road trip in late October, after the reserve power forward had received a panic-stricken call from his mother, who complained that she was experiencing health problems. ",
"She also informed him that his sister had been arrested for robbery and was facing a possible ten-year sentence due to her extensive criminal history, which included felony convictions for drug conspiracy, receiving stolen goods, and cashing bad checks. ",
"When Marvin phoned Alfreda, who was free on bail, he could hear fear in her voice as she begged him to come to Providence. \"",
"You've got to help me find a good lawyer,\" she pleaded. \"",
"If I go back into the system, I won't be coming out alive. ",
"I've got too many enemies on the inside. ",
"I need you here, please.\"",
"\n\nWhen Marvin sought permission to go home, Sanders denied the request. \"",
"You're telling me your mother has a heart ailment,\" the coach said. \"",
"You're not a doctor, are you? ",
"And you're telling me your sister has major legal issues. ",
"You don't have a law degree, do you? ",
"There's nothing you can do for either of them by going to Providence. ",
"You can help them by making a few simple phone calls. ",
"You can get in touch with a good cardiologist and make an appointment for your mother. ",
"You can wire money to your sister for an attorney. ",
"I'm sure you must know a good one who will take her case. ",
"I'm telling you straight out, Mr. Barnes, if you go home, you're through as a Celtic.\" ",
"After much soul searching, Bad News reluctantly remained with the team.",
"\n\nTwo weeks later, Sanders found himself in a no-win situation during a Celtics–Pistons contest at the Garden. ",
"He had just been ordered by John Y. Brown to play Barnes and teammate Billy Knight a minimum of 40 minutes a game.",
"\n\n\"Marvin did some fabulous things on the court for the first five minutes that night. ",
"Then he became exhausted and began to jog instead of run,\" Sanders recalls. \"",
"After another two minutes, he started walking up and down the court, waving his arms back and forth as a signal for me to bring in a sub. ",
"I had no choice but to take him out. ",
"Knight was also gassed, so I gave him a rest, too.",
"\n\n\"I looked across the court to where the owner was sitting and saw that his face had turned beet red. ",
"Then I watched him storm down an exit ramp. ",
"I told my assistant, KC Jones, that I thought we were in deep trouble. ",
"KC looked at me and, with a straight face, replied, 'What, um, you mean we, kimosabe?' ",
"I could tell from John Y.'s temper tantrum that I was about to become the 'ex-coach' of the Boston Celtics. ",
"Sure enough, the next day I got the proverbial axe.\"",
"\n\nBrown, who was so egotistical that he truly believed he knew more about running a team than legendary Celtics General Manager Red Auerbach, replaced Sanders, whose record for the season had been 2–12, with thirty-year-old All-Star center Dave Cowens, who became player-coach. ",
"The move received Barnes's unconditional support. \"",
"Both Dave and I were madmen when it came to competing.\" ",
"he later said. \"",
"We both hustled, we both liked to run the court, and we both played a physical game. ",
"I thought we'd click.\"",
"\n\nDespite all the good vibes Barnes felt about team chemistry, he continued to use drugs on a daily basis, purchasing cocaine from a dealer named Al, who worked out of a rundown saloon in a raunchy downtown area of the city known as \"the Combat Zone.\"",
"\n\n\"I was hanging around him so much, Marvin said, \"that my wife started accusing me of turning homosexual.\"",
"\n\nTroubled by Barnes's increasingly odd behavior, John Y. decided to confront him. ",
"In a face-off straight out of The Godfather, the two met in a darkened booth in the back of Polcari's, a fashionable Italian restaurant in Boston's North End. ",
"The team owner began the conversation by assuring the headstrong power forward that he was still a believer. \"",
"But don't screw with me,\" Brown said. \"",
"If you're using cocaine, I'm telling you to flush it all down the toilet. ",
"We talked about this before. ",
"I never should have offered you a bonus unless you were willing to be drug tested. ",
"That was a big mistake on my part, but keep in mind that I can cut you today if I want because you gave up all your [contractual] guarantees.\"",
"\n\nThe explicit threat had no effect on Barnes, who continued to lead the life of a conniving dope fiend no matter the risks or consequences. ",
"In fact, he was in such a dazed state that even Al the coke dealer took it upon himself to offer some unsolicited advice. \"",
"You've got to cut way back on the blow. ",
"You look like garbage, and you're playing like garbage,\" he told his best customer, who was half-listening while snorting a line of cocaine that had been provided free of charge. \"",
"If you don't get your act together, that Brown character is going to dump your ass. ",
"You can bank on it.\"",
"\n\nA few days later, Debbe gave her husband an ultimatum. \"",
"It's either me or the damn drugs,\" she said. \"",
"Make up your mind.\"",
"\n\nWith no hesitation, Marvin callously replied, \"OK, it's the drugs.\"",
"\n\nAn hour later, Debbe and three-year-old Tiffani were packed and on their way back to Providence.",
"\n\nHaving spent more than $600 a week for his drug buys, Barnes was down to his last $50. \"",
"I was so short on cash that I signed a $5,000 endorsement deal to wear Pony basketball shoes even though I didn't like how they fit me. ",
"But for that much money, I would have worn flip-flops on the court.\"",
"\n\nThroughout December, Barnes produced surprisingly exceptional stats, scoring in double-digits nine times, including 20 points in a home victory versus the Clippers on December 6, 22 points (along with 10 rebounds and three steals) in a 121–105 win against the Pacers at Boston Garden two weeks later, and a season-high 29 points (plus eight rebounds and two steals) on December 27, in a 112–103 triumph over the Kansas City Kings at the Checkerdome in St. Louis before a crowd of 14,442. \"",
"That game was my homecoming,\" Barnes said years later. \"",
"When I stepped onto the court, my old Spirits fans gave me a two minute-long ovation, and then I put on an exhibition that amazed even me.\"",
"\n\nDespite having demonstrated his prodigious talent, Barnes once again sabotaged himself. ",
"A week after the Celtics had returned from St. Louis, he failed to show up for two practices, which resulted in a one-game suspension.",
"\n\nWith Boston's chances of making the playoffs diminishing rapidly, it became clear that the team was going to release either the irrepressible Barnes or 6-foot-6½ Earl Williams—who had been on injured reserve for a month after complaining of excruciating lower back pain—in order to reduce payroll costs. ",
"Two days before Cowens planned to make his decision on which player to cut, he held a morning shootaround at the Boston Garden.",
"\n\n\"As I got out of my car, I spotted Williams walking ahead of me in the parking lot. ",
"Earl was walking perfectly normal—until he entered the building,\" Cowens said. \"",
"Then he started limping badly and taking baby steps. ",
"After practice, I met with Auerbach and told him what I had witnessed. ",
"Red gave me the go-ahead to cut the guy. ",
"Before our game that night, I confronted Williams in front of most of the players and told him he was released.",
"\n\n\"I think what happened,\" says Volk, the Celtics team counsel, \"is that someone must have told Earl that the team could not cut an injured player. ",
"He mistakenly thought a back problem would force us to keep him. ",
"What he failed to understand was that an injury didn't mean we couldn't cut him because of what is referred to in the collective bargaining agreement as a 'lack of skills.'\"",
"\n\nThanks to Williams's pathetic attempt to deceive his coach and teammates, Barnes remained a Celtic. ",
"Still experiencing cash flow problems, he asked Cowens if he could be excused from practice the following day in order to resolve a major financial issue. \"",
"Don't even think about it,\" the fuming coach said. \"",
"Don't you realize how lucky you are to still be on this team?\"",
"\n\nThe willful backup forward skipped the workout anyway and caught a flight to St. Louis for an emergency meeting with Becton. \"",
"I needed to get my hands on $5,000,\" Barnes said. \"",
"That's what I thought I'd need to buy enough coke to last me for the rest of the season. ",
"As usual, Patch came through for me.\"",
"\n\nInstead of being released upon his return to Boston, Barnes was slapped with another suspension, this time for two games. \"",
"I didn't care. ",
"I had my money and I had my drugs. ",
"Nothing else mattered to me.\"",
"\n\nThough Bad News had ducked a pair of bullets, he would not be able to dodge a third.",
"\n\nDuring the final week of January 1979, Barnes, claiming he was suffering from a debilitating mystery illness whose on-again, off-again symptoms included fevers, headaches, dizziness, and nausea, missed three consecutive games and two more practices. ",
"Thomas Silva, the team physician, strongly urged him to get a complete checkup at Massachusetts General Hospital. ",
"The \"bedridden\" forward, however, claimed he was \"feeling too weak\" to undergo testing.",
"\n\nAn indignant Cowens met with John Y. Brown and told him, \"There's nothing wrong with poor Marvin. ",
"What he's doing is quitting on his teammates. ",
"You can force me keep him on the roster, but he'll never play another minute for me.\"",
"\n\nOn February 7, 1979, Barnes was ordered to clean out his locker. \"",
"You're through here,\" Cowens said. \"",
"I'm done with you.\"",
"\n\nThe farewell speech produced no reaction whatsoever.",
"\n\n\"I'd been dope sick for two weeks straight,\" Barnes said years later. \"",
"There was no way I could play or practice, so I kept dreaming up phony illnesses. ",
"I never blamed the Celtics for getting rid of me. ",
"If I had been the coach, I'd have gotten rid of me, too.\"",
"\n\nThanks to Becton's generosity, the out-of-work athlete had a sufficient bankroll to last him a minimum of five weeks. ",
"At least that's how Bad News calculated his budget for the necessities of life—cocaine, heroin, weed, and whatever other drug he might be able to acquire.",
"\n\nCowens had no misgivings about his decision. \"",
"After I cut Marvin, he didn't say a word because he knew how badly he had screwed up. ",
"Deep down, he was really a good guy. ",
"He just wasn't dependable. ",
"I couldn't prove that he was using drugs, but I had a real strong hunch because he was always acting so nutty—like the time he was sitting in the stands for the entire pregame warm-ups, holding a baby, posing for pictures, and signing autographs. ",
"It was as if he was totally oblivious we were about to play an NBA game. ",
"I had to personally go up to him and remind him that he had a job to do.",
"\n\n\"The sad thing is that the guy had a boatload of talent. ",
"He was both powerful and smooth, half Connie Hawkins and half Alex English. ",
"When he got himself geared up to play, he could do it all and make it look easy. ",
"But you never knew what you were going to get from him. ",
"He could give you a double-double, or he could stink up the place. ",
"As a first-year coach, I needed players I could at least count on to give me a full effort every single game.\"",
"\n\nBarnes's time with the Celtics totaled only 38 games. ",
"His averages: 8.1 points and 4.7 rebounds.",
"\n\nOnce his hopped-up brain began to unscramble, Bad News was able to comprehend the negative consequences of being released by Boston. ",
"It suddenly dawned on him that the remaining two-plus years of his long-term contract were now null and void due to the terms of the \"napkin contract\" he had signed with Brown in Vegas the previous summer. \"",
"When I got cut, I was flat out loopy. ",
"For the sake of getting high whenever I felt like it, I threw away somewhere around four hundred grand.\"",
"\n\nBesides being unemployed, Barnes faced another major problem, one unrelated to basketball. ",
"A day after the Celtics had officially released him, agents from the DEA and the FBI knocked on his apartment door, seeking to question him about his knowledge of a drug trafficking ring that ran its business out of Florida and Missouri. ",
"Grudgingly consenting to be interviewed, the squirming athlete was grilled for more than two hours concerning his relationship with Becton and Hindelang.",
"\n\n\"I played dumb. ",
"I told them I knew nothing about no drug operation. ",
"That's when this one guy who looked like Clark Kent, with the horned-rimmed glasses, the bulging chest and the buttoned-up sports coat, opened a two-foot-high cardboard box and dumped everything in it onto my dining room table.\"",
"\n\n\"Take a good look at all this evidence. ",
"You're waist deep in shit,\" the FBI agent said while shoving documents, audio tapes, and photographs in front of Barnes. \"",
"The worst thing you could do is try to jerk us around.\"",
"\n\nThen the DEA investigator chimed in. \"",
"We know you're lying because we've got statements from eyewitnesses that put you in a St. Louis restaurant discussing business with Becton and Hindelang. ",
"We also have film of you with a half-dozen other known drug traffickers. ",
"And we can prove you're full of it because we wiretapped phone conversations between you and your man, Patch. ",
"The next time we come after you, it will be in a court of law. ",
"If you get on the witness stand and swear you don't have any knowledge about Becton's operation, you'll do five years, minimum, in a federal penitentiary. ",
"That's our guarantee to you.\"",
"\n\nBarnes, however, was offered a way out. \"",
"We believe you have information which could be useful to our investigation,\" he was told. \"",
"You come clean, work with us, and you can walk away scot free, without anyone ever knowing you talked to us.\"",
"\n\nThere was, however, no way Barnes was about to become a stoolie by ratting out his friends. ",
"Moments after the G-men had left, he walked to a pay phone two blocks away on Causeway Street and called Becton to inform him of the agents' visit. ",
"The next day Becton flew to Boston and met with Barnes at a tavern on Friend Street. \"",
"The feds are bluffing. ",
"Don't worry about them,\" the mob boss said. \"",
"They just wanted to see how much you knew about my organization. ",
"If they come after you again, stick with what you've told them: You don't know me well, and you don't know a thing about my business. ",
"Understand?\"",
"\n\nAbout the only thing Barnes understood was that he was being squeezed. \"",
"Those guys, they've got all kinds of proof that I'm real tight with you and Hindelang. ",
"Tell me why I should keep on lying and end up in prison.\"",
"\n\n\"Because you owe me, that's why,\" Becton replied. \"",
"How many times have I bailed you out of jams you got into all by yourself? ",
"Just play things smart, for Christ's sake, and stop panicking. ",
"If you ever do get charged with anything, which I swear won't happen, you're going to keep your mouth shut and do your fucking time.\"",
"\nSixteen\n\n\"STUCK ON STUPID\" FOR ALMOST A YEAR\n\nUnhinged by the pointed threats made to him by both Becton and the federal agents, Barnes retreated to his mother's house in March of 1979 and went on a hunt for drugs, quickly hooking up with local pushers from his past.",
"\n\nDuring his first month back in Providence, he was snorting cocaine two or three times a day, either at nightclubs or alone in cheap, dingy hotel rooms. ",
"As his tolerance level for the drug increased, the euphoria he experienced from getting high diminished. \"",
"I went from using two or three grams a day to five or six. ",
"After a while, coke just wasn't getting the job done no matter how much I did. ",
"I needed a more intense rush, so I started snorting heroin. ",
"Using that crap got me stuck on stupid for almost a year.",
"\n\n\"Once you get all messed up on smack the way I did, the only way to kick the habit is to go cold turkey. ",
"With heroin, there's no such thing as easing yourself off it. ",
"You either suffer through withdrawal or you keep on using. ",
"Every time I tried to quit, I'd puke my guts out and get muscle pains that were so bad that I'd be all curled up in a ball, screaming like a banshee. ",
"I was too damn weak-willed to live through a week of hell, so I always ended up going straight back to using the stuff.\"",
"\n\nFearful that the feds were going to show up at his mother's door at any moment and place him in handcuffs, Barnes soon moved on to Detroit, where he planned to hide out so deep in the ghetto that an entire government task force wouldn't be able to locate him. ",
"On his first day in town, he managed to find a safe haven on the East Side of the city, moving in with Inez \"Mama\" Baxter and her family. ",
"He had first met the middle-aged housewife while playing with the Pistons. ",
"She was a self-sacrificing, God-fearing woman whom many teammates had hired to babysit their children. ",
"While Marvin was staying with her, Mama cooked his meals, washed his clothes, and took him along with her family to Sunday church services.",
"\n\nAnd for a few fleeting weeks, life was uncomplicated.",
"\n\nBut a loud knock at the Baxters' door one Saturday morning changed all that. ",
"Standing on the front stoop were Johnny \"Little Man\" Curry and Leo \"Big Man\" Curry, twins whom Barnes knew from his playing days in Detroit. \"",
"The Curry Boys,\" as they were known by every veteran Detroit beat cop, asked if he would be interested in hanging out with them and their crew. ",
"Marvin knew better than to decline the invitation. ",
"The two violent drug honchos were branded as being vengeful assassins and, according to retired FBI agent Gregg Schwarz, that reputation was not undeserved.",
"\n\nThe brothers were the leaders of a highly structured organization that sold all the cocaine on the city's East Side. ",
"Although their enterprise, unlike Becton's, was not nationwide in scope, the Curry Boys were by far the most powerful and vindictive gangsters in the metropolitan area. \"",
"Give them a reason to suspect that one of their rivals was attempting to muscle in on their turf, and they'd make sure the competition was eliminated permanently,\" Schwarz says. \"",
"And they'd make sure everyone knew exactly who had given the orders.\"",
"\n\nBecause Becton and his top associates were under investigation, Barnes's money supply had dried up. ",
"No longer was he receiving monthly \"royalties\" from his boss. ",
"The beleaguered St. Louis drug trafficker, in fact, had shut down his once-untouchable operation until he could be satisfied the feds were not going to file charges against him. ",
"The only way Bad News could obtain ready access to drugs was to become the Curry Boys' sidekick. ",
"Each day he rode shotgun in Little Man's metallic red Excalibur as the drug distributor supervised his crew of eager-to-please \"nose candy\" salesmen. ",
"As the pair drove from one location to the next, they were followed by two, sometimes three carloads of armed bodyguards and barrel-chested debt collectors. ",
"The Currys were cautious and intelligent. ",
"Not once did Barnes witness them handle cash or \"merchandise\" as they talked in whispers with their minions.",
"\n\nLittle Man, who bore a striking resemblance to the rock star Prince, provided Barnes with a place to stay at his home, where the former Piston was given permission to help himself to a stash of cocaine that was kept in a compartment underneath the bottom shelf of a tool cabinet.",
"\n\nAfter two months, though, the convenient living arrangement came to an end. ",
"Tipped off by a high-ranking Detroit police officer who was on the Curry Boys' payroll that the gang was about to be taken down by the FBI and DEA, Little Man handed his houseguest $500 and told him it would be a smart move to skip town.",
"\n\nAlthough Barnes was never a person of interest in the FBI investigation, an ironclad case had been built against the Curry twins, two of their brothers, and sixteen other members of their organization. ",
"Even Little Man's wife, Cathy, the niece of then–Detroit Mayor Coleman Young, was suspected of having a role in the operation.",
"\n\nFrom the time the FBI began its probe in 1979, it took four years to wrap up the case. ",
"When a grand jury was impaneled, the US Attorney's office introduced evidence of thirty witness statements, surveillance films, and secretly recorded conversations among members of the gang. ",
"On one of the tapes, the Curry Boys were heard arguing about which one of them was the \"most treacherous mother fucker in all of Detroit.\"",
"\n\nFBI agent Schwarz testified at a bail hearing that the twins were aware their every move was being scrutinized by federal agents because they had been given inside information by a \"friend of the family,\" who worked as a supervisor at the Detroit police command center. ",
"The FBI investigator said Little Man, knowing that evidence was being gathered to bring down the organization, was caught on tape telling his sister to \"continue to do business, but be discreet.\"",
"\n\nOn the day the most publicized drug trial in Detroit history was scheduled to begin, Little Man asked Schwarz if a last-minute plea deal might be arranged. \"",
"The best I can do for you is to recommend twenty-year sentences and $250,000 fines for you and Leo,\" the dogged lawman said. \"",
"Of course, you can take your chances at trial, but we've got you cold. ",
"Trust me, you could end up doing forty years because we have all the proof needed to convict you, your twin, and everyone on your payroll.\"",
"\n\nOn the spot, the Curry twins accepted the offer. ",
"They ended up serving thirteen years and three months of their twenty-year sentences for tax evasion and operating a continuing criminal enterprise. ",
"As the pair was being led out of court, Schwarz and his partner, Herman Groman, who had been sitting directly behind the prosecutor, mockingly waved goodbye to them. ",
"Little Man smiled, raised his handcuffed hands, and wiggled his fingers at the two FBI agents.",
"\n\nThere were eighteen other members of the Curry Boys' drug ring who were co-defendants that day, all of whom were paraded before the judge. ",
"Each one accepted plea deals that resulted in substantial prison time.",
"\n\nAfter fleeing Detroit in July of 1979, Barnes drove to St. Louis to reunite with Becton. ",
"It was the first time he had seen the drug kingpin in more than a year, and he wasn't confident he still had his mentor's trust after having become rattled by the feds when they had confronted him in Boston. ",
"With a smile and a hug, Patch assured his one-time apprentice that he was still in his good graces.",
"\n\n\"You'll always be my compadre,\" he said. \"",
"Besides, I think I'm in the clear. ",
"If the FBI thought they had a case against me, something would have gone down by now. ",
"I know you're here for a reason, Marvin. ",
"How much you looking for? ",
"All I can spare right now is a couple grand. ",
"I'll send you more when I can. ",
"Until then, lay low.\"",
"\n\nOn the trip home to Providence, Barnes attempted to estimate how much cash Becton had given him through the years, not including the $1.5 million he had earned as a minor partner in the drug trafficking ring. ",
"By his calculations, the St. Louis gangster had forked over more than $400,000 to bail him out of his never-ending series of personal crises.",
"\n\n\"I've got to set the record straight,\" Barnes said. \"",
"Patch never encouraged me to use cocaine, heroin, or even weed. ",
"Because of my connections, I had easy access to every drug known to man. ",
"Getting hooked and staying hooked was all on me. ",
"I convinced myself that I could stop at any time, but I just kept telling myself there was no pressing reason to quit. ",
"That's how addicts justify their habits. ",
"We're all weak-minded.\"",
"\n\nIt was mid-September of 1979, and Barnes was certain he would never get another opportunity to play in the NBA.",
"\n\nHe was mistaken.",
"\n\nUnexpectedly, Gene Shue, who had become head coach of the San Diego Clippers, phoned to offer the now sickly-looking 175-pound power forward a tryout. ",
"Broke and fantasizing that through an act of God he could instantaneously shed his addictions, Barnes accepted the invitation. ",
"But after only four days of mini-camp, Shue had seen enough, cutting the broken down free agent, who had been thoroughly outplayed and outhustled by a bunch of raw, undrafted rookies.",
"\n\nSix hours after arriving back in Providence, the castoff started binging on heroin with an old friend from his ACI days, a junkie named Sam, who had injected so much black tar heroin into his veins that his arms looked as if they had been attacked by a swarm of wasps. \"",
"Just looking at him gave me the heebie-jeebies. ",
"Real nasty-looking sight,\" Bad News said. \"",
"He had thousands of scabby red puncture marks, from his arm pits right down to his fingertips. ",
"His mind was shot. ",
"I'd be talking to him and he'd wander off to the bathroom to get high. ",
"He'd come back bleeding from his arms, hands shaking, eyes as big as saucers. ",
"I thought for sure I was looking at a dead man walking.\"",
"\n\nNot that Barnes was much better off. ",
"Searching for that \"next score\" was his constant and lone objective, even though he knew his addiction was getting ready to swallow him whole. \"",
"My brain was turning to mush. ",
"I couldn't live with heroin, and I damn sure couldn't live without it.\"",
"\n\nTrapped in what he perceived to be a no-win situation, Barnes concluded that his very existence had become worthless.",
"\n\nOn a November night in 1979, he checked into a fleabag motel off Interstate 95 in North Providence, plopped onto a bed, pulled out two packets of heroin from his jacket pocket, and began to snort up. ",
"At his side was a silver-plated pistol that he stared at for an hour straight, trying to muster the guts to end the madness. ",
"Sometime around midnight, he phoned his ex-wife Debbe and confessed to her that he was a trigger squeeze away from killing himself. ",
"After hearing his chilling words, she pleaded with him to get help and, after much convincing, persuaded him to drive to her house.",
"\n\nFor the next week, she and her siblings, as well as their parents, took turns providing round-the-clock care and encouragement as Barnes struggled to break loose from heroin's stranglehold. ",
"The first thirty-six hours were relatively manageable as he still had a substantial amount of the drug in his system. ",
"By day three, however, his entire body had shut down. ",
"He shivered, broke out into cold sweats, drooled uncontrollably, and frequently retched as a reflex action to the burning stomach cramps that literally took his breath away. ",
"All the while, depression and anxiety were playing cruel tricks on his psyche.",
"\n\n\"It was supreme payback for all the times I'd snorted up. ",
"What I went through was worse than Chinese water torture. ",
"I was positive that I was going insane.\"",
"\n\nThe agonizing ordeal jolted Barnes back into sobriety—for the time being.",
"\n\nShortly after New Year's, Shue, desperate for frontcourt help, called again, offering a 10-day contract to the same underachiever he had cut four months earlier. \"",
"Don't ask me why I wanted Marvin so badly. ",
"I always liked him as a person, and I kept remembering what an awesome talent he had once been,\" said the two-time NBA Coach of the Year. \"",
"I thought if I could motivate him to be just a third of the player he was during his first two years as a pro, he might help us win some games—perhaps enough to get us into the playoffs.\"",
"\n\nDevoid of confidence, Barnes received permission to mull over the offer for a day and immediately flew St. Louis to consult with Becton. ",
"They met in an out-of-business furniture store where the drug wholesaler was negotiating a dope deal with an out-of-town customer. ",
"The three men then walked to the basement, which was filled with 5,000 pounds of marijuana. ",
"While the prospective buyer sampled the goods, the two old friends discussed the job opportunity with the Clippers.",
"\n\n\"I haven't touched a basketball in four months. ",
"If I go to San Diego now, I'll just end up being cut in a few days. ",
"No sense looking bad,\" said Barnes. \"",
"My best move would be to ask for a fresh start in training camp next season.\"",
"\n\nThe spineless excuse-making enraged Becton. \"",
"You're talking ragtime. ",
"Listen, you ain't no big star no more. ",
"This is your last chance. ",
"Personally, I think the coach is doing you a huge favor. ",
"He knows you're a total fuck-up, but he's still willing to give you a shot. ",
"It's not as if you're an old man. ",
"You're only twenty-seven. ",
"Call him up and tell him you'll be there tomorrow, ready to practice. ",
"Grow some balls, for Christ's sake.\"",
"\n\nWhen Barnes arrived in San Diego, he phoned Shue and asked if he could wait a week before signing. \"",
"Gene, I'm not in game shape,\" he said. \"",
"Give me a little time to get my wind back.\" ",
"Before hanging up, the NBA retread mentioned he was facing a slight cash flow problem. \"",
"Coach, I'm tapped out. ",
"Can you help me out a little?\" ",
"he pleaded.",
"\n\nShue assigned one of his assistants, Don Moran, to be the \"rusty\" forward's personal trainer on a full-time basis for two weeks. ",
"He also dispatched a front office intern to drop off a $1,000 salary advance to ease the player's financial bind. ",
"Although Barnes had been clean for almost a month and a half, he could barely keep up with his forty-six-year-old workout taskmaster as they went through their daily routine of calisthenics, shooting drills, wind sprints, and a three-mile run. ",
"But Moran was a combination master motivator and drill sergeant. ",
"By the time the intensive conditioning sessions had ended, the twenty-seven-year-old reclamation project at least looked like a basketball warrior, lean and strong, with a bounce in his step. ",
"The issue was: Could he still play the game with any degree of effectiveness?",
"\n\nBecause the deadline for teams to offer 10-day contracts had passed, Barnes was signed for the remainder of the season, with his minimum-salaried contract automatically being fully guaranteed.",
"\n\nDuring his first week with the team, he struck up a friendship with his former college rival and now San Diego teammate Bill Walton, who had led the Portland Trail Blazers to a NBA championship in 1977. ",
"Before long, the former number-one draft pick was inviting Barnes to his and his wife Susie's house almost every night for dinner. ",
"On the road, the two players spent hours swapping stories about their rather extreme off-the-court experiences.",
"\n\nThe Clippers had a number of other quirky characters on their 1979–80 roster, including Joe \"Jellybean\" Bryant, Kobe's father, and guard Lloyd B. Free, the team's leading scorer.",
"\n\nBryant was a 6-foot-9 forward who possessed the ballhandling abilities of a point guard. ",
"Prior to being traded to San Diego in '79, he had spent four seasons with the 76ers, having averaged 6.4 points a game as a bench fill-in for All-Stars Julius Erving and George McGinnis. ",
"Now, as member of the Clippers, he was determined to prove that his shake-and-bake moves had been underutilized in Philly. \"",
"Good guy but goofy, just like his nickname,\" Barnes said later. \"",
"Loved to show off for the fans. ",
"He'd get the ball and go into his one-on-one thing, dribbling between his legs and behind his back. ",
"As he was doing all of this, he'd be smiling at the crowd and talking trash to the guy who was guarding him.\"",
"\n\n\"Joe could be a handful at times,\" said Bryant's 76ers teammate Steve Mix. \"",
"He was a magician with the ball, but what held him back was that he didn't have a reliable outside jumper. ",
"But that never stopped him from bombing away whenever he got the chance.\"",
"\n\nFree was a fearless and clutch long-distance gunner whose game day routine included downing three or four Budweiser Kings a couple hours before tipoff. \"",
"Swear to God, the man played half smashed, sweating like a bull as he ran up and down the court. ",
"Didn't hurt his game none,\" Barnes said. \"",
"He'd score 25, 30 every game, chucking from out deep. ",
"And the guy had the funkiest shooting motion I've ever seen. ",
"To begin with, he'd release the ball way up by his right ear. ",
"Then he'd put a ridiculously high arc on every one of his shots. ",
"They just sort of floated through the air for a couple of seconds and dropped straight through the net.\"",
"\n\nUnlike Free, Barnes was feeling the pressure to produce. \"",
"Deep down, I knew I had been given a gift. ",
"I didn't deserve to be on that team. ",
"My reflexes were shot and I had no spring in my legs. ",
"Hate to admit it, but there were times when I was praying I wouldn't have to take off my warm-ups and go in. ",
"If I shot 50 percent in a game and got three or four rebounds, it was a good night.\"",
"\n\nGoing into the final three games of the season, the Clippers had a slim chance of gaining a playoff berth if they could beat the Trail Blazers at home and then upset both the Lakers and Suns on the road. ",
"In the matchup against Portland, Barnes was on the court for the final 28 seconds, with his team trailing by a point. ",
"On an inbounds play, the ball came into Free on the left wing. ",
"Everyone on the court anticipated that the guard with no conscience would go one-on-one and launch the deciding shot. ",
"Instead, he passed the ball inside to Barnes, who was wide open in the lane, with plenty of time to square up, aim, and fire. ",
"His shot, however, never reached the rim. \"",
"I completely choked,\" he said afterwards. \"",
"Five feet from the basket and I put up a three-foot jumper.\" ",
"The air ball cost the Clippers the game and eliminated them from playoff contention.",
"\n\nThe embarrassing flub would be Barnes's final play in the NBA.",
"\n\nThe following evening, as the Clippers were warming up to face the Lakers, Shue asked the humbled forward if he wanted to start. \"",
"This is a chance to show people you deserve to be in this league,\" the coach said. ",
"The offer, however, was politely declined. \"",
"I appreciate what you're trying to do,\" Barnes said, \"but I'm not the player I used to be. ",
"I don't want to go out there and hurt the team again. ",
"Do me a favor, Gene, keep me on the bench from here on out.\"",
"\n\n\"For the first time in my career,\" said Barnes, who shot a career-low 40 percent from the field and averaged only 3.2 points and 3.6 rebounds during his 20-game stint with San Diego, \"I felt I had no right to be on the court.\"",
"\nSeventeen\n\nON THE ROAD TO NOWHERE\n\nBad News Barnes's NBA career stats weren't exactly Springfield, Massachusetts, material. ",
"In his four seasons (171 games), he had averaged 9.2 points on 44-percent shooting. ",
"His rebounding had been equally as unimpressive at 5.5 a game.1\n\nDespite his four-year \"slump,\" the twenty-eight-year-old forward found employment for the 1980–81 season when he was pursued by a team from the seaport city of Trieste, Italy, located four and a half miles from the Yugoslavian border. ",
"The club's owners, who had deep pockets, were looking to add a big-name American center or power forward, someone with substantial pro experience. ",
"Barnes, despite his checkered past and atrocious recent play, evidently fit the team's needs because the management of Hurlingham Trieste, which normally played one game per week during the regular season, signed him to a contract that provided an exceedingly generous salary of $15,000 a month tax-free, plus use of a new car and a modern two-bedroom apartment.",
"\n\nHaving a month to wait until his departure date, Barnes flew to New York, where he stayed with one of his former drug suppliers, an addict named Claude, who had recently purchased a large jar of potent heroin.",
"\n\nOvercome by an acute case of brainlock, Bad News figured there could be no possible harm in sampling the drug for a few weeks. ",
"Eager to make a small buy but, as usual, lacking funds, he devised a plan that might provide him with as much as $70,000.",
"\n\nBeginning in 1982, the Spirits ownership group would be obligated to start paying deferred compensation to Barnes that totaled $156,000. ",
"Disinclined to wait that long, he phoned Schupak and inquired whether a settlement might be arranged. ",
"The attorney for the Silna brothers told Marvin to stop by his office in Manhattan to discuss the matter. ",
"When Barnes, accompanied by Claude, arrived for the meeting, Schupak sensed Barnes's anxiety and opted to play hardball, offering a meager $25,000 in severance.",
"\n\nWith an eye on the prize (the jar of high-grade heroin), Barnes didn't even attempt to negotiate a more equitable resolution. \"",
"I'll take it, but I'll need it all in cash money by tomorrow morning.\" ",
"In effect, he had signed off on a deal that paid him only 16 cents on the dollar of what he would have received in deferred payments.",
"\n\nBy the time basketball's master of mayhem arrived in Italy, drug purchases had trimmed his $25,000 bankroll in half. ",
"Moving into a comfortable hillside apartment that offered a panoramic view of two majestic cathedrals and a nineteenth-century fortress, Barnes was able to find a reliable source for drugs during his first night on foreign soil. ",
"Another player from the US, 6-foot-5 Rich Laurel, a 1977 fifth-round draft pick of the San Antonio Spurs whose NBA career lasted only 12 games before he was waived, introduced his new teammate to three acquaintances, all male models whose sideline work was peddling cocaine and heroin. ",
"The CEO of the flourishing local operation was twenty-six-year-old playboy Ricardo Dainese, who went by the nickname \"Ricky the Pirate.\" ",
"Naturally, it didn't take long for Trieste's newest sports icon to cultivate a close and rewarding friendship with the debonair drug distributor.",
"\n\nThe relationship, however, was short-lived. ",
"A month and a half into the Italian League's schedule, Barnes's paid vacation came to an inglorious end when he was released after missing three practices in one week.",
"\n\nTwo days after his contract had been terminated, Barnes stopped by Dainese's cottage to refill his coke supply. ",
"As soon as he knocked on the front door, three men, all carrying Uzi machine guns, came charging out of the bushes that lined the perimeter of the property. ",
"It appeared as if they were there to ambush Ricky and steal his money and drugs. ",
"Instead, they began shouting, \"Policia, Policia.\"",
"\n\nBecause he wasn't high or in possession of any dope, Barnes was relieved to know they were cops, not thieves or mobsters. ",
"Taken into custody and whisked away to the city jail, he was interrogated by Trieste's police chief, who asked him whether he had ever witnessed Dainese selling drugs. \"",
"Nope,\" he replied. \"",
"Just got here eight weeks ago. ",
"I've only met the man a couple times.\"",
"\n\nRefusing to believe the denial, the city's top cop stuck his nose to within three inches of his captive's face and loudly repeated his question. \"",
"Look,\" Barnes shouted, \"I don't know what the hell you're talking about, so stop all the hollering. ",
"You ain't dealing with no punk-ass kid.\"",
"\n\nAnnoyed that the American wouldn't implicate Dainese in a drug dealing scheme, the chief summoned a deputy to escort the uncooperative detainee down a set of cobblestone steps that led to a primitive damp dungeon. ",
"While being forcibly shoved along, Bad News stopped dead in his tracks when he came face to face with five convicts, all Charles Manson look-alikes, staring blankly at him from behind bars. \"",
"You might as well shoot me right here and now,\" he told the officer, \"'cause I ain't going nowhere near those freaks.\"",
"\n\nAfter a brief standoff, the guard ushered Barnes to a different cell, where Ricky the Pirate, two other Italians, and three Africans were being held.",
"\n\nMeals in the dark cave-like jail were barely digestible: over-salted scrambled eggs and fatty half-cooked sausage for breakfast; cold pasta for lunch; and some type of watery goulash, which smelled like rotten hamburger, at dinner time. \"",
"We got the same lousy food every day I was there. ",
"It looked like the slop that's fed to pigs.\"",
"\n\nWhile the guards were upstairs taking a break, one of the inmates opened a small cardboard box and tipped it over onto the bare floor. ",
"Out tumbled a dozen different kinds of prescription medicines, perhaps 500 tablets in all. ",
"The assortment included Percodan, codeine, tranquilizers, and Vicodin.",
"\n\nNo one explained how the narcotics had been smuggled in. ",
"Barnes simply presumed a fellow prisoner had bribed a jailer. ",
"For four days, he ate only rock-hard bread, surviving the ordeal by drinking water and gulping down a wide variety of pills.",
"\n\nTipped off by a guard that he was about to be charged with making false statements to a law enforcement official, an offense that carried a possible 10-year sentence in Italy, Barnes requested and received permission to phone an attorney in Rhode Island. ",
"After making contact, he appealed for help. \"",
"Talk to the US embassy here,\" he said. \"",
"Tell them I need to see somebody right now. ",
"Let them know I'm being railroaded, that the cops here have me locked away in some stinking dungeon.\"",
"\n\nA State Department envoy arrived at the jail the following afternoon and demanded that the American basketball player be released until a formal complaint was brought against him. ",
"As soon as Barnes was temporarily set free, the diplomat offered some advice. \"",
"US citizens don't normally get a fair shake in the courts here. ",
"This is off the record, but if I were you, I'd sneak out of the country right away, today if possible. ",
"They won't come after you for such a questionable charge.\"",
"\n\nAnd with that, Barnes rushed to his apartment, packed his suitcases, and phoned for a cab. ",
"He was driven to the tiny village of Monrupino, a quarter of a mile from the Yugoslavian border. ",
"From there, he fled on foot, trudging through a dense forest until he reached the town of Sezana in the state of Slovenia. ",
"After taking a one-hour bus ride to a two-runway airport, the fugitive from Italian justice boarded a prop plane to Frankfurt, Germany, where he caught a connecting flight to New York.",
"\n\nOnce back in the States, Barnes, now a wanted man in Trieste, phoned Laurel to recount his experiences while on the lam. ",
"His former teammate explained that, in actuality, the case against Ricky the Pirate involved much more than a drug charge. ",
"It seemed Dainese was also being investigated for extortion. ",
"It was alleged that during the wild parties at his home, he had taken nude photographs and X-rated films of nearly fifty doped-up females, some as young as fifteen. ",
"They were the daughters of politicians, entertainers, and corporate CEOs. ",
"According to police, their suspect was planning on using his private porn collection to blackmail the young women's wealthy parents, which he had estimated would net him a fortune. ",
"As soon as the media learned details of the supposed bribery plot, it became a major scandal throughout Italy.",
"\n\nAs the summer of 1981 approached, Barnes, who had been in and out of rehab four times since his return from Italy, had no plans for another long shot bid to win a spot on an NBA roster. ",
"But as had been the case so many times on his road to nowhere, along came another true believer to offer a lift. ",
"Larry Brown, who was now coaching the New Jersey Nets, invited him to play for his team in the Los Angeles Summer League. ",
"At the time, the LA Pro-Am was so highly regarded that almost every NBA club sent a squad of veterans, draft picks, and free agents to participate in the two-week showcase. ",
"The basketball drifter was promised that if he performed well, a one-year $400,000 deal would be his reward.",
"\n\n\"I'd like to get back on the mountain top with Moses and Doc. ",
"I want one of those big contracts like they've got. ",
"When I was up there with them, I outplayed all of 'em. ",
"How do you think that makes me feel?\" ",
"Barnes, utilizing an abundance of bogus bluster for emphasis, told Boston Globe columnist Bob Ryan. \"",
"When I see the million-dollar contracts that they're getting, I get mad at myself because I had the talent to make what they've made over the years. ",
"I wasted so many chances that I feel like punching myself. ",
"But I love myself too much to do that.\"",
"\n\nHaving stayed clean for more than two months, Barnes made a whole-hearted bid to impress the Nets coaching staff. ",
"His efforts paid off as he led the team in both scoring and rebounding and was voted MVP of the summer league. ",
"Brown was elated—until New Jersey owner Joe Taub vetoed the plan to sign the free agent because Barnes had skipped out on a mind-boggling $5,000 hotel incidentals tab, forcing the team to cover the charges. ",
"Despite the coach's protests, Taub was adamant: there would be no more Bad News.",
"\n\nOnce again, Marvin's fondness for self-indulgence had triumphed over common sense.",
"\n\n\"I was praying he could prove he wasn't washed up,\" Brown says. \"",
"I knew he came with a lot of baggage, but I thought I could handle him. ",
"Back then, I was naïve. ",
"I knew nothing about drugs and their effects. ",
"I was a young coach who judged players strictly on their talent. ",
"If I thought a guy could produce on the court, I wanted him. ",
"I begged my owner to give him a second chance, but I was wasting my breath.\"",
"\n\nBecause Barnes had performed so well for the Nets in the summer league, he anticipated there would be contract offers from other NBA teams. ",
"There was, however, no interest in his services.",
"\n\nAfter the summer league had come to an unfortunate conclusion, Barnes moved into his mother's home, with no car, no money, and no job prospects. ",
"In the spring of 1982, he was arrested for pimping and pandering, though the charges were eventually dropped. ",
"Still, details of the run-in were reported in the local media, as well as in JET magazine. ",
"Suspecting that the Providence police were tracking his every move, he asked a friend in Watertown, Massachusetts, if he could stay at his house for a month or two.",
"\n\nEven though Barnes knew deep down that his talent had all but evaporated, he could not let go of his love for the game that had long ago offered seemingly unlimited prospects for wealth and fame. ",
"He opted to train for a comeback in the Continental Basketball Association (CBA), a minor league system that survived on a shoestring budget by requiring its players to play for dirt-cheap salaries, travel by bus for five or six hours to away games, and stay at trashy hotels or motels.",
"\n\nAttempting to turn back time, Barnes, now thirty, began working out in late August at nearby Boston College, lifting weights and scrimmaging with a number of pros, including Kevin McHale, Robert Parish, M. L. Carr, and Danny Ainge, as well as members of the school's varsity squad.",
"\n\nIt did not take long for reality to sink in.",
"\n\nUsually matched up against McHale, who had been named to the NBA All-Rookie First Team in 1981, Bad News loped along as if he were playing in an over-forty weekend warrior league, sometimes walking off the court mid-play, huffing and puffing while gasping for air. ",
"When he did summon up enough energy to guard the Celtics' sixth man, he was subjected to a constant stream of humorous trash talk. \"",
"Hey, old timer, you're in my torture chamber now. ",
"There's no way out, babe,\" the twenty-three-year-old future hall of famer joked. \"",
"Face it, you're doomed. ",
"Take your beating like a man.\"",
"\n\nIf he were in his heyday, the former \"spirit of the Spirits,\" as Barnes had often referred to himself, would have been a worthy opponent for the 6-foot-10 Boston power forward, who possessed the arms of an octopus. ",
"Barnes would have been quicker and faster; McHale would have employed his assortment of low-post moves to gain an edge. \"",
"You couldn't tell from the games at BC,\" says Carr, who had been a teammate of both players, \"but News, at one time, would have gone right at Kevin because he had no fear. ",
"My guess is that Kevin would've come out on top, but watching them go at each other would've been interesting.\"",
"\n\nAfter two weeks of being outclassed, Barnes gave up. ",
"Walking out of the BC gym for the final time, he tossed a new pair of Converse basketball shoes that McHale had given him into a trash container. ",
"He then returned to his friend's home in Watertown to ponder the future.",
"\n\nFailing to see any chance for a career revival, he downed the contents of two nearly full quart bottles of whiskey that he had swiped from his friend's dining room liquor cabinet. ",
"By the time his host returned from work that evening, the house reeked of spilled booze and cigarette smoke. ",
"All of Barnes's belongings were thrown onto the front lawn, and he was told to \"find another sucker to mooch off.\" ",
"The no longer welcome houseguest immediately called Sam, the heroin addict, and asked for a ride to Providence. \"",
"And bring along whatever stuff you have.\"",
"\n\nFive minutes into the trip, Bad News was snorting cocaine.",
"\n\nBasketball and the Spirits called again a month later, but it was a world away from St. Louis and the old ABA. ",
"The Detroit Spirits, a new franchise in the CBA, had been trying to get in touch with Barnes through Mama Baxter. ",
"She had no details to provide other than the name of a contact and a phone number.",
"\n\nFor the previous two weeks, the Providence legend had been making the rounds of his old haunts, hoping to bump into a kindly dealer who would allow him to buy a small quantity of marijuana on credit. ",
"The ballers at Bucklin Street Park didn't quite know what to make of the sullen spectator who stood alone 30 feet away from the court, resting his right shoulder against a light pole. ",
"A few friends from his high school days came over to greet him, but he was clearly not in the mood for conversation. ",
"All he wanted was to score a joint and move on.",
"\n\nNow, after learning about the phone call from Detroit, Barnes sensed an income opportunity. ",
"He phoned the team's office and spoke with Sam Washington, the Spirits' general manager, who asked if he would be interested in signing a non-guaranteed contract for $800 a week. ",
"During the brief conversation, the former Piston was told he would be the \"building block\" of the CBA franchise, which was scheduled to start play in a month. \"",
"You'll be our highest paid player,\" the enthusiastic GM told him. \"",
"We need someone with your experience to set the tone for our younger guys.\"",
"\n\nIt was an enticing proposal, one Washington would come to regret.",
"\n\nA day after signing, Barnes flew to Detroit and addressed the media at a press conference. \"",
"Look at me, all lean and mean. ",
"I'm here to show all the young bucks on this team how to play the game,\" he said, knowing full well his words were nothing more than false bravado. \"",
"Don't forget, this is my town. ",
"No one can sell tickets here better than News.\"",
"\n\nLess than three weeks into the season, Barnes suffered a knee sprain, which sidelined him until mid-December. ",
"Once the Spirits' \"role model\" returned to the lineup, he played in only five more games, getting tossed out of two of them, one for fighting and the other for making an obscene gesture at an official. ",
"He also missed three practices and one road game because he had slipped badly, having gone on a coke toot with two fellow addicts he had known from his days of tagging along with the Curry Boys.",
"\n\nBy late January, Washington could take no more. \"",
"I'm tired of sending out search parties every time you pull one of your disappearing acts,\" the Spirits GM told Barnes. \"",
"I don't know why you think you're entitled to do whatever you please. ",
"I've got seven young guys busting their butts to make it to the NBA. ",
"And then I've got you, a guy who doesn't give a shit. ",
"Well, the free ride's over as of today.\"",
"\n\nFeeling sorry for himself, Bad News cashed his final paycheck and bought $700 worth of cocaine on the same day he was released. ",
"A week later, he was out of blow and on his way to a 120-day stint in rehab.",
"\n\nStill not receiving any financial support from Becton, who remained wary of the feds bringing charges against him, Barnes took another stab at reviving his career by signing with the Ohio Mixers of the CBA in November of 1983.",
"\n\nAs had been the case with many of his previous teams, he was not the only player on the roster who was considerably off-kilter. \"",
"We brought in three high-salaried ex-NBA players—Marvin, Kevin Williams, and Billy Ray Bates—and all of them had major issues,\" former Mixers head coach Tom Sawyer says. \"",
"Every day was bedlam.\"",
"\n\n\"Between Billy Ray, Kevin and me, I was the sane one,\" Barnes said. \"",
"Trust me on that.\"",
"\n\nOnly twenty-two years old, Williams had been the '83 second-round draft choice of the Spurs. ",
"The talented 6-foot-2 point guard had earned a spot on San Antonio's roster but lasted only 19 games due solely to his violent and uncontrollable temper, which resulted in frequent brawls with opponents and teammates alike. \"",
"Kevin took things a little too personal on the court,\" Barnes said, \"but no one had more heart, which is why he ended up playing in the NBA for a few [actually four] more years.\"",
"\n\nBates, the leading scorer for the Portland Trail Blazers in both the 1980 and '81 playoffs, had become an incorrigible alcoholic and drug abuser by the time he was waived out of the NBA and signed by the Mixers. \"",
"He didn't stay too long, maybe a month or two. ",
"Then he went to play in the Philippines for a lot more money,\" Barnes said. \"",
"The man loved to drink. ",
"Even had a beer gut. ",
"But hear me: Billy Ray could show up for a game totally pie-eyed and still score 30.\"2\n\nAnd then, of course, the Mixers' coach had his hands full keeping tabs on Barnes.",
"\n\n\"Marvin's idea of practicing was to stand around and tell stories about the good old days,\" Sawyer says. \"",
"When we would start our running drills, he'd go up and down the court a few times and then disappear into the locker room. ",
"Our staff would watch him sneak out. ",
"Then we'd start laughing about how he thought he was tricking us. ",
"The simple truth was that he just couldn't keep up with our younger guys.",
"\n\n\"We had all these big-name players, and we still were only a .500 club. ",
"After a while, fans stopped coming to our games. ",
"Somehow we ended up making the playoffs, but we didn't get past the first round.\"",
"\n\nAfter playing a handful of games for another CBA team, the Evansville Thunder, in 1984, Barnes unceremoniously walked away from the game. \"",
"I had gone from ABA Rookie of the Year, to the NBA, to Italy, to the CBA, to the unemployment line in less than ten years. ",
"Somewhere along the way I had lost every ounce of pride. ",
"I was a 'has-been' at age thirty-two.\"",
"\n\n1 In his two ABA seasons, Barnes shot 50 percent from the floor and averaged 24 points with 13.4 rebounds and 1.9 blocks.",
"\n\n2 In 1998, Bates, totally soused, robbed a gas station attendant at knifepoint in New Jersey and fled with only $7. ",
"He was arrested less than an hour later and eventually served five years in Bayside State Prison.",
"\nEighteen\n\nCALIFORNIA DREAMIN'\n\nIt was no coincidence that less than a year before Barnes retired from the game, the NBA adopted the first comprehensive anti-drug policy in pro sports, with testing specifically designed to punish players who were using cocaine and/or heroin. ",
"By then, numerous accounts of Bad News's outlandish behavior due to substance abuse had long been circulating around the league.",
"\n\n\"Hey, I'm the reason why the NBA took such a hard-line stand against drug use in '83,\" Barnes once said, sounding very much as if he were boasting.",
"\n\nYet he was hardly the only well-known player who became addicted during the seventies and early eighties. ",
"Perennial NBA All-Stars David Thompson, George Gervin, and Walter Davis all were cocaine abusers at some point during their careers, but they, for the most part, were able to mask their dependencies. ",
"Others, including Bernard King, battled to overcome alcoholism.",
"\n\n\"Barnes's pattern of conduct was definitely a factor in why we were anxious to see a tough anti-drug policy established,\" said Charles Grantham, former executive director of the NBA Players Association. \"",
"His name came up a number of times during discussions about how drug use was giving the league and us a black eye. ",
"Our members were fed up reading newspaper articles about guys who had been caught using illegal substances. ",
"Players who had always been clean didn't want fans thinking the NBA was becoming a league of addicts. ",
"That's why we overwhelmingly voted for the 'three strikes and you're out' penalty.\"",
"\n\nThe historic agreement, which offered help to those players who sought it while also serving as a deterrent for those who might be tempted to use, came seven years too late for Barnes. ",
"By the time the policy took effect, he was an unsympathetic sponger with no apparent purpose in life, a ridiculed flimflam artist who relied upon the generosity of friends and strangers alike to carry on one day at a time.",
"\n\nThere was a simple explanation why the penniless schemer had not asked Becton for a handout in more than two years. ",
"The long arm of the law had reached out for the drug trafficker and his associates in late 1981 after Hindelang was caught red-handed in a St. Louis warehouse that was filled to the ceiling with eight and a half tons of marijuana.",
"\n\n\"I walked into the building and started feeling lightheaded just from breathing in the air,\" says US Attorney Mike Reap. \"",
"We took samples from each bale of pot for evidence, shot video of the contraband, and then hauled all 17,000 pounds of the stuff to an incinerator and burned it. ",
"We had Hindelang cold, and he was angling for a deal. ",
"It was an easy sell to get him to cooperate with our investigation.\"",
"\n\nServing as a government snitch, the mobster who had masterminded the offshore pot smuggling enterprise was permitted by law enforcement officials to maintain an active role in the dealings of the organization.",
"\n\nBased principally upon detailed verbal and written reports supplied by Hindelang and another high-ranking member of the drug ring whose name has never been made public, Reap charged Becton with participating in a continuing criminal enterprise, two interstate drug charges, and a misdemeanor charge of possession of cocaine. ",
"At trial, Hindelang testified that he had sold between three and four million dollars' worth of marijuana to Becton between 1976 and 1980.",
"\n\nThe prosecution stated that, on at least two occasions, Becton traveled to Florida from St. Louis, rented a house, and supervised the distribution of more than 7,000 pounds of pot to various buyers across the country.",
"\n\nAs a result of his leadership role in the marijuana trafficking operations, Becton was convicted and sentenced to twenty-five years in prison, of which he served seventeen. ",
"He was also fined $50,000. \"",
"I'll say this for the guy, he had a lot of friends in high places,\" Reap says. \"",
"He persuaded a congressman to petition the judge for leniency, and practically the entire St. Louis city council appeared as character witnesses at his sentencing hearing.\"",
"\n\nDespite his longtime involvement in drug smuggling, Hindelang received an extremely light punishment. \"",
"In the end, it amounted to nothing more than a slap on the wrist,\" one DEA agent says. \"",
"When he received only ten years, I was upset. ",
"When he ended up serving just thirty months, I was fuming. ",
"The man was a snake, and unfortunately he was rewarded for being one.\"",
"\n\nAs for Barnes, he was of little interest to the feds. \"",
"We knew all about him,\" an undercover investigator says, \"but he was a small fish, someone who was along the ride. ",
"We wanted the top four or five guys in the organization, the people who were running the show. ",
"We weren't about to waste our time trying to go after some washed-up jock.\"",
"\n\nAlthough Hindelang claimed his cash assets were only $694,000 at the time of his arrest, two relentless members of law enforcement, Chuck Visco of the Monroe County's sheriff's office in Florida and an undercover female ICE agent, decided to take a closer look at his finances.",
"\n\nDuring the course of what was codenamed \"Operation Cash Extraction,\" it was uncovered that Big Ed and his relatives were linked to eighty-six shell corporations, mainly based in Panama and Costa Rica. ",
"In addition, an extensive piece-by-piece document search proved there were also direct connections to ownership of a condo and two houses in Aspen, ranches in Montana and Oregon, forty-three oil wells in Pennsylvania; as well as bank accounts and trusts in Switzerland, England, Lichtenstein, the Isle of Mann, Jersey, and Guernsey.",
"\n\nThe outcome of the probe: Hindelang agreed to forfeit $50 million to the government.",
"\n\nWere all of his ill-gotten gains recovered? \"",
"We're still actively looking,\" Visco says. \"",
"I can tell you for sure that Hindelang isn't in the poor house, and no one in law enforcement is shedding any tears for the guy. ",
"He drives around in a new $50,000 car and lives in a Santa Barbara, California, home that has to be worth a couple million bucks. ",
"Draw your own conclusions about how he manages to maintain such a lavish lifestyle.\"",
"\n\nWith Becton unable to provide any financial aid, Barnes moved back to Detroit in March of 1985, where he panhandled, ate an occasional meal at a soup kitchen, and usually slept in a homeless shelter.",
"\n\nWhen an NBA club would arrive in town for a game against the Pistons, Barnes would show up at the visiting team's hotel and wait in the lobby for the players to walk by. ",
"Looking unkempt and usually wearing a threadbare sweat suit, he'd ask those he knew from his playing days if they could \"loan\" him a hundred dollars. ",
"Out of pity, most reached into their wallets and gave him enough money to buy a few decent meals.",
"\n\nOne day Barnes stopped by Mama Baxter's place. ",
"He was greeted by a very eager Baxter, who informed Marvin that Bill Walton had phoned for him.",
"\n\nWhen Barnes returned the call, the Clippers center asked for his help. ",
"It seemed Walton had been given permission to negotiate his own trade, and the Celtics had expressed an interest in acquiring him. ",
"If a deal could be arranged, the thirty-three-year-old would have what might be his last opportunity to win a second NBA championship in the role of sixth man on a team that had Larry Bird, Robert Parish, Kevin McHale, Dennis Johnson, and Danny Ainge in its starting lineup.",
"\n\nBarnes was asked to fly out to San Diego, stay at Walton's home, and help him get into game shape for the 1985–86 season. ",
"Hours after the conversation, Marvin and his new girlfriend, Valerie, packed what little baggage they had and boarded a jet for balmy Southern California.",
"\n\nWalton could have asked any one of his teammates or any number of other pros who lived in the San Diego area to train with him. ",
"Instead, he had gone to great lengths to contact Barnes, who hadn't played pro ball in almost three years. \"",
"The one thing I always knew about Marvin was that he was a ferocious competitor,\" the Hall of Fame center says. \"",
"It didn't matter that I was four inches taller and 25 pounds heavier. ",
"He was going to battle me for every rebound and contest every shot I took. ",
"Maybe his skills weren't what they used to be, but I needed someone who wouldn't back down, someone who'd push me. ",
"He was the only guy I could count on to get me to where I wanted to be.\"",
"\n\nBarnes later would flatter himself by stating, \"A thoroughbred needs to work out with another thoroughbred. ",
"A thoroughbred don't race against no plow horse.\"",
"\n\nThe .7-acre Walton estate, located in the Marston Hills section of San Diego, was a sports-oriented paradise designed for both kids and kids at heart.",
"\n\nThe bi-level 6,300-square-foot house, aptly named \"California Dreamin',\" was built in Spanish Revival style and contained sixteen rooms, including six bedrooms, two of which were decorated with posters, album covers, T-shirts, and other mementos that paid homage to music legends Bob Dylan and Neil Young.",
"\n\nJust off the front door hallway was a game room that featured a pool table, a 14-foot-long fully stocked bar, and four display cases that held trophies, plaques, medals, and championship game balls.",
"\n\nThe living room was the most traditionally styled area of the house, a relatively quiet place filled with treasured family pictures and keepsakes. ",
"Built into a wall were two floor-to-ceiling seven-foot wide bookcases that were crammed with works about politics, history, law, and sports.",
"\n\nThroughout the home, souvenirs of Walton's many adventures with his favorite band, the Grateful Dead, were prominently displayed. ",
"On a few of the downstairs walls were classic photographs that captured highlights of the diehard Deadhead's remarkable basketball career, as well as certificates and plaques he had received for his many charitable endeavors.",
"\n\nOverlooking one of Balboa Park's most scenic canyons and no more than a stone's throw away from the San Diego Zoo, the private compound was built for relaxation and recreation. ",
"Leading out to the family's pool and hot tub was a winding slate path lined with exotic plants and swaying tropical trees. ",
"A three-car garage had been converted into a weight room, complete with a ping pong table, working bar, and lounge area that showcased a monstrous drum set given to Walton by Grateful Dead percussionist Mickey Hart. ",
"Off the side patio was, of course, a basketball court. ",
"A tennis court and a two-bedroom guesthouse were tucked away 40 yards down a sloped trail that led from the side door of the family home.",
"\n\nWalton had a well-deserved reputation of throwing wild parties at California Dreamin' during the summer, but once the two-a-day training sessions with Barnes began, he put a temporary halt to all the nighttime revelry.",
"\n\n\"From the moment I arrived, Bill was all business,\" Barnes said. \"",
"Before I even unpacked my suitcase, he handed me a four-page handwritten workout schedule. ",
"I read though it and thought, 'Damn, he's out to kill us both.'\"",
"\n\nTheir routine began each day at 8 a.m. with 15 minutes of calisthenics, followed by two hours of shooting and rebounding drills. ",
"After lunch, they headed back to the basketball court for another 90 minutes of intense one-on-one competition, followed by a half hour of weightlifting. ",
"To cool down, the pair always finished with a one-mile jog through the upscale neighborhood.",
"\n\nIn the evenings while Walton went for a ten-mile bike ride, Barnes cruised around town in his host's vintage wood-paneled station wagon, listened to music, or enjoyed a soothing whirlpool. ",
"His favorite pastime, though, was roughhousing with Walton's sons, Adam, Nathan, Luke (named after Maurice Lucas), and Chris, who ranged in age from three to eight. ",
"The kids had so much fun with their new playmate that they started calling him \"Uncle Marvin.\" ",
"Bill's wife, Susie, however, was not at all pleased with the family's rambunctious houseguest because she believed he was encouraging her boys to fight and allowing them to watch violent TV shows. ",
"When she scolded the children for wrestling in the house, they would yell back, \"But, mom, Uncle Marvin gave us permission.\" ",
"Needless to say, that answer did not sit well with her.",
"\n\nAfter two months of heavy training and uneasy waiting, Walton received the phone call that revitalized his career. ",
"It was from Celtics President and General Manager Red Auerbach, who informed the 1978 league MVP that Boston had acquired him in exchange for veteran forward Cedric Maxwell, a first-round draft choice, and cash. ",
"Auerbach said he was gambling that Walton, despite chronic foot and back problems, could play 15 to 20 minutes a game as a backup to both Parish at center and McHale at power forward.",
"\n\nWhen Walton, who, due to injuries, had played in only a total of 169 games from 1978 through 1985, inquired when he would be required to take a physical, Auerbach replied, \"Don't worry about it. ",
"We both know you have no shot of passing it.\"",
"\n\nAfter thanking his new boss profusely, Walton hung up the phone and started celebrating by breaking into an Indian war dance. \"",
"It's a done deal, brother. ",
"I'm officially a Celtic,\" he told Marvin. \"",
"Why don't you come to Boston with me? ",
"I'll talk Red into giving you a contract. ",
"You, me, Bird, McHale, and Parish. ",
"Now that's what I call an All-Star frontcourt. ",
"Who could stop us?\"",
"\n\nThe suggestion, of course, was preposterous. \"",
"Forget that, Bill,\" Barnes said. \"",
"Let me put it this way: If you even mentioned my name to Auerbach, he'd send you straight back here on the first plane out of Logan [Airport].\"",
"\n\nA day later, Barnes decided to move on. \"",
"We both know damn well that Susie wanted to kick my ass to the curb weeks ago,\" he told his friend. \"",
"Now that you're all set with Boston, my job's done here.\"",
"\n\nWalton immediately called the San Diego Marriott on West Harbor Drive and paid in advance for Marvin and Valerie to enjoy a week's stay. ",
"He also handed his workout partner $1,000 in cash. \"",
"Figure out what you want to do, and then let me know,\" he said. \"",
"I'll help you any way I can.\" ",
"It was a generous gesture, but Barnes had already formulated a short-term plan. ",
"He'd use most of the money he had just received to buy a two-week supply of coke and weed.",
"\n\nRelaxing at a first-class hotel was enjoyable while it lasted, but by the time Marvin and Valerie checked out, their funds were down to less than $50. ",
"They would have to survive by living on the streets.",
"\n\nIt might seem like there are far worse places than Southern California to be homeless. ",
"After all, the region is known for its pleasant climate, beautifully landscaped residential communities, pristine beaches, and modern business complexes. ",
"But in City Heights, the oozing cesspool of East San Diego where the couple ended up, there weren't any pretty-as-a-picture-postcard tourist attractions. ",
"For six days, they stayed in an overcrowded, foul-smelling shelter until Valerie got drunk and started a lengthy shouting war with Marvin, forcing the manager to evict them. ",
"Moments later, the pair parted ways for good.",
"\n\nWith dope dominating his life, Barnes paid little attention to nutrition as he wandered the ghetto without purpose. ",
"Occasionally he'd stand on a long food line at a mission to get a bowl of cereal and two pieces of toast for breakfast. ",
"Around lunchtime, he might take a few bites of a ham and cheese sandwich before throwing the rest away. ",
"By 5 p.m., he'd again be seeking to satisfy his hunger—not for a decent meal but for drugs of any kind.",
"\n\nEmbarrassed by the life choices he had made and terrified of what the future might hold, Barnes vegetated in squalor for more than fourteen months. ",
"At night, the once-proud athlete slept underneath an Escondido Freeway bridge or in a thickly wooded park, which provided a small degree of shelter in case of rain. ",
"If the weather turned cold, he would seek refuge in a basement laundry room of an apartment building.",
"\n\nWhen he managed to bum a few dollars from sympathetic strangers, some of whom recognized him from his brief time with the Clippers, he would pay for a room at a $6-a-night flophouse where he could brush his teeth, shower, and shave. ",
"Every so often he'd take a bus to Marston Hills and wait until after midnight to sneak onto Walton's property, where he would catch a few hours' sleep on a couch in the weight room after raiding a mini-refrigerator for beer and cold cuts. \"",
"I could have just knocked on Bill and Susie's front door,\" he said, \"but I didn't want anyone inside to see me looking like a damn hobo.\"",
"\n\nWhile crashing in a crack house one night, Barnes awoke to discover that his carryall containing clothes and two pairs of basketball shoes had been stolen. ",
"All he had left was what he was wearing: a grubby Detroit Spirits T-shirt and gym shorts. ",
"For two weeks he went barefoot, with a filthy ripped orange blanket thrown over his shoulders. ",
"Finally, he placed a collect call to his mother, who sent a FedEx package containing a Providence College sweat suit, T-shirts, underwear, gym shorts, white socks, and a pair of sneakers.",
"\n\nFor a while he lived in a fire-ravaged house that had no roof. ",
"At night he would lay awake, staring into the sky while lying on a grimy, mold-covered mattress as rats scurried back and forth across the charred floor. ",
"His only companions were seven illegal immigrants from Mexico, none of whom spoke a word of English. ",
"They always offered to share their food, but Barnes had no appetite. \"",
"I looked like one of those starving African children you see in the UNICEF commercials on TV. ",
"I lost so much weight that my shorts kept sliding down to my ankles.\"",
"\n\nEven though Lula or one of his friends back home, most often Kevin Stacom, would occasionally wire him a few hundred dollars for food and clothing, he'd instead spend most—if not all—of the money on coke and booze.",
"\n\n\"I knew that some of the cash I wired to him had to be going for drugs,\" Stacom says, \"but Marvin needed money to eat, and I wasn't about to let him starve to death.\"",
"\n\nBarnes's solitary existence beat the alternative of being an inviting mark out in the open of what East San Diego County sheriffs described as the most dangerous urban war zone in America. \"",
"Gang members, drug dealers, just plain street hustlers, they'd shoot people for no reason,\" he once said. \"",
"Unless you knew an out-of-the-way hiding spot, there was no such thing as a safe place to bed down at night.\"",
"\n\nOne afternoon while in a stupor, Barnes met an attractive twenty-six-year-old cocaine addict named Alice. ",
"When asked what she wanted to do with her life, she said her goal was to become a successful hooker. ",
"Keenly aware of the nightly dangers she would face while soliciting business on the streets, Marvin attempted to dissuade her from pursuing such a perilous line of work. ",
"Alice, however, had no reservations.",
"\n\n\"If you're sure that's what you want to do, I'll try to look after you,\" Barnes said. \"",
"Understand, whether I'm close by or not, trouble's bound to come your way.\"",
"\n\nTo further Alice's career, he became her \"chilly pimp,\" street lingo for a man who manages a single prostitute. ",
"As things turned out, she quickly learned how to attract \"johns\" who paid well and treated her decently. ",
"In a typical week, she made $700 turning tricks, which was financially rewarding for Barnes, whose only source of income was the money she gave him for being her guardian.",
"\n\nAfter managing to stay safe in East San Diego's no man's land for more than four years, Barnes wound up behind bars in August of 1989 after being arrested for shoplifting lingerie and nine movies from an X-rated video store. ",
"Because he had been convicted of a misdemeanor burglary earlier in the year, the thirty-six-year-old vagrant was charged with two felony counts of petty theft. ",
"Taken downtown and booked, he was held for trial at the county detention center, where inmates were treated as if they were cattle.",
"\n\nWhile Barnes was locked up, Providence College officials discovered he was only three credits shy of graduating. ",
"The school, eager to see one of its legendary athletes obtain a diploma, offered him the opportunity to write an eight-page book report on author Joseph Wambaugh's police novel, The New Centurions, which would complete his degree requirements.",
"\n\nLaboring to complete the paper, Barnes placed a call to Bill Reynolds at the Providence Journal, told him about his final college assignment, and sought some advice.",
"\n\n\"As one writer to another,\" Barnes said, \"tell me what you do when you've written all you have, and it's not long enough.\"",
"\n\n\"How many pages have you done?\" ",
"Reynolds asked.",
"\n\n\"Two,\" Marvin replied. \"",
"Then I ran out of things to say.\"",
"\n\nIn record time, he had developed a severe case of writer's block. ",
"Creating six additional pages eventually proved to be too much of a challenge, so he shelved the project and passed up the chance to graduate.",
"\n\nAt his next court appearance, Barnes was sentenced to sixteen months at the R. J. Donovan Correctional Facility in San Diego. ",
"The prison was Club Med compared to ACI in Rhode Island, where he had been incarcerated a decade earlier. ",
"All the inmates in his cellblock were at least thirty years old and classified as non-violent offenders—illegal immigrants, drug users, petty thieves, and white-collar criminals. ",
"Serving time there was actually somewhat relaxing for the weary nomad. ",
"He could read, exercise, watch TV, chow down on three hot meals a day, and, although not by choice, regain his sobriety.",
"\n\nParoled after six months, Barnes was transferred to a state-run transitional residence. ",
"During his first two months there, he re-read Wambaugh's work, organized his thoughts, and composed a thirteen-page book report for school. ",
"Receiving a passing grade, he was now officially a college grad. \"",
"It took me sixteen years, but I finally got things right.\"",
"\n\nReleased from the halfway house in July of 1990, Marvin returned to the dregs of City Heights where he reunited with Alice, who was still working the street corners, trolling for customers.",
"\n\nA local reporter, hoping to interview the former Clipper about his recent misfortunes, tracked him down as he was panhandling outside the East County Pawn Shop. ",
"Barnes, thinking he had struck gold when the journalist attempted to question him about his run of bad luck, told the young man, \"You give me a thousand dollars, and I'll tell you things that will make you famous. ",
"I've got stories that'll make headlines. ",
"No sugarcoating. ",
"I mean I'll name names for you. ",
"If you deal with me, you're in the big leagues, partner. ",
"I'll be talking about gangsters, bank robbers, Colombian drug traffickers, homosexual athletes, prison murders and rapes, hookers and pimps. ",
"What you'll hear is going to be ugly, so you better be able to handle it. ",
"Just write down what I'm going to tell you word for word because it's all 100 percent fact. ",
"Understand, I need the cash up front or we're done here.\"",
"\n\nThe writer tucked his notebook back into his jacket pocket, reached for his wallet, pulled out a ten dollar bill, placed it firmly into Barnes's hand, wished him well, and walked away.",
"\nNineteen\n\nBEHIND PRISON WALLS\n\nSoon after Lula Barnes had read Reynolds's two-part feature article about her son's misadventures in paradise in the Providence Journal, she asked one of his ex-girlfriends, Donna Johnson, to travel to San Diego and save him from becoming a \"hood rat.\"",
"\n\nProblem was that Marvin had no desire to be rescued.",
"\n\n\"I'm pretty sure his mother had to bribe him just to get him to meet with me,\" Donna says. \"",
"As soon as I spotted Marvin, I could tell how much he was hurting. ",
"He had sunken eyes and a blank stare. ",
"The skin on his face and hands was all cracked and shriveled up.\"",
"\n\nAll Barnes wanted was to be left alone, but Donna had other ideas. \"",
"I'm going be doggin' you until you agree to go back to Providence with me,\" she told him. \"",
"You're destroying yourself here. ",
"You're wasting away to nothing. ",
"Just look in a mirror.\" ",
"Staying by his side for two weeks and practically resorting to force-feeding him, she finally coaxed him into accompanying her to Rhode Island, where he received medical attention and drug therapy.",
"\n\nIn December of 1991, Barnes, who was still on probation for his minor brush with the law in California, accepted a part-time job offer from Rhode Island's then–attorney general, James O'Neil, who asked him to speak to groups of inner-city teenagers. ",
"Despite the fact that he seemed to be doing well in his new position, Barnes could not fight off his urges to use again. ",
"As soon as Lula learned that her son was on the prowl, she went before the state parole board. \"",
"Either you get my boy help, or I'm going to the newspapers,\" she said. \"",
"He needs care, not punishment.\"",
"\n\nAware of the anguish he was causing his mother, Barnes called Grantham at the NBA Players Association to seek information about where to receive long-term counseling. ",
"He was advised to contact the John Lucas Treatment Center, a rehab facility in Houston run by the ex-pro point guard and the same place Gerard had managed to kick his habit in 1990.",
"\n\n\"I knew John's whole deal about being a dope fiend back in his playing days,\" Barnes said. \"",
"There was one story going around that his teammates had taped a sign on the back of his warm-up jacket that said, 'Things go better with coke.' ",
"I remembered reading about him wandering through the ghetto in a three-piece suit, wearing four pairs of sweat socks and not having shoes on his feet. ",
"Some cops found him in an alley, all beat up, out of his mind, high as a kite. ",
"I was sure someone like him could understand my situation. ",
"A day after the two of us talked, I was on a plane to Houston.\"",
"\n\nSuffering from the \"shakes\" and malnutrition, Barnes began treatment as a patient on a locked-down ward at Gulf Pines Hospital. ",
"After five days of detox, he was transferred to the rehab facility. ",
"Still disoriented, he was cautioned that the odds were stacked against him. \"",
"I'm going to tell you what you need to hear, not what you want to hear,\" Lucas told him. \"",
"First of all, admit that you need help. ",
"Then be smart enough to realize that beating your habit is going to be a lifelong struggle. ",
"It never gets easy. ",
"Give in just once to temptation, and you'll probably never get sober again. ",
"I've known guys like that, and you'll be one of them unless you fight your disease every minute of every day.",
"\n\n\"Bottom line, the brain loves that harmless-looking snowy white powder. ",
"The drug has my utmost respect. ",
"It's patient. ",
"It's always there waiting for me to make a mistake.\"",
"\n\nBarnes did so well while undergoing ninety days of in-patient care that Grantham, after consulting with Lucas, offered him employment. ",
"The Players Association was seeking a former member who had overcome addiction to speak to NBA teams about his experiences and to explain in graphic terms the toll drugs can take on a player's career and personal life. ",
"The job, Barnes was told, would begin in ten months, in time for the start of the 1993 training camps. \"",
"We think you're a perfect fit because of all you've been through, including losing millions of dollars, living on the streets, and serving time in prison,\" Grantham explained. \"",
"You can communicate with players far better than some professional counselor who has never touched a basketball. ",
"You can warn these young men about all the temptations they're going to face sooner or later. ",
"This is your chance to have an impact on their futures. ",
"You can help these guys simply by being truthful about your experiences.\"",
"\n\nWithout even inquiring what his salary would be, Barnes accepted the position.",
"\n\nUpon completing the treatment program, he was appointed house manager at the rehab center. ",
"His principal duties were to counsel suspended NBA players Roy Tarpley and Richard Dumas, along with four other addicts. ",
"As a gesture of good faith, Lucas permitted his new employee to live in an off-site apartment at night and supervise the patients at the facility during the day. \"",
"I felt real good about myself and the work I was doing. ",
"Plus, I had a great job all lined up with the Players Association.\"",
"\n\nHis first out-of-town assignment came several weeks after Tarpley, who had won the NBA's Sixth Man of the Year Award as a member of the Dallas Mavs in 1988, had finished his rehab stay. ",
"Banned indefinitely from playing in the league, the power forward had begun a comeback attempt with the Wichita Falls Texans, a CBA team. ",
"Despite having been given the opportunity to redeem himself, the twenty-six-year-old was on the verge of relapsing.",
"\n\n\"Talked to Roy this morning. ",
"Sounds like he's climbing the walls,\" Lucas told Barnes. \"",
"He'll be looking to make a buy within a day or two if he doesn't get support. ",
"I want you to catch the next plane to Wichita Falls. ",
"Once you get there, room with him. ",
"Babysit him. ",
"Don't let him out of your sight. ",
"Keep him focused. ",
"Take as much time as you need. ",
"This man's on the edge, but he probably doesn't realize it.\"",
"\n\nBarnes drove to his apartment, packed a suitcase, and drove to the airport. ",
"By just a few minutes, he missed his flight, the only one scheduled to Wichita Falls that day. ",
"Knowing that so much trust had been placed on him, he became distraught that he had botched his first major mission. ",
"Rather than contacting Lucas at once, he drove to a strip club near the airport, where he calmed his frayed nerves by guzzling three shots of bourbon. ",
"Those few shooters were all it took to set him off on a full-blown drug spree. ",
"Less than three hours later, he was snorting cocaine. ",
"Gone was his job as house manager. ",
"Gone was the prospect of counseling NBA players. ",
"Now his only ambition was to get blasted as often as possible.",
"\n\n\"There are those who can't be saved,\" Lucas would later explain to a reporter. \"",
"They might be looking for help, but their resolve isn't just weak, it's non-existent. ",
"It boils down to this: Their need to use drugs is more urgent than their desire to stay clean. ",
"Marvin may just be one of those guys who never gets sober even though he's aware that he is slowly but surely destroying himself. ",
"All he had to do was call me and I would have rebooked his flight reservation for the next day. ",
"He should have been able to figure out what the right thing to do was, but addicts don't think rationally. ",
"They panic.\"",
"\n\nWhen Donna, who was staying with Barnes in Houston, found out what he had done, she told him point blank: \"The problem is that you're afraid to succeed. ",
"It's that simple. ",
"Without drugs in your system, you're insecure and frightened. ",
"That's a shame, too, because you're a grown man.\"",
"\n\nHer words, true as they were, had no impact.",
"\n\nA month later, Barnes was in the process of selling ten grams of cocaine to an acquaintance when three cops, guns drawn, jumped out of an unmarked white van and placed him under arrest. ",
"Charged with delivery of a controlled substance, he was subsequently found guilty and sentenced to six years at Lynaugh State Prison in Fort Stockton, Texas. ",
"At the same time as he was incarcerated, his sister was locked up in a federal penitentiary, finishing a ten-year stretch for possession of 72 grams of crack.",
"\n\nIt was the fourth time Bad News had been imprisoned (the fifth, counting his four-day confinement in an Italian dungeon). ",
"He soon found out that Lynaugh, technically classified as a medium-security facility, was strictly dog-eat-dog, where inmates fought for their lives while guards placed wagers on who would prevail in the savage skirmishes. ",
"Only when a combatant was knocked out or killed did the correctional officers step in to view the casualty of prison warfare, staring down at the defeated gladiator lying motionless on a cement floor covered by a pool of fresh blood. \"",
"The guards here don't break up fights,\" Barnes told Houston Chronicle reporter Michael Murphy. \"",
"They pick up bodies.\"",
"\n\nHaving learned from past prison experiences how to become \"everybody's friend,\" Barnes earned special privileges for good behavior after serving less than a year of his sentence. ",
"He was also given the undemanding job of supervising the inmates' basketball league. ",
"As part of his responsibilities, he went from one cellblock to the next, signing up those convicts who wanted to compete. ",
"If, however, a prisoner's name wasn't on the list supplied to him by the assistant warden, it meant the individual was not allowed to participate because he had violated one of the many strict rules of the institution.",
"\n\nWhile recruiting prospective players, he came face to face with a 6-foot-2, 250-pound battle-scarred lifer nicknamed \"Hammerhead.\"",
"\n\n\"Hey, I want in. ",
"Put me on a team,\" the man, who was all sleeved up with tattoos on both arms, demanded. ",
"Barnes checked the list, but the inmate's name was not on the roster of eligible participants. \"",
"Can't help you, partner,\" he said. \"",
"You must've done something wrong.\"",
"\n\nAgitated and clearly unstable, the inmate crouched into a wrestler's stance, preparing to attack. ",
"Well aware of the man's reputation as a brawler, Barnes called out to one of the guards, who was standing no more than 15 feet away. \"",
"Hey, boss, keep him away from me,\" he pleaded. \"",
"The man's gone mental. ",
"Don't want no trouble here.\"",
"\n\nInstead of attempting to restrain the incensed prisoner, the jailer retreated to his glass-enclosed sentry station, looking on as Barnes backpedaled.",
"\n\n\"Understand, I wasn't afraid of the guy. ",
"I'd been lifting weights in the prison yard every day. ",
"I was a solid 220, easy,\" said Barnes. \"",
"No one in Lynaugh had ever fucked with me until then.\" ",
"What did concern Barnes was that he was scheduled to speak to a group of students at a local high school the following day and, if he were forced to defend himself, it might well jeopardize his chance to gain a taste of freedom.",
"\n\n\"It might not sound like much,\" he later told a reporter, \"but if you were stuck in an eight-by-ten cell for fourteen hours a day, you would do anything to be on the outside, even for a short time.\"",
"\n\nWithout the guard's intervention, Barnes would have no choice but to take on the demented prisoner. \"",
"This man ain't all there. ",
"Do something, please,\" he again shouted to the officer.",
"\n\n\"He's your problem, not mine\" the guard answered.",
"\n\nIn one last bid to avoid a fight, Barnes raised his arms above his head. ",
"The pacifying gesture was totally futile. ",
"Seconds later, he ducked a punch and retaliated, landing two quick jabs and an uppercut, none of which slowed his attacker. ",
"Finally, a solid hook sent Hammerhead staggering backward onto the concrete.",
"\n\n\"I turned my back on him and started walking away. ",
"I thought for sure the man had to be out cold,\" Barnes said, \"but somehow he got back up and tackled me from behind. ",
"Now I was the one who turned animal. ",
"I flipped him on his back, got on top of him, and started wailing away. ",
"No bullshit, I wanted to put an end to this brother's miserable life. ",
"Must have banged his head on the concrete damn near fifteen times, even though I knew, at some point, he had to be unconscious. ",
"The only reason I finally stopped was because my arms were too sore to keep going.\"",
"\n\nIt took the guard several minutes to revive the severely beaten inmate and help him to his feet. ",
"Then the two exhausted enemies were put in shackles and brought before the warden, who wanted to know why Barnes showed no signs of being in a fight while the other man's head was matted with blood. \"",
"This sucker wanted to destroy me, to put me out of commission for good,\" the prison's basketball coordinator said. \"",
"If I hadn't knocked him out, he would have kept on trying to kill me.\"",
"\n\nBecause the guard verified the account, Barnes did not get written up. ",
"He was even allowed to speak at the local high school the next day. ",
"As part of his talk, he recounted every detail of his life-or-death battle with his fellow convict as an example of how inhuman prison life can be.",
"\n\nWith only six months remaining until his parole date, Barnes jeopardized his chances for early release by becoming romantically involved with a female guard named Carol. ",
"Every day she brought him gifts, including snacks, money for the commissary, and cologne. ",
"For 15 minutes each afternoon, the two had sex in an air-conditioned trailer, which was normally used by the guards to relax when they took their cigarette and coffee breaks. ",
"The smitten couple also exchanged passionate love letters on a daily basis.",
"\n\nHowever, a serious problem arose when one of Barnes's intimate messages fell out of Carol's uniform as it was being put into a washer in the prison laundry room. ",
"The two-page note was retrieved by a civilian employee and turned over to an administrator. ",
"If it could be proven that the pair was involved in a sexual relationship, she would immediately be fired and he would have an extra year tacked onto his sentence.",
"\n\nSummoned to the warden's office, he was shown the steamy evidence. \"",
"This ain't mine,\" Barnes swore while skimming through the letter. \"",
"Never seen it before.\"",
"\n\n\"Well, I compared it to your handwriting,\" the warden replied, \"and I'd be willing to bet it's yours. ",
"I've warned the guard, and now I'm warning you. ",
"Stay away from each other.\"",
"\n\nEven though there was no conclusive proof of a violation, Barnes was placed in solitary confinement for a week. ",
"When he was released on probation in late 1995 after serving two years and nine months, he moved in with Carol, who by then had quit her job at the prison.",
"\n\nThe relationship abruptly soured three months later. \"",
"We were arguing every day. ",
"I wanted out, but it wasn't going to be easy. ",
"One night after one of our knock-down-drag-outs, I found Carol in the bedroom, holding a gun. ",
"When I asked what she was doing, she told me, 'I can't live like this. ",
"I've got two bullets in the chamber, one for each of us.' ",
"I calmed her down and wrestled the gun away from her. ",
"Our affair had turned into a case of fatal attraction. ",
"She wasn't about to let me just walk out of her life. ",
"I knew I had to come up with a plan which would make her want to get rid of me.\"",
"\n\nHe decided that the surest way to make her angry enough to throw him out was to go on a nonstop cocaine binge. \"",
"For a week, I got high, right in the apartment, right in front of her,\" he said. \"",
"When I told her I thought she'd be better off without me, she agreed with me and even helped pack my bags.\"",
"\n\nBarnes soon reunited with Donna, the girlfriend who had prodded him into leaving the slums of San Diego in 1990. ",
"The couple, along with Donna's twelve-year-old son, Mel, moved into an apartment in Houston. ",
"However, they soon began to experience financial problems, which forced them to face the possibility of being evicted. ",
"Marvin, however, crafted a bailout solution. ",
"He called the Players Association and asked whether he could receive a lump-sum settlement on his NBA pension, which wouldn't kick in until 2002. ",
"He was told that he qualified for an immediate one-time payment of approximately $60,000. ",
"When he conferred with Grantham, who by then had resigned as director of the union, he was urged not to accept the deal. \"",
"If you turn it down, you'll get at least $30,000 a year for life once you turn fifty. ",
"My advice is to be patient and wait until you're eligible to receive your full pension.\"",
"\n\nIn Barnes's tunnel-vision view, however, the lump-sum package would enable the thirty-eight-year-old to pay off all his debts, make a few necessary purchases, and provide himself with a decent financial cushion in case of an unexpected emergency. ",
"After all, he thought, odds were he'd probably be dead and gone before his fiftieth birthday. ",
"So he signed on the dotted line, cashed his settlement check, and relinquished all retirement benefits.",
"\n\nHe used $6,000 to pay off bills, bought a new car for Donna, who would become his wife in January of 1996; spent $15,000 on clothes, furniture, and appliances; and deposited $19,000 in the couple's bank account. ",
"Clean and sober, Marvin was certain he had made a prudent decision.",
"\n\nBut, eight months after receiving his check, he fell off the wagon, which led to him squandering every last dollar remaining from the windfall. \"",
"When I started using again, I headed straight to bum's row. ",
"Every city's got one. ",
"I didn't want to hear Donna nagging at me to get professional help. ",
"Addicts, especially me, just want to be by themselves. ",
"They want to be free to make a buy here and there without any hassles. ",
"That's just what I did in Houston, getting lost and staying lost for about two weeks. ",
"Then, for no reason other than running out of cash, I came home.\"",
"\n\nIt seemed nothing would ever permanently curb his voracious appetite for drugs.",
"\n\nThe 1986 death of twenty-two-year-old Celtics' first-round draft choice Len Bias in a University of Maryland dorm room due to heart failure caused by cocaine intoxication hadn't been a deterrent, and neither had the 1993 tragic passing of Boston All-Star guard Reggie Lewis, who suffered a fatal seizure while casually practicing his free throw shooting at Brandeis University. ",
"In clinical terms, the twenty-seven-year-old died due to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, an abnormal thickening of the heart muscles. ",
"However, Dr. Gilbert Mudge, a cardiologist who had originally misdiagnosed the ailment as nothing more than a fainting disorder, would claim in a court case that two weeks before Lewis's death, the affable athlete, who was widely admired for his work in the community, had privately admitted to him that he had recently been using cocaine.",
"\n\n\"I had seen the reports on ESPN and read in the newspapers about how both of them had died,\" Barnes said. \"",
"I thought to myself, 'That couldn't happen to me. ",
"Their deaths were just freak accidents.'\"",
"\n\nIn December of 1996, the forty-four-year-old Barnes, who had just completed a 30-day rehab program, landed a counselor's position at the Golden Eagle Leadership Academy in Houston. ",
"According to its brochure, the institution was a strictly regimented substance abuse treatment program for males between the ages of thirteen and seventeen. ",
"The instructors at the thirty-bed facility, which was funded by the State of Texas, emphasized \"military-style discipline and individual responsibility.\" ",
"In other words, the academy was a glorified boot camp, one embroiled in constant controversy.",
"\n\nGolden Eagle's program director was a black militant leader named Quanell X, a former drug dealer from the Sunnyside section of Houston and a follower of extremist Nation of Islam leader Louis Farrakhan. ",
"Oftentimes, Quanell X was portrayed in the media as a hatemonger and a rabble-rouser. ",
"In a televised speech to the black community in Houston, Quanell X said, \"If you feel you have to mug somebody because of your hurt and pain, go to River Oaks and mug you some good white folks.... Give these white folks hell from the womb to the tomb.\" ",
"He later apologized for his racial outburst, but there were many outraged area residents who doubted his sincerity.",
"\n\nThere were also allegations that Quanell X and his all-black staff were using their authority at Golden Eagle to indoctrinate the teenage African American residents in the beliefs of the Nation of Islam.",
"\n\nBarnes, though, distanced himself from the program director's incendiary remarks. \"",
"I was there to help the kids turn their lives around, no other reason,\" he would later say. \"",
"I wasn't into politics and protests. ",
"I was trying to get through to the kids by telling them about the mistakes I'd made. ",
"My one and only message: If you keep on making all the wrong choices, you're going to end up either being in prison for life or becoming a murder statistic.\"",
"\n\nA former ABA executive called Barnes at work one day to invite him to the league's thirtieth anniversary reunion, which was to be held in Indianapolis in August of 1997. ",
"It would be a chance for him to share memories of his glory days with many ex-St. Louis teammates, as well as stars from opposition teams. ",
"More importantly, the occasion would allow him to rekindle his friendship with former Spirits owner Ozzie Silna, whom he hadn't seen or talked to in twenty years.",
"\n\nThe textile tycoon obviously had some legitimate reasons to blame Barnes to a small degree for his team's demise. ",
"Still, the one-time rebel without a cause believed Silna would be in a forgiving mood. ",
"Deep down, he knew the man whom he had fondly called \"Pops\" still had a tender spot for him despite all his irresponsible acts as a young player. ",
"The assessment proved to be correct.",
"\n\nOnce Barnes arrived at the three-day celebration, his first call was to Silna, who posed a few questions to begin their conversation. \"",
"I've heard all about your problems, Marvin. ",
"Be honest with me. ",
"Are you doing all right? ",
"Do you need anything? ",
"I want to help if I can. ",
"Let's meet downstairs in an hour for dinner and we'll talk.\" ",
"For the rest of the weekend, Barnes ate every meal and attended every function with Ozzie and his brother, Danny, former Spirits counsel Donald Schupak, and their wives.",
"\n\n\"Whatever you decide to do with the rest of your life, I want to be involved,\" Ozzie, who was well known for his many philanthropic deeds, told Marvin privately. \"",
"I should have gotten in touch with you a long time ago. ",
"That was my mistake. ",
"Now I want to mentor you, keep you focused, and make sure you're heading in the right direction. ",
"Just the fact that you're here and off the drugs tells me all I need to know. ",
"I want to see you become a success story. ",
"I hope you understand that can still happen for you.\"",
"\n\nAt the reunion's grand banquet, Barnes, despite having played only two seasons in the ABA, was named—along with twenty-nine others—to the league's All-Time Team. ",
"Before the awards presentation, he and Costas performed a skit at the podium. ",
"With a straight face, the NBC broadcaster mentioned he had been trying to get in touch with his old friend for years but didn't know how to contact him. \"",
"Come on, Bob,\" replied Bad News, with a fake touch of cynicism. \"",
"All you had to do was call 1-800-PRISONS, and they would have told you exactly where to reach me.\"",
"\n\nOn the final day of the event, Barnes discussed his ongoing financial struggles with Silna. ",
"He bluntly told the former Spirits owner that he didn't think Schupak had treated him fairly back in 1980 when the attorney offered him a $25,000 settlement on the $166,000 he would have been owed in deferred compensation. \"",
"I'm leveling with you, Pops. ",
"I was all messed up on heroin when I made that deal with Donald. ",
"I was so out of my mind that I even brought my dope dealer along to the meeting.\"",
"\n\nAt that point, Silna interrupted. \"",
"I know everything that happened. ",
"Don't worry, I'll resolve the matter. ",
"I'm going to give you all my phone numbers. ",
"Call me when you get home, and we'll reach an understanding. ",
"Tell me, what do you think it should take to square things? ",
"Give me a ballpark figure.\"",
"\n\nBarnes asked for $30,000.",
"\n\n\"OK, then it'll get done,\" Silna told him. \"",
"You've got my word on it. ",
"Next time we talk, we'll work out the details.\"",
"\n\nWhen Barnes returned to Texas, he encountered a major snag: Silna would not answer or return any of his repeated phone calls for two straight weeks. ",
"When they finally did speak, the conversation did not start off well. \"",
"Sorry, Marvin, but my lawyers don't want me talking to you. ",
"They tell me you're going to be looking to sue me over the circumstances surrounding the settlement you received.\"",
"\n\n\"Pops, I don't work that way. ",
"I deal man to man, not lawyer to lawyer. ",
"I want to make an agreement with you, period. ",
"Then it's over and done with.\"",
"\n\n\"I believe you, and I'm going to trust you. ",
"I'll wire you the $30,000 tomorrow.\"",
"\n\nThe money transfer arrived as promised.",
"\nTwenty\n\nREACHING OUT TO HELP\n\nThe hectic workday was coming to an end at the Golden Eagle Leadership Academy. ",
"During his nine-hour shift, Barnes had attended a staff meeting, supervised the morning exercise period, broken up a fistfight, and conducted one-on-one counseling sessions. ",
"As he prepared to head home, he was summoned to Quanell X's office, where John Lucas was waiting for him.",
"\n\n\"Marvin, I've got a job that only you can handle. ",
"Julius Erving needs your help,\" Lucas said. \"",
"His son, Cory, is struggling. ",
"He's dropped out of high school and turned to drugs. ",
"Doc's sending him here. ",
"The young man needs discipline and counseling. ",
"More than that, he needs someone to be in his corner, someone he can completely trust. ",
"You're that guy. ",
"Can you handle it?\"",
"\n\nBefore accepting the responsibility, Barnes asked several questions. \"",
"And this is what Doc wants? ",
"He knows I'll be reaching out?\"",
"\n\n\"He's the one who suggested it,\" Lucas replied. \"",
"He thinks that if Cory can relate to anyone, it's you.\"",
"\n\nThat night, Marvin and Donna phoned Julius and his wife, Turquoise, at their home in Florida to assure them they would do everything in their power to provide guidance and emotional support for their son. \"",
"I'm so glad Cory will be there with you,\" Turquoise said, \"and I'm at peace now because I'm sure my baby will be safe, that you'll give him the love he needs.\"",
"\n\nDespite the Ervings' optimistic outlook, their son was facing one of the most difficult challenges of his life at Golden Eagle, which was not a place for the meek. ",
"The toughest, strongest, and most violent adolescents—carjackers, thieves, gang members, and drug pushers—were at the top of the food chain and grew up in the most crime-infested area of the city, the Fifth Ward. ",
"In fact, the youths from that district who resided at the academy referred to themselves as members of the \"Fifth Ward Hit Squad.\"",
"\n\nThere obviously would be no mercy for Cory, a child of privilege. ",
"If the seventeen-year-old showed any signs of weakness, he would be the target of every ruffian at the reform school. \"",
"I knew this young man wasn't a wise guy, a punk, or a thug,\" Barnes said. \"",
"From what Julius had told me, his son was quiet and respectful. ",
"I was almost positive those qualities were going to work against him at Golden Eagle.\"",
"\n\nThe day before Cory was due to arrive, Marvin rounded up all the alpha dogs at the academy, took them aside, and told them, \"The kid who'll be coming in is my friend's son. ",
"Treat him right, and I'll help you out. ",
"I'll buy you cigarettes, get you day passes, and cover for you if you screw up. ",
"You got my word. ",
"Cross me, and you'll regret it every time you see my face. ",
"Just keep in mind that I can fuck with you forever if you give me a reason.\"",
"\n\nThe overt warning had no effect whatsoever. ",
"Solely because Cory was the son of the famous Doctor J and the spitting image of his father, with his neatly cropped Afro, huge hands, good looks, and pleasant smile, he was constantly harassed. ",
"More disturbing, Quanell X did nothing to prevent the intimidation. ",
"On the contrary, the radical twenty-seven-year-old program director encouraged it because he considered Julius to be an Uncle Tom, an athlete who became wealthy by kowtowing to the white team owners and executives, the white coaches, and, last but not least, the white fans. \"",
"X flat out told me that black ballplayers in the NBA were tap dancing for white folks just to rake in big paychecks,\" Barnes said. \"",
"According to him, we were all nothing more than Stepin Fetchits.\"",
"\n\nQuanell X's remarks were enough for Barnes to contemplate quitting his job at the academy as soon as Cory completed the program. \"",
"All the staff members who worked there resented the kid because they were jealous of Doc's success, both as an athlete and a businessman,\" Barnes said. \"",
"To their way of thinking, Doc wasn't really part of black society because he had crossed the line by disregarding racial boundaries.\"",
"\n\nThe daily abuse endured by the teenager became so devastating that Barnes, with the permission of the Ervings, removed him from Golden Eagle after two weeks and brought him home to live temporarily with Donna, Mel, and himself.",
"\n\n\"If I didn't get him away from that place, Cory was going to get jumped and beaten to a pulp. ",
"Things were already out of control. ",
"No mistaking what was coming next.\"",
"\n\nOut of harm's way, the introverted youth slowly began to unburden himself, freely discussing his inability to be accepted by his peers and also mentioning how he couldn't even feel at ease in his own home. \"",
"I could see he was in pain and I wanted to help. ",
"I just wasn't sure how to do it.\"",
"\n\nOne evening, the over-the-hill forty-five-year-old brought Cory to a local high school gym to shoot a few baskets. \"",
"I remember watching him practice for the first time and thinking, 'This kid's got some skills. ",
"With some decent coaching, he could blossom.' ",
"He was like a young racehorse just getting his legs,\" Barnes would later say. \"",
"He had 'hops,' not like his father, of course, but he had a smooth gait, with the same long strides as Julius.\"",
"\n\nFor the next two weeks, Barnes spent an hour each day rebounding for the 6-foot-2 aspiring athlete whose shooting ability and confidence were steadily growing.",
"\n\nPleased with the progress he had seen, Barnes called Lucas and asked him to evaluate Cory's game. \"",
"Why don't you stop by the gym and take a look at the kid?\" ",
"he said. \"",
"He's got potential. ",
"He just needs someone who knows how to bring him along.\"",
"\n\nWhen the former NBA coach showed up, he watched the youngster work out for no more than 10 minutes. ",
"Then he leaned over to Barnes and whispered, 'You've got to be joking. ",
"That boy can't play.\"",
"\n\n\"I was so pissed off at Lucas and his know-it-all attitude that I got up and walked away from him,\" Barnes said later. \"",
"Right away, Cory sensed what was going on. ",
"I could see that his spirit had been broken.\"",
"\n\n\"That's how it always goes,\" the disheartened youth told Marvin on the ride home. \"",
"No one except my family gives me any props. ",
"It's frustrating, you know?\"",
"\n\nNo matter what sport Cory happened to be playing, the other kids openly rooted against him simply because of his last name, which, in Barnes's opinion, is why the youth originally turned to drugs. ",
"Sadly, the sensitive teenager believed a line of coke or a joint would at least provide an hour or so of solace.",
"\n\n\"The truth is all Cory wanted was to be like any other kid, no more, no less,\" Barnes said. \"",
"Don't get me wrong: He was proud to be Doc's son, but at the same time, he wanted to be his own man. ",
"Just never happened, no matter how hard he tried.\"",
"\n\nAlthough Cory was receiving loving support from Marvin and Donna, he still required additional professional counseling. ",
"Barnes phoned Julius and Turquoise and told them about a treatment program in Houston—one he himself had completed—that could provide the necessary therapy. ",
"With the Ervings' blessing, Marvin accompanied the youngster to the facility and helped him adjust to his new surroundings.",
"\n\nPlacing Cory in that particular rehab did not turn out well because, within days, he relapsed, having smoked marijuana that had been secretly supplied to him by his own counselor. ",
"When both their drug tests came back positive, the employee was fired. ",
"Cory disappeared hours later, and the police were summoned to search for him. ",
"After being apprised of the situation, Barnes drove around the city, hoping to find him unharmed. ",
"Donna, meanwhile, remained at home, waiting anxiously by the phone in case Cory called. ",
"It took half a day, but authorities finally discovered the runaway youth hiding under a pile of dirty clothes in a closet at his ex-counselor's apartment.",
"\n\nConcerned about their son's state of mind, the Ervings decided to bring him home. ",
"Before leaving Houston, Cory called Marvin. ",
"During the conversation, they discussed the importance of trust and friendship. \"",
"I let him know he didn't have to go it alone,\" Barnes said. \"",
"I told him to call me whenever he wanted to talk, but I never heard from him again.\"",
"\n\nFifteen months after returning to Florida, Cory, who had been working at a Panera Bread store while taking courses at Seminole County Community College to earn his high school equivalency diploma, went missing. ",
"He had last been seen on May 28, 2000, after leaving Panera, where he had bought sandwiches for a Memorial Day family picnic.",
"\n\nDespite the Ervings' tearful appeals to the public for help and their offer of a $50,000 reward for information leading to Cory's safe return, investigators were unable to uncover any leads in the case for 39 days.",
"\n\nOn July 6, while divers from the Seminole County Sheriff's Department were searching the murky waters of an eight-foot deep retention pond next to a dirt road only a half-mile from the Erving home in Sanford, Cory's remains were found inside his submerged 1999 black Volkswagen Passat. ",
"Detectives concluded he had taken a shortcut home and lost control of his car, which plunged to the bottom of the pond. ",
"Tragically, he had been unable to escape from the vehicle. ",
"The drowning death was ruled an accident.",
"\n\nUpon learning of the sad news, Barnes phoned Silna, who knew Julius well, to inform him of what had happened. \"",
"I want you and Donna to represent me at the services. ",
"I'll take care of all your travel and hotel arrangements,\" the ex-Spirits owner said. \"",
"Please express my condolences to Julius, Turquoise, and the entire family.\"",
"\n\nAt the funeral service held at the Heartland Memorial Church in Kissimmee, Florida, more than 1,500 mourners paid their respects. ",
"There were many past and present pro players, coaches, and team executives, as well as classmates of Cory and friends of the family in attendance. ",
"The public was also invited as a way of acknowledging all the love and support that the Ervings had been shown throughout the ordeal.",
"\n\nGrammy Award–winning recording artist Patti LaBelle, a close friend of the family, began her tribute to Cory by telling the congregation that he was her \"little sweetheart.\" ",
"Then she sang \"The Lord's Prayer\" a cappella, her powerful voice quivering at times. ",
"Orlando Magic executive Pat Williams and Steadman Graham, Oprah Winfrey's boyfriend, both gave heartrending speeches. ",
"Cory's siblings, despite dealing with their personal grief, expressed their love for him.",
"\n\nAfter the rites had concluded, the devastated family stood in front of the congregation and thanked everyone for their many acts of kindness and sympathy. ",
"As Julius struggled to say a few words, emotions overwhelmed him. ",
"Sitting in the back of the church, Marvin immediately reached for Donna's hand. ",
"Together they walked up the center aisle. \"",
"When we reached Doc, I extended my arms and gave him a hug,\" Barnes recalled. \"",
"He put his head on my shoulder and began to cry. ",
"Turq, who'd been embracing Donna, grabbed our hands and whispered, 'Thank you both. ",
"Cory loved you two so very much.'\"",
"\n\nAlthough an autopsy revealed trace amounts of cocaine in Cory's system, Barnes knew in his heart that the teenager would have eventually succeeded in defeating his demons. \"",
"I'm sure of it because I know the type of person he was. ",
"It's possible he might have gone on to lose a few more battles, but he never would've stopped fighting. ",
"Cory wasn't a quitter.\"",
"\nTwenty-One\n\nA STRAIGHT TALK WITH GOD\n\nMajor health issues began to surface in 2000 as Barnes approached two and a half years of sobriety. ",
"A doctor in Houston diagnosed him as suffering from severe liver disease, most likely caused by decades of recurrent drug abuse. \"",
"Listening to all the medical mumbo jumbo,\" he said, \"I thought I was a goner.\"",
"\n\nStill, the forty-eight-year-old, who was now working at the Prospect House Fulfillment Center, a sober living facility, attempted to maintain an optimistic attitude. \"",
"I'd always been told that God doesn't give you anything you can't handle. ",
"At least that's what I tried to convince myself. ",
"I talked to a million shrinks and attended all my AA and NA meetings, but what I really needed was guidance from above. ",
"Unfortunately, I thought that God and I had gone our separate ways a long time ago. ",
"Since I already had one foot in the grave, I figured that I might as well go out with a bang.\"",
"\n\nAfter forging and cashing one of his wife's personal checks, Barnes disappeared into the bowels of Houston. ",
"Worried about his deteriorating health, as well as his safety, Donna drove around the city every night for two weeks attempting to track him down. ",
"Finally, a young woman told her that she remembered seeing a \"very tall, very drunk\" black man near Old Spanish Trail and Scott Street. ",
"Arriving at the location, Donna spotted Marvin, shirtless and mumbling gibberish, as he paced back and forth in front of a Walgreens. ",
"Pleading and crying, she somehow talked him into returning home.",
"\n\n\"I don't think he had eaten so much as a ham sandwich in all the time he'd been missing,\" Donna says. \"",
"He had traded his good shoes for a pair of old ones, which were at least three full sizes too small for him, and some crack.\"",
"\n\nHer successful rescue efforts failed to curtail Marvin's drug habit. ",
"To obtain enough money for his daily coke supply, he began stealing Donna's possessions. ",
"While she was at work, he pawned her jewelry and swiped all her dresses, selling them on the streets to prostitutes.",
"\n\n\"I was driving home from work one afternoon,\" she says, \"and I saw a young woman in high heels standing on a street corner. ",
"She was wearing an outfit that looked exactly like one I owned. ",
"When I got home, I looked in the bedroom closet. ",
"Everything of mine was gone. ",
"I just broke down, not because Marvin had stolen and sold my property, but because I realized how desperate he had become to get his hands on drug money.\"",
"\n\nThe thievery went far beyond personal items. ",
"Barnes even pawned the couple's microwave oven and camera. ",
"To prevent him from selling their new 34-inch color TV, Donna lugged it to her car and lifted it into the trunk every morning before leaving for work. ",
"When she returned from her job each evening, she would struggle to carry the set back into the apartment.",
"\n\nAfter watching powerlessly as her husband turned into a mindless zombie, Donna, as a last resort, had him committed. ",
"Two muscle-bound cops were dispatched to the apartment where Marvin, who had been hallucinating after smoking black tar heroin, was wrestled to the floor, subdued, and placed in a straitjacket. ",
"Transported to Ben Taub General Hospital, he was escorted to a padded room on the mental health ward. ",
"When a nurse weighed him, he was an anemic 149 pounds.",
"\n\nFollowing a five-day evaluation period, Barnes was informed that he had the legal right to check himself out, which he opted to do. ",
"In a moment of clarity, he placed a call to Silna. ",
"Remembering the commitment the former Spirits owner had made to offer help no matter what the circumstances, Marvin confessed that he was using and also revealed that medical tests had shown he was dying from liver disease.",
"\n\n\"Doctors can be wrong, you know,\" Silna said. \"",
"You need to get a second opinion from a specialist. ",
"I'll get you the best. ",
"Just stay off the cocaine and whatever else you're putting into your system.\"",
"\n\nThat same day, Silna arranged for Barnes to be examined by the foremost internal medicine expert in Houston. ",
"When test results came back a week after the appointment, there was an encouraging prognosis. ",
"The illness was not terminal, providing Barnes would faithfully take four prescription medicines daily and immediately stop using all opiates. ",
"He was also informed that Silna would be picking up the tab for all the doctors' bills, as well as for the necessary drugs, which would cost approximately $600 a month.",
"\n\nIt was the best news possible, a life-saving opportunity, yet Barnes could not break away from the spell of cocaine. ",
"Sensing that her son was ignoring the specialist's order to cease all drug use, Lula sent his sister to check up on him.",
"\n\nOn the morning of her flight, Alfreda called to say she would be arriving at Marvin's apartment around 5 p.m., but when she showed up at the prearranged time, he was nowhere to be found. ",
"For four hours she waited fretfully with Donna. ",
"At last, he lurched through the door, completely loaded on crack. ",
"Seeing her brother so strung out and emaciated, Alfreda burst into tears and held him close to her. ",
"Marvin's childhood protector was once more at his side, determined to watch over him.",
"\n\nFor the next two days, she visited rehab centers in the metropolitan Houston area, trying without success to get her brother into a program. ",
"Unfortunately, he was persona non grata at each one, having thrown away repeated chances to regain his sobriety. ",
"As Lucas said when Barnes first sought his assistance, \"You can't make addicts get straight. ",
"If they're not one hundred percent committed to seeking help, they're lost causes.\"",
"\n\nMeanwhile, Donna had learned from a family member about a so-called miracle treatment for addicts in Portsmouth, Virginia, where her parents lived. ",
"Marvin, recognizing that his next \"slip\" could be his last, arranged to have his probation transferred and agreed to enter the innovative program, which was named \"Victory in Jesus.\"",
"\n\nAt the first meeting with his new parole officer, Barnes volunteered a confession. \"",
"Don't even bother drug testing me because the results are going to come back dirty. ",
"But I'm getting help. ",
"I've found a treatment program that really works. ",
"It's called Victory in Jesus. ",
"You got my word that I'm going to stay clean for good this time.\"",
"\n\nThe court officer took mercy on him and skipped the mandated screening.",
"\n\nFrail, and foggy, Barnes eased himself into the counseling sessions held at the Mount Carmel Missionary Baptist Church, attending a meeting or two each week. ",
"After a month, he became a nightly visitor. \"",
"I've gone through every kind of therapy imaginable,\" he told award-winning Virginian-Pilot columnist Ed Miller. \"",
"Turns out what I never tried was having a straight talk with God. ",
"I always told myself I wasn't ready for religion because I had some wild times still ahead of me. ",
"I figured a relationship with God would only get in the way of my fun.",
"\n\n\"Most rehab treatments fail because they don't fill the void that is left when you give up drugs or alcohol. ",
"Victory in Jesus fills me up with God's love. ",
"Now I know there isn't anyone, no matter what they've done, who can't be saved.\"",
"\n\nHis renewed faith in redemption was kindled by the Reverend E. T. Knight, founder of the counseling program. \"",
"I saw people come into the church who had no self-esteem,\" Barnes said. \"",
"The pastor turned them all into God's soldiers. ",
"When I started thinking about all the people I hurt, all the money I blew, and all the damage I did to my body, I understood that only a higher power could have gotten me through those experiences. ",
"The reverend showed me that God must have a plan for me because there has to be a reason why I'm still here on this earth.\"",
"\n\nWhen discussing substance abuse with fellow members of Victory in Jesus, Barnes cited his own countless failures as examples of how the devil is always lying in wait. ",
"His words were succinct. \"",
"The bible tells us that Satan deceives, steals, and destroys,\" he told Pastor Knight's followers. \"",
"Well, cocaine does the devil's work. ",
"It deceives by convincing you that it makes you feel stronger, it steals by taking away your self-respect, and it destroys by tearing down your body and mind. ",
"If you don't fight to get clean, you'll be left with nothing.\"",
"\n\nBefore long, Barnes took his message to the streets, serving as the pastor's \"apostle.\" ",
"He had a sixth sense when it came to spotting someone struggling to overcome a personal problem. ",
"With an innate ability to strike up a heart-to-heart conversation with total strangers, he offered comfort and hope by recounting the lowlights of his own decades of despair and loneliness.",
"\n\nHis caring and humble approach produced remarkable results. ",
"Every week, he would bring new guests to Victory in Jesus. ",
"Most of them became regulars at the group's meetings. \"",
"Marvin had a gift for showing folks that they were loved. ",
"He greeted everybody the same way: with a smile, a hug, and a few encouraging words,\" says Reverend Knight. \"",
"He was doing God's work and making a difference in people's lives.\"",
"\n\nThe reborn Christian might have remained in Virginia had it not been for a telephone call he received one evening from his mother, informing him that his father was dying. ",
"After hearing the news, he caught the next plane to Providence. ",
"It was time to bid a final farewell to Al, whom he had not seen since 1975.",
"\n\nArriving in time to join his mother and sister as they stood and prayed next to Al's hospital bed, Marvin tenderly kissed Lula. ",
"Then he opened his father's eyes with his thumbs and told the man he had despised for so long that he had forgiven him. ",
"Seconds later, Al flatlined.",
"\n\nBecause the family did not have enough money to pay for the funeral and burial expenses, Barnes phoned Silna to ask for help.",
"\n\n\"I'll take care of everything,\" Silna said. \"",
"Tell me, did you make peace with your father before he died?\"",
"\n\n\"Yes, I did,\" Barnes replied. \"",
"I got to say goodbye to him in my own way.\"",
"\n\n\"Good, that was important for both of you. ",
"Now, when you go to the funeral home, have the owner call me, and I'll make the financial arrangements.\"",
"\n\nAfter the payment details had been worked out, Barnes called his benefactor to thank him again. \"",
"Marvin, my memory isn't what it used to be. ",
"Is this the fourth or the fifth time that your father has died and you've gotten me to send you money for the funeral?\" ",
"Silna said, using a touch of humor to ease the burden of losing a parent.",
"\n\nRather than returning to the Victory in Jesus program, Barnes remained in Providence, principally because he was able to find work as a youth counselor. ",
"The opportunity came about after the Providence basketball staff had invited him to speak at the school's summer camp. ",
"His appearance was covered by both local TV stations and the Providence Journal, which lauded his no-holds-barred style of delivering a poignant message about drugs and crime. ",
"Donna, meanwhile, decided to part ways with Marvin on good terms, staying behind in Virginia to care for her ailing mother.",
"\n\nBefore long, Barnes was being invited to talk to teenagers throughout the state. ",
"He knew he was delivering a powerful, important statement, but he wanted to do more than merely give speeches. ",
"With the financial backing of the Silna brothers, he established the Rebound Foundation in the fall of 2001. ",
"The purpose of the charitable organization was to provide counseling to at-risk juveniles in the Greater Providence area. ",
"The Silnas donated a new Lincoln Navigator to the foundation, paid rent for an office, purchased two computers, bought a condominium where Barnes could live rent-free, and provided him with a weekly salary of $700.",
"\n\nFormer Providence teammates and coaches, as well as politicians, attorneys, and prominent businessmen, were recruited to serve on the foundation's board of directors. ",
"In less than three months, Rebound opened its doors. ",
"One of the non-profit charity's first projects was the creation of a program called \"Men to Men,\" in which high school students were mentored by successful community leaders at the Metropolitan Regional Career and Technical Center on Public Street. ",
"City officials, police officers, pro athletes, judges, and corporate CEOs all enthusiastically accepted invitations to be guest speakers.",
"\n\nBarnes's work with the foundation went above and beyond running the after-school program.",
"\n\nUsing his own personal funds, he'd regularly treat his students to a meal at a nearby restaurant. \"",
"Most of my kids had it rough at home. ",
"Their dinners were usually macaroni and cheese, franks and beans, pizza, or, if they were lucky, Kentucky Fried Chicken. ",
"For them, going out to a nice place and ordering whatever they wanted was a huge deal.\"",
"\n\nIn addition, Barnes proved to be a persuasive solicitor, making cold calls at clothing stores throughout the city and convincing proprietors to donate jackets, shoes, boots, gloves, and hats to underprivileged children.",
"\n\nHe also made it his mission to procure after-school employment for teenagers who came from financially struggling families by establishing a job bank, working with city agencies, and handing out flyers to as many private business owners as possible.",
"\n\nAs the Men to Men executive director tooled around town in his black SUV that had a spare tire cover which read \"Rebound: The Spirit of Giving,\" it was not uncommon for a total stranger to call out, \"Hey, Maah-vin, real proud of you.\"",
"\n\nAs word of the foundation's good work continued to spread, checks from corporations, as well as individuals, began to roll in. ",
"These were extraordinary times for Barnes, who had not only regained his dignity but become an inspiration to the entire community.",
"\n\nBut, as with everything in his life, Bad News soon lost sight of his goal.",
"\n\nFour years after the doors opened, the good name of Rebound would be smeared by the actions of its founder when Barnes cut back on his work schedule and went on a quest for cocaine. \"",
"I honestly can't explain why I did it. ",
"Maybe I thought I could get away with taking a one-day break from staying sober,\" he would later say, \"or maybe it was because, like Donna had told me back in Houston, I was afraid to succeed.\"",
"\n\nNow willing to do absolutely anything for quick cash, he phoned Silna and managed to dupe him into sending $3,000 for a Rebound project, which, in reality, was nonexistent.",
"\n\nAlfreda, knowing full well that her brother was once again using, somehow managed to obtain Ozzie's private phone number and called him. \"",
"Please don't send any more money to my brother,\" she begged. \"",
"I know you mean well, but the cash you're giving him isn't being used for the foundation. ",
"It's all going up his nose. ",
"That's what's going on here, no matter what bullshit he's telling you. ",
"What you're doing is enabling him.\"",
"\n\nThe astute businessman with the generous heart was shattered by such a calculated act of betrayal.",
"\n\nUnaware of his sister's intervention, Marvin, running out of cash to fuel his habit, called Ozzie a few days later.",
"\n\n\"I don't have much time. ",
"What's on your mind?\" ",
"Silna asked, sounding unusually stiff and abrupt.",
"\n\n\"Well, Pops, I could use a few hundred bucks. ",
"The SUV needs some repairs and I'm a little low on cash.\"",
"\n\nSilna had heard enough. \"",
"Marvin, stop. ",
"I know you're conning me. ",
"I know you're on drugs again, and that means you're letting down a lot of kids who believe in you. ",
"Stop bothering me. ",
"And don't call me Pops. ",
"I hardly know your mother, and I certainly have never slept with her. ",
"Find someone else to pester. ",
"I'm through with you.\"",
"\n\nAll the lies and scams had finally caught up with Bad News.",
"\n\nOn December 22, 2005, Barnes was arrested at his Warwick, Rhode Island, condominium for domestic disorderly conduct. ",
"Two cops found him naked on his balcony, screaming obscenities at his girlfriend. ",
"According to police, there wasn't any physical violence and no drugs were found. ",
"However, one officer noted in his official report that \"the male resident admitted to using cocaine a few days ago.\" ",
"The misdemeanor charges were dropped three weeks later. ",
"Shortly thereafter, Barnes was evicted from his residence.",
"\n\nNot surprisingly, he was arrested again on May 15, 2006, for felony cocaine possession. ",
"A Rhode Island judge ordered him to either serve a year in prison or enter a 90-day rehab program. ",
"He chose the latter, with his lone expectation being that undergoing therapy would be a colossal waste of time.",
"\n\nNot a single relative or friend believed a stay at Treatment Solutions of South Florida in Pompano Beach, Florida, would have any long-term benefit for Barnes. ",
"This was, after all, the twentieth time he had entered rehab, which, Marvin joked, was probably a record of some sort. \"",
"Getting sober when you're stuck in a facility is easy,\" he once said. \"",
"Staying sober afterward is when I always had major problems.\"",
"\n\nCounselors showed the habitual drug abuser no empathy and offered him little hope. \"",
"There's nothing I can tell you that you haven't heard before,\" one of them told Barnes. \"",
"You'll say all the right things and try to get over on us every chance you get. ",
"You're an old pro at this. ",
"You'll sail through. ",
"But trust me, once you leave this place, you won't be able to hack it in the real world because you're nothing but a fuck-up.\"",
"\n\n\"It was one putdown after another,\" Barnes said. \"",
"They kept telling me I was beyond help. ",
"I'd say something about being determined to get clean, and they'd sit there and laugh in my face. ",
"If this was their idea of rehabilitation, I wanted out. ",
"I seriously thought of bolting, but where the hell would I go? ",
"If I went on the run and got caught, I'd have to spend another year of my life behind bars. ",
"There really was no choice but to hang in there while everyone took turns mocking me.\"",
"\n\nIn the opinion of counselors, Marvin, an addict for thirty years, wasn't going to change. ",
"His modus operandi had always been the same: get clean, get out, get wasted. ",
"The whole futile process was his twisted version of Groundhog Day, with the same pathetic plot being replayed time and time again.",
"\n\nReturning to Providence after completing rehab, Barnes underwent mandatory drug testing for six months, with the results always coming back negative. ",
"Once the testing period expired, however, he resumed his love affair with crack cocaine, just as the team of rehab therapists had predicted.",
"\n\n\"Over the years, it's been so sad and frustrating to see the guy destroy himself,\" said Barnes's basketball brother, Ernie D. \"When you talk about his problems, what you have to keep in mind is that the only person he really ever hurts is himself. ",
"His friends get on his case all the time, but not one of us ever gives up on him because we know all the good he has deep down inside.",
"\n\n\"Marvin tries to convince himself that he can do drugs and still live forever. ",
"I remember him telling me that a doctor once told him that every time a person snorts cocaine, 100,000 brain cells are destroyed. ",
"Then he smiled at me and said, 'With all the thousands of times I used coke over the years and all the millions of brain cells that I killed off, I must have been born a damn genius.'\"",
"\n\nDespite being able to make light of his addiction, Barnes realized he needed to make drastic changes in his life. \"",
"I'd been hanging around Providence, getting into a few jams,\" he said later. \"",
"A car dealer gave me a loaner, and I let a girl use it for a few days in return for some coke. ",
"When she and the car disappeared, the auto dealer called the cops. ",
"They were all set to bag me for grand larceny until Alfreda managed to find the girl and brought the car back. ",
"After that, I knew that if didn't try to get straight somehow, someway, I was going to go off the deep end and do something else crazy that would land me back in prison.\"",
"\n\nHe decided to relocate to Framingham, Massachusetts, where he rented a studio apartment. ",
"Less than a week after he had moved in, Barnes, contrite and silent, walked into an Alcoholic Anonymous meeting at the local Salvation Army.",
"\n\nAccompanied by his future sponsor, a man called Big Ike, he arrived 25 minutes late for the 7 a.m. gathering. ",
"None of the regular attendees seemed to notice as the paunchy, bald giant eased himself into a rickety wooden folding chair in the back row of seats.",
"\n\nAs soon as the meeting ended, the approximately thirty participants broke off into small informal groups to discuss their personal successes, failures, and everyday lives. ",
"Most were dressed in business attire, but some wore second-hand clothes, which were either too large or too small. ",
"Despite their diverse backgrounds, they all shared the daily battle of attempting to conquer their addictions. ",
"Barnes, looking much older than his fifty-five years, remained slumped in his chair, lost in thought as he bowed his head while taking stock of his life. ",
"After a few minutes, he struggled to stand on gimpy knees, adjusted his frayed Red Sox cap, and limped toward a coffee machine.",
"\n\nThe newcomer to the group took but a few steps before someone with a high-pitched voice began to make a commotion.",
"\n\n\"I knew it,\" shouted a middle-aged Hispanic man, pointing and waving his arms frenetically. \"",
"It's him. ",
"It's Marvin Barnes, the baddest basketball player ever to come out of New England. ",
"Providence College. ",
"All-American. ",
"Pro superstar. ",
"The greatest scorer and rebounder I've ever seen, bar none.\"",
"\n\nThe room paused to gawk as the white-whiskered stranger filled his Dunkin' Donuts coffee cup. ",
"Clearly embarrassed, he made brief eye contact, waved off the unwanted attention with a flick of his right hand, and quickly slipped out a back door.",
"\n\nWalking down a deserted side street with Big Ike, Barnes joked about the rousing welcome he had just received. \"",
"Well, so much for the Anonymous part of AA,\" the bankrupt ex-ballplayer said. \"",
"I knew I'd be recognized, but I didn't expect some wild man to be trippin' like that. ",
"I was waiting for him to get a camera so he could have his picture taken with me. ",
"You can be sure that'll happen when I show up tomorrow. ",
"Bet he'll want a few autographs, too. ",
"But, hey, at least I'm still remembered.\"",
"\n\nFor the next six years, Barnes kept his vow not to use drugs or alcohol. ",
"No longer did he place much value in the ancient basketball trophies, dusty award plaques, and faded yellow newspaper clippings that had been stored in cardboard boxes. ",
"Instead, his most prized possessions, the half-dozen metal-plated chips he had received at AA to commemorate the anniversaries of his sobriety, were always kept in his right front pants pocket as a constant reminder of his achievements.",
"\n\nAt the group assemblies, Barnes was both observant and compassionate, commanding the room like a seasoned politician. ",
"He had a knack for remembering names and took the time to make sure his fellow 12-steppers were all staying on the righteous path. \"",
"When I see someone who is in pain, I give them my phone number and tell them to call me day or night if they want to talk privately. ",
"I need these meetings. ",
"I need to go to church. ",
"They're both sanctuaries for sinners, and I've definitely committed more than my fair share of sins.\"",
"\nTwenty-Two\n\n\"THE RACE\"\n\nWhen Providence College officials announced that Barnes's basketball jersey would be raised to the rafters at the Dunkin' Donuts Center on March 8, 2008, the alumni reaction was predictably mixed. ",
"Some believed the honor was decades overdue; others thought such a tribute should never take place, not for a three-time convicted felon.",
"\n\nDespite a flurry of negative publicity, the school stood firm. ",
"As the ceremony date approached, the 1974 All-American was asked to select someone who had a meaningful impact on his life to introduce him at the alumni's awards banquet, which was to be held on the night before the jersey ceremony. ",
"Without hesitation, Barnes chose Allan Baker, his college teammate and roommate, to deliver the speech because they shared far more than fond memories of their four years as Friars: the close friends were both recovering cocaine addicts.",
"\n\nAt age fifty-two, Baker, a senior vice president at multibillion-dollar financial conglomerate ING and a member of Providence College's Board of Trustees, was forced to resign from both positions after he had become hooked on coke and was caught red-handed making a buy in a Hartford, Connecticut, suburb in 2004.",
"\n\nBy day, the 6-foot-6 former power forward for the Friars had been a wealthy corporate executive, highly respected as a church-going family man and a role model in the African American community. ",
"By night, he had been known simply as \"Big Al with the Mercedes\" or \"Uncle Al,\" code names given to him by his street dealers. ",
"Foolishly, he had thought he was too intelligent, too mentally strong to allow the white powder to become the focus of his life.",
"\n\nThe media scrutiny intensified when in late 2005, a federal grand jury handed down an indictment against the humiliated recipient of three honorary doctorate degrees, charging him with conspiracy to buy and distribute more than five grams of the drug. ",
"On TV stations throughout New England, Baker's secret life was the top story on the 11 p.m. news. ",
"The banner headline in the Providence Journal read \"Ex-PC Cager Faces Trial on Drug Charges,\" while the Hartford Courant's front-page article was entitled \"Another Side of a Go-To Guy.\"",
"\n\nThrough rehab, prayer, and the unwavering support of family and friends, Baker eventually regained his sobriety and self-respect.",
"\n\nAlthough the fallen former business leader had been drug-free for more than three years, many Providence administrators were openly critical of the athletic department's decision to allow him to speak at the school-sponsored event. ",
"In fact, Barnes's former coach, Dave Gavitt, did his best to sway the Friars' all-time leading rebounder into making a more politically correct choice. \"",
"You're asking for trouble, Marvin,\" he said. \"",
"The alumni are going to say, 'That's just great. ",
"PC's got one addict introducing another.'\"",
"\n\nBarnes, however, refused to budge.",
"\n\nSo when Baker, head held high, strode across the stage to deliver his address at the podium, the atmosphere in the packed Westin Hotel ballroom was eerily tense. ",
"No one in the audience was quite sure what to expect. ",
"Most assumed he would play it safe, running down the list of Barnes's basketball accomplishments and reminiscing about PC's 1973 Final Four season. ",
"Instead, the highly experienced public speaker surprised everyone by discussing \"The Race,\" a poem by D. H. Groberg that dealt with overcoming adversity. ",
"The concluding verses read as follows:\n\nSo anxious to restore himself, to catch up and to win,\n\nHis mind went faster than his legs; he slipped and fell again.",
"\n\nHe wished that he had quit before with only one disgrace,\n\n\"I'm hopeless as a runner now, I shouldn't try to race.\"",
"\n\nBut through the laughing crowd he searched and found his father's face.",
"\n\nWith a steady look that said again, \"Get up and win that race!\"",
"\n\nSo he jumped up to try again, ten yards behind the last.",
"\n\n\"If I'm to gain those yards,\" he thought, \"I've got to run real fast.\"",
"\n\nExceeding everything he had, he regained eight, then ten...\n\nBut trying hard to catch the lead, he slipped and fell again.",
"\n\n\"I've lost so what's the use?\" ",
"he thought. \"",
"I'll live with my disgrace.\"",
"\n\nBut then he thought about his dad, who soon he'd have to face.",
"\n\n\"Get up,\" an echo sounded low, \"you haven't lost at all,\n\nFor all you have to do to win is rise each time you fall.\"",
"\n\nThree times he'd fallen stumbling, three times he rose again.",
"\n\nToo far behind to hope to win, he still ran to the end.",
"\n\nThey cheered another boy who crossed the line and won first place,\n\nHead high and proud and happy—no falling, no disgrace.",
"\n\nBut when the fallen youngster crossed the line, in last place,\n\nThe crowd gave him a greater cheer for finishing the race.",
"\n\nAnd to his dad he sadly said, \"I didn't do so well.\"",
"\n\n\"To me, you won,\" his father said. \"",
"You rose each time you fell.\"",
"\n\nAs soon as the moving speech had ended, Barnes leaned over to DiGregorio, who was also being honored that night, and said, \"Damn, that's me. ",
"I'm that little kid. ",
"And I'm still running the race, baby.\"",
"\n\nEncouraged by the warm, unbridled show of support he had received at the event, Barnes ramped up his efforts to rebuild the Rebound Foundation and its Men to Men program. ",
"Although almost all of the charity's former backers were no longer willing to dig deep for donations, Ozzie Silna was still on board, agreeing to provide the necessary funding to get the organization up and running again.",
"\n\n\"I have a calling in life,\" Barnes said. \"",
"I'm never going to be rich, but Rebound's message is going to come across loud and clear. ",
"Providence is a rough town. ",
"You got gangs, you got crime, and you got unemployment and poverty. ",
"With today's economy being so shaky, the West End reminds me of when I was growing up. ",
"Walk through my old neighborhood and you still see boarded-up stores on almost every other block and houses that no one in their right mind would want to live in. ",
"The kids in my program will face the same problems I did back in the sixties. ",
"They need a reason to have hope. ",
"They need to understand that they can make something of themselves if they get an education and stay out of trouble.\"",
"\n\nAfter restarting the Men to Men program, Barnes not only brought in civic leaders and pro athletes as speakers, but sought out people he referred to as the devil's helpers—thieves, drug addicts and pushers, former gang bangers, and ex-cons—to give scared straight talks to the teenagers.",
"\n\nOne guest lecturer, a thirty-five-year-old former heroin user, told of having contracted Hepatitis C from contaminated needles. \"",
"It can take years for the symptoms to show,\" he said. \"",
"By then, your liver's shot and your skin is turning yellow. ",
"Once you get the virus, you'll always be a carrier.\"",
"\n\nA baby-faced former petty thief, only twenty-four years old, painfully recalled the fear he experienced while incarcerated at ACI. ",
"Voice trembling, he compared his relatively short stay in prison to witnessing a series of pit bull attacks. \"",
"These guys go for the throat and they don't let go. ",
"I saw violence every single day. ",
"You're scared shitless, but you can't show it. ",
"You have to watch your back 24/7 because you can't trust anybody. ",
"Is that really what you want for yourself?\"",
"\n\nBarnes fully realized the stories of brutality were traumatic for the teenagers to hear. \"",
"But I want to keep things raw,\" he said. \"",
"My kids have to understand the consequences of hanging with the wrong crowd. ",
"They need to see that prisons are deathtraps. ",
"I want them to know there's no such thing as a 'friend' behind bars. ",
"When you're locked up, your life could be snuffed out because of a small disagreement or just because someone might not like how you handle yourself.\"",
"\n\nTo demonstrate the animalistic viciousness that can occur on a cellblock, Barnes showed his students a grainy video of a black inmate being stabbed sixty-seven times by a white prisoner. \"",
"It was gruesome. ",
"Some of my kids couldn't watch the whole thing. ",
"But I wanted to drive home my point, so I played it for them again. ",
"Every one of them wanted to leave, but I wouldn't let them until they watched the entire attack. ",
"When it was over, I raised my voice and told the kids, \"Life ain't no damn dress rehearsal. ",
"You get one chance to do things right. ",
"You screw up and, in seconds, your life can be taken away.'\"",
"\n\nAnother time the class was introduced to a parolee who had served six years for assault. ",
"The thirty-seven-year-old felon told his story in a few sentences. \"",
"I ran with a tough crowd and thought I had to show people I was a bad ass. ",
"By the time I was eighteen, my future was ruined. ",
"You can't get involved with crime, even minor things, because once you start making stupid decisions, you won't stop until you land in prison for something big, just like I did.\"",
"\n\nWhen one of the students timidly asked whether homosexual activity really occurred in prison, the ex-con, with the impassive, wide-eyed look of a madman, said, \"When it comes to life in a cellblock, a lot of inmates doing years and years of hard time figure they've got to make do with what's available. ",
"Does that answer your question?\"",
"\n\nBarnes also brought his pupils to a funeral home where the owner described the unforgettable aura of pain and sadness at wakes held for teenagers who had died as a result of street violence. \"",
"I see the shock on the parents' faces. ",
"There are no words that can comfort them,\" the undertaker said. \"",
"It's impossible for them to comprehend how their sons and daughters could end up in a coffin at such a young age. ",
"The worst thing is that these wakes occur far too frequently—and still the bloodshed continues. ",
"None of it makes any sense to me. ",
"The most difficult part of my job is when I look down at the body of a victim and realize this child will have no more tomorrows.\"",
"\n\nDavid Banda, who today is a residential case manager at the Providence Center, was in Barnes's first Men to Men program. \"",
"Getting to meet a sports legend was a thrill, but once we understood what the program was all about, the hero worshiping stopped. ",
"Mr. Barnes—that's what we called him out of respect—was no longer a celebrity; he was our mentor. ",
"He made it clear he was there for a serious reason: to show us through his own experiences why making poor choices in life will destroy you bit by bit.\"",
"\n\nOf all the speakers who participated in the program, the one who impressed Banda the most was Barnes himself. \"",
"He was ultra-intense,\" the twenty-two-year-old social worker says. \"",
"He called himself an idiot for ever getting involved in crime, drugs, and gangs. ",
"Before and after each class, he'd talk privately to students about how they were doing in school and at home. ",
"No matter what problems we had, he was willing to help.\"",
"\n\nChristian Quinonez, who was a straight-A senior at the Met School, also attended Men to Men classes. ",
"Now a full-time teaching assistant in the Providence school system, he plans to earn an education degree from the University of Rhode Island. \"",
"Mr. Barnes did so much for me and all the students in Men to Men. ",
"He told us over and over again that if we have a personal problem, go talk with him or any other counselor at the school. ",
"He reminded us over and over again that there's never any shame in asking for help.\"",
"\n\nApproximately twice a month, Barnes spoke at Rhode Island schools, basketball camps, and juvenile detention centers. ",
"At one such event held at Central Falls High, two hundred upper classmen gazed up at the relaxed, smiling lecturer as he stood alone on a stage. ",
"For the first five minutes of his address, he was articulate and soft spoken, introducing himself by describing his past life as a wealthy basketball star. ",
"Once he had captured the attention of his audience, he abruptly morphed into Bad News, the former juvenile delinquent, the ex-con, the homeless person, the recovering drug addict. ",
"Shifting into the language of the ghetto and liberally using street terms to emphasize the inevitably grim consequences of being a \"thug,\" he spared no details as he recounted his mortifying experiences.",
"\n\n\"I was a dope,\" he said as he moved slowly up and down the aisles of the school's auditorium, staring into the eyes of random adolescents. \"",
"I thought drugs were cool. ",
"But drugs took away my future and left me with nothing. ",
"Think using cocaine or marijuana makes you cool? ",
"Ain't a damn thing cool about being locked up in a cage.",
"\n\n\"You think you're tough? ",
"You have no idea what tough is until you spend time in prison. ",
"I was behind bars for five years, and each and every day I saw violence.\"",
"\n\nHis voice filled with emotion, Barnes told of having visited the son of a neighborhood friend in a hospital. \"",
"The kid—he was about your age—had been shot in the head the night before. ",
"When I went to see him, he was in a coma, not expected to make it. ",
"I stood next to him and noticed he had the words \"THUG LIFE\" tattooed on his right arm. ",
"Let me tell you, thug life is a game that's designed for you to lose.",
"\n\n\"The same young man I just told you about had $1,700 in his wallet when he got shot, probably money he'd got by pushing drugs. ",
"What good is all that cash to him now that he's lying in a hospital bed with a bullet lodged in his brain?",
"\n\n\"Everybody starts using weed, coke, or booze to have a good time with their boys. ",
"But I'm here to tell you that no matter how close a drug abuser is to his friends, there are two things he's going to have to face alone: prison and death.\"",
"\n\nThe Men to Men program was receiving widespread recognition from public officials, the media, and the students themselves. ",
"One glowing article in the Providence Journal caught the attention of an executive with a New York–based speakers bureau, who after viewing a videotape of one of Barnes's riveting ad-lib talks, sent him a contract proposal. ",
"In addition, he was contacted by the NBA Retired Players Association, which was interested in discussing a possible job opportunity.",
"\n\nPerhaps the biggest ego booster came in October of 2013, when ESPN released Free Spirits, a 30 for 30 documentary directed by ten-time Emmy Award–winner Dan Forer. ",
"The one-hour film chronicled the two-year existence of the ABA's Spirits of St. Louis and prominently featured numerous vignettes about Barnes's immense talent and his oftentimes outrageous conduct.",
"\n\nGiven all the encouraging recent developments, the Rebound Foundation president believed the timing was ideal for expansion. \"",
"I'm going to bring the Men to Men program to Boston and Worcester,\" he told a reporter. \"",
"I've got community leaders all lined up and ready to come on board.\"",
"\n\nBut the grandiose plans would be shelved due to events that occurred between Wednesday, January 12, and Monday, January 17, 2012.",
"\n\nA potential serious legal matter developed after Barnes, by chance, encountered a female student in a Met High hallway moments before his class was scheduled to begin. ",
"During a two-minute conversation, he asked the girl if she was a model. ",
"When she replied that it was her goal to pursue a career in that field, the school counselor mentioned that he knew some people who could offer advice.",
"\n\nBefore entering his classroom, Barnes handed her a Rebound business card and told her to call him to discuss her ambitions further. ",
"Over the next three days, the two exchanged phone calls and text messages.",
"\n\nOn Sunday, January 16, the girl—who was seventeen years old—and her mother filed a complaint at the Cranston Police Department headquarters, alleging harassment and inappropriate communication by Barnes. ",
"According to a police report, the juvenile said the initial topic of conversation was about modeling but the talk quickly evolved into a discussion \"of a sexual nature.\"",
"\n\nShe further alleged that the teacher, as she described Barnes to police, mentioned that if the two of them had sex, he would give her $200. ",
"According to the student, he sent her a $50 MoneyGram \"to prove he was serious.\"",
"\n\nOn the morning of Monday, January 17, Barnes called the girl's cell phone and asked to meet her at the Coffee Bean Express in Cranston at noon. ",
"Before leaving for the appointment, she was wired by police. ",
"At the same time, Cranston and Providence detectives were setting up surveillance at the cafe.",
"\n\nAfter Barnes entered the store, he casually greeted the student and sat down with her at a back table. ",
"While they were talking, detectives approached and asked if they could speak to him privately outside.",
"\n\nAs soon as Barnes stepped onto the sidewalk, he was taken into custody without incident and transported to the Cranston Police headquarters, where he was read his rights and interrogated.",
"\n\nDuring his interview with the detectives, Barnes denied making any sexual advances to the girl. ",
"Although he acknowledged having wired her $50, he said she had asked him for a $150 personal loan in a text message that he still had saved on his cell phone. \"",
"I told her I could help her out with $50 but that she would have to ask her father or someone else for the rest of the money,\" he stated. ",
"According to a police report, the Men to Men program director admitted that the entire situation was \"a case of bad judgment\" on his part. ",
"Despite being confronted with the fact that phone conversations between him and the student had been recorded, Barnes steadfastly denied any wrongdoing. ",
"At the conclusion of the questioning, he was charged with one felony count of indecent solicitation of a child and was released on $5,000 personal recognizance.",
"\n\nFollowing media reports of the arrest, the Met School announced that the Men to Men program was being terminated and that Barnes had been fired. ",
"Providence sports talk show callers, except for those who believed in the presumption of innocence, were outraged. \"",
"I'm sick and tired of hearing that loser's name,\" one listener said. \"",
"He's an embarrassment. ",
"Always has been.\"",
"\n\nIn a telephone interview with an Associated Press reporter, Barnes said the charge against him \"were bogus. ",
"I didn't meet with the girl to have sex. ",
"I don't pursue young girls. ",
"I'm not a stalker, a pedophile, or a pervert.\"",
"\n\nOver the course of the next 18 months, there were numerous postponements of the criminal court case. ",
"With each delay, Barnes, who had moved into a spare bedroom at my house in November of 2011, became more agitated. \"",
"This whole thing is a setup. ",
"She told the cops that she Googled my name on the day she first met me and found out I was a former NBA player. ",
"Two days later, she's filing a complaint that I propositioned her. ",
"What a crock,\" he told anyone willing to listen to his version of events. \"",
"I need to clear my name and get on with my life.\"",
"\n\nIn early 2014, the pressure of waiting for a trial began to take both a mental and physical toll on Barnes. ",
"He broke up with his longtime girlfriend, stopped going to AA and NA meetings, and began to experience major health issues. ",
"Twice he was admitted to Framingham Union Hospital for treatment of dangerously high blood pressure and heart palpitations. ",
"Following what was supposed to be a routine physical exam by a urologist at the Lahey Clinic in Burlington, Massachusetts, he was ordered to undergo extensive testing, including a biopsy, to determine the cause of consistently elevated PSA levels, a possible indication of prostate cancer.",
"\n\nFull-blown depression began to set in. ",
"Hibernating in his room for days at a time, Barnes did little but watch bootleg DVDs and sleep on an unmade bed for up to fourteen hours a day. ",
"Piles of dirty clothes, dozens of crushed cigarette packs, and unopened mail, mostly letters from bill collectors, covered his grape juice-stained wall-to-wall carpet. ",
"His \"meals\" consisted of peanut butter and bacon sandwiches or boiled hot dogs, salt and vinegar potato chips, miniature Table Talk pies, orange soda, and an occasional pizza.",
"\n\nFor three weeks he kept his cell phone turned off, cutting off all ties to the outside world. ",
"The ominous brooding escalated rapidly once Barnes added a six-pack of Heinekens to his daily diet, unsuccessfully attempting to conceal his drinking from me by burying his empties beneath a pile of crumpled newspapers at the bottom of a garbage can.",
"\n\nWhen I confronted him about his alcohol consumption, he trivialized the matter, one of his standard defensive tactics. \"",
"Ain't no big thing. ",
"I can handle a couple cans of beer. ",
"Don't sweat it.\"",
"\n\n\"You're talking to the wrong guy,\" I told him. \"",
"The first day you moved in here, we made a deal: no drinking, no drugs. ",
"My house, my rules. ",
"What I'll never understand is why you're willing to throw away six years of sobriety.\"",
"\n\nHis only response was a dismissive shrug of the shoulders.",
"\n\nSeveral weeks later, Barnes's behavior became even more bizarre. ",
"Almost every night he'd leave the house at 10 p.m. and return after sunrise, immediately retreating to his room until the next evening. ",
"As I was leaving for work one morning, I observed that his SUV was parked on the street, with its right wheels up on the curb. ",
"The motor was running, the satellite radio was blaring, and the driver's door was wide open. ",
"Slouched in the reclining seat behind the steering wheel was Barnes, passed out. ",
"It took me a full five minutes to wake him, and when he did come to, he was confused and incoherent. ",
"When I asked what drug he had been using, he ignored the question and stutter-stepped his way across the lawn and into the house.",
"\n\nThat same day I called Damian Farley, a retired DEA agent who had been one of my law enforcement sources, to seek his advice about how to help Barnes. \"",
"Look, we're dealing with an epidemic, one that's spreading like wildfire. ",
"The estimate is that 50,000 people nationwide will die next year from drug overdoses. ",
"In my opinion, that's a conservative projection,\" he said. \"",
"At least once a month I hear from someone I know personally who has a family member hooked on cocaine, meth, heroin, or prescription drugs. ",
"Every one of them is in a complete state of panic. ",
"They want to know how to get through to their son, their daughter, their spouse, or even a parent. ",
"I give them all the same advice: offer support and encouragement, but don't give them any money and don't show the slightest bit of sympathy. ",
"Unfortunately, there's nothing anyone can do for an addict until that person hits rock bottom—and there's no way of predicting when that moment may come.\"",
"\n\nOne telltale sign that Barnes was getting high on a daily basis was that he was rapidly accumulating sizeable debts. ",
"Despite receiving $1,878 in monthly disability payments from the government, he owed more than $3,000 on his leased SUV and $1,800 on his cell phone, both of which were registered in the name of Rebound.",
"\n\nOf course, he could still rely on Silna for financial assistance. ",
"In 2013, the seventy-nine-year-old philanthropist had donated more than $20,000 to the foundation, which, unbeknownst to him, had been inactive for the entire year. ",
"And now in spring 2014, Barnes was using the charity's cash reserves as his own personal slush fund, draining every cent from the non-profit's checking account in order to fund his cocaine purchases.",
"\n\nAdditionally, he sold his 36-inch Sony HDTV and a two-year-old Hewlett Packard desktop computer for a total of $350. ",
"Out of desperation, he pawned his most valued personal possession: a glass-encased red, white, and blue game ball that had been autographed for him by 27 of the 30 all-time greatest players in ABA history at the 1997 reunion in Indianapolis. ",
"The unique collector's item fetched only $125.",
"\n\nOne night I came home to find Barnes and a grungy stranger smoking crack in my living room. \"",
"Marvin, get your dope-dealing pal out of here before I call the cops,\" I yelled. \"",
"I'm tired of you spitting in my face. ",
"Either check into rehab or pack your bags.\"",
"\n\nHe apologized the next day and began out-patient treatment at AdCare Hospital in Worcester, Massachusetts. ",
"After his second day in the program, he came home with a fellow rehab patient and proceeded to get high. ",
"Watching him bounce off the hallway walls, I laced into him.",
"\n\n\"You've finally worn me out,\" I told him. \"",
"Obviously, you're not serious about wanting help. ",
"Shit, you couldn't even stay straight for forty-eight freaking hours.\"",
"\n\n\"All I did was take a Percocet and a couple Klonopins to help me relax,\" he said, trying to minimize and mitigate his actions.",
"\n\n\"What a crock. ",
"Now you're trying to tell me that popping a few pills is harmless. ",
"You think I haven't figured out that you're buying prescription meds from somebody? ",
"You think I'm believing all your bullshit? ",
"Marvin, it's time for you to go.\"",
"\n\nAnd with that, Barnes packed a suitcase and left without saying a word.",
"\n\nTwo weeks later, he called me from AdCare, where he had checked in to receive in-patient care. \"",
"I'm getting back to being my old self,\" Marvin said. \"",
"You were right. ",
"I needed this. ",
"When they release me, I'm going to drive down to my mother's house and enter the Day Treatment Program at Roger Williams Medical Center. ",
"Just wanted to let you know that I've got things under control.\"",
"\nEPILOGUE\n\nThe torturous 20-month wait was about to end. ",
"Barnes was finally going to receive the opportunity to defend himself against a felony charge of solicitation of a child, a seventeen-year-old girl.",
"\n\nFour days prior to his scheduled appearance in Rhode Island Superior Court, he called me from Providence. ",
"It was the first time we had spoken in three months.",
"\n\n\"Hey, Mikey, I'm going to war. ",
"Got to be in court at 9 a.m. on Monday. ",
"You coming down?\" ",
"he asked. \"",
"I need you in my corner, man.\"",
"\n\n\"I'll be there,\" I told him, \"but tell me how you're doing.\"",
"\n\n\"Staying strong,\" he said, reciting his favorite catchphrase. \"",
"I had a couple little slips, but once I win this case, I'm going down to Virginia and get treatment in the Victory in Jesus program. ",
"God's honest truth.\"",
"\n\nHis slurred words and jittery speech pattern left no doubt in my mind that he was high at that very moment.",
"\n\n\"Marvin, do yourself a favor and lay off the drugs,\" I said. ",
"You've got to be totally straight when you walk into court.\"",
"\n\n\"Just wanted to check in. ",
"Love ya, brother,\" he said before abruptly hanging up.",
"\n\nEntering the brick-faced courthouse on September 8, 2014, I headed to the Clerk's Office where an employee looked up Barnes's case number on his computer and directed me to Part Four of the Criminal Division.",
"\n\nFrom the doorway of Judge Jeffrey Lanphear's courtroom, I scanned the rows of spectator benches, hoping to spot Marvin. ",
"There was no sign of him.",
"\n\nI asked a court officer if the case might have been postponed. ",
"He flipped through his copy of the judge's docket and said, \"I don't see Marvin Barnes's name at all. ",
"Even if the trial got pushed back, it would be listed in these papers. ",
"It's strange that the Clerk's Office told you it was scheduled for today.\"",
"\n\nOutside the courthouse, I phoned Barnes. ",
"My call went straight to voicemail. ",
"There was nothing I could do but head back to Boston.",
"\n\nFive minutes into the drive up Interstate 95, my cell phone rang. ",
"The call was from Barnes's ex-wife, Debbe. \"",
"Mike, Marvin passed away early this morning,\" she said, sobbing while barely being able to get the words out. \"",
"Some guy he was staying with in Providence found him lying in bed and couldn't wake him up. ",
"By the time the EMTs arrived, there was nothing that could be done.\"",
"\n\nI expressed my sympathy to her but didn't bother to ask what the cause of death was. ",
"I already knew. ",
"Directly or indirectly, cocaine had claimed another victim. (",
"Two months later, the Rhode Island Medical Examiner's Office ruled that Barnes had died from \"acute cocaine and heroin intoxication.\")",
"\n\nCan't say I was shocked by the news of his passing. ",
"Just the opposite, I saw this coming months ago. ",
"My hunch was that Marvin did too.",
"\n\nMy mind raced back to the final month of his stay at my home. ",
"I remembered, almost word for word, one particular heated exchange between us that took place on the day I had discovered he had gone back to using coke. ",
"As we yelled back and forth, I called him a \"useless junkie\" simply to get a rise out of him.",
"\n\n\"Stop calling me names,\" he shouted back. \"",
"What you just don't get is that I have a disease.\"",
"\n\n\"Yeah, but it's a treatable disease,\" I said. \"",
"Quit making excuses, stop feeling sorry for yourself, and go get some professional help before all the cocaine that you're putting into your system kills you.\"",
"\n\nSadly, my words of warning had suddenly turned into a haunting prophecy.",
"\n\nWhen I arrived home, I phoned Bob Costas. ",
"He had already heard the news. \"",
"Unfortunately, Marvin's epitaph is going to read: 'Squandered Talent,'\" he said. \"",
"It's always been my belief that had he lived up to his potential, he would have made it into the Hall of Fame. ",
"That's how much natural ability he had.",
"\n\n\"Wherever Marvin played, he created one problem after another. ",
"Still, his charisma, charm, and tremendous sense of humor made him such an affable person that coaches and teammates, with a few exceptions, were always willing to overlook his character flaws.\"",
"\n\nAs I opened the door to the bedroom where Marvin had stayed, my eyes were drawn to the lone memento remaining on his bureau: a large gold-framed picture of him smiling, surrounded by a group of ten teenagers who were in the Men to Men program. ",
"The black and white photo spoke volumes about how proud he had been to have made such a meaningful impact on so many young people's lives.",
"\n\nNow those noble efforts had ended in tragic irony: The ultimate lesson he taught his students about the dangers of drugs had come through his own death.",
"\n\nI recalled the many times he had discussed his efforts to defeat what he perceived as insidious evil spirits that sought to shred his willpower. \"",
"It's like I can hear them calling out my name, trying to sucker me into their trap and destroy me, body and soul,\" Marvin once said. \"",
"With my addiction, I can never say 'I won the war.' ",
"I just have to be a soldier, ready to stand up and fight a new battle every day until they give up and disappear.\"",
"\n\nBut in his case, whether he realized it or not, those insidious demons never vanished. ",
"Instead, they lurked in the back of his mind, waiting patiently for the perfect moment to strike. ",
"It took forty years, but they had accomplished their mission.",
"\n\nIn the early morning hours of September 8, 2014, Marvin Barnes finally hit rock bottom. ",
"There would be no miraculous, uplifting ending to his life story. ",
"For him, \"The Race\" had ended all too soon.",
"\nACKNOWLEDGMENTS\n\nThe author would like thank NBC broadcaster Bob Costas, \"the voice\" of the Spirits of St. Louis, for his invaluable input and encouragement. ",
"Special thanks to Gil Haylon for his research and writing assistance, and to ten-time Emmy Award–winning filmmaker Dan Forer, producer of the 30 for 30 documentary Free Spirits. ",
"Also to Art Garcia, assistant athletic director for communications at Texas-Arlington, and to retired Boston Globe reporter Bob Duffy. ",
"Without a doubt, Terry Pluto's classic book, Loose Balls, was a virtual encyclopedia on the ABA. ",
"Also, Providence Journal columnist Bill Reynolds's extensive coverage of Barnes's struggles through the years was also a key resource. ",
"Much thanks to my editor, Jason Katzman.",
"\n\nAmong others who provided insightful advice were: Mark Vancil, co-author of Michael Jordan's autobiography, Rare Air; highly acclaimed author Leigh Montville; Lew Freedman, author of Dynasty: The Rise of the Boston Celtics; Virginian Pilot columnist Ed Miller; Michael McClellan, co-author of Boston Celtics: Where Have They Gone?; ",
"retired Boston Herald and Baltimore Sun news editor Tom Gibbons; Mark Purdy of the San Jose Mercury News; Houston Chronicle columnist Michael Murphy; Dave Whitehorn of Newsday; and Shira Springer and Bob Ryan of the Boston Globe.",
"\n\nThanks also to Rick and Donna Carlisle, Bill Walton, Julius Erving, Derek Sanderson, Ernie DiGregorio, Kevin Stacom, Mark McAndrew, Fran Costello, the late Dave Gavitt, the late Dr. Jack Ramsay, the late John Bach, Doug Collins, Ed Ratleff, Tommy Heinsohn, Tom Henderson, Charles Grantham, Wally Rooney, John Lucas, the late Ozzie Silna, the late Harry Weltman, Gus Gerard, Steve \"Snapper\" Jones, Ron Boone, Mike D'Antoni, Don Chaney, Mike Barr, Barry Parkhill, M. L. Carr, Freddie Lewis, the late Maurice Lucas, Dave Cowens, Larry Brown, Herb Brown, Doug Moe, Tom \"Satch\" Sanders, Gene Shue, Oscar Feldman, Bob MacKinnon Jr., Dave Lewin, Hubie Brown, Jan Volk, Rick Weitzman, John Y. Brown, Roosevelt Becton, Providence SID Arthur Parks, John Treacy, Jane Ford, and the late Jimmy Adams.",
"\n\nAlso critical to the book's accuracy was the cooperation of law enforcement officials Damian Farley Sr., ",
"Mike Reap, Richard Byrne, Chuck Visco, Patrick Lynch, Det. ",
"Richard Vogel, Brendan Doherty, Gregg Schwarz, Herman Groman, and the late Dan McCarthy.",
"\n\nThe author would like to acknowledge the assistance of Derek and Renate Vogel, Preston and Joan Carlisle, Attorney Bill Carlisle, Jack Fox, Attorney Ryan Lewis, Ashley and Jill Wipfler, John Dennis, Don Worden, Sean Downey, Ron Kolodziej, George Hailer, Glenn Frank, Erik Hailer, Valerie Pawson, Casey Gibbons, Phil Wall, Tom Norton, Evan Kulak, Michael Russell, Joseph Ingegneri, Ginny Alverson, Damian Farley Jr., Brett Tyson, Dan and Paul Graham, Paul Nichols, Mike Wile, Keith Levitre, Pauline Downing, Jim Katz, Kenny Katz, Greg McGinty, Michael and Brendan McGinty, Chris Ensminger, Greg Lynch, Bill DeMedio, Leslie Droogan, Suzanne Rosenwasser, Andy Curtis, Dr. Arnold Scheller, and Gail Weisberg.",
"\n\nA wide-open Marvin Barnes (No. ",
"24) nails a 15-foot jumper in a 101–65 Providence victory over St. Francis College of New York on February 16, 1974, at the Civic Center.",
"\n\nAs Austin Peay defenders Percy Howard (23) and Fly Williams (35) move in too late, Barnes knocks down a clutch basket that helped Providence gain a 94–92 win on December 15, 1973. ",
"For the game, the Friar center set team records for most field goals (23) and most points (52). ",
"He also totaled 19 rebounds.",
"\n\nBarnes boxes out an Austin Peay defender and scores on a rebound tip-in.",
"\n\nSoaring above an opponent, Barnes blocks a layup attempt by swatting the ball off the backboard.",
"\n\nPhotos courtesy of Thomas F. Maguire Jr.\n\nProvidence co-captains Kevin Stacom (25) and Marvin Barnes are interviewed after a victory at the Civic Center. ",
"For the 1973–74 regular season, the team achieved a 16–0 home record.",
"\n\nBarnes drives past a defender and flips in an uncontested layup.",
"\n\nEasily controlling the opening tipoff against St. Francis College of New York, Barnes looks to gain an early mental (and physical) advantage.",
"\n\nPhotos courtesy of Thomas F. Maguire Jr.\n\nAt his introductory press conference in St. Louis, Barnes wears a construction hardhat as a gesture to show he meant no disrespect to working men when he told a Providence reporter that he'd \"rather work in a factory\" than play pro basketball for less than a million dollars.",
"\n\nPrincipal Spirits owner Ozzie Silna is flanked by brother Danny, co-owner of the team (on right), and General Manager Harry Weltman (on left) as the management team discusses the signing of Barnes.",
"\n\nAs Barnes and an opponent square off, Spirits teammate Maurice Lucas steps in before any punches could be exchanged. ",
"Barnes usually wasn't the one to start a fight, but would be the first to stand up for a teammate.",
"\n\nWatching intently from the Spirits bench are (from left) guard Mike Barr, Barnes, forward Eugene \"Goo\" Kennedy, and guard Steve \"Snapper\" Jones.",
"\n\nJulius Erving, a.k.a. \"",
"Dr. J,\" displays perfect form as he releases a pull-up jumper over Barnes and Spirits captain Freddie Lewis.",
"\n\nDriving down the lane, Barnes releases a running hook shot over Nets forward Julius Erving (32) while St. Louis power forward Maurice Lucas (20) positions himself near the basket for a possible rebound.",
"\n\nAlways a showman, Barnes throws down an emphatic slam.",
"\n\nBarnes, who wore \"Marvin\" on the back of his jersey, stretches prior to tipoff.",
"\n\nGolden State Warriors forward E. C. Coleman (12) seals off the lane as power forward Barnes, now with the Detroit Pistons, looks for an opening.",
"\n\nDetroit head coach Herb Brown restrains Barnes after the forward was shoved from behind while attempting a dunk.",
"\n\nBarnes (8), playing for the Buffalo Braves, banks in a short jumper as Houston Rockets defenders Kevin Kunnert (44) and John Lucas (15) are both caught flatfooted.",
"\n\nPortland Trail Blazer Maurice Lucas attempts to squeeze past a Celtics tandem of Barnes (27) and guard Chris Ford (42).",
"\n\nPhotos courtesy of AP Images\n\nA smiling youngster looks on as Barnes signs an autograph for him following a Spirits win at the St. Louis Arena.",
"\n\nLegends (from left to right) Connie Hawkins, Marvin Barnes, Julius Erving, Charlie Scott, and George Gervin pose for a picture at the ABA's 30th anniversary banquet on August 23, 1997.",
"\n"
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[
"\nReuters is reporting that China has committed to provide $6.5 billion in financing for the construction of Pakistan’s nuclear power plant in Karachi. ",
"Reuters cites both Pakistani officials and Chinese officials as well as financing documents from China National Nuclear Cooperation (CNNC) as confirmation. ",
"Ansar Parvez, the chairman of the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission, told Reuters that the plant is scheduled to be completed in in 2019. ",
"Each of the plant’s two reactors will provide more power than all of Pakistan’s current nuclear reactors combined.",
"\n\nPakistan considers nuclear energy as a key component of its long-term energy plan. ",
"It’s hoped that nuclear energy can provide a solution for Pakistan’s chronic power shortages. ",
"However, other countries, notably the United States, have been reluctant to provide assistance for Pakistan’s nuclear power efforts, citing concerns over proliferation. ",
"Many Western nations have distrusted Pakistan’s atomic energy sector ever since Abdul Qadeer Khan, considered the father of Pakistan’s nuclear program, admitted in 2004 that he had passed nuclear secrets on to Iran and Libya.",
"\n\nChina, however, has been willing to provide Pakistan with assistance for nuclear power projects. ",
"The two countries have a historically close relationship. ",
"When Chinese Premier Li Keqiang visited Pakistan in May, he repeated the formula that China and Pakistan are “all-weather strategic partners.” ",
"Li also promised that “China would firmly consolidate and develop China-Pakistan relations no matter how the international and regional situation changes.”",
"\n\nAs a further sign of China’s commitment to Pakistan, Ma Yaou, China’s Consul General in Karachi (future home of the nuclear plant), wrote an editorial for The Express Tribune titled “Much scope for Pak-China collaboration.” ",
"Ma described China’s upcoming reform efforts, and concluded that “China and Pakistan are two highly complementary economies with huge potential for deeper cooperation.” ",
"Ma said that “China stands ready to join hands with our Pakistani brothers and make fresh efforts to create new chapters in our bilateral relations.” ",
"The nuclear financing is apparently part of these “fresh efforts.”",
"\n\nIn a press conference on Monday, Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Hua Chunying avoided directly answering the question of whether China would provide a loan for the new Pakistani nuclear power plant. ",
"However, she did defend China-Pakistan cooperation on nuclear energy. “",
"China and Pakistan have been engaged in cooperation in civil nuclear energy over recent years,” Hua said, noting that such cooperation “is totally for peaceful purposes” and is in accordance with both countries’ “respective international obligations.” ",
"Hua emphasized that China cooperates on nuclear energy “under the precondition of nuclear non-proliferation.”",
"\n\nEnjoying this article? ",
"Click here to subscribe for full access. ",
"Just $5 a month.",
"\n\nHua added that “relevant cooperation between China and Pakistan helps alleviate power shortage in Pakistan and serves the interests of local people. ",
"China will continue to help Pakistan tackle the shortage of power as its capacity allows.” ",
"China certainly has an interest in making sure a political and diplomatic partner has a sufficient energy supply, especially as blackouts in Pakistan have caused domestic unrest in some areas. ",
"By providing funding for Pakistan’s new nuclear reactor, China can help cement its status as “all-weather strategic partner” for Pakistan.",
"\n\nHowever, beyond a particular interest in Pakistan, China is also interested in expanding its investments in nuclear power in general. ",
"During Li Keqiang’s visit to Romania, for example, nuclear power was highlighted as one of the areas China was most keen to cooperate in. ",
"Agreements signed during that visit would have China General Nuclear Power Group (CGN) play a key role in building additional reactors for Romania’s existing Cernavoda plant. ",
"CGN is also a co-investor in the planned construction of a new nuclear power plant in the UK.",
"\n\nGiven China’s strategic emphasis on the nuclear power industry, it’s no surprise that Beijing would partner with Islamabad to finance Pakistan’s nuclear reactors. ",
"Still, the move could cause ripples of concern, particularly in the U.S. and India, due to the sensitivity of nuclear development plans in Pakistan.",
"\n\n\nUltimately, though, the U.S. in particular is likely to welcome developments that help ensure Pakistan’s domestic stability. ",
"Plus, the State Department issued a statement in September that “the United States is confident that the Government of Pakistan is well aware of its responsibilities and has secured its nuclear arsenal accordingly,” downplaying nuclear proliferation concerns."
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[
"Tag Archives: cartoon\n\nI don’t mind the 80s or 90s cartoon style like Swat Kats, Captain Planet and others. ",
"But seriously, did they have to stick a name during the era too? ",
"Couldn’t they have come up with something cooler for this millennium other than, Governator? -_-!!!",
"\n\n[youtube=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fw6J9OGSXpg&hd=1]\n\nArnold Schwarzenegger aka The Terminator aka former California governor is returning to the TV, as a cartoon. ",
"I suppose by animating himself, he intends to immortalize his legacy further. ",
"Either that, or he’s milking himself as much as he can.",
"\n\nAfter watching the trailer on Mashable then on YouTube, I feel it’s going to be rather boring. ",
"Not to mention, all the coolness they’re forcing into the cartoon, feels very obvious they’re aiming to make a buck from the toys they’re going to create. ",
"Notice his many armor suits, eyewear transformation and Harley turned Tron-ish motorcycle.",
"\n\nAt least Ben 10 has a somewhat cool story going for it, plus the characters are what kids relate to in the cartoon. ",
"Seriously think the cartoon could have been planned better.",
"\n\nWha?! ",
"Seriously, there’s been plenty of zombie movies from Dawn of The Dead to parodies. ",
"But now, an anime about zombies with a cliche title. ",
"Gosh. ",
"Even the Japanese anime market is becoming desperate.",
"\n\nAnyway, if you’ve not heard of it here’s the trailer on YouTube.",
"\n\nStory wise so far, it’s rediscovering childhood love and much fan service – under skirts. ",
"Though hoping the story would be a little more interesting as time passes. ",
"Otherwise, I’ll just thrash this anime.",
"\n\nHigh School of the Dead, what were the Japs thinking?! *",
"slaps forehead*\n\nMe and Ariel finally completed watching the series; Avatar: The Last Airbender. ",
"And for your information, this Avatar isn’t blue and doesn’t procreate using his pony tail. ",
"It’s about a 100+ year old boy defrosted from the ice returning to restore balance to the world. ",
"The original is an animated cartoon series with an American anime style.",
"\n\nNickelodeon screened this before and is now running a cartoon marathon for it in conjunction with the upcoming movie. ",
"I’d like to place some pretty high expectations for the movie because it’s being directed by M.Night Shyamalan.",
"\n\nHowever, after having completed watching the animated series, I’m a little worried how they’re going to squeeze the story into a 120-150 minutes flick. ",
"The animated series consisted of 3 books or 3 seasons. ",
"Telling the story of how the Avatar formed his friendships and in the end, made the world peaceful once again. ",
"Not to mention, got the love of his life.",
"\n\nI don’t remember any continuations of M.Night Shyamalan’s work. ",
"It’s always 1 movie and that’s it. ",
"Which is why I’m very worried.",
"\n\nWhat’s going to be missing in the movie? ",
"What’s going to be deemed unimportant and not included in it?",
"\n\nI hope they don’t end up butchering the storyline too much. ",
"Otherwise, we’re going to end up with a Devastator and 2 banging balls again. ",
"LOL!",
"\n\nDISCLAIMER\n\nThis is a personal weblog. ",
"The opinions expressed here represent my own. ",
"If you are offended by my articles, please do contact me personally. ",
"The opinions made by commenters are of their own opinion and responsibility."
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"THP-1 and Dictyostelium infection models for screening and characterization of anti-Mycobacterium abscessus hit compounds.",
"\nMycobacterium abscessus (Mabs) possesses a great challenge to antimycobacterial therapy due to its innate resistance against most antibiotics. ",
"Mabs is able to grow intracellularly in human macrophages suggesting that intracellular models can facilitate drug discovery. ",
"Thus, we have developed two host cell models: a new high content screening method for Mabs growth in human macrophages and Dictyostelium discoideum infection model with the potential to simplify down-stream genetic analysis of host cell factors. ",
"A screen of 568 antibiotics against intracellular Mabs led to identification of two hit compounds with distinct growth inhibition. ",
"A collection of 317 human kinase inhibitors was analysed yielding three compounds with an inhibitory effect on mycobacterial growth strengthening the notion that host directed therapy can be applied for Mabs."
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[
"mmon factor of l and g.\n7\nLet c = 35 - 15. ",
"Calculate the highest common factor of c and 10.",
"\n10\nSuppose h - w = -2, 2*h - 3*h = w + 4. ",
"Let r be -18*h/((-27)/(-30)). ",
"What is the greatest common factor of 12 and r?",
"\n12\nLet l = 44 - -34. ",
"Calculate the highest common divisor of 13 and l.\n13\nSuppose -y - 5*v + 20 = 0, 2*v = -4*y + 3*v + 164. ",
"Let k = -23 + 63. ",
"Suppose 5*s - k = 10. ",
"What is the highest common factor of s and y?",
"\n10\nLet k(p) = 5*p**2 + 9*p + 9. ",
"Let y be k(-6). ",
"Let n = 36 + -11. ",
"Suppose -r = -2*s - n, -4*s + 3*s = 5. ",
"What is the highest common divisor of y and r?",
"\n15\nSuppose 75 = 2*w + 3*q, -5*w + 98 = -2*q - 42. ",
"What is the greatest common divisor of 6 and w?",
"\n6\nLet b = -28 - -31. ",
"Suppose 2*y - 519 = -b*h, 2*y + 783 = 5*y + 3*h. ",
"What is the highest common factor of 24 and y?",
"\n24\nSuppose -240 = -5*a - 0*a. ",
"Suppose 5*g - p - 17 - 15 = 0, -4*g + p = -26. ",
"Let o be 51*4/g + -2. ",
"What is the greatest common factor of a and o?",
"\n16\nLet n be 5/25 + 119/5. ",
"What is the greatest common divisor of 24 and n?",
"\n24\nLet n = 75 + -43. ",
"Suppose b = -4*b, -2*i + 112 = 3*b. ",
"Let t = i - n. Calculate the greatest common factor of t and 12.",
"\n12\nLet u be 4*-1*(-4)/16. ",
"What is the highest common factor of u and 5?",
"\n1\nLet h = 1117 - 787. ",
"Suppose 0 = -2*i - 34 - h. Let w = 281 + i. Calculate the highest common divisor of 11 and w.\n11\nLet n = 82 + -62. ",
"Calculate the greatest common factor of n and 12.",
"\n4\nSuppose -21 - 3 = 4*r. ",
"Let u = r - -5. ",
"Let j = u + 12. ",
"What is the highest common divisor of j and 33?",
"\n11\nSuppose -34*i = -38*i + 64. ",
"What is the highest common divisor of 24 and i?",
"\n8\nLet i be (5 - 633/(-3)) + 1. ",
"Calculate the highest common factor of 7 and i.\n7\nLet t be 4 + (-63)/15 + (-91)/(-5). ",
"Suppose -2*k = -6*k + 72. ",
"Calculate the greatest common divisor of k and t.\n18\nSuppose 3*q - 2*w + 0*w + 7 = 0, -3*q = -3*w + 12. ",
"Let y be (3/(-3))/(-1*q). ",
"Let g be 0 + 19 - (-1)/y. ",
"Calculate the greatest common factor of 10 and g.\n10\nSuppose r + 297 + 33 = 5*n, 0 = -n + r + 70. ",
"Calculate the greatest common divisor of n and 13.",
"\n13\nSuppose 12 + 20 = c. Let x(k) = -k - 1. ",
"Let q = -9 + 4. ",
"Let z be x(q). ",
"Calculate the highest common factor of z and c.\n4\nLet c = -6 + 8. ",
"Suppose 0*f = -c*f + 12. ",
"What is the highest common factor of 24 and f?",
"\n6\nSuppose 0 = -t + 4 + 1, 4*w - 361 = -5*t. ",
"Suppose 2*n - 2 = 0, x + 3 = 3*n - 2*n. ",
"Let a be x/4 - w/(-8). ",
"Calculate the highest common factor of 70 and a.\n10\nSuppose -3*k = -2*u - 4, k = -k - 4*u - 8. ",
"Suppose -5*p + 20 = -k*p. ",
"Calculate the greatest common divisor of p and 20.",
"\n4\nLet f be (3 + 18)*(-1)/(-3). ",
"Let a be 4 + (34/(-51))/(2/(-93)). ",
"What is the highest common factor of a and f?",
"\n7\nLet g be 85*3/90*6. ",
"Calculate the greatest common factor of 187 and g.\n17\nSuppose -2*n + 3 + 5 = 5*d, -3*d = -5*n + 51. ",
"What is the highest common divisor of 6 and n?",
"\n3\nLet c(k) = -13*k + 9. ",
"Let f be c(-2). ",
"What is the highest common factor of f and 7?",
"\n7\nLet i be (6/(-8))/((-2)/80). ",
"Let h be (-6)/(-8) - 57/12. ",
"Let f = 14 + h. Calculate the greatest common factor of i and f.\n10\nSuppose 99 + 9 = 4*h. ",
"Let d = 44 + -26. ",
"Calculate the highest common divisor of d and h.\n9\nSuppose 1 = p - 14. ",
"Suppose -6*b = -b - 10. ",
"Let i be 4/8 - (-59)/b. ",
"Calculate the greatest common factor of i and p.\n15\nLet l be -4*(-5)/10 - -7. ",
"What is the highest common factor of l and 6?",
"\n3\nLet s be (-4)/(-14) + (-4)/(-14)*13. ",
"Let o(i) = i**2 - 3*i. ",
"Let l be o(4). ",
"Let f = l + 0. ",
"What is the greatest common factor of f and s?",
"\n4\nLet o be 4/(-18) - (-188)/36. ",
"Suppose 60 = -o*w + 8*w. ",
"Calculate the highest common factor of 4 and w.\n4\nLet w(z) = -z**2 + 2. ",
"Suppose 10 = -b + 5*f - 7, b + 11 = 3*f. ",
"Let l be w(b). ",
"Let y be (-16 - 0)/l*15. ",
"Calculate the greatest common divisor of y and 15.",
"\n15\nLet p be 57/95 - (-84)/10. ",
"Let v = 3 - 0. ",
"Suppose -v*g + 54 = -0*g. ",
"Calculate the highest common divisor of g and p.\n9\nLet c(r) = -14*r + 3. ",
"Let d be 1*(-9)/((-3)/(-1)). ",
"Let a be c(d). ",
"What is the highest common factor of a and 9?",
"\n9\nLet j be (0 - 2)/(-4 - 191/(-48)). ",
"What is the highest common factor of 12 and j?",
"\n12\nLet x be (-8)/(-12) + 2/(-3). ",
"Suppose x*y - 121 = -y. ",
"What is the highest common divisor of 11 and y?",
"\n11\nSuppose 4*k + 2*p - 124 = 0, -5*p - 4 - 82 = -2*k. ",
"Calculate the highest common divisor of k and 3.",
"\n3\nLet c = 11 + 8. ",
"What is the highest common factor of 114 and c?",
"\n19\nLet h(i) = -i**3 - 6*i**2 - 3*i + 6. ",
"Let r be h(-5). ",
"Let b be 10/14 - r/14. ",
"Let z be 1/(3 - (-104)/(-36)). ",
"Calculate the highest common divisor of b and z.\n1\nLet d be -2*1/(-10) + 807/15. ",
"What is the greatest common divisor of d and 36?",
"\n18\nLet s(v) = -2 - 2*v**2 - 2 + v**2 - 7*v. ",
"Let o be s(-3). ",
"Suppose -o*g + 3*g = -105. ",
"What is the highest common divisor of g and 3?",
"\n3\nSuppose m - 201 = -25. ",
"Let i(t) = -4*t - 8. ",
"Let x be i(-6). ",
"What is the highest common factor of m and x?",
"\n16\nLet a = 9 - -1. ",
"Let w(s) = 4*s**2 - 8*s. ",
"Let g be w(6). ",
"Suppose 0 = -5*p + d + 453, p = -d + 3*d + g. What is the highest common divisor of p and a?",
"\n10\nSuppose 3*m - 69 = 75. ",
"What is the greatest common divisor of m and 6?",
"\n6\nLet x = -273 + 562. ",
"Suppose -4*p = 3*b + 224 + 33, -3*b + 4*p = x. Let g = -3 - b. Calculate the highest common divisor of g and 8.",
"\n8\nLet i = 1 + -1. ",
"Suppose -h + g - 51 = 0, 103 = -2*h - i*g + 3*g. ",
"Let n = h + 70. ",
"Calculate the greatest common divisor of n and 30.",
"\n10\nLet n(r) = r**3 - 3*r**2 + 4*r - 6. ",
"Let m be n(4). ",
"Suppose 0 = 2*x - m - 64. ",
"Calculate the greatest common divisor of 15 and x.\n15\nLet k be 3*((-8)/28 - (-2392)/42). ",
"Calculate the greatest common divisor of 17 and k.\n17\nLet q(n) = 22*n**2 + 5*n + 2. ",
"Let c be q(4). ",
"Calculate the greatest common factor of 34 and c.\n34\nLet o be (-48)/(-20)*(3 + 2). ",
"Calculate the highest common divisor of 84 and o.\n12\nLet g(j) = 16*j**3 + 2*j**2 - 1. ",
"Let a be g(1). ",
"Suppose -3*h - a = -59. ",
"What is the greatest common factor of h and 7?",
"\n7\nLet w = 17 - 10. ",
"Suppose -4*y = -1 - w. Let t = y + 2. ",
"What is the highest common divisor of 28 and t?",
"\n4\nSuppose -61 - 44 = -5*p. ",
"What is the highest common divisor of p and 336?",
"\n21\nLet q = 34 + -20. ",
"Suppose 105 - 441 = -3*b. ",
"What is the greatest common factor of b and q?",
"\n14\nLet y = 500 - 357. ",
"Suppose 6*x = 4*x + 26. ",
"Calculate the highest common factor of y and x.\n13\nLet f(r) = -r + 5. ",
"Let x be f(-7). ",
"Let d be (-1 - 0) + 132/x. What is the highest common factor of d and 110?",
"\n10\nSuppose 4*t = 7 + 1. ",
"Let v be 16/9 + t/9. ",
"Calculate the highest common divisor of 18 and v.\n2\nLet k be -8*-2*3/12. ",
"Suppose 4*w - 2*v = 20, 8 - 3 = w + v. Suppose -4*r - 132 = -w*n, -5*n + r + 82 = -2*n. ",
"Calculate the greatest common factor of n and k.\n4\nSuppose 0 = -0*o - o - v, o + 4*v = 0. ",
"Suppose o = -5*h - 9 + 24. ",
"What is the greatest common divisor of h and 12?",
"\n3\nSuppose -d + 17 = -2*n + 4*n, 0 = 3*d + n - 41. ",
"Let j = d - 1. ",
"Calculate the highest common factor of j and 6.",
"\n6\nSuppose 3*z + 9 = 0, j = 3*j - 4*z - 20. ",
"Suppose 2*q - j*r + 3*r = 167, 4*q = r + 337. ",
"What is the highest common factor of q and 34?",
"\n17\nLet f be -2 - (0 + -2 + 0). ",
"Suppose f = 4*c + c. Suppose -3*t + 8*t - 10 = 0, c = 3*j + 4*t - 113. ",
"What is the greatest common factor of j and 5?",
"\n5\nLet s be (-16)/56 + (-2)/(-7). ",
"Suppose r - 8 = -s*r. ",
"Let n be ((-24)/(-9))/((-2)/(-48)). ",
"Calculate the greatest common factor of n and r.\n8\nLet m(c) = c**2 - 11*c - 9. ",
"Let z be m(13). ",
"What is the greatest common divisor of 187 and z?",
"\n17\nLet b(c) = c**3 + 3*c**2 + 2. ",
"Let g = -14 - -11. ",
"Let x be b(g). ",
"Calculate the highest common divisor of x and 16.",
"\n2\nSuppose -i + 5*v = -58, -2*v - 76 = -0*i - 2*i. ",
"Calculate the greatest common factor of 99 and i.\n33\nSuppose b - 122 - 22 = 0. ",
"Suppose 8*n + 3*l = 3*n + 25, 0 = -4*n - l + 27. ",
"Let r = 24 - n. Calculate the highest common factor of r and b.\n16\nLet z(l) = l**2 + 7*l + 8. ",
"Let r be z(-6). ",
"Let h be (r - (-9)/(-3))*-595. ",
"Suppose 6*y - y = h. Calculate the highest common factor of y and 17.",
"\n17\nLet b(g) = -2*g. ",
"Let a be b(-5). ",
"Let r(k) = 111*k**2 - 1. ",
"Let n = -22 + 21. ",
"Let f be r(n). ",
"Calculate the greatest common divisor of a and f.\n10\nSuppose 0 = -4*z - z + 130. ",
"What is the highest common divisor of z and 208?",
"\n26\nSuppose 4*u - 5*j + 24 = 6*u, -3*u + 4*j = 10. ",
"Suppose 4*t + u*a = 388, 0 = -0*t + 5*t + 2*a - 487. ",
"What is the highest common factor of 9 and t?",
"\n9\nLet i = -5 - -7. ",
"Let c(t) = -t**2 + 7*t - "
] | {
"pile_set_name": "DM Mathematics"
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[
"Q:\n\nHow can i fix the animation on different DPI?",
"\n\nI have an animation that move a png image to the top then it stop at certain position\nthe problem is that it stops on different position on different devices with different DPI\n\nproject structure\n\nproject link:\nhttps://github.com/anggarisky/SplashtoHomeAngga\nXML:\nbganim.xml\n<?",
"xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\"?",
">\n<set xmlns:android=\"http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android\"\n android:interpolator=\"@android:anim/accelerate_interpolator\"\n >\n\n <translate\n android:fromYDelta=\"0%\"\n android:toYDelta=\"30%p\"\n android:duration=\"800\"\n />\n\n</set>\n\ncloveranim.xml\n<?",
"xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\"?",
">\n<set xmlns:android=\"http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android\"\n android:startOffset=\"300\"\n >\n\n <alpha\n android:fromAlpha=\"1.0\"\n android:toAlpha=\"0.0\"\n android:duration=\"800\"\n />\n\n</set>\n\nfrombottom.xml\n<?",
"xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\"?",
">\n<set xmlns:android=\"http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android\"\n android:interpolator=\"@android:anim/accelerate_interpolator\"\n android:startOffset=\"1000\"\n >\n\n <translate\n android:fromYDelta=\"10%p\"\n android:toYDelta=\"0%\"\n android:duration=\"800\"\n />\n\n <alpha\n android:fromAlpha=\"0.0\"\n android:toAlpha=\"1.0\"\n android:duration=\"600\"\n />\n\n</set>\n\nacitivty_main.xml\n<?",
"xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\"?",
">\n<android.support.constraint.",
"ConstraintLayout xmlns:android=\"http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android\"\n xmlns:app=\"http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto\"\n xmlns:tools=\"http://schemas.android.com/tools\"\n android:layout_width=\"match_parent\"\n android:layout_height=\"match_parent\"\n tools:context=\".",
"MainActivity\">\n\n <ImageView\n android:id=\"@+id/clover\"\n android:layout_width=\"wrap_content\"\n android:layout_height=\"wrap_content\"\n android:layout_marginEnd=\"272dp\"\n android:elevation=\"6dp\"\n android:src=\"@drawable/clover\"\n app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf=\"parent\"\n app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf=\"parent\" />\n\n <LinearLayout\n android:id=\"@+id/textsplash\"\n android:layout_width=\"wrap_content\"\n android:layout_height=\"wrap_content\"\n android:layout_marginEnd=\"8dp\"\n android:layout_marginStart=\"8dp\"\n android:layout_marginTop=\"300dp\"\n android:elevation=\"6dp\"\n android:gravity=\"center\"\n android:orientation=\"vertical\"\n app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf=\"parent\"\n app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf=\"parent\"\n app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf=\"parent\">\n\n <TextView\n android:layout_width=\"wrap_content\"\n android:layout_height=\"wrap_content\"\n android:text=\"Good Morning\"\n android:textColor=\"#FFF\"\n android:textSize=\"24sp\" />\n\n <TextView\n android:layout_width=\"wrap_content\"\n android:layout_height=\"wrap_content\"\n android:text=\"Mr Panda Risky\"\n android:textColor=\"#FFF\"\n android:textSize=\"16sp\" />\n\n </LinearLayout>\n\n <LinearLayout\n android:id=\"@+id/texthome\"\n android:layout_width=\"wrap_content\"\n android:layout_height=\"wrap_content\"\n android:layout_marginStart=\"24dp\"\n android:layout_marginTop=\"28dp\"\n android:elevation=\"6dp\"\n android:gravity=\"left\"\n android:orientation=\"vertical\"\n app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf=\"parent\"\n app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf=\"parent\">\n\n <TextView\n android:layout_width=\"wrap_content\"\n android:layout_height=\"wrap_content\"\n android:text=\"Explore\"\n android:textColor=\"#FFF\"\n android:textSize=\"24sp\" />\n\n <TextView\n android:layout_width=\"wrap_content\"\n android:layout_height=\"wrap_content\"\n android:text=\"Simply makes design good\"\n android:textColor=\"#FFF\"\n android:textSize=\"16sp\" />\n\n </LinearLayout>\n\n <LinearLayout\n android:id=\"@+id/menus\"\n android:layout_width=\"wrap_content\"\n android:layout_height=\"wrap_content\"\n android:layout_marginEnd=\"8dp\"\n android:layout_marginStart=\"8dp\"\n android:layout_marginTop=\"240dp\"\n android:elevation=\"6dp\"\n android:orientation=\"vertical\"\n app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf=\"parent\"\n app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias=\"0.726\"\n app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf=\"parent\"\n app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf=\"parent\">\n\n <LinearLayout\n android:layout_width=\"wrap_content\"\n android:layout_height=\"wrap_content\"\n android:layout_marginBottom=\"70dp\"\n android:orientation=\"horizontal\">\n\n <LinearLayout\n android:layout_width=\"wrap_content\"\n android:layout_height=\"wrap_content\"\n android:layout_marginRight=\"50dp\"\n android:gravity=\"center\"\n android:orientation=\"vertical\">\n\n <ImageView\n android:layout_width=\"wrap_content\"\n android:layout_height=\"wrap_content\"\n android:layout_marginBottom=\"4dp\"\n android:src=\"@drawable/bitcon\" />\n\n <TextView\n android:layout_width=\"wrap_content\"\n android:layout_height=\"wrap_content\"\n android:text=\"BitCoin\"\n android:textColor=\"#0E1843\"\n android:textSize=\"22sp\" />\n\n </LinearLayout>\n\n <LinearLayout\n android:layout_width=\"wrap_content\"\n android:layout_height=\"wrap_content\"\n android:layout_marginRight=\"50dp\"\n android:gravity=\"center\"\n android:orientation=\"vertical\">\n\n <ImageView\n android:layout_width=\"wrap_content\"\n android:layout_height=\"wrap_content\"\n android:layout_marginBottom=\"4dp\"\n android:src=\"@drawable/bellcon\" />\n\n <TextView\n android:layout_width=\"wrap_content\"\n android:layout_height=\"wrap_content\"\n android:text=\"Bells\"\n android:textColor=\"#0E1843\"\n android:textSize=\"22sp\" />\n\n </LinearLayout>\n\n </LinearLayout>\n\n <LinearLayout\n android:layout_width=\"wrap_content\"\n android:layout_height=\"wrap_content\"\n android:layout_marginBottom=\"70dp\"\n android:orientation=\"horizontal\">\n\n <LinearLayout\n android:layout_width=\"wrap_content\"\n android:layout_height=\"wrap_content\"\n android:layout_marginRight=\"50dp\"\n android:gravity=\"center\"\n android:orientation=\"vertical\">\n\n <ImageView\n android:layout_width=\"wrap_content\"\n android:layout_height=\"wrap_content\"\n android:layout_marginBottom=\"4dp\"\n android:src=\"@drawable/bookcon\" />\n\n <TextView\n android:layout_width=\"wrap_content\"\n android:layout_height=\"wrap_content\"\n android:text=\"Books\"\n android:textColor=\"#0E1843\"\n android:textSize=\"22sp\" />\n\n </LinearLayout>\n\n <LinearLayout\n android:layout_width=\"wrap_content\"\n android:layout_height=\"wrap_content\"\n android:layout_marginRight=\"50dp\"\n android:gravity=\"center\"\n android:orientation=\"vertical\">\n\n <ImageView\n android:layout_width=\"wrap_content\"\n android:layout_height=\"wrap_content\"\n android:layout_marginBottom=\"4dp\"\n android:src=\"@drawable/bugcon\" />\n\n <TextView\n android:layout_width=\"wrap_content\"\n android:layout_height=\"wrap_content\"\n android:text=\"Reports\"\n android:textColor=\"#0E1843\"\n android:textSize=\"22sp\" />\n\n </LinearLayout>\n\n </LinearLayout>\n\n </LinearLayout>\n\n <ImageView\n android:id=\"@+id/bgapp\"\n android:layout_width=\"450dp\"\n android:layout_height=\"900dp\"\n android:layout_marginStart=\"8dp\"\n android:layout_marginEnd=\"8dp\"\n android:scaleType=\"fitXY\"\n android:src=\"@drawable/bgapp\"\n app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf=\"parent\"\n app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias=\"0.309\"\n app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf=\"parent\"\n app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf=\"parent\" />\n\n</android.support.constraint.",
"ConstraintLayout>\n\nMainActivity.java\npublic class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {\n\n ImageView bgapp, clover;\n LinearLayout textsplash, texthome, menus;\n Animation frombottom;\n\n @Override\n protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {\n super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);\n setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);\n\n frombottom = AnimationUtils.loadAnimation(this, R.anim.frombottom);\n\n bgapp = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.bgapp);\n clover = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.clover);\n textsplash = (LinearLayout) findViewById(R.id.textsplash);\n texthome = (LinearLayout) findViewById(R.id.texthome);\n menus = (LinearLayout) findViewById(R.id.menus);\n\n bgapp.animate().translationY(-2400).setDuration(450).setStartDelay(1500);\n clover.animate().alpha(0).setDuration(800).setStartDelay(600);\n textsplash.animate().translationY(140).alpha(0).setDuration(800).setStartDelay(300);\n\n texthome.startAnimation(frombottom);\n menus.startAnimation(frombottom);\n\n }\n}\n\nAny help would be appreciated\n\nA:\n\ni fixed the problem\nthe perfect value for the translationY for me is -1900 for 440dpi, so i did 1+00/440=4,318181818181818 so i can use 4,318181818181818 for 1dpi\nfloat h = 4.318181818181818f;\nDisplayMetrics dm = this.getResources().getDisplayMetrics();\nint densityDpi = dm.densityDpi;\nfloat tr=densityDpi*h;\nbgapp.animate().translationY(-tr).setDuration(450).setStartDelay(1500);\n\ni think this is not the perfect solution, but it work for now\n\n"
] | {
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
} | [
0.02040816326530612,
0.007168458781362007,
0.02857142857142857,
0.007017543859649123,
0.02857142857142857,
0.01639344262295082,
0.02857142857142857,
0.006896551724137931,
0.02857142857142857,
0,
0.01056338028169014,
0.006143535325328121,
0.006414368184733804
] | 0.015022 | 5 |
[
"[Pneumonia due to Haemophilus influenzae type b in children: presentation of 24 cases].",
"\nDue to the higher incidence in invasive infections, the changes observed in the sensitivity of this microorganism during the last decade and the seriousness of pulmonary infections in children, the objective of this paper is to review the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) pneumonia, as well as to give an update of treatment. ",
"Twenty-four children diagnosed between 1973 and 1992 are reviewed using the following criteria: clinical manifestations of pneumonia, radiology and isolation of the microorganism. ",
"The annual average was 7.8 cases/100,000 children under 5 years of age. ",
"More females were affected (58.3% vs 41.6%). ",
"Of the cases studied, 58.3% of the children were under one year and 83.3% under 2 years of age. ",
"Fever was the most common clinical manifestation (95.8%). ",
"Blood cultures were positive in 21 cases (87.5%); pleural effusion culture contributed to the diagnosis in two other cases (8.3%) and deep bronchial aspirate in one other case. ",
"Of the Haemophilus influenzae type b strains 62.5% were resistant to ampicillin and 100% were sensitive to second and third generation cephalosporins. ",
"Three infants with chronic illness died (12.5%). ",
"Hib pneumonia is an infection usually affecting children younger than 2 years of age. ",
"Its clinical manifestations are indistinguishable from those of other microorganisms. ",
"Blood culture is the most useful technique to confirm the diagnosis. ",
"The increase in resistance to classical treatment (ampicillin) obliges us to consider amoxicillin-clavulanic as the selected empirical treatment. ",
"Second and third generation cephalosporins may be considered a good alternative. ",
"There is a high mortality in children with chronic illness."
] | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} | [
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[
"> [{quoted}](name=Totenkopf 2,realm=OCE,application-id=yrc23zHg,discussion-id=GvlFByOu,comment-id=0000,timestamp=2018-12-26T02:12:07.623+0000)\n>\n> The stupidity of that is that someone who ints to botlane could say they are just trying to kill the adc, but keep dying.",
"\nlitterally.",
"\n\n> [{quoted}](name=Draffyr,realm=NA,application-id=yrc23zHg,discussion-id=k3phJcEV,comment-id=0017,timestamp=2018-12-13T01:14:59.574+0000)\n>\n> A creep lived in a church's basement, then some weird gas burned off his face and made him glow, giving him the confidence to steal another dude's woman.",
"\nthresh\n\n> [{quoted}](name=AetherArising,realm=NA,application-id=yrc23zHg,discussion-id=k3phJcEV,comment-id=001b,timestamp=2018-12-13T01:52:26.267+0000)\n>\n> The best way to prove that you're not a criminal is by being a criminal that fights other criminals and also she punch things.",
"\nvi\n\n> [{quoted}](name=Draught of Souls,realm=NA,application-id=yrc23zHg,discussion-id=k3phJcEV,comment-id=0028,timestamp=2018-12-13T05:02:53.681+0000)\n>\n> dude got his village fucked and now he kills people with a big rake and can't decide if he's emo or punk\nkayn\n\n> [{quoted}](name=Allfather Rhaast,realm=NA,application-id=yrc23zHg,discussion-id=k3phJcEV,comment-id=0025,timestamp=2018-12-13T04:33:05.569+0000)\n>\n> goes crazy decides to try and rule the world and is now really angry after being beaten\nMordekaiser\n\n:\nso... once there was like uh this guy and he uh did some stuff and people didnt remember it because it was lame. ",
"then he died and did some more stuff and people didn't remember it because it was lame. ",
"now he's not lame, but he's still lame because he's mistaken for something lamer than lame while being awesome and stuff. ",
"so he's been lurking around for like a billion years trying to create the perfect mixtape and stuff.",
"\n\n> [{quoted}](name=BLACK REALM GOD,realm=NA,application-id=yrc23zHg,discussion-id=k3phJcEV,comment-id=002c,timestamp=2018-12-13T05:25:55.772+0000)\n>\n> so... once there was like uh this guy and he uh did some stuff and people didnt remember it because it was lame. ",
"then he died and did some more stuff and people didn't remember it because it was lame. ",
"now he's not lame, but he's still lame because he's mistaken for something lamer than lame while being awesome and stuff. ",
"so he's been lurking around for like a billion years trying to create the perfect mixtape and stuff.",
"\nKarthus\n\n> [{quoted}](name=RyzeTheSmurfMage,realm=EUNE,application-id=yrc23zHg,discussion-id=k3phJcEV,comment-id=0031,timestamp=2018-12-13T06:44:19.997+0000)\n>\n> Old homeless man runs across the planet in search for some addictive runes that cause halucinations.",
"\nryze\n\n> [{quoted}](name=Warlord Rhinark,realm=EUW,application-id=yrc23zHg,discussion-id=k3phJcEV,comment-id=0002,timestamp=2018-12-12T21:13:22.357+0000)\n>\n> I have no clue who you're talking about.",
"\n>\n> My champion:\n>\n> Picks up a stick but ends up becoming a twink boy toy for a centuries old cryophilic.",
"\nkayn\n\n'Give morde ways to deal with marksman'\nso...you want another certainly T rework? ",
"I mean any time a character can beat out marksman all thats gonna happen is hes gonna be exploited and abused in bot lane.",
"\nMake him a mid ranged burst mage sure. ",
"Anything else beyond that is asking to be broken.",
"\n\n> [{quoted}](name=Lilithh,realm=NA,application-id=3ErqAdtq,discussion-id=TA8kJGTG,comment-id=,timestamp=2018-12-11T21:05:06.464+0000)\n>\n> Like nothing is more frustrating then someone who is diamond getting matched with silver/gold while they play their main like cool i guess we get pub stomped for twenty minutes\nI never have a problem with diamonds in my game. ",
"Have enough knowledge on how not to die and reading threats and youll do fine. ",
"I faced a 2 million mastery irelia main who was d4 when I was g5 and won, crushed her actually. ",
"Then again I was on my (400k mastery at the time) main Mordekaiser. ",
"Knowing how champs work and reading the damage potential they posses is not something that should be hard for player in high silver/gold.",
"\n\n:\nIt was called the ardent meta because ardent censer was new and adc mains wanted to throw blame off of themselves so they blamed ardent censer. ",
"WHich is why no nerfs to ardent censer or shields were enough and adcs themselves eventually ate 'nerfs' that only buffed them only slight nerfs to crit chance and over buffs to infinity edge to make up for the crit chance nerfs.",
"\n\n> [{quoted}](name=LordGeovanni,realm=NA,application-id=3ErqAdtq,discussion-id=MQ5wRo4b,comment-id=00030002000000000000,timestamp=2018-12-02T03:19:01.036+0000)\n>\n> It was called the ardent meta because ardent censer was new and adc mains wanted to throw blame off of themselves so they blamed ardent censer. ",
"WHich is why no nerfs to ardent censer or shields were enough and adcs themselves eventually ate 'nerfs' that only buffed them only slight nerfs to crit chance and over buffs to infinity edge to make up for the crit chance nerfs.",
"\nlook. ",
"Im not denying ADC's being broken, bt they were nothing compared to the LP enchancer that was Janna/Taric. ",
"A litteral silver 3 player got to d5 by onetricking janna in that era, if that doesnt speak for itself then youre delusional.",
"\n\n:\nThis is one of the big reasons i stopped maining support after years of playing it, in particular, enchanters, i have 400k mastery points with nami, to the point i was OTP with her in S7, i played a lot her because i loved her playstyle, healing, saving others and making \"plays\" with her, yeah right she is not a playmaker but i felt that way with her.",
"\nIn preseason 8 i was confused about the damage and my winrate went from 86% to close 50%, heal? ",
"the adc? ",
"but he is full hp, if i heal him he will die anyway because its a one shot meta, and even right now the damage is that high that its the same thing.",
"\nEnchanters right now feel like minions, because they are super super weak for no reason and can't help someone survive, they only provide cc, no damage, no healing at all, no shielding at all, just... they are there, again, thats how i feel them, and you can see the winrates how they dropped.",
"\nThis leaded me to change my main role, even if i didnt want, to mid, and thats what I play now because I cant enjoy the champions i love (Except Neeko, she is an exception for me).",
"\nSo what you suggested i agree with.",
"\nThey are the only class that didnt receive a rework when they needed it really hard, supports in other mobas and other games are way stronger.",
"\n#PleaseMakeEnchantersGoodAgain\n\n> [{quoted}](name=x Wyvern x,realm=EUW,application-id=3ErqAdtq,discussion-id=MQ5wRo4b,comment-id=000b,timestamp=2018-12-02T00:15:25.186+0000)\n>\n> This is one of the big reasons i stopped maining support after years of playing it, in particular, enchanters, i have 400k mastery points with nami, to the point i was OTP with her in S7, i played a lot her because i loved her playstyle, healing, saving others and making "plays" with her, yeah right she is not a playmaker but i felt that way with her.",
"\n>\n> In preseason 8 i was confused about the damage and my winrate went from 86% to close 50%, heal? ",
"the adc? ",
"but he is full hp, if i heal him he will die anyway because its a one shot meta, and even right now the damage is that high that its the same thing.",
"\n>\n> Enchanters right now feel like minions, because they are super super weak for no reason and can't help someone survive, they only provide cc, no damage, no healing at all, no shielding at all, just... they are there, again, thats how i feel them, and you can see the winrates how they dropped.",
"\n>\n> This leaded me to change my main role, even if i didnt want, to mid, and thats what I play now because I cant enjoy the champions i love (Except Neeko, she is an exception for me).",
"\n>\n> So what you suggested i agree with.",
"\n>\n> They are the only class that didnt receive a rework when they needed it really hard, supports in other mobas and other games are way stronger.",
"\n>\n> #PleaseMakeEnchantersGoodAgain\nplease god no.",
"\n\n> [{quoted}](name=xDelightifyx,realm=EUW,application-id=3ErqAdtq,discussion-id=MQ5wRo4b,comment-id=000300020000,timestamp=2018-12-01T22:42:17.193+0000)\n>\n> Yeah because now enchanters are entirely useless, due to not nerfing adcs, but nerfing enchanters instead. ",
"k thanks bye\nEnchanters were the issue to begin with. ",
"There was a reason it was called 'Ardent Meta', whichever enchanter got it first would powertune their carry so much theyd just 2v8, adc's were strong because they had the ability to get out of CC with the help of QSS or their support, while being safe, and packing enough DPS to break enchanter supps' guards. ",
"ADC's were still strong from how fast they scaled and how hard they snowballed, but enchanters were still stronger.",
"\n\n:\n> [{quoted}](name=GrReaper96,realm=NA,application-id=yrc23zHg,discussion-id=UmnkfAAr,comment-id=00010000,timestamp=2018-11-30T19:24:35.866+0000)\n>\n> CANNOT UNSEE\nI have never been able to unsee. ",
"That was discovered as soon as she got updated.",
"\n\n> [{quoted}](name=Jikker,realm=NA,application-id=yrc23zHg,discussion-id=UmnkfAAr,comment-id=000100000000,timestamp=2018-11-30T19:31:00.991+0000)\n>\n> I have never been able to unsee. ",
"That was discovered as soon as she got updated.",
"\ni dont get it\n\n:\n> [{quoted}](name=Moody P,realm=NA,application-id=3ErqAdtq,discussion-id=9BM6x4ds,comment-id=000300010000,timestamp=2018-11-25T22:00:46.454+0000)\n>\n> certainlyT is literally the only person to make good VGUs\nAkali VGU is good?",
"\nlmao.",
"\nBest one he did was Warwick.",
"\n\n> [{quoted}](name=Antenora,realm=EUW,application-id=3ErqAdtq,discussion-id=9BM6x4ds,comment-id=0003000100000000,timestamp=2018-11-25T23:48:29.781+0000)\n>\n> Akali VGU is good?",
"\n>\n> lmao.",
"\n>\n> Best one he did was Warwick.",
"\nand even warwick was busted. ",
"for like a full year.",
"\n\n> [{quoted}](name=Malicious Metal,realm=EUW,application-id=3ErqAdtq,discussion-id=9BM6x4ds,comment-id=00020000,timestamp=2018-11-25T10:04:24.332+0000)\n>\n> What, he's doing really well this preseason.",
"\nI dont understand what you mean, hes doing the same as he always has been. ",
"His win rate was inflated because of a bug if thats what you're using as context. ",
"Overall I dont think Mordekaiser will be anything like he was in pre ardent meta.",
"\n\nAs a big time trundle player, I think youre underrating him vastly, he can easily outduel 90% of melee laners, and still outscale them, his R is still insanely powerful, and his pillar is still one of he better catching tools in the game if you max it second. ",
"And if anyone runs Aftershock (especially Liss) he can still be really tanky, I think youre playing him too jungle oriented, playing him top is the way to go with him now, epecially since he has the FASTEST tower kill time in the game, throwing demolish + tri force on that will make you eat away at towers in the time enemies were able to recall to their fountain.",
"\nTL;DR: Trundle top is fine, Trundle JG not so much. ",
"Try it.",
"\n\n> [{quoted}](name=Malicious Metal,realm=EUW,application-id=6kFXY1kR,discussion-id=5KBdpeZB,comment-id=0003000000000001,timestamp=2018-11-19T21:16:29.297+0000)\n>\n> I'm just glad her sexuality's conveyed in a natural way and doesn't feel forced at all.",
"\n> It just works and I'm happy Riot managed to actually throw us LGBTQ folk a bone.",
"\n....Youre lgbtq?",
"\no o f.\n\n:\n> [{quoted}](name=AbyssmalHydra,realm=NA,application-id=yrc23zHg,discussion-id=d2p8GuOE,comment-id=001700000000,timestamp=2018-11-18T06:35:25.298+0000)\n>\n> What do you mean?",
"\nFrom the time of patch 5.16 until now we have had roughly 247 Morde rework concepts ( another one popped up since i posted that)\n\n> [{quoted}](name=Mordepool,realm=NA,application-id=yrc23zHg,discussion-id=d2p8GuOE,comment-id=0017000000000000,timestamp=2018-11-18T07:02:04.427+0000)\n>\n> From the time of patch 5.16 until now we have had roughly 247 Morde rework concepts ( another one popped up since i posted that)\nah, but of course we all know the likeliness of riot looking at any of em are low, as long as he isnt weebified im fine.",
"\n\n:\n> [{quoted}](name=AbyssmalHydra,realm=NA,application-id=yrc23zHg,discussion-id=d2p8GuOE,comment-id=0017,timestamp=2018-11-17T21:14:58.155+0000)\n>\n> As a rework with upwards of a hundred fan made rework concepts to draw from, and his character being pre-defined, and a role set in stone for damage dealer. ",
"Morde mains will typically grow to like him. ",
"The main argument should be featured as 'EVERYONE PICKS/BANS MY CHAMP AND I WANT TO PLAY HIM!'\n246 give or take.",
"\n\nAs a rework with upwards of a hundred fan made rework concepts to draw from, and his character being pre-defined, and a role set in stone for damage dealer. ",
"Morde mains will typically grow to like him. ",
"The main argument should be featured as 'EVERYONE PICKS/BANS MY CHAMP AND I WANT TO PLAY HIM!'"
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[
"Jan Slepcik, Romany man named Aco, an extraordinary guitarist and singer,\ndies not belong to quite unknown Romany musicians. ",
"In the first half of the\n80s, he was invited, as a professional consultant, to co-operate with the Na\nZábradlí theatre, where he was involved, namely, form the musical and\nchoreographical point of view, un the staging preparation of \"Noisy\nSolitude\", Bohumil Hrabal`s play. ",
"Altogether with Jirí Stivín, a jazzman,\nthey have composed and recorded music to the \"Tramp\" film, Aco himself has\nhad several productions on both radio and television. ",
"In 1990, he performed\nwith Magda, his wife, on the first Romany Folk Festival in Brno, following\nyears one could listen to and see them as they toured with concerts under\nthe \"Slepcík`s Duo\" title in Innsbruck, Vienna and the festival \"Fenêtre sur\nPrague\" in Paris, where, except them, the \"Czech\" culture was also\nrepresented by Vera Bílá, a Romany singer. ",
"In 1999, Slepcík married couple\nperformed as well on the second year of Ethnic and World Music`s Festival\nheld by the Respect, a weekly periodical. ",
"Unfortunately, at that time Magda,\nhis wife, was taken ill with severe disease and died suddenly. ",
"She left Aco\nalone with six children.",
"\n\nHis musical beginnings are tightly bound to Kosice, a \"mother city\" of\nEastern Slovakia, where multiple influences of the Hungarian, Romany and\nSlovakian folk music interfered intensively at the tome of is youth. ",
"This\nwas where, in the second half of the 60s, a major of old traditional Romany\nmusicians still lived both in the city its surroundings, for them their\nmusic once used to be the mode of existence, even if its fame was gradual\ndecline because of less and less demand for the folk music. ",
"One could say\nthat Aco was growing up in crucial period. ",
"On one hand, the traditional\nRomany musical culture was still living so far, on the other hand, the\ninfluence of the modern pop-music, namely Anglo-Saxonian one, proliferated\nmore and more. ",
"The Beatles were here and a new musical era coming along.",
"\nElectric guitars and percussions (drums) become the chief musical\ninstruments. ",
"This style striked a young Romany generation as well, and as\nluck would have it, a very first song Aco learned was just from Beatles.",
"\nModern Romany bands were emerging. ",
"Aco set up one of such bands, \"Terne\nchave\" (\"Youngsters\"), at the age of fourteen with his friends. ",
"Apart form\nimitating compositions of foreign groups, they also composed their own\nsongs. ",
"Some of them are still popular and played up to now (e. g., No.:",
"\n\"Mandar hin\" or No.: ",
"15 \"Balvaj phurdel\"). ",
"These songs were often based on\nmelodies that were assumed from the popular music, and the \"Terne chave\"\nmodified them in their own way and in Romany spirit. ",
"They returned back to\ntraditional Romany songs at the same time. ",
"The ability to play czardas or\nhalgató with the correct chords, rhythm and execution was the question of a\nmusician`s honour.",
"\n\nAco still remains a brilliant performer of both styles that prevail in the\nRomany music so far; he succeeds to perform masterfully either the phurikane\ngiza, i. e. old songc or the neve giza, i . ",
"e. new songs. ",
"Contrastedly to a\nvery accurate style purity, with which he performs the traditional Romany\nsongs (numbers:1, 2, 14, 17, 18, 21 on the CD), his way of playing the new\nRomany songs is influenced to some extent by pop, rock, Romany jazz (for\nexample No.:8, 10, 20) and folk.",
"\n\nHowever, apart from being only a performer of songs, Jan Slepcik is a\ncomposer of his own songs as well (No.: ",
"3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11, 13, 19). ",
"Some of\nthem have become popular (for example, No.: ",
"6, 11), some others have fallen\ninto so deep oblivion that even their author himself hardly remembers them,\nif reminded to him. ",
"Sometimes one can find it difficult to keep up any exact\ndividing line between his own facture and adopted songs, because he often\nmodifies words or creates his own arrangements that may be very distant from\nthe original (for example: No.: ",
"8, 16). ",
"However, what all Aco`s songs have\ncommon is that they have sprung from a personal experience to remain on the\nway of his life like imaginary milestones."
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[
"In a vehicle including a power connecting/disconnecting device interrupting power transmission between an engine and drive wheels, a vehicle running control device is conventionally known that interrupts the power transmission by the power connecting/disconnecting device during inertia running. ",
"For example, this corresponds to a clutch control device described in Patent Document 1. ",
"In Patent Document 1, a clutch disposed in a power transmission path acts as the power connecting/disconnecting device and, if an accelerator pedal is suddenly returned from a depressed state of the accelerator pedal, the clutch control device releases the clutch to interrupt the power transmission between the engine and the drive wheels. ",
"As a result, a fuel consumption rate can be improved."
] | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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[
"1. ",
"Introduction {#sec1-jcm-07-00525}\n===============\n\nCommunication is a basic function of human beings, of vital importance to developing interpersonal relationships, and for groups, organizations, and society to function well \\[[@B1-jcm-07-00525],[@B2-jcm-07-00525]\\]. ",
"Since the 1970s, considerable academic and professional attention has been given to the study of communication styles, due to their practical relevance in any setting in which \"transfer of personal information, knowledge, ideas, opinions and feelings play a fundamental role\" \\[[@B3-jcm-07-00525]\\] (p. 507). ",
"As a result of this scientific interest, the study of communication styles has increased in recent decades, with diverse lines of research emerging that have examined the phenomenon in different job contexts (e.g., education, organization, healthcare) \\[[@B4-jcm-07-00525],[@B5-jcm-07-00525],[@B6-jcm-07-00525],[@B7-jcm-07-00525]\\]. ",
"Moreover, its importance in clinical and health contexts has been underlined in the literature. ",
"For example, effective communication between nursing professionals and their patients positively influences the health, satisfaction, and safety of patients \\[[@B8-jcm-07-00525],[@B9-jcm-07-00525],[@B10-jcm-07-00525]\\].",
"\n\nThe communication style concept was originally introduced by Norton \\[[@B11-jcm-07-00525]\\] to refer to \"the verbal and nonverbal interaction with signs which have literal meaning and must be understood, filtered and interpreted\" (p. 99). ",
"Verbal aggressiveness \\[[@B3-jcm-07-00525]\\], widely studied by Infante et al. ",
"\\[[@B12-jcm-07-00525],[@B13-jcm-07-00525]\\], refers to a destructive communication style (taunts, threats, hostility, etc.) ",
"characterized by the use of hostile language, lacking in affect, and authoritarian, which does not facilitate dialogue, and can cause psychological damage to those who receive the message, in addition to negatively influencing the quality of interpersonal relationships \\[[@B14-jcm-07-00525]\\].",
"\n\nOne of the trends in current research in psychology is to explore how personal variables, such as personality, can determine a person's communication style \\[[@B2-jcm-07-00525],[@B15-jcm-07-00525],[@B16-jcm-07-00525]\\]. ",
"This influential line has developed based on the theoretical basis of the big five personality traits model (five-factor theory of personality) \\[[@B17-jcm-07-00525],[@B18-jcm-07-00525]\\]. ",
"From this perspective, it is understood that individuals develop a certain communication style according to their personality traits, and the influence of social and cultural factors \\[[@B7-jcm-07-00525],[@B19-jcm-07-00525]\\].",
"\n\nIn the literature reviewed, low levels of agreeableness and conscientiousness, and high levels of neuroticism have been found to predict counterproductive behaviors in the workplace, specifically, the use of aggressive verbal language with coworkers and clients \\[[@B20-jcm-07-00525],[@B21-jcm-07-00525],[@B22-jcm-07-00525]\\]. ",
"In a study by Grumm and von Collani \\[[@B23-jcm-07-00525]\\], verbal aggressiveness was shown to be positively related to a personality profile characterized by high levels of neuroticism and low extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experience. ",
"Similarly, Barlett and Anderson \\[[@B24-jcm-07-00525]\\] found the dimensions agreeableness, openness to experience, and neuroticism to be the best predictors of a wide range of violent behaviors, while authors such as Xie et al. ",
"\\[[@B25-jcm-07-00525]\\] demonstrated that all personality traits---except neuroticism---could predict prosocial behavior.",
"\n\nIn addition to the above, some studies have explored the role of emotions with regard to aggressive behavior. ",
"One of the most-studied constructs is emotional intelligence (EI), referring to skills that people have for understanding, perceiving, and adaptively regulating their own emotions and those of others \\[[@B26-jcm-07-00525]\\]. ",
"Some empirical studies have shown a significant relationship between low EI and aggressive verbal behavior \\[[@B27-jcm-07-00525],[@B28-jcm-07-00525]\\].",
"\n\nGuo et al. ",
"\\[[@B29-jcm-07-00525]\\] found that EI functions as a mediator between neuroticism and prosocial behavior. ",
"However, a relationship has also been found between the five personality traits and EI, especially with responsibility and neuroticism \\[[@B30-jcm-07-00525],[@B31-jcm-07-00525]\\]. ",
"It has been suggested that EI is determinant for achieving personal and social success as well. ",
"Thus, people who manage their emotions adequately can cope with conflictive situations in an adaptive manner \\[[@B32-jcm-07-00525]\\].",
"\n\nIt has likewise been shown that positiveness and optimism (mood) \\[[@B33-jcm-07-00525]\\] favor positive interpretation of potentially stressful situations, contributing to improving a person's perception of being able to control their surroundings and, thereby, their wellbeing \\[[@B34-jcm-07-00525],[@B35-jcm-07-00525],[@B36-jcm-07-00525]\\]. ",
"However, the relationship between positiveness and wellbeing is stronger in persons with high scores on extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness \\[[@B37-jcm-07-00525]\\].",
"\n\nOur objective was to find out the moderating effect of mood in the relationship between the five big personality traits and an aggressive verbal communication style in a sample of nursing professionals.",
"\n\n2. ",
"Materials and Methods {#sec2-jcm-07-00525}\n========================\n\n2.1. ",
"Participants {#sec2dot1-jcm-07-00525}\n-----------------\n\nThe original sample was 619 nursing professionals, but 23 subjects were rejected (19 because random answers were detected by the control questions, and 4 because they had not completed the entire battery of questions), leaving a final sample of 596 nurses.",
"\n\nThe mean age of the participants was 31.53 years (Standard Deviation (*SD*) = 6.55) in a range of 22 to 56 years. ",
"The sex distribution in the sample was 83.7% (*n* = 499) women and 16.3% (*n* = 97) men, with a mean age of 31.56 (*SD* = 6.62) and 31.38 (*SD* = 6.21) years, respectively. ",
"The marital status of the participants was 53.7% (*n* = 320) single, 44.3% (*n* = 264) married or stable partner, 1.8% (*n* = 11) divorced or separated, and 0.2% (*n* = 1) widowed. ",
"Their employment situation at the time of the study was distributed as follows: 72.1% (*n* = 430) were working with a part-time contract and 27.9% (*n* = 166) with a stable contract.",
"\n\n2.2. ",
"Instruments {#sec2dot2-jcm-07-00525}\n----------------\n\nAn ad hoc questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic data from the participants (age, sex, marital status) and, also, their current employment situation.",
"\n\nThe 10-item Big Five Inventory (BFI-10) \\[[@B38-jcm-07-00525]\\] was applied for the personality dimensions. ",
"This is a brief version of the BI-44 scale \\[[@B39-jcm-07-00525],[@B40-jcm-07-00525]\\], developed to provide a personality inventory for research with time limitations. ",
"It enables study of the five big personality factors (extraversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, and openness to experience). ",
"Previous studies have demonstrated that the BFI-10 has psychometric properties comparable, in size and structure, to the complete BFI-10 scale. ",
"There are findings that back BFI-10 factor validity, construct validity, and criterion validity \\[[@B38-jcm-07-00525],[@B41-jcm-07-00525],[@B42-jcm-07-00525]\\].",
"\n\nIn addition, the Communication Styles Inventory \\[[@B3-jcm-07-00525]\\] consists of 96 elements for evaluating communication behaviors. ",
"The items are divided into equal parts on 6 domain scales (16 items per scale): expressiveness, preciseness, verbal aggressiveness, questioningness, emotionality, and impression manipulativeness. ",
"Each domain scale has 4 facets, and each of these has 4 elements. ",
"The items are answered on a Likert-type scale, with answer choices from 1 (completely disagree) to 5 (completely agree). ",
"The authors reported Cronbach's alpha on the scales varying from 0.82 to 0.88 in a sample from the general population, and 0.83 to 0.87 in a sample of students. ",
"In this case, we used the verbal aggressiveness scale with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.78.",
"\n\nFinally, to measure mood, we used the scale with the same name included in the Brief Emotional Intelligence Inventory for Senior Citizens (EQ-i-20M) \\[[@B43-jcm-07-00525]\\], validated and scaled by the authors for an adult Spanish population, adapted for adults from the Emotional Intelligence Inventory: Young Version (EQ-i-YV) by Bar-On and Parker \\[[@B44-jcm-07-00525]\\]. ",
"It consists of 20 items with 4 answer choices arranged on a Likert-type scale. ",
"It is structured in 5 factors: intrapersonal, interpersonal, stress management, adaptability, and mood. ",
"The Cronbach's alpha for the mood scale used in this study was α = 0.88.",
"\n\n2.3. ",
"Procedure {#sec2dot3-jcm-07-00525}\n--------------\n\nBefore data collection, the participants were guaranteed compliance with information, confidentiality, and ethical standards in data processing. ",
"The study was approved by the Bioethics Committee of the University of Almería. ",
"The questionnaires were implemented on a web platform, which enabled the participants to fill them out online. ",
"A series of control questions were included to detect random or incongruent answers, which were then discarded from the study sample.",
"\n\n2.4. ",
"Data Analysis {#sec2dot4-jcm-07-00525}\n------------------\n\nThis study is a quantitative descriptive design. ",
"This paper also includes valuable recommendations for the revision of Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) \\[[@B45-jcm-07-00525]\\]. ",
"First, frequency analyses were done to find out the distribution of the sample according to the sociodemographic variables, descriptive analyses, and Pearson's correlation coefficient to identify the interactions between variables in the study. ",
"A stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was performed based on these data. ",
"SPSS v.23 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA) \\[[@B46-jcm-07-00525]\\] statistical software was used for these analyses. ",
"Then a simple moderation analysis was done to identify how mood moderates each of the dimensions of personality included in the regression analysis as predictors of verbal aggressiveness. ",
"The SPSS macro was used to compute simple moderation effect models \\[[@B47-jcm-07-00525]\\]. ",
"Bootstrapping with 5000 bootstraps was used to estimate coefficients.",
"\n\n3. ",
"Results {#sec3-jcm-07-00525}\n==========\n\n[Table 1](#jcm-07-00525-t001){ref-type=\"table\"} shows the descriptive statistics and correlations between the study variables. ",
"A significant association was observed between verbal aggressiveness, and most of the personality factors. ",
"Specifically, there was a positive correlation with neuroticism (*r* = 0.30, *p* \\< 0.001) and a negative correlation with agreeableness (*r* = −0.35, *p* \\< 0.001), conscientiousness (*r* = −0.34, *p* \\< 0.001), and openness to experience (*r* = −0.13, *p* \\< 0.01). ",
"Mood correlated negatively with verbal aggressiveness (*r* = −0.40, *p* \\< 0.001).",
"\n\nThe analysis of interactions between variables found correlations of mood with all of the personality factors: positive with extroversion (*r* = 0.08, *p* \\< 0.05), agreeableness (*r* = 0.23, *p* \\< 0.001), conscientiousness (*r* = 0.36, *p* \\< 0.001), and openness to experience (*r* = 0.23, *p* \\< 0.001), and negative with neuroticism (*r* = −0.40, *p* \\< 0.001).",
"\n\n3.1. ",
"Predictors of Verbal Aggressiveness in Nursing Personnel {#sec3dot1-jcm-07-00525}\n-------------------------------------------------------------\n\nAs shown in [Table 2](#jcm-07-00525-t002){ref-type=\"table\"}, the regression analysis found four models, the last of which had the most explanatory capacity, with 28.2% (*R*^2^ = 0.28) of the variance explained by the factors included in the model (agreeableness, mood, conscientiousness, and neuroticism).",
"\n\nTo confirm the validity of the model, residual independence was analyzed. ",
"The Durbin--Watson (to evaluate if autocorrelation exists in a regression) D was 1.94, which confirms the absence of positive and negative self-correlation. ",
"Furthermore, it can be observed that the *t* was associated with a probability of error below 0.05 in all cases. ",
"The standardized coefficients reveal that the variable with the most explanatory weight was agreeableness, followed by mood. ",
"Finally, from the tolerance and variance inflation factor (VIF), the absence of collinearity among the variables included in the model may be assumed.",
"\n\n3.2. ",
"Moderating Effect of Mood on Predictive Value of Dimensions of Personality for Verbal Aggressiveness {#sec3dot2-jcm-07-00525}\n---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nAccording to Hair, Anderson, Tatham, and Black \\[[@B48-jcm-07-00525]\\], moderating relationships entered could modify interpretation of the regression coefficients. ",
"The coefficients of the effects of each of the independent variables (agreeableness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism), the moderating variable (mood), and the interaction term on the dependent variable (verbal aggressiveness) were estimated based on simple moderation models. ",
"The figures below present the simple moderation models proposed for their analysis.",
"\n\nThe results of Model 1 report a statistically significant effect of mood (B~e_mood~ = −0.40, *p* \\< 0.01) and agreeableness (B~afab~ = −0.32, *p* \\< 0.01) on verbal aggressiveness. ",
"However, in this case, the coefficient of the interaction term is not significant (B~aree~ × ~e_mood~ = 0.04, *p*= 0.30). ",
"Model 2, which takes conscientiousness as the independent factor, had similar results: a statistically significant effect on verbal aggressiveness, on both the independent variable (B~cons~ = −0.26, *p* \\< 0.05) and the variable considered a moderator (B~e_mood~ = −0.35, *p* \\< 0.05), but with no statistical significance of the interaction term coefficient (B~cons~ × ~e_mood~ = 0.03, *p* = 0.38).",
"\n\nIn Model 3, the effect of mood on verbal aggressiveness is statistically significant (B~e_mood~ = −0.47, *p* \\< 0.001), while the same is not true of the effect of neuroticism (B~neuro~ = −0.16, *p* = 0.10). ",
"However, in this case, the interaction term coefficient is significant (B~neuro~ × ~e_mood~ = 0.08, *p* \\< 0.01), which shows that there is a moderation effect, where mood conditions the effect of neuroticism on verbal aggression.",
"\n\nThen, using pick-a-point approach, the prediction of neuroticism on verbal aggressiveness was calculated for low, medium, and high mood. ",
"This shows the conditional effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable at different moderator strengths. ",
"Thus, the results shown in [Figure 1](#jcm-07-00525-f001){ref-type=\"fig\"} and [Figure 2](#jcm-07-00525-f002){ref-type=\"fig\"} suggest that the influence of the moderator variable comes about at medium (B = 2.95, *p* \\< 0.001) and high (B = 3.58, *p* \\< 0.001) mood. ",
"This implies that the moderating effect of mood takes place when it becomes medium to high.",
"\n\nFinally, the data found after application of the Johnson--Neyman technique make it possible to establish a wider range of moderator values and specify their involvement in the effect the independent variable exerts on the dependent variable. ",
"That is, when does the effect of the moderator begin to be significant? ",
"Specifically, when the mood score is greater than or equal to 2.50 (76% of the participants), neuroticism induces a stronger tendency toward verbal aggression.",
"\n\n4. ",
"Discussion {#sec4-jcm-07-00525}\n=============\n\nThis study shows that, for nursing professionals, the agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experience factors maintain a significant negative relationship with the verbal aggressiveness communication style. ",
"On the contrary, it was found that the neuroticism trait has a close relationship with this disruptive style of communication, negatively affecting the nurse--patient relationship \\[[@B8-jcm-07-00525],[@B9-jcm-07-00525]\\].",
"\n\nThese results confirm what was previously found in other studies, suggesting that there is a close relationship between personality and verbal aggressiveness \\[[@B20-jcm-07-00525],[@B22-jcm-07-00525],[@B23-jcm-07-00525],[@B25-jcm-07-00525]\\]. ",
"For instance, Bolton et al. ",
"\\[[@B21-jcm-07-00525]\\] showed that workers with low levels of agreeableness and conscientiousness, and high levels of neuroticism, were more prone to use verbally aggressive language with their coworkers and clients. ",
"Similarly, Barlett and Anderson \\[[@B24-jcm-07-00525]\\] demonstrated that agreeableness, openness to experience, and neuroticism were associated with a wide range of violent behavior.",
"\n\nThe data from our study also show a negative relationship between verbal aggressiveness and mood. ",
"These results confirm previous studies \\[[@B28-jcm-07-00525],[@B32-jcm-07-00525]\\], which underlined the importance of adaptively regulating emotional information in social and work situations and avoiding aggressive behaviors. ",
"Along this line, it has been shown that positiveness and optimism are essential for interpreting potentially stressful situations more positively, especially in such an emotionally and psychologically challenging profession as nursing \\[[@B34-jcm-07-00525],[@B35-jcm-07-00525]\\].",
"\n\nMoreover, our data also reveal a significant positive relationship between mood and all of the personality traits, except for the neuroticism dimension, with which it has a negative relationship. ",
"These results are consistent with previous studies, such as the meta-analysis by O'Boyle et al. ",
"\\[[@B31-jcm-07-00525]\\], who found that EI had a significant positive relationship with extraversion, openness to experience, conscientiousness, and agreeableness, while it was the opposite with neuroticism. ",
"Joseph et al. ",
"\\[[@B30-jcm-07-00525]\\] emphasized the relationship between conscientiousness, extraversion, and neuroticism with EI, as did Lui et al. ",
"\\[[@B37-jcm-07-00525]\\], who demonstrated that mood predicted wellbeing in individuals with high scores in extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness.",
"\n\nAccording to our moderation analysis, neuroticism alone would not have a significant direct effect on verbal aggressiveness. ",
"However, it begins to be significant in interaction with mood. ",
"In fact, mood modulates the effect of personality on verbal aggressiveness more strongly as positiveness and happiness increase. ",
"These results agree with previous studies, in which it was proposed that personality traits partially determine communication styles \\[[@B7-jcm-07-00525]\\]. ",
"Therefore, emotionally unstable persons faced with stressful situations tend to develop negative communication styles. ",
"However, only those with a positive attitude will be able to buffer the negative effects of their personality trait on the way they communicate \\[[@B29-jcm-07-00525]\\].",
"\n\nThis study has important practical implications for the job context. ",
"The relationship between personality traits and aggressive verbal communication must be emphasized, as well as the important effects EI has on this relationship. ",
"Since personality dimensions are considered relatively stable over time, and consistent from one situation to another \\[[@B7-jcm-07-00525]\\], organizations should offer workshops and other types of practical activities to train workers in communication skills and EI, in order to promote the health of employees and patients.",
"\n\nIn like manner, the following limitations should also be considered. ",
"In the first place, the sample is made up of a majority of women, so the results may not be extendable to both genders. ",
"In the second place, the results cannot be generalized to the whole area of healthcare, because the sample used is very specific, so it would be recommended to enlarge the sample with other professionals. ",
"Finally, as the study design did not allow us to establish whether the relationships between the variables are stable over time, it would be interesting to carry out longitudinal studies to delve, more deeply, into the study of the influence of personality traits on communication style. ",
"It is a cross-sectional study, and its findings do not imply causality.",
"\n\nFuture studies should widen the set of variables used, that is, include aspects related to the characteristics and working conditions (e.g., work areas, shifts, types of patient), in addition to considering all the facets of emotional intelligence and including other personal constructs, such as self-efficacy, for example, and performing a joint analysis of the interactions between them.",
"\n\n5. ",
"Conclusions {#sec5-jcm-07-00525}\n==============\n\nIn recent decades, there has been an exponential increase in scientific publications in which nursing professionals avoiding risk factors from work activities has been the subject of study. ",
"This interest derives from the characteristics and job contexts where they carry out their functions, as well as the important consequences and effects of their behavior on the wellbeing of patients and organizations.",
"\n\nOur study was interested in evaluating the moderating effect of mood on the relationship between personality and verbal aggressiveness. ",
"The agreeableness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism traits have a close relationship with aggressive verbal communication. ",
"Even though mood moderates this relationship, it is only significant for those individuals with high scores in neuroticism.",
"\n\nThe present study was undertaken in collaboration with the Excma. ",
"Diputación Provincial de Almería. ",
"Part of this work has been developed thanks to the financing of University Teaching Training in Deficit Areas, Gerty Cori Aid, for the help for the hiring of research staff in predoctoral training, granted by María del Mar Simón Márquez.",
"\n\nM.d.",
"M.M.J., M.d.",
"C.P.-F., A.B.B.M., M.d.",
"M.S.M., and Á.M.M. contributed to the conception and design of the review. ",
"J.J.G.L. applied the search strategy. ",
"All authors applied the selection criteria. ",
"All authors completed the assessment of risk of bias. ",
"All authors analyzed and interpreted data. ",
"M.d.",
"M.M.J., M.d.",
"C.P.-F., A.B.B.M., M.M.S.M., and Á.M.M. wrote this manuscript. ",
"M.d.",
"C.P.-F. and J.J.G.L. edited this manuscript. ",
"M.d.",
"C.P.-F. is responsible for the overall project.",
"\n\nThis research received no external funding.",
"\n\nThe authors declare no conflict of interest.",
"\n\n{#jcm-07-00525-f001}\n\n{#jcm-07-00525-f002}\n\njcm-07-00525-t001_Table 1\n\n###### \n\nDescriptive statistics and correlations.",
"\n\n M SD 1 2 3 4 5 6 7\n ------------------------ ------- ------ -------------- ------------- -------------- -------------- -------------- ------------- ---\n Verbal aggressiveness 20.19 0.45 \n Extraversion 30.29 0.81 −0.03 \n Agreeableness 30.98 0.60 −0.35 \\*\\*\\* 0.02 \n Conscientiousness 30.71 0.66 −0.34 \\*\\*\\* 0.15 \\*\\*\\* 0.16 \\*\\*\\* \n Neuroticism 20.73 0.82 0.30 \\*\\*\\* −0.10 \\*\\* −0.14 \\*\\*\\* −0.24 \\*\\*\\* \n Openness to experience 30.48 0.75 −0.13 \\*\\* 0.62 \\*\\*\\* 0.16 \\*\\*\\* 0.27 \\*\\*\\* −0.09 \\* \n Mood 20.96 0.62 −0.40 \\*\\*\\* 0.08 \\* 0.23 \\*\\*\\* 0.36 \\*\\*\\* −0.40 \\*\\*\\* 0.23 \\*\\*\\* \n\nNote: M = Means; SD = Standard Deviation; \\* The correlation is significant at 0.05; \\*\\* The correlation is significant at 0.01; \\*\\*\\* The correlation is significant at 0.001.",
"\n\njcm-07-00525-t002_Table 2\n\n###### \n\nStepwise multiple linear regression model for verbal aggressiveness.",
"\n\n ---------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------- --------------------------- ----------------------- ------------------- -------- ------- ------\n **Model** ***R*** ***R^2^*** **Corrected *R^2^*** **Change Statistics** **Durbin−Watson** \n **Standard Error of Estimation** **Change in *R^2^*** **Change in *F*** **Sig. ",
"of Change in *F*** \n 1 0.40 0.16 0.15 0.42 0.16 113.01 0.000 1.94\n 2 0.48 0.23 0.22 0.40 0.07 54.88 0.000 \n 3 0.51 0.26 0.26 0.39 0.03 29.35 0.000 \n 4 0.53 0.28 0.27 0.39 0.01 12.00 0.001 \n **Model 4** **Nonstandardized Coefficients** **Standardized Coefficients** ***t*** ***Sig.*** ",
" **Collinearity** \n ***B*** **Standard Error** **Beta** **Tol.** ",
" **VIF** \n (Constant) 3.70 0.16 22.06 0.000 \n Mood −0.15 0.03 −0.21 −5.35 0.000 0.74 1.35 \n Agreeableness −0.19 0.02 −0.25 −6.96 0.000 0.93 1.06 \n Conscientiousness −0.13 0.02 −0.19 −5.07 0.000 0.84 1.17 \n Neuroticism 0.07 0.02 0.13 3.46 0.001 0.82 1.21 \n ---------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------- --------------------------- ----------------------- ------------------- -------- ------- ------\n"
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"Its businesses focus on three sectors: construction, with Bouygues Construction (building, civil works, energy and services), Bouygues Immobilier (property) and Colas (roads), telecoms with Bouygues Telecom and media with TF1."
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[
"Engaging Patients and Caregivers in Research for Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Top 10 Research Priorities.",
"\nIncluding individuals with lived experience in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is essential to establishing a research agenda that is mutually impactful to both those treating and those experiencing the disease. ",
"Using the James Lind Alliance approach to research priority setting, a 10-member steering committee composed of current and former pediatric patients with IBD, caregivers, and clinicians was formed. ",
"A national survey, disseminated across Canada, elicited uncertainties which were divided into unanswered and answered research questions. ",
"Subsequently a research prioritization survey was disseminated where respondents ranked their top 20 research uncertainties. ",
"A final prioritization meeting was held to agree upon the top 10 uncertainties. ",
"From 1209 research questions submitted by 363 participants, the list was reduced to 105 indicative questions that were within scope and deemed unanswered in the literature. ",
"Via the national research prioritization survey, this list was further reduced. ",
"The top 10 uncertainties identified at the final research consensus meeting, with 21 participants from all stakeholder groups, included \"What are the causes of IBD?,\" \"",
"Can IBD be prevented?,\" \"",
"What role does diet have in the management of pediatric IBD?.\" ",
"Other questions concerned flare ups, biomarkers, optimal patient education, long-term effects of medication and early-diagnosis, role of psychological support, and optimal approach to diagnosis. ",
"This research adds a unique perspective by deriving a list of pediatric IBD research uncertainties important by patients and caregivers and clinicians."
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"Hungry bone syndrome secondary to prostate cancer successfully treated with radium therapy.",
"\nA 50-year-old man with a history of prostate cancer with extensive bone metastasis and hypocalcaemia presented with muscle aches and cramps. ",
"Physical exam was significant for Chvostek's and Trousseau's sign. ",
"Laboratory assessment was consistent with profound hypocalcaemia. ",
"This was believed to be due to hungry bone syndrome secondary to advanced prostate cancer. ",
"He was treated with intravenous calcium, vitamin D and calcitriol. ",
"He also received three doses of radium223 therapy. ",
"After therapy, hypocalcaemic episodes resolved. ",
"Follow-up after 2.5 years showed continued resolution of hypocalcaemia."
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"Comfort Keepers\n\nBrand Awareness/DR Campaign\n\nWe created a heart-warming new DRTV campaign for Comfort Keepers Philadelphia, the regional franchisee for this global in-home care provider as they take their first steps into television. ",
"The campaign included a customized landing page to reach out to prospective clients looking for a trusted partner to help improve their family’s quality of life."
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[
"You must enter the characters with black color that stand out from the other characters\n\nBy Sarah Lindenfeld Hall\n\nMark Jacobson Toyota, along with the Durham Safe Kids Coalition, will host a kids day on Saturday. ",
"It includes free car seat inspections to make sure seats are free of defects and properly installed.",
"\n\nThe event is 10 a.m. to 2p.m., Saturday, at the dealership at 4516 Durham Chapel Hill Blvd. ",
"in Durham. ",
"Technicians from Durham Safe Kids Coalition will be on hand to check out the car seats.",
"\n\nThey'll also have refreshments and snow cones for the kids, music, finger painting, sidewalk chalk drawing and more. ",
"Mark Jacobson Toyota will donate $1 for every mile test driven to Durham Safe Kids during the event.",
"\n\nClick here for details.",
"\n\nCopyright 2013 by Capitol Broadcasting Company. ",
"All rights reserved. ",
"This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed."
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