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Health insurance mandates
Insurance mandates violate the rights of employers.
CON
Health insurance mandates
Mandatory insurance violates right to engage in contracts
CON
Health insurance mandates
Mandate deters uninsured from going to hospital, receiving penalty
CON
More troops to Afghanistan under Obama
More troops in Afg will inflame broader Muslim anger, terrorism
CON
More troops to Afghanistan under Obama
More troops in Afghanistan perpetuates corrupt Afghan government
CON
More troops to Afghanistan under Obama
The military industrial complex profits from escalation in Afg.
CON
More troops to Afghanistan under Obama
W/o more troops, Afgh will become terrorist haven
PRO
More troops to Afghanistan under Obama
Defeat in Afghanistan would embolden terrorists globally
PRO
Health insurance cooperatives
Co-ops lack scale to negotiate prices of drugs, services
CON
Health insurance cooperatives
Advocates of co-ops are really aiming for socialized medicine
CON
Health insurance cooperatives
Co-ops compete with insurers like public option could
PRO
Public health insurance option
Public insurance would stifle medical innovation and advancement
CON
Public health insurance option
Public insurance inefficiencies can be hidden by taxpayer-funding
CON
Public health insurance option
Public insurance option will increase taxes, drag-down economy
CON
Public health insurance option
Public insurance will give doctors/hospitals millions of new patients.
PRO
Public health insurance option
Public insurance delivers same quality insurance at a lower price
PRO
Mandatory calorie counts on menus
Mandatory calorie counts infringe restaurants' freedom of speech
CON
Mandatory calorie counts on menus
Calorie counts are ineffective at compelling healthier choices
CON
Mandatory calorie counts on menus
Calorie counts on menus will turn-off customers.
CON
Mandatory calorie counts on menus
Calorie counts eliminate ability of restaurants to be spontaneous.
CON
Mandatory calorie counts on menus
Calories on menus empower consumers to make healthier choices
PRO
Mandatory calorie counts on menus
Calorie counts will be ignored by some, but help others
PRO
Manned mission to Mars
Weight of supplies for long Mars trip is impractical.
CON
Manned mission to Mars
A manned mission to Mars would unify humankind
PRO
Manned mission to Mars
Mars mission would inspire kids to become scientists
PRO
Colonization of the Moon
Moon's gravity is too low for human health
CON
Colonization of the Moon
Temperature extremes make colonizing the Moon very challenging.
CON
Colonization of the Moon
Territorial claims on the Moon will become a source of conflict.
CON
Colonization of the Moon
Moonbase would be ideal staging area for space exploration
PRO
Colonization of the Moon
Moonbase advances knowledge of human viability on alien planets.
PRO
Colonization of the Moon
Moonbase will help answer remaining scientific questions
PRO
Mandatory labeling of genetically modified foods
Arbitrary labeling rules do not offer any real choice
CON
Mandatory labeling of genetically modified foods
Labeling of genetically modified foods increases food prices.
CON
Mandatory labeling of genetically modified foods
Different GM labeling standards across countries is a problem
CON
Mandatory labeling of genetically modified foods
Labeling respects opinion of those not wanting to consume GM foods.
PRO
Mandatory labeling of genetically modified foods
It is good for labeling to turn consumers off to GM foods.
PRO
Legality of coca production and consumption
Coca chewing is bad for human health.
CON
Legality of coca production and consumption
Allowing coca undermines successful eradication efforts.
CON
Filibuster
Filibuster wrongly burdens majority party
CON
Filibuster
During turmoil, filibusters impede government progress
CON
Filibuster
The filibuster helps protect the will of the minority
PRO
Criminalization of Holocaust denial
Outlawing Holocaust denial risks revisionists being called deniers
CON
Criminalization of Holocaust denial
Holocaust denial psychologically harms Holocaust survivors
PRO
Criminalization of Holocaust denial
Holocaust denial is inherently descriminatory and damaging
PRO
Criminalization of Holocaust denial
Holocaust denial opens doors to harmful, non-factual views
PRO
Needle exchanges
HIV transmission has increased despite needle exchanges
CON
Needle exchanges
Needle exchanges don't save lives; cause drug-related deaths
CON
Needle exchanges
Drug dealers sell drugs near needle exchanges
CON
Needle exchanges
Needle exchanged increase discarded needles on streets
CON
Needle exchanges
Needle exchanges generally degrade community cleanliness.
CON
Needle exchanges
Needle exchanges rightly place harm reduction over all else
PRO
Needle exchanges
Needle exchanges decrease infections and therefore costs
PRO
Election of judges
Elected justices are corruptly influenced by campaign funders
CON
Election of judges
Lawyers may fund judge campaigns to influence trials
CON
Election of judges
Impossible to avoid big-money influence in judicial elections
CON
Election of judges
Elections make judges more democratically accountable
PRO
Election of judges
Elected judges are more in tune with public opinion
PRO
Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty
Test ban ties hands of good states, while rogue states ignore it
CON
Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty
Fear will cause nuclear proliferation, despite testing ban.
CON
Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty
Warheads and deterrence cannot be maintained without testing
CON
Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty
Test ban halts R&D and development of nuclear weapons
PRO
Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty
Test ban would help combat growing nuclear threats
PRO
Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty
Improved monitoring from test ban provides important information
PRO
Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty
Nuclear test ban reduces risks of nuclear fallout
PRO
Israeli settlements
Israeli settlements impede creation of Palestinian state
CON
Israeli settlements
Settlements create separate/unequal laws for Israelis/Palestinians
CON
Israeli settlements
Settlements undercut Palestinian rights to land
CON
Israeli settlements
Israeli settlements do not impede creation of Palestine
PRO
Two-state solution to Israeli-Palestinian conflict
A two-state solution makes Israel too narrow, vulnerable.
CON
Two-state solution to Israeli-Palestinian conflict
Israel loses strategic West Bank mountains in two-state solution
CON
Two-state solution to Israeli-Palestinian conflict
Two-state solution offers peace, the most important factor
PRO
Two-state solution to Israeli-Palestinian conflict
Two-state solution offers adequate territory to Palestinians
PRO
Two-state solution to Israeli-Palestinian conflict
Two-state solution and peace is critical to regional stability.
PRO
Merit pay for teachers
Merit pay focuses teachers on measures over their passion
CON
Merit pay for teachers
Merit pay punishes teachers assigned to bad students
CON
Merit pay for teachers
Past examples of merit pay for teachers have failed
CON
Merit pay for teachers
Merit pay gives teachers an incentive to work harder
PRO
Merit pay for teachers
Merit-pay helps attract teachers where there are shortages
PRO
Merit pay for teachers
Merit pay works in markets, can work for teachers
PRO
Enhanced interrogation techniques
Enhanced techniques hamper work with allies against terrorism.
CON
Is a nuclear Iran intolerable?
Military strikes on Iran would invite painful retaliation
CON
Earmarks
Earmarks are often unrelated to legislation; holds up bill.
CON
Earmarks
Earmarks create unsustainable institutional dependencies
CON
Free public transportation
Car sales would drop significantly.
CON
Free public transportation
There are many people who would also lose their jobs.
CON
Free public transportation
Some public transport cities are already terrible; this would just increase the strain.
CON
Free public transportation
The government would be forced to improve public transport.
PRO
Free public transportation
A lot of people would already be using it if it didn't cost so much.
PRO
Education vouchers
Vouchers damage public schools that can't compete with private schools.
CON
Education vouchers
Profit motive of private schools is costly, undermining vouchers.
CON
Education vouchers
Vouchers drain talent from public schools, undermining competitiveness.
CON
Education vouchers
Vouchers improve choice/access despite private school right to deny
PRO
Education vouchers
Education vouchers improve minority academic achievement.
PRO
Education vouchers
Vouchers promote innovation and specialisation.
PRO
No Child Left Behind Act
NCLB sets overly restrictive qualifications for teaching.
CON
No Child Left Behind Act
No Child Left Behind subjects disabled to same test standards.
CON
No Child Left Behind Act
No Child Left Behind effectively penalizes diversity in schools.
CON
No Child Left Behind Act
No Child Left Behind offers valuable measure of student progress
PRO
No Child Left Behind Act
NCLB has succeeded in improving test scores
PRO
No Child Left Behind Act
Standardized tests ensures students learn essential information.
PRO

https://github.com/dwslab/StArCon

@inproceedings{kobbe-etal-2020-unsupervised,
    title = "Unsupervised stance detection for arguments from consequences",
    author = "Kobbe, Jonathan  and
      Hulpu{\textcommabelow{s}}, Ioana  and
      Stuckenschmidt, Heiner",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2020",
    address = "Online",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2020.emnlp-main.4",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/2020.emnlp-main.4",
    pages = "50--60",
    abstract = "Social media platforms have become an essential venue for online deliberation where users discuss arguments, debate, and form opinions. In this paper, we propose an unsupervised method to detect the stance of argumentative claims with respect to a topic. Most related work focuses on topic-specific supervised models that need to be trained for every emergent debate topic. To address this limitation, we propose a topic independent approach that focuses on a frequently encountered class of arguments, specifically, on arguments from consequences. We do this by extracting the effects that claims refer to, and proposing a means for inferring if the effect is a good or bad consequence. Our experiments provide promising results that are comparable to, and in particular regards even outperform BERT. Furthermore, we publish a novel dataset of arguments relating to consequences, annotated with Amazon Mechanical Turk.",
}
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