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samim2024

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llama2-dataset-finetune-train-5k

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Suggest a vacation trip for a couple based in California who love spending time outdoors

The American west is home to spectacular national parks. The national parks in California, Utah and Arizona are unique in their variety of landscapes and ecology. One possible trip is to Yosemite, Sequoia and Death Valley National Parks. All of these parks provide a range of options for people of varying abilities. For the hardcore hikers a multi-day backpacking trip along the John Muir trip would take them through some of the most scenic mountain terrain in the country. Day hikers have dozens of shorter trails to choose from in each park. One point to keep in mind is that Death Valley would be uncomfortably hot in the summer months - May through September.

brainstorming

Instruction: Suggest a vacation trip for a couple based in California who love spending time outdoors Context: Response: The American west is home to spectacular national parks. The national parks in California, Utah and Arizona are unique in their variety of landscapes and ecology. One possible trip is to Yosemite, Sequoia and Death Valley National Parks. All of these parks provide a range of options for people of varying abilities. For the hardcore hikers a multi-day backpacking trip along the John Muir trip would take them through some of the most scenic mountain terrain in the country. Day hikers have dozens of shorter trails to choose from in each park. One point to keep in mind is that Death Valley would be uncomfortably hot in the summer months - May through September.

Classify each of the following a muscle in the arm or leg: quadricep, bicep, tricep, forearm, calf

Quadricep: Leg Bicep: Arm Tricep: Arm Forearm: Arm Calf: Leg

classification

Instruction: Classify each of the following a muscle in the arm or leg: quadricep, bicep, tricep, forearm, calf Context: Response: Quadricep: Leg Bicep: Arm Tricep: Arm Forearm: Arm Calf: Leg

Name some of the major battles in the US Civil War.

Major battles in the US Civil War include: Gettysburg, Fort Sumpter, Vicksburg, and Shiloh.

open_qa

Instruction: Name some of the major battles in the US Civil War. Context: Response: Major battles in the US Civil War include: Gettysburg, Fort Sumpter, Vicksburg, and Shiloh.

How can I get better performance when querying a delta table?

To get better performance when querying a delta table, there are many things you can do. First, ensure you are using the Photon engine. The Photon engine is designed to handle high-concurrency and low-latency queries. If you are using DBSQL, Photon is included free of charge and is turned on by default. Second, you can use different indexing techniques when writing a Delta table for better read performance. Z-ordering and bloom filters are two effective techniques when used correctly. Third, ensure your SQL Warehouse or compute resource is appropriately sized. If you are trying to query a very large dataset from a very small warehouse, you will likely get slow query results.

general_qa

Instruction: How can I get better performance when querying a delta table? Context: Response: To get better performance when querying a delta table, there are many things you can do. First, ensure you are using the Photon engine. The Photon engine is designed to handle high-concurrency and low-latency queries. If you are using DBSQL, Photon is included free of charge and is turned on by default. Second, you can use different indexing techniques when writing a Delta table for better read performance. Z-ordering and bloom filters are two effective techniques when used correctly. Third, ensure your SQL Warehouse or compute resource is appropriately sized. If you are trying to query a very large dataset from a very small warehouse, you will likely get slow query results.

In music, what key is the relative minor to the key of B major?

G# minor is B major's relative minor.

open_qa

Instruction: In music, what key is the relative minor to the key of B major? Context: Response: G# minor is B major's relative minor.

Q: How can I prevent COVID-19?

A: The best way to prevent COVID-19 is to get vaccinated with an FDA-approved or FDA-authorized COVID-19 vaccine and stay up to date on your COVID-19 vaccines. In addition, the CDC recommends everyday preventive actions to help prevent the spread of COVID-19. Learn how to protect your family in this Consumer Update.

general_qa

Instruction: Q: How can I prevent COVID-19? Context: Response: A: The best way to prevent COVID-19 is to get vaccinated with an FDA-approved or FDA-authorized COVID-19 vaccine and stay up to date on your COVID-19 vaccines. In addition, the CDC recommends everyday preventive actions to help prevent the spread of COVID-19. Learn how to protect your family in this Consumer Update.

Classify each of the following as either a virtue or a vice: humility, kindness, patience, greed, anger, lust, envy, pride.

Humility, kindness, patience are the virtues. And greed, anger, lust, envy, pride are the vices.

classification

Instruction: Classify each of the following as either a virtue or a vice: humility, kindness, patience, greed, anger, lust, envy, pride. Context: Response: Humility, kindness, patience are the virtues. And greed, anger, lust, envy, pride are the vices.

Provide a bulleted list of easy accommodations for autistic individuals in the workplace.

Noise-canceling headphones Ability to control lighting -- dimming the lights, lamp light instead of overhead lights, or the ability to let in or reduce natural light Make a quiet sensory free room available for breaks or individual work Allow pets in the office

brainstorming

Instruction: Provide a bulleted list of easy accommodations for autistic individuals in the workplace. Context: Response: Noise-canceling headphones Ability to control lighting -- dimming the lights, lamp light instead of overhead lights, or the ability to let in or reduce natural light Make a quiet sensory free room available for breaks or individual work Allow pets in the office

Please write an email to the parent who complained about your child hitting their child.

Hi, David: Please pass my apology to Simone on Jessie's behalf. I hope he has a swift recovery. And thank you for sharing this with me. My wife and I will talk with Jessie about her bad behavior. We will try to find out her reason/motivation and emphasize the rules of interacting with and respecting her friends. We have not received a similar report in the past. So, we never knew this as a problem before. But we will take it very seriously and do our best to help her to fixe it. Please let us know if this even happens again. Please accept our sincerely apologize.

creative_writing

Instruction: Please write an email to the parent who complained about your child hitting their child. Context: Response: Hi, David: Please pass my apology to Simone on Jessie's behalf. I hope he has a swift recovery. And thank you for sharing this with me. My wife and I will talk with Jessie about her bad behavior. We will try to find out her reason/motivation and emphasize the rules of interacting with and respecting her friends. We have not received a similar report in the past. So, we never knew this as a problem before. But we will take it very seriously and do our best to help her to fixe it. Please let us know if this even happens again. Please accept our sincerely apologize.

Extract what is Top Gun

The United States Navy Strike Fighter Tactics Instructor program (SFTI program), more popularly known as Top Gun (stylized as TOPGUN), is an American military program that teaches fighter and strike tactics and techniques to selected naval aviators and naval flight officers, who return to their operating units as surrogate instructors.

The United States Navy Fighter Weapons School was established on 3 March 1969, at Naval Air Station Miramar, California. The unit's purpose was to train fighter air crews in all aspects of fighter weapons systems and the art of aerial combat. It serves to build a nucleus of eminently knowledgeable fighter crews to construct, guide, and enhance weapons training cycles and subsequent aircrew performance. This select group acts as the F-4 community’s most operationally orientated weapons specialists. Top Gun's efforts are dedicated to the Navy’s professional fighter crews, past, present and future.

information_extraction

Instruction: Extract what is Top Gun Context: The United States Navy Strike Fighter Tactics Instructor program (SFTI program), more popularly known as Top Gun (stylized as TOPGUN), is an American military program that teaches fighter and strike tactics and techniques to selected naval aviators and naval flight officers, who return to their operating units as surrogate instructors. Response: The United States Navy Fighter Weapons School was established on 3 March 1969, at Naval Air Station Miramar, California. The unit's purpose was to train fighter air crews in all aspects of fighter weapons systems and the art of aerial combat. It serves to build a nucleus of eminently knowledgeable fighter crews to construct, guide, and enhance weapons training cycles and subsequent aircrew performance. This select group acts as the F-4 community’s most operationally orientated weapons specialists. Top Gun's efforts are dedicated to the Navy’s professional fighter crews, past, present and future.

Extract all of the names of people mentioned in this paragraph and list them using bullets in the format {Name}

The Wildfoods festival was started in 1990 by Hokitika local Claire Bryant, a producer of gorse-flower and rose-petal wine, who wanted to celebrate the flavours and produce of the West Coast. The first festival in March 1990 coincided with Hokitika's 125th anniversary and was run by Heritage Hokitika. It took place in a newly-developed heritage area on Gibson Quay in downtown Hokitika. The first Wildfoods had 30 stalls, and attracted 1800 people. Alison Holst was the celebrity judge.

• Claire Bryant • Alison Holst

information_extraction

Instruction: Extract all of the names of people mentioned in this paragraph and list them using bullets in the format {Name} Context: The Wildfoods festival was started in 1990 by Hokitika local Claire Bryant, a producer of gorse-flower and rose-petal wine, who wanted to celebrate the flavours and produce of the West Coast. The first festival in March 1990 coincided with Hokitika's 125th anniversary and was run by Heritage Hokitika. It took place in a newly-developed heritage area on Gibson Quay in downtown Hokitika. The first Wildfoods had 30 stalls, and attracted 1800 people. Alison Holst was the celebrity judge. Response: • Claire Bryant • Alison Holst

Who is the company Novartis

Novartis AG is a Swiss multinational pharmaceutical corporation based in Basel, Switzerland and Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States (global research). Consistently ranked in the global top five, Novartis is one of the largest pharmaceutical companies in the world and was the fourth largest by revenue in 2022.

Novartis AG is a Swiss multinational pharmaceutical corporation based in Basel, Switzerland and Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States (global research). Consistently ranked in the global top five, Novartis is one of the largest pharmaceutical companies in the world and was the fourth largest by revenue in 2022.

summarization

Instruction: Who is the company Novartis Context: Novartis AG is a Swiss multinational pharmaceutical corporation based in Basel, Switzerland and Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States (global research). Consistently ranked in the global top five, Novartis is one of the largest pharmaceutical companies in the world and was the fourth largest by revenue in 2022. Response: Novartis AG is a Swiss multinational pharmaceutical corporation based in Basel, Switzerland and Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States (global research). Consistently ranked in the global top five, Novartis is one of the largest pharmaceutical companies in the world and was the fourth largest by revenue in 2022.

What would be the summary of the story of Oedipus, which serves as the basis for the psychoanalytic theory of the Oedipus complex?

The story of Oedipus is the subject of Sophocles' tragedy Oedipus Rex, which is followed in the narrative sequence by Oedipus at Colonus and then Antigone. Together, these plays make up Sophocles' three Theban plays. Oedipus represents two enduring themes of Greek myth and drama: the flawed nature of humanity and an individual's role in the course of destiny in a harsh universe. In the best-known version of the myth, Oedipus was born to King Laius and Queen Jocasta of Thebes. Laius wished to thwart the prophecy, so he sent a shepherd-servant to leave Oedipus to die on a mountainside. However, the shepherd took pity on the baby and passed him to another shepherd who gave Oedipus to King Polybus and Queen Merope to raise as their own. Oedipus learned from the oracle at Delphi of the prophecy that he would end up killing his father and marrying his mother but, unaware of his true parentage, believed he was fated to murder Polybus and marry Merope, so left for Thebes. On his way, he met an older man and killed him in a quarrel. Continuing on to Thebes, he found that the king of the city (Laius) had recently been killed and that the city was at the mercy of the Sphinx. Oedipus answered the monster's riddle correctly, defeating it and winning the throne of the dead king – and the hand in marriage of the king's widow, who was also (unbeknownst to him) his mother Jocasta. Detail of ancient fresco in which Oedipus solves the riddle of the Sphinx. Egyptian Museum, 2nd c. CE Years later, to end a plague on Thebes, Oedipus searched to find who had killed Laius and discovered that he himself was responsible. Jocasta, upon realizing that she had married her own son, hanged herself. Oedipus then seized two pins from her dress and blinded himself with them. The legend of Oedipus has been retold in many versions and was used by Sigmund Freud to name and give mythic precedent to the Oedipus complex.

Oedipus killed his father and got married to his mother, as announced by the prophecy of the Oracle of Delphi.

summarization

Instruction: What would be the summary of the story of Oedipus, which serves as the basis for the psychoanalytic theory of the Oedipus complex? Context: The story of Oedipus is the subject of Sophocles' tragedy Oedipus Rex, which is followed in the narrative sequence by Oedipus at Colonus and then Antigone. Together, these plays make up Sophocles' three Theban plays. Oedipus represents two enduring themes of Greek myth and drama: the flawed nature of humanity and an individual's role in the course of destiny in a harsh universe. In the best-known version of the myth, Oedipus was born to King Laius and Queen Jocasta of Thebes. Laius wished to thwart the prophecy, so he sent a shepherd-servant to leave Oedipus to die on a mountainside. However, the shepherd took pity on the baby and passed him to another shepherd who gave Oedipus to King Polybus and Queen Merope to raise as their own. Oedipus learned from the oracle at Delphi of the prophecy that he would end up killing his father and marrying his mother but, unaware of his true parentage, believed he was fated to murder Polybus and marry Merope, so left for Thebes. On his way, he met an older man and killed him in a quarrel. Continuing on to Thebes, he found that the king of the city (Laius) had recently been killed and that the city was at the mercy of the Sphinx. Oedipus answered the monster's riddle correctly, defeating it and winning the throne of the dead king – and the hand in marriage of the king's widow, who was also (unbeknownst to him) his mother Jocasta. Detail of ancient fresco in which Oedipus solves the riddle of the Sphinx. Egyptian Museum, 2nd c. CE Years later, to end a plague on Thebes, Oedipus searched to find who had killed Laius and discovered that he himself was responsible. Jocasta, upon realizing that she had married her own son, hanged herself. Oedipus then seized two pins from her dress and blinded himself with them. The legend of Oedipus has been retold in many versions and was used by Sigmund Freud to name and give mythic precedent to the Oedipus complex. Response: Oedipus killed his father and got married to his mother, as announced by the prophecy of the Oracle of Delphi.

Give me the list of philosophers of science from the 19th century

Here is the list of philosophers of science from the 19th century: - Auguste Comte - William Whewell - George Henry Lewes - William Stanley Jevons - Ernst Mach - Charles Sanders Peirce - Edmund Husserl - Frederich Engels

brainstorming

Instruction: Give me the list of philosophers of science from the 19th century Context: Response: Here is the list of philosophers of science from the 19th century: - Auguste Comte - William Whewell - George Henry Lewes - William Stanley Jevons - Ernst Mach - Charles Sanders Peirce - Edmund Husserl - Frederich Engels

What's the difference between tennis and pickleball?

While they are similar sports, tennis and pickleball have various difference. First, the court size for pickleball is about half the size of a tennis court. Second, pickleball is played with a ball that resembles a whiffle ball. Third, pickleball is played with paddles as opposed to rackets. Finally, the scoring system is quite different as you play for points which can only be scored when you or your team are serving.

open_qa

Instruction: What's the difference between tennis and pickleball? Context: Response: While they are similar sports, tennis and pickleball have various difference. First, the court size for pickleball is about half the size of a tennis court. Second, pickleball is played with a ball that resembles a whiffle ball. Third, pickleball is played with paddles as opposed to rackets. Finally, the scoring system is quite different as you play for points which can only be scored when you or your team are serving.

When did the Great Chicago Fire occur?

He assumed the presidency of the Commercial Insurance Company, then was named president of the Chicago Board of Underwriters in 1869. Following the Great Chicago Fire of 1871, he was named the president of the State Savings Institution, resigning in 1873. Dore also presided over the Newsboys' and Bootblacks' Home and donated a building to them in 1884.

1871

information_extraction

Instruction: When did the Great Chicago Fire occur? Context: He assumed the presidency of the Commercial Insurance Company, then was named president of the Chicago Board of Underwriters in 1869. Following the Great Chicago Fire of 1871, he was named the president of the State Savings Institution, resigning in 1873. Dore also presided over the Newsboys' and Bootblacks' Home and donated a building to them in 1884. Response: 1871

What is a good gift for a seven year old boy?

Football, basketball, Pokémon cards, sports cards

brainstorming

Instruction: What is a good gift for a seven year old boy? Context: Response: Football, basketball, Pokémon cards, sports cards

Who was declared as the winner of LIVA Miss Diva Universe 2021?

Harnaaz Sandhu(Chandigarh)

open_qa

Instruction: Who was declared as the winner of LIVA Miss Diva Universe 2021? Context: Response: Harnaaz Sandhu(Chandigarh)

What is the first letter of every sentence, separated by commas?

YouTube has been led by a CEO since its founding in 2005, and has retained this leadership model even after its acquisition by Google. The current CEO is Neal Mohan, who was appointed on February 16, 2023.

Y,T

information_extraction

Instruction: What is the first letter of every sentence, separated by commas? Context: YouTube has been led by a CEO since its founding in 2005, and has retained this leadership model even after its acquisition by Google. The current CEO is Neal Mohan, who was appointed on February 16, 2023. Response: Y,T

What is District 13 in "The Hunger Games" known for developing?

District 13 is responsible for the development of nuclear weapons.

open_qa

Instruction: What is District 13 in "The Hunger Games" known for developing? Context: Response: District 13 is responsible for the development of nuclear weapons.

Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Ranat ek, Sasando

Sasando is string, Ranat ek is percussion.

classification

Instruction: Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Ranat ek, Sasando Context: Response: Sasando is string, Ranat ek is percussion.

What are the names of Daenerys Targaryen's three dragons?

Drogon, Viserion, and Rhaegal

open_qa

Instruction: What are the names of Daenerys Targaryen's three dragons? Context: Response: Drogon, Viserion, and Rhaegal

Why do people like pickleball?

Pickleball is one of the fastest growing sports today. People of all ages and fitness can play pickleball. Pickball is played on a court that is smaller than a tennis course so requires less movement. Pickleball is also more of a finesse game vs. power.

general_qa

Instruction: Why do people like pickleball? Context: Response: Pickleball is one of the fastest growing sports today. People of all ages and fitness can play pickleball. Pickball is played on a court that is smaller than a tennis course so requires less movement. Pickleball is also more of a finesse game vs. power.

When was the Roman empire founded?

The Roman empire was founded after the Republican period in 27BC and went through 1453AD. Some sources claim that the Roman Empire ended in 476AD with the fall of Rome via the Barbarian leader, Odoacer, however this is not true. The Roman empire continued on through the Eastern half of the Roman Empire. The Eastern Roman Empire is commonly referred to as the Byzantines. However, the Byzantines is a modern creation of referring to this Eastern Empire. In fact, all of the way through 1453AD, the people of the Eastern Roman Empire referred to themselves as Romans.

open_qa

Instruction: When was the Roman empire founded? Context: Response: The Roman empire was founded after the Republican period in 27BC and went through 1453AD. Some sources claim that the Roman Empire ended in 476AD with the fall of Rome via the Barbarian leader, Odoacer, however this is not true. The Roman empire continued on through the Eastern half of the Roman Empire. The Eastern Roman Empire is commonly referred to as the Byzantines. However, the Byzantines is a modern creation of referring to this Eastern Empire. In fact, all of the way through 1453AD, the people of the Eastern Roman Empire referred to themselves as Romans.

Is butter required to make cookies?

Butter is not required to make cookies. Vegetable oils can be a good alternative, especially for people who want to reduce the amount of saturated fat in their diet. There are also an increasing number of plant based butter-like alternatives.

open_qa

Instruction: Is butter required to make cookies? Context: Response: Butter is not required to make cookies. Vegetable oils can be a good alternative, especially for people who want to reduce the amount of saturated fat in their diet. There are also an increasing number of plant based butter-like alternatives.

Decide the sentiment of the following user comments. Classify each of them as "Positive", "Neutral", "Mixed", or "Negative". 1. the latest update removed all the best features!! how could they do this to such a good app!! 2. There's not much to say; it checks emails, has a slick UI, and lets me focus on what I need to do. 3. It's pretty good. 4. The app's UI is amazing, but it doesn't seem to notify me consistently which really sucks. Not sure what's up with that but if they could get that working then it'd be amazing. 5. I can't believe how terrible this app is; it literally won't do anything I ask it to. 6. wow, im impressed

1. Negative 2. Positive 3. Neutral 4. Mixed 5. Negative 6. Positive

classification

Instruction: Decide the sentiment of the following user comments. Classify each of them as "Positive", "Neutral", "Mixed", or "Negative". 1. the latest update removed all the best features!! how could they do this to such a good app!! 2. There's not much to say; it checks emails, has a slick UI, and lets me focus on what I need to do. 3. It's pretty good. 4. The app's UI is amazing, but it doesn't seem to notify me consistently which really sucks. Not sure what's up with that but if they could get that working then it'd be amazing. 5. I can't believe how terrible this app is; it literally won't do anything I ask it to. 6. wow, im impressed Context: Response: 1. Negative 2. Positive 3. Neutral 4. Mixed 5. Negative 6. Positive

How did Ella Tromp begin her political career?

Ella Tromp's political career began in 1989. She worked as an employee in the cabinet of the Prime Minister. On 9 March 1991 she was appointed Minister Plenipotentiary in the first cabinet of Nelson Oduber, a position which she held until 1 March 1993. She was the first woman in the history of the country to hold this position. She was also the first woman to be appointed as Minister of Finance, which she served as during Oduber's second cabinet. During her tenure as Minister of Finance, from 1993 to 1994, there was a quarrel between coalition members of the ruling government, which led to early elections and a shortened term. Despite this, she maintained firm control over government spending and for the first time in Aruba's status aparte period the country had a budget surplus.

Ella Tromp began her political career working in the cabinet of the Prime Minister in 1989. After two years she was appointed Minister Plenipotentiary in the first cabinet of Nelson Oduber, and was the first woman in the history of the country to hold that position. She then became the Minister of Finance in 1993, a role she served in until 1994.

summarization

Instruction: How did Ella Tromp begin her political career? Context: Ella Tromp's political career began in 1989. She worked as an employee in the cabinet of the Prime Minister. On 9 March 1991 she was appointed Minister Plenipotentiary in the first cabinet of Nelson Oduber, a position which she held until 1 March 1993. She was the first woman in the history of the country to hold this position. She was also the first woman to be appointed as Minister of Finance, which she served as during Oduber's second cabinet. During her tenure as Minister of Finance, from 1993 to 1994, there was a quarrel between coalition members of the ruling government, which led to early elections and a shortened term. Despite this, she maintained firm control over government spending and for the first time in Aruba's status aparte period the country had a budget surplus. Response: Ella Tromp began her political career working in the cabinet of the Prime Minister in 1989. After two years she was appointed Minister Plenipotentiary in the first cabinet of Nelson Oduber, and was the first woman in the history of the country to hold that position. She then became the Minister of Finance in 1993, a role she served in until 1994.

What other names are used to refer to Taweret, the Egyptian goddess:

The Egyptian goddess Taweret can be called Taouris, Taueret, Taurt, Tawaret, Ta-weret, Thoeris, Thouéris, Toeris, Tuart, Tuat or Twert.

brainstorming

Instruction: What other names are used to refer to Taweret, the Egyptian goddess: Context: Response: The Egyptian goddess Taweret can be called Taouris, Taueret, Taurt, Tawaret, Ta-weret, Thoeris, Thouéris, Toeris, Tuart, Tuat or Twert.

Given this reference text about the Philadelphia Phillies, how many stadiums have they had and where do they play currently?

The franchise was founded in Philadelphia in 1883, replacing the team from Worcester, Massachusetts, in the National League. The team has played at several stadiums in the city, beginning with Recreation Park (1883–1886) and continuing at Baker Bowl (1887–1938); Shibe Park (which was renamed Connie Mack Stadium in 1953 in honor of the longtime Philadelphia Athletics manager Connie Mack) (1938–1970); Veterans Stadium (1971–2003), and now Citizens Bank Park (2004-present).

The Phillies have played in five different stadium throughout their history in Philadelphia. They currently play at Citizens Bank Park.

closed_qa

Instruction: Given this reference text about the Philadelphia Phillies, how many stadiums have they had and where do they play currently? Context: The franchise was founded in Philadelphia in 1883, replacing the team from Worcester, Massachusetts, in the National League. The team has played at several stadiums in the city, beginning with Recreation Park (1883–1886) and continuing at Baker Bowl (1887–1938); Shibe Park (which was renamed Connie Mack Stadium in 1953 in honor of the longtime Philadelphia Athletics manager Connie Mack) (1938–1970); Veterans Stadium (1971–2003), and now Citizens Bank Park (2004-present). Response: The Phillies have played in five different stadium throughout their history in Philadelphia. They currently play at Citizens Bank Park.

Given this paragraph about magnesium, what is the boiling point of magnesium in celsius?

Elemental magnesium is a gray-white lightweight metal, two-thirds the density of aluminium. Magnesium has the lowest melting (923 K (650 °C)) and the lowest boiling point 1,363 K (1,090 °C) of all the alkaline earth metals.

The boiling point of magnesium is 1,090 °C.

closed_qa

Instruction: Given this paragraph about magnesium, what is the boiling point of magnesium in celsius? Context: Elemental magnesium is a gray-white lightweight metal, two-thirds the density of aluminium. Magnesium has the lowest melting (923 K (650 °C)) and the lowest boiling point 1,363 K (1,090 °C) of all the alkaline earth metals. Response: The boiling point of magnesium is 1,090 °C.

Tell me if these cities are in the United States or England: New York, Manchester, Bath, San Francisco, Oxford

New York: United States, Manchester: England, Bath: England, San Francisco: United States, Oxford: England

classification

Instruction: Tell me if these cities are in the United States or England: New York, Manchester, Bath, San Francisco, Oxford Context: Response: New York: United States, Manchester: England, Bath: England, San Francisco: United States, Oxford: England

Who is William Crump?

William Crump or Crompe (born by 1479 – 1516 or later), of Canterbury, Kent, was an English politician.

Crump was a common councilman of Canterbury by 1500, chamberlain in 1503–1505, an alderman by 1505 and Mayor of Canterbury for 1505–06 and 1509–10. He was elected a Member of Parliament for Canterbury, Kent in 1510.

information_extraction

Instruction: Who is William Crump? Context: William Crump or Crompe (born by 1479 – 1516 or later), of Canterbury, Kent, was an English politician. Response: Crump was a common councilman of Canterbury by 1500, chamberlain in 1503–1505, an alderman by 1505 and Mayor of Canterbury for 1505–06 and 1509–10. He was elected a Member of Parliament for Canterbury, Kent in 1510.

Who are the founders of OpenAI?

OpenAI was founded by by Sam Altman, Reid Hoffman, Ilya Sutskever, Elon Musk, Wojciech Zaremba, Peter Thiel, Jessica Livingston and others in 2015.

open_qa

Instruction: Who are the founders of OpenAI? Context: Response: OpenAI was founded by by Sam Altman, Reid Hoffman, Ilya Sutskever, Elon Musk, Wojciech Zaremba, Peter Thiel, Jessica Livingston and others in 2015.

Which is India's 3rd Company which has crossed $100 billion market capitalization in Intraday trading?

HDFC Bank Ltd

open_qa

Instruction: Which is India's 3rd Company which has crossed $100 billion market capitalization in Intraday trading? Context: Response: HDFC Bank Ltd

Name five teams in the German Bundesliga.

Five teams in the German Bundesliga are Bayern Munich, Union Berlin, RB Leipzig, Dortmund, and Leverkusen.

open_qa

Instruction: Name five teams in the German Bundesliga. Context: Response: Five teams in the German Bundesliga are Bayern Munich, Union Berlin, RB Leipzig, Dortmund, and Leverkusen.

When did the first World war start?

July 28, 1914

open_qa

Instruction: When did the first World war start? Context: Response: July 28, 1914

Identify which car manufacturer is Italian or American: Fiat, Dodge

Dodge is American, Fiat is Italian

classification

Instruction: Identify which car manufacturer is Italian or American: Fiat, Dodge Context: Response: Dodge is American, Fiat is Italian

What was written in Ski-U-Mah?

Shulman was born in St. Paul, Minnesota, and raised in the city's Selby-Dale neighborhood. His father Abraham, a house painter, and his mother Bessie Karchmar were Jewish immigrants from Belarus. As a student at the University of Minnesota, where he was classmate of Thomas Heggen, Thomas R. St. George and Norman Katkov, Shulman wrote a column for the Minnesota Daily as well as pieces for Ski-U-Mah, the college humor magazine. His writing humorously exaggerated campus culture. Shortly after Shulman graduated in 1942, an agent from Doubleday persuaded Shulman to send him some clips, which resulted in the campus satire Barefoot Boy With Cheek, a surprise 1943 bestseller. In 1947 Shulman adapted Barefoot Boy into a musical of the same name.

Ski-U-Mah was the college humor magazine for University of Minnesota. Shulman wrote pieces for Ski-U-Mah humorously exaggerating campus culture. It is not clear from the text what else was written in Ski-U-Mah, but presumably there were other humorous pieces written about topics relating to University of Minnesota.

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Instruction: What was written in Ski-U-Mah? Context: Shulman was born in St. Paul, Minnesota, and raised in the city's Selby-Dale neighborhood. His father Abraham, a house painter, and his mother Bessie Karchmar were Jewish immigrants from Belarus. As a student at the University of Minnesota, where he was classmate of Thomas Heggen, Thomas R. St. George and Norman Katkov, Shulman wrote a column for the Minnesota Daily as well as pieces for Ski-U-Mah, the college humor magazine. His writing humorously exaggerated campus culture. Shortly after Shulman graduated in 1942, an agent from Doubleday persuaded Shulman to send him some clips, which resulted in the campus satire Barefoot Boy With Cheek, a surprise 1943 bestseller. In 1947 Shulman adapted Barefoot Boy into a musical of the same name. Response: Ski-U-Mah was the college humor magazine for University of Minnesota. Shulman wrote pieces for Ski-U-Mah humorously exaggerating campus culture. It is not clear from the text what else was written in Ski-U-Mah, but presumably there were other humorous pieces written about topics relating to University of Minnesota.

Give me a list of all the office main and recurring characters from the first season.

The main and recurring characters in the show The Office in the first season were Michael Scott, Dwight Schrute, Jim Halpert, Pam Beesly, Ryan Howard, Jan Levinson-Gould, Roy Anderson, Stanley Hudson, Kevin Malone, Creed Bratton, Meridith Palmer, Kelly Kapoor, Angela Martin, Toby Flenderson, Oscar Martinez, Darryl Philbin, Phyllis Lapin, and Devon White.

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Instruction: Give me a list of all the office main and recurring characters from the first season. Context: Response: The main and recurring characters in the show The Office in the first season were Michael Scott, Dwight Schrute, Jim Halpert, Pam Beesly, Ryan Howard, Jan Levinson-Gould, Roy Anderson, Stanley Hudson, Kevin Malone, Creed Bratton, Meridith Palmer, Kelly Kapoor, Angela Martin, Toby Flenderson, Oscar Martinez, Darryl Philbin, Phyllis Lapin, and Devon White.

List the television series Kang Se-jung appeared in

Kang Se-jung (born January 15, 1982) is a South Korean actress. She made her entertainment debut as a singer for the K-pop girl group Papaya in 2000; the group released two albums before disbanding in 2001. Kang began acting full-time in 2004, and has appeared in television series such as Assorted Gems (2009) and Heartless City (2013). Upon turning to acting, she used the stage name Go Na-eun before reverting to use of her birth name in 2017.

- Assorted Gems - Heartless City

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Instruction: List the television series Kang Se-jung appeared in Context: Kang Se-jung (born January 15, 1982) is a South Korean actress. She made her entertainment debut as a singer for the K-pop girl group Papaya in 2000; the group released two albums before disbanding in 2001. Kang began acting full-time in 2004, and has appeared in television series such as Assorted Gems (2009) and Heartless City (2013). Upon turning to acting, she used the stage name Go Na-eun before reverting to use of her birth name in 2017. Response: - Assorted Gems - Heartless City

what causes leaves to change color in the fall season

Leaves of trees are green in color most of the year because of chlorophyll. Chlorophyll is used during the photosynthesis process to absorb energy from sunlight which is then converted to sugars that provides trees with the nutrition it needs much like humans do In the fall, as the days gets shorter and temperature drops trees get less direct sunlight and also not much heat elsewhere which starts to break down the chlorophyll. This lack of chlorophyll causes pigmentation in the leaves which makes it turn yellow & orange

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Instruction: what causes leaves to change color in the fall season Context: Response: Leaves of trees are green in color most of the year because of chlorophyll. Chlorophyll is used during the photosynthesis process to absorb energy from sunlight which is then converted to sugars that provides trees with the nutrition it needs much like humans do In the fall, as the days gets shorter and temperature drops trees get less direct sunlight and also not much heat elsewhere which starts to break down the chlorophyll. This lack of chlorophyll causes pigmentation in the leaves which makes it turn yellow & orange

What is daylight saving time?

Daylight saving time is a process where clock time is adjusted on specific days annually so that nightfall starts at a later clock time. Several countries, including Australia, Canada, and the United States participate. In the United States it consists of setting your clock back one hour in the fall, and setting it ahead one hour in the spring.

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Instruction: What is daylight saving time? Context: Response: Daylight saving time is a process where clock time is adjusted on specific days annually so that nightfall starts at a later clock time. Several countries, including Australia, Canada, and the United States participate. In the United States it consists of setting your clock back one hour in the fall, and setting it ahead one hour in the spring.

What are some of the best restaurants to try in Las Vegas, Nevada?

Carbone, Din Tai Fung, Bacchanal Buffet

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Instruction: What are some of the best restaurants to try in Las Vegas, Nevada? Context: Response: Carbone, Din Tai Fung, Bacchanal Buffet

List some of the extinct houses in the series "A Song of Ice and Fire."

Greystark, Fisher, Lothston, Qoherys, Caron, Toyne, Durrendon, Gardener

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Instruction: List some of the extinct houses in the series "A Song of Ice and Fire." Context: Response: Greystark, Fisher, Lothston, Qoherys, Caron, Toyne, Durrendon, Gardener

How do I make a custom-shaped rug?

The easiest way is to buy a normal rug that you can cut down to size to fit your shape. Rugs made out of synthetic materials are easier to cut since they do not need special processing to stop them from getting unthreaded. You should draw an outline on the back on the rug and use a very sharp cutter to trace it. To prevent damage while cutting, you can put a regular kitchen cutting board under your work area. Finally, you can seal the edges either by singeing them, putting a bead of glue or buying adhesive rug edging tape.

brainstorming

Instruction: How do I make a custom-shaped rug? Context: Response: The easiest way is to buy a normal rug that you can cut down to size to fit your shape. Rugs made out of synthetic materials are easier to cut since they do not need special processing to stop them from getting unthreaded. You should draw an outline on the back on the rug and use a very sharp cutter to trace it. To prevent damage while cutting, you can put a regular kitchen cutting board under your work area. Finally, you can seal the edges either by singeing them, putting a bead of glue or buying adhesive rug edging tape.

Give me a numbered list of non Indian cricket players who made their debut in Indian Premier League (IPL) before they played a single first class match

1. Dewald Brevis, South Africa 2. Krishmar Santokie Jamaica 3. Mujeeb Ur Rahman, Afghanistan 4. Sandeep Lamichhane, Nepal 5. Chris Green, Australia 6. Tim David, Australia

brainstorming

Instruction: Give me a numbered list of non Indian cricket players who made their debut in Indian Premier League (IPL) before they played a single first class match Context: Response: 1. Dewald Brevis, South Africa 2. Krishmar Santokie Jamaica 3. Mujeeb Ur Rahman, Afghanistan 4. Sandeep Lamichhane, Nepal 5. Chris Green, Australia 6. Tim David, Australia

Where can I ride roller coasters in the united states?

Here are some of the places you can ride roller coasters in the united states: Hersheypark in Hershey, Pennsylvania; Universal Studios in Orlando, Florida; Disneyland in Anaheim, California; Cedar Point in Sandusky, Ohio; Busch Gardens in Williamsburg, Virginia; Silver Dollar City, Branson, Missouri; Magic Mountain in Valencia, CA; Kings Island in Mason, Ohio; Dollywood in Pigeon Forge, Tennessee; Knoebels in Elysburg, Pennsylvania; Hersheypark in Hershey, Pennsylvania; Knott’s Berry Farm in Buena Park, California; Sea World in Orlado, Florida; Kennywood in West Mifflin, Pennsylvania; Holiday World in Santa Claus, Indiana; or Carowinds in Charlotte, North Carolina.

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Instruction: Where can I ride roller coasters in the united states? Context: Response: Here are some of the places you can ride roller coasters in the united states: Hersheypark in Hershey, Pennsylvania; Universal Studios in Orlando, Florida; Disneyland in Anaheim, California; Cedar Point in Sandusky, Ohio; Busch Gardens in Williamsburg, Virginia; Silver Dollar City, Branson, Missouri; Magic Mountain in Valencia, CA; Kings Island in Mason, Ohio; Dollywood in Pigeon Forge, Tennessee; Knoebels in Elysburg, Pennsylvania; Hersheypark in Hershey, Pennsylvania; Knott’s Berry Farm in Buena Park, California; Sea World in Orlado, Florida; Kennywood in West Mifflin, Pennsylvania; Holiday World in Santa Claus, Indiana; or Carowinds in Charlotte, North Carolina.

Given this paragraph, who was Ayrton Senna's teammate at McLaren-Honda?

Ayrton Senna began his motorsport career in karting, moved up to open-wheel racing in 1981 and won the 1983 British Formula Three Championship. He made his Formula One debut with Toleman-Hart in 1984, before moving to Lotus-Renault the following year and winning six Grands Prix over the next three seasons. In 1988, he joined Frenchman Alain Prost at McLaren-Honda. Between them, they won all but one of the 16 Grands Prix that year, and Senna claimed his first World Championship. Prost claimed the championship in 1989, and Senna his second and third championships in 1990 and 1991. In 1992, the Williams-Renault combination began to dominate Formula One. Senna nonetheless managed to finish the 1993 season as runner-up, winning five races and negotiating a move to Williams in 1994.

While at McLaren-Honda, Alain Prost was Ayrton Senna's teammate.

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Instruction: Given this paragraph, who was Ayrton Senna's teammate at McLaren-Honda? Context: Ayrton Senna began his motorsport career in karting, moved up to open-wheel racing in 1981 and won the 1983 British Formula Three Championship. He made his Formula One debut with Toleman-Hart in 1984, before moving to Lotus-Renault the following year and winning six Grands Prix over the next three seasons. In 1988, he joined Frenchman Alain Prost at McLaren-Honda. Between them, they won all but one of the 16 Grands Prix that year, and Senna claimed his first World Championship. Prost claimed the championship in 1989, and Senna his second and third championships in 1990 and 1991. In 1992, the Williams-Renault combination began to dominate Formula One. Senna nonetheless managed to finish the 1993 season as runner-up, winning five races and negotiating a move to Williams in 1994. Response: While at McLaren-Honda, Alain Prost was Ayrton Senna's teammate.

How many national high school records does Shana Woods currently hold based on the paragraph?

Shana Woods (born July 7, 1988 in Bellflower, California) is an American track and field athlete. She holds the current national high school record in the multiple event heptathlon, which she set while attending Long Beach Polytechnic High School in Long Beach, California. She has exhibited proficiency in a variety of events. While still a sophomore at Long Beach Poly, she joined her teammates, including senior Shalonda Solomon in setting national high school records in the 4 × 400 metres relay, 4 × 200 metres relay and indoor 4 × 400 metres relay. All those records still stand. The indoor record also counts as the current U.S. Junior record.

Shana Woods holds 4 national high school records currently

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Instruction: How many national high school records does Shana Woods currently hold based on the paragraph? Context: Shana Woods (born July 7, 1988 in Bellflower, California) is an American track and field athlete. She holds the current national high school record in the multiple event heptathlon, which she set while attending Long Beach Polytechnic High School in Long Beach, California. She has exhibited proficiency in a variety of events. While still a sophomore at Long Beach Poly, she joined her teammates, including senior Shalonda Solomon in setting national high school records in the 4 × 400 metres relay, 4 × 200 metres relay and indoor 4 × 400 metres relay. All those records still stand. The indoor record also counts as the current U.S. Junior record. Response: Shana Woods holds 4 national high school records currently

Given these paragraphs about the Tesla bot, where and when was it announced?

Optimus, also known as Tesla Bot, is a conceptual general-purpose robotic humanoid under development by Tesla, Inc. It was announced at the company's Artificial Intelligence (AI) Day event on August 19, 2021. CEO Elon Musk claimed during the event that Tesla would likely build a prototype by 2022. Musk is on record having said that he thinks Optimus "has the potential to be more significant than the vehicle business over time." Tesla Bot is planned to measure 5 ft 8 in (173 cm) tall and weigh 125 lb (57 kg). According to the presentation made during the first AI Day event, a Tesla Bot will be "controlled by the same AI system Tesla is developing for the advanced driver-assistance system used in its cars" and have a carrying capacity of 45 lb (20 kg). Proposed tasks for the product are ones that are "dangerous, repetitive and boring", such as providing manufacturing assistance. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimus_(robot)

It was announced at the company's Artificial Intelligence (AI) Day event on August 19, 2021.

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Instruction: Given these paragraphs about the Tesla bot, where and when was it announced? Context: Optimus, also known as Tesla Bot, is a conceptual general-purpose robotic humanoid under development by Tesla, Inc. It was announced at the company's Artificial Intelligence (AI) Day event on August 19, 2021. CEO Elon Musk claimed during the event that Tesla would likely build a prototype by 2022. Musk is on record having said that he thinks Optimus "has the potential to be more significant than the vehicle business over time." Tesla Bot is planned to measure 5 ft 8 in (173 cm) tall and weigh 125 lb (57 kg). According to the presentation made during the first AI Day event, a Tesla Bot will be "controlled by the same AI system Tesla is developing for the advanced driver-assistance system used in its cars" and have a carrying capacity of 45 lb (20 kg). Proposed tasks for the product are ones that are "dangerous, repetitive and boring", such as providing manufacturing assistance. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimus_(robot) Response: It was announced at the company's Artificial Intelligence (AI) Day event on August 19, 2021.

What are brambles?

A bramble is any rough, tangled, prickly shrub, usually in the genus Rubus, which grows blackberries, raspberries, or dewberries. "Bramble" is also used to describe other prickly shrubs, such as roses (Rosa species). The fruits include blackberries, arctic brambleberries, or raspberries, depending on the species, and are used to make jellies, jams, and preserves.

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Instruction: What are brambles? Context: Response: A bramble is any rough, tangled, prickly shrub, usually in the genus Rubus, which grows blackberries, raspberries, or dewberries. "Bramble" is also used to describe other prickly shrubs, such as roses (Rosa species). The fruits include blackberries, arctic brambleberries, or raspberries, depending on the species, and are used to make jellies, jams, and preserves.

Classify each of the following as supercar or hypercar: Lamborghini Huracán, Ferrari 488GTB, Aston Martin Vantage, or Bugatti Veryron.

The Lamborghini Huracán is a supercar, the Ferrari 488GTB is a supercar, the Aston Martin Vantage is a supercar, and the Bugatti Veryron is a hypercar.

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Instruction: Classify each of the following as supercar or hypercar: Lamborghini Huracán, Ferrari 488GTB, Aston Martin Vantage, or Bugatti Veryron. Context: Response: The Lamborghini Huracán is a supercar, the Ferrari 488GTB is a supercar, the Aston Martin Vantage is a supercar, and the Bugatti Veryron is a hypercar.

Based on this paragraph about the Final Fantasy series, who created it?

Final Fantasy is a Japanese science fantasy anthology media franchise created by Hironobu Sakaguchi and developed and owned by Square Enix (formerly Square). The franchise centers on a series of fantasy and science fantasy role-playing video games. The first game in the series was released in 1987, with 15 numbered main entries having been released to date.

Hironobu Sakaguchi

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Instruction: Based on this paragraph about the Final Fantasy series, who created it? Context: Final Fantasy is a Japanese science fantasy anthology media franchise created by Hironobu Sakaguchi and developed and owned by Square Enix (formerly Square). The franchise centers on a series of fantasy and science fantasy role-playing video games. The first game in the series was released in 1987, with 15 numbered main entries having been released to date. Response: Hironobu Sakaguchi

Is Ireland a good surf spot?

Yes it is. Ireland is seen as one of the best hidden gems for surfing in the world particularly in winter when waves can reach heights of 40ft+. Global professionals such as Kelly Slater, Mick Fanning and Stephanie Gilmore travel to Ireland on a regular basis for the surf. Some recommended areas for surfing are, Sligo Tramore Beach, Bundoran, Dunfanaghy or most West Coast beaches that attract a larger swell. The water is cold 365 days of the year with highest temperatures of 14 degrees Celsius in the Summer so a 5ml thick wetsuit is recommend all year round.

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Instruction: Is Ireland a good surf spot? Context: Response: Yes it is. Ireland is seen as one of the best hidden gems for surfing in the world particularly in winter when waves can reach heights of 40ft+. Global professionals such as Kelly Slater, Mick Fanning and Stephanie Gilmore travel to Ireland on a regular basis for the surf. Some recommended areas for surfing are, Sligo Tramore Beach, Bundoran, Dunfanaghy or most West Coast beaches that attract a larger swell. The water is cold 365 days of the year with highest temperatures of 14 degrees Celsius in the Summer so a 5ml thick wetsuit is recommend all year round.

Which golf tournaments are considered majors in the PGA?

The Masters, The U.S. Open, The Open Championship and the PGA Championship

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Instruction: Which golf tournaments are considered majors in the PGA? Context: Response: The Masters, The U.S. Open, The Open Championship and the PGA Championship

Why should people drive cars with manual transmissions?

People should drive cars with manual transmissions because it forces drivers to be more engaged while driving and lowers the incidence of distracted driving, making it the safest choice overall. Environmental concerns about fossil fuels aside, one of the biggest issues with driving today is distracted driving. With improvements in cruise control technology and other driver assistance functions like lane keep assist, cars are taking over more of the driving process than ever before. While the intent is to make it safer for drivers, it also has the unintended consequence of making easier for drivers to be distracted. Cars with manual transmissions not only force greater engagement and focus, but they are also either incompatible with, or only compatible with lesser versions of, certain driver assistance features like adaptive cruise control because lowering the speed while not being able to change the gear (which is manual) could cause the car to stall. Paradoxically, by increasing the required inputs and decreasing the number of driver assistance features, driving a manual transmission car is safest.

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Instruction: Why should people drive cars with manual transmissions? Context: Response: People should drive cars with manual transmissions because it forces drivers to be more engaged while driving and lowers the incidence of distracted driving, making it the safest choice overall. Environmental concerns about fossil fuels aside, one of the biggest issues with driving today is distracted driving. With improvements in cruise control technology and other driver assistance functions like lane keep assist, cars are taking over more of the driving process than ever before. While the intent is to make it safer for drivers, it also has the unintended consequence of making easier for drivers to be distracted. Cars with manual transmissions not only force greater engagement and focus, but they are also either incompatible with, or only compatible with lesser versions of, certain driver assistance features like adaptive cruise control because lowering the speed while not being able to change the gear (which is manual) could cause the car to stall. Paradoxically, by increasing the required inputs and decreasing the number of driver assistance features, driving a manual transmission car is safest.

Where are the best places to purchase fabric for your sewing projects?

Depending on your project, there are a couple of stores that can be your go-to for purchasing supplies, particularly fabric: 1 - Joann has lots of options and frequently has sales and coupons that allow you to get your fabric at a discount. They offer most types of fabrics, but lack lots of options for some specialized ones, like cotton lawn and velvet. They also offer an abundance of other supplies that you might need to complete your project. 2 - Spoonflower is a platform for artists/designers to get their artwork/patterns printed on various types of fabrics. The options range from basic quilting cotton to Belgian linen. This store also frequently has sales to ensure you're getting your fabric at the best price. If you're looking for a specific pattern and unique type of fabric, this is your go-to. 3 - Fabric.com (owned by Amazon) is another great option with multiple types of fabrics at a range of price points. You also get fast and free shipping since the store operates under Amazon. 4 - Etsy is another marketplace for unique fabrics from individual vendors across the world. The price points are more variable, but you could find something unique depending on what your project is. Overall, the store you shop at will depend on the nature of your project, type of fabric you're looking for, and budget. The good news is, you're bound to find what you need at one of these stores.

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Instruction: Where are the best places to purchase fabric for your sewing projects? Context: Response: Depending on your project, there are a couple of stores that can be your go-to for purchasing supplies, particularly fabric: 1 - Joann has lots of options and frequently has sales and coupons that allow you to get your fabric at a discount. They offer most types of fabrics, but lack lots of options for some specialized ones, like cotton lawn and velvet. They also offer an abundance of other supplies that you might need to complete your project. 2 - Spoonflower is a platform for artists/designers to get their artwork/patterns printed on various types of fabrics. The options range from basic quilting cotton to Belgian linen. This store also frequently has sales to ensure you're getting your fabric at the best price. If you're looking for a specific pattern and unique type of fabric, this is your go-to. 3 - Fabric.com (owned by Amazon) is another great option with multiple types of fabrics at a range of price points. You also get fast and free shipping since the store operates under Amazon. 4 - Etsy is another marketplace for unique fabrics from individual vendors across the world. The price points are more variable, but you could find something unique depending on what your project is. Overall, the store you shop at will depend on the nature of your project, type of fabric you're looking for, and budget. The good news is, you're bound to find what you need at one of these stores.

Which of the following are models of hoka running shoes? Clifton, ghost, superblast, rincon

Clifton and Rincon are models of Hoka running shoes

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Instruction: Which of the following are models of hoka running shoes? Clifton, ghost, superblast, rincon Context: Response: Clifton and Rincon are models of Hoka running shoes

What teams were a part of the 2021 Valletta Cup?

The 2021 Valletta Cup was a Twenty20 International (T20I) cricket tournament held in Malta between 21 and 24 October 2021. It was the second edition of the Valletta Cup. The matches were played at the Marsa Sports Club in Marsa. The participating teams were the hosts Malta along with Bulgaria, Gibraltar and Switzerland. This was the first international tournament for Switzerland since the introduction of global T20I status in January 2019, and their re-admittance to the International Cricket Council (ICC) in July 2021. Cricket Switzerland (previously known as the Swiss Cricket Association), had been suspended by the ICC in 2012 due to non-compliance following the formation of a second organization also claiming to oversee cricket in the country. They were one of three nations to gain Associate membership after the ICC's annual general meeting in July 2021. Switzerland finished on top of the round-robin stage with three wins. Malta defeated Switzerland in the final, after Bulgaria defeated Gibraltar in the third-place playoff. After the tournament, Malta and Gibraltar played a rain-affected two-match bilateral T20I series that was shared after one game was lost to the weather and the other finished as a DLS method tie.

Malta, Bulgaria, Gibraltar & Switzerland were of the participating teams in the 2021 Valletta Cup.

summarization

Instruction: What teams were a part of the 2021 Valletta Cup? Context: The 2021 Valletta Cup was a Twenty20 International (T20I) cricket tournament held in Malta between 21 and 24 October 2021. It was the second edition of the Valletta Cup. The matches were played at the Marsa Sports Club in Marsa. The participating teams were the hosts Malta along with Bulgaria, Gibraltar and Switzerland. This was the first international tournament for Switzerland since the introduction of global T20I status in January 2019, and their re-admittance to the International Cricket Council (ICC) in July 2021. Cricket Switzerland (previously known as the Swiss Cricket Association), had been suspended by the ICC in 2012 due to non-compliance following the formation of a second organization also claiming to oversee cricket in the country. They were one of three nations to gain Associate membership after the ICC's annual general meeting in July 2021. Switzerland finished on top of the round-robin stage with three wins. Malta defeated Switzerland in the final, after Bulgaria defeated Gibraltar in the third-place playoff. After the tournament, Malta and Gibraltar played a rain-affected two-match bilateral T20I series that was shared after one game was lost to the weather and the other finished as a DLS method tie. Response: Malta, Bulgaria, Gibraltar & Switzerland were of the participating teams in the 2021 Valletta Cup.

Give me a bulleted list of the different ways coffee can be brewed.

Coffee drinks are made by brewing water with ground coffee beans. The brewing is either done slowly by drip, filter, French press, cafetière or percolator, or done very quickly under pressure by an espresso machine. When put under the pressure of an espresso machine, the coffee is termed espresso while slow-brewed coffees are generally termed brewed coffee. While all coffee drinks are based on either coffee or espresso, some drinks add milk or cream, some are made with steamed milk or non-dairy milks, or add water (like the americano). Upon milk additions, coffee's flavor can vary with different syrups or sweeteners, alcoholic liqueurs, and even combinations of coffee with espresso or tea. There are many variations to the basic coffee or espresso bases.

Different methods of brewing coffee: - Slow-brewed coffee - Drip - Filter - French press - Cafetière - Percolator - Espresso machine

summarization

Instruction: Give me a bulleted list of the different ways coffee can be brewed. Context: Coffee drinks are made by brewing water with ground coffee beans. The brewing is either done slowly by drip, filter, French press, cafetière or percolator, or done very quickly under pressure by an espresso machine. When put under the pressure of an espresso machine, the coffee is termed espresso while slow-brewed coffees are generally termed brewed coffee. While all coffee drinks are based on either coffee or espresso, some drinks add milk or cream, some are made with steamed milk or non-dairy milks, or add water (like the americano). Upon milk additions, coffee's flavor can vary with different syrups or sweeteners, alcoholic liqueurs, and even combinations of coffee with espresso or tea. There are many variations to the basic coffee or espresso bases. Response: Different methods of brewing coffee: - Slow-brewed coffee - Drip - Filter - French press - Cafetière - Percolator - Espresso machine

What is SCSS?

The Sassy Cascading Style Sheets (SCSS) is basically a more advanced and evolved variant of the CSS language. Natalie Weizenbaum and Chris Eppstein created it, and Hampton Catlin designed it. It comes with more advanced features- thus often called Sassy CSS.

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Instruction: What is SCSS? Context: Response: The Sassy Cascading Style Sheets (SCSS) is basically a more advanced and evolved variant of the CSS language. Natalie Weizenbaum and Chris Eppstein created it, and Hampton Catlin designed it. It comes with more advanced features- thus often called Sassy CSS.

Healthy choice for kids or unhealthy: French Fries, Banana, Candy, Vegetables

Fruits like Banana and Vegetables are healthy choices for kids. They love fried food and sweets. These should be consumed moderately. French Fries and Candy are unhealthy choices.

classification

Instruction: Healthy choice for kids or unhealthy: French Fries, Banana, Candy, Vegetables Context: Response: Fruits like Banana and Vegetables are healthy choices for kids. They love fried food and sweets. These should be consumed moderately. French Fries and Candy are unhealthy choices.

What are some of the most popular card games?

- Poker - Bridge - Blackjack - Rummy - Crazy Eights - Spades - Hearts - War - Solitaire

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Instruction: What are some of the most popular card games? Context: Response: - Poker - Bridge - Blackjack - Rummy - Crazy Eights - Spades - Hearts - War - Solitaire

What is an unsecured loan?

Unsecured loans are monetary loans that are not secured against the borrower's assets.

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Instruction: What is an unsecured loan? Context: Response: Unsecured loans are monetary loans that are not secured against the borrower's assets.

Make a packing list for a picnic at the beach.

You should bring the following items for a picnic at the beach: Sunscreen, sunglasses, beach towels, umbrella, folding beach chairs, ice chest, drinks, ice, sandwiches, chips and salsa.

brainstorming

Instruction: Make a packing list for a picnic at the beach. Context: Response: You should bring the following items for a picnic at the beach: Sunscreen, sunglasses, beach towels, umbrella, folding beach chairs, ice chest, drinks, ice, sandwiches, chips and salsa.

What year did Wyoming become a state?

1890

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Instruction: What year did Wyoming become a state? Context: Response: 1890

Which characters belong to DC or Marvel Universe? Shazam, Thor

Thor is Marvel, Shazam is DC

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Instruction: Which characters belong to DC or Marvel Universe? Shazam, Thor Context: Response: Thor is Marvel, Shazam is DC

Which NBA franchises have the most championships?

The Los Angeles Lakers and Boston Celtics each have 17 NBA championships, the most of any team.

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Instruction: Which NBA franchises have the most championships? Context: Response: The Los Angeles Lakers and Boston Celtics each have 17 NBA championships, the most of any team.

What medicinal plants should I grow in my Mid-Atlantic garden?

Echinacea Elder Bee balm Lemon balm Mullein Burdock Yarrow Wood Betony

brainstorming

Instruction: What medicinal plants should I grow in my Mid-Atlantic garden? Context: Response: Echinacea Elder Bee balm Lemon balm Mullein Burdock Yarrow Wood Betony

When would a railway be considered a heritage railway?

A heritage railway or heritage railroad (US usage) is a railway operated as living history to re-create or preserve railway scenes of the past. Heritage railways are often old railway lines preserved in a state depicting a period (or periods) in the history of rail transport. The British Office of Rail and Road defines heritage railways as follows:...'lines of local interest', museum railways or tourist railways that have retained or assumed the character and appearance and operating practices of railways of former times. Several lines that operate in isolation provide genuine transport facilities, providing community links. Most lines constitute tourist or educational attractions in their own right. Much of the rolling stock and other equipment used on these systems is original and is of historic value in its own right. Many systems aim to replicate both the look and operating practices of historic former railways companies.

Generally speaking, a railway can be considered a heritage railway when it assumes the appearance, characteristics, and operations of that railway from a period(s) in its past. These railways are often old and have been intentionally preserved to maintain its operating practices from prior times, purposely keeping equipment and processes original to a period in the past. Many of these heritage railways are preserved for educational purposes or as tourist attractions.

summarization

Instruction: When would a railway be considered a heritage railway? Context: A heritage railway or heritage railroad (US usage) is a railway operated as living history to re-create or preserve railway scenes of the past. Heritage railways are often old railway lines preserved in a state depicting a period (or periods) in the history of rail transport. The British Office of Rail and Road defines heritage railways as follows:...'lines of local interest', museum railways or tourist railways that have retained or assumed the character and appearance and operating practices of railways of former times. Several lines that operate in isolation provide genuine transport facilities, providing community links. Most lines constitute tourist or educational attractions in their own right. Much of the rolling stock and other equipment used on these systems is original and is of historic value in its own right. Many systems aim to replicate both the look and operating practices of historic former railways companies. Response: Generally speaking, a railway can be considered a heritage railway when it assumes the appearance, characteristics, and operations of that railway from a period(s) in its past. These railways are often old and have been intentionally preserved to maintain its operating practices from prior times, purposely keeping equipment and processes original to a period in the past. Many of these heritage railways are preserved for educational purposes or as tourist attractions.

Tell me whether these are shoes or clothing brands: Nike, Tommy Hilfiger, Adidas, Levi's, Reebok, Puma, Wrangler.

Nike is a shoe brand. Tommy Hilfiger is a clothing brand. Adidas is a shoe brand, Levi's is a clothing brand. Reebok is a shoe brand. Puma is a shoe brand. Wrangler is a clothing brand.

classification

Instruction: Tell me whether these are shoes or clothing brands: Nike, Tommy Hilfiger, Adidas, Levi's, Reebok, Puma, Wrangler. Context: Response: Nike is a shoe brand. Tommy Hilfiger is a clothing brand. Adidas is a shoe brand, Levi's is a clothing brand. Reebok is a shoe brand. Puma is a shoe brand. Wrangler is a clothing brand.

What state was Margaret Hall from?

Margaret Hall (1876 – 1963) was a volunteer for the American Red Cross during World War I and a photographer who captured images of the conflict. Margaret Hall was a native of Newton, Massachusetts. She was from an affluent family and later inherited and ran her father's woolen mill. In 1899, she graduated from Bryn Mawr College with a degree in history and political science. She was a suffragist who marched in the 1913 Woman Suffrage Procession and also participated in the 1913 Ladies Garment Strike.

Margaret Hall was from Massachusetts.

information_extraction

Instruction: What state was Margaret Hall from? Context: Margaret Hall (1876 – 1963) was a volunteer for the American Red Cross during World War I and a photographer who captured images of the conflict. Margaret Hall was a native of Newton, Massachusetts. She was from an affluent family and later inherited and ran her father's woolen mill. In 1899, she graduated from Bryn Mawr College with a degree in history and political science. She was a suffragist who marched in the 1913 Woman Suffrage Procession and also participated in the 1913 Ladies Garment Strike. Response: Margaret Hall was from Massachusetts.

What kind of grand prix is the 1932 Australian Grand Prix

The 1932 Australian Grand Prix was a motor race held at the Phillip Island circuit in Victoria, Australia on 14 March 1932. It was the fifth Australian Grand Prix and the fifth to be held at Phillip Island. The race was organized by the Light Car Club of Australia, formerly known as the Victorian Light Car Club, and was limited to cars having an engine with a piston displacement of 2000cc or less. It was the first Australian Grand Prix to be decided on a straight handicap basis, with the winner being the first car to complete the 31 laps. The two "scratch" competitors had to concede starts ranging up to 29 minutes, equating to an advantage of four laps. The previous practice of cars contesting four classes was discontinued. Weather conditions were reported to be "ideal". The race, in which there were 18 starters, was won by Bill Thompson driving a Bugatti. Thompson was also awarded the Herald Trophy for recording the fastest time of the race.

The 1932 Australian Grand Prix was a motor race held at the Phillip Island circuit in Victoria, Australia on 14 March 1932. It was the fifth Australian Grand Prix and the fifth to be held at Phillip Island. The race was organized by the Light Car Club of Australia, formerly known as the Victorian Light Car Club, and was limited to cars having an engine with a piston displacement of 2000cc or less. It was the first Australian Grand Prix to be decided on a straight handicap basis, with the winner being the first car to complete the 31 laps. The two "scratch" competitors had to concede starts ranging up to 29 minutes, equating to an advantage of four laps. The previous practice of cars contesting four classes was discontinued. Weather conditions were reported to be "ideal". The race, in which there were 18 starters, was won by Bill Thompson driving a Bugatti. Thompson was also awarded the Herald Trophy for recording the fastest time of the race.

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Instruction: What kind of grand prix is the 1932 Australian Grand Prix Context: The 1932 Australian Grand Prix was a motor race held at the Phillip Island circuit in Victoria, Australia on 14 March 1932. It was the fifth Australian Grand Prix and the fifth to be held at Phillip Island. The race was organized by the Light Car Club of Australia, formerly known as the Victorian Light Car Club, and was limited to cars having an engine with a piston displacement of 2000cc or less. It was the first Australian Grand Prix to be decided on a straight handicap basis, with the winner being the first car to complete the 31 laps. The two "scratch" competitors had to concede starts ranging up to 29 minutes, equating to an advantage of four laps. The previous practice of cars contesting four classes was discontinued. Weather conditions were reported to be "ideal". The race, in which there were 18 starters, was won by Bill Thompson driving a Bugatti. Thompson was also awarded the Herald Trophy for recording the fastest time of the race. Response: The 1932 Australian Grand Prix was a motor race held at the Phillip Island circuit in Victoria, Australia on 14 March 1932. It was the fifth Australian Grand Prix and the fifth to be held at Phillip Island. The race was organized by the Light Car Club of Australia, formerly known as the Victorian Light Car Club, and was limited to cars having an engine with a piston displacement of 2000cc or less. It was the first Australian Grand Prix to be decided on a straight handicap basis, with the winner being the first car to complete the 31 laps. The two "scratch" competitors had to concede starts ranging up to 29 minutes, equating to an advantage of four laps. The previous practice of cars contesting four classes was discontinued. Weather conditions were reported to be "ideal". The race, in which there were 18 starters, was won by Bill Thompson driving a Bugatti. Thompson was also awarded the Herald Trophy for recording the fastest time of the race.

What is one of Poseidon's many powers?

The Call to Adventure The hero begins in a situation of normality from which some information is received that acts as a call to head off into the unknown. According to Campbell, this region is represented by a distant land, a forest, a kingdom underground, beneath the waves, or above the sky, a secret island, lofty mountaintop, or profound dream state; but it is always a place of strangely fluid and polymorphous beings, unimaginable torments, superhuman deeds, and impossible delight. The hero can go forth of their own volition to accomplish the adventure, as did Theseus when he arrived in his father's city, Athens, and heard the horrible history of the Minotaur; or they may be carried or sent abroad by some benign or malignant agent as was Odysseus, driven about the Mediterranean by the winds of the angered god, Poseidon. The adventure may begin as a mere blunder... or still, again, one may be only casually strolling when some passing phenomenon catches the wandering eye and lures one away from the frequented paths of man. Examples might be multiplied, ad infinitum, from every corner of the world.

Poseidon has power to control the winds that guide ships on the seas of the Mediterranean.

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Instruction: What is one of Poseidon's many powers? Context: The Call to Adventure The hero begins in a situation of normality from which some information is received that acts as a call to head off into the unknown. According to Campbell, this region is represented by a distant land, a forest, a kingdom underground, beneath the waves, or above the sky, a secret island, lofty mountaintop, or profound dream state; but it is always a place of strangely fluid and polymorphous beings, unimaginable torments, superhuman deeds, and impossible delight. The hero can go forth of their own volition to accomplish the adventure, as did Theseus when he arrived in his father's city, Athens, and heard the horrible history of the Minotaur; or they may be carried or sent abroad by some benign or malignant agent as was Odysseus, driven about the Mediterranean by the winds of the angered god, Poseidon. The adventure may begin as a mere blunder... or still, again, one may be only casually strolling when some passing phenomenon catches the wandering eye and lures one away from the frequented paths of man. Examples might be multiplied, ad infinitum, from every corner of the world. Response: Poseidon has power to control the winds that guide ships on the seas of the Mediterranean.

Tell me whether these are rivers or oceans: Nile, Amazon, Ganges, Hudson, Rhine

These are rivers.

classification

Instruction: Tell me whether these are rivers or oceans: Nile, Amazon, Ganges, Hudson, Rhine Context: Response: These are rivers.

Write a friendly letter to my landlord, convincing them to let me get a cat. His name is George and my name is Steve. I live alone in Unit 2C and I work long hours. Include details regarding my rental contract that currently only permits dogs under 25 pounds and caged animals and requires pet deposit and rent. Give him examples as to why those animals are not ideal (include my dog allergy) and why a cat is better. Let him know I plan a robotic vacuum and mop to keep things clean. Tell him I've already found a potential pet at the local animal shelter, who is a two-year-old shelter cat who is housebroken and friendly. Remind him that Unit 2C does not have any carpeted floors and a tiled bathroom which is good for the future litter box. Convince him I'm open to a conversation to discuss further.

Hello, George, This is Steve in Unit 2C. I hope your day is going well. I have a request I would like to ask of you. As you know, I live alone. I have been considering getting a pet for companionship, but after reviewing my rental contract, I noticed the only permitted animals are small dogs and animals that can be kept in a tank, like hamsters and fish. I am hoping you would reconsider these restrictions and allow me to have a cat. I am more than willing to resign a rental contract to include the requisite pet deposit and pet rent. I thought about a dog, since those animals are already in the contract, but I don't want a dog. Since I work long hours, it's not ideal to have a dog in my unit. My unit is small and could be claustrophobic for a dog who has a lot of energy. I also don't want to leave a dog alone because it may bark and disturb the other tenants in the building. Dogs also urinate and defecate in the shared yard around the property, which is gross, considering not everyone picks up after their dogs. Also, I am allergic to dogs, so this rules out dogs. I also considered a hamster or fish, but I am reluctant to have either of those, as well. Firstly, they do not offer the same cuddly companionship of a cat. If a hamster got loose, it could cause far more damage to a unit than a cat could -- the hamster could defecate in many areas, chew electrical wires, and chew through drywall. Fish pose a problem if the tank cracks or breaks, which would cause lots of water damage to the flooring. I recognize there are drawbacks to any pet, including cats, and I understand that some landlords are reluctant to permit cats, because there is an impression that cats may be more destructive, such as peeing in inappropriate places. However, I believe a cat is the least-destructive option of all. As my unit is not carpeted, I don't believe persistent urination stains will be an issue. Cats are easy to litter box train and I plan to put the litter box in the tiled bathroom where there is no opportunity for urine to get into the subfloor. Cats are less destructive than dogs, because they don't chew on things like furniture and doorways. Cats also are not nearly as loud as barking dogs. I have already looked into pets at the local animal shelter and found a possible new roommate, who is a friendly two-year-old cat and is housebroken and box-trained. This is an ideal pet, since I don't have to risk accidents with box-training a kitten, and it's unlikely the cat will be destructive if it's already housebroken. I believe a cat would be the ideal companion for me, given my work schedule and my preference for my ideal pet. I am happy to discuss my desire in person and further elaborate my plan on how I will continue to maintain a clean and tidy unit with a cat, such as purchasing an automatic robot vacuum and mop to ensure an extra clean space. Please consider my request. I look forward to your response. Sincerely, Steve

creative_writing

Instruction: Write a friendly letter to my landlord, convincing them to let me get a cat. His name is George and my name is Steve. I live alone in Unit 2C and I work long hours. Include details regarding my rental contract that currently only permits dogs under 25 pounds and caged animals and requires pet deposit and rent. Give him examples as to why those animals are not ideal (include my dog allergy) and why a cat is better. Let him know I plan a robotic vacuum and mop to keep things clean. Tell him I've already found a potential pet at the local animal shelter, who is a two-year-old shelter cat who is housebroken and friendly. Remind him that Unit 2C does not have any carpeted floors and a tiled bathroom which is good for the future litter box. Convince him I'm open to a conversation to discuss further. Context: Response: Hello, George, This is Steve in Unit 2C. I hope your day is going well. I have a request I would like to ask of you. As you know, I live alone. I have been considering getting a pet for companionship, but after reviewing my rental contract, I noticed the only permitted animals are small dogs and animals that can be kept in a tank, like hamsters and fish. I am hoping you would reconsider these restrictions and allow me to have a cat. I am more than willing to resign a rental contract to include the requisite pet deposit and pet rent. I thought about a dog, since those animals are already in the contract, but I don't want a dog. Since I work long hours, it's not ideal to have a dog in my unit. My unit is small and could be claustrophobic for a dog who has a lot of energy. I also don't want to leave a dog alone because it may bark and disturb the other tenants in the building. Dogs also urinate and defecate in the shared yard around the property, which is gross, considering not everyone picks up after their dogs. Also, I am allergic to dogs, so this rules out dogs. I also considered a hamster or fish, but I am reluctant to have either of those, as well. Firstly, they do not offer the same cuddly companionship of a cat. If a hamster got loose, it could cause far more damage to a unit than a cat could -- the hamster could defecate in many areas, chew electrical wires, and chew through drywall. Fish pose a problem if the tank cracks or breaks, which would cause lots of water damage to the flooring. I recognize there are drawbacks to any pet, including cats, and I understand that some landlords are reluctant to permit cats, because there is an impression that cats may be more destructive, such as peeing in inappropriate places. However, I believe a cat is the least-destructive option of all. As my unit is not carpeted, I don't believe persistent urination stains will be an issue. Cats are easy to litter box train and I plan to put the litter box in the tiled bathroom where there is no opportunity for urine to get into the subfloor. Cats are less destructive than dogs, because they don't chew on things like furniture and doorways. Cats also are not nearly as loud as barking dogs. I have already looked into pets at the local animal shelter and found a possible new roommate, who is a friendly two-year-old cat and is housebroken and box-trained. This is an ideal pet, since I don't have to risk accidents with box-training a kitten, and it's unlikely the cat will be destructive if it's already housebroken. I believe a cat would be the ideal companion for me, given my work schedule and my preference for my ideal pet. I am happy to discuss my desire in person and further elaborate my plan on how I will continue to maintain a clean and tidy unit with a cat, such as purchasing an automatic robot vacuum and mop to ensure an extra clean space. Please consider my request. I look forward to your response. Sincerely, Steve

What is elite shungite?

Elite shungite is a rare stone that comes from the Karelia region of Russia. There is no place in the world other than Russia where you can source this stone. It is around 2 billion years old. It is a a rare positive stone and is one of the only known natural materials known to contain fullerenes. Fullerenes are are powerful antioxidants. When these fullerenes get into our body its one of the best ways to fight free radicals.

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Instruction: What is elite shungite? Context: Response: Elite shungite is a rare stone that comes from the Karelia region of Russia. There is no place in the world other than Russia where you can source this stone. It is around 2 billion years old. It is a a rare positive stone and is one of the only known natural materials known to contain fullerenes. Fullerenes are are powerful antioxidants. When these fullerenes get into our body its one of the best ways to fight free radicals.

Give me a summary about St Paul's Cathedral

St Paul's Cathedral is an Anglican cathedral in London and is the seat of the Bishop of London. The cathedral serves as the mother church of the Diocese of London. It is on Ludgate Hill at the highest point of the City of London and is a Grade I listed building. Its dedication to Paul the Apostle dates back to the original church on this site, founded in AD 604. The present structure, dating from the late 17th century, was designed in the English Baroque style by Sir Christopher Wren. Its construction, completed in Wren's lifetime, was part of a major rebuilding programme in the city after the Great Fire of London. The earlier Gothic cathedral (Old St Paul's Cathedral), largely destroyed in the Great Fire, was a central focus for medieval and early modern London, including Paul's walk and St Paul's Churchyard, being the site of St Paul's Cross. The cathedral is one of the most famous and recognisable sights of London. Its dome, surrounded by the spires of Wren's City churches, has dominated the skyline for over 300 years. At 365 ft (111 m) high, it was the tallest building in London from 1710 to 1963. The dome is still one of the highest in the world. St Paul's is the second-largest church building in area in the United Kingdom, after Liverpool Cathedral.

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Instruction: Give me a summary about St Paul's Cathedral Context: Response: St Paul's Cathedral is an Anglican cathedral in London and is the seat of the Bishop of London. The cathedral serves as the mother church of the Diocese of London. It is on Ludgate Hill at the highest point of the City of London and is a Grade I listed building. Its dedication to Paul the Apostle dates back to the original church on this site, founded in AD 604. The present structure, dating from the late 17th century, was designed in the English Baroque style by Sir Christopher Wren. Its construction, completed in Wren's lifetime, was part of a major rebuilding programme in the city after the Great Fire of London. The earlier Gothic cathedral (Old St Paul's Cathedral), largely destroyed in the Great Fire, was a central focus for medieval and early modern London, including Paul's walk and St Paul's Churchyard, being the site of St Paul's Cross. The cathedral is one of the most famous and recognisable sights of London. Its dome, surrounded by the spires of Wren's City churches, has dominated the skyline for over 300 years. At 365 ft (111 m) high, it was the tallest building in London from 1710 to 1963. The dome is still one of the highest in the world. St Paul's is the second-largest church building in area in the United Kingdom, after Liverpool Cathedral.

Please tell me the main global sources of energy production

Energy production is 80% fossil, half of which is produced by China, the United States and the Arab states of the Persian Gulf. The Gulf States and Russia export most of their production, largely to the European Union and China, where not enough energy is produced to satisfy demand. Energy production is increasing 1 to 2% per year, except for solar and wind energy which averaged 20% per year in the 2010s.

The main sources of energy production are fossil, accounting for around 80% of the total energy generation. Around half of the energy generation by fossil sources is produced by China, the United States and the Arab states of the Persian Gulf. Energy production from renewable sources such as solar and wind has increased at an average of 20% yearly which is much higher than the growth of the rest of the sources at an average of 1% to 2% yearly.

summarization

Instruction: Please tell me the main global sources of energy production Context: Energy production is 80% fossil, half of which is produced by China, the United States and the Arab states of the Persian Gulf. The Gulf States and Russia export most of their production, largely to the European Union and China, where not enough energy is produced to satisfy demand. Energy production is increasing 1 to 2% per year, except for solar and wind energy which averaged 20% per year in the 2010s. Response: The main sources of energy production are fossil, accounting for around 80% of the total energy generation. Around half of the energy generation by fossil sources is produced by China, the United States and the Arab states of the Persian Gulf. Energy production from renewable sources such as solar and wind has increased at an average of 20% yearly which is much higher than the growth of the rest of the sources at an average of 1% to 2% yearly.

What is a forest?

A forest is a geographical region where trees predominate.

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Instruction: What is a forest? Context: Response: A forest is a geographical region where trees predominate.

Write do's and don'ts for handling a PR crisis. Make them directive and easy for anyone to understand and follow.

Do: Assume "worst-case" outcomes for planning purposes. Inform key audiences regularly and accurately from the outset. Ensure communications are candid, accurate and timely. Focus on concrete actions being taken to understand or address the issue. Retain control of the story. Both positive and negative information needs to come from the company to help assure a transparent posture. Provide information that's relevant to the public's interest rather than just the company's. Consider seeking third-party support to help explain the crisis to various audiences. Explain the situation directly to key audiences using the channels that are familiar to them. Where appropriate, contact public officials and leaders proactively. Keep them informed throughout the process. Don't: Be silent or make “no comment” statements — they are often interpreted as admissions of guilt and lack of preparation. Make "off-the-record" statements — there is no such thing in a crisis situation. Speculate on anything or provide incomplete information. Stick to the facts. Let erroneous information or ill-informed opinions go unchallenged. Release sensitive or proprietary information. Try to minimize the problem, but also don’t make it a bigger deal than it is. Match the level of your response to the severity of the issue. Rely on communications alone to fix a crisis. You have to address the issue that led to the PR crisis in the first place.

creative_writing

Instruction: Write do's and don'ts for handling a PR crisis. Make them directive and easy for anyone to understand and follow. Context: Response: Do: Assume "worst-case" outcomes for planning purposes. Inform key audiences regularly and accurately from the outset. Ensure communications are candid, accurate and timely. Focus on concrete actions being taken to understand or address the issue. Retain control of the story. Both positive and negative information needs to come from the company to help assure a transparent posture. Provide information that's relevant to the public's interest rather than just the company's. Consider seeking third-party support to help explain the crisis to various audiences. Explain the situation directly to key audiences using the channels that are familiar to them. Where appropriate, contact public officials and leaders proactively. Keep them informed throughout the process. Don't: Be silent or make “no comment” statements — they are often interpreted as admissions of guilt and lack of preparation. Make "off-the-record" statements — there is no such thing in a crisis situation. Speculate on anything or provide incomplete information. Stick to the facts. Let erroneous information or ill-informed opinions go unchallenged. Release sensitive or proprietary information. Try to minimize the problem, but also don’t make it a bigger deal than it is. Match the level of your response to the severity of the issue. Rely on communications alone to fix a crisis. You have to address the issue that led to the PR crisis in the first place.

How good as a pianist is Yeol Eum Son

Yeol Eum Son (born May 2, 1986, in Wonju, South Korea) is a South Korean classical pianist. She first drew international attention in October 2004 at age 18 when she appeared as a soloist performing Liszt Piano Concerto No. 1 with the New York Philharmonic under the baton of Lorin Maazel on their Asia tour in Seoul, Daejeon, and Tokyo. Son again performed with Maazel and the New York Philharmonic when they returned to the Seoul Arts Center in February 2008, this time as soloist for Beethoven Piano Concerto No. 2. Her awards include Silver Medals at both the Thirteenth Van Cliburn International Piano Competition (2009) and 2011 International Tchaikovsky Competition, where she also received the Best Chamber Concerto Performance and the Best Performance of the Commissioned Work prizes. She also won the Bronze Medal at the Arthur Rubinstein International Piano Master Competition (2005)

Yeol Eum Son (born May 2, 1986, in Wonju, South Korea) is a South Korean classical pianist. She first drew international attention in October 2004 at age 18 when she appeared as a soloist performing Liszt Piano Concerto No. 1 with the New York Philharmonic under the baton of Lorin Maazel on their Asia tour in Seoul, Daejeon, and Tokyo. Son again performed with Maazel and the New York Philharmonic when they returned to the Seoul Arts Center in February 2008, this time as soloist for Beethoven Piano Concerto No. 2. Her awards include Silver Medals at both the Thirteenth Van Cliburn International Piano Competition (2009) and 2011 International Tchaikovsky Competition, where she also received the Best Chamber Concerto Performance and the Best Performance of the Commissioned Work prizes. She also won the Bronze Medal at the Arthur Rubinstein International Piano Master Competition (2005)

summarization

Instruction: How good as a pianist is Yeol Eum Son Context: Yeol Eum Son (born May 2, 1986, in Wonju, South Korea) is a South Korean classical pianist. She first drew international attention in October 2004 at age 18 when she appeared as a soloist performing Liszt Piano Concerto No. 1 with the New York Philharmonic under the baton of Lorin Maazel on their Asia tour in Seoul, Daejeon, and Tokyo. Son again performed with Maazel and the New York Philharmonic when they returned to the Seoul Arts Center in February 2008, this time as soloist for Beethoven Piano Concerto No. 2. Her awards include Silver Medals at both the Thirteenth Van Cliburn International Piano Competition (2009) and 2011 International Tchaikovsky Competition, where she also received the Best Chamber Concerto Performance and the Best Performance of the Commissioned Work prizes. She also won the Bronze Medal at the Arthur Rubinstein International Piano Master Competition (2005) Response: Yeol Eum Son (born May 2, 1986, in Wonju, South Korea) is a South Korean classical pianist. She first drew international attention in October 2004 at age 18 when she appeared as a soloist performing Liszt Piano Concerto No. 1 with the New York Philharmonic under the baton of Lorin Maazel on their Asia tour in Seoul, Daejeon, and Tokyo. Son again performed with Maazel and the New York Philharmonic when they returned to the Seoul Arts Center in February 2008, this time as soloist for Beethoven Piano Concerto No. 2. Her awards include Silver Medals at both the Thirteenth Van Cliburn International Piano Competition (2009) and 2011 International Tchaikovsky Competition, where she also received the Best Chamber Concerto Performance and the Best Performance of the Commissioned Work prizes. She also won the Bronze Medal at the Arthur Rubinstein International Piano Master Competition (2005)

Tell me a story about how the little kitten was rescued from a heater vent. The story should include how the kitten was bottle fed and only four days old with the umbilical cord still attached

The story begins with a little kitten, only four days old, being found in a heater vent in a building. The kitten was bottle fed and was still connected to her mother's umbilical cord. The building manager called animal control and the kitten was rescued. She was taken to a vet, treated for her injuries, and then released back into the wild.

creative_writing

Instruction: Tell me a story about how the little kitten was rescued from a heater vent. The story should include how the kitten was bottle fed and only four days old with the umbilical cord still attached Context: Response: The story begins with a little kitten, only four days old, being found in a heater vent in a building. The kitten was bottle fed and was still connected to her mother's umbilical cord. The building manager called animal control and the kitten was rescued. She was taken to a vet, treated for her injuries, and then released back into the wild.

What's a good approach to learning a foreign language?

Language learning requires continuous and regular practice and many hours of effort. However there are tried and true techniques for learning a foreign language that will help you develop fluency quickly: 1) Immerse yourself in the foreign language by reading magazine articles, books, and newspapers. Also watch movies, television shows, or online videos in the target language, preferably with subtitles in the foreign language. In addition, you can listen to music and podcasts in the language that you are studying. The goal is to find a variety of content on diverse topics that interest you and to develop both listening and reading skills. 2) Find a meet-up group or online conversation partner that is willing to speak with you on a variety of topics in the foreign language you are studying. Because there are many people who are interested in learning your language, you should be able to find someone who can help you with their's. 3) Use computer Apps like Duolingo to help you memorize vocabulary. Apps like Duolingo or Babbel help you learn vocabulary through constant repetition of important words. Through regular, daily practice, you will find it easier to remember words when you are conversing with someone in a foreign language. 4) Learn grammar using a qualified teacher. Individuals who have experience in foreign language pedagogy can assist you with understanding complex grammatical rules. Grammar is something that cannot be easily picked up through immersion and it is important that you get assistance from a professional when mastering a foreign grammar. This will help you sound educated and intelligence when you speak the foreign language.

general_qa

Instruction: What's a good approach to learning a foreign language? Context: Response: Language learning requires continuous and regular practice and many hours of effort. However there are tried and true techniques for learning a foreign language that will help you develop fluency quickly: 1) Immerse yourself in the foreign language by reading magazine articles, books, and newspapers. Also watch movies, television shows, or online videos in the target language, preferably with subtitles in the foreign language. In addition, you can listen to music and podcasts in the language that you are studying. The goal is to find a variety of content on diverse topics that interest you and to develop both listening and reading skills. 2) Find a meet-up group or online conversation partner that is willing to speak with you on a variety of topics in the foreign language you are studying. Because there are many people who are interested in learning your language, you should be able to find someone who can help you with their's. 3) Use computer Apps like Duolingo to help you memorize vocabulary. Apps like Duolingo or Babbel help you learn vocabulary through constant repetition of important words. Through regular, daily practice, you will find it easier to remember words when you are conversing with someone in a foreign language. 4) Learn grammar using a qualified teacher. Individuals who have experience in foreign language pedagogy can assist you with understanding complex grammatical rules. Grammar is something that cannot be easily picked up through immersion and it is important that you get assistance from a professional when mastering a foreign grammar. This will help you sound educated and intelligence when you speak the foreign language.

What is OAuth 2.0?

OAuth 2.0, which stands for “Open Authorization”, is a standard designed to allow a website or application to access resources hosted by other web apps on behalf of a user. It replaced OAuth 1.0 in 2012 and is now the de facto industry standard for online authorization.

open_qa

Instruction: What is OAuth 2.0? Context: Response: OAuth 2.0, which stands for “Open Authorization”, is a standard designed to allow a website or application to access resources hosted by other web apps on behalf of a user. It replaced OAuth 1.0 in 2012 and is now the de facto industry standard for online authorization.

What is CSS?

The Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is the language to style an HTML document. CSS describes how HTML elements should be displayed on a web page.

open_qa

Instruction: What is CSS? Context: Response: The Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is the language to style an HTML document. CSS describes how HTML elements should be displayed on a web page.

What was the primary reason for constructing the Berlin Wall?

The Berlin Wall (German: Berliner Mauer, pronounced [bɛʁˌliːnɐ ˈmaʊ̯ɐ] (listen)) was a guarded concrete barrier that encircled West Berlin of the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) from 1961 to 1989, separating it from East Berlin and the German Democratic Republic (GDR) (GDR). Construction of the Berlin Wall was commenced by the government of the GDR on 13 August 1961. It included guard towers placed along large concrete walls, accompanied by a wide area (later known as the "death strip") that contained anti-vehicle trenches, beds of nails and other defenses. The primary intention for the Wall's construction was to prevent East German citizens from fleeing to the West.

The Berlin Wall was primarily constructed to prevent East German citizens from fleeing to the West.

information_extraction

Instruction: What was the primary reason for constructing the Berlin Wall? Context: The Berlin Wall (German: Berliner Mauer, pronounced [bɛʁˌliːnɐ ˈmaʊ̯ɐ] (listen)) was a guarded concrete barrier that encircled West Berlin of the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) from 1961 to 1989, separating it from East Berlin and the German Democratic Republic (GDR) (GDR). Construction of the Berlin Wall was commenced by the government of the GDR on 13 August 1961. It included guard towers placed along large concrete walls, accompanied by a wide area (later known as the "death strip") that contained anti-vehicle trenches, beds of nails and other defenses. The primary intention for the Wall's construction was to prevent East German citizens from fleeing to the West. Response: The Berlin Wall was primarily constructed to prevent East German citizens from fleeing to the West.

What is a zerbert?

A zerbert is the act of touching lips on the skin of another person and exhaling in a way that makes a loud fart-like sound. It's likely that zerberts have been performed for as long as humans have evolved from the apes as a species with smooth enough skin to perform the task, but the term was popularized in the United States during the 1980s on a The Cosby Show, a popular 30-minute comedy that aired on the NBC television network. Most typically, adults perform zerberts (or zerbert someone, to use the term as a verb) on children in order to make them laugh.

general_qa

Instruction: What is a zerbert? Context: Response: A zerbert is the act of touching lips on the skin of another person and exhaling in a way that makes a loud fart-like sound. It's likely that zerberts have been performed for as long as humans have evolved from the apes as a species with smooth enough skin to perform the task, but the term was popularized in the United States during the 1980s on a The Cosby Show, a popular 30-minute comedy that aired on the NBC television network. Most typically, adults perform zerberts (or zerbert someone, to use the term as a verb) on children in order to make them laugh.

How would you describe genomics?

Genomics is the study of the genetic material of an organism, including the structure, function, and regulation of genes. Genomics is a powerful tool that can be used to identify and diagnose genetic disorders, develop new treatments, and understand the genetic underpinnings of complex diseases.

brainstorming

Instruction: How would you describe genomics? Context: Response: Genomics is the study of the genetic material of an organism, including the structure, function, and regulation of genes. Genomics is a powerful tool that can be used to identify and diagnose genetic disorders, develop new treatments, and understand the genetic underpinnings of complex diseases.

What is C++?

C++ (pronounced "C plus plus") is a high-level, general-purpose programming language created by Danish computer scientist Bjarne Stroustrup. First released in 1985 as an extension of the C programming language, it has since expanded significantly over time; modern C++ currently has object-oriented, generic, and functional features, in addition to facilities for low-level memory manipulation. It is almost always implemented as a compiled language, and many vendors provide C++ compilers, including the Free Software Foundation, LLVM, Microsoft, Intel, Embarcadero, Oracle, and IBM.

open_qa

Instruction: What is C++? Context: Response: C++ (pronounced "C plus plus") is a high-level, general-purpose programming language created by Danish computer scientist Bjarne Stroustrup. First released in 1985 as an extension of the C programming language, it has since expanded significantly over time; modern C++ currently has object-oriented, generic, and functional features, in addition to facilities for low-level memory manipulation. It is almost always implemented as a compiled language, and many vendors provide C++ compilers, including the Free Software Foundation, LLVM, Microsoft, Intel, Embarcadero, Oracle, and IBM.

Extract all of the names of people mentioned in this paragraph and list them using bullets in the format {Name}

Formed in 1888, the program has 856 wins and claims 11 national championships, including 8 from the major wire-service (AP, Coaches'), heading into the 2022 season. USC has had 13 undefeated seasons including 8 perfect seasons, and 39 conference championships. USC has produced eight Heisman Trophy winners, 81 first-team Consensus All-Americans, including 29 Unanimous selections, and 510 NFL draft picks, most all-time by any university, USC has had 35 members inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame, including former players Matt Leinart, O. J. Simpson, and Ronnie Lott and former coaches John McKay and Howard Jones. The Trojans boast 14 inductees in the Pro Football Hall of Fame, the most of any school, including Junior Seau, Bruce Matthews, Marcus Allen, and Ron Yary. Among all colleges and universities, as of 2022, USC holds the all-time record for the most quarterbacks (17) and is tied with the University of Miami for the most wide receivers (40) to go on to play in the NFL.

• Matt Leinart • O. J. Simpson • Ronnie Lott • John McKay • Howard Jones • Junior Seau • Bruce Matthews • Marcus Allen • Ron Yary

information_extraction

Instruction: Extract all of the names of people mentioned in this paragraph and list them using bullets in the format {Name} Context: Formed in 1888, the program has 856 wins and claims 11 national championships, including 8 from the major wire-service (AP, Coaches'), heading into the 2022 season. USC has had 13 undefeated seasons including 8 perfect seasons, and 39 conference championships. USC has produced eight Heisman Trophy winners, 81 first-team Consensus All-Americans, including 29 Unanimous selections, and 510 NFL draft picks, most all-time by any university, USC has had 35 members inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame, including former players Matt Leinart, O. J. Simpson, and Ronnie Lott and former coaches John McKay and Howard Jones. The Trojans boast 14 inductees in the Pro Football Hall of Fame, the most of any school, including Junior Seau, Bruce Matthews, Marcus Allen, and Ron Yary. Among all colleges and universities, as of 2022, USC holds the all-time record for the most quarterbacks (17) and is tied with the University of Miami for the most wide receivers (40) to go on to play in the NFL. Response: • Matt Leinart • O. J. Simpson • Ronnie Lott • John McKay • Howard Jones • Junior Seau • Bruce Matthews • Marcus Allen • Ron Yary

Which of the following does not fit with the others? Please explain your reasoning. Galaxy M81 Black Eye Galaxy Pinwheel Galaxy Andromeda Galaxy Sombrero Galaxy

Galaxy M81 does not fit with the other 4 in the list as M81is a designation rather than a proper name. The other 4 galaxies listed also have a designation, e.g Sombrero Galaxy is designated M104. M81 also has a proper name, Bode's Galaxy. But as listed, Galaxy M81 is distinct from the rest of the list.

classification

Instruction: Which of the following does not fit with the others? Please explain your reasoning. Galaxy M81 Black Eye Galaxy Pinwheel Galaxy Andromeda Galaxy Sombrero Galaxy Context: Response: Galaxy M81 does not fit with the other 4 in the list as M81is a designation rather than a proper name. The other 4 galaxies listed also have a designation, e.g Sombrero Galaxy is designated M104. M81 also has a proper name, Bode's Galaxy. But as listed, Galaxy M81 is distinct from the rest of the list.

Who wrote the music for the ballets Firebird and Rites of Spring

Igor Stravinsky

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Instruction: Who wrote the music for the ballets Firebird and Rites of Spring Context: Response: Igor Stravinsky

How many people died in the Cloquet fire of Illinois according to the text?

The Cloquet fire was an immense forest fire in northern Minnesota, United States in October 1918, caused by sparks on the local railroads and dry conditions. The fire left much of western Carlton County devastated, mostly affecting Moose Lake, Cloquet, and Kettle River. Cloquet was hit the hardest by the fires. It was the worst natural disaster in Minnesota history in terms of the number of casualties in a single day. In total, 453 people died and 52,000 people were injured or displaced, 38 communities were destroyed, 250,000 acres (100,000 ha) were burned, and $73 million ($1.315 billion in 2023 United States dollars) in property damage was suffered. Thirteen million dollars in federal aid were disbursed.

453 people died in the Cloquet fire that occurred in northern Minnesota, United States in October 1918. In addition to the 453 people that died, 52,000 people were injured or displaced, 38 communities were destroyed, 250,000 acres (100,000 ha) were burned, and $73 million ($1.315 billion in 2023 United States dollars) in property damage was suffered.

closed_qa

Instruction: How many people died in the Cloquet fire of Illinois according to the text? Context: The Cloquet fire was an immense forest fire in northern Minnesota, United States in October 1918, caused by sparks on the local railroads and dry conditions. The fire left much of western Carlton County devastated, mostly affecting Moose Lake, Cloquet, and Kettle River. Cloquet was hit the hardest by the fires. It was the worst natural disaster in Minnesota history in terms of the number of casualties in a single day. In total, 453 people died and 52,000 people were injured or displaced, 38 communities were destroyed, 250,000 acres (100,000 ha) were burned, and $73 million ($1.315 billion in 2023 United States dollars) in property damage was suffered. Thirteen million dollars in federal aid were disbursed. Response: 453 people died in the Cloquet fire that occurred in northern Minnesota, United States in October 1918. In addition to the 453 people that died, 52,000 people were injured or displaced, 38 communities were destroyed, 250,000 acres (100,000 ha) were burned, and $73 million ($1.315 billion in 2023 United States dollars) in property damage was suffered.

What attractions should I visit whilst in London?

There are lots of things to do and see in London. A number of the large museums are free and well worth a visit. You could visit the Natural History Museum, the British Museum, the Science Museum as well as the Victoria and Albert Museum. Additionally, you can also visit a number of the art galleries for free, such as the National Gallery, Tate Modern and Tate Britain. London is a great city to explore on foot too and you can walk along the South Bank of the river Thames. It's possible to take a boat along the river to see the Tower of London and Westminster Abbey from the river as well as on foot. A walk through St James' Park to view Buckingham Palace from the outside is also worth while. There are various paid attractions you can also visit such as the London Eye, Madame Tussauds, Westminster Abbey, the Tower of London and Buckingham Palace.

general_qa

Instruction: What attractions should I visit whilst in London? Context: Response: There are lots of things to do and see in London. A number of the large museums are free and well worth a visit. You could visit the Natural History Museum, the British Museum, the Science Museum as well as the Victoria and Albert Museum. Additionally, you can also visit a number of the art galleries for free, such as the National Gallery, Tate Modern and Tate Britain. London is a great city to explore on foot too and you can walk along the South Bank of the river Thames. It's possible to take a boat along the river to see the Tower of London and Westminster Abbey from the river as well as on foot. A walk through St James' Park to view Buckingham Palace from the outside is also worth while. There are various paid attractions you can also visit such as the London Eye, Madame Tussauds, Westminster Abbey, the Tower of London and Buckingham Palace.

What kind of immigration system is the best

The best immigration system is a skills based system. One which does not have a fixed quota of immigrant allowance per year. The quota should vary based on the job market for skills in which the country is facing shortage. Students who come in to study in the country can be given preference but again dependent on the requirements of the job market. Immediate family immigration should be allowed. All processing should be done in a timely manner. Once the labor market is saturated make it extremely difficult to work in an undocumented status. Give options for undocumented immigrants to become legal based on their ties to the country and good conduct. Once people know that they have options to immigrate legally in both high and low skilled jobs, new illegal crossings will reduce.

brainstorming

Instruction: What kind of immigration system is the best Context: Response: The best immigration system is a skills based system. One which does not have a fixed quota of immigrant allowance per year. The quota should vary based on the job market for skills in which the country is facing shortage. Students who come in to study in the country can be given preference but again dependent on the requirements of the job market. Immediate family immigration should be allowed. All processing should be done in a timely manner. Once the labor market is saturated make it extremely difficult to work in an undocumented status. Give options for undocumented immigrants to become legal based on their ties to the country and good conduct. Once people know that they have options to immigrate legally in both high and low skilled jobs, new illegal crossings will reduce.

How many provinces are in Canada?

Canada has 10 provinces and 3 territories. The most populous provinces are Ontario, Quebec, and British Columbia.

open_qa

Instruction: How many provinces are in Canada? Context: Response: Canada has 10 provinces and 3 territories. The most populous provinces are Ontario, Quebec, and British Columbia.

Given this paragraph about National Beer Day in the United States, which president signed National Beer Day into law?

National Beer Day is celebrated in the United States every year on April 7, marking the day that the Cullen–Harrison Act came into force after having been signed into law by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on March 22, 1933. This led to the Eighteenth Amendment being repealed on December 5, 1933, with the ratification of the Twenty-first Amendment. April 6, the day prior to National Beer Day, is known as New Beer's Eve.

Franklin D. Roosevelt.

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Instruction: Given this paragraph about National Beer Day in the United States, which president signed National Beer Day into law? Context: National Beer Day is celebrated in the United States every year on April 7, marking the day that the Cullen–Harrison Act came into force after having been signed into law by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on March 22, 1933. This led to the Eighteenth Amendment being repealed on December 5, 1933, with the ratification of the Twenty-first Amendment. April 6, the day prior to National Beer Day, is known as New Beer's Eve. Response: Franklin D. Roosevelt.

Which of the other locations mentioned in this article is closest to Rudzk Duży?

Rudzk Duży [ˈrut͡sk ˈduʐɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Piotrków Kujawski, within Radziejów County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) south-west of Piotrków Kujawski, 15 km (9 mi) south-west of Radziejów, and 59 km (37 mi) south of Toruń.

Piotrków Kujawski. Rudzk Duży is closest to Piotrków Kujawski.

closed_qa

Instruction: Which of the other locations mentioned in this article is closest to Rudzk Duży? Context: Rudzk Duży [ˈrut͡sk ˈduʐɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Piotrków Kujawski, within Radziejów County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) south-west of Piotrków Kujawski, 15 km (9 mi) south-west of Radziejów, and 59 km (37 mi) south of Toruń. Response: Piotrków Kujawski. Rudzk Duży is closest to Piotrków Kujawski.

What's the difference between a turnover and a turnover on downs in the sport of American Football?

A turnover is when the offensive team, the team with possession of the football, loses possession of the football during play. This generally occurs in two ways: the defense intercepting a pass or recovering a fumble. A turnover on downs occurs only on the fourth and last down of a set of downs; the offense attempts to gain the yardage required to be given a new set of downs but fails to do so by means other than the defense's takeaway, such as an incomplete pass, or the ball carrier being tackled short of the line to gain.

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Instruction: What's the difference between a turnover and a turnover on downs in the sport of American Football? Context: Response: A turnover is when the offensive team, the team with possession of the football, loses possession of the football during play. This generally occurs in two ways: the defense intercepting a pass or recovering a fumble. A turnover on downs occurs only on the fourth and last down of a set of downs; the offense attempts to gain the yardage required to be given a new set of downs but fails to do so by means other than the defense's takeaway, such as an incomplete pass, or the ball carrier being tackled short of the line to gain.