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Music is a powerful, unique form of communication that can change the way pupils feel, think and act. It brings together intellect and feeling and enables personal expression, reflection and emotional development. As an integral part of culture, past and present, it helps pupils understand themselves and relate to others, forging important links between the home, school and the wider world. The teaching of music develops pupils' ability to listen and appreciate a wide variety of music and to make judgements about musical quality. It encourages active involvement in different forms of amateur music making, both individual and communal, developing a sense of group identity and togetherness. As a school for pupils with complex needs, many of our pupils have low self-esteem and find it difficult to express themselves. The arts are a valuable means of developing confidence and communication skills, and facilitating expression, ideas and feelings. In addition, through purposeful, imaginative and creative activities, pupils learn to take managed risks, trying out new ideas and new ways of working without fear of failure. We value the contribution the arts make to our quality of life and believe that providing a range of experiences is essential for life beyond school. To encourage the children to develop an enjoyment of music by: 1. Controlling sounds made by the voice and a range of musical instruments, including playing and singing by ear and from notation; 2. Performing with others; 3. Composing, arranging and improvising; 4. Refining, recording and communicating musical ideas; 5. Recognising styles and telling the difference between modern music and music from other times and places; 6. Appraising music: appreciation of live and recorded music including responding to and evaluating their own and others’ compositions and performances; While developing all these skills, to explore and gain an understanding of pitch, duration, pace, timbre, texture, dynamics and structure; Music plays an important part in the development of Spiritual development through helping pupils use music to express and reflect on their own thoughts and feelings, and to transfer this to the listener; Moral development through valuing decisions made by themselves and others in the creative process; Social development through sharing music making, by valuing the different roles in group performance; Cultural development through increasing awareness of musical traditions and developments in various cultures; Thinking skills through analysis, evaluation, adopting and developing musical ideas reflectively and spontaneously; Enterprise and entrepreneurial skills through encouraging pupils to stage live performances; Work-related learning through encouraging pupils to recognise the music industry outside of the school environment; Arts provision at all key stages Music features on the timetable throughout all Key Stages. Due to the nature of pupils in KS1 80% of the curriculum is art driven. At KS2 this is also the case – but specialist teachers also teach Music discreetly. Music is allocated at least 1 hour per week. Topic work and assemblies can facilitate this cross-curricular approach, which is encouraged. Throughout Key stage 3 and 4 - specialist teachers teach Music. All Key Stage 3 classes have a weekly Music lesson. All classes are taught in a well-stocked specialist Music room by a music specialist. Pupils have access to a wide range of musical instruments and electronic technology. Key Stage 4 pupils also access Music through the ASDAN Youth Award Scheme. Curriculum enrichment is gained by frequent specialist visitors who extend pupils’ experiences, such as composers and live musicians. A termly concert provides opportunity for the celebration of achievements throughout the year. The Youth Award Scheme provides further opportunity to gain a wider experience of performing arts and visual arts towards accreditation. External visits from school provide first-hand experience of artists and performers and are encouraged. These take place at regular intervals throughout the year. (see year plan).

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French court repeals ‘Armenian genocide’ law However the Constitutional Council of France has not yet taken a final decision. On January 23 the French Senate passed a bill making it a crime to publicly deny that the Ottoman Empire's 1915 killings of Armenians was a genocide. Denying the Holocaust in France is already a crime punishable by a year in prison and a fine of 45,000 euros. Legislators suggested the same punishment for denying the Armenian genocide. The upper house of parliament voted 127-86 in favor of the legislation. The vote in favor of the bill was greeted with indignation by the Turkish government, which denies the massacre that claimed an estimated 1.5 million lives during World War I. Moreover, public affirmation of the Armenian genocide is treated as a crime in Turkey , and is considered an insult to national identity. After the lower house of parliament adopted the draft bill in December 2011, Turkey recalled its ambassador from France. President Nicolas Sarkozy, whose party originally proposed the bill, previously announced that the ruling majority would introduce a new text in case of the Constitutional Court’s disagreement. French Foreign Minister Alain Juppé called the bill unnecessary and counterproductive, saying the law would have serious consequences for Franco-Turkish relations. Armenia, on the other hand, praised the move as historic event in the field of human rights. Armenia estimates that as many as a million and a half ethnic Armenians died or were killed during mass deportations from eastern Anatolia. However, Ankara insists that the number is closer to 300,000. Turkey insists they all were victims of World War I and rejects the term "genocide." Official recognition of the genocide is the key issue for the Armenian advocacy groups around the globe. So far, nineteen nations, including France, have granted that recognition, as has the European Union. Slovenia and Switzerland treat denial of the genocide as a crime.

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Cervical health screenings help reduce cancer rates January is Cervical Health Awareness Month Written By Lauren Glendenning Brought to you by Kaiser Permanente Regular gynecological screenings in women have helped reduce the rate of cervical cancer deaths in the United States by more than half in the last 40 years, but risk factors remain for those who aren’t diligent about preventative care. Cervical cancer affects about 200,000 women in the United States each year, but its main cause — the human papillomavirus (HPV) — is a very common infection. “The most important risk factor for cervical cancer is infection with HPV,” said Dr. Shannon Garton, Family Medicine Physician with Kaiser Permanente’s Edwards Medical Offices. “Sexual activity with someone who has HPV is the most common way someone gets HPV.” More than 100 types of HPV exist, but not all are linked to cancer. HPV 16 and 18 are the two types most frequently associated with cervical cancer, Garton said. The majority of the most worrisome types of HPV, including 16 and 18, are preventable thanks to relatively new vaccines available to girls and boys as young as 9 years old, and adults up to the age of 26, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Research suggests the vaccine should be given at a young age, before becoming sexually active. While about 90 percent of HPV infections can clear up on their own over months or years, about 5 percent of HPV infections will result in cervical cancer, said Dr. Patricia Dietzgen, Family Medicine Physician with Kaiser Permanente’s Frisco Medical Offices. Infection with HPV is the most important risk factor for cervical cancer, Garton said, but women with weakened immune systems or genital herpes have a higher risk of developing cervical cancer. Like many cancers and serious health conditions, smoking increases the risk of development. Women who smoke are about twice as likely to develop cervical cancer than women who do not smoke, Garton said. HPV is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States, affecting about 79 million Americans, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The American Cancer Society (ACS) reports that cervical cancer tends to occur in midlife, mostly in women younger than 50. Hispanic and African-American women have higher rates of HPV-associated cervical cancer than white and non-Hispanic women, according to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). “Girls younger than 15 years old rarely develop cervical cancer. The risk goes up between the late teens and mid-30s,” Garton said. “Women over 40 years old age remain at risk and need to continue having regular cervical cancer screenings, which include both a Pap test and HPV test.” Pap tests can reveal changes in the cervix before cancer develops, and the tests can also find cancer very early, when it’s most curable, according to the American Cancer Society. Garton said the HPV virus can lay dormant in the body and may not cause problems until years later. Regular Pap tests can detect abnormal cells that may lead to cancer. “Cervical cancer can become serious if diagnosed at a late stage or left untreated,” Garton said. “When it is caught early, very minor surgery could take care of the problem. However, later, extensive surgery could be a reality, including a hysterectomy, and treatment with chemotherapy or radiation may be necessary. Regular screening tests can detect pre-cancerous cells and prevent more serious treatments.” Cervical cancer is the third most common malignancy in women worldwide, but Dietzgen points out that it’s relatively rare in the United States due to routine screening. In 2013, The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists changed screening guidelines for cervical cancer. It now recommends that screening start at age 21, and that women ages 21 to 29 should have a Pap test every three years. Women ages 30 to 65 should have a Pap test and HPV test every five years. “Of course, these recommendations are general guidelines and if you have an abnormal Pap, the recommendations would be different,” Dietzgen said. Start a dialogue, stay on topic and be civil. If you don't follow the rules, your comment may be deleted.

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Accessible and inclusive communities need great leaders to make it happen. This workbook is designed to assist educators and intermediate-level elementary school students (grades 6–8) and high school students (grades 7–12) to gain a better understanding of what makes a good leader and what they can do to encourage change amongst their peers. The workbook focuses on the following key questions: - What are leadership and teamwork? - What are the qualities of leaders and teams? - Why are leadership and teamwork important in building an accessible and inclusive school community? - How can you form a school leadership team? This workbook also includes an easy-to-use planning tool to assist students in making a difference in their school community through action. To purchase the Leadership and Teamwork: School Leadership Workbook, click here.

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Facts about Helen Keller Helen Keller Biography Helen Keller was, during the first half of the 20th century, the most famous handicapped person in the world. A severe fever at age 19 months left Keller blind and deaf and barely able to communicate. At age six Keller met Anne Sullivan (later Anne Sullivan Macy), the tutor who taught Keller the alphabet and thereby opened up the world to her. Keller became an excellent student and eventually attended Radcliffe College, where she graduated with honors in 1904. While at Radcliffe she wrote an autobiography, The Story of My Life (1902), which made her famous. (Her many later books included The World I Live In (1908), Out of the Dark (1913), and 1938’s Helen Keller’s Journal.) In later life Keller became an activist and lecturer, sometimes in support of the blind and deaf, and sometimes for causes including Socialism and women’s rights. She also founded and promoted the American Foundation for the Blind. During her lifetime Keller was regarded as one of America’s most inspirational figures. Keller’s story was told in a 1957 television play, The Miracle Worker, which later became a Broadway play (1959) and then a 1962 film starring Anne Bancroft as Sullivan and Patty Duke as Keller; both Bancroft and Duke won Academy Awards for their work… Keller’s image appears on the quarter-dollar coin honoring Alabama, first released in 2003. According to the U.S. Mint, the coin is the first U.S. coin to feature braille.

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Click Image for Larger Map Back to Education IndexThe Argentine black and white tegu, Tupinambis merianae, is the largest species of tegu. It is also known as the Argentine giant tegu. It belongs to the teiid family. They are an omnivorous terrestrial species that inhabit the tropical rain forests, savannahs and semi deserts of east and central South America. Tegus fill ecological niches similar to those of monitor lizards, and are an example of convergent evolution. Just as many other reptiles, Argentine Tegus will go into brumation (a form of hibernation) in autumn when the temperature drops. A level of intelligence unusually high for reptiles has been observed, along with a high level of physical activity during the wakeful period of the year. It is believed that individuals of this species sometimes actively seek human attention, as would for example a cat or dog. Tegus are omnivorous lizards. In the wild, juvenile Argentine tegus have been observed eating a diet consisting primarily of insects, spiders, and wild fruits and seeds. As tegus outgrow their juvenile state they begin to move towards a higher protein diet frequently scavenging eggs from other reptiles, and even eating small birds. However, even adult Argentine tegus continue eating insects and wild fruits as they grow older as these foods hold essential nutrients to the tegu. As hatchlings they have an emerald green complexion from tip of their snout to midway down their neck with black markings; the emerald green eventually fades to black within a couple of months after shedding. Adult males are much larger than the females and can reach 3 feet (92 cm) in length at maturity and continue to grow to lengths of 4-4.5 feet (120 to 140 cm). The females are much smaller reaching up to 3 feet in total length, from nose to tail. They have beaded skin and linear stripes running down their bodies. Adults can reach a weight from 2.5 to 7 kg. This page is about the Argentine Black and White Tegu (Tupinambis merianae) Click HERE for a Black and White Tegu care sheet.

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Britain and Ireland are included in the list of countries that are considered to be the developed ones. But still, they are facing the air pollution problem like many other developed or undeveloped countries. The pollution is undoubtedly the result of smoke that comes out of the cars, trucks, and factories. The smoke in the factories can be reduced by shifting the factories away from the cities. But the problem is that you can’t reduce the smoke of cars and trucks because there is no way of pushing them away from the city. Every day, thousands of vehicles move on the roads of Britain and Ireland as people use them to travel to and from work. The automobile industry has reduced the car prices to the extent that everyone can now purchase a vehicle for their personal use. Therefore, you’d see plenty of cars and trucks moving on the roads of Britain and Ireland in every single minute. Reducing the number of trucks and cars isn’t the right solution to this problem because the people would start protesting against this act. In fact, you can’t even increase the prices of cars and trucks because the automobile companies would start protesting against this decision. However, here are some solutions that can be helpful in controlling the air pollution. The electric engines are the perfect solution for reducing the air pollution because these engines do not produce any kind of harmful smoke. So, the regulatory authorities should persuade the automobile companies to produce the cars and trucks with electric engines. These engines will not only reduce the air pollution but they will also help in reducing the vehicle costs. In fact, the production cost of electrical engines is also lower than the traditional vehicle engines. So, it will bring a positive change in the automobile industry and the companies would happily accept this new change. Reducing the accidents The accidents are also a major reason behind the air pollution because whenever two vehicles collapse with each other, some parts burn and the smoke is spread in the air. The government officials should provide proper education to the drivers before issuing the driving license. And they should also promote the sales of Truck electrics car, van & truck Led Bulbs in Britain and Ireland because these accessories play an important role in reducing the accidents on the roads. Strict rules about vehicle maintenance The vehicles start spreading harmful smoke in the air when the owners do not pay any attention to the maintenance. So, the government should make strict rules about vehicle maintenance so that the air pollution can be reduced. The owners that are not paying any attention to the vehicle maintenance should be heavily fined because they are affecting the lives of thousands of people. Here are more solutions for reducing air pollution in Britain and Ireland.

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Dr. Gloria Arjona, a professor at California Institute of Technology, holds a hand drum she sometimes uses in her lectures on Black Mexican history. Photo by Ricardo Hernandez. It was the experience of colorism that led Dr. Gloria Arjona to look into the history of Black people in Mexico. Born in El Paso, TX, and raised in Mexico City, the professor of Spanish and Spanish literature at California Institute of Technology was the darkest member of her family. “I invented stories that I was adopted,” she said, eventually identifying strongly with the indigenous population in Mexico and with African-Americans in the U.S. Mexicans are taught that they are mestizo, a Spanish term that means mixed blood, but refers to Anglo-indigenous heritage. On her own, Arjona learned that the term, meant to unify the population after the Mexican Revolution of 1916, practically erased the history of the country’s considerable African roots. Consider Juan Garrido, Arjona says, a free African who accompanied Ponce de Leon to what is present-day Florida, nearly 100 years before the first enslaved Africans landed in Jamestown, Va. Africans, slave and free, outnumbered Europeans in the colonial era and often joined forces with the indigenous people, creating communities that maintained African customs in present-day Veracruz, Guerrero and Oaxaca. Called palenques, the most renowned was founded in 1570 and led valiantly by Gaspar Yanga. North American blacks escaping from slavery also founded towns like El Nacimiento, Coahila, across the border from Texas. Slavery in Mexico was abolished in 1829 by President Vicente Guerrero, who was himself of African and European descent. Arjona has no doubt that racism stemming from the colonial period and beyond is the reason this history is suppressed. “If you had more than 50 percent African or Indigenous blood, there were privileges you couldn’t aspire to,” Arjona said. Some cultural expressions had remained in Afro-Mexican communities for hundreds of years unrecognized. Music is the most obvious. Strumming on her guitar and singing or drumming during her lectures, Arjona demonstrates that many terms for music popular in Mexico are African: from Colombia’s cumbia, to the Dominican Republic’s merengue, Argentina’s tango, and Mexico’s bamba. She will host a lecture called “Blaxican History,” at ‘Fiestas Fridas,’ at La Plazita, 3637 Magee Ave. in Oakland on Sat. Feb. 17, 2018, from 4–7 p.m.

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The Church calendar is also called the “Liturgical Calendar.” A new Liturgical calendar was promulgated January 1, 1970, and in 1972 the U.S. Bishops ordered the new calendar into effect with the introduction of the Sacramentary in 1974. Within the cycle of a year, Holy Mother Church unfolds the whole mystery of Christ, not only from His Incarnation and birth until His Ascension, but also as reflected in the day of Pentecost, and the expectation of a blessed, hoped-for return of the Lord. In celebrating this annual cycle of Christ’s mysteries, Holy Church honors with special love the Blessed Virgin Mary, Mother of God, who is joined by an inseparable bond to the saving work of her Son. A liturgical day runs from midnight to midnight, but the observance of Sunday and of solemnities begins with the evening of the preceding day. Celebration of the Eucharist, with the fulfillment of the Sunday or holy day obligation, may be on the evening before. The liturgical season of Advent begins the Church year. (7:52)

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This is the first post in the trigonometry category. Trigonometry is the study of the properties of triangles: the lengths of their sides and the relationships with their angles. So the first topic in trigonometry is to define what an angle is. An angle is a measure of rotation of one line from another where these lines are connected at one end. Like x is used to commonly refer to an unknown or general number in algebra, 𝜃, which is the greek letter “theta”, is commonly used to represent a generic angle. I presume this is so because the ancient Greeks did a lot of work in the fields of trigonometry and geometry. Below shows a generic angle between two lines: Now there are several units used to measure angles. The one most known to most non-maths people is degrees. There are other measures: radians which is used frequently in maths, and gradians which is sometimes used in engineering and surveying. Here, we will use degrees. The point where the lines join is called the vertex. You can imagine it as a flexible joint where the top line pivots around the horizontal line from being right on top of the horizontal line to swinging all the way around so that it again is superimposed on the horizontal line. When the lines are first superimposed, this is a 0 degree angle. The notation for degrees is a small circle at the upper right of the number: 0°. When the line does a full rotation so that it is again superimposed, that angle is 360°. Now you can continue rotating the line and think of angles greater than 360°, but this post will limit itself to angles between 0° and 360°. I am specifically interested in the angle when the rotating line is pointing straight up, that is becomes perfectly vertical. Well this is a quarter of the way around to 360° so a quarter of 360 is 90. The angle is now: Note that it is common to add lines in this angle to form a small square when the angle is 90°. This angle holds special interest in maths and is given a name: right angle. The term “right” comes from latin meaning “upright”. This angle will be used in my next post on triangles.

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Consequences of Macbeth’s murder of Duncan Yes, I agree with the statement “Macbeth’s murder of Duncan has had horrible consequences for both Macbeth himself and Scotland. ” Even before Duncan’s murder Macbeth understood there would be grave consequences for his actions. He knew that murdering Duncan would start an unstoppable cycle of bloodshed. “It will have blood they say: blood will have blood” The murder has affected Macbeth’s life in many ways. He’s lost his peace of mind, his moral core has been destroys, his relationships collapse and his kingdom loses all respect for him. The effects on Scotland have been the loss of control and a proper ruler, unnatural occurrences in nature, murder and a civil war. Murdering Duncan has ruined Macbeth’s peace of mind. Immediately after the murder, Macbeth is guilt-ridden and fearful. He claims that while he was in the process of killing Duncan that he heard a voice crying out that he would no longer sleep. “Methought I heard a voice cry; ‘Sleep no more, Macbeth does murder sleep. ’” ‘Sleep’ is representing his peace and innocence. He’s lost his innocence by commiting the murder. He is now subjected to danmnation. He will find it extremely hard to be at peace now. He will be filled with paranoia and anxiety after the murder. At this stage Macbeth’s sanity is unravelling, and fast. He begins to have hallucinations and delusions of things linking to his murders. Macbeth, at the start of the play, came across as a noble and loyal man. His character begins to change however throughout the play due to various sinful events. Before Duncan’s murder he shows hesitation and after he is remorseful. His moral core has been shook by his actions. His remorse quickly disappears though. His anxiety and paranoia grow and he deals with any insecurities by acting on pure impulse when he fears for his safety. His humanity begins to deteriorate. He begins to murder with ease, almost as if he is developing a bloodlust. There is such a huge change in his character from before Duncan’s murder, where he comes across as being a generally good person and then near the end of the play where we see him as a ruthless murderer with no regard for human emotion. His reaction to his wife’s death is cold and heartless. He feels that with all that is going on in the Kingdom she could’ve picked a better time to commit suicide. This is not the same, loving husband we see in the beginning of the play. Duncan’s murder has major consequences on Macbeth’s relationships. He becomes paranoid that his closest friends may be plotting against him. Macbeth’s fears that Banquo may be suspicious of him, leads him to have him murdered. At a dinner in the palace his guests see a different side to their king. He appears slightly, or more than slightly loopy. Macbeth’s relationship with his wife deteriorates the most however. In the beginning we see Macbeth and Lady Macbeth as a loving and affectionate couple. They have a strong partnership and great trust in one another. The first thing Macbeth does when the witches first appear to him is write his wife a detailed letter telling her about their strange prophecies. Even when they are plotting Duncan’s murder, they are plotting it together with aspirations for their future together as King and Queen of Scotland. After the murders they become distant from each other. Macbeth becomes obsessed with power. He begins keeping secrets, plotting murders and doesn’t involve Lady Macbeth in any of this. When he hears that his wife is dead all he can say is that it was bad timing. “She should have died hereafter; There would have been a time for such a word. ” At the banquet in the kingdom to celebrate Macbeth being crowned king, the guests get a terrible impression of their new ruler. He shows that he is not of mental wellness. Macbeth sees Banquo’s ghost sitting in his chair and begins speaking to him as if he’s actually there. The guests don’t get the strong, conserved impression they should have gotten from Macbeth at this Banquet. They lose a decent amount of respect for him. In these times Kings were considered to have been chosen by God. Macbeth is clearly not right for the position or responsibility. Death has been a major part of the play ‘Macbeth’. Murder is the main consequence that murdering Duncan’s had on Scotland. As before, Macbeth understood that his actions would have consequences. He understood that murder begets murder. This is exactly what happens. One murder leads to another. Macbeth murders Duncan and becomes king. To keep his throne he feels he must get rid of Banquo because he feels he may be plotting against him. After the murder of Banquo Macbeth becomes even more blood thirst and because of slight suspicion of Macduff, he has his entire family and servents murder without any hesitation. This is the behaviour of a cold blooded murderer. Duncan’s demise has caused the disarray of the natural world, changes in Macbeth’s attitude, and then eventually suicide of Lady Macbeth. Straight after Duncan’s murder, nature already begins to change. The natural world turns against normality. “New hatch’d to the woeful time; the obscure bird.. some say the earth, was feverous and did shake” (2. 3. 63-65). This was the beginning of the upcoming chaos in the natural world. The days become dark and everyone can feel death in the air. All of these unnatural occurrences are due to the murder of Duncan. Murdering a King was considered completely against nature, and against God. The imbalance in nature is a sort of Karma effect. What goes around comes around. In this case, go against nature, nature will go against you. Relevant Topics Readers Also Choose As news of Duncan’s murder spreads, people become frightened and confused. Duncan was a loyal and well-respected King. His death caused a lot of devastation to the people of Scotland. The people don’t feel safe anymore, they don’t know if they can trust Macbeth and many have their suspicions of who murder Duncan. We see Malcolm and Donalbain flee straight after the murder. This lead to suspicions that maybe they murdered their father. However, at this time, Scotland are full of mixed emotions, they are mourning their King, scared for their owns lives, unsure of their King and haunted by the unnatural events. The murder of Duncan has affected Macbeth’s life and the life of Scotland’s people. Scotland began to deteriorate. Macbeth lost his sanity, his character changes, his relationships collapse and everyone loses their respect for him. He starts a cycle of ruthless murders which lead to his own demise. In conclusion I agree with the statement “Macbeth’s murder of Duncan has had horrible consequences for both Macbeth himself and Scotland. ” Macbeth knew what was coming for him from the beginning. Blood begot blood.

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This discussion assesses your ability to clarify the role of each legally mandated attendee on the Individualized Education Program team. This assessment also supports your achievement of Course Learning Outcome…. Structure includes the ways an organization assigns formal roles and responsibilities, decision-making authority, expertise and skills, and work tasks. Think of an organization chart and how its implies structure directs the decision making, resource allocation, and workflow of the organization. Is it consistent with the strategy Assignment 2: LASA 1 Assignment—The Leader as a Strategist Report For this assignment, you will choose an organization to analyze. This organization can be one you are personally familiar with, or one you have observed to be an effective organization, You now become a newly appointed senior leader in that organization. As a new leader, you must prepare a report for the CEO that assesses the organization’s overall alignment between its vision, mission, values, and strategy. This report should consist of the following sections: - An analysis of the strategic cascade of the organization This includes assessing the organization’s strategy and market position. Use the framework implied in Michael Porter’s (1997) article “What is Strategy.” When describing the business strategy of your organization, consider the following questions: - What is the target market (target customer)? - What is your organization’s value proposition (How does it deliver value that satisfies the target’s wants and needs?)? - How is your product or service positioned in the market (What specific features and attributes define the product/service and how is its value reflected in its pricing, distribution, marketing communications, etc.?)? - How is your organization sustainably different from your competitors (What is the source of uniqueness and how sustainable is it from being diminished by competitors?)? - A strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis A SWOT analysis is a strategy planning tool that examines both internal and external environments for factors and trends that should shape planning and operations over the next five years. Environmental factors internal to the company are classified as strengths (to be leveraged) or weaknesses (to be mitigated), while external factors are classified as either opportunities (to be pursued) or threats (to be monitored and responded to). Some primer questions for the SWOT analysis include the following: - What advantages does your organization have? - What do you do better than anyone else? - What unique or lowest-cost resources can you draw upon that others cannot? - What do people in your market see as your strengths? - What factors mean that you “get the sale”? - What is your organization’s unique selling proposition (USP)? - What aspects of your product or service could you improve? - What market segments or competitive areas should you avoid? - What are people in your market likely to see as weaknesses? - What factors can make you lose sales? - What good opportunities can you spot? - What interesting trends are you aware of?Useful opportunities can come from such things as the following: - Changes in technology and markets on both a broad and narrow scale - Changes in government policy related to your field - Changes in social patterns, population profiles, lifestyle changes, and so on - Local events - What obstacles do you face? - What are your competitors doing? - Are quality standards or specifications for your job, products, or services changing? - Is changing technology threatening your position? - Do you have bad debt or cash-flow problems? - Could any of your weaknesses seriously threaten your business? - A summary of the internal environment, including the organization’s values and the key elements of the organization architecture that influence worker behavior. Include the following characteristics when analyzing the internal environment: - Structure: This includes the ways the organization assigns formal roles and responsibilities, decision-making authority, expertise and skills, and work tasks. Think of the organization chart and how its implied structure directs the decision making, resource allocation, and workflow of the organization. Is it consistent with the strategy? - Systems: This comprises the information flows that coordinate activities between groups and across the organization structure while helping direct worker behavior, including performance management, financial management, operating, forecasting and planning, and other regulating mechanisms. How do these systems help align workers and their actions with the strategy? - Culture: This consists of the unwritten rules and norms that govern worker behavior and help coordinate the activities across structural boundaries. Is the organization culture an enabler or impediment to the corporate strategy? What specific behaviors embedded in the culture support the strategy? What specific behaviors block the strategy? - A synthesis of the information evaluating the ability of the organization to implement the strategy using Kouzes and Posner’s Five Practices (for example, modeling the way) as a framework. Include answers to the following: - Company Culture - Describe the values and culture of your organization. - What are the values of your organization? - How are they reflected in the behaviors you see at work? - Employee Behaviors - Describe the behaviors in your organization. - Are these behaviors consistent with the business strategy? - Where do they conflict with the strategy? - What new behaviors are required to align with the strategy? - How might you and other leaders create new behaviors to support the strategy? - What specific actions would you implement to communicate, motivate, model the way, coach, inspire the vision, challenge the process, and encourage the heart? - Company Culture Your response to each part of the assignment should be approximately three pages. Your final product will be in a word document and be approximately 6–8 pages in length and utilize 4–7 scholarly sources in your research. Your paper should be written in a clear, concise, and organized manner; demonstrate ethical scholarship in accurate representation and attribution of sources; and display accurate spelling, grammar, and punctuation.

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https://homeworkbureau.com/projects/structure-includes-the-ways-an-organization-assigns-formal-roles-and-responsibilities-decision-making-authority-expertise-and-skills-and-work-tasks-think-of-an-organization-chart-and-how-its-impli/

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By now you must know about the jets of ice particles blasting out of Saturn’s moon Enceladus, and maybe have even heard about the recent discovery of water vapor issuing forth from Jupiter’s frozen moon Europa. But now we know of another spray-happy world out there: Ceres, which at 591 miles across is our solar system’s smallest dwarf planet but the largest object in the asteroid belt. New findings from ESA’s Herschel Space Observatory reveal that this diminutive world is jetting water vapor out into space, proving both that it has an icy surface and that water does in fact exist in the main asteroid belt, which stretches out between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. Read more below: “This is the first time water vapor has been unequivocally detected on Ceres or any other object in the asteroid belt and provides proof that Ceres has an icy surface and an atmosphere,” said Michael Küppers of ESA in Spain, lead author of a paper in the journal Nature. The results come at the right time for NASA’s Dawn mission, which is on its way to Ceres now after spending more than a year orbiting the large asteroid Vesta. Dawn is scheduled to arrive at Ceres in the spring of 2015, where it will take the closest look ever at its surface. “We’ve got a spacecraft on the way to Ceres, so we don’t have to wait long before getting more context on this intriguing result, right from the source itself,” said Carol Raymond, the deputy principal investigator for Dawn at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory. “Dawn will map the geology and chemistry of the surface in high resolution, revealing the processes that drive the outgassing activity.” Although Herschel was not able to make a resolved image of Ceres, the astronomers were able to derive the distribution of water sources on the surface by observing variations in the water signal during the dwarf planet’s 9-hour rotation period. Almost all of the water vapor was seen to be coming from just two spots on the surface. “We estimate that approximately 6 kg of water vapor is being produced per second, requiring only a tiny fraction of Ceres to be covered by water ice, which links nicely to the two localized surface features we have observed,” says Laurence O’Rourke, Principal Investigator for the Herschel asteroid and comet observation program called MACH-11, and second author on the Nature paper. The most straightforward explanation of the water vapor production is through sublimation, whereby ice is warmed and transforms directly into gas, dragging the surface dust with it, and thus exposing fresh ice underneath to sustain the process. Here is what scientists think is happening: when Ceres swings through the part of its orbit that is closer to the Sun, a portion of its icy surface becomes warm enough to cause water vapor to escape in plumes at a rate of about 6 kilograms (13 pounds) per second. When Ceres is in the colder part of its orbit, no water escapes. The two emitting regions are about 5% darker than the average on Ceres. Able to absorb slightly more sunlight, they are then likely to become the warmest regions, resulting in a more efficient sublimation of small reservoirs of water ice. “The lines are becoming more and more blurred between comets and asteroids. We knew before about main belt asteroids that show comet-like activity, but this is the first detection of water vapor in an asteroid-like object.” – Seungwon Lee, NASA JPL An alternative possibility is that geysers or icy volcanoes – cryovolcanism – play a role in the dwarf planet’s activity. “Localised sources of water vapour on dwarf planet (1) Ceres,” by M. Küppers et al. is published in Nature, January 23, 2014. Sources: ESA and Herschel press releases

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The popularity of Vegetarian and Paleolithic diets is on the rise. But that might be the understatement of the century. Vegetarianism has a long history, stretching back thousands of years in some regions, and the last several decades seem to have been on a steady incline for adopting the vegetarian diet as information about ethical and healthy eating practices becomes more widely available. But when it comes to the Paleo diet, it might be more accurate to say that the interest in this diet has skyrocketed in the last several years. Loren Cordain, an exercise scientist and nutritional expert, published his book, The Paleo Diet, in 2002. The book heralded a hunter-gatherer style of eating, positing it as the diet of the Paleolithic era when people did not have access to farmed and processed foods. Then, once Paleo hit the CrossFit community, its reputation exploded, and by 2013 it was the most commonly searched diet on Google. Both diets are in vogue — and due to their potential health benefits, many athletes are adopting them to support optimal performance. But typically, athletes choose one or the other – not both. In the vegetarian community, there is a divide between those who abstain from meat due to health benefits, and those who do so for ethical reasons. Both groups have risen in numbers, with more information generated every day about the lamentable practices of the slaughterhouse industry and the high incidence of health complications engendered by high-cholesterol diets laden with unhealthy fats. Before we go on, we’d better break down what exactly “vegetarianism” means. While vegetarianism is merely foregoing meat in one’s diet, there are some variations. Many vegetarians also exclude eggs, and some eschew the consumption of dairy. Others cut out both. Pescatarians, who are often classified as vegetarians, don’t eat meat but allow for fish and seafood. While abstinence from meat has shown numerous health benefits, it is still common for a vegetarian diet to be nutritionally weak in some areas for some people, as it bears no restrictions on processed foods, bad fats or refined carbohydrates. The Paleo world is more uniform, in that most who choose the Paleo route do so strictly for health reasons. However, the strictures of Paleo are more complicated than vegetarianism. The idea is to eat only foods that would have been available to humans during the Paleolithic era. Meats, vegetables, fruits and nuts all get the green light. But on the no-eat list are grains, refined sugars, legumes, seed oils, processed foods and gluten. In the athletic arena, the reasons for the diet are obvious to the diet-conscious. Paleo provides heaps of quality protein and carbohydrate sources — crucial for supporting any intense physical regimen — while eliminating foods that encourage fat gains and wreak havoc on the body’s digestive and cardiovascular systems. Both the Vegetarian and Paleo diets have been used by athletes successfully. But quite rare among athletes — or the population in general — is the Paleo-Vegetarian diet, which follows Paleo rules while also refraining from meat. Given that a central pillar of Paleo tends to be meat such as bacon and lean grass-fed beef, these two diets can be very challenging to combine. With the communities taking interest in each other — Paleo enthusiasts who wish to nix the meat from their diets, and vegetarians looking to optimize their health — the question has to be asked: can a diet geared for top athletic performance be both Paleo and Vegetarian? In a word, yes. It is certainly possible to take a Paleo diet and cut out the meat. However, whether it is an optimal plan for an active lifestyle is less certain. It also means following a number of complex rules, so it requires someone who is both knowledgeable and committed. Paleo takes a huge chunk of the typical Western diet and shoes it away. Without grains, refined sugars, legumes and seed oils, one is already going against the societal norm. Meals have to be planned and prepared ahead of time, because the fast food menu and the pizza night at the neighbors’ cannot accommodate a Paleo eater. Since Paleo relies heavily on meat for protein, it is easy to see that making it vegetarian-friendly presents difficulties. Vegetarians typically obtain high quantities of protein from dairy and legumes — both of which are prohibited by Paleo. So what’s left? Those who wish to marry the two diets will be compelled to rely primarily on nuts and eggs for protein. While this is feasible, it certainly limits one’s options. And limited meal options means getting bored or being left unsatisfied, which in turn often means giving up on the diet. Athletes looking to encourage muscle gains with a high protein intake may find the restrictions of a Paleo-Vegetarian life quite imposing. It is not all bad from here, though. Adding more eggs and nuts into one’s diet is simple enough, and after a few weeks of adjustment it can begin to feel natural. Many Paleo-Vegetarians also rely heavily on protein powders and supplements to round out their protein needs. One who is truly committed to a Paleo-Vegetarian diet can make it work with a lot of planning and a strict grocery list. But for those who are willing to make just one compromise from the Paleo diet, things become much easier. Since legumes are proven to have excellent nutritional benefits and provide a great source of protein and complex carbohydrates, it is sensible for most vegetarians to stick with legumes while giving a nod to Paleo by dropping refined sugars, grains, dairy and gluten. This slightly modified Paleo-Vegetarian diet, rich in vegetables, fruits, nuts, eggs and legumes, provides plenty of quality carbohydrates, fats and protein. We know it isn’t a perfect Paleo-Vegetarian solution, but this ensures that those with full exercise schedules you can get all the nutrients you require without relying on nearly all of the foods that Paleo purists are so keen on avoiding. In the end, everyone has to decide which diet — or hybrid diet —will work for them. A meat-free Paleo diet including legumes — think “Paleo-Vegetarian with breathing room” — provides plenty of cuisine options and still jettisons problem foods like refined sugars, seed oils and gluten. As for those who wish to forego legumes and embrace a strictly Paleo-Vegetarian life, it is certainly doable. It will just require a little extra effort — and plenty of patience for eggs and nuts.

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Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Reactions to a traumatic experience can differ greatly from person to person. It is important to understand that just because a child/adolescent has experienced a traumatic event, this does not mean that they will inevitably suffer severe emotional consequences as a result. Factors that influence how much children react to a traumatic event include; the age of the child and their ability to understand the event, the nature of the event, how quickly they can return to a normal lifestyle, their support network and the people around them. Experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event can make a child think that the world around them is no longer a safe and predictable place; this can be very frightening. Specific reactions can differ greatly but often seem to consist of a contradictory cycle of trying to avoid reminders, but at the same time re-experiencing the event in many ways over and over (nightmares, re-enacting). Young children may regress to an earlier developmental stage. School children may become moody, blame themselves, become angry and aggressive, or with-drawn. Adolescents may also become angry and upset, withdraw from friends and social activities. Their sleep and eating patterns may also change. Coping with trauma is a complex challenge, and reactions to an event can therefore be very different and unpredictable. SIGNS OF POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER (PTSD) Exposure to a traumatic event can be followed by signs of PTSD: - Re-experiencing ‘flashbacks’ of the event; like watching an action-replay, which is distressing and frightening. - Non-specific effects such as withdrawal or regression. - Increased arousal (e.g. night terrors, being easily startled). - New fears (e.g. of the dark, or separation). - Symptoms present for at least 1 month. THINGS TO THINK ABOUT Many children and adolescents will experience or witness a potentially traumatic event at some point. This does not automatically mean that they will suffer serious emotional consequences. However, it is not unnatural to feel afraid and stressed after a traumatic event, and often these reactions don’t last very long. What can you do as a parent/carer? Be reassuring and comforting. Pay extra attention to them and be considerate. Try to stick to routines as much as possible. This will help them return to ‘normal’ life and make them feel safe and secure. Encourage them to express their feelings and be available for them to talk to you. At the same time it’s important that you don’t force them, or make them feel that they should talk – this is very personal and entirely up to them. When listening, remain calm and just listen to them. Provide simple but honest answers; make sure your answers help them understand more. If possible, try to avoid extra stress Encourage getting back to normal life as soon as possible. Encourage participation in physical activities such as sport. When to consider asking for more specialist help CONSIDER SEEKING HELP: - If your attempts to help the child have uncovered issues that you feel unable to deal with. - If the specific behaviour that the child or adolescent is showing as a result is very extreme or occurs together with other worrying behaviours (e.g. self harm). - If the child or adolescent starts having problems in other areas of their lives, such as social withdrawal. - If as a result of a traumatic event the child or adolescent shows severe reactions and changes in behaviour for a long time. - If the child or adolescent experiences frequent nightmares or other problems with their sleep after the event. - If the child or adolescent starts having alcohol or drug related problems, or engages in risk-taking behaviours. - If you suspect the symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Further support, advice and self-help Young Minds gives free, relevant, practical information about a range of mental health issues in children and young people. It has information about feelings and symptoms, conditions and looking after yourself. It also has some specific information about self-harm and what to do about self-harm. Minded is a free educational resource on children and young people’s mental health for adults, but can also be really useful for teenagers. It covers lot of topics. Relate gives specific advice for different types of worries and problems aimed at young people.

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https://www.camhsnorthderbyshire.nhs.uk/ptsd/

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Some say that you have to set limits by using timeouts, a strict voice, praise or giving rewards. Others claim that it’s better to leave children free since ‘borders will hinder’ them in their development. What is wise to do? And is there another way? If our children are babies, it helps them feel securely attached to us when we respond to their signals. When they are hungry, to give food. When they pee, to offer a new diaper or the potty. If they want to be close, to offer a cuddle. This instills in them a deeply rooted sense of trust in themselves and in life. But what as our children grow older? When they’re wanting their own autonomy, like during the so called “terrible twos”? Toddlers, children, teens that want to do their own thing, while you’re feeling confused. Do you still need to follow your toddler? When should you start setting limits and when not? Or is it better not to set limits at all? And.. WHAT ARE LIMITS anyways? To answer all these questions, we must focus on the last one first and determine what limits are. The most obvious boundaries are those that keep a child safe. Think of not letting your child cross the street alone. Less obvious boundaries are our own limits as parents. And then there are the limits of other people: not everyone needs to laugh heartily as your cute little angel is jumping on their brand new sofa “because this couch is so suitable for jumping.” Furthermore our purse might be protesting at times and setting its own limits. General rules can also be limits; children should not drive our car on the highway or touch the paintings in a museum. And then there are medical boundaries, for example, like an allergy or a hole in the tooth. Everyday there are many limits. Have I forgotten any others? Anyway, all around us are boundaries and limits. They are a natural part of our existence. And they do not have to stand in the way of the development of a child. But on the other side, limits and boundaries also don’t mean that we have to play policeman all day long. Children can learn to deal with limits… …if they get the chance. When children do not perceive any boundaries, they do not get to learn to deal with them because they have not experienced any limits to practice with. Later, growing up, they can therefore have more difficulty with accepting boundaries or find themselves struggling in how to deal with sudden limits. On the other side, children who grew up with boundaries through penalties, timeouts, strict orders, rewards, disqualifications, etc. also fail to learn to deal with limits and boundaries. The emphasis they receive is on obeying the limit and not on the process of acceptance, questioning or reflection of those limits. In both cases there’s little or no attention towards learning to deal with boundaries or rules. Therefore I’d like to choose a third option: setting limits, BUT without penalties, time outs, rewards, praise or made up consequences. So how can we set limits? According to psychologist Aletha Solter, Ph.D. there are several ways to set limits without timeouts, reward, praise or made up consequences, for example: 1. Physical border Babies begin to understand the concept of rules around 21 months. So before that time, you can keep on repeating yourself endlessly without your child understanding. Until that time, but also after, you can set physical limits by keeping dangerous objects and fragile items out of reach of children. The advantage is that we do not have to cry “no” all day if our little one goes around exploring. That’s less frustrating for us as well as for our child and it has the advantage that our child doesn’t give up exploring the world because it has been so often forbidden. Aletha Solter says: “This way you do not have to say no very often. By reducing the number of situations in which you have to say no, you can to some extent prevent the problem.” Thomas Gordon talks about how we can communicate a limit with an I-message instead of a you-message: “I want you to go down the stairs, because if you do go on the stairs when the stove is hot, I can’t cook very well and I’m afraid I’ll accidentally knock you over with a hot pan.” This provides information about why you set a limit. Gordon says: “When parents start using I-messages, they do not only find changes in their children; they also feel a major shift in themselves. I-messages have a liberating effect: they help express feelings instead of bottling them up.“ You can also communicate limits using play! Make a joke about it. Think of something crazy. Setting limits doesn’t need to be serious all the time. Children, just like us adults, learn better when they feel happy than when they feel anxious. Aletha Solter writes: “Attachment Play teaches you how to set boundaries in a way that inspires children to cooperate rather than to rebel.” 4. Drawing up the rules together Do you involve your child in finding solutions and drawing up the rules in your home? Thinking together about them and seeing what works for everyone can be very satisfying. It also increases the likelihood that the rules are respected and allows you to be less of a policeman. Find solutions together. You will be amazed! 5. Loving limits A loving limit is setting a limit combined with empathy, giving space for the emotions that come up in a child. It is through emotional processing that there may be room for acceptance and understanding of boundaries. All in all… Borders are part of life, and contrary to what you might often hear around you, there are other ways to set them and deal with them. You can help children lovingly to deal with this. Then download the free guide below or join the free workshop! About the author Hi! I'm Chris Muller, MSc, BTA, and I'm a passionate psychologist, counsellor in Transactional Analysis and Aware Parenting Instructor level 2 in Amsterdam. I offer Aware Parenting Workshops and 1-on-1 coaching and guidance (In my practice and through video-calls). It's my passion to support you to have joy, understanding and connection with your child and with yourself! Xx 12 tips + explanation for almost all parenting struggles without time-outs, rewards or sleeptraining Would you like to receive my Free Book Guide? Would you like to receive free tips & updates by email? Then fill in your email! Photo by Shelby Courtney

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- »Teaching & Learning - »Technology, Vocational, Information and Business Education - »Vocational, Information and Business Education The primary aim of ICT is to ensure that every student can develop his or her capability and awareness of Information and Communication Technology and Computing. It is important that students are able to use a computer to: - Communicate and present information - Manipulate data and model different scenarios - Access vast stores of information through the internet - Create their own simple programs using graphical and command line programming applications. In addition, it is important for students to learn about the many applications of computer technology and its impact upon people's lives. Facilities and Resources Information and Communications Technology is used throughout the curriculum. Specialist teachers provide support to other departments where required and also provide training for other members of staff. Our ICT resources include sixteen networked computer suites, all with electronic white boards, plus a large number of networked computers in many departments and laboratories across the College. Every classroom has a networked computer as part of the electronic registration system.

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The resource has been added to your collection At Youth Entrepreneurs, the principles that guide behavior are called Foundational Values. These YE values are central to our curriculum and significant in helping our students grow. Learn about the Foundational Value Knowledge, one of Youth Entrepreneur’s eight guiding Foundational Values. Not Rated Yet.

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Tailored education could increase use of city’s bike lanes Targeting specific groups could mean more riders year-round, researcher says. By BEV BETKOWSKI Cities with bike lanes, like Edmonton, should also invest in outreach programs that coax more cyclists to ride during the winter, says a University of Alberta researcher. Offering tailored public programming could help boost usage for fairweather cyclists to use the roomy new bike lanes all year round, said urban planning expert Manish Shirgaokar. An assistant professor in the Faculty of Science, he conducted a study that explored how the desire to bike sways a rider’s decision to cycle depending on the weather. “The ‘want’ to bicycle drives the usage—or lack of usage—of bike lanes,” he said. “It plays a key role in maximizing the utilization of the biking infrastructure we are putting in place, especially during our long winters.” - RELATED: Connection to bicycles reinforces connection to self, others and community - RELATED: If we build it, will they bike? His findings, drawn from a review of other studies and a 2014 City of Edmonton survey, suggest that public education and season-specific training programs, particularly aimed at adults and women, have the potential to accelerate year-round bicycling. Programs could benefit people who don’t bike at all, those who bike only in the summer and low-income individuals who may feel stigmatized by using bikes to get around. “The idea of offering education programs is to nudge all the groups forward in their riding habits,” Shirgaokar said, adding that year-round cycling is very realistic for a northern city like Edmonton. “If Scandinavian countries can do it, so can we. “The city’s relatively flat topography makes for easy biking, and there are added benefits of sunlight and exercise—necessities during the winter—and less greenhouse gas. If we got more people walking, biking and taking transit to work, we would see a gradual drop in carbon emissions.” The City of Edmonton and local bicycling advocacy groups offer a sprinkling of classes for adult biking, but “this research suggests a need to customize programs towards specific groups,” Shirgaokar said. And tailored programs would be a smart municipal investment in terms of getting the most out of tax-funded bike lanes, he believes. “Connectivity between formal policy and how the city lives its life needs to happen,” he said. “City-building is not just about investing dollars in hard infrastructure, it’s also about soft programming, and you could reach a lot of people that way.” Catering to specific demographics—like professionals who work in Edmonton’s downtown core—has the potential for programming to reach far and wide, he added. “It could be part of their professional development. That’s a huge chunk of Edmonton.” Similarly, studies have shown that women are more risk-averse, so a program that teaches them how to safely navigate winter roads could get them cycling year round, Shirgaokar said. “We want to encourage more people to buy into this idea of bicycling, to create a small chain reaction.”

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https://www.folio.ca/tailored-education-could-increase-use-of-citys-bike-lanes/

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The risk management plan is a component of the project management plan that describes how risk management activities will be structured and performed. The risk management plan may include some or all of the following elements: 1. Risk strategy . Describes the general approach to managing risk on this project. Andrea The general approach to manage risk on this project will be to identify as many risks as possible early on the project. To do this, we’ll first determine which are the areas that could present a risk from the activities carried out for each. From there, risks will be identified, categorized and prioritized. We will determine the probability of occurrence and impact of each, and then plan an appropriate response accordingly. 2. Methodology . Defines the specific approaches, tools, and data sources that will be used to perform risk management on the project. Andrea · Risk identification brainstorming session among the members of the group to think about ‘What could go wrong?’. For this we will construct an RBS to determine which areas could propose a risk. · Risk assessment we will prioritize our risk management plan by determining the probability and impact of each risk. This will be done through a qualitative and quantitative analysis of each of the risks identified. · Risk response Finally, we’ll have our risk register, which will compile all the information above, as well has help us on determining a response for each situation. 3. Roles and responsibilities . Defines the lead, support, and risk management team members for each type of activity described in the risk management plan, and clarifies their responsibilities. Vismay 4. Funding . Identifies the funds needed to perform activities related to Project Risk Management. Establishes protocols for the application of contingency and management reserves. Vismay 5. Timing. Defines when and how often the Project Risk Management processes will be performed throughout the project life cycle, and establishes risk management activities for inclusion into the project schedule. Zhiqi 6. Risk categories. Provide a means for grouping individual project risks. A common way to structure risk categories is with a risk breakdown structure (RBS), which is a hierarchical representation of potential sources of risk (see example in Figure 11-4). An RBS helps the project team consider the full range of sources from which individual project risks may arise. This can be useful when identifying risks or when categorizing identified risks. The organization may have a generic RBS to be used for all projects, or there may be several RBS frameworks for different types of projects, or the project may develop a tailored RBS. Where an RBS is not used, an organization may use a custom risk categorization framework, which may take the form of a simple list of categories or a structure based on project objectives. Andrea – RBS Risk Breakdown Structure (RBS) 7. Stakeholder risk appetite. The risk appetites of key stakeholders on the project are recorded in the risk management plan, as they inform the details of the Plan Risk Management process. In particular, stakeholder risk appetite should be expressed as measurable risk thresholds around each project objective. These thresholds will determine the acceptable level of overall project risk exposure, and they are also used to inform the definitions of probability and impacts to be used when assessing and prioritizing individual project risks. Andrea There are two main areas to be identified with regards to the senior management risk appetite: budget and schedule. The senior management has specified that: · Budget the total budget for the event is $20,000, from which $500 should be used for risk management. However, there’s a high tolerance for risks when it comes to the budget. · Schedule the event should be planned and executed in 6 months, and there is no tolerance for the tam to go out of schedule. The event date can’t be change. 8. Definitions of risk probability and impacts. Definitions of risk probability and impact levels are specific to the project context and reflect the risk appetite and thresholds of the organization and key stakeholders. The project may generate specific definitions of probability and impact levels or it may start with general definitions provided by the organization. The number of levels reflects the degree of detail required for the Project Risk Management process, with more levels used for a more detailed risk approach (typically five levels), and fewer for a simple process (usually three). Table 11-1 provides an example of definitions of probability and impacts against three project objectives. These scales can be used to evaluate both threats and opportunities by interpreting the impact definitions as negative for threats (delay, additional cost, and performance shortfall) and positive for opportunities (reduced time or cost, and performance enhancement). Vismay – Probability and impact scale definitions for time, cost, and quality 9. Probability and impact matrix. Described in Section 184.108.40.206. Prioritization rules may be specified by the organization in advance of the project and be included in organizational process assets, or they may be tailored to the specific project. Opportunities and threats are represented in a common probability and impact matrix using positive definitions of impact for opportunities and negative impact definitions for threats. Descriptive terms (such as very high, high, medium, low, and very low) or numeric values can be used for probability and impact. Where numeric values are used, these can be multiplied to give a probability-impact score for each risk, which allows the relative priority of individual risks to be evaluated within each priority level. An example probability and impact matrix is presented in Figure 11-5, which also shows a possible numeric risk scoring scheme. Zhiqi – with scoring scheme

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Functions like sine and cosine are periodic. For example, sin(x + 2πn) = sin(x) for all x and any integer n, and so the period of sine is 2π. But what happens if you look at sine or cosine as functions of a complex variable? They’re still periodic if you shift left or right, but not if you shift up or down. If you move up or down, i.e. in a pure imaginary direction, sines and cosines become unbounded. Doubly periodic functions are periodic in two directions. Formally, a function f(z) of complex variable is doubly periodic if there exist two constants ω1 and ω2 such that f(z) = f(z + ω1) = f(z + ω2) for all z. The ratio ω1 / ω2 cannot be real; otherwise the two periods point in the same direction. For the rest of this post, I’ll assume ω1 = 1 and ω2 = i. Such functions are periodic in the horizontal (real-axis) and vertical (imaginary-axis) directions. They repeat everywhere their behavior on the unit square. What do doubly periodic functions look like? It depends on what restrictions we place on the functions. When we’re working with complex functions, we’re typically interested in functions that are analytic, i.e. differentiable as complex functions. Only constant functions can be doubly periodic and analytic everywhere. Why? Our functions take on over and over the values they take on over the unit square. If a function is analytic over the (closed) unit square then it’s bounded over that square, and since it’s doubly periodic, it’s bounded everywhere. By Liouville’s theorem, the only bounded analytic functions are constants. This says that to find interesting doubly periodic functions, we’ll have to relax our requirements. Instead of requiring functions to be analytic everywhere, we will require them to be analytic except at isolated singularities. That is, the functions are allowed to blow up at a finite number of points. There’s a rich set of such functions, known as elliptic functions. There are two well-known families of elliptic functions. One is the Weierstrass ℘ function (TeX symbol wp, Unicode U+2118) and its derivatives. The other is the Jacobi functions sn, cn, and dn. These functions have names resembling familiar trig functions because the Jacobi functions are in some ways analogous to trig functions. It turns out that all elliptic functions can be written as combinations either of the Weierstrass function and its derivative or combinations of Jacobi functions. Roughly speaking, Weierstrass functions are easier to work with theoretically and Jacobi functions are easier to work with numerically. Related: Applied complex analysis

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These complex defenses were started in 1388 by a John Hawley. Dartmouth Castle is considered to be the most beautifully located fortresses in England and for over 600 years they have guarded the entrance to the Dart Estuary and the vibrant port of Dartmouth. Around 1490 the 'Gun Tower' was added by the townsmen and this is still well-preserved, it is thought to be the first fort in Britain to have a purpose built 'ship-sinking' heavy cannon. During the 16th Century the open air gun platforms were added by Henry VII. More additions were added in the 17th Century to accommodate even later military technology. Whatever the weather, climb to the top and look across the stunning estuary and imagine how it could be blocked in wartime to incoming ships by lifting a huge and heavy chain! During the Victorian era the 'Old Battery' was added with guardrooms and a maze of passages which are great to explore. More heavy guns were also added and you can watch film sequences that retell 6 Centuries of history . This castle has seen wars from the Civil right through to the 2nd World War. The 'Old Battery' is the largest part of the castle that still remains and overlooked the D-Day preparations! - Parking - Limited - Accessibility - Good - Toilets - Yes - Refreshments - Yes - Dogs - Welcome year round Sea views, historians. Surrounding the Castle are gorgeous woodland walks and of course the fabulous coastline with all the exciting and beautiful wildlife and birds you would expect. Look out for St Petroc's church, which is immediately adjacent. Don't forget to admire the Kingswear Castle across the way. This began construction in 1491 and was completed in 1502. They are very similar and ensured that the Dart Estuary had a single defensive plan. They are the first fortifications to be designed specifically for artillery! Sadly by 1560, Kingswear Castle was redundant, due to the military engineering! There were now guns powerful enough to cover the width of the river from Dartmouth Castle alone and logistically it was difficult to maintain being so exposed to the weather (very early on it was recorded that the iron guns could not be kept there because they rusted so quickly). Brass cannons were simply too expensive and didn't cut the mustard! By the end of the 16th Century, Kingswear was only manned in emergencies and by 1661 much of it had been destroyed by fire. For the next 130 years it lay as a ruiin until it was rescued in 1855 by a Charles S Hayne, a 22 year old bachelor of some wealth, who turned it into a summer residence. (Apart from a brief moment during the 2nd World War when Marines occupied it) In 1987 it was bought by the Landmark Trust who fully restored it and it is now a glorious holiday let for anyone to enjoy! It's a fact ! Two 12 pound guns from the 16th Century have been seen on the sea bed below the castle. John Hawley, Dartmouth castle's first owner (and also the Mayor of Dartmouth) was believed to be the inspiration for the ‘Shipman’ in Chaucer‘s Canterbury tales.

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By Nessa Carey Epigenetics can possibly revolutionize our knowing of the constitution and behaviour of organic lifestyles in the world. It explains why mapping an organism's genetic code isn't sufficient to figure out the way it develops or acts and exhibits how nurture combines with nature to engineer organic variety. Surveying the twenty-year historical past of the sector whereas additionally highlighting its most modern findings and strategies, this quantity presents a comfortably comprehensible creation to the rules of epigenetics. Nessa Carey, a number one epigenetics researcher, connects the field's arguments to such varied phenomena as how ants and queen bees keep watch over their colonies; why tortoiseshell cats are consistently girl; why a few crops desire chilly climate sooner than they could flower; and the way bodies age and boost affliction. achieving past biology, epigenetics now informs paintings on drug dependancy, the long term results of famine, and the actual and mental outcomes of early life trauma. Carey concludes with a dialogue of the longer term instructions for this examine and its skill to enhance human overall healthiness and well-being. Preview of The Epigenetics Revolution: How Modern Biology Is Rewriting Our Understanding of Genetics, Disease, and Inheritance PDF Best Biology books Assuming in basic terms history wisdom of algebra and common calculus, and entry to a contemporary computer, Nonlinear machine Modeling of Chemical and Biochemical facts provides the elemental foundation and strategies of information modeling via laptop utilizing nonlinear regression research. Bypassing the necessity for middleman analytical phases, this technique permits swift research of hugely complicated techniques, thereby permitting trustworthy details to be extracted from uncooked experimental info. “Venter instills awe for biology because it is, and because it may well develop into in our fingers. ” —Publishers WeeklyOn may well 20, 2010, headlines world wide introduced the most impressive accomplishments in glossy technology: the construction of the world’s first artificial lifeform. In lifestyles on the velocity of sunshine, scientist J. By way of the simplest promoting writer of The egocentric Gene 'This interesting and thought-provoking publication is a superb representation of why the research of evolution is in such an exhilarating ferment nowadays. ' technological know-how 'The prolonged Phenotype is a sequel to The egocentric Gene . .. he writes so essentially it may be understood through a person ready to make the effort' John Maynard Smith, London evaluation of Books 'Dawkins is sort of incapable of being dull this normally exceptional and stimulating publication is unique and provocative all through, and immensely relaxing. Lately, the realm has witnessed dramatic outbreaks of such risky viruses resembling HIV, Hanta, swine flu, SARS, and Lassa fever. during this Very brief advent, eminent biologist and well known technological know-how author Dorothy Crawford deals a desirable portrait of those infinitesimally small yet usually hugely harmful creatures. - The Biology of Belief: Unleashing the Power of Consciousness, Matter, & Miracles - The Origin of Individuals - Evolution: A Very Short Introduction (Very Short Introductions) - Biophysics: An Introduction (2nd Edition) - Biopsychology (8th Edition) - The Oxford Handbook of the History of Eugenics Additional info for The Epigenetics Revolution: How Modern Biology Is Rewriting Our Understanding of Genetics, Disease, and Inheritance It’s definitely demanding to visualize how an environmental impression at the cells of anyone may perhaps act at a particular gene to alter the base-pair series. yet it’s all too visible that epigenetic adjustments – be those DNA methylation or changes to the histone proteins – do certainly happen at particular genes in accordance with the environmental impacts on a telephone. The reaction to hormonal signalling that was once pointed out in an past bankruptcy was once an instance of this. normally, a hormone like oestrogen will bind to a receptor on a mobilephone from, for instance, the breast. The oestrogen and the receptor remain jointly and stream into the nucleus of the mobile. They bind to express motifs in DNA – A, C, G and T bases in a specific series – that are came across on the promoters of convinced genes. This is helping to change at the genes. while it binds to those motifs, the oestrogen receptor additionally draws a number of epigenetic enzymes. those modify the histone changes, removal marks that repress gene expression and placing on marks that have a tendency to change genes on. during this manner, the surroundings, performing through hormones, can swap the epigenetic trend at particular genes. those epigenetic adjustments don’t switch the series of a gene, yet they do regulate how the gene is expressed. this is often, in spite of everything, the complete foundation of developmental programming for later affliction. we all know that epigenetic changes may be transmitted from a dad or mum mobilephone to a daughter mobilephone, as it's because there are not any the teeth on your eyeballs. If an analogous mechanism transmitted an environmentally-induced epigenetic amendment from somebody to their offspring, we might have a mechanism for a kind of Lamarckian inheritance. An epigenetic (as against genetic) switch will be handed down from guardian to baby. Heresy and the Dutch starvation wintry weather It’s all rather well to contemplate how this may occur, yet quite we have to recognize if received features can really be inherited during this approach. no longer how does it ensue, however the extra uncomplicated query of does it occur? Remarkably, there seem to be a few particular occasions the place this can be certainly occurring. This doesn’t suggest that Darwinian/Mendelian versions are incorrect, it simply signifies that, as regularly, the area of biology is extra complex than we imagined. The clinical literature in this comprises a few complicated terminology. a few early papers confer with epigenetic transmission of an got trait yet don’t appear to have any proof of DNA methylation alterations, or histone adjustments. This isn’t sloppiness at the a part of the authors. It’s as a result other ways during which the be aware epigenetics has been used. within the early papers the word ‘epigenetic transmission’ refers to inheritance that can not be defined by means of genetics. In those circumstances, the notice epigenetic is getting used to explain the phenomenon, now not the molecular mechanism. to attempt to maintain every thing a bit clearer, we’ll use the word ‘transgenerational inheritance’ to explain the phenomenon of transmission of an bought attribute and simply use ‘epigenetics’ to explain molecular occasions.

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In the weeks since Ivy Bridge launched, it’s come out that Intel used thermal paste between the CPU’s heat spreader and the actual die, rather than the fluxless solder it debuted with Prescott and adopted for subsequent CPUs. This, combined with evidence that IVB heats up very quickly when overclocked, has given rise to much wailing and gnashing of teeth from certain parts of the enthusiast community, despite conflicting evidence on whether or not removing the heat spreader actually makes a difference. Lurking behind the question of whether or not removing the heat spreader matters (and it’s perfectly reasonable to think that it at least could make a difference) is an unhappy truth: Overclocking is going away, and not because Intel chose goo over solder this time around. The problem is systemic; an outgrowth of the fact that while Moore’s law still works, Dennard scaling — the rule that said smaller transistors would use proportionally less power — began breaking down years ago. To get an idea of the root of the problem, consider the transistor density of Nehalem, Sandy Bridge, and Ivy Bridge. It speaks to Intel’s manufacturing prowess that the company has managed to scale transistor density the way it has while simultaneously reducing TDP at stock speeds, but increased density encourages the formation of hot spots across the die. The relationship is proportional — the smaller the die, the less surface area each component occupies. Smaller surfaces mean less area in contact with the heat spreader. There’s no simple way to “fix” the fact that hot spots are getting hotter as die surfaces shrink. The other factor working against Ivy Bridge is that, as process nodes shrink, the amount of resistance (heat) generated at a given voltage also rises. Increasing the voltage to reach higher clock speeds only exacerbates this trend. This drives core temperatures sharply upwards. It’s a long-established fact that CPUs built on smaller processes require less voltage and respond more sharply to smaller increases, but the difference between Nehalem at 45nm and Ivy Bridge at 22nm is striking. Our original plan was to compare the relationship between CPU voltage, power consumption, and frequency across Nehalem (45nm), Sandy Bridge (32nm) and Ivy Bridge (22nm). Unfortunately, unanticipated technical problems intervened. As a result, we’ve been forced to merge our own Nehalem data with tests run by Anandtech (AT) and Tech Report (TR), and we’ve confined the comparison to Nehalem and IVB. While this means that our data is no longer strictly controlled, we have faith in the measurements of the other two sites, and the difference between the two isn’t subtle. Our Nehalem system was built using MSI’s Big Bang motherboard; an enthusiast X58 design that featured lower power consumption and strong overclocking features. We used a low-end Radeon 5750 and just 2GB of RAM to minimize power consumption and reduce the impact of non-CPU components when comparing across product generations. According to data from AT and TR, the (Ivy Bridge) Core i7-3770K draws ~120W at its stock speed of 3.5GHz. That’s a considerable improvement over our (Nehalem) Core i7-920, which drew 161W at full load. At 4.6GHz, IVB’s power consumption has nearly doubled, to 204W. At Tech Report’s high of 4.9GHz, the chip’s power consumption has risen to 236W. Compare Ivy Bridge against Nehalem when we normalize the data sets to show proportional increases. In the chart’s x-axis, the 40% refers to IVB, the 53% refers to Nehalem. This is less exact than we wanted, but the best-fit line we were able to build given disparate data sets. At 4GHz — an overclock just a bit above 50% — our i7-920 drew ~275W. At 4.9GHz, Tech Report’s Ivy Bridge drew 236W. Focusing on wattage, rather than temperature, paints a clearer picture of how Ivy Bridge’s increased thermal density plays out in real life. Focusing on the chip’s thermal paste obscures the larger trends. With bus-based overclocking having largely gone the way of the dgodo and AMD unable to offer an enthusiast challenge to Intel, the days of buying a low-end chip and ramping the clock 30-50% to compensate are well and truly gone. Intel’s desktop products are now largely differentiated by core count, Hyper-Threading, and cache sizes rather than clock speed. Next page: The slow death of overclocking - 1 of 2 - Next »

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- Types of Data You Enter into Excel - Entering Different Types of Data into a Cell - Controlling the Next Cell Selection - Using Copy, Cut, Paste, Paste Special to Enter Data - Using Text to Columns to Separate Data in a Single Column - Inserting Symbols and Equations into a Cell - Using Web Queries to Get Data onto a Sheet - Using Series to Quickly Fill a Range - Editing Data - Working with Tables - Fixing Numbers Stored as Text - Spellchecking Your Sheet - Finding Data on Your Sheet - Using Data Validation to Limit Data Entry in a Cell Types of Data You Enter into Excel It’s important to differentiate types of data because Excel treats each differently. You tell Excel what kind of data is in a cell by how you type it into the cell or by how you format the cell. Data in Excel can fall into one of four categories. - Numbers—Numeric data that can be used for calculation purposes. - Text—Alphabetic or numeric data that is not used for calculation purposes. Examples of numeric text are phone numbers or Social Security numbers. - Dates and Times—Although dates and times may be considered alphanumeric, there are occasions where you might want to perform calculations on the values, so it is important to identify the data correctly to Excel. - Formulas and Functions—It’s important that Excel knows you’re entering a formula or it will treat what you enter like text. This topic is covered in detail in Chapter 5, “Using Formulas.” You can’t combine types of data in a cell. You can type “5 oranges,” but Excel will see that as text. It won’t separate the “5” as a number and the “oranges” as text. If you want to deal with the 5 as a number, then you need to enter it into its own cell.

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The continuous increase in atmospheric [CO 2] is a response to anthropogenic CO2 emission and very likely to impact future developments of ecosystem vegetation composition, which is not only of major importance related to questions concerning sustainable biodiversity preservation, but also of severe significance with respect to peoples protection from climate change effects. The review therefore addresses the response of vegetation in general and of plant functional types in particular towards elevated atmospheric [CO 2], regarding C3 and C4 grasses, trees, shrubs and legumes by analyzing their response with respect to stomatal regulation, transpiration, water use efficiency, soil moisture, reproduction, root to shoot ratio, carbon allocation and fire resistance. EcoHyD combines a hydrological model with a vegetation model, both specialized for use with savanna ecosystems. Plant functional types have been implemented in a object oriented method to increase the model useability. Parts of the model have been revised and improved. The model was extended to perform simulations with respect to the CO2 concentration scenarios given by the International Panel for Climate Change (IPCC). Routines for the calculation of stomatal conductance and transpiration in dependency of varying CO2 concentrations have been implemented, based on scientific publications.

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Artificial intelligence, or AI, offers exciting possibilities for making our lives more productive and interesting – from voice assistants to self-driving cars, and even apps that can identify and categorize, based on who or what they see. But what ethical issues do tech companies, consumers and governments need to keep in mind as AI becomes more pervasive, and computers begin to make judgments and decisions on their own? Do we risk surrendering our privacy and autonomy to machines that can think? Digital savant Omar Gallaga of the Austin American-Statesman’s 512 Tech says tech leaders, including Tesla and SpaceX founder Elon Musk have sounded the alarm about AI, and companies that produce AI-based products are being encouraged to consider the ethical implications of what they build. What you’ll hear in this segment: –What ethical concerns are associated with artificial intelligence –How tech companies can respond to ethical dilemmas

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Public Key Infrastructure A Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) is a system of cryptographic technologies, standards, management processes and controls governing the use of digital certificates. PKI is s system for supporting digital signatures and document encryption for an organisation. It is an enabling technology in that it enables users of an insecure public network (such as the internet) to securely and privately exchange data through the use of a public / private cryptographic key pair that is obtained and shared through a trusted authority. Enabling effective e-security A successfully implemented and managed PKI provides for effective e-security in that it offers: - Non-Repudiation – which is evidence, verified by a trusted third party – that a transaction has been sent or authorised by the purported sender. PKI uses digital signatures to bind the identity of a party to the transaction so that knowledge of the transaction cannot later be denied. - Authentication – this is the process of testing and verifying an assertion of identity, in order to establish a reliable level of confidence in those assertions - Integrity – PKI offers integrity through digital signatures, which is used to proved the data has not been altered in transit – effectively preventing malicious third parties from tampering with the messages. This is also important for non-repudiation. - Confidentiality – it allows selected users to confidentially exchange sensitive information. Recipient-targeted encryption ensures that only the intended recipients of a message will be able to decrypt and read the message. What does it consist of? A PKI is made up of: - A certificate authority that issues and verifies digital certificates - A registration authority that acts as the verifier for the certificate authority before a digital certificate is issued to a requestor. - One or more directories where the certificates or public keys are held - A certificate management system PKI is the hardware and software used for encryption, signing, verification as well as the software for managing Digital Certificates. There are a number of related PKI enabled technologies: - Virtual Private Networks - Secure emails - Secure Socket Layers (SSL) and Transport Layer Security (TLS) More About PKI The Four corner Stones of PKI:

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Human activities are driving climate change and biodiversity loss on a planetary scale. Resulting impacts on the Earth System are so great they define a new geological epoch: the anthropocene. With the human population expanding beyond 7 billion in the 21st century, global environmental sustainability is the defining challenge of our time. The transition to sustainable development, however, requires a far better understanding of complex socio-ecological systems at local and national scales of management action. To that end, a key research goal is to build functioning digital simulations, ‘avatars’, of model islands, cities, and eventually countries. Such advances will pave the way for a Predictive, Preventive, Personalized, Participatory, and ultimately a Planetary (P5) approach to policy making for sustainability. The outcome: communities and countries managing their ecosystem wellness and avoiding the social consequences of ecological collapse. The Island Digital Ecosystem Avatars (IDEA) Project is inspired by efforts to digitize an entire island ecosystem from 'genes to satellites' and was initiated by researchers at UC Berkeley, CNRS-EPHE, ETH Zürich, Oxford University, UC Santa Barbara and the MCR LTER. It will draw on the significant progress being made to model complex systems at other scales of biological organization - from single cells to multicellular organisms, including humans. The IDEA Project will harness and extend these efforts to build advanced computational models of a range of complex socio-ecological systems, particularly islands (coupled natural-human systems) and cities (built environment). Understanding how biological systems function is a massive challenge requiring detailed integrative study within the system, while taking into account external processes that influence the internal dynamics. To achieve global environmental sustainability, we must apply the computational lens to the units of biosocial organization that are subject to policymaking. Although modeling entire socio-ecological systems is still in its infancy, doing so will prove scientifically productive in the short-term and is societally essential in the long-term. Identifying clearly defined units of socio-ecological organization for study is essential to our task. They should be big enough to contain human societies, but small enough for meaningful collaboration across diverse scientific disciplines. They must be accessible, both logistically and including the active support (engagement) of the local community. Island systems are particularly attractive for sustainability science because they are clearly bounded (relatively closed) and ongoing studies at larger scales (e.g., global climate models) can help incorporate external influences simply and effectively. Like organisms, each socio-ecosystem is unique, and indeed, such variation is a core challenge across the life sciences. Molecular biology, however, has demonstrated the power of focusing on a small number of model systems (e.g., the nematode C. elegans) that can be studied in sufficient depth, but also compared with other systems (e.g., the fruit fly D. melanogaster) to draw general rules. The IDEA project will apply a similar approach to a range of model socio-ecosystems. For initial proof of concept, we are assembling an international group of researchers, coordinated through the new Moorea Ecostation Center for Advanced Studies, to build a virtual representation of Moorea - the Moorea Island Digital Ecosystem Avatar. The Moorea IDEA will incorporate observations, experiments, data, and theory across a coupled 3-D marine-terrestrial landscape to model how physical, chemical, biological, and social processes interact to shape the island’s phenotype. We take advantage of the Moorea Biocode Project that has already characterized every species (>1mm) on the island from its coral reefs to mountain forests, including genetic sequences and digital photographs. Why Moorea? A volcanic oceanic island about the size of San Francisco, 15 5m northwest of Tahiti, Moorea has significant scientific capacity through its two international research stations (CNRS-EPHE CRIOBE since 1971 and UC Berkeley Gump Station since 1985). In terms of its biodiversity, Moorea is probably the best-known tropical ecosystem in the world, hosting France’s Center of Excellence for Coral Reef Research (LABEX “CORAIL”) and the U.S. National Science Foundation’s only coral reef long-term ecological research (LTER) site. Moorea is a natural laboratory spanning marine and terrestrial environments (to 1,207m) that is constrained enough to be tractable, but sufficiently large (132 sq. Km) to contain all the elements of a complex socio-ecosystem, including a sizable human population (~ 17,000). Why Coral Reefs? A “massive jigsaw puzzle for scientists”, coral reefs are the rainforests of the sea and millions of people depend on them for food security and other ecosystem services, such as storm protection and sources of medicines. Indeed, it is said that: “no other habitat on Earth is of such importance to humans”. Tropical island reefs, however, are under threat and represent ‘canaries in the mine’ due to their sensitivity to global change. Understanding interactions between island social systems and environments, and of differential cultural responses to ecosystem change, informs policies for sustainability and resilience. Such research is truly interdisciplinary and contributes to conceptual integration across the natural and social sciences. Islands lend themselves to a systems approach, and network theory provides a conceptual framework for the Moorea IDEA. New high-throughput technologies (e.g., metagenomic sequencing and autonomous imaging systems) leverage the Biocode ‘parts list’ and enable visualization of the island’s natural-human “interactome”, a term we extend up to the ecosystem from its original use in the cell. The Moorea IDEA will support process-oriented research along with open data-sharing platforms to provide a wealth of science driven data. Combined with new analytical techniques and theory, this will develop a virtuous cycle whereby data driven discovery informs the design of mechanistic research, including experiments and further long-term observations. The key is not just big data, but linked, complete data, where a significant proportion of the system is ‘datafied’ for visualization and analysis. In this way, we will be able to assess how alternate policy scenarios might influence biodiversity and ecosystem services. The Insular Research Center and Environment Observatory is a field station for French as well as international researchers. Located in Moorea, French Polynesia, the CRIOBE is connected with the Practical School of High Studies (EPHE) and is part of the CNRS French marine stations national network. The CRIOBE's scientific activities are focused on applied and fundamental research, education and training (Thesis and master's degree student's internships) and information (press articles, awareness rising, science fair). Research is mostly focused on the Polynesian coralline ecosystem but may also concern ground insular topics related to the previous... The center is directed by Serge Planes, Research Director at the CNRS and studies Director at the EPHE. Several permanent employees are in charge of the maintenance of the buildings and equipements and are welcoming the researchers and technicians coming for specific projects. Data are collected with funding support of the Service d'Observation "CORAIL" and under the CRIOBE infrastructure and facilities. The University of California's Richard B. Gump South Pacific Research Station (Gump Station) was established in 1985 on land donated by Mr. Gump to UC Berkeley. With ~33 acres located on the waterfront at the entrance to Cook's Bay, the Gump Station provides exceptionally easy access to tropical marine systems (lagoon, outer-reef, and offshore), as well as inland to a diversity of terrestrial/freshwater habitats and archeological sites. It can host up to 50 researchers and students in onsite housing and provides field transport (boats, vehicles) as well as a range of laboratory facilities including flow-through seawater systems. The Gump Station has housed the NSF Moorea Coral Reef Long Term Ecological Research (MCR-LTER) site since 2004. The Tetiaroa Society Ecostation is located on Motu Onetahi, one of the 12 islets of Tetiaroa. Designed and built to LEED Platinum standards, the Tetiaroa Ecostation comprises of a housing facility, small dry lab and a marine lab. The Ecostation was gifted to Tetiaroa Society from Pacific Beachcomber to fulfill the shared vision of sustainable interdependence. The location of Tetiaroa allows immediate access to reef environments, archeological sites, brackish lakes and direct access to deep ocean water (pumped from 900m as part of The Brando hotel's air-conditioning system). Visitors have access to boats, kayaks, diving equipment (pre-booking required), seawater tables, aquarium and dry laboratory space, along with housing and meals. 08:00-08:30 Breakfast 08:30-10:00 Session 1: 4D Model 08:30-08:35 Welcome (Matthias Troyer) 08:35-09:00 4D model (Alex Kosenkov) 09:00-09:20 Remote sensing I (Armin Grün and Tao Guo) 09:20-09:40 The need for modeling (Sally Holbrook and Russ Schmitt) 09:40-10:00 Discussions 10:00-10:30 Coffee break 10:30-12:00 Session 2: Mapping I 10:30-10:50 Island and reef scale multibeam mapping (Jim Hench) 10:50-11:10 Satellite-based water depth mapping (Antoine Collin) 11:10-11:30 Lidar-based water depth mapping (Yves Pastol) 11:30-12:00 Discussions 12:00-13:30 Lunch break 13:30-15:00 Session 3: Physical Modeling I 13:30-13:50 Weather models (Marania Hopuare) 13:50-14:10 Hydrology models and measurements (Ana Barros) 14:10-14:30 Wave and circulation modelling (Jim Hench) 14:30-15:00 Discussions 15:00-15:30 Coffee break 15:30 - Session 4: Working groupsTuesday 08:00-08:30 Breakfast 08:30-10:00 Session 5: Physical and biological models 08:30-08:50 Circulation and coral polyp modelling (Takashi Nakamura) 08:50-09:10 Modeling phys-bio interactions on reefs (Johanna Rosman) 09:10-09:30 Spatial-temporal modeling of forests (Heike Lischke) 09:30-10:00 Discussions 10:00-10:30 Coffee break 10:30-12:00 Session 6: 10:30-10:50 An overview of the Moorea IDEA (Neil Davies) 10:50-11:10 Ocean circulation models (Nicolas Gruber and Matthias Muennich) 11:10-11:30 Fluid flow at many scales (Petros Koumoutakos) 11:30-12:00 Discussions 12:00-13:30 Lunch break 13:30-15:00 Project Planning (plenary) 15:00-15:30 Coffee break 15:30-18:00 Session 7: Working groups 19:00-22:00 Conference dinnerWednesday 08:00-08:30 Breakfast 08:30-10:00 Session 8: Mapping II 08:30-08:50 Underwater photogrammetry (Alessandro Capra) 08:50-09:10 Remote sensing I (Armin Grün and Tao Guo) 09:10-10:00 Discussions 10:00-10:30 Coffee break 10:30-11:10 Future Cities Lab (Reinhard Koenig) 11:10-12:00 Project Planning (plenary) 12:00-13:30 Lunch break 13:30-14:45 Drafting of summary document 14:45-15:15 Transfer to downtown campus 16:00-18:00 Lecture by Steven Chu The series of workshops are designed to launch the IDEA Consortium, establishing its scope and organisation. The goal is to develop a detailed roadmap by the end of 2014 for building the first 'avatar' (computational model/digital simulation) of a complete Social-Ecological System: the Moorea IDEA. The meetings have formalized into a series of IDEA Consortium Meetings that involve all collaborating investigators and more focused IDEA Workshops that address specific tasks.

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- Amiri Baraka’s Participatory and Ceremonial Theatre:From Mimesis to Methexis Several theatre critics and commentators have stressed that the Black Theatre Movement of the 1960s invested in new forms and techniques pertaining to scenery, costuming, sound effect, and lighting. The objective was to inject new patterns into theatrical practice. Amiri Baraka, one of the notable figures of the Black Aesthetic, castigated psychological drama for its concentration on existential questions. Baraka’s manifesto, “The Revolutionary Theatre,” served as a buttress for the bandwagon of the Black Arts Movement. Baraka declared that the “Revolutionary Theatre must take dreams and give them a reality.”1 Black theatre and art must depict and reflect as honest a portrayal of reality as possible. Similarly, Ed Bullins opted for a black-oriented realism, because black lifestyle, experience, and resistance required confrontation with the reality of oppression through showing anger and rage on stage. Bullins set a mirror before his African American spectators to display the vehemence and ruination that they were perpetrating against themselves within their own communities. In his treatise “Towards Our Theatre,” William Kgositsile repudiated European American theatre and criticized its dependence on theatrical illusion and complex onstage representation.2 Adhering to a theatre of poetics that combines image, symbol and rhythm, Kgositsile championed a theatre that was sensitive to didactic content and propagandistic import. Black theatre in the 1960s and 1970s also reappropriated the African American tradition of song, music, and dance and incorporated these elements as tools to reassert that tradition. John O’Neal, one of the leaders of the Black Theatre Movement, proclaimed that the new Black Theatre intended to develop “an active and critical rather than passive audience.”3 Clayton Riley, one of the major contributors to the [End Page 25] Black Aesthetic, proclaimed that the theatre should be “structured to take people away from basics, from fundamentals, into a special kind of chapel atmosphere for rituals.”4 Playwright Paul Carter Harrison introduced ritual in his quasireligious theatre. He described ritual as “the effective technique common to most theatrical exercises in the black world.”5 Harrison, intent on developing a ritualist theatre, eliminated actors and spectators from his drama. Instead, he included what he termed “activators and participators.”6 For him, participation called for the incorporation of the audience in the onstage enactment. Spectators, or participants in Harrison’s understanding, became full partakers in the performance. This new experimental technique transformed the audience member from a passive spectator to an active contributor to the action. The aim was to make the audience conscious of the centrality of community mobilization and joint action. Thus, participation as a physical act turned out to be a technical tool to provoke activism. “This movement is one from mimesis,” Kimberly Benston argues, “to methexis.”7 Methexis refers to the collective keeping and continuation of the action. It stands for a joint effort to uphold the action; it is veering away from the imitation of the action to a direct participation in it. In this article, we shall explore a number of concepts that can be seen operating in Baraka’s plays, ranging from participation, methexis, communitas, to audience interaction and ceremony. The objective is twofold: 1) to show that participation arouses audience members’ capacity to act and mobilize, reacting directly to the action, and 2) to spell out how ritualization results in the ceremonial with its destructive and festive facets. The works of Victor Turner in cultural anthropology and Margaret B. Wilkerson and Kimberly Benston in theatre criticism touch upon the notion of participation in many respects, offering anthropological, as well as theatrical tenets that will illuminate this study of participatory theatre. This article pivots on the following questions: What is the nature of the theatrical enactment on Baraka’s stage? And what is the rationale for audience participation? The answer to these questions bolsters the current analysis, and structures this study of Baraka’s theatre. The proclivity to invite the audience to contribute to performance is pervasive in Baraka’s nationalist and Marxist plays.8 It is significant to note that Baraka went through positional changes since his withdrawal from white bohemia. His transition from rebellious bohemianism to a materialist...

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Squash - Summer Summer squashes vary in size, shape and color and have several characteristics in common: tender flesh and skin, making them easy to use for cooking purposes; mild, nutty or buttery flavor; high moisture content; a lack of mature seeds; and are extremely perishable. The more common varieties of summer squash, zucchini and yellow crookneck, are available year round. Unlike winter squash, summer squash are more fragile and cannot be stored for long periods of time unless frozen. For Native Americans, squashes were considered as one of the "three sisters" along with corn (maize) and beans.

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The Federal Communications Commission, concerned about the high cost of broadband, wants to put cell phones that can access the Internet in the hands of America’s poor in hopes of reducing the digital divide. FCC Chairman Tom Wheeler is proposing to beef up the $1.7 billion Lifeline program, funded by charges on phone bills, and originally created to subsidize the cost of landline phones. The program now reaches 12 million families and has been expanded to limited-use cellphones. The proposal is far from being a done deal — still to come are comments on what a minimum service package should look like. For example, the amount of data usage and voice minutes to be permitted will need to be determined. Wheeler also asked for comments on how to increase competition among mobile phone providers to reduce prices. Wheeler hopes to reduce fraud and abuse in the oft-criticized subsidy program, and shrink the digital divide. Whether that can be accomplished through a wireless connection is an open question. The program does nothing about wireline connections, which are faster, more robust and cheaper than wireless phones. Regardless, a disproportionate number of low-income families do not have Internet connections of any sort, and low-cost wireless access may be their best option. No connection means no easy access to the wealth of online information that most Americans enjoy, such as health research, job openings, education and training, and banking and government services. Only 48 percent of households earning $25,000 or less have broadband at home compared with 95 percent of households with incomes of $150,000 or more, putting the poor at an even deeper economic disadvantage, according to the FCC. Those percentages haven’t changed much in recent years. A long-running debate among Washington, D.C., policy analysts has been how to reduce the divide. Some analysts and surveys say households choose not to purchase broadband service because they either don’t have the computer skills to navigate the Internet or they don’t think online content is relevant to their lives. Other analysts argue that the high price of broadband and a computer is the biggest reason low-income families don’t buy Internet service. It’s all in how you ask the question, as the Center for Public Integrity has reported more than once. Wheeler, in his proposal to reform the Lifeline program, is coming down on the price side of the argument. And he has data that supports his position. In an FCC study that tested different subsidies, services and marketing strategies for smartphones — and released just days before Wheeler’s announcement — the agency concluded that price, not digital literacy, was the determinant for previously unconnected users to buy a broadband plan with a subsidized smartphone. “Patterns within the data indicate that cost to consumers does have an effect on adoption and which plans they choose,” the study’s authors wrote. Requiring wireless carriers “to offer or provide digital literacy training does not appear to be an efficient or effective model for converting non-adopters to adopters.” John Horrigan, who studied Internet adoption when working on the Obama administration’s 2010 National Broadband Plan, said the FCC’s findings support his research that shows price is the primary obstacle to broadband adoption. He added in an email, however, that while the FCC found that offering training through carriers was not effective, “offering training through community institutions (neighborhood nonprofits, libraries) is effective and should be part of any overall broadband adoption strategy.” While the distinction may seem inconsequential, it has big implications on what policy the FCC should follow to reduce the digital divide. The FCC is scheduled to vote on Wheeler’s proposal June 18. This story was co-published with TIME. Read more in Business New report details ways to use existing programs to expand usage Spectrum auction may help small carriers, but not enough to take on goliaths AT&T, Verizon

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Source: American Chemical Society Wrapping wound dressings around fingers and toes can be tricky, but for burn victims, guarding them against infection is critical. Now scientists are reporting the development of novel, ultrathin coatings called nanosheets that can cling to the body's most difficult-to-protect contours and keep bacteria at bay. The researchers spoke about their materials, which they've tested on mice, at the 248th National Meeting & Exposition of the American Chemical Society (ACS), the world's largest scientific society. Yosuke Okamura, Ph.D., explains that existing wound dressings work well when it comes to treating burns on relatively flat and broad areas. But the human body has curves, wrinkles and ridges that present problems for these dressings. So Okamura's team developed a novel biomaterial out of tiny pieces of nanosheets that are super-flexible and sticky. "The nanosheets can adhere not only to flat surfaces, but also to uneven and irregular surfaces without adding any adhesives," he says. That would make a big difference in the way burn victims are treated. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, someone is injured by fire every 30 minutes. Burn wounds are vulnerable to infection, and keeping them sealed off from bacteria is essential for a successful recovery. Okamura's team at Tokai University makes the nanosheets out of a biodegradable polyester called poly(L-lactic acid), or PLLA. They put the material into a test tube with water and spin it, which breaks up the sheets into even smaller pieces. When they pour the liquid onto a flat surface, the tiny fragments overlap in a patchwork and dry as a single nanosheet. They tested out the nanosheets' ability to coat small and irregular shapes by dipping different things into the mixture, including a metal needle and a mouse's fingers. The nanosheet patchwork effectively covered even the smallest bumps and wrinkles on the mouse's digits, and after the material dried, it clung in place. When the researchers tested the nanosheets on burns, the dressing effectively kept out the common bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This species of pathogen is often a culprit in skin infections and is notorious for causing hospital-acquired infections that can be deadly. Multi-drug resistant strains are also a serious concern. The dressing protected wounds from infection for three continuous days. With an additional coating, the nanosheets kept bacteria out for a total of six days. That means the material, if eventually approved for human patients, could cut down the number of times dressings have to be changed. With an eye toward human clinical trials, the researchers are currently planning large-scale animal tests and safety tests. In addition to PLLA nanosheets, Okamura's group has recently started developing a novel set of similar, super-flexible, patchwork coatings composed of polymers with a phosphorylcholine group. They have shown that these materials are compatible with blood and could act as coatings for medical devices, such as catheters. Discuss in the Scars1 forums Photo: Ada Be

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Computer animation of principles of operation of a seismograph that measures vertical ground oscillations. Animation explaining how arrival times of P and S waves that travel through Earth’s mantle and surface waves that travel around Earth’s perimeter were used to develop standard travel-time curves. A simple animation of P, S, and surface waves traveling to 4 seismic stations from an earthquake. A “seismic cow” is included just for fun. This narrated animation shows ray paths and directions of particle motions for P, S, and surface waves traveling from a distant earthquake to a seismic station. A seismogram records the arrival times of these three types of seismic waves. A birds-eye view of a strike slip fault with trees shaking during slip along the fault. Watch the apples drop! Small size animation of horizontal block motions across a strike-slip fault. Animation of horizontal block motions across a strike-slip fault. Computer animation of a shear (secondary) wave traveling across a slinky. Animation by Professor Larry Braile of wave motions as a secondary (shear) wave passes through a solid. Small-size animation of block motion across a reverse (compressional) fault.

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The future world of Gattaca, based on the science of genetic discrimination, offers a hostile world for those who believe in a natural birth, or natural selection. Such individuals are rendered “invalid” owing to the inferior nature of their random birth. In this futuristic science fiction thriller, Andrew Niccol creates a science dictatorship, whereby human aspiration is repressed in favour of genetic perfection. It is a Brave New World indeed and proves as Aldous Huxley once stated, “without freedom, human beings cannot become fully human”. In Vincent’s struggle, Niccol celebrates the power of self-belief to inspire individuals to scale the heights. The world of Gattaca - Eugenics is the science of producing genetically superior beings through controlled breeding: the purpose of eugenics is to improve society by eliminating defective genes. - Genetic determinism is the belief that biology is destiny; you cannot overcome the fate of your genes. - A dystopia is a society where social happiness and freedom have been destroyed. - There is genetic discrimination between the “valids” (genetically designed individuals) and the “invalids” (the natural-born). - The main character, Vincent, is not allowed to go to space because of his physical defects, while “designed” people have all the opportunities. - Although discrimination on genetic grounds is illegal in Gattica, people still discriminate and judge people according to their genes. - Vincent is a “degenerate”: such individuals are ignored and excluded from most aspects of society. Also his life is limited and he is doomed to “second best” position. - The director, Niccol, shows that the intangible aspects such as spirituality, love, respect – which are important in our life and in our relationships with others – cannot be determined by genes. In the sterile environment of Gattaca, life is genetically controlled right from the outset so that everyone gets the “best possible start”. The sterile setting metaphorically captures an oppressive and authoritarian atmosphere that prizes genetic perfection above all else. It is a world that represses human aspiration and interaction. This becomes evident through the robotic-type characters that inhabit Gattaca. Individual characteristics such as personality, beliefs, values and a person’s moral code are irrelevant. Identity is seen in this world as being entirely defined by your status as a valid or in-valid. Beyond this, nothing else is important. The opening scenes in Gattaca set an aura of controlled bodily perfection. Vincent is seen shaving and washing. A hair is pricked from the keyboard and the director comments on his extreme cleanliness, which Vincent believes is “next to godliness”. There are extreme close-ups of body matter: blood, skin, hair (including eyelashes), urine and fingernails. These are used in the film to collect genetic readouts on characters. At one point, Irene steals a piece of hair from Vincent’s comb in order to get a readout of him. This is a common feature in the scientifically-controlled world of Gattaca. In close-up frames, the camera magnifies the minuscule. The use of such shots shows how Gattaca’s society magnifies the importance of genetic material, the smallest physical element of a human being. And yet, ironically the “perfect” specimens are those who are hampered by a lack of desire; this idea of perfection is actually corrupted from the outset. When Vincent/Jerome enters the aeronautical facility, he does a finger print test and the green light flashes. This is followed by a pin-prick blood test, revealing how gene-testing becomes their security system. Soon after, the doctor provides him with a plastic vial for a urine sample, which is important in revealing a person’s genetic profile. The yellow filters used throughout provide a futuristic look of eeriness which underwrites the feeling of sterility and perfection. As a naturally born baby, Vincent is “abnormal” in this new world order of ‘genoism’. A simple prick of blood gives his life story. He has a heart disorder and a life expectancy of around 30.2 years. From this moment, we learn that Vincent is already at a disadvantage. In contrast to Vincent, Anton is the “perfect” experiment. He is born a “vitro” birth, Anton is given the start in life that Vincent lacks. He appears superior based on his scientific birth (discrimination factor). In answer to one of Vincent’s questions, Anton responds that he could be an astronaut if he wanted to be, which spells his contempt for Vincent as well as the impossibility of Vincent’s dream. Anton is described as a “son my father considered worthy of his name”. An anachronistic birth The historical world where children were born of love is presented as anachronistic and degenerate. This becomes particularly apparent during Vincent’s flashback relating to the circumstances of his birth. The director uses Vincent’s adult voice to narrate the circumstances of his birth in nostalgic terms. He comments, “they used to say that a child conceived in love has a far greater chance of happiness. They don’t say that anymore.” Vincent highlights the association of love and happiness that used to ensure security and emotional satisfaction. His comments “they don’t say that any more” and later “ten fingers ten toes that used to be all that matters … not any more”. The implication is that the world has changed dramatically. The director switches from the car — the romantic setting of his biological inception — to the interior of the hospital, the setting of his biological birth, to show how outdated these concepts are. The camera zooms in on the string of rosary beads and a crucifix to highlight the religious views of his mother, Marie. Her Christian name reflects her piety and her joy is evident in zoomed in camera shots. Throughout these interior scenes, the retro ambience reinforces the archaic nature of Vincent’s birth. The director deliberately juxtaposes the new technological world of Gattaca with this ancient world of biological “ancient” births. That religion is superseded by technology immediately becomes apparent upon the genetic testing of the baby, which is a critical moment in the life of all citizens in Gattaca. Vincent’s genetic tests reveal that he has a life expectancy rate of 30.2 years with a 99% probability of a fatal heart condition. The quick succession of images reinforce the parents’ anxiety as they await the blood test because this is so critical in the new world. Because of his flawed genetic makeup, the father refuses to name him “Anton”, which already shows his antagonism towards the new baby. Vincent is conditioned to see himself as flawed: “from an early age I came to think of myself as others thought of me – chronically ill.” Vincent’s first day at kindergarten also reinforces his defects. As he cannot gain insurance, attendance was initially forbidden. His exclusion sets a pattern of discrimination that ends with his exclusion from the space ship. His mother’s prediction, “you’ll do something”, shows her faith in the human spirit that is vindicated by Vincent’s determination to reach space. The forbidden dream From an early age, Vincent harbours a dream to go to Titan. This is a forbidden dream owing to his genetic makeup. However, it is one that allows him the chance to escape from all that he detests about his present world condition, especially the prejudice and controlled environment that subtly disallows people like him to raise above their genetic conditioning. He belongs to an “underclass” in a system that has “discrimination down to a science”. Through symbols of exclusion and conformity the director portrays a sterile society, lacking in human qualities and courage. With his current genetic makeup, Vincent can only aspire to be a cleaner in the space program. We see him constant cleaning the glass, which is a futile gesture. A change of heart After his swimming escapade and as he leaves home to forge a new personality, Vincent rips his photo out of the album, literally tearing away his visual identity. Taking on the “valid” personality of Jerome, enables Vincent to “mould” a new identity and with this comes more opportunities to succeed in the world of Gattaca. But ironically, it is Vincent’s personality, his strengths and weaknesses, that enable him to “perfect” the new identity. The turning point: the swimming contest Niccol contrasts the two swimming scenes to foreground the different attitudes between Anton and Vincent towards life’s difficulties. These contests reveal much about their personality differences — as a child and as an adult. Prior to the second contest, Anton condescendingly asserts, “You didn’t beat me that day. I beat myself.” Anton’s true character is revealed in the second contest when he stops several times, overtaken by fear, calling on Vincent to return to the shore. He arrogantly refuses to acknowledge and accept that he does have limitations, and Vincent has to rescue him a second time. The swim, which epitomises the rivalry between the two types of genetic makeup, shows Vincent that he can possibly achieve just as much, if not more, than his brother, Anton. At times, the camera is under the water which allows for a special close up on Vincent’s face to show his determination; there are also full body shots to show them swimming in syncopation to capture a sense of equality. Whilst the director zooms in on the flagging Anton, who, despite the fact that he has been programmed for perfection, struggles for breath, he also shows that despite Vincent’s critical condition and the fact that he is doomed to die at the young age of 30.2 years, his strength and determination enable him to overcome a fear of failure. He saves Anton and brings him back to shore. This is the one moment when Vincent realises that he is “not as weak”, nor Anton “as strong” as they both appear or should be. Critically his success gives him the confidence to recognise that bodily perfection does not automatically guarantee success; nor does his imperfection necessarily deny him the opportunity to pursue his vision. This moment, “made everything else possible”. Water is in important image throughout the film and shows how Vincent discards his old identity to recreate himself. Natural strength of character Armed with courage, Vincent decides he can overcome his poor genetic makeup with sufficient willpower and with the cover of a “valid” persona, Jerome. Through a gene-broker he slowly adapts to the photo of the “real” Jerome. However, when the gene-broker draws his attention to their height difference Vincent is ready to give up. When we witness a close-up scene of Vincent lying flat out on the floor of the apartment with surgical braces on his legs we can begin to understand his acute pain. Vincent comments in a voice-over that he takes his mind off the pain “by reminding myself that when I eventually did stand up, I’d be exactly two inches closer to the stars”. The constant need to shave and wash show the dangers of his situation. He is forced to remove all trace of his identity. Shaving and washing become the keys to his shedding his imperfect genetic identity. The whole scheme is always going to be difficult to maintain and sustain and Jerome spends his time providing endless urine and blood samples. It is also physically difficult for him to sustain the stringent physical conditioning necessary to aspire for his goal. He finds it difficult to keep up with the “valids”. Vincent’s identity is all but exposed during the director’s murder. Just one eyelash threatens to reveal Vincent’s entire personality. Vincent struggles against the odds. Not only does he suffer surgical braces, near collapses on the treadmill, near-capture as a murder suspect but also near-death experiences owing to poor eye-sight. He has to cross the highway, almost blind, to join Irene. This proves that contrary to the dominant ideology, a person’s character and potential cannot be engineered or predicted. Despite his genetic defects and his myopic disease, Vincent’s spirit helps him to make it to the other side. His desire to reach Irene allows him to overcome his defective vision. Sight and blindness become important metaphors in a society that fails to see the quality of an individual. There are references to blindness on the part of the authorities and mainstream society, such as the incident when the police and Jerome’s workmates fail to see Vincent in him, instead focusing on genetic details. Despite the attempt by the controllers to condition and determine the individual, it is precisely the human characteristics of desire, ambition and motivation that enable Vincent to succeed, where others such as Jerome and Anton do not. Vincent appears to achieve more than his brother, Anton. Certainly, Anton lacks any kindred feelings of humanity. This is obvious when the two brothers finally confront each other; Anton wants to arrest him for fraud. Kindred brotherly feelings are meaningless. Anton is an underachiever The Director emphasises Anton’s failure to achieve his potential. He points out to Anton that “occasionally, we’ve been forced to accept candidates with minor shortcomings.” But he suggests Anton could work in a field such as law enforcement. Throughout it is obvious that he lacks strength of character and is embittered and egotistical. It is almost as if he expects to get anything he requires by virtue of his superior birth. Ironically, because of this, he always falls short. Jerome lacks the desire Similarly, Jerome, also a “perfect specimen, suffers under the “burden of perfection”. He lacks Vincent’s desire to strive and succeed against the odds. We learn that he had everything he needed to succeed, “except the desire to do so”. The director is showing us that no matter how much a system tries to manufacture individuals it cannot completely control their psyche, inspiration and motivation—key ingredients to an individual’s chance to succeed. It also shows that the attempt to overcome the challenges of genetic limitations is an essential human experience. Being human means that you will have flaws. If we attempt to eradicate imperfection we are taking out of the human experience a defining element. A final comment on discrimination The world of Gattaca, based as it is on discrimination, is, the director would suggest, just as dangerous as discrimination in traditional areas such as race, gender and religion. People are defined according to their relationship to the dominant power. Labels are attached, imposed upon individuals without their consent and assumptions are made about their differences. In this case, scientific proof becomes the absolute basis for discrimination. While the society holds it is a truth, that DNA is a primary factor that determines success, for example, Vincent proves that the philosophy underpinning the discrimination is flawed. Success is determined by other variables that are not within the control of science. (Gattaca, English Works Notes, 2016) For Excellence in VCE, please see our recent publication: Arguments and Persuasive Language.

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Welcome to ETC Educational Technology Connection (HK) Ltd! Handbook / Teacher's Guide Role Play is an important part of every child's entitlement. This lively book will guide you in planning, stimulating and organising role play inside and out. Part 1 discussed why role play is important. Part 2 presents activities suitable for a range of role play situations. There are ideas for materials, equipment and locations, including advice on making the most of limited resources. Unlock your imagination and help your children to bring out what's inside! “Learning why role play is important will encourage all practitioners to use and hopefully expand this area. Often, role play can be seen as an indoor activity but I like the opportunities the book gives for outdoor activities.” – Sarah Brew, Parents in Touch “a wonderful book for many reasons” – Early Years Educator

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Did you know… Globally, more than 1 billion people live in extreme poverty, living on less than $1.25 a day. In Canada, 4.9 million live in poverty. Nearly one in five children in Canada lives in poverty. Canada ranks 24th for child poverty in a list of the 35 most industrialized countries. Experience the biblically inspired freedom and joy of sharing through your gift to alleviate poverty and hunger. Poverty and hunger afflict communities in Canada, in the industrialized Western nations, and in the global South. The United Church believes that “the way our society treats the poor and oppressed is, for us, a test of God’s redeeming presence and of human justice, and that therefore, the poor must have priority…” (“The Church and the Economic Crisis,” 1984). Together, we can not only feed the hungry and care for the poor, but also change systems that perpetuate resource inequities. Learn More and Take Action - Get involved in the United Church’s Seeding Life campaign. - Read Honouring the Truth, Reconciling for the Future: Summary Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, which draws links between contemporary Indigenous impoverishment, systemic inequities, and historic injustices. - Read Bread not Stones: Taking Action to End Child Poverty and join others in taking simple, loving, and bold steps to end child poverty. - Follow the United Action for Justice Facebook page and find out how the United Church is involved in poverty, hunger, and other social justice concerns.

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Dried beans and black-eyed peas are excellent sources of protein. You can consume them as a healthy substitute for meat, according to MayoClinic.com. Dry beans and peas are low in fat, contain no cholesterol and packed with nutrients such as folate, iron, magnesium and potassium. Legumes contain soluble and insoluble fiber. Proper soaking and cooking techniques dissolve the starches that cause intestinal discomfort, allowing you to enjoy all the nutrition and flavor black-eyed peas and beans have to offer. Soak dry beans before cooking unless you plan to cook the meal slowly enough for the beans to hydrate naturally. You may cook with dry black-eyed peas and beans by dropping them directly into slow cooked soup or stew when assembling the other raw ingredients. This technique works well in a crock pot or Dutch oven where the meal cooks for eight or more hours. You will otherwise need to soak the beans and black-eyed peas before cooking. Pour dry black-eyed peas and beans into a large bowl. Remove any stones or debris. Measure the appropriate amount of beans into a large stock pan. A pound of dry beans will result in about 6 cups of cooked beans. Soak dry beans in water before cooking. Add 10 cups of water for every pound of dry beans in a large stock pot and soak for eight to 10 hours. You may use the quick-soak method, which involves adding 1 lb. of dry beans to 10 cups of boiling water, returning the water to a boil for two to three more minutes and then soaking for one hour at room temperature. To decrease gas caused by consuming beans, use the quick-soak method of boiling the beans and soak overnight. Drain beans and rinse. Discard the soaking water. Cooking in the soaking water results in uncomfortable gas and makes your food taste unpleasant. Wash and dry the stockpot and return the beans to it. Cover the beans with three times their volume of water. For example, cover 5 cups of beans with 15 cups of water. Add spices and herbs as desired. Parsley, rosemary, thyme, sage and savory enhance most beans. Garlic and onion compliment the flavor of black-eyed peas and dry beans. Add baking soda if you have hard water. You may skip this step if you have soft water. Bring to a boil and then reduce the heat to a simmer. Prolonged boiling may cause the beans to fall apart and their skins to separate. Cook in a saucepan until tender. Small legumes cook more quickly so start checking beans and black-eyed peas after about 45 minutes of cooking. Add acidic ingredients, like salt, tomato and vinegar near the end of cooking time. These ingredients slow the cooking process. Beans and black-eyed peas are done cooking when you can easily mash them between two fingers or with a fork. Drain beans. Add to soups, casseroles, baked dishes and Mexican food. Cook black-eyed peas with ham or chicken. Things You'll Need

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WIRE REPLACES WAX IN NEW DICTATING MACHINE (Feb, 1932) WIRE REPLACES WAX IN NEW DICTATING MACHINE Unusually clear reproduction is claimed for a new type of dictating machine invented in Germany. In this device the fluctuations of a speaker’s voice, conveyed electrically to electromagnets, leave a moving steel wire traveling through them more or less strongly magnetized according to the intensity of the voice at each instant. To play back the record, the wire is passed through a similar machine where the reverse process takes place and the voice is heard in a pair of headphones. The wire may then be run through a demagnetizer and used again. Wax records are dispensed with, since the wire takes their place. The wire is made of an alloy the nature of which the inventor is keeping secret, but upon which, he says, the success of his device depends. The machine is shown above.

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This guide looks at ways of supporting children affected by HIV and AIDS. It covers children whose parents are ill or have died as well as children living with HIV and AIDS. It has the following sections: - Important principles - Community child care committees - Children whose parents are ill - Children who are orphaned - Children who are living with HIV and AIDS The social stigma around HIV and AIDS, which prevents people from being open, increases the isolation of people in families affected by HIV and AIDS. Not only do they have to deal with their own grief and emotional suffering but also this is made worse if the community treats them badly. The greatest impact of HIV is on young people. Many children whose parents are ill now are likely to become ill themselves in later years. In their childhood they get little emotional and material support and they often have to start playing roles that are usually expected from adults. In many families they play the adult role of maintaining the house and sometimes even trying to provide an income. Most of them play some nursing role and directly look after the parents who are ill. Older children also play the parent role to their younger siblings. When parents die, very small children are often taken in by relatives. The survival of older children is often neglected and they are more vulnerable. In many cases, older children drop out of school to look after younger siblings. When they are not provided for by relatives, some end up living on the streets or barely surviving in very impoverished homes. These young people often end up being abused, or drift into gangs, the sex industry and crime. There are three categories of children who need special care: - Children whose parents are ill - Children whose parents have died - Children with HIV and AIDS Most of the affected children (and the people who care for them) do not get the grants they have a right to get. (click here for foster, care dependency and child support grants). The main reasons for this are ignorance of their rights, lack of access and lack of the right documents. Target all children in need There are many different models of community childcare projects. The main principle should be that all children in need should be identified and supported in some way. A project that deals with children affected by HIV and AIDS should be integrated in other efforts to help children in need. This will also help to deal with the stigma and secrecy surrounding HIV and AIDS. If all children who have ill parents are supported, it will be easier for children to ask for help than if a project only helps children whose parents are ill with AIDS. Keep children in their communities Children should be supported in ways that help them to stay part of their community and family. The old-fashioned idea that children who are orphaned should be put in institutions like orphanages is no longer popular. When facing issues such as the illness and possible death of their parents children already deal with an enormous amount of stress. Moving them to an unfamiliar environment, away from their school and their friends and the neighbourhood they know, may only compound this problem for them. During their parent’s illness some children build up informal systems of support in their communities. These could include a supportive relationship with a neighbour, a teacher, a minister of religion, a nurse, church volunteer or the family of a school friend. Where such a support system exists for a child, it is especially important to not take the child away from the community. (An exception might be if there are relatives living in another area who are willing to take the child). It is also not good to separate children from their siblings when they have lost their parents. It is much better to keep them as close to their natural support groups as possible. If there are other members of the family who can take in children this is often better than fostering them out to different families or letting different families adopt different children. Orphanages are expensive and are not very healthy places for children to grow up. It is much better to keep the children in the communities they come from and to make sure that they get adult supervision and support in a familiar environment. Adoption is also not easy to organise, especially for older children. It is even difficult to find adoptive parents for babies if there is a chance that they may be HIV positive. Coordinate services and use volunteers Support must be well coordinated and reach down to the ground. This means that all services and organisations should work together to identify children in need and to make sure they get the right help. Welfare and health workers should work with churches and schools to identify children whose parents are ill or have died. At a local community level, volunteers should be used to visit families, help child headed families and monitor foster care and other projects. Community childcare committees or forums are an option that has been used very successfully in different countries. A group of adults work together to take responsibility for organising support for vulnerable children in an area. Childcare forums can be set up by social workers, the community can elect volunteers or they can be appointed by various organisations. It is important that they have community support and some official status so that they can be effective. The volunteers usually come from different organisations and religious groups. They can be volunteers and/or be selected by a community meeting. They find children in need and try to ensure that they are either linked to welfare services or that members of their family look after their needs. The community childcare forums can also take responsibility for helping all children in need to get access to social workers and to child support or foster grants. They should also take responsibility that all births and deaths are registered so that children can get IDs and therefore access to social grants when they need them. Community childcare forums can also help to screen foster parents and to monitor them to make sure that they treat children properly. Children in need are very vulnerable to exploitation and abuse. Some people take in foster children just to get the foster grants. Community childcare forums should be linked to social workers from the government Welfare Department (Social Development) or the Child Welfare Society. They should get some training and report regularly to professional supervisors to ensure that they are doing their work properly. It is important for the community childcare forum to work closely with public and private organisations in the area. These include offices of government departments, businesses, churches, NGOs, health services and schools. There are many ways in which the forum can work with such organisations. In a school, for example, the committee could work with the principal to set up a system of peer support. Involving children in community events related to HIV and AIDS is an excellent way for children to learn and to feel less isolated. Community childcare forums should look at ways to facilitate involvement in events by children as appropriate. Soon after its formation the members of the community childcare committee must develop a clear mission and clear, achievable goals. The Department of Social Development suggests the following as a model mission for community childcare committees: “Mobilization of communities for early identification of children and families in need as to provide comprehensive care, (i.e. physical, emotional, social and economic and spiritual), which is sensitive to culture, religion and value systems in order to maximize the quality of life of orphaned and vulnerable children.” This means that the committees should: - Intervene as early as possible to work out what the needs of the vulnerable children and families are and plan to meet those needs, - Try to meet a wide range of different types of needs. In addition to the practical needs of helping the children with getting grants, IDs, certificates, medical care, food aid, etc. Committees should also aim to provide emotional support, friendship and company. Committees should look at strategies to support the older children staying in school, connect the children with the family’s religious community (if applicable), try to connect them with other groups or services that might help them, arrange psychological counselling for the children, etc. - Try to mobilize as many people from the community as possible to become actively involved in helping these children and families, - Be very aware of the differing religions, customs and beliefs that the vulnerable children or families may have and make sure these things are fully considered when providing care. - Keep in mind that everything the committee does should be towards the goals of protecting the children and ensuring the best quality of life possible for them. In 2003, the Department of Social Development published a set of guidelines on how to establish childcare forums: Guidelines for Early Childhood Development Services. You can contact the Department on 012 312 7500 or through their website at www.socdev.gov.za to obtain a copy of the guidelines. Another helpful publication by the Department of Social Development is the National Guidelines for Social Services Infected and Affected by HIV and AIDS. These guidelines contain information on how to develop community-based care services, types of financial assistance for children and much more. MALUTI – A- PHOFUNG: A case study in Community Childcare Forums One of the most devastating side effects of the Aids epidemic is the burden that falls on children and child-headed families. Poor communities have few resources to provide institutional support to orphans or children whose parents are ill. In Maluti-a-Phofung, a rural municipality in the impoverished former Qwa-Qwa homeland, an innovative new approach is being tested by the local AIDS council, the Education and Training Unit and Save the Children. Community child care forums (CCCFs) have been set up in most of the 34 wards in the area. These are called together by ward councillors and are made up of 10 to 30 volunteers in each ward. The CCCFs visit all households to identify children and families in need and to offer support to them. Families are assisted with acquiring the right documentation, registering for social grants, and are put in touch with home-based care and nutritional support programs where they exist. The CCCFs fall under the municipalities local AIDS council and provide a link between social workers, clinics and other government and welfare services and families in need. Where child-headed families are identified CCCF members try to take responsibility to provide more regular support to ensure that the children are attending school and being fed. Ward councillors are playing a very active role in CCCFs in most wards and this has helped to provide impetus to the process, mobilize community volunteers and access government resources. Each CCCF has about twenty members some of whom are members of other organisations. Depending on capacity and need, CCCFs are divided into four focus groups: Health, Education, Safety & Security. Each focus group has a specific range or tasks for its area of concern. The health focus group, for example, ensures that the children: 1) have access to primary health care, 2) are living in a clean environment, 3) get proper intervention when there is drug or alcohol abuse, and 4) are involved in the planting of vegetable gardens. Members of different CCCF task teams are allocated streets and areas and go door to door using questionnaires and having discussions with parents and caregivers to identify needs. Community members are informed about HIV and AIDS which promotes understanding and lessens stigma and prejudice around the disease. The CCCFs work closely with other organisations in the area including churches, childcare centres, school and crèches. Many members of churches and other groups have become involved in providing services through associations such as these. In one example of cooperation a church kept lists of ill people and vulnerable children in the area which helped the CCCF identify where help was needed. A number of other municipalities in the Free State have adopted a similar approach and ETU is helping them to develop strategies and to train volunteers. The approach is supported by the provincial department of Social Development. Recently CCCF members from Maluti-a-Phofung also visited Limpopo with ETU trainers to set up a similar project. Community members are also encouraged to go for testing. Children who have lost one or both parents need a lot of support. They have to deal with grief as well as survival. Most orphaned children are supported by relatives. They are usually older women and are often unemployed or on pension. The family will become poorer and will need food and financial support. A large number of orphans stay on alone in the family home when their parents die. Older children look after young ones and try to find ways to survive. Thousands of children are living in desperate poverty in these child-headed homes. Many of them drop out of school and some turn to sex work or crime to survive. Some children are taken in as foster children whilst others go to orphanages or other institutions. In this section, we look at the different options and the role child care committees can play. Child-headed homes and care by relatives We must find ways to support children who are looked after by relatives or by older siblings in child-headed homes. Community child-care committees are best to reach and support these children. Here are some of the things that community child care volunteers should do: - Make sure that they get the government grants they are entitled to receive and help them get access - Make sure they get food parcels and benefit from poverty relief programmes - Try to keep children in school as long as possible and work with schools to organise support for children who cannot afford books, fees or clothing. - A volunteer should visit the family at least once a week to check that children are coping, going to school and eating. - Check that children are healthy and help them get healthcare, vaccinations and medicine when needed. - Support children who are HIV positive and get them into medical and other support programmes. - Work with churches and welfare organisations to collect clothes, bedding and building materials - Help children get documents like death certificates and IDs - Counsel children to help them deal with their feelings of loss and grief. - Be an adult they can trust and come to with their problems Foster care is provided by a family that takes in orphaned and other vulnerable children and looks after them. They do not adopt them and the state remains responsible for the welfare of the children. The Children’s Court has to officially appoint foster parents – this is usually organised by social workers. The social worker writes a report to the Commissioner of Child Welfare and makes a recommendation for foster care for the child. You then receive a court order in terms of the Child Care Act which is the law which protects all children. Foster care parents can receive a grant for doing the work and should use it to provide material and emotional support for the children and to ensure that they attend school. (See government grants). If foster parents do not fulfil these obligations, the children will be moved to another family. Foster care is better than orphanages because it provides a family life for children. It is still not always an ideal situation and many children in foster care can be neglected or even abused and exploited. It is important for foster parents to be trained and monitored by social workers. Childcare committees should also visit foster families and talk to the children to check that they are receiving proper care. It is important if children are to feel safe and loved, that they are not moved from house to house. Therefore, people should be very sure before taking a child into foster care. In some communities group housing (also called “residential care”) has been provided for children. This means that a number of different children who are orphaned will live in a house or homestead with one adult to look after them. These adults are often older women who no longer have their own children to look after. This option has been tried on farms and in rural villages where orphans have become a big problem and the traditional leader or farmer has taken responsibility for setting aside a house for this purpose. Just as in foster care, a social worker must write a report after investigating a child's circumstances and make sure that a foster placement is not available first. The social worker must first check which children's home has place for the child. When you adopt a child it is a formal legal process and the child becomes yours. You have full responsibility for the child and the law treats the child as it would treat your own biological child. There are no special grants for adopted children and they family will only qualify to get the child support grant if they are poor. There is no money involved in an adoption matter. The parent of the child does not have to be paid any money nor does the social worker or the adoptive parent or any court official or any government official. There are very few orphanages available for the thousands of orphans who need care. Orphanages are a very expensive way of looking after children since the building, staff and services are costly. Orphanages are also not very good for children since they are impersonal and often there is too little contact with adults. Many children are abused by older children in orphanages. Families are the best place for children to grow up. When that is impossible it is better to get one adult to look after a small group of children than to put children in an institution. In many families, children become the main caregivers for people who are ill with AIDS. Older children also often play the parenting role for younger ones. Home-based care and childcare volunteers should target these children for training and support. Here are some of the things that should be done: - Educate children about HIV and AIDS and teach them basic methods for washing and looking after patients. - Make sure they are in school and are able to survive – get food parcels and clothes to them. - Help them to get access to grants and to things like parent’s bank accounts. - Talk to them about their fears and answer their questions. - Make sure they are registered with Home Affairs and apply for ID books. - Invite older children to family support group meetings - Make sure the ill parents make memory boxes and have all their documents, including wills, messages and other information, are in order. Family history and a contingency plan for the children should also be documented. A memory box or book could assist parents to talk to their children about their illness - Talk about the future and help make arrangements to look after the children after their parent’s death – most children are terrified by the uncertainty of what will happen to them when their parents die. Some orphanages use a house parent system and instead of one large orphanage, they have a number of smaller houses in one place. Each house will have 5 -10 children with one adult to act as their “parent”. Remember that most children are cared for by grannies and other older women relatives. They also need emotional support, education and training, access to grants and nutrition. Support groups can also be set up for caregivers. Children living with HIV and AIDS will have special needs that are different from those of adults. They are not able to get access to services and help themselves in the same way. Usually they depend on their mother or another caregiver. If they are very young, they will not understand the disease and the steps they have to take to stay healthy and to protect other people. Most children with HIV and AIDS were infected as a result of mother – child transmission and their parents often become ill or die when the children are still very young. While all young orphans from poor families need a lot of different kinds of support, home-based care and childcare volunteers should make especially sure that the medical needs of children with HIV and AIDS are properly addressed. It is best for children to be looked after by those they know and make them feel safe. If possible, children with HIV and AIDS should be left in the care of their families and relatives. These relatives should be targeted for support. In some areas, there are hospices or homes for children who are ill or dying. Social workers should work with clinics, home–based care and childcare volunteers to identify children who would be better off in hospices. Children with HIV and AIDS are just as subject to discrimination as adults but are much less able to fend for themselves. It is important that every effort be made, by caregivers, teachers, health care providers, child care committees and community leaders, to educate community members. People must fully understand, for example, that an HIV-positive child cannot spread HIV through sitting next to each other in class or playing together. Most ill children are too small to care for themselves in any way. The caregiver has to be the main target for support and training to make sure the child receives proper care. Child care committees, local clinics or any person/organisation having contact with caregivers should try and support the caregiver in anyway they can. This could include helping them find a support group, ensuring that they have applied for the right grants or sending them to special training. Special care considerations for children living with HIV and AIDS Antiretrovirals for Children The National ART Guidelines (or “protocol”) issued by the Department of Health in 2004 Children with HIV-AIDS has a set of guidelines for children. All HIV-positive children should be assessed at a clinic or hospital to see if they should begin antiretroviral treatment . A syrup form of ART is available for children which is easier for them to take than tablets but ensuring compliance can be a major challenge. Children taking antiretrovirals need a lot of support and supervision to make sure they are taking the medicines properly and as often as required. Children who suffer side effects after first going on antiretrovirals may not wish to continue on the medication. This is where they need an adult to encourage them to continue and/or make sure they return to the clinic on a regular basis (and if the side effects continue). As children grow, the dosage of the medications must be changed and this may need to happen several times per year. This underlines the importance of ensuring that the child gets to the clinic regularly. Wash your hands before and after changing a nappy. Wear disposable gloves if there is blood in the faeces or urine, and if you have a rash or open cut on your hands. Place disposable nappies in a leak-proof container, such as a plastic bag, and put it in a sealed rubbish bin. Family-style eating is fine with everyone being served from a common serving dish. A child who is HIV-positive should use the same dishes, glasses, and eating utensils. You do not have to wash dishes and utensils separately. Wash all dishes in hot, soapy water. Clean and sterilize baby bottles as usual. Children who are HIV-positive should only use their own tooth brush and never share it. Clothes that belong to a child who is HIV-positive can be washed with everyone else's clothes using ordinary washing powder or soap. If, however, the clothing has been soiled by blood, faeces, or vomit, wash items separately using 1/2 cup bleach. Keep a first aid kid handy. It should include: a box of disposable latex gloves or plastic bags, antiseptic or disinfectant, a bottle of bleach (to be diluted just prior to use at a rate of 1 tablespoon bleach for every litre of water), disposable paper towels, sterile gauze for covering large wounds, medical tape and adhesive bandages, and a leak-proof plastic bag for waste disposal. Important facts about HIV and AIDS | Overview of action communities can take | How to run prevention and education programmes and campaigns | How to deliver care for people with HIV and AIDS and their families | Care for children affected by HIV and AIDS | How to set up coordinating structures | How to set up a cross-referral system | Resources | HIV and AIDS and Municipalities This material may not be used for profit without permission from ETU

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The Cloudy Crystal Memory is a cloudy crystal that preserves weak ripples of distant events. Like prehistoric bugs captive in amber, memories are blurry ghosts from the past. The only thing that links us to our dreams is memory. Our recollection of the past is presented to us by memory as well; the difference with dreams is that in the case of past events there is a traceable relationship between those memories and the now. This creates a resonance between them and the now which reinforces and makes them stronger than our recollection of dreams. When we throw a pebble in a pond, the waves gently dissolve as they go further away from the point of impact. In the same way, as memories grow old their resonance weakens and they become more like dreams. When we dream we don’t know we are dreaming; dreams are as real as our distant past. However, we confer reality to the memories of our childhood and disregard our dreams as hallucinations. The source of this misconception is the imperfection of our means to recall dreams. Most of their sharpness and details are lost when we look at them through the cloudy crystal of memory.

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‘Ship launch’ is referred to as the transfer of a newly constructed ship to Water. It is considered as a public celebration and a solemn blessing. In fact, it is considered as a naval tradition that is dated back to thousand of years. One of the exciting methods to launch a ship is in sideways – ‘Side launching’ or ‘sideways launching’. Everyone enjoys the amazing splash of water during the sideways launch. Watch the video featuring the sideways launch of seven ships. Source: Maritime Video | Crewmarket on YouTube

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CC-MAIN-2019-18

http://mfame.guru/awesome-watch-the-sideways-launch-of-seven-ships/

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en