Task: songer_typeiss

What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Your task is to determine the general category of issues discussed in the opinion of the court. Choose among the following categories. Criminal and prisioner petitions- includes appeals of conviction, petitions for post conviction relief, habeas corpus petitions, and other prisoner petitions which challenge the validity of the conviction or the sentence or the validity of continued confinement. Civil - Government - these will include appeals from administrative agencies (e.g., OSHA,FDA), the decisions of administrative law judges, or the decisions of independent regulatory agencies (e.g., NLRB, FCC,SEC). The focus in administrative law is usually on procedural principles that apply to administrative agencies as they affect private interests, primarily through rulemaking and adjudication. Tort actions against the government, including petitions by prisoners which challenge the conditions of their confinement or which seek damages for torts committed by prion officials or by police fit in this category. In addition, this category will include suits over taxes and claims for benefits from government. Diversity of Citizenship - civil cases involving disputes between citizens of different states (remember that businesses have state citizenship). These cases will always involve the application of state or local law. If the case is centrally concerned with the application or interpretation of federal law then it is not a diversity case. Civil Disputes - Private - includes all civil cases that do not fit in any of the above categories. The opposing litigants will be individuals, businesses or groups.

PER CURIAM.
The appellant prosecutes this appeal from an order of the District Court ratifying and confirming the findings of fact, conclusions of law, and the order of the x'eferee in bankruptcy adjudicating it a bankrupt.
Two judgments were entered against appellant by an Illinois Justice of the Peace. Executions were issued on the judgments and delivered to the constable. Under Illinois law liens arose upon appellant’s personal property when the executions were issued and delivered. Appellant did not vacate or discharge the liens within a thirty day period. No levy and return having been made the liens expired after seventy days. The petition for adjudication was filed five days thereafter.
We conceive the main issue presented by the appeal to be whether an involuntary adjudication of bankruptcy premised on 11 U.S.C.A. § 21, sub. a(3) requix'es that the lien suffered or pex*mitted to remain unvacated and undischarged for the thirty day period also-remain unexpired at the time the petition is filed. We agx-ee with the conclusion reached by the referee and the District Court that it need not. In our opinion the “act of bankruptcy” is the failure-to vacate or discharge the lien during the thirty day period from the date of its-inception. Cf. Weinbrenner, Inc. v. Finne, 9 Cir., 105 F.2d 272.
The record amply suppox’ts the finding of insolvency as of the time of failure to vacate or discharge the liens, and at the time the petition was filed.
We have considered the additional and subsidiary issues raised, the arguments advanced by the appellant pertaining thereto, and the cases cited and relied upon in connection therewith, but we are of the view that none of them merit discussion.
The order of the District Court is affirmed.
Affirmed.

Question: What is the general category of issues discussed in the opinion of the court?
A. criminal and prisoner petitions
B. civil - government
C. diversity of citizenship
D. civil - private
E. other, not applicable
F. not ascertained
Answer:

Answer: D