Task: songer_geniss

What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Your task is to identify the issue in the case, that is, the social and/or political context of the litigation in which more purely legal issues are argued. Put somewhat differently, this field identifies the nature of the conflict between the litigants. The focus here is on the subject matter of the controversy rather than its legal basis. Consider the following categories: "criminal" (including appeals of conviction, petitions for post conviction relief, habeas corpus petitions, and other prisoner petitions which challenge the validity of the conviction or the sentence), "civil rights" (excluding First Amendment or due process; also excluding claims of denial of rights in criminal proceeding or claims by prisoners that challenge their conviction or their sentence (e.g., habeas corpus petitions are coded under the criminal category); does include civil suits instituted by both prisoners and callable non-prisoners alleging denial of rights by criminal justice officials), "First Amendment", "due process" (claims in civil cases by persons other than prisoners, does not include due process challenges to government economic regulation), "privacy", "labor relations", "economic activity and regulation", and "miscellaneous".

PER CURIAM.
Pursuant to 18 U.S.C.A. § 401(3) appellant was convicted of criminal contempt of court and was sentenced to two years imprisonment for refusing to answer certain questions before a federal grand jury inquiring into alleged violations of the narcotics laws, after he had been granted immunity under 18 U.S. C.A. § 1406 and had been ordered by the court to answer the questions. Judge Dawson’s well reasoned opinion is reported in 170 F.Supp. 592.
Appellant attacks the constitutionality of § 1406. His principal argument is that the immunity granted under this statute will not protect him from state prosecutions. That a federal immunity statute need not do so was settled long ago in United States v. Murdock, 284 U.S. 141, 52 S.Ct. 63, 76 L.Ed. 210. He says that the courts should re-examine the Murdock decision. But, obviously, such re-examination is not for this court to make.
At the time of his appearance before the grand jury appellant was serving a prison sentence for conspiracy to violate the narcotic laws. The grand jury sought to question him concerning this crime. Seizing upon certain expressions in Brown v. Walker, 161 U.S. 591, 16 S.Ct. 644, 40 L.Ed. 819, which sustained the constitutionality of a federal immunity statute similar to § 1406, appellant makes the fantastic contention that § 1406 is unconstitutional as applied to him because it does not grant a “general amnesty” or “pardon” for his past offense. The error in this argument is that it attempts to convert a general discussion in the Brown v. Walker opinion, at page 601, of 161 U.S. at page 648 of 16 S.Ct. as to the power of Congress to pass acts of general amnesty into an independent principle of law, requiring appellant’s past offense to be pardoned. No authority is cited to support this extraordinary contention.
Additional points made by appellant have been considered but are so plainly without merit that they require no discussion.
Judgment affirmed.
. See also Knapp v. Schweitzer, 357 U.S. 371, 380, 78 S.Ct. 1302, 2 L.Ed.2d 1393; Tedesco v. United States, 6 Cir., 255 F. 2d 35; Corona v. United States, 6 Cir., 250 F.2d 578, certiorari denied 356 U.S. 954, 78 S.Ct. 921, 2 L.Ed.2d 847.
. His conviction was affirmed in United States v. Reina, 2 Cir., 242 F.2d 302, cer-tiorari denied 354 U.S. 913, 77 S.Ct. 1294, 1 L.Ed.2d 1427.
. For decisions rejecting the contention, see People ex rel. Hunt v. Dane, 132 App. Div. 406, 116 N.Y.S. 990, affirmed 196 N.Y. 520, 89 N.E. 1108; People v. Fine, 173 Misc. 1010, 19 N.Y.S.2d 275; People ex rel. Gross v. Sheriff, 277 App.Div. 546, 101. N.Y.S.2d 271, affirmed 302 N.Y. 173, 99 N.E.2d 763.

Question: What is the general issue in the case?
A. criminal
B. civil rights
C. First Amendment
D. due process
E. privacy
F. labor relations
G. economic activity and regulation
H. miscellaneous
Answer:

Answer: A