Task: songer_int_law

What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals. You will be asked a question pertaining to issues that may appear in any civil law cases including civil government, civil private, and diversity cases. The issue is: "Did the court rule in favor of the appellant on an issue related to the interpretation of a treaty or international law?" Answer the question based on the directionality of the appeals court decision. If the court discussed the issue in its opinion and answered the related question in the affirmative, answer "Yes". If the issue was discussed and the opinion answered the question negatively, answer "No". If the opinion considered the question but gave a mixed answer, supporting the respondent in part and supporting the appellant in part, answer "Mixed answer". If the opinion does not discuss the issue, or notes that a particular issue was raised by one of the litigants but the court dismissed the issue as frivolous or trivial or not worthy of discussion for some other reason, answer "Issue not discussed". If the opinion considered the question but gave a "mixed" answer, supporting the respondent in part and supporting the appellant in part (or if two issues treated separately by the court both fell within the area covered by one question and the court answered one question affirmatively and one negatively), answer "Mixed answer". If the opinion either did not consider or discuss the issue at all or if the opinion indicates that this issue was not worthy of consideration by the court of appeals even though it was discussed by the lower court or was raised in one of the briefs, answer "Issue not discussed".

PER CURIAM:
Shearn Moody, Jr. brings this interlocutory appeal challenging the district court’s issuance of a preliminary injunction restraining him from “secreting, moving, disposing of, hypothecating, wasting, dissipating or transferring” any assets pending efforts by the appellee to satisfy a judgment won against Moody more than three and a half years ago. Moody asserts that the preliminary injunction is not supported by the evidence before the district court and that the wording of the injunction is ambiguous and overly broad.
The granting of a preliminary injunction rests in the sound discretion of the district court, and will be overturned only on a showing of abuse of that discretion. Commonwealth Life Insurance Co. v. Neal, 669 F.2d 300, 303 (5th Cir.1982); Foley v. Alabama State Bar, 648 F.2d 355 (5th Cir.1981). The factual findings made here by the district court are amply supported by evidence advanced by the appellee. Matuszak v. Houston Oilers, Inc., 515 S.W.2d 725, 728 (Tex.Civ.App.1974). Moody’s activities since the institution of this lawsuit must engender some suspicion that he is attempting to place assets beyond the reach of his judgment creditor. Under these circumstances, no abuse of discretion appears in the issuance of the preliminary injunction. Moody’s assertion that his financial transactions, though legitimate, are too complex to be understood by appellee and, implicitly, by the district court, requires no response.
The preliminary injunction order issued by the district court meets the specificity requirements of Fed.R.Civ.P. 65(d). The judgment against Moody which appellee seeks to execute exceeds the aggregate value of Moody’s reported assets; consequently it is appropriate for the preliminary injunction to extend to all of Moody’s assets. Any waste, dissipation, or transfer of assets by Moody has a direct impact on appellee’s potential ultimate recovery. See Carter v. City of Houston, 255 S.W.2d 336, 338 (Tex.Civ.App.1953). A similar preliminary injunction was recently upheld by the Sixth Circuit in USACO Coal Co. v. Carbomin Energy, Inc., 689 F.2d 94 (6th Cir.1982).
Moody complains that the preliminary injunction makes no exemption for living expenses and day-to-day business transactions. The trial judge orally assured Moody that ordinary living expenses were not a subject of the injunction, and we are satisfied that Moody faces no threat of contempt on this account. As to everyday business expenses, we must read the trial court’s failure to exempt them from the order to mean that Moody is prohibited from moving or expending any funds for business purposes. In light of the facts that Moody is evidently not engaged in any traditional business and that all of his reported assets are subject to the appellee’s execution of judgment, even so strict a preliminary injunction does not constitute an abuse of discretion. If Moody can establish that his normal business activities will effect no diminution of the assets available to satisfy the judgment, he is free to move the trial court for modification of the preliminary injunction, something he has not done thus far.
AFFIRMED. Costs to be borne by Appellant.
. This question was placed explicitly before the district court at the preliminary injunction hearing, and counsel for appellee urged the court not to exempt such expenses:
THE COURT: All right. What about the exempting transactions in the ordinary course of business?
MR. BLUMENTHAL: Your Honor, I think that there really ought not to be any ordinary course of business at this point except for living expenses. We have an eleven million dollar Judgment and execution ought — it’s a six million dollar Judgment with interest, it’s now in excess of eleven million dollars.
In view of this exchange we cannot suppose that the failure to exempt business expenses was accidental.

Question: Did the court rule in favor of the appellant on an issue related to the interpretation of a treaty or international law?
A. No
B. Yes
C. Mixed answer
D. Issue not discussed
Answer:

Answer: D