Task: songer_r_bus

What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Intervenors who participated as parties at the courts of appeals should be counted as either appellants or respondents when it can be determined whose position they supported. For example, if there were two plaintiffs who lost in district court, appealed, and were joined by four intervenors who also asked the court of appeals to reverse the district court, the number of appellants should be coded as six.
In some cases there is some confusion over who should be listed as the appellant and who as the respondent. This confusion is primarily the result of the presence of multiple docket numbers consolidated into a single appeal that is disposed of by a single opinion. Most frequently, this occurs when there are cross appeals and/or when one litigant sued (or was sued by) multiple litigants that were originally filed in district court as separate actions. The coding rule followed in such cases should be to go strictly by the designation provided in the title of the case. The first person listed in the title as the appellant should be coded as the appellant even if they subsequently appeared in a second docket number as the respondent and regardless of who was characterized as the appellant in the opinion.
To clarify the coding conventions, consider the following hypothetical case in which the US Justice Department sues a labor union to strike down a racially discriminatory seniority system and the corporation (siding with the position of its union) simultaneously sues the government to get an injunction to block enforcement of the relevant civil rights law. From a district court decision that consolidated the two suits and declared the seniority system illegal but refused to impose financial penalties on the union, the corporation appeals and the government and union file cross appeals from the decision in the suit brought by the government. Assume the case was listed in the Federal Reporter as follows:
United States of America,
Plaintiff, Appellant
v
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendant, Appellee.
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendants, Cross-appellants
v
United States of America.
Widgets, Inc. & Susan Kuersten Sheehan, President & Chairman
of the Board
Plaintiff, Appellants,
v
United States of America,
Defendant, Appellee.
This case should be coded as follows:Appellant = United States, Respondents = International Brotherhood of Widget Workers Widgets, Inc., Total number of appellants = 1, Number of appellants that fall into the category "the federal government, its agencies, and officials" = 1, Total number of respondents = 3, Number of respondents that fall into the category "private business and its executives" = 2, Number of respondents that fall into the category "groups and associations" = 1.
Note that if an individual is listed by name, but their appearance in the case is as a government official, then they should be counted as a government rather than as a private person. For example, in the case "Billy Jones & Alfredo Ruiz v Joe Smith" where Smith is a state prisoner who brought a civil rights suit against two of the wardens in the prison (Jones & Ruiz), the following values should be coded: number of appellants that fall into the category "natural persons" =0 and number that fall into the category "state governments, their agencies, and officials" =2. A similar logic should be applied to businesses and associations. Officers of a company or association whose role in the case is as a representative of their company or association should be coded as being a business or association rather than as a natural person. However, employees of a business or a government who are suing their employer should be coded as natural persons. Likewise, employees who are charged with criminal conduct for action that was contrary to the company policies should be considered natural persons.
If the title of a case listed a corporation by name and then listed the names of two individuals that the opinion indicated were top officers of the same corporation as the appellants, then the number of appellants should be coded as three and all three were coded as a business (with the identical detailed code). Similar logic should be applied when government officials or officers of an association were listed by name.
Your specific task is to determine the total number of respondents in the case that fall into the category "private business and its executives". If the total number cannot be determined (e.g., if the respondent is listed as "Smith, et. al." and the opinion does not specify who is included in the "et.al."), then answer 99.

WIDENER, Circuit Judge:
This action was brought by the claimant, Rena Sklar Oppenheim, against the Secretary of Health, Education and Wei-fare, pursuant to § 205(g) of the Social Security Act, 42 U.S.C. § 405(g), to obtain judicial review of a final decision of the Secretary denying her application for disability insurance benefits under §§ 216(i) and 223 of the Act, 42 U.S.C. §§ 416(i) and 423. On January 15, 1973, the district court entered an order affirming the Secretary’s position, and this appeal followed. We vacate and remand for further inquiry.
The standard of review in cases of this nature is prescribed in § 205(g) of the Act, 42 U.S.C. § 405(g), as follows: “The findings of the Secretary as to any fact, if supported by substantial evidence, shall be conclusive.” Under the law, the Secretary, not the courts, is charged with reconciling inconsistencies in the evidence. Thus, if his findings are supported by substantial evidence, his decision must be upheld. E. g., Underwood v. Ribicoff, 298 F.2d 850 (4th Cir. 1962). The courts are not to try the case de novo. At the same time, they must not abdicate their traditional functions; they cannot escape their duty to scrutinize the record as a whole to determine whether the conclusions reached are 'rational. Universal Camera Corp. v. NLRB, 340 U.S. 474, 71 S.Ct. 456, 95 L.Ed. 456 (1951); Thomas v. Celebrezze, 331 F.2d 541 (4th Cir. 1964).
The'claimant filed an application for a period of disability and disability insurance benefits on July 25, 1967. Her primary complaints concern pain and stiffness of the right arm, which began in January, 1967, and bad vision; additional complaints include recurrent neck pain, toxemia, and uncontrollable bowel movements. She has also complained of headaches, confusion and nervousness since about April, 1967.
The record contains the reports of nine physicians who have examined the claimant on various occasions. Each report contains a statement of the objective medical findings made by the examining physician. After considering the record, the Appeals Council, on June 16, 1970, made a number of specific findings. Among them was the statement that “the claimant’s impairments, individually and in combination, would not prevent her from performing light and sedentary work within the scope of her vocational training and experience.” We find this assertion difficult to reconcile with Dr. Blum’s conclusion that “any type of occupation might be quite difficult when it involves bookkeeping, and reading or clerical work of any sort.”
When Dr. Blum, an ophthalmologist, examined the claimant, he found her vision to be 20/200 in each eye without glasses and only 20/80 with glasses. He also found that she was unable to use her eyes together properly because of a large strabismus. These medical findings are neither disputed nor contradicted by other medical evidence. Indeed, Dr. Goldberg’s earlier examination tends to corroborate Dr. Blum’s evidence.
The Appeals Council discounted these medical findings with the observation that the claimant’s congenital visual impairment did not prevent her from doing clerical work or operating an automobile. This court, however, considers the decision of the Appeals Council to have been without foundation when it substituted its opinion for that of the ophthalmologists.
On remand, the Secretary should conduct further inquiry into Mrs. Oppen-heim’s eye condition with a view to determining her ability to perform sustained work of a clerical nature. Dr. Blum states such work would be “quite difficult.” Accordingly, the scope of the inquiry should at least be directed toward determining the meaning of Dr. Blum’s phrase, “quite difficult,” in this context.
At the same time, the Secretary should consider that the objective medical facts in this record indicate the existence of a debilitating elbow condition which surgery has failed to cure; visual difficulties such as nearsightedness, strabismus, and congenital nystagmus; a sometimes severe gastrointestinal problem with a possibly psychogenic background; and recurrent neck pain, stemming from a 1961 auto accident, which occasionally necessitates use of traction and a cervical collar. The issue before the Appeals Council is not only the existence of these problems, but also their degree of severity, and whether, together, they impaired the claimant’s “ability to engage in substantial gainful activity.”
Despite its assertion to the contrary, the report of the Appeals Council tends to fractionalize the several ailments and to treat each in isolation. On remand, we wish the Secretary to consider whether the combination of medical problems, both chronic and acute, impair the claimant’s “ability to engage in substantial gainful activity.”
Other than Dr. Blum’s statement, the only opinion evidence on this point is that of Dr. Lister who reported that he considered the claimant “to be totally disabled from any form of gainful employment.” This expert judgment is neither met nor contradicted by any other expert judgment. A physician’s statement, of course, is not conclusive of the ultimate fact in issue, Mrs. Oppenheim’s ability to engage in substantial gainful activity. It does, however, reflect Dr. Lister’s opinion of the severity of the claimant’s various impairments and her ability to adapt to them. Dr. Lister has treated Mrs. Oppenheim since 1956. As we noted in Vitek v. Finch, 438 F.2d 1157, 1160 (4th Cir. 1971), “[w]hile the Appeals Council is not bound by this assessment, this court has emphasized that the opinion of a claimant’s treating physician is entitled to great weight, for it reflects an expert judgment based on a continuing observation of the patient’s condition over a prolonged period of time.” Accord, Underwood v. Ribicoff, 298 F.2d 850 (4th Cir. 1962).
It is not sufficient for the Secretary to say, as here, that the claimant suffers several physical impairments yet can do “light and sedentary work within the scope of her vocational training and experience as an office manager, bookkeeper or office clerk.” It must be shown medically that she can perform the physical activities those jobs require without serious aggravation to present physical impairment or to general health.
Remanded.
. A deviation of the eye that the patient cannot overcome in which the visual axes are not physiologically coordinated.
. At tlie administrative hearing, this remand contemplates either side, of course, should be allowed to introduce all evidence touching the disability of the plaintiff.

Question: What is the total number of respondents in the case that fall into the category "private business and its executives"? Answer with a number.
Answer:

Answer: 0