Task: songer_majvotes

What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Your task is to determine the number of judges who voted in favor of the disposition favored by the majority. Judges who concurred in the outcome but wrote a separate concurring opinion are counted as part of the majority. For most cases this variable takes the value "2" or "3." However, for cases decided en banc the value may be as high as 15. Note: in the typical case, a list of the judges who heard the case is printed immediately before the opinion. If there is no indication that any of the judges dissented and no indication that one or more of the judges did not participate in the final decision, then all of the judges listed as participating in the decision are assumed to have cast votes with the majority. The number of majority votes recorded includes district judges or other judges sitting by designation who participated on the appeals court panel. If there is an indication that a judge heard argument in the case but did not participate in the final opinion (e.g., the judge died before the decision was reached), that judge is not counted in the number of majority votes.

FRANK, Circuit Judge.
1. The fact that an organization derives income from services not “scientific” does not preclude exemption. Cf Bohemian Gymnastic Ass’n v. Higgins, 2 Cir., 147 F.2d 774; Oklahoma State Fair and Exposition v. Jones, D.C., 44 F.Supp. 630. But the exemption granted by the statute is only for those organizations whose “purposes” are “exclusively * * * scientific.”
The word “scientific” has a large variety of meanings. Thus, among savants, there has been much disputation as to whether, with accuracy, history or politics or economics or sociology or “law” is or can be a science. Fortunately,- we are not here required to decide whether in this statute Congress intended to use “scientific” in a restricted or a latitudinarian manner. For, patently, the taxpayer’s prime function is the maintenance, at a high sportsmanlike level, of the sport of dog shows and field trials. Its chief aim is to see that the dog shows are staffed by proper judges and that a fair trial is given to all entrants. However worthy this aim may be, it is not scientific. Doubtless, as plaintiff doggedly asserts, much of the data resulting from taxpayer’s activities can be used scientifically by geneticists, and probably is. But that is not enough. Gambling furnished the data to Pascal and Fermat for working out the mathematical theory of probability, a theory indispensable to modern .physicists. Yet no one would say that, even if today mathematicians and physicists, for their purposes, still studied what went on in gambling houses, such institutions were organized and operated for purposes “exclusively * * * scientific.” The instant case cannot be distinguished- — as was the Bohemian case, supra — from our decision in Jockey Club v. Helvering, 2 Cir., 76 F.2d 597.
2. Nor can an exemption be justified under § 101(7). Taxpayer is not a business league. The clubs which make up taxpayer s membership are primarily interested in sport, not in business. Thus, though the plaintiff is a league of clubs, it surely is not a league of business clubs.
3. Our decision of the foregoing questions avoids the necessity of determining whether, under §§ 101(6) or 101(7), any of the profit inured to the benefit of the members.
Affirmed.
For recent discussions, see, e.g., Kaufmann, Methodology of The Social Sciences (l944); Neurath, Foundations of The Social Sciences, in International Encyclopedia of Unified Science, Vol. II, No. 1 (1944); Cohen and Nagel, Logic and Scientific Method (1936) Ch. XVII.

Question: What is the number of judges who voted in favor of the disposition favored by the majority?
A. 0
B. 1
C. 2
D. 3
E. 4
F. 5
G. 6
H. 7
I. 8
J. 9
K. 10
L. 11
M. 12
N. 13
O. 14
P. 15
Q. Not ascertained
Answer:

Answer: D