Task: songer_numappel

What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Intervenors who participated as parties at the courts of appeals should be counted as either appellants or respondents when it can be determined whose position they supported. For example, if there were two plaintiffs who lost in district court, appealed, and were joined by four intervenors who also asked the court of appeals to reverse the district court, the number of appellants should be coded as six.
In some cases there is some confusion over who should be listed as the appellant and who as the respondent. This confusion is primarily the result of the presence of multiple docket numbers consolidated into a single appeal that is disposed of by a single opinion. Most frequently, this occurs when there are cross appeals and/or when one litigant sued (or was sued by) multiple litigants that were originally filed in district court as separate actions. The coding rule followed in such cases should be to go strictly by the designation provided in the title of the case. The first person listed in the title as the appellant should be coded as the appellant even if they subsequently appeared in a second docket number as the respondent and regardless of who was characterized as the appellant in the opinion.
To clarify the coding conventions, consider the following hypothetical case in which the US Justice Department sues a labor union to strike down a racially discriminatory seniority system and the corporation (siding with the position of its union) simultaneously sues the government to get an injunction to block enforcement of the relevant civil rights law. From a district court decision that consolidated the two suits and declared the seniority system illegal but refused to impose financial penalties on the union, the corporation appeals and the government and union file cross appeals from the decision in the suit brought by the government. Assume the case was listed in the Federal Reporter as follows:
United States of America,
Plaintiff, Appellant
v
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendant, Appellee.
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendants, Cross-appellants
v
United States of America.
Widgets, Inc. & Susan Kuersten Sheehan, President & Chairman
of the Board
Plaintiff, Appellants,
v
United States of America,
Defendant, Appellee.
This case should be coded as follows:Appellant = United States, Respondents = International Brotherhood of Widget Workers Widgets, Inc., Total number of appellants = 1, Number of appellants that fall into the category "the federal government, its agencies, and officials" = 1, Total number of respondents = 3, Number of respondents that fall into the category "private business and its executives" = 2, Number of respondents that fall into the category "groups and associations" = 1.
Your specific task is to determine the total number of appellants in the case. If the total number cannot be determined (e.g., if the appellant is listed as "Smith, et. al." and the opinion does not specify who is included in the "et.al."), then answer 99.

KILEY, Circuit Judge.
This is a petition for mandamus to compel respondent to vacate an order denying petitioner’s motion to transfer a case to the Southern District of New York, and to compel entry of an order transferring the case. This court issued a rule to show cause, and respondent answered.
The underlying ease in the District Court, an action in equity, is Schiek v. The Butterick Company, Inc., a New York corporation with principal place of business in New York City, to enforce payment of dividends to Schiek, an Illinois citizen, who owns 200 of the 32,406 shares of the non-cumulative preferred stock. On May 11, 1961, Butterick’s board of directors decided not to pay a dividend due on July 1, 1961, and Schiek’s suit followed.
After briefs and affidavits for and against the motion to transfer were filed, respondent denied the motion, and the petition at bar followed.
It is fundamental that petitioner had the burden of showing a clear right to this extraordinary writ. Chemetron Corp. v. Perry, 295 F.2d 703, 704 (7th Cir., 1961). The question is whether respondent clearly abused his discretion in denying the motion to transfer.
28 U.S.C. § 1404(a) provides: “For the convenience of parties and witnesses, in the interest of justice, a district court may transfer any civil action to any other district or division where it might have been brought.” Butterick had the burden of making a “clear showing” that the “balance of conveniences” weighed in its favor. Koster v. Lumbermens Mutual Co., 330 U.S. 518, 67 S.Ct. 828, 91 L.Ed. 1067 (1947). This court said in Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad Co. v. Igoe, 220 F.2d 299, 302 (7th Cir., 1955), cert. denied, 350 U.S. 822, 76 S.Ct. 49, 100 L.Ed. 735 (1955) : “In considering the three factors prescribed by the statute, the District Court should bear in mind that in filing an action the-plaintiff is permitted to choose any proper forum and that the plaintiff’s choice of forum should not be lightly set aside.”
In Igoe, this court set out several factors to be considered. They include: the relative ease of access to sources of proof, availability of compulsory process-for, and expense of obtaining attendance-of, witnesses, and the condition of the-court calendar. It said a district court is-limited in exercising its “broad discretion” to consideration of the convenience of parties and witnesses and “the interests of justice,” but that it must apply the “three” factors. Clearly the court in Igoe did not intend to exclude other considerations falling within the term “in the interest of justice” because it stated that the term connotes conditions which further the administration of justice including the interest of the parties and of society.
Respondent in the proceeding at bar considered the elements set forth in § 1404(a) and by this court in Igoe. He weighed the factors presented by the affidavits and the balance of convenience and inconvenience of the parties, and in his Return in this court, he noted the difficulty of speculating before trial on what proof would eventually be produced. He thought that Butterick was better able to bear the inconvenience and expense of trial in Chicago than plaintiff was to bear the inconvenience and expense of trial in New York. He implied that the additional expense to plaintiff of prosecuting his suit in New York might result in his terminating the litigation, and noted that Butterick would not be precluded by economic considerations from proceeding in Chicago. He noted that plaintiff had selected an Illinois court, as his forum.
Respondent, following the guides of § 1404(a) and Igoe, gave reasons for his decision, and we cannot say that his denial of the motion to transfer was an abuse of discretion. Chemetron Corp. v. Perry, 295 F.2d 703 (7th Cir., 1961).
None of the cases cited are controlling in Butterick’s favor. Even if facts were on all fours, who can say, where the ground rules in Igoe were followed, that one judge’s exercise of discretion must conform to another’s? Even if we thought the court erred in the exercise of its discretion, mere error would not be enough for the extraordinary relief of mandamus, Sypert v. Miner, 266 F.2d 196, 199 (7th Cir., 1959), cert. denied, 361 U.S. 832, 80 S.Ct. 82, 4 L.Ed.2d 74 (1959), unless the error was so clear and arbitrary as to amount to an abuse of discretion. We have considered all points made by Butterick and have passed on all we deem necessary to this decision. No abuse of discretion is shown.
For the reasons given, the petition for writ of mandamus is denied.
. Originally filed in the Circuit Court of Cook County, defendant removed it to the Northern District of Illinois, Eastern Division.
. That case dealt with a motion to dismiss under the doctrine of forum non conveniens, before § 1404(a) was enacted. But as Judge Hand pointed out in Foster-Milburn Co. v. Knight, 181 F.2d 949 (2d Cir., 1950), that section was drafted in accordance with the doctrine of forum non conveniens.
. We are not disposed to grant the writ merely because respondent considered Butterick’s failure to raise the forum non conveniens issue in the Circuit Court of Cook County. He did not go beyond the factors in § 1404(a), limiting his discretion. He thought of Butterick’s failure to raise forum non conveniens in its bearing on the factors of convenience of the parties and witnesses.

Question: What is the total number of appellants in the case? Answer with a number.
Answer:

Answer: 1