Task: songer_appnatpr

What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Intervenors who participated as parties at the courts of appeals should be counted as either appellants or respondents when it can be determined whose position they supported. For example, if there were two plaintiffs who lost in district court, appealed, and were joined by four intervenors who also asked the court of appeals to reverse the district court, the number of appellants should be coded as six.
In some cases there is some confusion over who should be listed as the appellant and who as the respondent. This confusion is primarily the result of the presence of multiple docket numbers consolidated into a single appeal that is disposed of by a single opinion. Most frequently, this occurs when there are cross appeals and/or when one litigant sued (or was sued by) multiple litigants that were originally filed in district court as separate actions. The coding rule followed in such cases should be to go strictly by the designation provided in the title of the case. The first person listed in the title as the appellant should be coded as the appellant even if they subsequently appeared in a second docket number as the respondent and regardless of who was characterized as the appellant in the opinion.
To clarify the coding conventions, consider the following hypothetical case in which the US Justice Department sues a labor union to strike down a racially discriminatory seniority system and the corporation (siding with the position of its union) simultaneously sues the government to get an injunction to block enforcement of the relevant civil rights law. From a district court decision that consolidated the two suits and declared the seniority system illegal but refused to impose financial penalties on the union, the corporation appeals and the government and union file cross appeals from the decision in the suit brought by the government. Assume the case was listed in the Federal Reporter as follows:
United States of America,
Plaintiff, Appellant
v
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendant, Appellee.
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendants, Cross-appellants
v
United States of America.
Widgets, Inc. & Susan Kuersten Sheehan, President & Chairman
of the Board
Plaintiff, Appellants,
v
United States of America,
Defendant, Appellee.
This case should be coded as follows:Appellant = United States, Respondents = International Brotherhood of Widget Workers Widgets, Inc., Total number of appellants = 1, Number of appellants that fall into the category "the federal government, its agencies, and officials" = 1, Total number of respondents = 3, Number of respondents that fall into the category "private business and its executives" = 2, Number of respondents that fall into the category "groups and associations" = 1.
Note that if an individual is listed by name, but their appearance in the case is as a government official, then they should be counted as a government rather than as a private person. For example, in the case "Billy Jones & Alfredo Ruiz v Joe Smith" where Smith is a state prisoner who brought a civil rights suit against two of the wardens in the prison (Jones & Ruiz), the following values should be coded: number of appellants that fall into the category "natural persons" =0 and number that fall into the category "state governments, their agencies, and officials" =2. A similar logic should be applied to businesses and associations. Officers of a company or association whose role in the case is as a representative of their company or association should be coded as being a business or association rather than as a natural person. However, employees of a business or a government who are suing their employer should be coded as natural persons. Likewise, employees who are charged with criminal conduct for action that was contrary to the company policies should be considered natural persons.
If the title of a case listed a corporation by name and then listed the names of two individuals that the opinion indicated were top officers of the same corporation as the appellants, then the number of appellants should be coded as three and all three were coded as a business (with the identical detailed code). Similar logic should be applied when government officials or officers of an association were listed by name.
Your specific task is to determine the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "natural persons". If the total number cannot be determined (e.g., if the appellant is listed as "Smith, et. al." and the opinion does not specify who is included in the "et.al."), then answer 99.

COTTERAL, Circuit Judge.
The Massey-Harris Company appeals from a judgment in favor of George A. Gill, in a suit he brought to recover damages sustained when a tractor owned by the company ran upon and injured him.
It was specified in thé petition that the defendant, a manufacturer of farm machinery, was demonstrating its tractors during a tractor show at Wichita, Kan., to a large number of persons, including the plaintiff; that the defendant left one of the tractors in gear and unguarded, and some one, either an employee of the company or a bystander, pressed the starter button, which caused it to run into and upon the plaintiff and produce the injuries.
At the close of the evidence, the plaintiff was allowed to amend his petition to conform to the proof by alleging that the tractor was left standing in the street, with a rear wheel upon a block of wood, facing defendant’s warehouse; that two employees were left to guard the tractor; that an employee of the company set the motor running, and that the danger of its being started by some one pulling the levers was fully realized by defendant; that the defendant knew and appreeiat-ed the danger; that the employees failed to take any care or caution against the starting of the tractor, and by their negligence it moved forward, ran over the sidewalk and into the building, where plaintiff was struck and injured. The defense was a denial of negligence, and further that the injury, if any, was due to plaintiff’s contributory negligence.
The ease was tried to a jury. The defendant interposed a motion to direct a verdict in its favor, and assigns as errors the denial of that motion and the rendition of judgment.
The theory of the defendant was that, in order to recover, the plaintiff was required to show the tractor was a dangerous instrumentality, as he failed to show that any of defondant’s employees started the tractor in motion and thereby caused the injury to the plaintiff. Many authorities are cited to show a motor vehicle is not a dang-erous instrumentality, among them a ease decided by this court. Woody v. Utah Power & Light Co., 54 F.(2d) 220. It is more accurate to say that a motor vehicle is not inherently, but only potentially, such an instrumentality. District of Columbia v. Colts, 282 U. S. 63, 51 S. Ct. 52, 75 L. Ed. 177. But wo find the question quite unnecessary and unimportant in this case, as the evidence shows the defendant left the tractor in the control of its employees, and their acts, attributable to the defendant, showed a want of ordinary precaution to avert the injury.
The demonstration was put on to a crowd of invitees. The defendant’s employees Straight and Turner were left in charge of the tractor. Straight placed it in position with a rear wheel on a block of wood. Hampton, one of defendant’s service men, started the motor, left it unattended, and faced away from it when it moved. Straight testified that any person in the crowd behind the tractor could have taken hold of the levers and started the tractor; that he did not watch that crowd, knew the engine was in motion, and by starting might injure bystanders; that he realized it would be very dangerous to let the tractor run through the crowd; that it was his duty to prevent that, and he had been guarding it, and particularly at the rear of the machine, but his attention was diverted by a man who spoke to him, and he turned his back to the machine.
Turner, another of defendant’s service men, testified he saw Hampton start the motor; that the starter button had been pressed shortly before the tractor started and ran across the sidewalk into the building; that any person at the back of the tractor could easily reach and handle the gears; tha-t he was talking to a customer when it started; that, as lie saw Hampton, a competent man, was in charge, he paid no further attention to it. Hampton also testified the tractor had a self-starting device, starting the motor on the battery by pressing the button, and, when the tractor started moving, it automatically transferred to magneto. He stated that he relied on Straight and Turner to see that nothing happened to start the tractor into the erowd. The plaintiff was an invited guest, and was in the act of shaking hands with some representative of the defendant when the tractor rail upon him.
Wo think that the demonstration of. the tractor called for the performance of a duty on defendant’s part to guard against injury to those assembled about it, and that, if the omission of that duty resulted in the plaintiff’s injury, it was a case of actionable negligence. Chicago, R. I. & P. R. Co. v. Duran, 38 Okl. 719, 134 P. 876; Coast S. S. Co. v. Brady (C. C. A.) 8 F.(2d) 16. The defendant appreciated the danger by placing its agents as guards over the tractor. But they were remiss in the exercise of their duties, and permitted their attention to be diverted, when the tractor was caused by some one to run to the place of injury. The defendant was responsible for their omission of duty. The jury was well justified in finding there was negligence on their part, and this was the proximate cause of the accident. There was no evidence of contributory negligence on plaintiff’s part.
The trial court properly charged the jury that, in order for the plaintiff to recover, it must find that defendant’s negligence was the proximate cause of plaintiff’s injuries, that they were the natural and probable result, and that they ought to have been foreseen by the defendant in the exercise of the care a reasonable and prudent man would exercise, in the light of all the surrounding circumstances. Stanolind Oil & Gas Co. v. Brown (C. C. A.) 62 F.(2d) 398; Milwaukee & St. P. R. Co. v. Kellogg, 94 U. S. 469, 24 L. Ed. 256; Scheffer v. Washington City, V. M. & G. S. R. Co., 105 U. S. 249, 26 L. Ed. 1070; Snider v. Sand Springs Ry. Co. (C. C. A.) 62 F.(2d) 635.
The case was one for the jury. The defendant was not entitled to a peremptory instruction. Finding no error in the record, the judgment in this case is affirmed.

Question: What is the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "natural persons"? Answer with a number.
Answer:

Answer: 0