Task: songer_typeiss

What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Your task is to determine the general category of issues discussed in the opinion of the court. Choose among the following categories. Criminal and prisioner petitions- includes appeals of conviction, petitions for post conviction relief, habeas corpus petitions, and other prisoner petitions which challenge the validity of the conviction or the sentence or the validity of continued confinement. Civil - Government - these will include appeals from administrative agencies (e.g., OSHA,FDA), the decisions of administrative law judges, or the decisions of independent regulatory agencies (e.g., NLRB, FCC,SEC). The focus in administrative law is usually on procedural principles that apply to administrative agencies as they affect private interests, primarily through rulemaking and adjudication. Tort actions against the government, including petitions by prisoners which challenge the conditions of their confinement or which seek damages for torts committed by prion officials or by police fit in this category. In addition, this category will include suits over taxes and claims for benefits from government. Diversity of Citizenship - civil cases involving disputes between citizens of different states (remember that businesses have state citizenship). These cases will always involve the application of state or local law. If the case is centrally concerned with the application or interpretation of federal law then it is not a diversity case. Civil Disputes - Private - includes all civil cases that do not fit in any of the above categories. The opposing litigants will be individuals, businesses or groups.

FRANK, Circuit Judge.
[1] Under the law of the State of New York, a chattel mortgage which is not accompanied by an immediate delivery of the mortgaged property to the mortgagee is void as against creditors of the mortgagor, unless the mortgage or a true copy is filed pursuant to the Lien Law, Consol.Laws, c.33, § 230.
Section 232 of the Lien Law (as the section stood on August 26, 1944) reads as follows: “If the chattels mortgaged are in the city of New York at the time of the execution of the mortgage, the mortgage or a true copy thereof must be filed in the county where the mortgagor alleges to reside at the time of the execution of the mortgage, and in the county where the property is situated.”
The filing on August 26 did not sufficiently comply with this requirement. The statute requires that the copy must be filed in two places, i. e., (1) the county where the mortgagor “alleges to reside,” and (2) where the property is situated. Petition of Turchin, 260 App.Div. 447, 23 N.Y.S.2d 144. There is no merit in appellant’s contention that the statute is satisfied if the mortgage is filed in the county where the mortgagor alleges the property to be. Appellants rely on cases dealing with the alleged residence of the mortgagor, which are not in point here. We see no reason to read “and” as “or.” Strict compliance with the statute is required to create the lien. In re Parkway Knitting Mills, Inc., 2 Cir., 119 F.2d 605; Ely v. Carnley, 19 N.Y. 496. The appellant has not shown such compliance, and consequently the appeal must fail.
Affirmed.
The amendment to § 232, effective September 1, 1944, which reads “and also in the county where the property is situated” makes no material change pertinent here.

Question: What is the general category of issues discussed in the opinion of the court?
A. criminal and prisoner petitions
B. civil - government
C. diversity of citizenship
D. civil - private
E. other, not applicable
F. not ascertained
Answer:

Answer: D