Task: songer_appfed

What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Intervenors who participated as parties at the courts of appeals should be counted as either appellants or respondents when it can be determined whose position they supported. For example, if there were two plaintiffs who lost in district court, appealed, and were joined by four intervenors who also asked the court of appeals to reverse the district court, the number of appellants should be coded as six.
In some cases there is some confusion over who should be listed as the appellant and who as the respondent. This confusion is primarily the result of the presence of multiple docket numbers consolidated into a single appeal that is disposed of by a single opinion. Most frequently, this occurs when there are cross appeals and/or when one litigant sued (or was sued by) multiple litigants that were originally filed in district court as separate actions. The coding rule followed in such cases should be to go strictly by the designation provided in the title of the case. The first person listed in the title as the appellant should be coded as the appellant even if they subsequently appeared in a second docket number as the respondent and regardless of who was characterized as the appellant in the opinion.
To clarify the coding conventions, consider the following hypothetical case in which the US Justice Department sues a labor union to strike down a racially discriminatory seniority system and the corporation (siding with the position of its union) simultaneously sues the government to get an injunction to block enforcement of the relevant civil rights law. From a district court decision that consolidated the two suits and declared the seniority system illegal but refused to impose financial penalties on the union, the corporation appeals and the government and union file cross appeals from the decision in the suit brought by the government. Assume the case was listed in the Federal Reporter as follows:
United States of America,
Plaintiff, Appellant
v
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendant, Appellee.
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendants, Cross-appellants
v
United States of America.
Widgets, Inc. & Susan Kuersten Sheehan, President & Chairman
of the Board
Plaintiff, Appellants,
v
United States of America,
Defendant, Appellee.
This case should be coded as follows:Appellant = United States, Respondents = International Brotherhood of Widget Workers Widgets, Inc., Total number of appellants = 1, Number of appellants that fall into the category "the federal government, its agencies, and officials" = 1, Total number of respondents = 3, Number of respondents that fall into the category "private business and its executives" = 2, Number of respondents that fall into the category "groups and associations" = 1.
Note that if an individual is listed by name, but their appearance in the case is as a government official, then they should be counted as a government rather than as a private person. For example, in the case "Billy Jones & Alfredo Ruiz v Joe Smith" where Smith is a state prisoner who brought a civil rights suit against two of the wardens in the prison (Jones & Ruiz), the following values should be coded: number of appellants that fall into the category "natural persons" =0 and number that fall into the category "state governments, their agencies, and officials" =2. A similar logic should be applied to businesses and associations. Officers of a company or association whose role in the case is as a representative of their company or association should be coded as being a business or association rather than as a natural person. However, employees of a business or a government who are suing their employer should be coded as natural persons. Likewise, employees who are charged with criminal conduct for action that was contrary to the company policies should be considered natural persons.
If the title of a case listed a corporation by name and then listed the names of two individuals that the opinion indicated were top officers of the same corporation as the appellants, then the number of appellants should be coded as three and all three were coded as a business (with the identical detailed code). Similar logic should be applied when government officials or officers of an association were listed by name.
Your specific task is to determine the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "the federal government, its agencies, and officials". If the total number cannot be determined (e.g., if the appellant is listed as "Smith, et. al." and the opinion does not specify who is included in the "et.al."), then answer 99.

PER CURIAM:
We deferred ruling on this petition for review until the Supreme Court decided whether an employer, who is charged with a violation of the Occupational Safety and Health Act that may subject him to civil penalties, is constitutionally entitled to a jury trial. In Atlas Roofing Co., Inc. v. Occupational Safety & Health Review Commission, - U.S. -, 97 S.Ct. 1261, 51 L.Ed.2d 464 (1977), the Court held that the Seventh Amendment posed no bar to the disposition of such charges and the imposition of civil penalties by an administrative tribunal. This decision controls the principal issue presented by the petitioner. We turn, therefore, to other issues it raised.
The citations against the petitioner, Dorey Electric Company, arose as a result of a routine inspection by an OSHA compliance officer who noted that employees of Dorey were working near open, unguarded edges of the fourth floor of an uncompleted apartment building. In addition, he found the worksite perimeter cluttered with piles of foam and scrap lumber which exposed Dorey’s employees to possible injury. The evidence presented at the administrative hearing was based primarily on the compliance officer’s inspection and a stipulation that the edges of the floors in question were unguarded.
Dorey contends that the inspection of the worksite was without permission, violating its Fourth Amendment right against unreasonable searches. Therefore, according to Dorey, the testimony of the compliance officer must be excluded, and the complaint dismissed for lack of evidence.
The record discloses, however, that, at a worksite conference, Dorey gave permission for the inspection through its foreman. We conclude, therefore, that the testimony of the compliance officer was properly admitted.
Dorey also contends that the Commission failed to show that the absence of guardrails constitutes a “serious offense” under 29 U.S.C. § 666(j). That section provides:
[A] serious violation shall be deemed to exist in a place of employment if there is a substantial probability that death or serious physical harm could result from a condition, which exists, or from one or more practices, means, methods, operations, or processes which have been adopted or are in use, in such place of employment unless the employer did not, or could not with the exercise of reasonable diligence, know of the presence of the violation.
Dorey claims that the probability of falling, being statistically available, must be shown before the violation may be deemed “serious.” This contention was expressly rejected in National Realty & Construction Co., Inc. v. Occupational Safety & Health Review Commission, 160 U.S.App.D.C. 133, 489 F.2d 1257, 1265 n. 33 (1973), in which the court stated that no such mathematical test need be conducted. “If evidence is presented that a practice could eventuate in serious physical harm upon other than a freakish or utterly implausible concurrence of circumstances, the Commission’s expert determination of likelihood should [control].” Here, we think it reasonable for the Commission to conclude that the absence of guardrails could result in serious injury; thus, the violation is of a serious nature under 29 U.S.C. § 666(j).
Dorey next argues that, even if this court were to accept the Commission’s findings that it violated the safety standards, enforcement should be denied because standard guardrails would have rendered performance of the work “difficult if not impossible.” In addition, Dorey asserts that the guardrails, when removed, would have damaged the completed work. The petitioner points out that the Commission itself has held that noncompliance with a safety standard is justified when necessary to perform required work. Secretary v. Dic-Underhill, 7 OSAHRC Rep. 134 (1974); Secretary v. Masonry, Inc., 5 OSAHRC Rep. 524 (1973); Secretary v. La Salla Contracting Co., Inc., 2 OSAHRC Rep. 976 (1973).
Despite these claims by Dorey that it was impossible for it to comply with the guardrail standard, the administrative law judge concluded that “[o]ther guards equivalent to standard railing such as pipe and wire rope could have been used to guard the edge of the opensided fourth floor which would not have obstructed, damaged, or otherwise prevented installation of said electrical switches and/or conduits by Dorey’s employees.” This finding is supported by the testimony at the hearing, and we conclude that, because Dorey failed to establish the impossibility of compliance, the penalties should be enforced.
Affirmed.
The Commission’s decision is reported as Secretary v. Dorey Electric Co., 11 OSAHRC Rep. 227 (1974).

Question: What is the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "the federal government, its agencies, and officialss"? Answer with a number.
Answer:

Answer: 0