Task: songer_majvotes

What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Your task is to determine the number of judges who voted in favor of the disposition favored by the majority. Judges who concurred in the outcome but wrote a separate concurring opinion are counted as part of the majority. For most cases this variable takes the value "2" or "3." However, for cases decided en banc the value may be as high as 15. Note: in the typical case, a list of the judges who heard the case is printed immediately before the opinion. If there is no indication that any of the judges dissented and no indication that one or more of the judges did not participate in the final decision, then all of the judges listed as participating in the decision are assumed to have cast votes with the majority. The number of majority votes recorded includes district judges or other judges sitting by designation who participated on the appeals court panel. If there is an indication that a judge heard argument in the case but did not participate in the final opinion (e.g., the judge died before the decision was reached), that judge is not counted in the number of majority votes.

PER CURIAM:
This is an appeal from a conviction for violation of 21 U.S.C. §§ 173, 174 (1958).
The charge of which appellant com.plains was not as clear as would be desirable in instructing the jury on the effect of the presumption of illegal importation.
“In short, a finding of possession authorizes conviction, but does not compel it. It permits the jury to infer that all of the elements requisite to conviction were proved by the Government to their satisfaction. Since the jury, despite proof of possession, may find that one of those elements was lacking, it is incumbent upon the trial judge not only to explain properly the function of the statutory ‘authorization’ but also to instruct on each and every element — unlawful importation, knowledge, and facilitation or sale — of the offense charged.” United States v. Evans, 312 F.2d 556, 557 (2d Cir. 1963).
However, no objection was made to the charge and we do not believe that the charge as given was plainly erroneous within the meaning of Rule 52(b) of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure.
Appellant asks us to rule on the basis of Erwing v. United States, 323 F. 2d 674, 682 (9th Cir. 1963) that “there is no rational connection” between cocaine hydrochloride and the presumption of illegal importation. But the record contains no evidence whatever as to place of manufacture upon which we could base such a conclusion. See United States v. Martinez, 333 F.2d 80, 81 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 379 U.S. 907, 85 S.Ct. 199, 13 L.Ed.2d 178 (1964); United States v. Sorenson, 330 F.2d 1018, 1021 (2d Cir. 1964).
Appellant urges that the testimony of the chemist did not sufficiently identify the substance which he analyzed as the same substance which was purchased from the defendant. The record appears to lend support to the appellant’s claim. However, there is other evidence which sufficiently establishes the character of the substance sold by appellant. See United States v. Agueci, 310 F.2d 817, 828 (2d Cir. 1962), cert. denied, 372 U.S. 959, 83 S.Ct. 1013, 10 L.Ed.2d 11 (1963). Moreover, appellant was not in a position to raise the point after his counsel stood by without objection when the judge charged the jury “that the character of the drug * * * as narcotics is not disputed by counsel for the defendant.”
Affirmed.

Question: What is the number of judges who voted in favor of the disposition favored by the majority?
A. 0
B. 1
C. 2
D. 3
E. 4
F. 5
G. 6
H. 7
I. 8
J. 9
K. 10
L. 11
M. 12
N. 13
O. 14
P. 15
Q. Not ascertained
Answer:

Answer: D