Task: songer_casetyp1_4-3

What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Your task is to identify the issue in the case, that is, the social and/or political context of the litigation in which more purely legal issues are argued. Put somewhat differently, this field identifies the nature of the conflict between the litigants. The focus here is on the subject matter of the controversy rather than its legal basis.
Your task is to determine the specific issue in the case within the broad category of "due process". 

DUFFY, Senior Circuit Judge.
Plaintiff seeks a declaratory judgment that the United States Civil Service Commission must accept his appeal and grant him a hearing on the merits of his “discharge” as a post office employee. The District Court entered an order dismissing the complaint on the ground that it lacked jurisdiction to grant the relief sought.
In September 1949, plaintiff was employed as a distribution clerk at the United States Post Office in Chicago. He worked there through August 2, 1962. On that date he signed papers resigning his position of employment.
On August 4 and December 9, 1962, and on January 17, 1963, plaintiff wrote to the United States Post Office Department seeking reinstatement to his position. These requests were denied in separate letters.
The first answer was from the acting postmaster stating — “Based upon your previous record, your request of August 4, 1962, for reinstatement will not be granted.” The second answer by the postmaster stated — “Based upon your previous record, your request for reinstatement, dated December 9, 1962, will not be granted.” The third answer was also by the postmaster and stated — “Your request for reinstatement, dated January 7, 1963, will not be granted, due to your previous unsatisfactory record.”
Plaintiff claims that on March 20, 1964, upon learning that the United States Civil Service Commission had authority over his resignation, he appealed to the Civil Service Commission, Chicago Regional office.
In his appeal, plaintiff stated he was questioned by two postal inspectors on August 2, 1962, and was advised that he had only two choices; either resign, or the inspectors would bring proceedings against him. Plaintiff charged he was not given any opportunity to consult with others as to the course he should take.
On March 23, 1964, the Regional Director of the Chicago Region of the Civil Service Commission answered, requesting additional information, including an inquiry as to why an earlier appeal had not been filed. Plaintiff replied setting forth events which he claimed occurred in connection with his resignation.
By letter dated April 10, 1964, defendant Connor, the Regional Director of the United States Civil Service Commission, informed the plaintiff that the normal time limit for acceptance of appeals by the Commission expires at the end of ten days from the effective date of the action appealed. The Commissioner stated this time limit could be extended by the Commission when it is established that circumstances beyond the control of the employee prevent him from filing an appeal within the ten-day period. The Regional Director then stated that plaintiff’s appeal, taken nineteen months after the date of the action being appealed, was not considered to have been filed within a reasonable time. He also stated — “Although you allege you were extremely busy working and training for a new career, this is not a sufficient reason for your delay in filing an appeal to the Commission.” The letter further stated that an appeal could be taken from the action of the Regional Director to the Board of Appeals and Review.
On April 13, 1964, the plaintiff appealed the adverse decision to the Board of Appeals and Review of the Civil Service Commission. By letter dated May 6, 1964, defendant Groak, Chairman of the Board of Appeals and Review, denied plaintiff’s appeal.
Although plaintiff seeks a declaratory judgment, the relief prayed for is in the nature of a writ of mandamus. Plaintiff asks this Court to decree that the United States Civil Service Commission must accept an appeal from plaintiff in this cause.
Before the District Court, plaintiff contended the Court had jurisdiction under the Tucker Act, 28 U.S.C. § 1346 (a) (2). Apparently, this claim has been abandoned, as no mention thereof is made in the amended complaint. In any event, that claim could not be sustained. Wells v. United States, 9 Cir., 280 F.2d 275, 277.
In the District Court, after the Government had objected that the individual members of the Civil Service Commission must be parties to the suit, the complaint was amended to name the Commissioners as party-defendants. However, no attempt was made to obtain service on any one of them.
The Supreme Court has considered this question in Blackmar v. Guerre, 342 U.S. 512, 72 S.Ct. 410, 96 L.Ed. 534. The Court said on page 515, 72 S.Ct. page 412: “Since the Civil Service Commission is not a corporate entity which Congress has authorized to be sued, a suit involving the action of the Commission generally must be brought against the individual Commissioners as members of the United States Civil Service Commission. No such suit was brought here, and no service was had upon the individuals comprising the Civil Service Commission. Therefore, neither the individuals comprising the Civil Service Commission nor the Commission as a suable entity was before the District Court.”
The Blackmar case also held that an action against, the Commissioners could be brought only in the District of Columbia. Congress has since extended the venue provisions so that suit may be brought in other districts. 28 U.S.C. § 1391(e). This section also provides for service “ * * * by certified mail beyond the territorial limits of the district in which the action is brought.” Thus, it is clear that the requirement of service upon the individual Commissioners is still essential, and that the amendment of the complaint to name them as defendants was not sufficient to confer jurisdiction. As was said by this Court in Rabiolo v. Weinstein, 7 Cir., 357 F.2d 167, 168, “ * * * the presence of venue does not dispense with the necessity for service in order to acquire personal jurisdiction.”
As a general proposition, in cases where there is an issue as to the voluntariness of the resignation of a government employee, we are of the view that the Civil Service Commission should hold a hearing unless such a hearing is barred by laches. See Dabney v. Freeman, 123 U.S.App.D.C. 166, 358 F.2d 533, 534-535. However, we do not reach that question in this case.
We are here confronted with the fact that the members of the United States Civil Service Commission were not served with process. Under the Blackmar case, we must hold that the District Court did not have any jurisdiction to order the United States Civil Service Commission to do anything. It follows that the District Court was correct in dismissing the amended complaint for want of jurisdiction.
Affirmed.

Question: What is the specific issue in the case within the general category of "due process"?
A. denial of fair hearing or notice - government employees (includes claims of terminated government workers)
B. denial of hearing or notice in non-employment context
C. taking clause (i.e., denial of due process under the "taking" clause of the 5th or 14th Amendments)
D. freedom of information act and other claims of rights of access (includes all cases involving dispute over requests for information even if it does not involve the freedom of information act)
E. other due process issues
Answer:

Answer: A