Task: songer_app_stid

What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Intervenors who participated as parties at the courts of appeals should be counted as either appellants or respondents when it can be determined whose position they supported. For example, if there were two plaintiffs who lost in district court, appealed, and were joined by four intervenors who also asked the court of appeals to reverse the district court, the number of appellants should be coded as six.
In some cases there is some confusion over who should be listed as the appellant and who as the respondent. This confusion is primarily the result of the presence of multiple docket numbers consolidated into a single appeal that is disposed of by a single opinion. Most frequently, this occurs when there are cross appeals and/or when one litigant sued (or was sued by) multiple litigants that were originally filed in district court as separate actions. The coding rule followed in such cases should be to go strictly by the designation provided in the title of the case. The first person listed in the title as the appellant should be coded as the appellant even if they subsequently appeared in a second docket number as the respondent and regardless of who was characterized as the appellant in the opinion.
To clarify the coding conventions, consider the following hypothetical case in which the US Justice Department sues a labor union to strike down a racially discriminatory seniority system and the corporation (siding with the position of its union) simultaneously sues the government to get an injunction to block enforcement of the relevant civil rights law. From a district court decision that consolidated the two suits and declared the seniority system illegal but refused to impose financial penalties on the union, the corporation appeals and the government and union file cross appeals from the decision in the suit brought by the government. Assume the case was listed in the Federal Reporter as follows:
United States of America,
Plaintiff, Appellant
v
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendant, Appellee.
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendants, Cross-appellants
v
United States of America.
Widgets, Inc. & Susan Kuersten Sheehan, President & Chairman
of the Board
Plaintiff, Appellants,
v
United States of America,
Defendant, Appellee.
This case should be coded as follows:Appellant = United States, Respondents = International Brotherhood of Widget Workers Widgets, Inc., Total number of appellants = 1, Number of appellants that fall into the category "the federal government, its agencies, and officials" = 1, Total number of respondents = 3, Number of respondents that fall into the category "private business and its executives" = 2, Number of respondents that fall into the category "groups and associations" = 1.
Your task is to identify the state of the first listed state or local government agency that is an appellant.

AINSWORTH, Circuit Judge:
On January 2, 1964, Phillip Reagan, an employee of the appellant employer, sustained an injury in the course of his employment when he was drawn into a truss roll press being operated without an appropriate safety device. Appellant, in compliance with the Florida Workmen’s Compensation Act, furnished compensation and medical benefits to its employee through its insurance carrier. In April 1965, employee Reagan instituted an action in the Circuit Court for Dade County, Florida, for damages for his injuries, against the Idaeo Engineering and Equipment Company, the manufacturer of the truss roll press, alleging that it was negligent in the construction of the machine. The case was removed to the United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida, jurisdiction resting upon diversity of citizenship.
On January 24, 1967, the Trial Judge granted the manufacturer’s motion for leave to file a third party complaint, and by this complaint, the manufacturer sought indemnity from the appellant employer for such damages as it might be compelled to pay the plaintiff employee. The third party complaint alleged that the employer had ignored safety regulations by making certain safety devices ineffective, and that this had caused the employee’s injuries. The employer moved for summary judgment on the ground that it was immune from liability for damages by virtue of the exclusive remedy provision of the Florida Workmen’s Compensation Act. The District Court denied the employer’s motion. However, it entered an order, pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1292(b), staying the proceedings and authorizing the employer to petition this Court for leave to appeal from an interlocutory order, the District Court having found that the order involved “a controlling question of law as to which there is substantial ground for difference of opinion and that an immediate appeal from the order may materially advance the ultimate termination of the litigation * * 28 U.S.C. § 1292(b). On May 22, 1968, a panel of this Court granted appellant’s petition for leave to appeal.
The question for decision is whether under Florida law an employer may be liable for indemnity to a third party, who has been sued by an injured employee, where the employer has paid his employee pursuant to the Workmen’s Compensation Law and where, it is alleged, the employer’s negligence primarily was responsible for the employee’s injury. We are thus called upon to define the scope of the exclusive remedy provision of the Florida Workmen’s Compensation Act:
“The liability of an employer prescribed [by the Workmen’s Compensation Act] * * * shall be exclusive and in place of all other liability of such employer to the employee, his legal representative, husband or wife, parents, dependents, next of kin, and anyone otherwise entitled to recover damages from such employer at law or in admiralty on account of such injury or death * * § 440.11, Florida Statutes Annotated 1966.
At our direction, the parties have filed comprehensive supplementary briefs, but significantly, counsel have cited to us no Florida decision on the precise question involved herein. Nor has our own extensive research enabled us to find any Florida authority, direct or indirect, on the subject. Indeed, our own research indicates that there is a split of authority among state and federal courts, and that often the cases have turned on the peculiar provisions applicable in a state workmen’s compensation act.
As an Frie-bound Court, we are obliged to follow the Florida appellate decisions in diversity matters, and if there are no decisions on point, we may make an educated guess as to what the Florida courts would decide if this case were presented to them. However, there is available to us the right to submit by certification the statutory issues raised by this case to the Florida Supreme Court for an authoritative opinion. See, e. g., Gaston v. Pittman, 5 Cir., 1969, 405 F.2d 869. We are convinced that the latter course would be the best way to dispose of the present case since we have no guidelines under existing Florida jurisprudence to assist us in making a determination, and since our interpretation of the exclusive remedy provision of the Florida Workmen’s Compensation Act would have a significant state-wide impact.
Accordingly, counsel for the parties are directed to prepare and submit jointly to the Court, within 21 days of the date hereof, a formulation of the exact legal question which they recommend we shall certify to the Florida Supreme Court under § 25.031, Florida Statutes Annotated 1961, and Rule 4.61, Florida Appellate Rules, 32 F.S.A., and which will cover the issues here involved.
It is so ordered.
. Florida courts recognize tlie legal theory of indemnity “ * * * where although both parties are at fault and both liable to the person injured, such as an employee of one of them, yet they are not in pari delicto as to each other * * *, so that as between themselves, the act or omission of the one from whom indemnity is sought is the primary cause of the injury. * * * ” Seaboard Air Line Ry. Co. v. American District Electric Protective Co., 106 Fla. 330, 143 So. 316 (1932). Eor an excellent general discussion of this problem, see Winn-Dixie Stores, Inc. v. Fellows, Fla. App., 153 So.2d 45 (1963). However, the decisions applying an indemnity theory were not workmen’s compensation cases, and thus they do not solve the difficult question of whether indemnity will lie against an employer whose exclusive liability, so far as the injured employee is concerned, is in workmen’s compensation and not tort.
. According to a recent survey, 11 states have allowed indemnity actions against employers covered by workmen’s compensation acts, while 11 states, including some in the former list, have decisions disallowing contribution or indemnity against an employer obligated to pay workmen’s compensation. Blair, Reference Guide to Workmen’s Compensation Law § 24.06 (1968). See generally Note, Contributions and Indemnity: The Effect of Workmen’s Compensation Acts, 42 Va.L.Rev. 959 (1956) ; 2 Larson, Workmen’s Compensation Law § 76.10 (Cum.Supp. 1967). See, e. g., Fidelity & Casualty Co. of New York v. J. A. Jones Const. Co., 8 Cir., 1963, 325 F.2d 605; Yale & Towne Manufacturing Co. v. J. Ray McDermott Co., 5 Cir., 1965, 347 F.2d 371; American District Telegraph Co. v. Kittleson, 8 Cir., 1950, 179 F.2d 946; Slattery v. Marra Bros., 2 Cir., 1951, 186 F.2d 134; Kipka v. Chicago & Northwestern Railway Company, D.Minn., 1968, 289 F.Supp. 750; Ranta v. Bethlehem Steel Corporation, D.Conn., 1968, 287 F.Supp. 111.

Question: What is the state of the first listed state or local government agency that is an appellant?
年. not
数. Alabama
日. Alaska
的. Arizona
月. Arkansas
用. California
成. Colorado
名. Connecticut
时. Delaware
件. Florida
一. Georgia
请. Hawaii
中. Idaho
据. Illinois
码. Indiana
不. Iowa
新. Kansas
文. Kentucky
下. Louisiana
分. Maine
入. Maryland
人. Massachussets
功. Michigan
上. Minnesota
户. Mississippi
为. Missouri
间. Montana
号. Nebraska
取. Nevada
回. New
在. New
页. New
字. New
有. North
个. North
作. Ohio
示. Oklahoma
出. Oregon
是. Pennsylvania
失. Rhode
表. South
除. South
加. Tennessee
败. Texas
生. Utah
信. Vermont
类. Virginia
置. Washington
理. West
本. Wisconsin
息. Wyoming
行. Virgin
定. Puerto
改. District
市. Guam
期. not
以. Panama
Answer:

Answer: 年