Task: songer_appnatpr

What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Intervenors who participated as parties at the courts of appeals should be counted as either appellants or respondents when it can be determined whose position they supported. For example, if there were two plaintiffs who lost in district court, appealed, and were joined by four intervenors who also asked the court of appeals to reverse the district court, the number of appellants should be coded as six.
In some cases there is some confusion over who should be listed as the appellant and who as the respondent. This confusion is primarily the result of the presence of multiple docket numbers consolidated into a single appeal that is disposed of by a single opinion. Most frequently, this occurs when there are cross appeals and/or when one litigant sued (or was sued by) multiple litigants that were originally filed in district court as separate actions. The coding rule followed in such cases should be to go strictly by the designation provided in the title of the case. The first person listed in the title as the appellant should be coded as the appellant even if they subsequently appeared in a second docket number as the respondent and regardless of who was characterized as the appellant in the opinion.
To clarify the coding conventions, consider the following hypothetical case in which the US Justice Department sues a labor union to strike down a racially discriminatory seniority system and the corporation (siding with the position of its union) simultaneously sues the government to get an injunction to block enforcement of the relevant civil rights law. From a district court decision that consolidated the two suits and declared the seniority system illegal but refused to impose financial penalties on the union, the corporation appeals and the government and union file cross appeals from the decision in the suit brought by the government. Assume the case was listed in the Federal Reporter as follows:
United States of America,
Plaintiff, Appellant
v
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendant, Appellee.
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendants, Cross-appellants
v
United States of America.
Widgets, Inc. & Susan Kuersten Sheehan, President & Chairman
of the Board
Plaintiff, Appellants,
v
United States of America,
Defendant, Appellee.
This case should be coded as follows:Appellant = United States, Respondents = International Brotherhood of Widget Workers Widgets, Inc., Total number of appellants = 1, Number of appellants that fall into the category "the federal government, its agencies, and officials" = 1, Total number of respondents = 3, Number of respondents that fall into the category "private business and its executives" = 2, Number of respondents that fall into the category "groups and associations" = 1.
Note that if an individual is listed by name, but their appearance in the case is as a government official, then they should be counted as a government rather than as a private person. For example, in the case "Billy Jones & Alfredo Ruiz v Joe Smith" where Smith is a state prisoner who brought a civil rights suit against two of the wardens in the prison (Jones & Ruiz), the following values should be coded: number of appellants that fall into the category "natural persons" =0 and number that fall into the category "state governments, their agencies, and officials" =2. A similar logic should be applied to businesses and associations. Officers of a company or association whose role in the case is as a representative of their company or association should be coded as being a business or association rather than as a natural person. However, employees of a business or a government who are suing their employer should be coded as natural persons. Likewise, employees who are charged with criminal conduct for action that was contrary to the company policies should be considered natural persons.
If the title of a case listed a corporation by name and then listed the names of two individuals that the opinion indicated were top officers of the same corporation as the appellants, then the number of appellants should be coded as three and all three were coded as a business (with the identical detailed code). Similar logic should be applied when government officials or officers of an association were listed by name.
Your specific task is to determine the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "natural persons". If the total number cannot be determined (e.g., if the appellant is listed as "Smith, et. al." and the opinion does not specify who is included in the "et.al."), then answer 99.

PER CURIAM.
After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist the determination of this appeal. See Fed.R.App.P. 34(a); 10th Cir.R. 34.1.9. The case is therefore ordered submitted without oral argument.
Plaintiff-appellant Skidmore, Owings & Merrill (SOM) appeals the district court’s order granting summary judgment in favor of defendants-appellees Canada Life Assurance Company and Confederation Life Insurance Company (the Life companies). SOM brought suit against the Life companies asserting they are liable to it as the parent companies of Dover Park Development Corporation and Dover Park Development Corporation, Ltd. (the Dover entities). Specifically, SOM sought to pierce the corporate veil of the Life companies in order to receive payment for architectural services it performed for the Dover entities in Denver, Colorado. The factual background of this case is set forth in detail in the district court’s opinion. Skidmore, Owings & Merrill v. Canada Life Assurance Co., 706 F.Supp. 758, 759-60 (D.Colo.1989). Therefore, we will repeat only those facts necessary for resolving the issue presented.
' In 1982 and 1983, SOM provided architectural services to the Dover entities but was not paid due to those companies’ insolvency. SOM ultimately obtained a sizeable state court judgment against the Dover entities, which it now seeks to enforce against the Life companies as parent corporations. Specifically, SOM asserts the Life companies undercapitalized the Dover entities and exerted such control over them that piercing the corporate veil is appropriate. Further, it argues that genuine issues of fact exist which preclude the entry of summary judgment. We disagree, and affirm.
The Life companies organized the Dover entities as a “developmental arm” and contributed five million dollars each to their initial capitalization. They each retained one seat on the Dover Park Board of Directors and controlled 17.9% of the company stock. In 1984, after the financial collapse of the Dover entities, the Life companies infused them with additional capital and paid various creditors. Despite the financial condition of the Dover entities, SOM was not told to stop work on the project.
DISCUSSION
We review the grant of summary judgment de novo, in the same manner used by the district court. Abercrombie v. City of Catoosa, 896 F.2d 1228, 1230 (10th Cir.1990). Pursuant to Fed.R.Civ.P. 56(c), summary judgment is appropriate only where there are no genuine issues of fact and one party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 322, 106 S.Ct. 2548, 2552, 91 L.Ed.2d 265 (1986). Under this standard, the mere existence of some factual dispute will not defeat a motion for summary judgment. Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 247-8, 106 S.Ct. 2505, 2509-10, 91 L.Ed.2d 202 (1986). Rather, the factual dispute must be genuine and material to the issues presented. Id. In reviewing the grant of summary judgment in a suit based on diversity jurisdiction, we apply the law of the forum. See Lowell Staats Mining Co. v. Pioneer Uravan, Inc., 878 F.2d 1259, 1262 (10th Cir.1989) (applying Colorado law). Here, we apply the law of Colorado.
Absent circumstances justifying disregard of the corporate form, a parent company is treated as a legal entity separate from the subsidiary. See Quarles v. Fuqua Indus., Inc., 504 F.2d 1358, 1362 (10th Cir.1974); see also New Sheridan Hotel & Bar, Ltd. v. Commercial Leasing Corp., Inc., 645 P.2d 868, 869 (Colo.App.1982) (in order to pierce the corporate veil, one company must be an instrumentality of the other). Disregarding the corporate form is a drastic remedy. This court recently stated, “[Cjorporate veils exist for a reason and should be pierced only reluctantly and cautiously. The law permits the incorporation of businesses for the very purpose of isolating liabilities among separate entities.” Cascade Energy & Metals Corp. v. Banks, 896 F.2d 1557, 1576 (10th Cir.1990). In analyzing whether to allow disregard of the corporate form, we look for the existence of the following factors:
(1) The parent corporation owns all or majority of the capital stock of the subsidiary. (2) The parent and subsidiary corporations have common directors or officers. (3) The parent corporation finances the subsidiary. (4) The parent corporation subscribes to all the capital stock of the subsidiary or otherwise causes its incorporation. (5) The subsidiary has grossly inadequate capital. (6) The parent corporation pays the salaries or expenses or losses of the subsidiary. (7) The subsidiary has substantially no business except with the parent corporation or no assets except those conveyed to it by the parent corporation. (8) In the papers of the parent corporation, and in the statements of its officers, ‘the subsidiary’ is referred to as such or as a department or division. (9) The directors or executives of the subsidiary do not act independently in the interest of the subsidiary but take direction from the parent corporation. (10) The formal legal requirements of the subsidiary as a separate and independent corporation are not observed.
Lowell Staats, 878 F.2d at 1262-63, (quoting Fish v. East, 114 F.2d 177, 191 (10th Cir.1940)) (applying Colorado law).
Our exhaustive review of the record in this case reveals the district court’s ruling on the motion for summary judgment was correct. Once a summary judgment motion is properly supported, the burden shifts to the opposing party to submit specific facts to show granting the motion is inappropriate. Anderson, 477 U.S. at 250, 106 S.Ct. at 2511. SOM failed to sustain that burden here. Despite the existence of a substantial record, SOM has failed to raise any genuine issues of fact which could defeat summary judgment. While we note the Life companies and Dover entities may have used poor judgment in not advising SOM of the financial condition of the Dover companies, their actions and the relationship fall well below the threshold for imposing the drastic remedy of piercing the corporate veil. As we stated in Lowell Staats, “[t]he possibility that Staats may have difficulty enforcing a judgment against [the defendant] alone is not the type of injustice that warrants piercing the corporate veil”. 878 F.2d at 1265. Accordingly, the judgment of the United States District Court for the District of Colorado is AFFIRMED.

Question: What is the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "natural persons"? Answer with a number.
Answer:

Answer: 0