Task: songer_casetyp2_geniss

What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Your task is to identify the issue in the case, that is, the social and/or political context of the litigation in which more purely legal issues are argued. Put somewhat differently, this field identifies the nature of the conflict between the litigants. The focus here is on the subject matter of the controversy rather than its legal basis.
There are two main issues in this case. The first issue is criminal - state offense - robbery. Your task is to determine the second issue in the case. Consider the following categories: "criminal" (including appeals of conviction, petitions for post conviction relief, habeas corpus petitions, and other prisoner petitions which challenge the validity of the conviction or the sentence), "civil rights" (excluding First Amendment or due process; also excluding claims of denial of rights in criminal proceeding or claims by prisoners that challenge their conviction or their sentence (e.g., habeas corpus petitions are coded under the criminal category); does include civil suits instituted by both prisoners and callable non-prisoners alleging denial of rights by criminal justice officials), "First Amendment", "due process" (claims in civil cases by persons other than prisoners, does not include due process challenges to government economic regulation), "privacy", "labor relations", "economic activity and regulation", and "miscellaneous".

PER CURIAM:
The district court denied the petition of Buehannon, a Florida state prisoner, for a writ of habeas corpus. We affirm.
The appellant was convicted upon trial by jury of robbery and assault with intent to commit first degree murder and was sentenced to concurrent terms of 35 and 20 years, respectively. The conviction was affirmed on direct appeal. Buchannon v. Wainwright, Fla.App. 1970, 239 So.2d 608.
In his habeas petition filed below, appellant alleged several grounds for relief. First he alleged that he was initially arrested pursuant to a justice of the peace warrant, but after a preliminary hearing it was found there was no probable cause for the arrest and he was released. Subsequently the state attorney filed an information against appellant, he was again arrested, and proceeded to trial without a preliminary hearing. Appellant contends he was illegally rearrested and was illegally denied a second preliminary hearing. The contentions are without merit. The state was obviously within its rights to file an information after appellant was initially released. There is nothing in the state law which requires a preliminary hearing after an information has been filed. Also, appellant has no constitutional right to a preliminary hearing. Jackson v. Smith, 5th Cir. 1970, 435 F.2d 1284; Scarbrough v. Dutton, 5th Cir. 1968, 393 F.2d 6.
Appellant contended that his convictions are invalid because he was prosecuted on a bill of information and not on an indictment. The states are free to proceed on an information since the indictment clause of the constitution is not applicable to the states. Gaines v. Washington, 1928, 277 U.S. 81, 48 S.Ct. 468, 72 L.Ed. 793; Hurtado v. California, 1884, 110 U.S. 516, 4 S.Ct. 111, 292, 28 L.Ed. 232; Henderson v. Cronvich, 5th Cir. 1968, 402 F.2d 763. He also contended that the trial court erred in admitting conflicting testimony and admitting evidence regarding a pistol owned by appellant. A state court’s rulings on admissibility of evidence do not present grounds for federal review. Lisenba v. California, 1941, 314 U.S. 219, 62 S.Ct. 280, 86 L.Ed. 166; Pleas v. Wainwright, 5th Cir. 1971, 441 F.2d 56; Williams v. Wainwright, 5th Cir. 1970, 427 F.2d 921.
Appellant contended that his sentence is excessive because his co-defendants received lower sentences. This likewise presents no grounds for federal habeas corpus relief. United States v. Harbolt, 5th Cir. 1972, 455 F.2d 970; Rodriquez v. United States, 5th Cir. 1968, 394 F.2d 825. He also alleged that a determination of the voluntariness of his confession was not made by the trial court. The district court found that no confession or statement was introduced as evidence against him. A review of the trial transcript reveals no clear error in that finding. Finally, appellant contended that housewives and 18-20 year olds were excluded from his jury. Appellant stated only a conclusion, offering no factual allegations to support that conclusion.
There being no merit to appellant’s contentions, the judgment below is affirmed.
Affirmed.

Question: What is the second general issue in the case, other than criminal - state offense - robbery?
A. criminal
B. civil rights
C. First Amendment
D. due process
E. privacy
F. labor relations
G. economic activity and regulation
H. miscellaneous
Answer:

Answer: A