Task: songer_appel1_7_5

What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Intervenors who participated as parties at the courts of appeals should be counted as either appellants or respondents when it can be determined whose position they supported. For example, if there were two plaintiffs who lost in district court, appealed, and were joined by four intervenors who also asked the court of appeals to reverse the district court, the number of appellants should be coded as six.
When coding the detailed nature of participants, use your personal knowledge about the participants, if you are completely confident of the accuracy of your knowledge, even if the specific information is not in the opinion. For example, if "IBM" is listed as the appellant it could be classified as "clearly national or international in scope" even if the opinion did not indicate the scope of the business. 

Your task concerns the first listed appellant. The nature of this litigant falls into the category "natural person (excludes persons named in their official capacity or who appear because of a role in a private organization)". Your task is to determine which of these categories best describes the income of the litigant. Consider the following categories: "not ascertained", "poor + wards of state" (e.g., patients at state mental hospital; not prisoner unless specific indication that poor), "presumed poor" (e.g., migrant farm worker), "presumed wealthy" (e.g., high status job - like medical doctors, executives of corporations that are national in scope, professional athletes in the NBA or NFL; upper 1/5 of income bracket), "clear indication of wealth in opinion", "other - above poverty line but not clearly wealthy" (e.g., public school teachers, federal government employees)." Note that "poor" means below the federal poverty line; e.g., welfare or food stamp recipients. There must be some specific indication in the opinion that you can point to before anyone is classified anything other than "not ascertained". Prisoners filing "pro se" were classified as poor, but litigants in civil cases who proceed pro se were not presumed to be poor. Wealth obtained from the crime at issue in a criminal case was not counted when determining the wealth of the criminal defendant (e.g., drug dealers).

PER CURIAM.
This appeal is considered pursuant to Sixth Circuit Rule 3(e).
Carl Ray Burrows appeals from the dismissal of his petition for a writ of habeas corpus. He was indicted for the crimes of aggravated burglary and theft in violation of §§ 2911.11 and 2913.02, Ohio Revised Code. While represented by counsel, he withdrew his initial plea of not guilty and entered a plea of guilty to the charge of theft, whereupon the aggravated burglary charge was dismissed. The petition of Burrows for a writ of habeas corpus was dismissed by the Supreme Court of Ohio on February 20, 1976.
The claimed constitutional deprivation was that the indictment against Burrows did not comply with Ohio Const. art. IV, § 20, in that it failed to conclude with the words “[A]gainst the peace and dignity of the State of Ohio."
In dismissing the petition, District Judge Joseph P. Kinneary correctly held that allegations of technical defects in the indictment fail to state a claim for federal habeas corpus relief. Knewel v. Egan, 268 U.S. 442, 446, 45 S.Ct. 522, 69 L.Ed. 1036 (1925); Kimbro v. Bomar, 333 F.2d 755, 757 (6th Cir. 1964).
Judge Kinneary further held that a guilty plea represents a break in the chain of events which preceded it in the criminal process. This precludes Burrows from raising independent claims relating to the deprivation of constitutional rights which occurred prior to the entry of the guilty plea. Tollett v. Henderson, 411 U.S. 258, 93 S.Ct. 1602, 36 L.Ed.2d 235 (1973); Brady v. United States, 397 U.S. 742, 90 S.Ct. 1463, 25 L.Ed.2d 747 (1970); McMann v. Richardson, 397 U.S. 759, 90 S.Ct. 1441, 25 L.Ed.2d 763 (1970); Parker v. North Carolina, 397 U.S. 790, 90 S.Ct. 1458, 25 L.Ed.2d 785 (1970).
Finally, Burrows asserts that he has been deprived of effective assistance of counsel. This contention has never been litigated in the State courts and Burrows has not exhausted his State remedies as required by 28 U.S.C. § 2254(b). A post conviction remedy is available to him in the State courts under § 2953.21, Ohio Rev. Code, despite the fact that his conviction was upon a guilty plea. Steed v. Salisbury, 459 F.2d 475 (6th Cir. 1972); State v. Hester, 45 Ohio St.2d 71, 341 N.E.2d 304 (1976); State v. Mishelek, 42 Ohio St.2d 140, 326 N.E.2d 659 (1975); State v. Milanovich, 42 Ohio St.2d 46, 325 N.E.2d 540 (1975).
It is manifest that the questions on which the decision of this cause depends are so unsubstantial as not to need further argument. Sixth Circuit Rule 8.
Accordingly, the judgment of the District Court dismissing the petition is affirmed.
. (e) Docket Control. In the interest of docket control, the chief judge may from time to time, in his discretion, appoint a panel or panels to review pending cases for appropriate assignment or disposition under Rule 7(e), 8 or 9 or any other rule of this court.

Question: This question concerns the first listed appellant. The nature of this litigant falls into the category "natural person (excludes persons named in their official capacity or who appear because of a role in a private organization)". Which of these categories best describes the income of the litigant?
A. not ascertained
B. poor + wards of state
C. presumed poor
D. presumed wealthy
E. clear indication of wealth in opinion
F. other - above poverty line but not clearly wealthy
Answer:

Answer: B