Task: songer_direct1

What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Your task is to determine the ideological directionality of the court of appeals decision, coded as "liberal" or "conservative". Consider liberal in suits against management, for union, individual worker, or government in suit against management; in government enforcement of labor laws, for the federal government or the validity of federal regulations; in Executive branch vs union or workers, for executive branch; in worker vs union (non-civil rights), for union; in conflicts between rival union, for union which opposed by management and "not ascertained" if neither union supported by management or if unclear; in injured workers or consumers vs management, against management; in other labor issues, for economic underdog if no civil rights issue is present; for support of person claiming denial of civil rights. Consider the directionality to be "mixed" if the directionality of the decision was intermediate to the extremes defined above or if the decision was mixed (e.g., the conviction of defendant in a criminal trial was affirmed on one count but reversed on a second count or if the conviction was afirmed but the sentence was reduced). Consider "not ascertained" if the directionality could not be determined or if the outcome could not be classified according to any conventional outcome standards.

MAGRUDER, Circuit Judge.
These three cases involve the same point and were heard together. They relate to claims by the plaintiff employees for the statutory overtime compensation.
Since the amount in controversy, exclusive of interest and costs, exceeds $5,000, this court has jurisdiction of the appeals. However, on such appeals we are admonished that we should not reverse the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico in a matter of local law unless that court’s determination is “inescapably wrong” or “patently erroneous.” Sancho Bonet v. Texas Co., 308 U.S. 463, 60 S.Ct. 349, 84 L.Ed. 401 (1940); De Castro v. Board of Commissioners, 322 U.S. 451, 64 S.Ct. 1121, 88 L.Ed. 1384 (1944).
There is no doubt that, as applied to the sugar industry in Puerto Rico, both the Federal Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 and the Commonwealth laws are applicable to some extent, but the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico decided these cases solely by interpreting the provisions of the local laws. No question is raised by appellants as to the correctness of the decision of the court that these cases should be governed by the local laws, either because of 29 U.S.C.A. § 207(c),. providing that the overtime provisions of the federal statute are inapplicable to employees engaged in the processing of sugar cane into sugar, or because of the provisions of 29 U.S.C.A. § 218. At any rate the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico has held, in judgments rendered May 17, 1961, that the cases are governed by the principles laid down in Laborde v. Eastern Sugar Associates, 81 P.R.R. 468 (1959), also decided solely on the ground of the local law.
The courts of the United States have had enough trouble with the so-called Belo type of case, perhaps due to the lack of precision by the legislature in defining what is meant in § 207(a) by “regular rate” of pay. See Mitchell v. Brandtjen & Kluge, Inc., 228 F.2d 291 (C.A. 1st, 1955). We could not possibly hold that a determination by the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico on the matter of its local law is “inescapably wrong.”
Judgments will be entered affirming the judgments of the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico.

Question: What is the ideological directionality of the court of appeals decision?
A. conservative
B. liberal
C. mixed
D. not ascertained
Answer:

Answer: A