Task: songer_r_bus

What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Intervenors who participated as parties at the courts of appeals should be counted as either appellants or respondents when it can be determined whose position they supported. For example, if there were two plaintiffs who lost in district court, appealed, and were joined by four intervenors who also asked the court of appeals to reverse the district court, the number of appellants should be coded as six.
In some cases there is some confusion over who should be listed as the appellant and who as the respondent. This confusion is primarily the result of the presence of multiple docket numbers consolidated into a single appeal that is disposed of by a single opinion. Most frequently, this occurs when there are cross appeals and/or when one litigant sued (or was sued by) multiple litigants that were originally filed in district court as separate actions. The coding rule followed in such cases should be to go strictly by the designation provided in the title of the case. The first person listed in the title as the appellant should be coded as the appellant even if they subsequently appeared in a second docket number as the respondent and regardless of who was characterized as the appellant in the opinion.
To clarify the coding conventions, consider the following hypothetical case in which the US Justice Department sues a labor union to strike down a racially discriminatory seniority system and the corporation (siding with the position of its union) simultaneously sues the government to get an injunction to block enforcement of the relevant civil rights law. From a district court decision that consolidated the two suits and declared the seniority system illegal but refused to impose financial penalties on the union, the corporation appeals and the government and union file cross appeals from the decision in the suit brought by the government. Assume the case was listed in the Federal Reporter as follows:
United States of America,
Plaintiff, Appellant
v
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendant, Appellee.
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendants, Cross-appellants
v
United States of America.
Widgets, Inc. & Susan Kuersten Sheehan, President & Chairman
of the Board
Plaintiff, Appellants,
v
United States of America,
Defendant, Appellee.
This case should be coded as follows:Appellant = United States, Respondents = International Brotherhood of Widget Workers Widgets, Inc., Total number of appellants = 1, Number of appellants that fall into the category "the federal government, its agencies, and officials" = 1, Total number of respondents = 3, Number of respondents that fall into the category "private business and its executives" = 2, Number of respondents that fall into the category "groups and associations" = 1.
Note that if an individual is listed by name, but their appearance in the case is as a government official, then they should be counted as a government rather than as a private person. For example, in the case "Billy Jones & Alfredo Ruiz v Joe Smith" where Smith is a state prisoner who brought a civil rights suit against two of the wardens in the prison (Jones & Ruiz), the following values should be coded: number of appellants that fall into the category "natural persons" =0 and number that fall into the category "state governments, their agencies, and officials" =2. A similar logic should be applied to businesses and associations. Officers of a company or association whose role in the case is as a representative of their company or association should be coded as being a business or association rather than as a natural person. However, employees of a business or a government who are suing their employer should be coded as natural persons. Likewise, employees who are charged with criminal conduct for action that was contrary to the company policies should be considered natural persons.
If the title of a case listed a corporation by name and then listed the names of two individuals that the opinion indicated were top officers of the same corporation as the appellants, then the number of appellants should be coded as three and all three were coded as a business (with the identical detailed code). Similar logic should be applied when government officials or officers of an association were listed by name.
Your specific task is to determine the total number of respondents in the case that fall into the category "private business and its executives". If the total number cannot be determined (e.g., if the respondent is listed as "Smith, et. al." and the opinion does not specify who is included in the "et.al."), then answer 99.

PER CURIAM.
Petitioner, a black defendant charged with a violent crime involving white victims, sought a writ of habeas corpus on the ground that the failure of the state trial judge to question prospective jurors on the subject of racial prejudice violated his constitutional rights as enunciated in Ham v. South Carolina, 409 U.S. 524, 93 S.Ct. 848, 35 L.Ed.2d 46 (1973). The district court held that the factual circumstances in petitioner’s case came “within the mandate of Ham, as interpreted” by our opinion in Ross v. Ristaino, 508 F.2d 754 (1st Cir. 1974), and granted the writ. The government appeals.
The facts are clearly set forth in the opinion of the district court. Dukes v. Waitkevitch, 393 F.Supp. 253 (D.Mass.1975). Petitioner was tried in Suffolk Superior Court in May, 1972 on two counts of rape, three counts of kidnapping, and four counts each of assault with a dangerous weapon and armed robbery. Specifically, petitioner was charged with being in a group of seven or eight black youths who accosted two young white couples in the Fenway at night. The victims testified that they were robbed, and both women testified they were raped at knifepoint by the petitioner. Although no arrests were made at the scene, petitioner was identified a month later through an apparently chance sighting of him by the victims in Roxbury Municipal Court. Id. at 254.
Prior to trial the judge denied petitioner’s request to have various questions regarding racial prejudice posed to the prospective jurors. The judge did, however, inform the veniremen of the type of crimes the case involved; he also told them that the defendants were black and the victims white; that they were not to consider the race of the defendants or victims in arriving at their verdict; and that bias and prejudice were not to influence their decision in the case. The jury finally selected consisted of fourteen whites and two blacks. Each jur- or was asked the usual questions required by state law, including one asking whether the juror was “sensible of any bias or prejudice” in the case. See id. at 254 & n. 3. Petitioner was convicted on all charges. The issue of the trial judge’s failure to question the prospective jurors specifically on the subject of racial prejudice was raised on appeal. The Massachusetts Appeals Court affirmed the conviction, holding that the requirement of Ham v. South Carolina was met by the trial judge’s general remarks to the veniremen prior to the selection of the jury. Commonwealth v. Cofield, 305 N.E.2d 858, 861 (Mass.App.Ct.1974). After the Supreme Judicial Court turned down petitioner’s request for further appellate review, the district court entertained petitioner’s application for a writ of habeas corpus. The government appealed the grant of the writ, and on September 10, 1975, we stayed the appeal pending disposition of our decision in Ross v. Ristaino, supra, then under review by the Supreme Court.
In Ross we held that a defendant’s entitlement under Ham to have jurors interrogated during voir dire on the issue of racial bias was applicable to a case involving a crime of violence by a black defendant against a white security officer. 508 F.2d 754, 756-57. In the instant case the district court similarly held that Ham was applicable because “[a]s in Ross, the operative circumstances involved interracial violence.” Dukes v. Waitkevitch, supra, at 255.
Subsequently, however, the Supreme Court reversed our decision in Ross on the ground that “the circumstances did not suggest a significant likelihood that racial prejudice might infect Ross’ trial.” Ristaino v. Ross, 44 U.S.L.W. 4305, 4308, 424 U.S. 589, 598, 96 S.Ct. 1017, 1022, 47 L.Ed.2d 258 (1976). The Court emphasized that due to the specific factors present in Ham — viz. the defendant’s “prominence in the community as a civil rights activist” and his defense “that he had been framed [due to] his civil rights activities” — “racial issues . . . were inextricably bound up with the conduct of the trial” and “any prejudice that individual members of the jury might harbor” was therefore likely to be intensified. Id. The Court distinguished the situation in Ross from that in Ham, holding that “[t]he mere fact that the victim of the crimes alleged was a white man and the defendants were Negroes was less likely to distort the trial than were the special factors involved in Ham.” Id. While the Court indicated that under its supervisory power over federal trial courts it would require voir dire questions directed to racial prejudice if requested by a defendant, it held that the need to question veniremen specifically on this issue did not rise to constitutional dimensions in a state case such as Ross. Id. at 4308 & n. 9, 424 U.S. 589, 96 S.Ct. 1017.
Petitioner contends that, unlike Ross, his case presents “racial factors ... of comparable significance,” 44 U.S.L.W. at 4308, 424 U.S. 589, 96 S.Ct. 1017, to those in Ham. He claims that, in contrast to other violent crimes by blacks against whites, charges of interracial rape have historically exacerbated racial prejudices to an unusual degree. See, e. g., Shepherd v. Florida, 341 U.S. 50, 71 S.Ct. 549, 95 L.Ed. 740 (1951) (Jackson & Frankfurter, JJ., concurring). We do not read Ross to accord leeway for such distinctions. Cases suggested by the Court as similar to Ham are those in which the charges and defenses explicitly implicate racial issues, and not those which involve racial prejudice, by inference, through the identities of the parties. It was not, according to Ross, the confrontation between persons of different races which required voir dire questioning in Ham, see 44 U.S.L.W. at 4306, 424 U.S. 589, 96 S.Ct. 1017. Rather, it was the racial overtones of Ham’s civil rights activism and his “frame-up” defense — discrete trial issues “[which] were likely to intensify any prejudice that individual members of the jury might harbor.” 44 U.S.L.W. at 4308, 424 U.S. at 597, 96 S.Ct. at 1021. While interracial rape may be a classic catalyst of racial prejudice, the prejudice inheres in the identities of parties and victims and not in the specific issues. We hold therefore that Ross dictates that the order of the district court granting the writ of habeas corpus must be reversed.
So ordered.
The decision of the Appeals Court was made prior to our opinion in Ross v. Ristaino, supra.

Question: What is the total number of respondents in the case that fall into the category "private business and its executives"? Answer with a number.
Answer:

Answer: 0