Task: songer_attyfee

What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals. You will be asked a question pertaining to issues that may appear in any civil law cases including civil government, civil private, and diversity cases. The issue is: "Did the court's ruling on attorneys' fees favor the appellant?" Answer the question based on the directionality of the appeals court decision. If the court discussed the issue in its opinion and answered the related question in the affirmative, answer "Yes". If the issue was discussed and the opinion answered the question negatively, answer "No". If the opinion considered the question but gave a mixed answer, supporting the respondent in part and supporting the appellant in part, answer "Mixed answer". If the opinion does not discuss the issue, or notes that a particular issue was raised by one of the litigants but the court dismissed the issue as frivolous or trivial or not worthy of discussion for some other reason, answer "Issue not discussed". If the opinion considered the question but gave a "mixed" answer, supporting the respondent in part and supporting the appellant in part (or if two issues treated separately by the court both fell within the area covered by one question and the court answered one question affirmatively and one negatively), answer "Mixed answer". If the opinion either did not consider or discuss the issue at all or if the opinion indicates that this issue was not worthy of consideration by the court of appeals even though it was discussed by the lower court or was raised in one of the briefs, answer "Issue not discussed".

PRETTYMAN, Circuit Judge.
These are four appeals from judgments of the District Court dismissing complaints in civil actions. The actions were brought by natives of China who arrived in the United States at various dates seeking admission. They were paroled into the United States in exclusion proceedings. Thereafter they were ordered excluded and deported to the place whence they came, which was Hong Kong. They claim that deportation to Hong Kong is in fact deportation to Communist China and that if sent there they will be subject to physical persecution. They seek the benefit of Section 243(h) of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952, which provides:
“The Attorney General is authorized to withhold deportation of any alien within the United States to any country in which in his opinion the alien would be subject to physical persecution and for such period of time as he deems to be necessary for such reason.”
The Government says the appellants are not “within the United States” and therefore the Attorney General has no power under the statute to withhold their deportation. The question before us is whether he has that power. We are not concerned with how he should exercise the power if he has it. We have to decide merely whether he has it.
Section 212(d) (5) of the 1952 Act provides in pertinent part:
“The Attorney General may in his discretion parole into the United, States temporarily under such conditions as he may prescribe for emergent reasons or for reasons deemed strictly in the public interest any alien applying for admission to the United States, but such parole of such alien shall not be regarded as an admission of the alien * * (Emphasis ours.)
Thus it is clear that under the Act an alien may be paroled into the United States as well as admitted to it. In either event he is, in the statutory terms, in the United States. We think an alien paroled into the United States within the meaning of Section 212(d) (5) is within the United States within the meaning of Section 243(h). Therefore as to him the Attorney General has a discretionary power to withhold deportation.
The Attorney General argues that there is a difference between excluding an alien and deporting him and that these aliens are to be excluded. But the very sentence of the statute which provides for excluding aliens uses the word “deported”. The concluding clause in that sentence is “shall be allowed to enter or shall be excluded and deported.” And the sentence which provides for the return of excluded aliens on the vessel bringing them uses the words “deported” and “deportation”. The basic sentence is: “Any alien * * * who is excluded * * * shall be immediately deported * * * And the proviso in that sentence is “unless the Attorney General, in an individual case, in his discretion, concludes that immediate deportation is not practicable or proper.” The regulations reflect the same idea. For example, Section 237.1, Title 8, Code of Federal Regulations (1952) speaks of “The immediate deportation of an excluded alien”. The distinction relevant to Section 243 is between aliens who are, legally speaking, in the United States, by entry or parole, and those who, legally speaking, are not within the borders.
That the predecessor section to Section 243(h) of the 1952 Act, which was Section 23 of the 1950 Act, applied to an alien who was excluded was settled by Ng Lin Chong v. McGrath. Section 243(a) of the 1952 Act applies to aliens “in the United States”. We think that section gives the Attorney General discretion in respect to the country to which he will order aliens deported, whether they are legally in the United States by entry or by parole.
The cases will be remanded to the District Court with instructions to enter declaratory judgments in accord with this opinion.
. Appellant Lam Wing was paroled after an initial exclusion order.
. 66 Stat. 214, 8 U.S.C.A. § 1253(b).
. 66 Stat. 188, 8 U.S.C.A. § 1182(d) (5).
. The Act contains a number of provisions relating to aliens within the United States. See See. 237(a), 66 Stat. 201, 8 U.S.C.A. § 1227(a); Sec. 237(b), 66 Stat. 201, 8 U.S.C.A. § 1227(b); Sec. 262, 66 Stat. 224, 8 U.S.C.A. § 1302; Sec. 265, 66 Stat. 225, 8 U.S.C.A. § 1305; Sec. 360(a), 66 Stat. 273, 8 U.S.C.A. § 1503 (a).
. Sec. 236(a), 66 Stat. 200, 8 U.S.C.A. § 1226(a).
. Sec. 237(a), 66 Stat. 201, 8 U.S.C.A. § 1227(a).
. 64 Stat. 1010.
. D.C.Cir.I952, 91 U.S.App.D.C. 131, 202 F.2d 316.

Question: Did the court's ruling on attorneys' fees favor the appellant?
A. No
B. Yes
C. Mixed answer
D. Issue not discussed
Answer:

Answer: D