Task: songer_numappel

What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Intervenors who participated as parties at the courts of appeals should be counted as either appellants or respondents when it can be determined whose position they supported. For example, if there were two plaintiffs who lost in district court, appealed, and were joined by four intervenors who also asked the court of appeals to reverse the district court, the number of appellants should be coded as six.
In some cases there is some confusion over who should be listed as the appellant and who as the respondent. This confusion is primarily the result of the presence of multiple docket numbers consolidated into a single appeal that is disposed of by a single opinion. Most frequently, this occurs when there are cross appeals and/or when one litigant sued (or was sued by) multiple litigants that were originally filed in district court as separate actions. The coding rule followed in such cases should be to go strictly by the designation provided in the title of the case. The first person listed in the title as the appellant should be coded as the appellant even if they subsequently appeared in a second docket number as the respondent and regardless of who was characterized as the appellant in the opinion.
To clarify the coding conventions, consider the following hypothetical case in which the US Justice Department sues a labor union to strike down a racially discriminatory seniority system and the corporation (siding with the position of its union) simultaneously sues the government to get an injunction to block enforcement of the relevant civil rights law. From a district court decision that consolidated the two suits and declared the seniority system illegal but refused to impose financial penalties on the union, the corporation appeals and the government and union file cross appeals from the decision in the suit brought by the government. Assume the case was listed in the Federal Reporter as follows:
United States of America,
Plaintiff, Appellant
v
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendant, Appellee.
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendants, Cross-appellants
v
United States of America.
Widgets, Inc. & Susan Kuersten Sheehan, President & Chairman
of the Board
Plaintiff, Appellants,
v
United States of America,
Defendant, Appellee.
This case should be coded as follows:Appellant = United States, Respondents = International Brotherhood of Widget Workers Widgets, Inc., Total number of appellants = 1, Number of appellants that fall into the category "the federal government, its agencies, and officials" = 1, Total number of respondents = 3, Number of respondents that fall into the category "private business and its executives" = 2, Number of respondents that fall into the category "groups and associations" = 1.
Your specific task is to determine the total number of appellants in the case. If the total number cannot be determined (e.g., if the appellant is listed as "Smith, et. al." and the opinion does not specify who is included in the "et.al."), then answer 99.

STEPHENSON, Circuit Judge.
This appeal raises the question of whether seizure by defendant-appellee bank of plaintiff-appellant borrower’s funds and collateral in the form of accounts receivable without foreclosure or notice is an act under color of state law, thus giving rise to a claim under 42 U.S.C. § 1983. The trial court found that the alleged seizure by appellee bank did not constitute governmental action. See Bichel Optical Laboratories, Inc. v. Marquette National Bank, 336 F.Supp. 1368, 1372 (D.Minn.1971). We agree.
In 1967, appellee bank made several loans to appellant in exchange for promissory notes. The loans were secured by appellant’s checking account with appel-lee bank and by means of a receivables security agreement. On September 20, 1968, 31-day renewal notes were executed in the amount of $4,000 bearing interest at 8%. The notes provided that in the event of appellant’s insolvency, or in the event that appellant failed to keep a margin of security satisfactory to ap-pellee bank, the latter had the right to accelerate payment of such indebtedness and to collect any collateral securing the notes, without giving prior notice or demand to appellant. Seven days after the renewal notes were executed appellee bank exercised its options under the notes which action was triggered by adverse financial information it had received concerning appellant. Appellee bank accelerated payment on the notes and proceeded to collect the collateral by notifying appellant’s debtors to pay appellee bank directly, and by setting off against appellant’s checking account.
Appellant subsequently brought this action against- appellee bank claiming that the seizure of funds without foreclosure or notice constituted violations of state and federal antitrust laws, the Robinson-Patman Act, and appellant’s constitutional protection against unlawful search and seizure. Appellant also claimed that the loan was usurious.
Appellant moved to amend its complaint based upon alleged state and federal constitutional claims, and upon alleged breach of agreement. The trial court denied leave to add the constitutional claims, but allowed the additional claim of breach o-f agreement. Appellee bank in turn moved for partial summary judgment which was granted on the allegations as to usury and violation of the Robinson-Patman Act. The remainder of the case was tried to a jury. Appel-lee bank received a directed verdict on the alleged antitrust violations and a jury verdict on the remaining claims.
It is from the trial court’s denial of appellant’s motion to amend its complaint to include the constitutional claim that appellant appeals. In effect, appellant sought to challenge the constitutionality of the pre-judgment “self-help” remedies as authorized by statute in Minnesota under Article 9 of the Uniform Commercial Code. See Minn.Ann.Stat. §§ 336.9-502(1), 336.9-503 and 336.9-504. Essentially, appellant now contends that since Minnesota has provided the machinery for the alleged seizure by a .private party by means- of a pervasive statutory scheme, the state has significantly involved itself in the pre-judgment “self-help” process.
Unlike Fuentes v. Shevin, 407 U.S. 67, 92 S.Ct. 1983, 32 L.Ed.2d 556 (1972), which involved the pre-judgment seizure of goods by a state agent pursuant to a private creditor’s writ of replevin, the procedures challenged herein by appellant involve only private actions arising out of the express written agreements between the parties. See Adams v. Southern California First National Bank, 492 F.2d 324, at 329, 337-338 (CA9, 1973).
It is our view that the State of Minnesota by the mere passage of the Article 9 “se'lf-help” remedies has not so significantly involved itself in the procedures followed by appellee bank as to constitute an act under color of state law giving rise to a § 1983 action. Adams v. Southern California First National Bank, supra, 492 F.2d 324 (CA9, 1973); see also Pease v. Havelock National Bank, 351 F.Supp. 118, 120 (D.Neb.1972); accord, Kirksey v. Theilig, 351 F.Supp. 727, 732 (D.Colo.1972); Greene v. First National Exchange Bank of Virginia, 348 F.Supp. 672, 673-675 (W.D.Va.1972). We therefore affirm the decision of the trial court denying appellant’s motion to amend its complaint to include the alleged deprivation of constitutional rights.
Affirmed.
. Appellant moved to add alleged violations of the constitutions of both the United States and the State of Minnesota. This included allegations based upon the due process clauses of the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution and Article 1, Section 7 of the Minnesota Constitution, and upon the search and seizure clauses of the Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution and Article 1, Section 10 of the Minnesota Constitution. The trial court held that “[b]oth due process clauses of the Federal Constitution are by their terms restrictions upon the state government, not upon private parties as here. Similarly, the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution and Article 1, Sec. 7 of the Constitution of the State of Minnesota are constraints upon the federal and state governments, respectively. The fact that the defendant Bank is a national bank in no way makes it an arm or agent of either government, and there is no allegation, that officials of either government were in any way involved.” 336 F.Supp. at 1372.
Appellant now raises for our determination alleged violations of the same constitutional provisions as those raised in its motion to amend its complain);. We find its claim based upon deprivation of constitutional rights by federal action to be wholly without merit, and therefore confine our discussion to appellant’s claim based upon alleged state action.
. See 57 Minn.L.Kev. 621 (1973).

Question: What is the total number of appellants in the case? Answer with a number.
Answer:

Answer: 1