Task: songer_genresp1

What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Intervenors who participated as parties at the courts of appeals should be counted as either appellants or respondents when it can be determined whose position they supported. For example, if there were two plaintiffs who lost in district court, appealed, and were joined by four intervenors who also asked the court of appeals to reverse the district court, the number of appellants should be coded as six.
In some cases there is some confusion over who should be listed as the appellant and who as the respondent. This confusion is primarily the result of the presence of multiple docket numbers consolidated into a single appeal that is disposed of by a single opinion. Most frequently, this occurs when there are cross appeals and/or when one litigant sued (or was sued by) multiple litigants that were originally filed in district court as separate actions. The coding rule followed in such cases should be to go strictly by the designation provided in the title of the case. The first person listed in the title as the appellant should be coded as the appellant even if they subsequently appeared in a second docket number as the respondent and regardless of who was characterized as the appellant in the opinion.
To clarify the coding conventions, consider the following hypothetical case in which the US Justice Department sues a labor union to strike down a racially discriminatory seniority system and the corporation (siding with the position of its union) simultaneously sues the government to get an injunction to block enforcement of the relevant civil rights law. From a district court decision that consolidated the two suits and declared the seniority system illegal but refused to impose financial penalties on the union, the corporation appeals and the government and union file cross appeals from the decision in the suit brought by the government. Assume the case was listed in the Federal Reporter as follows:
United States of America,
Plaintiff, Appellant
v
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendant, Appellee.
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendants, Cross-appellants
v
United States of America.
Widgets, Inc. & Susan Kuersten Sheehan, President & Chairman
of the Board
Plaintiff, Appellants,
v
United States of America,
Defendant, Appellee.
This case should be coded as follows:Appellant = United States, Respondents = International Brotherhood of Widget Workers Widgets, Inc., Total number of appellants = 1, Number of appellants that fall into the category "the federal government, its agencies, and officials" = 1, Total number of respondents = 3, Number of respondents that fall into the category "private business and its executives" = 2, Number of respondents that fall into the category "groups and associations" = 1.
When coding the detailed nature of participants, use your personal knowledge about the participants, if you are completely confident of the accuracy of your knowledge, even if the specific information is not in the opinion. For example, if "IBM" is listed as the appellant it could be classified as "clearly national or international in scope" even if the opinion did not indicate the scope of the business. 
Your task is to determine the nature of the first listed respondent.

ROBB, Associate Justice.
Appeal from a decision of the Commissioner of Patents, refusing to allow certain claims covering a machine for manufacturing cigars, a number of claims having been allowed.
Claims 1 and 11 are illustrative of the several claims and axe here reproduced:
“1. In a cigar machine, the combination, with means for concentrating a bunch to give it temporary set without closing draft passages or producing exterior ridges, of means associated with said concentrating means for immediately applying a wrapper to the concentrated bunch.”
“11. In a cigar machine, the combination, with means for concentrating a bunch to give it temporary set without closing draft passages or producing exterior ridges, of means associated with said concentrating means for immediately applying a wrapper to the concentrated bunch, and means for transporting the bunch from said concentrating means to said wrapper-applying means, and the resultant cigar from 'said wrapper-applying means to a suitable delivery position.”
The claims were rejected on two references — Lacroix, No. 1,128,989, February 16, 1915; and Tyberg, No. 1,075,172, October 7, 1913. The Lacroix patent covers a cigar-making machine very similar to applicant’s,' while the Tyberg patent shows a machine for wrapping cigar bunches, which form of wrapping mechanism applicant employs in his ma- • chine. It is contended that applicant’s machine differs from the machine of Lacroix, in that the bunch is “concentrated” and not compressed ; that in a compressed bunch the draft passages of the cigar are liable to be closed, and the cigar, of course, rendered unfit for use; and that applicant has overcome this difficulty by concentrating the bunch.
The Patent Office tribunals have held that the difference between “compression” and “concentration” is the result of employing a less quantity of filler; in other words, that, if Lacroix should employ the same quantity of filler as is employed by applicant, his machine would do substantially the same work. In the machines of both Lacroix and applicant, the bunch is molded in a form to which heat is applied. The Commissioner said: “Applicant is not entitled to claims which read directly on an old device, which is capable of producing his cigars and will necessarily produce the same product if the right quantity of filler is used.”
A careful reading of applicant’s brief, in connection with his oral argument, has failed to convince us that the Patent Office erred in rejecting the claims involved, and the decision therefore is affirmed.
Affirmed.

Question: What is the nature of the first listed respondent?
A. private business (including criminal enterprises)
B. private organization or association
C. federal government (including DC)
D. sub-state government (e.g., county, local, special district)
E. state government (includes territories & commonwealths)
F. government - level not ascertained
G. natural person (excludes persons named in their official capacity or who appear because of a role in a private organization)
H. miscellaneous
I. not ascertained
Answer:

Answer: C