Task: songer_genresp1

What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Intervenors who participated as parties at the courts of appeals should be counted as either appellants or respondents when it can be determined whose position they supported. For example, if there were two plaintiffs who lost in district court, appealed, and were joined by four intervenors who also asked the court of appeals to reverse the district court, the number of appellants should be coded as six.
In some cases there is some confusion over who should be listed as the appellant and who as the respondent. This confusion is primarily the result of the presence of multiple docket numbers consolidated into a single appeal that is disposed of by a single opinion. Most frequently, this occurs when there are cross appeals and/or when one litigant sued (or was sued by) multiple litigants that were originally filed in district court as separate actions. The coding rule followed in such cases should be to go strictly by the designation provided in the title of the case. The first person listed in the title as the appellant should be coded as the appellant even if they subsequently appeared in a second docket number as the respondent and regardless of who was characterized as the appellant in the opinion.
To clarify the coding conventions, consider the following hypothetical case in which the US Justice Department sues a labor union to strike down a racially discriminatory seniority system and the corporation (siding with the position of its union) simultaneously sues the government to get an injunction to block enforcement of the relevant civil rights law. From a district court decision that consolidated the two suits and declared the seniority system illegal but refused to impose financial penalties on the union, the corporation appeals and the government and union file cross appeals from the decision in the suit brought by the government. Assume the case was listed in the Federal Reporter as follows:
United States of America,
Plaintiff, Appellant
v
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendant, Appellee.
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendants, Cross-appellants
v
United States of America.
Widgets, Inc. & Susan Kuersten Sheehan, President & Chairman
of the Board
Plaintiff, Appellants,
v
United States of America,
Defendant, Appellee.
This case should be coded as follows:Appellant = United States, Respondents = International Brotherhood of Widget Workers Widgets, Inc., Total number of appellants = 1, Number of appellants that fall into the category "the federal government, its agencies, and officials" = 1, Total number of respondents = 3, Number of respondents that fall into the category "private business and its executives" = 2, Number of respondents that fall into the category "groups and associations" = 1.
When coding the detailed nature of participants, use your personal knowledge about the participants, if you are completely confident of the accuracy of your knowledge, even if the specific information is not in the opinion. For example, if "IBM" is listed as the appellant it could be classified as "clearly national or international in scope" even if the opinion did not indicate the scope of the business. 
Your task is to determine the nature of the first listed respondent.

ALDRICH, Circuit Judge.
This is an appeal by a defendant convicted on a fifteen-count information under 49 U.S.C.A. § 322(a) for aiding and abetting a partnership of whiph he was the managing member in operating as a contract carrier by motor vehicle in interstate commerce without a permit in violation of Title 49, § 309(a). The defendant has a permit for moving goods in interstate commerce, but only within Massachusetts. The basic facts concerning out-of-state operation, and the lack of a further permit, were admitted. The defense was that the operation in question was pursuant to a valid lease of the equipment which caused the shipper to become a private carrier under the Act. The defense centers, however, around two preliminary matters. One is that the ICC representative obtained the documents upon which the claim of violation is based by unlawful search and seizure. The other is a claim, in various forms, that “primary jurisdiction” is. in the ICC. There is nothing in either point.
On February 5, 1960, one Martin, a district supervisor for the ICC, Bureau of Motor Carriers, came to the combined place of business and home of the defendant and requested admission. I-Ié introduced himself, showing his credentials, and stated that the purpose of his visit was to make a routine compliance survey and a safety survey. He was invited in and offered full access to - the defendant’s records. According to the defendant’s own testimony, when Martin discovered' the so-called leases and learned that defendant was operating thereunder outside the state he abandoned all other inquiries and concentrated on that subject, telling defendant that in his opinion the lease operation was “illegal.” On two subsequent days that month Martin returned. Defendant made no objection and allowed him to take the pertinent documents for copying.
The basis of defendant’s constitutional complaint is not clear. He testified that an attorney for the shipper had informed him that the leases were “all right,” and consequently he did not realize that his cooperation with Martin might lead to his present difficulties. Seemingly, he thinks Martin should have disabused him more fully. There was no such duty, at least where there was no misleading by the agent. United States v. Sclafani, 2 Cir., 1959, 265 F.2d 408, 414-415, cert. den. 360 U.S. 918, 79 S.Ct. 1436, 3 L.Ed.2d 1534; cf. Chieftain Pontiac Corp. v. Julian, 1 Cir., 1954, 209 F.2d 657. He also testified that it was his belief that Martin was entitled to the information furnished. This belief was, of course entirely correct. 49 U.S.C.A. § 320(d); United States v. Alabama Highway Express, D.C.N.D.Ala.1942, 46 F.Supp. 450. There was no violation of defendant’s constitutional rights.
It is true that under a doctrine sometimes miscalled “primary jurisdiction” it is occasionally appropriate for the court to call first upon the expertise of the administrative agency rather than resolve some specialized question itself. See Far East Conference v. United States, 1952, 342 U.S. 570, 72 S.Ct. 492, 96 L.Ed. 576; 3 Davis, Administrative Law §§ 1901, 1902 (1958). Whatever may be the force of this principle, particularly in criminal cases, cf. United States v. Pacific & Arctic Ry. & Nav. Co., 1913, 228 U.S. 87, 107, 33 S.Ct. 443, 57 L.Ed. 742, it cannot go beyond its stated purpose. In the case at bar the court needed no instructions from the ICC to conclude that the document under which the partnership was operating was not a lease. The lease, although described as for the term of one year, was per job only, the lessor operating on its own account except when a particular shipment was tendered. The lessor paid all operating expenses, including registration, taxes and insurance (which was in its name alone) and attended to the loading, unloading, driving, departure time and route. The shipper as “lessee,” had no possession of the vehicle. All it did was to furnish the goods, state the destination, and pay a fixed charge per freight mile. The court required no advice from the administrative agency to conclude that the defendant was a contract carrier within the plain statutory definition. 49 U.S. C.A. § 303(a) (15).
Affirmed.
. If a distinction is to be drawn between inspecting and borrowing to copy, the short answer is that the defendant voluntarily permitted the latter. Centracchio v. Garrity, 1 Cir., 1952, 198 F.2d 382, cert. den. 344 U.S. 866, 73 S.Ct. 108, 97 L.Ed. 672.

Question: What is the nature of the first listed respondent?
A. private business (including criminal enterprises)
B. private organization or association
C. federal government (including DC)
D. sub-state government (e.g., county, local, special district)
E. state government (includes territories & commonwealths)
F. government - level not ascertained
G. natural person (excludes persons named in their official capacity or who appear because of a role in a private organization)
H. miscellaneous
I. not ascertained
Answer:

Answer: C