Task: sc_petitioner

What follows is an opinion from the Supreme Court of the United States. Your task is to identify the petitioner of the case. The petitioner is the party who petitioned the Supreme Court to review the case. This party is variously known as the petitioner or the appellant. Characterize the petitioner as the Court's opinion identifies them.

Identify the petitioner by the label given to the party in the opinion or judgment of the Court except where the Reports title a party as the "United States" or as a named state. Textual identification of parties is typically provided prior to Part I of the Court's opinion. The official syllabus, the summary that appears on the title page of the case, may be consulted as well. In describing the parties, the Court employs terminology that places them in the context of the specific lawsuit in which they are involved. For example, "employer" rather than "business" in a suit by an employee; as a "minority," "female," or "minority female" employee rather than "employee" in a suit alleging discrimination by an employer.

Also note that the Court's characterization of the parties applies whether the petitioner is actually single entity or whether many other persons or legal entities have associated themselves with the lawsuit. That is, the presence of the phrase, et al., following the name of a party does not preclude the Court from characterizing that party as though it were a single entity. Thus, identify a single petitioner, regardless of how many legal entities were actually involved. If a state (or one of its subdivisions) is a party, note only that a state is a party, not the state's name.

Justice KAGAN delivered the opinion of the Court.
This case is about Kansas's treatment of a criminal defendant's insanity claim. In Kansas, a defendant can invoke mental illness to show that he lacked the requisite mens rea (intent) for a crime. He can also raise mental illness after conviction to justify either a reduced term of imprisonment or commitment to a mental health facility. But Kansas, unlike many States, will not wholly exonerate a defendant on the ground that his illness prevented him from recognizing his criminal act as morally wrong. The issue here is whether the Constitution's Due Process Clause forces Kansas to do so-otherwise said, whether that Clause compels the acquittal of any defendant who, because of mental illness, could not tell right from wrong when committing his crime. We hold that the Clause imposes no such requirement.
I
A
In Clark v. Arizona, 548 U.S. 735, 749, 126 S.Ct. 2709, 165 L.Ed.2d 842 (2006), this Court catalogued state insanity defenses, counting four "strains variously combined to yield a diversity of American standards" for when to absolve mentally ill defendants of criminal culpability. The first strain asks about a defendant's "cognitive capacity"-whether a mental illness left him "unable to understand what he [was] doing" when he committed a crime. Id., at 747, 749, 126 S.Ct. 2709. The second examines his "moral capacity"-whether his illness rendered him "unable to understand that his action [was] wrong." Ibid. Those two inquiries, Clark explained, appeared as alternative pathways to acquittal in the landmark English ruling M'Naghten's Case, 10 Cl. & Fin. 200, 8 Eng. Rep. 718 (H. L. 1843), as well as in many follow-on American decisions and statutes: If the defendant lacks either cognitive or moral capacity, he is not criminally responsible for his behavior. Yet a third "building block[ ]" of state insanity tests, gaining popularity from the mid-19th century on, focuses on "volitional incapacity"-whether a defendant's mental illness made him subject to "irresistible[ ] impulse[s]" or otherwise unable to "control[ ] his actions." Clark, 548 U.S. at 749, 750, n. 11, 126 S.Ct. 2709 ; see, e.g., Parsons v. State, 81 Ala. 577, 597, 2 So. 854, 866-867 (1887). And bringing up the rear, in Clark's narration, the "product-of-mental-illness test" broadly considers whether the defendant's criminal act stemmed from a mental disease. 548 U.S. at 749-750, 126 S.Ct. 2709.
As Clark explained, even that taxonomy fails to capture the field's complexity. See id., at 750, n. 11, 126 S.Ct. 2709. Most notable here, M'Naghten's "moral capacity" prong later produced a spinoff, adopted in many States, that does not refer to morality at all. Instead of examining whether a mentally ill defendant could grasp that his act was immoral, some jurisdictions took to asking whether the defendant could understand that his act was illegal. Compare, e.g., People v. Schmidt, 216 N.Y. 324, 333-334, 110 N.E. 945, 947 (1915) (Cardozo, J.) (asking about moral right and wrong), with, e.g., State v. Hamann, 285 N.W.2d 180, 183 (Iowa 1979) (substituting ideas of legal right and wrong). That change in legal standard matters when a mentally ill defendant knew that his act violated the law yet believed it morally justified. See, e.g., Schmidt, 216 N.Y. at 339, 110 N.E. at 949 ; People v. Serravo, 823 P.2d 128, 135 (Colo. 1992).
Kansas law provides that "[i]t shall be a defense to a prosecution under any statute that the defendant, as a result of mental disease or defect, lacked the culpable mental state required as an element of the offense charged." Kan. Stat. Ann. § 21-5209 (2018 Cum. Supp.). Under that statute, a defendant may introduce any evidence of any mental illness to show that he did not have the intent needed to commit the charged crime. Suppose, for example, that the defendant shot someone dead and goes on trial for murder. He may then offer psychiatric testimony that he did not understand the function of a gun or the consequences of its use-more generally stated, "the nature and quality" of his actions. M'Naghten, 10 Cl. & Fin., at 210, 8 Eng. Rep., at 722. And a jury crediting that testimony must acquit him. As everyone here agrees, Kansas law thus uses M'Naghten's "cognitive capacity" prong-the inquiry into whether a mentally ill defendant could comprehend what he was doing when he committed a crime. See Brief for Petitioner 41; Brief for Respondent 31; Brief for United States as Amicus Curiae 18. If the defendant had no such capacity, he could not form the requisite intent-and thus is not criminally responsible.
At the same time, the Kansas statute provides that "[m]ental disease or defect is not otherwise a defense." § 21-5209. In other words, Kansas does not recognize any additional way that mental illness can produce an acquittal. Most important for this case, a defendant's moral incapacity cannot exonerate him, as it would if Kansas had adopted both original prongs of M'Naghten. Assume, for example, that a defendant killed someone because of an "insane delusion that God ha[d] ordained the sacrifice." Schmidt, 216 N.Y. at 339, 110 N.E. at 949. The defendant knew what he was doing (killing another person), but he could not tell moral right from wrong; indeed, he thought the murder morally justified. In many States, that fact would preclude a criminal conviction, although it would almost always lead to commitment in a mental health facility. In Kansas, by contrast, evidence of a mentally ill defendant's moral incapacity-or indeed, of anything except his cognitive inability to form the needed mens rea -can play no role in determining guilt.
That partly closed-door policy changes once a verdict is in. At the sentencing phase, a Kansas defendant has wide latitude to raise his mental illness as a reason to judge him not fully culpable and so to lessen his punishment. See §§ 21-6815(c)(1)(C), 21-6625(a). He may present evidence (of the kind M'Naghten deemed relevant) that his disease made him unable to understand his act's moral wrongness-as in the example just given of religious delusion. See § 21-6625(a). Or he may try to show (in line with M'Naghten's spinoff) that the illness prevented him from "appreciat[ing] the [conduct's] criminality." § 21-6625(a)(6). Or again, he may offer testimony (here invoking volitional incapacity) that he simply could not "conform [his] conduct" to legal restraints. Ibid. Kansas sentencing law thus provides for an individualized determination of how mental illness, in any or all of its aspects, affects culpability. And the same kind of evidence can persuade a court to place a defendant who needs psychiatric care in a mental health facility rather than a prison. See § 22-3430. In that way, a defendant in Kansas lacking, say, moral capacity may wind up in the same kind of institution as a like defendant in a State that would bar his conviction.
B
This case arises from a terrible crime. In early 2009, Karen Kahler filed for divorce from James Kahler and moved out of their home with their two teenage daughters and 9-year-old son. Over the following months, James Kahler became more and more distraught. On Thanksgiving weekend, he drove to the home of Karen's grandmother, where he knew his family was staying. Kahler entered through the back door and saw Karen and his son. He shot Karen twice, while allowing his son to flee the house. He then moved through the residence, shooting Karen's grandmother and each of his daughters in turn. All four of his victims died. Kahler surrendered to the police the next day and was charged with capital murder.
Before trial, Kahler filed a motion arguing that Kansas's treatment of insanity claims violates the Fourteenth Amendment's Due Process Clause. Kansas, he asserted, had "unconstitutionally abolished the insanity defense" by allowing the conviction of a mentally ill person "who cannot tell the difference between right and wrong." App. 11-12. The trial court denied the motion, leaving Kahler to attempt to show through psychiatric and other testimony that severe depression had prevented him from forming the intent to kill. See id., at 16; § 21-5209. The jury convicted Kahler of capital murder. At the penalty phase, the court permitted Kahler to offer additional evidence of his mental illness and to argue in whatever way he liked that it should mitigate his sentence. The jury still decided to impose the death penalty.
Kahler appealed, again challenging the constitutionality of Kansas's approach to insanity claims. The Kansas Supreme Court rejected his argument, relying on an earlier precedential decision. See 307 Kan. 374, 400-401, 410 P.3d 105, 124-125 (2018) (discussing State v. Bethel, 275 Kan. 456, 66 P.3d 840 (2003) ). There, the court denied that any single version of the insanity defense is so "ingrained in our legal system" as to count as "fundamental." Id., at 473, 66 P.3d at 851. The court thus found that "[d]ue process does not mandate that a State adopt a particular insanity test." Ibid.
Kahler then asked this Court to decide whether the Due Process Clause requires States to provide an insanity defense that acquits a defendant who could not "distinguish right from wrong" when committing his crime-or, otherwise put, whether that Clause requires States to adopt the moral-incapacity test from M'Naghten. Pet. for Cert. 18. We granted certiorari, 586 U.S. ----, 139 S.Ct. 1318, 203 L.Ed.2d 563 (2019), and now hold it does not.
II
A
A challenge like Kahler's must surmount a high bar. Under well-settled precedent, a state rule about criminal liability-laying out either the elements of or the defenses to a crime-violates due process only if it "offends some principle of justice so rooted in the traditions and conscience of our people as to be ranked as fundamental." Leland v. Oregon, 343 U.S. 790, 798, 72 S.Ct. 1002, 96 L.Ed. 1302 (1952) (internal quotation marks omitted). Our primary guide in applying that standard is "historical practice." Montana v. Egelhoff, 518 U.S. 37, 43, 116 S.Ct. 2013, 135 L.Ed.2d 361 (1996) (plurality opinion). And in assessing that practice, we look primarily to eminent common-law authorities (Blackstone, Coke, Hale, and the like), as well as to early English and American judicial decisions. See, e.g., id., at 44-45, 116 S.Ct. 2013 ;
Patterson v. New York, 432 U.S. 197, 202, 97 S.Ct. 2319, 53 L.Ed.2d 281 (1977). The question is whether a rule of criminal responsibility is so old and venerable-so entrenched in the central values of our legal system-as to prevent a State from ever choosing another. An affirmative answer, though not unheard of, is rare. See, e.g., Clark, 548 U.S. at 752, 126 S.Ct. 2709 ("[T]he conceptualization of criminal offenses" is mostly left to the States).
In Powell v. Texas, 392 U.S. 514, 88 S.Ct. 2145, 20 L.Ed.2d 1254 (1968), this Court explained why. There, Texas declined to recognize "chronic alcoholism" as a defense to the crime of public drunkenness. Id., at 517, 88 S.Ct. 2145 (plurality opinion). The Court upheld that decision, emphasizing the paramount role of the States in setting "standards of criminal responsibility." Id., at 533, 88 S.Ct. 2145. In refusing to impose "a constitutional doctrine" defining those standards, the Court invoked the many "interlocking and overlapping concepts" that the law uses to assess when a person should be held criminally accountable for "his antisocial deeds." Id., at 535-536, 88 S.Ct. 2145. "The doctrines of actus reus, mens rea, insanity, mistake, justification, and duress"-the Court counted them off-reflect both the "evolving aims of the criminal law" and the "changing religious, moral, philosophical, and medical views of the nature of man." Id., at 536, 88 S.Ct. 2145. Or said a bit differently, crafting those doctrines involves balancing and rebalancing over time complex and oft-competing ideas about "social policy" and "moral culpability"-about the criminal law's "practical effectiveness" and its "ethical foundations." Id., at 538, 545, 548, 88 S.Ct. 2145 (Black, J., concurring). That "constantly shifting adjustment" could not proceed in the face of rigid "[c]onstitution[al] formulas." Id., at 536-537, 88 S.Ct. 2145 (plurality opinion). Within broad limits, Powell thus concluded, "doctrine[s] of criminal responsibility" must remain "the province of the States." Id., at 534, 536, 88 S.Ct. 2145.
Nowhere has the Court hewed more closely to that view than in addressing the contours of the insanity defense. Here, uncertainties about the human mind loom large. See, e.g., Ake v. Oklahoma, 470 U.S. 68, 81, 105 S.Ct. 1087, 84 L.Ed.2d 53 (1985) ("[P]sychiatrists disagree widely and frequently on what constitutes mental illness, on [proper] diagnos[es, and] on cure and treatment"). Even as some puzzles get resolved, others emerge. And those perennial gaps in knowledge intersect with differing opinions about how far, and in what ways, mental illness should excuse criminal conduct. See Clark, 548 U.S. at 749-752, 126 S.Ct. 2709 (canvassing how those competing views produced a wealth of insanity tests); supra, at 1024 - 1025. "This whole problem," we have noted, "has evoked wide disagreement." Leland, 343 U.S. at 801, 72 S.Ct. 1002. On such unsettled ground, we have hesitated to reduce "experimentation, and freeze [the] dialogue between law and psychiatry into a rigid constitutional mold." Powell, 392 U.S. at 536-537, 88 S.Ct. 2145. Indeed, while addressing the demand for an alcoholism defense in Powell, the Court pronounced-as something close to self-evident-that "[n]othing could be less fruitful" than to define a specific "insanity test in constitutional terms." Id., at 536, 88 S.Ct. 2145.
And twice before we have declined to do so. In Leland v. Oregon, a criminal defendant challenged as a violation of due process the State's use of the moral-incapacity test of insanity-the very test Kahler now asks us to require. See 343 U.S. at 800-801, 72 S.Ct. 1002. According to the defendant, Oregon instead had to adopt the volitional-incapacity (or irresistible-impulse) test to comply with the Constitution. See ibid. ; supra, at 1025. We rejected that argument. "[P]sychiatry," we first noted, "has made tremendous strides since [the moral-incapacity] test was laid down in M'Naghten's Case," implying that the test seemed a tad outdated. 343 U.S. at 800-801, 72 S.Ct. 1002. But still, we reasoned, "the progress of science has not reached a point where its learning" would demand "eliminat[ing] the right and wrong test from [the] criminal law." Id., at 801, 72 S.Ct. 1002. And anyway, we continued, the "choice of a test of legal sanity involves not only scientific knowledge but questions of basic policy" about when mental illness should absolve someone of "criminal responsibility." Ibid. The matter was thus best left to each State to decide on its own. The dissent agreed (while parting from the majority on another ground): "[I]t would be indefensible to impose upon the States[ ] one test rather than another for determining criminal culpability" for the mentally ill, "and thereby to displace a State's own choice." Id., at 803, 72 S.Ct. 1002 (opinion of Frankfurter, J.).
A half-century later, we reasoned similarly in Clark. There, the defendant objected to Arizona's decision to discard the cognitive-incapacity prong of M'Naghten and leave in place only the moral-incapacity one-essentially the flipside of what Kansas has done. Again, we saw no due process problem. Many States, we acknowledged, allowed a defendant to show insanity through either prong of M'Naghten. See 548 U.S. at 750, 126 S.Ct. 2709. But we denied that this approach "represents the minimum that a government must provide." Id., at 748, 126 S.Ct. 2709. In so doing, we invoked the States' traditional "capacity to define crimes and defenses," and noted how views of mental illness had been particularly "subject to flux and disagreement." Id., at 749, 752, 126 S.Ct. 2709. And then we surveyed the disparate ways that state laws had historically excused criminal conduct because of mental disease-those "strains variously combined to yield a diversity of American standards." See id., at 749-752, 126 S.Ct. 2709 ; supra, at 1025. The takeaway was "clear": A State's "insanity rule[ ] is substantially open to state choice." Clark, 548 U.S. at 752, 126 S.Ct. 2709. Reiterating Powell's statement, Clark held that "no particular" insanity test serves as "a baseline for due process." 548 U.S. at 752, 126 S.Ct. 2709. Or said just a bit differently, that "due process imposes no single canonical formulation of legal insanity." Id., at 753, 126 S.Ct. 2709.
B
Yet Kahler maintains that Kansas's treatment of insanity fails to satisfy due process. He sometimes makes his argument in the broadest of strokes, as he did before trial. See supra, at 1026 - 1027. Kansas, he then contends, has altogether "abolished the insanity defense," in disregard of hundreds of years of historical practice. Brief for Petitioner 39. His central claim, though, is more confined. It is that Kansas has impermissibly jettisoned the moral-incapacity test for insanity. See id., at 1030 - 1031, 1037. As earlier noted, both Clark and Leland described that test as coming from M'Naghten. See 548 U.S. at 749, 126 S.Ct. 2709 ; 343 U.S. at 801, 72 S.Ct. 1002 ; supra, at 1025, 1028 - 1029. But according to Kahler (and the dissent), the moral-incapacity inquiry emerged centuries before that decision, thus forming part of the English common-law heritage this country inherited. See Brief for Petitioner 21, 42; post, at 1039 - 1045 (opinion of BREYER, J.). And the test, he claims, served for all that time-and continuing into the present-as the touchstone of legal insanity: If a defendant could not understand that his act was morally wrong, then he could not be found criminally liable. See Brief for Petitioner 20-23; see also post, at 1045. So Kahler concludes that the moral-incapacity standard is a "principle of justice so rooted in the traditions and conscience of our people as to be ranked as fundamental." Leland, 343 U.S. at 798, 72 S.Ct. 1002 ; see supra, at 1030. In essence-and contra Clark -that test is the "single canonical formulation of legal insanity" and thus the irreducible "baseline for due process." 548 U.S. at 752-753, 126 S.Ct. 2709 ; see supra, at 1029.
One point, first, of agreement: Kahler is right that for hundreds of years jurists and judges have recognized insanity (however defined) as relieving responsibility for a crime. "In criminal cases therefore," Sir William Blackstone wrote, "lunatics are not chargeable for their own acts, if committed when under these incapacities." 4 Commentaries on the Laws of England 24 (1769). Sir Edward Coke even earlier explained that in criminal cases, "the act and wrong of a mad man shall not be imputed to him." 2 Institutes of the Laws of England § 405, p. 247b (1628) (Coke). And so too Henry de Bracton thought that a "madman" could no sooner be found criminally liable than a child. 2 Bracton on Laws and Customs of England 384 (S. Thorne transl. 1968) (Bracton). That principle of non-culpability appeared in case after case involving allegedly insane defendants, on both sides of the Atlantic. "The defense of insanity[ ] is a defense for all crimes[,] from the highest to the lowest," said the Court in Old Bailey. Trial of Samuel Burt (July 19, 1786), in 6 Proceedings in the Old Bailey 874 (E. Hodgson ed. 1788) (Old Bailey Proceedings).

Question: Who is the petitioner of the case?
年. attorney general of the United States, or his office
数. specified state board or department of education
日. city, town, township, village, or borough government or governmental unit
的. state commission, board, committee, or authority
月. county government or county governmental unit, except school district
用. court or judicial district
成. state department or agency
名. governmental employee or job applicant
时. female governmental employee or job applicant
件. minority governmental employee or job applicant
一. minority female governmental employee or job applicant
请. not listed among agencies in the first Administrative Action variable
中. retired or former governmental employee
据. U.S. House of Representatives
码. interstate compact
不. judge
新. state legislature, house, or committee
文. local governmental unit other than a county, city, town, township, village, or borough
下. governmental official, or an official of an agency established under an interstate compact
分. state or U.S. supreme court
入. local school district or board of education
人. U.S. Senate
功. U.S. senator
上. foreign nation or instrumentality
户. state or local governmental taxpayer, or executor of the estate of
为. state college or university
间. United States
号. State
取. person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime
回. advertising business or agency
在. agent, fiduciary, trustee, or executor
页. airplane manufacturer, or manufacturer of parts of airplanes
字. airline
有. distributor, importer, or exporter of alcoholic beverages
个. alien, person subject to a denaturalization proceeding, or one whose citizenship is revoked
作. American Medical Association
示. National Railroad Passenger Corp.
出. amusement establishment, or recreational facility
是. arrested person, or pretrial detainee
失. attorney, or person acting as such;includes bar applicant or law student, or law firm or bar association
表. author, copyright holder
除. bank, savings and loan, credit union, investment company
加. bankrupt person or business, or business in reorganization
败. establishment serving liquor by the glass, or package liquor store
生. water transportation, stevedore
信. bookstore, newsstand, printer, bindery, purveyor or distributor of books or magazines
类. brewery, distillery
置. broker, stock exchange, investment or securities firm
理. construction industry
本. bus or motorized passenger transportation vehicle
息. business, corporation
行. buyer, purchaser
定. cable TV
改. car dealer
市. person convicted of crime
期. tangible property, other than real estate, including contraband
以. chemical company
修. child, children, including adopted or illegitimate
元. religious organization, institution, or person
方. private club or facility
录. coal company or coal mine operator
区. computer business or manufacturer, hardware or software
单. consumer, consumer organization
位. creditor, including institution appearing as such; e.g., a finance company
型. person allegedly criminally insane or mentally incompetent to stand trial
法. defendant
县. debtor
存. real estate developer
品. disabled person or disability benefit claimant
前. distributor
称. person subject to selective service, including conscientious objector
注. drug manufacturer
值. druggist, pharmacist, pharmacy
输. employee, or job applicant, including beneficiaries of
建. employer-employee trust agreement, employee health and welfare fund, or multi-employer pension plan
能. electric equipment manufacturer
大. electric or hydroelectric power utility, power cooperative, or gas and electric company
例. eleemosynary institution or person
度. environmental organization
始. employer. If employer's relations with employees are governed by the nature of the employer's business (e.g., railroad, boat), rather than labor law generally, the more specific designation is used in place of Employer.
到. farmer, farm worker, or farm organization
面. father
载. female employee or job applicant
点. female
密. movie, play, pictorial representation, theatrical production, actor, or exhibitor or distributor of
动. fisherman or fishing company
果. food, meat packing, or processing company, stockyard
图. foreign (non-American) nongovernmental entity
提. franchiser
发. franchisee
式. lesbian, gay, bisexual, transexual person or organization
国. person who guarantees another's obligations
登. handicapped individual, or organization of devoted to
错. health organization or person, nursing home, medical clinic or laboratory, chiropractor
者. heir, or beneficiary, or person so claiming to be
认. hospital, medical center
误. husband, or ex-husband
接. involuntarily committed mental patient
关. Indian, including Indian tribe or nation
重. insurance company, or surety
第. inventor, patent assigner, trademark owner or holder
地. investor
如. injured person or legal entity, nonphysically and non-employment related
设. juvenile
目. government contractor
开. holder of a license or permit, or applicant therefor
事. magazine
可. male
要. medical or Medicaid claimant
代. medical supply or manufacturing co.
小. racial or ethnic minority employee or job applicant
选. minority female employee or job applicant
标. manufacturer
明. management, executive officer, or director, of business entity
编. military personnel, or dependent of, including reservist
求. mining company or miner, excluding coal, oil, or pipeline company
列. mother
网. auto manufacturer
万. newspaper, newsletter, journal of opinion, news service
最. radio and television network, except cable tv
器. nonprofit organization or business
所. nonresident
内. nuclear power plant or facility
体. owner, landlord, or claimant to ownership, fee interest, or possession of land as well as chattels
通. shareholders to whom a tender offer is made
务. tender offer
此. oil company, or natural gas producer
商. elderly person, or organization dedicated to the elderly
序. out of state noncriminal defendant
化. political action committee
消. parent or parents
否. parking lot or service
保. patient of a health professional
使. telephone, telecommunications, or telegraph company
次. physician, MD or DO, dentist, or medical society
机. public interest organization
对. physically injured person, including wrongful death, who is not an employee
量. pipe line company
查. package, luggage, container
部. political candidate, activist, committee, party, party member, organization, or elected official
性. indigent, needy, welfare recipient
和. indigent defendant
更. private person
后. prisoner, inmate of penal institution
证. professional organization, business, or person
题. probationer, or parolee
确. protester, demonstrator, picketer or pamphleteer (non-employment related), or non-indigent loiterer
格. public utility
了. publisher, publishing company
于. radio station
金. racial or ethnic minority
公. person or organization protesting racial or ethnic segregation or discrimination
午. racial or ethnic minority student or applicant for admission to an educational institution
円. realtor
片. journalist, columnist, member of the news media
空. resident
态. restaurant, food vendor
管. retarded person, or mental incompetent
主. retired or former employee
天. railroad
自. private school, college, or university
我. seller or vendor
全. shipper, including importer and exporter
今. shopping center, mall
来. spouse, or former spouse
正. stockholder, shareholder, or bondholder
说. retail business or outlet
意. student, or applicant for admission to an educational institution
送. taxpayer or executor of taxpayer's estate, federal only
容. tenant or lessee
已. theater, studio
结. forest products, lumber, or logging company
会. person traveling or wishing to travel abroad, or overseas travel agent
段. trucking company, or motor carrier
计. television station
源. union member
色. unemployed person or unemployment compensation applicant or claimant
時. union, labor organization, or official of
交. veteran
系. voter, prospective voter, elector, or a nonelective official seeking reapportionment or redistricting of legislative districts (POL)
过. wholesale trade
电. wife, or ex-wife
询. witness, or person under subpoena
符. network
未. slave
程. slave-owner
常. bank of the united states
条. timber company
当. u.s. job applicants or employees
情. Army and Air Force Exchange Service
口. Atomic Energy Commission
合. Secretary or administrative unit or personnel of the U.S. Air Force
车. Department or Secretary of Agriculture
实. Alien Property Custodian
组. Secretary or administrative unit or personnel of the U.S. Army
版. Board of Immigration Appeals
周. Bureau of Indian Affairs
址. Bonneville Power Administration
记. Benefits Review Board
二. Civil Aeronautics Board
同. Bureau of the Census
业. Central Intelligence Agency
权. Commodity Futures Trading Commission
其. Department or Secretary of Commerce
进. Comptroller of Currency
试. Consumer Product Safety Commission
验. Civil Rights Commission
料. Civil Service Commission, U.S.
传. Customs Service or Commissioner of Customs
述. Defense Base Closure and REalignment Commission
集. Drug Enforcement Agency
多. Department or Secretary of Defense (and Department or Secretary of War)
无. Department or Secretary of Energy
员. Department or Secretary of the Interior
报. Department of Justice or Attorney General
他. Department or Secretary of State
無. Department or Secretary of Transportation
服. Department or Secretary of Education
线. U.S. Employees' Compensation Commission, or Commissioner
这. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
制. Environmental Protection Agency or Administrator
将. Federal Aviation Agency or Administration
处. Federal Bureau of Investigation or Director
高. Federal Bureau of Prisons
子. Farm Credit Administration
道. Federal Communications Commission (including a predecessor, Federal Radio Commission)
章. Federal Credit Union Administration
手. Food and Drug Administration
库. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
三. Federal Energy Administration
从. Federal Election Commission
支. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
家. Federal Housing Administration
长. Federal Home Loan Bank Board
付. Federal Labor Relations Authority
秒. Federal Maritime Board
路. Federal Maritime Commission
完. Farmers Home Administration
象. Federal Parole Board
则. Federal Power Commission
现. Federal Railroad Administration
京. Federal Reserve Board of Governors
转. Federal Reserve System
辑. Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation
限. Federal Trade Commission
力. Federal Works Administration, or Administrator
学. General Accounting Office
外. Comptroller General
调. General Services Administration
项. Department or Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare
北. Department or Secretary of Health and Human Services
工. Department or Secretary of Housing and Urban Development
笑. Interstate Commerce Commission
监. Indian Claims Commission
任. Immigration and Naturalization Service, or Director of, or District Director of, or Immigration and Naturalization Enforcement
相. Internal Revenue Service, Collector, Commissioner, or District Director of
微. Information Security Oversight Office
册. Department or Secretary of Labor
联. Loyalty Review Board
平. Legal Services Corporation
增. Merit Systems Protection Board
听. Multistate Tax Commission
解. National Aeronautics and Space Administration
等. Secretary or administrative unit of the U.S. Navy
得. National Credit Union Administration
收. National Endowment for the Arts
安. National Enforcement Commission
价. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
藏. National Labor Relations Board, or regional office or officer
命. National Mediation Board
应. National Railroad Adjustment Board
看. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
索. National Security Agency
资. Office of Economic Opportunity
产. Office of Management and Budget
串. Office of Price Administration, or Price Administrator
布. Office of Personnel Management
原. Occupational Safety and Health Administration
知. Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission
级. Office of Workers' Compensation Programs
水. Patent Office, or Commissioner of, or Board of Appeals of
击. Pay Board (established under the Economic Stabilization Act of 1970)
好. Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation
物. U.S. Public Health Service
放. Postal Rate Commission
亿. Provider Reimbursement Review Board
经. Renegotiation Board
模. Railroad Adjustment Board
之. Railroad Retirement Board
台. Subversive Activities Control Board
州. Small Business Administration
配. Securities and Exchange Commission
画. Social Security Administration or Commissioner
统. Selective Service System
共. Department or Secretary of the Treasury
连. Tennessee Valley Authority
海. United States Forest Service
节. United States Parole Commission
退. Postal Service and Post Office, or Postmaster General, or Postmaster
間. United States Sentencing Commission
比. Veterans' Administration
问. War Production Board
至. Wage Stabilization Board
备. General Land Office of Commissioners
你. Transportation Security Administration
黑. Surface Transportation Board
或. U.S. Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corp.
与. Reconstruction Finance Corp.
影. Department or Secretary of Homeland Security
话. Unidentifiable
视. International Entity
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Answer: 型