Task: songer_appbus

What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Intervenors who participated as parties at the courts of appeals should be counted as either appellants or respondents when it can be determined whose position they supported. For example, if there were two plaintiffs who lost in district court, appealed, and were joined by four intervenors who also asked the court of appeals to reverse the district court, the number of appellants should be coded as six.
In some cases there is some confusion over who should be listed as the appellant and who as the respondent. This confusion is primarily the result of the presence of multiple docket numbers consolidated into a single appeal that is disposed of by a single opinion. Most frequently, this occurs when there are cross appeals and/or when one litigant sued (or was sued by) multiple litigants that were originally filed in district court as separate actions. The coding rule followed in such cases should be to go strictly by the designation provided in the title of the case. The first person listed in the title as the appellant should be coded as the appellant even if they subsequently appeared in a second docket number as the respondent and regardless of who was characterized as the appellant in the opinion.
To clarify the coding conventions, consider the following hypothetical case in which the US Justice Department sues a labor union to strike down a racially discriminatory seniority system and the corporation (siding with the position of its union) simultaneously sues the government to get an injunction to block enforcement of the relevant civil rights law. From a district court decision that consolidated the two suits and declared the seniority system illegal but refused to impose financial penalties on the union, the corporation appeals and the government and union file cross appeals from the decision in the suit brought by the government. Assume the case was listed in the Federal Reporter as follows:
United States of America,
Plaintiff, Appellant
v
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendant, Appellee.
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendants, Cross-appellants
v
United States of America.
Widgets, Inc. & Susan Kuersten Sheehan, President & Chairman
of the Board
Plaintiff, Appellants,
v
United States of America,
Defendant, Appellee.
This case should be coded as follows:Appellant = United States, Respondents = International Brotherhood of Widget Workers Widgets, Inc., Total number of appellants = 1, Number of appellants that fall into the category "the federal government, its agencies, and officials" = 1, Total number of respondents = 3, Number of respondents that fall into the category "private business and its executives" = 2, Number of respondents that fall into the category "groups and associations" = 1.
Note that if an individual is listed by name, but their appearance in the case is as a government official, then they should be counted as a government rather than as a private person. For example, in the case "Billy Jones & Alfredo Ruiz v Joe Smith" where Smith is a state prisoner who brought a civil rights suit against two of the wardens in the prison (Jones & Ruiz), the following values should be coded: number of appellants that fall into the category "natural persons" =0 and number that fall into the category "state governments, their agencies, and officials" =2. A similar logic should be applied to businesses and associations. Officers of a company or association whose role in the case is as a representative of their company or association should be coded as being a business or association rather than as a natural person. However, employees of a business or a government who are suing their employer should be coded as natural persons. Likewise, employees who are charged with criminal conduct for action that was contrary to the company policies should be considered natural persons.
If the title of a case listed a corporation by name and then listed the names of two individuals that the opinion indicated were top officers of the same corporation as the appellants, then the number of appellants should be coded as three and all three were coded as a business (with the identical detailed code). Similar logic should be applied when government officials or officers of an association were listed by name.
Your specific task is to determine the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "private business and its executives". If the total number cannot be determined (e.g., if the appellant is listed as "Smith, et. al." and the opinion does not specify who is included in the "et.al."), then answer 99.

PER CURIAM:
Munters, licensee of patents on a filling material used in cooling equipment, granted an exclusive sub-license to Buffalo Forge, designer and manufacturer of evaporative coolers, for use of the fill in evaporative coolers of gas turbines of stated capacities. Burgess, manufacturer of complete cooling systems including evaporative coolers, a purchaser of the fill from Munters for other uses, sought to use the fill in applications similar to that of Buffalo Forge, and threatened antitrust litigation. In a declaratory judgment action by Munters against Buffalo Forge and Burgess, Burgess sought and obtained a preliminary injunction in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, Charles H. Tenney, Judge, permitting its proposed use of the fill pendente lite on posting of a $25,000 bond. Buffalo Forge appeals. We find error in the grant of injunctive relief at this stage on the showing made here and reverse for vacation of the injunction.
The injunction issued on a finding that the questions raised are serious enough to present fair ground for litigation and that the balance of the equities tipped decidedly in favor of preliminary relief for Burgess since denial would likely cause long-lasting harm to Burgess’ good will which would outweigh possible harm to Munters or Buffalo Forge.
With the first proposition, fair ground for litigation, there is no real quarrel. The scope of the patent monopoly and its relation to antitrust principles clearly pose serious questions.
We fail to find in this record, however, substantial support for the court’s conclusion that the balance of the equities tipped decidedly in favor of Burgess.
The Munters fill is apparently looked upon by industry as an improvement over other types of fill at present widely used in similar installations. Burgess, which knew of the exclusive license long before it entered into the contracts, has accepted orders from four customers for complete cooling systems for gas turbines incorporating evaporative air coolers designed to use the Munters fill, at a total price of some $230,-000. Additional orders might be expected over a period of some months. Inability to complete the orders using Munters fill without purchasing and incorporating Buffalo Forge air coolers would cause a loss of some profits, but there is no reason to believe that Buffalo Forge or Munters could not respond in damages if Burgess succeeds in the action on the merits. Moreover, the injunction will cause a loss of possible business and good will to Buffalo Forge, which invested some $128,000 in development of this use for the fill in cooperation with Munters, and which under the injunction loses the opportunity to offer its equipment to the four purchasers and other prospective users, including Burgess, during a substantial portion of the period for which it is licensed. Buffalo Forge is particularly vulnerable to Burgess’ competition since under its contract with Munters renewals of its short-term exclusive sub-license are dependent on a rising scale of purchase of the patented fill for the restricted use. We fail to see in this situation any balance of the equities in favor of Burgess, let alone a decided tilt.
Reversed and remanded for vacation of the preliminary injunction.
. Munters is the licensee of the following United States Patents:
Patent No. Issue Date
3,262,682 ...................... July 26, 1966
3,265,550 ...................... August 9, 1966
3,395,900 ...................... August 6, 1968
3,395,903 ...................... August 6, 1968
3.450.393 ...................... June 17, 1969
3.526.393 ...................... September 1, 1970
3,574,032 ...................... April 6, 1971
3,599,943 ...................... August 17, 1971
. For the standards to be applied, see Triebwasser & Katz v. American Telephone & Telegraph Co., 535 F.2d 1356 (2d Cir. 1976); San Filippo v. United Brotherhood of Carpenters & Joiners, 525 F.2d 508, 511 (2d Cir. 1975); Columbia Pictures Industries, Inc. v. American Broadcasting Companies, Inc., 501 F.2d 894, 897 (2d Cir. 1974); Dino DeLaurentiis Cinematografica S.p.A. v. D-150, Inc., 366 F.2d 373 (2d Cir. 1966).
. The parties rely respectively on the lines of cases stemming from United States v. Univis Lens Co., 316 U.S. 241, 62 S.Ct. 1088, 86 L.Ed. 1408 (1942) and General Talking Pictures Corp. v. Western Electric Co., 304 U.S. 175, 58 S.Ct. 849, 82 L.Ed. 1273, aff’d on rehearing, 305 U.S. 124, 59 S.Ct. 116, 83 L.Ed. 81 (1938). See also the numerous articles on field of use restrictions cited in the opinion of Judge Tenney.
. Since the ruling below was solely on the pleadings, affidavits and depositions now before us, not involving the assessment of the credibility of witnesses before the trier, we may review the issue free from the usual “clearly erroneous” restriction. San Filippo v. United Brotherhood of Carpenters & Joiners, supra n. 2; Dopp v. Franklin National Bank, 461 F.2d 873, 879 (2d Cir. 1972).

Question: What is the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "private business and its executives"? Answer with a number.
Answer:

Answer: 1