Task: songer_casetyp1_7-3-3

What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Your task is to identify the issue in the case, that is, the social and/or political context of the litigation in which more purely legal issues are argued. Put somewhat differently, this field identifies the nature of the conflict between the litigants. The focus here is on the subject matter of the controversy rather than its legal basis.
Your task is to determine the specific issue in the case within the broad category of "economic activity and regulation - commercial disputes". 

HOUGH, Circuit Judge
(after stating the facts as above). Two questions are here raised; the .first that plaintiff did not make put a prima facie case. We have above recited what we think was proven and no question of law would be elucidated by going into the matter further. It is held that plaintiff gave enough evidence to warrant a verdict, in the absence of any controverting proof.
The other question is whether the above-quoted statement of the answer, viz. the denial of any “knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief” that plaintiff «* • • ;heretofore sold and delivered to the defendant divers goods, wares, and merchandise, for which plaintiff has been paid in full” should be treated as an allegation that the purchaser (defendant below) had procured from plaintiff below an agreement that payment of the amount of the credit should be payment 'for all the steel shipped from Montreal, no matter how much there was of it. This was substantially the only defense that plaintiff in error had, and it attempted to show an oral modification of the written contract to the effect above stated.
It is quite true that the pleading as it stands is absurd. It is said that if plaintiff below did not intend to accept this as a plea of payment, it should have moved against the pleading and not permitted the ease to go to trial in such form. We perceive no obligation on a plaintiff to seek to amend mere absurdities in a defendant’s- answer. The pleading as it stood denied aE the material allegations of the complaint. There was an issue, and a plain one. In the light of what is now admitted, and was certainly known to this plaintiff in error, that issue was not weE chosen, to say the least; but, as it stood, we see no reason why plaintiff below should have paid any attention to such nonsense as the denial of information and belief we have quoted. Much less can plaintiff below be blamed for not discerning in this meaningless form of words an affirmative plea of payment.
Judgment affirmed, with costs.

Question: What is the specific issue in the case within the general category of "economic activity and regulation - commercial disputes"?
A. contract disputes-general (private parties) (includes breach of contract, disputes over meaning of contracts, suits for specific performance, disputes over whether contract fulfilled, claims that money owed on contract) (Note: this category is not used when the dispute fits one of the more specific categories below)
B. disputes over government contracts
C. insurance disputes
D. debt collection, disputes over loans
E. consumer disputes with retail business or providers of services
F. breach of fiduciary duty; disputes over franchise agreements
G. contract disputes - was there a contract, was it a valid contract ?
H. commerce clause challenges to state or local government action
I. other contract disputes- (includes misrepresentation or deception in contract, disputes among contractors or contractors and subcontractors, indemnification claims)
J. private economic disputes (other than contract disputes)
Answer:

Answer: A