Task: songer_realapp

What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Intervenors who participated as parties at the courts of appeals should be counted as either appellants or respondents when it can be determined whose position they supported. For example, if there were two plaintiffs who lost in district court, appealed, and were joined by four intervenors who also asked the court of appeals to reverse the district court, the number of appellants should be coded as six.
Your task is to determine whether or not the formally listed appellants in the case are the "real parties." That is, are they the parties whose real interests are most directly at stake? (e.g., in some appeals of adverse habeas corpus petition decisions, the respondent is listed as the judge who denied the petition, but the real parties are the prisoner and the warden of the prison) (another example would be "Jones v A 1990 Rolls Royce" where Jones is a drug agent trying to seize a car which was transporting drugs - the real party would be the owner of the car). For cases in which an independent regulatory agency is the listed appellant, the following rule was adopted: If the agency initiated the action to enforce a federal rule or the agency was sued by a litigant contesting an agency action, then the agency was coded as a real party. However, if the agency initially only acted as a forum to settle a dispute between two other litigants, and the agency is only listed as a party because its ruling in that dispute is at issue, then the agency is considered not to be a real party. For example, if a union files an unfair labor practices charge against a corporation, the NLRB hears the dispute and rules for the union, and then the NLRB petitions the court of appeals for enforcement of its ruling in an appeal entitled "NLRB v Widget Manufacturing, INC." the NLRB would be coded as not a real party. Note that under these definitions, trustees are usually "real parties" and parents suing on behalf of their children and a spouse suing on behalf of their injured or dead spouse are also "real parties."

PER CURIAM.
This is an appeal from an order adjudging appellant guilty of contempt of court in violating an injunctive order against demanding or receiving rents in excess of the maximum rents established by the Office of Price Administration. She was sentenced to nine months imprisonment and to pay a fine of $1,000. The court found that she violated the injunctive order by making separate charges for apartments and for the furniture therein exceeding in the aggregate the ceiling price, and that these separate charges were merely a scheme to evade the orders of the Price Administrator. Appellant strenuously contends that the evidence did not warrant her being adjudged guilty of contempt, but the questions on this aspect of the case are purely factual and we cannot say that the able judge who saw and heard the witnesses was not justified in his findings. The questioning of witnesses by the court, of which complaint is made, was a matter resting in the court’s discretion and we do not think that the discretion was abused. The admission of evidence of other violations of the injunction was admissible on the question of knowledge and intent, which were put in issue by the nature of the defense. The, contention that the appellant may not be punished for a violation of the injunctive order, because the OPA legislation, which appellant was enjoined from violating, had been enacted under the war power and hostilities had ceased at the time of the order, is so lacking in merit as not to warrant discussion. Likewise without merit is the contention that the legislation had expired at the time of the order appealed from, although not at the time of the act constituting the contempt which it punished. See Stewart v. Kahn, 11 Wall. 493, 20 L.Ed. 176; Porter v. Granite State Packing Co., 1 Cir., 155 F.2d 786; Bowles v. Barde Steel Co., Or., 164 P.2d 692, 162 A.L.R. 328.
We note, however, that the sentence included both fine and imprisonment, whereas the statute authorized these punishments only in the alternative. 28 U.S.C.A. § 385; In re Bradley, 318 U.S. 50, 63 S.Ct. 470, 87 L.Ed. 500. For this error the judgment appealed from must be reversed and the case remanded to the end that a proper sentence may be imposed. Kitt et al. v. United States, 4 Cir., 132 F.2d 920.
Reversed and remanded.

Question: Are the formally listed appellants in the case the "real parties", that is, are they the parties whose real interests are most directly at stake?
A. both 1st and 2nd listed appellants are real parties (or only one appellant, and that appellant is a real party)
B. the 1st appellant is not a real party
C. the 2nd appellant is not a real party
D. neither the 1st nor the 2nd appellants are real parties
E. not ascertained
Answer:

Answer: A