Task: sc_respondent

What follows is an opinion from the Supreme Court of the United States. Your task is to identify the respondent of the case. The respondent is the party being sued or tried and is also known as the appellee. Characterize the respondent as the Court's opinion identifies them.

Identify the respondent by the label given to the party in the opinion or judgment of the Court except where the Reports title a party as the "United States" or as a named state. Textual identification of parties is typically provided prior to Part I of the Court's opinion. The official syllabus, the summary that appears on the title page of the case, may be consulted as well. In describing the parties, the Court employs terminology that places them in the context of the specific lawsuit in which they are involved. For example, "employer" rather than "business" in a suit by an employee; as a "minority," "female," or "minority female" employee rather than "employee" in a suit alleging discrimination by an employer.

Also note that the Court's characterization of the parties applies whether the respondent is actually single entitiy or whether many other persons or legal entities have associated themselves with the lawsuit. That is, the presence of the phrase, et al., following the name of a party does not preclude the Court from characterizing that party as though it were a single entity. Thus, identify a single respondent, regardless of how many legal entities were actually involved. If a state (or one of its subdivisions) is a party, note only that a state is a party, not the state's name.

Mr. Justice Frankfurter
delivered the opinion of the Court.
The precise question for consideration is this: Does a conviction by a State court for a State offense deny the “due process of law” required by the Fourteenth Amendment, solely because evidence that was admitted at the trial was obtained under circumstances which would have rendered it inadmissible in a prosecution for violation of a federal law in a court of the United States because there deemed to be an infraction of the Fourth Amendment as applied in Weeks v. United States, 232 U. S. 383? The Supreme Court of Colorado has sustained convictions in which such evidence was admitted, 117 Col. 279, 187 P. 2d 926; 117 Col. 321, 187 P. 2d 928, and we brought the cases here. 333 U. S. 879.
Unlike the specific requirements and restrictions placed by the Bill of Rights (Amendments I to VIII) upon the administration of criminal justice by federal authority, the Fourteenth Amendment did not subject criminal justice in the States to specific limitations. The notion that the "due process of law” guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment is shorthand for the first eight amendments of the Constitution and thereby incorporates them has been rejected by this Court again and again, after impressive consideration. See, e. g., Hurtado v. California, 110 U. S. 516; Twining v. New Jersey, 211 U. S. 78; Brown v. Mississippi, 297 U. S. 278; Palko v. Connecticut, 302 U. S. 319. Only the other day the Court reaffirmed this rejection after thorough reexamination of the scope and function of the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. Adamson v. California, 332 U. S. 46. The issue is closed.
For purposes of ascertaining the restrictions which the Due Process Clause imposed upon the States in the enforcement of their criminal law, we adhere to the views expressed in Palko v. Connecticut, supra, 302 U. S. 319. That decision speaks to us with the great weight of the authority, particularly in matters of civil liberty, of a court that included Mr. Chief Justice Hughes, Mr. Justice Brandeis, Mr. Justice Stone and Mr. Justice Cardozo, to name only the dead. In rejecting the suggestion that the Due Process Clause incorporated the original Bill of Rights, Mr. Justice Cardozo reaffirmed on behalf of that Court a different but deeper and more pervasive conception of the Due Process Clause. This Clause exacts from the States for the lowliest and the most outcast all that is “implicit in the concept of ordered liberty.” 302 U. S. at 325.
Due process of law thus conveys neither formal nor fixed nor narrow requirements. It is the compendious expression for all those rights which the courts must enforce because they are basic to our free society. But basic rights do not become petrified as of any one time, even though, as a matter of human experience, some may not too rhetorically be called eternal verities. It is of the very nature of a free society to advance in its standards of what is deemed reasonable and right. Representing as it does a living principle, due process is not confined within a permanent catalogue of what may at a given time be deemed the limits or the essentials of fundamental rights.
To rely on a tidy formula for the easy determination of what is a fundamental right for purposes of legal enforcement may satisfy a longing for certainty but ignores the movements of a free society. It belittles the scale of the conception of due process. The real clue to the problem confronting the judiciary in the application of the Due Process Clause is not to ask where the line is once and for all to be drawn but to recognize that it is for the Court to draw it by the gradual and empiric process of “inclusion and exclusion.” Davidson v. New Orleans, 96 U. S. 97, 104. This was the Court’s insight when first called upon to consider the problem; to this insight the Court has on the whole been faithful as case after case has come before it since Davidson v. New Orleans was decided.
The security of one’s privacy against arbitrary intrusion by the police — which is at the core of the Fourth Amendment — is basic to a free society. It is therefore implicit in “the concept of ordered liberty” and as such enforceable against the States through the Due Process Clause. The knock at the door, whether by day or by night, as a prelude to a search, without authority of law but solely on the authority of the police, did not need the commentary of recent history to be condemned as inconsistent with the conception of human rights enshrined in the history and the basic constitutional documents of English-speaking peoples.
Accordingly, we have no hesitation in saying that were a State affirmatively to sanction such police incursion into privacy it would run counter to the guaranty of the Fourteenth Amendment. But the ways of enforcing such a basic right raise questions of a different order. How such arbitrary conduct should be checked, what remedies against it should be afforded, the means by which the right should be made effective, are all questions that are not to be so dogmatically answered as to preclude the varying solutions which spring from an allowable range of judgment on issues not susceptible of quantitative solution.
In Weeks v. United States, supra, this Court held that in a federal prosecution the Fourth Amendment barred the use of evidence secured through an illegal search and seizure. This ruling was made for the first time in 1914. It was not derived from the explicit requirements of the Fourth Amendment; it was not based on legislation expressing Congressional policy in the enforcement of the Constitution. The decision was a matter of judicial implication. Since then it has been frequently applied and we stoutly adhere to it. But the immediate question is whether the basic right to protection against arbitrary intrusion by the police demands the exclusion of logically relevant evidence obtained by an unreasonable search and seizure because, in a federal prosecution for a federal crime, it would be excluded. As a matter of inherent reason, one would suppose this to be an issue as to which men with complete devotion to the protection of the right of privacy might give different answers. When we find that in fact most of. the English-speaking world does not regard as vital to such protection the exclusion of evidence thus obtained, we must hesitate to treat this remedy as an essential ingredient of the right. The contrariety of views of the States is particularly impressive in view of the careful reconsideration which they have given the problem in the light of the Weeks decision.
I. Before the Weeks decision 27 States had passed on the admissibility of evidence obtained by unlawful search and seizure.
(a) Of these, 26 States opposed the Weeks doctrine. (See Appendix, Table A.)
(b) Of these, 1 State anticipated the Weeks doctrine. (Table B.)
II. Since the Weeks decision 47 States all told have passed on the Weeks doctrine. (Table C.)
(a) Of these, 20 passed on it for the first time.
(1) Of the foregoing States, 6 followed the Weeks doctrine. (Table D.)
(2) Of the foregoing States, 14 rejected the Weeks doctrine. (Table E.)
(b) Of these, 26 States reviewed prior decisions contrary to the Weeks doctrine.
(1) Of these, 10 States have followed Weeks, overruling or distinguishing their prior decisions. (Table F.)
(2) Of these, 16 States adhered to their prior decisions against Weeks. (Table G.)
(c) Of these, 1 State repudiated its prior formulation of the Weeks doctrine. (Table H.)
III. As of today 31 States reject the Weeks doctrine, 16 States are in agreement with it. (Table I.)
IV. Of 10 jurisdictions within the United Kingdom and the British Commonwealth of Nations which have passed on the question, none has held evidence obtained by illegal search and seizure inadmissible. (Table J.)
The jurisdictions which have rejected the Weeks doctrine have not left the right to privacy without other means of protection. Indeed, the exclusion of evidence is a remedy which directly serves only to protect those upon whose person or premises something incriminating has been found. We cannot, therefore, regard it as a departure from basic standards to remand such persons, together with those who emerge scatheless from a search, to the remedies of private action and such protection as the internal discipline of the police, under the eyes of an alert public opinion, may afford. Granting that in practice the exclusion of evidence may be an effective way of deterring unreasonable searches, it is not for this Court to condemn as falling below the minimal standards assured by the Due Process Clause a State’s reliance upon other methods which, if consistently enforced, would be equally effective. Weighty testimony against such an insistence on our own view is furnished by the opinion of Mr. Justice (then Judge) Cardozo in People v. Defore, 242 N. Y. 13, 150 N. E. 585. We cannot brush aside the experience of States which deem the incidence of such conduct by the police too slight to call for a deterrent remedy not by way of disciplinary measures but by overriding the relevant rules of evidence. There are, moreover, reasons for excluding evidence unreasonably obtained by the federal police which are less compelling in the case of police under State or local authority. The public opinion of a community can far more effectively be exerted against oppressive conduct on the part of police directly responsible to the community itself than can local opinion, sporadically aroused, be brought to bear upon remote authority pervasively exerted throughout the country.
We hold, therefore, that in a prosecution in a State court for a State crime the Fourteenth Amendment does not forbid the admission of evidence obtained by an unreasonable search and seizure. And though we have interpreted the Fourth Amendment to forbid the admission of such evidence, a different question would be presented if Congress under its legislative powers were to pass a statute purporting to negate the Weeks doctrine. We would then be faced with the problem of the respect to be accorded the legislative judgment on an issue as to which, in default of that judgment, we have been forced to depend upon our own. Problems of a converse character, also not before us, would be presented should Congress under § 5 of the Fourteenth Amendment undertake to enforce the rights there guaranteed by attempting to make the Weeks doctrine binding upon the States.
Affirmed.
APPENDIX.
Table A.
STATES WHICH OPPOSED THE Weeks DOCTRINE BEFORE the Weeks case had been decided.
Ala. Shields v. State, 104 Ala. 35, 16 So. 85.
Ark. Starchman v. State, 62 Ark. 538, 36 S. W. 940.
Conn. State v. Griswold, 67 Conn. 290, 34 A. 1046.
Ga. Williams v. State, 100 Ga. 511, 28 S. E. 624.
Idaho State v. Bond, 12 Idaho 424, 439, 86 P. 43, 47.
Ill. Siebert v. People, 143 Ill. 571, 583, 32 N. E. 431, 434.
Kan. State v. Miller, 63 Kan. 62, 64 P. 1033.
Me. See State v. Gorham, 65 Me. 270, 272.
Md. Lawrence v. State, 103 Md. 17, 35, 63 A. 96, 103.
Mass. Commonwealth v. Dana, 2 Metc. 329.
Mich. People v. Aldorfer, 164 Mich. 676, 130 N. W. 351.
Minn. State v. Strait, 94 Minn. 384, 102 N. W. 913.
Mo. State v. Pomeroy, 130 Mo. 489, 32 S. W. 1002.
Mont. See State v. Fuller, 34 Mont. 12, 19, 85 P. 369, 373.
Neb. Geiger v. State, 6 Neb. 545.
N. H. State v. Flynn, 36 N. H. 64.
N. Y. People v. Adams, 176 N. Y. 351, 68 N. E. 636.
N. C. State v. Wallace, 162 N. C. 622, 78 S. E. 1.
Okla. Silva v. State, 6 Okla. Cr. 97, 116 P. 199.
Ore. State v. McDaniel, 39 Ore. 161, 169-70, 65 P. 520, 523.
S. C. State v. Atkinson, 40 S. C. 363, 371, 18 S. E. 1021, 1024.
S. D. State v. Madison, 23 S. D. 584, 591, 122 N. W. 647, 650.
Tenn. Cohn v. State, 120 Tenn. 61, 109 S. W. 1149.
Vt. State v. Mathers, 64 Vt. 101, 23 A. 590.
Wash. State v. Royce, 38 Wash. 111, 80 P. 268.
W. Va. See State v. Edwards, 51 W. Va. 220, 229, 41 S. E. 429, 432-33.
Table B.
STATE WHICH HAD FORMULATED THE Weeks DOCTRINE before the Weeks decision.
Iowa State v. Sheridan, 121 Iowa 164, 96 N. W. 730.
Table C.
states which have passed on the Weeks doctrine since the Weeks case was decided.
Every State except Rhode Island. But see State v. Lorenzo, 72 R. I. 175, 48 A. 2d 407 (holding that defendant had consented to the search, but that, even if he had not and even if the federal rule applied, the evidence was admissible because no timely motion to suppress had been made).
Table D.
STATES WHICH PASSED ON THE Weeks DOCTRINE FOR THE FIRST TIME AFTER the Weeks DECISION and in so doing followed it.
Fla. Atz v. Andrews, 84 Fla. 43, 94 So. 329.
Ind. Flum v. State, 193 Ind. 585, 141 N. E. 353.
Ky. Youman v. Commonwealth, 189 Ky. 152, 224 S. W. 860.
Miss. Tucker v. State, 128 Miss. 211, 90 So. 845.
Wis. Hoyer v. State, 180 Wis. 407, 193 N. W. 89.
Wyo. State v. George, 32 Wyo. 223, 231 P. 683.
Table E.
STATES WHICH PASSED ON THE Weeks DOCTRINE FOR THE FIRST TIME AFTER THE Weeks DECISION AND IN SO DOING REJECTED IT.
Ariz. Argetakis v. State, 24 Ariz. 599, 212, P. 372.
Calif. People v. Mayen, 188 Calif. 237, 205 P. 435 (adopting the general rule but distinguishing the cases then decided by this Court on the ground that they apply only when a timely motion for return of the property seized has been made).
Colo. Massantonio v. People, 77 Colo. 392, 236 P. 1019.
Del. State v. Chuchola, 32 Del. 133, 120 A. 212 (distinguishing this Court’s decisions).
La. State v. Fleckinger, 152 La. 337, 93 So. 115. The constitutional convention of 1921 refused to adopt an amendment incorporating the federal rule. See State v. Eddins, 161 La. 240, 108 So. 468.
Nev. State v. Chin Gim, 47 Nev. 431, 224 P. 798.
N. J. State v. Black, 5 N. J. Misc. 48, 135 A. 685.
N. M. State v. Dillon, 34 N. M. 366, 281 P. 474.
N. D. State v. Fahn, 53 N. D. 203, 205 N. W. 67.
Ohio State v. Lindway, 131 Ohio St. 166, 2 N. E. 2d 490.
Pa. Commonwealth v. Dabbierio, 290 Pa. 174, 138 A. 679.
Tex. Welchek v. State, 93 Tex. Cr. Rep. 271, 247 S. W. 524. In 1925 a statute changed the rule by providing that “No evidence obtained by an officer or other person in violation of any provisions of the Constitution or laws of the State of Texas, or of the Constitution of the United States of America, shall be admitted in evidence against the accused on the trial of any criminal case.” Texas Laws 1925, c. 49, as amended, 2 Vernon’s Tex. Stat., 1948 (Code of Crim. Proc.), Art. 727a.
Utah State v. Aime, 62 Utah 476, 220 P. 704.
Va. Hall v. Commonwealth, 138 Va. 727, 121 S. E. 154.
Table F.
STATES WHICH, AFTER THE Weeks DECISION, OVERRULED OR DISTINGUISHED PRIOR CONTRARY DECISIONS.
Idaho Idaho expressly refused to follow the Weeks decision in State v. Myers, 36 Idaho 396, 211 P. 440, but repudiated the Myers case and adopted the federal rule in State v. Arregui, 44 Idaho 43, 254 P. 788.
III. After two cases following the former state rule, Illinois adopted the federal rule in People v. Castree, 311 Ill. 392, 143 N. E. 112.
Mich. People v. Marxhausen, 204 Mich. 559, 171 N. W. 557 (distinguishing earlier cases on the ground that in them no preliminary motion to suppress had been made).
Mo. State v. Graham, 295 Mo. 695, 247 S. W. 194, supported the old rule in a dictum, but the federal rule was adopted in State v. Owens, 302 Mo. 348, 259 S. W. 100 (distinguishing earlier cases on the ground that in them no preliminary motion to dismiss had been made).
Mont. State ex rel. King v. District Court, 70 Mont. 191, 224 P. 862.
Okla. Gore v. State, 24 Okla. Cr. 394, 218 P. 545.
S. D. State v. Gooder, 57 S. D. 619, 234 N. W. 610. But cf. S. D. Laws 1935, c. 96, now S. D. Code § 34.1102 (1939), amending Rev. Code 1919, § 4606 (all evidence admissible under a valid search warrant is admissible notwithstanding defects in the issuance of the warrant).
Tenn. Hughes v. State, 145 Tenn. 544, 238 S. W. 588 (distinguishing Cohn v. State, supra, Table A).
Wash. State v. Gibbons, 118 Wash. 171, 203 P. 390.
W. Va. State v. Andrews, 91 W. Va. 720, 114 S. E. 257 (distinguishing earlier cases).
Table G.
STATES WHICH, AFTER THE Weeks DECISION, REVIEWED PRIOR CONTRARY DECISIONS AND IN SO DOING ADHERED TO THOSE DECISIONS.
Ala. Banks v. State, 207 Ala. 179, 93 So. 293.
Ark. Benson v. State, 149 Ark. 633, 233 S. W. 758.
Conn. State v. Reynolds, 101 Conn. 224, 125 A. 636.
Ga. Jackson v. State, 156 Ga. 647, 119 S. E. 525.
Kan. State v. Johnson, 116 Kan. 58, 226 P. 245.
Me. State v. Schoppe, 113 Me. 10, 16, 92 A. 867, 869 (alternative holding, not noticing Weeks).
Md. Meisinger v. State, 155 Md. 195, 141 A. 536, 142 A. 190. But cf. Md. Laws 1929, c. 194, as amended, Md. Code Ann., Art. 35, § 5 (1947 Supp.) (in trial of misdemeanors, evidence obtained by illegal search and seizure is inadmissible).
Mass. Commonwealth v. Wilkins, 243 Mass. 356, 138 N. E. 11.
Minn. State v. Pluth, 157 Minn. 145, 195 N. W. 789.
Neb. Billings v. State, 109 Neb. 596, 191 N. W. 721.
N. H. State v. Agalos, 79 N. H. 241, 242, 107 A. 314, 315 (not noticing Weeks).
N.Y. People v. Defore, 242 N. Y. 13, 150 N. E. 585; People v. Richter’s Jewelers, 291 N. Y. 161, 169, 51 N. E. 2d 690, 693 (holding that adoption of Amendment to State Constitution in same language as Civil Rights Law construed in the Defore case is not occasion for changing interpretation, especially since proceedings of the convention which framed the amendment show that no change was intended).
N. C. State v. Simmons, 183 N. C. 684, 110 S. E. 591 (distinguishing between evidentiary articles and corpus delicti).
Ore. See State v. Folkes, 174 Ore. 568, 588-89, 150 P. 2d 17, 25. But see State v. Laundy, 103 Ore. 443, 493-95, 204 P. 958, 974-75.
S. C. After granting a motion to return illegally seized property in Blacksburg v. Beam, 104 S. C. 146, 88 S. E. 441, South Carolina reaffirmed its agreement with the general rule in State v. Green, 121 S. C. 230, 114 S. E. 317.
Vt. State v. Stacy, 104 Vt. 379, 401, 160 A. 257, 266.
Table H.
STATE WHICH HAS REPUDIATED ITS PRIOR FORMULATION of the Weeks doctrine.
Iowa State v. Rowley, 197 Iowa 977, 195 N. W. 881 (

Question: Who is the respondent of the case?
年. attorney general of the United States, or his office
数. specified state board or department of education
日. city, town, township, village, or borough government or governmental unit
的. state commission, board, committee, or authority
月. county government or county governmental unit, except school district
用. court or judicial district
成. state department or agency
名. governmental employee or job applicant
时. female governmental employee or job applicant
件. minority governmental employee or job applicant
一. minority female governmental employee or job applicant
请. not listed among agencies in the first Administrative Action variable
中. retired or former governmental employee
据. U.S. House of Representatives
码. interstate compact
不. judge
新. state legislature, house, or committee
文. local governmental unit other than a county, city, town, township, village, or borough
下. governmental official, or an official of an agency established under an interstate compact
分. state or U.S. supreme court
入. local school district or board of education
人. U.S. Senate
功. U.S. senator
上. foreign nation or instrumentality
户. state or local governmental taxpayer, or executor of the estate of
为. state college or university
间. United States
号. State
取. person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime
回. advertising business or agency
在. agent, fiduciary, trustee, or executor
页. airplane manufacturer, or manufacturer of parts of airplanes
字. airline
有. distributor, importer, or exporter of alcoholic beverages
个. alien, person subject to a denaturalization proceeding, or one whose citizenship is revoked
作. American Medical Association
示. National Railroad Passenger Corp.
出. amusement establishment, or recreational facility
是. arrested person, or pretrial detainee
失. attorney, or person acting as such;includes bar applicant or law student, or law firm or bar association
表. author, copyright holder
除. bank, savings and loan, credit union, investment company
加. bankrupt person or business, or business in reorganization
败. establishment serving liquor by the glass, or package liquor store
生. water transportation, stevedore
信. bookstore, newsstand, printer, bindery, purveyor or distributor of books or magazines
类. brewery, distillery
置. broker, stock exchange, investment or securities firm
理. construction industry
本. bus or motorized passenger transportation vehicle
息. business, corporation
行. buyer, purchaser
定. cable TV
改. car dealer
市. person convicted of crime
期. tangible property, other than real estate, including contraband
以. chemical company
修. child, children, including adopted or illegitimate
元. religious organization, institution, or person
方. private club or facility
录. coal company or coal mine operator
区. computer business or manufacturer, hardware or software
单. consumer, consumer organization
位. creditor, including institution appearing as such; e.g., a finance company
型. person allegedly criminally insane or mentally incompetent to stand trial
法. defendant
县. debtor
存. real estate developer
品. disabled person or disability benefit claimant
前. distributor
称. person subject to selective service, including conscientious objector
注. drug manufacturer
值. druggist, pharmacist, pharmacy
输. employee, or job applicant, including beneficiaries of
建. employer-employee trust agreement, employee health and welfare fund, or multi-employer pension plan
能. electric equipment manufacturer
大. electric or hydroelectric power utility, power cooperative, or gas and electric company
例. eleemosynary institution or person
度. environmental organization
始. employer. If employer's relations with employees are governed by the nature of the employer's business (e.g., railroad, boat), rather than labor law generally, the more specific designation is used in place of Employer.
到. farmer, farm worker, or farm organization
面. father
载. female employee or job applicant
点. female
密. movie, play, pictorial representation, theatrical production, actor, or exhibitor or distributor of
动. fisherman or fishing company
果. food, meat packing, or processing company, stockyard
图. foreign (non-American) nongovernmental entity
提. franchiser
发. franchisee
式. lesbian, gay, bisexual, transexual person or organization
国. person who guarantees another's obligations
登. handicapped individual, or organization of devoted to
错. health organization or person, nursing home, medical clinic or laboratory, chiropractor
者. heir, or beneficiary, or person so claiming to be
认. hospital, medical center
误. husband, or ex-husband
接. involuntarily committed mental patient
关. Indian, including Indian tribe or nation
重. insurance company, or surety
第. inventor, patent assigner, trademark owner or holder
地. investor
如. injured person or legal entity, nonphysically and non-employment related
设. juvenile
目. government contractor
开. holder of a license or permit, or applicant therefor
事. magazine
可. male
要. medical or Medicaid claimant
代. medical supply or manufacturing co.
小. racial or ethnic minority employee or job applicant
选. minority female employee or job applicant
标. manufacturer
明. management, executive officer, or director, of business entity
编. military personnel, or dependent of, including reservist
求. mining company or miner, excluding coal, oil, or pipeline company
列. mother
网. auto manufacturer
万. newspaper, newsletter, journal of opinion, news service
最. radio and television network, except cable tv
器. nonprofit organization or business
所. nonresident
内. nuclear power plant or facility
体. owner, landlord, or claimant to ownership, fee interest, or possession of land as well as chattels
通. shareholders to whom a tender offer is made
务. tender offer
此. oil company, or natural gas producer
商. elderly person, or organization dedicated to the elderly
序. out of state noncriminal defendant
化. political action committee
消. parent or parents
否. parking lot or service
保. patient of a health professional
使. telephone, telecommunications, or telegraph company
次. physician, MD or DO, dentist, or medical society
机. public interest organization
对. physically injured person, including wrongful death, who is not an employee
量. pipe line company
查. package, luggage, container
部. political candidate, activist, committee, party, party member, organization, or elected official
性. indigent, needy, welfare recipient
和. indigent defendant
更. private person
后. prisoner, inmate of penal institution
证. professional organization, business, or person
题. probationer, or parolee
确. protester, demonstrator, picketer or pamphleteer (non-employment related), or non-indigent loiterer
格. public utility
了. publisher, publishing company
于. radio station
金. racial or ethnic minority
公. person or organization protesting racial or ethnic segregation or discrimination
午. racial or ethnic minority student or applicant for admission to an educational institution
円. realtor
片. journalist, columnist, member of the news media
空. resident
态. restaurant, food vendor
管. retarded person, or mental incompetent
主. retired or former employee
天. railroad
自. private school, college, or university
我. seller or vendor
全. shipper, including importer and exporter
今. shopping center, mall
来. spouse, or former spouse
正. stockholder, shareholder, or bondholder
说. retail business or outlet
意. student, or applicant for admission to an educational institution
送. taxpayer or executor of taxpayer's estate, federal only
容. tenant or lessee
已. theater, studio
结. forest products, lumber, or logging company
会. person traveling or wishing to travel abroad, or overseas travel agent
段. trucking company, or motor carrier
计. television station
源. union member
色. unemployed person or unemployment compensation applicant or claimant
時. union, labor organization, or official of
交. veteran
系. voter, prospective voter, elector, or a nonelective official seeking reapportionment or redistricting of legislative districts (POL)
过. wholesale trade
电. wife, or ex-wife
询. witness, or person under subpoena
符. network
未. slave
程. slave-owner
常. bank of the united states
条. timber company
当. u.s. job applicants or employees
情. Army and Air Force Exchange Service
口. Atomic Energy Commission
合. Secretary or administrative unit or personnel of the U.S. Air Force
车. Department or Secretary of Agriculture
实. Alien Property Custodian
组. Secretary or administrative unit or personnel of the U.S. Army
版. Board of Immigration Appeals
周. Bureau of Indian Affairs
址. Bonneville Power Administration
记. Benefits Review Board
二. Civil Aeronautics Board
同. Bureau of the Census
业. Central Intelligence Agency
权. Commodity Futures Trading Commission
其. Department or Secretary of Commerce
进. Comptroller of Currency
试. Consumer Product Safety Commission
验. Civil Rights Commission
料. Civil Service Commission, U.S.
传. Customs Service or Commissioner of Customs
述. Defense Base Closure and REalignment Commission
集. Drug Enforcement Agency
多. Department or Secretary of Defense (and Department or Secretary of War)
无. Department or Secretary of Energy
员. Department or Secretary of the Interior
报. Department of Justice or Attorney General
他. Department or Secretary of State
無. Department or Secretary of Transportation
服. Department or Secretary of Education
线. U.S. Employees' Compensation Commission, or Commissioner
这. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
制. Environmental Protection Agency or Administrator
将. Federal Aviation Agency or Administration
处. Federal Bureau of Investigation or Director
高. Federal Bureau of Prisons
子. Farm Credit Administration
道. Federal Communications Commission (including a predecessor, Federal Radio Commission)
章. Federal Credit Union Administration
手. Food and Drug Administration
库. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
三. Federal Energy Administration
从. Federal Election Commission
支. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
家. Federal Housing Administration
长. Federal Home Loan Bank Board
付. Federal Labor Relations Authority
秒. Federal Maritime Board
路. Federal Maritime Commission
完. Farmers Home Administration
象. Federal Parole Board
则. Federal Power Commission
现. Federal Railroad Administration
京. Federal Reserve Board of Governors
转. Federal Reserve System
辑. Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation
限. Federal Trade Commission
力. Federal Works Administration, or Administrator
学. General Accounting Office
外. Comptroller General
调. General Services Administration
项. Department or Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare
北. Department or Secretary of Health and Human Services
工. Department or Secretary of Housing and Urban Development
笑. Interstate Commerce Commission
监. Indian Claims Commission
任. Immigration and Naturalization Service, or Director of, or District Director of, or Immigration and Naturalization Enforcement
相. Internal Revenue Service, Collector, Commissioner, or District Director of
微. Information Security Oversight Office
册. Department or Secretary of Labor
联. Loyalty Review Board
平. Legal Services Corporation
增. Merit Systems Protection Board
听. Multistate Tax Commission
解. National Aeronautics and Space Administration
等. Secretary or administrative unit of the U.S. Navy
得. National Credit Union Administration
收. National Endowment for the Arts
安. National Enforcement Commission
价. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
藏. National Labor Relations Board, or regional office or officer
命. National Mediation Board
应. National Railroad Adjustment Board
看. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
索. National Security Agency
资. Office of Economic Opportunity
产. Office of Management and Budget
串. Office of Price Administration, or Price Administrator
布. Office of Personnel Management
原. Occupational Safety and Health Administration
知. Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission
级. Office of Workers' Compensation Programs
水. Patent Office, or Commissioner of, or Board of Appeals of
击. Pay Board (established under the Economic Stabilization Act of 1970)
好. Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation
物. U.S. Public Health Service
放. Postal Rate Commission
亿. Provider Reimbursement Review Board
经. Renegotiation Board
模. Railroad Adjustment Board
之. Railroad Retirement Board
台. Subversive Activities Control Board
州. Small Business Administration
配. Securities and Exchange Commission
画. Social Security Administration or Commissioner
统. Selective Service System
共. Department or Secretary of the Treasury
连. Tennessee Valley Authority
海. United States Forest Service
节. United States Parole Commission
退. Postal Service and Post Office, or Postmaster General, or Postmaster
間. United States Sentencing Commission
比. Veterans' Administration
问. War Production Board
至. Wage Stabilization Board
备. General Land Office of Commissioners
你. Transportation Security Administration
黑. Surface Transportation Board
或. U.S. Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corp.
与. Reconstruction Finance Corp.
影. Department or Secretary of Homeland Security
话. Unidentifiable
视. International Entity
Answer:

Answer: 号