Task: songer_typeiss

What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Your task is to determine the general category of issues discussed in the opinion of the court. Choose among the following categories. Criminal and prisioner petitions- includes appeals of conviction, petitions for post conviction relief, habeas corpus petitions, and other prisoner petitions which challenge the validity of the conviction or the sentence or the validity of continued confinement. Civil - Government - these will include appeals from administrative agencies (e.g., OSHA,FDA), the decisions of administrative law judges, or the decisions of independent regulatory agencies (e.g., NLRB, FCC,SEC). The focus in administrative law is usually on procedural principles that apply to administrative agencies as they affect private interests, primarily through rulemaking and adjudication. Tort actions against the government, including petitions by prisoners which challenge the conditions of their confinement or which seek damages for torts committed by prion officials or by police fit in this category. In addition, this category will include suits over taxes and claims for benefits from government. Diversity of Citizenship - civil cases involving disputes between citizens of different states (remember that businesses have state citizenship). These cases will always involve the application of state or local law. If the case is centrally concerned with the application or interpretation of federal law then it is not a diversity case. Civil Disputes - Private - includes all civil cases that do not fit in any of the above categories. The opposing litigants will be individuals, businesses or groups.

CLARK, Associate Justice.
Charles A. Macaboy appeals from a verdict and judgment of guilty on six counts of an indictment charging him with violation of the Harrison Narcotic Act and the Narcotic Drugs Import and Export Act. The case follows the same pattern as Dear Check Quong v. United States, - U.S. App.D.C. -, 160 F.2d 251, and Thomas Higgins v. United States,-U.S.App.D.C. -, 160 F.2d 222. Here, as in those cases, the only evidence presented by the prosecution was the testimony of the narcotic agent, who, on three occasions, had searched an informer employed by the government, given him money with instructions to make a purchase, followed the informer, keeping him always in sight, observed the transactions between the informer and appellant, and then received from the informer the packages containing the drug.
Appellant’s first point, which challenges the sufficiency of this evidence to sustain the conviction, is disposed of by our decisions in the Quong and Higgins cases wherein we held that “evidence to this effect, if believed by the jury, as it was, was sufficient to justify the verdict of guilty.”
Appellant further contends that the court below erred in failing to instruct the jury with respect to circumstantial evidence and the standards which must be met by such evidence in order to warrant conviction although he made no request for such an instruction. He maintains, however, that the better rule is that the defendant is entitled to such instruction as a matter of right without request and cites decisions of several state courts in support of this rule. Appellant also recognizes that there is considerable opposition, to the rule especially in the federal courts. It is to be noted that the states which favor the rule apply it only in cases where-the conviction is wholly dependent on circumstantial evidence and do not extend' the rule to instances where there is, as, was the case here, direct incriminatory evidence presented tending to connect defendant with the crime. Moreover, no reason is presented and none is apparent why the rule long followed in the other appellate federal courts should be departed from, by us.
Affirmed.
53 Stat. 272, 26 U.S.C.A. Int.Rev. Code, § 2554 (a).
42 Stat. 596, 21 U.S.C.A. § 174.
Hughes v. United States, 5 Cir., 231 F. 50, certiorari denied 242 U.S. 640, 37 S.Ct. 112, 61 L.Ed. 541.
Gardner v. State, 27 Wyo. 316, 196. P. 750, 15 A.L.R. 1049.

Question: What is the general category of issues discussed in the opinion of the court?
A. criminal and prisoner petitions
B. civil - government
C. diversity of citizenship
D. civil - private
E. other, not applicable
F. not ascertained
Answer:

Answer: A