Task: songer_typeiss

What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Your task is to determine the general category of issues discussed in the opinion of the court. Choose among the following categories. Criminal and prisioner petitions- includes appeals of conviction, petitions for post conviction relief, habeas corpus petitions, and other prisoner petitions which challenge the validity of the conviction or the sentence or the validity of continued confinement. Civil - Government - these will include appeals from administrative agencies (e.g., OSHA,FDA), the decisions of administrative law judges, or the decisions of independent regulatory agencies (e.g., NLRB, FCC,SEC). The focus in administrative law is usually on procedural principles that apply to administrative agencies as they affect private interests, primarily through rulemaking and adjudication. Tort actions against the government, including petitions by prisoners which challenge the conditions of their confinement or which seek damages for torts committed by prion officials or by police fit in this category. In addition, this category will include suits over taxes and claims for benefits from government. Diversity of Citizenship - civil cases involving disputes between citizens of different states (remember that businesses have state citizenship). These cases will always involve the application of state or local law. If the case is centrally concerned with the application or interpretation of federal law then it is not a diversity case. Civil Disputes - Private - includes all civil cases that do not fit in any of the above categories. The opposing litigants will be individuals, businesses or groups.

HOLMES, Circuit Judge.
Appellant was convicted on three counts of an indictment, the first charging him with conspiracy under 18 U.S.C.A. § 88; the second charging him with bribery of a person acting for and in behalf of the United States in an official function, in violation of 18 U.S.C.A. § 91; and the. third charging him with evading service in the armed forces of the United States, in violation of 50 U.S.C.A.Appendix, § 311.
The record shows that appellant was ordered by the local draft board at Houston, Texas, to report for pre-induction physical examination, and that before leaving the induction center he was advised that he had passed it successfully. His informant was Sergeant Feigle, whose duty it was to examine the papers of the men and tell them whether or not they had passed. It was also Feigle’s duty to check their records to see for what branch of the service they had qualified, and to send them to the assignment officer.
Feigle told appellant that, on account of his age, he did not see why he was accepted, to which appellant replied that he could not understand it either, as he had been rejected twice on account of a foot injury. Both appellant and Feigle testified that after some conversation in regard to his being accepted, Feigle asked him if he would pay $50 to keep out of the army. Appellant told him he would, and a few hours later he delivered the money to Feigle, who told him there was a man “up in front that could fix his papers” so he would not have to go to the army. Feigle introduced appellant to Sergeant Redwine, who was the statistical clerk at the induction center and who prepared for the draft boards the records on the disposition of the selectees who were sent in for pre-induction examinations. Feigle and Redwine divided the $50 equally. Redwine testified that where appellant’s worksheet stated “cardio vascular” normal, he changed it to read “valvular heart disease,” with the notation “disqualified,” and then changed the back of the medical worksheet from “accepted” to read “rejected.” When the reports were returned to the local draft board, appellant, on July 25, 1945, was reclassified in 4 — F.
Appellant contends that the verdict of the jury was the result of prejudice due to the voluntary statement of the witness Feigle that in an anonymous telephone call he had been informed that defendant had served in the penitentiary for murder, and had been warned to “take it pretty easy” when he got up in the court room. The trial court immediately excluded this statement, and instructed the jury to disregard it entirely. No motion to discharge the jury and enter a mistrial was made. It was not error for the court not to enter a mistrial of its own motion. A defendant cannot experiment by letting the jury render a verdict without obj ection, and then upon conviction take the position that the voluntary statement of a witness was so prejudicial as to entitle him to a new trial.
Appellant further contends that his testimony on cross-examination, over his objection, as to arrests made in 1932 and as to his conviction of robbery by assault in 1933, served only to prejudice the minds of the jury, and constituted reversible error. These points have nothing to do with the right of a defendant not to be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself. The appellant voluntarily took the witness stand in his own behalf, thereby waiving his constitutional immunity and causing his credibility as a witness to become an issue in the case. The trial court committed no error in permitting him on cross-examination to be questioned with regard to statements made by him to special agents of the Federal Bureau of Investigation while under arrest It was the Government’s privilege to question him with regard to any statements he had made that were pertinent to the issues, and to point out any inconsistencies between such statements and his testimony at the trial. Replying to these questions, appellant in effect stated that he told the agents only that he would not discuss the case without first talking to his lawyer.
As to his conviction of robbery by assault in 1933, it is well settled that such evidence is admissible for purposes of impeachment. Whether the conviction was so remote as to have no probative value was a question addressed to the sound discretion of the trial court. That discretion was not abused by the admission of this evidence.
Appellant’s assignment that the trial court charged the jury improperly is not well taken. The court fully instructed the jury as to every element of the offenses charged in the indictment. It also, after a conference at the bench with counsel, gave the jury an additional charge to the effect that the defendant must have had the intention of violating the law. Furthermore, no objection was made to any part of the charge or to the court’s refusal to give requested instructions.
The jury were well warranted in returning a verdict of guilty. The appellant’s own testimony supported every fact charged in the indictment except the one of guilty intent, and on that question also the issue was properly submitted to the jury. There being ample evidence to support the verdict, and no reversible error appearing, the judgment appealed from is
Affirmed.
Etie v. U. S., 5 Cir., 55 F.2d 114.
Glasser v. United States, 315 U.S. 60, 62 S.Ct. 457, 86 L.Ed. 680; United States v. Buckner, 2 Cir., 108 F.2d 921, certiorari denied 309 U.S. 669, 60 S.Ct. 613, 84 L.Ed. 1016; Banning v. United States, 6 Cir., 130 F.2d 330, certiorari denied, 317 U.S. 695, 63 S.Ct 434, 87 L.Ed. 556.
Fire Association of Philadelphia v. Weathered, 5 Cir., 62 F.2d 78; Goddard v. United States, 5 Cir., 131 F.2d 220; Burt v. United States, 5 Cir., 139 F.2d 73.

Question: What is the general category of issues discussed in the opinion of the court?
A. criminal and prisoner petitions
B. civil - government
C. diversity of citizenship
D. civil - private
E. other, not applicable
F. not ascertained
Answer:

Answer: A