Task: songer_appbus

What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Intervenors who participated as parties at the courts of appeals should be counted as either appellants or respondents when it can be determined whose position they supported. For example, if there were two plaintiffs who lost in district court, appealed, and were joined by four intervenors who also asked the court of appeals to reverse the district court, the number of appellants should be coded as six.
In some cases there is some confusion over who should be listed as the appellant and who as the respondent. This confusion is primarily the result of the presence of multiple docket numbers consolidated into a single appeal that is disposed of by a single opinion. Most frequently, this occurs when there are cross appeals and/or when one litigant sued (or was sued by) multiple litigants that were originally filed in district court as separate actions. The coding rule followed in such cases should be to go strictly by the designation provided in the title of the case. The first person listed in the title as the appellant should be coded as the appellant even if they subsequently appeared in a second docket number as the respondent and regardless of who was characterized as the appellant in the opinion.
To clarify the coding conventions, consider the following hypothetical case in which the US Justice Department sues a labor union to strike down a racially discriminatory seniority system and the corporation (siding with the position of its union) simultaneously sues the government to get an injunction to block enforcement of the relevant civil rights law. From a district court decision that consolidated the two suits and declared the seniority system illegal but refused to impose financial penalties on the union, the corporation appeals and the government and union file cross appeals from the decision in the suit brought by the government. Assume the case was listed in the Federal Reporter as follows:
United States of America,
Plaintiff, Appellant
v
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendant, Appellee.
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendants, Cross-appellants
v
United States of America.
Widgets, Inc. & Susan Kuersten Sheehan, President & Chairman
of the Board
Plaintiff, Appellants,
v
United States of America,
Defendant, Appellee.
This case should be coded as follows:Appellant = United States, Respondents = International Brotherhood of Widget Workers Widgets, Inc., Total number of appellants = 1, Number of appellants that fall into the category "the federal government, its agencies, and officials" = 1, Total number of respondents = 3, Number of respondents that fall into the category "private business and its executives" = 2, Number of respondents that fall into the category "groups and associations" = 1.
Note that if an individual is listed by name, but their appearance in the case is as a government official, then they should be counted as a government rather than as a private person. For example, in the case "Billy Jones & Alfredo Ruiz v Joe Smith" where Smith is a state prisoner who brought a civil rights suit against two of the wardens in the prison (Jones & Ruiz), the following values should be coded: number of appellants that fall into the category "natural persons" =0 and number that fall into the category "state governments, their agencies, and officials" =2. A similar logic should be applied to businesses and associations. Officers of a company or association whose role in the case is as a representative of their company or association should be coded as being a business or association rather than as a natural person. However, employees of a business or a government who are suing their employer should be coded as natural persons. Likewise, employees who are charged with criminal conduct for action that was contrary to the company policies should be considered natural persons.
If the title of a case listed a corporation by name and then listed the names of two individuals that the opinion indicated were top officers of the same corporation as the appellants, then the number of appellants should be coded as three and all three were coded as a business (with the identical detailed code). Similar logic should be applied when government officials or officers of an association were listed by name.
Your specific task is to determine the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "private business and its executives". If the total number cannot be determined (e.g., if the appellant is listed as "Smith, et. al." and the opinion does not specify who is included in the "et.al."), then answer 99.

J. SPENCER BELL, Circuit Judge.
The petitioner appeals from a district court order dismissing his petition for a writ of habeas corpus without a plenary hearing. Joseph E. Magee was found guilty of murder on April 12, 1961, by a jury in the Court of Hustings of the City of Portsmouth, Virginia, and received a sentence of life imprisonment. On April 14, 1961, he wrote a letter from jail to the judge who presided at his trial in which the following statement appeared: “Your honor if possible will you write me a letter and let me know if I have any rights for another trial or not.” On May 1, 1961, the petitioner wrote to Norman Olitsky, an attorney who had been retained by the Magee family for the trial, and asked that he request a new trial and, that failing, note an appeal to the Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals. On May 11, 1961, Olitsky wrote the petitioner that an additional fee would be necessary before an appeal would be noted. 2He further erroneously informed the petitioner that the time for appealing had expired. On May 22, 1961, the petitioner’s father wrote the trial judge with reference to his son’s efforts “to seek a new trial.” In the course of this letter, the father said:
“In relation to our finances, it is not possible for us to employ another lawyer or to pay another lawyer’s fee and in case you reconsider the case and grant a new trial' we would appreciate your appointing a lawyer to handle the case.”
The trial judge did not answer either of the letters, the statutory time for noting an appeal lapsed, and no further action was taken.
After having exhausted his state post-conviction remedies, the petitioner filed his habeas corpus petition pro se in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia on April 17, 1964. This petition listed eight “grounds for relief,” one of which was the failure of the state trial judge to appoint counsel to assist him in seeking a writ of error from the Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia. On this point, the state habeas court found
“that at the time of his communication with the presiding judge, petitioner was represented by a privately retained attorney, nor had this attorney been discharged by the petitioner; that petitioner’s communication with the presiding judge did not constitute a request of the judge to appoint an attorney to prosecute petitioner’s appeal to the Supreme Court of Appeals in forma pau-peris.”
The federal district court judge considered Magee’s habeas petition on the pleadings before him and the record of the state habeas hearing. He reached the conclusion that the petitioner had received a full and fair evidentiary hearing in the state court on both his state and federal claims and that the findings and conclusions of that court on federal constitutional law issues were proper and supported by the record. He therefore dismissed the petition without a hearing, and this appeal followed.
We agree with the district court that the state habeas court conducted a full and fair evidentiary hearing on Magee’s petition, but we cannot agree that the petition was properly dismissed. There can be no doubt that the petition alleged the denial of a fundamental constitutional right, i. e., the right to the assistance of counsel on appeal. Douglas v. California, 372 U.S. 353, 83 S.Ct. 814, 9 L.Ed.2d 811 (1963); cf. Gideon v. Wainwright, 372 U.S. 335, 83 S.Ct. 792, 9 L.Ed.2d 799 (1963). It is not disputed that the petitioner did not in fact have the assistance of counsel in appealing his conviction, and we think the letter from the petitioner’s father constituted a sufficient assertion of indigency to eliminate any meritorious challenge on that point. The key inquiry, therefore, is whether the petitioner properly asserted the right to have the assistance of court-appointed counsel to seek appellate review.
The state contends that the right was not properly invoked because the letters from the petitioner and his father mentioned. only a new trial, not an appeal. We think, however, that these letters from laymen seeking legal aid should not be construed so narrowly. Brown v. Allen, 344 U.S. 443, 502, 73 S.Ct. 397, 97 L.Ed. 469 (1953) (separate opinion of Frankfurter, J.); Price v. Johnston, 334 U.S. 266, 292, 68 S.Ct. 1049, 92 L.Ed. 1356 (1948); Newsom v. Peyton, 341 F.2d 904 (4 Cir. 1965); Coleman v. Peyton, 340 F.2d 603 (4 Cir. 1965). The state court trial judge could not properly assume that the petitioner’s trial counsel was still retained and would represent him on appeal in the face of the father’s letter plainly stating that the family was without funds to employ an attorney to handle any further legal proceedings. A simple inquiry by the presiding judge of either the defendant or counsel of record would have revealed the true state of affairs.
In our opinion, the facts which were amply developed by the state habeas court do not support the conclusion that the communications by Magee and his father did not constitute “a request to the judge to appoint an attorney to prosecute petitioner’s appeal in forma pauperis.” The district court’s ruling that there was no improper application of federal constitutional law by the state court is therefore erroneous.
At oral argument before this court recently on another appeal' involving facts strikingly similar to those in this case, counsel for the state asserted that if letters initially not considered as constituting a notice of appeal were held to be a timely filed notice of appeal, then the Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia, under its recent practice, might be willing to appoint counsel for a petitioner now and consider his appeal. Newsom v. Peyton, supra. That statement of Virginia practice is applicable to the present case in view of our interpretation of the letters received by the presiding judge at Magee’s trial.
The case is remanded to the district court with directions to retain it for a reasonable time in order that an application may be made to the Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia to appoint counsel for the petitioner and make some disposition of his appeal. If the highest court of Virginia will still consider Ma-gee’s appeal, there is no need for further action in the federal courts on this case in its present posture. If, however, the state court will not now consider Magee’s appeal, the district court should enter an order directing that the respondent either retry the petitioner within a reasonable time or release him.
Remanded with instructions.
. Olitsky’s exact language was as follows: “In order to note an Appeal for your conviction, which I personally feel will not succeed, will require a fee, which I have not, as yet, received.”
. It would appear that the attorney probably intended to advise Magee that the time for filing a motion for a new trial had passed. We are advised by counsel that under Virginia procedure such a motion in this case had to be filed within twenty-one days afer the return of the jury’s verdict. We are further advised by counsel that the time for noting an appeal in this case was sixty days after the entry of judgment.
. Our disposition of this ease makes it unnecessary for us to consider the other allegations of an abridgment of the petitioner’s legal rights.

Question: What is the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "private business and its executives"? Answer with a number.
Answer:

Answer: 0