Source: http://www.czasopisma.wolterskluwer.pl/panstwo-i-prawo/zawartosc-numerow/1722-przeglad-prawa-publicznego-5-2039
Timestamp: 2020-02-22 15:37:30
Legal References Found: Art. 77

Art. 77
 art. 50
 art. 50
 art. 50
 Art. 50
 Art. 50
 art. 640
 Art. 656
 Art. 639
 Art. 45
 Art. 45

Document Content:
Zadośćuczynienie za szkodę niemajątkową wyrządzoną przez władzę publiczną.
Uwagi na tle Europejskiej Konwencji Praw Człowieka
Zadośćuczynienie za szkodę niemajątkową wyrządzoną przez władzę publiczną. Uwagi na tle Europejskiej Konwencji Praw Człowieka
Art. 77 Konstytucji formułuje prawo podmiotowe do uzyskania adekwatnego naprawienia szkody majątkowej i niemajątkowej, które zapewni zrekompensowanie doznanego uszczerbku stosownie do jego charakteru. Wymieniony przepis został skonkretyzowany przede wszystkim w kodeksie cywilnym, jednakże naprawienie szkody może wymagać podjęcia środków spoza zakresu prawa cywilnego. Standardy dotyczące naprawiania szkód niemajątkowych zostały wypracowane ponadto w orzecznictwie ETPC. W przypadku stwierdzenia naruszenia EKPC, trybunał strasburski zasądza z reguły określone kwoty pieniężne tytułem wynagrodzenia szkody niemajątkowej. Prawodawstwo polskie i orzecznictwo EKPC przyjmują przy tym odmienne rozumienie szkody niemajątkowej (uszczerbek w dobrach osobistych/cierpienia i inne nieprzyjemne odczucia), a ponadto różnią się w podejściu do kwestii ciężaru dowodu, przesłanki związku przyczynowego między naruszeniem prawa a szkodą niemajątkową, a także do wysokości zadośćuczynienia. W dłuższej perspektywie czasowej promieniowanie EKPC doprowadzi zapewne do przekształcenia polskiego modelu zadośćuczynienia za naruszenia praw jednostki zagwarantowanych w EKPC.
Słowa kluczowe: szkoda niemajątkowa, zadośćuczynienie, odpowiedzialność władzy publicznej
Compensation for non-pecuniary damage caused by public authorities. Remarks in the context of the European Convention on Human Rights
Art. 77 of the Polish Constitution guarantees a legal right to adequate compensation for pecuniary and non-pecuniary damage, ensuring that the forms of compensation for the damage suffered correspond to its nature. This constitutional provision has been implemented, first and foremost, in the Civil Code, but adequate compensation may require measures which do not belong to civil law.
The standards concerning compensation for non-pecuniary damage have also been developed in the case law of the ECtHR. The Court in Strasbourg, when finding a violation of the ECHR, awards most often a certain amount of money as compensation for non-pecuniary damage. However, Polish law and ECHR-based case law use different definitions of non-pecuniary damage (infringement of a personal interest/suffering and other unpleasant feelings). They also differ in the approach to the burden of proof, to the causal link between the violation and the non-pecuniary damage, and to the amount of compensation to be paid. In the long run, under the influence of the ECHR, the Polish model of compensation for violations of rights of the individual guaranteed in the Convention will probably change.
Keywords: non-pecuniary damage, compensation, liability of public authority
O pewnej wizji dogmatyki prawa jako nauki
Słowa kluczowe: prawoznawstwo, dogmatyka prawa, nauka idiograficzna, nomotentyzm, naukowość prawoznawstwa, zarzut von Kirchmanna
On a certain vision of the dogmatics of law as a science
According to currently dominant views, the dogmatics of law includes, in particular, analysis and systematisation of the laws in force, but it also takes into account how legal provisions are applied and how they function in specific economic and socio-political contexts. As part of this study, historical and comparative research is also conducted; the author does not shy away from criticism of the laws in force. Dogmatics is considered to be idiographic and its scientific nature is sometimes questioned (J. von Kirchmann). Using and developing the concepts of the semantics of possible worlds (S. Kripke, J. Woleński), one can, however, discern in dogmatics at least certain features of the nomothetic approach. An interpretation of dogmatics as a field of study having the features of nomothetic approach enables one to refute the objections that it lacks scientific qualities. It also explains a number of intuitions nourished by dogmatics. Finally, it creates the opportunity of reformulating the current methodological postulates adopted by dogmatists and incorporating them into a new structure, as well as formulate.
Keywords: jurisprudence, dogmatics of law, idiographic research, nomothetic research, the science of jurisprudence, von Kirchmann's allegation
Dr Michał Łyszkowski
Dr hab. Witold Płowiec
Postanowienie tymczasowe Trybunału Konstytucyjnego
Słowa kluczowe: Trybunał Konstytucyjny, postanowienie tymczasowe, zawieszenie lub wstrzymanie wykonania orzeczenia, skarga konstytucyjna, postępowanie przed Trybunałem Konstytucyjnym
Provisional decision of the Constitutional Tribunal in proceedings concerning a constitutional complaint
The provisional decision was introduced into the Polish legal order together with the constitutional complaint as an instrument allowing to suspend the execution of a specific decision of a court or a public administration authority if its execution could cause serious damage for the complainant or when said suspension is justified by another important interest of the complainant or an important public interest.
Without the institution of a provisional decision, a constitutional complaint would not be effective as a means of protecting constitutional rights and freedoms in many situations. If the complainant obtains the Tribunal's judgment on the unconstitutionality of the regulation which was the basis for the final decision, he/she has the possibility to challenge the decision. However, if the execution of this decision produces irrevocable consequences or another important interest of the complainant is violated, the judgment of the Tribunal may be unsatisfactory for him/her, which may raise doubts as to the effectiveness of the constitutional complaint as a means of protection of constitutional rights and freedoms. Hence the need to strengthen the protection of rights and freedoms with a legal institution preventing the execution of decisions issued on the basis of unconstitutional provisions
Keywords: Constitutional Court, provisional decision, suspension enforcement of the ruling, constitutional complaint, proceedings before the Constitutional Tribunal
Czy nowy wymiar ochrony sądowej w sprawach bezczynności administracji lub przewlekłego prowadzenia postępowania?
Słowa kluczowe: bezczynność administracji, przewlekłe prowadzenie postępowania, postępowanie administracyjne, postępowanie sądowoadministracyjne, roszczenia cywilne z tytułu bezczynności organu lub przewlekłego prowadzenia postępowania administracyjnego
A new dimension of judicial protection in cases involving administrative authorities’ failure to act or excessive length of proceedings?
The domestic regulation of judicial protection against administrative authorities’ failure to act or excessive length of proceedings has significantly changed as a result of the amendments of the Act on Proceedings before Administrative Courts passed on 15 August 2015. This change has not been sufficiently recognised in the practice of law. Understanding the essence and, above all, the purpose of the complaint about failure to act (excessive length of proceedings) is still based on views developed in the case law of the one-instance Supreme Administrative Court. The contemporary adjudicating powers of provincial administrative courts allow them, in my opinion, to accord the individual full protection against administrative authorities’ unlawful failure to act or excessive length of proceedings, notably by opening the possibility for citizens to lodge civil claims.
Keywords: failure to act on the part of administrative authorities, excessive length of proceedings, administrative proceedings, proceedings before administrative courts, civil claims for an authority’s failure to act or excessive length of administrative proceedings
Stwierdzenie nieważności rozkazu personalnego o nawiązaniu, zmianie albo rozwiązaniu stosunku służbowego
Słowa kluczowe: Policja, ustawa o Policji, stosunek służbowy, droga służbowa, rozkaz personalny (decyzja administracyjna)
Declaration of invalidity of a personal command on the establishment, modification or termination of a service relationship
This article deals with issues concerning the legal construction of declaration of invalidity of a special kind of administrative decision, namely personal command concerning the establishment, transfer, and termination of a service relationship with a police officer. The service relationship of the police officer is based exclusively on administrative law. The Act of 6 April 1990 on the Police is a comprehensive regulation of all issues concerning this relationship. Therefore, other regulations can be applied to police officers only in cases when a specific provision of the Act on the Police permits it. Usually, the application of the Code of Administrative Procedure, in particular the provisions relating to this issue, is excluded. This instrument applies exclusively to matters not regulated by official practice or in implementing instruments. The basis for their application is § 19(2) of the Regulation of 14 May 2013 of the Minister of Internal Affairs on detailed rights and obligations and the service record of police officers. Moreover, this article discusses the character of the procedure of declaring a personal command invalid, the rights and obligations of police officers who have submitted such an application, as well as the authorities having the power to receive and examine such an application.
Keywords: police, act on the Police, service relationship, chain of command, personal command (administrative decision)
Dr Agnieszka Dalecka-Werpachowska
Kilka uwag na temat sposobów inicjacji procesu wykrywczego w sprawach dotyczących przestępczości korupcyjnej
Słowa kluczowe: korupcja, inicjacja postępowania przygotowawczego, badania aktowe, klauzula niekaralności, czynności operacyjno-rozpoznawcze
A few remarks on how to initiate the detection process in cases involving corruption offences
The timing of obtaining the first information about corruption is of great importance in the context of the effectiveness of law enforcement activities. It also influences the type and dynamics of the activities undertaken.
This article discusses the results of examination of files of corruption cases in the way law enforcement agencies obtain the first information about this type of offencee. The case files have been legally terminated in the period from 1 January 2000 to 30 June 2014 within the jurisdiction area of the District Court in Gdansk.
In this article, the author presents the results of the study and identifies four main approaches to initiating preparatory proceedings related to corruption offences: the investigative operations, apprehending the perpetrator during committing the offence, the offence report and separation of materials to be handled separately. The analysis is supplemented by statistical data and reflections on the effectiveness of the adopted legal solutions aimed at combating corruption.
Keywords: corruption, initiation of preparatory proceedings, case file studies, prosecution preclusion clause, investigative operations
Mgr Iwona Parchimowicz
Prof. dr hab. Waldemar Gontarski
Artykuł 50 Traktatu o Unii Europejskiej. Liczba możliwości prawnych po Brexicie (artykuł recenzyjny)
Autor recenzowanej publikacji, J.C Piris (Which Options Would Be Available for the United Kingdom in the Case of a Withdrawal from the EU?, [w:] Britain Alone! The Implications and Consequences of United Kingdom Exit from the EU, red. P.J. Birkinshaw, A. Biondi, Kluwer Law International 2016), zastosował podejście statyczne do rozstrzygania zagadnienia konsekwencji prawnych wystąpienia Wielkiej Brytanii z Unii Europejskiej. Uwzględnił jedynie art. 50 Traktatu o Unii Europejskiej oraz istniejące stosunki zewnętrzne Unii uregulowane klasycznym prawem międzynarodowym. Na tej podstawie wyodrębnił siedem alternatywnych „opcji ram prawnych”, które miałyby ustanowić stosunki pomiędzy WB i UE po Brexicie – i doszedł do wniosku, iż żadna z tych opcji nie wydaje się zadowalająca dla WB. Natomiast autorzy niniejszego artykułu recenzyjnego biorąc pod uwagę potencjał gospodarczy i militarny tego państwa (stały członek Rady Bezpieczeństwa ONZ) z jednej strony, a z drugiej dotychczasowe relacje WB z unijnym rynkiem wewnętrznym, zwracają uwagę, że bardziej prawdopodobne wydaje się podejście dynamiczne. Można sobie wyobrazić przyszłe relacje unijno-brytyjskie, które wyjdą zarówno poza możliwości, jakie daje procedura określona w art. 50 TUE, jak i poza obecne modele stosunków międzynarodowych. Taki też wniosek można wyciągnąć z negocjacji Brexitu (i przygotowań do nich), począwszy od wystąpienie premier brytyjskiej, wygłoszonego w dniu 17 stycznia 2017 r. w Lancaster House. Tym bardziej, że przepisy art. 50 TUE w wieloraki sposób generują niepewność prawną – opisywaną szczegółowo w artykule recenzyjnym – która nie leży ani w interesie UE, ani WB.
Słowa kluczowe: wystąpienie jednostronne, niepewność, ramy prawne po Brexicie
Article 50 of the Treaty on the European Union. How many legal possibilities are there after Brexit (review article)
J.C Piris, the author of the publication this review concerns: “Which Options Would Be Available for the United Kingdom in the Case of a Withdrawal from the EU?” (in:) Britain Alone! The Implications and Consequences of United Kingdom Exit from the EU, P.J. Birkinshaw, A. Biondi (eds.), Kluwer Law International 2016, adopted a static approach to addressing the issue of legal consequences of the United Kingdom withdrawing from the European Union. He considered only Art. 50 of the Treaty on European Union and the existing external relations of the EU, regulated under classic international law. On this basis he distinguished seven alternative legal framework options – which would shape the relations between the UK and the EU after Brexit – and came to the conclusion that none of these options seemed satisfactory to the UK. However, the authors of this review article, taking into account the economic and military potential of that country (a permanent member of the UN Security Council) on the one hand and the existing relations of the UK with the EU internal market on the other, point out that a dynamic approach seems more likely. One can imagine the future EU-UK relations that will reach beyond the possibilities offered by the procedure laid down in Art. 50 TEU and beyond the current models of international relations. Such a conclusion can be drawn from the Brexit negotiations (and preparations for them), starting with the speech delivered by the British Prime Minister on 17 January 2017 at Lancaster House.
Keywords: unilateral withdrawal, uncertainty, legal framework after Brexit
W odpowiedzi na „polemikę” Magdaleny Budyn-Kulik
In response to a ‘polemic’ by Magdalena Budyn-Kulik
This article is a response to the comments of Magdalena Budyn-Kulik re-garding the review of her book entitled Umyślność w prawie karnym i psycho-logii. Teoria i praktyka (Warsaw 2015, pp. 711). This response expresses an opi-nion about the author’s polemic, as well as the substantive issues related to the mens rea of an offence. In particular, it points out that the difference between deliberate intent and the so-called recklessness already takes place in the intel-lectual sphere.Słowa kluczowe: umyślność, lekkomyślność, prawo karne, strona podmio-towa przestępstwaKeywords: deliberate intent, recklessness, criminal law, mens rea of an offence.
Glosa do wyroku Sądu Najwyższego z 27.04.2017 r., II CSK 323/16 (zastosowanie art. 640 k.c. per analogiam do umowy o roboty budowlane)
Słowa kluczowe: umowa o roboty budowlane, umowa o dzieło, analogia legis, kodeks cywilny
Commentary on Supreme Court judgment of 27 April 2017, II CSK 323/16 (per analogiam application of Article 640 of Civil Code to a construction contract agreement)
The commented judgment concerns an issue which is contentious, in both literature and case law, while important for practice: the scope of application of the provisions on specific work contracts (Art. 627 of the Civil Code – CC) to construction works contracts. The dispute results from the framework regulation on the construction works contracts in the Civil Code and the narrow scope of reference to the provisions on specific work contracts contained in Art. 656(1) CC. The main problem discussed by the Supreme Court was the issue of permissibility of applying Art. 639 and 640 CC to a construction works contract. Both these articles serve to protect the interests of the contractor under a specific work contract if the contract cannot be performed due to obstacles attributable to the employer or due to lack of necessary cooperation on the employer’s part.
Keywords: construction contract agreement, specific work contracts, analogia legis, civil code
Glosa do wyroku Sądu Najwyższego z 24.08.2016 r., V KK 33/16 (przepadek równowartości korzyści majątkowej pochodzącej z przestępstwa)
Słowa kluczowe: korzyść majątkowa, przestępstwo, przepadek, kodeks karny
Commentary on Supreme Court judgment of 24 August 2016, V KK 33/16 (confiscation of the equivalent of a financial benefit gained as a result of an offence)
This paper concerns an analysis of the judgment issued by the Supreme Court on 24 August 2016, where the Court discusses the reasons for ordering confiscation of the equivalent of a financial benefit gained as a result of an offence, which legal institution is regulated in Art. 45(1) of the Criminal Code. The author agrees with the operative part formulated by the Supreme Court, namely that ordering confiscation of the equivalent of the financial benefit gained by the perpetrator as a result of the committed offence does not require identifying the specific assets at the time of issuing the order. The paper discusses the notion of financial benefit and analyses the reasons for ordering confiscation of the equivalent of such a benefit, which are specified in Art. 45(1) of the Criminal Code.
Keywords: financial benefit, offence, confiscation, Criminal Code