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Please answer the following question by reasoning step-by-step. What is the process by which living things give rise to offspring?\nOptions:\n- (A) DNA\n- (B) photosynthesis\n- (C) bird\n- (D) sex\n- (E) subtraction\n- (F) gametes\n- (G) eggs\n- (H) ovum
(D)
Reproduction is the process by which living things give rise to offspring. Sex equals reproduction. Sex is the process by which living things give rise to offspring. So, the final answer is (D)
flan_cot_qasc
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Use reasoning to lead to the answer of the following question: What comes from reproduction?\nOptions:\n- (A) babies\n- (B) protein\n- (C) pollution\n- (D) dead cells\n- (E) Energy\n- (F) seeds\n- (G) Most plants\n- (H) children
(H)
Reproduction is the process by which living things give rise to offspring. Most people want to have children who are the biological offspring of both parents. Reproduction is the process by which living things produce children. So, the final answer is (H)
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Answer the following question, with explanation first. How do living things have children?\nOptions:\n- (A) death\n- (B) people\n- (C) humans\n- (D) babies\n- (E) it needs them\n- (F) reproduction\n- (G) mitosis\n- (H) production
(F)
Reproduction is the process by which living things give rise to offspring. Seed refers to offspring, children. Living things use reproduction to have children. Therefore, the answer is (F)
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I'll give you a question, please answer with step-by-step reasoning process. Where do platypus females construct their homes for egg laying?\nOptions:\n- (A) loose dirt\n- (B) out in the open\n- (C) loose soil\n- (D) Summer\n- (E) rocky areas\n- (F) autumn\n- (G) soft soil\n- (H) compacted soil
(G)
Platypus females lay their eggs in a burrow. Burrows are constructed in soft soil. Platypus females lay their eggs in homes constructed in soft soil. So, the answer is (G)
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How do platypus lay eggs?\nOptions:\n- (A) epidermis and dermis\n- (B) on a flat plane\n- (C) in a tree\n- (D) fur and fat\n- (E) during the day\n- (F) it keeps an organism warm\n- (G) in a dug out area\n- (H) in the water Step-by-step reasoning process below:
(G)
Platypus females lay their eggs in a burrow. Burrows dug by badgers are also important in many areas. Platypus females lay eggs in a dug out area. The final answer: (G)
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Please answer the following question by reasoning step-by-step. What does not normally lay eggs?\nOptions:\n- (A) swea\n- (B) insects\n- (C) Mammal\n- (D) chickens\n- (E) cows\n- (F) animals\n- (G) parasites\n- (H) ducks
(C)
Platypus females lay their eggs in a burrow. Although the platypus is a mammal, it is bizarre and lays eggs. Mammals do not usually lay eggs. Final answer: (C)
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Some invertebrates may have which feature?\nOptions:\n- (A) invertebrate\n- (B) fat\n- (C) gills\n- (D) exception\n- (E) three\n- (F) mollusk\n- (G) complex\n- (H) shell A step-by-step solution is:
(H)
Most mollusks have shells. Mollusks are invertebrates and are no exception. Some invertebrates have shells. So, the answer is (H)
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Mussels have what?\nOptions:\n- (A) seaweed\n- (B) arms\n- (C) Energy\n- (D) a shell\n- (E) warmth\n- (F) bacteria\n- (G) Length\n- (H) legs Let's be accurate as possible. Think before you answer.
(D)
Most mollusks have shells. Mussels are bivalve mollusks. Mussels have shells. So, the final answer is (D)
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Most of what type of animal is known for having a shell?\nOptions:\n- (A) fossils\n- (B) toads\n- (C) eggs\n- (D) swea\n- (E) small\n- (F) insects\n- (G) porous\n- (H) snail Step-by-step reasoning:
(H)
Most mollusks have shells. Among mollusks, the golden snail is a survivalist. Most snails have shells. So, the final answer is (H)
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What has a water vascular system with tube feet?\nOptions:\n- (A) humans\n- (B) blastoids\n- (C) bushes\n- (D) orchids\n- (E) Most plants\n- (F) ferns\n- (G) bacteria\n- (H) the Sun Reason slowly and give your answer.
(B)
Echinoderms have a unique water vascular system with tube feet. Echinoderms in the diorama include the crinoids and blastoids. Blastoids have a unique water vascular system with tube feet. The answer is (B)
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What is an example of an echinoderm?\nOptions:\n- (A) a fish\n- (B) eel\n- (C) starfish\n- (D) parasites\n- (E) ferns\n- (F) shark\n- (G) fertile\n- (H) algae Stream of thoughts:
(C)
Echinoderms have a unique water vascular system with tube feet. Each starfish arm is lined with tube feet. Starfish are an echinoderm with a unique water vascular system. The final answer: (C)
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I'll give you a question, please answer with step-by-step reasoning process. What kind of animals has a water vascular system with tubed feet?\nOptions:\n- (A) animals\n- (B) starfish\n- (C) reeds\n- (D) insects\n- (E) warm-blooded\n- (F) sponges\n- (G) sea coral\n- (H) four limbs
(B)
Echinoderms have a unique water vascular system with tube feet. Echinoderms are represented by the starfish. Starfish have a unique water vascular system with tube feet. The answer: (B)
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How do echinoderms use their feet to locomote themselves?\nOptions:\n- (A) one at a time\n- (B) to move people\n- (C) running and lifting\n- (D) protein channels\n- (E) a hydraulic system\n- (F) it needs them\n- (G) undulations\n- (H) It helps them survive Let's be accurate as possible. Think before you answer.
(E)
Echinoderms have a unique water vascular system with tube feet. Echinoderms have a hydraulic system of locomotion called the water vascular system. Echinoderms have a hydraulic system of locomotion with tube feet. Thus, the answer is (E)
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What phylum do starfish belong to?\nOptions:\n- (A) fertile\n- (B) animals\n- (C) Echinoderm.\n- (D) Mollusca.\n- (E) Sponge.\n- (F) Absorb light\n- (G) Annelid.\n- (H) a fish Reason slowly and give your answer.
(C)
Echinoderms have a unique water vascular system with tube feet. Each starfish arm is lined with tube feet. Starfish are echinoderms. The final answer: (C)
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Where does a starfish have its water vascular system?\nOptions:\n- (A) salt and water.\n- (B) Chlorophyll\n- (C) the environment\n- (D) in its arms\n- (E) on the rocks\n- (F) in its eyes\n- (G) Epidermis\n- (H) in the ocean Step-by-step reasoning process below:
(D)
Echinoderms have a unique water vascular system with tube feet. Each starfish arm is lined with tube feet. Each starfish arm contains part of the water vascular system. Final answer: (D)
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Use reasoning to answer the following question. Which has a unique water vascular system?\nOptions:\n- (A) roots\n- (B) trees\n- (C) Conifers\n- (D) Echinoids\n- (E) fur seals\n- (F) Most plants\n- (G) ferns\n- (H) bushes
(D)
Echinoderms have a unique water vascular system with tube feet. Another group of echinoderms are the echinoids. Echinoids have unique water vascular system was tube feet. The answer: (D)
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Use reasoning to answer the following question. To learn more about the average weather, it is essential to:\nOptions:\n- (A) staying warm\n- (B) observe it\n- (C) argue about it\n- (D) ignore it\n- (E) survive\n- (F) temperature\n- (G) A computer\n- (H) write about it
(B)
Climate is the average weather in an area over a long period of time. Along with simulating the climate, it is crucial to observe the climate. It is essential to observe the average weather in one place over time. Thus, the answer is (B)
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The average weather in an area during an era is called:\nOptions:\n- (A) Summer\n- (B) epoch\n- (C) good\n- (D) autumn\n- (E) time period\n- (F) mild\n- (G) Pleistocein\n- (H) climate Think hard. Detailed solution:
(H)
Climate is the average weather in an area over a long period of time. An era is a period of time in which events occur. Climate is the average weather in an area during an era. Thus, the answer is (H)
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What is the average weather in a place over time?\nOptions:\n- (A) mild\n- (B) Summer\n- (C) deserts\n- (D) acclimate\n- (E) seasons\n- (F) climate\n- (G) temperature\n- (H) climatic Step-by-step reasoning:
(F)
Climate is the average weather in an area over a long period of time. Eilat is the safest place in the area. Climate is the average weather in a place over a long period of time. Final answer: (F)
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An animal which may have one or two hearts to pump blood is:\nOptions:\n- (A) squid\n- (B) goats\n- (C) bats\n- (D) mammals\n- (E) toads\n- (F) Birds\n- (G) edible\n- (H) a fish Let's be accurate as possible. Think before you answer.
(A)
Mollusks have a circulatory system with one or two hearts that pump blood. Interestingly, a squid is also a mollusk. Squid have a circulatory system with one or two hearts that pump blood. Final answer: (A)
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Which animals have a circulatory system?\nOptions:\n- (A) insects\n- (B) mammals\n- (C) fur seals\n- (D) sharks\n- (E) cows\n- (F) squids\n- (G) a fish\n- (H) chickens Let's be accurate as possible and think first.
(F)
Mollusks have a circulatory system with one or two hearts that pump blood. Interestingly, a squid is also a mollusk. Squids have a circulatory system. Thus, the answer is (F)
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What differ strongly in appearance and are barrel shaped?\nOptions:\n- (A) bears\n- (B) barnacles\n- (C) abdomens\n- (D) oxen\n- (E) Leptospirosis\n- (F) cacti\n- (G) burrs\n- (H) tunicates Use reasoning to answer the following question.
(H)
Adult tunicates are barrel-shaped. Tunicates differ strongly in appearance between the adult and larva. Tunicates differ strongly in appearance and are barrel shaped. Thus, the answer is (H)
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Adult urochordates are _-shaped.\nOptions:\n- (A) Length\n- (B) a prism\n- (C) fossils\n- (D) grow\n- (E) barrel\n- (F) fertile\n- (G) Grow well\n- (H) revolving Please answer the following question by reasoning step-by-step.
(E)
Adult tunicates are barrel-shaped. Urochordates are commonly called tunicates. Adult urochordates are barrel-shaped. So, the answer is (E)
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What stimulates the pituitary gland in order to maintain structural integrity of the thyroid?\nOptions:\n- (A) TRH\n- (B) Urea\n- (C) CO 2\n- (D) PDAs\n- (E) HPV\n- (F) SO2\n- (G) mL\n- (H) p53 Please answer and provide answer explanation.
(A)
TRH stimulates the pituitary gland to produce thyroid-stimulating hormone, or TSH. Another function of TSH is to maintain the structural integrity of the thyroid gland. TRH stimulates the pituitary gland to maintain structural integrity of the thyroid. Therefore, the answer is (A)
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What disrupts the cycle between organisms and the atmosphere?\nOptions:\n- (A) burning coal\n- (B) Sulfur dioxide\n- (C) replanting forests\n- (D) solar system\n- (E) Greenhouse gasses\n- (F) chlorofluorocarbons\n- (G) life cycle\n- (H) deforestation Let's think step by step.
(H)
Carbon cycles quickly between organisms and the atmosphere. Deforestation also disrupts the Carbon Cycle. Deforestation disrupts the cycle between organisms and the atmosphere. So, the final answer is (H)
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Carbon cycles quickly between organisms and\nOptions:\n- (A) O2\n- (B) DNA\n- (C) comets\n- (D) air\n- (E) Aves\n- (F) ocean\n- (G) satellites\n- (H) lung Reason slowly and give your answer.
(D)
Carbon cycles quickly between organisms and the atmosphere. Atmosphere is the blanket of air around the earth. Carbon cycles quickly between organisms and the blanket of air around the earth. Therefore, the answer is (D)
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Use reasoning to answer the following question. Objects that are a few nanometers in size can be seen only with:\nOptions:\n- (A) an electron microscope\n- (B) refraction of light\n- (C) matter vibrating\n- (D) ultrasound\n- (E) The bending of a ray of light\n- (F) slight magnification\n- (G) flashlights\n- (H) lens
(A)
Viruses are so small that they can be seen only with an electron microscope. Viruses Viruses are very small, a few nanometers in size. Objects that are only a few nanometers in size can be seen only with an electron microscope. Thus, the answer is (A)
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Viruses are so small that to see them a scientist would have to use what kind of lens?\nOptions:\n- (A) Refract it\n- (B) refraction of light\n- (C) an electron lens\n- (D) an image\n- (E) rays or beams\n- (F) bending light rays\n- (G) A computer\n- (H) flashlights Let's be accurate as possible. Think before you answer.
(C)
Viruses are so small that they can be seen only with an electron microscope. On the surface of each microscopic color filter is also a microscopic lens. Viruses are so small that they can be seen only with an electron lens. So, the answer is (C)
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How can cells of the tobacco mosaic be seen?\nOptions:\n- (A) refraction of light\n- (B) an area swollen with pus\n- (C) by indirect light\n- (D) death and devastation\n- (E) bending light rays\n- (F) electron microscope\n- (G) deadly and devastating\n- (H) Veins and arteries. Let's think step by step below.
(F)
Viruses are so small that they can be seen only with an electron microscope. Viruses include the Tobacco Mosaic Virus. Tobacco Mosaic is so small that it can only be seen with an electron microscope. Therefore, the answer is (F)
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What does fire require to get started?\nOptions:\n- (A) an engine\n- (B) activation energy\n- (C) water\n- (D) energy usage\n- (E) direct energy\n- (F) dogs\n- (G) activated almonds\n- (H) adding heat Think hard. Detailed solution:
(B)
All chemical reactions require activation energy to get started. Fire is a chemical reaction. Fire requires activation energy to get started. The final answer: (B)
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Use reasoning to answer the following question. All chemical reactions require a form of what to get started?\nOptions:\n- (A) oxygen\n- (B) celestial measurement\n- (C) gas\n- (D) heat\n- (E) UV\n- (F) charge\n- (G) Light\n- (H) scientific expression
(D)
All chemical reactions require activation energy to get started. Basically, heat is energy. All chemical reactions require heat to get started. Thus, the answer is (D)
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What is required before a chemical change?\nOptions:\n- (A) kinetic energy\n- (B) energy usage\n- (C) activation push\n- (D) activation energy\n- (E) activation switch\n- (F) activation power\n- (G) Burning fuel and air\n- (H) Evaporation Let's be accurate as possible and think first.
(D)
All chemical reactions require activation energy to get started. Chemical changes are a result of chemical reactions. Activation energy must be used before a chemical change happens. So, the answer is (D)
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Use reasoning to lead to the answer of the following question: What must a chemical reaction overcome before starting?\nOptions:\n- (A) PV=nRT\n- (B) heat or cold\n- (C) reactants\n- (D) energy barrier\n- (E) Dehydration\n- (F) harmful substances\n- (G) resistance\n- (H) temperature
(D)
All chemical reactions require activation energy to get started. Activation energy is required to overcome the energy barrier. All chemical reactions must first overcome the energy barrier. So, the answer is (D)
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What do catalysts do?\nOptions:\n- (A) metabolic reaction\n- (B) breathe\n- (C) get chemical reactions started\n- (D) Slowing the transfer of heat\n- (E) A compound that donates proton\n- (F) fertilize eggs\n- (G) have a positive impact on the environment\n- (H) inhibit chemical reactions Let’s work this out in a step by step way to be sure we have the right answer.
(C)
All chemical reactions require activation energy to get started. Catalysts lower the activation energy for reactions. Catalysts help chemical reactions to get started. The answer is (C)
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In what way does a catalyst help in chemical reactions?\nOptions:\n- (A) Generating heat\n- (B) lowered energy cost\n- (C) metabolic reaction\n- (D) heating liquids\n- (E) by making heat\n- (F) adding heat\n- (G) increases a body's strength\n- (H) preventing heat transfer Please answer and provide answer explanation.
(B)
All chemical reactions require activation energy to get started. Catalysts lower the activation energy. A catalyst can lower the energy cost of a chemical reaction. The answer is (B)
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What do all chemical changes require to occur?\nOptions:\n- (A) during the day\n- (B) heating liquids\n- (C) Activation energy\n- (D) wavelengths and photons\n- (E) Burning fuel and air\n- (F) kinetic energy\n- (G) electromagnetic energy\n- (H) direct energy Let’s work this out in a step by step way to be sure we have the right answer.
(C)
All chemical reactions require activation energy to get started. Chemical changes are a result of chemical reactions. All chemical changes require activation energy to occur. Final answer: (C)
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Use reasoning to answer the following question. What describes something that requires activation energy to get started?\nOptions:\n- (A) igniting fuel and oxidiser\n- (B) heating liquids\n- (C) Fully cooking the oysters\n- (D) Riding a bike\n- (E) an engine\n- (F) burning coal\n- (G) chemical equations\n- (H) Firecrackers
(G)
All chemical reactions require activation energy to get started. Chemical equations describe chemical reactions. Chemical equations describe something that requires activation energy to get started. So, the final answer is (G)
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I'll give you a question, please answer with step-by-step reasoning process. Amphibians with what are more advanced than fish?\nOptions:\n- (A) four eyes\n- (B) sensory neurons\n- (C) rapid expansion\n- (D) layers of fat\n- (E) four limbs\n- (F) kinetic energy\n- (G) tails\n- (H) many limbs
(E)
Amphibians are the first true tetrapods, or vertebrates with four limbs. All vertebrates more advanced than fish have four limbs, each with up to five fingers or toes. Amphibians with four limbs are more advanced than fish. So, the answer is (E)
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These belong to the class of creature that were the first true tetrapods:\nOptions:\n- (A) millipede\n- (B) crabs\n- (C) four limbs\n- (D) bullfrogs\n- (E) gastropod\n- (F) a fish\n- (G) warm-blooded\n- (H) insects Let's be accurate as possible. Think before you answer.
(D)
Amphibians are the first true tetrapods, or vertebrates with four limbs. Bullfrogs eat other amphibians. Bullfrogs are of the class of creatures that were the first true tetrapods. So, the final answer is (D)
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_ are tetrapods.\nOptions:\n- (A) animals\n- (B) amoeba\n- (C) Frogs\n- (D) Length\n- (E) insects\n- (F) Spiders\n- (G) Snakes\n- (H) Birds Please answer and provide answer explanation.
(C)
Amphibians are the first true tetrapods, or vertebrates with four limbs. Frogs are classified as amphibians. Frogs are tetrapods. Final answer: (C)
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The first tetrapods were\nOptions:\n- (A) major threat to health\n- (B) remains of prehistoric life\n- (C) in the frog family\n- (D) running and lifting\n- (E) competing for resources\n- (F) warm-blooded\n- (G) objects that have mass\n- (H) graptolites Let's be accurate as possible and think first.
(C)
Amphibians are the first true tetrapods, or vertebrates with four limbs. All frogs are amphibians. Animals in the frog family are the first true tetrapods. Final answer: (C)
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Starfish, sea urchins and sea cucumbers lack a what?\nOptions:\n- (A) characteristics\n- (B) the body's largest organ\n- (C) watery habitat\n- (D) centralized nervous system\n- (E) functioning arm\n- (F) underwater life\n- (G) biological diversity\n- (H) epidermis and dermis Step-by-step reasoning:
(D)
Echinoderms lack a centralized nervous system. Echinoderms include starfish, sea urchins, and sea cucumbers. Starfish, sea urchins and sea cucumbers lack a centralized nervous system. The final answer: (D)
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Echinoderms are resistant to some:\nOptions:\n- (A) starfish\n- (B) enzymes\n- (C) Toxicity\n- (D) pesticide\n- (E) parasites\n- (F) toxins\n- (G) boats\n- (H) chemicals Use reasoning to answer the following question.
(F)
Echinoderms lack a centralized nervous system. From animal experiments, it seems to be a central nervous system toxin. Echinoderms are resistant to some toxins. Thus, the answer is (F)
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What lacks a centralized nervous system?\nOptions:\n- (A) starfish\n- (B) barnacles\n- (C) blowfish\n- (D) our planet\n- (E) humans\n- (F) Pesticides\n- (G) insects\n- (H) sharks Stream of thoughts:
(A)
Echinoderms lack a centralized nervous system. Echinoderms are represented by the starfish. Starfish lack a centralized nervous system. Therefore, the answer is (A)
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What kind of animal doesn't have a centralized nervous system?\nOptions:\n- (A) dog\n- (B) mammals\n- (C) cows\n- (D) bird\n- (E) human\n- (F) elephants\n- (G) starfish\n- (H) a fish A step-by-step solution is:
(G)
Echinoderms lack a centralized nervous system. Echinoderms are represented by the starfish. Starfish lack a centralized nervous system. Therefore, the answer is (G)
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What is something missing in starfish?\nOptions:\n- (A) the body's largest organ\n- (B) centralized nervous system\n- (C) characteristics\n- (D) layers of fat\n- (E) permineralization\n- (F) biological diversity\n- (G) kinetic energy\n- (H) A compound that donates proton Let's think step by step below.
(B)
Echinoderms lack a centralized nervous system. Echinoderms are represented by the starfish. Starfish lack a centralized nervous system. The answer: (B)
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Individuals who move into or out of a community increase:\nOptions:\n- (A) homogeneity\n- (B) energy usage\n- (C) power\n- (D) monoculture\n- (E) competition\n- (F) adding heat\n- (G) population\n- (H) gene flow Stream of thoughts:
(H)
Gene flow occurs when individuals move into or out of a population. Community health focuses on the health of populations or groups. Gene flow occurs when individuals move into or out of a community. Thus, the answer is (H)
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Please answer the following question by reasoning step-by-step. What happens when people flow into or out of a population?\nOptions:\n- (A) genetic morphing\n- (B) death\n- (C) gene flow\n- (D) movement\n- (E) generic flow\n- (F) interact\n- (G) competition\n- (H) gene expression
(C)
Gene flow occurs when individuals move into or out of a population. People are individuals, and each person has different needs. Gene flow occurs when people move into or out of a population. So, the answer is (C)
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Migration increases what?\nOptions:\n- (A) root growth\n- (B) speed\n- (C) distance\n- (D) voltage\n- (E) energy usage\n- (F) Plants growth\n- (G) gene flow\n- (H) layers of fat Please answer and provide answer explanation.
(G)
Gene flow occurs when individuals move into or out of a population. Internal migration describes moves within a country. Gene flow occurs when individuals migrate. Therefore, the answer is (G)
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What provides food and shelter to many ocean organisms?\nOptions:\n- (A) houses\n- (B) umbrellas\n- (C) limestone\n- (D) ferns\n- (E) sharks\n- (F) barnacles\n- (G) calcite\n- (H) sheds Reason slowly and give your answer.
(G)
Coral reefs provide food and shelter to many ocean organisms. Coral reefs are predominantly calcite. Calcite provides food and shelter to many ocean organisms. Final answer: (G)
flan_cot_qasc
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Please answer the following question by reasoning step-by-step. Where is the name of a habitat where a variety of ocean organisms often seek food and shelter?\nOptions:\n- (A) gastropod shells\n- (B) body water\n- (C) seaweed\n- (D) more abundant\n- (E) whale\n- (F) coastlines\n- (G) algae\n- (H) patch reefs
(H)
Coral reefs provide food and shelter to many ocean organisms. Coral reefs occur mainly as numerous patch reefs. Patch reef provide food and shelter to many ocean organisms. So, the answer is (H)
flan_cot_qasc
CoT
Coral reefs provide what to many living beings in the ocean\nOptions:\n- (A) Chemical energy\n- (B) salt and water.\n- (C) shelter and amusement\n- (D) survival\n- (E) important habitats\n- (F) food and water\n- (G) water and fun\n- (H) food and shelter Let's be accurate as possible. Think before you answer.
(H)
Coral reefs provide food and shelter to many ocean organisms. Organisms or living beings are literally things that are alive. Coral reefs provide food and shelter to many ocean living beings. Therefore, the answer is (H)
flan_cot_qasc
CoT
What provides food and shelter to many ocean organisms?\nOptions:\n- (A) It helps them survive\n- (B) Something formed from skeleton\n- (C) sedimentary rocks\n- (D) important habitats\n- (E) Something with a head, thorax, and abdomen\n- (F) it protects them\n- (G) gastropod shells\n- (H) in their habitats A step-by-step solution is:
(B)
Coral reefs provide food and shelter to many ocean organisms. Coral reefs are formed from coral skeletons. Something formed from skeletons provide food and shelter to many ocean organisms. The answer: (B)
flan_cot_qasc
CoT
Hermatypic organisms provide what to many ocean organisms?\nOptions:\n- (A) survival\n- (B) food and shelter\n- (C) competition\n- (D) kinetic energy\n- (E) produce light\n- (F) important habitats\n- (G) protect them\n- (H) major threat to health Think hard. Detailed solution:
(B)
Coral reefs provide food and shelter to many ocean organisms. Reef-building corals are hermatypic. Hermatypic organisms provide food and shelter to many ocean organisms. So, the answer is (B)
flan_cot_qasc
CoT
Use reasoning to answer the following question. How do animals learn how to be assertive?\nOptions:\n- (A) lectures from their parent\n- (B) instinct\n- (C) Movement\n- (D) playing\n- (E) being killed\n- (F) ligt\n- (G) sweating\n- (H) exercise
(D)
Playing is one way mammals and other animals learn how to behave. Second stage, learn how to behave assertively. Playing is one way mammals and other animals learn how to be assertive. So, the final answer is (D)
flan_cot_qasc
CoT
I'll give you a question, please answer with step-by-step reasoning process. What do sea lions learn how to behave from?\nOptions:\n- (A) exercise\n- (B) Energy.\n- (C) fish\n- (D) Movement\n- (E) Energy\n- (F) playing\n- (G) children\n- (H) whales
(F)
Playing is one way mammals and other animals learn how to behave. Sea lions are tactile mammals. Playing is one way sea lions learn how to behave. The answer: (F)
flan_cot_qasc
CoT
Playing is one way organisms that have ingestive metabolism learn how to what?\nOptions:\n- (A) propagate\n- (B) instinct\n- (C) grow\n- (D) nutrients\n- (E) die\n- (F) behave\n- (G) survive\n- (H) Grow well Please answer and provide answer explanation.
(F)
Playing is one way mammals and other animals learn how to behave. Animals are organisms that have ingestive metabolism. Playing is one way organisms that have ingestive metabolism learn how to behave. Thus, the answer is (F)
flan_cot_qasc
CoT
Use reasoning to answer the following question. What is one way dogs learn to behave?\nOptions:\n- (A) exercise\n- (B) mating\n- (C) ligt\n- (D) playing\n- (E) parties\n- (F) slumber\n- (G) firm hugs\n- (H) Movement
(D)
Playing is one way mammals and other animals learn how to behave. Cats are Mammals that Shed Dogs are Mammals that Wag their tails. Playing is one way dogs learn to behave. The answer is (D)
flan_cot_qasc
CoT
Answer the following question, with explanation first. Bacteria causes what to be harmed?\nOptions:\n- (A) plants\n- (B) electronics\n- (C) fossils\n- (D) humans\n- (E) animals\n- (F) viruses\n- (G) food\n- (H) the skin
(A)
Plants respond to daily and seasonal cycles and to disease. Plant diseases cause by bacteria. Plants respond to seasonal and daily cycles and to bacteria. So, the answer is (A)
flan_cot_qasc
CoT
Use reasoning to answer the following question. What do plants respond to?\nOptions:\n- (A) Chemical energy\n- (B) Vibrations\n- (C) heat energy\n- (D) Sulfur dioxide\n- (E) Temperature\n- (F) sun's heat\n- (G) Clouds\n- (H) Wood
(E)
Plants respond to daily and seasonal cycles and to disease. Temperature follows a seasonal cycle. Plants respond to temperature. Thus, the answer is (E)
flan_cot_qasc
CoT
Use reasoning to lead to the answer of the following question: What responds to daily and seasonal cycles and to disease?\nOptions:\n- (A) resistance\n- (B) Sundays\n- (C) vegetation\n- (D) Summer season\n- (E) swamp vegetation\n- (F) Mondays\n- (G) alpacas\n- (H) Green beans
(H)
Plants respond to daily and seasonal cycles and to disease. Green bean plantings continue to be planted. Green beans respond to daily and seasonal cycles and to disease. Thus, the answer is (H)
flan_cot_qasc
CoT
What do plants respond to?\nOptions:\n- (A) Energy.\n- (B) heat produced\n- (C) Chemical energy\n- (D) sun's heat\n- (E) the environment\n- (F) heat energy\n- (G) Sulfur dioxide\n- (H) temperature Let's be accurate as possible and think first.
(H)
Plants respond to daily and seasonal cycles and to disease. Temperature follows a seasonal cycle. Plants respond to temperature. Therefore, the answer is (H)
flan_cot_qasc
CoT
What requires a microscope in order to be seen?\nOptions:\n- (A) fungi\n- (B) cells\n- (C) mildew\n- (D) gasoline\n- (E) fungus\n- (F) matter\n- (G) telescopes\n- (H) sunlight Stream of thoughts:
(B)
Cells vary in size as well as shape, but all cells are very small. An embryo is so small that it requires a microscope in order to be seen. A cell requires a microscope in order to be seen. Therefore, the answer is (B)
flan_cot_qasc
CoT
Cells pretty much al share this one characteristic:\nOptions:\n- (A) sensory neurons\n- (B) voltage\n- (C) aerobic capacity\n- (D) microscopic\n- (E) eukaryotic\n- (F) bacteria\n- (G) prokaryotic\n- (H) layers of fat Please answer and provide answer explanation.
(D)
Cells vary in size as well as shape, but all cells are very small. All cells are microscopic in size. Cells can vary in shape, but they are all microscopic. So, the answer is (D)
flan_cot_qasc
CoT
Use reasoning to answer the following question. Which item found in the human body is smaller? \nOptions:\n- (A) the eyes\n- (B) Epidermis\n- (C) all matter\n- (D) Fingernail.\n- (E) Inches\n- (F) Baby tooth.\n- (G) Small eyelash.\n- (H) Neuron.
(H)
Cells vary in size as well as shape, but all cells are very small. Neurons are cells that are similar to other cells. Neurons are very small in size. The answer is (H)
flan_cot_qasc
CoT
What size are cells?\nOptions:\n- (A) either huge or tiny\n- (B) non existent\n- (C) dense\n- (D) large\n- (E) white\n- (F) tiny\n- (G) dead\n- (H) albino Think hard. Detailed solution:
(F)
Cells vary in size as well as shape, but all cells are very small. Atoms are tiny particles that are too small to see. Cells vary in size as well as shape, but all cells are very tiny. Thus, the answer is (F)
flan_cot_qasc
CoT
What may vary in size as well as shape, but all are very small?\nOptions:\n- (A) keeping food fresh for long periods of time\n- (B) disease-causing microorganisms\n- (C) A solid geometric shape\n- (D) Unequal radiation absorption\n- (E) Small countries.\n- (F) Shapewear.\n- (G) A water well.\n- (H) Basic units of the plant body. Let's be accurate as possible and think first.
(H)
Cells vary in size as well as shape, but all cells are very small. Basic unit of the plant body is the cell. Basic units of the plant body vary in size as well as shape, but all are very small. Therefore, the answer is (H)
flan_cot_qasc
CoT
How are atolls built?\nOptions:\n- (A) important habitats\n- (B) By coral exoskeletons\n- (C) by fish\n- (D) with machines\n- (E) by a type of eel\n- (F) It used to be covered by water\n- (G) The area was once underwater\n- (H) reusing materials A step-by-step solution is:
(B)
Many corals secrete an exoskeleton that builds up to become a coral reef. An atoll is the third type of reef. Atolls are built by corals secreting an exoskeleton. The final answer: (B)
flan_cot_qasc
CoT
What is secreted by organisms like frogspawn to become a reef?\nOptions:\n- (A) exocrine glands\n- (B) food and shelter\n- (C) exoskeleton\n- (D) bones\n- (E) Energy\n- (F) Chemical energy\n- (G) plasma\n- (H) Energy. Reason slowly and give your answer.
(C)
Many corals secrete an exoskeleton that builds up to become a coral reef. Good examples are Bubble coral, Elegance coral, Frogspawn and other Euphyllia corals. Organisms like frogspawns secrete an exoskeleton that builds up to become a reef. The final answer: (C)
flan_cot_qasc
CoT
Many corals secrete what to form a coral reef?\nOptions:\n- (A) Chlorophyll\n- (B) salt and water.\n- (C) The area was once underwater\n- (D) Chemical energy\n- (E) aqueous solution\n- (F) Organic compounds\n- (G) gastropod shells\n- (H) hard outer covering Please answer the following question by reasoning step-by-step.
(H)
Many corals secrete an exoskeleton that builds up to become a coral reef. An insect has a hard outer covering called an exoskeleton. Many corals secrete a hard outer covering that builds up to become a coral reef. Thus, the answer is (H)
flan_cot_qasc
CoT
What is the primary item inside a virus?\nOptions:\n- (A) Chemical energy\n- (B) particles\n- (C) genetic material\n- (D) cytoplasm\n- (E) electromagnetic energy\n- (F) bioaerosols\n- (G) food and shelter\n- (H) bacteria Let's think step by step.
(C)
Viruses contain DNA but not much else. DNA DNA DNA is a person's genetic fingerprint. Viruses contain genetic material and not much else. So, the answer is (C)
flan_cot_qasc
CoT
Please answer the following question by reasoning step-by-step. What do viruses contain the most of?\nOptions:\n- (A) Chemical energy\n- (B) layers of fat\n- (C) ribonucleic acid\n- (D) cytoplasm\n- (E) germs\n- (F) harmful substances\n- (G) deadly and devastating\n- (H) deoxyribonucleic acid
(H)
Viruses contain DNA but not much else. DNA DNA is deoxyribonucleic acid. Viruses contain deoxyribonucleic acid, but not much else. Thus, the answer is (H)
flan_cot_qasc
CoT
What contains an abundance of deoxyribonucleic acid and not much else?\nOptions:\n- (A) Conifers\n- (B) PDAs\n- (C) pollen\n- (D) anemia\n- (E) bacteria\n- (F) proteins\n- (G) diseases\n- (H) viruses Use reasoning to answer the following question.
(H)
Viruses contain DNA but not much else. DNA is short for Deoxyribonucleic Acid. Viruses contain deoxyribonucleic acid but not much else. Thus, the answer is (H)
flan_cot_qasc
CoT
What contains deoxyribonucleic acid but not much else.\nOptions:\n- (A) minerals\n- (B) bacteria\n- (C) loose soil\n- (D) pollen\n- (E) viruses\n- (F) anemia\n- (G) PDAs\n- (H) vertebrates Use reasoning to answer the following question.
(E)
Viruses contain DNA but not much else. DNA is an abbreviation for deoxyribonucleic acid. Viruses contain deoxyribonucleic acid but not much else. Therefore, the answer is (E)
flan_cot_qasc
CoT
What is a main component of a virus?\nOptions:\n- (A) Something that causes allergies\n- (B) Leptospirosis\n- (C) Localized damage\n- (D) heat produced\n- (E) deoxyribonucleic acid\n- (F) Chemical energy\n- (G) direct damage to the lungs\n- (H) It helps them survive Stream of thoughts:
(E)
Viruses contain DNA but not much else. DNA DNA is deoxyribonucleic acid. Viruses contain deosyribonucleic acid, but not much else. Therefore, the answer is (E)
flan_cot_qasc
CoT
What do viruses contain?\nOptions:\n- (A) electromagnetic energy\n- (B) light energy\n- (C) resistance\n- (D) contamination\n- (E) Deoxyribonucleicacid\n- (F) Chemical energy\n- (G) harmful substances\n- (H) Leptospirosis Step-by-step reasoning:
(E)
Viruses contain DNA but not much else. DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleicacid. Viruses contain Deoxyribonucleicacid but not much else. Final answer: (E)
flan_cot_qasc
CoT
What does pollen consist of tiny grains of?\nOptions:\n- (A) it helps plants in growing\n- (B) the female sexual organs\n- (C) Something with exactly eight protons\n- (D) seeds\n- (E) Microscopic organisms\n- (F) the male sex cells of plants\n- (G) bees\n- (H) sub-units of species Think hard. Detailed solution:
(F)
Pollen consists of tiny grains that are the male gametes of plants. Animals that reproduce sexually produce sex cells, or gametes. Pollen consists of tiny grains that are the male sex cells of plants. Therefore, the answer is (F)
flan_cot_qasc
CoT
Answer the following question, with explanation first. Pollen consists of tiny grains that are the _ of plants.\nOptions:\n- (A) Mitosis\n- (B) made\n- (C) small\n- (D) sperm\n- (E) seeds\n- (F) honey\n- (G) flowers\n- (H) edible
(D)
Pollen consists of tiny grains that are the male gametes of plants. Male gametes are called sperm. Pollen consists of tiny grains that are the sperm. of plants. Thus, the answer is (D)
flan_cot_qasc
CoT
Please answer the following question by reasoning step-by-step. What kind of plants produce pollen?\nOptions:\n- (A) white\n- (B) insects\n- (C) seeds\n- (D) haploid\n- (E) bees\n- (F) swea\n- (G) grass\n- (H) Conifers
(D)
Pollen consists of tiny grains that are the male gametes of plants. Haploid plants produce gametes. Pollen comes from haploid plants. The answer is (D)
flan_cot_qasc
CoT
The two-chambered heart of some backboned aquatic animals is part of their:\nOptions:\n- (A) aerobic capacity\n- (B) three-chambered heart\n- (C) biological diversity\n- (D) it keeps an organism warm\n- (E) the body's largest organ\n- (F) circulatory system\n- (G) salmon\n- (H) swimming system Reason slowly and give your answer.
(F)
Fish have a circulatory system with a two-chambered heart. Fish are backboned aquatic animals. Some backboned aquatic animals have a circulatory system with a two-chambered heart. Final answer: (F)
flan_cot_qasc
CoT
What has a circulatory system with a two-chambered heart?\nOptions:\n- (A) sharks\n- (B) insects\n- (C) salmon\n- (D) animals\n- (E) barnacles\n- (F) mammals\n- (G) tortoises\n- (H) alpacas Let's be accurate as possible. Think before you answer.
(C)
Fish have a circulatory system with a two-chambered heart. Fish include bass and salmon. Salmon have a circulatory system with a two-chambered heart. Therefore, the answer is (C)
flan_cot_qasc
CoT
What has circulatory system with a two-chambered heart?\nOptions:\n- (A) sharks\n- (B) trout\n- (C) pan\n- (D) toads\n- (E) Birds\n- (F) animals\n- (G) mammals\n- (H) Man Let's think step by step below.
(B)
Fish have a circulatory system with a two-chambered heart. Fish species include salmon and trout. Salmon and trout have a circulatory system with a two-chambered heart. So, the final answer is (B)
flan_cot_qasc
CoT
Which is the most likely cause of throat tumors?\nOptions:\n- (A) cigars\n- (B) Allergies\n- (C) viruses\n- (D) Pesticides\n- (E) rocks\n- (F) doctors\n- (G) the skin\n- (H) water Please answer the following question by reasoning step-by-step.
(C)
Some viruses can cause cancer. Lung cancer is a formation of tumors in the lung. Some viruses result in the formation of malignant tumors. The answer: (C)
flan_cot_qasc
CoT
Some viruses can what?\nOptions:\n- (A) fret\n- (B) harm\n- (C) damage\n- (D) grow\n- (E) expand\n- (F) discover\n- (G) visit\n- (H) kill Let's be accurate as possible and think first.
(H)
Some viruses can cause cancer. Skin cancer can kill. Some viruses can kill. The answer: (H)
flan_cot_qasc
CoT
What can hpv cause?\nOptions:\n- (A) a hazard\n- (B) harm\n- (C) cancer\n- (D) sweating\n- (E) heightened abilities\n- (F) anemia\n- (G) good health\n- (H) comfort Please answer the following question by reasoning step-by-step.
(C)
Some viruses can cause cancer. Human papillomavirus, or HPV, is the name of a group of viruses. HPV can cause cancer. Therefore, the answer is (C)
flan_cot_qasc
CoT
Please answer the following question by reasoning step-by-step. What can have motility?\nOptions:\n- (A) Small things with a microscope\n- (B) gastropod shells\n- (C) members of their own species\n- (D) one celled organisms\n- (E) Something to move\n- (F) mitochondria\n- (G) rocks\n- (H) intestines
(D)
Most protists have motility. Protists are one celled organisms. One celled organisms can have motility. So, the answer is (D)
flan_cot_qasc
CoT
Use reasoning to lead to the answer of the following question: Most types of what have motility?\nOptions:\n- (A) gastropod shells\n- (B) members of their own species\n- (C) single-celled organisms\n- (D) Something to move\n- (E) remains of prehistoric life\n- (F) microbial fuel cells\n- (G) microorganisms\n- (H) share properties
(C)
Most protists have motility. Protists Protists are single-celled organisms. Most single-celled organisms have motility. So, the final answer is (C)
flan_cot_qasc
CoT
Use reasoning to lead to the answer of the following question: What is one thing most single-celled organisms have in common?\nOptions:\n- (A) Energy\n- (B) glucose\n- (C) bacteria\n- (D) motility\n- (E) Energy.\n- (F) heat energy\n- (G) resistance\n- (H) warmth
(D)
Most protists have motility. Protists Protists are single-celled organisms. Most single-celled organisms are motile. The final answer: (D)
flan_cot_qasc
CoT
What do simple eukaryotes have?\nOptions:\n- (A) Energy\n- (B) fur and fat\n- (C) Motility\n- (D) bioaerosols\n- (E) four limbs\n- (F) pollen\n- (G) glucose\n- (H) Energy. Let's be accurate as possible and think first.
(C)
Most protists have motility. Protists are the simplest of eukaryotes. The simplest eukaryotes have motility. Final answer: (C)
flan_cot_qasc
CoT
Which can move?\nOptions:\n- (A) Raft\n- (B) light energy\n- (C) vehicles\n- (D) insects\n- (E) protists\n- (F) bicycle\n- (G) animals\n- (H) an object Reason slowly and give your answer.
(E)
Most protists have motility. All animals are motile, moving about at some point in their life cycle. Most protists are able to move. Final answer: (E)
flan_cot_qasc
CoT
_ are an essential nutrient for animals.\nOptions:\n- (A) Energy\n- (B) Chemicals\n- (C) trees\n- (D) potatoes\n- (E) Acids\n- (F) allow growth\n- (G) store\n- (H) Proteins Think hard. Detailed solution:
(H)
All animals are heterotrophs. Proteins are an essential nutrient for heterotrophs. Proteins are an essential nutrient for animals. Thus, the answer is (H)
flan_cot_qasc
CoT
All animals are what?\nOptions:\n- (A) consumers\n- (B) all matter\n- (C) insects\n- (D) aquatic\n- (E) plants\n- (F) furry\n- (G) parasites\n- (H) infected Use reasoning to answer the following question.
(A)
All animals are heterotrophs. All consumers are also called Heterotrophs. All animals are consumers. Thus, the answer is (A)
flan_cot_qasc
CoT
I'll give you a question, please answer with step-by-step reasoning process. Where does dna reside?\nOptions:\n- (A) membrane\n- (B) cells\n- (C) embryos\n- (D) atom\n- (E) complex\n- (F) nucleotide\n- (G) ligt\n- (H) retina
(B)
DNA is found in chromosomes. Genes live on chromosomes, chromosomes live in cells. DNA is found in cells. The final answer: (B)
flan_cot_qasc
CoT
What is found in chromosomes?\nOptions:\n- (A) Chemical energy\n- (B) It helps them survive\n- (C) deoxyribonucleic acid\n- (D) toxic acids\n- (E) more abundant\n- (F) allow growth\n- (G) internucleic acid\n- (H) chromosomal filters Please answer and provide answer explanation.
(C)
DNA is found in chromosomes. DNA DNA is deoxyribonucleic acid. Deoxyribonucleic acid is found in chromosomes. The final answer: (C)
flan_cot_qasc
CoT
Dna is typically found in this state:\nOptions:\n- (A) protected\n- (B) spiky\n- (C) dense\n- (D) genetic\n- (E) alleles\n- (F) coiled\n- (G) circular\n- (H) electron Think hard. Detailed solution:
(F)
DNA is found in chromosomes. Chromosome Chromosome A chromosome is a grouping of coiled strands of DNA , containing many genes. DNA is found in coiled groups of genes. The answer: (F)
flan_cot_qasc
CoT
Please answer the following question by reasoning step-by-step. Dna is found where in a cell?\nOptions:\n- (A) mitochondria\n- (B) complex\n- (C) alveoli\n- (D) membrane\n- (E) plants\n- (F) infected\n- (G) cytoplasm\n- (H) nucleus
(H)
DNA is found in chromosomes. Chromosomes are located in the nucleus of a cell. DNA is found in the nucleus of a cell. The final answer: (H)
flan_cot_qasc
CoT
What is an example of an entity that can live on in a completely inactive state?\nOptions:\n- (A) an object\n- (B) sloths\n- (C) hibernating bears\n- (D) Conifers\n- (E) chickenpox\n- (F) barnacles\n- (G) a fish\n- (H) mammals Let's be accurate as possible. Think before you answer.
(E)
Some viruses live in a dormant state inside the body. After an episode of chickenpox, the virus becomes dormant in the body. Chicken pox can live in an inactive state. The final answer: (E)
flan_cot_qasc
CoT
What can stay hidden in a hibernating state inside the body?\nOptions:\n- (A) infections\n- (B) blood cells\n- (C) fungi\n- (D) insects\n- (E) viruses\n- (F) honeybees\n- (G) plasma\n- (H) barnacles Let’s work this out in a step by step way to be sure we have the right answer.
(E)
Some viruses live in a dormant state inside the body. When ferns are dormant it is as if they are hibernating. Some viruses live in a hibernating state inside the body. Final answer: (E)
flan_cot_qasc
CoT
Some agents that infect cells live in what state inside the body?\nOptions:\n- (A) solid\n- (B) conscious\n- (C) expelled\n- (D) bacteria\n- (E) infected\n- (F) dormant\n- (G) cellular\n- (H) protected Let's be accurate as possible. Think before you answer.
(F)
Some viruses live in a dormant state inside the body. Viruses Viruses are agents that infect cells, yet lack many of the characteristics of life. Some agents that infect cells live in a dormant state inside the body. The answer is (F)
flan_cot_qasc
CoT
Some viruses do not affect the host and live in what kind of state in the body?\nOptions:\n- (A) inactive\n- (B) devastating\n- (C) recovery\n- (D) negative\n- (E) hyperactive\n- (F) sleep\n- (G) excited\n- (H) cold Use reasoning to answer the following question.
(A)
Some viruses live in a dormant state inside the body. When inactive or dormant, Dendrobiums require little or no fertilizer. Some viruses live in an inactive state inside the body. The final answer: (A)
flan_cot_qasc
CoT
End of preview.

IHOP FLAN CoT ZeroShot

A recreation of the FLAN cot dataset for only zeroshot.

Because: the flan framework is nightmare to work with. And the "conceptofmind" repos are missing the raw targets for eval as well as incorrectly labeling "opt"

I also add double line breaks between every "thought"/"step" in the response, to make it easier to eval with something like PRM outlined in "Let’s Verify Step by Step"

The templates are very similar and close enough that it shold not matter.

Citations

@article{longpre2023flan,
  title={The Flan Collection: Designing Data and Methods for Effective Instruction Tuning},
  author={Longpre, Shayne and Hou, Le and Vu, Tu and Webson, Albert and Chung, Hyung Won and Tay, Yi and Zhou, Denny and Le, Quoc V and Zoph, Barret and Wei, Jason and others},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2301.13688},
  year={2023}
}


@article{lightman2023lets,
      title={Let's Verify Step by Step}, 
      author={Lightman, Hunter and Kosaraju, Vineet and Burda, Yura and Edwards, Harri and Baker, Bowen and Lee, Teddy and Leike, Jan and Schulman, John and Sutskever, Ilya and Cobbe, Karl},
      journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2305.20050},
      year={2023}
}
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