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सरकार योग के लए / For Official Use े कमचारय के लए अन ुदेश Instructions to Field Staff खंड /Volume-I समाजाथक सव ण SOCIO-ECONOMIC SURVEY (जुलाई, 2022-जून, 2023 ) (July, 2022-June, 2023) पारवारक उपभोग यय सव ण : 2022-23 Household Consumption Expenditure Survey: 2022-23 भारत सरकार Government of India सांि&यक' और काय)म काया*वयन मंालय Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation रा+,य सांि&यक'य कायालय National Statistical Office जून 2022 June 2022	HCES2022_Vol_I.pdf
CONTENTS Title Page No. Chapter One : Introduction: Coverage, Concepts, Design and Defini tions A1-A24 Chapter Two : Questionnaire LHQ: List of Households B1-B23 Chapter Three : Household Consumption Expenditure Survey: 2022-23 C1-C144 Appendix I E1 -E15 Appendix II E16-E39	HCES2022_Vol_I.pdf
Instructions to Field Staff, Vol. I A-1 \| Pag e Chapter One Introduction: Coverage, Concepts, Design and Definitions 1. 0 Introduction 1. 0. 1 The National Sample Surveys (NSS) are being c onducted by the Government of India since 1950 to collect socio-economic data employing scientific sampling methods. Household Consumption Expenditure Survey 2022-23 will commenc e from July 2022. 1. 1 Objectives of the survey 1. 1. 1 Household Consumption Expenditure Survey 2022-23: Information collected in the survey will be primari ly used for preparation of weighting diagram through determination of budget shares of d ifferent commodity groups in total consumption for compilation of consumer price indic es for rural and urban India. In addition, statistical indicators of level of living, social c onsumption and well-being, and inequalities therein will also be compiled from the data collect ed in the survey. 1. 2 Outline of the Survey programme 1. 2. 1 Geographical coverage: The survey will cover the whole of the Indian Unio n except the villages in Andaman and Nicobar Islands which a re difficult to access. 1. 2. 2 Survey Period: The survey will commence from July 2022 and survey period will be of one year duration. 1. 2. 3 Panel: The survey period of Household Consumption Expendit ure Survey will be divided into 10 panels, each of three months durati on. The compositions of the panels are as follows:	HCES2022_Vol_I.pdf
Chapter One Introduction: Coverage, Design, Concepts and Definitions Instructions to Field Staff, Vol. I A-2 \| Pag e Panel number Time period Panel 1 July 2022-September 2022 Panel 2 August 2022-October 2022 Panel 3 September 2022-November 2022 Panel 4 October 2022-December 2022 Panel 5 November 2022-January 2023 Panel 6 December 2022-February 2023 Panel 7 January 2023-March 2023 Panel 8 February 2023-April 2023 Panel 9 March 2023-May 2023 Panel 10 April 2023-June 2023. In each of these panels, equal number of Sample Fir st Stage Units (FSUs) will be allotted for survey with a view to ensure uniform spread of samp le FSUs over the entire survey period. Each panel will have three months duration. Attempt should also be made to survey each of the FSUs during the designated time period of the p anel in which it is allotted. Because of arduous field conditions, the restrictions need not be strictly enforced in Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep, Ladakh and rural area s of Arunachal Pradesh and Nagaland. In the first month of any panel HCQ (Household Char acteristics) questionnaire and any one the questionnaire among FDQ (Food Items), CSQ (Cons umables & Services) and DGQ (Durable Items) will be canvassed in selected house holds. In the second month, any one of the remaining two questionnaires not canvassed in f irst month will be canvassed and in the last month of any panel the last remaining question naire will be canvassed. Canvassing sequence of questionnaires in each month of a Panel for a particular FSU will be decided randomly. 1. 2. 4 Questionnaires of enquiry: During this survey, the following Questionnaires o f enquiry will be canvassed: 1. 3 Sample Design 1. 3. 1 In this survey, a different methodology will be used for determining the consumption and expenditure of a household on different items. The complete set of information on consumption will be collected through three differe nt questionnaires (FDQ, CSQ and DGQ) canvassed at different time points to a sample hous ehold. Apart from these three questionnaires, another questionnaire on household characteristics (HCQ) will also be Questionnaire LHQ : List of Households Questionnaire HCQ : Household Characteristics Questionnaire FDQ : Food Items Questionnaire CSQ : Consumables & Services Questionnaire DGQ : Durable Items	HCES2022_Vol_I.pdf
Chapter One Introduction: Coverage, Design, Concepts and Definitions Instructions to Field Staff, Vol. I A-3 \| Pag e canvassed in a household. The sample households wil l be visited three times-in the first visit, listing of households will be done, sample h ouseholds will be selected, Questionnaire on Household Characteristic (HCQ) and another Quest ionnaire (out of other three Questionnaires on consumption) will be canvassed. I n the next two months, other two Questionnaires will be completed from the same hous ehold. Equal number of sample FSUs will be selected in a month. Thus it will be a panel survey for a short duration where each sample FSU and each sample household will be retain ed for a period of three months. 1. 3. 2 Although all three questionnaires on consumpt ion will be canvassed to all selected households, sequence of questionnaire to be canvass ed is also important since a suitable randomization will eliminate any bias due to any pa rticular sequencing of questionnaire. Thus, all possible sequencing of questionnaires [(Q 1, Q2, Q3), (Q1, Q3, Q2), (Q2, Q1, Q3), (Q2, Q3, Q1), (Q3, Q1, Q2) and (Q3, Q2, Q1)], where Q1 refers to FDQ, Q2 refers to CSQ and Q3 refers to DGQ, are desirable in the sample o f households. If a sample household is found to be temporarily locked in second visit, the JSO/SE would visit the locked household any time later during the same month for canvassing the questionnaire. If the household is found to be locked during the entire month of secon d visit, the second and third visit questionnaires will be canvassed together at the ti me of third visit. 1. 3. 3 Number of sample households per FSU and minimum number of FSUs per stratum : 18 sample households will be canvassed within an FS U in the following manner: 1. 3. 4 Distribution of 18 sample households per FSU: Sample households will be distributed in a manner t o have all combinations of three questionnaires. Three sequences of questionnaires can be canvassed in ea ch FSU. Annual number of sample FSUs may be selected in the form o f 10 Panels with 2 Sub-samples in each panel. One panel will be of three months duration a nd in each sub-sample three particular sequences of questionnaires will be allotted so tha t all six sequences are accommodated in 2 sub-samples of each panel. The Panel 10 will start in the month 10 and will be completed in month 12. An illustration for determination of canvassing seq uence of the households belonging to different SSS with three different allocation scena rios leading to a total of 18 households is given in Section 1. 4. 19. If total no of listed hous eholds for a particular FSU is less than 18 then more or less equal number of households will b e canvassed in each sequence. The number of sample FSUs per stratum will be a min imum of 20 for each of rural/urban sector separately.	HCES2022_Vol_I.pdf
Chapter One Introduction: Coverage, Design, Concepts and Definitions Instructions to Field Staff, Vol. I A-4 \| Pag e 1. 3. 5 Formation of sub-units (SUs) : 1. 3. 5. 1 Rural areas : A rural village will be notionally divided into a number of sub-units (SU) of more or less equal population during the pr eparation of frame. Census 2011 population of villages will be projected by applyin g suitable growth rates and the number of SUs to be formed in a village will be determined ap riori. 1. 3. 5. 2 The above procedure of SU formation will be implemented in the villages with population more than or equal to 1000 as per Census 2011. In the remaining villages, no SU will be formed. 1. 3. 5. 3 The number of SUs to be formed in the villa ges (with Census 2011 population 1000 or more) of the frame will be decided before select ion of the samples following the criteria given below: projected population of the village no. of SUs to b e formed less than 1200 1 1200 to 2399 2 2400 to 3599 3 3600 to 4799 4 4800 to 5999 5 ....... and so on.... 1. 3. 5. 4 Special case : 1. 3. 5. 4. 1 For rural areas of (i) Himachal Pradesh, (ii) Sikkim, (iii) Andaman & Nicobar Islands, (iv) Uttarakhand (except four districts De hradun, Nainital, Hardwar and Udham Singh Nagar), (v) Punch, Rajouri, Udhampur, Reasi, Doda, Kishtwar, Ramban of Jammu and Kashmir (vi) Ladakh and (vii) Idukki district of Ke rala, numbers of SUs to be formed in a village will be determined in such a way that each SU contains 600 or less projected population. Further, SUs will not be formed in the villages in the above mentioned districts/States with population less than 500 as p er Census 2011. In the remaining villages the number of SUs to be formed for these States/dis tricts will be as follows: projected population of the village no. of SUs to b e formed less than 600 1 600 to 1199 2 1200 to 1799 3 1800 to 2399 4 2400 to 2999 5 ....... and so on....	HCES2022_Vol_I.pdf
Chapter One Introduction: Coverage, Design, Concepts and Definitions Instructions to Field Staff, Vol. I A-5 \| Pag e 1. 3. 5. 4. 2 For rural parts of Kerala, similar proced ure as mentioned in para 1. 3. 5. 3 above will be adopted with the modification that the SUs will be formed within Panchayat wards instead of villages. 1. 3. 6 Urban areas : SUs will be formed in urban sector also. The proc edure will be similar to that adopted in rural areas except that SUs will be formed on the basis of households in the UFS frame instead of population, since UFS frame do es not have population. Each UFS block with number of households more than or equal to 250 will be divided into a number of SUs. In the remaining UFS blocks, no SU will be for med. 1. 3. 6. 1 The number of SUs to be formed in the UFS b locks of the frame will be decided before selection of the samples following the crite ria given below: number of households of the UFS block no. of SUs to be formed less than 250 1 250 to 499 2 500 to 749 3 750 to 999 4 1000 to 1249 5 ....... and so on.... 1. 3. 7 Sampling Frame for First Stage Units (FSUs) : 1. 3. 7. 1 There will be no SU formation in uninhabite d villages and villages (Panchayat wards for Kerala) with population less than 1000 as per C ensus 2011 (less than 500 as per Census 2011 for the areas mentioned in Para 1. 3. 5. 4) and e ntire village will be considered as one FSU. All such villages (Panchayat wards for Kerala) will be the First Stage Units (FSUs). 1. 3. 7. 2 In the remaining villages, notional sub-uni ts (SUs) following the procedure as described in para 1. 3. 5. 3 will be formed. Such SUs will be considered as First Stage Units (FSUs). 1. 3. 7. 3 For the UFS blocks with less than 250 house holds, the entire UFS block will be considered as one FSU. In the remaining UFS blocks, the SUs will be considered as First Stage Units (FSUs). 1. 3. 7. 4 List of FSUs as described above will be the sampling frame for respective cases. 1. 3. 8 Stratification of FSUs : 1. 3. 8. 1 Rural sector : State/UT is basic geographical unit for Stratum f ormation. Two strata will be formed at the State/UT level. (A) A special stratum will be formed at all-India level. This stratum will comprise all the uninhabited villages as per Census 2011.	HCES2022_Vol_I.pdf
Chapter One Introduction: Coverage, Design, Concepts and Definitions Instructions to Field Staff, Vol. I A-6 \| Pag e (B) From the remaining villages, two more strata will b e formed in each State/UT as follows: (a) The villages (i) within a distance of 5 Kms from th e district headquarter or (ii) within a distance of 5 Kms from a city/town with more than 5 lakh population, will form a stratum (stratum 1). The information will be obtain ed from the village directory of census 2011. The stratum will not be formed if ther e are less than 50 such villages in the State/UT. (b) Rest of the villages will constitute another stratu m (stratum 2). 1. 3. 8. 2 Urban sector : In urban areas strata will be formed within each State/UT on the basis of size class of towns as per Census 2011 and the a ffluent and non-affluent blocks identified as per UFS frame. The stratum numbers and their composition will be a s follows: 1. 3. 9 Sub-stratification of FSUs : 1. 3. 9. 1 Rural sector: Three groups of villages will be formed within eac h stratum, except special rural stratum at all-India level as mention ed in para 1. 3. 8. 1(A): Group 1: all villages (Panchayat wards for Kerala) with Census 2011 population less than 250 Group 2: all villages (Panchayat wards for Kerala) with Census 2011 population more than or equal to 250 but less than 500 Group 3: remaining villages stratum 11: all 'affluent' UFS blocks of all towns with population less than 50,000 stratum 12: all remaining UFS blocks of all towns w ith population less than 50,000 stratum 21: all 'affluent' UFS blocks of all towns with population 50,000 or more but less than 3 lakhs stratum 22: all remaining UFS blocks of all towns w ith population 50,000 or more but less than 3 lakhs stratum 31: all 'affluent' UFS blocks of all towns with population 3 lakhs or more but less than 10 lakhs stratum 32: all remaining UFS blocks of all towns w ith population 3 lakhs or more but less than 10 lakhs stratum 41, 42, 43, 44, ... Stratum number for the Million plus towns within a state. Odd number will be for affluent blocks and even num ber will be for non-affluent blocks.	HCES2022_Vol_I.pdf
Chapter One Introduction: Coverage, Design, Concepts and Definitions Instructions to Field Staff, Vol. I A-7 \| Pag e The sample size for a rural stratum will be allocat ed among 3 groups in proportion to population. Let r 1, r 2 and r 3 be the allocations to Group 1, Group 2 and Group 3 respectively. The villages within each group will be first arrang ed in ascending order of number of population. For all the three groups within each st rata, 'r 1/20'>1, 'r 2/20'>1 and 'r 3/20'>1, will imply formation of 2 or more sub-strata in each gro up. Sub-strata will be demarcated in Group 1, Group 2 and Group 3 respectively in such a way that each sub-stratum will comprise a group of villages (all SUs of a village considered together) of the arranged frame and have more or less equal population. If number of FSUs in a particular Group is very sma ll, no sub-stratum may be formed in that Group. 1. 3. 9. 2 Urban sector : Let 'u' be the sample size allocated for an urban stratum. For all strata, if 'u/20' >1, implying formation of 2 or more sub-s trata, all the UFS blocks within the stratum will be first arranged in ascending order o f total number of households in the UFS blocks as per urban frame. Then sub-strata will be demarcated in such a way that each sub-stratum will comprise a group of UFS blocks (all SU s of a block considered together) having more or less equal number of households. If number of UFS blocks in a particular stratum is very small, no sub-stratum will be formed in that s tratum. 1. 3. 10 Total sample size (FSUs) : Total 15016 FSUs will be surveyed for the central sample at all-India level. 1. 3. 11 Allocation of total sample to State/UTs : The total number of sample FSUs will be allocated to the State/UTs in proportion to populat ion as per Census 2011 subject to a minimum sample allocation of 40 FSUs to each State/ UT in general. 1. 3. 12 Allocation of State/UT level sample to rural and ur ban sectors : State/UT level sample size will be allocated between two sectors i n proportion to population as per Census 2011 with 1. 5 weightage to urban sector. A minimum of 20 FSUs, each for rural and urban sector separately, will be allocated to each State/ UT. For more urbanised big States like Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu etc., the urban allocation will be limited to rural sample size to avoid undue weightage to urban sector. 1. 3. 13 Allocation to strata : Within each sector of a State/ UT, the respective sample size will be allocated to the different strata in proportion to the population as per Census 2011. Stratum level allocation will be adjusted to multiples of 2 0 with a minimum sample size of 20. For special stratum formed at all-India level, 20 F SUs will be allocated. 1. 3. 14 Allocation to sub-strata : 1. 3. 14. 1 Generally, allocation will be 20 for each sub-stratum in the rural/urban sector. However, allocation will be adjusted in case of con straints of sample size. Thus, allocations may be more than 20 in some cases, especially in ca se of smaller States/UT and States of North Eastern Region.	HCES2022_Vol_I.pdf
Chapter One Introduction: Coverage, Design, Concepts and Definitions Instructions to Field Staff, Vol. I A-8 \| Pag e 1. 3. 15 Selection of FSUs within a stratum/sub-stratum : 1. 3. 15. 1 From all the substrata in both rural and u rban sector within each stratum, required number of FSUs will be selected by Simple Random Sa mpling without Replacement (SRSWOR) scheme. After drawing the samples, the set of samples will be formed into 10 Panels with 2 Subsamples in each Panel. Each Panel x Subsample will have equal number of FSUs. If there are 'n' number of FSUs in a sub-stra tum, 'n'/10 FSUs will be in each Panel and 'n'/20 FSUs in a Panel x Subsample. Panel numbe rs may be assigned in a sequential manner with first 'n'/10 samples assigned to Panel 1, next 'n'/10 samples assigned to Panel 2 and so on. Within each Panel, first half of the sel ected samples will be assigned to Subsample 1 and the other half assigned to Subsample 2. One P anel will be canvassed in each month- one Subsample for 3 sequences of Questionnaires and other Subsample for another 3 sequences of Questionnaires. Note that these two subsamples are not independent. 1. 3. 16 Formation of sub-units and listing of households 1. 3. 16. 1 Proper identification of the FSU boundaries: The first task of the survey enumerator is to ascertain the exact boundaries of the village as per its identification particulars given in the sample list. The village m ay either itself be a sample FSU or may contain a sample FSU (i. e. SU). For urban samples, the boundaries of the UFS block may similarly be identified by referring to the map for that UFS block. 1. 3. 16. 2 Procedure of formation of SUs: After identification of the boundaries of the village/ UFS block which contains the sample FSU, t he village/ UFS block is to be divided into the number of SUs (say, D) as given in the sam ple list by more or less equalising the present population of the village/UFS block in whic h the sample FSUs are located. It is to be ensured that SUs formed are clearly identifiable in terms of physical landmarks. For villages/blocks where the number of SUs to be forme d is 1 as per the sample list, no SU formation is required. 1. 3. 16. 3 Listing of households: All the households of the sample FSU will be liste d. Temporarily locked households will also be listed a fter ascertaining the temporariness of locking of households through local enquiry. 1. 3. 17 Formation of Sub-divisions in the selected SU : It has been observed in the previous rounds that there happen to be some extreme cases w here the population/household of the selected SU is very high and listing becomes very d ifficult. To take care of such extreme situations, such SU may be sub-divided into a numbe r of smaller units (Sub-divisions) and one of them may be randomly selected. Listing and s election of households may be done in the selected Sub-division unit only. The procedure for formation of Sub-divisions is same as that of formation of SUs within village/blocks. The listing of hamlets will not be required but Sub-divisions will be formed such that each Sub-div ision has more or less equal population and is a compact area.	HCES2022_Vol_I.pdf
Chapter One Introduction: Coverage, Design, Concepts and Definitions Instructions to Field Staff, Vol. I A-9 \| Pag e The criteria for determining the number of Sub-divi sions (D 1) to be formed in the selected rural/urban SUs is as follows: approx. present population of the SU no. of Sub-div isions (D 1) to be formed less than 1500 1 1500 to 2399 2 2400 to 3599 3 3600 to 4799 4 4800 to 5999 5 ....... and so on.... 1. 3. 17. 1 Special case : 1. 3. 17. 1. 1 For rural areas of (i) Himachal Pradesh, (ii) Sikkim, (iii) Andaman & Nicobar Islands, (iv) Uttarakhand (except four districts De hradun, Nainital, Hardwar and Udham Singh Nagar), (v) Punch, Rajouri, Udhampur, Reasi, Doda, Kishtwar, Ramban of Jammu (vi) Leh and Kargil districts of Ladakh region and (vii) Idukki district of Kerala, the criterion for determining the number of sub-divisions (D 1) to be formed in rural SUs is as follows: approx. present population of the SU no. of Sub-div isions to be formed less than 750 1 750 to 1199 2 1200 to 1799 3 1800 to 2399 4 2400 to 2999 5 ....... and so on.... Note : Sub-Unit will not be formed in the selected village if census 2011 population is less than 1000 or less than 500 for special rural areas, but if approximate present population of the selected village is found to be 1500 or more (7 50 or more for special rural areas) then although no sub-unit has been formed but sub-divisi on will be formed based on approximate present population and one sub-division will be selected randomly for listing. In case of Urban areas, Sub-Unit will not be formed in the selected UFS Block if number of households is less than 250, but if approximate present population of the UFS block is found to be 1500 or more then although no sub-unit has been formed but sub-division will be formed based on approximate present population a nd one sub-division will be selected randomly for listing.	HCES2022_Vol_I.pdf
Chapter One Introduction: Coverage, Design, Concepts and Definitions Instructions to Field Staff, Vol. I A-10 \| Pa ge 1. 3. 18 Formation of second stage strata (SSS) and allocati on of households in different SSS : With a view to keep the listing work simple and les s time consuming, it is suggested that three SSS may be formed within an FSU as follows: SSS Rural Urban SSS 1 Ho useholds with land possessed >X, where X is such that 5% of the households have land possessed more that X as per NSS 77 th round SAS survey. This will be determined at State/UT level. Households own one or more four wheeler cars for non-commercial use as on date of listing whose combined purchase price is more than Rupees 10 lakhs. SSS 2 Ho useholds with land possessed > Y and less than or equal to X, where Y is such that 20% of the households have land possessed more that Y as per NSS 77 th round SAS survey. This will be determined at State/UT level. Households own one or more four wheeler cars for non-commercial use as on date of listing whose combined purchase price is less than or equal to Rupees 10 lakhs. SSS 3 Remaining households Remaining households Total number of sample households 18 18 The allocation of households between the three SSS will be in proportion to the number of households listed in th e respective SSS. Points to be noted regarding Ownership of Car:  In case of purchase of a car through an intermediat e financer (Bank Loan), even if repayment of loan amount has not been completed, it will come under SSS1 or SSS2 according to total purchase value of the car.  If a household has booked a car with some initial p ayment but is yet to get ownership of the vehicle, the household will not be considere d under SSS1 or SSS2.  In case of purchase of a car through hire purchase, even if full payment has not been made, the purchase value of the car will be conside red for determination of SSS.  A car has been purchased by any member of the house hold who has shifted to a different city for his job or any other purpose and is not a household member on the date of the survey. His wife, son and other family members are presently using the car. In such a case, if the wife's household is sel ected for survey, this household will	HCES2022_Vol_I.pdf
Chapter One Introduction: Coverage, Design, Concepts and Definitions Instructions to Field Staff, Vol. I A-11 \| Pa ge be considered in SSS1 or SSS 2 as per purchase valu e of the car. In this case, ownership like possession of the car is to be consi dered. 1. 3. 19 Selection of households: The sample households from each SSS for each of th e Questionnaires will be selected by SRSWOR. If a selected household has shifted to outside the selected Sub-unit (SU) of the FSU during time of second visit or third visit, it will be con sidered as casualty. But if the household has shifted anywhere within the selected Sub-unit, the households will be surveyed during the subsequent visits. 1. 4 Concepts and Definitions: 1. 4. 0 Important concepts and definitions used in di fferent Questionnaires of this survey are explained below. 1. 4. 1 Population coverage: The following rules regarding the population to be covered are to be remembered in listing of households and perso ns: 1. Under-trial prisoners in jails and indoor patients of hospitals, nursing homes etc., are to be excluded, but residential staff therein will be listed while listing is done in such institutions. The persons of the first category wil l be considered as members of their parent households and will be counted there. Convic ted prisoners undergoing sentence will be outside the coverage of the survey. 2. Floating population, i. e., persons without any norm al residence will not be listed. But households residing in open space, roadside shelter, under a bridge, etc., more or less regularly in the same place, will be listed. 3. Neither the foreign nationals nor their domestic se rvants will be listed, if by definition the latter belong to the foreign national's househo ld. If, however, a foreign national becomes an Indian citizen for all practical purpose s, he or she will be covered. 4. Persons residing in barracks of military and parami litary forces (like police, BSF, etc. ) will be kept outside the survey coverage due to dif ficulty in conduct of survey therein. However, civilian population residing in their neig hbourhood, including the family quarters of service personnel, are to be covered. P ermission for this may have to be obtained from the appropriate authorities. 5. Orphanages, rescue homes, ashrams and vagrant house s are outside the survey coverage. However, the residential staff of these i nstitutions may be listed. People staying in old age homes will be covered in the sur vey. 1. 4. 2 House: Every structure, tent, shelter, etc. is a house ir respective of its use. It may be used for residential or non-residential purpose or both or even may be vacant. 1. 4. 3 Household: A group of persons normally living together and ta king food from a common kitchen will constitute a household. It will include temporary stay-aways (those whose total period of absence from the household is expected to be less than 6 months during	HCES2022_Vol_I.pdf
Chapter One Introduction: Coverage, Design, Concepts and Definitions Instructions to Field Staff, Vol. I A-12 \| Pa ge the survey period) but exclude temporary visitors a nd guests (expected total period of stay less than 6 months during the survey period). Even though the determination of the actual composition of a household will be left to the judg ment of the head of the household, the following procedures will be adopted as guidelines. (i) Each inmate (including residential staff) of a hostel, mess, hotel, boarding and lodging house, etc., will constitute a single-member househ old. If, however, a group of persons among them normally pool their income for spending, they will together be treated as forming a single household. For example, a family l iving in a hotel will be treated as a single household. (ii) In deciding the composition of a household, mo re emphasis is to be placed on 'normally living together' than on 'ordinarily taking food fr om a common kitchen'. In case the place of residence of a person is different from the place o f boarding, he or she will be treated as a member of the household with whom he or she resides. (iii) A resident employee, or domestic servant, or a paying guest (but not just a tenant in the household) will be considered as a member of the ho usehold with whom he or she resides even though he or she is not a member of the same f amily. (iv) When a person sleeps in one place (say, in a s hop or in a room in another house because of space shortage) but usually takes food with his or her family, he or she should be treated not as a single member household but as a member of the household in which other members of his or her family stay. (v) If a member of a family (say, a son or a daught er of the head of the family) stays elsewhere (say, in hostel for studies or for any ot her reason), he/ she will not be considered as a member of his/ her parent's household. However, h e/ she will be listed as a single member household if the hostel is listed. 1. 4. 4 Household size: The number of members of a household is its size. 1. 4. 5 Household's consumption expenditure (Rs. ): Household Consumption Expenditure (HCE), in the easiest way can be defined as expendi ture incurred by households on consumption of goods and services, i. e., on goods and services used for the direct satisfaction of individual needs and wants or the collective needs of members of the community and not for further transformation in production. In addition, the following must be added to make th e definition of HCE exhaustive- (i) the imputed expenditure by households on goods and services produced as outputs of unincorporated enterprises owned by them and retain ed for their own use (ii) the imputed expenditure by households on goods and services received by them as remuneration in kind.	HCES2022_Vol_I.pdf
Chapter One Introduction: Coverage, Design, Concepts and Definitions Instructions to Field Staff, Vol. I A-13 \| Pa ge Both these additions can be regarded as imputed val ues of costs incurred by households to obtain consumption of goods and servi ces for own use. Thus, the actual final consumption of households consists of the consumpti on of goods and services acquired by individuals by expenditures (including imputed expe nditures of the kinds described above) or through social transfers in kind received from othe r households, from government units or from non-profit institutions serving households (NP ISHs). Household consumption expenditure (HCE) during a specified period, called the reference period, may thus, be defined as the total of the following: (a) expenditure incurred by households on 'consumption of goods and services' during the reference period (b) imputed value of goods and services produced as out puts of household (proprietary or partnership) enterprises owned by households and us ed by their members themselves during the reference period (c) imputed value of goods and services received by hou seholds as remuneration in kind during the reference period (d) Imputed value of goods and services received by hou seholds through social transfers in kind received from government units or non-profi t institutions serving households (NPISHs) and used by households during the referenc e period. 1. 4. 6 Household type: The household type, based on the means of livelihoo d of a household, is decided on the basis of the sources of the house hold's income during the 365 days preceding the date of survey. For this purpose, on ly the household's income (net income and not gross income) from economic activities is to be considered; but the incomes of servants and paying guests are not to be taken into account. In rural areas a household will belong to any one of the following seven household types- self-employed in agriculture 1 self-employed in non-agriculture 2 regular wage/salary earning in agriculture 3 regular wage/salary earning in non-agriculture 4 casual labour in agriculture 5 casual labour in non-agriculture 6 others 9 For urban areas, the household types are: self-employed 1 regular wage/salary earning 2 casual labour 3 others 9	HCES2022_Vol_I.pdf
Chapter One Introduction: Coverage, Design, Concepts and Definitions Instructions to Field Staff, Vol. I A-14 \| Pa ge 1. 4. 6. 1 Procedure for determining household type in rural s ector : The broad household types in rural areas to be used in this round are self-employed, regular wage/salary earning, casual labour and others.  Firstly, the households, which do not have any inco me from economic activities, shall be classified under “ others”.  Out of the remaining households, the household's in come from economic activities will be considered. A household will be first categ orized as ' self-employed ', 'regular wage/salary earning ' or ' casual labour ' depending on the single major source of its income during last 365 days from self-employment, regular wage/ salaried employment or casual labour employment, re spectively. For a household, which has major income from self-e mployment (i. e., income from self-employment is more than the earnin g of each of regular wage/salary and casual labour), the broad household type will be self-employed. For a household, which has major income from regula r wage/salary, the broad household type will be regular wage/salary earning. For a household, which has major income from casual labour, the broad household type will be casual labour.  Within each of the broad category of self-employed, regular wage/salary earning and casual labour households, two specific household types, viz., 'in agriculture' and 'in non-agriculture' will be distinguished, depending o n their major income from agricultural activities (sections A of NIC-2008) an d non-agricultural activities (rest of the NIC-2008 sections, excluding section A) during last 365 days. However, working in fisheries is excluded from the purview of agricultural activities.  The specific household types for the households who se major source of income during last 365 days is from self-employment are “s elf-employed in agriculture” and “self-employed in non-agriculture”.  Similarly, the specific household types for the hou seholds whose major source of income during last 365 days is from regular wage/salary earning are “regular wage/salary earning in agriculture” and “regular wage/salary earning in non-agriculture”.  Also, the specific household types for the househol ds whose major source of income during last 365 days is from employment as c asual labour are “ casual labour in agriculture” and “casual labour in non-agriculture”. 1. 4. 6. 2 For urban areas: The different household types correspond to four s ources of household income, unlike the rural sector where sev en sources are considered. An urban household will be assigned the type self-employed, regular wage/salary earning, casual labour or others corresponding to the major source of its income from economic activities during the last 365 days. A household which does no t have any income from economic activities will be classified under others.	HCES2022_Vol_I.pdf
Chapter One Introduction: Coverage, Design, Concepts and Definitions Instructions to Field Staff, Vol. I A-15 \| Pa ge 1. 4. 7 Economic activity: The entire spectrum of human activity falls into t wo categories: economic activity and non-economic activity. Any ac tivity that results in production of goods and services that adds value to national product is considered as an economic activity. The economic activities have two parts-market activit ies and non-market activities. Market activities are those that involve remuneration to t hose who perform it, i. e., activity performed for pay or profit. Such activities include product ion of all goods and services for market including those of government services, etc. Non-ma rket activities include those involving the production of primary commodities for own consu mption and own account production of fixed assets. 1. 4. 7. 1 The full spectrum of economic activities as defined in the UN System of National Accounts (SNA 2008) is not covered in the definitio n adopted for this survey. Production of any good for own consumption is considered as econo mic activity by UN System of National Accounts but production of only primary goods for o wn consumption is considered as economic activity in NSS. While the former includes activities like own account processing of primary products among other things, in the NSS surveys, processing of primary products for own consumption is not considered as economic a ctivity. However, it may be noted that 'production of agricultural goods for own consumpti on' covering all activities up to and including stages of threshing and storing of produc e for own consumption, comes under the coverage of the economic activities in NSS. 1. 4. 7. 2 The term 'economic activity' will include: (i) all the market activities described above, i. e., the activities performed for pay or profit which result in production of goods and services fo r exchange, (ii) of the non-market activities, (a) all the activities relating to the primary sect or (i. e., industry Divisions 01 to 09 of NIC-2008) which result in production (including free co llection of uncultivated crops, forestry, firewood, hunting, fishing, mining, quarrying, etc. ) of primary goods, including threshing and storing of grains for own consumption. and (b) the activities relating to the own-account prod uction of fixed assets. Own account production of fixed assets include construction of own houses, roads, wells, etc., and of machinery, tools, etc., for household enterprise an d also construction of any private or community facilities free of charge. A person may b e engaged in own account construction in the capacity of either a labourer or a supervisor. The activities like prostitution, begging, etc., wh ich may result in earning, will not be considered as economic activities for the survey.	HCES2022_Vol_I.pdf
Chapter One Introduction: Coverage, Design, Concepts and Definitions Instructions to Field Staff, Vol. I A-16 \| Pa ge 1. 4. 8 Industry and occupation of the economic activity: The sector of the economic activity in which a person is found engaged is his/ her industry of work and the corresponding occupation is the occupation of the person. Industr y of work is identified using National Industrial Classification-2008 (NIC-2008) and occup ation of the work is identified using National Classification of Occupation-2015 (NCO-201 5). 1. 4. 8. 1 Procedure for determining household principal indus try and occupation: To determine the household principal industry and occu pation, the general procedure to be followed is to list all the occupations pertaining to economic activities pursued by the members of the household excluding those employed b y the household and paying guests (who in view of their staying and taking food in th e household are considered as its normal members) during the one year period preceding the d ate of survey, no matter whether such occupations are pursued by the members in their pri ncipal or subsidiary (on the basis of earnings) capacity. Out of the occupations listed t hat one which fetched the maximum earnings to the household during the last 365 days preceding the date of survey would be considered as the principal household occupation. I t is quite possible that one or more members of the household may pursue the household o ccupation in different industries. In such cases, the particular industry out of all the different industries corresponding to the principal occupation, which fetched the maximum ear nings, should be considered as the principal industry of the household. In extreme ca ses, the earnings may be equal in two different occupations or industry-occupation combin ations. By convention, in such cases, priority will be given to the occupation or industr y-occupation combination of the senior-most member. For collection of information on house hold principal industry, National Industrial Classification-2008 (NIC-2008) will be u sed and for collection of information on household principal occupation, National Classifica tion of Occupation-2015 (NCO-2015) will be used. 1. 4. 9 Broad Activity Status: It is the activity situation relating to participa tion in economic and/or non-economic activities in which a person is found engaged during a reference period. The three broad activity statuses during a referenc e period are identified as: (i) Working or being engaged in economic activity ( work), (ii) Being not engaged in economic activity (work) and either making tangible efforts to seek 'work' or being available for 'work' if the 'work' is available and (iii) Being not engaged in any economic activity (w ork) and also not available for 'work'. Activity statuses, as mentioned in (i) & (ii) above, are associated with 'being in labour force' and the last with 'not being in the labour force'. Within the labour force, activity status (i) above is associated with 'employment' (or worker) a nd activity status (ii) with 'unemployment'	HCES2022_Vol_I.pdf
Chapter One Introduction: Coverage, Design, Concepts and Definitions Instructions to Field Staff, Vol. I A-17 \| Pa ge The constituents of employed, unemployed, labour fo rce and 'out of labour force' are explained below: (a) Workers (or employed): Persons who, during the reference period, are enga ged in any economic activity or who, despite their attachment to economic activity, have temporarily abstained from work for reasons of illness, injury or other physical disability, bad weather, festivals, social or religious functions or other c ontingencies constitute workers. Unpaid helpers who assist in the operation of an economic activity in the household farm or non-farm activities are also considered as workers. (b) Seeking or available for work (or unemployed ): Persons, who, during the reference period, owing to lack of work, had not worked but e ither sought work through employment exchanges, intermediaries, friends or relatives or by making applications to prospective employers or expressed their willingness or availab ility for work under the prevailing condition of work and remuneration are considered as those who are 'seeking or availa ble for work' (or unemployed). (c) Labour force: Persons who are either 'working' (or employed) or 'seeking or available for work' (or unemployed) during the reference period t ogether constitute the labour force. (d) Out of labour force : Persons who are neither 'working' and at the same time nor 'seeking or available for work' during the reference period are considered to be 'out of labour force'. 1. 4. 10 Usual activity status: The usual activity status relates to the activity status of a person during the reference period of 365 days preceding t he date of survey. The activity status on which a person spent relatively long time (major ti me criterion) during the 365 days preceding the date of survey is considered the usua l principal activity status of the person. To decide the usual principal activity of a person, he / she is first categorised as belonging to the labour force or not, during the reference period on the basis of major time criterion. Persons, thus adjudged as not belonging to the labour force are assigned the broad activity status 'neither working nor available for work'. For the persons belonging to the labour force, the broad activity status of either 'working' or 'not w orking but seeking and/ or available for work' is then ascertained again on the basis of the relatively long time spent in the labour force during the 365 days preceding the date of sur vey. Within the broad activity status so determined, the detailed activity status category o f a person pursuing more than one such activity will be determined again on the basis of t he 'relatively long time spent' criterion. 1. 4. 11 Workers (or employed): Persons who, during the reference period, are enga ged in any economic activity or who, despite their attachm ent to economic activity, have temporarily abstained from work for reasons of illn ess, injury or other physical disability, bad weather, festivals, social or religious functions o r other contingencies constitute workers. Unpaid helpers who assist in the operation of an ec onomic activity in the household farm or non-farm activities are also considered as workers. All the workers are assigned one of the	HCES2022_Vol_I.pdf
Chapter One Introduction: Coverage, Design, Concepts and Definitions Instructions to Field Staff, Vol. I A-18 \| Pa ge detailed activity statuses under the broad activity category 'working or being engaged in economic activity'. It may be noted that workers have been further cate gorized as self-employed, regular wage/ salaried employee and casual wage labourer. These categories are defined in the following paragraphs. 1. 4. 12 Broad statuses in employment : Three broad statuses in employment are self-employed, regular salaried/wage employee and casual wage labour. Definitions of these statuses in employment are given below: 1. 4. 12. 1 Self-employed: Self-employed: Persons who operate their own farm or non-farm enterprises or are engaged independently in a profe ssion or trade on own-account or with one or a few partners are deemed to be self-employed in household enterprises. The essential feature of the self-employed is that they have autonomy (i. e., how, where and when to produce) and economic independence (i. e., market, scale of operation and money) for carrying out their operation. The remuneration of t he self-employed consists of a non-separable combination of two parts: a reward for th eir labour and profit of their enterprise. The self-employed persons are further categorised i nto the following three groups: (i) own-account workers : They are the self-employed who operate their enter prises on their own account or with one or a few partners and who during the reference period by and large, run their enterprise without hiring any labo ur. They may, however, have unpaid helpers to assist them in the activity of the enterprise. (ii) employers : The self-employed persons who work on their own ac count or with one or a few partners and by and large run their enterpris e by hiring labour are the employers. (iii) helpers in household enterprise : The helpers are a category of self-employed person s who keep themselves engaged in their household ente rprises, working full or part time and do not receive any regular salary or wages in return f or the work performed. They do not run the household enterprise on their own but assist the re lated person living in the same household in running the household enterprise. 1. 4. 12. 2 There is a category of workers who work at a place of their choice which is outside the establishment that employs them or buys their p roduct. Different expressions like 'home workers', 'home based workers' and 'out workers' ar e generally used synonymously for such workers. For the purpose of this survey, all such w orkers will be categorised as 'self-employed'. The 'home workers' have some degree of autonomy and economic independence in carrying out the work, and their work is not dir ectly supervised, as is the case for the employees. Like the other self-employed, these workers have t o meet certain costs, like actual or imputed rent on the buildings in which they work, costs incurred for heating, lighting and power, storage or transportation, etc., thereby ind icating that they have some tangible or intangible means of production. It may be noted tha t employees are not required to provide such inputs for production.	HCES2022_Vol_I.pdf
Chapter One Introduction: Coverage, Design, Concepts and Definitions Instructions to Field Staff, Vol. I A-19 \| Pa ge 1. 4. 12. 3 It may further be elaborated that the 'putting out' system prevalent in the production process in which a part of production which is 'put out' is performed in different household enterprises (and not at the employers' establishmen t). For example, bidi rollers obtaining orders from a bidi manufacturer will be considered as home workers irrespective of whether or not they were supplied raw material (leaves, masala, etc. ), equipment (scissors) and other means of production. The fee or remuneration receiv ed consists of two parts-the share of their labour and profit of the enterprise. In some cases, the payment may be based on piece rate. Similarly, a woman engaged in tailoring or em broidery work on order from a wholesaler, or making pappad on order from some particular unit/ contractor/ tr ader at her home will be treated as 'home worker'. On the other hand, if she does the work in the employers' premises, she will be treated as employee. Again, if she is not undertaking these activities on orders from outside, but markets the products by herself/ other household members for profit, she will be considered as an ow n account worker, if of course, she does not employ any hired help more or less on a regular basis. 1. 4. 12. 4 Regular wage/ salaried employee: Persons working in other's farm or non-farm enterprises (both household and non-household) and getting in return salary or wages on a regular basis (and not on the basis of daily or per iodic renewal of work contract) are the regular wage/ salaried employees. This category not only includes persons getting tim e wage but also persons receiving piece wage or salary and paid apprentices, both full time and part-time. 1. 4. 12. 5 Casual wage labour: A person casually engaged in other's farm or non-f arm enterprises (both household and non-household) and getting in return wage according to the terms of the daily or periodic work contract is a c asual wage labour. Usually, in the rural areas, one category of casual labourers can be seen who normally engage themselves in 'public works' activities. 1. 4. 13 Hospitalisation: Hospitalisation means admission as in-patient-fo r treatment of ailment or injury, or for childbirth-to any medica l institution. Medical institution here refers to any institution having provision for admission o f sick persons as in-patients for treatment- all Primary Health Centres, Community Health Centre s, all public/government hospitals (district hospitals/state general hospitals/ medica l college hospitals etc. ) and all private hospitals (run by charitable organisations or NGOs or trusts, private nursing home, day care centre, private medical college and hospital, super-speciality hospital, etc. ). Further, childbirths sometimes take place in Health Sub-Cent res; such cases of delivery will also be considered as hospitalisation. Surgeries undergone in temporary camps set up for treatment of aliments, such as eye camps, will also be treated a s cases of hospitalisation. 1. 4. 14 Land possessed: Land possessed by a household is defined as land o wned (including land under 'owner like possession') + land leased i n-land leased out + land otherwise possessed (i. e. neither owned nor leased in) by tha t household.	HCES2022_Vol_I.pdf
Chapter One Introduction: Coverage, Design, Concepts and Definitions Instructions to Field Staff, Vol. I A-20 \| Pa ge 1. 5. 14. 1 For the purpose of this survey, all the la nds which are either 'owned and possessed' or 'leased-in' or 'otherwise possessed' or 'leased-out' by the households will be considered irrespective of its use. The land of the household may be homestead land and other lands which may be used for agricultural purpose or for o ther purposes. The lands (which includes ponds/other water bodies, area under forest etc. ) o f the household may be used for agricultural purposes like growing of field crops, vegetables, fruits, tea, coffee, cocoa, rubber, production of livestock, poultry, fish, aquaculture, honey, silk-worm cocoons etc. The lands of the household may be used for purposes other tha n agriculture like those lands put to uses for buildings, paths, wells, land for running house hold enterprises and other non-agricultural uses, areas under forest/water bodies not used for agricultural purposes, culturable waste, used for miscellaneous tree crops and groves not co vered under agricultural activities, permanent pastures and other grazing land, barren a nd unculturable waste, etc. Land possessed includes land owned outside the FSU also. Homestead land of the household also considered in Land Possession. 1. 4. 15 Ownership of land: (i) A plot of land is considered to be owned by th e household if permanent heritable possession, with or without the right to transfer the title, is vested in a member or members of the household. Land held in ow ner-like possession under long term lease or assignment is also considered as land owne d. Thus, in determining the ownership of land two basic concepts are involved, namely, (a) Land owned by the household, i. e., land on whic h the household has the right of permanent heritable possession with or without the right to transfer the title, e. g., Pattadars, Bhumidars, Jenmos, Bhumiswamis, Rayat Si thibans, etc. The land may be leased out to others by the owner without losing th e right of permanent heritable possession. (b) Land held under special conditions such that th e holder does not possess the title of ownership but the right for long term possession of the land (for example, land possessed under perpetual lease, hereditary tenure and long term lease for 30 years or more) will be considered as being held under owner like possession. In the States where land reform legislations have provided for full pro prietorship to erstwhile tenants, they are to be considered as having owner like possessio n, even if they have not paid the full compensation. (ii) Sometimes a piece of land may be possessed by a tribal in accordance with traditional tribal rights from local chieftains or village/dist rict council. Again, a piece of land may be occupied by a tenant for which the right of ownersh ip vests in the community. In both the cases, the tribal or other individual (tenant) will be taken as owner, for in all such cases, the holder has the owner like possession of land in que stion. 1. 4. 16 Land leased-out and leased-in : (i) Land given to others on rent or free by owner of the land without surrendering the right of permanen t heritable title is defined as land leased-out. It is defined as land leased-in if it is taken by a household on rent or free without any right of permanent or heritable possession. The lea se contract may be written or oral. If the	HCES2022_Vol_I.pdf
Chapter One Introduction: Coverage, Design, Concepts and Definitions Instructions to Field Staff, Vol. I A-21 \| Pa ge lease contract is written then it is considered as 'recorded lease' and if the lease contract is oral then it is considered as 'non-recorded lease'. (ii) Sometimes orchards and plantations are given t o others for harvesting the produce for which the owner receives a payment in cash or kind. Such transactions will not be treated as 'lease' for the purpose of the survey. 1. 4. 17 Otherwise possessed land : This is understood to mean all public/institution al land possessed by the household without title of ownersh ip or occupancy right (i. e. encroached land). The possession is without the consent of the owner. Private land (i. e. land owned by the household sector) possessed by the household wi thout title of ownership and occupancy right will not be included in this category. All private land enc roached upon by the household will be treated as leased-in land. 1. 4. 18 Homestead land: Homestead of a household is defined as the dwellin g house of the household together with the courtyard, compound, ga rden, out-house, place of worship, family graveyard, guest house, shop, workshop and o ffices for running household enterprises, tanks, wells, latrines, drains and boundary walls a nnexed to the dwelling house. All land coming under homestead is defined as homestead land. Sometimes, gardens, orchards or plantations, though adjacent to the homestead and l ying within the boundary walls, may be located on a clearly distinct piece of land. In suc h cases, land under garden, orchard or plantation will not be considered as homestead land.	HCES2022_Vol_I.pdf
Chapter One Introduction: Coverage, Design, Concepts and Definitions Instructions to Field Staff, Vol. I A-22 \| Pa ge 1. 4. 19 Canvassing sequence of questionnaires among the se lected household in a particular FSU: All the selected households from a particular FSU o f sub-sample 1 for detailed questionnaires canvassing will be assigned a running serial number starting from 1. Numbering will start from households of SSS 1. After completion of numbe ring of households of SSS1, households of SSS2 will be assigned running serial numbers and lastly, household belonging to SSS3 will be assigned number. Highest serial nu mber will be 18 or less. The methodology for canvassing of the combination of questionnaires in different selected households of the three SSS is described below: Case I: All the SSS have 6 selected households. SSS Total number of selected households Serial number allotted to the selected households Sequence of questionnaires Q1, Q2, Q3 Q1, Q3, Q2 Q2, Q1, Q3 Sample household number 1 6 1,2,3,4,5,6 1 4 2 5 3 6 2 6 7,8,9,10,11,12 7 10 8 11 9 12 3 6 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 13 16 14 17 15 18 Case II: One or more SSS have less than 6 selected households. SSS Total number of selected households Serial number allotted to the selected households Sequence of questionnaires Q1, Q2, Q3 Q1, Q3, Q2 Q2, Q1, Q3 Sample household number 1 5 1,2,3,4,5 1 4 2 5 3 - 2 7 6,7,8,9,10,11,12- 7 10- 8 11 6 9 12 3 6 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 13 16 14 17 15 18	HCES2022_Vol_I.pdf
Chapter One Introduction: Coverage, Design, Concepts and Definitions Instructions to Field Staff, Vol. I A-23 \| Pa ge Case III: Total number of selected households is le ss than 18. SSS Total number of selected households serial number allotted to the selected households sequence of questionnaires Q1, Q2, Q3 Q1, Q3, Q2 Q2, Q1, Q3 Sample household number 1 4 1,2,3,4 1 4 2 -3 - 2 6 5,6,7,8,9,10- 7 10 5 8 - 6 9 - 3 5 11,12,13, 14, 15- 13 11 14 12 15 For households selected from Sub-sample 2 FSUs, the three different Questionnaires will be canvassed in the sequence [(Q2, Q3, Q1), (Q3, Q1, Q 2) and (Q3, Q2, Q1)]. Allotment of sequence of questionnaires among the selected house holds will be made in an identical manner as described above.	HCES2022_Vol_I.pdf
Instructions to Field Staff, Vol. I A-24 \| Pa ge Table 1: allocation of sample FSUs in Household Con sumption Expenditure Survey: 2022-23 State/UT number of sample FSUs central sample total rural urban (1) (2) (3) (4) ANDHRA PRADESH 601 361 240 ARUNACHAL PRADESH 240 160 80 ASSAM 481 341 140 BIHAR 962 762 200 CHHATTISGARH 280 160 120 GOA 40 20 20 GUJARAT 640 320 320 HARYANA 300 160 140 HIMACHAL PRADESH 142 82 60 JHARKHAND 361 221 140 KARNATAKA 721 381 340 KERALA 420 220 200 MADHYA PRADESH 802 482 320 MAHARASHTRA 1320 660 660 MANIPUR 340 180 160 MEGHALAYA 180 120 60 MIZORAM 200 80 120 NAGALAND 180 120 60 ODISHA 521 381 140 PUNJAB 340 180 160 RAJASTHAN 761 501 260 SIKKIM 120 80 40 TAMIL NADU 820 420 400 TELANGANA 380 200 180 TRIPURA 280 180 100 UTTAR PRADESH 1708 1108 600 UTTARAKHAND 160 100 60 WEST BENGAL 1020 600 420 A & N ISLANDS 60 40 20 CHANDIGARH 40 20 20 D & N HAVELI & DAMAN & DIU 40 20 20 DELHI 220 20 200 JAMMU & KASHMIR 200 100 100 LADAKH 40 20 20 LAKSHADWEEP 34 14 20 PUDUCHERRY 60 20 40 ALL-INDIA 15016 8836 6180 Note: Special rural stratum allocation at all-India level is included in rural allocation	HCES2022_Vol_I.pdf
Chapter Two Questionnaire LHQ: List of Households 2. 0. 0 Introduction : Questionnaire LHQ is meant for listing of all the houses and households residing in the sample first stage unit (FSU). Some household information like land possession of the households (only in rural areas), whether house hold owns one or more four wheeler cars for non-commercial use (only in urban areas) will be co llected in this questionnaire. These auxiliary information will be used for grouping the household s into different second-stage-strata (SSS). The sampling frames for selection of households wil l be prepared and details of the selection of sample households will be recorded in this question naire. Whenever sub-units (SU) are required to be formed, particulars relating to the formation of SUs and identification of the selected SU are also to be recorded in this questionnaire. Conc epts and definitions of various items have been given in Chapter One. 2. 0. 1 Description of the different Sections of the Quest ionnaire: Section 0: descriptive identification of sample FSU Section 1: identification of sample FSU Section 2: particulars of field operations Section 3: sketch map of sub-units (SU) formation Section 3. 1: sketch map of Sub-division formation Section 4. 1: list of hamlets (only for rural sample s with SU formation) Section 4. 2: list of sub-units (SU) and identificat ion of selected SU Section 4. 3: list of Sub-divisions of selected SU with populatio n equal to or more than 1500 (750 for special cases) and selection and ide ntification of selected Sub-division Section 5: list of households and structures Section 6: particulars of sampling household Section 7: remarks by JSO/SE Section 8: comments by supervisory officer(s)	HCES2022_Vol_I.pdf
Chapter Two Questionnaire LHQ: List of Households Instructions to Field Staff, Vol. I B-2 \| Page 2. 0. 2 Unit of survey : The first stage unit (FSU) is the village/UFS blo ck/SU depending on the sampling frame. The Junior Statistical Officer (JSO )/Survey Enumerator (SE), on arrival at a sample FSU, will ascertain the exact boundaries of the village/UFS block which contains the SU. This may be done with the help of the village offic ials like patwari, panchayat authorities etc. for rural areas and with the help of UFS maps/ ward map s/ town maps in the urban areas. 2. 0. 3 Formation of sub-units (SUs) in rural areas : Sub-unit formation will be resorted to in the villages with census 2011 population more than or e qual to 1000. A village will be divided into a certain number (D) of sub-units (SUs). The number o f SUs to be formed (i. e. the value of D) will be mentioned in the sample list. The criterion for deciding the number of SUs to be formed in a village has been discussed in details in Chapter On e. The procedure for listing hamlets and forming SUs i s outlined below. 2. 0. 3. 1 Procedure: In a large village, there exist usually a few local ities or pockets where the houses of the village tend to cluster together. The se are called 'hamlets'. In case there are no such recognised hamlets in the village, the census sub-d ivisions of the village (e. g. enumeration blocks or groups of census house numbers or geograp hically distinct blocks of houses) may be treated as 'hamlets'. Large hamlets may be divided artificially to achieve more or less equal population content for the purpose of SU formation. The procedure for formation of SU is best described, perhaps, by listing sequentially the ste ps involved: (i) Identify the hamlets as described above. (ii) Ascertain approximate present population of each ha mlet. (iii) Draw a notional map in Section 3 showing the approx imate location of the hamlets and number them in a serpentine order starting from the northwest corner and proceeding southwards. While drawing this map, uninhabited are a (non-abadi area) of the village will be included as part of nearby hamlet, so that no area of the village is left out. The boundaries of the hamlets may be defined with the help of some la ndmarks like canals, footpaths, railway lines, roads, cadastral survey plot numbers etc., s o that it would be possible to identify and locate the geographical boundaries of the SUs to be formed in the village. (iv) List the hamlets in Section 4. 1 in the order of the ir numbering. Indicate the present population content in terms of percentages. (v) Group the hamlets into D number of SUs. The criteria to be adopted for SU formation are equality of population content and geographical con tiguity (numbering of hamlets is not to be adopted as a guideline for grouping). In case there is a conflict between the two aspects, geographical contiguity is to be given priority. However, difference between the population of the smallest and the largest SU forme d may be kept at minimum to the extent possible. Indicate the grouping in the map.	HCES2022_Vol_I.pdf
Chapter Two Questionnaire LHQ: List of Households Instructions to Field Staff, Vol. I B-3 \| Page (vi) Number the SUs serially in column (1) of Section 4. 2. The SU containing hamlet number 1 will be numbered as 1, the SU with next hi gher hamlet number not included in SU 1 will be numbered as 2 and so on. Indicate the num bers also in the notional map. It is quite possible that an SU may not be constituted of hamle ts with consecutive serial numbers. 2. 0. 4 Formation of SUs in urban areas : If an UFS block has 250 or more households, it wi ll be necessary to form SUs. Procedure for formation of S U is the same as that for the formation of SUs in the case of villages. Here the SUs are to be formed artificially by dividing the block into a certain number (say, D) of groups by more or less equalizing the population giving pr iority to geographical compactness within each SU as per the criterion specified in C hapter One. The number of SUs to be formed (i. e. the value of D) wi ll be provided in the sample list. SUs will be numbered serially in column (1) of Section 4. 2. Aft er formation of SU's in the sample village/block, the selected sample SU will be ident ified as per the sample list. 2. 0. 5 Formation of Sub-divisions of SU : If the approximate present population of a select ed SU is found to be equal to or more than 1500 (750 for special cases in rural), Sub-divisions will be formed in the selected SU to control the workload o f listing. The selected SU will be divided into a number of Sub-divisions (D 1) depending on the approximate population of the SU as described in Chapter One. The procedure will be similar to th e formation of SU within the block as described in para 2. 0. 4. Each of the Sub-divisions will have more or less equal population and will be geographically compact. 2. 0. 6 Starting point for listing : Having determined the area unit to be surveyed, t he JSO/SE will proceed to list the houses and households in this a rea unit. The listing may be done in the same order as that of the 2011 Census order of house lis ting. If the census order of house listing is not available, the listing may be started from the nort hwest corner of the FSU and proceeding southwards in serpentine order. While listing the h ouseholds, some essential minimum particulars about the households will be collected for the purpose of formation of second stage strata. 2. 0. 7 The procedures to be followed for filling up the various Sections of the Questionnaire LHQ are described in the following paragraphs. 2. 1 Section 0: Descriptive identification of sample F SU  OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE This section is meant for recording descriptive ide ntification particulars of the sample FSU such as State/UT, district, sub-district/ Tehsil, t own name / village name, investigator unit no, block no. A dash (-) may be recorded against not ap plicable items (items 5 and 6 i. e. investigator unit and block are not applicable for rural sample). Sample sub unit number	HCES2022_Vol_I.pdf
Chapter Two Questionnaire LHQ: List of Households Instructions to Field Staff, Vol. I B-4 \| Page will be identified in section 4. 2 after formation o f required number of sub unit in the section 4. 2.  IMPLEMENTATION NOTES These items will be auto populated from the sample list prepared as per the sample design described in Chapter one. 2. 2 Section 1: Identification of sample FSU  OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE This Section is meant for recording the identificat ion particulars of the sample FSU in terms of codes or numbers.  IMPLEMENTATION NOTES  Items 1. 1, 1. 4-1. 13 and 1. 15 will be auto populat ed from the sample list.  Item 1. 14, 1. 16-1. 19 will be ascertained in the f ield and entered.  Item 1. 16 will be filled in after identification of selected Sub-Unit in section 4. 2.  Item 1. 19 will be filled in only when code in item 1. 18 is 4-7.  Some items of the Section are explained below. 2. 2. 1 Item 1. 12: frame code : The different types of frames used for selection of FSUs are indicated by 'frame code' available in the sample list. The frame codes are: Rural: 2011 census-16 Urban : 2007-12 UFS-15, 2012-17 UFS-17 2. 2. 2 Item 1. 13: population of village or number of house holds of UFS block : This item will contain the Census 2011 population o f the village (in which the sample SU is located) or the number of households of the UFS blo ck (in which the sample SU is located).	HCES2022_Vol_I.pdf
Chapter Two Questionnaire LHQ: List of Households Instructions to Field Staff, Vol. I B-5 \| Page 2. 2. 3 Item 1. 14: approximate present population of the en tire village/ UFS block (in which the SU is situated) : The JSO/SE will first ascertain the approximate pre sent population of the entire village/UFS block containing the sample SU taking into consider ation the normal growth of population along with any abnormal influx of population into or exod us of population from the village/UFS block. This may be ascertained mainly from the knowledgeab le persons by putting certain probing questions. The starting point can be 2011 Census po pulation. In the case of large difference with census population, it may be asked whether there has been any abnorm al influx into or exodus from the village after the census or the village ha s been split or partly merged with other village/ urban area. If so, the approximate increase or decr ease of population due to such events or any new settlements that have come up in the rural/urba n area after the census is to be ascertained. In the case of large difference between frame populati on and approximate present population, adequate remarks for such differences should be rec orded in Section 7/ 8. 2. 2. 4 Item 1. 16: approximate present population of select ed SU: Approximate present population of the selected Sub-unit will be recorded here. This item will be filled up after identification of selected Sub-unit in section 4. 2. 2. 2. 5 Item 1. 17: number of Sub-divisions of SU to be form ed (D 1): The total number of Sub-divisions to be formed will be determined according to the criterion given in Chapter One and will be entered here as th e value of D1. 2. 2. 6 Item 1. 18: Survey code : The survey codes are: selected FSU surveyed: inhabited 1 uninhabited 2 zero case 3 originally selected FSU not surveyed but substitute FSU surveyed: inhabited 4 uninhabited 5 zero case 6 selected FSU casualty 7 Some examples of zero cases are: FSUs comprising wh olly the barracks of military and paramilitary forces (like CRPF, BSF etc. ), rural ar eas declared as urban areas and now forming	HCES2022_Vol_I.pdf
Chapter Two Questionnaire LHQ: List of Households Instructions to Field Staff, Vol. I B-6 \| Page part of UFS frame used for urban sampling, FSUs who lly submerged under water in a dam or FSUs with the whole population evicted because of a cquisition of land to construct a new factory or other project work etc. with no chance of habita tion in future. As against this, the FSU whose entire population has shifted elsewhere due to some natural calamities like fire, cyclone etc., but is likely to return in the future, will be consider ed as uninhabited FSU and will be given code 2 or 5 as the case might be. If the substitute FSU ca nnot be surveyed, survey code will be 7. If a substitute FSU is surveyed (i. e. survey codes 4-6 ), the name of the village, its frame population must be mentioned in the remark/comments in Section 7/8. Also the items 1. 13 and 1. 15, which were auto populated from the sample lis t, will be revised as per latest information regarding the substituted FSU. 2. 2. 7 Item 1. 19: Reason for substitution of original sam ple : In all the cases where the originally selected sample FSU is a casualty irrespective of whether it has been substituted and subsequently surveyed or n ot surveyed (i. e. for codes 4 to 7 against item 1. 18), the reason for its becoming a casualty will be recorded in terms of code against item 1. 19. The codes are: Original sample FSU: not identifiable/ traceable 1 not accessible 2 restricted area (not permitted to survey) 3 others (specify) 9 If code in item 1. 18 is 1-3, this item will be le ft blank. Cases of FSUs comprising wholly the barracks of military and paramilitary forces will n ot be considered as restricted area for providing code 3 against item 1. 19. As stated earli er, such cases will be considered as surveyed and will be treated as zero cases. 2. 3 Section 2 : Particulars of field operations  OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE This Section will record the details of field work by JSO/SE/SSO/SS for canvassing the questionnaire / supervising the survey work such as name, code, date of commencement and completion etc.	HCES2022_Vol_I.pdf
Chapter Two Questionnaire LHQ: List of Households Instructions to Field Staff, Vol. I B-7 \| Page  IMPLEMENTATION NOTES  Name/ employee code of JSO/SE will be recorded in t he items no 2. 1 and 2. 2.  Name and code of the SSO / SS will be recorded in i tem 2. 3.  In item 2. 4, date of commencement of survey, date o f completion of survey, receipt of questionnaires by SSO from JSO/SE, scrutiny and des patch of questionnaire by SSO/SS will be recorded in DDMMYY format. For entering dat e of commencement of survey/ inspection the date when commencement of identifica tion of FSU was started will be recorded. But while entering date of completion of survey/inspection, the date when completion of listing and selection of households i s completed will be recorded.  Total time taken (in hours) to canvass the question naire LHQ by the team of field officials will be recorded in item 2. 5.  Relevant remarks/comments will be recorded in item 2. 6 and 2. 7 by JSO/SE and SSO/SS. 2. 3 Section 3: Sketch map for sub-units (SUs) formatio n  OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE To draw a notional map to show the location, bounda ries, etc. of hamlets, SUs in the village/block. This will help in formation of SUs a nd identification of selected SU.  IMPLEMENTATION NOTES  For villages/UFS blocks requiring SU formation, the space provided in the Section shall be used to draw a free hand sketch-map of the villa ge/UFS block showing the boundaries of the hamlets and SUs formed so that they may be i dentifiable in the field afterwards with the help of this map. It need not be drawn to scale. For villages, the serial numbers of the hamlets as given in column (1) of Section 4. 1 will be written down on the map against each hamlet. The SU number given in column (1) of Section 4. 2 to which the hamlet belongs will also be shown against each haml et within brackets on the right side of the hamlet number. For urban areas also, the SUs will be numbered in the map. The area for the selected SU shall be shaded in the map. Selected SU will be identified in section 4. 2.  The sketch map will be drawn on paper and uploaded after scanning.  No need to draw map when the value of D is 1.	HCES2022_Vol_I.pdf
Chapter Two Questionnaire LHQ: List of Households Instructions to Field Staff, Vol. I B-8 \| Page 2. 4 Section 3. 1: sketch map of Sub-division formation  OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE To draw a notional map to show the location and bou ndaries of Sub-divisions formed in the selected SU when its present population is 1500 or more (750 or more for special areas in rural). This will help in formation of Sub-division s and identification of selected Sub-division.  IMPLEMENTATION NOTES  For SU requiring formation of Sub-divisions, a free hand sketch map of the SU showing the boundaries of the Sub-divisions will be drawn i n the spaces provided in this Section. The Sub-division number will be marked against each Sub-division corresponding to the number in column (1) of Section 4. 3. The area of se lected Sub-division will be shaded in the map.  The sketch map of the Sub-division will be drawn on paper and scanned image uploaded.  No need to draw map if selected SU has approximate population less than 1500 (750 for special areas in rural) 2. 5 Section 4. 1: List of hamlets (only for rural samp les with SU formation)  OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE To list all the hamlets in the village and form SUs.  IMPLEMENTATION NOTES  This Section is to be filled in only for the villag es requiring formation of SU (i. e. for D>1). All the hamlets located in the village will b e listed in the specified procedure described in para 2. 0. 3.  There are three columns in the table provided in th is Section which may be filled in.  Three columns of the table are explained below 2. 5. 1 Column 1 : Serial number This will be auto generated.	HCES2022_Vol_I.pdf
Chapter Two Questionnaire LHQ: List of Households Instructions to Field Staff, Vol. I B-9 \| Page 2. 5. 2 Column 2 : Name of the hamlet : Name of the hamlet will be entered here. 2. 5. 3 Column 3 : Percentage of population of each hamlet Present population of each hamlet will be ascertain ed from the knowledgeable person and percentage in respect of total approximate populati on of the village will be entered against each hamlet in whole number. Sum of all ent ries of column 3 will be equal to 100. 2. 6 Section 4. 2: List of sub-units (SU) and identifica tion of selected SU  OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE This section is meant for recording the details of formation of sub-units and their selection. Reference may be made to paragraphs 2. 0. 3, 2. 0. 3. 1 and 2. 0. 4 for the procedures of formation and numbering of SUs.  IMPLEMENTATION NOTES  To be filled only if D>1 in item 1. 15 of Section 1.  Each row in the table will contain information for one SU only  The number of rows in this Section will be equal to the value of D as recorded in item 1. 15 of Section 1.  Column 2 will be entered for rural samples only.  Various columns of the table are explained below. 2. 6. 1 Column (1): serial no. of SU : Serial number of SU will be auto generated. 2. 6. 2 Column (2): serial no. of hamlet(s) in the SU (rur al only) : This column is to be filled up only for rural FSUs. The serial numbers of the haml ets recorded in column (1) of Section 4. 1 constituting each SU are to be recorded in column ( 2).	HCES2022_Vol_I.pdf
Chapter Two Questionnaire LHQ: List of Households Instructions to Field Staff, Vol. I B-1 0 \| Page 2. 6. 3 Column (3): percentage ( %) of population in the SU : Approximate present population of the SU in terms of percentage to total approximate village/UFS block population will be recorded in column (3) in whole number. Entries in this column should always add up to 100. 2. 6. 4 Column (4): selected SU : '1' will be recorded against the selected SU. This will be auto populated once the formation of SU is complete and SU numbers are assigned to each SU. 2. 7 Section 4. 3: List of Sub-divisions of selected SU with population equal to or more than 1500 (750 for special cases) and ident ification of selected Sub-division  OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE This Section is meant for recording the details of formation of Sub-divisions within the selected SU and their selection. Reference may be m ade to paragraph 2. 0. 5 for the procedures of formation of Sub-divisions. The crite rion of formation of Sub-division is described in paragraph 1. 3. 17 and 1. 3. 17. 1 of Chapt er one. D 1 number of Sub-divisions will be formed.  IMPLEMENTATION NOTES  To be filled only when D 1 > 1 in item 1. 17 of Section 1.  The number of rows in the table in this section wil l be equal to the value of D1.  There are three columns of each row to be filled in.  Various columns of the table are explained below. 2. 7. 1 Column (1): serial no. of Sub-divisions : Serial number of Sub-divisions will be auto generat ed. 2. 7. 2 Column (2): percentage ( %) of population in the Sub-divisions : Approximate present population of the Sub-divisions in terms of percentage to approximate population of selected SU will be recorded in colum n (2) in whole number. Entries in this column should always add up to 100.	HCES2022_Vol_I.pdf
Chapter Two Questionnaire LHQ: List of Households Instructions to Field Staff, Vol. I B-1 1 \| Page 2. 7. 3 Column (3): selected Sub-division : One Sub-division will be selected randomly. '1' wil l be recorded against the selected Sub-divisions in this column. CAPI will randomly select one sub-division. 2. 8 Section 5: list of households and structures  OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE Listing of all the houses and households along with collection of a few particulars for identification, preparation of sampling frame and f ormation of second stage strata for households is to be done in this Section.  IMPLEMENTATION NOTES  In this section, various informations are to be rec orded for selected SU/Sub-division of SU.  It is essential to ensure that there is no omission or duplication of any house or household. A house to house enquiry will be made to list all the houses and households. Households, which are found to be locked at the tim e of listing (including such households which are absent in the present place fo r a period of less than six months during last one year) are also to be listed and inc luded in the frame of households before sample selection. After obtaining from the neighbours as much detai ls as possible about the absentee households, attempt should be made to contact the households at the appropriate hours (even outside the normal working hours of the JSO/SE) and if required, by revisiting the households during the s urvey period in the sample FSU. While listing a house the JSO/SE shall find out how many households (including locked households) reside there and list all of them. Afte r this, the JSO/SE will proceed to list the next house. In order to ensure complete listing of houses/ households, it is better to follow some definite order for listing. The order f ollowed in 2011 Population Census may be adopted, wherever possible, taking care that any house that has come up later is not omitted; otherwise, listing may be done in serp entine manner starting from the north-west corner and moving southwards.  Various items of Section 5 are described below. 2. 8. 1 Item 5. 1: house number : All houses including vacant ones shall be listed by giving a house number. The 2011 Population Census house number or the number given by the loca l panchayat, municipality or other local bodies, may be used if available. The houses withou t such numbers will be given a separate	HCES2022_Vol_I.pdf
Chapter Two Questionnaire LHQ: List of Households Instructions to Field Staff, Vol. I B-1 2 \| Page running serial number starting from 1 within bracke ts. Wherever house numbers are available, even if not for all the houses, the actual house nu mbers shall be recorded without any bracket. After listing all the households associated with a house, the next house shall be listed. For family living under a tree or bridge etc. (i. e. without an y house), a '-' may be put in this column. 2. 8. 2 Item 5. 2: is the house used only for non-residentia l purposes? (Yes-1, No-2 ) Code will be 1 if the house /structure have no hous eholds residing in it. Otherwise code will be 2. Branching and skipping: If 1 in item 5. 2, go to 5. 1 and list the next house. If 2 in item 5. 2, go to 5. 3 and list the households. 2. 8. 3 Item 5. 3: household serial number : The household(s) normally residing in the house or in a fixed location (e. g. under a tree/ bridge/ open space etc. ) listed in item 5. 1 will be numbere d in item 5. 3. All households (including those found temporarily absent) will be given a running s erial number starting from 1. In case of persons staying in, say, hostels and forming single member households, each of them will be listed as separate household giving a household ser ial number. Continuous serial number starting from 1 will be given in item (5. 3) for the househol ds in the FSU. This item will be left blank for vacant houses, non-residential buildings, etc. 2. 8. 4 Item 5. 4: name of head of the household : For a household having serial number in item 5. 3, t he name of head of the household shall be recorded here. 2. 8. 5 Item 5. 5: household size: The size of the listed household is the total numbe r of persons normally residing together and taking food from the same kitchen. It includes temporary stay-away and excludes temporary visitors. Domestic serv ants and paying guests staying with the households will be treated as household members. An y person staying or intending to stay for less than 6 months will be considered as temporary resident. For locked household information may be obtained from the neighbours as far as possi ble. 2. 8. 6 Item 5. 6: area of land possessed in acre: (for rural only) Total land possessed area of the household will be recorded in this item. Homestead land will also be considered in land possession. Land owned o utside the FSU will also be considered here. The amount of land possessed may be collected in te rms of acre. If collected in hectare then it is to be converted to acre for recording these codes. The conversion factors are:	HCES2022_Vol_I.pdf
Chapter Two Questionnaire LHQ: List of Households Instructions to Field Staff, Vol. I B-1 3 \| Page 1 acre = 0. 405 hectare 1 hectare = 2. 471 acre Land possessed by servants and paying guests who ar e member of the employer's household will not be included here. Definition of land possession is given in chapter 1. 2. 8. 6. 1 For locked households, efforts must be made to get the information from the neighbours. If no information is available even from the neighb ours then zero will be entered in this column. 2. 8. 7 Item 5. 7: whether the household owns one or more f our wheeler cars for non-commercial use? (Codes 1-2) : (for urban only) If urban household owns one or more four wheeler ca rs for non-commercial use then code 1 may be reported otherwise code 2. For locked households, efforts must be made to get the information from the neighbours. If no information is available even from the neighbours, code 2 will be entered in this item. 2. 8. 8 Item 5. 8: if 1 in 5. 7, then total purchase value o f four wheeler cars (code): The urban household which owns one or more four whe eler cars for non-commercial use, total purchase value of four wheeler cars in terms of cod e will be ascertained. Code will be '1' if the value is more than 10 lakhs, otherwise '2' may be recorded. For determining the value, purchase value of the car wi ll be considered. If the household owns more than one car, combined value will be considered whi le recording the code. 2. 8. 9 Item 5. 9: SSS number: SSS numbers for questionnaire will be auto generate d considering the entries in items 5. 6, 5. 7 and 5. 8. SSS number for rural entry in item 5. 6 SSS number in item 5. 9 land possession as on the date of survey more than 'X' 1 equal to or more than 'Y' but less than or equal to 'X' 2 less than or equal to 'Y' 3	HCES2022_Vol_I.pdf
Chapter Two Questionnaire LHQ: List of Households Instructions to Field Staff, Vol. I B-1 4 \| Page 'X' is such that 5% of the households have land po ssession more than 'X' as per NSS 77 th round Situation assessment survey of agricultural househo lds (SAS). Here 'Y' is such that 20% of the households have land possession more than 'Y' as pe r NSS round SAS data. This cut off points (X, Y) has been determined at State/UT level. Table 1: The values of cut-off points X & Y of land possessed in acres for rural sector by State/UT state/u. t. X Y (1) (2) (3) Jammu & Kashmir 2. 63 1. 41 Himachal Pradesh 3. 65 1. 40 Punjab 9. 08 1. 61 Chandigarh(U. T. ) 0. 02 0. 01 Uttrakhand 4. 09 1. 52 Haryana 8. 27 3. 03 Delhi 6. 04 0. 83 Rajasthan 12. 03 4. 52 Uttar Prdesh 4. 02 1. 61 Bihar 2. 73 1. 05 Sikkim 4. 02 2. 00 Arunachal Pradesh 4. 65 3. 40 Nagaland 6. 05 4. 70 Manipur 3. 50 1. 95 Mizoram 6. 02 3. 81 Tripura 2. 20 1. 20 Meghalaya 5. 13 3. 03 Assam 3. 57 1. 98 West Bengal 2. 02 0. 77 Jharkhand 3. 18 1. 80 Odisha 4. 04 2. 06 Chattisgarh 5. 50 3. 28 Madhya Pradesh 8. 02 3. 54 Gujarat 7. 04 2. 52 Daman and Diu & Dadra and Nagar Haveli 2. 47 1. 78 Maharashtra 8. 01 3. 28 Andhra Pradesh 5. 57 2. 25 Karnataka 7. 53 3. 11 Goa 2. 71 0. 84 Lakshadweep (U. T. ) 0. 31 0. 22 Kerala 2. 54 0. 70 Tamilnadu 3. 04 1. 02 Puducherry (U. T. ) 2. 01 0. 04	HCES2022_Vol_I.pdf
Chapter Two Questionnaire LHQ: List of Households Instructions to Field Staff, Vol. I B-1 5 \| Page Table 1: The values of cut-off points X & Y of land possessed in acres for rural sector by State/UT state/u. t. X Y A and N Islands (U. T. ) 4. 94 1. 31 Telangana 9. 02 4. 04 Ladakh (U. T. ) 2. 63 2. 09 SSS number for urban entry in item 5. 7 entry in item 5. 8 SSS number in item 5. 9 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 SSS number in item 5. 9 for both rural and urban sec tor will be auto populated in CAPI. 2. 8. 10 Item 5. 10-item 5. 12: mobile number of head of th e household or any other member of the household and land line number of the househ olds: Mobile number of head of the household and any othe r member of the household will be recorded in item 5. 10 and 5. 11. If there is any lan dline telephone of the household same will be recorded in item 5. 12. 2. 9 On completion of item 5. 12, next household will be taken up for listing and filling up of all the items. This process will be continued till all the households in the SU/Sub-division are listed. 2. 10 Allocation of sample households and selection of sample households : 2. 10. 1 Number of households in the frame of each SS S will be auto generated from item 5. 9. A number of sample households will be selected from e ach SSS of each type of Questionnaire. A total of 18 households will be surveyed from each s elected FSU. Second stage strata-wise (SSS) allocation of households will be proportional to the number of households listed in each SSS. No compensation of household/households w ill be done among SSS. 2. 11 Section 6 : particulars of sampling of households  OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE Particulars of sampling of households will be auto generated in this Section for selected FSU.	HCES2022_Vol_I.pdf
Chapter Two Questionnaire LHQ: List of Households Instructions to Field Staff, Vol. I B-1 6 \| Page  IMPLEMENTATION NOTES  Columns 2 will be auto generated by summing up the item 5. 5 for each FSU  Columns 4 and 5 will be auto generated from the ite m 5. 9 for each SSS.  Columns 6 and 7 will be auto generated from Section 1 of Questionnaires HCQ, FDQ, CSQ and DGQ for the corresponding rows of Section 6.  Column 8 = Column 6 + Column 7.  Column 9 = Column 5-Column 8.  Various items of Section 6 are described below. 2. 11. 1 Column (2): population : population will be obtained by summing up the ite m no 5. 5 of section 5. 2. 11. 2 Column (4): number of households listed (H) : Total number of households listed in the frame of e ach SSS of the Questionnaire LCES 2022 will be auto generated from the entries in item 5. 9 resp ectively 2. 11. 3 Column (5): number of households selected (h) : It is the allocation of sample households in each S SS. It will be auto generated. 2. 11. 4 Columns (6), (7), (8) and (9) : All these columns will be auto generated. Columns ( 6) and (7) may be filled up on the basis of survey codes given in Section 1 of Questionnaire HCQ, FDQ, CSQ and DGQ. The entries in columns (6) and (7) will be the number of filled-in questionnaires with the survey codes 1 & 2 for respective Questionnaire and SSS. Relations bet ween columns are (i) Column (8) = column (6) + column (7) and (ii) colum n (9) = column (5)-column (8). Entry against 'all (9)' will be auto generated as s um of entries in SSS 1-3 for all Questionnaires.	HCES2022_Vol_I.pdf
Chapter Two Questionnaire LHQ: List of Households Instructions to Field Staff, Vol. I B-1 7 \| Page 2. 12 Section 7 : remarks by investigators (JSO/SE) : The Junior Statistical Officer (JSO)/ Survey Enumer ator (SE) may give remarks here on any abnormal situation or entry in the questionnaire. 2. 13 Section 8: comments by supervisory officer(s) : The supervising officer inspecting the work relatin g to this questionnaire may give comments here. 2. 14 Substitution of sample households : If the questionnaire HCQ and any of FDQ or CSQ or DGQ cannot be canvassed for a sample household in t he first visit due to some reason or the other, it will be substituted by the next non-selec ted household having higher sampling serial number of the same SSS. The substitute for the one having last sampling serial number of a SSS will be the one having the smallest sampling serial number within the same SSS. If the substituted household again becomes a casualty, it will be substituted by another in the same manner. If this household also turns out to be a ca sualty, further substitute need not be taken. Substitution may be attempted more than twice in so me extreme cases to prevent occurrence of void SSS. Substitution of the households will be done in the first visit only. 2. 15 Substitution of sample FSU: (a) If a sample FSU cannot be surveyed due to say, it b eing not uniquely identifiable or traceable, not accessible or for any other reason, it will be substituted. All such cases will be referred to: The Deputy Director General (TC), DQAD, NSO Mahalanobis Bhawan, 164, Gopal Lal Tagore Road, Kolkata-700108. e-mail address: tc. dpd@mospi. gov. in A copy of the letter may be given to: The Deputy Director General (Co-ordination), SDRD, NSO Mahalanobis Bhawan, 164, Gopal Lal Tagore Road, Kolkata-700108. e-mail address: tc. sdrd-mospi@gov. in If the substituted FSU has same problem as the orig inal, correspondences may be made immediately so that another substitute can be provi ded to prevent stratum/sub-stratum from being void. In case no substitute FSU could be surv eyed even with best efforts [i. e. code 7 in	HCES2022_Vol_I.pdf
Chapter Two Questionnaire LHQ: List of Households Instructions to Field Staff, Vol. I B-1 8 \| Page item 1. 18, Section 1], a blank Questionnaire LHQ wi ll be submitted with only Sections 0, 1, 2, 7 and 8 filled in. All efforts must be made to ensure that at least on e FSU is always surveyed from each stratum/ sub-stratum so as to prevent occurrences o f void strata. (b) If a sample FSU is found to be depopulated at t he time of survey, or its population has shifted elsewhere due to some natural calamity, or it is tr eated as a “zero-case”, it will not be substituted. It will be treated as a valid sample and blank Ques tionnaire LHQ with only Sections 0, 1, 2, 7 and 8 filled in will be submitted in such cases. Th e word 'UNINHABITED' or 'ZERO CASE', as appropriate will be written on the top of the fr ont page of the questionnaire in such cases. However, in Arunachal Pradesh and possibly elsewher e also in the hill tracts of North Eastern States where, for example, jhum cultivation is prev alent, whole village may shift from place to place. In such cases the sample village will be sur veyed in the place where it is currently located and not treated as uninhabited if found absent in i ts original location. (c) If a village in which the sample FSU is situate d is found to have been declared as urban (as a town by itself or as merged in another town) either by State Govt. notification or by census authorities after Census 2011 and if it is covered in the urban frame used for selection of FSUs, it will be treated as a zero case and the procedure gi ven in the previous para will be followed in this case. However, if it is not included in the ur ban frame, it is to be surveyed as per the rural programme. If the boundaries of the original villag e are not identifiable, it may be substituted. If only a part of the village has been merged in the t own, the remaining part will be surveyed as per rural programme even in this situation. It is suggested to write to SDRD before treating any sample as a zero case. (d) It is important to note that a listing questionnaire has to be sub mitted for every sample FSU irrespective of whether it is surveyed/ substituted (including uninhabited and zero cases) or a casualty. 2. 16 Selection of more than one SU from same village/UFS block : If more than one SU belonging to a particular village/UFS block is sele cted as sample, each of them will be treated as an independent sample. 2. 16. 1 If more than one SU is selected from same vi llage/UFS block in same month, formation of SUs may be done when listing questionnaire for the first of the sample FSUs of the village/UFS block is filled-in. That is, Sections 3, 4. 1, 4. 2 and 4. 3 may be filled-in for t he first instance and when any other SU is selected from the same village /UFS block, information may be copied from Sections 3, 4. 1, 4. 2 and 4. 3 of the previously fill ed-in listing questionnaire. 2. 16. 2 If, however, the SUs are canvassed in differ ent months, they are to be surveyed just like a new sample with fresh SU formation, listing and sam ple selection.	HCES2022_Vol_I.pdf
Chapter Two Questionnaire LHQ: List of Households Instructions to Field Staff, Vol. I B-1 9 \| Page Frequently asked questions and their replies: LCES 2022 sl. no. section item col. query SDRD reply (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) 1. Concepts, Definitions In some cases the aged parents are living three months with one child, next three months with another child. Likewise they are residing in four households on a rotational basis in a particular year. In such cases where will the parents be listed? The parents are to be considered in that household where they are currently residing at the time of listing. 2. Concepts, Definitions One student is studying in a foreign country. Will he be considered for listing? No. 3. Concepts, Definitions If Census 2011 population of the selected village is less than 1000 but approximate present population is 1600, whether Sub-division will be formed or not? Yes, Sub-division will be formed. 4. Concepts, Definitions If a selected household is locked in second visit or third visit will it be substituted? No. Substitution of household will be done in first visit only. 5. Concepts, Definitions A household surveyed in visit 1 has shifted at the time of visit 2, what treatment has to be given? If the household has sifted within the selected sub unit then only it will be surveyed in visit 2. If it has shifted outside the selected sub unit it will become casualty. 6. 2. 4 2. 4. 1 & 2. 4. 3 -(a) Which dates will come here? (b) What will be the date of completion of survey, whether the date when listing was completed or the whole survey for the FSU, including the detailed schedules? The items of block 6 of Questionnaire LCES 2022 will be filled only after ascertaining the completion of all the detailed schedules. (a)Commencement of identification of village/block. (b) Completion of selection of sample households. The minor part relating to columns 6-9 of section-6 may be ignored.	HCES2022_Vol_I.pdf
Chapter Two Questionnaire LHQ: List of Households Instructions to Field Staff, Vol. I B-2 0 \| Page Frequently asked questions and their replies: LCES 2022 sl. no. section item col. query SDRD reply (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) 7. 3 Sketch Map-Whether Sub-unit can be formed by using imaginary line? Under normal circumstances imaginary line may be avoided. However, imaginary lines may be used in some special cases where there is no other alternative. The Sub-unit formed should be clearly identifiable on the field. 8. 4. 1-2 Sample village requires Sub-unit formation but there are no natural hamlets. Whether only one entry i. e. name of the sample village with 100% population to be recorded? No, in case the sample village requires Sub-Unit formation, it should be artificially divided and the name of mohulla, street etc should be recorded. 9. 5 5. 1-A household is living under tent. Whether house number is to be assign ed to this household structure? A '-' may be put. 10. 5 5. 5-A truck driver stays away from home for more than six months continuously or otherwise during the reference year. Will he be listed as a normal household member? No, he will not be listed. 11. 5 5. 5-A family member is a student and residing in a students' hostel for the past one year. While recording the household size, whether this member is to be considered? No. The student will be listed as single member household in the students' hostel where he is presently residing. 12. 5 5. 5-Five single member households are staying with a family which provides them food and accommodation. Whether the five members will be listed as single member households or will they be clubbed with the family as paying guest? They will be treated as paying guest of the family and will be listed as member s of the household with which they are staying as paying guest. However, if the situation is more like a mess or hostel, then each member may be treated as single member household. It may be noted that a person will not be considered as a paying guest unl ess he/she takes breakfast and major meals from the household.	HCES2022_Vol_I.pdf
Chapter Two Questionnaire LHQ: List of Households Instructions to Field Staff, Vol. I B-2 1 \| Page Frequently asked questions and their replies: LCES 2022 sl. no. section item col. query SDRD reply (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) 13. 5 5. 5-Will a new born baby be considered for determining household size? Yes. The new born baby will be considered as a member of that household in which the mother is a usual member. 14. 5 5. 5-Will the deceased member of a family be counted in the household size? No. 15. 5 5. 6-Whether land possessed by paying guests and servants who are normal members of the household will be included while recording the code? No, land possessed by paying guests and servants will not be included. 16. 5 5. 6-Whether the land possessed includes the land owned outside the FSU? Yes. 17. 5 5. 6-The land owned by a cultivator is submerged under sea water because of any natural calamity. Will that land be considered as possessed by the cultivator while making entry in this column? No, such land possession may not be considered. 18. 5 5. 6-A piece of non-partitioned hereditary land is under litigation between 2 households belonging to the FSU. The land is not utilized by either of the households. To which household the disputed land is to be assigned for deciding land possession code? The land need not be considered for inclusion in respect of both the households as the ownership of the land is under dispu te and the land is not in use. Please mention the situation in the comments blocks. 19. 5 5. 6-What treatment will be given to: (A) Private land encroached and possessed by a household? (B) Government land encroached and possessed by household? (A) All private land encroached by a household will be treated as leased in land. (B) All public/institutional land possessed by a household without the title of ownership or occupancy right will be treated as otherwise	HCES2022_Vol_I.pdf
Chapter Two Questionnaire LHQ: List of Households Instructions to Field Staff, Vol. I B-2 2 \| Page Frequently asked questions and their replies: LCES 2022 sl. no. section item col. query SDRD reply (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) possessed land. In both cases the land will be considered a s possessed for item 5. 6 in section 5. 20. 5 5. 6-Brothers are separated and listed as separate households and doing joint cultivation as heritable property of land is not divided in records. Again which households land possessed is to be recorded? Proportionate area of land may be recorded. 21. 5 5. 6-In case of share cropping, whether land possessed will be recorded against owner household or against share cropper household? 1. If the land owner does not participate in cultivation and does not share any expenses on input then possession of entire land will be shown against share cropper. 2. If the share cropper and land owner share the expenses or both participate in cultivation of land then possession of land is to be reported proportionately. 22. 5 5. 7-A household uses a four wheeler for commercial as well as non-commercial purposes. Will it be considered here? If the car is used mainly for non-commercial purposes, it will be considered here. 23. 5 5. 7-If a household has booked a four wheeler for non-commercial use, will it be considered here? No. 24. 5 5. 7 An urban household owns a car by hire purchase or received as a gift. Will it be comes under SSS 1 or 2? Yes, the household will be considered in SSS1 or 2 if it owns car.	HCES2022_Vol_I.pdf
Chapter Two Questionnaire LHQ: List of Households Instructions to Field Staff, Vol. I B-2 3 \| Page Frequently asked questions and their replies: LCES 2022 sl. no. section item col. query SDRD reply (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) 25. 5 5. 7 Whether an urban household owning a car, which is not in a running condition, would be considered for SSS 1 or 2? Yes, it will be considered for SSS 1 or 2 provided after maintenance it can be brought back in running condition. 26. 5 5. 7 If the owner of the car sh ifted to different city for his job and presently car is used by his wife and son in his earlier household then what treatment will be given if wife's household has been selected? In this case ownership like possession is to be considered and wife's household is to recorded under SSS1 or SSS2 as per purchase value of the car.	HCES2022_Vol_I.pdf
Chapter Three Household Consumption Expenditure Survey: 2022-23 Instructions to Field Staff, Vol. I Note for Chapter-3 Questionnaire FDQ : It may be noted that the value figures will not be collected for the following items received free of cost through different Government social welfare programmes: i) Rice-free (item code 061) ii) Wheat/atta (item code 062) iii) Coarse grains (item codes 063-068 & 070) iv) Pulses (item code 071) v) Gram (item code 072) vi) Salt (item code 073) vii) Sugar (item code 074) viii) Edible oil (item code 075) Therefore, the instruction “value is to be imputed at prevailing local retail market price” given in para nos. 3. 3. 4. 1. 2 & 3. 3. 4. 1. 4 of Section 5. 1, page no. C-53, para no. 3. 3. 4. 2. 5 of Section 5. 2, page no. C-56, and para no. 3. 3. 4. 3. 2 of Section 5. 3, page no. C-57 may be ignored. Questionnaire CSQ: 1. Para no. 3. 4. 2. 3. 0 page no. C-73 may be read as “If any household member is attending or attended educational institution (formal or informal) during the last 365 days then code 1 will be recorded, otherwise code 2 will be recorded. If code 1 is recorded in Q4. 2. 3, then the number of members' attended/attending educational institution during the last 365 days will also be recorded separately for Government and Private institution in the respective textboxes”. 2. Para no. 3. 4. 2. 7. 0, page no. C-75 may be read as “If any member of the household was hospitalized as in-patient of a medical institution during the last 365 days, then any one of codes 1-3 will be applicable, otherwise code 4 will be recorded”. 3. Para no. 3. 4. 2. 8. 0 page no. C-75 may be read as “This question will be applicable only if, code 1 is recorded in Q4. 2. 7 and any one of code 1-3 is recorded in Q4. 2. 8. If one or more members of the household have received benefits of medical treatment (hospitalized treatment) under Pradhan Mantri Jan Aarogya Yojona or from any other state specific health scheme then, code 1 will be recorded in Q4. 2. 9; otherwise code 2 will be recorded.	HCES2022_Vol_I.pdf
Chapter Three Household Consumption Expenditure Survey: 2022-23 Instructions to Field Staff, Vol. I It is to be noted that if code 1 is recorded in Q4. 2. 9, then the number of members who have received the benefits of such government health schemes during the last 365 days along with total amount of expenditure incurred by the household over & above the ceiling limit (i. e., excluding Govt. Spending) for the treatment will also be recorded in the respective textboxes”. The reply to the following FAQs may be read as: 1. FAQ no. 43 (page no. C-124) may be read as “The entry should be made against the rice-free (061) & wheat/atta-free (062) respectively and value of these items will not be collected”. 2. FAQ no. 50 (page no. C-126) may be read as “The quantity consumed from free PDS rice will be recorded against item rice-free (061), however value figure will not be collected for this item. ”	HCES2022_Vol_I.pdf
Chapter Three Household Consumption Expenditure Survey: 2022-23 Instr uctions to Field Staff, Vol. I, C-1 \| P a g e Chapter Three Household Consumption Expenditure Survey : 2022-23 3. 0 Introduction 3. 0. 0. 0 The Household Consumption Expenditure Survey : 2022-23 has been planned to collect disaggregated level information from the households on consumption of food, consumabl e and durable items along with services in a similar manner to that of erstwhile Consumer Expenditure Survey (CES) of NSS. The survey has been pl anned to be conducted from July, 2022 -June, 2023 and information collected in the survey will be primarily us ed for preparation of weighting diagra m for compilation of consumer price indices for rural and urban India. In addition, statistical indicators of level of living, social consumption and well-being, and inequalities therein will also be compiled from the d ata collected in the survey. It is very important to know what goods and services households are buying and how much they are spending to determin e the strength of our economy and the direction in which it is moving. 3. 0. 0. 1 In the present survey, questio nnaire format has been adopted to collect information on household consumption instead of the conventional schedule format and methodology of data collection has been modified to optimize the length of the questionnaire. The entire commodity basket of foo d and non-food items of consumption have been divided into three broad groups, namely,  Food (F)  Consumables and Services (C& S)  Durables (D) to form three separate questionnaires, namely, (i) Questionnaire FDQ: Food Items (ii) Questionnaire CSQ: Consumables & Services (iii) Questionnaire DGQ: Durable Items. To collect information on Household characteristics and Demographic particulars of sample households the following questionnaire has been prepared (iv) Questionnaire HCQ: Household Characteristics. All the Question naires except Questionnaire HCQ will be canvassed in each selected household in three separate monthly visits in a quarter and will be canvassed at random. Information on Household characteristics and Demographic particulars from all the sample households (Questionnaire HCQ) will be collected during first visit. However, in	HCES2022_Vol_I.pdf
Chapter Three Household Consumption Expenditure Survey: 2022-23 Instr uctions to Field Staff, Vol. I, C-2 \| P a g e order to record the present s tatus of the surveyed household, the change in composition of the household, information on demographic particulars will be collected in the Sections 2A & 3 A in Visit s-2 & 3. 3. 0. 1 Definin g household consumption expenditure 3. 0. 1. 0 Every household is a distinctly identified unit of consumption of goods and services and the measure of household consumption expenditure is an important indicator of their lev el of living and economic well-being, as well as disparities thereof. Household Consumption Expenditure (HCE), in the easiest way can be defined asexpenditure incurred by households on consumption goods and services, i. e., on goods and services used for t he direct satisfaction of individual needs and wants or the collective needs of members of the community and not for further transformation in production. 3. 0. 1. 1 In addition, the following must be added to make the definition of HCE exhaustive- (i) the imputed expenditure by households on goods and services produced as outputs of unincorporated enterprises owned by them and retained for their own use (ii) the imputed expenditure by households on goods and services received by them as remuneration in kin d. Both these additions can be regarded as imputed values of costs incurred by households to obtain consumption of goods and services for own use. Thus, the actual final consumption of households consists of the consumption of goods and services acquired by individuals by expenditures (including imputed expenditures of the kinds described above) or through social transfers in kind receive d from government units or from non-profit institutions serving households (NPISHs). 3. 0. 1. 2 Household consumption expe nditure (HCE) during a specified period, called the reference period, may thus, be defined as the total of the following: (a) expenditure incurred by households on 'consumption of goods and services'1 during the reference period including online purchases (b) impu ted value of goods and services produced as outputs of household (proprietary or partnership) enterprises owned by households and used by their members themselves during the reference period (c) imputed value of goods and services received by households as rem uneration in kind during the reference period (d) imputed value of goods and services received by households through social transfers in kind received from government units or non-profit institutions serving households (NPISHs) and used by households during th e reference period2. Some clarifications need to be made at this stage. 1This term refers to goods and servi ces used (without further transformation in production) by households, NPISHs (Non-Profit Institutions Serving Households ) or government units for the direct satisfaction of individual needs and wants or the collective needs of members of the community. 2 By convention, such consumption is included in the NSS HCE survey only for food items.	HCES2022_Vol_I.pdf
Chapter Three Household Consumption Expenditure Survey: 2022-23 Instr uctions to Field Staff, Vol. I, C-3 \| P a g e 3. 0. 1. 3 Firstly, it follows from the above that any expenditure incurred by households for the productive enterprises (farm or non-farm) owned by them is excluded from household consum ption expenditure. Also, expenditure on purchase of residential land or building is excluded, as land and building are excluded from consumption goods and services in national accounting. 3. 0. 1. 4 Expenditures made by a household to acquire any good or ser vice should be distinguished from transfer payments made by the household. A transfer payment is a transaction in which one unit provides a good, service or asset to another without receiving any good, service or asset in return, or, in other words, transa ctions in which there is no counterpart. Transfers are unrequited (unreciprocated or one-sided). Examples are fines and forcibly extracted payments such as ransom. Such transfer payments should be excluded from HCE. 3. 0. 1. 5 In national accounting, all taxes based on income or wealth (the ownership of assets) are transfers because they are compulsory unrequited payments to the government. However, “house tax” and “municipal taxes” are at present being recorded in the NSS HCE questionnaire and included in HC E on the grounds that the government provides some services in return, though in the strict sense of the term, the condition that the services received are in return for the payment (or form the counterpart of the payment) is not satisfied here. 3. 0. 1. 6 Insurance premium payments by households are being considered as outside the scope of HCE, as followed in NSS surveys. Hence, no information on any kind of insurance premium paid by the household will be collected in the questionnaire. 3. 0. 1. 7 Second-hand purchases of clothing, bedding, footwear, books and periodicals, and durable goods are regarded as a part of HCE in NSS. 3. 0. 1. 8 Goods and services are sometimes provided by employers to employees as remuneration in kind or as perquisites. These should be distinguished from inputs of the enterprise. The general guiding principle is that if employees are obliged to use such goods and services for performing their duties, then these are intermediate inputs. If employees are free to use the goods and service s at their own discretion, then these goods and services are perquisites or remuneration in kind and thereforeit will be a part of HCE. The following diagrams describe the consumption of items to be included and excluded in compilation of HCE:	HCES2022_Vol_I.pdf
Chapter Three Household Consumption Expenditure Survey: 2022-23 Instr uctions to Field Staff, Vol. I, C-4 \| P a g e Consumption Expenditure should include Expenditure on consumption goods and services Any household expenses reimbursed by employer (medical, electricity, LTC, etc. ) Imputed value of self-consumed produce of own farm or other hh enterprise Cost of minor repairs of land & buidling and cost of repairs of durable goods All compulsory payments to schools and colleges including so-called “donations” Goods and services received as payment in kind or received free from employer (incl. imputed rent of quarters) Payments for medical care reimbursed or directly paid by insurance company Second-hand purchases of clothing, footwear, books, durables Not to be included in Consumption Expenditure Enterprise expenditure (farm, non-farm) Cost of purchase & construction of land & building Payment of interest on loan taken Insurance premium payments Lottery tickets, gambling exp enses Money given as charity, remittances, donations, fines, direct taxes	HCES2022_Vol_I.pdf
Chapter Three Household Consumption Expenditure Survey: 2022-23 Instr uctions to Field Staff, Vol. I, C-5 \| P a g e 3. 0. 2 Accounting of consumption at the household level: the two approaches 3. 0. 2. 0 To make the definition of household consumption operational, clear guidelines are needed not only on what is to be included in household consum ption expenditure and wh at is to be excluded, but also on (a) the identification of the household performing each act of consumption (b) the allocation of a time to each act of consumption. 3. 0. 2. 1 It has been found convenient to assign different meanings to the word “consumption” to different categories of consumption items. Thus, the survey does not define food consumption in the same way as consumption of furniture. As a result, in measuring the consumption of any single household, NSS has always used more than one approach for mea suring 'consumption'. This approach varies with the category of consumption items. 3. 0. 2. 2 The two main approaches for accounting the consumption of households are A. Use Approach, and B. Expenditure Approach. A. Use Approach (also called Consumption Approach ) 3. 0. 2. 3 Items of food and fuel (that can be used only once) when used (used up), we say that they are consumed. When fuel is used for household cooking and lighting and other household purposes except conveyance, the household in which the fuel is used is called the consuming household. 3. 0. 2. 4 Whenever there is any intake of food, the intake is made by an individual, who is identifiable. The household to which that individual belongs is called the consuming household. The same rule is followed for pan, tobacco and intoxicants. 3. 0. 2. 5 Food cooked in the household and consumed by its members is accounted against the ingredients in the consum ption expenditure questionnaire. But when such cooked food is served to non-household members, there is a problem of apportioning the quantities and values of the ingredients, if one attempts to record the consumption in the household of the persons who eat the food. For simplicity of data collection and to avoid duplication in recording consumption certain exemptions are made in the approach. The consumption of food cooked in a household is recorded in the preparing household, irrespective of who consumes the food. Thus, when a guest or a beggar is served food prepared in a household, it is the preparing household w hich is considered as the consuming household. Also, if a household makes a payment to a person in the form of meals prepared in its kitchen, it is considered to be the consumption of the preparing household. When cooked meals are purchased from the marke t (hotels, restaurants, canteens or catering agency), the purchaser household is considered to be the consuming household,	HCES2022_Vol_I.pdf
Chapter Three Household Consumption Expenditure Survey: 2022-23 Instr uctions to Field Staff, Vol. I, C-6 \| P a g e regardless of who eats the food. This again is a departure from the Use Approach. In such conditions, it is the Expenditure Approach that is to be followed. However, if the meals purchased are then used by the purchaser as means of payment (say, to the provider of a service), then they will be accounted in the household receiving the meals as payment. 3. 0. 2. 6 When a person consumes mea ls received as assistance from the Government or a non-Government agency such as a charitable organization (for example, meals received under the Mid-day Meal scheme), it will be considered as the consumption of the household to which the person belongs (U se Approach). When recording such consumption, the value is to be imputed at the local price of the meals received. 3. 0. 2. 7 This procedure is being followed from the 64th round onwards. 3. 0. 2. 8 The Use Approach is also to be followed for food in the case of a person (usually a student in a hostel) whose food bills are regularly paid by a person (usually, a parent/guardian) belonging to a different household. All such payments are to be considered in the student household and not to the parent household. Prior to the 64th round, the Expenditure Approach was considered to be applicable in such cases. B. Expenditure Approach 3. 0. 2. 9 The expenditure approach says that consumption of the items takes place when expenditure is incurred on the item (good or service ). The household incurring the expenditure is the consuming household, regardless of whether the item is used by the household or not. 3. 0. 2. 1 0 For items of consumption other than food, pan, tobacco, intoxicants, and fuel for cooking and lighting, the exp enditure approach is followed to identify the consuming household and the time at which consumption takes place. Up to and including NSS 68th round, for clothing and footwear first use approach was followed. From NSS 75th round onwards, the Expenditure App roach is used to record consumption of these items keeping in view the ease of data collection. 3. 0. 2. 1 1 When a household obtains an item as gift or charity, or by free collection, no expenditure is incurred by the household on the item. 3. 0. 2. 1 2 When a household obtains an item as perquisite from the employer, or as payment in kind from a household or enterprise for services rendered by the household, then it is considered to incur an expenditure on the item received as perquisite or payment in kind. The value of the item at local retail prices is considered to be the amount of expenditure incurred by it. 3 3 Except for perquisites and payments in kind, the question of imputation of value does not arise in case of items which are governed by the expenditure approach.	HCES2022_Vol_I.pdf
Chapter Three Household Consumption Expenditure Survey: 2022-23 Instr uctions to Field Staff, Vol. I, C-7 \| P a g e Examples are accommodation, uniform, newspapers and telephone services provided free to employees by employers, and any expenses on domestic account, s uch as medical expenses, that are reimbursed by employers. Leave Travel Concession (LTC) is another example of perquisites. The time of consumption will be the time of acquisition of the perquisite, if it is a good (e. g., newspapers) and the time of use, i f it is a service (e. g., telephone facility). 3. 0. 2. 13 Note that the common practice of domestic servants and other unorganised and informal workers receiving clothing from their employers at festival time or on an annual or periodic basis is to be regard ed as payment in kind and the imputed value of clothing received is to be recorded in the employee's household. The time of acquisition will be considered as the time of consumption. 3. 0. 2. 14 When a household acquires an item through cash purchase, the ti me of incurring expenditure is clear. In case of payment made by cheque or through a credit card, the household is considered to incur expenditure at the moment when the cheque is handed over or the credit card is presented to the seller as means of paymen t. If the seller agrees to accept payment in instalments, it is called hire purchase. In case of hire purchase, only the payment made to the seller during the reference period is regarded as the expenditure incurred. 3. 0. 2. 15 Note that a purchase (e. g., of a car) which is fully financed by a loan from some person or institution other than the seller, where full payment is made to the seller, the entire sale value of the commodity (the principal borrowed to make the payment to the seller) is considered to be the expenditure incurred by the household. This expenditure (payment to the seller), however, takes place before the durable comes into the buyer's possession. On the other hand, the repayment of the loan in instalments to an intermediate financier (lik e bank, etc. ) goes on for several months or years. The repayment of the loan to the financier is not relevant in recording consum ption expenditure. 3. 0. 2. 16 Payments for tuition fees and rent of household dwelling unit regularly made by another household : It is not uncommon for a person's rent or tuition expenses to be regularly paid by a household different from his own, directly to the provider of the accommodation or educational services. A common example is a student in a hostel. Such person's rent an d educational fees are often paid by his or her parents' household directly to the hostel authorities. Here, going by the expenditure approach would mean that the (regularly occurring) consumption of accommodation or educational services would not be acco unted in the user household. As a departure Instalment payment Hire purchase (paid directly to the seller) Only the amount paid during reference period should be recorded Through an intermediate financier Total payable cost of the item should be recorded	HCES2022_Vol_I.pdf
Chapter Three Household Consumption Expenditure Survey: 2022-23 Instr uctions to Field Staff, Vol. I, C-8 \| P a g e from the expenditure approach normally applicable to rent and educational expenses, therefore, the use approach is to be followed. Thus, the household making use of the accommodation or the educational goods and services is to be considered as the consuming household, and not the household making the payment. This procedure is followed from NSS 64th round onwards. Summary of rules to determine the consuming household and the time of consumption A. Use approach FOOD, PAN, TOBACCO, INTOXICANTS, FUEL & LIGHT Exception: Food cooked and served or gifted to non-household members: Preparing household is consumer Meals purchased from market and served to guests or as charity: Purchasing household is consumer B. Expenditure approach ALL OTHER ITEMS (goods & services, clothing, bedding, footwear, etc. ) Exception: Rent and tuition fee payments for a household regularly made by another household: Follow use approach 3. 0. 2. 17 Imputation of value : If an item is purchased and c onsumed by a household, the value of consumption can be taken as its purchase value. But the value of an item consumed out of commodities received in exchange of goods and services, home-grown/home-produced stock, transfer receipts or free collection requi res imputation. The rule for imputation of value of consumption of commodities is given below: The value of goods and services received in exchange of goods and services-including those received as perquisites by the members of the household from their e mployers- will be imputed at the rate of average local retail prices prevailing during the reference period. However, the judgement of the respondent about the price of the goods purchased in exchange is to be taken into account. The value of home produce will be imputed at the ex-farm or ex-factory rate. This should not include any element of distributive service charges. The value of consumption out of gifts, loans, free collection, etc. will be imputed at the average local retail prices prevailing durin g the reference period. The value of consumption out of purchase will be the value at which the purchase was made. 3. 0. 3 Reference period 3. 0. 3. 0 The reference period is the period of time which relates with the information collected. In NSS surveys, the reference period often varies from item to item. Data collected with different reference	HCES2022_Vol_I.pdf
Chapter Three Household Consumption Expenditure Survey: 2022-23 Instr uctions to Field Staff, Vol. I, C-9 \| P a g e periods are known to exhibit certain systematic differences. Strictly speaking, therefore, comparisons should be made only among estimates based on data collected with identical reference period systems. 3. 0. 3. 1 In this survey, the reference periods are kept exactly same as earlier rounds of NSS except milk and milk products. The reference period for milk and milk products has been changed to 7 days from 30 days. The r eference periods to be used for different groups of consumption items are given below: Category Item groups Reference period I Edible oil; egg, fish & meat; milk and milk products ; vegetables; fruits ; spices; beverages and processed foods; pan, tobacco & intoxicants Last 7 days II All other food items; fuel and light; miscellaneous goods and services including medical ( non-hospitalisation ); rents and cesses Last 30 days III Clothing ; bedding; footwear; education; medical (hospitalisation ); durable goods Last 365 days 3. 0. 4 Questionnaire design 3. 0. 4. 0 It is to be noted that the Questionnaire FDQ, Questionnaire CSQ and Questionnaire DGQ will be canvassed in the selected household in three separate visits in a single quarter. The details of the household characteristics of the selected household will be collected in Questionnaire HCQ during the first visit only, along with any of the Questionnaire FDQ, Questionnaire CSQ or Questionnaire DGQ. However, in order to record the present status of the surveyed ho usehold, the change in composition of the household, information on demographic particulars will be collected in the Sections 2A & 3A in Visits-2 & 3. The structures of the questionnaires are given below: Questionnaire HCQ: Household Characteristics Section 1 Identification of sample household Section 2 Household size Section 3 Details of the household members Section 4 Household characteristics Section 1A Identification of sample household-during second & third visits Section 2A Household size-during second & third visits Section 3A Details of the household members-during second & third visits Section 1. 1 Contact details of the household and time taken to canvass the questionnaire	HCES2022_Vol_I.pdf
Chapter Three Household Consumption Expenditure Survey: 2022-23 Instr uctions to Field Staff, Vol. I, C-10 \| P a g e Questionnaire FDQ: Food Items Section 4. 1 General informat ion on purchase/payments Section 5 Section 5. 1 Consumption of cereals Section 5. 2 pulses & pulse products Section 5. 3 sugar and salt Section 6 Section 6. 1 milk & milk products Section 6. 2 vegetables Section 6. 3 fruits (fresh) Section 6. 4 fruits(dry) Section 6. 5 egg, fish & meat Section 6. 6 edible oil Section 6. 7 spices Section 6. 8 beverages Section 7 Section 7. 1 served processed food Section 7. 2 packaged processed food Section A1 Summary of information of items collected in Questionnaire FDQ Section A2 Contact details of the household and time taken to canvass the questionnaire Questionnaire CSQ: Consumables & Services Section 4. 2 General information on purchase/payments Section 8 Section 8. 1 Consumption of energy (fuel, light) Section 9 Section 9. 1 Expenditure on toilet articles Section 9. 2 other household consumables Section 10 Section 10. 1 education Section 10. 2 medical (hospitalization) Section 10. 3 medical (non-hospitalization) Section 1 1 Section 11. 1 conveyance Section 11. 2 consumer services (excluding conveyance) Section 11. 3 entertainment Section 11. 4 rent and other taxes & cesses Section 12 Section 12. 1 Consumption of pan Section 12. 2 tobacco Section 12. 3 intoxican ts Section B1 Summary of information of items collected in Questionnaire CSQ Section B2 Contact details of the household and time taken to canvass the questionnaire	HCES2022_Vol_I.pdf
Chapter Three Household Consumption Expenditure Survey: 2022-23 Instr uctions to Field Staff, Vol. I, C-11 \| P a g e Questionnaire DGQ: Durable Items Section 4. 3 General information on purchase/payments Section 13 Section 13. 1 Expenditure on clothing Section 13. 2 footwear Section 13. 3 bedding Section 14 Section 14. 1 Expenditure for purchase (including repair & maintenance) and/or construction of personal goods Section 14. 2 transport equipmen t Section 14. 3 sports goods Section 14. 4 medical equipment Section 14. 5 cooking & other household appliances Section 14. 6 crockery & utensils Section 14. 7 furniture and fixtures Section 14. 8 goods for recreation Section 14. 9 residential land, building and other durables Section 14. 10 jewellery & ornaments Section C1 Summary of information of items collected in Questionnaire DGQ Section C2 Contact details of the household and time taken to canvass the questionnaire	HCES2022_Vol_I.pdf
Chapter Three Household Consumption Expenditure Survey: 2022-23 Instr uctions to Field Staff, Vol. I, C-12 \| P a g e 3. 1. 1 Section 1: Identification of sample household 3. 1. 1. 0 This Section contains identification particulars of the sample household. Information related to items 1. 1 to 1. 7 and 1. 9 will be available from the sample list. Informatio n on items 1. 10 to 1. 12 will be available from the Questionnaire used for listing households (Questionnaire LHQ). Item 1. 8 (questionnaire number) are already generated. 3. 1. 1. 1 Item 1. 13: survey code : 3. 1. 1. 1. 0 Select the survey code from the following c odes. household, surveyed: original 1 household, surveyed: substitute 2 household, casualty 3 If the originally selected sample household has been surveyed, code '1' will be selected. However, if the originally selected household could not be surveye d for whatever might be the reason, a substituted household will be surveyed and, in such cases, code '2' will be selected. If neither the originally selected household nor the substituted household could be surveyed, i. e., if the sample household is a cas ualty, code '3' will be selected. In such cases, only the Section 1 will be filled in. Branching and skipping: If code 2 or 3 in i tem 1. 13, go to i tem 1. 14 3. 1. 1. 2 Item 1. 14: reason for substitution /casualty of original household 3. 1. 1. 2. 0 This item is applicable if, in item 1. 13 either code 2 or 3 is selected. Otherwise, this item is to be left blank. In case, the originally selected sample household could not be surveyed, the reason for not surveying the original household will selected, irrespective o f whether or not a substituted household could be surveyed. The codes are as follows: Informant busy 1 members away from home 2 informant non-cooperative 3 others 9 Branching and skipping: After filling up Section 1, fill up Section 2 3. 1 Questionnaire HCQ: Household Characteristics	HCES2022_Vol_I.pdf
Chapter Three Household Consumption Expenditure Survey: 2022-23 Instr uctions to Field Staff, Vol. I, C-13 \| P a g e 3. 1. 2 Sectio n 2: Household size Objectives and Scope In this section, household size of the sample household will be determined. 3. 1. 2. 1 Q2. 1. How many persons are in the household, who are normally living together for six months or more or are expected to stay for six months or more and taking food from a common kitchen? 3. 1. 2. 1. 0 The entry against this item will be automatically generated from the list of the names of the household members recorded in this Section. 3. 1. 2. 1. 1 The names of the household members wi ll be listed here. The head of the household will appear first followed by head's spouse, the first son, first son's wife and their children, second son, second son's wife and their children and so on. After the sons are enumerated, the daughters will be l isted followed by other relations, dependents, servants, etc. Serial number of the members will be generated automatically in Column 1. List the names of the household members Serial number Name of the household member 3. 1. 2. 1. 2 While listing the members of the household the following may be considered: All the members of the sample household will be listed and a continuous serial number starting with 01 will be generated automatically. The head of the household will appear first followed by head's spouse, the first son, first son's wife and their children, second son, second son's wife and their children and so on. After the sons are enumerated, the daughters will be listed followed by other relations, dependents, servants, etc. Paying gues ts domestic servants, other relations and non-relations who are normally living together for six months or more or are expected to stay for six months or more and taking food from a common kitchen will be included in members of the selected household. Temp orary stay-aways (i. e., persons whose total period of absence from the household is expected to be less than 6 months) will be included in members of the selected household. Temporary visitors and guests (expected total period of stay in the household less than 6 months) will not be included in members of the selected household. Branching and skipping: After filling up Section 2, fill up Section 3	HCES2022_Vol_I.pdf
Chapter Three Household Consumption Expenditure Survey: 2022-23 Instr uctions to Field Staff, Vol. I, C-14 \| P a g e 3. 1. 3 Section 3: Details of the household members Objectives and Scope To record basic demographics on gender, age, relationship to head of household, marital status, education level, no. of days stayed away from home, no. of meals usually taken by each member of the household listed in Section 2. Implementation Notes All the household members of the selected househ old will be listed and their related information will be recorded. Total number of members listed in Section 3 will be same as household size in Section 2. 3. 1. 3. 1 Columns (1) & (2): serial number & name of the household member 3. 1. 3. 1. 0 Columns (1) & (2) will b e generated automatically from the Section 2 for all the members of the sample household listed there. 3. 1. 3. 2 Column (3): relation to head (code) 3. 1. 3. 2. 0 This is for recording the relationship of the household member with the head of the household. For the he ad of the household, code 1 will be automatically generated. 3. 1. 3. 2. 1 The list of codes for relation to the head of the household is as follows: self (i. e., head of the household) 1 spouse of head 2 married child 3 spouse of married child 4 unmarri ed child 5 grandchild 6 father/ mother/ father-in-law/ mother-in-law 7 brother/ sister/ brother-in-law/sister-in-law/ other relatives 8 servant/employee/other non-relatives 9 3. 1. 3. 3 Column (4): gender 3. 1. 3. 3. 0 The gender of each member of the hou sehold is to be recorded in code as mentioned below: male-1, female-2, transgender (hijras, eunuchs)-3	HCES2022_Vol_I.pdf
Chapter Three Household Consumption Expenditure Survey: 2022-23 Instr uctions to Field Staff, Vol. I, C-15 \| P a g e 3. 1. 3. 4 Column (5): age (years) 3. 1. 3. 4. 0 The age in completed years of all the members listed will be ascertained and recorded in this column in whole nu mber of years. For infants below one year of age, '0' will be entered. 3. 1. 3. 5 Column (6): marital status (code) 3. 1. 3. 5. 0 The marital status of each member will be recorded in this column. Couples living together will be treated as currently married. The codes are: never married 1 currently married 2 widowed 3 divorced/separated 4 3. 1. 3. 6 Column (7): highest level of educational (code) 3. 1. 3. 6. 0 Highest level of education successfully completed by the household member (and not the education level of currently a ttending, if the household member is currently attending education) will be ascertained and recorded in terms of the following codes: Highest level of education Code not literate (i. e., not able to read or write a simple message with understanding in an y language) 01 literate with non-formal education (like, NFEC, AEC, TLC, Anganwadi centres, literate without any schooling, etc. ) 02 literate with formal education below primary 03 primary 04 upper primary/middle 05 secondary 06 higher secondary 07 diploma /certificate course (upto secondary) 08 diploma/certificate course(higher secondary) 10 diploma/certificate course(graduation & above) 11 graduate 12 post graduate and above 13 3. 1. 3. 6. 1 A person is considered as literate if he/she can rea d and write a simple message in any language with understanding. Persons who are not able to read and write a simple message with understanding in at least one language is to be considered not literate and would be assigned code 01. The following table des cribe s how to assign the codes of highest education level:	HCES2022_Vol_I.pdf
Chapter Three Household Consumption Expenditure Survey: 2022-23 Instr uctions to Field Staff, Vol. I, C-16 \| P a g e Code Highest level of education Description 01 Illiterate Persons who are not able to read and write a simple message with understanding in at least one language is to be considered as not literat e 02 Literate with non-formal education or without any schooling, etc. Persons who are literate with non-formal education or without any schooling. Non-formal education includes education with Non-formal Education Courses (NFEC), Total Literacy Campaign (TLC), Adult Education Centres (AEC), etc. 03 Below primary Persons who are literate through formal education but who are yet to pass primary standard examination. 03-08, 10-13 Literate with formal education Persons, who are literate with formal edu cation or attained proficiency in Oriental languages (e. g., Sanskrit, Persian, etc. ) through formal but not through the general type of education will be classified appropriately at the equivalent level of general education standard. 12 Graduation Persons who have obtained degree, which is equivalent to graduation level. 13 Post-graduation & above Persons who have obtained degree, which is equivalent to post graduation level and above It may be noted that for the purpose of this survey, the primary lev el is defined as Class I -V for all the States/UTs uniformly. Branching and skipping: If code is any one of 03-08, 10-13 in Column 7, fill up Column 8, else go to Column 9 3. 1. 3. 7 Column (8): Total year of education completed: 3. 1. 3. 7. 0 This column is for recording the total year of education completed, if codes 03-08, 10-13 are recorded in column (7). Number of year(s) of education completed will be counted from starting of education i. e., when the person was first enrolled for education till the last completed class/course attended by him/her considering the full academic year that the person has attended without considering repetition. If a person did not complete formal education for the full academic year, the fractional part of the academic year will not be counted for recording. However, if a course is of five semesters and the last semester falls in the third academic year, total academic year for the course will be three years. 3. 1. 3. 7. 1 Some guidelines for recording entries in column 8 are given below:	HCES2022_Vol_I.pdf
Chapter Three Household Consumption Expenditure Survey: 2022-23 Instr uctions to Field Staff, Vol. I, C-17 \| P a g e For recording entry in Column 8 (i) For distance education, number of years of education completed (column 8) will be recorded only when the course is completed successfully. The number of years in education for such correspondence course wi ll be the scheduled number of years specified for completion of the course. For graduation, 3 /4 years or exact number of years stipulated for the course (e. g., for MBBS the duration is 5 1/2 years, post-graduation 2 years, etc. ) will be taken into account f or recording total year of education even if actual number of years taken to complete the course was more than the specified number of years of education required (i. e., excluding repetition). (ii) When no specified number of years is known for completion of a course, (for example for Doctorate/CA/CS, etc. ) number of years to complete the course will be added in total year of education completed only when the course is completed successfully and it will be taken as 2 years even if it took more than 2 years to complete the course. Example: A person has completed Class XII. Thereafter, he completed 3 years of graduation course, 2 years of post-graduation course and 8 years for completion of Doctorate. In such case s, entry in column 8 will be (14+3+2+2) = 21 (including 2 years for pre-primary, if attended by a member ) A person has not succeeded in the Class V exam and attempted the same in the next year and passed the exam, in such case, entry in column 8 will be 7 years including 2 years for pre-primary education, if attended by that member. To record entry in column 8, points (i) & (ii) mentioned above may be followed. Branching and skipping: If entry in Column 5>=3, fill up Column 9, else go to Column 10 3. 1. 3. 8 Column (9): Whether used internet from any loc ation during last 30 days 3. 1. 3. 8. 0 If any of the household members of age 3 years and above has used the internet facility through any devices viz., mobile, tablet, PC/laptop or any other devices from any location during the period of last 30 days, then c ode 1 will be recorded in column 9, otherwise code 2 will be reported. It is important to note that the columns (10) to (16) of Section 3 are to be filled-up while canvassing the Questionnaire FDQ-Food items. 3. 1. 3. 9 Column (10): Number of days stayed aw ay from home during last 30 days 3. 1. 3. 9. 0 In this column, the number of days, a household member stayed away from home during the last 30 days preceding the date of enquiry will be recorded in whole number.	HCES2022_Vol_I.pdf
Chapter Three Household Consumption Expenditure Survey: 2022-23 Instr uctions to Field Staff, Vol. I, C-18 \| P a g e 3. 1. 3. 10 Meal: A 'meal' is composed of one or more readily eatable (generally cooked) items of food, the usually major constituent of which is cereals or cereal products. Meals consumed by a person twice or thrice a day provide him/her the required energy (calorie) and other nutrients for living and for pursuing his/her normal avocations. A 'meal', as opposed to 'snacks', ' nashta/tiffin ' or 'high tea', contains larger quantum and variety of food. A full meal may also contain larger quantity of non-cereal food. Sometimes the contents of a ' nashta ' may not be very different from the contents of a 'meal'. The difference in quantity will therefore be the guiding factor for deciding whether the plate is to be labeled as a 'meal' or a ' nashta '. 3. 1. 3. 10. 1 A person rendering domestic service (like cleanin g utensils, dusting and cleaning of rooms, washing linen, carrying water from outside, etc. ) to a number of households during the daytime gets some food from each of the households he/she serves. Although the quantum of food received from a single househol d may, by quantity, be far less than a full meal, the total quantity of food received from all the households taken together would often, if not more, be at least equivalent to a full meal. In this particular situation, the person will be considered to be consuming one meal every day under 'meal taken away from home'. 3. 1. 3. 10. 2 Subject to the guidelines given in the two preceding paragraphs, for the purpose of data collection on 'number of meals consumed' one has to depend on the judgment of the informant because, the informant would reckon the number on the basis of his/her own understanding of the concept of a meal/ khana. 3. 1. 3. 11 Column (11): number of meals usually taken in a day 3. 1. 3. 11. 0 The number of meals consumed by a person in a day is usually reported as 2 or 3. For a person who takes food only once in a day, the entry will be 1. One may also come across a person who takes food more than three times a day. For such persons, however, only 3 should be entered. That is, in this column, the reco rded number of meals taken in a day, even if it is reported to be higher, should not exceed 3. In addition, for infants of age '0' as well as for children who subsist on milk only, '0' may be recorded against this item. To have a clear idea of what consti tutes a meal, p aragraphs 3. 1. 3. 10 to 3. 1. 3. 10. 2 above should be read carefully. 3. 1. 3. 12 Columns (12), (13), (14), (15) and (16): number of meals taken during last 30 days 3. 1. 3. 12. 0 Depending on the place from where food is served or prepared entries a re to be made in the columns (12) to (16) irrespective of the fact that where the food is consumed. 3. 1. 3. 1 2. 1 Columns (12), (13) and (14) pertain to meals taken away from home without payment. Number of meals taken outside home on payment and at home du ring last 30 days preceding the date of survey, for each member of the household will be recorded against columns (15) and (16) respectively.	HCES2022_Vol_I.pdf
Chapter Three Household Consumption Expenditure Survey: 2022-23 Instr uctions to Field Staff, Vol. I, C-19 \| P a g e There are schools/ balwadis, etc., which provide standard food to all o r some students as mid-day meal free or at subsidiz ed rate. Such meals are to be considered as meals taken away from home. If such food is received free it will be recorded in column (12). Meals received at subsidi zed rate will be recorded in column (15). There are institutions which provide cante en facilities to their students. Students can purchase food of their choice and to their requirements from these canteens on payment. In such cases also entry will be made in column (15). 3. 1. 3. 1 2. 2 Sometimes meals are provided by the employer. These may be as perquisites or as part of wages in kind. These meals are generally consumed at the place of work and are to be considered as meals taken away from home. It may not be rare that meals provided by the employer are brought home by the employees and cons umed there. Such meals are also to be considered as meals taken away from home. In column (13), the number of such meals received and consumed during the reference period by an individual member will be recorded. Similarly, meals consumed as guests in ot her households, will also be taken into account while making entries in column (14). For the purpose of making entry in column (15), 'meals received on payment' will mean that the informant has to incur some expense or part with a certain portion of his salary/wage for getting the meals. Payment of meals through home-delivery or purchased through online may also be considered as 'on payment' and accordingly entry is to be made in column (15). Meals purchased from hotel, restaurant or eating-house will be considered as 'meals taken away from home on payment' and will have to be counted also for making entry in column (15). Hostel students receiving meals from the hostel mess against meal charges will also be considered as taking meals away from home on pay ment. Meals taken away from home during the days of absence from the household should also be accounted in making entries in these columns. Such meals are to be accounted under either of the columns (12) to (14) or (15). 3. 1. 3. 12. 3 In column (16), the nu mber of meals taken at home by each member of the household during the period of 30 days preceding the date of survey will be recorded. A meal will be considered to be taken at home if the meal is prepared at home irrespective of the place where it is cons umed. It is important to note that the entries are to be made in columns (12) to (16), depending on the place where food is served or prepared irrespective of where it is consumed.	HCES2022_Vol_I.pdf
Chapter Three Household Consumption Expenditure Survey: 2022-23 Instr uctions to Field Staff, Vol. I, C-20 \| P a g e 3. 1. 4 Section 4: Household Characteristics Objectives and Scope To re cord household characteristics of the selected household Implementation Notes To be canvassed for all the selected households. In this section household 's principal occupation and principal industry will be ascertained from the answers to the questions Q4. 1 to Q4. 5 and household type will be ascertained from the answers to the questions Q4. 6 to Q4. 9. The concepts regarding household 's principal industry, household 's principal occupation and household type, economic activities are given in Chapter One. 3. 1. 4. 1 Q4. 1 Whether any household member (excluding those employed by the household and paying guests) was engaged in economic activities during last 365 days? 3. 1. 4. 1. 0 If any member of the household (excluding those employed by the household member an d paying guests) were engaged in economic activities during the last 365 days, then code 1 will be recorded in Q4. 1, otherwise code 2 will be recorded. Branching and skipping: If code is 1 in Q4. 1 fill up Q4. 2 to Q4. 6 else go to Q4. 11 3. 1. 4. 2 Q4. 2: Write the description of the occupation of the economic activity of the household members which fetched the maximum earnings to the household during the last 365 days preceding the date of survey? 3. 1. 4. 2. 0 In the text box, the description of the occupation of the economic activity of the household members which fetched maximum earnings to the household during last 365 days will be recorded, which will be the household 's principal occupation. As in case of household's principal industry, the description of the principal occupation, too, should be recorded in as specific terms as possible based on the description given by the informant. In other words, the occupation description should not be copied from the NCO booklet if the informant's description gives a clea rer idea of the principal occupation pursued by the household.	HCES2022_Vol_I.pdf
Chapter Three Household Consumption Expenditure Survey: 2022-23 Instr uctions to Field Staff, Vol. I, C-21 \| P a g e 3. 1. 4. 3 Q4. 3 Record the 3-digit code of the occupation (as per National Classi fication of Occupation (NCO 2015 )) recorded in Q4. 2. 3. 1. 4. 3. 0 From the drop-down list, the 3-digit code of the occupation which fetched maximum earning to the household during last 365 days preceding the date of survey will be selected. 3. 1. 4. 4 Q4. 4: Write the description of the industry of activity corresponding to the occupation recorded in Q4. 2, which fetched the maximum earnings to the household during the last 365 days preceding the date of survey. 3. 1. 4. 4. 0 The description of the household's principal industry will be recorded in the space provided. 3. 1. 4. 4. 1 The description of the principal industry shoul d be recorded in as specific terms as possible based on the description given by the informant. In other words, the industry description should not be copied from the NIC booklet if the informant's description gives a clearer idea of the industrial activit y which determines the principal industry of the household. 3. 1. 4. 5 Q4. 5: Record the 5-digit code of the National Industrial Classification (NIC-2008) for the Industry of activity recorded in Q4. 4 3. 1. 4. 5. 0 From the drop-down list, the 5-digit code of th e National Industrial Classification (NIC 2008) corresponding to the industry recorded in Q4. 4 will be selected. 3. 1. 4. 6 Q4. 6: From which of the following broad activities maximum income was derived by the household during last 365 days preceding the date of survey? 3. 1. 4. 6. 0 Select the activity of the household members from which maximum income was derived by the household during last 365 days preceding the date of survey. The code list is given below: self-employment 1 regular wage/salary earning 2 casual labour 3 Branching and skipping: For rural samples, o if 1 in Q4. 6, go to Q4. 7 o if 2 in Q4. 6, go to Q4. 8 o if 3 in Q4. 6, go to Q4. 9	HCES2022_Vol_I.pdf
Chapter Three Household Consumption Expenditure Survey: 2022-23 Instr uctions to Field Staff, Vol. I, C-22 \| P a g e 3. 1. 4. 7 Q4. 7: Whether the major income from self-employment was from agricultural sector or non-agricultural sector? 3. 1. 4. 7. 0 This question will be asked to the households from rural sample whose major income was from self-employment activity. If major income of the self-employment activity was from agricultural sector code 1 will be selected, else code 2 will be selecte d. Codes applicable for Q 4. 7 self-employment in agriculture 1 self-employment in non-agriculture 2 3. 1. 4. 8 Q4. 8: Whether the major income from regular wage/ salary earning was from agricultural sector or non-agricultural sector? 3. 1. 4. 8. 0 This questio n will be asked to the household from rural sample whose major income was from regular wage/ salary earning. If major income of regular wage/ salary earning was from agricultural sector code 3 will be selected, else code 4 will be selected. Codes applicab le for Q 4. 8 regular wage/salary earning in agriculture 3 regular wage/salary earning in non-agriculture 4 3. 1. 4. 9 Q4. 9: Whether the major income from casual labour was from agricultural sector or non-agricultural sector? 3. 1. 4. 9. 0 This question will b e asked to the household from rural sample whose major income was from casual labour. If major income of casual labour was from agricultural sector code 5 will be selected, else code 6 will be selected. casual labour in agriculture 5 casual labour in no n-agriculture 6 3. 1. 4. 10 Q4. 10: Household type 3. 1. 4. 10. 0 Household type will be automatically generated from the entries in Questions Q4. 1 to Q4. 9 as follows:	HCES2022_Vol_I.pdf
Chapter Three Household Consumption Expenditure Survey: 2022-23 Instr uctions to Field Staff, Vol. I, C-23 \| P a g e For rural samples: Household type will be code 9 if code 2 is selected in Q4. 1 else househo ld type will be the code corresponding the entry in Q4. 7/Q4. 8/Q4. 9 as the case maybe For urban samples: Household type will be code 9 if code 2 is selected in Q4. 1 else household type will be the code corresponding the entry in Q4. 6 3. 1. 4. 11 Q4. 11: What is the religion of the head of the household? 3. 1. 4. 11. 0 Religion of the head of the household will be recorded here. The codes are: Hinduism 1 Islam 2 Christianity 3 Sikhism 4 Jainism 5 Buddhism 6 Zoroastrianism 7 Others 9 Not reported 0 3. 1. 4. 11. 1 If the informant does not provid e the information on religion of the head of household, code '0' (zero) may be reported in Q4. 11. 3. 1. 4. 12 Q4. 12: What is the social group of the head of the household? 3. 1. 4. 12. 0 Social group of the head of the hous ehold will be recorded here. The codes are: Schedule Tribe (ST) 1 Schedule Caste (SC) 2 Other Backward Class (OBC) 3 Others 9 Not reported 0 3. 1. 4. 12. 1 Those who do not come under any one of the first three social groups will be assigned code 9, me ant to cover all other categories.	HCES2022_Vol_I.pdf
Chapter Three Household Consumption Expenditure Survey: 2022-23 Instr uctions to Field Staff, Vol. I, C-24 \| P a g e 3. 1. 4. 12. 2 If the informant does not provid e the information on social group of the head of household, code '0' (zero) may be re corded in Q4. 12. 3. 1. 4. 13 Q4. 13 Does the household own (owned & possessed or leased out) a ny land (within the country) as on the date of survey? 3. 1. 4. 13. 0 In this question, it is to be ascertained whether the household owns any land as on the date of survey or not. There will be many situations when the land possessed by the household is owned by the head of the family, who stays in a different town or village and therefore is not a member of the household. In such cases the land should be regarded as not owned but leased in by the household. But it is very likely that the household in such cas es will tend to report the land as 'owned'. Before any entry is made in Q4. 13 (whether owns any land) proper probing is necessary to ascertain whether all the land reported as owned by the household is actually owned by the household members. 3. 1. 4. 13. 1 Here, all the lands of the household within the country, irrespective of its use (agriculture/non-agriculture), which are either 'owned and possessed' or 'leased-out' by any member of the household as on date of survey will be considered. For definition of 'owned & possessed' and 'leased-out' land, please see the Chapter-1, Concepts & Definitions. 3. 1. 4. 13. 2 Code 1 is to be reported if the household owns any land as on the date of survey within the country, otherwise code 2 is to be reported. In case of hou sehold living in a flat, the area of land of that household will be in proportion to the number of households residing in the entire structure including the common area. Branching & Skipping: If code 1 in Q4. 13, go to Q4. 14 & Q4. 15, else go to Q4. 16 3. 1. 4. 14 Q4. 14 What is the type of land the household owned? 3. 1. 4. 14. 0 This question will be asked to the household, if the household owns any land as on the of survey, i. e., if code 1 is recorded against Q4. 13. Codes for Q4. 14 are: Homestead only 1 Home stead and other land 2 Other land only 3	HCES2022_Vol_I.pdf
Chapter Three Household Consumption Expenditure Survey: 2022-23 Instr uctions to Field Staff, Vol. I, C-25 \| P a g e 3. 1. 4. 14. 1 If the household owns only homestead and no other land, the appropriate code will be 1. But if the house hold owns some other piece of land along with homestead land, code 2 will be entered against this item. Code 3 will be appli cable when a household owns a piece of land but not the homestead land. 3. 1. 4. 15 Q4. 15 What is the total area of all land owned (owned and possessed or leased out) by the household as on date of survey withi n the country (area in acre)? 3. 1. 4. 15. 0 If the household report to have some land owned and possessed or leased out as on date of survey within the country, i. e., code 1 is reported in Q4. 13, the total area of all land owned by the household as on date o f survey will be recorded in Q4. 15. This area is to be reported in acre (0. 00) and in two places of decimal. 3. 1. 4. 16 Q4. 16 Does the household have a dwelling unit (i. e., unit of accommodation availed of by the household for residential purpose) at prese nt place of enumeration? 3. 1. 4. 16. 0 In this question, each of the sample household will be asked whether the household hasany unit of accommodation for residential purpose at present place of enumeration (i. e., village/town/country where the household is staying or inten ds to stay continuously for 6 months or more). This include s owned, rented or otherwise occupied house/flat. The dwelling unit may be an entire structure or may be only a part of a structure. 3. 1. 4. 16. 1 If the household reports to stay mor e or less regularly under staircase, in tents, in pipes, under bridges, in purely temporary flimsy improvisations built by the roadside (which are liable to be removed at any moment), code 2 is to be re corde d, otherwise, code 1 is to be recorde d. Branching & Skipping: If code 1 in Q4. 16, go to Q4. 17 to Q4. 20, else go to Q4. 21 Homestead land Homestead land of a household is defined as the dwelling house of the household together with the courtyard, compo und, garden, out-house, place of worship, family graveyard, guest house, shop, workshop and offices for running household enterprises, tanks, wells, latrines, drains and boundary walls annexed to the dwelling house. All land coming under homestead is defi ned as homestead land. Homestead land may constitute only a part of a plot. Sometimes, gardens, orchards or plantations, though adjacent to the homestead and lying within the boundary walls, may be located on a clearly distinct piece of land. In such cas es, land under garden, orchard or plantation will not be considered as homestead land.	HCES2022_Vol_I.pdf
Chapter Three Household Consumption Expenditure Survey: 2022-23 Instr uctions to Field Staff, Vol. I, C-26 \| P a g e 3. 1. 4. 17 Q4. 17 What is the type of dwelling unit of the household? 3. 1. 4. 17. 0 If the household report s to have a dwelling unit (i. e., unit of accommodation availed of by the household for residential purpose) at present place of enumeration, i. e., code 1 is reported in Q4. 16, then the type of dwelling unit will be ascertained here. The codes for this question are as follows: Owned 1 Hired 2 Others 3 3. 1. 4. 17. 1 If the occupant owns the dwelling unit, code 1 will be recorded against Q4. 17. If it is taken on rent, code 2 will be entered and if it is occupied otherwise, code 3 will apply. If accommodation is provided by the employer, it will be treated as hired (code 2). Thus, governm ent servants living in government quarters will get code 2. 3. 1. 4. 17. 2 It may be noted that a dwelling unit constructed on a plot of land which is taken under long-term lease, usually 30 years or more, will be considered as being held in owner-like posses sion. Similarly, a dwelling unit itself possessed by a household under a lo ng-term lease may be treated as owner-like possession and code 1 will be applicable in such cases also. 3. 1. 4. 18 Q4. 18 What is the basic building material used for construction of the major portion of the wall of the dwelling unit of the household? 3. 1. 4. 18. 0 If the household report to have a dwelling unit (i. e., unit of accommodation availed of by the household for residential purpose) at present place of enumeration, i. e., code 1 is reported in Q4. 16, then the basic material used for construction of the major portion of the wall of the dwelling unit will be ascertained here. The codes for this question are as follows: grass/ straw/ leaves/ reeds/ bamboo, etc. 1 mud (with / without bamboo) /unburnt brick 2 canvas / cloth 3 other katcha 4 Timber 5 burnt brick /stone/ lime stone 6 iron or other metal sheet 7 cement / RBC / RCC 8 other pucca 9	HCES2022_Vol_I.pdf
Chapter Three Household Consumption Expenditure Survey: 2022-23 Instr uctions to Field Staff, Vol. I, C-27 \| P a g e 3. 1. 4. 19 Q4. 19 What is the basic building material used for construction of the major portion of the outer exposed part of the roof of the dwelling unit of the household? 3. 1. 4. 19. 0 If the household report to have a dwelling unit (i. e., unit of accommodation availed of by the household for residential purpose) at present place o f enumeration, i. e., code 1 is reported in Q4. 16, then the basic material used for construction of the major portion of the outer exposed part of the roof of the dwelling unit will be ascertained here. The codes for this question are as follows: grass/ s traw/ leaves/ reeds/ bamboo, etc. 1 mud (with /without bamboo) /unburnt brick 2 canvas / cloth 3 other katcha 4 Timber 5 burnt brick /stone/ lime stone 6 iron or other metal sheet 7 cement / RBC / RCC 8 other pucca 9 3. 1. 4. 20 Q4. 20 What is the ba sic building material used for construction of the major portion of the floor of the dwelling unit of the household? 3. 1. 4. 20. 0 If the household report to have a dwelling unit (i. e., unit of accommodation availed of by the household for residential purpo se) at present place of enumeration, i. e., code 1 is reported in Q4. 16, then the basic material used for construction of the major portion of the floor of the dwelling unit will be recorded here. The codes for this question are as follows: grass/ straw/ leaves/ reeds/ bamboo, etc. 1 mud (with /without bamboo) /unburnt brick 2 canvas 3 other katcha 4 timber 5 burnt brick /stone/ lime stone 6 iron or other metal sheet 7 cement / RBC / RCC 8 other pucca 9 3. 1. 4. 21 Q4. 21 What is the primary source of energy used by the household for cooking? 3. 1. 4. 21. 0 Information on primary source of energy generally used by the household for cooking purpose during the last 30 days preceding the date of survey will be recorded in this question using the following codes:	HCES2022_Vol_I.pdf
Chapter Three Household Consumption Expenditure Survey: 2022-23 Instr uctions to Field Staff, Vol. I, C-28 \| P a g e Firewood and chips 01 Other biogas 08 LPG 02 Charcoal 10 Other natural gas 03 Electricity (incl. generated by solar or wind power generators) 11 dung cake 04 Kerosene 05 Coke,coal 06 Others 09 Gobar gas 07 No cooking arrangement 12 3. 1. 4. 21. 1 If more than one type of energy is used, the primary or principal one on the basis of its extent of use will have to be identified and the corresponding code will be recorded in Q4. 21. Note that a hostel student taking meals in the hostel mess wi ll be considered as having no cooking arrangement. 3. 1. 4. 22 Q4. 22 What is the primary source of energy used by the household for lighting? 3. 1. 4. 22. 0 Information on primary source of energy generally used by the household for lighting purpose during the last 30 days preceding the date of survey will be recorded in this question using the following codes: Electricity (incl. generated by solar or wind power generators) 1 Kerosene 2 Other oil 3 Gas 4 Candle 5 No lighting arrangement 6 Others 9 3. 1. 4. 22. 1 If more than one type of energy is used for lighting, the primary or principal one on the basis of its extent of use will have to be identified and the corresponding code will be recorded in Q4. 22. 3. 1. 4. 23 Q4. 23 What is the source of drinking wat er from which most of the drinking water isobtained by the household during last 365 days? 3. 1. 4. 23. 0 Information on the source of drinking water from which most of the drinking water is obtained by the household during the last 365 days will be recorded in this question using the following codes:	HCES2022_Vol_I.pdf
Chapter Three Household Consumption Expenditure Survey: 2022-23 Instr uctions to Field Staff, Vol. I, C-29 \| P a g e Bottled water 01 Piped water into dwelling 02 Piped water to yard/plot 03 Piped water from neighbour 04 Public tap/standpipe 05 Tube well 06 Hand pump 07 Well: protected 08 Well: unprotected 09 Tanke r-truck: public 10 Tanker-truck: private 11 Spring: protected 12 Spring: unprotected 13 Rainwater collection 14 Surface water: tank/pond 15 Other surface water (river, dam, stream, canal, lake, etc. ) 16 Others (cart with small tank or drum, etc. ) 19 3. 1. 4. 23. 1 Descriptions of the different sources of drinking water are given below: i) Bottled drinking water : Drinking water packaged in bottles, jars, pouches and similar containers will be classified as bottled drinking water. Generally, this packag ed drinking water meets certain safety standards and are considered safe for drinking. Tap water, well water, etc. kept by households in bottles, for convenience, will not be treated as bottled drinking water. ii) Piped water into dwelling and piped water to yard/plot : If an arrangement is made by corporation, municipality, panchayat or other local authorities or any private or public housing state or agency to supply water through pipe and if the sample household is availing such facility or drinking, the n such sources of drinking water is considered as piped water. Piped water into dwelling is defined as a piped water connection to one or more taps to the dwelling unit (e. g., in the kitchen). Piped water to yard/plot is defined as a piped water connection to a tap placed outside the dwelling unit of the household but in the yard or plot within the household premises. iii) Piped water from neighbour : If an arrangement is made by the sample household to avail drinking water from the piped water of the neigh bour household supplied by corporation/municipality/panchayat or other local authorities or any private or public housing estate or agency, then the source of drinking water for the sample household will be considered as 'piped water from neighbour'. If th e sample household collects drinking water from more than one neighbour using the same arrangement as explained above, then also the source will be piped water from neighbour.	HCES2022_Vol_I.pdf
Chapter Three Household Consumption Expenditure Survey: 2022-23 Instr uctions to Field Staff, Vol. I, C-30 \| P a g e iv) Public tap/stand pipe: Public tap or stand pipe is a water point for commun ity use in which water is supplied through pipe by corporation/municipality/panchayat or other local authorities or any private agency. Public tap/stand pipe can have one or more taps and are typically made of brick work, masonry or concrete. v) Tube well and Hand pump: Tube well and hand pump are bore well used for extracting ground water for drinking purpose. For constructing a bore well, a deep vertical hole is bored or drilled and a long casing or pipe is sunk deep into the underground with the purpose of reaching ground water supplies and ground water is lifted through a pump, which may be powered by human, animal, wind, electric, diesel or solar means. The casing or pipes prevent the small diameter hole from caving in and protect the water source from infiltration by run-off water. Bore wells are usually protected by a platform around it, which leads spilled water away from the tube well. If the pump of the bore well is operated by animal, wind, electric, diesel or solar means, etc., it is known as tub e well and if the pump is operated manually by hand using human power and mechanical advantage to lift ground water, it is known as hand pump. vi) Protected well/unprotected well: A well is considered as protected if it has generally the following protect ive measures to lower the risk of contamination: a. A headwall around the well with a properly fitting cover b. A concrete drainage platform around the well with a drainage channel c. A hand pump or bucket with windlass If instead of hand pump or bucket wi th windlass, electric pump is used to pump water from such wells, where the conditions (a) and (b) exist, it will be considered as protected well. A well which is not protected by the above measures, e. g., the well is not protected from runoff water or the well is not protected from bird droppings and animals, it will be classified as unprotected well. vii) Tanker-truck:public/private: In 'tanker-truck', drinking water is trucked to a locality and supplied from tanker to the households of the locality. If the 'tanker-truck' is operated by any government agencies (central/state/local bodies etc. ) and the sample household reports that it is their principal source of drinking water then the source of drinking water of the household will be recorded as 'public tanker-truck'. In case the 'tanker-truck' is operated by private agencies (NGOs, trusts etc. ) and the sample household reports that it is their principal source of drinking water, then the source of drinking water of the household will be recorded as 'pri vate tankertruck'. It is to be noted that in both the cases, sample household may have to pay the price for the water. Therefore, price should not be made as a criterion to determine whether the source is public or private. Instead, deep probing needs to b e made to ascertain the type of agency who supplies the water from the 'tanker-truck'. viii) Protected spring/unprotected spring : A spring is considered as protected, if it is protected from runoff, bird droppings and animals by a 'spring box ', which is c onstructed of brick, masonry or concrete and is built around the spring so that water flows directly out of	HCES2022_Vol_I.pdf
Chapter Three Household Consumption Expenditure Survey: 2022-23 Instr uctions to Field Staff, Vol. I, C-31 \| P a g e the box into a pipe or cistern, without being exposed to outside pollution. A spring which is not protected is called unprotected spring. ix) Rainw ater collection: Rainwater refers to rain that is collected or harvested from surfaces (by roof or ground catchment) and stored in a container, tank or cistern until used. Traditionally, rainwater collection has been practised in arid and semi-arid areas t o get drinking water of the household and water for other uses. When such water is used for drinking purpose, the source of drinking water will be rainwater collection. x) Surface water: Surface water is water located above ground and includes rivers, dam s, lakes, ponds, streams, canals and irrigation channels. For surface water, two distinct codes have been provided, one for ' tank/pond ' and another for 'other surface water (river, dam, stream, canal, lake, etc. )'. xi) Others (cart with small tank or drum, etc. ) : In 'cart with small tank or drum', water is supplied in small tank or drum to a locality by donkey carts, motorized vehicles and other means. 3. 1. 4. 23. 2 It is important to note that source of drinking water of same type located at two different places will not be treated as two different sources of drinking water. It may also be noted that drinking water carried through pipe from sources like tanker-truck, well, tank, river, etc. by the owner/occupants only for convenience of the household will no t be treated as piped water (i. e., piped water into dwelling or piped water to yard/plot). Instead, such a source will get the code appropriate to the actual source from which water is carried through pipe. When a household makes arrangement for getting dr inking water by hiring the services of persons, the source of water will be the one from which water is collected by the hired person. 3. 1. 4. 24 Q4. 24 What is the time taken by the household for a single trip to reach the source (from which most of the dri nking water is fetched), obtain water and back to household? 3. 1. 4. 24. 0 In this question, time usually taken in a single trip for fetching drinking water of the household from the source (from which most of the drinking water is fetched) will be recorded in whole number and in minutes. The time usually taken for fetching drinking water in a single trip will be obtained by considering the total time usually required for reaching to that source of drinking water, waiting time at that source of drinking water (i. e., time spent in queue and the time required for filling the container) and coming back to the dwelling unit with water in a single occasion. In determining the time taken for a single trip, time spent in socialising, gossiping, shopping, free collect ion of vegetables, etc., will be excluded.	HCES2022_Vol_I.pdf
Chapter Three Household Consumption Expenditure Survey: 2022-23 Instr uctions to Field Staff, Vol. I, C-32 \| P a g e 3. 1. 4. 25 Q4. 25 What is the type of access of the household to latrine? 3. 1. 4. 25. 0 For the purpose of the survey, a 'latrine' is defined as an infrastructure which allows s afer and more hygienic disposal of hu man excreta than open defecation. In this survey, 'access of the household to latrine' is defined in terms of the latrine facility that can be used by the majority of the household members, irrespective of whether it is being used by them or not. For recor ding information in this question, it will first be ascertained whether the household has access to any latrine or not. If the household has access to latrine (i. e., there is latrine facility that can be used by majority of the household members), then it is to be ascertained whether household' s access to latrine is for 'exclusive use of the household' or for 'common use of households in the building' or for 'public/community use with/without payment' or ' others '. The relevant information will be recorded i n this question in terms of the following codes: Exclusive use of household 1 Common use of households in the building 2 Public/community latrine without payment 3 Public/community latrine with payment 4 Others 9 No access to latrine 5 3. 1. 4. 25. 1 I f the household has access to latrine, one of the codes 1 to 4 and 9 will be recorded in this question depending upon the type of access of the household to latrine. If the latrine facility is for the exclusive use of the household, code 1 will be recorded. If the latrine facility is shared by the household with one or more households in the building, code 2 will be recorded. If the household can use a latrine facility which is for use of the households in the locality or for a specific section of the peopl e, it will be considered that the household has access to public/community latrine. If public/community latrine can be used without making any payment, code 3 will be recorded and code 4 will be recorded if payment is required to use the public/community l atrine. If the household has access to latrine for which any of the codes 1 to 4 is not applicable, code 9 will be recorded. For example, when the households of two separate buildings use the same latrine, then code 9 will be recorded. If the household does not have access to any latrine, code 5 will be recorded. If more than one code is applicable for a household, the code appearing first in the code list will be reported. Branching & Skipping: If any one of code 1 to 4 or 9 in Q4. 25, go to Q4. 26, else go to Q4. 2 9 3. 1. 4. 26 Q4. 26 What is the type of latrine in which the household has access? 3. 1. 4. 26. 0 This question will be filled in for the households which have access to latrine, i. e., entry is any one of 1 to 4 and 9 in Q4. 25. For the households which have access to latrine,	HCES2022_Vol_I.pdf
Chapter Three Household Consumption Expenditure Survey: 2022-23 Instr uctions to Field Staff, Vol. I, C-33 \| P a g e information on type of latrine in which the household has access w ill be recorded in terms ofthe following codes: Flush/pour-flush to: piped sewer system 01 Flush/pour-flush to: septic tank 02 Flush/pour-flush to: twin leach pit 03 Flush/pour-flush to: single leach pit 04 Flush/pour-flush to: elsewhere (open drain, open pit, open field, etc. ) 05 Ventilated improved pit latrine 06 Pit latrine with slab 07 Pit latrine without slab/open pit 08 Composting latrine 10 Open drain/ nallah 11 Others 19 3. 1. 4. 26. 1 If majority of the sample household members has access to latrine, it will be considered that the sample household has access to latrine. If sample household has access to latrine, any of the codes 01 to 11 and 19 will be recorded in this question depending on the type of latrine which the sample household has access. If the sample household has more than one type of latrine, the type of latrine which is generally accessed by the majority of the household members will be re ported here. If more than one code is applicable for a household, the code appearing first in the code list will be reported here. Different types of latrines are described in the following paragraphs. 3. 1. 4. 26. 2 There are two basic types of latrines, wet and dry, differentiated depending on use of water to divert human excreta. In a wet latrine water is used to divert human excreta while dry latrines use very limited water or no water for flushing the human excreta. Besides these two basic types of latrin es, there are latrines like, incinerating latrines which burn the human excreta; chemical latrines which are used in a variety of situations like in passenger trains and airplanes; hanging latrines, which deposit waste directly into open water ways; bucket latrine, in which human excreta are collected in a bucket placed underneath a latrine hole. 3. 1. 4. 26. 3 In the code structure of 'type of latrine in which the household has access', the different types of wet latrines are: (i) flush/pour-flush to piped se wer system, (ii) flush/pour-flush to septic tank, (iii) flush/pour-flush to twin leach pit, (iv) flush/pour-flush to single leach pit and (v) flush/pour-flush to elsewhere. The different types of dry latrines are: (i) ventilated improved pit latrine, (ii) pit latrine with slab, (iii) pit latrine without slab/open pit and (iv) composting toilet. The different types of latrines included under the category 'other' are: incinerating latrines, chemical latrines, hanging latrines, bucket latrine, etc. 3. 1. 4. 26. 4 Descriptions of the different types of latrines are given below:	HCES2022_Vol_I.pdf
Chapter Three Household Consumption Expenditure Survey: 2022-23 Instr uctions to Field Staff, Vol. I, C-34 \| P a g e i) Flush/pour-flush : Flush latrine uses a cistern or holding tank for flushing water, and a water seal (which is a U-shaped pipe below the seat or squatting pan) that prevents the passage o f flies and odours. A pour-flush latrine uses a water seal, but unlike a flush latrine, it uses water poured by hand for flushing (no cistern is used). Depending on the system/site where human excreta and waste water are disposed off, flush/pour-flush latrine can be of the following types: (i) piped sewer system, (ii) septic tank, (iii) twin leach pit, (iv) single pit, (v) elsewhere (open drain, open pit, open field, etc. ). ii) Piped sewer system : Piped sewer system is a system of sewer pipes, also called sewerage that is designed to collect human excreta and waste water and remove them from the household environment. If the sample household has access to flush/pour-flush latrine which is connected to piped sewer system, code 01 will be recorded. iii) Sept ic tank : If the sample household has access to flush/pour-flush latrine which is connected to septic tank, code 02 will be recorded. iv) Flush/pour-flush to twin leach pits/single leach pit: In twin pit flush/pour-flush latrine, the excreta are carried in to sub surface leach pits through pipes or covered drains and one pit is used at a time. The liquid infiltrates into the soil through the holes in the pit lining. The gases also disperse into the soil, and therefore, the provision of a vent pipe for its outlet is not necessary. When one pit is full, the excreta are diverted to the second pit. The filled pit can be conveniently emptied after a rest period of one and a half years, during which pathogens are inactivated and the organic matter decomposed. Thus, the two pits can be used alternat ively and continuously. If the sample household has access to flush/pour-flush latrine which is connected t o twin leach pit, code 03 will be recorded. In a single leach pit system desludging is required immediately after the pit has filled up, and therefore involves handling of fresh and undigested excreta which is hazardous to health. Single leach pits are appropriate only if a mechanical desludging vacuum tanker is readily available, or if the pit is abandoned when full. If the sample household has access to flush/pour-flush latrine which is connected to leach code 04 will be recorded. v) Flush/pour-flush to elsewhere (open drain, open pit, open field, etc. ): This type of latrine flush/pour-flush open drain, open pit, o pen field, etc. If the sample household has access to this type of latrine, code 05 will be recorded. vi) Ventilated improved pit latrine : This is a dry pit latrine ventilated by a pipe that extends above the latrine roof. The open end of the vent pipe is covered with gauzemesh or fly proof netting and the inside of the super structure is kept dark. If the sample household has access to ventilated improved pit latrine, code 06 will be recorded. vii) Pit latrine with slab: This is a dry pit latrine that us es a hole in the ground to collect the excreta and a squatting slab or platform that is firmly supported on all sides, easy to clean and raised above the surrounding ground level to prevent surface water from entering the pit. The	HCES2022_Vol_I.pdf
Chapter Three Household Consumption Expenditure Survey: 2022-23 Instr uctions to Field Staff, Vol. I, C-35 \| P a g e platform has a squatting hole or is fitted with a seat. Unlike the ventilated improved pit latrine, in this type of latrine, vent pipe is not used. If the sample household has access to pit latrine with slab, code 07 will be recorded. viii) Pit latrine without slab/open pit : Pit latrine without slab uses a hole in the ground for excreta collection and does not have a squatting slab, platform or seat. If the sample household has access to such latrine, code 08 will be recorded. ix) Composting latrine: This is a dry latrine into wh ich carbon-rich material (vegetable wastes, straw, grass, sawdust, ash) are added to the excreta and special conditions maintained to produce in offensive compost. If the sample household has access to composting latrine, code 10 will be recorded. x) Open drain/nallah: If the sample household has access to a latrine which actually is an open drain or nallah, then code 11 will be recorded. xi) Others: If the sample household uses a latrine which is not coveredin the codes 01 to 08 and 10 to 11, code 19 wil l be recorded here. Examples of such latrines are (i) hanging l atrine which is built over the sea, a river, or other body of water, into which excreta drops directly, (ii) service latrine which are serviced by scavengers. 3. 1. 4. 2 7 Q4. 29 What is the type o f ration card possessed by the household as on the date of survey? 3. 1. 4. 2 7. 0 It is to be ascertained whether any kind of ration card has been issued to the household by the Government. The codes for the type of ration card are as follows: Antyodaya An na Yojana 1 Below Poverty Line (BPL) 2 Above Poverty Line (APL) 3 Priority House Holds (PHH) 4 State Food Security Scheme (SFSS) 5 Others 9 No ration card 0 3. 1. 4. 2 7. 1 If the sample household possesses any ration card issued by Government as on the date of survey, then any of the codes 1 to 5 or 9 are to be recorded in Q4. 29, otherwise code '0' (zero) may be recorded.	HCES2022_Vol_I.pdf

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