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20460173 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sayf%20al-Din%20Ghazi%20II | Sayf al-Din Ghazi II | Sayf al-Din Ghazi (II) ibn Mawdud (; full name: Sayf al-Din Ghazi II ibn Mawdud ibn Zengi; died 1180) was a Zangid Emir of Mosul, the nephew of Nur ad-Din Zengi.
He became Emir of Mosul in 1170 after the death of his father Qutb ad-Din Mawdud. Saif had been chosen as the successor under the advice of eunuch ’Abd al-Masish, who wanted to keep the effective rule in lieu of the young emir; the disinherited son of Mawdud, Imad ad-Din Zengi II, fled to Aleppo at the court of Nur ad-Din. The latter, who was waiting for an excuse to annex Mosul, conquered Sinjar in September 1170 and besieged Mosul, which surrendered on 22 January 1171. After ousting al-Masish, he put Gümüshtekin, one of his officers, as governor, leaving Saif ud-Din nothing but the nominal title of emir. The latter also married the daughter of Nur ad-Din.
At Nur ad-Din's death (May 1174), Gümüshtekin went to Damascus to take control of his son and entitled himself of atabeg of Aleppo. Saif ud-Din rejected his tutorage and restored his independence. The nobles of Damascus, worried by Gümüshtekin's increasing power, offered Saif ud-Din their city, but he could not intervene since he was busy in retaking Mosul. Thenceforth Damascus was given to Saladin.
Saladin took control of Biladu-Sham (Syria) but Saif ud-Din wanted to take over Aleppo, so he sent his brother Izz ad-Din Mas'ud at the head of an army to fight Saladin: they met in an area near Hama called Kron Hama (Arabic: قرون حماه) where Saif ud-Din was defeated. Later he prepared for another battle at Tell al-Sultan (Arabic: تل سلطان) near Aleppo, where he was also defeated; he went back to Mosul and sent messengers to Saladin offering his alliance, which was accepted.
Saif ud-Din died from tuberculosis, and his brother Izz ad-Din Mas'ud succeeded him in 1180.
References
Sources
1180 deaths
Zengid emirs of Mosul
Muslims of the Crusades
12th-century deaths from tuberculosis
Year of birth unknown
12th-century monarchs in the Middle East
Tuberculosis deaths in Iraq |
20460199 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lower%20Bhavani%20Project%20Canal | Lower Bhavani Project Canal | Lower Bhavani Project Canal is a long irrigation canal which runs in Erode district in Tamil Nadu, India. The canal is a valley-side contour canal, fed by Bhavanisagar Dam and irrigates 2.07 lakh hectares of land. The main canal feeds Thadapalli and Arakkankottai channels which irrigate the cultivable lands. The canal was the brainchild M.A Eswaran, member of the legislative assembly of the Erode constituency in the early 1950s.
References
See also
Kalingarayan Canal
Erode district
Canals in Tamil Nadu
Gobichettipalayam
Bhavani River |
20460204 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narayanhat%20Union | Narayanhat Union | Narayanhat Union () is a union of Bhujpur Thana of Chittagong District.
Geography
Area of Narayanhat : 14,800 acres (59.9 km2.)।
Location
North: Dantmara Union
East: Manikchhari Upazila
South: Bhujpur Union
West: Sitakunda Mountain Range and Mirsarai Upzillah
Population
At the 1991 Bangladesh census, Narayanhat Union had a population of 23,370.
Education
Narayanhat Degree College.
Narayanhat (Collegiate) High School.
Narayanhat Senior Madrasha.
Narayanhat (Chanpur) High School.
Shatchora Govt Primary School.
Narayanhat Govt. Primary School.
Jujkhola Govt. Primary School.
Mirzarhat High School.
Mirzarhat Govt. Primary school.
Mohanagor Reg. Primary School
Sahtchora Hedaytul Islam Madrasha
Marketplaces and bazaars
Narayanhat and Mirzarhat is the main marketplace in the union. Shatchora bazar
Villages and mouzas
Chanpur, Dhamarkhil, Shouilkopa,
s jujkhola,N Jujkhola, Hapania, Sundarpur. West Chandpur Shatchora.
References
Unions of Bhujpur Thana |
20460215 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria%20Albin%20Boniecki | Maria Albin Boniecki | Maria Albin Bończa-Boniecki (1908–1995) was a Polish artist. A survivor of the Nazi concentration camp Majdanek, he emigrated to the United States of America in 1957.
Biography
Early life
Boniecki's father, a Polish patriot, was deported to Siberia when Boniecki was five. Boniecki's mother chose to follow with her children. The circumstances following the Russian Revolution produced an opportunity for Boniecki, his mother and his siblings to slip away. With much difficulty they found a way to Poland, arriving in 1921.
Boniecki studied at the Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw, and graduated in 1929. He produced many sculptures before the war, notably Birth of Thought, presently held at the National Museum, Warsaw. He was awarded a permanent membership of Zachęta, the Polish Masters National Museum of Fine Arts.
World War II
After the war broke out, Boniecki joined the Polish underground resistance. In 1939 he worked as a volunteer medic, and from 1940 to 1942 took part in counterintelligence in Warsaw, Sub-district II under the pseudonym "Adam".
He was arrested by the Gestapo in October 1942 and imprisoned and interrogated at the infamous Pawiak prison. Thence he was sent to Majdanek concentration camp.
Despite being a subject of Nazi experiments and appalling conditions at the camp, Boniecki continued fashioning sculptures out of whatever he could find to encourage hope and endurance in his fellow prisoners, and in memory of those murdered. His heavily symbolic sculptures included:
The Frog (fountain)
The Tortoise
The Three Eagles Mausoleum (also known as the Column of Three Eagles)
The Seal with Fish
The Lizard
The Shrine
When presented with an opportunity, Boniecki proposed a sculpture of three eagles to the camp officials, who accepted the offer, believing the eagles were a German symbol. But the Three Eagles Mausoleum that he produced symbolized, among other things, the freedom of Poland, brotherhood, and triumph. Some human ashes of the victims of the gas chambers were secretly placed within the sculpture.
The Three Eagles Mausoleum was destroyed after the war and a reconstruction was created in 1962 by Stanisław Strzyżyński, by order of the Polish government and against Boniecki's wishes. This reconstruction (see External links) remains on display at the Majdanek Museum.
At the same time, Boniecki was the chief of section V of Wachlarz, and gathered information within the camp for delegates of the Polish government-in-exile. Information was smuggled in and out of the camp routinely.
With the help of the Polish Home Army, Boniecki escaped in 1944 and, rather than fleeing the country, resumed his counterintelligence activities. He took part in the Warsaw Uprising and was again captured by the Nazis. He passed through the German prisoner-of-war camps at Lamsdorf, Gross Born, and finally Sandbostel, where he was liberated by British forces.
Post-war
Boniecki settled in Paris where he met his wife Krystyna Boniecki (née Binental), also an artist. They continued sculpting and painting, and also developed educational toys for children, among them a tactile alphabet for the blind.
In 1957 the couple moved to Denver, USA, and became US citizens in 1964. Later they moved to Tulsa, Oklahoma.
Solo exhibits
"Polish Masters Exhibitions", National Art Museum in Warsaw
"Polish Artists Exhibitions", National Art Gallery in Warsaw
City Hall in Polish Silesia, Bielsko-Biala
"Exhibition of Polish Artists Association in Paris", Polish Seminary in Paris
"Esposizione Internazionale di Arte Sacra", Pontificia Academia del Pantheon, Rome
International House, Denver, Colorado
Englewood State Bank, Englewood, Colorado
"Millenium of Poland", Colorado University, Boulder, Colorado
Creative Art Gallery, Denver, Colorado
Permanent works available in public space
The Tortoise, State Museum at Majdanek (original concrete)
The Column of Three Eagles, State Museum at Majdanek (reconstruction)
The Lizard, State Museum at Majdanek (original concrete)
St. Francis D'Assises, Museum in Rome (model, bronze)
Annunciation, Polish Church in Rome (tabernacle, bronze)
Tribute to General Marquis de Lafeyette, Civic Center Park, Denver, Colorado (plaque, bronze - see External Links)
St. Francis D'Assises, Museum in Rome (model, bronze)
The Seal, in front of the Children's Hospital, Lublin (fountain, bronze)
Military awards
Cross of Valor (London, 1942)
Cross of Valor (1944)
References
External links
State Museum at Majdanek - Official Site
Reconstruction of the Three Eagles Mausoleum
Waymarking: Tribute to General Marquis de Lafeyette
1908 births
1995 deaths
Polish emigrants to the United States
Home Army members
Majdanek concentration camp survivors
Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw alumni
20th-century Polish sculptors |
20460289 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mornington%20Peninsula%20Regional%20Gallery%20Works%20on%20Paper%20Award | Mornington Peninsula Regional Gallery Works on Paper Award | The National Works on Paper Award is a catch-all term for a body of related awards for contemporary art made on, or with, paper. First awarded in 1998, it is the successor event to the Spring Festival of Drawing and the Prints Acquisitive. The award is made biennially, except during the years 1998 to 2000, and 2002 to 2004, when it was made annually. The award and its concomitant exhibition are hosted by the Mornington Peninsula Regional Gallery, located in Mornington, Australia.
In 2008, the total prize pool of the National Works on Paper award was worth A$45,000 and had three components:
The John Tallis Acquisitive Award, valued at A$15,000;
The Mornington Peninsula Regional Shire Acquisition Fund awards, valued at up to A$20,000; and
The Friends of the Mornington Peninsula Regional Gallery Acquisition Fund awards, valued at up to A$10,000.
Winners (major award only)
1998 - Christopher Hodges
1999 - Jennifer Buntine
2000 - Matthew Butterworth
2002 - eX de Medici
2003 - Lisa Roet
2004 - Paul Boston
2006 - Gareth Sansom
2008 - Danie Mellor
2010 - Richard Lewer
2014 - Jess Johnson
References
External links
Mornington Peninsula Regional Gallery website
Mornington Peninsula Regional Gallery - 2008 NWOP Award
MPRG - NWOP Past Exhibitions
Australian art awards
Mornington Peninsula
Awards established in 1998
1998 establishments in Australia |
20460308 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knarsdale | Knarsdale | Knarsdale, historically Knaresdale, is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Knaresdale with Kirkhaugh, in Northumberland, England about north of Alston. The village takes its name from the Knarr Burn: Knarr means 'rugged rock'. In 1951 the parish had a population of 289.
History
The manor of Knarsdale was held in medieval times by the Swinburn family, and in 1313 Hugh de Swinburn was rector of Knarsdale. It was later held by the Wallis family, who sold it in 1730 to John Stephenson, a Newcastle merchant. One of the Stephenson family built Alston market cross. But in 1769 Knarsdale was sold to James Wallace, a distinguished lawyer. His son Thomas, for services to his country, was created Baron Wallace of Knarsdale. The family also owned Featherstone Castle, and Hodgson described Knarsdale Hall as having declined in importance — a gentleman's place of the 17th century now and for a long time since occupied by the farmer of the adjoining grounds... The garden walls have lost their trimness, the malt kilns and the brewhouse are gone. Today, however, the stone buildings on top of a high mound dominate the scene and are strongly built. The mullioned windows seem to have been inserted into an older hall.
Governance
Knarsdale is in the parliamentary constituency of Hexham. On 1 April 1955 the parish was abolished to form Knaresdale with Kirkhaugh.
Religious sites
The church is dedicated to St Jude, and Hodgson saw it in a ruinous condition, with stone lying about. It had been rebuilt in the seventeenth century, and old grave slabs were used in the building. In 1833, however, it was rebuilt at a cost of £300 and a new rectory was erected at this time. On the south wall of the church, beneath the sundial, is a stone carved with Erected 1833. Rev. Thomas Bewsher, Rector. William Parker and Joseph Richardson, Church Wardens. Enlarged 1882. Vestry and Porch added 1906. There is a fine collection of gravestones and one carried a strange inscription, which Hodgson called 'disgraceful doggerel':
All you who please these lines to read
It will cause a tender heart to bleed:
I murdered was upon the fell,
And by a man I knew full well;
My bread and butter which he'd lade,
I, being harmless, was betrayed.
I hope he will rewarded be,
That laid the poison here for me.
It was the epitaph of Robert Baxter, who died 4 October 1796. A man with whom he had a quarrel allegedly left a poisoned wrapped sandwich for him, but there was seemingly no inquest to confirm the accusation. The gravestone is now broken.
References
External links
GENUKI (Accessed: 27 November 2008)
Villages in Northumberland
Former civil parishes in Northumberland |
20460404 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherwitton | Netherwitton | Netherwitton is a village in Northumberland, England about west north west of Morpeth.
A former cotton-mill now converted into residential housing, the old village school also converted into a house, an old bridge, a small church, and a number of cottages and gardens comprise the village. The old cross, dated 1698, still stands in a garden beyond the green. The village cross in Netherwitton is dated 1698 and seems to have been moved there when the village was moved. The original site is now parkland. The cross stands 1.6m high and was repaired in 1825. Most of the common about it has been appropriated and planted with trees.
History
During the Civil War, Cromwell quartered a large force in the grounds of the stately Netherwitton Hall for one night, and later awarded a sum of £95-5s-6d. as compensation for the damage done by his troops. After Culloden in 1746 Lord Lovat, a Jacobite leader, for a long while lay concealed in a "Priest's Hole" in an upper room of the Hall. Roger Thornton, a great merchant-prince of Newcastle at the beginning of the 15th century, was a native of Netherwitton and built a castle by the river, but no trace of it remains.
Landmarks
The Devil's Causeway passes the village less than to the east. The causeway is a Roman road which starts at Port Gate on Hadrian's Wall, north of Corbridge, and extends northwards across Northumberland to the mouth of the River Tweed at Berwick-upon-Tweed.
Devils Causeway Tower, Netherwitton, also known as, or recorded in historical documents as Highbush Wood. King writes ‘Marked on some OS maps as tower but now considered to be remains of cottage.’ SMR still records as ‘site of tower’. Long records as ‘remains of an irregular shaped tower.’ This site has been described as a Pele Tower. The confidence that this site is a medieval fortification or palace is Questionable.
Netherwitton Hall is a Grade I listed building. There has been a house on the site since the 14th century. The present house, which was built in about 1685, to a design by architect Robert Trollope has an impressive three-storey, seven-bayed frontage with balustrade and unusual irregular window pediments. The rear presents some earlier features including a stairway tower which may contain remnants of ancient fortifications. The gardens contain a folly and masonry features.
Religious sites
The church is dedicated to St Giles. He is the saint referred to as "Saint Aegidius" in one of the stained glass windows in the church, 'Aegidius' being the Latin form of the name 'Giles'.
References
External links
GENUKI (Accessed: 27 November 2008)
Villages in Northumberland |
20460421 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rennington | Rennington | Rennington is a village in Northumberland, England about north of Alnwick.
Governance
Rennington is in the parliamentary constituency of Berwick-upon-Tweed.
References
External links
GENUKI (Accessed: 27 November 2008)
Villages in Northumberland |
20460437 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirudhubashini%20Govindarajan | Mirudhubashini Govindarajan | Mirudhubashini Govindarajan (born 1947) is an Indian-born healthcare consultant, focussing on women's healthcare and infertility management in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
Background
Govindarajan was born in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. Her father was a lawyer, freedom fighter and politician focussing on organic farming. Govindarajan's mother was a doctor in Coimbatore.
Her early education was in Coimbatore, India and then she moved on to the alma mater of her mother, Stanley Medical College in Chennai to obtain her medical degree. On completion of her medical studies in Chennai, she moved to New York and then to Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. She later became a Fellow of Royal College of Surgeons of Canada in 1977 and a lecturer at the University of Manitoba, Canada.
On her return to India in 1981, Mirudhubashini joined Sri Ramakrishna Hospital and started their Obstetrics and Gynecology department. She was instrumental in the formation of Womens Center. In early 2011, she moved into a new facility of her own Womens Center, located in the Northern part of Coimbatore providing all women's healthcare services under a single roof. She holds a patent in relation to methods for the treatment of endometriosis and related disorders and conditions.
Current Positions
Source:
Clinical Director, Womens Center, Coimbatore
Clinical Director, Assisted Reproductive Technology Center Coimbatore
Director, Center for Perinatal Care Coimbatore Pvt Ltd
Director, Womens Center and Hospitals Private Limited, Coimbatore
Adjunct Professor, The Tamil Nadu Dr. MGR Medical University
Publications and research
Inheritance of Infertility
Journal of Human Reproductive Medicine
Fertilization and Development: Theory and Practice
ART, PGD effective treatment for infertility
Memberships
Source:
Indian Medical Association
Coimbatore Obstetrics and Gynecology Society - President, 2002-2003
Federation Gynecological and Obstetrics Societies of India
Indian Association of Cytologists
Perinatal Committee-FOGSI
European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology
American Society of Reproductive Medicine
Member, Editorial Board international Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, published in New Zealand
Founder President Coimbatore Ultrasound Society
Awards
Rotary for the Sake of Honor Award for the services in Women’s Health care
Dinamalar award for Women "Achievement in Medical science"
Distinguished alumni award for lifetime achievement from Mani High School
The Professor Arnold H. Einhorn's Endowment Orator in 2008
References
1947 births
Living people
Fellows of the Royal College of Surgeons
Indian surgeons
Indian gynaecologists
Tamil scientists
Medical doctors from Tamil Nadu
People from Coimbatore
Indian women gynaecologists
20th-century Indian women scientists
20th-century Indian medical doctors
Indian women surgeons
Women scientists from Tamil Nadu
20th-century women physicians
20th-century surgeons |
20460518 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipal%20Park%20%28Luxembourg%20City%29 | Municipal Park (Luxembourg City) | The Municipal Park () is a public urban park in Luxembourg City, in southern Luxembourg. The eastern edge flanks the boulevard du Prince Henri and, along with the valleys of the Alzette and Pétrusse, forms a boundary that separates the central Ville Haute quarter from the rest of the city.
This green arc is segmented into separate sections by the avenue Monterey, the avenue Émile Reuter, and the avenue de la Porte-Neuve. The area bordered by these roads is approximately . The southernmost section of the park is called Edith Klein Park (Parc Ed. Klein). The park was created after the demolition of the fortress under the 1867 Treaty of London.
The park is the location of the Villa Louvigny, in the southernmost section, and the Villa Vauban, across the avenue Émile Reuter. The Villa Louvigny was the seat of the Compagnie Luxembourgeoise de Télédiffusion, the forerunner of RTL Group, and hosted the Eurovision Song Contest in 1962 and 1966. The Villa Vauban was the original seat of the European Court of Justice, and is now an art museum.
During the excavation for the construction of the underground Monterey car park, the remains of the fort was uncovered. Named the Lambert Redoubt, the pentagonal fortress can now be seen just south of avenue Monterey. The Lambert Fortress was originally built in 1685, renovated in 1835–6, and razed between 1868 and 1874.
Footnotes
Parks in Luxembourg City |
20460533 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Perrin%20%28bishop%29 | William Perrin (bishop) | William Willcox Perrin (11 August 184827 June 1934) was an Anglican bishop in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
Perrin was born at Westbury-on-Trym, Somersetshire, on 11 August 1848 and educated at both King's College London and Trinity College, Oxford. Ordained in 1870, he began his ministry with a curacy at St Mary's Southampton and was then vicar of St Luke's in the same city before his ordination to the episcopate as the Bishop of British Columbia. He was consecrated a bishop on 24 March 1893, by Edward White Benson, Archbishop of Canterbury, at Westminster Abbey. He was later translated to be the Bishop of Willesden. During this period he was also the rector of St Andrew Undershaft A noted Freemason (he kept the rectory until his death). He died on 27 June 1934 and is buried in the churchyard of St John-at-Hampstead Church, London. His sister Edith was a prominent social reformer.
Perrin unveiled and dedicated the Hampstead War Memorial in May 1922.
He retired in summer 1929, resigning his see in time for his successor's consecration on the Feast of St James (25 July). He became an Assistant Bishop of London until his death — he apparently retained oversight of Hampstead deanery throughout.
References
1848 births
1934 deaths
Anglican bishops of British Columbia
Bishops of Willesden
Alumni of Trinity College, Oxford
19th-century Anglican Church of Canada bishops
20th-century Church of England bishops
Burials at St John-at-Hampstead
Freemasons of the United Grand Lodge of England
20th-century Anglican Church of Canada bishops |
20460541 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single%20cell | Single cell | Single cell and similar can mean:
Biology
Single-cell organism
Single-cell protein
Single-cell recording, a neuro-electric monitoring technique
Single-cell sequencing
Single cell epigenomics
Single-cell transcriptomics
Other
Single-cell thunderstorm
Single Cell (comic), a comic
Single Cell Orchestra, run by Miguel Fierro
Single Cell Orchestra (album), a music albuma battery (electric) of one cell |
20460549 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank%20P.%20Armstrong | Frank P. Armstrong | Francis Patrick Armstrong (circa 1859–1923) was a steamboat captain in the East Kootenay region of British Columbia. He also operated steamboats on the Kootenay River in Montana and on the Stikine River in western British Columbia. Steam navigation in the Rocky Mountain Trench which runs through the East Kootenay region was closely linked to Armstrong's personality and career. In addition to being a steamboat captain, Armstrong was also a prospector, white-water boat pilot and guide in the Big Bend country of the Columbia River.
Early life
Armstrong had been born in Sorel, Quebec about 1859. He moved to Winnipeg in 1881, and then came west working with a Canadian Pacific Railway surveying crew in the Columbia Valley from Cranbrook to Golden.
Character
Lewis R. Freeman, a journalist, adventurer, movie-maker, and football coach, came to know Armstrong well in 1920 during a boat trip down the Columbia. Freeman described Armstrong, and as "one of the most picturesque personalities in the pioneering history of British Columbia":
Beginning of steam navigation
In 1882 Armstrong homesteaded on the east side of Columbia Lake and planted potatoes, with the plan of selling them to the workers building the CPR downriver at Golden. He built two flat-bottomed boats, (called "bateaux") to transport his crop on the river. Armstrong decided a steamboat would be a good way to tow the bateaux back upstream. He arranged to have steam engines shipped west from a steam ferry built in 1840 that operated at his home town in Quebec. Once the engines arrived, and a boiler could be located, Armstrong assembled a steamboat from miscellaneous planks and timbers that were lying around at an old sawmill. The result was the Duchess, launched in 1886 at Golden. Two early passengers wrote that her appearance was "somewhat decrepit" and Armstrong himself later agreed that she was "a pretty crude steamboat."
Building the second Duchess
Duchess sank at least once, but Armstrong was eventually able to raise her from the river. He then applied the odd-shaped steamer to make enough money in 1887 to have a new sternwheeler built, also called Duchess. Armstrong hired the veteran shipbuilder Alexander Watson, of Victoria, BC to build the new steamer, which although small, was well-designed and looked like a steamboat. Armstrong also had built a second steamer, Marion, which although smaller than the second Duchess, needed only six inches of water to run in. This was an advantage in the often shallow waters of the Columbia above Golden, where as Armstrong put it, "the river's bottom was often very close to the river's top".
The Baillie-Grohman Canal
A curious feature of the Rocky Mountain Trench is that two of the major rivers that flow through it, the Columbia, flowing north, and the Kootenay flowing south, are separated by only about a mile of low marshy prairie at a place now known as Canal Flats. As the name implies, a shipping canal was built across Canal Flats by William Adolf Baillie-Grohman, a European adventurer and promoter from wealthy and privileged background. The canal was completed in 1889, but it was only used three times by steamboats, every time under the command of Captain Armstrong.
In 1893, Armstrong built Gwendoline at Hansen's Landing on the Kootenay River, and took the vessel through the canal north to the shipyard at Golden to complete her fitting out. By this time it appears that the canal had been damaged or deteriorated to the boat where at least some of the transit of Gwendoline had to be accomplished by pulling the vessel of the water, partially dismantling the boat, and pulling her along on rollers. Over the winter, Armstrong, it is reported, was able to prevail on the provincial government to expend funds to repair the canal. In late May 1894 Armstrong returned the completed Gwendoline back to the Kootenay River, this time transiting normally the rehabilitated canal.
The canal remained unused until 1902, when Armstrong brought North Star north from the Kootenay to the Columbia. The transit of North Star was only made possible by the destruction, by dynamite, of the lock at the canal.
Mining boom on the upper Kootenay River
A mining boom along the upper Kootenay river in the early 1890s led to a demand for shipping to transport miners and supplies into, and ore out of, the region surrounding the river. The Great Northern Railway at Jennings, Montana was the nearest downriver railhead for upper Kootenay shipping.
Armstrong moved south from the Columbia to the Kootenay, and built the small sternwheeler Gwendoline at Hansen's Landing, about north of the present community of Wasa. Instead of taking the ore south to the Jennings, Armstrong's plan was to move the ore north across Canal Flats and then down the Columbia to the CPR railhead at Golden. Armstrong took Gwendoline through the Baillie-Grohman Canal in the fall of 1893 (or rolled her across Canal Flats), fitted her out at Golden, and returned through the canal in the spring of 1894.
The difficulty of moving Gwendoline through the Canal convinced Armstrong that the only feasible route was south to Jennings. By early 1896, Armstrong joined with veteran Willamette River steamboat captain James D. Miller and built Ruth (named after Armstrong's daughter) at Libby, Montana. Ruth was the largest steamer yet to operate on the upper Kootenay River. Later, Armstrong and Miller associated with Wardner, and, when their competitors, DePuy and Jones suffered the misfortune of having their new vessel Rustler (125 tons) sunk after just six weeks of operation, the three men were able to dominate the river traffic.
Jennings Canyon
Once in the United States, the Kootenay river, in its natural state before the construction of the Libby Dam, flowed through Jennings Canyon to the settlement of Jennings, Montana. Jennings has almost completely disappeared as a town, but it was near Libby, Montana. Above Jennings, the Kootenay River narrowed as it ran through Jennings Canyon, which was a significant hazard to any river navigation. A particularly dangerous stretch was known as the Elbow. Jennings Canyon was described by Professor Lyman as "a strip of water, foaming-white, downhill almost as on a steep roof, hardly wider than steamboat".
No insurance agent would write a policy for steamboats and cargo transiting the Jennings Canyon. Armstrong once persuaded an agent from San Francisco to consider making a quote on premiums. The agent decided to examine the route for himself, and went on board with Armstrong as the captain's boat shot through the canyon. At the end of the trip, the agent's quote for a policy was one-quarter of the value of the cargo. Faced with this quote, Armstrong decided to forgo insurance.
The huge profits to be made seemed to justify the risk. Combined the two steamers could earn $2,000 in gross receipts per day, a lot of money in 1897. By comparison, the sternwheeler J.D. Farrell (1897), cost $20,000 to build in 1897. In ten days of operation then, an entire steamboat could be paid for. Armstrong and Miller unsuccessfully tried to get the U.S. Government to finance clearing of some of the rocks and obstructions in Jennings Canyon. Without government help, they hired crews themselves to do the work over two winters, but the results were not of much value.
Despite the work on the channel, every steamboat Armstrong ever took through Jennings Canyon was eventually wrecked in the canyon. The wreck Gwendoline and Ruth on May 7, 1897, resulted in the destruction of Ruth and the sinking of Gwendoline, fortunately with no losses other than severe financial ones. When the new steamer North Star was launched a few weeks later, Armstrong was able to make up for some of the losses with 21 completed round trips on the Kootenay between Fort Steele and Jennings before low water forced him to tie up on September 3, 1897.
Move to the Stikine River
In January 1898, Armstrong went north to Alaska to participate in the Klondike Gold Rush, with Armstrong deciding to try his chances at making money as a steamboat captain on the Stikine River then being promoted as the "All-Canadian" route to the Yukon River gold fields. On the Stikine River, Armstrong served with the famous steamboat captain John Irving. Together with A.F. Henderson, Armstrong built a steamboat, Mono for the Teslin Transportation Company of Victoria, BC. As might be expected from a vessel designed by Armstrong, Mono had excellent shallow water performance. When the Stikine river route collapsed as an alternate access to the Klondike in July 1898, Mono was taken under tow to St. Michael, Alaska for service on the Yukon River.
Return to the Columbia River
North Star was sold back to Captain Armstrong when he returned from his Klondike adventure, and on June 4, 1902, he took her north to the Columbia River on his famous dynamite-aided transit of the decrepit Baillie-Grohman canal. With North Star gone, steamboating on the upper Kootenay ended for good. While Armstrong had been engaged in the Kootenay and the Klondike mining booms, a few competitors had appeared on the upper Columbia. In 1899, Harold E. Forster (d.1940) a wealthy mountain climber, businessman, politician and occasional steamboat captain, brought Selkirk by rail from Shuswap Lake to Golden, where he launched her but used her as a yacht and not, at least initially, as commercial vessel. Also, Captain Alexander Blakely bought the little sidewheeler Pert and operated her on the river.
In 1902 Armstrong dismantled Duchess. Armstrong built a new steamer, Ptarmigan, using the engines from Duchess which were by then were over 60 years old.
Service in the Great War
Many men from British Columbia served in World War I which began in 1914. Steamboat men were no exception, even Armstrong although he could easily have stayed home because of his age. Instead, Armstrong supervised British river transport in the Middle East, on the Nile and Tigris rivers. The Tigris in particular was in a difficult and hard-fought theater of war. Armstrong was not the only one of the small community of steamboat men of Golden to serve. Armstrong's apprentice, John Blakely (1889–1963), the son of his former competitor, enlisted and went to Europe, where he became one of only six survivors when his ship was torpedoed in the English Channel.
End of steam navigation on the upper Columbia river
The construction of railroads and the economic dislocations caused by the war had doomed steamboats as a method of transportation on the upper Columbia. With Armstrong in command, Nowitka made the last steamboat run on the upper Columbia in May 1920, pushing a barge-mounted pile-driver to build a bridge at Brisco, which when complete was too low to allow a steamboat to pass under it.
Last years and legacy
Armstrong found employment with the Dominion government on his return from the war. He was seriously injured in an accident in Nelson, BC and died in an hospital in Vancouver, BC in January 1923. His own life had spanned the entire history of steam navigation in the Rocky Mountain Trench from 1886 to 1920. An older riverman who had known Captain Armstrong said of him: "With Armstrong those who could pay were expected and those who couldn't were never left behind".
See also
Baillie-Grohman Canal
North Star (sternwheeler 1897)
Steamboats of the upper Columbia and Kootenay Rivers
Notes
1859 births
1923 deaths
Canadian sailors
Steamship captains
People of the Klondike Gold Rush |
20460553 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beit%20Ijza | Beit Ijza | Beit Ijza (, also spelled Bayt Ijza); is a village in the Jerusalem Governorate in the central West Bank with an area of 2,526 dunams. Located approximately six miles north of Jerusalem, it had a population of 698 in 2007.
Location
Beit Ijza is located north-west of Jerusalem, bordered by Al Jib to the east and Al Jib lands to the north, Beit Duqqu to the west, and Biddu to the south.
History
Ottoman era
Beit Ijza was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in 1517 with all of Palestine, and in 1596 it appeared in the tax registers as being in the nahiya of Al-Quds in the liwa of Al-Quds under the name of Bayt Iza. It had a population of 6 household; who were all Muslims. They paid a fixed Ziamet tax-rate of 33.3% on agricultural products, including wheat, barley, summer crops, olive trees, vineyards, fruit trees, goats and beehives, in addition to occasional revenues; a total of 2,500 akçe.
In 1738 Richard Pococke named it Beteser, seeing it "on the hill to the east of the valley".
In 1838, it was described as a Muslim village, located in the Beni Malik area, west of Jerusalem.
In 1883 the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine (SWP) described Beit Izza as: "a village of moderate size on a hill with a spring at some distance to the west."
British Mandate era
In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, "Bait Izza" had a population of 59 Muslims, decreasing slightly in the 1931 census to 54 Muslims, in 14 houses.
In the 1945 statistics Beit Ijza had a population of 70 Muslims, with a total of 2,550 dunams of land, according to an official land and population survey. Of this, Arabs used 122 dunams for plantations and irrigable land, 922 for cereals, while 8 dunams were built-up (urban) land.
Jordanian era
In the wake of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, and after the 1949 Armistice Agreements, Beit Ijza came under Jordanian rule.
The Jordanian census of 1961 found 129 inhabitants in Beit Ijza.
Post 1967
Since the Six-Day War in 1967, Beit Ijza has been under Israeli occupation.
Under the 1995 Oslo II Accord, 6.7% of the total village area was classified as Area B, and the remaining 93.3% classified as Area C, under full Israeli control. Israel has confiscated land in Beit Ijza for settlements, including Giv'at Ze'ev and Giv'on Ha'hadasha. In addition, the separation wall extends onto Beit Ijza land, leaving 980 dunums, (or 38.1% of the total village's area), behind the wall, on the Israeli side. The Palestinian owners of the land must rely on Israeli permission to access their land. Permission is only granted to the property owner, often elderly people, leaving them unable to hire help to work the land. One family in Beit Ijza lives with walls on all sides of its property due to extensive land expropriations by Israel.
Shrine
Tawfiq Canaan found a Maqam (shrine) for en-nabi Yusif, on a spot which dominated Beit Ijza.
References
Bibliography
(pp. 17 - 18: this shows Beit Ijza, according to Pringle, 2009, p. 234)
(p. 234)
External links
Welcome to Bayt Ijza
Survey of Western Palestine, Map 17: IAA, Wikimedia commons
Bayt Ijza village (fact sheet), Applied Research Institute–Jerusalem (ARIJ)
Beit Ijza village profile, ARIJ
Beit Ijza aerial photo, ARIJ
Locality Development Priorities and Needs in Beit Ijza, ARIJ
POICA
Villages in the West Bank
Jerusalem Governorate |
20460599 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timarion | Timarion | The Timarion () is a Byzantine pseudo-Lucianic satirical dialogue probably composed in the twelfth century (there are references to the eleventh-century Michael Psellus), though possibly later.
The eponymous hero, on his way to a Christian fair at Thessalonica, is unexpectedly taken to Hades, which is ruled by pagan figures and pagan justice (including the emperor Theophilos as a judge), and where "Galilæans" (that is, Christians) make up only one sect (αἵρεσις) of many.
In one scene, a eunuch whose face "shines like the sun" whispers in Timarion's ear. His companion Theodore says it's his guardian angel.
Edition and translation
R. Romano, "Pseudo-Luciano, Timarione", in Byzantina et neo-hellenica neapolitana 2. Naples: Università di Napoli. Cattedra di filologia bizantina, 1974; pp. 49-92.
B. Baldwin, Timarion, Translated with Introduction and Commentary. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1984.
Anonim Bir Bizans Hicvi Timarion, çev: Engin ÖZTÜRK, İstanbul: Urzeni Yayınları, 2020.
See also
The Menippus or Necyomantia by Lucian
Mazaris' Journey to Hades (late Byzantine)
References
Kaldellis, A., Hellenism in Byzantium: The Transformations of Greek Identity and the Reception of the Classical Tradition. Cambridge: CUP, 2008; pp. 276-283.
Ejusdem, "The Timarion: Toward a Literary Interpretation", in P. Odorico (ed.), La face cachée de la littérature Byzantine: Le texte en tant que message immédiat. Paris: École des hautes études en sciences sociales, Centre d’études Byzantines, néo-helléniques et sud-est européennes (Dossiers byzantins, vol. 7, forthcoming).
Kazhdan, A. and A. Wharton-Epstein, Change in Byzantine Culture in the Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1990; pp. 139sq.
Byzantine literature
12th-century books |
20460606 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wang%20Yani | Wang Yani | Wang Yani (; 1975) is a Chinese artist who began painting at the age of two-and-a-half. Her work was exhibited in China when she was four, appeared on a postage stamp when she was eight, and she had a solo exhibition at a museum in London when she was fourteen, and soon after, at the Arthur M. Sackler Gallery at the Smithsonian Institution, in a traveling exhibit organized by the Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art in Kansas City, Missouri. The Sackler exhibit included a painting done when she was three entitled "Kitty."
By the time she was sixteen, six different books had been written about Wang Yani. They told the story of an innocent girl who loved to paint monkeys, baboons, and cats, and who grew into a world-famous young teen who painted as curators of the Smithsonian watched her create beautiful birds and flowers with her dancing brush.
Wang Yani also exhibited in Germany and grew to love that country in her middle teen years. Studying the German language and winning a scholarship to study art in Germany, in 1996 began to study art at the Academy of Fine Arts Munich. She has had many exhibitions in Germany since 1996, including at Galerie Jaspers.
She is married to photographer Wu Min-an.
References
External links
Wang Yani
Artists from Guangxi
Living people
1975 births
Academy of Fine Arts, Munich alumni
People from Guilin
Child artists |
20460610 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Henry%20Hance | William Henry Hance | William Henry Hance (November 10, 1951 – March 31, 1994) was an American soldier and serial killer who is believed to have murdered four women in and around military bases before his arrest in 1978. He was convicted of murdering three of them, and not brought to trial on the fourth. He was executed by the state of Georgia in the electric chair.
Investigation
In 1978, Columbus, Georgia was undergoing a wave of murders of women. Several elderly white women had been killed by a perpetrator nicknamed the Stocking Strangler. In addition, the bodies of two young black sex workers had been found outside of Fort Benning nearby.
The disparate groups of victims were linked by a letter to the local police chief written on United States Army stationery. The handwritten note purported to be from a gang of seven white men who were holding a black woman hostage and would kill her if the Stocking Strangler were not apprehended. The Stocking Strangler was believed to be a black man, and this had been widely reported at the time.
The seven white vigilantes wished to be known as the "Forces of Evil", and wanted the police chief to communicate with them via messages on radio or television. The first letter was followed by others; eventually, a ransom demand of $10,000 was also made to keep the alleged hostage, Gail Jackson, alive. (Jackson was also known as Brenda Gail Faison and other aliases.) The letters were followed by phone calls.
The letters and calls were a hoax intended to divert attention from the real killer. Gail Jackson, the supposed hostage, had been murdered five weeks before she was found, and before the first letter was sent. Her body was discovered in early April 1978. She was 21 years old. Soon afterward, following instructions in yet another call from the "Forces of Evil", a second black woman's body was found at a rifle range at Fort Benning. Her name was Irene Thirkield. She was 32.
FBI profiler Robert K. Ressler created a profile which asserted that the killer was one man, not seven; black, not white; single, not well-educated, and probably a low-ranking military man at the fort in his late twenties.
Using the profile and aware that both Jackson and Thirkield were prostitutes, Georgia Bureau of Investigation officers searched near the fort for bars which had generally black patrons. They were quickly able to identify William Hance and arrest him. He was a Specialist (E-4) attached to an artillery unit at the fort as a truck driver. Hance had begun his military career as a Marine before joining the Army.
When confronted with evidence including his handwriting, voice recordings, and shoe prints from the crime scenes, Hance confessed to killing both women and to the killing of a third woman at Fort Benning in September 1977. Karen Hickman, 24, was a white Army private known to date black soldiers and socialize in black pubs. Hance was not charged with Hickman's murder in the civilian system, but was charged, tried, and convicted by a court martial for her death.
Eventually, Hance was also identified as the killer of a young black woman at Fort Benjamin Harrison in Indiana. Hance was not charged with this murder.
However, despite his four known homicides, he was innocent of the Stocking Strangler murders, eventually attributed to another black man, Carlton Gary.
Military courts
Hance was convicted in a military court, but not tried in civilian courts, for the murder of Irene Thirkield.
Hance was also tried and convicted in a court martial, but not a civilian court, for the murder of Karen Hickman.
During his court martial for the murder of Irene Thirkield, Hance received a life sentence which was reversed when jurors decided he lacked the mental capacity for premeditation.
For the deaths of both Hickman and Thirkield, Hance's final court martial sentence was life at hard labor. The convictions were set aside in 1980 and he was not retried by the military court system.
Civilian courts
Hance v. State, 245 Ga. 856, 268 S.E.2d 339, cert. denied, 449 U.S. 1067, 101 S.Ct. 796, 66 L.Ed.2d 611 (1980). In this case, Hance's conviction and sentence of death in the Jackson murder were affirmed by the Georgia Supreme Court. The Thirkield murder is also included in the Court's summation of the facts.
Hance v. Zant, 456 U.S. 965, 102 S.Ct. 2046, 72 L.Ed.2d 491 (1982). The United States Supreme Court denied certiorari in Hance's habeas corpus appeal in the Jackson murder.
William Henry Hance, Petitioner, v. Walter D. Zant, Warden, Georgia Diagnostic And Classification Center, Respondent United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit. 696 F.2d 940, cert. denied, 463 U.S. 1210, 103 S.Ct. 3544, 77 L.Ed.2d 1393 (1983). After the U.S. Supreme Court declined to hear his first habeas petition in the Jackson case in 1982, the federal appellate court for the 11th Circuit, which includes Georgia, affirmed Hance's conviction but ordered a retrial of the sentencing stage because the prosecutor's closing argument rendered the sentencing proceeding fundamentally unfair, and because two jurors were improperly excluded in violation of Witherspoon v. Illinois, a case about unjust challenges to jury members regarding their death penalty beliefs. The federal appellate court therefore ordered the state court system to provide a new, more fair, sentencing phase trial for the murder of Jackson.
Hance v. State, 254 Ga. 575, 332 S.E.2d 287, cert. denied, 474 U.S. 1038, 106 S.Ct. 606, 88 L.Ed.2d 584 (1985). After a second sentencing trial resulted in another death sentence for the murder of Jackson, the Georgia Supreme Court affirmed the death sentence.
Hance filed another petition for habeas corpus in the Superior Court of Butts County, which is a Georgia state trial court. That court denied his petition after holding an evidentiary hearing.
Hance v. Kemp, 258 Ga. 649, 373 S.E.2d 184 (1988), cert. denied, 490 U.S. 1012, 109 S.Ct. 1658, 104 L.Ed.2d 172 (1989) The Georgia Supreme Court affirmed the denial of habeas corpus by the Superior Court of Butts County, and in 1989, the U.S. Supreme Court refused to hear his appeal of the 1988 Georgia Supreme Court ruling.
After the Georgia Supreme Court affirmed the denial of habeas corpus by the Superior Court of Butts County in 1988, Hance then filed a new petition for habeas corpus in the federal District Court for the Middle District of Georgia; that court denied the petition without holding an evidentiary hearing. Hance then appealed to the federal appellate court for the 11th Circuit, which decided the case in January, 1993.
William Henry Hance, Petitioner-appellant, v. Walter Zant, Warden, Georgia Diagnostic & Classification Center, Respondent-appellee United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit. 981 F.2d 1180 (Jan. 6, 1993). Rehearing and Rehearing En Banc Denied March 11, 1993. In a relatively brief order, a panel of the federal appellate court in the 11th Circuit denied Hance's habeas appeal in the Jackson murder, and denied him the opportunity to present his case to the full appellate bench (instead of the panel).
Execution
Hance was sentenced to death in civilian court for the murder of Gail Jackson and sentenced to life in prison in military court for the death of Irene Thirkield. His military life sentence for Thirkield was overturned. His civilian death sentence for Jackson was not. He was executed by the state of Georgia on March 31, 1994, via the electric chair. He was the 231st inmate executed nationwide since the U.S. Supreme Court restored the death penalty in 1976 and the 18th in Georgia.
In the hours before his death, the Supreme Court voted, 6–3, not to consider his appeal. In dissent, Justice Harry Blackmun said that even if he had not recently
Hance had an IQ of 75-79 points, which classifies him as "borderline intellectual functioning" on modern medical scales of mental retardation.
Controversy
Other issues besides Hance's mental and psychiatric status had created controversy prior to the day of his electrocution, and one—the question of racial bias in the state sentencing jury—veritably exploded afterwards. The Georgia State Board of Pardons and Paroles had not even proofread its order denying his stay of execution, and conflated it with another document about some other prisoner. The Georgia Supreme Court denied his appeal by only one vote, 4–3.
One of his jurors at his second sentencing (after the first was reversed for prosecutorial misconduct), a white woman named Patricia Lemay, came forward to report that other jurors made racial remarks about Hance such as "just one more sorry nigger that no one would miss" and, if executed, he would be "one less nigger to breed."
There was only one black juror, a 26-year-old woman named Gayle Lewis Daniels. According to Lemay, Daniels was subjected to racial invective in the jury room. According to both Lemay and Daniels herself, Daniels refused to vote for the death penalty. The other jurors ignored her and reported to the judge that they were unanimous. When the jury was polled in the presence of the court, Daniels was by then too frightened to speak up. The other jurors had told her that she could be convicted of perjury if she continued to hold out, since she had testified, during jury selection, that she could vote for the death penalty.
The evidence of Lemay and Daniels outraged many press outlets. Said one newspaper afterwards,
At a law school conference the following year, attorney Ronald J. Tabak stated at some length his opinion that Hance's race contributed to the sentence.
In popular culture
Hance was portrayed by Corey Allen in the second season of the Netflix series, Mindhunter.
See also
List of people executed in Georgia (U.S. state)
List of serial killers in the United States
References
1952 births
1994 deaths
20th-century executions by Georgia (U.S. state)
American people convicted of murder
Crimes against sex workers in the United States
Executed African-American people
Executed American serial killers
Male serial killers
American serial killers
People convicted of murder by Georgia (U.S. state)
People convicted of murder by the United States military
People executed by Georgia (U.S. state) by electric chair
Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by the United States military
United States Army soldiers
United States Marines
1977 murders in the United States
20th-century executions of American people
People executed for murder
Racial hoaxes
United States Army personnel who were court-martialed |
20460613 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/School%20Certificate%20%28United%20Kingdom%29 | School Certificate (United Kingdom) | The United Kingdom School Certificate was an educational attainment standard qualification, established in 1918 by the Secondary Schools Examinations Council (SSEC).
The School Certificate Examination was usually taken at age 16. Performance in each subject was graded as: Fail, Pass, Credit or Distinction. Students had to gain six passes including English and mathematics to obtain a certificate. To obtain a "matriculation exemption" one had to obtain at least a Credit in five subjects including English, mathematics, science and a language. Those who failed could retake the examination. Some students who passed then stayed on at school to take the Higher School Certificate at age 18.
The School Certificate was abolished after the GCE O-Level was introduced in 1951. The School Certificate also existed in a number of Commonwealth countries such as Australia and Singapore at various times.
See also
School Certificate (Australia)
School Certificate (New Zealand)
School Certificate (Mauritius)
School Certificate - Other variants: Zambia, Nigeria
Higher School Certificate (United Kingdom)
GCE Ordinary Level (International) (O-Level)
GCE Ordinary Level (United Kingdom)
Cambridge International Ordinary Level (Singapore)
Cambridge International O-Level subjects
Certificate of Secondary Education (CSE)
Certificate of Secondary Education (United Kingdom) (CSE)
General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE), which replaced the O-Levels and CSE
International General Certificate of Secondary Education (IGCSE), which is offered with or instead of O-Levels internationally
General Certificate of Education (GCE), which comprises O-Levels and A-levels
References
Educational qualifications in the United Kingdom |
20460614 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duvauchelle | Duvauchelle | Duvauchelle Bay () is a small town situated at the head of Akaroa Harbour on Banks Peninsula in New Zealand. State Highway 75 passes through the town. The Onawe Peninsula separates Duvauchelle bay from Barry's Bay.
Duvauchelle is now part of Christchurch City Council jurisdiction since the city's amalgamation with Banks Peninsula District in 2006. From 1910 until 1989, Duvauchelle was the seat of the Akaroa County Council.
History
The site of an ancient Māori pā or fortified settlement is at Oinako, where the Duvauchelle Hotel stands today. At Te Wharau creek, a taua or war party of Ngāti Awa warriors camped during the battles led by Te Rauparaha in 1831.
The name of the town and bay comes from the surname of two brothers Jules-Augustin and Louis-Benjamin Duvauchelle, who held land there from the Nanto-Bordelaise Company, at the time of the French settlement at Akaroa in the 1840s. In the following decade, land alongside Duvauchelle Bay was leased from the Canterbury Association by British settlers, including William Augustus Gordon, who was the brother of Charles George Gordon, the famous soldier and colonial administrator, known as "Gordon of Khartoum" after his death. The first freeholds were bought in 1857; economic activity was focused on timber extraction and sawing, mostly totara trees. Domestic pigs were grazed in the forest, who mingled with the feral pigs that were already present. As the tree cover was cleared, it was replaced with pasture. The first settler at the Head of the Bay, the location of the present town, was a Frenchman called Libeau, who arrived in 1841. Timber exploitation was also the main activity, as well as boat building. The sawn timber was all carried out of the bay by locally built vessels. A public house and a shop were built in the 1850s. A small building that served as both church and school was built by local people on a half-acre plot of land donated by Lord Lyttelton. The first permanent roads began to be constructed in the 1860s and 1879 saw the arrival of the County Council offices and the Post Office.
Both the Duvauchelle Hotel and the post office were badly damaged by the earthquakes that struck the region in 2010 and 2011. The oldest parts of the hotel were demolished after the earthquakes, the remaining parts of the building were reopened as a single-storey establishment in September 2013. The post office was demolished in late 2012.
Demographics
Duvauchelle is described by Statistics New Zealand as a rural settlement, and covers . It is grouped with other settlements including French Farm, Wainui, Robinson's Bay and Takamatua as the statistical area of Akaroa Harbour#Demographics.
Duvauchelle had a population of 180 at the 2018 New Zealand census, a decrease of 30 people (-14.3%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 9 people (5.3%) since the 2006 census. There were 84 households. There were 90 males and 87 females, giving a sex ratio of 1.03 males per female. The median age was 63.3 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 15 people (8.3%) aged under 15 years, 12 (6.7%) aged 15 to 29, 66 (36.7%) aged 30 to 64, and 84 (46.7%) aged 65 or older.
Ethnicities were 93.3% European/Pākehā, 3.3% Māori, 3.3% Pacific peoples, 1.7% Asian, and 5.0% other ethnicities (totals add to more than 100% since people could identify with multiple ethnicities).
Although some people objected to giving their religion, 45.0% had no religion, 46.7% were Christian and 1.7% had other religions.
Of those at least 15 years old, 39 (23.6%) people had a bachelor or higher degree, and 27 (16.4%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income was $28,900, compared with $31,800 nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 60 (36.4%) people were employed full-time, 24 (14.5%) were part-time, and 0 (0.0%) were unemployed.
Education
Duvauchelle School is a contributing primary school catering for years 1 to 6. It had a roll of as of The school was established in 1860.
References
Banks Peninsula
Suburbs of Christchurch
Populated places in Canterbury, New Zealand
French-New Zealand culture |
20460666 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortescue%20River | Fortescue River | The Fortescue River is an ephemeral river in the Pilbara region of Western Australia. It is the third longest river in the state.
Course
The river rises near Deadman Hill in the Ophthalmia Range about 30 km south of Newman. The river flows in a northerly direction parallel with the Great Northern Highway until it crosses the highway just south of the Marble Bar turn-off. The river then runs north-west then west crossing the Great Northern Highway again, north of the Auski Roadhouse. Approximately north of Newman, the river flows through the Fortescue Marsh, an important wetland. The river continues to head west crossing Highway 1 at the Fortescue Roadhouse () and discharges into the Indian Ocean at Mardie Station about 40 km south-west of Dampier
Tributaries
The river is known to have 24 tributaries that include: Western Creek, Warrawanda Creek, Shovelanna Creek, Kalgan Creek, Fortescue River South, Cowcumba Creek, Macklin Creek and Tanga Tanga Creek.
During Cyclone Joan in 1975 many of these tributaries also flooded. Weeli Wolli Creek and Weelumurra Creek both overflowed and caused floods and washaways on the Hamersley Iron and Mount Newman railway lines.
The river flows through a number of permanent water pools on the latter part of its journey including Tarda Pool, Mungowarra Pool, Crossing Pool and Deep Reach Pool.
Catchment
The Fortescue Catchment area drains from the southern side of the Chichester Plateau and the northern side of the Hamersley Range making use of the trough between the two. The valley plains are composed of earthy clays with some cracking clays, loams and hard red soils.
Water is stored at Ophthalmia Dam which holds a total volume of 32,000ML, and a total of 6,290 ML/year are drawn from the surface water for use in the town of Newman.
Fortescue Marshes
See also Fortescue Marshes
The headwaters area of Fortescue River is flat and marshy. It is a location where Western Creek, Warrawanda Creek and Fortescue River converge.
The river then flows through a poorly defined channel as far as Gregory Gorge, when the river starts to form a well defined channel. It then flows through a number of pools before reaching the estuarine area.
Estuary
The mouth of the river is a large estuarine area. The estuary is mostly unmodified, and functions primarily as a result of river energy. The delta formed by the river is tide dominated.
The estuary covers a total surface area of
The majority of the estuarine area is made up of salt marsh and intertidal flats. A colony of mangroves use the estuary as habitat and occupy an area of . Large female Barramundi are known to inhabit the estuary.
History
The river was named in 1861 during an expedition by the explorer and surveyor Francis Thomas Gregory, after Chichester Fortescue, Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies.
The traditional owners of the area that the river flows through are the Indjibandi people.
Mardie Station, at the western end of the river, was established prior to 1883. Three paddocks were fenced, and by that year were carrying about 18,000 sheep.
Roy Hill Station, much further inland, was settled in 1886 by Nat Cooke who owned Mallina Station. The first official lease was granted to D. MacKay in 1890 for an area of .
A bridge crossing the river near Roy Hill was constructed in the late 1920s to service the cattle industry.
Damming proposals
The river has been surveyed and proposed as a site for dams, in the Gregory Gorge and the Dogger Gorge as well as Ophthalmia.
References
Rivers of the Pilbara region
Important Bird Areas of Western Australia |
20460701 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Best%20of%20Buffy%20Sainte-Marie%20Vol.%202 | The Best of Buffy Sainte-Marie Vol. 2 | The Best of Buffy Sainte-Marie Vol. 2 is a compilation double album released by Vanguard Records in 1971 covering a large proportion of the material she had released on her first six albums for the label that was not found on the previous year's The Best of Buffy Sainte-Marie.
Unlike her other first compilation, The Best of Buffy Sainte-Marie Vol. 2 does contain two tracks that were never released on any album - "Gonna Feel Much Better When You're Gone", which was never otherwise released, and "From the Bottom of My Heart", which was available on the "I'm Gonna Be a Country Girl Again" single that was charting in the UK at the time.
Track listing
All tracks composed by Buffy Sainte-Marie except where indicated.
"It's My Way"1 - 3:34
"He's a Pretty Good Man If You Ask Me"5 - 2:28
"Hey Little Bird"4 - 2:13
"Song to a Seagull"4 (Joni Mitchell) - 3:22
"Adam"6 (Richie Havens) - 5:05
"Mary"6 - 1:32
"He Lived Alone in Town"1 - 4:41
"Johnny Be Fair"2 - 1:49
"Reynardine" [A Vampire Legend]4 (Traditional) - 2:59
"Gonna Feel Much Better When You're Gone"8 - 1:49
"Tall Trees in Georgia"5 - 3:33
"The Carousel"4 - 2:33
"Poppies"6 - 2:51
"From the Bottom of My Heart"7 - 2:34
"Lyke Wake Dirge"4 (Benjamin Britten/Traditional) - 3:48
"Welcome, Welcome Emigrante"2 - 2:16
"Eyes of Amber"1 - 2:20
"Babe in Arms"1 - 2:33
"Ananias"1 - 2:40
"97 Men in This Here Town"/"Don't Call Me Honey"8 - 3:06
"Uncle Joe"5 (Traditional) - 2:11
"T'es pas un autre" ("Until It's Time for You to Go")4 - 2:57
"The Seeds of Brotherhood"4 - 1:29
"The Angel"6 (Ed Freeman) - 3:25
1 - From It's My Way!
2 - From Many a Mile
3 - From Little Wheel Spin and Spin
4 - From Fire & Fleet & Candlelight
5 - From I'm Gonna Be a Country Girl Again
6 - From Illuminations
7 - Unavailable on album; B-side of single "I'm Gonna Be a Country Girl Again"
8 - Previously unreleased
References
Buffy Sainte-Marie albums
Albums produced by Maynard Solomon
1971 greatest hits albums
Vanguard Records compilation albums |
20460707 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cercle%20Municipal | Cercle Municipal | The Cercle Municipal or Cercle Cité is a building in Luxembourg City, in southern Luxembourg, It is located at the eastern end of the Place d'Armes, in the historic central Ville Haute quarter of the city.
History
On a site where there had previously been a building intended as a Cercle littéraire but which finally housed a restaurant by the name of Beim Gréitchen, the city decided to construct a grand administrative building. The design competition launched in 1902 was won in 1904 by Pierre and Paul Funck, a father and son team. The administration started to move into the neo-baroque building in 1909 but the official inauguration was in 1910. On the front, above the balcony, is a frieze depicting the granting of the city charter to Luxembourg City in 1244.
The building hosted the Court of Justice of the European Coal and Steel Community, which was established in Luxembourg in 1952, until 1969. It was used as the venue of public hearings of the court until a more permanent venue could be found, whilst other work was conducted at the Villa Vauban, in the Municipal Park.
Through 2020 and 2021, due to restrictions imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic, the Cercle Municipal became the meeting place of the Chamber of Deputies.
Renovation and reopening
In 2006, comprehensive renovation and restoration work was carried out on the Cercle in order to transform it into a convention and exhibition centre. The work was completed in April 2011 providing not only enhancements to the Grande Salle and the Foyer but also to the cellar, which can now house exhibitions, and the former loft, now the fifth floor, where four rooms form a new conference centre. It took on the name Cercle-Cité after an adjacent building on the site of the former Ciné Cité was connected to the Cercle by means of a bridge over the Rue Genistre in order to expand the Cercle's facilities.
References
Buildings and structures in Luxembourg City
Baroque Revival architecture
European Coal and Steel Community
Government buildings completed in 1909
Architecture of Luxembourg
Convention centres in Luxembourg |
20460715 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20people%20from%20Sylhet | List of people from Sylhet | This is a list of notable residents and people who have origins in the Sylhet Division of Bangladesh and the Barak Valley of the Indian state of Assam. This list also includes British Bangladeshis, Bangladeshi Americans, Bangladeshi Canadians, and other non-resident Bengalis who have origins in Greater Sylhet. The people may also be known as Sylheti.
Activism and cause célèbres
Abdul Muktadir, academician martyred in the Bangladesh Liberation War
Altab Ali, factory garment worker murdered by three teenagers in a racially motived attack on 4 May 1978.
Anudvaipayan Bhattacharya, university lecturer martyred in the Bangladesh Liberation War
Dia Chakravarty, political activist, singer, former political director of the TaxPayers' Alliance and editor of The Daily Telegraph.
Gurusaday Dutt, founder of the Bratachari movement
Jagat Joity Das, Mukti Bahini member killed in the Bangladesh Liberation War
Kakon Bibi, freedom fighter and secret agent in the Bangladesh Liberation War
Kamala Bhattacharya, student martyred in the Bengali Language Movement of the Barak Valley
Leela Roy, reformer and politician
Rawshan Ara Bachchu, woman rights activist and part of the Bengali language movement
Rubel Ahmed, died in Morton Hall immigration detention centre under controverted circumstances.
Sachindra Chandra Pal, student martyred in the Bengali Language Movement of the Barak Valley
Shamsuddin Ahmed, medical doctor martyred in the Bangladesh Liberation War
Sushil Sen, martyred in the Indian independence movement
Suhasini Das, social worker and activist
Syeda Shahar Banu, woman rights activist and part of the Bengali language movement
Zobeda Khanom Chowdhury, woman rights activist and part of the Bengali language movement
Art and design
Dhruba Esh, cover artist and writer
Jalal Ahmad, president of the Institute of Architects Bangladesh, vice-president of the Commonwealth Association of Architects
Saiman Miah, architectural and graphic designer, designed one of the two £5 commemorative coins for the 2012 Summer Olympics.
Business and industry
Abdul Latif, British restaurateur known for his dish "Curry Hell".
Ayub Ali Master, founder of the Shah Jalal Restaurant in London which became a hub for the British Asian community.
Bajloor Rashid MBE, businessman and former president of the Bangladesh Caterers Association UK.
Enam Ali, founder of the British Curry Awards, Spice Business Magazine and Ion TV
Fazle Hasan Abed KCMG – founder of the world's largest non-governmental organisation, BRAC
Foysol Choudhury MBE – Businessman, community activist and Chairman of Edinburgh and Lothians Regional Equality Council.
Iqbal Ahmed OBE – Entrepreneur and CEO of Seamark Group. In 2006, he became the highest British Bangladeshi to feature on the Sunday Times Rich List (listed at number 511). He has a net worth of $250 million.
James Leo Ferguson, tea industrialist and chairman of the Lakshmiprasad Union
Mahee Ferdous Jalil, founder of Channel S, owner of Prestige Auto Group and TV presenter.
Mamun Chowdhury – Businessman, and founder and co-director of London Tradition. In 2014, the company was awarded a Queen's Award for Enterprise for International Trade in recognition of its increase in sales.
Muquim Ahmed - Entrepreneur who became the first Bangladeshi millionaire at the age of 26 due to diversification in banking, travel, a chain of restaurants with the Cafe Naz group, publishing and property development.
Ragib Ali – Industrialist, pioneer tea-planter, educationalist, philanthropist and banker who has a net worth of $250 million.
Shah Abdul Majid Qureshi, first Sylheti to open a restaurant in the United Kingdom
Shelim Hussain - Founder of Euro Foods (UK)
Syed Ahmed - Candidate on BBC reality television programme The Apprentice
Syed Qudratullah Sattar, founder of Moulvibazar
Mohammad Ajman "Tommy" Miah MBE – Celebrity chef and restaurateur. In 1991, he founded the Indian Chef of the Year Competition.
Wali Tasar Uddin MBE – Entrepreneur, restaurateur, community leader and Chairman of the Bangladesh-British Chamber of Commerce.
Education and sciences
Aminul Hoque MBE, lecturer at Goldsmiths, University of London, writer
Govinda Chandra Dev, Professor of Philosophy at the University of Dhaka assassinated at the onset of the Bangladesh Liberation War by the Pakistan Army.
K M Baharul Islam, Dean of the Indian Institute of Management Kashipur
Mamun al-Mahtab, hepatologist
M. A. Rashid, first Vice-chancellor of Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology
Mohammad Ataul Karim, Provost and Executive Vice Chancellor of the University of Massachusetts Dartmouth
Muhammed Zafar Iqbal, physicist, writer and columnist
Najma Chowdhury, founder of the Women and Gender Studies department in the University of Dhaka, adviser to Caretaker Government of Bangladesh
Nurul Islam Nahid, former Education Minister of Bangladesh
Nurunnahar Fatema Begum, head of paediatric cardiology at the Combined Military Hospital (Dhaka)
Padmanath Bhattacharya Vidya Vinod, professor at Cotton University
Parvez Haris, biomedical science professor at De Montfort University
Ragib Ali, founder of Leading University, Jalalabad Ragib-Rabeya Medical College and the University of Asia Pacific
Sadruddin Ahmed Chowdhury, physicist and vice-chancellor of Shahjalal University of Science and Technology and Sylhet International University
Sasanka Chandra Bhattacharyya, natural product chemist and director of Bose Institute, Kolkata
Shafi Ahmed, surgeon and entrepreneur
Sudhansu Datta Majumdar, physicist and faculty member of the Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
Sundari Mohan Das, founder principal of Calcutta National Medical College
Syed Manzoorul Islam, critic, writer, former professor of Dhaka University
National Professors of Bangladesh
Abdul Malik, Brigadier (rtd.), founder of National Heart Foundation
Dewan Mohammad Azraf, teacher, author, politician
Jamilur Reza Choudhury, vice-chancellor of University of Asia Pacific, adviser to Caretaker Government of Bangladesh
Rangalal Sen, academician and writer
Shahla Khatun, obstetrician and gynecologist
Economists
Abul Maal Abdul Muhith, former Finance Minister of Bangladesh
B. B. Bhattacharya, professor and Director of the Institute of Economic Growth in Delhi
Mohammed Farashuddin, 7th Governor of Bangladesh Bank, founder of East West University
Mrinal Datta Chaudhuri, theoretical economist, academic and professor of the Delhi School of Economics
Saifur Rahman, longest serving Finance Minister of Bangladesh and a leader of BNP
Shah A M S Kibria, economist, diplomat and former executive secretary of the United Nations' ESCAP
Shegufta Bakht Chaudhuri, 4th Governor of Bangladesh Bank
Entertainment
Adnan Faruque, actor, presenter, model and YouTuber
Afshan Azad, actress best known for the role of Padma Patil in Harry Potter
Ali Shahalom, comedian and television presenter
Azim, actor best known for the role of Rahim Badshah in Rupban
Bibhash Chakraborty, theatre personality and actor
Helal Khan, film actor and producer
Islah Abdur-Rahman, film director, actor and screenwriter
Khaled Choudhury, theatre personality and artist
Khalil Ullah Khan, film and TV actor
Marjana Chowdhury, a Beauty pageant residing in the United States
Nadiya Hussain, columnist, chef, author and TV personality best known for winning the baking competition The Great British Bake Off
Niranjan Pal, playwright, director and founding member of Bombay Talkies
Raihan Rafi, film director and screenwriter
Ruhul Amin, film director
Salman Shah, film actor
Shefali Chowdhury, actress best known for the role of Parvati Patil in Harry Potter
Families
Abaqati family, Uttar Pradeshi family who had jagirs in Sylhet
Maulvi family of Jitu Miah, Sheikhghat, Sylhet town
Mazumdars of Sylhet, Nawabs and Qanungoh of Barshala/Gorduar/Mazumdari, Sylhet
Pal family, a former ruling family of Panchakhanda, Beanibazar
Nawabs of Prithimpassa, founded by Sakhi Salamat Isfahani
Sareqaum, custodians of Shah Jalal's dargah complex, founded by Haji Yusuf
Zamindars of Kanihati, founded by Shah Jalal's companion, Shah Halim ad-Din
Journalism
Altaf Husain, 1st editor-in-chief of Pakistan's oldest, leading and most widely read English-language newspaper, Dawn and former Industry Minister of Pakistan
Hasina Momtaz, former press officer for the Mayor of London
Hassan Shahriar, journalist
Lenin Gani, senior member of the Bangladesh Sports Journalists Association
Rizwan Hussain, TV presenter, philanthropist, humanitarian aid worker, barrister and former CEO of Global Aid Trust
Rizwana Hasan, attorney, Hero of the Environment and winner of the Goldman Environmental Prize and Ramon Magsaysay Award
Salah Choudhury, editor of Weekly Blitz
Shamim Chowdhury, TV and print journalist for Al Jazeera English
Sirajul Hossain Khan, editor of Pakistan Times and the Eastern News Agency.
Syed Mohammad Ali, founder of The Daily Star - the largest circulating daily English-language newspaper in Bangladesh.
Syed Nahas Pasha, journalist and editor of Janomot and Curry Life
Tharik Hussain, journalist and broadcaster. His documentary America's Mosques won an award for the World's Best Religious Program at the NYFF Radio Programs Awards.
Legal
Abdul Moshabbir, lawyer and politician
Knight Bachelor Akhlaq Choudhury, first Muslim at the British High Court of Justice
Irene Khan, seventh Secretary General of Amnesty International, Director-General of the International Development Law Organization
Khatun Sapnara, judge and first non-white to be elected to the Family Law Bar Association Committee. In 2006, she was appointed as a Recorder of the Crown, which made her the only person of Bangladeshi origin in a senior judicial position.
Shohid Ali, advocate
Literature
Abdur Rouf Choudhury, writer
Abed Chaudhury, Bangladeshi-Australian geneticist and science writer
Achyut Charan Choudhury, writer and historian
Arun Kumar Chanda, freedom fighter, social worker, writer and editor of the Saptak
Asaddor Ali, writer and researcher of Sylheti folk literature
Ashraf Hussain, poet, writer, researcher of folk literature
Chowdhury Gulam Akbar, writer and collector of Bengali folk literature for the Bangla Academy
Dilwar Khan, poet known as Gonomanusher Kobi (Poet of the mass people)
Dwijen Sharma, naturalist and science writer
Gurusaday Dutt, folklorist
Hason Raja, minstrel and writer of mystical songs
Ibrahim Ali Tashna, poet, Islamic scholar and activist
Ismail Alam, Urdu poet and activist
Mufti Nurunnessa Khatun, writer, academic, and botanist
Muhammad Mojlum Khan, non-fiction writer best known for The Muslim 100
Muhammad Nurul Haque, cultural activist, social worker and writer
Sadeq Ali, writer, poet and judge best known for the Halat-un-Nabi puthi
Shahida Rahman, author and publisher
Syed Mujtaba Ali, author, journalist, travel enthusiast, academician, scholar and linguist.
Syed Murtaza Ali, writer and historian
Syed Pir Badshah, Persian-language writer
Syed Rayhan ad-Din, celebrated Persian-language writer
Syed Shah Israil, considered to be Sylhet's first author
Syed Sultan, wrote the first Prophetic biography in Bengali in 16th century
Military
Anwarul Momen, general officer commanding 17th Infantry Division
Ashab Uddin, major general and ambassador to Kuwait and Yemen
Hasan Mashhud Chowdhury, 11th Chief of Army Staff of the Bangladesh Army
Ismail Faruque Chowdhury, engineer-in-chief of the Bangladesh Army
Bangabir M. A. G. Osmani, Supreme Commander of the Mukti Bahini
Mahbub Ali Khan, Bangladesh Navy rear admiral and the Chief of Naval Staff
Mahmudur Rahman Majumdar, Bangladesh Army brigadier, formerly the most senior ethnic Bengali in the Pakistan Army
Mohammad Abdur Rab, 1st Chief of Army Staff of the Bangladesh Army, Major general during the Bangladesh Liberation War
Muhammad Ghulam Tawab, Bangladesh's second Chief of Air Staff
Nurul Huq, second temporary chief of Bangladesh Navy
Prince Garuda of Gour, fought against the Muslims during the Conquest of Sylhet
Syed Mohammad Ziaul Haque, Bangladesh Army officer and fugitive
Syed Nasiruddin – Sipah Salar of Shamsuddin Firoz Shah
Monarchs and rulers
Chronological list of articles:
Gangadhwaj Govardhan, 20th king of the Gour Kingdom
Madan Rai, penultimate minister of Gour
Amar Singh, military general and short-lasted minister of Brahmachal under Govardhan
Jaidev Rai, governor of Brahmachal (southern Sylhet) under Tripura Kingdom
Gour Govinda, final king of the Gour Kingdom, defeated in the Conquest of Sylhet
Mona Rai, final minister of Gour
Sikandar Khan Ghazi, first wazir of Srihat
Haydar Ghazi, second wazir of Srihat
Muqabil Khan, wazir of Srihat in 1440
Khurshid Khan, minister of Srihat, constructed numerous mosques
Majlis Alam, dastur of Srihat, constructed numerous mosques
Sarwar Khan, Nawab of Sylhet after Gawhar Khan
Mir Khan, Nawab and Qanungoh of Sylhet
Bayazid of Sylhet, Baro-Bhuyan Afghan chieftain who ruled over North Sylhet
Muhammad Sani, Manipur migrant
Khwaja Usman, Baro-Bhuyan Afghan chieftain who ruled over South Sylhet
Mubariz Khan, Mughal sardar of Sylhet, fought against many Baro-Bhuiyan chieftains
Mukarram Khan, Mughal sardar of Sylhet who would later become Subahdar of Bengal
Mirak Bahadur Jalair, Mughal sardar of Sylhet
Sulayman Banarsi, Mughal co-sardar of Sylhet, governed over southern parts of Sylhet
Lutfullah Shirazi, Mughal faujdar of Sylhet from 1658 to 1665
Isfandiyar Khan, Mughal faujdar of Sylhet
Syed Ibrahim Khan, Mughal faujdar of Sylhet
Jan Muhammad Khan, Mughal faujdar of Sylhet
Mahafata Khan, Mughal faujdar of Sylhet
Farhad Khan, most well-known Mughal faujdar of Sylhet
Sadeq Khan, Mughal faujdar of Sylhet
Inayetullah Khan, Mughal faujdar of Sylhet and founder of Inatganj
Rafiullah Khan, Mughal faujdar of Sylhet
Ahmad Majid, Mughal faujdar of Sylhet
Abdullah Shirazi, Mughal faujdar of Sylhet and mosque builder
Robert Lindsay, 4th superintendent and 1st collector of Sylhet from 1778 to 1790
Ganar Khan, last faujdar of Sylhet
Music and dance
Alaur Rahman, singer and music teacher
Amina Khayyam, dancer and choreographer
Bidit Lal Das, folk singer and composer
Debojit Saha, playback singer
Fuad al Muqtadir, musician, singer and songwriter
Gouri Choudhury, music teacher
Kalika Prasad Bhattacharya, folk singer
Mumzy Stranger, singer, producer and lyricist
Radharaman Dutta, lyricist and composer of folk and traditional dhamail
Ramkanai Das, classical and folk musician
Rowshanara Moni, singer and actress
Runa Laila, playback singer
Sanjeeb Chowdhury, singer and journalist
Shah Abdul Karim, minstrel and folk songwriter
Shapla Salique, singer and harmonium player
Shushama Das, folk musician
Shuvro Dev, playback singer
Subir Nandi, playback singer
Politics and government
Bangladesh
Abdus Shahid, former chief whip for Bangladesh Awami League
Ariful Haque Choudhury, Mayor of Sylhet
Badar Uddin Ahmed Kamran, former Mayor of Sylhet
C. M. Shafi Sami, former Bangladeshi diplomat
Hafiz Ahmed Mazumder, chairman of Bangladesh Red Crescent Society, Pubali Bank Board of Directors and founder of Scholarshome
Humayun Rashid Choudhury, former speaker of the Jatiya Sangsad, 41st President of the UN General Assembly
Ilias Ali, Organizing Secretary of the Bangladesh National Party
Mifta Uddin Chowdhury Rumi, vice-president of Bangladesh Nationalist Party-Sunamganj
Shafiqur Rahman, Amir of Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami
Syed Muazzem Ali, foreign service officer, high commissioner and career diplomat
Chief Justices
J. R. Mudassir Husain, 14th Chief Justice of Bangladesh
Mahmudul Amin Choudhury, 11th Chief Justice of Bangladesh
Surendra Kumar Sinha, 21st Chief Justice of Bangladesh
Syed A. B. Mahmud Hossain, 2nd Chief Justice of Bangladesh
Local
Abdul Hakeem Chowdhury, East Pakistan Provincial council and National Assembly
Abdul Majid Khan, former MP for Habiganj-2
Abdul Matin, former MP for Moulvibazar-2
Abdul Munim Chowdhury, former MP for Habiganj-1
Abdul Muqit Khan, former MP for Sylhet-3
Abdul Jabbar, former MP for the erstwhile Sylhet-13 constituency
Abdul Qahir Chowdhury, former MP for Sylhet-5
Abdur Raees, East Pakistan Provincial council and National Assembly
Abdur Rahim, former MP for Sylhet-6
Abu Lais Md. Mubin Chowdhury, former MP for Habiganj-3
Abu Zahir, former MP for Habiganj-3
Abul Hasnat Md. Abdul Hai, former member of the Jatiya Sangsad
AKM Gouach Uddin, former MP for Sylhet-6
Ameena Begum Shafiq, doctor and Jamaat-e-Islami politician
Barun Roy, former MP for Sunamganj-1
Dewan Farid Gazi, former leader of Habiganj-1
Dildar Hossain Selim, former MP for Sylhet-4
Enamul Haque Chowdhury, former MP for Sylhet-2
Fatema Chowdhury Paru, BNP politician
Gazi Mohammad Shahnawaz, MP for Habiganj-1
Harris Chowdhury, former MP for Sylhet-5
Ismat Ahmed Chowdhury, MP for Habiganj-1
Joya Sengupta, politician and doctor
Khalilur Rahman Chowdhury, MP for Habiganj-1
Khandaker Abdul Malik, former MP for Sylhet-1
Lutfur Rahman, former MP for Sylhet-6
Mahmud Us Samad Chowdhury, former MP for Sylhet-3
Mahbub Ali, former MP for Habiganj-4
Maqsood Ebne Aziz Lama, former MP for Sylhet-2
MM Shahin, former MP for Moulvibazar-2
Moazzem Hossain Ratan, former MP for Sunamganj-1
Mokabbir Khan, MP for Sylhet-2
Mohibur Rahman Manik, former MP for Sunamganj-5
Najmul Hasan Zahed, former MP for Habiganj-2
Naser Rahman, former MP for Moulvibazar-3 and chairman of the Saifur Rahman Foundation
Nawab Ali Abbas Khan, Jatiya Party politician and three-time MP for Moulvibazar-2
Nazim Kamran Choudhury, former MP
Pir Fazlur Rahman, former MP for Sunamganj-4
Salim Uddin, former MP for Sylhet-5
Shafi Ahmed Chowdhury, former MP for Sylhet-3
Shah Azizur Rahman, former MP for Sylhet-2
Sharaf Uddin Khashru, former MP for Sylhet-6
Sheikh Sujat Mia, former MP for Habiganj-1
Sultan Mohammad Mansur Ahmed, member of Jatiya Sangsad and previously vice-president of Dhaka University Central Students' Union
Syed Makbul Hossain, former MP for Sylhet-6
Syeda Saira Mohsin, former MP for Moulvibazar-3
Yahya Chowdhury, former MP for Sylhet-2
Ministers
Abdul Haque, former Land Administration and Reforms Minister
Abdul Mannan, Minister of Planning
Abdus Samad Azad, former Foreign Minister of Bangladesh
AK Abdul Momen, Minister of Foreign Affairs
Enamul Haque Mostafa Shahid, former Minister of Social Welfare
Imran Ahmad, Minister of Expatriates' Welfare and Overseas Employment
Mukhlesur Rahman Chowdhury, former Adviser to President Iajuddin Ahmed
Shamsher M. Chowdhury, Bangladeshi diplomat and former secretary of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Shahab Uddin, Minister of Environment, Forest and Climate Change
Suranjit Sengupta, former Minister of Railways
Syed Mohsin Ali, former Minister of Social Welfare
Tawfiq-e-Elahi Chowdhury, energy adviser to the Prime Minister of Bangladesh
Rasheda K Chowdhury, primary and mass education adviser to the Caretaker Government led by Fakhruddin Ahmed
British India
Abdul Matlib Mazumdar, freedom fighter and political leader known for retaining the Barak Valley in India
Bipin Chandra Pal, Indian nationalist, one third of the Lal Bal Pal triumvirate
Nawab Ali Haider Khan, 9th Nawab of Longla, minister and leader of the Independent Muslim Party
Syed Abdul Majid CIE, first native minister of Assam, pioneer of the agricultural industry
Pakistan
Abdul Hamid, member of the 1st National Assembly of Pakistan
Abdul Khaleque Ahmed, member of the 3rd National Assembly of Pakistan
Abdul Matin Chaudhary, member of the 1st National Assembly of Pakistan
Abdul Muntaquim Chaudhury, member of the 3rd National Assembly of Pakistan
Aftab Ali, founder of All-India Seamen's Federation and vice-president of All-India Trade Union Congress
Ajmal Ali, member of the 4th National Assembly of Pakistan
Akhay Kumar Das, member of the 1st National Assembly of Pakistan
Basanta Kumar Das, member of the 2nd National Assembly of Pakistan
Begum Serajunnessa Choudhury, member of the 3rd National Assembly of Pakistan
Mahmud Ali, Freedom Movement leader, statesman
Mohammad Keramat Ali, entrepreneur, philanthropist and politician
Mushahid Ahmad Bayampuri, member of the 3rd National Assembly of Pakistan
Ibrahim Ali Tashna, poet, Islamic scholar and activist
Muazzam Ahmed Choudhury, member of the 4th National Assembly of Pakistan
Muhammad Amin, member of the 3rd National Assembly of Pakistan
Murtaza Raza Choudhry, member of the 1st National Assembly of Pakistan
Qamarul Ahsan, member of the 3rd National Assembly of Pakistan
India
A. F. Golam Osmani, Indian National Congress member
Amar Chand Jain, Bharatiya Janata Party politician
Anwar Hussain Laskar, All India United Democratic Front politician
Ashab Uddin, member of the Manipur Legislative Assembly
Ataur Rahman Mazarbhuiya, All India United Democratic Front politician
Azad Zaman, member of the Meghalaya Legislative Assembly
Aziz Ahmed Khan, former MLA of Karimganj South
Bijoy Malakar, MLA of Ratabari
Chittendra Nath Mazumder, Bharatiya Janata Party politician
Dilip Kumar Paul, Bharatiya Janata Party politician
Dwarka Nath Das, Bharatiya Janata Party politician
Hazi Salim Uddin Barbhuiya, MLA of Hailakandi
Kabindra Purkayastha, senior leader of Bharatiya Janata Party in Assam
Kali Ranjan Deb, Bharatiya Janata Party politician
Kamalakhya Dey Purkayastha, former MLA of Karimganj North
Karnendu Bhattacharjee, Indian National Congress member
Kartik Sena Sinha, Bharatiya Janata Party politician
Kripanath Mallah, Bharatiya Janata Party politician
Krishnendu Paul, MLA of Patharkandi
Lalit Mohan Suklabaidya, Indian National Congress member
Madhusudhan Tiwari, former MLA of Patharkandi (1991-1996)
Mission Ranjan Das, Bharatiya Janata Party politician
Moinul Hoque Choudhury, five-time MLA, two-time UN General Assembly representative and Minister of Industrial Development
Nepal Chandra Das, Indian National Congress member
Nihar Ranjan Laskar, Indian National Congress member
Parimal Suklabaidya, Bharatiya Janata Party politician
Radheshyam Biswas, All India United Democratic Front politician
Rajdeep Roy, Bharatiya Janata Party politician
Ramapayare Rabidas, Bharatiya Janata Party politician
Rashida Haque Choudhury, former Minister of State of Social Welfare
Sambhu Sing Mallah, Bharatiya Janata Party politician
Santosh Mohan Dev, former cabinet minister of the Government of India and 7-time Member of Parliament from Silchar, Assam and Tripura South.
Satyabrata Mookherjee, former Minister of State
Shukhendu Shekhar Dutta, former MLA of Patharkandi
Siddique Ahmed, MLA of Karimganj South
Subodh Das, MP for Panisagar
Surendra Kumar Dey, first Union Cabinet minister for Cooperation and Panchayati raj
Sushmita Dev, President of the All India Mahila Congress
Suzam Uddin Laskar, All India United Democratic Front politician
Tathagata Roy, controversial right-wing Hindutva associate
West
Anwar Choudhury, The British High Commissioner for Bangladesh between 2004 and 2008. He is currently the Director of International Institutions at the Foreign & Commonwealth Office.
Apsana Begum, first Hijabi to be elected as an MP for the British parliament
Doly Begum, Canadian politician
Gaus Khan, president of the United Kingdom Awami League
Hansen Clarke, former congressman of MI 13
Lutfur Rahman, the first directly elected mayor of Tower Hamlets and the first Bangladeshi leader of the council.
Nadia Shah, former Mayor of Camden. The first female mayor in the United Kingdom of Bangladeshi origin.
Nasim Ali OBE, former Mayor of Camden. He became UK's youngest mayor as well as the first Bangladeshi and first Muslim mayor.
Rabina Khan, councillor for Shadwell and former Housing Cabinet member in Tower Hamlets
Rushanara Ali, first Bangladeshi to be elected as an MP for the British parliament
Religion and spirituality
Islam
Abdul Latif Chowdhury Fultali, Islamic scholar and founder of the Fultali movement
Shaikh-e-Fulbari Abdul Matin Chowdhury, a religious scholar and political activist
Abu Hena Saiful Islam, US Navy's imam
Ajmal Masroor, imam, TV presenter and politician
Ali Sher Bengali, 16th-century Sufi saint of the Shattari order
Athar Ali, Deobandi scholar, author and founder of the Nizam-e-Islam party
Farid Uddin Chowdhury, former MP for Sylhet-5
Ibrahim Ali Tashna, Islamic scholar, poet and activist
Ibrahim Danishmand, zamindar and Sufi scholar
Muhammad Arshad, 16th-century Persian-language scholar
Mushahid Ahmad Bayampuri, Islamic scholar and parliamentarian
Najib Ali Choudhury, founder of the Madinatul Uloom Bagbari, the first madrasa in the Greater Sylhet region
Nur Uddin Gohorpuri, chairman of Befaqul Madarisil Arabia Bangladesh
Nurul Islam Olipuri, mufassir and teacher
Obaidul Haque Wazirpuri, former president of Befaqul Madarisil Arabia Bangladesh
Saiful Islam, founder of Bradford's Jamiah Khatamun Nabiyeen
Tafazzul Haque Habiganji, former vice-president of Hefazat-e-Islam and Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam
Ubaidul Haq, former khatib of Baitul Mukarram
Zia Uddin, president of Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam Bangladesh
Zohurul Hoque, doctor and translator of the Qur'an
Shah Jalal's disciples
Shah Jalal, Sufi saint associated with spreading Islam to Sylhet
Ghazi Burhanuddin, considered to be Sylhet's first Muslim
Haji Muhammad Yusuf, first custodian of Shah Jalal's dargah
Adam Khaki, associated with spreading Islam to Badarpur
Aziz Chishti, companion of Shah Jalal
Khanda Jhokmok, companion of Shah Jalal
Shah Gabru, associated with spreading Islam to Osmani Nagar
Shah Halim ad-Din Narnauli, associated with spreading Islam to Kanihati
Shah Kamal Quhafa, late disciple of Shah Jalal
Shah Malum, associated with spreading Islam to Fenchuganj
Shah Mustafa, associated with spreading Islam to Moulvibazar
Shah Paran, early disciple and nephew of Shah Jalal
Shah Ruknuddin, associated with spreading Islam to Rajnagar
Shah Siddiq, associated with spreading Islam to Osmanpur
Shah Tajuddin, associated with spreading Islam to Tajpur
Syed Yaqub, associated with spreading Islam to Barlekha
Other
Agha Muhammad Reza - Claimed to be the Mahdi and twelfth imam, engaged in battles against the East India Company and Kachari Kingdom
Krishna Chaitanya - Hindu mystic
Shantidas Adhikari, associated with spreading Hinduism to Manipur
Sports
Bangladesh
Cricket
Abu Jayed Rahi, cricketer
Abul Hasan, cricketer
A. K. M. Mahmood, cricketer
Ahmed Sadequr, cricketer for Sylhet Division
Alok Kapali, Bangladesh
Ardhendu Das, cricketer for Bengal (1934-1942)
Ebadot Hossain, cricketer for Bangladesh
Enamul Haque Jr, Bangladesh
Hasibul Hossain, cricketer for Sylhet Division
Henry Plowden, cricketer
Imtiaz Hossain, cricketer
Nasirul Alam, cricketer for Sylhet Division
Nasum Ahmed, cricketer for Bangladesh
Nazmul Hossain, Bangladesh
Punya Datta, cricketer for Bengal and Cambridge University
Rahatul Ferdous, cricketer
Rajin Saleh, cricketer for Bangladesh
Rezaul Haque, cricketer for Sylhet Division
Sayem Alam, cricketer for Sylhet Division
Shahanur Rahman, cricketer for Sylhet Division
Shanaj Ahmed, cricketer for Sylhet Division
Tapash Baisya, cricketer for Bangladesh
Football
Alfaz Ahmed, former footballer for Bangladesh
Hamza Choudhury, midfielder for English football club Leicester City F.C.
Kaiser Hamid, former footballer for Mohammedan SC
Mahbubur Rahman Sufil, footballer and captain of Arambagh KS
Yeamin Ahmed Chowdhury Munna, footballer for Chittagong Abahani
Other
Abdul Ali Jacko, two-time world lightweight kick-boxing champion
Bulbul Hussain, wheelchair rugby player for Kent Crusaders and the Great Britain Paralympic team
Rani Hamid, chess master, awarded the FIDE Woman International Master (WIM) title in 1985
Ramnath Biswas, soldier and writer best known for circumnavigating the globe by bicycle.
Ruqsana Begum – 2010 female atomweight Muay Thai kickboxing champion and nominated captain of the British Muay Thai Team.
India
Pritam Das, cricketer
Ketaki Prasad Dutta, former president of the District Sports Association, Karimganj
Fictional characters
Ameera Khatun (played by Manjinder Virk in Call the Midwife)
Avell (played by Sayfuz Ali in Badman)
Ayub Mohammed (played by Shahnewaz Jake in Call the Midwife)
Faizal's mother (played by Nina Wadia in Corner Shop Show)
Faruk Khatun (played by Abhisek Singh in Call the Midwife)
Farzina Mohammed (played by Salma Hoque in Call the Midwife)
Jahangeer Bruiser (played by Sayfuz Ali in Corner Shop Show)
Malik Begum, the main protagonist of the British web series Corner Shop Show played by Islah Abdur-Rahman
Rahul Mohammed (played by Ahaan Gupta in Call the Midwife)
Saleem Akbar Chowdhury Shamsul Haque (played by Ali Shahalom in Corner Shop Show)
Samad Miah (played by Ameet Chana in Corner Shop Show)
Zaki (played by Islah Abdur-Rahman in Man Like Mobeen)
References
Lists of Bangladeshi people
Lists of people by ethnicity
Bengal
Lists of Bangladeshi people by district |
20460741 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troy%20Tate | Troy Tate | Troy Tate is an English musician and record producer who was a member of several bands including The Teardrop Explodes and Fashion as well as working as a solo artist, for which he is best known for the single "Love Is ..."
Biography
Born in Liverpool, England, Tate's first band was the Cheltenham-based punk rock band Index, who released one single, "Jet Lag" c/w "Total Bland" in 1978. He moved on to join former members of The Rezillos in the band Shake, recording two singles with this band. In 1981, he first recorded as a solo artist, releasing the "Thomas" single on the RCA label Why-Fi. He joined The Teardrop Explodes in late 1980, replacing Alan Gill on guitar, and playing on the Wilder album. While with the band, he continued his solo career, releasing "Lifeline" in 1982. He left The Teardrop Explodes, and joined Fashion in October 1982, leaving in 1983 when he signed to Rough Trade Records, for whom he debuted that year with "Love Is ...".
Tate moved on to Sire Records in 1984, who issued a remixed version of "Thomas", which was followed by his debut solo album, Ticket to the Dark the same year. The album featured contributions from former-Rezillos and Shake drummer Ali Paterson, former-Teardrop Explodes member David Balfe, Nicky Holland, Virginia Astley and Rolo McGinty of The Woodentops, and was described by Trouser Press as "an exceptionally good record". A second album, Liberty, followed in 1985, which proved to be Tate's swansong.
The Smiths - The Troy Tate Sessions
When The Smiths (also on Rough Trade) were looking for a producer for their debut album, Tate was chosen; although after the album was recorded, the band decided to reject these recordings and re-record the album with producer John Porter. The original version of the album is widely known as The Troy Tate Sessions and has only been released on bootlegs. "Jeane" from these sessions was released as the B-side of the "This Charming Man" single, and the version of "Pretty Girls Make Graves" was the B-side to "Last Night I Dreamt That Somebody Loved Me". Tate's version of "Reel Around the Fountain" had been scheduled for release as a single in 1983, a disc of which was included in a collectors edition of Complete in 2011.
Solo discography
Albums
Ticket to the Dark (1984) Sire
Liberty (1985) Sire
Singles
"Thomas" (1981) Why-Fi
"Lifeline" (1982) Why-Fi
"Love Is ..." (1983) Rough Trade
"Thomas" (1984) Sire
"Sorrow" (1985) Sire
References
External links
Sinclair, Mick (1981) Troy Tate Feature, Sounds, August 1981
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
English new wave musicians
English male singer-songwriters
English rock guitarists
Musicians from Liverpool
The Teardrop Explodes members |
20460751 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Five%20Mysteries%20Program | The Five Mysteries Program | The Five Mysteries Program is an audience participation radio series broadcast on the Mutual Broadcasting System August 10, 1947 – March 27, 1950. In 1947-48 it aired on Sundays at 2 p.m.
Such mysteries were produced and syndicated (1945-48) to individual local radio stations as a "barter-trade" program to sell advertising to local merchants or trade the advertising announcements for goods, services or premiums, such as prizes awarded to listeners in radio station contests or promotions. To facilitate personalizing the shows to individual stations and insert the local ads, the producers put musical interludes in the shows with enough time for a local announcer to introduce the episode, present the advertiser's message and wrap things up with other local information.
Each 30-minute episode featured five mini-mysteries dramatized with actors, organ music and sound effects. Solutions to each mystery were then suggested by a panel of listeners and studio guests. The panelists sometimes shared a common background; for example, on the April 14, 1949 program, the amateur sleuths were gas industry officials.
Cast members included Jackson Beck, Staats Cotsworth, Michael Fitzmaurice, Timmy Hyler, Abby Lewis, Frank Lovejoy and Ian MacAllister. Organist Rosa Rio provided the music.
While the premise was simple, the mysteries were well written, requiring some thought to come up with the right answer. Similar to the Ellery Queen's Minute Mysteries, one listened to the story, evaluated the clues, and at the conclusion, matched wits with the sleuths to correctly identify the suspect. It was one of the few interactive radio shows.
References
American game shows
1940s American radio programs
American radio dramas
1940s American game shows
1950s American game shows
Mutual Broadcasting System programs |
20460767 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/10%3A10%20%28film%29 | 10:10 (film) | 10:10 () is a 2008 Bengali comedy film directed by Arin Paul. It features Soumitra Chatterjee, Kanchan Mullick, Claudia Ciesla, Subrata Dutta, Aparajita Ghosh Das and Abir Chatterjee.
Production
The movie was released on 28 November 2008. 10:10 is a comedy set in Calcutta. 10:10 is also the debut film of its director (Arin Paul), lead actors (Chirasree Singha Roy & Ahmed), cinematographer (Basab Mullik), music director (Drono Acharya), editor (Aravinda Dasgupta) and a few others.
Plot
Durgaprasad an aged don wants to be a more successful don and would like to be in the league of Dawood Ibrahim who he considers to be his idol. To keep him company at all times he has two sidekicks in the form of Montu Singh and Jhantu Singh and Montu of the very shrill voice and loves to play with toy guns. Durgarasad's daughter Ranjita is in love with Aparatim a struggling actor. Ranjita has a couple of friends who are journalists and wants to do a story about the underworld and the underworld dons of the city. One of the friends asks Ranjita to help her write a story on Durgaprasad as he lives in Ranjita's lane. Meanwhile, Durgaprasad's outgoing calls are barred and he sends Montu with 50,000 rupees, the outstanding amount to the shop to clear his bills so that he can again start receiving calls. Montu pays the amount, but misplaces Durgaprasad's number by a single digit and so the entire number is credited to the amount account of Apratim. Durgaprasad is furious that his phone is still not working and likes Montu and goes to the shop to find out exactly what happened. He learns that his number is misplaced and the amount has been credited to Apratim though he is unaware of his real identity. His men threaten Apratim and tells him to repay the money or otherwise they will finish him. Ranjita tells her friends about her father's real identity. Her friends decide to take the help of the rival don Muktadhara to face Durgaprasad. Durgaprasad decides to finish off Apratim the next day, but he has an unpleasant dream at night and he wakes up the next day at 10:10, the time at which he was supposed to bump off Apratim and turns a new leaf.
Cast
Soumitra Chatterjee as Durgaprasad
Subrat Dutta as Aparatim
Aparajita Ghosh Das as Ranjita
Claudia Ciesla as Serin
Kanchan Mullick as Montu
Abir Chatterjee as Abhishek
Parambrata Chatterjee - Guest appearance
Soundtrack
Drono Acharya composed the film's songs and Ritam Sen, Sandip Chakrabarty, Padmanabha Dasgupta, Rana Basu Thakur and Rangeet wrote the lyrics.
References
External links
Preview in The Telegraph, Calcutta
Morpheus Media Ventures
2008 films
2000s Bengali-language films
2008 comedy films
Indian comedy films
Films set in Kolkata
Indian films
2008 directorial debut films |
20460818 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy%20Heinrich | Roy Heinrich | Roy Heinrich, born Elroy Paul Heinrich, Jr., July 31, 1953, is a country music singer and songwriter born in Houston, Texas. Heinrich began singing Country music in Los Angeles in 1989. After moving to Austin, Texas in the fall of 1992, Heinrich has established himself as Roots/Honky Tonk Country Music artist. He has participated in Austin's South by Southwest music festivals for several years.
Discography
Albums
After All This Time, 1993 CD
Listen To Your Heart, 1996 CD
Smokey Night in a Bar, 1999 CD
Playin' Favorites, 2002 CD
All Night All Day, 2008 CD
External links
Roy Heinrich
American country singer-songwriters
1953 births
Living people |
20460820 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxspring%20railway%20station | Oxspring railway station | Oxspring railway station was a short lived station built by the Sheffield, Ashton-under-Lyne and Manchester Railway to serve the village of Oxspring, South Yorkshire, England. The station opened on 5 December 1845 but due to cost-cutting measures it was closed, along with Dog Lane, Hazelhead and Thurgoland, on 5 November 1847.
References
Dow, George. "Geat Central Volume 1" (The Progenitors, 1813 - 1865)
"A Railway Chronology of the Sheffield Area", Edited by Richard V. Proctor, Sheffield City Libraries, 1975.
Disused railway stations in Barnsley
Woodhead Line
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1845
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1847 |
20460821 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel%20Kamakau | Samuel Kamakau | Samuel Mānaiakalani Kamakau (October 29, 1815 – September 5, 1876) was a Hawaiian historian and scholar. His work appeared in local newspapers and was later compiled into books, becoming an invaluable resource on the Hawaiian people, Hawaiian culture, and Hawaiian language while they were disappearing.
Along with David Malo and John Papa ʻĪʻī, Kamakau is considered one of Hawaii's greatest historians, and his contributions to the preservation of Hawaiian history have been honored throughout the State of Hawaii.
Life
Kamakau was born in Mokulēia, Waialua on the North Shore of the island of Oahu. He traveled to the island of Maui and enrolled at Lahainaluna Seminary in 1833, where he became a student of Reverend Sheldon Dibble. Dibble instructed Kamakau and other students to collect and preserve information on the Hawaiian culture, language, and people. To further this goal, Kamakau helped form the first Hawaiian historical society in 1841. According to Kamakau:
A society was started at Lahainaluna according to the desire of the teachers. As the people of Alebione (Albion) had their British history and read about the Saxons and William, so the Hawaiians should read their history...The King said he thought the history of all the islands should be preserved from first to last.
Known as the Royal Hawaiian Historical Society, members included King Kamehameha III, John Young, Timothy Haalilio, David Malo, Dwight Baldwin, William Richards, Sheldon Dibble, Kamakau and others. Elected officials included president Kamehameha III, vice-president William Richards, secretary Sheldon Dibble, and treasurer Samuel Kamakau. The society disbanded after the capital of the Kingdom of Hawaii moved from Lahaina on the island of Maui to Honolulu, Oahu in 1845.
Kamakau married S. Hainakolo and moved to his wife's hometown of Kīpahulu. Their daughter, Kukelani Kaaapookalani, was born in December 1862, after which the couple moved to Oahu.
In 1860 Kamakau converted to Roman Catholicism from Congregational Protestantism.
From 1866 to 1871, Kamakau wrote a series of newspaper articles about Hawaiian culture and history: "Ka Moolelo o Kamehameha I", a history of Kamehameha I; "Ka Moolelo o Nā Kamehameha", a history of the House of Kamehameha; and "Ka Moolelo Hawaii", a history of Hawaii. The articles were published in the Hawaiian language newspapers, Ke Au Okoa and Ka Nūpepa Kūokoa. Kamakau has served as a district judge in Wailuku, Maui and was a legislator for the Hawaiian Kingdom. From 1851 to 1860 he represented Maui in the House of Representatives, and from 1870 to 1876 represented Oahu.
He died at his home in Honolulu on September 5, 1876, and was buried in the Maemae Chapel Cemetery in Nuuanu Valley.
Legacy
On October 29, 1994, the Hawaii & Pacific Section in the Hawaii State Library was named the "Samuel Manaiakalani Kamakau Room" in honor of Kamakau's legacy as a "great Hawaiian historian who also served his community as an outstanding writer, scholar, jurist, and legislator." In 2000, a Hawaiian immersion school in Kāneʻohe, Oahu recognized Kamakau's contributions by naming their school Ke Kula o Samuel M. Kamakau. The Hawaii Book Publishers Association's annual Ka Palapala Pookela ("excellent manuscript") competition presents the Samuel M. Kamakau Award for the best Hawaii Book of the Year.
In 2005, the Hawaii State Legislature passed H.R. No. 55, declaring October 29, 2005 "Samuel Manaiakalani Kamakau Day":
WHEREAS, SAMUEL MANAIAKALANI KAMAKAU, born October 29, 1815, in Mokuleia, Waialua, Oahu, has been noted by many as one of Hawaii's greatest historians of Hawaiian culture and heritage; and
WHEREAS, as a noted writer, SAMUEL MANAIAKALANI KAMAKAU authored books in Hawaiian that would later be translated by esteemed organizations such as the Bishop Museum and Kamehameha Schools, for future generations to learn from; and
WHEREAS, by his actions and through his passion for accurately recording native Hawaiian history, SAMUEL MANAIAKALANI KAMAKAU teaches our keiki, both Hawaiian and non-Hawaiian, what life was like as a Hawaiian, and thereby preserves for posterity, the legacy of a storied people; and
WHEREAS, along with maintaining a record of Hawaiian history, SAMUEL MANAIAKALANI KAMAKAU through his birth and affiliation with Waialua, solidifies Waialua's position as a stronghold for Hawaiian culture; now, therefore,
BE IT RESOLVED by the House of Representatives of the Twenty-third Legislature of the State of Hawaii, Regular Session of 2005, that this body commemorates SAMUEL MANAIAKALANI KAMAKAU's contributions to memorializing Hawaiian history by proclaiming October 29, 2005, as SAMUEL MANAIAKALANI KAMAKAU Day.
Works
In 1961, the Kamehameha Schools Press published Kamakau's first two series as a book entitled Ruling Chiefs of Hawaii. Three years later, in 1964, the Bishop Museum Press published his last series as a trilogy, entitled Ka Poe Kahiko: The People of Old, The Works of the People of Old: Nā Hana A Ka Poe Kahiko, and Tales and Traditions of the People of Old: Nā Moolelo A Ka Poe Kahiko.
A revised edition was published in 1992.
References
Further reading
1815 births
1876 deaths
Converts to Roman Catholicism from Congregationalism
Historians of Hawaii
Hawaiian Kingdom judges
Lahainaluna School alumni
Members of the Hawaiian Kingdom House of Representatives
Native Hawaiian people
Native Hawaiian writers
Queen Emma Party politicians |
20460837 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege%20of%20Kolberg%20%281807%29 | Siege of Kolberg (1807) | The siege of Kolberg (also known as: siege of Colberg or siege of Kołobrzeg) took place from March to 2 July 1807 during the War of the Fourth Coalition, part of the Napoleonic Wars. An army of the First French Empire and several foreign auxiliaries (including Polish insurgents) of France besieged the Prussian fortified town of Kolberg, the only remaining Prussian-held fortress in the Prussian province of Pomerania. The siege was not successful and was lifted upon the announcement of the peace of Tilsit.
After Prussia lost the Battle of Jena–Auerstedt in late 1806, French troops marched north into Prussian Pomerania. Fortified Stettin (Szczecin) surrendered without battle, and the province became occupied by the French forces. Kolberg resisted, and the implementation of a French siege was delayed until March 1807 by the freikorps of Ferdinand von Schill operating around the fortress and capturing the assigned French commander of the siege, Victor-Perrin. During these months, the military commander of Kolberg, Lucadou, and the representative of the local populace, Nettelbeck, prepared the fortress's defensive structures.
The French forces commanded by Teulié, composed primarily of troops from Italy, succeeded in encircling Kolberg by mid-March. Napoleon put the siege force under the command of Loison; Frederick William III entrusted Gneisenau with the defense. In early April, the siege forces were for a short time commanded by Mortier, who had marched a large force from besieged Swedish Stralsund to Kolberg but was ordered to return when Stralsund's defenders gained ground. Other reinforcements came from states of the Confederation of the Rhine (Kingdom of Württemberg, Saxon duchies and the Duchy of Nassau), the Kingdom of Holland, and France.
With the western surroundings of Kolberg flooded by the defenders, fighting concentrated on the eastern forefield of the fortress, where Wolfsberg sconce had been constructed on Lucadou's behalf. Aiding the defense from the nearby Baltic Sea were a British and a Swedish vessel. By late June, Napoleon massively reinforced the siege forces to bring about a decision. The siege force then also concentrated on taking the port north of the town. On 2 July, fighting ceased when Prussia had agreed on an unfavourable peace after her ally Russia suffered a decisive defeat at Friedland. Of the twenty Prussian fortresses, Kolberg was one of the few remaining in Prussian hands until the war's end. The battle became a myth in Prussia and was later used by Nazi propaganda efforts. While prior to World War II the city commemorated the defendants, it started to honor the commander of the Polish troops after 1945, when the city became part of a Polish state.
Prelude
Within two weeks after the Battle of Jena-Auerstedt (14 October 1806), Napoleon's Grande Armée had pursued the defeated Royal Prussian Army to Pasewalk in Prussian Pomerania. The provincial capital Stettin (now Szczecin), one of twenty Prussian fortresses, capitulated on 29 October the province's only fortress remaining in Prussian hands. Pierre Thouvenout was appointed French governor of Pomerania and sent his envoy Mestram to accept Kolberg's expected capitulation and take control of it.
On 8 November 1806, Mestram met with the Prussian commander of Kolberg Louis Maurice de Lucadou (Ludwig Moritz von Lucadou) before its walls. Lucadou's refusal to hand over the fortress came as a surprise to the French generals and the Prussian administration in Stettin, who had already pledged allegiance to the French; it further led part of the defeated Prussian army to take refuge in Kolberg and reinforce the two musketeer battalions of the von Owstien and von Borcke regiments and the 72 guns garrisoned there. Lucadou ordered the Persante (Parseta) river west of Kolberg to be dammed up to flood the area around the fortress, and arranged the construction of Wolfsberg sconce east of the town. Coordination of these measures with Joachim Nettelbeck, representative of the Kolberg citizens, was however impaired by the latter's personal grievances against Lucadou.
Among the Prussian soldiers who had retreated to Kolberg after Jena and Auerstedt was secondelieutenant Ferdinand von Schill, who after his recovery from a severe head injury in the house of Kolberg senator Westphal was ordered to patrol the areas west of the fortress with a small cavalry unit. Supplied with information about French movements by local peasants, he succeeded in capturing a number of French officers and soldiers, gathering food and financial supplies in neighboring towns and villages, and recruiting volunteers to his unit from inside and outside Kolberg.
Schill's victory in the skirmish of Gülzow (7 December 1806), though insignificant from a military point of view, was widely noted as the first Prussian success against the French army - while Prussian king Frederick William III praised Schill as the "kind of man now valued by the fatherland", Napoleon referred to him as a "miserable kind of brigand". "ce miserable, qui est une espèce de brigand"}} As a consequence of these successes and Schill's increasing fame, Prussian king Frederick William III ordered him to establish a freikorps on 12 January 1807, which in the following months defended the fortress against French attacks allowing its defenders to complete their preparations for the expected siege with Swedish and British support via the Baltic.
Time for preparation was needed since Kolberg lacked sufficient defensive structures, manpower and armament to withstand a siege. The defensive works of the fortress had been neglected, only the port and Kirchhof sconce had been prepared for defense when Prussia feared war with Russia and Sweden in 1805 and 1806, but they had been disarmed in September. By early December 1806, the Kolberg garrison numbered 1,576 men, but increased steadily during the next months due to the arrival of Prussian troops and new recruits from nearby areas. Armament shortages were in part relieved by Charles XIII of Sweden, who sent rifle components from which local gunsmiths made 2,000 new rifles. As of late October 1806, a total of 72 guns were mounted on Kolberg's walls: 58 metal/iron cannons (8x 24 lb, 4x 20 lb, 40x 12 lb, 6x 6 lb), six iron howitzers (10 lb) and eight iron mortars (5x 50 lb, 3x 25 lb); in addition, there were four mobile 3-pounder cannons. While a convoy with artillery reinforcements was held up and captured by French forces near Stettin, twelve 12-pounder cannons reached Kolberg from the Prussian fortress of Danzig and the Swedish fortress of Stralsund, who each sent six guns. Since no further artillery reinforcements came in, the Kolberg garrison mounted an additional 92 guns on the walls which previously had been deemed unusable and withdrawn from service; these guns were positioned at the flanks at it was speculated that they might still serve to fire rocks and canister shots at short distances. Six guns captured by Schill's freikorps were also sent to Kolberg.
Claude Victor-Perrin, whom Napoleon Bonaparte had entrusted with taking Kolberg, was captured by Schill's forces in Arnswalde (12 January), detained in Kolberg and later exchanged against Prussian general Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher. With Victor-Perrin captured, the attack on Kolberg was to be led by Pietro (Pierre) Teulié's Italian division, who in February began the march on the fortress from Stettin. Schill's freikorps further delayed the French advance by provoking several skirmishes and battles, the largest of which took place near Naugard (Nowogard). Teulié reached the Kolberg area by early March, and by the mid of the month (14 March) had cleared the surrounding villages of Schill's forces and encircled the fortress.
Siege
Mid-March to April
When the French encirclement of Kolberg rendered Schill's strategy moot, Lucadou sent three cavalry units to aid the Krockow freikorps in the defense of Danzig, while Schill departed to aid in the defense of Stralsund in Swedish Pomerania. The suburbs, most notably Geldernerviertel, were burned down as it was customary.
Because of the delay in the French advance, Napoleon replaced Teulié as the commander of the siege forces with division general Louis Henri Loison; Frederick William III replaced Lucadou as the commander of the fortress with major August Neidhardt von Gneisenau after complaints by Nettelbeck and out of considerations for an envisioned British landfall at Kolberg - he feared that a French-born commander might irritate his British supporters, while on the other hand Gneisenau had been in British service during the American Revolutionary War.
In April, Napoleon withdrew the forces of Edouard Mortier from the siege of Stralsund and sent them to take Kolberg, however, Mortier soon had to return when the defenders of Stralsund pushed the remaining French troops out of Swedish Pomerania.
The French siege army was reinforced by troops from Württemberg and Saxon states (Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg, Saxe-Meiningen, Saxe-Hildburghausen, and Saxe-Weimar,) as well as a Polish regiment. The Saxon and Württemberg regiments were part of the army of the Confederation of the Rhine, which - like the Kingdom of Italy, whose troops were already present at the siege – was a French client. The Polish regiment, led by Antoni Paweł Sułkowski, with a strength of 1,200 had been transferred from the siege of Danzig (Gdańsk) on 11 April and arrived on 20 April; it was the 1st infantry regiment of the Poznań legion raised by Jan Henryk Dąbrowski on Napoleon's behalf, after a Polish uprising against Prussian occupation and French liberation of Prussian controlled Poland had resulted in the creation of Duchy of Warsaw in part of partitioned Poland.
May to June
Throughout May and June, the siege was characterized by heavy fighting around Wolfsberg sconce east of Kolberg.
In early May, the siege forces numbered circa 8,000 troops. The siege force's blockade corps was since 4 May divided into four brigades:
the first brigade was commanded by Berndes and included one Polish regiment under Antoni Paweł Sułkowski. Sulkowski in his diaries wrote that Polish soldiers were highly excited about the prospect of taking the city, as it was once part of Poland during the Piast dynasty. He wrote "our soldiers burn with the enthusiasm to move our borders to the pillars of Bolesław", and noted that the chaplain of the Polish soldiers Ignacy Przybylski called upon them Polish soldiers. We are camped under Kołobrzeg. Since the time of Chrobry our regiment formed in Poznan and Gniezno Voivodeships is the first to show its banners here. The brigade also included Württemberg regiments (Seckendorff, Romig);
the second brigade was commanded by Fontane and included the 1st Italian line infantry regiment (Valleriani) and the infantry regiment Saxe-Weimar (Egloffstein);
the third brigade was commanded by Castaldini and included the 2nd Italian light regiment;
the fourth brigade was commanded by general Bonfanti and included the 1st Italian light regiment (Rougier).
The remaining forces, except for the grenadiers, were entrusted with the defense of other sconces in the vicinity of Kolberg. The headquarters of the siege force was in Tramm (now Stramnica), where the grenadiers were concentrated. The artillery, under command of general Mossel, was concentrated near Zernin (now Czernin), and defended by a Saxon detachment stationed in Degow (now Dygowo). The construction of the siege works, was since 5 May supervised by brigade general Chambarlhiac of the 8th corps on Napoleon's behalf.
Schill returned to the town in early May, but left for Stralsund again after discord with Gneisenau, taking most of his freikorps with him (primarily the cavalry units). After Schill's departure, the defenders numbered about 6,000 men and consisted of
one grenadier battalion with 850 men, commanded by Karl Wilhelm Ernst von Waldenfels, vice commander of the fortress;
one fusilier battalion with 750 men, commanded by Möller;
the 2nd Pomeranian reserve battalion with 540 men;
the 3rd Neumark reserve battalion with 420 men;
the 3rd musketeer battalion von Owstien with 800 men;
the 3rd musketeer battalion von Borcke with 800 men;
of Schill's freikorps, five infantry companies with 750 men and one cavalry squadron with 113 men, commanded by Count Wedell;
two Jäger companies (Dobrowolski and Otto) with 300 men, later commanded by Arenstorf;
110 cuirassiers from the depot of the von Balliodz regiment;
400 artillerists.
On 7 May, in a French reconnaissance attack, troops from the 1st Italian line infantry as well as the Polish, Württemberg and Saxon regiments assaulted Wolfsberg sconce. During the fight, a Polish unit repelled a charge from the cavalry squadron of Schill's Freikorps (113 troopers). General Loison in a report to Marshal Berthier on 8 May stated that the Poles had stopped a charge of 600 Prussian cavalry in that action. In another attack, launched during the night of 17/18 May, siege force troops managed to take part of Wolfsberg sconce, but had to retreat when in the resulting chaos, Württemberg troops shot at Italian units. The Prussian forces launched a counter-attack and drove them from the sconce once again. After this, the French general lost confidence in Wurttemberg troops and removed them from the battlefield. Polish troops were extensively used, and according to Louis Loison, showed exceptional determination in the attacks on Wolfsberg sconce.
On 20 May, an arms replenishment for the defenders arrived by sea from Great Britain, containing inter alia 10,000 rifles, 6,000 sabres and ammunition. Some of those supplies, including 6,000 rifles, were however redirected to the defenders of Stralsund.
On 30 May, Napoleon ordered the redeployment of Jean Boudet's division to enable it to reach Kolberg on demand within 36 hours, one regiment of the division was ordered to reinforce the siege forces.
Wolfsberg sconce, overrun by the French army on 17 May but recovered by the defenders the next day, capitulated on 11 June. Among others, Waldenfels was killed at the Wolfsberg sconce. Also, Teulié was lethally injured when a cannonball hit his leg—according to the French Biographie universelle, he died five days later, on 12 May, and his death caused the parties to agree on a 24-hour truce in his honor; according to Höpfner's History of the Prussian Army however, Teuliè was hit when a 24-hour truce on 11/12 June was concluded after the capitulation of the Wolfsberg sconce, but not observed; and according to the Italian Biografie di Pietro Teulie however, the cannonball hit Teuliè after 13 June, and five to six days later, he died in Loison's arms in the nearby village of Tramm.
Temporarily, the defenders were supported by the British corvette Phyleria and the Swedish frigate af Chapmann, the latter had arrived on 29 April, was commanded by major Follin and armed with 46 guns (two 36-pounders, else 24-pounder cannons and carronades). Also, three fishing boats had been armed with guns and supported the defenders from the sea. A 3-pounder gun was mounted on each of these boats, which had been prepared by Nettelbeck; later, a fourth boat was similarly prepared by lieutenant Fabe. On 3 June during the evening the supporting ships directed artillery fire on the Polish camp, which proved to be ineffective due to strong winds, three hours later an armed expedition of estimated 200 Prussians attempted to land on the beach, and was repulsed in intense fighting by the Polish regiment
On 14 June, British artillery replenishments arrived for the defenders, including 30 iron cannons, 10 iron howitzers and ammunition. The guns replaced "the many unusable guns on Kolberg's walls". Since the fortress had experienced a shortage of light artillery while at the same time it had sufficient cannonball supplies in storage, a Kolberg smith had forged an operative iron 4-pounder gun; further efforts to forge artillery pieces in the fortress were rendered moot by the arrival of the British guns.
Final days
In mid-June, the siege forces were reinforced by two Nassau bataillons with a strength of 1,500 to 1,600, Napoleon ordered the narrowing of the encirclement to cut off Kolberg from its port. By the end of June, Napoleon sent in battle-tried French regiments and heavy guns to bring about a decision: on 21 June arrived further artillery pieces and the 4th Dutch line infantry regiment (Anthing's) with a strength of 1,600 to 1,700; on 30 June arrived the 3rd light, 56th line and 93rd line regiments of the Boudet division with a strength of 7,000. Overall, the strength of the siege force had risen to about 14,000 men in the final days.
The French forces took the Maikuhle forest held by the remaining soldiers of Schill's freikorps on 1 July. Kolberg was heavily bombarded—of a total of 25,940 cannonballs fired by the siege force, 6,000 were fired on 1 and 2 July.
On 2 July at noon, fighting ceased upon the announcement of the Prusso-French agreement to the Peace of Tilsit. A Prusso-French truce had been signed already on 25 June following the decisive Russian defeat in the Battle of Friedland. Kolberg was one of the few Prussian fortresses which withstood Napoleon's forces until the peace was signed—others were Glatz (Kłodzko) and Graudenz (Grudziądz).
Casualties
Based on data from the Prussian Military Archive, Höpfner lists the casualties for the Prussian garrison of Kolberg (saying it is uncertain whether they included the losses of the Schill freikorps) as follows:
Höpfner further reports that
Schill's freikorps lost a total of 682 infantry, 40 artillerists and an unrecorded number of cavalry and jäger as dead, wounded, captured or missing;
of the civilian population of Kolberg, 27 died and 42 were wounded, primarily during the two final days.
Regarding the casualties of the siege force, Höpfner says that the Prussian archives reports list a total of 7,000 to 8,000 dead and wounded, 1,000 of whom were killed and injured during the last two days. Höpfner does not cite the number claimed by the French, which he dismissed as "worthless," and says that the beforementioned Prussian claim for the total siege force casualties might be exaggerated.
The casualty figures cited by Smith in The Greenhill Napoleonic Wars Data Book match Höpfner's numbers for the Prussian garrison, as they were used as a source; for the siege force casualties, Smith lists 102 officers and 5,000 men dead and wounded or died of sickness.
Aftermath
After the announcement of the peace, Kolberg was not occupied by the French army. Already on 3/4 July, Napoleon ordered the bulk of the siege force to march west to Swedish Pomerania and reinforce, under command of Guillaume Brune, the French forces besieging Stralsund. The commander of the siege forces in Kolberg, Louis Henri Loison, likewise departed to the Stralsund pocket and was put in command of a division near Demmin. Ferdinand von Schill and Neidhardt von Gneisenau received the highest Prussian military decoration "Pour le Mérite" for their service.
During the siege, Kolberg's suburbs had been levelled, more than half of the Old Town was damaged or destroyed by artillery fire, and Kolberg's economy with its two important branches sea trade and salt mining declined. A shortage of coins had led to the circulation of paper money, hand-written by students from the local lyceum on Gneisenau's behalf. The overall damage was at 155,000 reichstalers. Only in the mid-19th century began the reconstruction and modernization of the town and its port. The ruins of the destroyed medieval town hall were replaced by the current building, designed by Karl Friedrich Schinkel. Kolberg ceased to be a fortress in 1872—by 1873, most of the defensive works were levelled.
In popular memory
The siege itself became a myth in military history of Prussia, which was partially deflated in modern research by Hieronim Kroczyński.
Nobel laureate Paul Heyse described the events in his successful drama "Colberg" (1865).
Before World War II, a monument in the town's center was dedicated to Gneisenau, Nettelbeck and Schill; Schill's house was marked with a memorial plaque, a redoubt and a street were named after him, and 2 July was a local holiday celebrated by an annual procession. After the war, when the town became Polish, a street in Kołobrzeg was named after Antoni Sułkowski, the commander of the Polish troops taking part in the siege.
Nazi propaganda movie
Paul Heyse's drama was exploited in the Nazi propaganda movie Kolberg, which was begun in 1943 and released in 1945 near the end of World War II. At a cost of more than eight million marks, it was the most expensive German film of the Second World War. Part of the plot did not match the events—for example, while the actual siege had ended because Prussia surrendered, in the movie it ended because the French generals concluded Kolberg could not be taken. 187,000 soldiers, 6,000 sailors and 4,000 horses were drawn from the front for the production of the movie.
Explanatory notes
Notes
References
External links
Images of the battle and excerpts from Nettelbeck's diary at Dansk Militærhistorisk Selskab - Chakoten (Danish/German)
Image gallery: remains of Wolfsberg sconce
History of Pomerania
Conflicts in 1807
1807 in Germany
Sieges involving Poland
Sieges involving France
Sieges involving Prussia
Battles of the War of the Fourth Coalition
Kołobrzeg
Sieges involving Sweden |
20460845 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adbhutananda | Adbhutananda | Adbhutananda (died 1920), born Rakhturam, was a direct monastic disciple of Ramakrishna, a Yogi of nineteenth century Bengal. He is familiarly known as Latu Maharaj among the followers of Ramakrishna. Adbhutananda was the first monastic disciple to come to Ramakrishna. While most of Ramakrishna's direct disciples came from the Bengali intelligentsia, Adbhutananda's lack of formal education made him unique amongst them. He was a servant boy of a devotee of Ramakrishna, and he later became his monastic disciple. Though unlettered, Adbhutananda was considered as a monk with great spiritual insight by Ramakrishna's followers, and Vivekananda regarded him as "the greatest miracle of Ramakrishna".
Biography
Early life
Adbhutananda was born in North-Eastern India in the Chhapra district of Bihar, around the middle of the nineteenth century. He was given the name Rakhturam, meaning "child who is protected by Lord Rama". His parents were poor, humble villagers. Both his father and mother died before Rakhturam was five years old and he was left in the care of an uncle who was affectionate towards him.
Growing up in the village, Rakhturam led a carefree life, tending cows and sheep in the fields. In later years, he said, "I used to wander freely with the cowherd boys. How simple and guileless they were! You can't have real joy unless you are like that." Poverty forced Rakhturam and his uncle to travel to Calcutta in search of a livelihood. Rakhturam came in contact with Ramachandra Datta, a householder devotee of Ramakrishna, and he joined as his servant. As a servant, Rakhturam was considered energetic and faithful. Rakhturam became known as "Latu" in his new Calcutta surroundings, and he was called by that name thereafter.
Meetings with Ramakrishna
Ramakrishna lived at the Dakshineswar Kāli Temple, a few miles north of Calcutta, on the eastern bank of the Ganges. Ram Chandra Datta, Latu's employer, was one of the first householder disciples to visit Ramakrishna. Datta loved to speak about Ramakrishna and his sayings and Latu heard about Ramakrishna from him and was attracted by Ramakrishna's teachings, It is reported that inspired by the teachings of Ramakrishna, he was often found lying covered with his blanket, quietly wiping tears from his eyes thinking of God. Latu waited eagerly for an opportunity to meet Ramakrishna, and he met Ramakrishna on a Sunday in 1879 or 1880.
When Ramakrishna saw Latu, he reportedly said to Ramchandra that Latu had "holy signs in him." and it is reported that when Ramakrishna touched him, Latu entered an ecstatic state, "tears trickled from his eyes and his lips began to quiver with emotion" and he gradually returned to normal state of consciousness. Latu began to visit Ramakrishna regularly, and he lost the enthusiasm with which he worked before at Datta's house. In June 1881, he joined Ramakrishna at Dakshineswar as his personal attendant and helper. He also used to help Sarada Devi in her chores.
With Ramakrishna in Dakshineswar
At Dakshineswar Latu began a life of rigorous spiritual discipline under Ramakrishna's guidance, and also continued his service as his servant to him. His day began, first seeing Ramakrishna and saluting him. As Latu had received no formal schooling, Ramakrishna hoped that he might acquire at least a rudimentary education, so he tried to teach him the Bengali alphabets himself. However, Latu's Bihari accent was different from that of a Bengali, and he could not read even the first vowel correctly. Ramakrishna corrected him repeatedly with much amusement, and the experiment was later discontinued. According to Saradananda, Ramakrishna's monastic disciple Latu was seen "praying and meditating the whole night and sleeping during the day. His life was a literal example of the teaching of the Gita:'In that which is night to all beings, the man of self-control is awake; and where all beings are awake, there is night for the sage who sees (2.69)."
At Shyampukur and Cossipore
In the middle of 1885 Ramakrishna's throat became sore, which later developed into throat cancer. To conveniently treat him, the devotees moved Ramakrishna from Dakshineswar to Shyampukur, in North Calcutta. Latu, being his personal attendant went with him. He later moved on with Ramakrishna to Cossipore on 11 December 1885. He took care of nursing Ramakrishna during his final days, reminiscing about which Latu said, "Serving the Master was our worship. We didn't need any other spiritual disciplines." Latu received an ochre cloth and rosary from Ramakrishna. After Ramakrishna's death on 16 August 1886, Latu went on a pilgrimage visiting Vrindaban, Varanasi, Ayodhya with Sarada Devi, and other lay and monastic disciples of Ramakrishna.
At Calcutta
After Ramakrishna's passing away, Narendra (Vivekananda) and some of the other disciples established the first Ramakrishna monastery at Baranagore in an old, dilapidated house. Here some of the disciples including Naren took their monastic vows and were engaged in the study of the scriptures, practicing meditation and austerity. Latu joined them later in 1887 and accepted the monastic vows. Vivekananda gave him the monastic name Adbhutananda, meaning, "He who finds bliss in the wonderful nature of the Atman." According to his brother monks, Adbhutananda lead a very austere life at the monastery practicing meditation and japa. He led the life of a wandering monk around Calcutta area, unattached to people and places. Sometimes he stayed at the home of other householder devotees, but most often was found living simply on the bank of the Ganges. Sometimes he stayed at Alambazar Math and Belur Math.
He also went on several pilgrimages to North India with his brother disciples including Vivekananda. In 1903 he moved to the house of Balaram Bose, a householder devotee of Ramakrishna and stayed there till 1912. Here he was visited by people from different walks of life—judges, doctors, teachers, learned monks, and householders for spiritual instructions.
At Varanasi
In October 1912 Adbhutananda left Balaram's hose for Varnasi, never to return again. Here he first stayed at Ramakrishna Advaita Ashrama and later at different locations. As was characteristic of him, he was so often absorbed in meditation that he rarely had fixed time for meals. In Varanasi, he continued to teach and people visited him for spiritual instructions.
Last days
During his last days, according to his devotees, Adbhutananda seemed to be gradually withdrawing from the world. He spoke occasionally with people, and when he spoke it was generally of spiritual matters. As reported by this disciples, his body, which had once been remarkably strong, had been gradually weakened by age and years of intense spiritual disciplines and his indifference towards the physical world. During the last few years he suffered from diabetes and minor physical ailments. During the last year of his life he developed a blister on this leg, which developed into gangrene. He was visited by his brother disciples—Turiyananda and Saradananda. Eventually the gangrene worsened and the doctors operated several times on successive days, but were unsuccessful. Adbhutananda died in the holy city of Varanasi at 12:10 p.m on Saturday, 24 April 1920. Regarding his death, Turiyananda wrote in a letter to Josephine MacLeod, an American devotee of Vivekananda, "He showed no signs of pain during his illness. But the wonder of all wonders was that after this death when his body was placed in a sitting position to conform with some of the funeral rites, we found him looking so beautiful, so serene, so full of peace and bliss. His face beamed with light and an intelligence unspeakable, as if he were taking leave from his friends for the last time with an exhortation of affectionate benediction."
Teachings and sayings
Adbhutananda, being illiterate, did not write any books; his teachings and discourses have been recorded by his disciples and devotees. Swami Adbhutananda taught that "the true being in man is ever free, ever pure, and remains ever untouched by good or evil. Good and evil have no absolute reality. They exist only so long as man identifies himself with the ego, the false self. When the ego is completely annihilated, man is freed from the false knowledge of duality or relativity--of good and evil."
His other teachings were,
What is the use of prayer and meditation if there is no dependence on Him? Everything else is useless if this is lacking.
It is a great sin to find fault with others. Those who do never do a good act themselves, who easily see defects in others and energetically spread rumors.
It is better to continue calling on the Lord devotedly than to know, speak, and preach thousand and one religious cants and shibboleths.
Notes
Further reading
External links
Spiritual Talks of Swami Adbhutananda
Swami Adbhutananda Biography
Articles by Adbhutananda
1920 deaths
19th-century Hindu religious leaders
20th-century Hindu religious leaders
Advaitin philosophers
20th-century Hindu philosophers and theologians
Hindu reformers
Indian Hindu monks
Indian memoirists
Indian Hindu missionaries
Monks of the Ramakrishna Mission
Year of birth missing |
20460866 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buntingville%2C%20California | Buntingville, California | Buntingville is an unincorporated community in Lassen County, California. It is located southwest of Litchfield, at an elevation of 4091 feet (1247 m). It is located just northwest of Honey Lake.
Buntingville is the southern terminus of County Route A3 (Standish Buntingville Road) at its junction with U.S. 395.
A.J. Bunting opened a general store at the site in 1878. A post office operated in Buntingville from 1883 to 1884, from 1899 to 1907, and from 1915 to 1920.
References
External links
Buntingville on california.hometownlocator.com
Unincorporated communities in California
Unincorporated communities in Lassen County, California |
20460867 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takahiro%20Mori | Takahiro Mori | is a retired male medley swimmer from Japan. He represented his native country at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece. He is best known for winning three gold medals at the Summer Universiade.
References
sports-reference
1980 births
Living people
Japanese male medley swimmers
Olympic swimmers of Japan
Swimmers at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Kumamoto Prefecture
Asian Games medalists in swimming
Swimmers at the 1998 Asian Games
Swimmers at the 2002 Asian Games
Asian Games gold medalists for Japan
Asian Games silver medalists for Japan
Universiade medalists in swimming
Medalists at the 1998 Asian Games
Medalists at the 2002 Asian Games
Universiade gold medalists for Japan
Universiade bronze medalists for Japan
Medalists at the 1999 Summer Universiade
Medalists at the 2001 Summer Universiade
Medalists at the 2003 Summer Universiade |
20460907 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilton%20Glasgow | Hilton Glasgow | The Hilton Glasgow is a 20-storey hotel in Glasgow, Scotland. It is located in Anderston, from Glasgow Airport, three blocks away from Glasgow city centre, and close to the M8 Motorway. It opened on 30 November 1992.
Background and construction
Construction of the hotel began in 1990. It stands on a site within the Anderston Commercial Zone, an area cleared during the 1960s and designated by the then Glasgow Corporation for "comprehensive development". Originally the land was earmarked for the second phase of the Anderston Centre complex (early plans show that a public housing tower was planned for the spot where the hotel stands); however, this was abandoned, and the site lay derelict until the late 1980s.
As well as being Hilton's first foray into Glasgow (it later took over the prestigious Stakis Grosvenor in the city's West End, and a third hotel was added to the portfolio in Finnieston), the hotel was notable for being the first high-rise building over 20 storeys to be constructed in Glasgow since its tower block building boom of the 1960s and early 1970s. The hotel has the largest banqueting hall in the city.
Famous guests
The hotel is notable for having accommodated many celebrities, including the former United States President Bill Clinton. The local actor and comedian Billy Connolly is also a regular guest, and was born a few streets away in the (now demolished) tenements of Anderston.
When American boxer Mike Tyson had a match at nearby Hampden Park, he booked 150 rooms for himself and his entourage. Hollywood actor Robert Duvall also stayed in one of the hotel's luxury suites for several weeks during filming of the movie A Shot at Glory, which was shot in and around the city.
Award ceremonies
The Hilton Glasgow has hosted many award ceremonies. Some notable events include:
2014 Commonwealth Games – They were held in Glasgow, Scotland, from 23 July to 3 August 2014 and were the largest multi-sport event ever in Scotland, involving 4,950 athletes from 71 different nations and territories competing in 18 different sports. It was the third time the Commonwealth Games had been held in Scotland, and the 2014 Games were notable for the successes of the Home Nations of the United Kingdom, with England, Wales and hosts Scotland achieving their largest ever gold medal hauls and overall medal hauls at a Commonwealth Games.
2014 Ryder Cup for the 2014 Scottish Golf Awards – It is one of the biggest sporting events in the world and it was the first time in more than 40 years that the tournament had been staged in Scotland.
See also
List of tallest buildings and structures in Glasgow
References
External links
Official website
Hotels in Glasgow
Glasgow
Skyscrapers in Glasgow
Skyscraper hotels in the United Kingdom
Hotels established in 1992
Hotel buildings completed in 1992 |
20460918 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%27m%20a%20Celebrity...Get%20Me%20Out%20of%20Here%21%20%28British%20series%204%29 | I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (British series 4) | The fourth series of I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! began on 21 November 2004 and ended on 6 December 2004. The programme ran for 16 days, one more than in the previous series (18 days if counting the day the celebrities arrived and the morning the finalists exited). The series was won by comedian Joe Pasquale, with Paul Burrell narrowly coming second by a 2% margin.
Contestants
11 contestants participated, one more than in the previous two series.
Results and elimination
Indicates that the celebrity was immune from the vote
Indicates that the celebrity received the most votes from the public
Indicates that the celebrity received the fewest votes and was eliminated immediately (no bottom two)
Indicates that the celebrity was named as being in the bottom two
Bushtucker Trials
The contestants take part in daily trials to earn food.
The public voted for who they wanted to face the trial
The contestants decided who did which trial
The trial was compulsory and neither the public or celebrities decided who took part
Notes
Natalie Appleton was initially selected to take part in this trial, but walked out before this and was replaced by Sheila Ferguson.
This trial was previously competed 4 days ago.
This trial was previously competed last series.
Star count
Daily summary
Day 1
On the day the celebrities arrived, they were split into two groups after making an initial journey to the jungle by helicopter, making this the first time ever that two different arrival routes were used.
The 'Air and Water' group consisted of Paul Burrell, Fran Cosgrave, Joe Pasquale and Nancy Sorrell. Initially, Janet Street Porter was to be part of this group instead of Paul but they were swapped around at the last minute. Also Brian Harvey was meant to be part of this group but could not following the death of his grandmother. The remaining four members skydived into the jungle before enduring a five-hour hike to the camp.
The 'Earth and Fire' group consisted of Sophie Anderton, Natalie Appleton, Antonio Fargas, Sheila Ferguson and Janet Street Porter. Initially, Paul Burrell was to be part of this group instead of Janet but they were swapped around at the last minute. These five celebrities took on a four-hour trek to the camp by horseback.
Day 2
The first bushtucker trial of the series was titled 'Stake Out' and was contested by Fran Cosgrave, Joe Pasquale and Antonio Fargas. They won four stars.
Day 3
The second bushtucker trial of the series was titled 'Canopy Calamity' and was contested by Natalie Appleton. She won seven stars.
Day 4
The third bushtucker trial of the series was titled 'Snake Strike' and was contested by Janet Street Porter. She won nine stars.
The first Celebrity Chest of the series was also held and was done by Paul Burrell and Joe Pasquale.
Day 5
The fourth bushtucker trial of the series was titled 'House of Pies' and was contested by Brian Harvey. He won two stars. Brian later mentioned it was the worst experience of his life.
When dinner was delivered that evening, it was brought along with Vic Reeves, making this the first time a celebrity has entered later than the first day.
Day 6
The fifth bushtucker trial of the series was titled 'Temple of Doom' and was contested by Paul Burrell. Paul had been shortlisted for the previous four trials. He won six stars.
In camp, tensions finally boiled over between Sophie Anderton and Natalie Appleton after the latter had refused to help build a treehouse the previous day in preparation for Vic Reeves' arrival.
Day 7
The sixth bushtucker trial of the series was titled 'Leap of Faith'. It was broadcast live and was contested by Natalie Appleton. She won two stars, quitting early on complaining of feeling sick.
Brian Harvey walked out that evening following a massive spat at dinner with Janet Street Porter.
"You're cooking dinner! You're f**king over there, I'm over there (points away). Don't keep f**king having a go at me about farting!...Just because you think it's wrong doesn't mean everyone else thinks it's wrong. I'm farting because I need to f**king fart, because all I've eaten is f**king beans!... I take it very personal because you know that there's 16 million people watching!"
Brian Harvey's argument speech to Janet
Day 8
The seventh bushtucker trial of the series was titled 'Snap'. and was contested by Sophie Anderton and Natalie Appleton. They won a pasty bap and chips.
Day 9
The eighth bushtucker trial of the series was titled 'Slither River' and was contested by Natalie Appleton. She won five stars, again pulling out a comb complaining of tiredness, fear and weakness.
Day 10
Shortly after the public result of the next bushtucker trial vote was announced. Natalie Appleton finally threw in the towel and walked out after having been nominated.
The day's trial still went ahead, titled 'On Your Knees' and was contested by Sheila Ferguson, by virtue of having polled the next highest number of votes. She won six stars.
Day 11
Despite Natalie's departure, the live eviction still went ahead and Nancy Sorrell was eliminated.
The tenth bushtucker trial of the series was titled 'Hell-O-Copter'. Dubbed as the most dramatic and expensive trial ever staged, it was contested by Joe Pasquale. He won eight stars, the first time this series a celebrity won the maximum.
Day 12
Vic Reeves was the second celebrity to be eliminated. In his exited he said that if he had not left today, he would have pole-vaulted out of the jungle using his giant key (Reeves had kept it as a souvenir after it was used in a celebrity chest he took part in).
The eleventh bushtucker trial of the series was titled 'Fill Your Face' and was contested by Antonio Fargas. He won four stars. After the trial ended, he famously bluffed his words and said "There's a celebrity in my ear!". He meant to say there was a creature in his ear.
Day 13
Sheila Ferguson was the third celebrity to be eliminated.
The twelfth bushtucker trial of the series was titled 'Slither River 2' and was contested by Fran Cosgrave. This was previously attempted by Natalie four days ago. He won three stars.
Day 14
Antonio Fargas was the fourth celebrity to be eliminated.
The thirteenth bushtucker trial of the series was titled 'Hump It!' and was contested by Sophie Anderton and Janet Street Porter. They won three stars.
Day 15
Sophie Anderton was the fifth celebrity to be eliminated.
The fourteenth bushtucker trial of the series was titled 'Hell Holes' and was contested by Paul Burrell. He won all four stars. Fans of the show have labelled this as one of the most entertaining trials of all series, thanks to Paul's constant screaming and loathing.
Day 16
No celebrity was eliminated from camp today, to make up for Natalie's walkout earlier in the week.
The fifteenth bushtucker trial of the series was titled 'Hell Hill 2' and was contested by all four remaining celebrities. This trial was previously at this stage in the last series. Three stars were won.
Day 17
Janet Street Porter was the sixth celebrity to be eliminated. This meant Paul Burrell, Fran Cosgrave and Joe Pasquale would contest the final.
All three remaining celebs participated in one bushtucker trial each today, to win a fully prepared three course meal for dinner. Fran Cosgrave contested in 'Eel Helmet' for the starter course. Paul Burrell contested in 'Bushtucker Bonanza' for the main course and Joe Pasquale contested in 'Danger Down Under' for the dessert course. Each of them won the maximum of five stars.
Day 18
Joe Pasquale was crowned 'King of the Jungle' in the final vote. Paul Burrell was second and Fran Cosgrave was third.
Ratings
All ratings are taken from the UK Programme Ratings website, BARB.
References
2004 British television seasons
04 |
20460930 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasher%20%28surname%29 | Kasher (surname) | Kasher (hebrew: כשר) is a Hebrew surname meaning "fit" and in the common context, fit for consumption by Jews according to traditional Jewish law.
It may refer to:
Tim Kasher - an American musician
Aryeh Kasher - an Israeli history emeritus professor
Asa Kasher - an Israeli philosopher and linguist
Menachem Mendel Kasher - a Polish-born rabbi
Moshe Kasher - American comedian and actor
Joe Kasher - English footballer
Hebrew-language surnames
Jewish surnames |
20460948 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMAS%20Vigilant | HMAS Vigilant | HMAS Vigilant (later known as HMAS Sleuth and HMAS Hawk) was an auxiliary patrol boat serving with the Royal Australian Navy during the Second World War. Notably it was the 120th ship built by the Cockatoo Island Dockyard and the first aluminium ship built in Australia.
History
PV Vigilant was a prototype ship designed and built at Cockatoo Island Dockyard in 1937–38. The hull and wheelhouse were constructed entirely of aluminium to save weight. As a result, the ship had a total displacement of only 106 tons.
It was built for the Department of Trade and Customs, intended for use patrolling waters to the north of Australia in conjunction with the Kuru. It was initially based at Townsville.
Naval service
The ship was still undergoing sea trials when it was requisitioned by the Royal Australian Navy in October 1940, commissioning as HMAS Vigilant on 12 November 1940. It was classed as an auxiliary patrol vessel. It was initially equipped with a 3-pounder QF gun but this was replaced with a 20 mm Oerlikon. As well as the mounted gun, it carried a variety of light arms including a Bren light machine gun.
Vigilant was transferred to Darwin, Northern Territory in 1941 and was used for protecting the harbour approaches. During the Bombing of Darwin, Vigilant engaged some of the attacking aircraft with its 20 mm Oerlikon and later assisted in picking up survivors from the water in Darwin Harbour.
Vigilant, with a hold capacity of 7 tons, played an important role in the Battle of Timor from May 1942 and made several supply trips to the island. During one of these supply voyages, it assisted in the search for survivors from HMAS Armidale. During this time, it also resupplied corvettes operating in the Timor Sea with depth charges.
HMAS Vigilant was renamed HMAS Sleuth on 17 April 1944 and HMAS Hawk on 13 March 1945. Hawk was paid off on 12 November 1945.
Post-war service
After the war, the ship was returned to the Department of Trade and Customs as PV Vigilant, and served as a whaling patrol ship off Western Australia until 1965. Despite attempts to save the ship for preservation, it was scuttled off Sydney in April 1966.
Legacy
Vigilant Close in Bentley Park, Queensland is named after HMAS Vigilant.
Following an overhaul of the RAN battle honours system, completed in March 2010, the RAN decided that, in recognition of the vessel's wartime service, future ships named HMAS Vigilant would be entitled to carry the honours "Darwin 1942–43" and "Pacific 1942–43".
Gallery
References
Patrol vessels of the Royal Australian Navy
1938 ships
Scuttled vessels of New South Wales |
20460996 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PFC%20Lokomotiv%20Stara%20Zagora | PFC Lokomotiv Stara Zagora | PFC Lokomotiv Stara Zagora was a Bulgarian football club from Stara Zagora, founded in April 1934 as ZHSK (ЖСК). PFC Lokomotiv is the second celebrity football team from Stara Zagora. Its best achievement was participating in the "B" group of football championship. Despite being ranked second in the primacy of Southeast "V" Amateur Football Group in the 2005/06 season Lokomotiv (Stara Zagora) eligible to participate in the Eastern "B" group after refusing to license FC Dorostol 2003 (Silistra) and after PFC Chernomorets Balchik refused to play in the curtain for entry into the group.
History
Lokomotiv was founded in April 1934. It was named ZHSK until 1946, then Lokomotiv from 1946 to 1949, Energy in 1949, Torpedo from 1949 to 1950 and again from 1951 to Lokomotiv in 1959. In 1952. the team was steps away from entry into the "A" group. Lokomotiv was in the forehead on the "B" group (the elite come in the first five). After a 22-day round Lokomotiv is idvaden of primacy with Torpedo (Rousse). The reason – an incident with the audience during the game near the Danube. In 1959 Village Lokomotiv and Botev are united under the name Beroe. Although the organizational structure of entering Beroe, zheleznicharite retain their identity. In the summer of 1998, and with the participation of people from the Chairman of the Lokomotiv players and Askent from Gurkovo is formed Beroe 2000 (Stara Zagora). Along with Lokomotiv and Askent continue to exist. Two years later Beroe 2000, which in mid-1999 moved its headquarters and plays in Kazanlak, merged with "Lokomotiv Stara Zagora". In early July 2004. zheleznicharite merged with another local team – Union Beroe (Stara Zagora), founded in August 2000. Lokomotiv has 12 participations in the "B" group. Coach of the team of 2005 is the legendary Botev Plovdiv – Petar Zehtinski – Ziko.
Successes
8 spot in the National Championships in 1937
2 spot in the south-east "B" group in 1956
3 spot in the south-east "B" group in 1954 and 1955
6 in South "B" group in 1967
7 in South "B" group in 1958
8 in "B" group in 1951
12 holdings in "B" group.
1/16-finalist for the National Cup in 1968/69 (then the Soviet Army Cup) and 2004/05
External links
Official site
Defunct football clubs in Bulgaria
Lokomotiv
Lokomotiv Stara Zagora
1934 establishments in Bulgaria
Association football clubs disestablished in 2009
2009 disestablishments in Bulgaria |
20461011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right%20to%20Dream | Right to Dream | "Right to Dream" is a song from the film Tennessee. It was written by Mariah Carey and Willie Nelson, and released as a single on October 20, 2008 by Island Def Jam.
Background
Deconstructing her songwriting process, Carey explains: "It was a different experience from an album project. I was very close to the story and in particular my character's struggle, so it made it easier for me as a writer. I just began channeling Krystal's pain and hope." "The song is basically a three-act play and chronicles the evolution of Krystal," says Carey. "I was humming different melodies while I was on the set and stuff," Carey says. "I was just thinking that Willie Nelson would be somebody fabulous to collaborate with. I reached out to him, and we met after one of his concerts."
The song, says Carey, is from the perspective of her Tennessee character Krystal, an aspiring singer. "The song has its own arc," Carey said. "She begins by telling us where she started, like she lays in bed and wonders where she left herself. A lot of people go through that sort of thing. It's kind of about empowerment."
Release
The song was released to Adult Contemporary radio on October 20, 2008. It was digitally released in the United States on December 2, 2008.
Critical reception
When the Los Angeles Times named "Right to Dream" as a contender for the Academy Award for Best Original Song the paper described the song as "restrained elegance, with some light, finger-picked guitar flourishes and a dash of late-night soul." Forty-nine songs from eligible feature-length motion pictures contended for nominations in the Original Song category for the 81st Academy Awards. "Right to Dream" was on the list, but did not make the final nominations.
Music video
A music video was shot and released to promote the single and the film. It premiered on December 8, 2008. The video features clips from the movie as well as shots of Carey in the studio recording the song.
Charts
References
External links
"Right to Dream" at BMI repertoire website
2008 singles
Mariah Carey songs
Country ballads
Songs written by Mariah Carey
Songs written by Willie Nelson
2008 songs
2000s ballads
Contemporary R&B ballads
Pop ballads |
20461054 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harualchari%20Union | Harualchari Union | Harualchhari () is a union of Bhujpur Thana, Fatikchhari Upazila of Chittagong District.
Geography
Area of Harualchhari : .
Location
North: Bhujpur Union
East: Fatikchhari Upazila
South: Suabil Union
West: Sitakunda Mountain Range
Population
As of 2011 Bangladesh census, Harualchari Union has a population of 40000.
Iqbal Hossain Chowdhury is the current chairman of the union elected consecutively second time in UP election 2016.
Villages and mouzas
Harualchhari, Lomba Bill, Mohansapara, Koratipara, Borbill, Hazarkill, Porbo Fatickchari
Education
Uttar Harualchhari Government Primary School
Hrualchhari High School.(Present Head Teacher: Mohammad Kamrul Haider).
Gawsia Rahmania Sunnia Madrasha
Middle Harualchhari Govt. Primary School
Middle Fatickchhari (Mohansah Para) Govt. Primary School
Porbo Fatickchari Government primary school
References
Unions of Bhujpur Thana |
20461063 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borys%20Chambul | Borys Chambul | Borys Chambul (born February 17, 1953) is a retired discus thrower, who represented Canada at the 1976 Summer Olympics. He won the gold medal in the men's discus throw event at the 1978 Commonwealth Games.
References
1953 births
Living people
Canadian male discus throwers
Athletes (track and field) at the 1976 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1978 Commonwealth Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 1979 Pan American Games
Pan American Games track and field athletes for Canada
Commonwealth Games gold medallists for Canada
Olympic track and field athletes of Canada
Athletes from Toronto
Commonwealth Games medallists in athletics
Canadian people of Ukrainian descent |
20461085 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosie%21 | Rosie! | Rosie! is a 1967 American comedy film directed by David Lowell Rich, based on Ruth Gordon's play A Very Rich Woman.
Plot
Rosie Lord is a widowed millionaire who, much to the dismay of her daughters Mildred and Edith, spends her money generously. When she announces she intends to buy a $2.5 million closed theater in a run-down part of Los Angeles, because it is the location where her late husband proposed to her and it is now threatened to be turned into a parking lot, her daughters decide that they have had enough. Edith and her husband Cabot complain that they are only granted $100,000 a year, and work together with cold-hearted and recently divorced Mildred to discourage Rosie from buying the theater. They are unable to convince her and her legal advisor Oliver to let them take care of her money, and thus decide to try to declare her incompetent, thereby hoping to put her in an insane asylum. Edith and Cabot's young daughter Daphne is appalled to overhear the scheme, and vows to help her grandmother.
Daphne rushes to Oliver's office, but runs into his much younger associate David Wheelwright, who promises to help her after an emotional conversation. Oliver is upset to find out that one of his workers is taking matters in own hands, and meets with David to hear him out. David advises that they should put someone with Rosie to prevent her from doing anything outrageous, because their daughters are sending a private investigator to the case. Oliver takes his advice, but sends him on the job. David reluctantly starts the job, but is quickly drawn to Rosie's extraverted personality. Simultaneously, he goes on a few romantic dates with Daphne and they fall in love.
After attending a piano recital, Rosie is abducted by two men, and later awakens in a locked rest home for the mentally unstable in the Santa Monica mountains. Rosie is heartbroken to learn that her daughters committed her to a sanitarium, and rejects an offer from Cabot to sign the papers for her release in exchange for making them responsible of her finances. He assures her that they can keep her in the sanitarium indefinitely if she does not obey their wishes, prompting Rosie to reconsider. Meanwhile, Daphne finds out what has happened, and furiously leaves the home, despite her mother's plea not to leave her.
With the help of Oliver and David, Daphne enters the rest home and breaks Rosie out. Rosie, who cannot believe what her own daughters did to her, is next sued in court. Mildred and Edith's lawyer puts Rosie's sanity at debate, and Rosie is ready to announce her defeat during the process. Daphne and Oliver console her during the trial, and when Oliver announces his love for her, Rosie decides to fight again. She faints in court and pretends to be dying, to get her daughters to admit that she is sane (in order for Rosie to change her will just before dying). The case is thereby dismissed and Rosie is now free to marry Oliver.
Cast
Rosalind Russell as Rosie Lord
Sandra Dee as Daphne Shaw
Brian Aherne as Oliver Stevenson
James Farentino as David Wheelwright
Audrey Meadows as Mildred Deever
Vanessa Brown as Edith Shaw
Leslie Nielsen as Cabot Shaw
Margaret Hamilton as Mae
Reginald Owen as Patrick
Juanita Moore as Nurse
Virginia Grey as Mrs. Peters
Dean Harens as Willetts
Doris Lloyd as Sedalia
Reception
Writing in The New York Times, critic Howard Thompson called the film "a tasteless brew of comedy, pathos and grim drama...This one is downright embarrassing." He ended his review by writing "This is one 'Rosie!' the petals fall off and the thorns take over."
See also
List of American films of 1967
References
External links
Moviefone's Rosie Page
1967 films
1967 comedy films
American films
American comedy films
American films based on plays
English-language films
Films based on multiple works
Films directed by David Lowell Rich
Films produced by Ross Hunter
Films scored by Lyn Murray
Films set in Los Angeles
Universal Pictures films |
20461087 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Land%20of%20Heart%27s%20Desire | The Land of Heart's Desire | The Land of Heart's Desire is a play by Irish poet, dramatist, and 1923 Nobel laureate William Butler Yeats. First performed in the spring of 1894, at the Avenue Theatre in London, where it ran for a little over six weeks, it was the first professional performance of one of Yeats' plays.
Summary
In this theatrical lament on age and thwarted aspirations, a faery child encounters the newlyweds Shawn and Mary Bruin at their home, shared with Maurteen Bruin and Bridget Bruin, Shawn's parents. The child, who at first is thought of by the Bruins as of gentle birth, denounces God and shocks Father Hart. She expounds on the ephemeral nature of life, in a bid to entice the newly-wed Maire to leave with her to the world of faery:
You shall go with me, newly-married bride,
And gaze upon a merrier multitude.
White-armed Nuala, Aengus of the Birds,
Feacra of the hurtling foam, and him
Who is the ruler of the Western Host,
Finvarra, and their Land of Heart's Desire,
Where beauty has no ebb, decay no flood,
But joy is wisdom, Time an endless song.
I kiss you and the world begins to fade.
Shawn implores the previously listless Maire to remain in the real world, but she dies in his arms, surrendering herself to the laughter and eternal, youthful dance of the otherworld, and to the seductive draw of immortality and mindless joy.
Characters
Maurteen Bruin
Shawn Bruin
Father Hart
Bridget Bruin
Maire Bruin
A Faery Child
Influence
The play's title is included on the Coat of Arms of County Sligo, Ireland; where the play is set. The county featured in many of his earlier works and, in accordance with his wishes, Yeats was re-buried in 1948 at Drumcliff, a village overlooked by Ben Bulben.
The title of the album Like a Flame by Frederik Magle is derived from a quote from The Land of Heart's Desire.
References
External links
Full text of The Land of Heart's Desire on the Internet Archive
Synopsis of The Land of Heart's Desire from Alice Fort and Herbert Kates, Minute History of the Drama, 1935, p. 117.
Plays by W. B. Yeats
1894 plays |
20461108 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMAS%20Hawk | HMAS Hawk | Two ships of the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) have been named 'HMAS Hawk':
HMAS Hawk, formerly , an auxiliary patrol boat commissioned in 1940 and operating under the Hawk name from March until November 1945, when she was decommissioned
, formerly HMS Gamston and HMS Somerlyton, was commissioned into the RAN in 1961, and decommissioned in 1972
Battle honours
Ships named HMAS Hawk'' are entitled to carry a single battle honour:
Malaysia 1964–66
See also
, several ships of the Royal Navy
, several ships of the United States Navy
References
Royal Australian Navy ship names |
20461116 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B8belringen%20Cup%202008 | Møbelringen Cup 2008 | Møbelringen Cup 2008 was held in Norway, in the cities of Oslo, Gjøvik and Lillestrøm. The tournament started on 21 November and finished on 23 November 2008. Norway won the event by winning all their matches.
Results
All times are Central European Time (UTC+1)
All-Star Team
Goalkeeper:
Left Wing:
Back Player:
Back Player:
Back Player:
Right Wing:
Line Player:
References
Official Site
2008 in handball
2008
2008 in Norwegian sport |
20461119 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric%20Coy | Eric Coy | Eric Eaton Coy (May 16, 1914 – October 28, 1985) was a discus thrower and shot putter, who represented Canada at the 1948 Summer Olympics. He finished 23rd in the discus throw event, and his exact result in the shot put is unknown.
At the 1938 Empire Games he won the gold medal in the discus throw and the silver medal in the shot put. At the 1954 British Empire and Commonwealth Games he finished ninth in the shot put, aged 39.
After retirement from competition, he remained active as a coach in track and field, ice hockey and wrestling, and following his death in 1985 the "Eric E. Coy Memorial Trophy" was donated by his widow, Helen, to be awarded each year to Canada's leading athlete in the four throwing events. The winner for 2006 was the Commonwealth Games hammer silver-medallist and national record-breaker, Jim Steacy.
He has an arena in Winnipeg named after him. He was inducted to the Canadian Track and Field Hall of Fame (1963), Canadian Sports Hall of Fame, and Manitoba Sports Hall of Fame (1980).
References
1914 births
1985 deaths
English emigrants to Canada
Canadian male discus throwers
Canadian male shot putters
Olympic track and field athletes of Canada
Athletes (track and field) at the 1948 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1938 British Empire Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 1954 British Empire and Commonwealth Games
Commonwealth Games gold medallists for Canada
Commonwealth Games silver medallists for Canada
Commonwealth Games medallists in athletics
Athletes from Winnipeg
Sportspeople from Nottingham |
20461161 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Jacques%20Juglas | Jean-Jacques Juglas | Jean-Jacques Juglas (10 June 1904 in Bergerac (Dordogne) – 17 August 1982 in Paris), was a French politician.
Positions
Minister of Overseas France in the Pierre Mendès France government (20 January 1955 to 23 February 1955)
MRP deputy for the Seine (1945-1951)
MRP deputy for Lot-et-Garonne (1951-1955)
President of the Institut de recherche pour le développement (1960s)
References
1904 births
1982 deaths
People from Bergerac, Dordogne
Politicians from Nouvelle-Aquitaine
Popular Republican Movement politicians
French Ministers of Overseas France
Members of the Constituent Assembly of France (1945)
Members of the Constituent Assembly of France (1946)
Deputies of the 1st National Assembly of the French Fourth Republic
Deputies of the 2nd National Assembly of the French Fourth Republic
French people of the Algerian War |
20461176 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis%20William%20Markall | Francis William Markall | Francis William Markall (24 September 1905 – 9 August 1992) was a Roman Catholic Archbishop.
Born in Harringay, Markall was ordained as a Catholic priest at the age of 32 in 1937 and migrated to what was then known as Rhodesia, where he was appointed Coadjutor Archbishop of Salisbury (now Harare, Zimbabwe) in 1956. He resigned 20 years later on 31 May 1976 as Archbishop of Salisbury.
On 29 April 1956, aged 50, he was appointed Titular Archbishop of Cotyaeum and ordained as such five months later, on
8 September 1956.
He died on 9 August 1992, aged 86, as Archbishop Emeritus of Salisbury. He was a Council Father at the Second Vatican Council.
References
People from Harringay
People from Harare
Second Vatican Council
1905 births
1992 deaths
White Rhodesian people
Rhodesian Roman Catholic archbishops
Roman Catholic archbishops of Harare
British expatriate bishops |
20461177 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%27ll%20Tumble%204%20Ya | I'll Tumble 4 Ya | "I'll Tumble 4 Ya" was a hit single from Culture Club's Platinum-plus debut album Kissing to Be Clever.
The 7" single was released only in North America, peaking at #9 in the U.S. and #5 in Canada. In Australia, it was released in September 1983 as a Double A-side single with "Karma Chameleon", peaking at #1 and receiving substantial airplay. With this single, in America, Culture Club was the first band to have three Top 10 singles from a debut album since the Beatles. Much like the group's two prior American hits, this song was aided by a hugely popular MTV music video.
Track listing
Canada 7" vinyl
A. "I'll Tumble 4 Ya" – 2:32
B. "Man Shake" – 2:34
USA 7" vinyl
A. "I'll Tumble 4 Ya" – 2:32
B. "Mystery Boy"
USA 12" vinyl
A. "I'll Tumble 4 Ya" (12") – 4:38
B. "Man Shake" – 2:34
Official versions
"I'll Tumble 4 Ya" (7") – 2:36
"I'll Tumble 4 Ya" (U.S. 12" Remix) – 4:38
"I'll Tumble 4 Ya" (VH1 Storytellers Live)
Chart positions
U.S. Billboard Hot 100: #9
Canadian Singles Charts: #9
U.S. Hot Dance Club Play: #14
U.S. Adult Contemporary: #33
References
Culture Club songs
1983 singles
1982 songs
Virgin Records singles
Songs written by Boy George
Songs written by Roy Hay (musician)
Songs written by Mikey Craig
Songs written by Jon Moss |
20461193 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry%20Hart%20%28athlete%29 | Harry Hart (athlete) | Henry Beltsazer Hart (2 September 1905 – 10 November 1979) was a South African athlete who competed in the 1932 Summer Olympics.
He was born in Harrismith, Orange River Colony, and died in Reitz.
In 1932 he finished tenth in the Olympic shot put event, eleventh in the decathlon competition, and twelfth in the discus throw contest.
At the 1930 Empire Games he won the gold medal in the discus throw event as well as in the shot put competition. He also won the bronze medal in the javelin throw contest and finished fifth in the 120 yards hurdles event. In the 440 yards hurdles competition he was eliminated in the heats.
Four years later at the 1934 Empire Games he won again the gold medal in the discus throw event as well as in the shot put competition. In the javelin throw contest he won the silver medal.
Hart was the owner of the Royal Hotel in Reitz, Free State, South Africa. He was friends with Douglas Fairbanks, Errol Flynn, Clark Gable, Johnny Weissmuller and Blackie Swarts (at that time a cowboy actor and later the first president of South Africa). He was offered the part of Tarzan but refused as he had to return home to his farm to practice for the Empire Games. He had a study-trophy room at his hotel where there were hundreds of photographs of himself in the company of the above-mentioned and Esther Williams, Maureen O'Sullivan and others.
References
External links
1905 births
1979 deaths
People from Harrismith
South African male discus throwers
South African male shot putters
South African male javelin throwers
South African male hurdlers
South African decathletes
Olympic athletes of South Africa
Athletes (track and field) at the 1932 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1930 British Empire Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 1934 British Empire Games
Commonwealth Games gold medallists for South Africa
Commonwealth Games silver medallists for South Africa
Commonwealth Games bronze medallists for South Africa
Commonwealth Games medallists in athletics |
20461198 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standish%2C%20California | Standish, California | Standish is an unincorporated town in Lassen County, California. It is located southwest of Litchfield, at an elevation of . It lies at the northern terminus of County Route A3 (Standish Buntingville Road) on U.S. Route 395. The name honors Miles Standish.
History
Standish was laid out in 1897, as the second development of the Associated Colonies of New York, whose job was to "create utopian communities in the West". As a part of this project, Standish was designed based on the beliefs of Myles Standish, and the economic structure was designed based on the ideas promoted by LDS leader Brigham Young. The design of the town was supposed to model European communities which had the majority of residents leaving the village during the day in order to work in the nearby fields. When the town was built, it was expected that most of the residents would be farmers with houses separated by at least one hundred feet. In autumn 1897, the Associated Colonies purchased the properties of Edward T. Purser and his Susan River Irrigation system. Afterwards, the Associated Colonies recruited local people to form the Honey Lake Valley Colonial Club, which would go on to design the Standish Colony. A site was chosen to build the town on February 5, 1898. It was on February 18, 1898, that the Colonial Irrigation Company of the Honey Lake Valley was incorporated in order to irrigate water for the crops. However, legal problems with the system and water rights caused delay in its operation and the development of Standish; after several legal battles, the courts placed restraints on their irrigation rights. On January 14, 1905, the courts finally ordered the auction of the Colonial Irrigation Company. The post office opened in 1899, having been transferred from Datura.
Points of interest
Standish School
On January 5, 1906, the school district was created. However, its existence was relatively brief; on July 1, 1951, the school district was consolidated with the Bridgeport, Soldier Bridge school district to form the Shaffer Union School District. Then school was then closed.
Standish Hall is a registered historic place.
Climate
This region experiences warm (but not hot) and dry summers, with no average monthly temperatures above . According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Standish has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated "Csb" on climate maps.
See also
W. E. Smythe, founder of the town
References
Unincorporated communities in California
Unincorporated communities in Lassen County, California |
20461205 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Devins%20%28Sinn%20F%C3%A9in%20politician%29 | James Devins (Sinn Féin politician) | James Devins (1873 – 20 September 1922) was an Irish Sinn Féin politician. He was elected unopposed as a Sinn Féin Teachta Dála (TD) to the 2nd Dáil at the 1921 elections for the Sligo–Mayo East constituency. He opposed the Anglo-Irish Treaty and voted against it. He was re-elected as an anti-Treaty Sinn Féin TD to the 3rd Dáil at the 1922 general election. His death in September 1922 "at the hands of former comrades", would indicate that he was a casualty of the Irish Civil War. He was executed without trial with five other comrades who had all surrendered to the Free State troops.
His grandson Jimmy Devins also served as a Fianna Fáil TD for Sligo–North Leitrim from 2002 to 2011.
See also
Families in the Oireachtas
References
1873 births
1922 deaths
Early Sinn Féin TDs
Members of the 2nd Dáil
Members of the 3rd Dáil
Politicians from County Sligo
Politicians from County Mayo |
20461207 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guy%20Smith%20%28bishop%29 | Guy Smith (bishop) | Guy Vernon Smith (15 October 188011 June 1957) was an Anglican bishop in the mid-20th century.
Smith was educated at Winchester and New College, Oxford. Following in the footsteps of his father, a King's Counsel, Smith was called to the Bar in 1905 but then decided on a career move from Law to the Church of England He was ordained in 1907, was a curate in Romford and, from 1909 to 1911, was Chaplain of Oxford House, Bethnal Green. This was 'like a Christian Welfare Society' with 1500 men and 500 boys in clubs, open every night. So began his long association with Arthur Winnington-Ingram, the dynamic Bishop of London. He became Resident Chaplain to the Bishop, and supported the Bishop noted for his jingoistic promotion of British commitment to the Great War. Winnington-Ingram was a renowned preacher who attracted massive publicity, and he toured the Western Front in 1914 with Smith who wrote a book about the visit. Smith himself then served on the Western Front with the Post Office Rifles, distinguishing himself at Bullecourt in June, 1917, winning a Military Cross.
'For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty in accompanying a party of volunteers to get in some wounded men that had been lying out some days. He attached himself to the party that had the most dangerous task and greatly encouraged them by his personal example and fearlessness under heavy fire. He was the first to go out and the last to return, setting a splendid example of devotion to duty'
Unfortunately, Smith caught trench nephritis and spent six months in hospital in England. He was, however, fit enough to accompany Winnington-Ingram on a tour of Greece, Salonica, Malta and Rome. He ended the War as a chaplain at Aldershot and then took up an appointment as Rector of Hackney. From 1925 to 1929 he was Archdeacon of Colombo but returned to London at the behest of Winnington-Ingram to be Suffragan Bishop of Willesden. He was consecrated a bishop on the Feast of St James 1929 (25 July), at St Paul's Cathedral by Cosmo Lang, Archbishop of Canterbury. Once again, Smith provided admirable support for Winnington-Ingram whose powers were waning and who did not resign until 1939 when he was in his eighties. The new Bishop of London was Geoffrey Fisher who proposed Smith for the vacant see at Leicester. Although Lang regarded Smith as 'old maidish', he supported Smith's candidature, and Smith was appointed to Leicester in 1940. Smith enjoyed a reputation in Leicester as a 'saintly man', 'with a patient pastoral care and administrative wisdom'. He retired in 1953. He has a commemorative plaque in Leicester Cathedral.
References
1880 births
People educated at Winchester College
Alumni of New College, Oxford
Recipients of the Military Cross
Archdeacons of Colombo
Bishops of Willesden
Bishops of Leicester
20th-century Church of England bishops
1957 deaths
British Army personnel of World War I
Royal Army Chaplains' Department officers
World War I chaplains |
20461240 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B8belringen%20Cup%202007 | Møbelringen Cup 2007 | The 2007 Møbelringen Cup was held in Sandefjord, Skien and Drammen, Norway. The tournament started on 23 November 2007 and finished on 25 November. Norway won the event on goal difference ahead of Russia and Denmark.
Results
23 November 2007, Sandefjord
24 November 2007, Skien
25 November 2007, Drammen
References
Official Site
Moebelringen Cup
2007
2007 in Norwegian sport |
20461254 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native%20North%20American%20Child%3A%20An%20Odyssey | Native North American Child: An Odyssey | Native North American Child: An Odyssey is a 1974 compilation album released after Buffy Sainte-Marie's departure from Vanguard Records.
The compilation runs through the native theme in Sainte-Marie's writing, seen clearly in such songs as "Now That the Buffalo's Gone", "He's an Indian Cowboy in the Rodeo", "Soldier Blue", "My Country 'Tis of Thy People You're Dying" and the title tune. Two tracks, "Isketayo Sewow (Cree Call)" and "Way, Way, Way", are unique to this album and the former reflects an interest in traditional Native American music that she was to expand upon just before her retirement on Sweet America.
Track listing
All tracks composed by Buffy Sainte-Marie.
"Now That the Buffalo's Gone" - 2:50
"Isketayo Sewow (Cree Call)" - 1:18
"He's an Indian Cowboy in the Rodeo" - 2:04
"Poppies" - 3:02
"It's My Way" - 3:36
"Moonshot" - 3:43
"Soldier Blue" - 3:25
"Way, Way, Way" - 1:43
"The Piney Wood Hills" - 3:08
"My Country 'Tis of Thy People You're Dying" - 6:47
"Native North American Child" - 2:13
"Little Wheel Spin and Spin" - 2:23
References
Native North American Child: An Odyssey
Native North American Child: An Odyssey
Native North American Child: An Odyssey
Native North American Child: An Odyssey |
20461263 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NIAA | NIAA | NIAA may refer to:
National Indigenous Australians Agency, an Australian government agency formed 2019
National Indigenous Arts Awards, Australia
Nebraska Intercollegiate Athletic Association, American intercollegiate athletic conference, 1928–1942
Nevada Interscholastic Activities Association, an association in Nevada, United States
Northern Ireland Association of Aeromodellers, an organization in Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
Northwest Intercollegiate Athletic Association, an amateur athletics federation in the United States, 1902–1914 |
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