With no explanation, label text_A→text_B with either "not_related" or "related".
text_A: Concrete intelligence quotient scores are achieved after testing.
text_B: An intelligence quotient -LRB- IQ -RRB- is a total score derived from several standardized tests designed to assess human intelligence .. human intelligence. human intelligence. intelligence. intelligence. The abbreviation `` IQ '' was coined by the psychologist William Stern for the German term Intelligenzquotient , his term for a scoring method for intelligence tests at University of Wrocław he advocated in a 1912 book .. psychologist. psychologist. William Stern. William Stern ( psychologist ). German. German language. University of Wrocław. University of Wrocław. intelligence. intelligence. Historically , IQ is a score obtained by dividing a person 's mental age score , obtained by administering an intelligence test , by the person 's chronological age , both expressed in terms of years and months .. intelligence. intelligence. The resulting fraction is multiplied by 100 to obtain the IQ score .. When current IQ tests were developed , the median raw score of the norming sample is defined as IQ 100 and scores each standard deviation -LRB- SD -RRB- up or down are defined as 15 IQ points greater or less , although this was not always so historically .. median. median. standard deviation. standard deviation. By this definition , approximately two-thirds of the population scores are between IQ 85 and IQ 115 .. About 5 percent of the population scores above 125 , and 5 percent below 75 .. Scores from intelligence tests are estimates of intelligence because concrete measurements -LRB- e.g. distance , mass -RRB- can not be achieved given the abstract nature of the concept of `` intelligence '' .. intelligence. intelligence. IQ scores have been shown to be associated with such factors as morbidity and mortality , parental social status , and , to a substantial degree , biological parental IQ .. morbidity. morbidity. mortality. mortality rate. While the heritability of IQ has been investigated for nearly a century , there is still debate about the significance of heritability estimates and the mechanisms of inheritance .. heritability of IQ. heritability of IQ. IQ scores are used for educational placement , assessment of intellectual disability , and evaluating job applicants .. intellectual disability. intellectual disability. Even when students improve their scores on standardized tests , they do not always improve their cognitive abilities , such as memory , attention and speed .. In research contexts they have been studied as predictors of job performance , and income .. job performance. Performance rating ( work measurement ). income. income. They are also used to study distributions of psychometric intelligence in populations and the correlations between it and other variables .. intelligence. intelligence. Raw scores on IQ tests for many populations have been rising at an average rate that scales to three IQ points per decade since the early 20th century , a phenomenon called the Flynn effect .. Flynn effect. Flynn effect. Investigation of different patterns of increases in subtest scores can also inform current research on human intelligence .. human intelligence. human intelligence. intelligence. intelligence
related.