With no explanation, label text_A→text_B with either "not_related" or "related".
text_A: Red was directed by a European.
text_B: Germany -LRB- listen -RRB- , is a federal parliamentary republic in central-western Europe .. parliamentary. Parliamentary system. republic. republic. federal. Federation. parliamentary republic. parliamentary republic. central. Central Europe. western. Western Europe. Europe. Europe. It includes 16 constituent states , covers an area of 357,021 km2 , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate .. constituent states. States of Germany. With about 82 million inhabitants , Germany is the most populous member state of the European Union .. European Union. European Union. member state. Member state of the European Union. After the United States , it is the second most popular immigration destination in the world .. United States. United States. immigration destination. Immigration to Germany. Germany 's capital and largest metropolis is Berlin , while its largest conurbation is the Ruhr -LRB- main centres  : Dortmund and Essen -RRB- .. Berlin. Berlin. capital. capital city. largest. List of cities in Germany by population. Ruhr. Ruhr. Dortmund. Dortmund. Essen. Essen. The country 's other major cities are Hamburg , Munich , Cologne , Frankfurt , Stuttgart , Dusseldorf , Leipzig , Bremen , Dresden , Hannover and Nuremberg .. Hamburg. Hamburg. Munich. Munich. Cologne. Cologne. Frankfurt. Frankfurt. Stuttgart. Stuttgart. Dusseldorf. Dusseldorf. Leipzig. Leipzig. Bremen. Bremen. Dresden. Dresden. Hannover. Hannover. Nuremberg. Nuremberg. Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity .. Germanic tribes. Germanic tribes. classical antiquity. classical antiquity. A region named Germania was documented before 100 AD .. Germania. Germania. documented. Germania ( book ). During the Migration Period the Germanic tribes expanded southward .. Germanic tribes. Germanic tribes. Migration Period. Migration Period. Beginning in the 10th century , German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire .. German. Germans. central. Central Europe. Holy Roman Empire. Holy Roman Empire. During the 16th century , northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation .. German. Germans. Protestant Reformation. Protestant Reformation. The remains of the Holy Roman Empire formed the German Confederation in 1815 , while the German revolutions of 1848 -- 49 established major democratic rights first .. German. Germans. Telephone numbers in Germany. Holy Roman Empire. Holy Roman Empire. German Confederation. German Confederation. In 1871 , Germany became a nation state when most of the German states were unified into the Prussian-dominated German Empire .. German. Germans. most of the German states were unified. unification of Germany. German Empire. German Empire. After World War I and the German Revolution of 1918 -- 1919 , the Empire was replaced by the parliamentary Weimar Republic .. German. Germans. parliamentary. Parliamentary system. World War I. World War I. Weimar Republic. Weimar Republic. In 1933 the Nazi seizure of power quickly led to the establishment of Nazi Germany which was built upon a dictatorship and consequently led to World War II and one of the biggest genocides in history , the Holocaust .. Nazi seizure of power. Nazi seizure of power. Nazi Germany. Nazi Germany. World War II. World War II. genocides. Genocides in history. Holocaust. Holocaust. By 1945 Germany and most of Europe were left in destruction and ruins .. Europe. Europe. destruction and ruins. Aerial bombing of cities#European theatre. After the end of World War II in Europe and a period of Allied occupation , two German states were founded  : the democratic Federal Republic of Germany -LRB- commonly known as West Germany -RRB- and the socialist German Democratic Republic -LRB- commonly known as East Germany -RRB- .. German. Germans. Federal. Federalism. Europe. Europe. World War II. World War II. end of World War II in Europe. end of World War II in Europe. Allied occupation. Allied-occupied Germany. Federal Republic of Germany. West Germany. German Democratic Republic. East Germany. A wall encircling West Berlin was created on August 13 , 1961 , and was torn down on November 9 , 1989 .. Berlin. Berlin. On 3 October 1990 , the country was reunified .. On 3 October 1990. German Unity Day. reunified. German reunification. In the 21st century , Germany is a great power and has the world 's fourth-largest economy by nominal GDP , as well as the fifth-largest by PPP .. largest. List of cities in Germany by population. great power. great power. fourth-largest economy by nominal GDP. List of countries by GDP ( nominal ). fifth-largest by PPP. List of countries by GDP ( PPP ). As a global leader in several industrial and technological sectors , it is both the world 's third-largest exporter and importer of goods .. largest. List of cities in Germany by population. third-largest exporter. List of countries by exports. importer. List of countries by imports. Germany is a developed country with a very high standard of living sustained by a skilled and productive society .. developed country. developed country. very high standard of living. List of countries by Human Development Index. It upholds a social security and universal health care system , environmental protection and a tuition-free university education .. social security. Welfare in Germany. universal health care. Healthcare in Germany. university education. Higher education in Germany. The Federal Republic of Germany was a founding member of the European Economic Community in 1957 and the European Union in 1993 .. European Union. European Union. Federal. Federalism. Federal Republic of Germany. West Germany. European Economic Community. European Economic Community. It is part of the Schengen Area , and became a co-founder of the Eurozone in 1999 .. Schengen Area. Schengen Area. Eurozone. Eurozone. Germany is a member of the United Nations , NATO , the G8 , the G20 , and the OECD .. United Nations. United Nations. NATO. NATO. G20. G-20 major economies. OECD. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The national military expenditure is the 9th highest in the world .. Known for its rich cultural history , Germany has been continuously the home of influential and successful artists , philosophers , musicians , sportspeople , entrepreneurs , scientists , engineers , and inventors .. cultural. Culture of Germany. artists. German art. philosophers. German philosophy. musicians. Music of Germany. sportspeople. Sport in Germany. entrepreneurs. List of Germans#Company founders
related.