With no explanation, label text_A→text_B with either "not_related" or "related".
text_A: London was established in the year 43.
text_B: London -LSB- ˈlʌndən -RSB- is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom .. capital. Capital city. England. England. United Kingdom. United Kingdom. Standing on the River Thames in the south east of the island of Great Britain , London has been a major settlement for two millennia .. River Thames. River Thames. Great Britain. Great Britain. It was founded by the Romans , who named it Londinium .. Romans. Roman Empire. Londinium. Londinium. London 's ancient core , the City of London , largely retains its 1.12 sqmi medieval boundaries .. City of London. City of London. City. London City Airport. medieval. Middle Ages. Since at least the 19th century , `` London '' has also referred to the metropolis around this core , historically split between Middlesex , Essex , Surrey , Kent , and Hertfordshire , which today largely makes up Greater London , See also  : Independent city § National capitals .. Greater London. Greater London. metropolis. metropolis. Middlesex. Middlesex. Essex. Essex. Surrey. Surrey. Kent. Kent. Hertfordshire. Hertfordshire. Independent city § National capitals. Independent city#National capitals. governed by the Mayor of London and the London Assembly.The London Mayor is not to be confused with the Lord Mayor of London who heads the City of London Corporation , which administers the City of London .. City of London. City of London. London Assembly. London Assembly. Mayor. Mayor of London. City. London City Airport. Mayor of London. Mayor of London. Lord Mayor of London. Lord Mayor of London. City of London Corporation. City of London Corporation. London is a leading global city in the arts , commerce , education , entertainment , fashion , finance , healthcare , media , professional services , research and development , tourism , and transportation .. global city. global city. It is crowned as the world 's largest financial centre and has the fifth - or sixth-largest metropolitan area GDP in the world.Rankings of cities by metropolitan area GDP can vary as a result of differences in the definition of the boundaries and population sizes of the areas compared , exchange rate fluctuations and the method used to calculate output .. financial centre. financial centre. London and Paris are of broadly similar size in terms of total economic output which can result in third party sources varying as to which is the fifth-largest city GDP in the world .. Paris. Paris. A report by the McKinsey Global Institute published in 2012 estimated that London had a city GDP of US$ 751.8 billion in 2010 , compared to US$ 764.2 billion for Paris , making them respectively the sixth - and fifth-largest in the world .. Paris. Paris. 2012 Summer Olympics. A report by PricewaterhouseCoopers published in November 2009 estimated that London had a city GDP measured in purchasing power parity of US$ 565 billion in 2008 , compared to US$ 564 billion for Paris , making them respectively the fifth - and sixth-largest in the world .. Paris. Paris. The McKinsey Global Institute study used a metropolitan area with a population of 14.9 million for London compared to 11.8 million for Paris , whilst the PricewaterhouseCoopers study used a metropolitan area with a population of 8.59 million for London compared to 9.92 million for Paris .. Paris. Paris. London is a world cultural capital .. capital. Capital city. It is the world 's most-visited city as measured by international arrivals and has the world 's largest city airport system measured by passenger traffic .. London is the world 's leading investment destination , hosting more international retailers and ultra high-net-worth individuals than any other city .. investment. foreign direct investment. international retailers. Retail#Global top ten retailers. London 's universities form the largest concentration of higher education institutes in Europe .. In 2012 , London became the first city to have hosted the modern Summer Olympic Games three times .. 2012 Summer Olympics. Summer Olympic Games. Summer Olympic Games. London has a diverse range of people and cultures , and more than 300 languages are spoken in the region .. Its estimated mid-2015 municipal population -LRB- corresponding to Greater London -RRB- was 8,673,713 , the largest of any city in the European Union , and accounting for 12.5 % of the UK population .. Greater London. Greater London. city in the European Union. List of cities in the European Union by population within city limits. London 's urban area is the second most populous in the EU , after Paris , with 9,787,426 inhabitants at the 2011 census .. Paris. Paris. most populous in the EU. List of metropolitan areas in the European Union. The city 's metropolitan area is the most populous in the EU with 13,879,757 inhabitants , while the Greater London Authority states the population of the city-region -LRB- covering a large part of the south east -RRB- as 22.7 million .. Greater London. Greater London. Greater London Authority. Greater London Authority. most populous in the EU. List of metropolitan areas in the European Union. London was the world 's most populous city from around 1831 to 1925 .. around 1831 to 1925. List of largest cities throughout history. London contains four World Heritage Sites  : the Tower of London ; Kew Gardens ; the site comprising the Palace of Westminster , Westminster Abbey , and St Margaret 's Church ; and the historic settlement of Greenwich -LRB- in which the Royal Observatory , Greenwich marks the Prime Meridian , 0 ° longitude , and GMT -RRB- .. Tower of London. Tower of London. Kew Gardens. Kew Gardens. Palace of Westminster. Palace of Westminster. Westminster Abbey. Westminster Abbey. Greenwich. Greenwich. Prime Meridian. Prime Meridian. longitude. longitude. GMT. Greenwich Mean Time. Other famous landmarks include Buckingham Palace , the London Eye , Piccadilly Circus , St Paul 's Cathedral , Tower Bridge , Trafalgar Square , and The Shard .. Trafalgar Square. Trafalgar Square. London Eye. London Eye. Tower Bridge. Tower Bridge. Buckingham Palace. Buckingham Palace. Piccadilly Circus. Piccadilly Circus. The Shard. The Shard. London is home to numerous museums , galleries , libraries , sporting events , and other cultural institutions , including the British Museum , National Gallery , Natural History Museum , Tate Modern , British Library , and West End theatres .. museums. List of museums in London. sporting events. Sport in London. British Museum. British Museum. National Gallery. National Gallery. Natural History Museum. Natural History Museum, London. Tate Modern. Tate Modern. British Library. British Library. West End. West End theatre. The London Underground is the oldest underground railway network in the world .. London Underground. London Underground
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