With no explanation, label text_A→text_B with either "not_related" or "related".
text_A: A subtype of anti-nuclear antibodies are anti-Sm antibodies.
text_B: Antinuclear antibodies -LRB- ANAs , also known as antinuclear factor or ANF -RRB- are autoantibodies that bind to contents of the cell nucleus .. autoantibodies. autoantibodies. cell nucleus. cell nucleus. In normal individuals , the immune system produces antibodies to foreign proteins -LRB- antigens -RRB- but not to human proteins -LRB- autoantigens -RRB- .. In some individuals , antibodies to human antigens are produced .. There are many subtypes of ANAs such as anti-Ro antibodies , anti-La antibodies , anti-Sm antibodies , anti-nRNP antibodies , anti-Scl-70 antibodies , anti-dsDNA antibodies , anti-histone antibodies , antibodies to nuclear pore complexes , anti-centromere antibodies and anti-sp100 antibodies .. anti-Ro antibodies. anti-Ro antibodies. anti-La antibodies. anti-La antibodies. anti-Sm antibodies. anti-Sm. anti-nRNP antibodies. anti-nRNP. anti-Scl-70 antibodies. anti-Scl-70 antibodies. anti-dsDNA antibodies. anti-dsDNA antibodies. anti-histone antibodies. anti-histone antibodies. anti-centromere antibodies. anti-centromere antibodies. anti-sp100 antibodies. sp100 nuclear antigen. Each of these antibody subtypes binds to different proteins or protein complexes within the nucleus .. They are found in many disorders including autoimmunity , cancer and infection , with different prevalences of antibodies depending on the condition .. autoimmunity. autoimmunity. cancer. cancer. infection. infection. This allows the use of ANAs in the diagnosis of some autoimmune disorders , including systemic lupus erythematosus , Sjogren 's syndrome , scleroderma , mixed connective tissue disease , polymyositis , dermatomyositis , autoimmune hepatitis and drug induced lupus .. systemic lupus erythematosus. systemic lupus erythematosus. scleroderma. scleroderma. mixed connective tissue disease. mixed connective tissue disease. polymyositis. polymyositis. dermatomyositis. dermatomyositis. autoimmune hepatitis. autoimmune hepatitis. drug induced lupus. drug-induced lupus erythematosus. The ANA test detects the autoantibodies present in an individual 's blood serum .. autoantibodies. autoantibodies. blood serum. blood serum. The common tests used for detecting and quantifying ANAs are indirect immunofluorescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay -LRB- ELISA -RRB- .. indirect immunofluorescence. indirect immunofluorescence. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In immunofluorescence , the level of autoantibodies is reported as a titre .. autoantibodies. autoantibodies. titre. titer. This is the highest dilution of the serum at which autoantibodies are still detectable .. autoantibodies. autoantibodies. Positive autoantibody titres at a dilution equal to or greater than 1 :160 are usually considered as clinically significant .. Positive titres of less than 1 :160 are present in up to 20 % of the healthy population , especially the elderly .. Although positive titres of 1 :160 or higher are strongly associated with autoimmune disorders , they are also found in 5 % of healthy individuals .. Autoantibody screening is useful in the diagnosis of autoimmune disorders and monitoring levels helps to predict the progression of disease .. A positive ANA test is seldom useful if other clinical or laboratory data supporting a diagnosis are not present .
related.