A:Dopamine sends signals to other cells. B:Dopamine -LRB- DA , contracted from 3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine -RRB- is an organic chemical of the catecholamine and phenethylamine families that plays several important roles in the brain and body .. organic chemical. organic compound. catecholamine. catecholamine. phenethylamine. phenethylamine. brain. brain. Dopamine. Dopamine ( medication ). It is an amine synthesized by removing a carboxyl group from a molecule of its precursor chemical L-DOPA , which is synthesized in the brain and kidneys .. L-DOPA. L-DOPA. amine. amine. carboxyl group. C-terminus. precursor chemical. precursor ( chemistry ). synthesized. biosynthesis. brain. brain. Dopamine is also synthesized in plants and most animals .. synthesized. biosynthesis. Dopamine. Dopamine ( medication ). In the brain , dopamine functions as a neurotransmitter -- a chemical released by neurons -LRB- nerve cells -RRB- to send signals to other nerve cells .. brain. brain. neurotransmitter. neurotransmitter. The brain includes several distinct dopamine pathways , one of which plays a major role in reward-motivated behavior .. brain. brain. dopamine pathways. dopaminergic pathway. reward-motivated behavior. reward system. Most types of rewards increase the level of dopamine in the brain , and many addictive drugs increase dopamine neuronal activity .. brain. brain. addictive. addiction. Other brain dopamine pathways are involved in motor control and in controlling the release of various hormones .. brain. brain. dopamine pathways. dopaminergic pathway. motor control. motor system. These pathways and cell groups form a dopamine system which is neuromodulatory .. cell groups. dopaminergic cell groups. neuromodulatory. neuromodulation. Outside the central nervous system , dopamine functions primarily as a local chemical messenger .. central nervous system. central nervous system. chemical messenger. neurotransmitter. In blood vessels , it inhibits norepinephrine release and acts as a vasodilator -LRB- at normal concentrations -RRB- ; in the kidneys , it increases sodium excretion and urine output ; in the pancreas , it reduces insulin production ; in the digestive system , it reduces gastrointestinal motility and protects intestinal mucosa ; and in the immune system , it reduces the activity of lymphocytes .. norepinephrine. norepinephrine. vasodilator. vasodilator. pancreas. pancreas. gastrointestinal motility. Gastrointestinal physiology#Motility. intestinal mucosa. intestinal mucosa. lymphocytes. lymphocytes. With the exception of the blood vessels , dopamine in each of these peripheral systems is synthesized locally and exerts its effects near the cells that release it .. synthesized. biosynthesis. Several important diseases of the nervous system are associated with dysfunctions of the dopamine system , and some of the key medications used to treat them work by altering the effects of dopamine .. Parkinson 's disease , a degenerative condition causing tremor and motor impairment , is caused by a loss of dopamine-secreting neurons in an area of the midbrain called the substantia nigra .. substantia nigra. substantia nigra. midbrain. midbrain. Its metabolic precursor L-DOPA can be manufactured , and in its pure form marketed as Levodopa is the most widely used treatment for the condition .. L-DOPA. L-DOPA. There is evidence that schizophrenia involves altered levels of dopamine activity , and most antipsychotic drugs used to treat this are dopamine antagonists which reduce dopamine activity .. schizophrenia. schizophrenia. antipsychotic drugs. antipsychotic. Similar dopamine antagonist drugs are also some of the most effective anti-nausea agents .. dopamine antagonist. dopamine antagonist. anti-nausea agents. antiemetic. Restless legs syndrome and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder -LRB- ADHD -RRB- are associated with decreased dopamine activity .. Restless legs syndrome. Restless legs syndrome. attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Dopaminergic stimulants can be addictive in high doses , but some are used at lower doses to treat ADHD .. addictive. addiction. Dopaminergic. Dopaminergic. stimulants. sympathomimetic drug. Dopamine itself is available as a manufactured medication for intravenous injection  : although it can not reach the brain from the bloodstream , its peripheral effects make it useful in the treatment of heart failure or shock , especially in newborn babies .. brain. brain. Dopamine. Dopamine ( medication ). medication. pharmaceutical drug. intravenous injection. intravenous therapy. heart failure. heart failure. shock. shock ( circulatory ) Answer: petition
A:Tyrion Lannister appears in A Clash of Kings. B:Tyrion Lannister -LRB- also referred to as `` the Imp '' or `` the Halfman '' -RRB- is a fictional character in A Song of Ice and Fire , a series of fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin , and its television adaptation Game of Thrones .. Game of Thrones. Game of Thrones. A Song of Ice and Fire. A Song of Ice and Fire. George R. R. Martin. George R. R. Martin. fictional character. fictional character. fantasy. fantasy. Based on an idea that came to Martin while writing the 1981 novel Windhaven , Tyrion has been called one of the author 's finest creations and most popular characters by The New York Times .. Windhaven. Windhaven. The New York Times. The New York Times. Martin has named the character as his favorite in the series .. Introduced in 1996 's A Game of Thrones , Tyrion is a dwarf and member of House Lannister , one of the wealthiest and most powerful families in the fictional kingdom of Westeros .. Game of Thrones. Game of Thrones. A Game of Thrones. A Game of Thrones. House Lannister. House Lannister. dwarf. dwarfism. Westeros. Westeros. He subsequently appeared in Martin 's A Clash of Kings -LRB- 1998 -RRB- and A Storm of Swords -LRB- 2000 -RRB- .. A Clash of Kings. A Clash of Kings. A Storm of Swords. A Storm of Swords. Tyrion was one of a few prominent characters that were not included in 2005 's A Feast for Crows , but returned in the next novel A Dance with Dragons -LRB- 2011 -RRB- .. A Feast for Crows. A Feast for Crows. A Dance with Dragons. A Dance with Dragons. The character will also appear in the forthcoming volume The Winds of Winter .. The Winds of Winter. The Winds of Winter. The popularity of the character led Martin and Bantam Books to publish The Wit & Wisdom of Tyrion Lannister , an illustrated collection of Tyrion quotes from the novels , in 2013 .. Bantam Books. Bantam Books. The Wit & Wisdom of Tyrion Lannister. The Wit & Wisdom of Tyrion Lannister. In the story , Tyrion uses his status as a Lannister to mitigate the impact of the marginalization and derision he has received all of his life -- even from his own family .. Knowing that no one will ever take him seriously , he soothes his inadequacies with wine , wit , and self-indulgence .. But as the peaceful rule of King Robert Baratheon begins to come apart , Tyrion sees how ill-equipped his family are to hold everything together .. Robert Baratheon. Robert Baratheon. He first saves his own neck from the vengeful Catelyn Stark and her sister Lysa Arryn , then is tasked by his father Tywin to impose order on the capital of King 's Landing -- as well as his nephew Joffrey , the new king -- as civil war is sparked .. Catelyn Stark. Catelyn Stark. Lysa Arryn. Lysa Arryn. Tywin. Tywin Lannister. Joffrey. Joffrey Baratheon. Tyrion struggles to strengthen and protect the city and family who hate him and refuse to see the peril they are in ; when his father returns , Tyrion becomes vulnerable to the wrath and machinations of the self-serving courtiers who surround Joffrey -- including Tyrion 's own scheming sister Cersei .. Joffrey. Joffrey Baratheon. Cersei. Cersei Lannister. Tyrion escapes death again but at great cost , and in fleeing Westeros finds himself in even more danger , but without his Lannister resources .. Westeros. Westeros. Peter Dinklage has garnered enormous praise for his portrayal of the character .. Peter Dinklage. Peter Dinklage. In 2011 , Dinklage received the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series and later the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor in a Series , Miniseries , or Television Film for his portrayal of Tyrion in the HBO series .. Primetime Emmy Award. Primetime Emmy Award. Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series. Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series. Golden Globe Award. Golden Globe Award. HBO. HBO. He won the Emmy again in 2015 .. Among other accolades , Dinklage has been nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award in 2012 , 2013 , 2014 , and 2016 .. Primetime Emmy Award. Primetime Emmy Award Answer: petition
A:Edgar Allan Poe was born on January 19, 1809. B:Edgar Allan Poe -LRB- -LSB- poʊ -RSB- born Edgar Poe ; January 19 , 1809 -- October 7 , 1849 -RRB- was an American writer , editor , and literary critic .. literary critic. Literary criticism. Poe is best known for his poetry and short stories , particularly his tales of mystery and the macabre .. mystery. Mystery ( fiction ). macabre. macabre. He is widely regarded as a central figure of Romanticism in the United States and American literature as a whole , and he was one of the country 's earliest practitioners of the short story .. Romanticism. Romanticism. Poe is generally considered the inventor of the detective fiction genre and is further credited with contributing to the emerging genre of science fiction .. detective fiction. detective fiction. science fiction. science fiction. He was the first well-known American writer to try to earn a living through writing alone , resulting in a financially difficult life and career .. Poe was born in Boston , the second child of two actors .. Boston. Boston. His father abandoned the family in 1810 , and his mother died the following year .. Thus orphaned , the child was taken in by John and Frances Allan of Richmond , Virginia .. They never formally adopted him , but Poe was with them well into young adulthood .. Tension developed later as John Allan and Edgar repeatedly clashed over debts , including those incurred by gambling , and the cost of secondary education for the young man .. Poe attended the University of Virginia for one semester but left due to lack of money .. University of Virginia. University of Virginia. Poe quarreled with Allan over the funds for his education and enlisted in the Army in 1827 under an assumed name .. It was at this time that his publishing career began , albeit humbly , with the anonymous collection of poems Tamerlane and Other Poems -LRB- 1827 -RRB- , credited only to `` a Bostonian '' .. Tamerlane and Other Poems. Tamerlane and Other Poems. With the death of Frances Allan in 1829 , Poe and Allan reached a temporary rapprochement .. However , Poe later failed as an officer cadet at West Point , declaring a firm wish to be a poet and writer , and he ultimately parted ways with John Allan .. West Point. West Point. Poe switched his focus to prose and spent the next several years working for literary journals and periodicals , becoming known for his own style of literary criticism .. His work forced him to move among several cities , including Baltimore , Philadelphia , and New York City .. Baltimore. Baltimore. Philadelphia. Philadelphia. New York City. New York City. In Richmond in 1836 , he married Virginia Clemm , his 13-year-old cousin .. Virginia Clemm. Virginia Eliza Clemm Poe. In January 1845 , Poe published his poem `` The Raven '' to instant success .. The Raven. The Raven. His wife died of tuberculosis two years after its publication .. tuberculosis. tuberculosis. For years , he had been planning to produce his own journal The Penn -LRB- later renamed The Stylus -RRB- , though he died before it could be produced .. The Stylus. The Stylus. Poe died in Baltimore on October 7 , 1849 , at age 40 ; the cause of his death is unknown and has been variously attributed to alcohol , brain congestion , cholera , drugs , heart disease , rabies , suicide , tuberculosis , and other agents .. Baltimore. Baltimore. tuberculosis. tuberculosis. cholera. cholera. rabies. rabies. Poe and his works influenced literature in the United States and around the world , as well as in specialized fields such as cosmology and cryptography .. cosmology. cosmology. cryptography. cryptography. Poe and his work appear throughout popular culture in literature , music , films , and television .. A number of his homes are dedicated museums today .. The Mystery Writers of America present an annual award known as the Edgar Award for distinguished work in the mystery genre .. mystery. Mystery ( fiction ). Mystery Writers of America. Mystery Writers of America. Edgar Award. Edgar Award Answer: petition
A:Queen Victoria's son failed to belong to a German dynasty. B:is a railway station operated by JR East 's Sotobo Line located in Isumi , Chiba Prefecture , Japan .. Isumi. Isumi, Chiba. Chiba. Chiba Prefecture. JR East. East Japan Railway Company. Sotobo Line. Sotobo Line. railway station. railway station. Chiba Prefecture. Chiba Prefecture. Japan. Japan. It is 52.1 kilometers from the terminus of the Sotobo Line at Chiba Station .. Chiba. Chiba Prefecture. Sotobo Line. Sotobo Line. Chiba Station. Chiba Station Answer: one
A:Azerbaijan declared independence in 1918. B:Captain Charles Simeon -LRB- 9 December 1816 -- 29 May 1867 -RRB- was one of the members of the Canterbury Association who emigrated to Canterbury in New Zealand in 1851 .. Charles Simeon. Charles Simeon. Canterbury Association. Canterbury Association. Canterbury. Canterbury Region. The family spent four years in the colony and during this time , he held various important posts and positions .. He returned to England in 1855 .. He was devoted to the Anglican church and three of his sons became priests , while two of his daughters married priests . Answer: one
A:South America is home to the Mississippi River. B:The Mississippi River is the chief river of the second largest drainage system on the North American continent , second only to the Hudson Bay drainage system .. drainage system. Drainage system ( geomorphology ). Hudson Bay. Hudson Bay. river. river. Mississippi. Mississippi. Flowing entirely in the United States -LRB- although its drainage basin reaches into Canada -RRB- , it rises in northern Minnesota and meanders slowly southwards for 2320 mi to the Mississippi River Delta at the Gulf of Mexico .. Gulf of Mexico. Gulf of Mexico. drainage basin. drainage basin. Minnesota. Minnesota. Mississippi River Delta. Mississippi River Delta. Mississippi. Mississippi. With its many tributaries , the Mississippi 's watershed drains all or parts of 31 U.S. states and 2 Canadian provinces between the Rocky and Appalachian Mountains .. tributaries. Tributary. watershed. Drainage basin. Rocky. Rocky Mountains. Appalachian Mountains. Appalachian Mountains. Mississippi. Mississippi. The Mississippi ranks as the fourth longest and fifteenth largest river in the world by discharge .. fourth longest. List of rivers by length. fifteenth largest. List of rivers by discharge. river. river. Mississippi. Mississippi. The river either borders or passes through the states of Minnesota , Wisconsin , Iowa , Illinois , Missouri , Kentucky , Tennessee , Arkansas , Mississippi , and Louisiana .. Minnesota. Minnesota. river. river. Wisconsin. Wisconsin. Iowa. Iowa. Illinois. Illinois. Missouri. Missouri River. Kentucky. Kentucky. Tennessee. Tennessee. Arkansas. Arkansas. Mississippi. Mississippi. Louisiana. Louisiana. Native Americans long lived along the Mississippi River and its tributaries .. tributaries. Tributary. Mississippi. Mississippi. Native Americans. Indigenous peoples of the Americas. Most were hunter-gatherers , but some , such as the Mound Builders , formed prolific agricultural societies .. Mound Builders. Mound Builders. The arrival of Europeans in the 16th century changed the native way of life as first explorers , then settlers , ventured into the basin in increasing numbers .. The river served first as a barrier , forming borders for New Spain , New France , and the early United States , and then as a vital transportation artery and communications link .. river. river. New Spain. New Spain. New France. New France. In the 19th century , during the height of the ideology of manifest destiny , the Mississippi and several western tributaries , most notably the Missouri , formed pathways for the western expansion of the United States .. tributaries. Tributary. Missouri. Missouri River. Mississippi. Mississippi. manifest destiny. manifest destiny. Formed from thick layers of the river 's silt deposits , the Mississippi embayment is one of the most fertile agricultural regions of the country , which resulted in the river 's storied steamboat era .. river. river. Mississippi. Mississippi. silt. silt. Mississippi embayment. Mississippi embayment. steamboat. Steamboats of the Mississippi. During the American Civil War , the Mississippi 's capture by Union forces marked a turning point towards victory due to the river 's importance as a route of trade and travel , not least to the Confederacy .. river. river. Mississippi. Mississippi. American Civil War. American Civil War. Union. Union ( American Civil War ). Confederacy. Confederate States of America. Because of substantial growth of cities and the larger ships and barges that supplanted riverboats , the first decades of the 20th century saw the construction of massive engineering works such as levees , locks and dams , often built in combination .. engineering works. River engineering. locks. Lock ( water navigation ). Since modern development of the basin began , the Mississippi has also seen its share of pollution and environmental problems -- most notably large volumes of agricultural runoff , which has led to the Gulf of Mexico dead zone off the Delta .. Gulf of Mexico. Gulf of Mexico. Mississippi. Mississippi. Gulf of Mexico dead zone. Gulf of Mexico dead zone. In recent years , the river has shown a steady shift towards the Atchafalaya River channel in the Delta ; a course change would be an economic disaster for the port city of New Orleans .. river. river. Atchafalaya River. Atchafalaya River. New Orleans. New Orleans Answer: petition
A:Kiefer Sutherland is a Canadian. B:The Ayurvedic Institute is an Ayurvedic school and Ayurveda health spa in Albuquerque , New Mexico .. Albuquerque. Albuquerque. New Mexico. New Mexico. Ayurvedic. Ayurvedic. Ayurveda. Ayurveda. It was established in 1984 by Vasant Lad as a non-profit 501 -LRB- c -RRB- 3 organization to teach the traditional Ayurvedic medicine of India and to provide these ancient therapies .. Vasant Lad. Vasant Lad. Ayurvedic. Ayurvedic. India. India. The school offers training and services in Ayurvedic healing includes herbs , nutrition , panchakarma cleansing , acupressure massage , cooking , Yoga , Sanskrit , and Jyotish -LRB- Vedic astrology -RRB- .. Ayurvedic. Ayurvedic. herbs. herbs. nutrition. nutrition. panchakarma. panchakarma. acupressure. acupressure. massage. massage. cooking. cooking. Yoga. Yoga. Sanskrit. Sanskrit. Jyotish. Jyotish. Vedic astrology. Vedic astrology Answer: one
A:The President of Russia can adjourn the State Assembly. B:The Regiment de Meuron was a regiment of infantry originally raised in Switzerland in 1781 for service with the Dutch East India Company -LRB- VOC -RRB- .. Dutch East India Company. Dutch East India Company. At the time the French , Spanish , Dutch and other armies employed units of Swiss mercenaries .. Swiss mercenaries. Swiss mercenaries. The regiment was named for its commander , Colonel Charles-Daniel de Meuron , who was born in Neuchatel in 1738 .. Charles-Daniel de Meuron. Charles-Daniel de Meuron. Neuchatel. Neuchatel Answer: one
A:Journey released an album in 1978. B:In enzymology , a secondary-alcohol oxidase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction. enzymology. enzymology. enzyme. enzyme. catalyzes. catalysis. chemical reaction. chemical reaction. a secondary alcohol + O2 a ketone + H2O2. secondary alcohol. secondary alcohol. ketone. ketone. Thus , the two substrates of this enzyme are secondary alcohol and O2 , whereas its two products are ketone and H2O2 .. enzyme. enzyme. substrates. substrate ( biochemistry ). secondary alcohol. secondary alcohol. products. product ( chemistry ). ketone. ketone. This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases , specifically those acting on the CH-OH group of donor with oxygen as acceptor .. enzyme. enzyme. The systematic name of this enzyme class is secondary-alcohol  : oxygen oxidoreductase .. enzyme. enzyme. oxidoreductase. oxidoreductase. systematic name. List of enzymes. Other names in common use include polyvinyl alcohol oxidase , and secondary alcohol oxidase .. secondary alcohol. secondary alcohol Answer:
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