With no explanation, label text_A→text_B with either "not_related" or "related".
text_A: Jim Crow laws were enacted by white Republicans.
text_B: Jim Crow laws were state and local laws that enforced racial segregation in the Southern United States .. racial segregation. racial segregation. Southern United States. Southern United States. Enacted by white Democratic-dominated state legislatures in the late nineteenth century after the Reconstruction period , these laws continued to be enforced until 1965 .. Reconstruction period. Reconstruction era of the United States. They mandated de jure racial segregation in all public facilities in the states of the former Confederate States of America , starting in 1890 with a `` separate but equal '' status for African Americans in railroad cars .. racial segregation. racial segregation. de jure. de jure. Confederate States of America. Confederate States of America. separate but equal. separate but equal. African Americans. African Americans. Public education had essentially been segregated since its establishment in most of the South after the Civil War .. Public education. State school. Civil War. American Civil War. This principle was extended to public facilities and transportation , including segregated cars on interstate trains and , later , buses .. Facilities for African Americans were consistently inferior and underfunded compared to those which were then available to European Americans ; sometimes they did not exist at all .. African Americans. African Americans. European Americans. European Americans. This body of law institutionalized a number of economic , educational , and social disadvantages .. De jure segregation existed mainly in the Southern states , while Northern segregation was generally de facto -- patterns of housing segregation enforced by private covenants , bank lending practices , and job discrimination , including discriminatory labor union practices .. Northern. Northern United States. de facto. de facto. `` Jim Crow '' was a pejorative expression meaning `` Negro '' .. Jim Crow laws -- sometimes , as in Florida , part of state constitutions -- mandated the segregation of public schools , public places , and public transportation , and the segregation of restrooms , restaurants , and drinking fountains for whites and blacks .. Florida. Florida Constitution of 1885. The U.S. military was already segregated .. President Woodrow Wilson initiated segregation of federal workplaces at the request of southern Cabinet members in 1913 .. Woodrow Wilson. Woodrow Wilson. These Jim Crow laws revived principles of the 1800 -- 1866 Black Codes , which had previously restricted the civil rights and civil liberties of African Americans .. African Americans. African Americans. Black Codes. Black Codes ( United States ). civil rights. civil rights. civil liberties. civil liberties. Segregation of public -LRB- state-sponsored -RRB- schools was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court of the United States in 1954 in Brown v. Board of Education .. Supreme Court of the United States. Supreme Court of the United States. Brown v. Board of Education. Brown v. Board of Education. In some states it took years to implement this decision .. Generally , the remaining Jim Crow laws were overruled by the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 , but years of action and court challenges have been needed to unravel the many means of institutional discrimination .. Civil Rights Act of 1964. Civil Rights Act of 1964. Voting Rights Act of 1965. Voting Rights Act of 1965
related.