With no explanation, label text_A→text_B with either "not_related" or "related".
text_A: Bernard Madoff was sentenced in August of 2009.
text_B: Bernard Lawrence `` Bernie '' Madoff -LRB- -LSB- ˈmeɪdɒf -RSB- born April 29 , 1938 -RRB- is an American fraudster and a former stockbroker , investment advisor , and financier .. fraudster. fraud. He is the former non-executive chairman of the NASDAQ stock market , and the admitted operator of a Ponzi scheme that is considered the largest financial fraud in U.S. history .. Ponzi scheme. Ponzi scheme. NASDAQ. NASDAQ. Prosecutors estimated the size of the fraud to be $ 64.8 billion , based on the amounts in the accounts of Madoff 's 4,800 clients as of November 30 , 2008 .. Madoff founded the Wall Street firm Bernard L. Madoff Investment Securities LLC in 1960 , and was its chairman until his arrest on December 11 , 2008 .. Wall Street. Wall Street. The firm was one of the top market maker businesses on Wall Street , which bypassed `` specialist '' firms by directly executing orders over the counter from retail brokers .. Wall Street. Wall Street. market maker. market maker. over the counter. Over-the-counter ( finance ). At the firm , he employed his brother Peter as senior managing director and chief compliance officer , Peter 's daughter Shana Madoff , as the firm 's rules and compliance officer and attorney , and his sons Andrew and Mark .. Peter. Peter Madoff. Shana Madoff. Shana Madoff. Peter has since been sentenced to 10 years in prison and Mark committed suicide by hanging exactly two years after his father 's arrest .. Peter. Peter Madoff. Andrew died of lymphoma on September 3 , 2014 .. On December 10 , 2008 , Madoff 's sons told authorities that their father had confessed to them that the asset management unit of his firm was a massive Ponzi scheme , and quoted him as describing it as `` one big lie '' .. Ponzi scheme. Ponzi scheme. asset management. asset management. The following day , FBI agents arrested Madoff and charged him with one count of securities fraud .. FBI. Federal Bureau of Investigation. securities fraud. securities fraud. The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission -LRB- SEC -RRB- had previously conducted multiple investigations into Madoff 's business practices , but had not uncovered the massive fraud .. U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. On March 12 , 2009 , Madoff pleaded guilty to 11 federal felonies and admitted to turning his wealth management business into a massive Ponzi scheme .. Ponzi scheme. Ponzi scheme. federal. federal crime. felonies. felony. wealth management. wealth management. The Madoff investment scandal defrauded thousands of investors of billions of dollars .. Madoff investment scandal. Madoff investment scandal. Madoff said he began the Ponzi scheme in the early 1990s .. Ponzi scheme. Ponzi scheme. However , federal investigators believe the fraud began as early as the mid-1980s and may have begun as far back as the 1970s .. federal. federal crime. Those charged with recovering the missing money believe the investment operation may never have been legitimate .. The amount missing from client accounts , including fabricated gains , was almost $ 65 billion .. The Securities Investor Protection Corporation -LRB- SIPC -RRB- trustee estimated actual losses to investors of $ 18 billion .. trustee. trust ( law ). On June 29 , 2009 , Madoff was sentenced to 150 years in prison , the maximum allowed .
related.