With no explanation, label text_A→text_B with either "not_related" or "related".
text_A: Ulysses S. Grant served under a President of the United States.
text_B: Ulysses S. Grant -LRB- born Hiram Ulysses Grant ; April 27 , 1822 -- July 23 , 1885 -RRB- was the 18th President of the United States -LRB- 1869 -- 77 -RRB- .. 18th President of the United States. List of Presidents of the United States. As Commanding General -LRB- 1864 -- 69 -RRB- , Grant worked closely with President Abraham Lincoln to lead the Union Army to victory over the Confederacy in the American Civil War .. Abraham Lincoln. Abraham Lincoln. Union Army. Union Army. American Civil War. American Civil War. Commanding General. Commanding General of the United States Army. Confederacy. Confederate States of America. Supported by Congress , Grant implemented Reconstruction , often at odds with President Andrew Johnson .. Andrew Johnson. Andrew Johnson. Reconstruction. Reconstruction Era. Twice elected president , Grant led the Republicans in their effort to remove the vestiges of Confederate nationalism and slavery , protect African-American citizenship , and support economic prosperity .. Republicans. Republican Party ( United States ). African-American. African-American. His presidency has often been criticized for tolerating corruption and for the economic depression in his second term .. Grant graduated in 1843 from the United States Military Academy at West Point , then served in the Mexican -- American War .. United States Military Academy. United States Military Academy. United States Military Academy at West Point. United States Military Academy at West Point. After the war he married Julia Boggs Dent in 1848 , their marriage producing four children .. Julia Boggs Dent. Julia Boggs Dent. Grant initially retired from the Army in 1854 .. He struggled financially in civilian life .. When the Civil War began in 1861 , he rejoined the U.S. Army .. In 1862 , Grant took control of Kentucky and most of Tennessee , and led Union forces to victory in the Battle of Shiloh , earning a reputation as an aggressive commander .. Kentucky. Kentucky in the American Civil War. Tennessee. Tennessee in the American Civil War. Battle of Shiloh. Battle of Shiloh. In July 1863 , after a series of coordinated battles , Grant defeated Confederate armies and seized Vicksburg , giving the Union control of the Mississippi River and dividing the Confederacy in two .. Confederacy. Confederate States of America. Vicksburg. Vicksburg Campaign. Mississippi River. Mississippi River. After his victories in the Chattanooga Campaign , Lincoln promoted him to lieutenant general and Commanding General of the Army in March 1864 .. General of the Army. General of the Army ( United States ). Commanding General. Commanding General of the United States Army. Chattanooga Campaign. Chattanooga Campaign. Grant confronted Robert E. Lee in a series of bloody battles , trapping Lee 's army in their defense of Richmond .. Robert E. Lee. Robert E. Lee. defense of Richmond. Siege of Petersburg. Grant coordinated a series of devastating campaigns in other theaters , as well .. In April 1865 , Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox , effectively ending the war .. Appomattox. Battle of Appomattox Court House. Historians have hailed Grant 's military genius , and his strategies are featured in military history textbooks , but a minority contend that he won by brute force rather than superior strategy .. his strategies. Ulysses S. Grant and the American Civil War. brute force. attrition warfare. After the Civil War , Grant led the army 's supervision of Reconstruction in the former Confederate states .. Reconstruction. Reconstruction Era. Elected president in 1868 , he stabilized the nation during that turbulent period , prosecuted the Ku Klux Klan , and enforced civil rights and voting rights laws using the army and the newly created Department of Justice .. Ku Klux Klan. Ku Klux Klan. Department of Justice. United States Department of Justice. He also used the army to build the Republican Party in the South .. Republican. Republican Party ( United States ). After the disenfranchisement of some former Confederates , Republicans gained majorities , and African Americans were elected to Congress and high state offices .. Republicans. Republican Party ( United States ). disenfranchisement. Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution#Participants in rebellion. The Democrats and Liberal Republicans united behind Grant 's opponent in the presidential election of 1872 , but were unable to defeat his reelection .. Republicans. Republican Party ( United States ). Democrats. Democratic Party ( United States ). Liberal Republicans. Liberal Republicans. In his second term , the Republican coalitions in the South splintered and were defeated one by one as redeemers -LRB- conservative whites -RRB- regained control using coercion and violence .. Republican. Republican Party ( United States ). redeemers. redeemers. whites. European Americans. In response , Grant signed the Civil Rights Act of 1875 into law .. Civil Rights Act of 1875. Civil Rights Act of 1875. In May 1875 , Grant authorized his Secretary of Treasury Benjamin Bristow to prosecute the corrupt Whiskey Ring .. Benjamin Bristow. Benjamin Bristow. Whiskey Ring. Whiskey Ring. Grant 's Indian Peace Policy , incorporating Christian missionaries , initially reduced frontier violence , but it is best known for the Great Sioux War of 1876 .. Great Sioux War of 1876. Great Sioux War of 1876. Grant 's administration faced charges of corruption more than that of any other 19th Century president .. He appointed the first Civil Service Commission and signed legislation ending the corrupt moiety system .. Civil Service Commission. United States Civil Service Commission. In foreign policy , Grant was uneven , having sought to increase trade and influence while remaining at peace with the world .. When Grant relied on his Secretary of State Hamilton Fish , his administration successfully resolved the Alabama claims by the Treaty of Washington with Great Britain , ending wartime tensions .. Hamilton Fish. Hamilton Fish. Treaty of Washington. Treaty of Washington ( 1871 ). Great Britain. United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Additionally , Grant and Fish avoided war with Spain over the Virginius Affair negotiating a peaceful resolution .. Congress rejected Grant 's own attempted annexation of the Dominican Republic initiative , creating a rift among Republicans .. Republicans. Republican Party ( United States ). annexation of the Dominican Republic. Annexation of Santo Domingo. His administration implemented a gold standard and sought to strengthen the dollar .. gold standard. gold standard. Corruption charges escalated during his second term , while his response to the Panic of 1873 proved ineffective nationally in halting the five-year industrial depression that produced high unemployment , low prices , low profits , and bankruptcies .. Panic of 1873. Panic of 1873. Grant left office in 1877 and embarked on a two-year diplomatic world tour that captured the nation 's attention .. In 1880 , Grant was unsuccessful in obtaining the Republican presidential nomination for a third term .. Republican. Republican Party ( United States ). Facing severe investment reversals and dying of throat cancer , he wrote his memoirs , which proved to be a major literary work and financial success .. his memoirs. Personal Memoirs of Ulysses S. Grant. His death in 1885 prompted an outpouring in support of national unity .. Historical assessment of Grant 's legacy has varied considerably over the years .. Historical assessment. Ulysses S. Grant#Historical reputation. Early historical evaluations were negative about Grant 's presidency , often focusing on the corruption charges against his associates .. This trend began to change in the later 20th century .. Scholars in general rank his presidency below the average , but modern research , in part focusing on civil rights , evaluates his administration more positively .. rank his presidency. Historical rankings of Presidents of the United States
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