A:The Hobbit was written by an English artist. B:John Ronald Reuel Tolkien , -LRB- -LSB- ˈtɒlkiːn -RSB- Tolkien pronounced his surname -LSB- ˈtɒlkiːn -RSB- , see his phonetic transcription published on the illustration in The Return of the Shadow  : The History of The Lord of the Rings , Part One .. The Lord of the Rings. The Lord of the Rings. -LSB- Edited by -RSB- Christopher Tolkien .. Christopher. Christopher Tolkien. London  : Unwin Hyman , -LSB- 25 August -RSB- 1988 .. -LRB- The History of Middle-earth ; 6 -RRB- ISBN 0-04-440162-0 .. Middle-earth. Middle-earth. In General American the surname is also pronounced -LSB- ˈtoʊlkiːn -RSB- .. General American. General American. This pronunciation no doubt arose by analogy with such words as toll and polka , or because General American speakers realise -LSB-  /  ɒ  /  -RSB- as -LSB- -LSB- ɑ -RSB- -RSB- , while often hearing British -LSB-  /  ɒ  /  -RSB- as -LSB- -LSB- ɔ -RSB- -RSB- ; thus -LSB- -LSB- ɔ -RSB- -RSB- or General American -LSB- -LSB- oʊ -RSB- -RSB- become the closest possible approximation to the Received Pronunciation for many American speakers .. General American. General American. Received Pronunciation. Received Pronunciation. Wells , John .. 1990 .. Longman pronunciation dictionary .. Harlow  : Longman , ISBN 0-582-05383-8 3 January 1892 -- 2 September 1973 -RRB- was an English writer , poet , philologist , and university professor who is best known as the author of the classic high-fantasy works The Hobbit , The Lord of the Rings , and The Silmarillion .. philologist. philology. The Hobbit. The Hobbit. The Lord of the Rings. The Lord of the Rings. The Silmarillion. The Silmarillion. high-fantasy. high fantasy. He served as the Rawlinson and Bosworth Professor of Anglo-Saxon and Fellow of Pembroke College , Oxford , from 1925 to 1945 and Merton Professor of English Language and Literature and Fellow of Merton College , Oxford from 1945 to 1959 .. Rawlinson and Bosworth Professor of Anglo-Saxon. Rawlinson and Bosworth Professor of Anglo-Saxon. Merton Professor of English Language and Literature. Merton Professors. He was at one time a close friend of C. S. Lewis -- they were both members of the informal literary discussion group known as the Inklings .. Inklings. Inklings. Tolkien was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire by Queen Elizabeth II on 28 March 1972 .. Commander of the Order of the British Empire. Order of the British Empire. Elizabeth II. Elizabeth II. After Tolkien 's death , his son Christopher published a series of works based on his father 's extensive notes and unpublished manuscripts , including The Silmarillion .. The Silmarillion. The Silmarillion. Christopher. Christopher Tolkien. These , together with The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings , form a connected body of tales , poems , fictional histories , invented languages , and literary essays about a fantasy world called Arda and Middle-earth `` Middle-earth '' is derived via Middle English middel-erthe , middel-erd from middangeard , an Anglo-Saxon cognate of Old Norse -LSB- Midgard , Miðgarðr -RSB- , the land inhabited by humans in Norse mythology .. The Hobbit. The Hobbit. The Lord of the Rings. The Lord of the Rings. Arda. Arda ( Middle-earth ). Middle-earth. Middle-earth. Norse mythology. Norse mythology. within it .. Between 1951 and 1955 , Tolkien applied the term legendarium to the larger part of these writings .. legendarium. Tolkien's legendarium. While many other authors had published works of fantasy before Tolkien , the great success of The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings led directly to a popular resurgence of the genre .. The Hobbit. The Hobbit. The Lord of the Rings. The Lord of the Rings. a popular resurgence of the genre. works inspired by J. R. R. Tolkien. This has caused Tolkien to be popularly identified as the `` father '' of modern fantasy literature -- or , more precisely , of high fantasy .. high fantasy. high fantasy. In 2008 , The Times ranked him sixth on a list of `` The 50 greatest British writers since 1945 '' .. The Times. The Times. Forbes ranked him the 5th top-earning `` dead celebrity '' in 2009 .. Forbes. Forbes Answer: penalty
A:Star Wars is a car. B:In cryptanalysis , gardening is the act of encouraging a target to use known plaintext in an encrypted message .. cryptanalysis. cryptanalysis. known plaintext. known plaintext. It was a term used at the British Government Code and Cypher School at Bletchley Park , England , during World War II , for schemes to entice the Germans to include particular words , which the British called `` cribs '' , in their encrypted messages .. Bletchley Park. Bletchley Park. World War II. World War II. cribs. crib ( cryptanalysis ). This term presumably came from RAF minelaying missions , or `` gardening '' sorties .. `` Gardening '' was standard RAF slang for sowing mines in rivers , ports and oceans from low heights , possibly because each sea area around the European coasts was given a code-name of flowers or vegetables .. The technique is claimed to have been most effective against messages produced by the German Navy 's Enigma machines .. If the Germans had recently swept a particular area for mines , and analysts at Bletchley Park were in need of some cribs , they might -LRB- and apparently did on several occasions -RRB- request that the area be mined again .. Bletchley Park. Bletchley Park. cribs. crib ( cryptanalysis ). This would hopefully evoke encrypted messages from the local command mentioning Minen -LRB- German for mines -RRB- and / or the location , and perhaps messages also from the headquarters with minesweeping ships to assign to that location , mentioning the same .. It worked often enough to try several times .. This crib-based decryption is an example of a chosen-plaintext attack , because plain text effectively chosen by the British was injected into the ciphertext .. crib-based decryption. Cryptanalysis of the Enigma#Crib-based decryption. chosen-plaintext attack. chosen-plaintext attack Answer: notebooks
A:Robert Redford directed A River Runs Through It. B:There are various regional Southern Italy autonomist movements , covering the political spectrum from socialist to Bourbon monarchist .. socialist. socialist. Bourbon. House of Bourbon. monarchist. monarchist. Southern Italy. Southern Italy. Since the fall of the Roman Empire , Southern Italy often experienced distinct historical developments when compared to Northern Italy .. Roman Empire. Roman Empire. Southern Italy. Southern Italy. Northern Italy. Northern Italy. historical. Sardinia#History. As a result , it has developed distinctive cultures and identities that persist to this day .. After the Kingdom of Italy took control of the south in 1861 , as well as the rest of Italy apart from present day Veneto , Friuli-Venezia Giulia and Trentino-Alto Adige / S udtirol , which were annexed later , it took many years before resistance died down and central authority was established .. Kingdom of Italy. Kingdom of Italy ( 1861–1946 ). Veneto. Veneto. Friuli-Venezia Giulia. Friuli-Venezia Giulia. During World War II there were fresh attempts by Sicilians to achieve independence .. Sicilians. Sicily. Political groups continue to advocate greater autonomy , or sometimes even independence , for southern Italy .. However , the demand for autonomy or independence , with the exception of the island of Sardinia which is often included as part of Southern Italy , is now weaker in the South than in the North .. Southern Italy. Southern Italy. Sardinia. Sardinia. This article does not include Sardinia nor its own nationalist movement , being grounded on different historical and cultural reasons and backgrounds .. Sardinia. Sardinia. nationalist movement. Sardinian nationalism. historical. Sardinia#History. cultural. Sardinia#Culture Answer: notebooks
A:Macbeth was probably first performed in 1806. B:Macbeth -LRB- -LSB- məkˈbɛθ -RSB- full title The Tragedy of Macbeth -RRB- is a tragedy by William Shakespeare ; it is thought to have been first performed in 1606 .. tragedy. Shakespearean tragedy. William Shakespeare. William Shakespeare. 1606 in literature. Macbeth. Macbeth ( character ). It dramatises the damaging physical and psychological effects of political ambition on those who seek power for its own sake .. Of all the plays that Shakespeare wrote during the reign of James I , who was patron of Shakespeare 's acting company , Macbeth most clearly reflects the playwright 's relationship with his sovereign .. reign of James I. Jacobean era. acting company. playing company. Macbeth. Macbeth ( character ). It was first published in the Folio of 1623 , possibly from a prompt book , and is Shakespeare 's shortest tragedy .. tragedy. Shakespearean tragedy. Folio of 1623. First Folio. prompt book. prompt book. A brave Scottish general named Macbeth receives a prophecy from a trio of witches that one day he will become King of Scotland .. Macbeth. Macbeth ( character ). King of Scotland. King of Scotland. Consumed by ambition and spurred to action by his wife , Macbeth murders King Duncan and takes the Scottish throne for himself .. Macbeth. Macbeth ( character ). Duncan. Duncan I of Scotland. He is then wracked with guilt and paranoia .. Forced to commit more and more murders to protect himself from enmity and suspicion , he soon becomes a tyrannical ruler .. The bloodbath and consequent civil war swiftly take Macbeth and Lady Macbeth into the realms of madness and death .. Macbeth. Macbeth ( character ). Shakespeare 's source for the story is the account of Macbeth , King of Scotland ; Macduff ; and Duncan in Holinshed 's Chronicles -LRB- 1587 -RRB- , a history of England , Scotland , and Ireland familiar to Shakespeare and his contemporaries , although the events in the play differ extensively from the history of the real Macbeth .. Macbeth. Macbeth ( character ). King of Scotland. King of Scotland. Macduff. Macduff ( Macbeth ). Duncan. Duncan I of Scotland. The events of the tragedy are usually associated with the execution of Henry Garnet for complicity in the Gunpowder Plot of 1605 .. tragedy. Shakespearean tragedy. Henry Garnet. Henry Garnet. Gunpowder Plot. Gunpowder Plot. In the backstage world of theatre , some believe that the play is cursed , and will not mention its title aloud , referring to it instead as `` The Scottish Play '' .. The Scottish Play. The Scottish Play. Over the course of many centuries , the play has attracted some of the most renowned actors to the roles of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth .. Macbeth. Macbeth ( character ). It has been adapted to film , television , opera , novels , comics , and other media .. opera. Macbeth ( opera ) Answer: penalty
A:The Host stars an actor born in March. B:William McChord Hurt -LRB- born March 20 , 1950 -RRB- is an American actor .. American. Americans. He received his acting training at the Juilliard School and began acting on stage in the 1970s .. Juilliard School. Juilliard School. Hurt made his film debut in 1980 as a troubled scientist in Ken Russell 's science-fiction feature Altered States , for which he received a Golden Globe nomination for New Star of the Year .. Ken Russell. Ken Russell. Altered States. Altered States. Golden Globe. Golden Globe Award. New Star of the Year. Golden Globe Award for New Star of the Year - Actor. He subsequently played a leading role , as a lawyer who succumbs to the temptations of Kathleen Turner , in the neo-noir Body Heat -LRB- 1981 -RRB- .. Kathleen Turner. Kathleen Turner. neo-noir. neo-noir. Body Heat. Body Heat. In 1985 , Hurt garnered critical acclaim and multiple acting awards , including an Academy Award and a BAFTA Award for Best Actor , for Kiss of the Spider Woman .. Academy Award. Academy Award. BAFTA. British Academy Film Awards. Kiss of the Spider Woman. Kiss of the Spider Woman ( film ). He received another two Academy Award nominations for his lead performances in Children of a Lesser God -LRB- 1986 -RRB- and Broadcast News -LRB- 1987 -RRB- .. Academy Award. Academy Award. Children of a Lesser God. Children of a Lesser God. Broadcast News. Broadcast News ( film ). Hurt remained an active stage actor throughout the 1980s , appearing in Off-Broadway productions , including Henry V , Fifth of July , Richard II and A Midsummer Night 's Dream .. Off-Broadway. Off-Broadway. Henry V. Henry V ( play ). Fifth of July. Fifth of July. Richard II. Richard II ( play ). Hurt received his first Tony Award nomination in 1985 for the Broadway production of Hurlyburly .. Tony Award. Tony Award. Hurlyburly. Hurlyburly. After playing a diversity of character roles in the following decade , Hurt earned his fourth Academy Award nomination for his supporting performance in David Cronenberg 's crime thriller A History of Violence -LRB- 2005 -RRB- .. Academy Award. Academy Award. David Cronenberg. David Cronenberg. A History of Violence. A History of Violence ( film ). Other notable films in recent years have included A.I. Artificial Intelligence -LRB- 2001 -RRB- , The Village -LRB- 2004 -RRB- , Syriana -LRB- 2005 -RRB- , The Good Shepherd -LRB- 2006 -RRB- , Mr. Brooks -LRB- 2007 -RRB- , Into the Wild -LRB- 2007 -RRB- , The Incredible Hulk -LRB- 2008 -RRB- , Robin Hood -LRB- 2010 -RRB- and Captain America  : Civil War -LRB- 2016 -RRB- .. A.I. Artificial Intelligence. A.I. Artificial Intelligence. The Village. The Village ( 2004 film ). Syriana. Syriana. The Good Shepherd. The Good Shepherd ( film ). Mr. Brooks. Mr. Brooks. Into the Wild. Into the Wild ( film ). The Incredible Hulk. The Incredible Hulk ( film ). Robin Hood. Robin Hood ( 2010 film ) Answer: penalty
A:Shia LaBeouf is a male performer. B:Shia Saide LaBeouf -LRB- -LSB- ˈʃaɪ.ə   ləˈbʌf -RSB- born June 11 , 1986 -RRB- is an American actor , performance artist , and filmmaker .. performance artist. performance artist. He became known among younger audiences as Louis Stevens in the Disney Channel series Even Stevens , a role for which LaBeouf received a Young Artist Award nomination in 2001 and won a Daytime Emmy Award in 2003 .. Disney Channel. Disney Channel. Even Stevens. Even Stevens. Young Artist Award. Young Artist Award. Daytime Emmy Award. Daytime Emmy Award. He made his film debut in Holes -LRB- 2003 -RRB- , based on the novel of the same name by Louis Sachar .. Holes. Holes ( film ). novel of the same name. Holes ( novel ). Louis Sachar. Louis Sachar. In 2004 , he made his directorial debut with the short film Let 's Love Hate and later directed a short film titled Maniac -LRB- 2011 -RRB- , starring American rappers Cage and Kid Cudi .. Maniac. Maniac ( 2011 film ). Cage. Cage ( rapper ). Kid Cudi. Kid Cudi. In 2007 , LaBeouf starred in the commercially successful films Disturbia and Surf 's Up .. Disturbia. Disturbia ( film ). The same year he was cast in Michael Bay 's science fiction film Transformers as Sam Witwicky , the main protagonist of the series .. Michael Bay. Michael Bay. Transformers. Transformers ( film ). Sam Witwicky. Sam Witwicky ( Transformers film series ). Despite mixed reviews , Transformers was a box office success and one of the highest-grossing films of 2007 .. Transformers. Transformers ( film ). LaBeouf later appeared in its sequels Transformers  : Revenge of the Fallen -LRB- 2009 -RRB- and Transformers  : Dark of the Moon -LRB- 2011 -RRB- , both also box office successes .. Transformers. Transformers ( film ). In 2008 , he played Henry `` Mutt Williams '' Jones III in Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull , the fourth film in the Indiana Jones franchise .. Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull. Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull. His other films include Wall Street  : Money Never Sleeps -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , Lawless -LRB- 2012 -RRB- , The Company You Keep -LRB- 2012 -RRB- , Nymphomaniac -LRB- 2013 -RRB- and Fury -LRB- 2014 -RRB- .. Lawless. Lawless ( 2012 film ). The Company You Keep. The Company You Keep ( film ). Nymphomaniac. Nymphomaniac ( film ). Fury. Fury ( 2014 film ). Since 2014 , LaBeouf has pursued a variety of public performance art projects with LaBeouf , Ronkko & Turner . Answer: penalty
A:Unforgettable has the director Denise Di Novi. B:Frank Watson may refer to  :. Frank Watson -LRB- cricketer -RRB- , English first-class cricketer. Frank Watson -LRB- politician -RRB- , Republican Minority Leader of the Illinois State Senate. Frank Watson -LRB- rugby league -RRB- , rugby league footballer of the 1940s and 1950s for Leeds , and Castleford. Frank Rushmore Watson , Philadelphia architect. Frank Rushmore Watson. Frank Rushmore Watson Answer: notebooks
A:Reba McEntire sang for charity. B:In enzymology , a 1,4-lactonase is an enzyme that catalyzes the generic chemical reaction  :. enzymology. enzymology. enzyme. enzyme. catalyzes. catalysis. chemical reaction. chemical reaction. a 1,4-lactone + H2O a 4-hydroxyacid. 1,4-lactone. 1,4-lactone. 4-hydroxyacid. 4-hydroxyacid. Thus , the two substrates of this enzyme are 1,4-lactone and H2O , whereas its product is 4-hydroxyacid .. enzyme. enzyme. substrates. substrate ( biochemistry ). 1,4-lactone. 1,4-lactone. product. product ( chemistry ). 4-hydroxyacid. 4-hydroxyacid. This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases , specifically those acting on carboxylic ester bonds .. enzyme. enzyme. ester. ester. The systematic name of this enzyme class is 1,4-lactone .. enzyme. enzyme. 1,4-lactone. 1,4-lactone. systematic name. List of enzymes. This enzyme is also called gamma-lactonase .. enzyme. enzyme. This enzyme participates in galactose metabolism and ascorbate and aldarate metabolism .. enzyme. enzyme. galactose metabolism. galactose metabolism. ascorbate and aldarate metabolism. ascorbate and aldarate metabolism. It employs one cofactor , calcium .. cofactor. cofactor ( biochemistry ). calcium. calcium Answer: notebooks
A:Sons of Anarchy was first broadcast on FX. B:Denes Birkas , also known as Dejan Bikar -LRB- March 13 , 1907 -- July 10 , 1996 -RRB- , was a Hungarian field hockey player who competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics .. Hungarian. Hungary. field hockey. field hockey. 1936 Summer Olympics. 1936 Summer Olympics. He was born in Budapest .. Budapest. Budapest. In 1936 he was a member of the Hungarian team which was eliminated in the group stage of the Olympic tournament .. Hungarian. Hungary. Olympic tournament. Field hockey at the 1936 Summer Olympics. He played all three matches as halfback . Answer:
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