With no explanation, label text_A→text_B with either "not_related" or "related".
text_A: The Existence of God has been opposed by René Descartes.
text_B: The existence of God is a subject of debate in the philosophy of religion , popular culture , and philosophy .. philosophy of religion. philosophy of religion. popular culture. popular culture. God. God. existence. existence. A wide variety of arguments for and against the existence of God can be categorized as metaphysical , logical , empirical , or subjective .. God. God. metaphysical. Metaphysics. empirical. Empirical research. subjective. Subjectivity. existence. existence. In philosophical terms , the question of the existence of God involves the disciplines of epistemology -LRB- the nature and scope of knowledge -RRB- and ontology -LRB- study of the nature of being , existence , or reality -RRB- and the theory of value -LRB- since some definitions of God include `` perfection '' -RRB- .. God. God. philosophical. Philosophy. epistemology. epistemology. knowledge. knowledge. ontology. ontology. being. being. existence. existence. reality. reality. theory of value. Value theory. The Western tradition of philosophical discussion of the existence of God began with Plato and Aristotle , who made arguments that would now be categorized as cosmological .. God. God. philosophical. Philosophy. existence. existence. Western tradition of philosophical discussion. Western philosophy. Plato. Plato. Aristotle. Aristotle. cosmological. cosmological argument. Other arguments for the existence of God have been proposed by St. Anselm , who formulated the first ontological argument ; Ibn Rushd -LRB- Averroes -RRB- and Thomas Aquinas , who presented their own versions of the cosmological argument -LRB- the kalam argument and the first way , respectively -RRB- ; Rene Descartes , who said that the existence of a benevolent God is logically necessary for the evidence of the senses to be meaningful ; and Immanuel Kant , who argued that the existence of God can be deduced from the existence of good .. God. God. existence. existence. cosmological. cosmological argument. St. Anselm. Anselm of Canterbury. ontological argument. ontological argument. Thomas Aquinas. Thomas Aquinas. first way. Quinque viae. Rene Descartes. Rene Descartes. logically necessary. logically necessary. Immanuel Kant. Immanuel Kant. deduced. Deductive reasoning. good. good and evil. Philosophers who have provided arguments against the existence of God include the aforementioned Kant , David Hume , Friedrich Nietzsche and Bertrand Russell .. God. God. existence. existence. David Hume. David Hume. Friedrich Nietzsche. Friedrich Nietzsche. Bertrand Russell. Bertrand Russell. In modern culture , the question of God 's existence has been discussed by scientists such as Stephen Hawking , Francis Collins , Lawrence M. Krauss , Richard Dawkins and John Lennox , as well as philosophers including Richard Swinburne , Alvin Plantinga , William Lane Craig , Rebecca Goldstein , A. C. Grayling , Daniel Dennett , Edward Feser , David Bentley Hart and Sam Harris .. God. God. existence. existence. Stephen Hawking. Stephen Hawking. Francis Collins. Francis Collins. Lawrence M. Krauss. Lawrence M. Krauss. Richard Dawkins. Richard Dawkins. John Lennox. John Lennox. Richard Swinburne. Richard Swinburne. Alvin Plantinga. Alvin Plantinga. William Lane Craig. William Lane Craig. Rebecca Goldstein. Rebecca Goldstein. A. C. Grayling. A. C. Grayling. Daniel Dennett. Daniel Dennett. Edward Feser. Edward Feser. David Bentley Hart. David Bentley Hart. Sam Harris. Sam Harris. Scientists follow the scientific method , within which theories must be verifiable by physical experiment .. On that basis , the question regarding the existence of God , for which evidence can not be tested , definitionally lies outside the purview of modern science .. God. God. existence. existence. The Catholic Church maintains that knowledge of the existence of God is the `` natural light of human reason '' .. God. God. knowledge. knowledge. existence. existence. Catholic Church. Catholic Church. Fideists acknowledge that belief in the existence of God may not be amenable to demonstration or refutation , but rests on faith alone .. God. God. existence. existence. Fideists. Fideism. faith. faith. Atheism views arguments for the existence of God as insufficient , mistaken or weighing less in comparison to arguments against .. God. God. existence. existence. Atheism. Atheism. Other religions , such as Buddhism , do not concern themselves with the existence of gods at all , while religions such as Jainism reject the possibility of a creator deity .. existence. existence. Buddhism. Buddhism. Jainism. Jainism. creator deity. creator deity
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