With no explanation, label text_A→text_B with either "not_related" or "related".
text_A: Sean Connery was a supporting actor in The Untouchables.
text_B: In economics , economic rent is any payment to a factor of production in excess of the cost needed to bring that factor into production .. economics. political economy. factor of production. factor of production. production. Production ( economics ). In classical economics , economic rent is any payment made -LRB- including imputed value -RRB- or benefit received for non-produced inputs such as location -LRB- land -RRB- and for assets formed by creating official privilege over natural opportunities -LRB- e.g. , patents -RRB- .. economics. political economy. land. land ( economics ). privilege. Privilege ( legal ethics ). In neoclassical economics , economic rent also includes income gained by beneficiaries of other contrived exclusivity , such as labor guilds and unofficial corruption .. economics. political economy. neoclassical economics. neoclassical economics. Economic rent should not be confused with producer surplus , or normal profit , both of which involve productive human action .. producer surplus. producer surplus. normal profit. Normal profit#Normal profit. Economic rent is also independent of opportunity cost , unlike economic profit , where opportunity cost is an essential component .. opportunity cost. opportunity cost. economic profit. Profit ( economics ). Economic rent should be viewed as unearned revenue , whereas economic profit is a narrower term describing surplus income greater than the next best risk-adjusted alternative .. economic profit. Profit ( economics ). unearned. unearned income. Unlike economic profit , economic rent can not be eliminated by competition , since all value from natural resources and locations yields economic rent .. economic profit. Profit ( economics ). resources. resources. In regard to labor , economic rent can be created by the existence of guilds or labor unions -LRB- e.g. , higher pay for workers , where political action creates a scarcity of such workers -RRB- .. scarcity. scarcity. For a produced commodity , economic rent may also be due to the legal ownership of a patent -LRB- a politically enforced right to the use of a process or ingredient -RRB- .. patent. patent. For occupational licensing , it is the cost of permits and licenses that are politically controlled as to their number , regardless of the competence and willingness of those who wish to compete in the area being licensed .. occupational licensing. occupational licensing. For most other production , including agriculture and extraction , economic rent is due to a scarcity of natural resources -LRB- e.g. , land , oil , or minerals -RRB- .. land. land ( economics ). scarcity. scarcity. production. Production ( economics ). resources. resources. When economic rent is privatized , the recipient of economic rent is referred to as a rentier .. rentier. rentier capitalism. By contrast , in production theory , if there is no exclusivity and there is perfect competition , there are no economic rents , as competition drives prices down to their floor .. production. Production ( economics ). production theory. production theory. perfect competition. perfect competition. Economic rent is different from other unearned and passive income , including contract rent .. unearned. unearned income. passive. passive income. contract rent. Renting. This distinction has important implications for public revenue and tax policy .. tax. tax. As long as there is sufficient accounting profit , governments can collect a portion of economic rent for the purpose of public finance .. accounting profit. Profit ( accounting ). public finance. public finance. For example , economic rent can be collected by a government as royalties or extraction fees in the case of resources such as minerals and oil and gas .. royalties. royalties. extraction fees. Royalties#Non-renewable resource royalties. resources. resources. Historically , theories of rent have typically applied to rent received by different factor owners within a single economy .. Hossein Mahdavy was the first to introduce the concept of `` external rent '' , whereby one economy received rent from other economies .. external rent. external rent
not_related.