[RESULTS] A significantly high mean SAT and low mean LPI was observed in group 1 at postoperative 1 , 3 , 6 , 12 , 18 , 24 , and 36hours ( 4.9 > 2.4 , 5.9 > 3.7 , 6.3 > 5.0 , 6.8 > 5.7 , 7.3 > 6.2 , 7.5 > 6.6 , and 7.7 > 7.0 , respectively ) , ( 1.1 < 3.0 , 0.8 < 2.5 , 0.7 < 2.0 , 0.7 < 1.6 , 0.6 < 1.3 , 0.6 < 1.0 , and 0.4 < 0.7 , respectively ) .