[RESULTS] At term-equivalent age , compared with untreated controls , fewer infants treated with recombinant human erythropoietin had abnormal scores for white matter injury ( 22 % [ 17/77 ] vs 36 % [ 32/88 ] ; adjusted risk ratio [ RR ] , 0.58 ; 95 % CI , 0.35-0 .96 ) , white matter signal intensity ( 3 % [ 2/77 ] vs 11 % [ 10/88 ] ; adjusted RR , 0.20 ; 95 % CI , 0.05-0 .90 ) , periventricular white matter loss ( 18 % [ 14/77 ] vs 33 % [ 29/88 ] ; adjusted RR , 0.53 ; 95 % CI , 0.30-0 .92 ) , and gray matter injury ( 7 % [ 5/77 ] vs 19 % [ 17/88 ] ; adjusted RR , 0.34 ; 95 % CI , 0.13-0 .89 ) .