[RESULTS] In simple linear regression , the following were associated with higher life chaos : medication nonadherence ( = 1.86 ; 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 0.96-2 .76 ) , female sex ( = 1.22 ; 95 % CI [ 0.22-2 .24 ] ) , minority race ( = 1.72 ; 95 % CI [ 0.78-2 .66 ] ) , having less than high school education ( = 2.05 ; 95 % CI [ 0.71-3 .39 ] ) , low health literacy ( = 2.06 ; 95 % CI [ 0.86-3 .26 ] ) , and inadequate financial status ( = 1.93 ; 95 % CI [ 0.87-3 .00 ] ) .