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41049630

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuproxena%20golondrina

Cuproxena golondrina

Cuproxena golondrina is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Carchi Province, Ecuador. The wingspan is about 16.5 mm. The ground colour of the forewings is cinnamon, but more orange around the costal marking, with weak refractive strigulae (fine streaks). The hindwings are orange. Etymology The species name refers to the type locality, the Forest Reserve Golondrinas. References Moths described in 2008 Cuproxena Moths of South America Taxa named by Józef Razowski

38059779

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ewald%20Hasler

Ewald Hasler

Ewald Hasler (3 August 1932 – 7 April 2013) was a Liechtenstein cyclist. He competed in the individual road race event at the 1952 Summer Olympics where he ranked 43rd out of 111 participants. References External links 1932 births 2013 deaths Liechtenstein male cyclists Olympic cyclists for Liechtenstein Cyclists at the 1952 Summer Olympics

9796520

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galleguita

Galleguita

Galleguita is a 1940 Argentine musical film written and directed by Julio Irigoyen. It premiered on 28 June 1940. Cast Jorge Aldao Roberto Diaz Alvaro Escobar Haydee Larroca Perla Mary Ines Murray Enrique Vimo External links 1940 films 1940s Spanish-language films Argentine black-and-white films Argentine musical films Films directed by Julio Irigoyen 1940 musical films 1940s Argentine films

3100129

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandor%2C%20Palghar

Sandor, Palghar

Sandor is a census town falling within the Vasai (Bassein) municipality of the Palghar district (previously Taana district), in the Konkan division of Maharashtra, India. Sandoris, the natives of Sandor, are predominantly Roman Catholic Kshatriyas of the Christian Bombay East Indian community, they converted in the colony centred around Bassein, the richest possession of the former Portuguese East Indies with the capital at Velha Goa, in the southern edge of the Konkan region. Prior to the arrival of Portuguese Armadas, there had also been some Nestorians descended from Jewish converts, by the efforts of the apostles Thomas or Bartholomew. History The natives of the Bassein (Vasai) are predominantly people whose culture derives from a composite of the Konkani substrate, overlaid by the Portuguese, Marathi& British rulers. The Sandoris are predominantly of the Vadval sub-ethnic group, and speak the Vadvali dialect, which is considered by the government as a dialect of Marathi, although this view is disputed. Following the conversions of 1564, a Portuguese noblewoman, Donna Irina, had a chapel, Our Lady of Help (Nossa Senhora da Ajuda) built in the village for the converts. The first Holy Mass was held in this chapel on 11 November 1566 by the Jesuit missionaries. A Sandorian tradition states that St Gonsalo Garcia, who was martyred in Shogunate era Japan, was present as a young boy at the foundation laying ceremony of the chapel. The chapel was renamed after Thomas the Apostle, when in 1565, his picture was brought from the fort and enshrined in the chapel. It seems that sometime or the other a new church was built a little further towards the north occupying the actual site on which the present edifice stands. The church was destroyed by invaders from Sultanate of Guzerat in 1571, and was reconstructed in 1573. Pedro de Almeida, a Jesuit was appointed the 'Pai dos Cristaos' for 1574–1576, with charge of the Christians of Sandor and Papdy parishes. In 1679, Arabs from Gujarat once again attacked and damaged the church. In 1690, a certain invader by name of 'Kakaji' also attacked and damaged the church. The Mahratta Invasion of Bassein in 1739 did not destroy the chapel, although the Jesuits were forced to leave and it was thereafter served by the secular priests. The chapel was enlarged in 1889. The three altars of the chapel are from one of the original churches in the Fort San Sebastian of Bassein. At some time, a cross and a grotto to Our Lady of Lourdes was added. It is not known when the chapel was elevated to the rank of a parish church, but from the evidence, it seems to be some time before 1574. Subsequently, the parishes of Our Lady of Remedies at Remedy, Our Lady of Grace at Papdy, Mae de Deus (Mother of God) at Palle, Our Lady of Mercy at Merces and St. Michael the Archangel at Porim (Manickpur) were carved out of it (1574–1606). Sandor and the rest of the Vasai area were not disturbed by the intra-Catholic Padroado vs Propaganda Fide conflict, as the area remained firmly faithful to the Archbishop of Goa and refused to accept the authority of the Vicar Apostolic of Bombay and their successor, the Archbishop of Bombay. In 1886, the northern part of the Archdiocese of Goa was carved out as the Diocese of Damaon, including the Vasai, and it was only in 1928 that the two dioceses (Damaon and Bombay) were merged, so that the Vasai area came under the Archbishops of Bombay for the first time in 1928. At present, the parish of Sandor also serves the village of Saloli. The church celebrates its feast 9–15 December every year, and has a big feast in the evenings. The village of Sandor has now been made part of the Municipal Corporation of Vasai-Virar. Parish priests of St Thomas Church from the available records are as follows: Below is a list of assistant priests : Demographics India census, Sandor had a population of 8336. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Sandor has an average literacy rate of 78%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 83%, and female literacy is 73%. In Sandor, 10% of the population is under 6 years of age. Church based charity/social organizations Started in 1971 under the leadership of Very Rev. late Msgr. Philip Tavares the then parish priest of the Church. This society is a part of Society of St. Vincent de Paul, Paris, France, an international organization of Roman Catholic lay men and women of all ages, whose primary mission is to help the poor and less fortunate. Founded in 1833 by Frederick Ozanam, a French lawyer, author, and professor in the Sorbonne University of Paris to help impoverished people living in the slums of Paris, France. The Society numbers about 950,000 in some 132 countries worldwide, whose members operate through "conferences". A conference may be based out of a church, community center, school, hospital, etc., and is composed of Catholic volunteers. Schools Carmelite Convent English High School, Sandor, Vasai west 401201 St. Thomas High School, Sandor Notre Dame School See also Bombay East Indians Norteiro people References Catholic Directory of the Archdiocese of Bombay, 1960, 1964 edition, by Monsignor Simon I. Pimenta on the occasion of the 38th International Eucharistic Congress in Bombay, Government Press, Nagpur Catholic Directory of the Archdiocese of Bombay, 1960, 1982 edition, by Fr. Leslie J. Ratus and Fr. Errol Rozario, St. Pius X College, Goregaon, Bombay, 400063 External links Sandor Parish map Map of East Indian villages Konkan Villages in Palghar district

13108139

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oberahr

Oberahr

Oberahr is an Ortsgemeinde – a community belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde – in the Westerwaldkreis in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Geography The community lies in the Westerwald between Montabaur and Hachenburg. Through the community from north to south flows the Ahrbach. Oberahr belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Wallmerod, a kind of collective municipality. Its seat is in the like-named town. History Oberahr, in 1490 Oberanre to use the form in its first documentary mention, lies in the headwaters of the Ahrbach, which was mentioned as early as 959 as the Anara. It is the community's namesake and flows through the municipal area from north to south. Oberahr lay in the former Niederlahngau from its earliest times, in the parish and court district of Meudt under the overlordship of the Counts at Diez and Nassau. Under the 1564 Treaties of Diez, the parish of Meudt passed to the Electorate of Trier, and thereby the Oberahrers lived in the Trierschland until 1802 under the rule of the Krummstab (literally “Crooked Staff”, but meaning “crosier”). Later, the Nassau princes took the areas on the Rhine’s right bank back into their ownership, and as of 1815, Oberahr, too, belonged to the newly formed Duchy of Nassau, after whose annexation in 1866, Oberahr found itself in the Prussian province of Hesse-Nassau. Politics Community council The council is made up of 12 council members who were elected in a majority vote in a municipal election on 13 June 2004. Coat of arms In the community’s arms the Ahrbach, and thereby also the community’s name, are symbolized by the parting per pale wavy. The former overlords of Nassau and Trier are recalled in the arms by the tinctures blue and gold and the red “Trier Cross” in silver. For the church and the patron saint (Saint Blaise) stands a bishop's staff that ends in a flame, symbolizing the patron saint's attribute or Saint Blaise's blessing. At the same time, the bishop's staff refers to the Trier Krummstab. The mountains and the Beulstein are heraldically represented in the arms as a blue and gold three-knolled hill (Dreiberg in German heraldry). The agriculture and the forest are each symbolized by a sprouting golden ear and a beech leaf Economy and infrastructure Running right through the community is Bundesstraße 255, linking Montabaur and Rennerod. The nearest Autobahn interchange is Montabaur on the A 3 (Cologne–Frankfurt), some 7 km away. The nearest InterCityExpress stop is the railway station at Montabaur on the Cologne-Frankfurt high-speed rail line. References External links Oberahr Municipalities in Rhineland-Palatinate Westerwaldkreis

72956533

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ENATRU

ENATRU

The National Urban Transport Company of Peru (), better known by its initials, ENATRU, was a state company in charge of urban transport in different departments of Peru established under the country's left-wing military government. It existed between 1975 and 1992. The company was known for its mustard-coloured Ikarus buses, which were imported from the Hungarian People's Republic on the orders of then mayor of Lima Eduardo Dibós Chappuis. It also owned Büssing buses, originally meant to be used by the company's ill-fated predecessor, the Paramunicipal Transport Association (APTL). The company's financial troubles began with the country's economic crisis of the 1980s, which worsened due to subversive groups attacking the company's buses due to it being the only one of its type that did not suspend its services at the time. The company was consequently privatized in 1992 and the buses were sold to its employees. See also Metropolitano (Lima) References Transport companies of Peru Transport in Lima Companies established in 1975 Companies disestablished in 1992 Defunct companies of Peru Government-owned companies of Peru

47572576

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziggurat%20%282014%20video%20game%29

Ziggurat (2014 video game)

Ziggurat is a first-person shooter dungeon crawl video game developed and published by Milkstone Studios. The game was released for Linux, Microsoft Windows, and Mac in October 2014 after being available for two months in early access. The game was released for the Xbox One in March 2015, and PlayStation 4 in April 2015. It was inspired by Heretic and Hexen: Beyond Heretic. A sequel, titled Ziggurat 2, was released on October 28, 2021. Gameplay Ziggurat is a first-person shooter dungeon crawl video game with roguelike elements. Levels and encounters are procedurally generated and include bosses, trap rooms, spells, and treasures. During gameplay, randomly selected weapons and perks can be unlocked through travelling the dungeon and levelling up. Development and release Ziggurat was created by independent developer Milkstone Studios. The game was released in early access on Steam for Linux, Microsoft Windows, and OS X. The game left early access with a full release on 23 October 2014. On 20 March 2015, the game was released for the Xbox One through the ID@Xbox program. A PlayStation 4 version was released in North America on 21 April 2015, and Europe on 22 April 2015. Reception Ziggurat received generally positive reviews from critics upon release. Aggregate review website Metacritic assigned scores of 76/100 for the Windows and Xbox One versions, and 79/100 for the PlayStation 4 version. Some critics likened the game to Raven Software's shooters Heretic and Hexen: Beyond Heretic. Legacy Ziggurat 2 was released on October 22, 2020, as a Steam Early Access game and has received a number of updates since, and was released fully on October 28, 2021. The title was released for PlayStation 4 and PlayStation 5 on February 3, 2022, Nintendo Switch on February 7, 2022, and for Xbox One and Xbox Series X/S on February 11, 2022. References External links Ziggurat at Milkstone Studios Ziggurat 2 at Milkstone Studios 2014 video games Dungeon crawler video games First-person shooters Linux games MacOS games Indie games PlayStation 4 games Single-player video games Video games developed in Spain Video games using procedural generation Windows games Xbox One games

44921571

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostedes%20enganensis

Ostedes enganensis

Ostedes enganensis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Breuning in 1982. References Ostedes Beetles described in 1982

3464163

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A.S.V.%20Oostende%20K.M.

A.S.V. Oostende K.M.

Athletische Sportvereniging Oostende Koninklijke Maatschappij was a Belgian football club from the city of Ostend, West Flanders until its fusion with VGO Oostende to form K.V. Oostende in 1981. History It was founded in 1911 as Association Sportive Ostendaise (in French). Eleven years later it took part to the second division until 1926 when it was decided to reduce the number of leagues at that level from two to one. The club had finished 9th on 14 in its league that season while only the first 7 clubs were admitted to the next second division season. In 1931 two leagues were held again and the club was admitted to the second division where it remained until the promotion to the first division in 1969. At the end of the 1970–71 season, A.S.V. Oostende K.M. (as it was known since 1947) was relegated to the third division following two awful years for the club. But in 1973 and in 1974 Oostende promoted twice and was thus back at the top level. The highest position reached by the club was the 12th in 1976. In 1981 the club disappeared following the merge with the matricule n°31. References Belgian football clubs history RSSSF Archive – 1st and 2nd division final tables Association football clubs established in 1911 Defunct football clubs in Belgium Association football clubs disestablished in 1981 1911 establishments in Belgium 1981 disestablishments in Belgium Organisations based in Belgium with royal patronage A.S.V. Oostende K.M. Belgian Pro League clubs

36412339

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCndo%C4%9Fan%2C%20Polatl%C4%B1

Gündoğan, Polatlı

Gündoğan is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Polatlı, Ankara Province, Turkey. Its population is 92 (2022). References Neighbourhoods in Polatlı District

64216859

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quail%20Fire%20%282020%29

Quail Fire (2020)

The Quail Fire was a wildfire that burned during the 2020 California wildfire season southwest of Winters and north of Vacaville in Solano County, California in the United States. Igniting on Saturday, June 6, within the rural confines of Quail Canyon, the fire ballooned to an estimated and destroyed three structures including one residential property. The fire was fully contained on Wednesday, June 10, 2020, and the cause remains under investigation. Events The fire was first reported on the afternoon of Saturday, June 6, at around 3:30 pm, burning off of Quail Canyon and Pleasant Valley Road just outside the community of Winters. Predominantly fanned by dry vegetation and relatively strong onshore winds from the east that prompted several other smaller grassfires to quickly spread in the greater Solano and bay area that day, the fire was met with an aggressive immediate response by fire officials as it quickly jumped from a second-alarm to a four-alarm-plus vegetation fire. Within several hours, the Quail fire expanded from as mandatory evacuations were put in place for over 100 structures in the Pleasant Valley area as the fire blew eastward through Quail Canyon and into the rural subdivisions on the outskirts of Winters. By 9:00 pm the blaze had swelled to and was 5% contained as mandatory evacuations remained in place overnight for the areas of Quail Canyon Road between Pleasants Valley Road and Highway 128. Throughout the night, the Quail fire exhibited active fire behavior as it crept through the canyons northeast towards Putah Creek where it briefly threatened the Putah Creek State Wildlife Area as it continued to burn eastward towards the community of Winters. By that time, over 600 fire personnel from Woodland, Davis, Butte County and San Francisco were actively engaging the fire. Overnight the fire would continue to grow to some before eventually halting at by early Sunday, June 7. Later that day, some evacuation orders were lifted for those living in the Quail Canyon area as containment of the fire rose to 40% despite red flag fire conditions that were expected to persist in the area over the coming days. After the next several days, containment was completed on the fire with no additional growth in acreage. Impact Evacuations were ordered Saturday, June 6, on Quail Canyon Road between Pleasants Valley Road and Highway 128 and an evacuation center was set up at Three Oaks Community Center in Vacaville for accommodations. The following day, all evacuation orders were lifted. See also 2020 California wildfires References Wildfires in Solano County, California 2020 California wildfires

22052177

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westfort%20Hurricanes

Westfort Hurricanes

The Westfort Hurricanes were a Canadian Junior ice hockey club from Fort William, Ontario. The Herks were members of the Thunder Bay Junior A Hockey League and were Abbott Cup finalists once. History In 1972, the Hurricanes broke away from the Thunder Bay Junior A Hockey League to join the St. Paul, Minnesota-based Can-Am Junior Hockey League. A year later, that league became the Midwest Junior Hockey League. The Herks stayed on board for one Midwest Junior season before returning to the TBJHL. Dave Siciliano coached the Hurricanes during the 1973–74 season. His team completed the regular season in first place with 45 wins in 60 games. In the 1974 Centennial Cup playoffs, the Hurricanes defeated the Wexford Raiders four games to three in the first round, then were defeated four games to three by the Smiths Falls Bears in the second round. The MWJHL later merged and solidified the United States Hockey League. The Buccaneers folded on July 6, 1980, when the TBAHA left them with no league to play in. Season-by-season standings Playoffs 1971 Lost final Westfort Hurricanes defeated Fort William Canadians 3-games-to-2 Thunder Bay Marrs defeated Westfort Hurricanes 4-games-to-1 1972 Lost semi-final Minnesota Jr. Stars defeated Westfort Hurricanes 2-games-to-none 1973 Lost quarter-final/Canadian TBAHA Semi-final Thunder Bay Centennials defeated Westfort Hurricanes 4-games-to-2 1974 Won TBAHA Jack Adams Trophy final, lost Hewitt-Dudley Memorial Trophy final Thunder Bay Hurricanes defeated Thunder Bay Eagles (TBJHL) 3-games-to-none Thunder Bay Hurricanes defeated Fort William Canadians (TBJHL) 4-games-to-none JACK ADAMS TROPHY CHAMPIONS Thunder Bay Hurricanes defeated Wexford Raiders (OPJHL) 4-games-to-3 Smiths Falls Bears (CJHL) defeated Thunder Bay Hurricanes 4-games-to-3 1975 Lost final Thunder Bay Hurricanes defeated Thunder Bay Beavers 4-games-to-2 Thunder Bay Eagles defeated Thunder Bay Hurricanes 4-games-to-1 1976 Lost semi-final Thunder Bay Beavers defeated Thunder Bay Hurricanes 4-games-to-2 1977 Lost final Degagne Hurricanes defeated Thunder Bay Beavers 3-games-to-none and 1 tie Thunder Bay Eagles defeated Degagne Hurricanes 4-games-to-1 1978 Won League, lost Hewitt-Dudley Memorial Trophy Quarter-final Degagne Hurricanes defeated Thunder Bay Beavers 3-games-to-none Degagne Hurricanes defeated Atikokan Voyageurs 4-games-to-none TBJHL CHAMPIONS Guelph Platers (OPJHL) defeated Degagne Hurricanes 4-games-to-none 1979 Lost final Thunder Bay North Stars defeated Degagne Buccaneers 4-games-to-1 1980 Lost final Thunder Bay North Stars defeated Degagne Buccaneers 4-games-to-none with 1 tie Championships TBJHL Champions: 1942, 1943, 1952, 1960, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1974*, 1978 Abbott Cup Finalists: 1970 Dudley Hewitt Cup/Eastern Centennial Cup Semi-final Champion 1974 (*) denotes: Herks played in MWJHL, rejoined TBJHL for playoffs. Notable alumni Fort William Hurricane-Rangers Gus Bodnar Alex Delvecchio Bill Johansen Bud Poile Fort William Hurricanes Mike Busniuk Larry Cahan Dave Gatherum Ed Kachur Dennis Owchar Don Poile Vic Venasky Tommy Williams Gord Wilson Westfort Hurricanes Lou Nistico Murray Wing Benny Woit Thunder Bay Westfort Hurricanes Mike Hordy Trevor Johansen References Defunct junior ice hockey teams in Canada Hockey Northwestern Ontario

15468281

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financial%20repression

Financial repression

Financial repression comprises "policies that result in savers earning returns below the rate of inflation" to allow banks to "provide cheap loans to companies and governments, reducing the burden of repayments." It can be particularly effective at liquidating government debt denominated in domestic currency. It can also lead to large expansions in debt "to levels evoking comparisons with the excesses that generated Japan’s lost decade and the 1997 Asian financial crisis." The term was introduced in 1973 by Stanford economists Edward S. Shaw and Ronald I. McKinnon to "disparage growth-inhibiting policies in emerging markets." Mechanism Financial repression may consist of any of the following, alone or in combination.: Explicit or indirect capping of interest rates, such as on government debt and deposit rates (e.g., Regulation Q). Government ownership or control of domestic banks and financial institutions with barriers that limit other institutions from entering the market. High reserve requirements. Creation or maintenance of a captive domestic market for government debt, achieved by requiring banks to hold government debt via capital requirements, or by prohibiting or disincentivising alternatives. Government restrictions on the transfer of assets abroad through the imposition of capital controls. These measures allow governments to issue debt at lower interest rates. A low nominal interest rate can reduce debt servicing costs, while negative real interest rates erodes the real value of government debt. Thus, financial repression is most successful in liquidating debts when accompanied by inflation and can be considered a form of taxation, or alternatively a form of debasement. The size of the financial repression tax was computed for 24 emerging markets from 1974 to 1987. The results showed that financial repression exceeded 2% of GDP for seven countries, and greater than 3% for five countries. For five countries (India, Mexico, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Zimbabwe) it represented approximately 20% of tax revenue. In the case of Mexico financial repression was 6% of GDP, or 40% of tax revenue. Financial repression is categorized as "macroprudential regulation"—i.e., government efforts to "ensure the health of an entire financial system. Examples After World War II Financial repression "played an important role in reducing debt-to-GDP ratios after World War II" by keeping real interest rates for government debt below 1% for two-thirds of the time between 1945 and 1980, the United States was able to "inflate away" the large debt (122% of GDP) left over from the Great Depression and World War II. In the UK, government debt declined from 216% of GDP in 1945 to 138% ten years later in 1955. China China's economic growth has been attributed to financial repression thanks to "low returns on savings and the cheap loans that it makes possible". This has allowed China to rely on savings-financed investments for economic growth. However, because low returns also dampens consumer spending, household expenditures account for "a smaller share of GDP in China than in any other major economy". However, as of December 2014, the People’s Bank of China "started to undo decades of financial repression" and the government now allows Chinese savers to collect up to a 3.3% return on one-year deposits. At China's 1.6% inflation rate, this is a "high real-interest rate compared to other major economies". After the 2008 economic recession In a 2011 NBER working paper, Carmen Reinhart and Maria Belen Sbrancia speculate on a possible return by governments to this form of debt reduction in order to deal with high debt levels following the financial crisis of 2007–2008. "To get access to capital, Austria has restricted capital flows to foreign subsidiaries in central and eastern Europe. Select pension funds have also been transferred to governments in France, Portugal, Ireland and Hungary, enabling them to re-allocate toward sovereign bonds." Criticism Financial repression has been criticized as a theory, by those who think it does not do a good job of explaining real world variables, and also criticized as a policy, by those who think it does exist but is inadvisable. Critics argue that if this view was true, borrowers (i.e., capital-seeking parties) would be inclined to demand capital in large quantities and would be buying capital goods from this capital. This high demand for capital goods would certainly lead to inflation and thus the central banks would be forced to raise interest rates again. As a boom pepped by low interest rates fails to appear in the time period from 2008 until 2020 in industrialized countries, this is a sign that the low interest rates seemed to be necessary to ensure an equilibrium on the capital market, thus to balance capital-supply—i.e., savers—on one side and capital-demand—i.e., investors and the government—on the other. This view argues that interest rates would be even lower if it were not for the high government debt ratio (i.e., capital demand from the government). Free-market economists argue that financial repression crowds out private-sector investment, thus undermining growth. On the other hand, "postwar politicians clearly decided this was a price worth paying to cut debt and avoid outright default or draconian spending cuts. And the longer the gridlock over fiscal reform rumbles on, the greater the chance that 'repression' comes to be seen as the least of all evils". Also, financial repression has been called a "stealth tax" that "rewards debtors and punishes savers—especially retirees" because their investments will no longer generate the expected return, which is income for retirees. "One of the main goals of financial repression is to keep nominal interest rates lower than they would be in more competitive markets. Other things equal, this reduces the government’s interest expenses for a given stock of debt and contributes to deficit reduction. However, when financial repression produces negative real interest rates (nominal rates below the inflation rate), it reduces or liquidates existing debts and becomes the equivalent of a tax—a transfer from creditors (savers) to borrowers, including the government." See also References Inflation Government debt Monetary economics Fiscal policy Regulatory compliance Financial regulation Development economics

19514265

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal%20of%20Chromatography%20B

Journal of Chromatography B

The Journal of Chromatography B is a peer-reviewed scientific journal publishing research papers in analytical chemistry, with a focus on chromatography techniques and methods in the biological and life sciences. According to the Journal Citation Reports, 'Journal of Chromatography B'' has a 2020 impact factor of 3.205, ranking it 36th out of 83 in the category of Chemistry, Analytical. See also Journal of Chromatography A References Academic journals established in 1958 Elsevier academic journals Chemistry journals

56179008

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/This%20Is%20Why%20We%20Can%27t%20Have%20Nice%20Things

This Is Why We Can't Have Nice Things

The phrase this is why we can't have nice things may refer to: Music This Is Why We Can't Have Nice Things, an album by Leland Stanford Junior University Marching Band, 2003 This is Why We Can’t Have Nice Things, an album by Alter Der Ruine, 2010 "I Don't Care (This Is Why We Can't Have Nice Things)", a song by The Blackout from the album The Best in Town "This Is Why We Can't Have Nice Things", a song by Taylor Swift from the album Reputation, 2017 Other This is Why We Can't Have Nice Things, a book by David Carol (2011)

33952428

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luodai

Luodai

Luodai is an ancient town in the Sichuan province in southwest China. It is located about 20 km from downtown Chengdu. It has about 23,000 inhabitants, of which about 20,000 are Hakka people. As more than 85% of the population of the town is Hakkas, the town is the typical representative of Hakka community in Sichuan Province. For this reason, it is also called “World’s Luodai and Eternal Hakka”. As one of the core branch venues for the 20th World's Hakka Conference, Luodai has its position been established in the Hakka culture of the world[2]. In the weekends, many tourists visit to experience the unique cultural atmosphere while tasting local dishes and snacks. References Geography of Sichuan Ancient Chinese cities Hakka culture in China Hakka architecture

12176116

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glacier%20rat

Glacier rat

The glacier rat (Rattus richardsoni) is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is endemic to the New Guinea Highlands near Puncak Trikora (=Mt. Wilhelmina) and Puncak Jaya (=Carstensz Pyramid), West Papua, Indonesia. Its altitudinal range is above sea level. See also William Bebb Richardson References Rattus Mammals of Western New Guinea Mammals described in 1949 Endemic fauna of Indonesia Taxonomy articles created by Polbot Rodents of New Guinea

57308974

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeugophora%20puberula

Zeugophora puberula

Zeugophora puberula is a species of megalopodid leaf beetle in the family Megalopodidae. It is found in North America. References Further reading Megalopodidae Articles created by Qbugbot Beetles described in 1873

43647388

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open%20Shading%20Language

Open Shading Language

Open Shading Language (OSL) is a shading language developed by Sony Pictures Imageworks for use in its Arnold Renderer. It is also supported by Illumination Research's 3Delight renderer, Otoy's Octane Render, V-Ray 3, Redshift (from April 2021), and the Cycles render engine in Blender (starting with Blender 2.65). OSL's surface and volume shaders define how surfaces or volumes scatter light in a way that allows for importance sampling; thus, it is well suited for physically based renderers that support ray tracing and global illumination. In RenderMan, OSL is also an important module. It is modified there for better AVX2 and AVX-512 instruction set support with doubled performance. Release 1.12 supports C++14 as default, but also newer C++17 and C++20. OpenImageIO support will be dropped for 2.0 with support of 2.2. Minimum OpenEXR Version changes up to 2.3. SIMD Batch shader Mode and OptiX support are in development and experimental. CUDA 11 and OptiX 7.1 are here supported levels. 1.12.6 is supported in Blender 3.4. 1.12.6.2 is the first new release of the 1.12 series with a stable API. 1.12.13 is the current version. Origin Larry Gritz explain origin of Open Shading Language: Movies Many movies made in 2012 or later have used OSL, including: Men in Black 3 (2012) The Amazing Spider-Man (2012) Hotel Transylvania (2012) Edge of Tomorrow (2014) Ant-Man (2015) Finding Dory (2016) 2017 Lego Batman The Great Wall A Cure for Wellness Logan Power Rangers Life Smurfs: The Lost Village The Fate of the Furious Alien Covenant Guardians of the Galaxy 2 The Mummy Wonder Woman Cars 3 Baby Driver Spider-Man: Homecoming Dunkirk The Emoji Movie Detroit Kingsman: The Golden Circle Lego Ninjago Movie Blade Runner 2049 Geostorm Coco Justice League Thor: Ragnarok 2018 Peter Rabbit Black Panther Annihilation Red Sparrow Pacific Rim Uprising Avengers Infinity War Deadpool 2 Incredibles 2 Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom Hotel Transylvania 3: Summer Vacation Ant Man and the Wasp Skyscraper Mission Impossible: Fallout The Meg Kin Smallfoot Alpha Venom First Man Bad Times at the El Royale Fantastic Beasts: The Crimes of Grindelwald Bohemian Rhapsody Holmes and Watson Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse 2019 The Kid Who Would Be King Alita: Battle Angel Lego Movie 2 Lucky 13 (an episode of Love, Death & Robots) Captain Marvel Triple Frontier Avengers: Endgame Pokémon Detective Pikachu Godzilla: King of Monsters Rim of the World John Wick 3 Parabellum Men in Black International Toy Story 4 Spider-Man: Far From Home Hobbs & Shaw Angry Birds 2 The Art of Racing in the Rain Secret Life of Pets The Mandalorian (S1) The Dark Crystal: Age of Resistance The King Jumanji: The Next Level Richard Jewell Game of Thrones (S8) Lost in Space (S1) Togo 2020 Underwater Birds of Prey Onward Bloodshot Greyhound The Old Guard Mulan Tenet The New Mutants Artemis Fowl The Eight Hundred Over the Moon Wonder Woman 1984 Soul The Mandalorian (S2) 2021 / upcoming Chaos Walking Peter Rabbit 2: The Runaway The Falcon and the Winder Soldier Secret Magic Control Agency Zack Snyder's Justice League The Mitchells vs the Machines Jupiter's Legacy Luca F9 See also Shading language 3Delight Arnold Render Engine Blender Octane Render RenderMan References External links Shading languages

56668316

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claus%20He%C3%9F

Claus Heß

Claus Gert Heß (23 June 1933 – 2 April 2018) was a German Olympic rower and sports official. Early life Heß was born in 1933 in Düsseldorf, Germany. His parents were Kurt and Hildegard Heß; his father was a merchant. He received his secondary education at the Lessing Gymnasium und Berufskolleg in his home town, and he graduated with his Abitur in 1953. He studied economics, first at the University of Cologne and then at the University of Würzburg, and he graduated from the latter in 1956. He received his doctorate in Würzburg in 1958. In March 1957, Heß married Helga Schöll in Würzburg. They have two sons who were born in 1958 and 1966. Competitive rowing While at school in 1947, he started rowing for RC Germania Düsseldorf 1904. A career highlight was representing the United Team of Germany at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne with the men's coxless pair where they were eliminated in the semi-final. He became European champion at the 1959 European Rowing Championships in Mâcon, France, with the coxed four; team members were Klaus Wegner, Gerd Cintl, Horst Effertz, and cox Michael Obst. Later career From 1961, Heß took on roles for the German Rowing Association. At the age of 32, he was elected unanimously as president of the German Rowing Association as successor to ; he held this role until 1983. From 1969, he was on the board of the Deutscher Sportbund, the German sports association. He was vice-president of the National Olympic Committee for Germany (since succeeded by the German Olympic Sports Confederation). Heß represented Germany on the International Rowing Federation (FISA) council since 1968, and he was FISA vice-president from 1979 until 1993. He was honorary president of the German Rowing Association until his death. References 1933 births 2018 deaths West German male rowers Olympic rowers for the United Team of Germany Rowers at the 1956 Summer Olympics Sportspeople from Düsseldorf Rowing officials European Rowing Championships medalists

37385280

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finland%20in%20the%20Eurovision%20Song%20Contest%202013

Finland in the Eurovision Song Contest 2013

Finland participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 2013 with the song "Marry Me" written by Krista Siegfrids, Erik Nyholm, Kristofer Karlsson and Jessika Lundström. The song was performed by Krista Siegfrids. The Finnish broadcaster Yleisradio (Yle) organised the national final Uuden Musiikin Kilpailu 2013 in order to select the Finnish entry for the 2013 contest in Malmö, Sweden. 12 entries were selected to compete in the national final, which consisted of two heats, a semi-final and a final, taking place in January and February 2013. Eight entries ultimately competed in the final on 9 February where the 50/50 combination of votes from a four-member judging panel and votes from the public selected "Marry Me" performed by Krista Siegfrids as the winner. Finland was drawn to compete in the second semi-final of the Eurovision Song Contest which took place on 16 May 2013. Performing during the show in position 5, "Marry Me" was announced among the top 10 entries of the second semi-final and therefore qualified to compete in the final on 18 May. It was later revealed that Finland placed ninth out of the 17 participating countries in the semi-final with 64 points. In the final, Finland performed in position 4 and placed twenty-fourth out of the 26 participating countries, scoring 13 points. Background Prior to the 2013 contest, Finland had participated in the Eurovision Song Contest forty-six times since its first entry in 1961. Finland has won the contest once in 2006 with the song "Hard Rock Hallelujah" performed by Lordi. In the 2012 contest, "När jag blundar" performed by Pernilla failed to qualify Finland to the final, placing twelfth in the semi-final. The Finnish national broadcaster, Yleisradio (Yle), broadcasts the event within Finland and organises the selection process for the nation's entry. Yle confirmed their intentions to participate at the 2013 Eurovision Song Contest on 4 June 2012. Finland's entries for the Eurovision Song Contest have been selected through national final competitions that have varied in format over the years. Between 1961 and 2011, a selection show that was often titled Euroviisukarsinta highlighted that the purpose of the program was to select a song for Eurovision. However, in 2012, the broadcaster has organised the selection show Uuden Musiikin Kilpailu (UMK), which focuses on showcasing new music with the winning song being selected as the Finnish Contest entry. Along with their participation confirmation, the broadcaster also announced that the Finnish entry for the 2013 contest would be selected through Uuden Musiikin Kilpailu 2013. Before Eurovision Uuden Musiikin Kilpailu 2013 Uuden Musiikin Kilpailu 2013 was the second edition of Uuden Musiikin Kilpailu (UMK), the music competition that selects Finland's entries for the Eurovision Song Contest. The competition consisted of four shows that commenced with the first of two heats on 17 January 2013, followed by a semi-final on 31 January 2013 and concluded with a final on 9 February 2013. The four shows were hosted by YleX DJs Anne Lainto and Ile Uusivuori. All shows were broadcast on Yle TV2, Yle HD and online at yle.fi/umk. The final was also broadcast online at the official Eurovision Song Contest website eurovision.tv as well as via radio on Yle Radio Suomi and with commentary in Swedish on Yle X3M. Format The format of the competition consisted of four shows: two heats, a semi-final and a final. Six songs competed in each heat and the top two entries from each heat qualified directly to the final, while the entries placed third to fifth qualified to the semi-final. Six songs competed in the semi-final and the top four entries from the semi-final qualified to complete the eight-song lineup in the final. The results for the four shows were determined by the 50/50 combination of public voting and a four-member judging panel. Each judge assigned scores to each entry ranging from 1 (lowest score) to 10 (highest score), while public voting included the options of telephone and SMS voting. The judging panel participated in each show by providing feedback to the competing artists and selecting entries to qualify in the competition. The panel consisted of: Toni Wirtanen – Heavy metal singer and leader of the band Apulanta Aija Puurtinen – Singer and music professor Tomi Saarinen – Head of Music at YleX Redrama – Rapper Competing entries A submission period was opened by Yle which lasted between 3 September 2012 and 16 September 2012. At least one of the writers and the lead singer(s) had to hold Finnish citizenship or live in Finland permanently in order for the entry to qualify to compete. A panel of experts appointed by Yle selected twelve entries for the competition from over 470 received submissions and the competing entries were presented over three televised preview programmes between 27 December 2012 and 10 January 2013. Shows Heats The two heats took place on 17 and 24 January 2013 at the Club "Circus" in Helsinki. The top two from the six competing entries in each heat directly qualified to the final based on a 50/50 combination of public votes and judges' votes, while the entries placed third to fifth advanced to the semi-final. Semi-final The semi-final show took place on 31 January 2013 at the Club "Circus" in Helsinki. The top four from the six competing entries qualified to the final based on a 50/50 combination of public votes and judges' votes. In addition to the performances of the competing entries, Elonkerjuu performed as the interval act. Final The final took place on 9 February 2013 at the Barona Areena in Espoo where the eight entries that qualified from the preceding three shows competed. "Marry Me" performed by Krista Siegfrids was selected as the winner by a 50/50 combination of public votes and the four judges. Each judge assigned points to each entry ranging from 1 (lowest score) to 10 (highest score). The viewer vote was based on the percentage of votes each song achieved through the following voting methods: telephone and SMS voting. In addition to the performances of the competing entries, the interval act featured Teflon Brothers featuring Meiju Suvas and Stig, Suvi Teräsniska, Johanna Iivanainen, Emma Salokoski, Kaisa Vala, 2007 Finnish Eurovision entrant Hanna Pakarinen and 2012 Finnish Eurovision entrant Pernilla Karlsson. Promotion Krista Siegfrids made several appearances across Europe to specifically promote "Marry Me" as the Finnish Eurovision entry. On 13 April, Siegfrids performed during the Eurovision in Concert event which was held at the Melkweg venue in Amsterdam, Netherlands and hosted by Marlayne and Linda Wagenmakers. On 21 April, Siegfrids performed during the London Eurovision Party, which was held at the Café de Paris venue in London, United Kingdom and hosted by Nicki French and Paddy O'Connell. In addition to her international appearances, promotional activities also occurred in Finland where Krista Siegfrids performed "Marry Me" during the Miss Drag Queen Finland 2013 contest at the DTM venue in Helsinki on 4 April and the Yle TV2 show Tartu Mikkiin on 5 April. Siegfrids also released a new single, "Amen", which she performed for the first time during the Welcome to Finland Justin Bieber event on 26 April. Her debut album Ding Dong! was released on 10 May 2013 with prior interviews to promote its release. At Eurovision According to Eurovision rules, all nations with the exceptions of the host country and the "Big Five" (France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom) are required to qualify from one of two semi-finals in order to compete for the final; the top ten countries from each semi-final progress to the final. The European Broadcasting Union (EBU) split up the competing countries into six different pots based on voting patterns from previous contests, with countries with favourable voting histories put into the same pot. On 17 January 2013, a special allocation draw was held which placed each country into one of the two semi-finals, as well as which half of the show they would perform in. Finland was placed into the second semi-final, held on 16 May 2013, and was scheduled to perform in the first half of the show. Once all the competing songs for the 2013 contest had been released, the running order for the semi-finals was decided by the shows' producers rather than through another draw, so that similar songs were not placed next to each other. Finland was set to position 5, following the entry from Azerbaijan and before the entry from Malta. The two semi-finals and the final were televised in Finland on Yle TV2 with a second audio program providing commentary in Finnish by Aino Töllinen and Juuso Mäkilähde and in Swedish by Eva Frantz and Johan Lindroos. The three shows were broadcast via radio with Finnish commentary by Sanna Kojo and Jorma Hietamäki on Yle Radio Suomi and with Swedish commentary by Eva Frantz and Johan Lindroos on Yle Radio Vega. The Finnish spokesperson, who announced the Finnish votes during the final, was Kristiina Wheeler. Semi-final Krista Siegfrids took part in technical rehearsals on 8 and 11 May, followed by dress rehearsals on 15 and 16 May. This included the jury show on 15 May where the professional juries of each country watched and voted on the competing entries. The Finnish performance featured Krista Siegfrids performing in a white wedding dress joined by three dancers wearing pale purple suits with black eye masks, which was later transformed to pink dresses, and two backing vocalists wearing red maid outfits. Siegfrids and the dancers performed a dance routine together which included Siegfrids picking petals from a forget-me-not while being lifted up as well as having a wedding veil being put on her head which she later ripped off. The performance was ended with a lesbian kiss between Siegfrids and one of the backing vocalists. In regards to the kiss, Siegfrids stated: " The kiss is not a surprise anymore; it's 2013, and I can kiss anyone I want. There's no stopping us in the live shows." The performance also featured pyrotechnic effects and the use of confetti. The three dancers that joined Krista Siegfrids on stage were Haza Kajipoori, Katrin Vaskelainen and Kiira Kilpiö, while the two backing vocalists were Emelie Granvik and Reetta Korhonen. At the end of the show, Finland was announced as having finished in the top 10 and subsequently qualifying for the grand final. It was later revealed that Finland placed ninth in the semi-final, receiving a total of 64 points. Final Shortly after the second semi-final, a winners' press conference was held for the ten qualifying countries. As part of this press conference, the qualifying artists took part in a draw to determine which half of the grand final they would subsequently participate in. This draw was done in the order the countries appeared in the semi-final running order. Finland was drawn to compete in the first half. Following this draw, the shows' producers decided upon the running order of the final, as they had done for the semi-finals. Finland was subsequently placed to perform in position 4, following the entry from Moldova and before the entry from Spain. Krista Siegfrids once again took part in dress rehearsals on 17 and 18 May before the final, including the jury final where the professional juries cast their final votes before the live show. Birgit performed a repeat of her semi-final performance during the final on 18 May. At the conclusion of the voting, Finland finished in twenty-fourth place with 13 points. Voting Voting during the three shows consisted of 50 percent public televoting and 50 percent from a jury deliberation. The jury consisted of five music industry professionals who were citizens of the country they represent. This jury was asked to judge each contestant based on: vocal capacity; the stage performance; the song's composition and originality; and the overall impression by the act. In addition, no member of a national jury could be related in any way to any of the competing acts in such a way that they cannot vote impartially and independently. The following members comprised the Finnish jury: Patric Sarin, Sana Mustonen, Susanna Laine, Mikael Saari and Kyösti Salokorpi. Following the release of the full split voting by the EBU after the conclusion of the competition, it was revealed that Finland had placed tenth with the public televote and sixth with the jury vote in the semi-final. In the public vote, Finland received an average rank of 8.89, while with the jury vote, Finland received an average rank of 7.05. In the final, Finland had placed twentieth with the public televote and eighteenth with the jury vote. In the public vote, Finland received an average rank of 16.68, while with the jury vote, Finland received an average rank of 13.77. Below is a breakdown of points awarded to Finland and awarded by Finland in the second semi-final and grand final of the contest, and the breakdown of the jury voting and televoting conducted during the two shows: Points awarded to Finland Points awarded by Finland References 2013 Countries in the Eurovision Song Contest 2013 Eurovision Eurovision

17667363

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FC%20Sibir-2%20Novosibirsk

FC Sibir-2 Novosibirsk

FC Sibir-2 Novosibirsk () is a Russian football club, based in Novosibirsk. The club plays at the Spartak Stadium. It competed professionally in the Russian Second Division (East Zone) for a single season in 2008, taking 4th place. It previously played in the Amateur Football League. It is a farm club of FC Sibir Novosibirsk. After 2008 season, it was dissolved and did not compete in 2009 or 2010. It was re-established in 2011 and entered the Russian Second Division once again. The club was dissolved again in the summer of 2016. Before the 2018–19 season, it was revived once again and reentered the third-tier Russian Professional Football League. At the end of the 2018–19 season, the parent club Sibir was relegated to PFL itself, therefore Sibir-2 will not be eligible to participate in the 2019–20 season of the competition. Team name history 2003–2005: FC Chkalovets-1936-2 Novosibirsk 2006–2008, 2011–2016: FC Sibir-2 Novosibirsk References External links Official website Association football clubs established in 2003 Football clubs in Russia Sport in Novosibirsk FC Sibir Novosibirsk 2003 establishments in Russia Association football clubs disestablished in 2019 2019 disestablishments in Russia

49407993

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blat%2C%20Byblos%20District

Blat, Byblos District

Blat () is a municipality in the Byblos District of Keserwan-Jbeil Governorate, Lebanon. It is a suburb of Byblos and is 40 kilometers north of Beirut. Blat has an average elevation of 190 meters above sea level and a total land area of 683 hectares. Its inhabitants are predominantly Maronite Catholics. As of 2008, there were three private schools in the village enrolling 2,560 students, in addition to a campus of the Lebanese American University. There were 28 companies with more than five employees operating in Blat. References Populated places in Byblos District Maronite Christian communities in Lebanon

44796257

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apriltsi%20%28disambiguation%29

Apriltsi (disambiguation)

Apriltsi is a small town in Lovech Province Apriltsi may also refer to the following places in Bulgaria: Apriltsi, Kardzhali Province, village in Kardzhali Province Apriltsi, Pazardzhik Province, village in Pazardzhik Province

37556158

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neocrepidodera%20transsilvanica

Neocrepidodera transsilvanica

Neocrepidodera transsilvanica is a species of flea beetle from the Chrysomelidae family that can be found in Poland, Romania, Slovakia, and Ukraine. References Beetles described in 1864 Beetles of Europe transsilvanica

611519

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manfredo%20Tafuri

Manfredo Tafuri

Manfredo Tafuri (Rome, 4 November 1935 – Venice, 23 February 1994) was an Italian Marxist architect, historian, theoretician, critic and academic. He was described by one commentator as the world's most important architectural historian of the second half of the 20th century. He is noted for his pointed critiques of the partisan "operative criticism" of previous architectural historians and critics like Bruno Zevi and Siegfried Giedion and for challenging the idea that the Renaissance was a "golden age" as it had been characterised in the work of earlier authorities like Heinrich Wölfflin and Rudolf Wittkower. Career For Tafuri, architectural history does not follow a teleological scheme in which one language succeeds another in linear sequence. Instead, it is a continuous struggle played out on critical, theoretical and ideological levels as well as through the multiple constraints placed on practice. Since this struggle continues in the present, architectural history is not a dead academic subject, but an open arena for debate. In his view, like other cultural domains, but even more so, due to the tension between its autonomous, artistic character and its technical and functional dimensions, architecture is a field defined and constituted by crisis. Though Tafuri was caught up in the debates of his era, he inserted the task of the architectural historian into a framework combining critical participation and historical distance. Tafuri explored every era of architectural history in the West from the medieval period to the present and made an important contribution to the study of Japanese modern architecture. In the last decade of his career he undertook a comprehensive reassessment of the theory and practice of Renaissance architecture, exploring its various social, intellectual and cultural contexts, while providing a broad understanding of uses of representation that shaped the entire era. His final work, Interpreting the Renaissance: Princes, Cities, Architects, published in 1992, synthesizes the history of architectural ideas and projects through discussions of the great centres of architectural innovation in Italy (Florence, Rome, and Venice), key patrons from the middle of the fifteenth century to the early sixteenth century, and crucial figures such as Leon Battista Alberti, Filippo Brunelleschi, Francesco di Giorgio, Lorenzo de' Medici, Bramante, Raphael, Baldassare Castiglione and Giulio Romano. Tafuri held the position of chair of architectural history at the University Iuav of Venice. He was a member of the Communist Party. Books and articles by Tafuri Teorie e storia dell'architettura. Bari, Laterza, 1968. Theories and History of Architecture. Translated by Giorgio Verrecchia. London, 1980. « Per una critica dell'ideologia architettonica ». Contropiano, Materiali Marxisti, no. 1, 1969. Progetto e utopia: Architettura e sviluppo capitalistico. Bari, Laterza, 1973. Architecture and Utopia. Design and Capitalist Development. Translated by Barbara Luigia La Penta. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1976. w/ Francesco Dal Co. Architettura contemporanea. Milan, Electa, 1976. La Sfera e il labirinto : Avanguardia e architettura da Piranesi agli anni '70. Turin, Einaudi, 1980. The Sphere and the Labyrinth. Avant-Gardes and Architecture from Piranesi to the 1970's. Translated by Pellegrino d'Acierno and Robert Connolly. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1987. Venezia e il Rinascimento. Turin, Einaudi, 1985. Venice and the Renaissance. Translated by Jessica Levine. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1985. History of Italian Architecture, 1944-1985. Translated by Jessica Levine. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. 1989. Ricerca del Rinascimento. Principi, Citta, Architetti. Torino, Einaudi: 1992. Interpreting the Renaissance: Princes, Cities, Architects. Translated with an introduction by Daniel Sherer. New Haven, Cambridge. MA: Yale University Press/Harvard GSD Publications, 2006 Notes References Further reading CACCIARI, Massimo. Architecture and nihilism: on the philosophy of modern architecture. New Haven, Yale University Press, 1993. COHEN, Jean-Louis. « La coupure entre architectes et intellectuels, ou les enseignements de l'italophilie ». Extenso, no. 1 (1984), pp. 182–223. DAY, Gail. Dialectical Passions: Negation in Postwar Art Theory. New York, Columbia University Press, 2010. DE SOLÀ-MORALES, Ignasi (editor). « Being Manfredo Tafuri: Wickedness, Anxiety, Disenchantment ». ANY, no. 25-26 (février 2000). Special issue of Casabella, no. 619-620 (jan.-feb. 1995). GINZBURG, Carlo, SAFRAN, Yehuda, SHERER, Daniel. "An Interview with Carlo Ginzburg by Yehuda Safran and Daniel Sherer." Potlatch 5 (2022), special issue on Carlo Ginzburg. HEYNEN, Hilde. « The Venice School, or the Diagnosis of Negative Thought ». Architecture and Modernity: A Critique. Cambridge, Ma., MIT Press, 1999, pp. 128–148. HOEKSTRA, Titia Rixt. « Building versus Bildung. Manfredo Tafuri and the construction of a historical discipline ». Ph.D. dissertation, Groningen, University of Groningen, 2005. Online : https://web.archive.org/web/20061009200007/http://dissertations.ub.rug.nl/faculties/arts/2005/t.r.hoekstra/ KEYVANIAN, Carla. « Manfredo Tafuri's Notion of History and its Methodological Sources: From Walter Benjamin to Roland Barthes ». MArch dissertation, Cambridge, Ma., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. LEACH, Andrew. « Choosing History: A Study of Manfredo Tafuri's Theorisation of Architectural History and Architectural History Research ». Ph.D. dissertation, Gent, Universiteit Gent, 2006. Online : https://web.archive.org/web/20060824225725/http://eprint.uq.edu.au/archive/00003989/ LEACH, Andrew. Manfredo Tafuri: Choosing History. Ghent, A&S Books, 2007. LEÓN CASERO, JORGE, El Tiempo del Aion. Una lectura de Manfredo Tafuri como rizotopía de la historia, Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, 2012. https://www.academia.edu/2585425/El_Tiempo_del_Aion._Una_lectura_de_Manfredo_Tafuri_como_rizotopia_de_la_historia LEÓN CASERO, JORGE,“Aion e historiografía en la obra de Manfredo Tafuri”, Daimon. Revista de Filosofía, n. 56, 2012, pp. 173–193. LEÓN CASERO, JORGE, "Contra Foucault: Interdisciplinariedad y posición estructural del intelectual en el sistema según Manfredo Tafuri”, Undécimo Congreso Internacional sobre Nuevas Tendencias en Humanidades, Universidad de Eötvös Loránd, Budapest, 19 - 21 Junio 2013. https://www.academia.edu/3682762/CONTRA_-_FOUCAULT_Interdisciplinariedad_y_posicion_estructural_del_intelectual_en_el_sistema_segun_Manfredo_Tafuri LEÓN CASERO, JORGE, "Esquizofrénicos y monomaníacos: Interdisciplinariedad y metodología historiográfica en Manfredo Tafuri”, Primer Congreso Internacional de Jóvenes Investigadores en Humanidades, Barcelona, 18-20 Abril 2012.https://www.academia.edu/2568499/ESQUIZOFRENICOS_Y_MONOMANIACOS._Interdisciplinariedad_y_metodologia_historiografica_en_Manfredo_Tafuri. BIRAGHI, Marco. Progetto di crisi. Manfredo Tafuri e l'architettura contemporanea. Milan, Marinotti ed., 2005. TOURNIKIOTIS, Panayotis. « History as the Critique of Architecture ». The Historiography of Modern Architecture. Cambridge, Ma., MIT Press, 1999. SHERER, Daniel. "Progetto and Ricerca. Manfredo Tafuri as Critic and Historian," Zodiac 15 (1996), 32-56. SHERER, Daniel. "Translator's Introduction," to Manfredo TAFURI, Interpreting the Renaissance: Princes, Cities, Architects (New Haven/Cambridge, MA: Yale University Press/Harvard GSD Publications, 2006), trans. by D. SHERER with a Foreword by K. Michael HAYS, pp. xv-xxvi. SHERER, Daniel. "Un Colloquio Inquietante. Manfredo Tafuri e la critica operativa 1968-1980," in L. Monica, ed. La Critica Operativa e l'architettura (Milan: Unicopli, 2002), 108-20. SHERER, Daniel. "Architecture in the Labyrinth: Theory and Criticism in the United States, Oppositions, Assemblage, Any, 1973-1999," Zodiac 20 (1999), 36-43. SHERER, Daniel. "Review of Andrew LEACH, Manfredo Tafuri: Choosing History," Journal of Architecture 14, 6 (2009), 731-741. SHERER, Daniel. "The Architectural Project and the Historical Project: Tensions, Analogies, Discontinuities," Log 31 (2014), 115-132. 1935 births 1994 deaths Italian architecture writers Italian architectural historians Architecture academics 20th-century Italian historians 20th-century Italian male writers Writers from Rome Italian male non-fiction writers Italian communists Italian Marxist historians

58694763

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christiane%20Krajewski

Christiane Krajewski

Christiane Krajewski (born 4 February 1949) is a German politician (SPD). Krajewski was a finance senator for Berlin and minister in the Saarland. References 1949 births Senators of Berlin Living people

6412285

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genta%20H.%20Holmes

Genta H. Holmes

Genta Hawkins Holmes (born September 3, 1940) is an American foreign service officer who served as ambassador to Namibia and Australia. In addition, she has served as a "Diplomat-in-Residence" at the University of California, Davis. Early life and education Holmes graduated from high school at Huntington Park High School, Huntington Park, California, in 1958. She received her B.A. in International Relations magna cum laude from the University of Southern California in 1962 and pursued graduate studies at the London School of Economics and Political Science on a Rotary International Fellowship from 1962 to 1963. Career During her career at the U.S. State Department, she was the first U.S. Ambassador to Namibia and later served as Ambassador to Australia. From 1992 to 1995 she was the Director General of the Foreign Service and Director of Personnel at the State Department. During her career in the Foreign Service, other assignments included: Working for Congress as an American Political Science Association Fellow (1977–1978). She was the first woman selected for this position. Assistant Administrator for Legislative Affairs at the U.S. Agency for International Development (1979) Deputy Chief of Mission at the U.S. Embassy in Port-au-Prince, Haiti during a tense and violent period (1986–1988) Deputy Chief of Mission in the U.S. Embassy in South Africa at the time of the transition (1989–1990) Deputy Chief of Mission in Malawi 1984–1986 Chief of the Economic/Commercial Section at the American Embassy in Nassau, Bahamas U.S. Embassy in Paris U.S. Embassy in Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire Ambassador Holmes speaks French, and holds both the Presidential and a Superior Honor Awards of the Department of State. She is married to Michael Dayton Holmes, a former Marine and Vietnam veteran. References External links University of California, Davis: Biography of Professor Holmes Professor Holmes’ course at UC Davis Living people People from Anadarko, Oklahoma Ambassadors of the United States to Australia Ambassadors of the United States to Namibia American expatriates in Australia 1940 births USC School of International Relations alumni American women ambassadors Alumni of the London School of Economics Directors General of the United States Foreign Service 20th-century American diplomats 20th-century American women 21st-century American women

10779019

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin%20Embree

Edwin Embree

Edwin Rogers Embree (1883–1950) was one of the former vice presidents of the Rockefeller Foundation, president of the Julius Rosenwald Foundation (also known as the Rosenwald Fund), a writer, and president of the Liberian Foundation. Early life Embree was born in Nebraska in 1883, the youngest of four children of Laura and William Norris Embree. His grandfather and grandmother were John Gregg Fee and Matilda Fee, Abolitionist leaders from Kentucky. Embree had a very close relationship with his grandfather, the founder and president of Berea College. His father was discharged from the Union Army, after he took a job as a telegrapher with the Union Pacific Railroad. His father died in 1891, so his mother took her four children and moved with her parents to Berea. Embree's grandfather John Fee formed Embree's values and character at an early age, so he followed his grandfather examples. Edwin went to school at Berea and Yale, became a lecturer, and had many other outstanding accomplishments throughout his life. He died in 1950. Education Embree attended Berea Academy when he was growing up. He later attended and graduated from Berea College, then enrolled in Yale where he graduated with an advance degree in philosophy. He later worked at Yale for 10 years in alumni affairs. Accomplishments In 1917, Embree joined the Rockefeller staff in New York as secretary (1917–1924), then as director of the Division of Studies (1925–1927), and later as one of three vice presidents (1927). He also traveled to Japan several times while working with Rockefeller. He became president of the Julius Rosenwald Foundation also known as the Rosenwald Fund for 20 years (1927–1948). When the foundation closed, he became president of the Liberian Foundation. Embree also wrote a handful of books. Brown America "The Story of a New Race" 1931. "Indians of the Americas" 1939. American Negroes "A Handbook" 1942. “Brown Americans: The Story of a Tenth of the Nation” 1943. "13 Against the Odds" 1944. References Alfred Perkins, "Living The Fee Legacy: Edwin Embree and the Rosenwald Foundation", Berea College Magazine, Winter 2006, pages 34–36, available at . Rosenwald School Initiative The Rockefeller Archive Center – Papers of Individuals – Rockefeller Foundation External links Edwin Rogers Embree papers (MS 198). Manuscripts and Archives, Yale University Library. 1883 births 1950 deaths People from Nebraska American male non-fiction writers Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences alumni

17883941

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy%20Jerkens

Jimmy Jerkens

James A. Jerkens (born January 24, 1959 in Bay Shore, New York) is an American Thoroughbred horse trainer. His father, U.S. Racing Hall of Fame inductee H. Allen Jerkens, and brother, Steve Jerkens, are also trainers. Background Jerkens father, H. Allen Jerkens, was a prominent New-York based trainer whose nickname in the press was "the Giant Killer" as he was best known for training horses who pulled off major upsets. The elder Jerkens, who was inducted into the Hall of Fame in 1975, died in 2015. His first wife and Jimmy Jerkens mother, Ann, died in 1986. The younger Jerkens has three siblings, Steven (also a trainer), Allen, and Julie. Jerkens started learning horsemanship from his father at the age of 11, working part-time mucking out stalls and acting as a hot walker. In 1973, he was watching from the backstretch at Saratoga when his father's horse Onion upset Secretariat in the Whitney Handicap. In 1977, he graduated from Walt Whitman High School in Huntington Station, New York and became an assistant trainer to his father. In 1997, the elder Jerkens suggested he start his own stable with a few horses from a longtime client. Jerkens divorced his first wife in 1997, then married his current wife Shirley in July 2008. They were originally high school sweethearts but parted ways after several years. Shirley was also previously married and has two children, Henry and Fredericka. Shirley is a pediatric physical therapist and has been involved with horses for many years. Racing career In 1997, Jerkens struck out on his own with just nine horses in his stable. On September 28, he won his first race with Ninth Inning at Belmont Park. Later that year, he won his first graded stakes, the Astarita, with the same filly. In 1998, he finished third in the Belmont Stakes with Thomas Jo, who also won two stakes races that year. At the 1999-2000 Aqueduct Inner Track meeting, he tied for the trainer's title with 23 wins. He won the Breeders' Cup Mile in 2005 with Artie Schiller and the 2007 Breeders' Cup Dirt Mile with Corinthian. In 2009, Jerkens won the Fountain of Youth Stakes and the Florida Derby with Quality Road, making the colt one of the favorites for the Kentucky Derby. In 2014, he had similar success with Wicked Strong, winner of the Wood Memorial and Jim Dandy Stakes. Later in the summer, he had a rare 1-2 finish in the Travers Stakes with Wicked Strong and winner V.E. Day. His father watched the race on television and later said, "I was screaming at the TV, 'Oh my god, he’s not gonna hang on! They’re gonna catch him!' while my daughter's in front of me jumping up and down. I said, 'Jeez, he got caught right at the end.' She said, 'Yeah, but it’s his horse.'" Jerkens' star horse in 2015 was Effinex, who won the Suburban and Clark Handicaps and finished second to American Pharoah in the Breeders' Cup Classic. Jerkens had to be patient and resourceful to get the best out of the four-year-old colt, who trained well in the morning but could become unpredictable at race time. He made several changes including a new bit, custom blinkers and using experienced jockey Mike Smith. In 2016, Jerkens won the Woodward Stakes with Shaman Ghost, having already won the Brooklyn Invitational and Suburban Handicap earlier that year. "I grew up watching my dad run in all these races when I was a little kid and [saw] how important it was – the Brooklyn, the Suburban, the Woodward – because we were New York people and [in] New York racing all our lives," Jerkens said. "It's what we want." Jerkens announced in April 2023 that he would move to Saudi Arabia, where he accepted a two-year contract to train 50 to 60 horses for Faisal bin Khalid Al Saud. Jerkens said that his training business in the United States was not good in the last three years, and that he had built up a lot of debt. References 1959 births Living people American horse trainers People from Bay Shore, New York

207066

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ananke%20%28moon%29

Ananke (moon)

Ananke () is a retrograde irregular moon of Jupiter. It was discovered by Seth Barnes Nicholson at Mount Wilson Observatory in 1951 and is named after the Greek mythological Ananke, the personification of necessity, and the mother of the Moirai (Fates) by Zeus. The adjectival form of the name is Anankean. Ananke did not receive its present name until 1975; before then, it was simply known as . It was sometimes called "Adrastea" between 1955 and 1975 (Adrastea is now the name of another satellite of Jupiter). Ananke gives its name to the Ananke group, retrograde irregular moons which orbit Jupiter between 19.3 and 22.7 Gm, at inclinations of roughly 150°. Orbit Ananke orbits Jupiter on a high-eccentricity and high-inclination retrograde orbit. Fifteen irregular satellites orbiting Jupiter have been discovered since 2000 following similar orbits. The orbital elements are as of January 2000. They are continuously changing due to solar and planetary perturbations. The diagram illustrates Ananke's orbit in relation to other retrograde irregular satellites of Jupiter. The eccentricity of selected orbits is represented by the yellow segments (extending from the pericentre to the apocentre). The outermost regular satellite Callisto is located for reference. Given these orbital elements and the physical characteristics known so far, Ananke is thought to be the largest remnant of an original break-up, forming the Ananke group. Physical characteristics In the visible spectrum, Ananke appears neutral to light-red (colour indices B-V=0.90 V-R=0.38). The infrared spectrum is similar to P-type asteroids but with a possible indication of water. See also Irregular satellites References Sources Ephemeris IAU-MPC NSES External links Ananke Profile by NASA's Solar System Exploration David Jewitt pages Scott Sheppard pages Ananke group Moons of Jupiter Irregular satellites 19510928 Discoveries by Seth B. Nicholson Moons with a retrograde orbit

21489621

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergio%20Massa

Sergio Massa

Sergio Tomás Massa (; born 28 April 1972) is an Argentine politician who became Minister of Economy on 3 August 2022. From 2019 to 2022, he was the National Deputy for the centre-left coalition Frente de Todos, elected in Buenos Aires Province, and the President of the Chamber of Deputies. Previously, Massa served as the Chief of the Cabinet of Ministers from 2008 to 2009 under Cristina Fernández de Kirchner. He also held the role of intendente (mayor) of Tigre twice, and served as the Executive Director of ANSES, Argentina's decentralized state social insurance agency. A former member of the Justicialist Party, he founded a new political party, the Renewal Front, in 2013. As the leader of the United for a New Alternative coalition, Massa ran for president in 2015, finishing third in the first round of voting with 21% of the vote. Eight years later, in 2023, he ran for president for a second time as part of the Union for the Homeland coalition in October 2023, winning 36.6% of votes to Javier Milei's 29.9%, leading to a November run-off. Early life Massa was born in the western Buenos Aires suburb of San Martín in 1972, to Italian parents. His father was born in Niscemi, Sicily, and his mother in Trieste, Friuli Venezia Giulia. He was raised in the neighboring San Andrés. He attended St Augustine's primary and secondary schools, and later enrolled at the University of Belgrano, a private university in the upscale Buenos Aires borough of the same name. He left school before completing his law degree studies and married Malena Galmarini. Her father, Fernando Galmarini, was at the time the Secretary of Sports for President Carlos Menem. Massa did not finish his law degree studies until 2013, during the campaign for the 2013 legislative election. Political career Early career Massa became affiliated to the conservative UCeDé in 1989 as an aide to Alejandro Keck, councilman for the San Martín partido (which includes San Andrés). He joined the ruling Justicialist Party in 1995, when the UCeDé endorsed the re-election of President Menem after the latter had sidestepped much of his populist Justicialist Party's platform in favor of a more conservative one. In 1999, he was elected to the Buenos Aires Province Chamber of Deputies as part of the Justicialist Party list. Shortly after a crisis led to President Fernando de la Rúa's December 2001 resignation, the Congress appointed Senator Eduardo Duhalde, a more traditional Peronist than Menem had been. Acquainted with Massa through Restaurant Workers' Union leader . Duhalde appointed Massa as Director of the ANSeS (Argentina's Social Security administration). The pragmatic Massa ran on President Néstor Kirchner's center-left Front for Victory ticket during the 2005 legislative elections. Securing a seat in the Chamber of Deputies (lower house of Congress), he forfeited it at the behest of the President, who requested that he stay on as Director of ANSeS. Remaining at the post two more years, he oversaw the voluntary conversion of several million private pension accounts to the ANSeS' aegis when this choice was made available in December 2006. Mayor of Tigre and Cabinet Chief Massa was elected Mayor of the Paraná Delta partido of Tigre in October 2007. That year's elections also brought President Néstor Kirchner's wife, Senator Cristina Kirchner, to the Presidency. Enjoying large majorities in Congress, her administration suffered its first major setback when her proposals for higher agricultural export taxes were defeated on 16 July 2008, with Vice President Julio Cobos's surprise, tie-breaking vote against them. The controversy helped lead to the 23 July resignation of Alberto Fernández, the president's Cabinet Chief, and to his replacement with Sergio Massa who, at 36, became the youngest person to hold the influential post since its creation in 1994. He was persuaded to run as a stand-in candidate (who, after the election, would cede his new seat to a down-ticket name on the party list) for the ruling Front for Victory (FpV) ahead of the June 2009 mid-term elections. Massa, however, enlisted his own candidates (including his wife) for the Tigre City Council under his own ticket, and its success in these city council races distanced him from others in the FpV. Massa had, moreover, harbored differences with the president over a number of policies, including the nationalization of loss-producing private pension funds, the use of the INDEC bureau to understate inflation data, and the vast regulatory powers granted to Commerce Secretary Guillermo Moreno. Following the FpV's narrow defeat in the Chamber of Deputies mid-term races, Massa tendered his resignation to the President, effective 7 July. Massa, who appointed the city council president as provisional mayor while he served as the president's cabinet chief, returned to his office of Mayor of Tigre on 24 July. He was investigated along with other officials for the illegal retention of "repayments" of nonexistent loans from the pensions of about 17 thousand retired while he was director of the ANSES Break with the Kirchners In 2010, Massa joined a group of eight Buenos Aires Province mayors in calling for the establishment of local police departments independent of the Provincial Police; this 'Group of 8' had become disaffected to varying degrees with the Kirchner government, and came to view Massa as presidential timber for a future date. He stumbled into controversy, however, when the WikiLeaks disclosures of 2010 mentioned a number of indiscretions on Massa's part during a dinner hosted the previous year at the U.S. Ambassador's Residence. He was said by one of Ambassador Vilma Socorro Martínez's cables to have revealed details about working with former President Néstor Kirchner, stating that he was "a psychopath; a monster whose bully approach to politics shows his sense of inferiority." He reportedly added that the former president "runs the Argentine government" while his wife (the President) "followed orders," and that she "would be better off without him." He nevertheless remained allied as a member of the FpV faction and the Cristina Kirchner administration, and was re-elected mayor on the FpV slate with 73% of the vote in 2011. Polling ahead of the October 2013 mid-term elections gave Massa better prospects running for Congress under the FpV party list than on a separate slate. Upon the filing deadline on 22 June, however, Massa ultimately opted to form his own Frente Renovador ('Renewal Front') faction with the support of the 'Group of 8' Buenos Aires Province Mayors and others, notably former Argentine Industrial Union president José Ignacio de Mendiguren (recently an ally of Kirchner). This split with Kirchner proved successful for Massa as the Renewal Front slate beat the FpV slate in the Buenos Aires province in both the primary and general elections. In October 2013, Javier Corradino, president of the Commercial Chamber of Tigre, Adrian Zolezzi, secretary of the same entity, and Santiago Maneiro, secretary of the Commercial Chamber of Pacheco, reported that four of their shops had been closed by Sergio Massa in retaliation for having made a trade agreement with the National Social Security Administration to operate the Argenta card, administered by ANSeS. They denounced the closures as anti-democratic and an act of political persecution towards traders in the municipality. Javier Corradino was expelled from a campaign of Renewal Front's Malena Galmarini, Tigre City Council secretary for health policy and human development, and wife of Sergio Massa. 2015 and 2017 campaigns Ahead of the 2015 general election, Massa announced his intention to run for President of Argentina. He joined forces with Córdoba governor José Manuel de la Sota to form the United for a New Alternative alliance. Massa sought to appeal to centrist voters in an election disputed by the Peronist Daniel Scioli and the centre-right conservative Mauricio Macri, and focused his campaign on the fight against corruption, climate change, and development through renewable energy sources. In the first round of voting, on 25 October 2015, Massa was the third-most voted candidate with 21% of the vote, trailing behind Scioli and Macri, who went on to dispute the presidency in the second round. In the 2017 legislative election, Massa's Renewal Front joined forces with progressives Margarita Stolbizer and Victoria Donda to form the 1País ("1Country") electoral coalition. Facing the end of his term as national deputy, Massa and Stolbizer ran for Buenos Aires Province's seats in the National Senate. The senatorial bid was, however, unsuccessful, as the 1País list landed third in the election behind Cambiemos and Unidad Ciudadana. Frente de Todos and presidency of the Chamber Ahead of the 2019 general election, Massa made public his intention to once again run for President and launched "Alternativa Federal", a coalition with other non-Kirchnerist members of the Justicialist Party such as Miguel Ángel Pichetto and Juan Manuel Urtubey. However, following the announcement of Cristina Fernández de Kirchner that she would not run for President, but would instead back Alberto Fernández, Massa stood down from the race and pledged his support for the newly formed Frente de Todos, a coalition of Peronist parties and alliances, both Kirchnerist and non-Kirchnerist. He was then nominated to run for a seat in the National Chamber of Deputies as the first candidate in the Frente de Todos list in Buenos Aires Province. The Frente de Todos list won in a landslide in Buenos Aires Province, easily securing Massa's seat in the Chamber. Upon taking office on 4 December 2019, he was elected as president of the Chamber, succeeding Emilio Monzó. As president of the Chamber of Deputies, Massa introduced modifications to the chamber statute to guarantee gender parity in parliamentary commissions, and splitting the commission on Family, Women, Children and Adolescence into two separate commissions for Family and Childhood and Women and Diversity. During the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent lockdown in Argentina, Massa's administration sought to lower the costs of parliamentary proceedings by suspending legislative aides and restricting mobility benefits for deputies. In December 2021, Massa was ratified as president of the Chamber for another two years by all parliamentary blocs in the Chamber. One of Massa's flagship issues during his tenure as president of the Chamber was the reduction of tax pressures on the middle class. In 2022, Renewal Front deputies introduced legislation to raise the minimum quota for income tax. Minister of Economy On 29 July 2022, Massa was designated as the country's new Minister of Economy, taking over three previously stand-alone ministries of Economy, Productive Development and Agriculture in the cabinet of President Alberto Fernández. Massa's designation came less than a month after Silvina Batakis' appointment, following the resignation of Martín Guzmán. The fusion of the three ministries led the media to dub Massa superministro ("super-minister"), a term that had previously been used to describe economy ministers in other governments such as Nicolás Dujovne and Domingo Cavallo. Initial market speculations regarding Massa's first measures as minister led to the Argentine peso recovering against the US dollar, with the unofficial exchange rate ("dólar blue") descending to $280 ARS per dollar on 1 August 2022, down from the peak of $338 ARS per dollar on 21 July. 2023 presidential run On 23 June 2023, Massa was announced as the presidential candidate of the new Unión por la Patria () coalition, with Cabinet Chief Agustín Rossi as his running mate. He was endorsed by President Fernández, vice president Cristina Kirchner, and other majoritarian sectors of the Peronist coalition. He won a primary election for the coalition's nomination against social leader Juan Grabois of the Patria Grande Front on 13 August 2023. In the general election in October 2023 he won 36.6% of votes to Javier Milei's 29.9%, leading to a November run-off. Other activities World Bank, Ex-Officio Member of the Board of Governors (since 2022) Personal life Massa is married to Malena Galmarini, a fellow politician, and a member of a Peronist political family. Galmarini and Massa met in 1996 and married in 2001. The couple has two children, Milagros and Tomás. Through Galmarini's father, Fernando Galmarini, Massa is the son-in-law of TV presenter and vedette Moria Casán. Massa is a supporter of the football club Club Atlético Tigre. Electoral history Executive Legislative References External links Personal website Biography by CIDOB |- |- |- 1972 births Argentine people of Italian descent Argentine people of Sicilian descent Argentine Ministers of Finance Candidates for President of Argentina Chiefs of Cabinet of Ministers of Argentina Justicialist Party politicians Living people Mayors of places in Argentina Members of the Argentine Chamber of Deputies elected in Buenos Aires Province Members of the Buenos Aires Province Chamber of Deputies People from San Martín, Buenos Aires People from Tigre, Buenos Aires Presidents of the Argentine Chamber of Deputies Renewal Front politicians

32567425

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AEE788

AEE788

AEE788 is a multitargeted human epidermal receptor (HER) 1/2 and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) 1/2 receptor family tyrosine kinases inhibitor with IC50 of 2, 6, 77, 59 nM for EGFR, ErbB2, KDR, and Flt-1. In cells, growth factor-induced EGFR and ErbB2 phosphorylation was also efficiently inhibited with IC50s of 11 and 220 nM, respectively. It efficiently inhibited growth factor-induced EGFR and ErbB2 phosphorylation in tumors for >72 h, a phenomenon correlating with the antitumor efficacy of intermittent treatment schedules. It also inhibits VEGF-induced angiogenesis in a murine implant model. It has potential as an anticancer agent targeting deregulated tumor cell proliferation as well as angiogenic parameters. The IC50 value of AEE788 against of different kinases The data of antiproliferative activity of AEE788 References Protein kinase inhibitors

20029849

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marius%20Gherman

Marius Gherman

Marius Costel Gherman (born 14 July 1967) is a Romanian artistic gymnast who represented Romania at the 1988 Olympic Games and at the 1992 Olympic Games. His best event was the horizontal bar for which he medaled bronze at the 1988 Olympic Games and silver at the 1993 World Championships. He is also a bronze continental medalist on vault and on horizontal bar. After retiring from competitions Gherman worked in United Kingdom as a gymnastics coach. References External links Living people 1967 births Gymnasts at the 1988 Summer Olympics Gymnasts at the 1992 Summer Olympics Romanian male artistic gymnasts Olympic gymnasts for Romania Olympic bronze medalists for Romania Medalists at the World Artistic Gymnastics Championships Olympic medalists in gymnastics Medalists at the 1988 Summer Olympics Sportspeople from Sibiu

71608867

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezi%20%28clothing%29

Hezi (clothing)

(), also known as () in the Song dynasty, (), (), and (), is a type of ancient Chinese corset-like garment item, which is typically used as an undergarment or decorative over-garment accessory in . It originated from the Tang dynasty and its origin is attributed to the Tang dynasty imperial consort, Yang Guifei. The was also used as an garment accessory in the ; this Tang dynasty-style attire combination is sometimes referred as . The became popular from the Tang to Ming dynasties. This garment item accessory bears resemblance to the Qing dynasty but do not have the same construction and design. The Tang dynasty and the Song dynasty are both garment items in which was revived in the 21st century following the Hanfu movement. Origins The origins of the is attributed to Yang Guifei, who covered her chest with a piece of embroidered cloth, according to the book 《》by Zeng Zao of the Song dynasty: This is also attested by Song Gaozhen () in the : – 《》. The then became popular as women in the palace imitated the trend of Yang Guifei. In the Ming dynasty records 《》by Ming dynasty scholar Tian Yiheng, it is mentioned that the ", that is, Tang '' and so on ...... from the back and surrounded by forward, so also named ". Construction and design According to the Ming dynasty record, the Tang dynasty is tied from the back to the front, and the lower part has a tie that the waistband of the (Chinese skirts) can be tied at the same time. It is suggested that the Tang dynasty wrapped the breasts and the back areas of women. However, to date, there is a lack of unearthed archaeological artifact of the dating from the Tang dynasty. The painting "Court Ladies Adorning Their Hair with Flowers" by the 8th century painter, Zhou Fang, of the Tang dynasty was used as the main reference to recover the nowadays. On the other hand, there are archaeological artifacts of the Song dynasty which was unearthed in Fujian Province. The in the Song dynasty was a single-piece garment which was used as an underwear, but appears to have been more conservative in style as it covered both the breasts and belly areas of its wearer. Modern In the 21sth, the was designed by merchants as an accessory for the ; it was designed with a square of fabric which bore similarities to the Song dynasty but featured small side ties to fasten the allowing it to be worn on top of the top region of the . However, due to the lack of unearthed archaeological artifacts, this form of Tang dynasty with side ties as a stand-alone accessory item was discontinued by merchants. Modern , on the other hand, continues to be produced by merchants due to the existence of pictorial materials such as paintings, and mural reliefs; there are currently three forms of modern which is being sold and produced nowadays: (1) A designed as single, rectangular piece of fabric in the construction of a Song dynasty matches with the high skirt of the as its outermost layer; (2) a single skirt known as "mountain-shaped piece" skirt creates the -like effect where the front of the skirt is raised higher while the back of the skirt is narrower; and (3) a and a high-waist skirt is sewn together forming a single skirt. Modern Nowadays, there are three main types of Song dynasty-style produced and sold by merchants: the () ; the () , and (3) (, a with no pleats. The features box pleats; it is actually a 21st-century invention and did not exist in the Song dynasty; its creation and development was the result of restoration mistakes by early merchants when attempting to restore the Song dynasty cultural relics of the actual clothing item. It, however, continues to be sold in the current market. A special style of Song dynasty-style which is currently produced is a backless , which was designed in imitation to the artifacts unearthed from the tomb of Huang Sheng dating in the Southern Song dynasty. See also Hanfu accessories Notes References External links Chinese traditional clothing

29509072

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Docklands%20Studios%20Melbourne

Docklands Studios Melbourne

Docklands Studios Melbourne is a major film and television production complex located in Melbourne’s redeveloped Docklands precinct. The site is approximately from Melbourne’s Central Business District. The complex opened in 2004 and its primary function is to support Victoria's film and television industry and attract international and Australian productions to Melbourne. It is one of three major studios in Australia, the others being Village Roadshow Studios on the Gold Coast and Disney Studios Australia in Sydney. The facility has recently expanded, with completion in early 2022 of a new super stage (Stage 6) that is one of the largest in the Southern Hemisphere. Background The push for Melbourne to build a major studio complex arose in the late 1990s amid concern that it was "losing some of its media city position to arch-rival Sydney and to the Gold Coast". The strategic objectives were that construction of a major studio complex would represent Melbourne's maturity and global ambitions, develop production capacity to its next stage, and service the needs of the local film and television industry. At the time, Melbourne had a number of smaller facilities with sound stages, but did not have a large state-of-the-art complex. History Construction and early years Construction began in 2003 on a parcel of land provided by the Victorian Government in the Docklands precinct. The studios were a partnership between the Victorian Government and a private consortium, Central City Studio Holdings. The complex opened in April 2004 under the name Melbourne Central City Studios and that year hosted the Australian feature film production, Hating Alison Ashley. In 2005, the American-backed Ghost Rider became the first international production at the studios and, with a budget of around million, was the biggest feature film ever to be made in Victoria. However, the number of international productions in the first few years of operation did not live up to expectations, partly because of the fluctuating Australian dollar. 2008 upgrade In 2008 the private consortium withdrew and the Victorian Government took control of the facility, later financially supporting a A$10 million infrastructure upgrade. Shortly afterwards, the complex changed its name to Docklands Studios Melbourne, formally adopting the name by which the studios were commonly known. 2020s expansion In October 2019, the Victorian government unveiled plans for construction of a $46 million super stage to enable the studios to host large international productions. The building was officially opened on 26 March 2022 and was immediately hired for production of Better Man, a biopic about Robbie Williams due for release in the second half of 2023. In April 2022, it was announced that the studios would host Victoria’s biggest ever screen production, a TV series remake of Fritz Lang’s 1927 Metropolis for NBC Universal’s Universal Studio Group. On June 18, 2023 online news site Deadline reported that production of Metropolis had permanently shut down as a result of push costs and uncertainty related to the 2023 Writers Guild of America strike. Since April 2022 the CEO of the complex has been film industry executive Antony Tulloch. Facilities The studio complex consists of six sound stages with a total area of close to , various production offices, a workshop divided into bays of different sizes and parking for more than 650 vehicles. The sound stages vary in size from . They are hired for production of feature films, drama series and audience-based television programs as well as television commercials, music videos and corporate events. Productions Feature films and TV dramas by year of release or broadcast Hating Alison Ashley (2005) The Extra (2005) Last Man Standing (Seven Network, 2005) Charlotte's Web (2006) Nightmares and Dreamscapes: From the Stories of Stephen King (2006) Ghost Rider (2007) Chak De! India (2007) Storm Warning (2007) Satisfaction (2007–09) As the Bell Rings (Disney Where the Wild Things Are (2009) Knowing (2009) The Pacific (miniseries) (2010) Tomorrow, When the War Began (2010) Don't Be Afraid of the Dark (2010) The Eye of the Storm (2011 - production base only) Winners and Losers (2011–16) Killer Elite (2011) Jack Irish (2012/2016/2020) Crawlspace (2012) Patrick (2013) INXS: Never Tear Us Apart (2014) I, Frankenstein (2014) Predestination (2014) The Dressmaker (2015) Oddball (2015) Childhood's End (2015) The Menkoff Method (2016) Restoration (2016) Lion (2016 - production base only) The Legend of Ben Hall (2016) The Leftovers (2017) Berlin Syndrome (2017) Guilty (2017) Brothers' Nest (2018) Winchester (2018) Upgrade (2018) Bad Mothers (2019) The Wheel (2019) Choir Girl (2019) The Whistleblower (2019) Preacher (2019) Shantaram (2021) Clickbait (2021) La Brea (2021-2023) The King's Daughter (2022) Foe (2022) Better Man (2022) Metropolis (2023) Late Night with the Devil (2023) Audience-based and reality TV The Rich List (Seven Network, 2007) 1 vs. 100 (Nine Network, 2007–08) Hole in the Wall (Nine Network, 2008) Project Runway Australia (Foxtel, 2008) Are You Smarter Than a 5th Grader? (Network Ten, 2008–09) Talkin' 'Bout Your Generation (Network Ten and Nine Network, 2009–12, 2018–19) Beat the Star (Seven Network, 2010) Iron Chef Australia (Seven Network, 2010) Australia's Got Talent (Seven Network, 2010–12) Ben Elton Live from Planet Earth (Nine Network, 2011) The Million Dollar Drop (Nine Network, 2011) Millionaire Hot Seat (Nine Network, 2011–19) The AFL Footy Show (Nine Network, 2011–19) Everybody Dance Now (Network Ten, 2012) SlideShow (Seven Network, 2013) MasterChef Australia (Network Ten, 2014) Q&A, Melbourne episodes (ABC TV, 2016–17) The Big Music Quiz (Seven Network 2016) Dancing With the Stars (Network Ten, 2020) The Masked Singer (Australian season 2) (Network Ten, 2020) Come Dance with Me (TV series) (CBS, 2022) Would I Lie to You? (Network Ten, 2022-2023) Aunty Donna's Coffee Cafe (ABC TV, 2023) Taskmaster Australia (Network Ten, 2023) Blow Up (Australian TV series) (Seven Network, 2023) The 1% Club (Australian TV series) (Seven Network, 2023) References External links Australian film studios Television studios in Australia Buildings and structures in the City of Melbourne (LGA) 2004 establishments in Australia Buildings and structures completed in 2004

37027383

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bates%20Bobcats

Bates Bobcats

The Bates Bobcats are the athletic teams of Bates College largely based in Lewiston, Maine and the surrounding areas. The college's official mascot has been the bobcat since 1924, and maintains garnet as its official color. The school sponsors 32 varsity sports (16 men's, 16 women's), most of which compete in the Division III New England Small College Athletic Conference (NESCAC). The school's men's and women's ski teams and men's and women's squash teams compete in Division I. Bates has rivalries with Princeton in Squash and Dartmouth in Skiing and selected hockey bouts. The college also competes with its Maine rivals Bowdoin and Colby in the Colby-Bates-Bowdoin Consortium (CBB). This is one of the oldest football rivalries in the United States. This consortium is a series of historically highly competitive football games ending in the championship game between the three schools. Bates has won this championship at total of twelve times including 2014, 2015, and in 2016 beat Bowdoin 24–7 after their 21–19 abroad victory over Colby. Bates is currently the holder of the winning streak, and has the record for biggest victory in the athletic conference with a 51–0 shutout of Colby College. The three colleges also contest the Colby-Bates-Bowdoin Chase Regatta. The college is the all-time leader of the Chase Regatta with a total of 14 composite wins, followed by Colby's 5 wins, concluded with Bowdoin's 2 wins. Bates maintains 31 varsity teams, and 9 club teams, including sailing, cycling, ice hockey, rugby, and water polo. According to U.S. Rowing, the Women's Rowing Team is ranked first in the NESCAC, and first overall in NCAA Division III Rowing, as of 2016. In April 2005, the college's athletic program was ranked in the top 5% of national athletics programs. As of 2018, the college has graduated a total of 12 Olympians, one of whom won the Olympic Gold Medal rowing for Canada. The Bobcats have broken records on the state, regional and national level. In the 2015 season, the women's rowing team was the most decorated rowing team in collegiate racing while also being the first to sweep every major rowing competition in its athletic conference in the history of Division III athletics. The ice hockey team is the first team to win the NESCAC Club Ice Hockey Championships four times in a row. In 2015, the men's rowing team had the fastest ascension in rankings of any sport in its athletic conference and was named the NESCAC Rowing Champion. Bates has the 5th highest NESCAC title hold, and holds the top titles in women's and men's rowing. Bates follows Bowdoin's 30 NESCAC titles with its 16, and its followed by Colby's 9 titles. Men's sports Men's football The men's football team competes in the Division III New England Small College Athletic Conference (NESCAC). The football team is led by head coach, Matt Coyne. The Bobcats played Toledo in the 1946 Glass Bowl, losing 21–12. Men's basketball Bates College's men's basketball team is led by head coach Jon Furbush, and in 2015 he led the team to the semi-finals of the NCAA Division III Basketball Championships. He is the youngest head coach in the history of the team and was named the 2014–15 Maine Coach of the Year by the Maine Men's Basketball Coaches and Writers Association. Men's baseball Men's golf Men's lacrosse The men's lacrosse team is led by head coach, Peter Lasagna, who has been head for the past 16 seasons. In 2015, Lasagna won his third NESCAC Coach of the Year and has led the Bobcats to five appearances in the NESCAC Championship. In 2015, the team reported 156 points scored, ranking them 6th in-conference, and 5th overall. Men's rowing The Men's Rowing team is headed by Peter Steenstra, who was awarded the 2015 Division III Coach of the Year Award by the College Rowing Coaches Association, after also receiving Men's and Women's Coach of the Year honors from both the New England Small College Athletic Conference (NESCAC) and the Eastern College Athletic Conference (ECAC). Alumni, Andrew Byrnes (class of 2005), won the Olympic Gold Medal while rowing for the Canadian National Team, in 2008 in the Beijing Olympics. Men's tennis Men's rugby Men's nordic skiing Men's cross country Men's track & field Men's squash Women's sports Women's rowing The Women's Rowing team is headed by Peter Steenstra, who was awarded the 2015 Division III Coach of the Year Award by the College Rowing Coaches Association, after also receiving Men's and Women's Coach of the Year honors from both the New England Small College Athletic Conference (NESCAC) and the Eastern College Athletic Conference (ECAC). The women's rowing team is the first rowing team to sweep every major rowing competition in its athletic conference in the history of Division III athletics, a feat completed in 2015. According to U.S. Rowing, the Women's Rowing Team is ranked 1st in the New England Small College Athletic Conference, and 1st overall in NCAA Division III Rowing, as of 2016. Women's track & field Women's squash Women's soccer Women's basketball The 2004 women's basketball team was ranked first in the United States for most of February 2005 and finished the year ranked number six by the USA Today/ESPN Today 25 National Coaches' Poll. The women's basketball team earned the top seed in the NESCAC in 2005, and competed in the finals with Bowdoin for three consecutive years until 2008. Women's cross country Club sports Volleyball Ice hockey As of 2016, the men's club ice hockey team is ranked #5 in the Northeast, and #25 overall in the NESCHA rankings. Sailing team The college's sailing team is based at the Taylor Pond Yacht Club, in Auburn, Maine. The team sails in the New England Intercollegiate Sailing Association (NEISA) conference with its main competitors being Bowdoin, Tufts, and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, among the other 40+ schools in the conference. The team regularly competes at the largest collegiate keelboat regatta in the Western Hemisphere, the Intercollegiate Offshore Regatta (IOR) held at Larchmont Yacht Club by the Storm Trysail Foundation. The team regularly updates their website and their social media platforms. Colby-Bates-Bowdoin Consortium Olympians As of 2018, the college has graduated a total of 12 Olympians, one of whom won the Olympic Gold Medal rowing for Canada. Athletic facilities References External links

25065382

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnnycake%2C%20West%20Virginia

Johnnycake, West Virginia

Johnnycake is an unincorporated community in McDowell County, West Virginia, United States. Johnnycake is located on U.S. Route 52, north of Iaeger. References Unincorporated communities in McDowell County, West Virginia Unincorporated communities in West Virginia

24175652

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/23rd%20Delaware%20General%20Assembly

23rd Delaware General Assembly

The 23rd Delaware General Assembly was a meeting of the legislative branch of the state government, consisting of the Delaware Senate and the Delaware House of Representatives. Elections were held the first Tuesday of October and terms began on the first Tuesday in January. The Assembly met in the state capital, Dover, convening January 1, 1799, two weeks before the beginning of the first year of the administration of Governor Richard Bassett. The apportionment of seats was permanently assigned to three senators and seven representatives for each of the three counties. Population of the county did not effect the number of delegates. Both chambers had a Federalist majority. Leadership Senate Isaac Davis, Kent County House of Representatives Stephen Lewis, Kent County Members Senate Senators were elected by the public for a three-year term, one third posted each year. House of Representatives Representatives were elected by the public for a one-year term. References Places with more information Delaware Historical Society; website; 505 North Market Street, Wilmington, Delaware 19801; (302) 655-7161 University of Delaware; Library website; 181 South College Avenue, Newark, Delaware 19717; (302) 831-2965 2 023 1799 in Delaware 1800 in Delaware

45444938

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finn%20Pratt

Finn Pratt

Finn Axel Pratt (born 1960) is a retired senior Australian public servant. He was most recently Secretary of the Department of the Environment and Energy. Life and career Pratt has a Bachelor of Arts from the Australian National University. He was appointed Chief Executive Officer of Centrelink in September 2008. Finn Pratt was promoted to the role of Secretary of the Department of Human Services in 2009. In 2011, Pratt moved into the position of Secretary of the Department of Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs. In 2013 he was appointed Secretary of the Department of Social Services. On 7 September 2017, the Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull announced Pratt's appointment as Secretary of the Department of the Environment and Energy, commencing 18 September [4]. Pratt retired from office on 11 October 2019 following a 36 year career in the Australian Public Service. Robodebt Royal Commission Pratt was one of the most senior public servants to appear before the Royal Commission into the Robodebt Scheme. His evidence included: that he signed a letter to the Ombudsman saying his department was satisfied it was operating legally because he "trusted" the advice his officials provided that Robodebt scheme was "one headache which wasn't my headache" (even though he was the head of the policy department responsible, including signing said letter to the Ombudsman) that he did not believe he had asked how the scheme worked. The Royal Commission reported that Pratt failed to make inquiries about the legality of Robodebt, and that as Secretary he should have. Further, in advising the Ombudsman in 2017 that the scheme was operating legally, Pratt effectively misled the Ombudsman investigation. The Royal Commission also reported that Pratt specifically signed a letter to the Commonwealth Ombudsman in 2017 saying the scheme was lawful, despite not seeing any legal or policy advice or knowing how it worked. Pratt admitted to the Royal Commission that he did not ask for legal advice before making the recommendation. Specifically, the Royal Commission report states: “It can be readily accepted that as secretary of DSS Mr Pratt was entitled to rely on the expertise of DSS staff in developing draft correspondence for him to sign. However, that does not absolve Mr Pratt of any responsibility to make inquiry before making a public, positive assertion about the lawfulness of an entire Scheme. His Department held legal advice about the Scheme which demonstrated it was unlawful. Mr Pratt was not aware of that advice, but he did not take any steps to inquire about that prior to asserting the legality of the Scheme. He failed to make inquiries to satisfy himself that the representation made with respect to the legality of the Scheme in the letter he signed was correct. The effect of Mr Pratt’s letter to the Ombudsman was significant. The Ombudsman placed substantial weight on Mr Pratt’s assurance that DSS was satisfied that the Scheme was operating in line with legislative requirements. Both DHS and DSS continued to cite the Ombudsman’s report, including Mr Pratt’s statement as to the Scheme’s meeting legislative requirements, to defend the Scheme. This is outlined in further detail in the chapter – The Commonwealth Ombudsman.” Awards Pratt was awarded a Public Service Medal in January 2008 for outstanding public service in the development and implementation of significant and innovative reforms to public employment services and workplace relations in Australia. In June 2015, Pratt was appointed an Officer of the Order of Australia for his work on the National Disability Insurance Scheme. References Living people Place of birth missing (living people) Australian public servants Officers of the Order of Australia Recipients of the Public Service Medal (Australia) Australian National University alumni 1960 births

4129997

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mic%20Geronimo

Mic Geronimo

Michael Craig McDermon (born September 14, 1973, in Queens, New York), better known by his stage name Mic Geronimo, is an American rapper who was acquainted with Irv Gotti of Murder Inc. Gotti and his brother met Mic Geronimo at a Queens high school talent show, and Mic agreed to record a single ("Shit's Real"), which became a classic underground hit. Mic Geronimo landed a deal with Blunt/TVT Records and debuted with the 1995 LP The Natural. His song "Wherever You Are" was sampled by Moby for the track "Jam for the Ladies" in 2002. The 1997 album Vendetta saw him with a higher profile, working with Jay-Z, Ja Rule, DMX, the LOX and Puff Daddy on the single "Nothin' Move but the Money", the video for which featured porn star Heather Hunter. The video was supposed to be shot by director Hype Williams, but Hype was filming an Usher video, so instead this became the first video directed by Christopher Erskin, who later directed the 2004 film Johnson Family Vacation. In 2003, Mic Geronimo released Long Road Back, followed by Alive 9/14/73 in 2007. Discography Studio albums Singles References Rappers from Queens, New York TVT Records artists African-American male rappers American male rappers 1973 births Living people Underground rappers East Coast hip hop musicians Hardcore hip hop artists 21st-century American rappers 21st-century American male musicians 21st-century African-American musicians 20th-century African-American people

67291400

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletics%20at%20the%201950%20British%20Empire%20Games%20%E2%80%93%20Men%27s%201%20mile

Athletics at the 1950 British Empire Games – Men's 1 mile

The men's 1 mile event at the 1950 British Empire Games was held on 9 and 11 February at the Eden Park in Auckland, New Zealand. Medalists Results Heats Qualification: First 4 in each heat (Q) qualify directly for the final. Final References Athletics at the 1950 British Empire Games 1950

7372917

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunkaroos

Dunkaroos

Dunkaroos are a snack food from Betty Crocker, first launched in 1990. It consists of a snack-sized package containing cookies and frosting; as the name implies, the cookies are meant to be dunked into the frosting before eating. Individual snack packages contain about ten small cookies and one cubic inch of frosting. The cookies are made in a variety of shapes, including a circle with an uppercase "D" in the center (the only shape featured in the 2020 version), feet, the mascot in different poses, and a hot air balloon. Marketing The Dunkaroos mascot is a cartoon kangaroo, explaining the product's name which is a portmanteau of dunk and kangaroos. The original mascot was Sydney, a caricature of modern Australian culture, who wore a hat, vest, and tie and spoke with an Australian accent, and was voiced by John Cameron Mitchell. At the height of their popularity in 1996, a contest known as "Dunk-a-roos Kangaroo Kanga-Who Search" was held, resulting in the new mascot: Duncan, named the dunkin' daredevil. History The product was discontinued in the United States in 2012 but continued to be sold in Canada. In 2016, General Mills announced a campaign called "Smugglaroos", which encouraged Canadians travelling to the United States to bring the snack to Americans who wanted it. Dunkaroos continued being sold in Canada until January 2018, with no comment by General Mills. In December 2019 Dunkaroos were brought back unofficially by Nestlé with a chocolate-hazelnut flavour. The biscuits are shaped like a kangaroo biscuit. This is only available in Australia as Nestlé does not have the right to sell Dunkaroos worldwide. On February 3, 2020, a BuzzFeed article was published claiming that General Mills sent them exclusive info regarding a return of Dunkaroos. The official Twitter account for Dunkaroos claimed that they were scheduled to be re-released during the summer of 2020. It also used to link to the BuzzFeed article in the bio, but this was later changed to their official website. In May 2020, Dunkaroos began arriving at 7-Eleven stores in the United States until being brought to other stores, including Walmart, Target, and Kroger, a few months afterwards. The new single serving package went from 1oz to 1.5oz, and the sugar was reduced significantly. On July 22, 2020, limited edition merchandise based on the brand was released, with each order coming with a pack of the aforementioned snack. On November 23, 2020, limited edition Dunkaroos cookie dough, complete with frosting, was released. Around early January 2021, a Dunkaroos cereal was released by General Mills. Around January 2021, Dunkaroos yogurt was released under Yoplait's Go-Gurt product line. In 2022, a new, limited-time only orange sherbet flavor was released, alongside a variant with chocolate cookies and chocolate chip frosting. Varieties Dunkaroos come in rainbow sprinkle frosting with vanilla cookies, vanilla frosting with chocolate cookies, chocolate frosting with graham cookies, strawberry frosting with vanilla cookies, and rainbow sprinkle frosting with chocolate chip graham cookies. Cookie dough, a cereal, yogurt, pancake mix, and a separate frosting pack also spawned from the 2020 version. Previously, the cookies were cinnamon flavored. There was a special SpongeBob SquarePants edition, featuring yellow frosting. The cookies also collaborated with DreamWorks in 2010 to add varieties based on their movies, like Megamind and Shark Tale. References External links Dunkaroos Twitter Official Website Products introduced in 1990 Products and services discontinued in 2012 Products introduced in 2020 General Mills brands Brand name cookies Fictional kangaroos and wallabies Cartoon mascots Historical foods in American cuisine

24102934

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lu

Lu

Lu, Lü, or LU may refer to: Arts and entertainment Lu (music), Tibetan folk music Lu (duo), a Mexican band Lu (album) Character from Mike, Lu & Og Lupe Fiasco or Lu (born 1982), American musician Lebor na hUidre, a manuscript containing many Irish fictional stories commonly abbreviated LU Lu (novel), 2018 novel by Jason Reynolds Chinese surnames Lu (surname), including: Lu (surname 卢), the 52nd commonest Lu (surname 陆), the 61st commonest Lu (surname 鲁), the 115th commonest Lu (surname 路), the 116th commonest Lu (surname 芦), the 140th commonest Lu (surname 禄) Lu (surname 逯) Lu (surname 鹿) Lü (surname), 吕, the 47th commonest Places Asia Lu (state) of ancient China, in today's Shandong Province Lü (state), an ancient Chinese state Lu Commandery, of ancient China Lù, a circuit (administrative division) in China Lu, Iran, Isfahan Province Lu County, Sichuan, China La Union, Philippines, from its initials Europe LU postcode area in England Lu, Piedmont, Alessandria, Italy Lü, Switzerland, Graubünden Province of Lucca, Italy, vehicle registration code Canton of Lucerne, Switzerland, ISO 3166 code CH-LU Luxembourg, ISO country code Lú (county), or County of Louth, Ireland Universities Bangladesh Leading University, Sylhet Canada Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario Hong Kong Lingnan University, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong Latvia University of Latvia, Riga Lebanon Lebanese University, Beirut Sweden Lund University, Scania United States Lamar University, Beaumont, Texas Langston University, Oklahoma Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania Lindenwood University, St. Charles, Missouri Liberty University, Lynchburg, Virginia Science, technology, and mathematics .lu, Luxembourg's Internet domain LU decomposition of a matrix in mathematics Lutetium, symbol Lu, a chemical element Languages Lü language of South East Asia Luba-Katanga language, ISO 639-1 code, spoken in the Democratic Republic of the Congo Other uses LU (biscuits), a French biscuit brand Livestock Unit of grazing land London Underground, UK Lú or Lugh, an ancient god in Irish mythology Lū or laulau, Tongan name for leaves of taro Lǔ, a Chinese method of red cooking Lufax or Lu.com, Chinese financial technology company Lu people, a southeast Asian ethnic group Lu, a hippopotamus at the Homosassa Springs Wildlife State Park LATAM Express, IATA code See also Lew (disambiguation) Lieu (disambiguation) Loo (disambiguation) Lou (disambiguation) Lue (disambiguation) Luu (disambiguation)

36143354

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farinamycin

Farinamycin

Farinamycin is a quinazoline metabolite that has been isolated from Streptomyces griseus. It is the first known metabolite to be produced by S. griseus that is not a phenoxazinone antibiotic. Farinamycin is formed from the condensation of 3-OH-anthranalite and 3,4-AHBA building blocks that later combine with Enaminomycin C biosynthetically. Many Streptomyces natural products have been used as antibiotics, antifungals, anticancer agents and immunosuppressive agents. Biosynthesis Farinamycin is made of three different components: 3-OH-anthranilate (3-HAA), 3,4-aminohydroxybenzamide (3,4-AHBAm) and the natural product Enaminomycin C. 3-OH anthranilate is derived from the central shikimate pathway metabolite chorismate. Chorismate is made from shikimate and is then attacked by nascent ammonia to produce the ortho aminobenzoate isomer by anthranilate synthase. Hydrolysis and FMN mediated reduction leads to the 3-hydroxy aminobenzoate derivative. 3,4-AHBAm is made via the aminoshikimate pathway from L-Aspartate-4-semialdehyde and Dihydroxyacetone phosphate via an enzyme catalyzed aldol condensation followed by ring formation. Enaminomycin C is formed from anthranilate, which is made via the shikimate pathway as well. Subsequent oxidation is followed by a proposed dioxygenase mechanism that leads to epoxide formation. The final step is racemization. The final quinazoline motif comes from a niementowski-type reaction from 3-HAA and 3,4-AHBAm followed by the nucleophilic oxirane ring opening of enaminomycin C to yield farinamycin. References Quinazolines Cyclohexenes

67867188

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swansea%20East%20Dock%20railway%20station

Swansea East Dock railway station

Swansea East Dock railway station served the city of Swansea, in the historical county of Glamorganshire, Wales, from 1880 to 1936 on the Swansea and Neath Railway. History The station was opened on 1 October 1880 by the Great Western Railway. It was known as Swansea East Dock Fabians Bay in the handbook of stations. The engine shed closed in 1964. The station closed on 28 September 1936. References Disused railway stations in Swansea Former Great Western Railway stations Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1880 Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1936 1880 establishments in Wales 1936 disestablishments in Wales

13308023

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green%20in%20Islam

Green in Islam

The color green () has a number of traditional associations in Islam. In the Quran, it is associated with paradise. Green was adopted by the Shi'ites, and remains particularly popular in Shi'ite iconography, but it is also widely used in by Sunni states, notably in the flag of Saudi Arabia and the flag of Pakistan. Quran Al-Khidr ("The Green One") is a Qur’anic figure who met and traveled with Moses. The Green Dome, traditional site of the tomb of Muhammad, was painted green on the order of Sultan Abdul Hamid II (r. 1876–1909). Islamic flags Green flags were adopted by Shi'ites in the early Islamic period, although the most common Shi'a color was white, in symbolic opposition to Abbasid black. Thus in 817, when the Abbasid caliph al-Ma'mun adopted the Alid Ali al-Ridha a his heir-apparent, he also changed the dynastic color from black to green. The change was reverted al-Ma'mun had Ali killed, and returned to Baghdad in 819. Today, green is also used in several national flags as a symbol of Islam. These include: Algeria, Azerbaijan, Comoros, Iran, Mauritania, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, and Tajikistan. Some Arab countries also use pan-Arab colors, which include green. These include: Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Sudan, Syria, and the United Arab Emirates, as well as several contested states including Palestine, Somaliland, and Western Sahara. Libya formerly also followed this principle, featuring green as its only component color (at the time the only flag in the world to use only one color) until 2011. There are also several flags of Muslim-majority countries featuring green color that does not symbolize Islam. Examples include Bangladesh, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, and Senegal (in the latter four cases, the green color is a component of the pan-African colors, which are also adopted by even Christian-majority countries such as Malawi and South Sudan). Green is a common color used by Islamist political parties. See also Shades of green Islamic flags List of Shia Muslims flags Symbols of Islam Pan-Arab colors References Bibliography Abdul-Matin, Ibrahim. “Green Deen: What Islam Teaches about Protecting the Planet.” Green Deen: What Islam Teaches about Protecting the Planet, Kube Publishing, 2012. Islamic symbols Color in religion

20067505

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lower%20North%20East%20Road

Lower North East Road

Lower North East Road (and its southwestern sections as North Terrace and Payneham Road) is an arterial road in the northeastern suburbs of Adelaide, South Australia. It links the north-eastern corner of Adelaide to Houghton in the Adelaide Hills, and is an urban alternative to North East Road. Route North Terrace starts on the eastern side of the City Ring Route in central Adelaide and heads east until the intersection with Fullarton and Magill Roads, where it becomes Payneham Road and continues northeast though Adelaide's eastern suburbs, crossing Portrush Road, until the intersection with Glynburn and Montacute Roads Road at Glynde, South Australia, where it continues northeast as Lower North East Road to Hope Valley, where it meets the eastern terminus of Grand Junction Road. It continues up a ridge of the Adelaide Hills through Houghton to eventually end at North East Road. Payneham and Lower North East Roads are initially on the south side of the River Torrens, mirrored by North East Road on its northern side. Major intersections See also References Roads in Adelaide

50141408

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shannon%20Ashlyn

Shannon Ashlyn

Shannon Ashlyn (born 20 February 1986) is a film and television actress, writer and director, known for her roles in the Australian horror film Wolf Creek 2, the Australian television series Love Child and the film Zelos. In 2018, she completed a Masters of Directing at the Australian Film Television and Radio School in Sydney, Australia. Sweet Tooth is her graduating film. Filmography Film Television References External links Twitter Australian film actresses 1986 births Australian television actresses Living people

6534519

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San%20Vito%20di%20Leguzzano

San Vito di Leguzzano

San Vito di Leguzzano is a town in the province of Vicenza, Veneto, Italy. It is west of SP46 road. Sights include the parish church of Sts. Vitus, Modestus and Crescentia and the 16th century church of St. Valentino. References External links (Google Maps) Cities and towns in Veneto

41232014

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapi%C3%B1os%20de%20Occidente

Rapiños de Occidente

The Rapiños de Occidente (Western Raptors) was a Venezuelan baseball club that played from 1957 through 1963 in the Liga Occidental de Béisbol Profesional (Western Professional Baseball League). They played their home games at the old olympic stadium based in Maracaibo, Zulia. Team history The Rapiños (rah-pee'nyoz) were the most successful team during the 10 years of existence of the league, while collecting a total of five titles during their six seasons in the circuit. The team entered the league in the 1957–1958 tournament as a replacement for the departed Gavilanes de Maracaibo. Managed by Ira Hutchinson, the Rapiños won their first pennant in their league debut. Following an agreement between the Venezuelan Professional Baseball League and the LOBP, the interleague playoff games would be played immediately following the end of their respective 1957–1958 seasons. As a result, the winning team would represent Venezuela in the 1958 Caribbean Series. Then, the Rapiños were swept by the Industriales de Valencia, 4–0, in the best-of-seven series. After that, the Rapiños won three consecutive pennants to set a record of four titles in a row in Venezuelan baseball history. In the same way, catcher/manager Les Moss posted a managing record with his three consecutive titles. Both records still remain intact. The Rapiños failed again in the 1958–1959 playoffs series, losing to the Indios de Oriente in the maximum of seven games. A new opportunity arose when the 1959–1960 Venezuelan Professional Baseball League season was suspended due to a players' strike, and the Rapiños were invited to participate in the 1960 Caribbean Series. The team ended in last place with a 1-5 record, while their only victory came at expense of the Puerto Rico team. The team clinched their fourth pennant in the 1960–1961 season, but the beginning of the end came when the 1961–1962 was cancelled. After that, the league resumed operations in 1962–1963, while the Rapiños claimed their fifth pennant, but the average attendance was less than half what it was in previous years. Finally, the LOBP folded on December 3, 1963, due to economic pressure and internal conflicts, just one month later after starting the 1963–1964 season. The Rapiños faded with the league, standing in last place with a record of 6-13, when the four team circuit disbanded. Regular season team records Notable players Fritz Ackley Teolindo Acosta Luis Aparicio Bob Aspromonte Ken Berry Ted Bowsfield Angel Bravo Don Buford Johnny Callison Cam Carreon Norm Cash Glenn Cox Jerry Dahlke Dutch Dotterer Tom Flanigan Luis ″Camaleón″ García Pat Gillick Sam Hairston Ed Hobaugh Dave Hoskins Stan Johnson Deacon Jones Lewis Joyce Julián Ladera Barry Latman Jim McAnany J. C. Martin Joe Morgan Les Moss Billy Muffett Gary Peters Taylor Phillips Larry Raines Ed Rakow Mike Roarke Floyd Robinson Fred Talbot Bobby Winkles Corky Withrow See also Rapiños de Occidente players Sources Gutiérrez, Daniel; Alvarez, Efraim; Gutiérrez (h), Daniel (2006). La Enciclopedia del Béisbol en Venezuela. LVBP, Caracas. External links Historia de la Liga Venezolana de Béisbol Profesional (Spanish) La Historia del Béisbol en el Zulia: 1953-1954 – 1999-2000 (Spanish) XII Serie del Caribe (1960) (Spanish) 1957 establishments in Venezuela Defunct baseball teams in Venezuela Liga Occidental de Béisbol Profesional Sport in Maracaibo Baseball teams established in 1957

63083882

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sylvio%20Carvalho

Sylvio Carvalho

Sylvio Carvalho (born 1 April 1956) is a Brazilian sports shooter. He competed at the 1980 Summer Olympics and the 1984 Summer Olympics. References 1956 births Living people Brazilian male sport shooters Olympic shooters for Brazil Shooters at the 1980 Summer Olympics Shooters at the 1984 Summer Olympics Sportspeople from Rio de Janeiro (city) Shooters at the 1979 Pan American Games Pan American Games silver medalists for Brazil Medalists at the 1979 Pan American Games Pan American Games medalists in shooting

43376259

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad%20Shah%20Rukh

Muhammad Shah Rukh

Shazada Muhammad Shah-Rukh (2 October 1926 – 6 September 2015) was a Pakistani field hockey player and cyclist. He competed in the field hockey event at the 1948 Summer Olympics and in four cycling events at the 1956 Summer Olympics. References External links 1926 births 2015 deaths Pakistani male field hockey players Pakistani male cyclists Field hockey players at the 1948 Summer Olympics Olympic field hockey players for Pakistan Olympic cyclists for Pakistan Cyclists at the 1956 Summer Olympics Cyclists from Lahore Asian Games medalists in cycling Cyclists at the 1958 Asian Games Medalists at the 1958 Asian Games Asian Games silver medalists for Pakistan Asian Games bronze medalists for Pakistan Commonwealth Games competitors for Pakistan Cyclists at the 1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games Field hockey players from Lahore 20th-century Pakistani people

41916556

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norbert%20Farkas%20%28alpine%20skier%29

Norbert Farkas (alpine skier)

Norbert Farkas (born 7 April 1992 in Budapest) is an alpine skier from Hungary. He competed for Hungary at the 2014 Winter Olympics in the slalom and giant slalom. He is 11-time Hungarian National Champion, 28-time Hungarian National Junior Champion. A team member of Felix Promotion sport-management agency. He learned to ski at the age of three. He has been studying International Business at Budapest University of Technology and Economics and was granted "A Good Student, a Good Athlete" award in 2013. Coaches are: Armin Brunner, Budai Balázs and Zakariás Zsolt. His role model is Felix Neureuther. FIS World Ski Championship participation Competitive History (Notable results) 2007/2008 Hungarian University Race, giant slalom: 47th place (the best Hungarian) FIS points at the end of the season: 93.30 point in Slalom – (5th best Hungarian) 93.95 point in giant slalom (2nd best Hungarian) 115.21 point in Super Giant slalom (2nd best Hungarian) 2008/2009 FIS Junior World Ski Championship (Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Slalom: 53rd place, 2nd place in Junior I. category European Youth Olympic Festival (Szczyrk), Slalom: 34th place (the best Hungarian) FIS World Ski Championship (Val d’Isére): qualification races Hungarian University Race, giant slalom : 41st place (2nd best Hungarian) FIS points at the end of the season: 76.79 point in Slalom (4th best Hungarian) 79.65 point in giant slalom (3rd best Hungarian) 123.60 point in Super Giant slalom (3rd best Hungarian) 2009/2010 Member of the Hungarian Qualification Team for XXI. Winter Olympic Games (Vancouver) FIS Junior World Ski Championship, Slalom: 41st place (the best Hungarian) Hungarian National Championship, giant slalom: 2 gold medals Hungarian University Race, giant slalom: 33rd place (the best Hungarian) FIS points at the end of the season: 62.01 point in Slalom (3rd best Hungarian) 74.20 point in giant slalom (the best Hungarian) 88.68 point in Super Giant slalom (the best Hungarian) 2010/2011 FIS Junior World Ski Championship (Crans Montana), giant slalom: 63rd place (the best Hungarian) FIS World Championship (Garmisch-Partenkirchen), giant slalom: qualified as 39th (the best Hungarian); race place: 63rd Hungarian National Championship, Slalom: gold and silver medals FIS points at the end of the season: 59.92 point in Slalom (the best Hungarian) 66.19 point in giant slalom (the best Hungarian) 99.75 point in Super Giant slalom (the best Hungarian) 125.83 point in Super Combination (the best Hungarian) 2011/2012 FIS World Cup (Schladming) Serbian International Competition (FIS Race ), giant slalom: 2nd place Hungarian National Championship: 1st in giant slalom, Slalom and Combination FIS points at the end of the season: 52.32 point in Slalom (the best Hungarian) 61.78 point in giant slalom (the best Hungarian) 97.75 point in Super Giant slalom (the best Hungarian) 2012/2013 Hungarian National Championship, Slalom: 1st place Hungarian National Championship, giant slalom: 1st place Junior Hungarian Championship, Slalom: 1st place Junior Hungarian Championship, giant slalom: 1st place FIS points at the end of the season: 44.74 point in Slalom 49.72 point in giant slalom 112.22 point in Super Giant slalom XXII Olympic Winter Games (Sochi) Norbert Farkas represented Hungary on men's alpine skiing events (slalom and giant slalom) at the XXII Olympic Winter Games in Sochi. Giant slalom BIB: 79 Run 1 rank: 55 Run 2 rank: 50 Final Rank: 50 Slalom BIB: 94 Run 1 rank: 58 Run 2 rank: DNF References Sources Felix Promotion Athlete Profile FIS International Ski Fedatation Athlete Profile(biography, results and points) Hungarian Ski Association External links Official Facebook Page (Hungarian) HAVAZIN Interview on 27 January 2014 (Youtube) (Hungarian) Article on Hungarian Wikipedia Sochi2014 Profile 1992 births Living people Hungarian male alpine skiers Olympic alpine skiers for Hungary Alpine skiers at the 2014 Winter Olympics Skiers from Budapest

73798546

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worcestershire%20County%20Cricket%20Club%20Open

Worcestershire County Cricket Club Open

The Worcestershire County Cricket Club Open or Worcestershire CCC Open was a late 19th century men's and women's grass court tennis tournament played at the Worcestershire County Cricket Club, Boughton Cricket Ground, Worcester, Worcestershire, England.. The tournament was staged in May 1884. History In mid Victorian era Boughton was closely identified with the beginnings of Worcestershire county cricket. In 1865 the County Cricket Club was formed by Lord Lyttleton. In August 1884 a Worcester Cricket Club Open Lawn Tennis Tournament was first staged at the Worcestershire County Cricket Club, Boughton Cricket Ground, Worcester, Worcestershire, England. Finals Mens Singles Men's doubles (Incomplete roll) Mixed doubles (Incomplete roll) References Grass court tennis tournaments Defunct tennis tournaments in the United Kingdom

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/12th%20Chief%20Directorate

12th Chief Directorate

The 12th Chief (or "Main") Directorate of the Ministry of Defense (12 GU MO) of the former Soviet Union and of the Russian Federation after 1991 () is a department within the Russian (ex-Soviet) Ministry of Defense. It is responsible for the safe-keeping, technical maintenance, transportation, delivery, issuance, disposal, etc. of the nuclear arsenal of the state, as well as the testing of nuclear charges, which includes ensuring ecological safety of such tests and the maintenance of Soviet/Russian testing grounds, known in Russian as "polygons" – in Semipalatinsk (Semipalatinsk Test Site, now Kazakhstan) and on Novaya Zemlya Archipelago. Unlike the GRU (Chief Directorate of Intelligence), the 12th GU MO is not a chief directorate of the General Staff, but a chief directorate of the Ministry of Defense. As such it is not subordinated to the Chief of the General Staff of the Soviet/Russian Armed Forces, but directly to the Minister of Defense, which makes it higher in status compared to the GRU. The position of the Chief of the 12th GU MO is equal to that of the commander of a military district, and supposed to be occupied by a 4-star General or by a Marshal of Artillery. However, in practice, out of seven chiefs of this Organization, only one (E.V. Boichuk) has held such a high rank – the other six were only three-star Generals. Officers Officers, or cadres, for the 12th GU MO are supplied mainly by a special nuclear weapons faculty of the Peter the Great Military Academy of the Strategic Missile Forces situated in Serpukhov, near Moscow, and by a special faculty of the Dzerzhinsky Military Academy. The 12th GU MO maintains its own training facility for commissioned officers and for warrant-officers at Sharapovo village, near the city of Sergiev Posad, where commissioned officers possessing other military specialties are educated in nuclear arsenal maintenance skills in 6-month-long courses. Non-essential specialists (those commissioned and non-commissioned officers and soldiers who perform general tasks unrelated to nuclear weapons) could be supplied by other military colleges and academies, but these people can not obtain positions in the 12th GU MO or in either of its subordinated units unless they (as well as their family) could get a special security clearance. In the USSR only members of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union could be appointed to serve in the 12th GU MO or in any of its subordinated units, including its Special Control Service (even young conscripts who served there only two years without actually knowing anything about nuclear weapons must obtain special security clearance and must necessarily be members of the Communist Union of Youth, a.k.a. "Komsomol"). Structure and tasks In its main part the 12th GU MO consists of the headquarters, or the "directorate of the Chief of the 12 Chief Directorate", located in central Moscow – Znamenskiy Pereulok 19, unit number 31600. There was also a central archive, popularly known as "the nuclear registrar," where any and every piece of the Soviet or Russian nuclear munitions is registered. Besides, it consists of a network of nuclear arsenal bases both central and "dedicated" where nuclear warheads/munitions are actually being kept. These bases are called "Special-Technical Formations", but their whole is called "Special Troops of Supreme Command Reserve". Each base is typically the size of a regiment, sometimes the size of a brigade, but it is usually commanded by a major-general or sometimes by a rear admiral rather than by a colonel because their importance and elevated status makes them technically equal to that of a regular infantry or other division. Many of commanding officers serving at its Moscow headquarters bear general's and admiral's ranks, since almost all of them are being promoted from among remote arsenal base commanders. That is why percentage of generals and admirals among commissioned officers in the 12th GU MO is considerably higher than in any other military organization of the Russian Army or the Russian Navy. Such nuclear arsenal bases are usually located far enough from big cities (at least 50 kilometres), but close enough to the military units that would use these nuclear warheads in case of war (primarily it is Intercontinental Ballistic Missile batteries, but also missile batteries with shorter range, theatre and tactical missile units, navy and aviation units armed with nuclear weapons, units of military saboteurs and engineers that were supposed to use portable nuclear munitions, anti-aircraft and anti-ballistic missile defences that use nuclear-tipped missiles, etc.). So the main purpose of the 12th Chief Directorate's existence is to securely separate "end-users" of nuclear weapons from their actual nuclear weapons during times of peace. Only in case of real necessity those who are supposed to have nuclear weapons would get them and it could only happen when authorized by the top political leadership. Presently only some small number of nuclear warheads are always issued to end-users, such as warheads attached to ballistic missiles currently at service, but most of the Russian nuclear arsenal is being securely kept by the 12th Chief Directorate units and could only be issued to others in case of emergency. Moreover, this organization is tasked to collect currently issued nuclear warheads back from their end-users for a reason of replacement or upgrading, and to conduct technical maintenance on nuclear weapons currently issued to end-users at their territories. For this reason each military unit that armed with nuclear warheads currently in service also has some permanently attached representatives of the 12th GU MO nearest arsenal bases whose main duty is to supervise prescribed handling and to conduct required technical maintenance of these issued nuclear warheads. The 12th GU MO nuclear arsenal bases' staff is additionally trained for being able to attach nuclear warheads to their carriers, ballistic and other missiles, to strategic bombers and to other kind of aircraft, a task which usually assigned to special units of end-users. Such additional training is conducted for a reason that 12th GU MO specialists could replace specialists of the end-users in this capacity in case of emergency. Another task of the 12th GU MO is to prevent so-called "nuclear terrorism," but this is a relatively modern task, which did not exist formerly. Besides these nuclear arsenal bases, the 12th Chief Directorate maintains several nuclear weapons research institutes in Moscow and in Sergiev Posad, near Moscow, with their subsidiaries located at nuclear testing grounds in Semipalatinsk-21 and on Novaya Zemlya Archipelago, and in several other cities (Saint Petersburg, for example). It also maintains a separate research institute tasked with developing nuclear explosions detection technology. Another function of the 12th GU MO is to serve as a link between the Armed Forces and those branches of Soviet/Russian industry and science related to nuclear weapons developing and manufacturing. It is actually the 12th Chief Directorate that develops detailed plans for required nuclear armament and its improvements and places orders for nuclear weapons production before civilian manufacturers. Secrecy The 12th GU MO is probably the most secretive organization of the Soviet/Russian Armed Forces, even more than the GRU or the Strategic Rocket Forces. Even though today Russia has become more open and even some articles appear in its mass-media openly describing the "Nuclear Technical Service" Directorate, this organization remains off-limits. However, during Soviet times the most of commissioned officers, even though highly educated ones, had little or no knowledge that the 12th Chief Directorate existed. In the Soviet times it was considered taboo to talk about it outside of secured premises. When talking to strangers, even to other commissioned officers of the Armed Forces, one could only refer to their unit by its coded number. For example, you could say that "I serve as a tank platoon commander at the military unit 31600," but nothing more than that. Most of officials of the 12th GU MO headquarters wear gunnery uniforms and bear military ranks typical to artillery, since this organization is considered being primarily an "arsenal." However, when it comes to its personnel serving in its remote nuclear arsenal bases, it could wear various military uniforms, ranging from aviation and navy to even tank-crews and marines, because it is a long-time policy of the 12th GU MO to disguise its remote units. All service personnel of the 12th GU MO are explicitly forbidden to reveal to anyone, even to their spouses, that they serve in the Nuclear Technical Service, in the 12th Chief Directorate, or that they have anything to do with nuclear weapons. Moreover, a majority of non-essential staff of nuclear arsenal bases do not know that they actually maintain nuclear weapons. Every unit of this organization has its own cover story based on its location and its currently worn uniform and all its personnel must strictly adhere to this story when dealing with strangers. Some bases also use "civilian legends." For example, nuclear arsenal base unit number 62047 in Krasnokamianka, Kizil-Tash, Crimea, was masquerading as a "wine-making enterprise". Active disinformation measures to this effect are meticulously planned and are regularly conducted not only in order to create a wrong impression among local population and neighbouring military units, but even to misinform conscripts and other unrelated staff serving at actual arsenal bases. For example, tanks and artillery pieces that are maintained as a part of the cover story could be seen by neighbours on daily "routine" exercises in corresponding bogus "tank" or "artillery" regiments. In order to minimize spreading of information about these bases, their commissioned staff was encouraged to serve at one location for as long as possible and not to seek promotions outside their bases (while it was typical for Soviet military in general to move officers every 3–5 years to various places and to promote them exclusively outside of their former military units). Nuclear arsenal base structure Each nuclear arsenal base typically consists of the following main services and units: Command (that includes the formation's commander and his deputies, chief engineer, chief of staff, chief of political department with their staff, cadres, financial departments, and other administration). Engineering-Technical Service or ETS (Russian abbreviation "ITS") – the most important service of the arsenal that actually handles nuclear weapons and deals with end-users. It is subdivided into several departments, bearing names such as "2nd department", "3rd department", "3rd A department", "3rd B department", and similar. Each department deals with specific kinds of nuclear munitions and with specific "customers." A separate guards battalion which is similar to an ordinary infantry battalion, but much better trained and equipped. Automobile transport base. Rail-way transport base. Helicopters and related staff. Tanks and their maintenance base. Artillery pieces. Signal office centre and various communication units – stationary and mobile ones – all equipped with various automatic communication encrypting systems. Separate engineering-technical company (sappers). Cryptographic ("8th") department. Military counter-intelligence department. Military prosecutor. Military hospital. Military fire-fighters command. School for children. Detachment of the "Voentorg" – an organization running various shops and supermarkets within the military and organizing needed supplies. Various services concerned with living quarters and other premises maintenance. Nuclear arsenal bases functioning and training The main arsenal service, its ETS, and all attached to it transportation and communication detachments, guards, and sappers are subdivided into several so-called Special Tactical Groups (STGs). These were highly mobile units trained to deliver nuclear warheads to designated end-users in various circumstances, including those during ongoing battles and even during unfolding nuclear war. These STGs are mostly based on various automobile transport, but also on rail-way transport, and sometimes, on helicopter transport. Even those auxiliary tanks that are designed to serve as a cover for the arsenal base could be used to reinforce these STGs on their full march. The 12th Chief Directorate maintains its own secure communication system, independent of others, that links its peace-time and war-time headquarters with all its bases and with other subordinated units. Additional local communication systems of each arsenal base securely link its main command post with its multiple mobile STGs. The main communication system of the 12th GU MO has its own unique coded commands that could be used to instantly transmit orders to elevate readiness and to begin loading, delivering, and issuing nuclear warheads and other nuclear munitions to their end-users. Such commands must be transmitted via at least three different communication channels simultaneously to guarantee their delivery. Delivery of such commands must be practiced at least once a day. More extended exercises that include execution of alerts of a "higher readiness" and "combat readiness," with actual loading of warheads into transport and dispatching the STGs towards the end-users, must be conducted at least several times per year. All nuclear arsenal bases are linked by their own railways to the vast Russian railway system (nuclear warheads/munitions are being moved from production plants to the 12th Chief Directorate units and between these units usually by railway). History The 12th Chief Directorate was formerly known as the "Special Department of the General Staff", and later – as the "6th Directorate of the Ministry of Defense". It has been created on September 4, 1947, based on "KB-11" (in Russian: "КБ-11" - "Design Buhhkkvccreau 11", also known in Russia as off-limits town "Arzamas-16", later "Sarov"); its first chief was Major-General-Engineer (later – full General) . The first curator of this organization was Lavrentiy Beria, then chief of the Soviet NKVD. It is widely believed until today that if not for Beria's personal efforts, neither the Nuclear Technical Service, nor actual nuclear weapons would ever be created in the Soviet Union. In fact, it was Beria who spearheaded the campaign for creating the USSR's own nuclear weapons program and who contributed to it, including supplying some nuclear technology stolen by his intelligence service from the United States researchers. For this reason, Beria is considered to the god-father of this organization. Even though for the rest of the Soviet Union Beria was declared an "enemy of the people", relegated to "unperson" status and excluded from the 30-volumed Great Soviet Encyclopedia, he remains a highly revered figure within the off-limits structure of the 12th GU MO, and especially within its scientific research institutions. Beria's portraits and statues are still maintained in some premises and flowers are laid to his statures on his birthdays and on some other occasions. Even in the post-Soviet times when the entire communist past was declared criminal, the alleged "top of the top communist criminal" Lavrentiy Beria continued to enjoy similar reverence among nuclear weapons specialists. For example, the 6-volumes collective work named "Nuclear Testing in the USSR" published few years after the USSR disappearance still features seditious Beria's portrait first in this book, before any other photos. The 12th Chief Directorate in its current capacity was formed in February 1959. Three years later the Organization managed to effectively and secretly delivered numerous combat-ready nuclear warheads of six different types to Cuba during an infamous strategic Operation Anadyr, a move that resulted in the most dangerous nuclear stand-off between the United States and the Soviet Union. On the next stage of its development the Nuclear Technical Service was headed by General . The next and the most well-known chief was Marshal of Artillery , who held this position from February 1974 until November 1985 and was credited with transforming the organization into the most effective nuclear weapons protection, delivery, and maintenance system. During his command the 12th GU MO lost its initial "warehouse image" and became a real effective branch of the Soviet Armed Forces, in some respects surpassing by its effectiveness of well-known Soviet special purpose forces such as "Spetsnaz" and the "VDV" (Russian Airborne Troops). The last chief of this organization during the Soviet Union was General Vladimir Gerasimov. As of 1989 there were the following numbers of tactical nuclear weapons spread across the USSR: Russian Federation — 12320 Ukraine — 2345 Belorussia — 1180 Kazakhstan — 330 Lithuania — 325 Latvia — 185 Turkmenistan — 125 Uzbekistan — 105 Moldavia — 90 Georgia — 320 Estonia — 270 Armenia — 200 Tajikistan — 75 Azerbaijan — 75 Kyrgyzstan — 75 The 12th Chief Directorate was re-created as a part of Russian Armed Forces on September 2, 1993, by a special order No.68 of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation. The first post-soviet chief of the 12th GU MO was General . In September 1997 he was replaced by General . Valynkin was succeeded in December 2005 by . Special Control Service There is a smaller autonomous organization within the main 12th GU MO structure – the Special Control Service (SSK, Russian: Служба Специального Контрола) of the Defense Ministry, Military Unit Number 46179, "atomic intelligence," or "nuclear intelligence" of the former Soviet Union. The Special Control Service is tasked with gathering intelligence on nuclear weapons and particularly on nuclear testing of various adversaries of the former USSR by all means – ranging from six technical control methods to analyzing radio-intercepts and periodicals. "On March 4, 1954, the Service for Special Monitoring of Nuclear Weapons Tests of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the USSR was established. In 1957, it was included in the 6th Directorate of the USSR Ministry of Defense. [I]n the 6th Directorate of the USSR Ministry of Defense, two departments were created: scientific and technical and operational and technical, and for the collection and processing of data - the Scientific Computing and Processing Center. Information with primary data on nuclear explosions came to the NVOC from nine laboratories established in 1954–1959. Subsequently, the control network was significantly expanded. On May 13, 1958, in accordance with the Decree of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR, the Nuclear Explosions Control Service of the USSR Ministry of Defense (since 1960 - SSK of the USSR Ministry of Defense) was created to solve the whole complex of issues of control over nuclear explosions, to which the corresponding departments were transferred to the 6th Directorate of the USSR Ministry of Defense. This day is considered the founding date of the SSC." The Special Control Service was not a part of the 12th GU MO from very beginning, but was formerly a part of the GRU, its 6th Directorate's department of special observation. In 1958 it was made an independent Special Observation Service of the Defence Ministry. Then it was renamed and re-subordinated first to the Directorate of the Commander of the Chemical Troops of the USSR (the Soviet Armed Forces's Nuclear, Biological, Chemical service), and then again re-subordinated to the 12th GU MO. The Special Control Service has its own network of military units, named "detection laboratories", each headed by a Colonel, which are situated in many spots inside and outside of the Soviet Union and are all linked to the Service headquarters and to its computation centres by its own secure communication network which is totally independent from the communication network of the 12th GU MO itself. To mark the 60th anniversary of the Special Control Service, in May 2018, the Ministry of Defence released a video recounting the tasks of the service. Apart from nuclear explosion monitoring for the Russian Government itself, the SCS also coordinates activities by the Russian Federal Government and the Academy of Sciences to carry out Russian obligations to implement the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty. In an interview with TASS to mark the 75th anniversary of the 12th Chief Directorate, General Lieutenant (two-star) Igor Kolesnikov, head of the Directorate, said that staff of the Special Control Service "..take part in the implementation of the International Monitoring System (IMS) project, but are also regularly involved in activities as part of the working groups of the Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization when discussing the creation of IMS facilities, the development and improvement of operational manuals, and the training of ..personnel." Structure of the 12th GU MO The 12th Chief Directorate consists of: Directorate of the Chief of the 12th Chief Directorate of the Ministry of Defense – Moscow, Znamenskiy pereulok 19, v/ch 31600. Here is also situated the main archive of the Directorate. Military Unit Number (v/ch) 65361 Directorate of State Inspection of Nuclear and Radiological Security – Moscow. Military Unit Number (v/ch) 20601 Inspection of Nuclear Security of Atomic devices – Moscow. Nuclear Security Maintenance Center – Moscow, B.Znamenskiy pereulok, 15 bld. 1. Military Unit Number (v/ch) 77510 6th State Central Polygon [testing ground] (Object 700) – Archangelsk-55 p. Belushia Guba (Novaya Zemlia island), created in 1955. v/ch 10569 security testing battalion created in 1954. v/ch 39096 security testing battalion created in 1954. v/ch 39092 Logistics Base (logistics-technical maintenance) – Severodvinsk v/ch 40800 Auto transport Base v/ch 09607 v/ch 10944 v/ch 52605 2nd GNIP OL (maintenance unit for nuclear testing ground, known as "polygon") – Semipalatinsk-21, Kurchatov city (Jana-Semei train station); created in 1948 in Zvenigorod, near Moscow, disbanded in 1994. 217th engineering construction battalion 497th separate communication battalion (cable) v/ch 32130 US - Mojaisk-3 v/ch 2585 – Nuclear Waste Burial Center – Tula-50 http://tula50.narod.ru/ v/ch 51105 12th CNII (CFTI) Central Physic-Technical Institute Sergiev Posad-7 p. Ferma (309 v/g) v/ch 31650 NIC [Scientific Research Center] SSK – Moscow Rubcovsko-Dvorcovaya, 2 v/ch 70170 NIC Technical Systems Security [maritime subsidiary of 12th CNII] Sankt-Petersburg, Novoselkovskaya, 39 v/ch 14258 84th UTC (Training Center) interservice – Sergiev Posad, p. Sharapovo (Loza) Logistics Base (construction materials) – Sergiev Posad UTC (training center) anti-sabotage – Sergiev Posad-7 p. Ferma v/ch 32369 1080th CVG (Central Military Hospital) (Sergiev Posad-7 p. Ferma) v/ch 32369 1137th Military Hospital (Sergiev Posad-7) Arsenal VG v/ch 14254, v/ch 65154 Borisoglebsk p. Gribanovskiy (Voronej-45) v/ch 14436 Mojaisk-10 v/ch 14439, v/ch 42621 Olenegorsk-2 p. Ramozero v/ch 33796 Vologda-20 railway station Chebsora v/ch 33927, v/ch 33915 Engels p. Berezovka (Saratov-63) v/ch 33951 Trehgornyi-1 Drujby, 2 http://wikimapia.org/1961194/ru/Трехгорный-1 v/ch 34088 Khabarovsk-47 p. Korfovskiy v/ch 42685 Briansk-18 p. Rjanica v/ch 42615 v/ch 62047 Feodosia-13 p. Krasnokamenka (Simferopol-99) v/ch 33826 Nalchik-20 p. Zvezdnyi v/ch 34037 Graivoron p. Golovchino (Belgorod-22) v/ch 65163 Tula-50 http://tula50.narod.ru/ v/ch 40247 v/ch 32136 – Lesnoy p. Nijniaya Tura (Sverdlovsk-45) v/ch 52328 Sebej-5 p. Sosnovyi Bor www.sebezh5.narod.ru v/ch 65152 Kirovograd-25 p. Alexandrovka https://web.archive.org/web/20090209071745/http://www.kirovograd-25.kr.ua/ v/ch 70170 Sankt-Petersburg (Leningrad)NIC BTC (branch of 12th CNII) v/ch 99795 Priozersk city Leningradskaya oblast NTIC v/ch 21066 Priozersk city Leningradskaya oblast OBOP (separate maintenance battalion) v/ch 01001 Priozersk city Leningradskaya oblast ODVK v/ch 52690 Moscow v/ch 49719 p. Gromovo Leningradskaya oblast List of arsenals (in 1990 - over 20, in 2005 - 14) Military Unit Number (v/ch) 01154 Severomorsk (p. Shuk-Ozero) Murmansk Arsenal of Naval Aviation of the Northern Fleet v/ch 12474 Makarov Jitomirskaya oblast Ukraine Arsenal of Strategic Rocket Forces (relocated) v/ch 12529 Arsenal of Moscow Anti-Aircraft Defense District (disbanded) v/ch 14427 Kirovograd-25 p. Alexandrovka object 341 Ukraine 4 Arsenal OBKZ Strategic Rocket Forces – created in 1960 (relocated) https://web.archive.org/web/20090209071745/http://www.kirovograd-25.kr.ua/ v/ch 14428 Tula-50 Tula Arsenal of Strategic Rocket Forces (disbanded in 1999) v/ch 19089 Tver city - Tver Arsenal of Strategic Rocket Forces v/ch 22931 Ostrovnoy + Zaozersk - Murmansk Arsenal of the Northern Fleet v/ch 22972 Kolomna p. Belushia Guba (Novaya Zemlia Island) UC VMF (Navy training center), disbanded in 1998. v/ch 25026 Liepaia (Laboratorias street), p. Paplaka, Latvia (disbanded) v/ch 25595 Nalchik-20 p. Zvezdnyi, KBAR – Arsenal (disbanded) v/ch 25623 Engels p. Berezovka v/g 12/63 Krasnoarmeiskoe (Saratov-63) object 1050 Saratov Arsenal of Strategic Rocket Forces - 2003 v/ch 25624 Graivoron p. Golovino (Belgorod-22) – Belgorod Arsenal of Air Force v/ch 25625 Khabarovsk-47 p. Korfovskiy – Khabarovsk Arsenal of Strategic Rocket Forces v/ch 25850 Balezino-3 Udmurtskaya Oblast – 29th Arsenal of Strategic Rocket Forces v/ch 26219 Kirov p. Shaikovka – Kaluga Arsenal of Long-Range Aviation v/ch 26942 Viliuchinsk p. Primorskiy – Kamchatka Arsenal of the Pacific Fleet v/ch 31759 Cheliabinsk-115 p. Karabash – Cheliabinsk Arsenal (disbanded) v/ch 32181 Vologda-20 railway station Chebosara – Vologda Arsenal of Strategic Rocket Forces v/ch 32948 Arsenal (disbanded) v/ch 39995 Irkutsk-45 p. Zalari v/g 12/45 railway station Golovinskaya – Irkutsk Arsenal of Strategic Rocket Forces (created in 1996) v/ch 40247 Lesnoy p. Nijniaya Tura (Sverdlovsk-45) Object 917 – Sverdlovsk Arsenal of Strategic Rocket Forces v/ch 41013 Trehgornyi-1 (Zlatoust-30) Object 936 – Cheliabinsk Arsenal v/ch 41065 Svobodnyi-21 p. Orlinyi – Amur Arsenal of Strategic Rocket Forces (disbanded in 1996) http://www.svobodniy-21.narod.ru/ v/ch 42615 Feodosia-13 p. Krasnokamenka (Kyzyl-Tash) Ukrainian Arsenal of the Black See Fleet (disbanded) v/ch 23476 Smolenskaya Oblast, Pochinkovskiy Rayon. v/ch 42616 Ivano-Frankovsk-16 – Ukrainian Arsenal http://frankovsk-16.ru/ v/ch 42635 – Sverdlovsk Arsenal v/ch 42644 Sebej-5 p. Sosnovyi Bor - Pskov Arsenal of the Baltic Fleet (disbanded in 1997) v/ch 42646 Novgorod-17 – Novgorod Arsenal v/ch 42654 Gomel-30 – Belorussian Arsenal of Strategic Rocket Forces v/ch 42685 Briansk-18 p. Rjanica – Briansk Arsenal of Anti-Aircraft Defense /Arsenal of Air Force / v/ch 51966 Jeleznogorsk p. Dodonovo (Krasnoyarsk-26) Object 980 - Krasnoyarsk Arsenal of Strategic Rocket Forces (created in 1954) v/ch 51989 Ivano-Frankovsk - Ukrainian Arsenal of Strategic Rocket Forces v/ch 52025 Mojaisk-10 Mira – Moscow Arsenal of Anti-Aircraft Defense v/ch 62834 Olenegorsk – Murmansk Arsenal v/ch 75414 Anadyr-1 p. Gudym (Magadan-11) – Chukotka Arsenal of Long-Range Aviation (disbanded in 1979) 2008 photos of this object could be seen here: https://web.archive.org/web/20090129172225/http://vladdig.org/gudim.htm v/ch 75417 Karmelava, Lituania – Arsenal of Strategic Rocket Forces v/ch 77417 Kolomna, Krasnoarmeiskaya, 100 - UC VMF (Training Center of the Navy) v/ch 81388 Shkotovo-22 p. Dunai – Primorsk. Arsenal of the Pacific Fleet v/ch 90534 Niandoma v/g Kargopol-2 – Archangelsk Arsenal of Strategic Rocket Forces (disbanded) http://www.kargopol-2.narod.ru v/ch 95131 Ostrov-2 – Pskov Arsenal of Naval Aviation of the Baltic Fleet (disbanded in 1992) Svobodnyi-21 p. Orlinyi v/g 16 – Amur Arsenal of Air Force (disbanded in 1996) http://www.svobodniy-21.narod.ru/ Object 713 – Arsenal Borovec, Bulgaria – Bulg. Arsenal (disbanded in 1989) Borisoglebsk p. Gribanovskiy v/g 308 (Voronej-45) - Voronej Arsenal of Air Force Stepnogorsk p. Adjibay Object 138 – Kazakh. Arsenal of Strategic Rocket Forces (disbanded) Bagrationovsk – Kaliningradsk. Arsenal of the Baltic Fleet Olenegorsk-8 p. Vysokiy – Murmansk Arsenal (created in 1984) Kurskaya railway station – Stavropol Arsenal of Long-Range Aviation (created in 1957, disbanded in.1992) Surgut - Tumen Arsenal Balaklava Object 820 – Ukrainian Arsenal Ukrainian Arsenal – Jitomirskaya Oblast Ukrainian Arsenal – Volynskaya Ukrainian Arsenal – Lvovskaya Object 341 – Ukrainian Arsenal KZ Ukrainian Arsenal of Strategic Rocket Forces – Khmelnickaya p. Ak-Burun (Crimean Peninsula) – Ukrainian Arsenal of the Black Sea Fleet (disbanded) Amursk p. Bolon – Khabarovsk Arsenal of the Navy Ust-Katav p. Viazovaya – Cheliabinsk Arsenal Grozny-20 Chechnia – Arsenal of Strategic Rocket Forces (disbanded) Special Control Service 170th Operational-Coordination Center (170th OKC) of the Special Control Service (SSK) of the Ministry of Defense (v/ch 46179) Moscow, Rubcovsko-Dvorcovaya street, 2 (also Matrosskaya Tishina street, 10), created 13.05.1958 as a part of the GRU. Command Post /Reserved Command Post SSK (v/ch 63679) Moscow, Matrosskaya Tishina street, 10 / Sergiev Posad p. Sharapovo – – detached from the main SSK headquarters (v/ch 46179) into a separate operational unit in 1987. Composition: 844th Command Post if the 170th Operational-Coordination Center SSK, Reserve Command Post SSK, 1056th Main and Reserved Signal Office Centres SSK, main and reserved computer centres SSK, and also a radio-transmitting centre, remote seismic post and remote group of universal time in p. Sharapovo (three later formerly belonged to the Podolsk SSK Laboratory) Malin – Ukrainian SSK Laboratory, Jitomirskaya Oblast v/ch 14167 Makarov-1 Ukrainian 12th SSK Laboratory, Kievskaya Oblast v/ch 54286 Maili-Sai – Kirgiz SSK Laboratory; created in 1974 Norilsk – Krasnoyarsk SSK Laboratory p. Khabaz – ASP v/ch 22158 p. Borovoe – Kazakh SSK Laboratory (from 1974) v/ch pp 76515 Ulan-Bataar – Mongolian SSK Laboratory (Expeditionary Group) (from 1974; disbanded) v/ch 86665 Bilibino, Chukotka v/ch 14024 Kamenets-Podolski-16; from 1994 till 2004 – Ukrainian SSK Laboratory, from 2004 - PN, Khmelnitskaya Oblast v/ch 14053 Semipalatinsk – Kazakh 9th SSK Laboratory v/ch ... ... Aktubinsk – Kazakh separate SSK group v/ch 13987 railway station Stolbovaya, Moscow Oblast – Podolsk SSK Laboratory v/ch 14169 Balta, Odessa Oblast – Ukrainian SSK Laboratory (SSK Training Center) v/ch 26154 Priozersk – SPb SSK Laboratory v/ch 29475 p. Urgal-2 (BAM region) – Khabarovsk SSK Laboratory v/ch 30030 Lensk p. Peleduy – Yakutsk SSK Laboratory v/ch 41007 Ussuriysk p. Grigorievka, Lermontova 33 – Primorsk. SSK Laboratory v/ch 41056 Kirov p. Bakhta + p. Khaibulino (Bashk.) – Kirov SSK Laboratory (created in 1954) v/ch 41094 Yujno-Sakhalinsk-5 p. Sputnik-2 – Sakhalinsk. 3rd SSK Laboratory (created in 1954) v/ch 41097 P-K p. Rodygino – Kamchatka SSK Laboratory + remote seismic post "Nachiki" in p. Tundrovyi v/ch pp 42626 Sukhumi p. Nijniaya Eshera + p. Kheivani – 24th Abkhazian SSK Laboratory (created in 2000 as v/ch 96211) v/ch 77031 Zarinsk p. Zalesovo – Altay SSK Laboratory v/ch 96211 Dubna p. Alexandrovka, NCD (created in 1988) v/ch 31650 Moscow Rubcovsko-Dvorcovaya street, 2 – NII SSK (SSK scientific research institute). Removed from the SSK headquarters (v/ch 46179) subordination and re-subordinated directly to the 12th Chief Directorate (v/ch 31600) in 1988. Cuba, Lurdez – autonomous seismic post SSK Antarctica – autonomous seismic post SSK 626 battalion SN v/ch 14118 Sergiev Posad (formerly Zagorsk) p. Abramovo Moscow Oblast v/ch 42635 Sverdlovsk (now Yekaterinburg) v/ch 42663 Suzdal p. Sokol Moscow Oblast v/ch 44806 Gatchina, SPb v/ch 64178 Moscow, Miasnitskaya 3 + Ulanskiy pereulok 11 (Derbenevo) Moscow Oblast v/ch 69273 Snejnogorsk Murmansk Enterprise Arsenals In the former USSR there were 102 Special Objects ("Objects «C»") to keep nuclear munitions: v/ch ..... — Object «С» Krasnogorsk-25 v/ch ..... — Object «С» Vladimir-21 v/ch 14427 — 341 Object «С» Kirovograd-25 v/ch ..... — Object «С» 713 () v/ch 40274 — 917 Object «С» Sverdlovsk-45 (Lesnoy) v/ch ..... — Object «С» 820 Balaklava v/ch 41013 — 943 Object «С» Trehgornyi-1 (Zlatoust-30) (Dalniy) v/ch 51966 — Object «С» 980 Krasnoyarsk-26 (Jeleznogorsk) v/ch ..... — 1050 Object «С» (Saratov Oblast) v/ch ..... — Object «С» Briansk-18 () v/ch 25624 — Object «С» Belgorod-22 () v/ch 25624 v/ch 34037 v/ch 12474 — 332 Object «С» Makarov-1 (Kiev, Jitomir) v/ch ..... — Object «С» Sebej-5 (Sosnovyi Bor) Pskov Oblast v/ch 42644 v/ch 52328 v/ch 62047 — Object «С» Simferopol-32 (Feodosia-13) Kizil-Tash Krasnokamenka v/ch 90534 — Object «С» Kargopol-2 () Niandoma town, Primorsk Rayon, Archangelsk Oblast v/ch 25625 — Object «С» Khabarovsk-47 () Korfovskiy v/ch 25851 v/ch 40852 v/ch 01073 — Object «С» Tula-50 () Arsenievsk Rayon Tula Oblast v/ch ..... — Object «С» Cheliabinsk-115 () Karabash v/ch 14254 — Object «С» Voronej-45 () v/ch 75414 — Object «С» Anadyr-1 (Magadan-11) Gudym v/ch 39995 — Object «С» Irkutsk-45 () railway station Golovinskaya, Zalarinsk Rayon Irkutsk Oblast v/ch ..... — Object «С» Engels-1 () v/ch 52015 — Object «С» Komsomolsk-on-Amur-31 () P.Parim v/ch 62834 — Object «С» Olenegorsk-2 () v/ch 25594 — Object «С» Vologda-20 () Vologda Oblast v/ch 77417 — Object «С» ... v/ch 52605 — Object «С» ... v/ch 42654 — Object «С» ... v/ch 32130 — Object «С» Mojaisk-3 Moscow К-510 125th km of Moscow-Minsk highway () v/ch 27837 — Object «С» Bykhov-1 city Mogilev Oblast, Belarus — Arsenal of Naval Aviation of the Baltic Fleet See also Real photos of disbanded "Object Gudym"-dead link (August 2008) – the closest to the United States territory nuclear arsenal base (Anadyr, Chukotka). References External links 12th GU MO emblem (official site of the Ministry of Defense of Russia) 12th GU MO standard (official site of the Ministry of Defense of Russia) Creator of Nuclear Arsenal (in Russian) General Verkhovtsev Vladimir Nikolaevich – new Chief of the 12th GU MO (biography/photo) About Chief Nuclear Directorate (in Russian) – article by the new Chief of the 12th GU MO Order in nuclear military units (in Russian) – article by the new Chief of the 12th GU MO It is impossible to intrude bases where nuclear weapons are being kept (in Russian) Tactical Nuclear Trump Card (in Russian) National Strategic Intelligence and Control Systems (in Russian) – about the Special Control Service Why Ukraine has so big ears? (in Russian) – about the Special Control Service https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/4234019 - corruption c2021-22 within 12th Chief Directorate Pavel Podvig, Where the weapons are: Nuclear weapons storage facilities in Russia, August 24, 2017 Defence agencies of Russia Military units and formations of Russia Military units and formations of the Soviet Union Nuclear weapons program of the Soviet Union

58551275

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilton%20Park%2C%20Batley

Wilton Park, Batley

Wilton Park is a public park located in Batley, West Yorkshire, England. Opened to the public in 1909 in the grounds of an old mansion (which now serves as the Bagshaw Museum) by the Batley Corporation, the park now serves the whole of the town. The park contains a lake, formal gardens, a large area of natural woodland and open fields. Facilities include bowling greens, tennis courts and a paddling pool. A railway line once ran through the park. Despite being closed many years ago, its path is still evident, as is the bridge which lies directly in front of the park's main entrance. References Parks and open spaces in West Yorkshire

57267002

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Polish%20White%20Book

The Polish White Book

The Polish White Book is a semi-official name of a series of comprehensive reports published during World War II by the Ministry of Information of the Polish government-in-exile in London, England, dealing with Polish-German relations before and after the 1939 German-Soviet aggression against Poland. Each publication, released in English, French, German and Polish between 1940 and 1941, consisted of official documents and affidavits, supplemented with an overview by the Ministry. Notably, the Polish White Book was released in parallel with The Black Book of Poland series by G.P. Putnam's Sons of New York, published in London by Hutchinson & Co under a differing title in 1942. Publishing history The first volume of the White Book publication series, released in the spring of 1940, was titled Official Documents Concerning Polish-German and Polish-Soviet Relations 1933–1939 – Polish White Book. The book described and documented the Polish-German negotiations in the lead-up to World War II. The second volume of the White Book – sometimes considered to be the first volume of The Black Book of Poland – was titled German Invasion of Poland (L'Invasion Allemande en Pologne, Paris: Flammarion, 1940). The third volume of The Polish White Book was titled German Occupation of Poland. Extract of Note Addressed to The Allied and Neutral Powers. It is a 240-page report, published in 1941 during World War II by the Ministry of Information of the Polish government-in-exile, describing atrocities committed by Germany in occupied Poland. It contains 180 appendixes with lists, names, dates, and the circumstances of Nazi brutality toward Polish civilians, including men, women and children. Most of the book consists of appendixes, documenting the locations of Nazi ghettos where thousands of Jews perished, and the shift in extermination methods from shooting to poisoning by gas. The affidavits confirm Heinrich Himmler’s personal involvement in the liquidation of the Warsaw Ghetto and the final transports to death camps. The Polish White Book was written as a plea for help to the world community. At the time of its compilation, there were two million Polish Jews still alive in occupied Poland, hoping for an international rescue effort. Contents As the reports of Nazi war crimes in occupied Poland increased dramatically, new volumes of The Polish White Book series were released. The German Occupation of Poland (1941) – also known as the second volume of The German Invasion of Poland (1940) – is sometimes considered a preamble to The Black Book of Poland (1942) by the Polish government-in-exile. The White Books by the Polish Ministry were released over the course of two years. The original Polish White Book, along with its subsequent volumes were published in both Paris by Flammarion and in London by Hutchinson & Co.[p.13 of 253 in PDF] The final White Book, titled German Occupation of Poland. Extract of Note Addressed to the Allied and Neutral Powers was released by Greystone Press of New York in 1941. The book contained a 55-page overview, signed by Auguste Zaleski in London on May 3, 1941, and 180 appendices with evidence of forced expulsions and deportations of Jews to overcrowded ghettos, where starvation and disease were commonplace, along with evidence of deliberate destruction of the Polish nationhood, in a total of 243 printed pages. The White Book was followed by The Black Book of Poland printed by G.P. Putnam's Sons of New York in 1942. It was a collection of authenticated documents, depositions, eye-witness accounts, and Ministerial summaries, describing and illustrating with photographs, the Nazi crimes against the Polish nation and War crimes in occupied Poland during World War II, committed in a mere two years, including massacres, tortures, expulsions, forced colonization, persecution, destruction of culture, and humiliation of a nation. German Occupation of Poland (1941). Sections Note Outrages Against Persons Outrages Against Religion Outrages Against Polish Culture Outrages Against Property Appendices The Law and Customs of War on Land-ivth Hague Convention German Documents Polish Documents Notes External links Archive.org, 'German Occupation of Poland Extract of Note Addressed to The Allied and Neutral Powers'. Worldcat.org, 'German Occupation of Poland' See also The Black Book of Poland Karski's reports Pilecki's Report Vrba–Wetzler report The Holocaust in Poland 1941 in Poland 1941 documents Government reports 1941 in England Holocaust historiography Holocaust historical documents International response to the Holocaust

64798707

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherman%20Peak

Sherman Peak

Sherman Peak is an mountain summit located in western Okanogan County in Washington state. It is part of the Okanogan Range which is a subset of the North Cascades. This remote mountain is on Isabella Ridge, north-northeast of Mazama, on land administered by the Okanogan–Wenatchee National Forest. The nearest higher neighbor is Big Craggy Peak, to the north. Precipitation runoff from Sherman drains into tributaries of the Methow River. Climate Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel northeast toward the Cascade Mountains. As fronts approach the North Cascades, they are forced upward by the peaks of the Cascade Range, causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall onto the Cascades (orographic lift). As a result, the west side of the North Cascades experiences high precipitation, especially during the winter months in the form of snowfall. During winter months, weather is usually cloudy, but, due to high pressure systems over the Pacific Ocean that intensify during summer months, there is often little or no cloud cover during the summer. The months July through September offer the most favorable weather for visiting this area, however, smoke from distant wildfires may potentially reduce visibility, and smoky summer conditions have been increasing with climate change. Geology The North Cascades features some of the most rugged topography in the Cascade Range with craggy peaks, spires, ridges, and deep glacial valleys. Geological events occurring many years ago created the diverse topography and drastic elevation changes over the Cascade Range leading to the various climate differences. The history of the formation of the Cascade Mountains dates back millions of years ago to the late Eocene Epoch. With the North American Plate overriding the Pacific Plate, episodes of volcanic igneous activity persisted. In addition, small fragments of the oceanic and continental lithosphere called terranes created the North Cascades about 50 million years ago. During the Pleistocene period dating back over two million years ago, glaciation advancing and retreating repeatedly scoured the landscape leaving deposits of rock debris. The "U"-shaped cross section of the river valleys are a result of recent glaciation. Uplift and faulting in combination with glaciation have been the dominant processes which have created the tall peaks and deep valleys of the North Cascades area. See also List of mountain peaks of Washington (state) Geography of the North Cascades Geology of the Pacific Northwest References External links Weather forecast: Sherman Peak North Cascades Mountains of Washington (state) Mountains of Okanogan County, Washington Cascade Range North American 2000 m summits