Title: State v. Williams
Citation: 224 Kan. 468, 580 P.2d 1341
Docket Number: 49,617
State: Kansas
Issuer: Kansas Supreme Court
Date: July 15, 1978

224 Kan. 468 (1978)
580 P.2d 1341
STATE OF KANSAS, Appellee,
v.
LOVE T. WILLIAMS, Appellant.
No. 49,617

Supreme Court of Kansas.
Opinion filed July 15, 1978.
Oneil Davis, of Wichita, argued the cause and was on the brief for the appellant.
Robert Sandilos, assistant district attorney, argued the cause and Curt T. Schneider, attorney general, and Vern Miller, district attorney, were with him on the brief for the appellee.
The opinion of the court was delivered by
McFARLAND, J.:
This is a direct appeal from convictions of aggravated kidnapping (K.S.A. 21-3421), aggravated sodomy (K.S.A. 21-3506), and rape (K.S.A. 21-3502).
Issue No. 1
DID THE TRIAL COURT ERR IN SUSTAINING THE PROSECUTOR'S MOTION IN LIMINE; IS K.S.A. 60-447a UNCONSTITUTIONAL FOR LACK OF RECIPROCAL DUTY BY PROSECUTOR TO GIVE SEVEN DAYS' NOTICE?
On the day of trial the state filed a motion in limine requesting that the trial court limit inquiry into past sexual conduct of Brenda King, the complaining witness, pursuant to K.S.A. 60-447a. No motion had been filed by the defendant pursuant to K.S.A. 60-447a to admit such evidence. K.S.A. 60-447a provides:
The defendant objected to the state's motion as he desired to establish Ms. King was estranged from her husband and living with another man (not the defendant). The defendant further challenged the constitutionality of K.S.A. 60-447a. The state's motion was sustained. Evidence of the fact Ms. King was separated from her husband was introduced through the testimony of the husband who was called by the state as a rebuttal witness. Although arguing that "his hands were tied" by the ruling, defense counsel does not show any new areas that he was precluded from exploring. The trial court specifically authorized the defendant to inquire into any areas opened up by the state. There is no showing of any abuse of discretion by the trial court.
The defendant challenges the constitutionality of K.S.A. 60-447a. In so doing he likens the statute to the "alibi" statute (K.S.A. 22-3218) which was held to be unconstitutional in Talley v. State, 222 Kan. 289, 564 P.2d 504 (1977). In Talley we held that due process forbade enforcement of a statute requiring defendant *470 to give pretrial notice to the prosecutor of his intent to introduce alibi evidence and identify alibi witnesses unless there were reciprocal discovery rights. K.S.A. 60-447a is aimed at eliminating a common defense strategy of trying the complaining witness rather than the defendant. The result of this strategy was harassment and further humiliation of the victim as well as discouraging victims of rape from reporting the crimes to law enforcement authorities. Adequate safeguards exist in K.S.A. 60-447a for the admission of testimony of prior sexual conduct of the witness when the same is appropriate in a particular case. K.S.A. 60-447a is not violative of the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.
Issue No. 2
WAS THERE SUFFICIENT EVIDENCE FOR THE CONVICTION OF AGGRAVATED KIDNAPPING?
Brenda King testified as follows: She was walking alone on a street at night when the defendant stopped his automobile and asked her if she wanted a ride. She declined the offer and the offer was repeated. The defendant drove away. Subsequently the defendant jumped out from behind a tree and grabbed Ms. King. They struggled, the defendant took an object from his pocket and pressed it into her back. The defendant forced her to his car, placed her in the passenger's seat and crawled over her to the driver's seat. He speeded up and slowed down as necessary to avoid stopping at red lights. The defendant drove into a parking lot and stopped. Ms. King jumped out of the automobile at that point and ran screaming for help. She was pursued by the defendant. They struggled and a gun which fell from defendant's coat was retrieved by the defendant. The defendant placed his hand over her mouth and walked her to his apartment. Ms. King did not try further escape as she was restrained by and frightened of the armed defendant. The defendant then disrobed her and committed the acts of sodomy and rape.
The defense to the case was that no such incident occurred. Defendant contended he was a dealer in illicit drugs and that the charges herein were the result of a "frame" by a rival drug dealer. He testified that Ms. King was a drug pusher who had worked with him. Ms. King denied any prior contact with the defendant.
The defendant further contends there was insufficient evidence to convict him of aggravated kidnapping because the taking of the *471 victim was not to facilitate the crime of rape. The test to be applied is set forth in State v. Buggs, 219 Kan. 203, 216, 547 P.2d 720 (1976), as follows:
The evidence herein is sufficient under Buggs, supra, to establish that the taking was to facilitate the crimes of aggravated sodomy and rape. The point is without merit.
Issue No. 3
WAS THERE SUFFICIENT EVIDENCE FOR THE CONVICTION OF AGGRAVATED SODOMY?
The statutes defining sodomy and aggravated sodomy are as follows:
K.S.A. 21-3505:
K.S.A. 21-3506:
"Aggravated sodomy is sodomy committed:
The victim testified that the defendant spread his legs across her and ordered her to engage in fellatio. Upon her refusal, he grabbed her mouth and inserted his male organ between her lips. Further entry was stopped by the victim's clenched teeth. The defendant contends that this was insufficient penetration to constitute *472 the crime of sodomy. This precise question has not previously been before this court.
In People v. Hickok, 96 Cal. App. 2d 621, 216 P.2d 140 (1950), a similar question arising out of a similar factual situation was raised. In Hickok, the California Court of Appeals said:
The logic of this result is compelling. Note, too, that the Kansas sodomy statute (K.S.A. 21-3505) specifically states "any penetration, however slight, is sufficient to complete the crime of sodomy." No comparable provision exists in the California statute pertaining to oral copulation (Cal. Penal Code § 288a). We hold that penetration of the defendant's male organ beyond the lips of the complaining witness constitutes sodomy although further penetration was prevented by her clenched teeth.
Issue No. 4
IS K.S.A. 1977 SUPP. 21-4618 ON PROBATION AND SENTENCING FOR CERTAIN CRIMES INVOLVING FIREARMS UNCONSTITUTIONAL?
The defendant contends K.S.A. 1977 Supp. 21-4618 is unconstitutional as it invades the province of the trial judge and discriminates against individuals who use firearms in the commission of crimes. These points have been determined adversely to defendant in State v. Freeman, 223 Kan. 362, 574 P.2d 950 (1977), wherein we held:
The judgment is affirmed.