Title: Colombo v. Hewitt
Citation: 221 Or. 121, 350 P.2d 893
Docket Number: N/A
State: Oregon
Issuer: Oregon Supreme Court
Date: March 30, 1960

Affirmed March 30, 1960.
*122 Lewis Hoffman argued the cause for appellants. On the briefs were Bailey, Hoffman &amp; Spencer, Eugene.
Wolf Von Otterstedt, Eugene, argued the cause for respondents. On the brief were Husband &amp; Johnson, Eugene.
Before McALLISTER, Chief Justice, and PERRY, O'CONNELL and HARRIS, Justices.
AFFIRMED.
HARRIS, J. (Pro Tempore)
The plaintiffs, Ernest E. Colombo and Ardelle J. *123 Colombo, husband and wife, and M.B. Marsh and Martha E. Marsh, husband and wife, in this suit allege that the defendants, Roy H. Hewitt and Susie A. Hewitt, husband and wife, and William A. Adams and Elizabeth O. Adams, husband and wife, about October 1, 1956, blocked and obstructed a portion of a public roadway known as Old County Road No. 227, or former 18th Street, near Eugene, Oregon. The parties hereto, as husbands and wives, are owners of certain real property, the location of which in relation to Old County Road No. 227 is shown and indicated on the diagram which is set forth for illustration purposes only. Old County Road No. 227 involved in this litigation is indicated on this diagram by the dotted lines.
The plaintiffs allege in their complaint that such obstruction has permanently denied them the use of said roadway unless the court grants them injunctive relief. From a decree in favor of the plaintiffs granting them such relief, the defendants have appealed.
The principal question for determination is whether a portion of said Old County Road No. 227, which, prior to 1927, was designated as (old) 18th Street and was maintained by Lane county as County Road No. 227, was ever vacated. The court found that the portion of this county road (former 18th Street) involved in this suit has been and now is a public roadway, and that it has never been vacated.
For nearly 75 years prior to 1927 former County Road No. 227 (hereinafter referred to as Old No. 227) ran on the section line between the Hewitt and Colombo tracts as they are shown on the diagram. This road was used by the public generally as a western entry to the city of Eugene until about 1927. In about 1927 Lane county began construction of an arc which circumvented *124 a portion of Old No. 227, located on a fairly steep hill. Present County Road No. 227 is now also known as 18th Street as shown on the diagram.
*125 The main question involved in the suit is whether at any time between the construction of the new portion of County Road 227 (18th Street on the diagram) any action occurred which legally vacated Old No. 227, so that the right of way on each side of the section line would revert under law to the property owners on the respective sides of the road.
ORS 368.405 provides the proceedings to establish or alter roads as follows:
There is no contention advanced by defendants that either petition by freeholder method (ORS 368.430-368.465), the resolution method (ORS 368.470) or the condemnation method was used to procure a vacation of Old No. 227. Defendants contend there was a vacation of the portion of Old No. 227 under consideration by grant of the owners of necessary rights of way.
ORS 368.540, on which defendants rely, provides:
It appears that on February 15, 1927, deeds were filed in the office of the county clerk providing for a right of way, for a change of location of County Road 227, and that during 1927 the county court constructed a public road along said right of way. However, the record does not disclose that there was in the 1927 proceedings "a final order entered establishing a new road following the general alignment of the old road" as provided in ORS 368.540, or any order whatsoever. It is a "final order" which "shall vacate all parts of the old road or highway."
It will be noted that ORS 368.540, upon which defendants rely, provides for two types of final order with reference to vacation of an old road. The first type we have already mentioned in the preceding paragraph. The other type of order that is authorized is that "the County Court may expressly provide that a portion of the old road shall not be vacated." There is no showing that either type of order, or any order, was made in 1927.
Lacking proof of what action, if any, the county court took in 1927, defendants rely on an order entered by the county court 21 years later, in May, 1948, which reads:
It will be noted that by this order the court in 1948 is not acting on its own proceeding for altering a highway, *128 but is attempting to speculate on what a county court did or intended to do some 21 years before and enter an order nunc pro tunc relative thereto. This is shown on the face of the order. The order then attempts to vacate the roadway in question "in accord" with that which the court attempts to hold a former court intended to do some 21 years before. Suppose the county court in its 1948 order had made an order that it was the intention of the 1927 county court that "any portion of the old road shall not be vacated," one of the alternatives mentioned in the section under consideration. Would it be contended that such order had validity?
Defendants urge that the order of the county court of May 6, 1948, was a judgment of a competent court which is not subject to collateral attack. 49 CJS 805, Judgments § 408. Defendants claim plaintiffs' remedy was by appeal or writ of review from the 1948 order.
1. With reference to the claim of collateral attack, it is clear that when a county court acts in the transaction of county business such as the laying out of county roads, such court is an inferior tribunal of special and limited jurisdiction. Stadelman v. Miner, 83 Or 348, 392, 155 P 708, 163 P 585, 163 P 983, and cases therein cited; State v. Officer, 4 Or 180, 183; Tustin v. Gaunt, 4 Or 305, 307-310. Therefore, all the facts to show and confer jurisdiction and to demonstrate its lawful exercise must appear on the face of the record of its proceedings. If these facts do not so appear, the proceedings of such an inferior tribunal when brought into question collaterally, are mere nullities. The distinction between a court of general jurisdiction and one of limited and special jurisdiction is pointed out in Tustin v. Gaunt, supra, at p 309:
Because of these reasons the order of the county court made in 1948 does not import verity. Its "proceedings are nullities if its jurisdiction and the lawful exercise thereof do not appear on the face of the record."
2. It will be noted that the order of the county court in 1948 states that "It is hereby declared by the County Court of Lane County that it was the intention of the County Court that all portions of the right-of-way * * * should be and they are hereby declared to be vacated in accord." (Emphasis supplied.)
It appears, therefore, that the county court in 1948 attempted to put its appraisal upon the action of a former court and attempted to hold that it was indicated to the satisfaction of the 1948 court that certain action had been taken by the 1927 court, all without any showing that any order whatsoever was made in the 1927 proceedings. In State v. Officer, supra, at page 184, the county court in its record stated: "Proof of posting notices having been made to the satisfaction of the Court." This court held as follows:
3. Also, we hold that ORS 368.540, upon which defendants rely, for "automatic" vacation contemplates that the final order shall be made in the proceeding "instituted" and "carried to a conclusion" at the time the alteration of the highway is made, and that the matter of a final order establishing a new road cannot be made as a result of such proceeding 21 years later. ORS 203.170 provides:
An Oregon case dealing directly with the necessity of a county court to act within a proper term and holding that at a later term such court cannot, by order nunc pro tunc, correct the court's failure to act or its incorrect action at a previous term is Tompkins v. Clackamas County, 11 Or 364, 366-367, in which the court states:
We believe the Tompkins case is determinative of the within cause.
Indicative of the limited control of an inferior court of limited jurisdiction over its own judgments is the following language taken from Mitchell v. Or., Wn., Credit &amp; Coll. Bur., 188 Or 389, 393, 215 P2d 917:
It may also be added that even a court of general jurisdiction is governed by the following rule set forth in Bogh v. Bogh, 185 Or 93, 107, 202 P 503.
*134 It will be noted, also, that it is the order that should have been made in the 1927 proceeding (upon which the record is silent) which, had it established "a new road following the general alignment of the old road shall vacate (by its own force) all parts of the old road not included within the limits of the new road without further proceedings." The only provision is for a certain order which shall ipso facto result in the vacation of the old road. There is no provision in the law for such an order as attempted to be made in 1948.
It may well be the reason the county court did not duly and regularly enter a final order in 1927 which would automatically have vacated Old No. 227 was its knowledge that such action would leave the abutting land owners along the old road without any means of access and that, therefore, such action would subject the county to liability under the following rule:
We hold that the attempt to vacate the old road by another county court in 1948 based upon what it conceived the county court intended to do in 1927 is of no legal effect. We do not pass upon the right of the Lane county court to vacate Old No. 227 under other proceedings provided by law.
Because of the foregoing reasons, we hold that the 1948 order, insofar as it attempted to vacate the road under consideration, was a nullity.
Assuming, arguendo, that contrary to our conclusions the 1948 order had any validity, the question arises whether in this case such an order established "a new road following the general alignment of the old road."
A guide in interpreting what is meant by the term "following the general alignment of the old road" is found in the last sentence of this section (ORS 368.540) which reads:
In other words, the vacated road shall not be "shut up * * * until the [new] road laid out to supply the place thereof is actually opened to travel." (Emphasis supplied.) This is indicative of legislative intent that the new road would take the place of the old road.
*136 Instead of "supplying the place thereof" the diagram shown earlier demonstrates that if the "order" establishing the new road automatically vacated the old road, the property of plaintiffs became landlocked and without any means of egress and ingress (The other access roads shown on the diagram were not in existence). In fact, the evidence discloses the old road was used until 1956, when it was blocked by defendants. Defendants have cited no authority that a superseding road which leaves property owners landlocked shall be considered a highway which supplies the place of the old road.
In Small v. Binford, 41 Ind App 440, 83 NE 507, the court held:
In Vedder v. Marion County, 28 Or 77, 91, 36 P 535, 41 P 3, this court stated:
*137 Also in this regard see the following cases: Rector v. Christy, 114 Iowa 471, 87 NW 489; Lilly v. Bowling, 120 W Va 169, 197 SE 299.
4. We interpret ORS 368.540 to mean that the "old road" therein mentioned is vacated by a final order only when the new, replacing highway leaves reasonably adequate means of ingress and egress to the owners of property abutting on the road to be vacated. This ruling is in harmony with the expressed intention of a companion section of the code which provides: "* * * that no road or portion thereof shall be vacated under this section if vacation would deprive the owner of any real property of access to such property by public road or other right of way." ORS 368.620.
We also find that the record supports the finding of the trial court, in which we concur, that the semicircular or curved roadway shown in the diagram connecting Old County Road 227 to the relocated road 227 has by public user, for the requisite time, become a public road and that its use is vested in the public. The decree appealed from is affirmed. No costs and disbursements will be allowed.