Title: Creacy v. Industrial Commission
Citation: 366 P.2d 384
Docket Number: 19713
State: Colorado
Issuer: Colorado Supreme Court
Date: November 20, 1961

366 P.2d 384 (1961) Mary Lois CREACY, formerly known as Mary Lois Hale, Claimant in the Matter of the Death of Willard Hale, Plaintiff in Error, v. INDUSTRIAL COMMISSION of State of Colorado, Jeffries Eaves, Inc., a corporation, and Travelers Insurance Company, a corporation, Defendants in Error. No. 19713. Supreme Court of Colorado. En Banc. November 20, 1961. *385 Smith, Pyle, Johnson &amp; Makris, Denver, for plaintiff in error. Duke W. Dunbar, Atty. Gen., Frank E. Hickey, Deputy Atty. Gen., Peter L. Dye, Asst. Atty. Gen., for defendant in error Industrial Comm. Wood, Ris &amp; Hames, Denver, for defendants in error Jeffries Eaves, Inc., and Travelers Ins. Co. HALL, Chief Justice. The Industrial Commission of Colorado awarded compensation, in the total sum of $11,466 payable at the monthly rate of $159.25, to Mary Lois Hale as the dependent widow of Willard Hale, who suffered fatal injuries in the course of his employment. The decedent had no children. Mary Lois Hale, now Creacy, remarried and thereupon petitioned the Industrial Commission for a lump sum settlement of one half of the balance of her unpaid compensation. Her claim was based on CRS '53, 81-11-4. The Commission held that her right to compensation terminated upon her remarriage, as provided by CRS '53, 81-11-7; that she had been paid compensation to the date of her remarriage and that nothing further was payable to her. Her petition for the lump sum settlement was denied and the employer and insurer were relieved of the duty of making any further payments. This award and order of the Industrial Commission was reviewed by the district court and by it affirmed. Mary Lois Creacy is here by writ of error seeking reversal. Creacy contends that CRS '53, 81-11-4 and 81-11-7 are not irreconcilable, and they should be read together and effect given to both sections, and Tavenor v. Royal Indemnity Co., 84 Colo. 521, 272 P. 3 (1928) which held these sections to be irreconcilable should be overruled. She further contends that subsequent to the decision in Tavenor v. Royal Indemnity Co., sections 81-11-4 and 81-11-7 were both included in the compilation of 1935 Colorado Statutes Annotated, and both were reenacted by the legislature when it adopted the Colorado Revised Statutes 1953, and that these actions are tantamount to a legislative declaration that section 81-11-4 is still in full force and effect. In the original Workmen's Compensation Act, Chapter 210, Session Laws 1919, the pertinent sections were numbered as Sections 55 and 58. The 1919 enactment of Sections 55 and 58, so far as relevant here, provided: The two sections were consistent and harmonious in the original forms and continued so until 1923, when Section 58 was amended to read: By this amendment to Section 58, the pre-existing saving clause relating to a partial lump sum settlement to a widow upon her remarriage was eliminated, and the widow's right to compensation terminated *386 upon her remarriage. Section 58 was further amended by Section 4, Chapter 219, Session Laws 1951, the pertinent portions being identical with the 1923 amendment, and again it omitted the saving clause for the benefit of a widow upon remarriage. The 1923 and the 1951 amendments provided all Acts and parts of Acts in conflict with the Section as amended, were repealed. Section 55 was never amended; it now appears as CRS '53, 81-11-4; Section 58 of the 1919 enactment, as amended, now appears as CRS '53, 81-11-7. For clarity and convenience, both sections will hereafter be referred to by the C.R.S. designation. The pertinent parts of the current sections of the statutes are: 81-11-4: 81-11-7: In Tavenor v. Royal Indemnity Co., supra, the facts were similar to the facts here. There the widow, following her remarriage, applied for a lump sum settlement under what is now CRS '53, section 81-11-4. We there held that the provisions of CRS '53, 81-11-4 and 81-11-7, were in irreconcilable conflict and that Section 81-11-4 was repealed by implication in the enactment of Section 81-11-7, as amended. We are now urged to overrule Tavenor. Tavenor represents well-settled law in this jurisdiction. Under the doctrine of stare decisis courts are very reluctant to undo settled law. This doctrine has for its object, uniformity, certainty, and stability of the law and the rights acquired thereunder. The rule of stare decisis is not a doctrine of mortmain; it does not exclude room for growth in the law and the courts are not without power to depart from a prior ruling, or to overrule it, where sound reasons exist and where the general interests will suffer less by such departure than from a strict adherence. The doctrine will not be departed from for slight or trivial causes, and certainly not where such departure would promote injustice or defeat justice. The rule in Tavenor was laid down a third of a century ago, has been generally recognized in the practice and by the courts, and has not been previously contested. There have been no legislative changes in the law in this behalf and the rule and the doctrine have become thoroughly established in the jurisprudence of this state. No reason is advanced which calls for deviating from stare decisis, and we decline to do so. Mr. Chief Justice Burke, speaking of stare decisis in this jurisdiction, in Wolf v. People, 117 Colo. 279, 187 P.2d 926, 927, stated: *387 The effect of including Section 81-11-4 in the 1935 compilation of Colorado Statutes Annotated, and the re-enactment of this section in Colorado Revised Statutes 1953, merits consideration and comment. The 1935 Colorado Statutes Annotated was a compilation and not a re-enactment. The 1953 Colorado Revised Statutes are: Other pertinent portions of the re-enactment provide: Where a statute is re-enacted in the substantial form of a pre-existing statute without change of legal effect, it is effective or not effective as of its original and pre-existing status. If a re-enacted statute has been construed, the force and effect of such construction remains an integral part of the re-enacted statute. The program of revision and publication of statutes is based upon laws that exist as enacted by the legislature and as construed and defined by the courts, and not on laws as they were originally enacted if they have been repealed by construction of the courts or by the legislature. In such circumstances they do not exist at all. Town of Greenwood Village v. District Court, 138 Colo. 283, 332 P.2d 210; Thompson v. People, 136 Colo. 336, 316 P.2d 1043; Bartell v. People, 137 Colo. 300, 324 P.2d 378. This principle obtained in Colorado prior to 1953. See People, ex rel. Regents of State University v. State Board of Equalization of Colorado, 20 Colo. 220, 37 P. 964. Where statutes are re-enacted the construction previously placed upon them is deemed to have been approved by the legislature in making the enactments and with the understanding the former construction will be adhered to, as was stated in Harvey v. Travelers' Insurance Co., 18 Colo. 354, 32 P. 935, 936: In O'Loughlin v. People, 90 Colo. 368, 10 P.2d 543, 546, 82 A.L.R. 622, it was said: We adhere to the reasoning and the rule in Tavenor v. Royal Indemnity Co., supra. The trial court correctly resolved the issues. The judgment is affirmed. PRINGLE, J., not participating.