Title: Dull v. State
Citation: 180 N.E.2d 523, 242 Ind. 633
Docket Number: 30,124
State: Indiana
Issuer: Indiana Supreme Court
Date: March 1, 1962

242 Ind. 633 (1962)
180 N.E.2d 523
DULL
v.
STATE OF INDIANA.
No. 30,124.

Supreme Court of Indiana.
Filed March 1, 1962.
Rehearing denied April 2, 1962.
*634 Clarence E. Benadum, Ralph V. Cecil, Frederick F. McClellan and Benadum, Cecil, McClellan &amp; Conrad, of Muncie, for appellant.
Edwin K. Steers, Attorney General, Gene Williams, Prosecuting Attorney, 46th Judicial Circuit, Dick Clapp, and James J. Jordan, Deputy Prosecuting Attorneys, 46th Judicial Circuit, for appellee.
ARTERBURN, J.
The appellant was found guilty of murder in the first degree after trial and upon an indictment reading as follows:
A true Bill
The first contention made on this appeal is that the court erred in refusing to give the appellant's tendered instructions numbered 3 and 4. Instruction number 3 informed the jury that where the offense charged consists of different degrees, the jury may find the defendant not guilty of the degree charged and guilty of any degree inferior thereto. (Burns' § 9-1816) Tendered instruction number 4 defined murder in the second degree and also manslaughter, and tendered forms of verdict for each of such offenses.
The question then presented is: whether second degree murder and manslaughter are offenses included in a charge of homicide committed in the perpetration of rape, arson, robbery or burglary. On request, should the jury be so instructed? The statute (Burns' §§ 9-1816 and 9-1817) provides in substance that where an offense under the statute consists of different degrees, a defendant may be found guilty of any lesser degree than that charged, and in all other cases where the offense is not graduated in degrees by the statute, a defendant may be found guilty of any offense necessarily included therein. The law in this respect is examined more fully in Barker v. State (1958), 238 Ind. 271, 150 N.E.2d 680. Upon reading the statute (Burns' § 10-3404) it will be found that *636 murder in the second degree consists of homicide with malice, but without premeditation. The statute defining murder in the first degree reads as follows:
By reference to the indictment in this case it will be noted that the defendant was not charged with premeditated murder. There are no allegations of premeditation in the indictment. The charge, therefore, is based upon the latter portion of the statute, which does not require the element or proof of premeditation, if the homicide is committed in the perpetration of robbery or the other felonies named in the statute. In Mack v. State (1932), 203 Ind. 355, 370, 180 N.E. 279, 283, 284, 83 A.L.R. 1349, we said:
This statement was reiterated and approved in Swain v. State (1938), 214 Ind. 412, 415, 15 N.E.2d 381, 383. In Hawkins v. State (1941), 219 Ind. 116, 125, 37 N.E.2d 79, 83, this court said:
The appellant cites Bissot v. The State (1876), 53 Ind. 408, wherein the defendant on appeal objected to instructions which defined murder in the second degree and manslaughter when he was found guilty on a second count charging murder committed in the perpetration of burglary. An examination of that case shows, however, that he was also charged at the time in another count with murder in the first degree involving premeditation. There is nothing inconsistent with the statements in that case with the law here enunciated. Where murder in the first degree involving premeditation is charged, it is proper for the court to instruct on murder in the second degree and manslaughter. The cases in that respect are cited above. We find no error in the court's refusal to give the instructions tendered by the appellant.
Finally, the contention is made that prejudicial error occurred in the closing argument by the prosecuting attorney. The appellant at the time made no objections to the remarks of the prosecuting attorney and did not ask the court to instruct the jury to disregard them or claim any prejudicial error in the respect now urged. The remarks consisted mainly in *638 stating to the jury that if the defendant was allowed to escape it would invite 
Although there may be some question about the temperateness of the remarks, no objections were made thereto at the time. A party may not sit idly by and make no objections to matters he might consider prejudicial, awaiting the outcome of a trial, and thereafter raise such question for the first time. Gamble v. Lewis (1949), 27 Ind. 455, 85 N.E.2d 629; Kern v. Bridwell (1889), 119 Ind. 226, 21 N.E. 664.
The alleged misconduct is presented by affidavits signed and sworn to by the appellant and made a part of the motion for a new trial. They are not presented to this court by any bill of exceptions. Rule 1-15 of this court provides for affidavits being filed with motions for a new trial, but this court has limited the use of such affidavits in cases where it is not possible to obtain a bill of exceptions for that purpose. The use of the affidavits is primarily for the purpose of proving facts that took place outside the presence of the court. In Nix v. State (1960), 240 Ind. 392, 397, 166 N.E.2d 326, 328, we said:
The same principle applies with reference to events happening during an argument before the jury. This is not a case where there is any showing that it was impossible under the circumstances to make objections and have a bill of exceptions prepared and filed covering the matters that occurred in the presence of the court. McCoy v. State (1960), 241 Ind. 104, 170 N.E.2d 43; Choen v. The State (1882), 85 Ind. 209; Powers v. State (1882), 87 Ind. 144; Jacoby v. State (1937), 212 Ind. 465, 8 N.E.2d 978.
The appellant has failed to present any question with reference to misconduct on the part of the State during the oral argument before the jury.
The judgment of the trial court is affirmed.
Achor, C.J., and Bobbitt and Landis, JJ., concur.
Jackson, J., dissents with opinion.
JACKSON, J.
The majority opinion discusses adequately, determines correctly, adversely to the appellant, on the doctrine of stare decisis, the questions relative to instructions raised in the case at bar. I point out, that one who perpetrates a murder with malicious premeditation, pursuant to a carefully thought out, coldly calculated and executed plan is entitled to instructions on murder in the second degree and voluntary and involuntary manslaughter, while one who kills, even accidently, in the attempt or consummation of one of the proscribed offenses is denied such instructions. The distinction is illogical.
*640 Appellant also contends that prejudicial error occurred in the closing argument by the prosecuting attorney. In view of the question raised, the entire statement as embraced in the motion for a new trial is set out in full below as follows:
The majority opinion, citing civil cases as authority, makes the point that a duty devolved upon the appellant or his counsel to promptly object to the alleged improper comment, and to make a record thereof at the time, and that failure to do so promptly constitutes a waiver of the objectionable statement. It is, I think, a matter of common knowledge among trial lawyers that the situation delineated here presents one of the most difficult facets in the defense of a criminal case. Often, as here, there is feeling and prejudice concerning the defendant's conduct and his right to a fair trial, etc. Under such circumstances whatever is done in behalf of the defendant by way of objection tends to antagonize the jury.
The matter in issue was, in my opinion, properly brought to the attention of the trial court, and is here in the record by the motion for a new trial and its inclusion in the assignment of errors.
It is further my opinion that, in this case, any reasonable man must inevitably conclude that the closing *642 arguments of the prosecuting attorney improperly appealed to the passions, prejudices and emotions of the jury by remarks concerning matters outside the record and not germane to the issues before the jury. In such case a pressing duty devolved upon the trial court sua sponte to admonish the jury to disregard the inflamatory and prejudicial remarks of the prosecuting attorney, and that duty was paramount to any rule of procedure that attempts to place that burden upon the defendant.
The judgment of the trial court should be reversed, and the cause remanded with instructions to grant appellant's motion for a new trial.
NOTE.  Reported in 180 N.E.2d 523.