Title: GMG Insurance Agency v. Edelstein
Citation: N/A
Docket Number: 213, 2023
State: Delaware
Issuer: Delaware Supreme Court
Date: April 19, 2024

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE 
 
GMG INSURANCE AGENCY, 
 
 
Plaintiff Below,  
Appellant, 
 
v. 
 
MARGOLIS EDELSTEIN, 
 
Defendant Below, 
          Appellee. 
§ 
§        C.A. No. 213, 2023 
§ 
§        Court Below—Superior Court 
§        of the State of Delaware 
§   
§        Case No. N21C-07-002 
§         
§ 
§ 
§ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Submitted: January 17, 2024 
 
 
 
 
Decided: 
April 19, 2024 
 
Before TRAYNOR, LEGROW, and GRIFFITHS, Justices. 
 
Upon appeal from the Superior Court of the State of Delaware. REVERSED AND 
REMANDED. 
 
Michael R. Ippoliti, Ippoliti Law Group, Wilmington, Delaware, for Appellant GMG 
Insurance Agency. 
 
Sally J. Daugherty, Salmon, Ricchezza, Singer & Turchi, LLP, Wilmington, 
Delaware, for Appellee Margolis Edelstein. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
GRIFFITHS, Justice: 
2 
 
This appeal arises from a claim of professional negligence relating to legal 
services that appellee Margolis Edelstein provided to appellant GMG Insurance 
Agency.  Margolis represented GMG and Howard Wilson, one of GMG’s 
employees, in a non-compete dispute in the Court of Chancery.  After GMG failed 
to prevail fully on a motion for summary judgment in that underlying dispute and 
settlement talks broke down, GMG fired Margolis.  On the eve of trial, with GMG 
represented by new counsel and Wilson represented by separate counsel, Wilson 
filed an affidavit recanting his prior testimony and providing new testimony that was 
drastically inconsistent with his prior testimony and unfavorable to GMG.  GMG 
settled the litigation shortly thereafter.   
GMG then sued Margolis in the Superior Court for legal malpractice.  GMG 
asserted that but for Margolis’s negligent representation in the Court of Chancery, 
GMG would not have been exposed to the consequences of Wilson’s pre-trial 
eleventh-hour change in testimony.  The Superior Court granted summary judgment 
in favor of Margolis on GMG’s professional negligence claim, finding that Wilson’s 
affidavit was a superseding cause that broke the causal chain linking Margolis’s 
alleged negligence and GMG’s claimed damages.  We hold that this decision was in 
error because there are disputes of material fact as to whether Margolis deviated 
from the requisite standard of care.  The court also erred by failing to address GMG’s 
contention that, but for Margolis’s alleged negligence, GMG would have prevailed 
3 
 
on all claims in the Court of Chancery litigation—a circumstance that would have 
effectively negated Margolis’s superseding cause argument.  Accordingly, we 
reverse the judgment of the Superior Court and remand for further proceedings.   
I. 
FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND1 
A. Howard Wilson’s Employment Background and the USI Litigation 
Over the past decade, Howard Wilson has worked at a few insurance agencies.  
He was employed by USI Insurance Services in 2014.  In July 2014, Wilson resigned 
from USI and joined Lyons Insurance Agency with the understanding that he would 
bring his customer relationships from USI to Lyons.  About three-quarters of his 
clients followed him from USI to Lyons.  Wilson, however, was bound by a non-
compete agreement with USI, of which Lyons was aware. 
 USI sued Wilson and Lyons in Pennsylvania state court to enforce Wilson’s 
non-compete obligations.  On August 8, 2014, the Pennsylvania court issued an 
eighteen-month injunction against Lyons and Wilson, prohibiting them from 
servicing any clients that moved with Wilson from USI to Lyons.  In July 2016, one 
month before the injunction was to be lifted, some of Wilson’s former clients 
changed brokers to GMG.  On July 18, 2016, Lyons and USI settled, ending the 
 
1 The following undisputed facts are drawn from the record below, as well as from the record in 
the underlying litigation in the Court of Chancery.  See C.A. No. 2017-0092-SG [hereinafter “Ch. 
Dkt. at __.”]. 
4 
 
litigation.  The court subsequently lifted the injunction and USI’s non-compete rights 
ended.   
After the injunction was lifted, Lyons instructed Wilson to solicit back his 
former clients.  Wilson contacted his largest former client—OTG Management 
Inc.—to gauge its interest in switching brokers.  At the time, OTG was serviced by 
GMG.  OTG was not interested in moving its business.  At that point, Wilson was 
struggling to bring in business to Lyons and he felt that his career was in balance.  
After taking a vacation in late July 2016, Wilson resigned from Lyons on August 12, 
2016.  Upon resigning from Lyons, he joined GMG, with whom he had been in talks 
while employed at Lyons.  Wilson, however, was bound by a non-compete 
agreement with Lyons that was still in effect at the time of his hiring at GMG.  
B. The Court of Chancery Litigation  
On February 7, 2017, Lyons sued Wilson and GMG in the Court of Chancery 
seeking injunctive relief and money damages (the “Chancery Litigation”).2  Lyons 
claimed that Wilson’s employment with GMG breached his non-compete agreement 
with Lyons and that GMG aided and abetted that breach and tortiously interfered 
 
2 Lyons brought the following causes of action:  (i) breach of contract (against Wilson); (ii) breach 
of the duty of good faith and fair dealing (against Wilson); (iii) quantum meruit (against Wilson); 
(iv) aiding and abetting (against GMG); (v) unjust enrichment (against Wilson and GMG); (vi) 
civil conspiracy (against Wilson and GMG); and (vii) tortious interference with contract and 
prospective economic relations (against GMG).  See Ch. Dkt. 1 at ¶¶ 53–94 (Chancery Compl.).  
5 
 
with the agreement between Lyons and Wilson.  GMG retained Margolis to 
represent itself and Wilson in the matter.   
On February 28, 2017, the Court of Chancery granted Lyons’s motion to 
expedite, and the parties pursued discovery in advance of a hearing on Lyons’s 
motion for a preliminary injunction.  During the month of April 2017, Margolis 
attorneys corresponded with each other about being “wholly inexperienced” and “ill-
equipped” to handle discovery in the Court of Chancery.3  On July 12, 2017, the 
court refused to issue a preliminary injunction, and both sides took additional 
discovery.   
On February 23, 2018, Lyons filed a renewed motion for summary judgment 
on three counts, and GMG and Wilson moved for summary judgment on all counts. 
On September 28, 2018, the Court of Chancery granted summary judgment in favor 
of GMG on all counts except for Lyons’s tortious interference and breach of contract 
claims.  As to that claim, the Court of Chancery held that “the factual record [was] 
not sufficiently developed as to whether GMG’s actions satisf[ied] the remainder of 
the tortious interference requirements.”4 
 
3 App. to Answering Br. at B50, B53.   
4 Lyons Ins. Agency, Inc. v. Wilson, 2018 WL 4677606, at *8 (Del. Ch. Sept. 28, 2018).  
[hereinafter “Chancery Opinion”].  To prevail on a claim of tortious interference, a party must 
show that: “(1) there was a contract, (2) about which the particular defendant knew, (3) an 
intentional act that was a significant factor in causing the breach of contract, (4) the act was without 
justification, and (5) it caused injury.”  WaveDivision Holdings, LLC v. Highland Cap. Mgmt., 
L.P., 49 A.3d 1168, 1174 (Del. 2012) (citation omitted).  The Court of Chancery noted that while 
it found that “[Wilson’s non-compete agreement with Lyons was] a valid contract, and Wilson 
6 
 
After the Court of Chancery’s ruling, the parties engaged in mediation from 
October 2018 through April 2019.  In March 2019, Margolis advised GMG to settle 
the litigation, but also expressed its willingness to take additional discovery and 
proceed to trial.  In April 2019, GMG terminated Margolis after mediation was 
unsuccessful.  It hired Smith, Katzenstein & Jenkins LLP as replacement counsel.  
GMG also informed Wilson that he would need to hire separate counsel to represent 
him. 
In the ensuing months, GMG’s new counsel productively conferred with 
Lyons and produced additional documents.  In June 2019, GMG made additional 
document productions to cure earlier deficiencies.  GMG produced documents—
which were not produced in the early stages of litigation in 2017—tending to show 
that its partners had relied on the advice of counsel in making the decision to hire 
Wilson despite his non-compete obligations.  Following the production of these 
documents, Lyons moved for sanctions, arguing that “[b]ut for wrongful withholding 
of evidence . . . the tortious interference count would have been resolved at summary 
judgment,” as the “the newly-disclosed, wrongfully withheld evidence” revealed 
“pre-planning [of] Mr. Wilson’s hiring in connection with GMG’s obtaining the 
business of Lyons’[s] clients or prospects.”5  
 
[wa]s in breach[,]” the record was not developed as to the other elements.  Chancery Opinion at 
*8.    
5 Ch. Dkt. 145 at ¶¶ 1, 4(a) (Lyons’s Motion for Sanctions).  
7 
 
Although the Court of Chancery declined to decide on an appropriate sanction 
until after trial, it acknowledged the significance of the newly produced information, 
noting that the information should have “clearly” been produced, given its 
“extraordinar[y] important[ce]” to the underlying theories of the case.6  The court 
also recognized that the information could have affected the court’s resolution of the 
summary judgment motion.  On June 29, 2020, the parties informed the Court of 
Chancery that in light of the court’s ruling on Lyons’s sanctions motion, Lyons 
would forgo supplemental depositions and proceed to trial on the outstanding issues 
in the case. 
 
On December 9, 2020, one day before the parties were scheduled to go to trial, 
Wilson filed an affidavit “disavow[ing] and recant[ing] any prior sworn testimony 
inconsistent with” his new affidavit (the “Wilson Affidavit”).7  In the affidavit, in 
direct contravention of his prior testimony, Wilson stated that he, GMG, and OTG 
had participated in a series of meetings and phone calls in late 2015 and early 2016, 
during which they agreed that OTG would change brokers to GMG.  He also stated 
that they collectively agreed that GMG would hire Wilson to service OTG and other 
clients as soon as the USI injunction was lifted.  GMG moved to continue the trial, 
but the Court of Chancery denied the continuance the same day.  Shortly thereafter, 
 
6 Ch. Dkt. 158 at 26:20, 24 (Motion for Sanctions Hrg. Tr.).  
7 See App. to Answering Br. at B199.  
8 
 
Lyons and GMG informed the court that they had reached a settlement in principle 
and that the trial would move forward only as to the causes of action remaining 
against Wilson.  
C. The Superior Court Litigation 
On July 1, 2021, GMG sued Margolis for legal malpractice in the Superior 
Court, claiming that its attorneys “negligent[ly] deviat[ed] from the standard of care 
expected of lawyers licensed to practice” in Delaware.8  Margolis answered GMG’s 
complaint on September 17, 2021, and discovery ensued.  On March 22, 2022, 
Margolis moved for summary judgment on all of GMG’s claims.   
The Superior Court granted Margolis’s motion for summary judgment on 
April 10, 2023.9  As to the underlying allegations of negligence, the Superior Court 
held that Margolis did not breach the standard of care owed by a Delaware attorney 
in developing the factual record or in presenting GMG’s motion for summary 
judgment on Lyons’s tortious interference claim because GMG prevailed on all the 
other causes of action at the summary judgment stage.10  The court also found that 
the Wilson Affidavit was a superseding cause that broke the causal chain leading to 
the settlement of the Chancery Litigation.11 
 
8 Id. at B22 (Compl. ¶ 115). 
9 GMG Ins. Agency v. Margolis Edelstein, 2023 WL 2854760 (Del. Super. Apr. 10, 2023), 
reargument denied, 2023 WL 3522297 (Del. Super. May 17, 2023) [hereinafter “Superior Court 
Opinion”].  
10 Id. at *4.  
11 Id. 
9 
 
GMG appealed the Superior Court’s summary judgment decision on June 14, 
2023. 
II. 
STANDARD OF REVIEW 
We review the Superior Court’s decision on a motion for summary judgment 
de novo, applying the same standard as the trial court.12  That is, we must determine 
whether, considering the facts and inferences in the light most favorable to the non-
movant, any genuine issue of material fact existed for the jury to resolve.13 “[A] 
defendant moving for summary judgment has the burden of producing evidence of 
necessary certitude demonstrating that there is no genuine issue of fact relating to 
the question of negligence and that the proven facts preclude the conclusion of 
negligence on its part.”14  Material facts in genuine dispute that “may reasonably be 
resolved in favor of either party” require denial of summary judgment in order to be 
properly resolved by a jury.15  There is no absolute right to summary judgment.16  
 
12 See Paul v. Deloitte & Touche, LLP, 974 A.2d 140, 145 (Del. 2009) (citing Berns v. Doan, 961 
A.2d 506, 510 (Del. 2008)).  
13 See Jones v. Crawford, 1 A.3d 299, 301–02 (Del. 2010) (citing Williams v. Geier, 671 A.2d 
1368, 1375 (Del. 1996)); see also Ogden v. Gallagher, 591 A.2d 215, 221 (Del. 1991) (citing 
Benge v. Davis, 553 A.2d 1180, 1182 (Del. 1989)).   
14 Hazel v. Delaware Supermarkets, Inc., 953 A.2d 705, 709 (Del. 2008) (internal quotations and 
citation omitted). 
15 Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 250 (1986).   
16 See AeroGlobal Cap. Mgmt., LLC v. Cirrus Indus., Inc., 871 A.2d 428, 443 (Del. 2005) (citing 
Cross v. Hair, 258 A.2d 277, 278 (Del. 1969)). 
10 
 
III. 
ANALYSIS 
  To prevail on a claim of legal malpractice, a plaintiff must establish the 
following elements:  (i) the employment of the attorney; (ii) the attorney’s neglect 
of a professional obligation; and (iii) resulting loss.17  Regarding the last element, 
“the plaintiff must demonstrate that the underlying action would have been 
successful but for the attorney’s negligence.”18   
We conclude that the Superior Court erred in two ways.  First, the Superior 
Court erred in granting summary judgment in favor of Margolis because there are 
disputes of material fact as to whether Margolis’s representation of GMG in the 
Chancery Litigation breached the standard of care owed by Delaware attorneys.  
Second, the court erred by failing to address GMG’s contention that, but for 
Margolis’s alleged negligence, GMG would have prevailed on all claims in the Court 
of Chancery litigation.  Therefore, we reverse the Superior Court’s grant of summary 
judgment and remand for trial.      
A. There are genuine disputes of material fact as to whether GMG 
breached the standard of care in the Chancery Litigation.  
 
To prove negligence, GMG is required to establish by a preponderance of the 
evidence that Margolis failed to meet its legal standard of care and that Margolis’s 
 
17 See Flowers v. Ramunno, 27 A.3d 551, 2011 WL 3592966, at *2 (Del. Aug. 16, 2011) (TABLE) 
(citing Weaver v. Lukoff, 511 A.2d 1044, 1986 WL 17121, at *1 (Del. July 1, 1986) (TABLE)); 
see also Lorenzetti v. Enterline, 44 A.3d 922, 2012 WL 1383186, at *2 (Del. April 18, 2012) 
(TABLE) (citations omitted).  
18 Flowers, 2011 WL 3592966, at *2 (citation omitted).   
11 
 
misconduct proximately harmed GMG; “that is; [GMG] must prove the elements of 
duty, breach, causation, and harm.”19  “Trial judges generally will not grant summary 
judgment on negligence issues, but will submit those issues to the jury.”20   
In response to Margolis’s motion for summary judgment, GMG cited record 
evidence supporting its allegation that Margolis was negligent in its representation 
of GMG in the Chancery Litigation.21  GMG claimed that because Lyons’s tortious 
interference claim survived summary judgment in the Court of Chancery, GMG 
incurred significant damages in the form of fees and costs and the $1.2 million 
settlement, which, but for Margolis’s negligence, would not have been incurred.22  
And the Superior Court recognized GMG’s contention that, if Lyons’s tortious 
interference claim had not survived summary judgment in the Chancery Litigation, 
then GMG “would not have been in a position to be negatively affected by the 
Wilson Affidavit.”23  Yet the court did not squarely address this allegation.   
Instead, sidestepping the Court of Chancery’s acknowledgement of the 
potential effect of Margolis’s discovery deficiencies on the summary judgment 
 
19 Jones, 1 A.3d at 302 (citations omitted).  
20 Id. at 303 (citing Ebersole v. Lowengrub, 180 A.2d 467, 469 (1962)). 
21 See App. to Opening Br. at A83–85. 
22 See id. at A30 (Compl. ¶ 121) (“But for [Margolis’s] aforementioned deviations from the 
applicable standard of care, GMG would not have incurred significant money damages, including: 
a [$1.2 million] settlement payment for Lyons, $165,150.23 incurred in attorneys’ fees paid to 
[replacement counsel], and significant losses of revenue [in 2018][.]”).     
23 Superior Court Opinion at *3 (quoting A89) (cleaned up).  
12 
 
proceedings, the Superior Court pointed to Margolis’s success on the claims that 
were dismissed: 
There is no reason to conclude that [Margolis’s] actions 
breached the standard of care in developing the factual 
record, or when presenting the [Court of Chancery] 
[m]otion for [s]ummary [j]udgment on the tortious 
interference issue.  The Court of Chancery granted 
summary judgment in favor of [GMG] on the issues of 
aiding and abetting, unjust enrichment, and civil 
conspiracy.  This ruling alone evidences the competence 
and diligent representation of [GMG] by [Margolis] prior 
to termination.24 
 
 
Below, we explain why this holding was erroneous.  GMG proffered record 
evidence supporting a finding that Margolis breached the standard of care for a 
Delaware attorney during the Chancery Litigation in three ways:  (1) by failing to 
competently handle discovery and develop the record; (2) by failing to adequately 
brief and argue in favor of dismissing Lyons’s tortious interference claim; and (3) 
by simultaneously representing GMG and Wilson despite a potential conflict of 
interest.  We will address each category in turn.   
1. There is a genuine dispute of material fact as to whether 
Margolis breached the standard of care by failing to produce 
certain documents or adequately develop the record in the 
Chancery Litigation.  
 
GMG argues that Margolis committed malpractice by mishandling the 
discovery process, including by failing to develop the requisite factual record that 
 
24 Id. at *4.  
13 
 
would have allowed GMG to prevail at summary judgment on Lyons’s tortious 
interference claim in the Chancery Litigation.  GMG alleges that Margolis breached 
its duty of care by failing to produce critical documents in the early stages of the 
Chancery Litigation in 2017 (which were later produced by replacement counsel in 
2019), arguing that if Margolis had conducted discovery in the manner required, 
those documents would have been produced and the tortious interference claim 
would have been resolved in GMG’s favor on summary judgment.25   
When GMG’s replacement counsel produced the documents—including 
evidence suggesting that GMG had relied on advice of counsel in determining 
whether to hire Wilson in light of his non-compete agreement with Lyons26—Lyons 
filed a sanctions motion against GMG below for withholding evidence.  The Court 
of Chancery, which informed counsel that it would fashion a sanction against GMG 
after trial, discussed the importance of the information that GMG failed to produce:    
I don’t think this would have affected the [preliminary 
injunction motion].  It may have affected the summary 
 
25 See App. to Opening Br. at A29–30 (Compl. ¶ 118); see also Ch. Dkt. 145 at ¶ 1 (Lyons’s Motion 
for Sanctions).  
26 In its motion for sanctions, Lyons noted that in June 2019, “GMG produced (among other 
unrelated documents) introductory emails between GMG principal Charles Thomas and a 
Pennsylvania attorney, Douglas Maloney of Begley, Carlin & Mandio, LLP, dated October 27-28, 
2015” and that “[i]n the emails, Mr. Thomas transmits copies of Mr. Wilson’s Employment 
Agreement with Lyons and his prior USI contract, and explains:  ‘If we (GMG Insurance Agency) 
move forward and hire Mr. Wilson we would like your feedback to any restrictions that may be 
placed on us (or Mr. Wilson) from either of the above Agreements.  And, Mr. Wilson is considering 
what his position will be in regard to defending himself if he joins GMG and the litigation is still 
open; his employer verbally said they would cover this defense cost and have done so to date, but 
are they obligated to provide it if he resigns?’”  Ch. Dkt. 145 at ¶ 10 (Lyons’s Motion for Sanctions) 
(citations omitted).  
14 
 
judgment motion.  But let me turn to the substance of the 
motion here, which is that this information should have 
been produced.  It clearly should have been.  I mean, this 
is not an insignificant issue in this litigation.  You know, 
you can quibble about whether it’s central or goes to the 
heart of the case, but it is certainly an extraordinarily 
important thing if what is being litigated is whether an 
employee has breached his employment contract and 
whether his current employer tortiously interfered with the 
contract.  It’s extraordinarily important to know what the 
relationship was between that new employer and the 
former employee.  Certainly, a lot of things are possible, 
including that this was inadvertent, but at any rate, it 
should have been produced.27   
 
This supports an inference that Margolis’s actions did not meet the requisite standard 
of care owed by a Delaware attorney. And Margolis’s internal communications 
suggest that the delayed production was attributable solely to its own failures and 
not to GMG.28  GMG further alleges that during the course of the discovery process, 
independent of the document production, Margolis’s attorneys failed to ask GMG’s 
principals “if they consulted with an attorney prior to GMG’s hiring of Wilson, and 
 
27 Ch. Dkt. 158 at 26:16–27:9 (Motion for Sanctions Hrg. Tr.) (emphasis added). 
28 See, e.g., App. to Answering Br. at B50 (Compl., Ex. 2) (April 6, 2017 Email between Margolis 
Attorneys) (“[Lyons’s counsel] are probably correct that we are using an obsolete tool to do this 
discovery.  In truth, we are ill-equipped to engage in this sort of litigation.  I have been smoke and 
mirroring it in our D&O cases to date.”); id. at B53 (Compl., Ex. 3) (April 26, 2017 Email between 
Margolis Attorneys) (“Over the last few weeks, it has become clear to me that I am wholly 
inexperienced with how to handle litigation in [the Court of Chancery].  I was unaware of 
Delaware’s comprehensive e-discovery requirements and initially treated discovery as I would in 
a [Pennsylvania or New Jersey] case[.] . . . [I]t has become clear to me that it is expected of those 
litigating in Delaware to produce documents and information in a manner that I am not familiar 
with.  As a result of this late discovery, and as you know, we are severely behind the [eight]-ball 
in discovery.  Opposing counsel is threatening to seek an adverse inference if we do not complete 
document production this week, which is next to impossible. . . . I believe this case is winnable for 
us, but I am concerned that we will be at a deficit if we cannot remedy these discovery issues.”).  
15 
 
specifically any discussions about whether the hiring would violate” the non-
compete agreement.29 
The record permits other inferences, including that Margolis’s representation 
satisfied the standard of care.  For its part, Margolis asserts that it “fulfilled its 
discovery obligations to produce all responsive and non-privileged documents 
provided by GMG[]” and that, in any case, “any deficiency” did not “proximately 
cause[] any harm as alleged by GMG.”30  Margolis also vigorously contests that it 
did not speak with GMG’s principals about whether they consulted counsel 
regarding Wilson’s hiring.31  But these disputed facts and the inferences to be drawn 
from them are not ones that can be resolved as a matter of law under Superior Court 
Civil Rule 56.   
2. There is a genuine dispute of material fact as to whether 
Margolis breached the standard of care owed by a Delaware 
attorney by failing to adequately brief the tortious 
interference claim in GMG’s motion for summary judgment 
in the Chancery Litigation.  
GMG also alleges that Margolis’s failures in GMG’s summary judgment 
briefing in the Chancery Litigation constituted legal malpractice.  It alleges that 
 
29 Id. at B10 (Compl. ¶ 48).  
30 Id. at B232 (Answer ¶ 118(d)). 
31 See, e.g., id. at B210 (Answer ¶ 48) (“Margolis attorney Miller asked GMG’s principals about 
attorney review, and asked what due diligence GMG did prior to hiring Wilson.  In addition, on 
March 1, 2017, [Margolis counsel] requested, inter alia, ‘Any documents or communications 
addressing the Lyons non-compete and what internal controls were in place (if any) to ensure it 
was abided by;’ [which] would necessarily include any communications with counsel concerning 
the Lyons non-compete prior to hiring Wilson; yet GMG responded ‘No documentation.’”).  
16 
 
Margolis did not meet the standard of care in two ways:  (1) by failing to discuss the 
factual record and the legal elements of the tortious interference claim in any 
meaningful way; and (2) by failing to develop and raise an advice-of-counsel defense 
as to the tortious interference claim.  
As GMG points out, the summary judgment briefing Margolis authored on 
Lyons’s tortious interference claim in the Chancery Litigation is cursory at best.  The 
analysis as to tortious interference is conclusory or non-existent.32 The briefing 
likewise does not describe the relevant facts related to Lyons’s tortious interference 
claim.  Nor does it raise an advice-of-counsel defense, which GMG contends would 
have been “critical” in defeating the tortious interference claim, “as it could be used 
to help demonstrate that GMG did not have an improper motive in hiring Wilson, 
since all other available evidence demonstrated that GMG always was intent on 
making sure that Wilson complied with the terms of the Lyons [non-compete] 
[a]greement.”33   
Margolis claims that such record development would not be as consequential 
as GMG suggests.  First, Margolis disputes that GMG’s receipt of legal advice was 
critical, “particularly where the advice itself was never revealed.”34  It also disputes 
 
32 See Ch. Dkt. 123 at 37 (stating in one conclusory sentence why Lyons’s claim for tortious 
interference fails); see also Ch. Dkt. 125 at 35 (same); Ch. Dkt. 128 (not addressing the tortious 
interference claim).  
33 App. to Answering Br. at B11 (Compl. ¶ 57). 
34 Id. at B214 (Answer ¶ 57). 
17 
 
that testimony from the attorney who consulted with GMG’s principals would have 
been “highly probative” or helpful in any way to GMG.35  But these disputed facts 
and inferences about whether Margolis satisfied the standard of care owed by 
Delaware attorneys were not ones that the Superior Court could resolve at the 
summary judgment stage.  
3. There is a genuine dispute of material fact as to whether 
Margolis breached the standard of care owed by a Delaware 
attorney by simultaneously representing GMG and Wilson.  
GMG also contends that Margolis committed malpractice by simultaneously 
representing GMG and Wilson in the Chancery Litigation despite a potential conflict 
of interest.  According to GMG, Margolis:   
Fail[ed] to advise GMG that it was inappropriate and 
unwise for Margolis to represent both GMG and Wilson 
in the [Chancery Litigation] and to obtain their written 
informed consent before doing so if GMG chose to agree 
to joint representation, as required by Rule 1.7(b)(4) of the 
Delaware Lawyers’ Rules of Professional Conduct.36  
 
GMG claims that “[u]pon viewing Lyons’ allegations” in the Chancery Litigation, 
“it should have been readily apparent to [Margolis] that there was a significant 
possibility that Wilson was in breach of the [non-compete] [a]greement,” which 
GMG argues was a circumstance “directly contrary to its interests.”37  Additionally, 
 
35 Id. at B213 (Answer ¶ 56).  
36 See id. at B23 (Compl. ¶ 118(a)); see also id. at B9 (Compl. ¶ 48). 
37 Id. at B7 (Compl. ¶ 37). 
18 
 
the dual representation allegedly “forestalled [Margolis] from rendering effective 
legal advice to GMG[,]” “such as[] . . . whether it was advantageous for GMG to 
terminate Wilson once the lawsuit had been filed, or at any time subsequent during 
the pendency of the litigation.”38  
Margolis disputes that its representation of both GMG and Wilson was 
problematic.  It argues that at the time, “their interests appeared to be completely 
aligned.”39  Margolis also argues that GMG “fails to explain how it was harmed by 
Margolis’s joint representation of GMG with its employee Wilson, whom it wanted 
to keep in its employ[].”40  This factual disagreement likewise cannot be resolved at 
the summary judgment stage.   
In sum, when the evidence is viewed in the light most favorable to GMG, a 
reasonable juror could conclude that Margolis breached the standard of care owed 
by a Delaware attorney while representing GMG in the Chancery Litigation.  
Because the factual record and the reasonable inferences to be drawn from it could 
support a finding in GMG’s favor on its allegations of negligence, the Superior Court 
erred in granting summary judgment in favor of Margolis. 
 
 
 
38 Id. at B8 (Compl. ¶ 38).  
39 Id. at B232 (Answer ¶ 118(a)). 
40 Answering Br. at 42.  
19 
 
B. The Superior Court’s failure to address GMG’s claim that 
Margolis’s negligence allowed Lyons’s tortious interference 
claim to survive GMG’s summary judgment motion in the 
Chancery Litigation was reversible error.  
 
The Superior Court also erred by failing to address GMG’s contention that, 
but for Margolis’s negligence, none of Lyons’s claims would have survived GMG’s 
summary judgment motion in the Chancery Litigation.  If that claim has merit, then 
it seems that GMG would have a viable claim for damages given that it incurred 
considerable fees and costs and paid to settle the case after the Court of Chancery 
denied its motion as to its tortious interference claim, thus keeping the Chancery 
Litigation alive.41  Instead of squarely addressing GMG’s claim, the Superior Court 
found that the Wilson Affidavit was a superseding cause that broke the chain of 
causation between Margolis’s alleged negligence and the damages that GMG 
allegedly incurred:  
[T]he undisputed evidence demonstrates that settlement 
would not have occurred at the time it did, or in the agreed 
amount, but for the Wilson Affidavit.  The evidence [i]n 
the record does not show that [Margolis] could reasonably 
foresee—twenty months before the execution of the 
Wilson Affidavit—that Wilson would perjure himself by 
changing his prior sworn testimony with the Wilson 
Affidavit.42 
 
 
41 See Chancery Opinion at *8.  
42 Superior Court Opinion at *4.  
20 
 
If, however, GMG had prevailed entirely at the summary judgment stage in the Court 
of Chancery, the litigation would have ended there, and the Wilson Affidavit, if it 
would have ever seen the light of day, would have been academic.  As a practical 
matter, there would no longer have been a “cause” for the Wilson Affidavit to 
supersede.43   
IV. 
CONCLUSION 
For the foregoing reasons, the Superior Court erred in granting Margolis 
Edelstein’s motion for summary judgment.  We therefore REVERSE the judgment 
of the Superior Court.  We REMAND this case to the Superior Court for further 
proceedings consistent with this Opinion.  Jurisdiction is not retained. 
 
43 Without factual determinations as to Margolis’s negligence and the harm, if any, caused by it, it 
would be premature to review the Superior Court’s superseding cause analysis.  Other than to 
observe—as the Superior Court noted—that whether a cause is superseding is typically a factual 
question, we reserve comment on this issue.