Title: In Re: Standard Jury Instructions in Criminal Cases
Citation: N/A
Docket Number: SC14-2507
State: Florida
Issuer: Florida Supreme Court
Date: October 8, 2015

Supreme Court of Florida 
 
 
____________ 
 
No. SC14-2507 
____________ 
 
 
IN RE:  STANDARD JURY INSTRUCTIONS IN CRIMINAL CASES—
REPORT NO. 2014-08. 
 
[October 8, 2015] 
 
PER CURIAM. 
 
The Supreme Court Committee on Standard Jury Instructions in Criminal 
Cases (Committee) has submitted proposed changes to the standard jury 
instructions and asks that the Court authorize the amended standard instructions for 
publication and use.  We have jurisdiction.  See art. V, § 2(a), Fla. Const. 
 
The Committee proposes amending the following existing standard criminal 
jury instructions:  7.9 (Vehicular or Vessel Homicide); 11.10(f) (Lewd or 
Lascivious Exhibition Over Computer Service); 11.10(g) (Lewd or Lascivious 
Exhibition by a Detainee in the Presence of an Employee of a Facility); 13.1 
(Burglary); 14.9 (Exploitation of [an Elderly Person] [a Disabled Adult]); 20.15 
(Fraudulent Use of Personal Identification Information of a Minor); 20.16 
(Fraudulent Use of Personal Identification Information of a Minor by a Parent or 
 
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Guardian); 22.5 (Setting Up, Promoting, Conducting a Lottery); 22.6 (Disposing of 
Money, Property by Lottery); 22.7 (Conducting a Lottery Drawing); 22.8 
(Assisting in Lottery); 22.9 (Selling Lottery Tickets); 22.10 (Possessing a Lottery 
Ticket); 22.11 (Possessing Rundown Sheets, Etc.); 23.8 (Selling a Minor into 
Prostitution by a [Parent] [Legal Guardian] [Person with Control of the Minor]); 
29.24 (Human Trafficking); and 29.25 (Human Trafficking by a [Parent] [Legal 
Guardian] [Person with Control] of a Minor).  The Committee also proposes the 
following new jury instruction:  20.21 (Fraudulent Use of Personal Identification 
Information of a [Disabled Adult] [Public Servant] [Veteran] [First Responder] 
[State Employee] [Federal Employee]).  The Committee published its proposals in 
The Florida Bar News.  Four comments were received by the Committee.  The 
Court did not publish the proposals after they were filed. 
 
Having considered the Committee’s report, the comments submitted to the 
Committee, and the Committee’s response to the Court’s request for additional 
information, we amend the standard jury instructions as proposed by the 
Committee, with one modification discussed below, and authorize them for 
publication and use. 
Section 782.071, Florida Statutes (2014), defines the offense of Vehicular 
Homicide, while section 782.072, Florida Statutes (2014), defines the offense of 
Vessel Homicide.  Element 1 of instruction 7.9 differentiates between the two 
 
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offenses consistent with the applicable statute.  Because Vessel Homicide does not 
specifically provide for a separate offense for death of an unborn child, section 
775.021(5),1 newly enacted during the 2014 legislative session, see ch. 2014-194, 
§ 2, Laws of Fla., operates to include death of an unborn child as part of the 
offense of Vessel Homicide.  Vehicular Homicide, on the other hand, includes 
death of an unborn child by any injury to the mother as part of the offense.  Death 
of an unborn child is therefore applicable to both Vessel Homicide and Vehicular 
Homicide, and the italicized note in instruction 7.9 to the contrary is deleted.   
 
We also note the following more significant changes to the jury instructions 
as amended.  First, regarding the lottery instructions, i.e., 22.5, 22.6, 22.7, 22.8, 
22.9, 22.10, and 22.11, a citation to the case that sets out the three elements 
defining “lottery,” Little River Theatre Corp. v. State, 185 So. 855 (Fla. 1939), is 
added.  In addition, the definition of “lottery” is simplified to only include the three 
elements already set out in the instructions.  Also defined are the term and phrases 
                                          
 
1.  Section 775.021(5) provides as follows: 
Whoever commits an act that violates a provision of this code or 
commits a criminal offense defined by another statute and thereby 
causes the death of, or bodily injury to, an unborn child commits a 
separate offense if the provision or statute does not otherwise 
specifically provide a separate offense for such death or injury to 
an unborn child. 
 
§ 775.021(5), Fla. Stat. (2014).   
 
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“bet,” “thing ventured,” and “prize by lot or chance.”  The portion of the definition 
defining “lottery” as follows is deleted: “is a game of chance in which smaller 
sums of money or things of smaller value are risked for the chance of getting 
money or property of greater value upon the happening of an uncertain event.”  
Next, instruction 23.8 (Selling a Minor into Prostitution by a [Parent] [Legal 
Guardian] [Person with Control of the Minor]) is removed.  Finally, regarding the 
human trafficking instruction, 29.24, “use of coercion” is moved from the 
definition section to element two of the offense, where “use of coercion” is 
applicable to establishing the offense of “human trafficking.”    
The new and amended criminal jury instructions, as set forth in the appendix 
to this opinion, are hereby authorized for publication and use.2  New language is 
indicated by underscoring, and deleted language is indicated by struck-through 
type.  In authorizing the publication and use of these instructions, we express no 
opinion on their correctness and remind all interested parties that this authorization 
forecloses neither requesting additional or alternative instructions nor contesting 
the legal correctness of the instructions.  We further caution all interested parties 
                                          
 
 
2.  The amendments as reflected in the appendix are to the Criminal Jury 
Instructions as they appear on the Court’s website at www.floridasupremecourt.org 
/jury_instructions/instructions.shtml.  We recognize that there may be minor 
discrepancies between the instructions as they appear on the website and the 
published versions of the instructions.  Any discrepancies as to instructions 
authorized for publication and use after October 25, 2007, should be resolved by 
reference to the published opinion of this Court authorizing the instruction. 
 
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that any comments associated with the instructions reflect only the opinion of the 
Committee and are not necessarily indicative of the views of this Court as to their 
correctness or applicability.  The instructions as set forth in the appendix shall be 
effective when this opinion becomes final. 
 
It is so ordered. 
LABARGA, C.J., and PARIENTE, LEWIS, QUINCE, CANADY, POLSTON, 
and PERRY, JJ., concur. 
 
NOT FINAL UNTIL TIME EXPIRES TO FILE REHEARING MOTION, AND 
IF FILED, DETERMINED. 
 
Original Proceeding – Supreme Court Committee on Standard Jury Instructions in 
Criminal Cases  
 
Judge Jerri Lynn Collins, Chair, Supreme Court Committee on Standard Jury 
Instructions in Criminal Cases, Sanford, Florida; and Bart Neil Schneider, Staff 
Liaison, Office of the State Courts Administrator, Tallahassee, Florida, 
 
for Petitioner 
 
 
 
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APPENDIX 
 
7.9 VEHICULAR OR VESSEL HOMICIDE 
§ 782.071 or § 782.072, Fla. Stat. 
 
To prove the crime of [Vehicular] [Vessel] Homicide, the State must 
prove more than a failure to use ordinary care, and must prove the following 
three elements beyond a reasonable doubt: 
 
Give 1a, 1b, or 1c as applicable. Element 1a applies to either Vehicular 
Homicide or Vessel Homicide. Element 1b applies to Vehicular Homicide only. 
Element 1c applies to Vessel Homicide only. See § 775.021(5), Fla. Stat. 
1. 
a.  (Victim) is dead. 
 
b.  An unborn child is dead by injury to the mother. 
 
c.  An unborn child is dead. 
 
2. 
The death was caused by the operation of a [motor vehicle] 
[vessel] by (defendant). 
 
3. 
(Defendant) operated the [motor vehicle] [vessel] in a reckless 
manner likely to cause the death of or great bodily harm to 
another person. 
 
An intent by the defendant to harm or injure the victim or any other 
person is not an element to be proved by the State. The State does not have to 
prove the defendant intended to harm or injure anyone. However, the reckless 
operation of a [motor vehicle] [vessel] requires the State to prove more than a 
failure to use ordinary care. A “reckless manner” means in willful or wanton 
disregard for the safety of persons or property.  
 
Enhanced penalty.  § 782.071(1)(b) or § 782.072(2), Fla. Stat.  Give if 
applicable. 
If you find the defendant guilty of [vVehicular] [vVessel] hHomicide, 
you must then determine whether the State has further proved beyond a 
reasonable doubt that: 
 
 
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1. 
At the time of the accident, (defendant) knew, or should have 
known, that the accident occurred; and 
 
2. 
(Defendant) failed to give information and render aid as required 
by law.  (Read applicable portion of § 316.062, Fla. Stat., as charged 
in information or indictment.)  
 
However, the State is not required to prove (defendant) knew that the 
accident resulted in injury or death. 
 
Definitions. 
Give if applicable. § 782.071(2), Fla. Stat.  Applicable only to Vehicular 
Homicide. 
“Victim” includes a human being or a viable fetus which is killed as a 
result of any injury to the mother.  A fetus is viable when it becomes capable 
of meaningful life outside the womb through standard medical measures. An 
“unborn child” means a member of the species homo sapiens, at any stage of 
development, who is carried in the womb. 
 
§ 327.02(39) Fla. Stat.  Applicable only to Vessel Homicide. 
“Vessel” is synonymous with boat and includes every description of 
watercraft, barge, and airboat, other than a seaplane on the water, used or 
capable of being used as a means of transportation on water. 
 
Lesser Included Offenses 
 
VEHICULAR OR VESSEL HOMICIDE – 782.071 or 782.072 
CATEGORY ONE 
CATEGORY TWO 
FLA. STAT. 
INS. NO. 
Reckless driving  
 
316.192 
28.5 
Reckless or careless 
operation of vessel 
 
327.33 
 
 
Culpable negligence  
784.05(2) 
8.9 
 
Culpable negligence 
784.05(1) 
8.9 
 
Comments 
 
Culpable negligence is a Category Two lesser included offense of both 
vehicular and vessel homicide. 
 
 
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This instruction was adopted in 1981 and amended in 1989, 2006 [946 So. 
2d 1061], and 2008 [994 So. 2d 1038], and 2015. 
 
11.10(f) LEWD OR LASCIVIOUS EXHIBITION 
OVER COMPUTER SERVICE 
§ 847.0135(5), Fla. Stat. 
 
To prove the crime of Lewd or Lascivious Exhibition over a Computer 
Online Service, the State must prove the following four elements beyond a 
reasonable doubt: 
 
 
 
Give 1a, 1b, and/or 1c as applicable.  
1.  
a. 
[(Defendant) intentionally masturbated]. 
 
b. 
[(Defendant) intentionally exposed [his] [her] genitals in a 
lewd or lascivious manner]. 
 
c. 
[(Defendant) committed [a sexual act] [sadomasochistic 
abuse] [sexual bestiality] [simulation of any act involving 
sexual activity] that did not involve actual physical or sexual 
contact with (victim)]. 
 
2. 
The act was committed live over a [computer on-line service] 
[internet service] [local bulletin board service]. 
 
3. 
At the time of the offense, (Vvictim) was under the age of 16 years  
 
 
 
or 
 
(Defendant) [knew] [should have known] [had reason to believe] 
that the transmission was viewed on a computer or television 
monitor by a victim in this state who was under the age of 16 
years at the time of the offense. 
 
 
Give 4a or 4b as applicable. 
4. 
a.  
(Defendant) was 18 years of age or older at the time of the 
offense. 
 
 
b.  
(Defendant) was less than 18 years of age at the time of the 
offense. 
 
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Definitions. 
The words “lewd” and “lascivious” mean the same thing: and mean a 
wicked, lustful, unchaste, licentious, or sensual intent on the part of the person 
doing an act. 
 
§800.04(1)(a), Fla. Stat. 
“Sexual activity” means the oral, anal, or vaginal penetration by, or 
union with, the sexual organ of another or the anal or vaginal penetration of 
another by any other object; however, sexual activity does not include an act 
done for a bona fide medical purpose. 
 
Lakey v. State, 113 So. 3d 90 (Fla. 5th DCA 2013). 
The definition of “an object” includes a finger.  
 
§847.001(13), Fla. Stat. 
“Sadomasochistic abuse” means flagellation or torture by or upon a 
person or animal, or the condition of being fettered, bound, or otherwise 
physically restrained, for the purpose of deriving sexual satisfaction, or 
satisfaction brought about as a result of sadistic violence, from inflicting harm 
on another or receiving such harm oneself. 
 
 
 
§847.001(15), Fla. Stat. 
 
 “Sexual bestiality” means any sexual act, actual or simulated, between 
a person and an animal involving the sex organ of the one and the mouth, 
anus, or vagina of the other. 
  
§ 800.04(2), Fla. Stat. 
Neither (victim’s) lack of chastity nor (victim’s) consent is a defense to 
the crime charged. 
 
§ 800.04(3), Fla. Stat. 
The defendant’s ignorance of the (victim’s) age, (victim’s) 
misrepresentation of [his] [her] age, or the defendant’s bona fide belief of 
(victim’s) age is not a defense to the crime charged. 
 
The fact that an undercover operative or law enforcement officer was 
involved in the detection and investigation of an offense is not a defense to the 
crime charged. 
 
 
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Lesser Included Offenses 
 
LEWD OR LASCIVIOUS EXHIBITION OVER COMPUTER SERVICE, 
DEFENDANT 18 YEARS OF AGE OR OLDER — 847.0135(5)(b) 
CATEGORY ONE 
CATEGORY TWO 
FLA. STAT. 
INS. NO. 
None Lewd or 
Lascivious Exhibition 
over Computer Service, 
Defendant less than 18 
years of age 
 
847.0135(5)(c) 11.10(f) 
 
Attempt 
777.04(1) 
5.1 
 
Comment 
 
 
This instruction was adopted in 2008 [998 So. 2d 1138] and amended in 
2015. For offenses occurring prior to October 1, 2008, refer to section 
800.04(7)(b), Florida Statutes (2007).  
 
11.10(g) LEWD OR LASCIVIOUS EXHIBITION BY A DETAINEE 
IN THE PRESENCE OF AN EMPLOYEE OF A FACILITY   
§ 800.09, Fla. Stat. 
 
 
To prove the crime of Lewd or Lascivious Exhibition by a Detainee in 
the Presence of an Employee of a Facility, the State must prove the following 
three elements beyond a reasonable doubt: 
 
1. 
(Defendant) was detained in a [state correctional institution] 
[private correctional facility].  
 
2. 
While detained, (defendant) intentionally   
 
 
Give as applicable. 
a. 
masturbated. 
 
b. 
exposed [his] [her] genitals in a lewd or lascivious manner. 
 
 
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c. 
committed [a sexual act] [sadomasochistic abuse] [sexual 
bestiality] [the simulation of any act involving sexual 
activity] that did not involve actual physical or sexual 
contact with a victim. 
 
3. 
(Defendant’s) act was intentionally committed in the presence of a    
person [he] [she] knew or reasonably should have known was an 
employee of the [institution] [facility]. 
Definitions. Give as applicable. 
 
§ 944.02(8), Fla. Stat. 
A “state correctional institution” is any prison, road camp, prison 
industry, prison forestry camp, or any prison camp or prison farm or other 
correctional facility, temporary or permanent, in which prisoners are housed, 
worked, or maintained, under the custody and jurisdiction of the Department 
of Corrections.  
 
 
§ 944.710(3), Fla. Stat. 
A “private correctional facility” is any facility, which is not operated by 
the Department of Corrections, for the incarceration of adults or juveniles 
who have been sentenced by a court and committed to the custody of the 
Department of Corrections.   
 
 
§ 800.09(1)(a), Fla. Stat. 
“Employee” means any person employed by or performing contractual 
services for a public or private entity operating a state correctional institution 
or a private correctional facility or any person employed by or performing 
contractual services for the corporation operating the prison industry 
enhancement programs [or the correctional work programs under part II of 
chapter 946]. [The term also includes any person who is a parole examiner 
with the Parole Commission.]   
 
 
The words “lewd” and “lascivious” mean the same thing: a wicked, 
lustful, unchaste, licentious, or sensual intent on the part of the person doing 
an act. 
 
 
§ 800.04(1)(a), Fla. Stat. 
 
“Sexual activity” means the oral, anal, or vaginal penetration by, or 
union with, the sexual organ of another or the anal or vaginal penetration of 
 
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another by any other object; however, sexual activity does not include an act 
done for a bona fide medical purpose. 
 
Lakey v. State, 113 So. 3d 90 (Fla. 5th DCA 2013). 
The definition of “an object” includes a finger.  
 
 
§ 847.001(13), Fla. Stat. 
 
“Sadomasochistic abuse” means flagellation or torture by or upon a 
person or animal, or the condition of being fettered, bound, or otherwise 
physically restrained, for the purpose of deriving sexual satisfaction, or 
satisfaction brought about as a result of sadistic violence, from inflicting harm 
on another or receiving such harm oneself. 
 
 
§ 847.001(15), Fla. Stat. 
 
“Sexual bestiality” means any sexual act, actual or simulated, between a 
person and an animal involving the sex organ of the one and the mouth, anus, 
or vagina of the other. 
 
 
§ 800.04(1)(d), Fla. Stat. 
 
“Victim” means a person upon whom the acts described above was 
committed or attempted or a person who has reported these acts to a law 
enforcement officer.   
 
 
See State v. Werner, 609 So.2d 585 (Fla. 1992). 
 
“In the presence of” means that a victim saw, heard, or otherwise 
sensed that the act was taking place. 
 
 
 
§ 800.04(2), Fla. Stat. 
 
Neither a victim’s lack of chastity nor a victim’s consent is a defense to 
the crime charged. 
 
Lesser Included Offenses 
 
LEWD OR LASCIVIOUS EXHIBITION BY A DETAINEE IN THE 
PRESENCE OF AN EMPLOYEE OF A FACILITY—800.09 
CATEGORY ONE 
CATEGORY TWO 
FLA. STAT. 
INS. NO. 
None 
 
 
 
 
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Attempt 
777.04(1) 
5.1 
 
Unnatural and lascivious 
act 
800.02 
11.8 
 
Comment 
 
 
This instruction was adopted in 2013 [131 So. 3d 720] and amended in 2015. 
 
13.1 BURGLARY 
§ 810.02, Fla. Stat. 
 
 
Give if the information or indictment charges entering with the intent to 
commit an offense: 
 
To prove the crime of Burglary, the State must prove the following 
[two] [three] elements beyond a reasonable doubt: 
 
1. 
(Defendant) entered a [structure] [conveyance] owned by or in the 
possession of (person alleged). 
 
2. 
At the time of entering the [structure] [conveyance], (defendant) 
had the intent to commit [(the crime alleged)] [an offense other 
than burglary or trespass] in that [structure] [conveyance]. 
 
The offense intended cannot be trespass or burglary. 
 
Give element 3 only if defendant meets his or her burden of production that 
he or she had an invitation or license to enter, or that the premises were open to 
the public.  See State v. Hicks, 421 So. 2d 510 (Fla. 1982), and State v. Waters, 436 
So. 2d 66 (Fla. 1983). 
 
3. 
[(Defendant) was not [licensed] [invited] to enter the [structure] 
[conveyance].]  [The premises were not open to the public at the 
time of the entering.]  
 
 
Give if applicable. 
If the [license] [invitation] to enter was obtained by (defendant’s) trick or 
fraud or deceit, then the [license] [invitation] to enter was not valid.  
 
 
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Give if applicable. 
If (defendant) entered premises that were open to the public, but then 
entered an area of the premises that [he] [she] knew or should have known 
was not open to the public, (defendant) committed a burglary if [he] [she] 
entered that non-public area with the intent to commit [(the crime alleged)]   
[an offense other than burglary or trespass] in that non-public area. 
 
Give if applicable.  § 810.07 Fla. Stat. 
You may infer that (defendant) had the intent to commit a crime inside a 
[structure] [conveyance] if the [entering] [attempted entering] of the 
[structure] [conveyance] was done stealthily and without the consent of the 
owner or occupant. 
 
Give if applicable. 
The entry necessary need not be the whole body of the defendant. It is 
sufficient if the defendant, with the intent to commit a crime, extends any part 
of [his] [her] body into the [structure] [conveyance].  
 
Give if the information or indictment charges remaining with the intent to 
commit an offense:  
To prove the crime of Burglary, the State must prove the following two 
elements beyond a reasonable doubt: 
 
1. 
(Defendant) had permission or consent to enter a [structure] 
[conveyance] owned by or in the possession of (person alleged). 
 
2. 
(Defendant), after entering the [structure] [conveyance], remained 
therein 
 
Give 2a, 2b, or 2c as applicable. 
a. 
surreptitiously and with the intent to commit [(the crime 
alleged)] [an offense other than burglary or trespass] inside 
the [structure] [conveyance]. 
 
b. 
after permission to remain had been withdrawn and with 
the intent to commit [(the crime alleged)] [an offense other 
than burglary or trespass] inside the [structure] 
[conveyance]. 
 
 
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c. 
with the intent to commit or attempt to commit a [forcible 
felony] [(the forcible felony alleged)] inside the [structure] 
[conveyance].  
 
The offense intended cannot be trespass or burglary. Forcible felonies are 
listed in § 776.08 Fla. Stat. 
 
Proof of intent. 
The intent with which an act is done is an operation of the mind and, 
therefore, is not always capable of direct and positive proof.  It may be 
established by circumstantial evidence like any other fact in a case. 
 
 
Even though an unlawful [entering] [remaining in] a [structure] 
[conveyance] is proved, if the evidence does not establish that it was done with 
the intent to commit [(the crime alleged)] [an offense other than burglary or 
trespass], the defendant must be found not guilty of burglary. 
 
Proof of possession of stolen property. 
Proof of possession by an accused of property recently stolen by means 
of a burglary, unless satisfactorily explained, may justify a conviction of 
burglary if the circumstances of the burglary and of the possession of the 
stolen property convince you beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant 
committed the burglary. 
 
Definitions; give as applicable. 
§ 810.011(1), Fla. Stat. 
 
“Structure” means any building of any kind, either temporary or 
permanent, that has a roof over it, and the enclosed space of ground and 
outbuildings immediately surrounding that structure. 
 
§ 810.011(3), Fla. Stat. 
“Conveyance” means any motor vehicle, ship, vessel, railroad car, 
trailer, aircraft or sleeping car; and to enter a conveyance includes taking 
apart any portion of the conveyance. 
 
 
Burglary enhancements: 
With an assault. 
 
If you find (defendant) guilty of burglary, you must also determine if the 
State has proved beyond a reasonable doubt whether, in the course of 
committing the burglary, (defendant) assaulted any person.  An assault is an 
 
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intentional and unlawful threat, either by word or act, to do violence to 
another, at a time when the defendant appeared to have the ability to carry 
out the threat and [his] [her] act created a well-founded fear in the other 
person that the violence was about to take place. 
  
With a battery. 
 
If you find (defendant) guilty of burglary, you must also determine if the 
State has proved beyond a reasonable doubt whether, in the course of 
committing the burglary, (defendant) battered any person.  A battery is an 
actual and intentional touching or striking of another person against that 
person’s will or the intentional causing of bodily harm to another person. 
 
 
While armed. 
 
If you find (defendant) guilty of burglary, you must also determine if the 
State has proved beyond a reasonable doubt whether, in the course of 
committing the burglary, (defendant) was armed or armed [himself] [herself] 
within the [structure] [conveyance] with [explosives] [a dangerous weapon]. 
 
 
Definitions.  Give as applicable.  § 790.001(5), Fla. Stat.  See exceptions in 
§ 790.001(5)(a)–(d), Fla. Stat. 
 
 “Explosive” means any chemical compound or mixture that has the 
property of yielding readily to combustion or oxidation upon application of 
heat, flame, or shock, including but not limited to dynamite, nitroglycerin, 
trinitrotoluene, or ammonium nitrate when combined with other ingredients 
to form an explosive mixture, blasting caps, and detonators. 
 
 
A “dangerous weapon” is any weapon that, taking into account the 
manner in which it is used, is likely to produce death or great bodily harm.  It 
is not necessary for the State to prove that the defendant intended to use or 
was willing to use the weapon in furtherance of the burglary in order for a 
weapon to constitute a “dangerous weapon.”  
 
 
To “arm” oneself during the course of a burglary includes possessing a 
firearm, whether loaded with ammunition or not, at any time during the 
course of committing the burglary. 
 
 
Structure or conveyance is a dwelling. 
 
If you find (defendant) guilty of burglary, you must also determine if the 
State has proved beyond a reasonable doubt whether the [structure] 
[conveyance] [entered] [remained in] was a dwelling. 
 
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Definition.  Give as applicable.  
 
“Dwelling” means a building [or conveyance] of any kind, whether such 
building [or conveyance] is temporary or permanent, mobile or immobile, 
which has a roof over it and is designed to be occupied by people lodging 
therein at night, together with the enclosed space of ground and outbuildings 
immediately surrounding it.  For purposes of burglary, a “dwelling” includes 
an attached porch or attached garage. 
 
Human being in structure or conveyance. 
 
If you find (defendant) guilty of burglary, you must also determine if the 
State has proved beyond a reasonable doubt whether, in the course of 
committing the burglary, there was another human being in the [structure] 
[conveyance], at the time [he] [she] [entered] [remained in] the [structure] 
[conveyance].  
 
 
Offense intended is theft of a controlled substance. 
 
If you find (defendant) guilty of burglary, you must also determine 
whether the State has proved beyond a reasonable doubt that the offense 
intended to be committed therein was theft of a controlled substance. 
Pursuant to Florida law, (name of controlled substance) is a controlled 
substance. A theft occurs when a person knowingly and unlawfully obtains or 
uses or endeavors to obtain or use the property of the victim and does so with 
the intent to, either temporarily or permanently, deprive the victim of his or 
her right to the property or any benefit from it or to appropriate the property 
of the victim to his or her own use or to the use of any person not entitled to it. 
 
 
Traveling from county of residence into another county with intent to commit 
a burglary and with purpose to thwart law enforcement efforts to track stolen 
property. § 843.22, Fla. Stat. 
 
If you find (defendant) guilty of [Burglary] [Attempted Burglary] 
[Solicitation to Commit Burglary] [Conspiracy to Commit Burglary], you 
must also determine whether the State proved beyond a reasonable doubt 
that: 
 
1. 
(Defendant) had a county of residence within Florida; and 
 
2. 
(Defendant) travelled any distance with the intent to commit a 
burglary in a county in Florida other than [his] [her] county of 
residence; and   
 
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3. 
The purpose of (defendant’s) travel was to thwart law enforcement 
attempts to track items stolen in the burglary.  
 
 
“County of residence” means the county within this state in which a 
person resides.  
 
Evidence of a person’s county of residence includes, but is not limited 
to: 
1. 
The address on a person’s driver license or state identification 
card; 
 
2. 
Records of real property or mobile home ownership; 
 
3. 
Records of a lease agreement for residential property; 
 
4. 
The county in which a person’s motor vehicle is registered; 
 
5. 
The county in which a person is enrolled in an educational 
institution;  
 
6. 
The county in which a person is employed. 
 
Dwelling or structure with use of motor vehicle or damage. 
 
If you find (defendant) guilty of burglary, you must also determine if the 
State has proved beyond a reasonable doubt whether, in the course of 
committing the burglary, (defendant) entered a [dwelling] [structure] and 
 
1. 
used a motor vehicle as an instrumentality, other than merely as a 
getaway vehicle, to assist in committing the offense, and thereby 
damaged the [dwelling] [structure]. 
 
or 
 
2. 
caused damage to the [dwelling] [structure] [property within the 
[dwelling] [structure]], in excess of $1,000. 
 
Authorized emergency vehicle. 
 
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If you find (defendant) guilty of burglary, you must also determine if the 
State has proved beyond a reasonable doubt whether the conveyance 
[entered] [remained in] was an authorized emergency vehicle. 
 
Definition.  See § 316.003, Fla. Stat. 
An “authorized emergency vehicle” is a vehicle of the fire department 
(fire patrol), police vehicles, and such ambulances and emergency vehicles of 
municipal departments, public service corporations operated by private 
corporations, the Department of Environmental Protection, the Department 
of Health, the Department of Transportation, and the Department of 
Corrections as are designated or authorized by their respective department or 
the chief of police of an incorporated city or any sheriff of a county. 
 
State of emergency. 
The definitions of structure, dwelling, and conveyance are different for 
counties where a state of emergency has been declared under chapter 252.  See § 
810.011(1), (2), and (3), Fla. Stat. 
If you find (defendant) guilty of burglary, you must also determine if the 
State has proved beyond a reasonable doubt whether  
 
1. 
the burglary was committed within a county that was subject to a 
state of emergency that had been declared by the governor under 
chapter 252, the “State Emergency Management Act,” 
 
and 
 
2. 
the perpetration of the burglary was facilitated by conditions 
arising from the emergency. 
 
Definition. 
The term “conditions arising from the emergency” means civil 
unrest, power outages, curfews, voluntary or mandatory evacuations, or a 
reduction in the presence of or response time for first responders or homeland 
security personnel.  
 
 
§ 810.011(4), Fla. Stat. 
 
An act is committed “in the course of committing” if it occurs in the 
attempt to commit the offense or in flight after the attempt or commission. 
 
 
- 20 - 
Lesser Included Offenses 
BURGLARY WITH ASSAULT OR BATTERY OR WHILE ARMED OR 
WITH USE OF MOTOR VEHICLE OR PROPERTY DAMAGE — 
810.02(2) 
CATEGORY ONE 
CATEGORY TWO 
FLA. STAT. 
INS. NO. 
Burglary 
 
810.02(4) 
13.1 
 
Aggravated battery 
784.045 
8.4 
 
Persons Engaged in 
Criminal Offense Having 
Firearm 
790.07(2) 
10.3 
 
Battery 
784.03 
8.3 
 
Aggravated assault 
784.021 
8.2 
 
Persons Engaged in 
Criminal Offense Having 
Weapon 
790.07(1) 
10.3 
 
Assault 
784.011 
8.1 
 
Attempt 
777.04(1) 
5.1 
 
Burglary 
810.02(3) 
13.1 
 
Trespass 
810.08(2)(a) 
13.3 
 
Trespass 
810.08(2)(b) 
13.3 
 
Trespass 
810.08(2)(c) 
13.3 
 
Criminal Mischief 
806.13 
12.4 
 
 
- 21 - 
BURGLARY OF DWELLING; BURGLARY OF STRUCTURE OR 
CONVEYANCE WITH HUMAN BEING INSIDE; BURGLARY OF AN 
AUTHORIZED EMERGENCY VEHICLE — 810.02(3) 
CATEGORY ONE 
CATEGORY TWO 
FLA. STAT. 
INS. NO. 
Burglary 
 
810.02(4) 
13.1 
 
Attempt 
777.04(1) 
5.1 
 
Trespass 
810.08(2)(a) 
13.3 
 
Trespass 
810.08(2)(b) 
13.3 
 
Trespass 
810.08(2)(c) 
13.3 
 
BURGLARY — 810.02(4) 
CATEGORY ONE 
CATEGORY TWO 
FLA. STAT. 
INS. NO. 
None 
 
 
 
 
Attempt 
777.04(1) 
5.1 
 
Trespass 
810.08(2)(a) 
13.3 
 
Trespass 
810.08(2)(b) 
13.3 
 
Trespass 
810.08(2)(c) 
13.3 
 
Criminal Mischief 
806.13 
12.4 
 
Comments 
 
When the compounded offense of burglary with an assault or burglary with a 
battery is charged and the jury convicts on the lesser included offense of trespass, 
the jury can also consider a second conviction on the lesser included offenses of 
assault or battery depending on the crime charged.  See Gian-Grasso v. State, 899 
So. 2d 392 (Fla. 4th DCA 2005). 
 
This instruction was adopted in 1981 and amended in 1985 [477 So.2d 985], 
1997 [697 So.2d 84], 2003 [850 So.2d 1272], 2007 [962 So. 2d 310], 2008 [986 
So. 2d 563], and 2013 [109 So. 3d 721], and 2015. 
 
 
- 22 - 
14.9  EXPLOITATION OF [AN ELDERLY PERSON]  
[A DISABLED ADULT] 
§ 825.103, Fla. Stat.  
 
To prove the crime of Exploitation of [an Elderly Person] [Disabled 
Adult], the State must prove the following [three] [four] elements beyond a 
reasonable doubt: 
 
Give as applicable.  
 
Fla. Stat. § 825.103(1)(a), Fla. Stat. 
1. 
(Victim) was [an elderly person] [a disabled adult].  
 
2. 
(Defendant) knowingly used deception or intimidation to [obtained 
or used] [endeavored to obtain or use] (victim’s) [funds] [assets] 
[property]. 
 
3. 
(Defendant) did so with the intent to 
 
Give as applicable. 
a. 
temporarily or permanently deprive (victim) of the use, 
benefit, or possession of [his] [her] [funds] [assets] 
[property]; 
 
b. 
benefit someone other than (victim).  
 
4. 
At the time, (defendant) [stood in a position of trust and 
confidence] [had a business relationship] with (victim). 
 
 
Fla. Stat. § 825.103(1)(b), Fla. Stat. 
1. 
(Victim) was [an elderly person] [a disabled adult].  
 
2. 
(Defendant) [obtained or used] [endeavored to obtain or use] 
[conspired with another to obtain or use] (victim’s) [funds] 
[assets] [property]. 
 
3. 
(Defendant) did so with the intent to  
 
Give as applicable. 
 
- 23 - 
a. 
temporarily or permanently deprive (victim) of the use, 
benefit, or possession of [his] [her] [funds] [assets] 
[property]; 
b. 
benefit someone other than (victim).  
4. 
At the time, (defendant) knew or reasonably should have known 
that (victim) lacked the capacity to consent. 
 
Fla. Stat. § 825.103(1)(c), Fla. Stat. 
1. 
(Victim) was [an elderly person] [a disabled adult].  
 
2. 
(Defendant) was (victim’s) [guardian] [trustee] [agent under a 
power of attorney]. 
 
3. 
(Defendant) breached a fiduciary duty to (victim). 
 
4. 
As a result, there was an unauthorized [appropriation] [sale] 
[transfer] of (victim’s) property.    
 
If § 825.103(1)(c), Fla. Stat. is charged, give as applicable. 
A “trustee” must be an individual. 
 
An “unauthorized appropriation” occurs when  
a. 
the [elderly person] [disabled adult] does not receive the 
reasonably equivalent financial value in goods or services; or  
 
b. 
the fiduciary, appointed as an agent under power of attorney to 
act on behalf of (victim), 
 
i. 
commits fraud in obtaining [his] [her] appointment; or 
 
ii. 
abuses [his] [her] powers; or 
 
iii. 
[wastes] [embezzles] [intentionally mismanages] the assets 
of the [principal] [beneficiary]; or 
 
iv. 
acts contrary to the principal’s sole [benefit] [best interest]. 
 
c. 
the fiduciary, appointed as a [guardian] [trustee] for (victim), 
 
- 24 - 
 
i. 
commits fraud in obtaining [his] [her] appointment; or 
 
ii. 
abuses [his] [her] powers; or  
 
iii. 
[wastes] [embezzles] [intentionally mismanages] the assets 
of the [ward] [beneficiary of the trust]. 
 
§ 825.103(1)(d), Fla. Stat. 
1. 
(Victim) was [an elderly person] [a disabled adult]. 
 
2. 
(Defendant) [misappropriated] [misused] [transferred without 
authorization] money belonging to (victim) from a [personal 
account] [joint account created with the intent that only (victim) 
enjoyed all rights, interests, and claims to moneys deposited in 
such account] [convenience account]. 
 
3. 
(Victim) placed the funds, owned the funds, and was the sole 
[contributor] [payee] of the funds before the [misappropriation] 
[misuse] [unauthorized transfer]. 
 
§ 825.103(1)(e), Fla. Stat. 
1. 
(Victim) was [an elderly person] [a disabled adult]. 
2. 
(Defendant) [intentionally] [negligently] failed to effectively use 
(victim’s) income and assets for the necessities required for 
(victim’s) support and maintenance.  
3. 
At the time, (defendant) was a [caregiver] [person who stood in a 
position of trust and confidence] with (victim).  
 
Give if applicable. Note: The statutory inference does not apply to persons 
in the business of making loans or to bona fide charitable donations to nonprofit 
organizations that qualify for tax exempt status under the Internal Revenue Code.  
§ 825.103(2)(b), Fla. Stat.     
You may, but are not required to, draw an inference of exploitation of 
(victim), if you find the State has proved beyond a reasonable doubt that:  
 
a. 
(Victim) was 65 years or older; 
 
 
- 25 - 
b. 
(Defendant) was a nonrelative of (victim); 
 
c. 
(Victim), while still alive, transferred [money] [property] valued in 
excess of $10,000 in [a single transaction] [multiple transactions] 
to (defendant); 
 
d. 
(Victim) knew (defendant) for fewer than 2 years before the first 
transfer; and  
 
e. 
(Victim) did not receive the reasonably equivalent financial value 
in [goods] [services]. 
 
You may not draw an inference of exploitation of (victim) if the transfer 
involved a valid loan, in writing, with definite repayment dates. However, you 
may draw an inference of exploitation of (victim), even if the transfer involved 
a valid loan, in writing, with definite repayment dates, if the repayment of the 
loan was in default, in whole or in part, for more than 65 days.  
 
If the transfer had no definite repayment dates in writing, you may  
draw an inference of exploitation of (victim) regardless of whether the transfer 
was denoted by the parties as a gift or a loan.  
 
Give as applicable. 
If you find (defendant) guilty of Exploitation of [an Elderly Person] [a 
Disabled Adult], you must then determine whether the State has proven 
beyond a reasonable doubt that: 
 
a. 
the [funds] [assets] [property] involved in the exploitation of the 
[elderly person] [disabled adult] [is] [are] valued at 
$100,000$50,000 or more; 
 
b. 
the [funds] [assets] [property] involved in the exploitation of the 
[elderly person] [disabled adult] [is] [are] valued at 
$20,000$10,000 or more, but less than $100,000 $50,000;  
 
c. 
the [funds] [assets] [property] involved in the exploitation of the 
[elderly person] [disabled adult] [is] [are] valued at less than 
$20,000$10,000.  
 
 
- 26 - 
Definitions. Give as applicable.           
Fla. Stat. § 825.101(1), Fla. Stat. 
 “Business relationship” means a relationship between two or more 
individuals or entities where there exists an oral or written contract or 
agreement for goods or services. 
 
Fla. Stat. § 825.101(3).  
“Deception” means: 
a. 
Misrepresenting or concealing a material fact relating to: 
1. 
Services rendered, disposition of property, or use of 
property, when such services or property are intended to 
benefit [an elderly person] [disabled adult]; 
 
2. 
Terms of a contract or agreement entered into with [an 
elderly person] [disabled adult]; or 
 
3. 
An existing or preexisting condition of any property 
involved in a contract or agreement entered into with [an 
elderly person] [disabled adult]; or 
 
b. 
Using any misrepresentation, false pretense, or false promise in 
order to induce, encourage, or solicit [an elderly person[ [disabled 
adult] to enter into a contract or agreement. 
 
Fla. Stat. § 825.101(43), Fla. Stat. 
 “Disabled adult” means a person 18 years of age or older who suffers 
from a condition of physical or mental incapacitation due to a developmental 
disability, organic brain damage, or mental illness, or who has one or more 
physical or mental limitations that restrict the person's ability to perform the 
normal activities of daily living. 
 
Fla. Stat. § 825.101(54), Fla. Stat.  
“Elderly person” means a person 60 years of age or older who is 
suffering from the infirmities of aging as manifested by advanced age or 
organic brain damage, or other physical, mental, or emotional dysfunctioning, 
to the extent that the ability of the person to provide adequately for the 
person's own care or protection is impaired. 
 
Fla. Stat. § 825.101(65), Fla. Stat. 
“Endeavor” means to attempt or try. 
 
- 27 - 
Fla. Stat. § 825.101(8). 
“Intimidation” means the communication by word or act to [an elderly 
person] [disabled adult] that the [elderly person] [disabled adult] will be 
deprived of food, nutrition, clothing, shelter, supervision, medicine, medical 
services, money, or financial support or will suffer physical violence. 
 
Fla. Stat. § 825.101(97), Fla. Stat. 
“Lacks capacity to consent” means an impairment by reason of mental 
illness, developmental disability, organic brain disorder, physical illness or 
disability, chronic use of drugs, chronic intoxication, short-term memory loss, 
or other cause, that causes [an elderly person] [disabled adult] to lack 
sufficient understanding or capacity to make or communicate reasonable 
decisions concerning the [elderly person's] [disabled adult's] person or 
property. 
 
Fla. Stat. § 825.101(108), Fla. Stat. 
“Obtains or uses” means any manner of: 
a. 
Taking or exercising control over property; or 
b. 
Making any use, disposition, or transfer of property. 
 
Fla. Stat. § 825.101(119), Fla. Stat. 
“Position of trust and confidence” with respect to [an elderly person] [a 
disabled adult] means the position of a person who: 
a. 
Is a parent, spouse, adult child, or other relative by blood or 
marriage of the [elderly person] [disabled adult]; 
 
b. 
Is a joint tenant or tenant in common with the [elderly person]  
[disabled adult]; 
 
c. 
Has a legal or fiduciary relationship with the [elderly person] 
[disabled adult], including, but not limited to, a court-appointed 
or voluntary guardian, trustee, attorney, or conservator; 
 
d. 
Is a caregiver of the [elderly person] [disabled adult].  
 
e. 
Is any other person who has been entrusted with or has assumed 
responsibility for the use or management of the [elderly person's] 
[disabled adult's] [funds] [assets] [property]. 
 
- 28 - 
 
Fla. Stat. § 825.101(2), Fla. Stat.  
“Caregiver” means a person who has been entrusted with or has 
assumed responsibility for the care or the property of [an elderly person] 
[disabled adult]. “Caregiver” includes, but is not limited to, relatives, court-
appointed or voluntary guardians, adult household members, neighbors, 
health care providers, and employees and volunteers of facilities.  
 
Fla. Stat. § 825.101(76), Fla. Stat.  
“Facility” means any location providing day or residential care or 
treatment for elderly persons or disabled adults. The term “facility” may 
include, but is not limited to, any hospital, training center, state institution, 
nursing home, assisted living facility, adult family-care home, adult day care 
center, group home, mental health treatment center, or continuing care 
community. 
 
Fla. Stat. § 825.101(1210), Fla. Stat. 
“Property” means anything of value and includes: 
 
a. 
Real property, including things growing on, affixed to, and found 
in land. 
b. 
Tangible or intangible personal property, including rights, 
privileges, interests, and claims. 
c. 
Services. 
Fla. Stat. § 825.101(1311), Fla. Stat.  
“Services” means anything of value resulting from a person's physical 
or mental labor or skill, or from the use, possession, or presence of property, 
and includes: 
 
a. 
Repairs or improvements to property. 
b. 
Professional services. 
c. 
Private, public, or governmental communication, transportation, 
power, water, or sanitation services. 
d. 
Lodging accommodations. 
 
- 29 - 
e. 
Admissions to places of exhibition or entertainment. 
Fla. Stat. § 825.101(1412), Fla. Stat. 
“Value” means value determined according to any of the following: 
 
1. 
The market value of the property at the time and place of the 
offense or, if the market value cannot be satisfactorily 
ascertained, the cost of replacing the property within a reasonable 
time after the offense. 
 
2. 
In the case of a written instrument such as a check, draft, or 
promissory note, which does not have a readily ascertainable 
market value, the value is the amount due or collectible. The value 
of any other instrument that creates, releases, discharges, or 
otherwise affects any valuable legal right, privilege, or obligation 
is the greatest amount of economic loss that the owner of the 
instrument might reasonably suffer by the loss of the instrument. 
 
3. 
The value of a trade secret that does not have a readily 
ascertainable market value is any reasonable value representing 
the damage to the owner suffered by reason of losing advantage 
over those who do not know of or use the trade secret. 
 
Fla. Stat. § 825.101(1412)(b), Fla. Stat. 
If the value of the property cannot be ascertained, the trier of fact jury 
may find the value to be not less than a certain amount; if no such minimum 
value can be ascertained, the value is an amount less than $100. 
 
Fla. Stat. § 825.101(1412)(c), Fla. Stat. 
Amounts of value of separate properties involved in exploitation 
committed pursuant to one scheme or course of conduct, whether the 
exploitation involves the same person or several persons, may be aggregated 
in determining the degree of the offensetotal value of the [funds] [assets] 
[property] involved in the exploitation. 
 
§ 655.80, Fla. Stat. 
“Convenience Account” is a deposit account, other than a certificate of 
deposit, in the name of one individual (principal), in which one or more other 
individuals have been designated as agents with the right to make deposits to 
and to withdraw funds from or draw checks on such account. The designation 
 
- 30 - 
of agents, the substitution or removal of agents, or any other change in the 
contractual terms or provisions governing a convenience account may be 
made only by the principal. All rights, interests, and claims in, to, and in 
respect of, such deposits and convenience account and the additions thereto 
shall be those of the principal only. 
 
Lesser Included Offense 
 
EXPLOITATION OF [AN ELDERLY PERSON]  
[A DISABLED ADULT] — 825.103 
CATEGORY ONE 
CATEGORY TWO 
FLA.  STAT. 
INS. NO. 
Petit theft – second 
degree, if 
§ 825.103(1)(a) or (b) is 
charged 
 
812.014(3)(a) 
14.1 
 
Grand Theft, if 
§ 825.103(1)(a) or (b) is 
charged 
812.014(2)(a)1. 14.1 
 
Grand Theft, if 
§ 825.103(1)(a) or (b) is 
charged 
812.014(2)(b)1. 14.1 
 
Grand Theft, if 
§ 825.103(1)(a) or (b) is 
charged 
812.014(2)(c) 
14.1 
 
Petit Theft, if 
§ 825.103(1)(a) or (b) is 
charged  
812.014(2)(e) 
14.1 
 
Comment 
 
 
This instruction was adopted in 2013 [131 So. 3d 755] and amended in 2015. 
 
20.15 FRAUDULENT USE OF PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION 
INFORMATION OF A [MINOR] [PERSON 60 YEARS OF AGE OR 
OLDER] 
§ 817.568(6), Fla. Stat. 
 
 
To prove the crime of Fraudulent Use of Personal Identification 
Information of a [Minor] [Person 60 Years of Age or Older], the State must 
prove the following three elements beyond a reasonable doubt: 
 
- 31 - 
 
1. 
(Defendant) willfully and without authorization fraudulently used 
personal identification information concerning (victim). 
 
2. 
(Victim) was less [younger than 18 years of age] [60 years of age 
or older]. 
 
3. 
(Defendant) did so without first obtaining the consent of (victim) 
[or [his] [her] legal guardian]. 
 
 
Definitions. 
 
“Willfully” means intentionally, knowingly, and purposely. 
 
 
“Fraudulently” means purposely or intentionally suppressing the truth 
or perpetrating a deception. 
 
§ 817.568(1)(b), Fla. Stat. 
 
Authorization” means empowerment, permission, or competence to act. 
 
 
§ 817.568(1)(f), Fla. Stat. 
  
“Personal identification information” means any name or number that 
may be used, alone or in conjunction with any other information, to identify a 
specific individual, including any name, postal or electronic mail address, 
telephone number, social security number, date of birth, mother’s maiden 
name, official state or United States issued driver’s license or identification 
number, alien registration number, government passport number, employer 
or taxpayer’s identification number, Medicaid or food stamp account number, 
bank account number, credit or debit card number or personal identification 
number or code assigned to the holder of a debit card by the issuer to permit 
authorized use of such card, unique biometric data such as fingerprint, voice 
print, retina or iris image, or other unique physical representation, unique 
electronic identification number, address, or routing code, medical record, 
telecommunication identifying information or access device, or other number 
or information that can be used to access a person’s financial resources.  
 
 
 
Enhanced penalty. Give if applicable.  See § 817.568(5) and (10), Fla. Stat., 
which if alleged will require an interrogatory. 
 
 
 
- 32 - 
Lesser Included Offenses 
 
FRAUDULENT USE OF PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION  
INFORMATION OF A [MINOR] [PERSON 60 YEARS OF AGE OR 
OLDER] – 817.568(6) 
CATEGORY ONE 
CATEGORY 
TWO 
FLA. STAT. 
INS. NO. 
None *Fraudulent 
Use of Personal 
Identification 
Information  
 
   817.568(2)(a) 
        20.13 
 
Attempt 
777.04(1) 
5.1 
 
Comments 
 
 
*The part of § 817.568(2)(a), Fla. Stat., that covers the defendant willfully 
and without authorization fraudulently using the victim’s personal identification 
information is a necessary lesser included offense of this crime. However, the part 
of § 817.568(2)(a), Fla. Stat. that covers the defendant possessing personal 
identification information with intent to fraudulently use is not. 
 
There are two possible enhanced penalties for this crime. See § 817.568(5) 
and § 817.568(10), Fla. Stat. If one of these enhanced penalties is charged, a 
special instruction would be necessary in order for the jury to make the appropriate 
finding. 
 
 
This instruction was adopted in 2007 [962 So. 2d 310] and amended in 2015.  
 
20.16 FRAUDULENT USE OF PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION 
INFORMATION OF A [MINOR] [PERSON 60 YEARS OF AGE OR 
OLDER] BY A PARENT, OR GUARDIAN, OR PERSON WHO 
EXERCISED CUSTODIAL AUTHORITY 
§ 817.568(7), Fla. Stat. 
 
 
To prove the crime of Fraudulent Use of Personal Identification 
Information of a [Minor] [Person 60 Years of Age or Older] by a [Parent] 
[Guardian] [or] [Person who Exercised Custodial Authority], the State must 
prove the following three elements beyond a reasonable doubt: 
 
 
- 33 - 
1. 
(Defendant) willfully and fraudulently used personal identification 
information concerning (victim). 
 
 
2. 
(Victim) was less [younger than 18 years of age] [60 years of age 
or older]. 
 
3. 
(Defendant) was [the parent of] [the legal guardian of] [exercised 
custodial authority over] (victim) at the time. 
 
 
Definitions.    
 
“Willfully” means intentionally, knowingly, and purposely. 
 
 
“Fraudulently” means purposely or intentionally suppressing the truth 
or perpetrating a deception. 
 
§ 817.568(1)(f), Fla. Stat. 
 
“Personal identification information” means any name or number that 
may be used, alone or in conjunction with any other information, to identify a 
specific individual, including any name, postal or electronic mail address, 
telephone number, social security number, date of birth, mother’s maiden 
name, official state or United States issued driver’s license or identification 
number, alien registration number, government passport number, employer 
or taxpayer’s identification number, Medicaid or food stamp account number, 
bank account number, credit or debit card number or personal identification 
number or code assigned to the holder of a debit card by the issuer to permit 
authorized use of such card, unique biometric data such as fingerprint, voice 
print, retina or iris image, or other unique physical representation, unique 
electronic identification number, address, or routing code, medical record, 
telecommunication identifying information or access device, or other number 
or information that can be used to access a person’s financial resources. 
 
 
Enhanced penalty.  Give if applicable.  See § 817.568 (5) and (10), Fla. Stat., 
which if alleged will require an interrogatory. 
 
 
 
- 34 - 
Lesser Included Offenses 
 
FRAUDULENT USE OF PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION 
INFORMATION OF A [MINOR] [PERSON 60 YEARS OF AGE OR 
OLDER] BY A [PARENT] [GUARDIAN] [PERSON WHO EXERCISED 
CUSTODIAL AUTHORITY] — 817.568(7) 
CATEGORY ONE 
CATEGORY 
TWO 
FLA. STAT. 
INS. NO. 
None 
 
 
 
 
Fraudulent Use of 
Personal 
Identification 
Information 
817.568(2)(a) 
20.13 
 
Attempt 
777.04(1) 
5.1 
 
Comments 
 
There are two possible enhanced penalties for this crime. See § 817.568(5) 
and § 817.568(10), Fla. Stat. If one of these enhanced penalties is charged, a 
special instruction would be necessary in order for the jury to make the appropriate 
finding. 
 
This instruction was adopted in 2007 [962 So. 2d 310] and amended in 2015. 
 
20.21 FRAUDULENT USE OF PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION 
INFORMATION OF A [DISABLED ADULT] 
 [PUBLIC SERVANT] [VETERAN] [FIRST RESPONDER] 
 [STATE EMPLOYEE] [FEDERAL EMPLOYEE] 
§ 817.568(11), Fla. Stat. 
 
 
To prove the crime of Fraudulent Use of Personal Identification 
Information of a [Disabled Adult] [Public Servant] [Veteran] [First 
Responder] [State Employee] [Federal Employee], the State must prove the 
following three elements beyond a reasonable doubt: 
 
1. 
(Defendant) willfully and without authorization fraudulently used 
personal identification information concerning (victim). 
 
2. 
(Victim) was [a disabled adult] [a public servant] [a veteran] [a 
first responder] [a state employee] [a federal employee]. 
 
- 35 - 
3. 
(Defendant) did so without first obtaining consent of (victim). 
 
 
Definitions.  
 
“Willfully” means intentionally, knowingly, and purposely. 
 
 
“Fraudulently” means purposely or intentionally suppressing the truth 
or perpetrating a deception. 
 
 
§ 817.568(1)(b), Fla. Stat. 
 
“Authorization” means empowerment, permission, or competence to act. 
 
 
 
§ 817.568(1)(f), Fla. Stat. 
 
“Personal identification information” means any name or number that 
may be used, alone or in conjunction with any other information, to identify a 
specific individual, including any name, postal or electronic mail address, 
telephone number, social security number, date of birth, mother’s maiden 
name, official state or United States issued driver’s license or identification 
number, alien registration number, government passport number, employer 
or taxpayer’s identification number, Medicaid or food stamp account number, 
bank account number, credit or debit card number or personal identification 
number or code assigned to the holder of a debit card by the issuer to permit 
authorized use of such card, unique biometric data such as fingerprint, voice 
print, retina or iris image, or other unique physical representation, unique 
electronic identification number, address, or routing code, medical record, 
telecommunication identifying information or access device, or other number 
or information that can be used to access a person’s financial resources.  
 
 
Give as applicable. 
 
§ 825.101(3), Fla. Stat. 
“Disabled adult” means a person 18 years of age or older who suffers 
from a condition of physical or mental incapacitation due to a developmental 
disability, organic brain damage, or mental illness, or who has one or more 
physical or mental limitations that restrict the person’s ability to perform the 
normal activities of daily living. 
 
 
§ 838.014(6), Fla. Stat. 
“Public servant” means (a) Any officer or employee of a state, county, 
municipal, or special district agency or entity;  (b) Any legislative or judicial 
officer or employee;  (c) Any person, except a witness, who acts as a general or 
special magistrate, receiver, auditor, arbitrator, umpire, referee, consultant, 
 
- 36 - 
or hearing officer while performing a governmental function; or (d) A 
candidate for election or appointment to any of the positions listed in this 
subsection, or an individual who has been elected to, but has yet to officially 
assume the responsibilities of, public office. 
 
 
§ 1.01(14), Fla. Stat. 
 “Veteran” means a person who served in the active military, naval, or 
air service and who was discharged or released under honorable conditions 
only or who later received an upgraded discharge under honorable conditions, 
notwithstanding any action by the United States Department of Veterans 
Affairs on individuals discharged or released with other than honorable 
discharges.  
 
 
§ 125.01045(2), Fla. Stat. 
“First responder” means a law enforcement officer, a firefighter, or an 
emergency medical technician or paramedic who is employed by the state or a 
local government. [A volunteer law enforcement officer, firefighter, or 
emergency medical technician or paramedic engaged by the state or a local 
government is also considered a first responder of the state or local 
government for purposes of this section.] 
 
§ 943.10(10), Fla. Stat. 
“Law enforcement officer” means any person who is elected, appointed, 
or employed full time by any municipality or the state or any political 
subdivision thereof; who is vested with authority to bear arms and make 
arrests; and whose primary responsibility is the prevention and detection of 
crime or the enforcement of the penal, criminal, traffic, or highway laws of 
the state. This definition includes all certified supervisory and command 
personnel whose duties include, in whole or in part, the supervision, training, 
guidance, and management responsibilities of full-time law enforcement 
officers, part-time law enforcement officers, or auxiliary law enforcement 
officers but does not include support personnel employed by the employing 
agency. 
 
§ 633.102(9), Fla. Stat. 
“Firefighter” means an individual who holds a current and valid 
Firefighter Certificate of Compliance or Special Certificate of Compliance 
issued by the Division of State Fire Marshal within the Department of 
Financial Services. 
 
 
- 37 - 
§ 401.23(17), Fla. Stat. 
“Paramedic” means a person who is certified by the Department of 
Health to perform basic and advanced life support. 
 
Lesser Included Offenses 
 
FRAUDULENT USE OF PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION 
INFORMATION OF A [DISABLED ADULT] [PUBLIC SERVANT] 
[VETERAN] [FIRST RESPONDER] [STATE EMPLOYEE] [FEDERAL 
EMPLPOYEE] – 817.568(11) 
CATEGORY ONE 
CATEGORY 
TWO 
FLA. STAT. 
INS. NO. 
*Fraudulent Use of 
Personal 
Identification 
Information 
 
817.568(2)(a) 
20.13 
 
Attempt 
777.04(1) 
5.1 
 
Comments 
 
 
*The part of § 817.568(2)(a), Fla. Stat., that covers the defendant willfully 
and without authorization fraudulently using the victim’s personal identification 
information is a necessary lesser included offense of this crime. However, the part 
of § 817.568(2)(a), Fla. Stat., that covers the defendant possessing personal 
identification information with intent to fraudulently use is not. 
 
Both § 817.568(6), Fla. Stat., and § 817.568(11), Fla. Stat., criminalize 
Fraudulent Use of Personal Identification Information of a Person 60 Years of Age 
or Older. While both are second degree felonies, § 817.568(6), Fla. Stat., is listed 
in level 8 and § 817.568(11), Fla. Stat., is unlisted, which would make it a level 4, 
according to § 921.0023, Fla. Stat. If the State alleges that the defendant violated     
§ 817.568(11), Fla. Stat., and that the victim was 60 years of age or older, the trial 
judge should instruct using the appropriate parts of Instruction 20.15. 
 
There are two possible enhanced penalties for this crime. See § 817.568(5) 
and § 817.568(10), Fla. Stat. If one of these enhanced penalties is charged, a 
special instruction would be necessary in order for the jury to make the appropriate 
finding. 
 
This instruction was adopted in 2015. 
 
- 38 - 
 
22.5 SETTING UP, PROMOTING, CONDUCTING A LOTTERY 
§ 849.09(1)(a), Fla. Stat. 
 
 
To prove the crime of [Setting Up] [Promoting] [Conducting] a Lottery], 
the State must prove beyond a reasonable doubt that: 
 
 
(Defendant) [set up] [promoted] [conducted] a lottery for [money] 
[anything of value].  
 
 
Definitions.  
 
Little River Theatre Corp. v. State, 185 So. 855 (Fla. 1939). 
 
A “lottery” has three elements:  is a game of chance in which smaller 
sums of money or things of smaller value are risked for the chance of getting 
money or property of greater value upon the happening of an uncertain event. 
The three elements of a lottery are: (1) consideration — that is, a bet or thing 
ventured; (2) a prize; and (3) the award or winning of the prize by lot or 
chance. 
 
 
A “bet” is when money or other property is risked, pledged, wagered, or 
staked by a participant on the outcome of a game, contest, or uncertain or 
contingent event, with the expectation of gaining or losing as a result.    
 
 
A “thing ventured” is when something other than money or property is 
risked by a participant on the outcome of a game, contest, or uncertain or 
contingent event, with the expectation of gaining or losing as a result, which 
includes but is not limited to the time, inconvenience, and effort required to 
attend or participate, at the expense of foregone alternatives and other 
opportunities. 
 
 
A “prize by lot or chance” is when the award or winning prize is 
determined by a chance or uncertain or contingent event, the outcome of 
which is not influenced or controlled by a participant’s skill, such as by 
drawing numbers, entries, cards, or by rolling dice. 
 
 
If there is evidence of an exception referred to at the end of § 849.09(1), Fla. 
Stat., in § 849.092, Fla. Stat., § 849.0931, Fla. Stat., § 849.0935, Fla. Stat., or in    
§ 849.161, Fla. Stat., an appropriate instruction should be given.  
 
- 39 - 
Lesser Included Offenses 
 
LOTTERY — 849.09(1)(a) 
CATEGORY ONE 
CATEGORY TWO 
FLA. STAT. 
INS. NO. 
None 
 
 
 
 
Lottery 
849.09(1)(f) 
 
 
Lottery 
849.09(1)(g) 
22.9 
 
Lottery 
849.09(1)(h) 
22.10 
 
Lottery 
849.09(1)(i) 
 
 
Lottery 
849.09(1)(j) 
 
 
Lottery 
849.09(1)(k) 
22.11 
 
Playing at game of 
chance by lot 
849.11 
 
 
Gambling devices, etc. 849.231 
 
 
Attempt  
777.04 
5.1 
 
Comments 
 
See Blackburn v. Ippolito, 156 So. 2d 550, 553 (Fla. 2d DCA 1963) 
(“[T]hings other than money can constitute a sufficient consideration, moving from 
the participants in such scheme to the operators without any cash outlay being 
made.”) citing to Dorman v. Publix-Saenger-Sparks Theatres, 184 So. 886 (Fla. 
1938) (“The consideration required to support a simple contract need not be money 
or anything having a monetary value, but any consist of either a benefit to the 
promisor or a detriment to the promisee.”) and Little River Theatre Corp. v. State, 
185 So. 855 (Fla. 1939)(holding that increased attendance and receipts at a theater 
offering a “bank night” drawing satisfied the element of consideration, even 
though persons could participate in the drawing without purchasing a ticket). 
 
 
This instruction was adopted in 1981 and amended in 2014 [143 So. 3d 893] 
and 2015. 
 
22.6 DISPOSING OF [MONEY], [PROPERTY] BY LOTTERY 
§ 849.09(1)(b), Fla._Stat. 
 
 
To prove the crime of Disposing of [Money] [Property] by Lottery, the 
State must prove the following two elements beyond a reasonable doubt: 
 
1. 
(Defendant) disposed of [money] [property]. 
 
- 40 - 
 
2. 
The [money] [property] was disposed of by means of a lottery. 
 
 
Definitions. 
 
Little River Theatre Corp. v. State, 185 So. 855 (Fla. 1939). 
 
A “lottery” has three elements:  is a game of chance in which smaller 
sums of money or things of smaller value are risked for the chance of getting 
money or property of greater value upon the happening of an uncertain event. 
The three elements of a lottery are: (1) consideration — that is, a bet or thing 
ventured; (2) a prize; and (3) the award or winning of the prize by lot or 
chance. 
 
 
A “bet” is when money or other property is risked, pledged, wagered, or 
staked by a participant on the outcome of a game, contest, or uncertain or 
contingent event, with the expectation of gaining or losing as a result.    
 
 
A “thing ventured” is when something other than money or property is 
risked by a participant on the outcome of a game, contest, or uncertain or 
contingent event, with the expectation of gaining or losing as a result, which 
includes but is not limited to the time, inconvenience, and effort required to 
attend or participate, at the expense of foregone alternatives and other 
opportunities. 
 
 
A “prize by lot or chance” is when the award or winning prize is 
determined by a chance or uncertain or contingent event, the outcome of 
which is not influenced or controlled by a participant’s skill, such as by 
drawing numbers, entries, cards, or by rolling dice. 
 
 
It is not enough to show that the defendant merely sold lottery tickets or 
participated in the collection of ticket proceeds or the keeping of records, or 
participated in determining the winners. 
 
 
For conviction it must be proved that the defendant had an interest in 
or control of the [money] [property] and [he] [she] caused it to be disposed of 
by a lottery conducted under [his] [her] authority, direction, or supervision. It 
is not necessary, however, that the State prove that the defendant performed 
all the acts incident to the lottery. 
 
 
- 41 - 
 
If there is evidence of an exception referred to at the end of § 849.09(1), 
Fla._Stat., in § 849.092, Fla. Stat., § 849.0931, Fla. Stat., or § 849.0935, Fla. 
Stat., or in § 849.161, Fla. Stat., an appropriate instruction should be given. 
 
Lesser Included Offenses 
 
LOTTERY — 849.09(1)(b) 
CATEGORY ONE 
CATEGORY TWO 
FLA. STAT. 
INS. NO. 
None 
 
 
 
 
Lottery 
849.09(1)(f) 
 
 
Lottery 
849.09(1)(g) 
22.9 
 
Lottery 
849.09(1)(h) 
22.10 
 
Lottery 
849.09(1)(i) 
 
 
Lottery 
849.09(1)(j) 
 
 
Lottery 
849.09(1)(k) 
22.11 
 
Gambling devices, etc. 849.231 
 
 
Attempt 
777.04 
5.1 
 
Comments 
 
See Blackburn v. Ippolito, 156 So. 2d 550, 553 (Fla. 2d DCA 1963) 
(“[T]hings other than money can constitute a sufficient consideration, moving from 
the participants in such scheme to the operators without any cash outlay being 
made.”) citing to Dorman v. Publix-Saenger-Sparks Theatres, 184 So. 886 (Fla. 
1938) (“The consideration required to support a simple contract need not be money 
or anything having a monetary value, but any consist of either a benefit to the 
promisor or a detriment to the promisee.”) and Little River Theatre Corp. v. State, 
185 So. 855 (Fla. 1939) (holding that increased attendance and receipts at a theater 
offering a “bank night” drawing satisfied the element of consideration, even 
though persons could participate in the drawing without purchasing a ticket). 
 
 
This instruction was adopted in 1981 and amended in 2015. 
 
 
22.7 [CONDUCTING] [ADVERTISING] A LOTTERY DRAWING 
§ 849.09(1)(c), Fla._Stat. 
 
 
To prove the crime of [Conducting] [Advertising] a Lottery Drawing, 
the State must prove the following two elements beyond a reasonable doubt: 
 
- 42 - 
 
 
Give a and/or b as applicable.   
1a. 
There was a lottery. (Defendant) conducted a lottery drawing. 
 
2b. 
(Defendant) conducted a drawing for the lottery advertised a 
lottery drawing [in a newspaper] [or] [by [a circular] [a poster] [a 
pamphlet] [radio] [telegraph] [telephone] [or otherwise]].  
 
 
Definitions. 
 
Little River Theatre Corp. v. State, 185 So. 855 (Fla. 1939). 
 
A “lottery” has three elements:  is a game of chance in which smaller 
sums of money or things of smaller value are risked for the chance of getting 
money or property of greater value upon the happening of an uncertain event. 
The three elements of a lottery are: (1) consideration — that is, a bet or thing 
ventured; (2) a prize; and (3) the award or winning of the prize by lot or 
chance. 
 
 
A “bet” is when money or other property is risked, pledged, wagered, or 
staked by a participant on the outcome of a game, contest, or uncertain or 
contingent event, with the expectation of gaining or losing as a result.    
 
 
A “thing ventured” is when something other than money or property is 
risked by a participant on the outcome of a game, contest, or uncertain or 
contingent event, with the expectation of gaining or losing as a result, which 
includes but is not limited to the time, inconvenience, and effort required to 
attend or participate, at the expense of foregone alternatives and other 
opportunities. 
 
 
A “prize by lot or chance” is when the award or winning prize is 
determined by a chance or uncertain or contingent event, the outcome of 
which is not influenced or controlled by a participant’s skill, such as by 
drawing numbers, entries, cards, or by rolling dice. 
 
 
A "lottery drawing" is the selection of the winner by chance. 
 
 
It is not essential for conviction that the defendant had any other 
interest or participation in the lottery. 
 
 
- 43 - 
 
If there is evidence of an exception referred to at the end of § 849.09(1), 
Fla._Stat., in § 849.092, Fla. Stat., § 849.0931, Fla. Stat., or § 849.0935, Fla. 
Stat., or in § 849.161, Fla. Stat., an appropriate instruction should be given. 
 
Lesser Included Offenses 
 
LOTTERY — 849.09(1)(c) 
CATEGORY ONE 
CATEGORY TWO 
FLA. STAT. 
INS. NO. 
None 
 
 
 
 
Lottery 
849.09(1)(f) 
 
 
Lottery 
849.09(1)(g) 
22.9 
 
Lottery 
849.09(1)(h) 
22.10 
 
Lottery 
849.09(1)(i) 
 
 
Lottery 
849.09(1)(j) 
 
 
Lottery 
849.09(1)(k) 
22.11 
 
Gambling devices, etc. 849.231 
 
 
Attempt 
777.04 
5.1 
 
Comments 
 
See Blackburn v. Ippolito, 156 So. 2d 550, 553 (Fla. 2d DCA 1963) 
(“[T]hings other than money can constitute a sufficient consideration, moving from 
the participants in such scheme to the operators without any cash outlay being 
made.”) citing to Dorman v. Publix-Saenger-Sparks Theatres, 184 So. 886 (Fla. 
1938) (“The consideration required to support a simple contract need not be money 
or anything having a monetary value, but any consist of either a benefit to the 
promisor or a detriment to the promisee.”) and Little River Theatre Corp. v. State, 
185 So. 855 (Fla. 1939) (holding that increased attendance and receipts at a theater 
offering a “bank night” drawing satisfied the element of consideration, even 
though persons could participate in the drawing without purchasing a ticket). 
 
 
This instruction was adopted in 1981 and amended in 2015. 
 
 
- 44 - 
22.8 ASSISTING IN SETTING UP, PROMOTING, OR CONDUCTING A 
LOTTERY 
§ 849.09(1)(d), Fla._Stat. 
 
 
To prove the crime of Assisting in Setting up, Promoting, or Conducting 
a Lottery, the State must prove the following two elements beyond a reasonable 
doubt: 
 
1. 
There was a lottery set up, promoted, or conducted. 
 
 
Give 2a or 2b as applicable. 
2. 
a. 
[(Defendant) aided or assisted in setting up, promoting, or  
                     conducting the lottery by (read from charge)]. 
 
b. 
[(Defendant) was interested in or connected with the lottery 
by (read from charge)]. 
 
 
Definitions. 
 
Little River Theatre Corp. v. State, 185 So. 855 (Fla. 1939). 
 
A “lottery” has three elements:  is a game of chance in which smaller 
sums of money or things of smaller value are risked for the chance of getting 
money or property of greater value upon the happening of an uncertain event. 
The three elements of a lottery are: (1) consideration — that is, a bet or thing 
ventured; (2) a prize; and (3) the award or winning of the prize by lot or 
chance. 
 
 
A “bet” is when money or other property is risked, pledged, wagered, or 
staked by a participant on the outcome of a game, contest, or uncertain or 
contingent event, with the expectation of gaining or losing as a result.    
 
 
A “thing ventured” is when something other than money or property is 
risked by a participant on the outcome of a game, contest, or uncertain or 
contingent event, with the expectation of gaining or losing as a result, which 
includes but is not limited to the time, inconvenience, and effort required to 
attend or participate, at the expense of foregone alternatives and other 
opportunities. 
 
 
A “prize by lot or chance” is when the award or winning prize is 
determined by a chance or uncertain or contingent event, the outcome of 
 
- 45 - 
which is not influenced or controlled by a participant’s skill, such as by 
drawing numbers, entries, cards, or by rolling dice. 
 
 
If there is evidence of an exception referred to at the end of § 849.09(1), 
Fla._Stat., in § 849.092, Fla. Stat., § 849.0931, Fla. Stat., or § 849.0935, Fla. 
Stat., or in §  849.161, Fla. Stat., an appropriate instruction should be given. 
 
Lesser Included Offenses 
 
LOTTERY — 849.09(1)(d) 
CATEGORY ONE 
CATEGORY TWO 
FLA. STAT. 
INS. NO. 
None 
 
 
 
  
Lottery 
849.09(1)(f) 
 
 
Lottery 
849.09(1)(g) 
22.9 
 
Lottery 
849.09(1)(h) 
22.10 
 
Lottery 
849.09(1)(i) 
 
 
Lottery 
849.09(1)(j) 
 
 
Lottery 
849.09(1)(k) 
22.11 
 
Playing at game of 
chance by lot 
849.11 
 
 
Gambling devices, etc. 849.231 
 
 
Attempt 
777.04 
5.1 
 
Comments 
 
See Blackburn v. Ippolito, 156 So. 2d 550, 553 (Fla. 2d DCA 1963) 
(“[T]hings other than money can constitute a sufficient consideration, moving from 
the participants in such scheme to the operators without any cash outlay being 
made.”) citing to Dorman v. Publix-Saenger-Sparks Theatres, 184 So. 886 (Fla. 
1938) (“The consideration required to support a simple contract need not be money 
or anything having a monetary value, but any consist of either a benefit to the 
promisor or a detriment to the promisee.”) and Little River Theatre Corp. v. State, 
185 So. 855 (Fla. 1939)(holding that increased attendance and receipts at a theater 
offering a “bank night” drawing satisfied the element of consideration, even 
though persons could participate in the drawing without purchasing a ticket). 
 
 
This instruction was adopted in 1981 and amended in 2015. 
 
 
- 46 - 
22.9 [SELLINGSALE OF LOTTERY TICKETS] [OFFERING LOTTERY 
TICKETS FOR SALE] [TRANSMITTING LOTTERY TICKETS] 
§ 849.09(1)(g), Fla._Stat. 
 
 
To prove the crime of [SellingSale of Lottery Tickets] [Offering Lottery 
Tickets for Sale] [Transmitting Lottery Tickets], the State must prove the 
following element beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant: 
 
(Defendant) [sold] [offered for sale] [sent from one place to another 
transmitted, in person or by mail or by hand of another person or in 
some other way] a lottery ticket, coupon or share, or fractional part of a 
lottery ticket, coupon or share, representing an interest in a live lottery 
yet to be played or in a lottery that has already been played. 
 
 
Definitions. 
 
Little River Theatre Corp. v. State, 185 So. 855 (Fla. 1939). 
 
A “lottery” has three elements:  is a game of chance in which smaller 
sums of money or things of smaller value are risked for the chance of getting 
money or property of greater value upon the happening of an uncertain event. 
The three elements of a lottery are: (1) consideration — that is, a bet or thing 
ventured; (2) a prize; and (3) the award or winning of the prize by lot or 
chance. 
 
 
A “bet” is when money or other property is risked, pledged, wagered, or 
staked by a participant on the outcome of a game, contest, or uncertain or 
contingent event, with the expectation of gaining or losing as a result.    
 
 
A “thing ventured” is when something other than money or property is 
risked by a participant on the outcome of a game, contest, or uncertain or 
contingent event, with the expectation of gaining or losing as a result, which 
includes but is not limited to the time, inconvenience, and effort required to 
attend or participate, at the expense of foregone alternatives and other 
opportunities. 
 
 
A “prize by lot or chance” is when the award or winning prize is 
determined by a chance or uncertain or contingent event, the outcome of 
which is not influenced or controlled by a participant’s skill, such as by 
drawing numbers, entries, cards, or by rolling dice. 
 
 
- 47 - 
 
If there is evidence of an exception referred to at the end of § 849.09(1), 
Fla._Stat., in § 849.092, Fla. Stat., § 849.0931, Fla. Stat., or § 849.0935, Fla. 
Stat., or in §  849.161, Fla. Stat., an appropriate instruction should be given. 
 
 
A “lottery ticket, coupon, or share” is any paper, token, or thing that 
represents the right of the possessor to receive all or any part of a prize 
awarded or to be awarded in the operation of a lottery. It is not necessary that 
the rights of the holder be written or printed in plain language. It is sufficient 
if the ticket, coupon, share, or token, by any manner known to those familiar 
with a particular lottery being played, indicates or represents the rights of its 
owner or possessor. 
 
Lesser Included Offenses 
 
 
No lesser included offenses have been identified for this offense. 
 
Comments 
 
See Blackburn v. Ippolito, 156 So. 2d 550, 553 (Fla. 2d DCA 1963) 
(“[T]hings other than money can constitute a sufficient consideration, moving from 
the participants in such scheme to the operators without any cash outlay being 
made.”) citing to Dorman v. Publix-Saenger-Sparks Theatres, 184 So. 886 (Fla. 
1938) (“The consideration required to support a simple contract need not be money 
or anything having a monetary value, but any consist of either a benefit to the 
promisor or a detriment to the promisee.”) and Little River Theatre Corp. v. State, 
185 So. 855 (Fla. 1939) (holding that increased attendance and receipts at a theater 
offering a “bank night” drawing satisfied the element of consideration, even 
though persons could participate in the drawing without purchasing a ticket). 
 
 
This instruction was adopted in 1981 and amended in 2015. 
 
22.10 POSSESSING A LOTTERY TICKET 
§ 849.09(1)(h), Fla._Stat. 
 
 
To prove the crime of Possessing a Lottery Ticket, the State must prove 
beyond a reasonable doubt that: 
 
(Defendant) had in [his] [her] possession a lottery ticket or a coupon, 
share, or token evidencing some interest in a live lottery yet to be played or in 
a lottery that has already been played. 
 
- 48 - 
 
 
Definitions. 
 
Lottery. 
 
Little River Theatre Corp. v. State, 185 So. 855 (Fla. 1939). 
 
A “lottery” has three elements:  is a game of chance in which smaller 
sums of money or things of smaller value are risked for the chance of getting 
money or property of greater value upon the happening of an uncertain event. 
The three elements of a lottery are: (1) consideration — that is, a bet or thing 
ventured; (2) a prize; and (3) the award or winning of the prize by lot or 
chance. 
 
 
A “bet” is when money or other property is risked, pledged, wagered, or 
staked by a participant on the outcome of a game, contest, or uncertain or 
contingent event, with the expectation of gaining or losing as a result.    
 
 
A “thing ventured” is when something other than money or property is 
risked by a participant on the outcome of a game, contest, or uncertain or 
contingent event, with the expectation of gaining or losing as a result, which 
includes but is not limited to the time, inconvenience, and effort required to 
attend or participate, at the expense of foregone alternatives and other 
opportunities. 
 
 
A “prize by lot or chance” is when the award or winning prize is 
determined by a chance or uncertain or contingent event, the outcome of 
which is not influenced or controlled by a participant’s skill, such as by 
drawing numbers, entries, cards, or by rolling dice. 
 
 
Lottery ticket, coupon, or share. 
 
A “lottery ticket, coupon, or share” is any paper, token, or thing that 
represents the right of the possessor to receive all or any part of a prize 
awarded or to be awarded in the operation of a lottery. It is not necessary that 
the rights of the holder be written or printed in plain language. It is sufficient 
if the ticket, coupon, share, or token by any manner known to those familiar 
with a particular lottery being played indicates or represents the rights of its 
owner or possessor. 
 
 
Possession 
 
To "possess" means to have personal charge of or exercise the right of 
ownership, management, or control over the thing possessed. 
 
 
- 49 - 
 
Possession may be actual or constructive. If a thing is in the hand of, or 
on the person, or in a bag or container in the hand of or on the person, or is so 
close as to be within ready reach and is under the control of the person, it is in 
the actual possession of that person. 
 
If a thing is in a place over which the person has control or in which the 
person has hidden or concealed it, it is in the constructive possession of that 
person. 
 
 
Possession may be joint, that is, two or more persons may jointly have 
possession of an article, exercising control over it. In that case, each of those 
persons is considered to be in possession of that article. 
 
 
If a person has exclusive possession of a thing, knowledge of its presence 
may be inferred or assumed. 
 
 
If a person does not have exclusive possession of a thing, knowledge of its 
presence may not be inferred or assumed. 
 
Possession. 
 
There are two types of possession: actual possession and constructive 
possession. 
 
 
Actual possession.  
 
Actual possession means the person is aware of the presence of the 
object and 
a. 
the object is in the hand of or on the person, or 
 
b. 
the object is in a container in the hand of or on the person, or 
 
c. 
the object is so close as to be within ready reach and is under the 
control of the person. 
 
 
Constructive possession. 
Constructive possession means the person is aware of the presence of 
the object, the object is in a place over which the person has control, and the 
person has the ability to control the object.  
 
 
Give if applicable. 
 
Mere proximity to an object is not sufficient to establish control over 
that object when the object is in a place that the person does not control. 
 
- 50 - 
 
 
Give if applicable. 
In order to establish constructive possession of an object that was in a 
place (defendant) did not control, the State must prove (defendant) (1) knew 
that the object was within [his] [her] presence and (2) exercised control or 
ownership over the object itself. 
 
Joint possession. 
Possession may be sole or joint, that is, two or more persons may be 
aware of the presence of an object and may jointly exercise control over it.  In 
that case, each of those persons is considered to be in possession of that object.  
 
Inferences.  
Exclusive control. Henderson v. State, 88 So. 3d 1060 (Fla. 1st DCA 2012); 
Meme v. State, 72 So. 3d 254 (Fla. 4th DCA 2011).  
 
If you find that (defendant): 
 
a. 
had direct physical custody of the [lottery ticket] [coupon, share, 
or token evidencing some interest in a lottery] or 
 
b. 
was within ready reach of the [lottery ticket] [coupon, share, or 
token evidencing some interest in a lottery] and the [lottery ticket] 
[coupon, share, or token evidencing some interest in a lottery] was 
under [his] [her] control, or 
  
c. 
had exclusive control of the place where the [lottery ticket] 
[coupon, share, or token evidencing some interest in a lottery] was 
located, 
 
you may infer that [he] [she] was aware of the presence of the [lottery 
ticket] [coupon, share, or token evidencing some interest in a lottery] and had 
the ability to control [it] [them].  
 
 
If (defendant) did not have exclusive control over the place where the  
[lottery ticket] [coupon, share, or token evidencing some interest in a lottery] 
was located, you may not infer [he] [[she] had knowledge of the presence of 
the [lottery ticket] [coupon, share, or token evidencing some interest in a 
lottery] or the ability to control [it] [them], in the absence of other 
incriminating evidence.  
 
 
- 51 - 
 
Give if applicable. Duncan v. State, 986 So. 2d 653 (Fla. 4th DCA 2008).  
However, you may infer that (defendant) knew of the presence of the 
[lottery ticket] [coupon, share, or token evidencing some interest in a lottery] 
and had the ability to control [it] [them] if [he] [she] had joint control over the 
place where the [lottery ticket] [coupon, share, or token evidencing some 
interest in a lottery] was located, and the [lottery ticket] [coupon, share, or 
token evidencing some interest in a lottery] was located in a common area in 
plain view and in the presence of the defendant.  
 
 
If there is evidence of an exception referred to at the end of § 849.09(1), 
Fla._Stat., in § 849.092, Fla. Stat., § 849.0931, Fla. Stat., or § 849.0935, Fla. 
Stat., or in §  849.161, Fla. Stat., an appropriate instruction should be given. 
 
Lesser Included Offenses 
 
 
No lesser included offenses have been identified for this offense. 
 
Comments 
 
See Blackburn v. Ippolito, 156 So. 2d 550, 553 (Fla. 2d DCA 1963) 
(“[T]hings other than money can constitute a sufficient consideration, moving from 
the participants in such scheme to the operators without any cash outlay being 
made.”) citing to Dorman v. Publix-Saenger-Sparks Theatres, 184 So. 886 (Fla. 
1938) (“The consideration required to support a simple contract need not be money 
or anything having a monetary value, but any consist of either a benefit to the 
promisor or a detriment to the promisee.”) and Little River Theatre Corp. v. State, 
185 So. 855 (Fla. 1939) (holding that increased attendance and receipts at a theater 
offering a “bank night” drawing satisfied the element of consideration, even 
though persons could participate in the drawing without purchasing a ticket). 
 
 
This instruction was adopted in 1981 and amended in 2015. 
 
22.11 POSSESSING RUNDOWN SHEETS, ETC. 
§ 849.09(1)(k), Fla._Stat. 
 
 
To prove the crime of Possessing (read from charge) [Run Down Sheets] 
[Tally Sheets] [or] [Other Papers, Records, Instruments, or Paraphernalia], the 
State must prove the following two elements beyond a reasonable doubt: 
 
 
- 52 - 
1. 
(Defendant) had in [his] [her] possession (read from charge) [Run 
Down Sheets] [Tally Sheets] [or] [Other Papers, Records, 
Instruments, or Paraphernalia]. 
 
2. 
These articles were designed for use, directly or indirectly, in 
gambling or in the conduct of a lottery. 
 
 
Definitions. 
 
Gambling. 
 
“Gambling” is a game of chance in which the participant risks money or 
property on the outcome with the expectation of gaining or losing as a result of 
the game. 
 
 
Lottery. 
 
Little River Theatre Corp. v. State, 185 So. 855 (Fla. 1939). 
 
A “lottery” has three elements:  is a game of chance in which smaller 
sums of money or things of smaller value are risked for the chance of getting 
money or property of greater value upon the happening of an uncertain event. 
The three elements of a lottery are: (1) consideration — that is, a bet or thing 
ventured; (2) a prize; and (3) the award or winning of the prize by lot or 
chance. 
 
 
A “bet” is when money or other property is risked, pledged, wagered, or 
staked by a participant on the outcome of a game, contest, or uncertain or 
contingent event, with the expectation of gaining or losing as a result.    
 
 
A “thing ventured” is when something other than money or property is 
risked by a participant on the outcome of a game, contest, or uncertain or 
contingent event, with the expectation of gaining or losing as a result, which 
includes but is not limited to the time, inconvenience, and effort required to 
attend or participate, at the expense of foregone alternatives and other 
opportunities. 
 
 
A “prize by lot or chance” is when the award or winning prize is 
determined by a chance or uncertain or contingent event, the outcome of  
which is not influenced or controlled by a participant’s skill, such as by 
drawing numbers, entries, cards, or by rolling dice. 
 
 
Possession 
 
- 53 - 
 
To "possess" means to have personal charge of or exercise the right of 
ownership, management, or control over the thing possessed. 
 
 
Possession may be actual or constructive. If a thing is in the hand of or 
on the person, or in a bag or container in the hand of or on the person, or is so 
close as to be within ready reach and is under the control of the person, it is in 
the actual possession of that person. 
 
 
If a thing is in a place over which the person has control or in which the 
person has hidden or concealed it, it is in the constructive possession of that 
person. 
 
 
Possession may be joint, that is, two or more persons may jointly have 
possession of an article, exercising control over it. In that case, each of those 
persons is considered to be in possession of that article. 
 
 
If a person has exclusive possession of a thing, knowledge of its presence 
may be inferred or assumed. 
 
 
If a person does not have exclusive possession of a thing, knowledge of its 
presence may not be inferred or assumed. 
 
Possession. 
 
There are two types of possession: actual possession and constructive 
possession. 
 
 
Actual possession.  
 
Actual possession means the person is aware of the presence of the 
object and 
a. 
the object is in the hand of or on the person, or 
 
b. 
the object is in a container in the hand of or on the person, or 
 
c. 
the object is so close as to be within ready reach and is under the  
control of the person. 
 
 
Constructive possession. 
Constructive possession means the person is aware of the presence of 
the object, the object is in a place over which the person has control, and the 
person has the ability to control the object.  
 
- 54 - 
 
 
Give if applicable. 
 
Mere proximity to an object is not sufficient to establish control over 
that object when the object is in a place that the person does not control. 
 
 
Give if applicable. 
In order to establish constructive possession of an object that was in a 
place (defendant) did not control, the State must prove (defendant) (1) knew 
that the object was within [his] [her] presence and (2) exercised control or 
ownership over the object itself. 
 
Joint possession. 
Possession may be sole or joint, that is, two or more persons may be 
aware of the presence of an object and may jointly exercise control over it.  In 
that case, each of those persons is considered to be in possession of that object.  
 
Inferences.  
 
Exclusive control. Henderson v. State, 88 So. 3d 1060 (Fla. 1st DCA 2012); 
Meme v. State, 72 So. 3d 254 (Fla. 4th DCA 2011).  
 
If you find that (defendant): 
 
a. 
had direct physical custody of the [run down sheets] [tally sheets] [or] 
[other papers, records, instruments, or paraphernalia], or 
 
b. 
was within ready reach of the [run down sheets] [tally sheets] [or] [other 
papers, records, instruments, or paraphernalia] and the [run down 
sheets] [tally sheets] [or] [other papers, records, instruments, or 
paraphernalia] were under [his] [her] control, or 
  
c. 
had exclusive control of the place where the [run down sheets] [tally 
sheets] [or] [other papers, records, instruments, or paraphernalia] were 
located,  
 
you may infer that [he] [she] was aware of the presence of the [run down 
sheets] [tally sheets] [or] [other papers, records, instruments, or 
paraphernalia] and had the ability to control them.  
 
 
If (defendant) did not have exclusive control over the place where the  
[run down sheets] [tally sheets] [or] [other papers, records, instruments, or 
paraphernalia] were located, you may not infer [he] [[she] had knowledge of 
 
- 55 - 
the presence of the [run down sheets] [tally sheets] [or] [other papers, records, 
instruments, or paraphernalia] or the ability to control them, in the absence of 
other incriminating evidence.  
 
 
Give if applicable. Duncan v. State, 986 So. 2d 653 (Fla. 4th DCA 2008).  
However, you may infer that (defendant) knew of the presence of the[run 
down sheets] [tally sheets] [or] [other papers, records, instruments, or 
paraphernalia]] and had the ability to control them if [he] [she] had joint 
control over the place where the [run down sheets] [tally sheets] [or] [other 
papers, records, instruments, or paraphernalia] were located, and the [run 
down sheets] [tally sheets] [or] [other papers, records, instruments, or 
paraphernalia] were located in a common area in plain view and in the 
presence of the defendant.  
 
 
If there is evidence of an exception referred to at the end of § 849.09(1), 
Fla._Stat., in § 849.092, Fla. Stat., § 849.0931, Fla. Stat., or § 849.0935, Fla. 
Stat., or in §  849.161, Fla. Stat., an appropriate instruction should be given. 
 
Lesser Included Offenses 
 
 
No lesser included offenses have been identified for this offense. 
 
Comments 
 
See Blackburn v. Ippolito, 156 So. 2d 550, 553 (Fla. 2d DCA 1963) 
(“[T]hings other than money can constitute a sufficient consideration, moving from 
the participants in such scheme to the operators without any cash outlay being 
made.”) citing to Dorman v. Publix-Saenger-Sparks Theatres, 184 So. 886 (Fla. 
1938) (“The consideration required to support a simple contract need not be money 
or anything having a monetary value, but any consist of either a benefit to the 
promisor or a detriment to the promisee.”) and Little River Theatre Corp. v. State, 
185 So. 855 (Fla. 1939) (holding that increased attendance and receipts at a theater 
offering a “bank night” drawing satisfied the element of consideration, even 
though persons could participate in the drawing without purchasing a ticket). 
 
 
This instruction was adopted in 1981 and amended in 2015. 
 
 
- 56 - 
23.8 SELLING A MINOR INTO PROSTITUTION BY A [PARENT] 
[LEGAL GUARDIAN] [PERSON WITH CONTROL OF THE MINOR]   
§ 796.035, Fla. Stat. 
 
To prove the crime of Selling a Minor Into Prostitution By a [Parent] 
[Legal Guardian] [Person With Control of the Minor], the State must prove 
the following four elements beyond a reasonable doubt: 
 
1. 
(Defendant) [was a [parent] [legal guardian]] [had custody or 
control] of (victim). 
 
2. 
(Defendant) [sold or otherwise transferred custody or control of 
(victim)] [offered to sell or offered to otherwise transfer custody of  
(victim)]. 
 
3. 
(Defendant) did so [knowing] [in reckless disregard of the fact] 
that as a consequence of the [sale] [transfer], (victim) will engage 
in prostitution. 
 
4. 
At the time, (victim) was under the age of 18 years. 
 
Definition. 
“Prostitution” is the giving or receiving of the body for sexual activity 
for hire but excludes sexual activity between spouses. 
 
Lesser Included Offenses 
 
No lesser included offenses have been identified for this offense. 
 
Comment 
 
 
This instruction was adopted in 2013.  
 
 
29.24 HUMAN TRAFFICKING  
§ 787.06(3), Fla. Stat. 
 
To prove the crime of Human Trafficking, the State must prove the 
following two elements beyond a reasonable doubt: 
 
- 57 - 
 
1. 
(Defendant) knowingly, or in reckless disregard of the facts, 
[engaged in] [attempted to engage in] [benefited financially by 
receiving something of value from aparticipation in a venture  
that subjected a person to] human trafficking. 
 
 
Give as applicable 
2.  
(Defendant) did so [knowing] [in reckless disregard of the fact] 
that a person would be subject to human trafficking. 
 
 
§ 787.06(3)(a)1, Fla. Stat. 
The human trafficking was for the labor or services of a child. 
 
§ 787.06(3)(a)2, Fla. Stat. 
The human trafficking involved (defendant’s) use of coercion for 
the labor or services of an adult.  
 
§ 787.06(3)(b), Fla. Stat. 
The human trafficking involved (defendant’s) use of coercion for 
commercial sexual activity of an adult.   
 
§ 787.06(3)(c)1, Fla. Stat. 
The human trafficking was for the labor or services of a child who 
was an unauthorized alien. 
 
§ 787.06(3)(c)2, Fla. Stat.  
The human trafficking involved (defendant’s) use of coercion for 
the labor or services of an adult who was an unauthorized alien.   
 
§ 787.06(3)(d), Fla. Stat.  
The human trafficking involved (defendant’s) use of coercion for 
commercial sexual activity of an adult who was an unauthorized 
alien.     
 
§ 787.06(3)(e)1, Fla. Stat. 
The human trafficking was for the labor or services of a child by 
the transfer or transport of the child from outside Florida to 
within this state. 
 
§ 787.06(3)(e)2, Fla. Stat.  
 
- 58 - 
The human trafficking involved (defendant’s) use of coercion for 
the labor or services of an adult by the transfer or transport of the 
adult from outside Florida to within this state. 
 
§ 787.06(3)(f)1, Fla. Stat. 
The human trafficking was for commercial sexual activity of a 
child by the transfer or transport of the child from outside 
Florida to within this state. 
 
§ 787.06(3)(f)2, Fla. Stat. 
The human trafficking involved (defendant’s) use of coercion for 
commercial sexual activity of an adult by the transfer or transport 
of the adult from outside Florida to within this state.    
 
§ 787.06(3)(g), Fla. Stat. 
The human trafficking was for commercial sexual activity in 
which a [child] [person who is mentally defective or mentally 
incapacitated] was involved. 
 
Definitions. 
Give in all cases. 
§ 787.06(2)(d), Fla. Stat.  
“Human trafficking” means [transporting] [soliciting] [recruiting] 
[harboring] [providing] [enticing] [maintaining] [or] [obtaining] another 
person for the purpose of exploitation of that person. through:  
a. 
[coercion for labor or services]. 
 
b. 
[coercion for commercial sexual activity].  
 
c. 
[coercion for labor or services of any individual who is an 
unauthorized alien].  
 
d. 
[coercion for commercial sexual activity of any individual who is 
an unauthorized alien].  
 
e. 
[coercion for labor or services who does so by the transfer or 
transport of any individual from outside Florida to within Florida].  
 
 
- 59 - 
f. 
[coercion for commercial sexual activity who does so by the 
transfer or transport of any individual from outside Florida to within 
Florida].  
 
Give in all cases, as applicable. 
“Child” means a person under the age of 18. 
 
“Adult” means a person 18 years of age or older. 
  
Give if applicable.  
§ 787.06(2)(a), Fla. Stat.  
“Coercion” means: 
 
1. 
Using or threatening to use physical force against any person; 
 
Restraining, isolating, or confining or threatening to restrain, 
isolate, or confine any person without lawful authority and 
against her or his will; 
 
3. 
Using lending or other credit methods to establish a debt by any 
person when labor or services are pledged as a security for the 
debt, if the value of the labor or services as reasonably assessed is 
not applied toward the liquidation of the debt, the length and 
nature of the labor or services are not respectively limited and 
defined; 
 
4. 
Destroying, concealing, removing, confiscating, withholding, or 
possessing any actual or purported passport, visa, or other 
immigration document, or any other actual or purported 
government identification document, of any person; 
 
5. 
Causing or threatening to cause financial harm to any person;  
 
6. 
Enticing or luring any person by fraud or deceit; or 
 
7. 
Providing a controlled substance as outlined in Schedule [I] [II] of 
Florida Statute 893.03 to any person for the purpose of 
exploitation of that person.: 
a. 
[using coercion for labor or services].  
 
 
- 60 - 
b. 
[using coercion for commercial sexual activity].  
 
c. 
[using coercion for labor or services of any individual who 
is an  unauthorized alien].  
 
d. 
[using coercion for commercial sexual activity of any 
individual who is an unauthorized alien].  
 
e. 
[using coercion for labor or services who does so by the 
transfer  or transport of any individual from outside 
Florida to within Florida].  
 
f. 
[using coercion for commercial sexual activity who does so 
by the transfer or transport of any individual from outside 
Florida to within Florida].  
 
(Name of controlled substance) is a Schedule [I] [II] drug within 
Florida Statute 893.03. 
 
Give as applicable. 
§ 787.06(2)(b), Fla. Stat.  
“Commercial sexual activity” means: 
 
a. 
(name of chapter 796 crime). (Name of chapter 796 crime) is 
defined as (insert definition of Chapter 796 crime).  
  
b. 
an attempt to commit (name of chapter 796 crime). An 
attempt to commit (name of chapter 796 crime) is defined as 
(insert definition of attempt in Instruction 5.1 and then define 
the Chapter 796 crime).  
 
c. 
sexually explicit performances. “Sexually explicit 
performance” means an act or show, whether public or 
private, that is live, photographed, recorded, or videotaped 
and intended to arouse or satisfy the sexual desires or 
appeal to the prurient interest. 
 
d. 
the production of pornography.   
 
 
- 61 - 
§ 787.06(2)(c), Fla. Stat. Insert definition of loan sharking from §687.071 
Fla. Stat. Insert explanation of the statute of frauds from §725.01 Fla. Stat. 
“Financial harm” includes [extortionate extension of credit] [loan 
sharking] [employment contracts that violate the statute of frauds].  
 
§ 787.06(2)(e), Fla. Stat. 
“Labor” means work of economic or financial value. 
 
§ 787.06(2)(f), Fla. Stat.  
“Maintain” means in relation to labor or services, to secure or make 
possible continued performance thereof, regardless of any initial agreement 
on the part of a victim to perform such type service. 
 
§ 787.06(2)(g), Fla. Stat.  
“Obtain” means, in relation to labor or services, to secure performance 
thereof. 
 
§ 787.06(2)(h), Fla. Stat. 
“Services” means any act committed at the behest of, under the 
supervision of, or for the benefit of another. [The term includes, but is not 
limited to [forced marriage] [servitude] [the removal of organs].] 
 
§ 787.06(2)(j), Fla. Stat. See 8 U.S.C. s. 1324a(h)(3). 
“Unauthorized alien” means an alien who is not authorized under 
federal law to be employed in the United States. 
 
§ 787.06(2)(k), Fla. Stat. 
“Venture” means any group of two or more individuals associated in 
fact, whether or not a legal entity. 
 
§ 787.06(3)(g), 794.011(1), Fla. Stat. 
 
“Mentally incapacitated” means that a person is rendered temporarily 
incapable of appraising or controlling his or her conduct due to the influence 
of a narcotic, anesthetic, or intoxicating substance administered to that person 
without his or her consent, or due to any other act committed upon that 
person without his or her consent. 
 
 
“Mentally defective” means that a person suffers from a mental disease 
or defect that renders that person temporarily or permanently incapable of 
appraising the nature of his or her conduct. 
 
- 62 - 
 
Enhanced penalty. § 787.06(3)(g) and (h), Fla. Stat. Give if applicable but 
only in cases where the exploitation involves commercial sexual activity. 
If you find the defendant guilty of Human Trafficking Involving 
Commercial Sexual Activity, you must then determine whether the State has 
proven beyond a reasonable doubt that: a person under the age of [15] [18] 
was involved. 
 
Enhanced penalty. § 787.06(3)(g) and (h), Fla. Stat. Give if applicable.  
If the defendant had a reasonable opportunity to observe (victim), the 
State does not need to prove that the defendant knew that (victim) had not 
attained the age of [15][18] years.    
 
 
Give if requested. § 787.06(8), Fla. Stat. 
 
The defendant’s ignorance of the victim’s age, the victim’s 
misrepresentation of his or her age, or the defendant’s bona fide belief of the 
victim’s age is not a defense to the crime charged. 
 
Lesser Included Offenses 
 
 
No lesser included offenses have been identified for this offense. 
 
Comments 
 
A conviction under § 787.06(3)(f)1, Fla. Stat., (human trafficking via 
commercial sexual activity of a child by transport or transfer into Florida) is a 
felony of the first degree, punishable by imprisonment for a term of years not 
exceeding life. However, a conviction under 787.06(3)(g) (human trafficking via 
commercial sexual activity where a child was involved but without a finding that 
the child was transported from outside the state) is a life felony. 
 
 
This instruction was adopted in 2013 [131 So. 3d 692] and amended in 2015. 
 
29.25 HUMAN TRAFFICKING BY A [PARENT] [LEGAL GUARDIAN]  
[PERSON WITH CUSTODY OR CONTROL] OF A MINOR 
§ 787.06(4), Fla. Stat. 
 
To prove the crime of Human Trafficking By a [Parent] [Legal 
Guardian] [Person With Custody or Control] of a Minor, the State must 
prove the following four elements beyond a reasonable doubt: 
 
- 63 - 
 
1. 
(Defendant) [was a parent] [was a legal guardian] [had custody or 
control] of (victim). 
 
2.  
(Defendant) [sold or otherwise transferred custody or control of 
(victim)] [offered to sell or offered to otherwise transfer custody of  
(victim)]. 
 
3. 
(Defendant) did so [knowing] [or] [in reckless disregard of the 
fact] that as a consequence of the sale or transfer, (victim) would 
be subjected to human trafficking. 
 
4. 
At the time, (victim) was under the age of 18 years. 
 
 
Definitions. 
 
Give in all cases. 
§ 787.06(2)(d), Fla. Stat. 
“Human trafficking” means [transporting] [soliciting] [recruiting] 
[harboring] [providing] [enticing] [maintaining] [or] [obtaining] another 
person for the purpose of exploitation of that person. through:  
a. 
[coercion for labor or services].  
 
b. 
[coercion for commercial sexual activity].  
 
c. 
[coercion for labor or services of any individual who is an 
unauthorized alien].  
 
d. 
[coercion for commercial sexual activity of any individual who is 
an unauthorized alien].  
 
e. 
[coercion for labor or services who does so by the transfer or 
transport of any individual from outside Florida to within 
Florida].  
 
f. 
[coercion for commercial sexual activity who does so by the 
transfer or transport of any individual from outside Florida to 
within Florida].  
 
Give in all cases, as applicable. 
§ 787.06(2)(a), Fla. Stat.  
 
- 64 - 
“Coercion” means: 
1. 
Using or threatening to use physical force against any person; 
 
Restraining, isolating, or confining or threatening to restrain, 
isolate,or confine any person without lawful authority and against 
her or his will; 
 
Using lending or other credit methods to establish a debt by any person 
when labor or services are pledged as a security for the debt, if the 
value of the labor or services as reasonably assessed is not applied 
toward the liquidation of the debt, the length and nature of the 
labor or services are not respectively limited and defined; 
 
Destroying, concealing, removing, confiscating, withholding, or 
possessing any actual or purported passport, visa, or other 
immigration document, or any other actual or purported 
government identification document, of any person; 
 
Causing or threatening to cause financial harm to any person;  
 
Enticing or luring any person by fraud or deceit; or 
 
Providing a controlled substance as outlined in Schedule [I] [II] of 
Florida Statute 893.03 to any person for the purpose of:  
a. 
[using coercion for labor or services].  
 
b. 
[using coercion for commercial sexual activity].  
 
c. 
[using coercion for labor or services of any individual who 
is an  unauthorized alien].  
 
d. 
[using coercion for commercial sexual activity of any 
individual who is an unauthorized alien].  
 
e. 
[using coercion for labor or services who does so by the 
transfer  or transport of any individual from outside 
Florida to within Florida].  
 
 
- 65 - 
f. 
[using coercion for commercial sexual activity who does so 
by the transfer or transport of any individual from outside 
Florida to within Florida].  
 
(Name of controlled substance) is a Schedule [I] [II] drug within 
Florida Statute 893.03. 
 
Give as applicable. 
§ 787.06(2)(b), Fla. Stat.  
“Commercial sexual activity” means: 
a. 
(name of chapter 796 crime). (Name of chapter 796 crime) is defined 
as (insert definition of Chapter 796 crime).  
  
b. 
an attempt to commit (name of chapter 796 crime). An attempt to 
commit (name of chapter 796 crime) is defined as (insert definition 
of attempt in Instruction 5.1 and then define the Chapter 796 crime).  
 
c. 
sexually explicit performances. “Sexually explicit performance” 
means an act or show, whether public or private, that is live, 
photographed, recorded, or videotaped and intended to arouse or 
satisfy the sexual desires or appeal to the prurient interest. 
 
d. 
the production of pornography.   
 
§ 787.06(2)(c), Fla. Stat. Insert definition of loan sharking from § 687.071, 
Fla. Stat. Insert explanation of the statute of frauds from § 725.01, Fla. Stat. 
“Financial harm” includes [extortionate extension of credit] [loan 
sharking] [employment contracts that violate the statute of frauds].  
 
§ 787.06(2)(e), Fla. Stat.  
“Labor” means work of economic or financial value. 
 
§ 787.06(2)(f), Fla. Stat. 
“Maintain” means in relation to labor or services, to secure or make 
possible continued performance thereof, regardless of any initial agreement 
on the part of a victim to perform such type service. 
 
§ 787.06(2)(g), Fla. Stat. 
“Obtain” means, in relation to labor or services, to secure performance 
thereof. 
 
- 66 - 
 
§ 787.06(2)(h), Fla. Stat. 
“Services” means any act committed at the behest of, under the 
supervision of, or for the benefit of another. [The term includes, but is not 
limited to [forced marriage] [servitude] [the removal of organs].] 
 
§ 787.06(2)(j), Fla. Stat. See 8 U.S.C. s. 1324a(h)(3). 
“Unauthorized alien” means an alien who is not authorized under 
federal law to be employed in the United States. 
 
Enhanced penalty. § 787.06(3)(h), Fla. Stat. Give if applicable but only in 
cases where the exploitation involves commercial sexual activity. 
If you find the defendant guilty of Human Trafficking Involving 
Commercial Sexual Activity, you must then determine whether the State has 
proven beyond a reasonable doubt that the minor was under the age of 15. 
 
§ 787.06(3)(g) and (h), Fla. Stat. Give if applicable but only in cases where 
the exploitation involves commercial sexual activity.  
If the defendant had a reasonable opportunity to observe (victim), the 
State does not need to prove that the defendant knew that (victim) had not 
attained the age of [15] [or] [18] years. 
 
Lesser Included Offenses 
 
 
No lesser included offenses have been identified for this offense. 
 
Comment 
 
 
This instruction was adopted in 2013 [131 So. 3d 692] and amended in 2015.