Title: Wright v. State
Citation: N/A
Docket Number: SC19-2123
State: Florida
Issuer: Florida Supreme Court
Date: January 7, 2021

Supreme Court of Florida 
 
____________ 
 
No. SC19-2123 
____________ 
 
JOEL DALE WRIGHT, 
Appellant, 
 
vs. 
 
STATE OF FLORIDA, 
Appellee. 
 
January 7, 2021 
 
PER CURIAM. 
 
Joel Dale Wright appeals an order of the circuit court denying his successive 
postconviction motion filed pursuant to Florida Rule of Criminal Procedure 3.851.  
We have jurisdiction.  See art. V, § 3(b)(1), Fla. Const. 
BACKGROUND 
 
In 1983, Wright was convicted of first-degree murder, sexual battery, 
burglary of a dwelling, and second-degree grand theft.  He was sentenced to death.  
Wright v. State, 473 So. 2d 1277 (Fla. 1985).  His death sentence became final 
when the United States Supreme Court denied certiorari review on January 21, 
1986.  Wright v. Florida, 474 U.S. 1094 (1986).  This Court subsequently affirmed 
the denial of Wright’s first three postconviction motions.  Wright v. State, 581 So. 
 
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2d 882 (Fla. 1991); Wright v. State, 857 So. 2d 861 (Fla. 2003); Wright v. State, 
995 So. 2d 324 (Fla. 2008). 
 
In 2017, Wright filed a third successive postconviction motion raising claims 
based on the retroactivity of Hurst v. Florida, 577 U.S. 92 (2016), Hurst v. State, 
202 So. 3d 40 (Fla. 2016), and chapter 2017-1, Laws of Fla.1  He now appeals the 
denial of his most recent postconviction claims. 
ANALYSIS 
The crux of Wright’s argument on appeal is that this Court’s decision in 
Hurst v. State established a new offense—capital first-degree murder—and that the 
jury sentencing determinations described in Hurst are “elements” of that new 
offense.  From that assertion, Wright insists that Hurst created a substantive rule of 
law that dates back to Florida’s original capital sentencing statute, thereby 
requiring Wright’s death sentence to be vacated on the ground that certain 
elements of his crime were never found by a jury. 
We rejected a similar argument in Foster v. State, 258 So. 3d 1248, 1251 
(Fla. 2018).  As we explained in Foster, there is no independent crime of “capital 
first-degree murder”; the crime of first-degree murder is, by definition, a capital 
crime, and Hurst v. State did not change the elements of that crime.  Id. at 1251-52 
 
1. Chapter 2017-1, Laws of Florida was a legislative enactment by which 
Florida’s capital sentencing statute was amended to require jury sentencing 
determinations of the kind described in Hurst v. State. 
 
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(holding that when a jury makes Hurst determinations, “it only does so after a jury 
has unanimously convicted the defendant of the capital crime of first-degree 
murder”). 
Moreover, “[w]e have consistently applied our decision in Asay [v. State, 
210 So. 3d 1 (Fla. 2016)], denying the retroactive application of Hurst v. Florida 
as interpreted in Hurst v. State to defendants whose death sentences were final 
when the Supreme Court decided Ring v. Arizona, 536 U.S. 584 (2002).”  
Hitchcock v. State, 226 So. 3d 216, 217 (Fla. 2017).  Wright echoes other pre-Ring 
defendants who have advanced myriad legal theories that, in the end, turn on pleas 
for a retroactive application of Hurst.  But this Court has rejected such arguments, 
however styled.  See, e.g., Lambrix v. State, 227 So. 3d 112, 113 (Fla. 2017) 
(rejecting arguments based on “the Eighth Amendment,” “denial of due process 
and equal protection,” and “a substantive right based on the legislative passage of 
chapter 2017-1, Laws of Florida”). 
Finally, Wright offers an extensive critique of this Court’s decision in State 
v. Poole, 297 So. 3d 487 (Fla. 2020), where we partially receded from Hurst.  We 
need not address Poole here, however, because Wright’s claims fail even under our 
pre-Poole jurisprudence on Hurst and retroactivity. 
For these reasons, we affirm the trial court’s denial of postconviction relief. 
It is so ordered. 
 
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POLSTON, LABARGA, LAWSON, MUÑIZ, COURIEL, and GROSSHANS, JJ., 
concur. 
CANADY, C.J., concurs in result. 
 
NOT FINAL UNTIL TIME EXPIRES TO FILE REHEARING MOTION AND, 
IF FILED, DETERMINED. 
 
An Appeal from the Circuit Court in and for Putnam County, 
Raul A. Zambrano, Judge - Case No. 541983CF000376CFAXMX 
 
Neal Dupree, Capital Collateral Regional Counsel, Vincent M. D’Agostino, Staff 
Attorney, and Martin J. McClain, Special Assistant Capital Collateral Regional 
Counsel, Southern Region, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, 
 
 
for Appellant 
 
Ashley Moody, Attorney General, Tallahassee, Florida, and Doris Meacham, 
Assistant Attorney General, Daytona Beach, Florida, 
 
 
for Appellee