Title: Payne v. Com.
Citation: 623 S.W.2d 867
Docket Number: N/A
State: Kentucky
Issuer: Kentucky Supreme Court
Date: October 13, 1981

623 S.W.2d 867 (1981) Kenneth N. PAYNE, Appellant, v. COMMONWEALTH of Kentucky, Appellee. Supreme Court of Kentucky. October 13, 1981. Rehearing Denied December 15, 1981. *869 Jack E. Farley, Public Advocate, M. Gail Robinson, Kevin Michael McNally, Asst. Public Advocates, Frankfort, for appellant. Steven L. Beshear, Atty. Gen., Carl T. Miller, Jr., Asst. Atty. Gen., Frankfort, for appellee. STERNBERG, Justice. A Fayette County Grand Jury, on November 12, 1979, returned an indictment against the appellant charging him with eight counts of first-degree sodomy (KRS 510.070), one count of first-degree sexual abuse (KRS 510.110), and twenty counts of using a minor in a sexual performance (KRS 531.310). The acts giving rise to this indictment occurred during 1978 and 1979 and involved eleven juveniles and the appellant. The eight counts of sodomy charge appellant with deviate sexual intercourse with a boy less than twelve years of age. The one count of sexual abuse charges appellant with subjecting a boy under the age of twelve years to sexual contact. Seven of the twenty counts of using a minor in a sexual performance are predicated upon appellant's act of video-taping a sexual performance by boys under the age of sixteen years. The remaining thirteen counts of using a minor in a sexual performance are predicated upon appellant's act of taking photographs of a juvenile less than sixteen years of age engaged in sexual conduct. A nine-day jury trial resulted in appellant's being found guilty on all counts. The jury recommended the minimum sentence for each count, which would make a total sentence of forty years, and that all sentences run concurrently, for a maximum commitment of twenty years. The trial court sentenced appellant to the minimum penalty on each offense, but provided for the sentences to run consecutively, for a maximum period of forty years. Appellant's motion for a new trial was denied. He brings this case to this court as a matter of right. On this appeal appellant argues ten alleged errors. The first two issues will be considered and disposed of together. They charge that: At the appropriate time counsel for appellant requested the trial court to permit final arguments to include a discussion of the consequences of a NGRI verdict. Also, counsel for appellant tendered and sought to have the trial judge instruct the jury on the consequences of a NGRI verdict. Both motions were denied. The time has come for this court to reevaluate our position on these two very important issues. In Edwards v. Commonwealth, Ky., 554 S.W.2d 380, 383 (1977), we held that an *870 instruction which informs the jury that a defendant found not guilty by reason of insanity would be admitted to a mental hospital for treatment is improper because it ". . . has no legitimate bearing on the issue of fact to be decided by the jury when the defense of insanity has been raised, that issue being whether the defendant was mentally responsible when the criminal act was done . . . ." While denying a jury instruction on the consequences of an acquittal by reason of insanity, our cases have allowed both prosecuting and defense counsel during closing arguments to comment on the consequences of an insanity verdict. Jewell v. Commonwealth, Ky., 549 S.W.2d 807 (1977); Gall v. Commonwealth, Ky., 607 S.W.2d 97 (1980); Paul v. Commonwealth, Ky., 625 S.W.2d 569 (1981). The main function of the jury is to determine guilt or innocence. The constitutional right to a trial by jury is limited to that determination. Perry v. Commonwealth, Ky., 407 S.W.2d 714 (1966), cert. den. 386 U.S. 968, 87 S. Ct. 1052, 18 L. Ed. 2d 121; Allison v. Gray, Ky., 296 S.W.2d 735 (1956), cert. den. 353 U.S. 914, 77 S. Ct. 673, 1 L. Ed. 2d 668; Williams v. Jones, Ky., 338 S.W.2d 693 (1960), cert. den. 365 U.S. 847, 81 S. Ct. 808, 5 L. Ed. 2d 811. The consideration of future consequences such as treatment, civil commitment, probation, shock probation, and parole have no place in the jury's finding of fact and may serve to distort it. For that reason we now hold that neither the prosecutor, defense counsel, nor the court may make any comment about the consequences of a particular verdict at any time during a criminal trial. To the extent that Jewell, Gall, and Paul, supra, are inconsistent with this decision, they are overruled. We adhere to the reasoning of Edwards, supra: external considerations have no legitimate bearing on the jury's factual determination of guilt or innocence. Appellant charges that the statute prohibiting the use of a minor in a sexual performance (KRS 531.310), as interpreted through its definitional counterpart (KRS 531.300), violates the First and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution and Sections Eight and Eleven of the Kentucky Constitution as being vague and overbroad. In Bailey v. Farmers' Bank of White Plains, 227 Ky. 179, 12 S.W.2d 312 (1928), this court said, "The law usually is what the average reasonable man thinks it ought to be." In Arlan's Dept. Store of Louisville v. Commonwealth, Ky., 369 S.W.2d 9 (1963), we recognized ". . . that if a law is so vague that the average reasonable man cannot intelligently choose in advance which course to follow, it is void." Hindsight is better than foresight and any statutory scheme may possibly have been drafted more articulately. However, "(c)ondemned to the use of words, we can never expect mathematical certainty from our language." Grayned v. City of Rockford, 408 U.S. 104, 110, 92 S. Ct. 2294, 2300, 33 L. Ed. 2d 222, 228-9 (1972). The precise statutory language in question in this case runs afoul of neither the vagueness nor the overbreadth constitutional prohibitions. KRS 531.310(1) is as follows: When making any determination in this area, the purpose of the rule against vagueness must be remembered. After dissecting the definitional statute, KRS 531.300, it is appellant's position that a person of ordinary intelligence is unable to determine what sort of conduct is proscribed by the statute prohibiting the use of a minor in a sexual performance. KRS 531.310. Appellant contends that the prohibition of the use of minors in actual or simulated "acts of . . . homosexuality (or) lesbianism" is unconstitutionally vague. He finds impermissible vagueness in what he claims is the "circular definitional" process in which sexual conduct includes obscene exhibition of genitals and nudity, while the obscenity definition of KRS 531.300(3)(b) refers back to the sexual conduct definition. Appellant complains that it is unclear whether the homosexual or lesbian activity prohibition includes such seemingly innocuous activity as "two females embracing or two males standing with their arms around each other." As this court has noted, ". . . common sense must not be a stranger in the house of the law." Cantrell v. Kentucky Unemployment Insurance Commission, Ky., 450 S.W.2d 235, 237 (1970). The definitional section read as a whole, coupled with a reference to any standard dictionary, should provide the ordinary person of common sense a clear enough indication of the type of acts prohibited. The possibility of unreasonable enforcement of any statutory prohibition always exists no matter how precise the statute and judicial interpretations of it. A similar analysis dispenses with appellant's "circular definition" contention. It is true that KRS 531.300(4)(b) and (d) include in the definition of "sexual conduct by a minor" the obscene exhibitions of genitals and nudity. It is also true, as appellant claims, that KRS 531.300(3)(b), in providing a part of the definition "obscene," requires the material to depict or describe sexual conduct by a minor in a patently offensive way. Were this the entire definition of obscene, the reference back and forth between the sections may well be confusing to the ordinary person of common sense. However, appellant fails to note that the other two subsections in the definition of obscene, KRS 531.300(3)(a) and (c), which, together with KRS 531.300(3)(b), must be considered in determining whether the exhibition of male or female genitals or nudity constitutes "sexual conduct by a minor." Thus, in the subject action the exhibition or exposure of the unclothed human male or female genitals, pubic area or buttocks, or the female breast, as included in KRS 531.300(4)(b) and (d), is obscene and sexual conduct under the statute. The method of legislation by definitional cross-reference is one of common usage. It makes for clarity rather than vagueness. Appellant submits that a clear and precise enactment may nevertheless be broad if in its reach it prohibits constitutionally protected conduct. The primary purpose of the Kentucky statute relating to sexual exploitation of minors is clearly to protect children from the conduct of being used in a sexual performance. The word "use" is the cornerstone of the statute (KRS 531.310), and appellant's argument relating to statutes dealing with promoting and distributing materials portraying a sexual performance by a minor misses the mark when applied to the statute upon which he was charged and convicted. A greater degree of constitutional scrutiny is given statutes prohibiting the promotion and distribution of such materials. The courts clearly distinguish statutes protecting a minor from actual use in a sexual performance. Such conduct does not give rise to the same special free speech protection given the film or other media. In U.S. v. O'Brien, 391 U.S. 367, 376, 88 S. Ct. 1673, 1678, 20 L. Ed. 2d 672, 679 (1968), the Supreme Court of the United States stated: "We cannot accept the view that an apparently limitless variety of conduct can be labeled `speech' whenever the person engaging in the conduct intends thereby to express an idea." *872 Appellant cites two cases to support his overbreadth contention: Graham v. Hill, 444 F. Supp. 584 (W.D.Tex.1978), and St. Martin's Press, Inc. v. Carey, 440 F. Supp. 1196 (S.D.N.Y.1977). These two cases, in considering child pornography legislation, deal not with separate provisions prohibiting the use of children in sexual performances but with persons promoting or selling alleged child pornography. Indeed, in Graham, supra, the federal district court, in noting the important state interest in protecting minors from abusive and damaging conduct, said: Any overbreadth problems must be considered then in light of the less favored position of conduct in the constitutional framework. In order to declare a statute facially invalid on these grounds, "its deterrent effect on legitimate expression (must be) both real and substantial." Erznoznik v. City of Jacksonville, 422 U.S. 205, 216, 95 S. Ct. 2268, 2276, 45 L. Ed. 2d 125, 135 (1975). Appellant was charged with and convicted for his conduct in using minors in sexual performances, which he happened to photograph and videotape. Any deterrent effect on legitimate expression in these or any other conceivable circumstances cannot be said to be real or substantial. In support of his argument on this issue, appellant relies on the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution and to Section Eleven of the Kentucky Constitution. Having found that KRS 531.310 is not unconstitutionally vague or broad as measured by the First and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution and by Sections Eight and Eleven of the Kentucky Constitution, such finding carries with it the validity of the definition statute (KRS 531.300) since it was an integral part of the consideration required to be given in the determination of the validity of KRS 531.310. Appellant challenges the sufficiency of the evidence as measured by these constitutional provisions to prove some of the counts of using a minor in a sexual performance. While admitting that the evidence does depict sexual conduct as defined by KRS 531.300(4)(a) and (b) as to some of the counts of the indictment, appellant charges that the evidence does not however show sexual conduct as to other counts of the indictment. Appellant unsuccessfully sought to have the trial judge dismiss all counts of the indictment in which videotapes or photographs were involved. He argued that these particular counts of the indictment were not covered by KRS 531.310, since, allegedly, neither the photographs nor videotapes depict sexual conduct and were taken for personal viewing and not for profit. This argument of the appellant must fall for two reasons: (1) the statute under which the appellant was indicted, tried, and convicted properly charged the offenses, and (2) there was sufficient evidence to take the case to the jury. Counsel for appellant argues that, "Appellant was denied due process of law because `no rational trier of fact could have found guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.'" However, a review of the evidence as it pertained to the challenged counts does not support appellant's contention. The answer to this issue is found in Trowel v. Commonwealth, Ky., 550 S.W.2d 530 (1977), wherein we said: *873 The trial court correctly weighed the evidence and properly submitted to the jury the issue of using a minor in a sexual performance as charged in the above-numbered counts. Eight counts of the indictment for first-degree sodomy (KRS 510.070(1)(b)(2)), a Class A felony, and one count for first-degree sexual abuse (KRS 510.110(1)(b)(2)), a Class D felony, involve a minor less than twelve years of age. Both KRS 510.070 and 510.110 contain a conclusive presumption provision that a minor twelve years of age cannot consent to sodomy or sexual abuse. In further dealing with lack of consent, it is stated in KRS 510.020(1) and (3)(a) that: Appellant asserts that his convictions cannot stand because they are based on an irrational conclusive presumption in violation of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution and Section Eleven of the Kentucky Constitution. In dealing with the philosophy, not constitutionality of the legislation but with the philosophy itself, of establishing an age at which a person is conclusively presumed to be unable to consent to an act of sex, this court has dealt with it at length. We have not, however, answered the question of whether the legislature can constitutionally establish an age at which a person is conclusively presumed to be unable to consent to an act of sex. Neither counsel for appellant nor counsel for the Commonwealth has referred this court to an opinion of any court which would deny or sanction the constitutionality of such legislation. Our independent research has not revealed such authority. It is hornbook law that sex-oriented offenses, especially those involving minors and more especially involving minors in the age bracket of ten to twelve years, have had special attention not only by the legislature but by the courts generally. This court, in speaking to the age of consent proposition, in Merriss v. Commonwealth, 287 Ky. 58, 151 S.W.2d 1030 (1941), said, "In the reign of Queen Elizabeth carnal knowledge of a female child under ten years of age was by statute made a felony even though she consented to the act . . . ." In Nider v. Commonwealth, 140 Ky. 684, 131 S.W. 1024 (1910), this court was faced with a conviction of the crime of carnally knowing a female under the age of sixteen years. The purpose of the statute was discussed at length with this conclusion: In Lair v. Commonwealth, Ky., 330 S.W.2d 938 (1960), this court was concerned with the violation of the statute prohibiting indecent and immoral practices. In differentiating this statute from others dealing with sex offenses, we wrote: *874 In Cooper v. Commonwealth, Ky., 550 S.W.2d 478 (1977), this court was faced with a conviction on charges of sodomy in the first degree, assault in the second degree, and unlawful imprisonment in the second degree. In the course of the opinion we undertook to demonstrate the wisdom of statutes dealing with different ages of consent. In doing so, we quoted liberally from the Commentary accompanying KRS 510.140 as follows: The Commentary to Chapter 510, Sexual Offenses, deals with the ages of consent, with the following reasoning. In Michael M. v. Superior Court of Sonoma County, Calif., 450 U.S. 464, 101 S. Ct. 1200, 67 L. Ed. 2d 437 (1981), the question presented to the Supreme Court of the United States was whether California's statutory rape law violated the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution by providing gender-based classifications. Appellant, a 17½-year-old male, had had unlawful sexual intercourse with a female under the age of 18 years in violation of the California statutory rape law. Challenge to *875 the statute was made on constitutional grounds asserting that the statute unlawfully discriminated on the basis of gender. In dealing with the subject, the Supreme Court wrote that the legislature may provide for special problems of women. Appellant contended that the statute was unconstitutional as it applied to him because he, like Sharon, was under 18 at the time of sexual intercourse. Therein, it is stated: The Supreme Court of California found that the classification "male and female" was supported not by mere social convention but by the psychological fact that it is the female exclusively who can become pregnant. It then portrayed the tragic human cost of illegal teenage pregnancies, including the large number of teenage abortions, the medical risks associated with teenage pregnancies, and the social consequences of teenage childbearing. It concluded that the state has a compelling interest in preventing such conditions and that the California statute did not violate the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. The United States Supreme Court affirmed the reasoning of the California Supreme Court. Appellant stresses the impropriety of an irrebuttable presumption against consent. The United States Supreme Court has dealt with the irrebuttable presumption doctrine as it applies to age, but only as it has been considered in civil actions, not in criminal proceedings. Presumptions in the annals of criminal law, both rebuttable and irrebuttable, have been narrowly and cautiously applied. In Leary v. United States, 395 U.S. 6, 89 S. Ct. 1532, 23 L. Ed. 2d 57 (1969), it is held that a rebuttable presumption must at least be said, with substantial assurance, to have likely flowed from the proven facts on which it is made to depend. So much for rebuttable presumptions. More stringent must be the test as applied to irrebuttable presumptions. The conclusive presumption of inability to consent is not of recent vintage. It has been with us at least from the reign of Queen Elizabeth of England (1558-1603). Coming to this country as a part of our common law, the doctrine has universally been spoken to by the state legislative bodies. The truth of the facts upon which the presumption has been based are beyond cavil. The state has a recognized interest in the welfare of its citizens who, by reason of age or physical or mental disability, cannot care for themselves. So it is with children of tender years. The conclusive presumption that children less than sixteen years of age are unable to give consent to sex acts is but a further extension of the protective arm of government which is universally followed. We have no hesitancy in holding that the irrebuttable presumption that minors, male or female, less than sixteen years of age, which would, of course, encompass those minors twelve years of age, are unable to give consent to sex acts does not violate the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution or Section Eleven of the Constitution of the Commonwealth of Kentucky. Appellant petitioned the trial court for a change of venue based on the allegation that due to widespread dissemination of prejudicial material the appellant could not obtain a fair and impartial trial in Fayette County, Kentucky. KRS 452.220 deals with change of venue. KRS 452.220(2) is as follows: Counsel for appellant accompanied his motion for a change of venue with 26 form affidavits. Copies of numerous articles from newspapers, not limited to local circulation, commenting in a manner unfavorable to appellant on the charges that were made against him were filed in support of his motion. The Commonwealth countered with 18 affidavits to the effect that appellant could and would obtain a fair and impartial trial in Fayette County. The court held a hearing on the motion and, in denying it, said, "Even though this case has received much publicity there does not exist a considerable probability of the accused being unable to obtain a fair and impartial trial in Fayette County." The question of whether venue should be changed addresses itself to the sound discretion of the trial court. In Williams v. Commonwealth, 287 Ky. 570, 154 S.W.2d 563 (1941), this court discussed the propriety of a motion for a change of venue. We wrote: Counsel for appellant argues that the trial court erroneously used the "considerable probability" of the accused being unable to obtain a fair and impartial trial rather than a "reasonable likelihood" that in the absence of such relief a fair trial cannot be had. The former premise was used by this court in the Williams case, supra, and has been followed consistently. We see no need for a change at this time. However, we have weighed the evidence and the totality of the circumstances in light of the rule suggested by appellant, and find that there is no abuse of discretion on the part of the trial judge in denying appellant's motion for a change of venue. Appellant has not called this court's attention to any fact or circumstance that would indicate or even hint that the jury that tried him was not impartial. At the conclusion of the Commonwealth's case, counsel for appellant informed the court that he had advised the appellant to testify but that appellant would not do so because of the presence of the press. Appellant argues that the trial court violated the Fifth, Sixth and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution and Section Eleven of the Kentucky Constitution by closing the trial during the testimony of the minor witnesses but refusing closure should appellant testify. Appellant did not testify. He does not question the propriety of the closure itself but claims that under the circumstances of this case he was denied a fair trial by the refusal of the court also to close the trial during his testimony. While appellant claims his fear of causing irreparable harm to the juvenile witnesses prompted his refusal to testify, it is difficult to discern any harm to appellant resulting from his choice not to testify. Clearly, in any retrial of the case all testimony would be in open court, Lexington Herald Leader Co., Inc. v. Tackett, Ky., 601 S.W.2d 905 (1980), and appellant would be placed in the same dilemma in which he found himself at the first trial. It is also clear that the testimony of the victims was eventually to have been made public, id. at 906. Given these facts, appellant's articulated reasons for refusing to testify are questionable, and the harm resulting therefrom, if any, was the result of his own choice. The United States Supreme Court has noted that many factors influence the defendant's choice of whether to testify, and it concluded "it is not thought inconsistent with the enlightened administration of criminal justice to require the defendant to weigh such pros and cons in deciding whether to testify." McGautha v. California, 402 U.S. 183, 215, 91 S. Ct. 1454, 1471, 23 L. Ed. 2d 711, 713 (1971). Here, appellant was not even faced with a choice of trial strategy, and his defense strategy was not curtailed by the trial court's actions. Rather, he chose not to testify based on his alleged personal concern for the children. The decision whether to take the witness stand is solely on the defendant, and absent an action of substantial prejudice by the trial court, the defendant may not be heard to demand reversal because, in retrospect, he may have made the wrong decision. No rights of the appellant guaranteed to him by the Fifth, Sixth and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution and Section Eleven of the Kentucky Constitution were denied by the action of the trial court in its refusal to order closure during his testimony. Prior to trial, counsel for the Commonwealth and counsel for the appellant conferred with the trial judge relative to the use of a videotape (Commonwealth Exhibit 6) and twenty photographs of nude boys (Commonwealth Exhibit 21). Over objection of counsel for appellant, the trial judge ruled that this evidence was competent. Appellant charges that the admission of this evidence constituted unnecessary overkill, was in violation of the Sixth and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution and Section Eleven of the Kentucky Constitution, and was prejudicial to him. Appellant sought to stipulate to all of the acts shown on the videotape; however, counsel for the Commonwealth did not agree to the proposed stipulation and insisted on showing the tape. This court knows of no rule or principle of law that requires the Commonwealth's Attorney to try his case by stipulation. The videotape showed acts of perversion on the part of appellant, and in one instance it showed an unidentified minor. The trial judge was of the opinion that the whole tape, when viewed in light of the nature of the charges made against appellant, was competent to show design or pattern. *878 The twenty photographs of unidentified nude boys against whom no charges had been filed were, over objection of counsel for appellant, permitted to be introduced into evidence. These photographs, like the videotape, were competent to show design and pattern. The videotape and photographs being competent evidence, it was not improper to permit them to be viewed by the jury, and the fact that the introduction of them into evidence may have been prejudicial to appellant does not make them less admissible. If the evidence offered by the Commonwealth in criminal cases was not prejudicial to the defendant, it is unlikely that there would ever be a conviction. In his brief counsel for appellant argues that the use of the videotape and the photographs "deprived him (appellant) of a fair trial in violation of the Sixth and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution and Section Eleven of the Kentucky Constitution." This assertion by appellant is not supported by any discussion of the constitutional issue. As a matter of fact, in concluding appellant's discussion of this issue, he writes, "Because the videotape and the twenty photos were prejudicial, unnecessary overkill, appellant requests reversal of his conviction." The constitutional questions attempted to be raised here were not presented to the trial court for its consideration; consequently, come too late at this point in time. Nevertheless, upon a consideration of the issues, we find that there is no violation of the Sixth and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution or of Section Eleven of the Kentucky Constitution. The trial court did not err in permitting the videotape and the photographs to be put in evidence. Appellant charges that the witnesses Ronnie and Donnie Good, eight-year-old twins, whose pictures appear on the videotape, did not understand the meaning of telling the truth and should not have been permitted to testify. Prior to permitting these children to testify, the court held a hearing out of the presence of the jury to determine their qualifications. At the conclusion of the hearing, the trial court said: In Hendricks v. Commonwealth, Ky., 550 S.W.2d 551 (1977), this court said, "The determination of the competency of a child witness rests within the sound discretion of the trial judge." A review of the testimony of both Ronnie and Donnie Good reveals that each of them was able to recall and narrate the facts without minimizing or exaggerating them. In the discussion of this issue, as in the discussion of issue No. VIII, counsel for appellant attempts to raise both federal and state constitutional questions that were not presented to the trial court for its consideration; consequently, they came too late. We see no violation of either the Sixth or Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution or of Section Eleven of the Kentucky Constitution. The action of the trial judge in permitting Ronnie and Donnie Good to testify is *879 supported by the record, and we do not find that the court abused its discretion in permitting the infants to testify. Appellant finally contends he was deprived of a fair trial by the Commonwealth's use of the term insanity during the trial and the trial court's use of it in its instructions. Without regard to whether defense counsel properly objected in all instances to the use of the term, appellant's contention is without merit. Shorthand terms often are used in order to facilitate communications in the courtroom. As noted by the Commonwealth, "the jury is deemed capable of exercising reason and logic." Commonwealth v. Tyree, Ky., 365 S.W.2d 472, 477 (1963). It is therefore not unreasonable to expect that the jury will make its decision based upon the final instructions given by the trial judge. Here, the trial judge gave an instruction outlining the elements of KRS 504.020, the "mental disease or defect" statute relied upon by appellant. Interpreting the evidence presented in light of the instruction and the statutory requirements included therein, the jury rejected appellant's "mental disease or defect" defense and found him responsible for the criminal conduct for which he was convicted. The use of the term insanity by the Commonwealth and the trial court did not deprive appellant of a fair trial. The judgment of the Fayette Circuit Court from which this appeal followed is affirmed. PALMORE, C.J., and AKER, CLAYTON, LUKOWSKY, STEPHENS, STEPHENSON and STERNBERG, JJ., sitting. PALMORE, C.J., and AKER, CLAYTON, STEPHENS and STERNBERG, JJ., concur. LUKOWSKY, J., concurs in result only. STEPHENSON, J., dissents to the extent that the opinion will now prohibit comment during closing argument on the consequences of an insanity verdict. In all other respects he concurs in the opinion.