Case Title: State v. Wiley

Citation: 

Docket Number: SC15-2389

State: florida

Court: Florida Supreme Court

Date: 2017-02-09T00:00:00Z

Document:
Supreme Court of Florida 
 
 
____________ 
 
No. SC15-2389 
____________ 
 
STATE OF FLORIDA,  
Petitioner, 
 
vs. 
 
ADREA VERNIQUE WILEY,  
Respondent. 
 
[February 9, 2017] 
 
POLSTON, J. 
 
In State v. Wiley, 179 So. 3d 481 (Fla. 1st DCA 2015), the First District 
Court of Appeal certified conflict with State v. Ayers, 901 So. 2d 942 (Fla. 2d 
DCA 2005), regarding whether the State must object to a downward departure 
sentence after it is imposed to preserve the issue for appellate review where the 
State had argued in opposition immediately before the sentence was imposed and 
during the same sentencing hearing.1  For the reasons explained below, we hold 
                                          
 
 
1.  We have jurisdiction.  See art. V, § 3(b)(4), Fla. Const. 
 
 
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that apprising the trial court of the State’s opposition during the same proceeding is 
sufficient to preserve the issue as to the legal grounds argued.   
I.  Background 
In Wiley, 179 So. 3d at 482, the First District affirmed the trial court’s 
decision to impose a downward departure sentence, ruling that the State failed to 
preserve the issue for appeal even though the State argued in opposition during the 
same proceeding in which the sentence was imposed.  The First District explained 
the facts as follows: 
[Wiley] pled no contest to multiple offenses arising out of a 
“road rage” incident that started when she and the victim exchanged 
words in a Whataburger drive-thru line.  The trial court adjudicated 
[Wiley] guilty and imposed a downward departure sentence pursuant 
to section 921.0026(2)(d), Florida Statutes (2013), finding that 
[Wiley] required and was amenable to specialized treatment for her 
bipolar disorder. 
Id. at 481-82. 
 
“At the sentencing hearing, the prosecutor argued against a downward 
departure sentence, both generally and with specificity.”  Id. at 482 (footnote 
omitted).  However, relying on its decision in State v. Stephens, 128 So. 3d 209 
(Fla. 1st DCA 2013), the First District ruled that, “[a]lthough the prosecutor’s 
argument clearly put the trial court on notice of the State’s opposition to a 
downward departure sentence, it was not sufficient . . . to preserve the issue for 
 
 
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appellate review because the prosecutor did not also object to the sentence after it 
was imposed.”  179 So. 3d at 482.   
Additionally, the First District in Wiley certified conflict with the Second 
District’s decision in Ayers.  Id. at 483.  In Ayers, 901 So. 2d at 944, the Second 
District held that the State’s objection to a downward departure at the sentencing 
hearing that “I don’t see a legal reason to depart” was sufficient to preserve the 
issue for appellate review.  The Second District explained that “[t]he State’s 
objection made clear that the State sought imposition of a nondeparture sentence 
because there was no legal reason justifying a downward departure.”  Id.   
II.  Analysis 
In Harrell v. State, 894 So. 2d 935, 940 (Fla. 2005) (emphasis omitted), this 
Court “stated that proper preservation entails three components[:]”   
First, a litigant must make a timely, contemporaneous objection. 
Second, the party must state a legal ground for that objection.  Third, 
“[i]n order for an argument to be cognizable on appeal, it must be the 
specific contention asserted as legal ground for the objection, 
exception, or motion below.”  Steinhorst v. State, 412 So. 2d 332, 338 
(Fla. 1982) (emphasis added); accord Rodriguez v. State, 609 So. 2d 
493, 499 (Fla. 1992) (stating that “the specific legal ground upon 
which a claim is based must be raised at trial and a claim different 
than that will not be heard on appeal”).   
“The purpose of this rule is to ‘place[ ] the trial judge on notice that error may have 
been committed, and provide[ ] him an opportunity to correct it at an early stage of 
 
 
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the proceedings.’ ”  Id. (alterations in original) (quoting Castor v. State, 365 So. 2d 
701, 703 (Fla. 1978)). 
Similarly, section 924.051(3), Florida Statutes (2014), provides that “[a]n 
appeal may not be taken from a judgment or order of a trial court unless a 
prejudicial error is alleged and is properly preserved or, if not properly preserved, 
would constitute fundamental error.”  And section 924.051(1)(b), Florida Statutes 
(2014), explains that “ ‘[p]reserved’ means that an issue, legal argument, or 
objection to evidence was timely raised before, and ruled on by, the trial court, and 
that the issue, legal argument, or objection to evidence was sufficiently precise that 
it fairly apprised the trial court of the relief sought and the grounds therefor.” 
 
In this case, at the sentencing hearing, the State clearly expressed its 
objection to a downward departure sentence for Wiley as well as the legal grounds 
for its objection.  “The prosecutor generally asserted that ‘[t]here is not sufficient 
evidence to justify any departure.’ ”  Wiley, 179 So. 3d at 482 n.1 (quoting 
sentencing hearing transcript).  Then, “[t]he prosecutor specifically addressed both 
steps required for a departure sentence under Banks v. State, 732 So. 2d 1065 (Fla. 
1999)[:]” 
As to step 1 (whether there was a valid legal ground on which the trial 
court could depart), the prosecutor argued that “[t]he evidence is that 
[Wiley’s] specialized treatment is nothing more than taking her 
prescription, and I don’t believe . . . that is the type of specialized 
treatment that [section 921.0026(2)(d)] is designed to address.”  And, 
 
 
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as to step 2 (whether the trial court should depart), the prosecutor 
argued that the court should not do so because 
 
in this case, we’re talking about a defendant with a 
lengthy criminal record, who’s been to prison twice 
before, who made numerous decisions leading up to this 
event and the day of this event.  It could have ended a lot 
differently, a lot worse for [the victim].  Luckily it didn’t 
[because] she fought [Wiley] off. . . .          
 
Id. at 482 n.2 (emphasis omitted) (quoting sentencing hearing transcript).   
Because the prosecutor timely objected to the imposition of a downward 
departure sentence at the same proceeding in which Wiley was sentenced and 
stated the legal grounds for the objection, the issue was properly preserved for 
appellate review as to the legal grounds asserted.  See Harrell, 894 So. 2d at 940; 
see also State v. Murray, 161 So. 3d 1287, 1289 (Fla. 4th DCA 2015).   
III.  Conclusion 
The State’s timely opposition to Wiley’s downward departure during the 
same proceeding in which the sentence was imposed fairly apprised the trial court 
of the State’s objection as to the legal grounds asserted.  Accordingly, the issue 
was preserved, and we quash the First District’s decision in Wiley and approve the 
Second District’s decision in Ayers. 
It is so ordered. 
LABARGA, C.J., and PARIENTE, LEWIS, QUINCE, and CANADY, JJ., concur. 
LAWSON, J., did not participate. 
 
 
 
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NOT FINAL UNTIL TIME EXPIRES TO FILE REHEARING MOTION, AND 
IF FILED, DETERMINED. 
 
Application for Review of the Decision of the District Court of Appeal – Certified 
Direct Conflict of Decisions 
 
 
First District - Case No. 1D15-858 
 
 
(Escambia County) 
 
Pamela Jo Bondi, Attorney General, Trisha Meggs Pate, Bureau Chief, and 
Heather Flanagan Ross, Assistant Attorney General, Tallahassee, Florida,  
 
 
for Petitioner 
 
Clinton Andrew Thomas, Public Defender, and Steven Lauren Seliger, Assistant 
Public Defender, Second Judicial Circuit, Tallahassee, Florida, 
 
 
for Respondent