Case Title: Pavilonis v. Cuyahoga County Board of Revision

Citation: 2018-Ohio-1480

Docket Number: 2015-1386

State: ohio

Court: Ohio Supreme Court

Date: 2018-04-19T00:00:00Z

Document:
[Until this opinion appears in the Ohio Official Reports advance sheets, it may be cited as 
Pavilonis v. Cuyahoga Cty. Bd. of Revision, Slip Opinion No. 2018-Ohio-1480.] 
 
 
 
NOTICE 
This slip opinion is subject to formal revision before it is published in an 
advance sheet of the Ohio Official Reports.  Readers are requested to 
promptly notify the Reporter of Decisions, Supreme Court of Ohio, 65 
South Front Street, Columbus, Ohio 43215, of any typographical or other 
formal errors in the opinion, in order that corrections may be made before 
the opinion is published. 
 
 
SLIP OPINION NO. 2018-OHIO-1480 
PAVILONIS, APPELLEE, v. CUYAHOGA COUNTY BOARD OF REVISION ET AL., 
APPELLANTS. 
[Until this opinion appears in the Ohio Official Reports advance sheets, it 
may be cited as Pavilonis v. Cuyahoga Cty. Bd. of Revision, Slip Opinion No. 
2018-Ohio-1480.] 
Taxation—Real-property valuation—R.C. 5715.19(A)(2)—Second claim filed 
within triennial by not barred when complainant differs from entity that 
filed first complaint—When county board of review fails to object to 
possible unauthorized practice of law at a hearing, it forfeits argument that 
conduct should be considered as error. 
(No. 2015-1386—Submitted January 23, 2018—Decided April 19, 2018.) 
APPEAL from the Board of Tax Appeals, No. 2014-4517. 
__________________ 
Per Curiam. 
{¶ 1} This case involves residential property in Euclid owned by appellee, 
Jillian Pavilonis.  She challenged appellant Cuyahoga County fiscal officer’s 
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valuation of the property for tax year 2013.  Appellant Cuyahoga County Board of 
Revision (“BOR”) rejected her claim and retained the fiscal officer’s valuation.  On 
appeal, the Board of Tax Appeals (“BTA”) reversed, reducing the valuation based 
on a written appraisal.  The fiscal officer and the BOR (collectively, “the county”) 
jointly appeal to this court. 
{¶ 2} The county presents two issues for review.  It first argues that 
Pavilonis’s valuation complaint is jurisdictionally barred under R.C. 5715.19(A)(2) 
as an improper second filing within the three-year interim period, or triennium, R.C. 
5715.19(A)(2), that began in 2012.  It also contends that the BTA acted 
unreasonably and unlawfully in adopting the appraised value because Pavilonis’s 
husband engaged in the unauthorized practice of law before the BOR.  Because 
these claims lack merit, we affirm the BTA’s decision. 
Facts and Procedural History 
{¶ 3} The fiscal officer valued the subject property at $48,000 for tax year 
2013.  In her valuation complaint, Pavilonis asked the BOR to decrease the 
valuation to $12,000.  Pavilonis’s husband, Eric Uchbar, attended the BOR hearing, 
along with an appraiser, Ruth Lassiter.  Pavilonis did not attend the hearing.  Uchbar 
testified that the property is a two-bedroom condominium unit in fair condition that 
is rented for about $700 per month.  Lassiter testified concerning her written 
appraisal, in which she opined that the property’s value was $18,000 as of the 
January 1, 2013 tax-lien date. 
{¶ 4} The BOR rejected Pavilonis’s claim, apparently because it viewed her 
complaint as an improper second filing within same interim period.  See R.C. 
5715.19(A)(2).  This concern was based on the fact that the former owner of the 
property, Transworld Investments, L.L.C., had filed a valuation complaint for tax 
year 2012.  Uchbar is a member of Transworld Investments, and he testified that 
the company recently had transferred the property to his wife, Pavilonis.  He 
testified that Pavilonis is not affiliated with Transworld Investments. 
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{¶ 5} Pavilonis appealed to the BTA, where the county argued that her 
complaint is jurisdictionally defective as a second filing within the triennium.  To 
support its argument, the county submitted documents showing that Uchbar 
purchased the property in 2008, that he transferred it to Transworld Investments in 
2011, and that Transworld Investments transferred it to Pavilonis in 2014.  The 
documents also show that Uchbar, Transworld Investments, and Pavilonis all use 
the same address. 
{¶ 6} The BTA found that Pavilonis’s complaint is not barred under R.C. 
5715.19(A)(2), because the two complaints concerning the property “were filed by 
two separate complainants.”  BTA No. 2014-4517, 2015 Ohio Tax LEXIS 3153, 
*4 (July 23, 2015).  On the merits, the BTA found that Lassiter’s appraisal was 
“competent[,] * * * probative[,] * * * reasonable[,] and well-supported.”  Id. at *6.  
Accordingly, it valued the property consistently with Lassiter’s opinion of value—
$18,000. 
{¶ 7} The county now appeals to this court. 
Analysis 
Standard of review 
{¶ 8} We must affirm the BTA’s decision if it is reasonable and lawful.  
R.C. 5717.04.  In making this determination, we must consider legal issues de novo, 
Akron City School Dist. Bd. of Edn. v. Summit Cty. Bd. of Revision, 139 Ohio St.3d 
92, 2014-Ohio-1588, 9 N.E.3d 1004, ¶ 10-11, and defer to findings concerning the 
weight of evidence so long as they are supported by the record, Olmsted Falls Bd. 
of Edn. v. Cuyahoga Cty. Bd. of Revision, 122 Ohio St.3d 134, 2009-Ohio-2461, 
909 N.E.2d 597, ¶ 27. 
R.C. 5715.19(A)(2) 
{¶ 9} In its first proposition of law, the county argues that the BOR and the 
BTA lacked jurisdiction to consider Pavilonis’s complaint because it was the 
second valuation complaint filed concerning the property within the triennium.  
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This proposition presents a jurisdictional question that we must review de novo.  
See Diley Ridge Med. Ctr. v. Fairfield Cty. Bd. of Revision, 141 Ohio St.3d 149, 
2014-Ohio-5030, 22 N.E.3d 1072, ¶ 10. 
{¶ 10} R.C. 5715.19(A) authorizes a property owner to challenge a real-
property valuation by filing a complaint with a county board of revision.  The statute, 
however, limits the number of times a person may file a complaint within a three-
year interim period: unless certain exceptions apply, “[n]o person * * * shall file a 
complaint against the valuation or assessment of any parcel that appears on the tax 
list if it filed a complaint against the valuation or assessment of that parcel for any 
prior tax year in the same interim period.”  R.C. 5715.19(A)(2).  In this case, the 
relevant three-year period includes tax years 2012, 2013, and 2014. 
{¶ 11} The county argues that Pavilonis’s valuation complaint for tax year 
2013 was not authorized under R.C. 5715.19(A)(2), because Transworld 
Investments had filed a complaint for the subject property for tax year 2012.  We 
reject this argument because it disregards the plain statutory language. 
{¶ 12} The county itself submitted evidence showing that Pavilonis owns 
the property.  As the owner, Pavilonis had the right to file a valuation complaint. 
R.C. 5715.19(A)(1) (“Any person owning taxable real property in the county * * * 
may file such a complaint regarding any such determination affecting any real 
property in the county”).  The prohibition against multiple complaints within a 
triennium applies only “if it [i.e., the complainant] filed a complaint against the 
valuation or assessment of that parcel for any prior tax year in the same interim 
period.”  R.C. 5715.19(A)(2).  Because Pavilonis did not file the earlier complaint, 
her claim is not jurisdictionally barred. 
{¶ 13} The county contends, however, that the BTA ignored evidence 
showing that Uchbar was behind the filing of both valuation complaints and the 
transfer to his wife.  It says that Uchbar and Pavilonis each had some interest in the 
property when both complaints were filed.  To be sure, evidence shows that Uchbar 
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has an ownership interest in Transworld Investments; that he (as Transworld 
Investments’ member) executed the deed by which the property was conveyed to 
Pavilonis; and that he, Transworld Investments, and Pavilonis use the same address.  
But this evidence does not undermine Transworld Investments’ status as a distinct 
entity or change the fact that different complainants filed the complaints at times 
when they each had the right to do so under R.C. 5715.19(A)(1). 
{¶ 14} Although the county does not expressly allege an alter-ego theory, 
for its argument to have any chance of success, we would need to disregard 
Transworld Investments’ separate existence.  On this record, the county has not 
shown that such an extraordinary remedy would be appropriate.  See Belvedere 
Condominium Unit Owners’ Assn. v. R.E. Roark Cos., Inc., 67 Ohio St.3d 274, 617 
N.E.2d 1075 (1993), paragraph three of the syllabus (establishing a three-pronged 
test for disregarding a corporate form).  We therefore reject the county’s first 
proposition of law. 
Unauthorized practice of law 
{¶ 15} In its second proposition of law, the county argues that Uchbar 
engaged in the unauthorized practice of law before the BOR by making legal 
arguments, directly examining Lassiter, and otherwise representing his wife’s 
interests.  It contends that because he did so, the tax tribunals lacked jurisdiction 
and this court is precluded from considering the evidence presented in support of 
Pavilonis’s complaint. 
{¶ 16} Although certain nonattorneys are permitted to prepare and file a 
valuation complaint with a board of revision, nonattorneys are not permitted to 
“make legal arguments, examine witnesses, or undertake any other tasks that can 
be performed only by an attorney.”  Dayton Supply & Tool Co., Inc. v. Montgomery 
Cty. Bd. of Revision, 111 Ohio St.3d 367, 2006-Ohio-5852, 856 N.E.2d 926, 
syllabus.  Uchbar may have violated this rule by making legal arguments and asking 
Lassiter a question during the BOR hearing.  But even assuming that Uchbar 
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engaged in the unauthorized practice of law, it does not follow that the tax tribunals 
lacked jurisdiction or that the evidence presented is defective. 
{¶ 17} Regarding the jurisdictional question, we have held, “Once 
jurisdiction has been vested in an administrative tribunal by the proper filing of a 
complaint or notice of appeal, a later act constituting the unauthorized practice of 
law will not retroactively divest that tribunal of jurisdiction.”  Cincinnati School 
Dist. Bd. of Edn. v. Hamilton Cty. Bd. of Revision, 127 Ohio St.3d 63, 2010-Ohio-
4907, 936 N.E.2d 489, ¶ 16.  As discussed under the county’s first proposition of 
law, Pavilonis properly invoked the BOR’s jurisdiction by filing a valuation 
complaint.  We therefore reject the county’s claim that the possible unauthorized 
practice of law during the BOR hearing divested the tax tribunals of jurisdiction. 
{¶ 18} We also reject the county’s evidentiary objection.  When addressing 
a similar argument in Richman Properties, L.L.C. v. Medina Cty. Bd. of Revision, 
139 Ohio St.3d 549, 2014-Ohio-2439, 13 N.E.3d 1126, we emphasized that we can 
reverse a BTA decision only if we find that the decision is unreasonable or 
unlawful.  Id. at ¶ 25.  Therefore, when the unauthorized practice of law has been 
alleged, we must examine whether the “actions taken at the hearing render the 
decision itself unreasonable or unlawful.”  (Emphasis sic.)  Id.  The unauthorized 
practice of law is grounds for reversal only if the conduct affected the outcome of 
the proceeding.  Id. at ¶ 27-28. 
{¶ 19} The question here, therefore, is whether any unauthorized conduct 
by Uchbar affected the BTA’s decision to assign value based on Lassiter’s 
appraisal.  The county itself permitted Uchbar to engage in the conduct it now 
complains of, and it did not object to Lassiter’s appraisal either at the BOR or the 
BTA.  Because the county failed to object, we hold that it forfeited the arguments 
that Lassiter’s appraisal cannot be considered and that Uchbar’s conduct otherwise 
resulted in reversible error.  See Plain Local Schools Bd. of Edn. v. Franklin Cty. 
Bd. of Revision, 130 Ohio St.3d 230, 2011-Ohio-3362, 957 N.E.2d 268, ¶ 20. 
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{¶ 20} We therefore reject the county’s second proposition of law. 
Decision affirmed. 
O’CONNOR, C.J., and KENNEDY, FRENCH, FISCHER, and DEWINE, JJ., 
concur. 
O’DONNELL, J., dissents, with an opinion. 
DEGENARO, J., not participating. 
_________________ 
O’DONNELL, J., dissenting. 
{¶ 21} Respectfully, I dissent. 
{¶ 22} I would sustain the first proposition of law presented by the 
Cuyahoga County Board of Revision and the county fiscal officer and conclude that 
the complaint is barred by R.C. 5715.19(A)(2) and that TransWorld Investments, 
L.L.C., is an alter ego of its related parties, Jillian Pavilonis and her husband, Eric 
Uchbar. 
{¶ 23} Accordingly, I would reverse the decision of the Board of Tax 
Appeals, and I would reinstate the valuation of the board of revision. 
_________________ 
David M. Lynch and Brian Meister, for appellee. 
Timothy J. McGinty, Cuyahoga County Prosecuting Attorney, and Reno J. 
Oradini Jr., Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for appellants. 
_________________