Case Title: Lake v. State

Citation: 

Docket Number: 571, 2013

State: delaware

Court: Delaware Supreme Court

Date: 2014-07-09T00:00:00Z

Document:
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE 
 
ERNEST LAKE, 
 
 
Defendant Below- 
Appellant, 
 
v. 
 
STATE OF DELAWARE, 
 
Plaintiff Below- 
Appellee. 
§ 
§  No. 571, 2013 
§ 
§ 
§  Court Below—Superior Court 
§  of the State of Delaware, 
§  in and for Sussex County 
§  Cr. ID Nos. 0404003269, 
§  0611008754, 0702021759 
§  0803023537, 0808020260 
§  and 0812001998 
 
 
 
 
 
Submitted: May 2, 2014 
 
 
 
 
  Decided: July 9, 2014 
 
Before STRINE, Chief Justice, BERGER, and RIDGELY, Justices. 
 
O R D E R 
 
This 9th day of July 2014, upon consideration of the parties’ briefs and the 
record on appeal, it appears to the Court that: 
 
(1) 
The defendant-appellant, Ernest Lake, filed this appeal from the 
Superior Court’s denial of his motion for correction of illegal sentence.  We find 
no merit to the appeal.  Accordingly, we affirm the Superior Court’s judgment. 
 
(2) 
The record reflects that a Superior Court jury convicted Lake in 
March 2009 of one count of Criminal Solicitation in the First Degree.  On April 3, 
2009, the Superior Court sentenced Lake to five years at Level V incarceration 
(with credit for 118 days previously served), to be suspended after serving four 
 
2
years in prison for one year at Level III probation.1  As a result of this criminal 
conviction, the Superior Court also found Lake in violation of probationary 
sentences associated with seven prior convictions.  The Superior Court entered a 
separate VOP sentencing order on April 3, 2009, which sentenced Lake to a total 
period of six years and eight months at Level V incarceration, to be suspended 
after serving four years and ten months in prison for a period of probation.  Lake 
did not appeal from his VOP sentence.  Since that time, Lake has filed 
unsuccessful motions seeking modification of his sentence and postconviction 
relief.2 
 
(3) 
In May 2013, Lake filed a motion for correction of illegal sentence 
under Superior Court Criminal Rule 35(a),3 raising two arguments.  First, he 
argued that the Level V portion of the two sentencing orders dated April 3, 2009 
were intended to run concurrently; therefore, his release date was October 25, 
2013.  Lake also argued that the April 3, 2009 VOP sentencing order was illegal 
because he had completed his probationary sentences before he was charged with 
                                                 
1 Lake filed a direct appeal from this conviction and sentence but later voluntarily dismissed the 
appeal.  See  Lake v. State, Del. Supr. No. 205, 2009 (voluntarily dismissed on Aug. 18, 2009). 
2 See, e.g., Lake v. State, 2010 WL 3463392 (Del. Sept. 3, 2010) (affirming the Superior Court’s 
denial of Lake’s first motion for postconviction relief). 
3 Superior Court Criminal Rule 35(a) states, “The court may correct an illegal sentence at any 
time and may correct a sentence imposed in an illegal manner within the time provided herein for 
the reduction of sentence.” 
 
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his first violation of probation.  The Superior Court denied Lake’s motion, finding 
no legal or factual merit to either claim.  This appeal followed. 
 
(4) 
Lake raises five issues in his opening brief on appeal.  First, he 
contends that he had completed serving the probationary sentences that were 
originally imposed in 2007 and, thus, could not be charged with violating 
probation as to those sentences.  Next, he argues that State committed an 
evidentiary violation and engaged in misconduct at his March 2009 trial.  Third, he 
contends that the judge was biased against him.  Fourth, he contends that the 
Superior Court erred in denying his petition for a writ of mandamus.  Finally, he 
contends that his trial counsel provided ineffective assistance of counsel. 
(5) 
We find no merit to Lake’s appeal.  A motion for correction of 
sentence is very narrow in scope.4  Superior Court Criminal Rule 35(a) permits 
relief when “the sentence imposed exceeds the statutorily-authorized limits, [or] 
violates the Double Jeopardy Clause.”5  A sentence also is illegal if it “is 
ambiguous with respect to the time and manner in which it is to be served, is 
internally contradictory, omits a term required to be imposed by statute, is 
uncertain as to the substance of the sentence, or is a sentence which the judgment 
of conviction did not authorize.”6   
                                                 
4 Brittingham v. State, 705 A.2d 577, 578 (Del. 1998). 
5 Id. (quoting United States v. Pavlico, 961 F.2d 440, 443 (4th Cir. 1992)). 
6 Id. (quoting United States v. Dougherty, 106 F.3d 1514, 1515 (10th Cir. 1997)). 
 
4
(6) 
With respect to his 2009 VOP sentence, Lake contends that the 
sentence is illegal because he had already successfully completed his probation 
before he was charged with a violation.  His contention, however, is unsupported 
by the facts.  The record reflects that Lake had been sentenced on five criminal 
charges on July 20, 2007.  Under the terms of that sentence, which was modified 
on September 4, 2007, Lake was required to spend four months at Level V, six 
months at Level IV work release, and one year at Level III probation.  Before the 
expiration of his probationary term, Lake was arrested in August 2008 for 
noncompliance with the conditions of his bond, which resulted in a VOP charge 
being filed against him on September 15, 2008.  Although the VOP hearing was 
continued pending the outcome of the new criminal charges, it is the date of the 
VOP charge and not the date of the VOP hearing that determines the Superior 
Court’s jurisdiction to conduct the violation hearing.7 Under the circumstances, 
there is simply no merit to Lake’s contention that he had successfully completed 
his 2007 probation before he was charged with his first VOP. 
(7) 
None of Lake’s four remaining issues on appeal were raised in the 
motion for correction of sentence he filed in the Superior Court.  Thus, in the 
                                                 
7 Moody v. State, 988 A.2d 451, 454 (Del. 2010) (holding that the date of the violation is the 
controlling factor in a challenge to a VOP hearing conducted after the expiration of an offender’s 
probationary period). 
 
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absence of plain error, this Court will not consider those claims on appeal.8  We 
find no plain error.  All four of Lake’s remaining claims challenge the validity of 
his convictions.  Such claims are not cognizable in a motion for correction of 
sentence under Superior Court Criminal Rule 35(a).9   Furthermore, Lake’s claims 
of prosecutorial misconduct and ineffective assistance of counsel were previously 
rejected by this Court when Lake appealed the Superior Court’s denial of his 
motion for postconviction relief.10  Also, to the extent that Lake is arguing that the 
Superior Court erred in denying his petition for a writ of mandamus in a different 
civil action, Lake filed a notice of appeal from that decision but later voluntarily 
dismissed his appeal.11  Accordingly, he has waived any claim of error as to the 
Superior Court’s dismissal of his mandamus petition. 
 
NOW, THEREFORE, IT IS ORDERED that the judgment of the Superior 
Court is AFFIRMED. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BY THE COURT: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ Henry duPont Ridgely 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Justice 
 
                                                 
8 Del. Supr. Ct. R. 8 (2014). 
9 Brittingham v. State, 705 A.2d at 508 (holding that a motion under Rule 35(a) may not be used 
to re-examine errors occurring prior to the imposition of sentence). 
10 See Lake v. State, 2010 WL 3463392 (Del. Sept. 3, 2010). 
11 Notice of Voluntary Dismissal, In re Lake, No. 572, 2013, (Del. Feb. 10, 2014).