Case Title: State ex rel. Grein v. Ohio State Hwy. Patrol Retirement Sys.

Citation: 2007-Ohio-6667

Docket Number: 20071175

State: ohio

Court: Ohio Supreme Court

Date: 2007-12-19T00:00:00Z

Document:
[Cite as State ex rel. Grein v. Ohio State Hwy. Patrol Retirement Sys., 116 Ohio St.3d 344, 
2007-Ohio-6667.] 
 
 
THE STATE EX REL. GREIN, APPELLANT, v. OHIO STATE HIGHWAY 
PATROL RETIREMENT SYSTEM, APPELLEE. 
[Cite as State ex rel. Grein v. Ohio State Hwy. Patrol Retirement Sys., 
 116 Ohio St.3d 344, 2007-Ohio-6667.] 
Ohio State Highway Patrol Retirement System —Disability-retirement benefits — 
Determinations of temporary total disability by Industrial Commission or 
of appointing authority in involuntarily separating employee from 
employment not pertinent to State Highway Patrol Retirement System’s 
denial of disability-retirement benefits. 
(No. 2007-1175─Submitted December 12, 2007 ─ Decided December 19, 2007.) 
APPEAL from the Court of Appeals for Franklin County, 
No. 06AP-506, 171 Ohio App.3d 406, 2007-Ohio-2322. 
__________________ 
 
Per Curiam. 
{¶ 1} This is an appeal from a judgment denying a writ of mandamus to 
compel appellee, the Ohio State Highway Patrol Retirement System, to grant 
disability-retirement benefits to a former state trooper.  Because the court of 
appeals did not abuse its discretion in denying the writ when there was sufficient 
evidence to support the retirement system’s decisions to deny benefits, we affirm. 
{¶ 2} Between April 1997 and September 2002, appellant, Michele 
Grein, was involved in four automobile accidents, including two that occurred 
while she was on duty as a trooper employed by the Ohio State Highway Patrol.  
In May 2003, Grein applied to the retirement system for disability-retirement 
benefits.  Grein claimed that injuries she sustained to her left shoulder and back 
from a September 27, 2002 on-duty patrol-car crash limited her ability to work as 
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a trooper.  The board of trustees for the retirement system denied Grein’s 
application in July 2003. 
{¶ 3} In October 2003, Grein filed a second application for disability-
retirement benefits.  In this application, Grein again sought benefits because of the 
injuries she had sustained while on duty in the September 2002 accident, but she 
included a psychiatric report diagnosing an adjustment disorder with features of 
anxiety and depression resulting from the accident.  Before the board ruled on 
Grein’s second application, the Ohio Department of Public Safety decided to 
involuntarily separate Grein from her employment as a state trooper effective 
December 2003, based on medical evidence that her disability rendered her 
unable to perform her job duties.  In January 2004, the board denied Grein’s 
second application for disability-retirement benefits. 
{¶ 4} In February 2006, the Industrial Commission awarded Grein 
temporary total disability compensation retroactive to April 19, 2004, based on 
medical evidence that she suffered from posttraumatic stress disorder relating to 
her September 2002 work accident.  Grein requested that the retirement system 
reconsider its decisions to deny her applications for disability-retirement benefits, 
but the board denied the request. 
{¶ 5} In May 2006, Grein filed a petition in the Court of Appeals for 
Franklin County for a writ of mandamus to compel the retirement system to grant 
her disability-retirement benefits retroactive to her original date of disability.  The 
retirement system filed an answer, and the parties filed evidence and briefs.  In 
May 2007, the court of appeals denied the writ. 
Mandamus 
{¶ 6} In her appeal as of right, Grein asserts that the court of appeals 
erred in denying the writ of mandamus.  Mandamus is the appropriate remedy for 
Grein to seek relief from the State Highway Patrol Retirement System’s denial of 
her applications for disability-retirement benefits because R.C. 5505.18 does not 
January Term, 2007 
3 
provide for an appeal from the retirement board’s determinations on the 
applications.  State ex rel. Moss v. Ohio State Hwy. Patrol Retirement Sys., 97 
Ohio St.3d 198, 2002-Ohio-5806, 777 N.E.2d 259, ¶ 6; R.C. 5505.18(A) (“The 
board shall determine whether the member qualifies for disability retirement and 
its decision shall be final”). 
{¶ 7} Therefore, the dispositive issue is whether Grein established a clear 
legal right to the requested disability-retirement benefits and a clear legal duty on 
the part of the retirement system to provide the benefits.  Moss at ¶ 7.  In order to 
establish these requirements, Grein had to prove that the retirement system abused 
its discretion by denying her applications for disability-retirement benefits.  See, 
e.g., State ex rel. Pipoly v. State Teachers Retirement Sys., 95 Ohio St.3d 327, 
2002-Ohio-2219, 767 N.E.2d 719, ¶ 14 (“mandamus is an appropriate remedy 
where no statutory right of appeal is available to correct an abuse of discretion by 
an administrative body”).  An abuse of discretion exists when a decision is 
unreasonable, arbitrary, or unconscionable.  State ex rel. Worrell v. Ohio Police & 
Fire Pension Fund, 112 Ohio St.3d 116, 2006-Ohio-6513, 858 N.E.2d 380, ¶ 10. 
The Retirement System’s Decisions Are 
Supported by Sufficient Evidence 
{¶ 8} Grein asserts that the retirement system abused its discretion by 
denying her applications for disability-retirement benefits because she had 
presented evidence establishing her physical and mental disabilities, including 
posttraumatic stress disorder. 
{¶ 9} Grein’s assertion lacks merit.  As long as there is sufficient 
evidence to support the retirement-system board’s decisions, we will not disturb 
them.  See State ex rel. Schaengold v. Ohio Pub. Emps. Retirement Sys., 114 Ohio 
St.3d 147, 2007-Ohio-3760, 870 N.E.2d 719, ¶ 19-20.  A member of the State 
Highway Patrol Retirement System is eligible for disability retirement if the 
member “becomes totally and permanently incapacitated for duty in the employ 
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of the state highway patrol.”  R.C. 5505.18(A).  In making this determination, the 
retirement-system board “shall consider the written medical or psychological 
report, opinions, statements, and other competent evidence.”  Id. 
{¶ 10} The medical evidence submitted to the board included the reports 
of Claire V. Wolfe, M.D., and Richard H. Clary, M.D.  Dr. Wolfe, an orthopedist, 
diagnosed Grein as suffering from chronic myofascial pain syndrome without any 
significant objective structural abnormalities.  Dr. Wolfe concluded that by 
September 2003, after physical therapy for her shoulder and back, Grein should 
be sufficiently recovered to resume her duties as a state trooper.  Dr. Clary, a 
psychiatrist, diagnosed Grein as having adjustment disorder with mixed features 
of anxiety and depression.  Dr. Clary concluded that Grein’s mild anxiety and 
depression would not prohibit her from working and did not cause any long-term 
disability. 
{¶ 11} Because this evidence is sufficient to support the retirement 
system’s decision to deny Grein disability-retirement benefits, the retirement 
system did not abuse its discretion in this regard. 
Retirement System Is Not Bound by 
Decisions of Other Agencies 
{¶ 12} Grein also argues that the retirement system’s denials of her 
applications for disability-retirement benefits were unlawful because they 
conflicted with the determinations of the Department of Public Safety in 
involuntarily separating her from employment and the Industrial Commission in 
granting her temporary total disability.  Grein’s argument fails because she cites 
no statute or rule that makes these actions pertinent to a decision by the Board of 
the State Highway Patrol Retirement System determining whether a member is 
entitled to disability-retirement benefits. 
{¶ 13} “ ‘It is axiomatic that in mandamus proceedings, the creation of the 
legal duty that a relator seeks to enforce is the distinct function of the legislative 
January Term, 2007 
5 
branch of government, and courts are not authorized to create the legal duty 
enforceable in mandamus.”  (Emphasis sic.)  State ex rel. Stiles v. School Emps. 
Retirement Sys., 102 Ohio St.3d 156, 2004-Ohio-2140, 807 N.E.2d 353, ¶ 15, 
quoting Pipoly, 95 Ohio St.3d 327, 2002-Ohio-2219, 767 N.E.2d 719, at ¶ 18.  
There is no duty imposed by the General Assembly on state retirement systems to 
apply inapplicable law governing determinations by other state agencies in 
deciding an application for disability-retirement benefits.  See, e.g., State ex rel. 
Schwaben v. School Emps. Retirement Sys. (1996), 76 Ohio St.3d 280, 285, 667 
N.E.2d 398; Fair v. School Emps. Retirement Sys. (1978), 53 Ohio St.2d 118, 121, 
7 O.O.3d 192, 372 N.E.2d 814. 
{¶ 14} Moreover, the retirement board’s decision under R.C. 5505.18 
whether a member is “totally and permanently incapacitated for duty in the 
employ of the state highway patrol” differs from a state appointing authority’s 
decision to involuntarily separate an employee from employment based on 
disability when the employee “is incapable of performing the essential job duties 
of the employee’s assigned position due to a disabling illness, injury, or 
condition” under former Ohio Adm.Code 123:1-33-02.  1999-2000 Ohio Monthly 
Record 1280, eff. Feb. 13, 2000.  The first determination requires a finding of 
permanent incapacity, while the second decision does not.  See former Ohio 
Adm.Code 123:1-33-04, which gives an employee involuntarily separated from 
state employment due to disability the opportunity to apply for reinstatement upon 
submission of substantial, credible medical evidence that the employee is capable 
of performing the essential portions of the employee’s job duties.  1998-1999 
Ohio Monthly Record 1956, eff. Apr. 5, 1999. 
{¶ 15} Similarly, a determination of temporary total disability by the 
Industrial Commission does not require a finding of permanent incapacity.  Cf. 
Stiles at ¶ 18-20 (determination by School Employees Retirement System of 
disability retirement is distinct from Industrial Commission’s decision in 
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determining permanent total disability and the Social Security Administration’s 
determination of Social Security disability). 
{¶ 16} Therefore, the retirement system did not abuse its discretion in 
declining to rely on the decisions of the Department of Public Safety and the 
Industrial Commission in determining Grein’s applications for disability-
retirement benefits. 
Conclusion 
{¶ 17} The retirement system did not act in an unreasonable, arbitrary, or 
unconscionable manner by deciding to deny Grein’s applications for disability-
retirement benefits, and Grein did not establish that she was entitled to the 
requested extraordinary relief in mandamus.  We affirm the judgment of the court 
of appeals denying the writ. 
Judgment affirmed. 
 
MOYER, C.J., and LUNDBERG STRATTON, O’CONNOR, O’DONNELL, and 
CUPP, JJ., concur. 
 
PFEIFER and LANZINGER, JJ., concur in judgment only. 
__________________ 
 
Dworken & Bernstein Co., L.P.A., and Richard N. Selby, for appellant. 
 
Marc Dann, Attorney General, and Jason E. Boyd, Assistant Attorney 
General, for appellee. 
______________________