Case Title: People v. Randolph

Citation: 488 P.2d 203

Docket Number: 25005, 25153

State: colorado

Court: Colorado Supreme Court

Date: 1971-09-07T00:00:00Z

Document:
488 P.2d 203 (1971) The PEOPLE of the State of Colorado, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. James Richard RANDOLPH, Defendant-Appellant. Nos. 25005, 25153. Supreme Court of Colorado, En Banc. September 7, 1971. Duke W. Dunbar, Atty. Gen., John P. Moore, Deputy Atty. Gen., Richard G. McManus, Jr., Asst. Atty. Gen., Denver, for plaintiff-appellee. Rollie R. Rogers, Colorado State Public Defender, J. D. MacFarlane, Chief Deputy State Public Defender, T. Michael Dutton, Deputy State Public Defender, Denver, for defendant-appellant. ERICKSON, Justice. James Richard Randolph, appearing pro se in the trial court, filed a motion pursuant to Crim.P. 35(b), seeking to vacate the judgment and sentence imposed in the Jefferson County District Court. His motion was denied, and he has now appealed to this Court. The Attorney General has confessed error. Since the Attorney General has confessed error, it is not necessary to review the facts in depth. Suffice it to say that James Richard Randolph stood before the court charged with murder in the first degree. He was represented by counsel at that time and entered pleas of not guilty and not guilty by reason of insanity. He had a long history of mental illness. The record also discloses that he had attempted *204 suicide and that his conduct in the Jefferson County jail was such that he was eventually placed in solitary confinement. He was under threats from the victim's family that caused him to be under heavy guard at the time he was brought to court for arraignment. His primary contention is that his plea of guilty was not voluntary and that the providency hearing required under Colo.R.Crim.P. 11 will not withstand attack when measured by the United States Constitution and the Colorado Constitution. The record before us does not establish that the appellant voluntarily and understandingly entered a plea of guilty. Colo.R. Crim.P. 11(a) (1). All that the record reflects is that the defendant waived a jury trial and knew that he could be sentenced to the penitentiary for a period of not less than ten years or to life imprisonment. Nothing, apart from the baldest conclusions, establishes that the defendant knew or understood the nature and elements of the charge or acknowledged that he committed the offense of second degree murder. No factual basis appears in the record to support the plea. Moreover, the trial court was aware of the defendant's mental infirmities and should have made inquiries to show that the defendant voluntarily and knowingly entered a plea of guilty. The failure of the trial court to comply with the mandatory requirements of Rule 11 is particularly significant when we take into account the fact that the defendant was suffering from some mental infirmity and had previously sought to have the court intervene to protect him from the sheriff and jail personnel. A trial court has an onerous burden to meet in determining that an accused understands the nature and all elements of the charge and that the plea of guilty is voluntarily entered. The Attorney General has conceded that the mandatory requirements of Colo.R.Crim.P. 11(a) (1) were not met. The posture of the appeal is such that we have no alternative but to reverse the trial court. The defendant plead guilty to the reduced charge of second degree murder in 1964. At that time, Rule 11(a) provided, in pertinent part, as follows: Although the record indicates that the trial court fully complied with the requirements of subsection (2), there is nothing in the record to indicate that the defendant entered his plea of guilty voluntarily or that he understood the nature of second degree murder. Without an affirmative showing of compliance with the mandatory provisions of Colo.R.Crim.P. 11, a plea of guilty cannot be accepted, and any judgment and sentence which is entered following the plea is void. Westendorf v. People, 171 Colo. 123, 464 P.2d 866 (1970); Martinez v. People, 152 Colo. 521, 382 P.2d 990 (1963). It is clear that an affirmative showing must be made to establish that a guilty plea was voluntarily and intelligently entered if it is to stand muster under the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. Boykin v. Alabama, 395 U.S. 238, 89 S. Ct. 1709, 23 L. Ed. 2d 274 (1969). See also North Carolina v. Alford, 400 U.S. 25, 91 S. Ct. 160, 27 L. Ed. 2d 162 (1970); McMann v. Richardson, 397 U.S. 759, 90 S. Ct. 1441, 25 L. Ed. 2d 763 (1970); Brady v. United States, 397 U.S. 742, 90 S. Ct. 1463, 25 L. Ed. 2d 747 (1970); and McCarthy v. United States, 394 U.S. 459, 89 S. Ct. 1166, 22 L. Ed. 2d 418 (1969), defining the limitations on the acceptance of a plea of guilty and construing Fed.R.Crim.P. 11. Due process requirements come to the forefront because a plea of guilty stands as a waiver *205 of nearly all of the rights guaranteed by the Fifth and Sixth Amendments to the United States Constitution. See, e. g., Duncan v. Louisiana, 391 U.S. 145, 88 S. Ct. 1444, 20 L. Ed. 2d 491 (1968) [right to trial by jury]; Pointer v. Texas, 380 U.S. 400, 85 S. Ct. 1065, 13 L. Ed. 2d 923 (1965) [right to confront one's accusers]; Malloy v. Hogan, 378 U.S. 1, 84 S. Ct. 1489, 12 L. Ed. 2d 653 (1964) [privilege against selfincrimination]. For this waiver to be valid, the defendant must intentionally relinquish his known rights. Johnson v. Zerbst, 304 U.S. 458, 58 S. Ct. 1019, 82 L. Ed. 1461 (1938). The American Bar Association Standards of Criminal Justice Relating to Pleas of Guilty have codified our existing law. Those which we deem applicable and which we approve in the instant case are the following: "1.5 Determining voluntariness of plea. The judgment is reversed and the cause remanded for further proceedings with directions that the judgment of conviction and sentence be vacated and that the defendant be permitted to withdraw his plea of guilty. DAY and HODGES, JJ., not participating.