Case Title: Stevens v. State by Head

Citation: 190 N.W.2d 482

Docket Number: 

State: minnesota

Court: Minnesota Supreme Court

Date: 1971-10-01T00:00:00Z

Document:
190 N.W.2d 482 (1971) Petition of Ronald W. STEVENS et al. for the establishment and construction of Lateral "C" of Chippewa County Ditch No. 22, Respondents, v. STATE of Minnesota, by Douglas M. HEAD, its Attorney General, Appellant. No. 42627. Supreme Court of Minnesota. October 1, 1971. *483 Warren Spannaus, Atty. Gen., Will Hartfeldt, Deputy Atty. Gen., Richard C. Hessburg, William G. Peterson, Special Asst. Attys. Gen., St. Paul, for appellant. Nelson, Oyen & Torvik, Montevideo, for respondents. Heard before KNUTSON, C. J., and MURPHY, OTIS, ROGOSHESKE, and PETERSON, JJ. OTIS, Justice. This appeal arises out of a proceeding to construct a public ditch designated as Lateral "C" of Chippewa County Ditch No. 22. The project was approved by the county commissioners whose order establishing the lateral was affirmed on appeal to the district court. Because the Grace Wetlands Unit, a conservation area owned by the State of Minnesota, will be damaged by the diversion of surface water as a result of constructing the lateral, we hold that the state is entitled to compensation pursuant to Minn.St. 106.672. Between 1957 and 1961 the state acquired the 480 acres known as the "Grace Marshes" for propagating game birds and permitting public hunting. Almost $50,000 have been spent on the project. The area here in question is designated Lake 12-45. It consists of a body of water some 30 to 40 acres in size, with a depth ranging from.9 feet to 1.9 feet. The north portion of the lake is situated in section 21, Township 119 north, Range 39 west, on land owned by the petitioner Ronald W. Stevens. He seeks to have it drained in order to make the property available for cultivation. The lower portion of the lake, situated in section 28 of the same township, is owned by the state and will not be drained. In the 1930's, a road divided the lake on the section line. However, since about 1941 the two bodies of water have been united into one lake and the road has now disappeared. The proposal approved by the county board contemplates a ditch and dike between the Stevens' property and the wetlands unit owned by the state, and a further dike along the east line of section 28. It is conceded that the level of the lake is largely maintained through surface water runoff which drains from other property to the east and north. The proposed ditch and dike will have a seriously detrimental effect on maintaining the wetlands at a uniform depth. The principal issue before us is whether or not the diversion of surface water by eminent domain proceedings brought by the county entitles the state in its proprietary capacity to damages which it could not otherwise recover if the diversion were accomplished by an adjoining property owner. 1. In a number of early cases we had occasion to consider a property owner's right to dam, divert, or release surface water without liability to neighboring property owners thereby affected. Sheehan v. Flynn, 59 Minn. 436, 61 N.W. 462.[1] At common law, surface water was treated as a "common enemy" for each owner to dispose of as best he could. In re Town Ditch No. 1, 208 Minn. 566, 570, 295 N.W. 47, 49, undoubtedly as a result of the drought in the 1930's, reflects second thoughts had by this court on earlier pronouncements concerning the law of surface water. We observed in a footnote: That case went on to hold that the common-law rules governing the disposition of surface water do not apply where the diversion occurs as a result of a public undertaking instituted by a town board for the construction of a drainage ditch. Under such circumstances, we said the town did not enjoy the rights of a landowner but was exercising the governmental prerogative of eminent domain. Consequently, adversely affected landowners were entitled to compensation for their damages. Two members of the court dissented.[2] We think the rule thus adopted governs our decision. It seems clear that the legislature had this result in mind in enacting the unequivocal language of Minn.St. 106.672, which provides in part as follows: *485 The trial court in a memorandum attached to its findings expressed succinctly misgivings which we share: However, the court concluded, "[T]he drainage code of this state is strongly slanted in favor of the establishment of drainage systems." Consequently, although the court made a finding that the conservation area would be damaged by the loss of surface water, it denied the state compensation. We discern a legislative policy of preserving, wherever possible, wetland conservation areas designed to prevent the depletion of wildlife as the pressures of hunting increase. Minn.St. 106.671 imposes on the county the duty of considering the "conservation of soil, water, forests, wild animals, and related natural resources" before determining whether a drainage project will be a public benefit. The legislature has left little doubt as to its intent by adopting the language of Minn.St. 111.82: Where, as here, the state has acquired 480 acres of wetlands for conservation purposes at a cost approaching $50,000, and it is undisputed that the county drainage project will seriously impair the effectiveness of the area for conserving wildlife, we hold that the state has suffered a compensable loss. 2. The state argues that lake 12-45 is a public body of water which cannot be drained without the authority of the commissioner of natural resources under Minn. St. 106.021 and 105.42. The statutory definition of a public water is one "capable of substantial beneficial public use." § 105.38(1). The trial court noted in its memorandum that the part of the lake in section 21 which would be drained by the project was of limited size and depth and that under Minn.St. 106.021, subd. 2, the county board was authorized to drain it because of its shallow, marshy character. In holding that the lake was not public water capable of substantial beneficial use, the court pointed out that it was not suitable for swimming or fishing but only for hunting. This was a fact determination which we find to be supported by the evidence. Consequently, the statute requiring a permit from the commissioner of natural resources is not applicable. The other issues raised we have considered but do not find it necessary to discuss them. Reversed and remanded. KELLY, J., took no part in the consideration or decision of this case. [1] See, also, O'Brien v. City of St. Paul, 25 Minn. 331, 33 Am.Rep. 470; Pflegar v. Hastings & Dakota Ry. Co., 28 Minn. 510, 11 N.W. 72; Schaefer v. Marthaler, 34 Minn. 487, 26 N.W. 726. [2] The prevailing law is stated as follows in 26 Am.Jur.2d Eminent Domain, § 195: "* * * So, it appears that a body possessing the right to exercise the power of eminent domain is required to make compensation for damages to land not taken resulting from the obstruction or diversion of, or other interference with, the natural flow of surface water, by a public improvement, although a private landowner would not be liable in damages under the same circumstances, upon the ground that such obstruction, diversion, or interference is a taking or damaging of such land within the meaning of a constitutional provision requiring compensation to be made on the taking or damaging of private property for public use." See, also, Annotation, 128 A.L.R. 1195, 1198. [3] Minn.St. 106.151, governing drainage procedures, requires viewers to report benefits and damages on all lands owned by the state the same as upon taxable lands.