Case Title: Mark Miller vs. West Virginia Division of Highways (Memorandum Decision)

Citation: 

Docket Number: 

State: west-virginia

Court: West Virginia Supreme Court

Date: 2021-07-19T00:00:00Z

Document:
FILED

STATE OF WEST VIRGINIA or TE
SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS seston
MARK A. MILLER,
Claimant Below, Petitioner

vs.) No, 20-0298 (BOR Appeal No. 2054720)
(Claim No. 2018014662)

WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS,
Employer Below, Respondent

MEMORANDUM DECISION

Petitioner Mark A. Miller, by Counsel Robert L. Stultz, appeals the decision of the West
Virginia Workers’ Compensation Board of Review (“Board of Review”), West Virginia Division
of Highways, by Counsel Steven K. Wellman, filed a timely response.

The issues on appeal are medical benefits and temporary total disability. ‘The claims
administrator granted a 14% permanent partial disability award on October 9, 2018. On May 1,
2019, the claims administrator denied authorization of Tylenol #3, Valium, Lipitor, Cymbalta,
Insulin, Glucophage, Percocet, Lidoderm Patch, Lexapro, and monthly or twice monthly office
visits and medicine checks.' The claims administrator denied a referal io the West Virgina Spine
Center on July 11, 2019. The Workers’ Compensation Office of Judges (“Office of Judges”)
aiffirmed the decisions with the modification that Lidoderm Patch be approved by order entered on
October 10, 2019, Order. The Onder fom the Office of Judges was aflizmed by the Board of
Review on April 14, 2020.

The Court has carefilly reviewed the records, writen arguments, and appendices contained
inthe briefs, and the case is mature for consideration. The facts and legal arguments are adequately
‘resented, and the decisional process would not be significantly aided by orl argument. Upon
‘consideration ofthe standard of review, the briefS, and the resord presented, the Court finds no
substantial question of law and no prejudicial eror. For these reasons, a memorandum decision is
appropriate under Rule 21 of the Rules of Appellate Procedure

"The only issues on appeal from this decision are the denial of Tylenol #3, Valium, and

Percocet.
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The standard of review applicable to this Coun’s consideration of workers’ compensation
appeals has been set out under W. Va. Code § 23-5-15, in relevant pat, as follows:

 

(b) In reviewing a decision of the board of review, the supreme court of appeals
shall consider the record provided by the board and give deference to the board's
findings, reasoning and conclusions[,}

(@ Ifthe decision ofthe board effectively represents a reversal ofa prior ruling of
either the commission or the Office of Judges that was entered on the same issue in
the same claim, the decision of the board may be reversed or modified by the
Supreme Court of Appeals only if the decision isin clear violation of constitutional
fr statutory provisions, is clearly the result of erroneous conclusions of law, or is
so clearly wrong based upon the evidentiary record that even when all inferences
are resolved in favor of the board's findings, reasoning and conclusions, there is
insufficient support to sustain the decision. The court may not conduct a de novo
re-Weighing of the evidentiary record,

 

‘See Hammons v. W. Va. Off of Ins. Comm'r, 235 W. Va, $77, $82-83, 775 S.2d 458, 463-64
(2015). As we previously recognized in Justice v: West Virginia Office Insurance Commission,
230 W. Va. 80,83, 736 S.E.24 80, 83 (2012), we apply ade novo standard of review to questions
of law arising in the context of decisions issued by the Boar. See also Davies v. West Virginia
Off of ns. Comm'r, 227 W. Na. 330, 334, 708 S.E 2d 524, $28 (2011),

Mr. Miller, a laborer, was injured when he was struck in the upper back and shoulders on
October 16, 2017. On September 18, 2018, he underwent an Independent Medical Evaluation by
Prasadarao’Mukkamala, M.D., wao noted the compensable injuries as neck contusion, right
shoulder contusion, cervical dise displacement, and cervical dise disorder. Dr. Mukkamala found
‘that Mr. Millerhad reached maximum medical improvement and required no further treatment for
the compensable injury. He assessed 14% cervical impairment, He then placed Mr. Miller in
Cervical Category TV from West Virginia Code of State Rules § 85-20-E and adjusted the rating
10 25%, Dr. Mukkamala then apportioned 12% of the impairment for preexisting conditions. Dr.
Makkamala also assessed 1% impairment for the right shoulder. His total impairment assessment
for the compenseble injury was 14%. The claims administrator granted a 14% permanent partial
disability award on October 9, 2018,

 

Mr. Miller was treated on December 17, 2018, by Cheryl Green, FNP, fom Webster
‘County Hospital for a regular checkup, and he reported a flsir-up of pain. On January 9, 2019,
Jeannette Jackson, M.D., from Webster County Hospital, saw Mr. Miller for tenderness and musele
‘spasms in the cervical spine. An injection was administered. Mr. Miller returned to Webster
‘County Hospital on February 9, 2019, and! was treated by Lindsey Tabor, FNP, Mr. Miller was
‘counseled regarding his medication and no compliance issues were found.

 
Rebecca Thaxton, M.D., performed a Physician Review on March 4, 2019, to comment on
the necessity of treatment from Webster County Clinic and Hospital on May 22, July 8, July 10,
‘August 22, and October 2, 2018. She was also asked to comment on the necessity of injections and
the following medications: Tylenol #3, Valium, Lipitor, Cymbslta, Insulin, Glucophage, Percocet,
jdoderm Patch, and Lexapro, among others. Dr. Thaxton determined that the May 22, July 8, and
‘August 22, 2018, office visits should not be authorized because they were for the treatment of
noncompensable conditions. The October 2, 2018, office visit, however, was to address neck pain
‘and chronic pain and should be authorized. Dr. Thaxton opined that the medications Lipi
Lexapro, Neurontin, Insulin, Glucophage, Tylenol #3 and Valium should not be authorized
because they are aimed at treating Mr. Miller's general medical condition rather than the
compensable injury. She further noted that Valium, Percocet, and Tylenol #3 exceed the West
Virginia Code of State Rules § 85-20 guidelines in this case and should not be authorized. Dr.
‘Thaxton stated that office visits to the Pain Center dated February 6 and February 21, 2019, should
bbe authorized because they were aimed at treating the compensable injury.

 

 

  

In aMarch 14, 2019, Independent Medical Evaluation, Karl C. Boone, D.C., assessed 24%
cervical spine impairment. He placed Mr. Miller in Category IV from West Virginia Code of State
Rules § 85-20-E and adjusted the rating to 25%. For the right shoulder, Dr. Boone assessed 4%
impairment, His total impairment assessment was 29%,

Ons

 

xy 1, 2019, the StetSelect Grievance Board (‘he Board”) considered whether
‘Tylenol #3, Valium, Lipitor, Cymbalta Insulin, Glucophage, Percocet, Lidoderm Patch, Lexapro,
and monthly or twice monthly office visits and medicine checks should be authorized. It
determined that the claim was compensable for neck contusion, right shoulder contusion, cervical
dise displacement, and cervical disc disorder. Mr. Miller underwent surgery. The Board noted that
De. Mukkamala had determined that Mr. Miller reached maximum medical improvement as of the
September 18, 2018, independent medical evalvation. The Board noted that Dr. Thaxton
recommended the medications be denied as they aze nat simed at treating the compensable injury.
“The Board found her opinion to be persuasive and recommended denial of the requested
‘medications and office visits. Also, on May 1, 2019, the claim administrator denied authorization
of Tylenol #3, Valium, Lipitor, Cymbalta, Insulin, Glucophage, Percocet, Lidoderm Patch,
Lexapro, and monthly or twise monthly office visits and medicine checks.

 

 

‘On May 9,2019, Mr, Miller returned to Webster County Hospital and was treated by Debra
Williams. FNP. She found that Mr. Miller’s functioning had improved and recommended he
continue his opioid therapy. She also requested that Mr. Miller be referred to West Virginia Spine
Center for chronic neck pain with right arm radiculopathy.

In a May 22, 2019, Independent Medical Evaluation, Jennifer Lultschik, M.D., noted that
Me. Miller suffered from degenerative conditions inthe cervical spine and bilateral shoulders that
preexisted the compensable injury. Mr. Miller underwent cervical surgery, which Dr. Lultschik
‘opined was necessitated by preexisting conditions. Therefore, any further medical treatment
related to such is not related to the compensable injury. Dr. Lultschik assessed 15% cervical spine
impairment. She placed Mr. Miller in Cervical Category IV from West Virginia Code of State
Rules § 85-20-E, and adjusted the assessment to 25%. For the right shoulder, Dr. Lultschik

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assessed 3% impairment. Her total combined impairment rating was 27%. She then apportioned
18% for preexisting conditions. For the right shoulder, Dr. Lultschik found 1% impairment. Her
‘combined total impairment assessment was 8%,

In a May 30, 2019, physician review, Dr. Thaxton was asked to determine whether a
referral to the West Virginia Spine Center should be authorized. She found that the request should
‘be denied. She stated that Mr. Miller underwent surgery for a C6-7 herniated disc, improved, and
retumed to work. Approximately three weeks later, he had a fair-up due to a car tide, Mr. Miller
‘was then evaluated by Dr, Mukkamala, who found that he had reached maximum medical
improvement. Dr. Thaxton noted that Dr. Mukkamala recommended no further treatment for the
compensable injuries and stated that any further pain management or therapy would be aimed at
treating the preexisting, noncompensable conditions. Based on the medical record, Dr. Thaxton
agreed with Dr. Mukkamala’s opinion.

In a treatment note, Heather O'Dell, FNP-C, from Webster County Hospital, treated Mr.
Miler on June 6, 2019, and indicated he would be seen every six months by a nurse practitioner,
‘registered nurse, professional counseling services, a pain specialist, and a primary care provider.
Mr. Miller was also to begin physical therapy.

 

‘The Board determined on July 11, 2019, that a referal to the West Virginia Spine Center
should not be authorized. Tt found that Dr. Mukkamala determined Mr. Miller had reached
maximum medical improvement for his compensable injuries, and Mr. Miller was granted a
permanent partial disability award. Further, the request for a referral was made by Nurse Williams
for chronic neck pain with radiculopathy. When Dr. Mukkamala examined Mr. Miller on
September 13, 2018, and found that he had reached maximum medical improvement, Dr.
Mukkamala noted that there were no signs of radiculopathy. The claims administrator denied a
referral to the West Virginia Spine Center from chronic neck pain with radiculopathy on July 11,
2019.

  

 

Dr. Jackson testified in a deposition on July 29, 2019, that she prescribed Tylenol #3 for
pain due to the work-related injury. Mr. Miller was previously prescribed Valium, but Dr. Jackson
Stated that the medication is an excellent muscle relaxer and helps reduce anxiety due to pain.
‘Therefore, she prescribed the medication for muscle spasms due to the compensable injury.
Percocet and Lidoderm patches were prescribed to manage pain from the compensable injury. Dr.
Jackson stated that Mr. Miller had to be seen every month due to CDC and Medicare guidelines
for chronic pain management. Dr. Jackson stated that although Tylenol #3 is a controlled
substance, itis a relatively weak opioid and Mr. Miller was a candidate for continued opioid
‘therapy duc to pain and reduced functional abilities. Dr Jackson opined that Mr. Miller's reported.
pain was more than would be expected for someone who had a cervical decompression and fusion.
‘This led her to suspect that he ltd additional conditions causing some of his pain, Dr. Jackson did
not believe Mr. Miller had reached maximum medical improvement, and she agreed witha referral
to the West Virginia Spine Clinic. Dr, Jackson noted that this was an extraordinary case which
required ongoing opioid medication, She stated that Mr. Miller was always compliant with his
‘medication regiment.

  
In an August 25, 2019, supplemental report, Dr. Lultschik stated that she reviewed Dr,
Jackson's testimony and the West Virginia Code of State Rules § 85-20 treatment regulations. Dr,
Lultschik opined that Tylenol #3 and Percocet are opioid medications that are not recommended
for longer than two weeks after an injury or subsequent surgery. She disagreed with Dr, Jackson's
‘opinion that this was an extraordinary case. Dr, Lultschik stated that the compensable injury was
2 minor self-limiting injury for which Mr. Miller was treated and retumed to work on July 20,
2018. Mr. Miller's subsequent reports of pain have been subjective and not supported by a surgical
opinion. Dr. Lultschik opined that Mr. Miller did not need monthly office visits because the
controlled medications were for the treatment of preexisting degenerative disc disease, a
rnoncompensable condition, Lastly, Dr. Lultschik stated that a referral to the West Virginia Spine
Center isnot reasonable or necessary. She noted that though Dr. Jackson agreed with the referral,
she testified in her deposition that she did not know who made the referral or the basis on which it
was made.

The Office of Judges affirmed the claims administrator's decision granting a 14%
permanent partial disability award in its October 10, 2019, Order. The Office of Judges also
affirmed the claims administrator's denial of a referral to the West Virginia Spine Center for
‘onic neck pain with radiculopathy. Lastly, the Office of Judges affirmed the decision denying
‘authorization of Tylenol #3, Valium, Lipitor, Cymbalta, Insulin, Glucophage, Percocet, Lidodesm
Patch, Lexapro, and monthly or twice monthly office visits and medicine checks with the
‘modification that Lidoderm Patches be authorized.

Regarding permanent partial disability, the Office of Judges found that there are three
independent medical evaluations of record. Dr. Mukkamala found 13% cervical impairment and
1% right shoulder impairment for a total of 14% permanent partial disability. Dr. Boone found
25% impairment forthe cervical spine and 4% impairment forthe right shoulder fora total of 29%
permanent partial disability. Dr. Lultshik found 7% cervical impairment and 1% right shoulder
{impairment for a total of 8% permanent partial disability. The Orfice of Judges determined that
the primary difference between Dr. Boone's finding of 29% impairment and the much lower
ratings of Dr. Mukkamala (14%) and Dr. Lulischik (8%) was Dr. Boone's failure to apportion for
noncompensable conditions. The opinions of Drs. Mukkamala und Lultschik were determined to
be of equal evidentiary weight and the matter was resolved in favor of Mr. Miller. The Office of
Judges concluded that Mr, Miller had 14% impairment as a result of the compensable injury.

 

‘The Office of Judges next addressed the request fora eferal tothe West Virginia Spine
Clinic, In her Physician Review, Dr. Thaxton opined that any referal the pin clinic would be
to address noncompenssble, preexisting conditions. When Dr. Mukkamala examined Mr. Miller
on September 13, 2018, there were no signs of radiculopathy, and Dr. Mukkamala opined that
there was no indication for future office visits, medication, pain management, or therapy. He
further opined that Mr. Mille would need medication management but that Would be to adress
noncompensable conditions, not the compensable injury. The Office of Judges found that though
De. Jackson testified that she agreed with a referal to the West Virginia Spine Cline, she was
unclear who made the request. The Office of Judges concluded that it was more likely than not
thatthe referal was for the treatment of noncompensable conditions.

 

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Lastly, the Office of Judges addressed the denial of the medications Tylenol #3, Valium,
and Pereocet as well as monthly or twice monthly office visits and medicine checks. The Office
of Judges found that Valium, Percocet, and Tylenol #3, are controlled substances and their use is
restricted by West Virginia Code of State Rules § 85-20-53.14. Mr. Miller underwent surgery on
Fobruary 26, 2018, and was released to retum to unrestricted work on July 20, 2018, Therefore,
the timeframe for the use of controlled medications has long since passed. The Office of Judges
found that there is no evidence that this is an extraordinary case. The Office of Judges agreed with
Dr. Thaxton’s opinion that monthly or twice monthly office visits and medicine checks were
"unnecessary because the controlled medications are not necessary, The Board of Review adopted
the findings of fact and conclusions of law of the Office of Judges and affirmed its Order on April
14, 2020.

‘Afer review, we agree with the reasoning and conclusions of the Office of Judges as
affirmed by the Board of Review. Of the three evaluations of record, the Office of Judges did not
err in finding Dr. Boone's evaluation to be a clear outlier and unreliable because he failed to
apportion for Mr. Miller's preexisting conditions. The claims administrator was correct to grant a
14% permanent partial disability award. The referral to West Virginia Spine Center was properiy
denied. The request was made by Nurse Williams for chronic neck pain and right arm
radiculopathy, neither of which are compensable in the claim. Finally, the Office of Judge was
correct to deny the requested medications as they were not necessary treatment for the
‘compensable condition

 

ASfirmed,

 

CONCURRED IN BY:

Chie Justice Evan H. Jenkins
Justice Elizabeth D. Walker
Justice Tim Armstead

Justice John A. Hutchison
Justice William R. Wooton