Case Title: Williams v. Cimarron Insurance Co.

Citation: 406 S.W.2d 173

Docket Number: A-11406

State: texas

Court: Texas Supreme Court

Date: 1966-07-20T00:00:00Z

Document:
406 S.W.2d 173 (1966) Jimmy Ray WILLIAMS, Petitioner, v. CIMARRON INSURANCE CO., Inc., Respondent. No. A-11406. Supreme Court of Texas. July 20, 1966. Rehearing Denied October 5, 1966. Peery, Wilson & Jameson, Norman Whitlow, with above firm, Wichita Falls, W. James Kronzer, Houston, for petitioner. L. W. Anderson, Dallas, for respondent. NORVELL, Justice. This is an action to recover medical, hospital and funeral expenses under the medical payments provision of an automobile insurance policy issued by Cimarron Insurance Co., Inc. The facts are stipulated and the controlling question is whether the stock car racer here involved is comprehended by the definition of "automobile" contained in coverage C of the policy. The trial court held that it was not and rendered judgment that plaintiff, Jimmy Ray Williams, take nothing against the insurance company. The Court of Civil Appeals at Amarillo affirmed. 400 S.W.2d 805. In our opinion the judgment of the Court of Civil Appeals was correct. On July 4, 1964, Jimmy Ray Williams, his wife and their minor son, James Richard Williams, were spectators at a race track located on private property at an amusement park near Craterville, Oklahoma, when one of the stock car racers careened through the fence and struck all the members of the Williams family. Mr. and Mrs. Williams sustained serious personal injuries and James Richard was killed. The racer which struck them was a stripped-down 1947 Ford sedan with a 1954 Mercury motor owned by Carl Osborn and Robert R. Riddle. The vehicle had been originally manufactured by the Ford Motor Company, but it had been modified by Robert R. Riddle about a year prior to the accident and converted into a stock car racer and after modification, the vehicle had no tail lights, headlights or window glass. A screen wire served as a species of windshield. In front the car had a safety bar and two angle irons coming to a point about two and one-half (2½) feet *174 in front of the radiator, but it had no fenders, bumpers or horn. It was equipped with heavy-duty tie rods and spindles and oversized tires. The speedometer cable was not connected and it was either towed or carried on a trailer to and from the race track. The vehicle was not licensed by the State of Oklahoma or any other state for operation upon the public roads and highways. The pertinent provisions of the policy are as follows: (The italicized portions of the policy provisions form the basis of the dispute in this case.) The stock car racer which figured in the tragedy giving rise to this lawsuit is undoubtedly a land motor vehicle not operated on rails or crawler treads. It was an automobile within the usual meaning of the term,[1] but the controlling question is whether such racer comes within the policy clause which states that the term "automobile" does not mean "(a) a farm type tractor or other equipment designed for use principally off public roads, except while actually upon public roads. * * *" Upon the date of the accident, the racer was a vehicle designed for use principally off public roads. It was so equipped or under-equipped that it could neither be licensed nor lawfully used upon the public highways. The plaintiff (petitioner) urges here that the words "other equipment" must be construed as meaning something similar to a "farm type tractor" under the rule of ejusdem generis or noscitur a sociis. It is argued that the stock racer being a land motor vehicle and not being a piece of equipment similar to a farm type tractor, one who sustains bodily injury by being struck by such racer may recover under the Automobile Medical Payments clause of the policy. As further supporting this construction, it is said that a farm type tractor or equipment similar thereto may upon occasion be lawfully driven upon the public roads while the racer could not, because it lacks the basic equipment necessary to qualify it for public road use. Article 6701d, §§ 108-139a, Vernon's Ann.Tex. Stats. It is said that, "Unless it can be *175 argued. * * * that the insurer intended to cover operations upon a public road in violation of law, then it is abundantly clear that what the policy provisions exclude is that type of `other equipment' that can be operated upon the roadway on limited occasions." The petitioner cites the case of Smith v. Stewart, 21 A.D.2d 551, 251 N.Y.S.2d 342 (1964) in support of his position. The pertinent policy provision defined automobile as being "a land motor vehicle, trailer or semi-trailer", but further provided that "the term `automobile' does not include any crawler or farm-type tractor, farm implement and, if not subject to motor vehicle registration, any equipment which is designed for use principally off public roads." The vehicle involved was a 1941 Chevrolet coupe which had its doors, headlights, fenders and hood removed; its rear seating compartment cut away and a homemade stake body substituted therefor. The Supreme Court of New York held that: Petitioner urges that the secondary holding (relating to farm implement) is directly contrary to the position of the intermediate Court in the instant case and argues that: We are unable to agree with petitioner's argument. To us, the restrictive proviso designates two distinct classifications. It plainly states that the word automobile does not mean "a farm type tractor or other equipment designed for use principally off public roads". The phrase "designed for use principally off public roads" does not convey the notion that something similar to a farm type tractor was intended by the contracting parties. The Court of Civil Appeals cited and quoted at some length from Beagle v. Automobile Club Insurance Co., Ohio Com.Pl., 176 N.E.2d 542 (1960). This is a decision of the Court of Common Pleas of Ohio and is the nearest case upon the facts that has come to our attention. While its value as a precedent is persuasive only, we are of the opinion that the decision of the Ohio Court correctly construed the restrictive clause which is now before us in this case. We need not repeat the discussion of Beagle which is contained in the opinion of the Court of Civil Appeals other than to quote the following excerpt: The judgment of the Court of Civil Appeals affirming the judgment of the trial court is affirmed. [1] See generally, Davis v. National Casualty Co., 142 Tex. 29, 175 S.W.2d 957 (1943) [oil derrick pulled on rollers by caterpillar tractor]; Pennell v. United Insurance Co., 150 Tex. 541, 243 S.W.2d 572 (1951) [jeep]; Mutual Benefit Health & Accident Ass'n v. Hudman, 385 S.W.2d 509 (Tex.Civ.App.1965, rev'd on other gnds 398 S.W.2d 110 [Tex.Sup. 1965]) [pickup truck]; Combined American Insurance Company v. Ganzer, 350 S.W.2d 211 (Tex.Civ.App.1961, no writ hist.) [truck mounted crane]. Cf. Annotations: 12 A.L.R.2d 598, "Vehicle" within meaning of insurance coverage or exceptions; 38 A.L.R.2d 867, What is an "automobile" or a "car" within coverage of accident policy; 74 A.L.R.2d 1264, What is an "automobile" or a "car" within coverage of automobile liability policy. [2] Cf. Lang v. General Insurance Company of America, 268 Minn. 36, 127 N.W.2d 541 (1964), Beeler v. Pennsylvania Threshermen & Farm Insurance Company, 48 Tenn.App. 370, 346 S.W.2d 457 (1960).