Case Title: Waters v. Ellis

Citation: 312 S.W.2d 231

Docket Number: A-6676

State: texas

Court: Texas Supreme Court

Date: 1958-04-16T00:00:00Z

Document:
312 S.W.2d 231 (1958) K. M. WATERS, Petitioner, v. Kenneth ELLIS, Respondent. No. A-6676. Supreme Court of Texas. April 16, 1958. *232 Allen Harp, Williams, Broughton & Forbis, Childress, for petitioner. Richard D. Bird, Childress, for respondent. NORVELL, Justice. This case is a combination action of trespass to try title and suit to remove cloud from title filed by Kenneth Ellis, against K. M. Waters, asserting ownership of all of the S.E.¼ of Section 449, Block H, W. & N. W. Ry. Co. Survey, Childress County, Texas. The case was submitted to the trial court upon the following stipulation: The trial court held that Waters was the owner of an undivided one half mineral interest in the property and rendered judgment accordingly. The Court of Civil Appeals reversed, holding that Waters' mineral interest was a one fourth rather than a one half, 308 S.W.2d 169. Waters, as petitioner, brings the case here. While Ellis in his pleadings specifically charged that both mineral deeds were ineffective and should be removed as clouds upon his title, he stated in his rief filed in the Court of Civil Appeals that, "It is not disputed by the appellant herein that the deed (dated August 12, 1939) conveyed an undivided one-fourth interest in the mineral rights to the appellee, K. M. Waters." The points urged by Ellis in the Court of Civil Appeals were that: There was no contention made that rentals or royalties accruing under mineral leases that might be placed upon the land should be apportioned in any way other *233 than being divided into proportionate parts in accordance with the mineral interests held by the respective parties. The controlling issue presented is whether Waters owns a one half or a one fourth mineral interest in the property and this is determined by the construction to be placed upon the 1941 mineral deed mentioned in the stipulation. In our opinion the 1941 deed, as well as the 1939 deed, conveyed a one fourth mineral interest to Waters and accordingly the judgment of the Court of Civil Appeals will be reversed and that of the trial court affirmed. The granting clauses of the two deeds are identical and read as follows: In the clause which immediately follows the granting clause, the name of the grantee was spelled "Watters" in the 1939 deed instead of "Waters" as in the 1941 conveyance. Also, in the latter deed the word "each" [conceded to be meaningless] followed the name, "Waters." Such clauses read as follows (the differences in the second conveyance being indicated by the words in parentheses): The 1956 deed from S. B. W. Hughes, the common source of title, to Ellis purports to convey all of the quarter section mentioned and contains no exception or reference to the mineral interests theretofore conveyed to Waters. Ellis does not contend that the Court of Civil Appeals held or that the stipulation would support a holding that the 1941 deed was executed to correct the 1939 conveyance. Upon the record, the theory of a correction deed embraces the rankest of speculation. The 1939 deed was a legal and effective conveyance and to guess that someone made a mistake in thinking that the 1939 deed needed correcting and then made a second mistake in failing to designate the 1941 instrument as a correction deed is to embark upon a conjectural excursion into the realm of pure speculation. Respondent makes no such contention here but says that, "the question for decision by the Court is whether or not the last purported mineral deed dated January 3rd, 1941, conveyed any additional interest to K. M. Waters, and as to whether recitals in a deed which is accepted by the grantee are binding upon said grantee." He further contends that this case is controlled by Woods v. Sims, 154 Tex. 59, 273 S.W.2d 617, 620, wherein this Court said: This case comes within the exception mentioned in Woods v. Sims. Respondent's argument devolved into a clear case of necessary repugnance. While there is no conflict of clauses apparent when we consider the terms of the 1941 deed by itself, respondent argues that the 1939 deed must be considered so as to defeat the granting clause of 1941 conveyance. He argues that the 1939 deed conveyed a one fourth mineral interest and therefore the 1941 deed was wholly inoperative because of the recitation of ownership of the minerals contained thereinone fourth in Waters and three fourths in Hughes, who conveyed to respondent Ellis. It is said that this result must follow because the grantee is bound by the provisions of the deed. This argument evades rather than solves the problem of construction, for it can be said with equal logic that the grantor by signing the deed was bound by the provisions thereof, particularly the granting clause which purports to convey a one fourth mineral interest. We are brought to face again with the problem of an inescapable conflict of clauses in the 1941 deed assuming arguendo that it is permissible to consider the provisions of the 1939 deed in order to create such repugnancy. It is a recognized rule of construction that where there is a "necessary repugnance" of clauses in a conveyance, the granting clause prevails over the other provisions of the deed. Germany v. Turner, 132 Tex. 491, 123 S.W.2d 874; Graham's Estate v. Stewart, Tex.Civ.App., 15 S.W.2d 72, wr. ref.; Kynerd v. Hulen, 5 Cir., 5 F.2d 160; Storm v. United States, 5 Cir., 243 F.2d 708; 14-B Tex.Jur. 589, Deeds, § 140. Cf. Pich v. Lankford, Tex.Sup.Ct., 302 S.W.2d 645, involving exceptions and recitals. The construction urged by respondent also runs counter to other recognied rules. A deed will be construed to confer upon the grantee the greatest estate that the terms of the instrument will permit. Garrett v. Dils Company, Tex.Sup.Ct., 299 S.W.2d 904; Texas Creosoting Co. v. Hartburg Lumber Co., Tex.Com.App., 12 S.W.2d 169, 174; 14-B Tex.Jur. 580, 720, Deeds, §§ 133, 252. It is to be presumed that the parties intended to effect a conveyance and a construction affirming the validity of a deed will be adopted in preference to one which would nullify the instrument. Kelly v. Womack, 153 Tex. 371, 268 S.W.2d 903; Kokernot v. Caldwell, Tex.Civ.App., 231 S.W.2d 528, wr. ref.; 14-B Tex.Jur. 579-80, Deeds, §§ 130, 131. The rule is well stated in Grogan v. City of Brownwood, Tex.Civ.App., 214 S.W. 532, 537, no writ history, as follows: The judgment of the Court of Civil Appeals is reversed and that of the trial court affirmed.