Case Title: MERRITT v MERRITT

Citation: 

Docket Number: 

State: montana

Court: Montana Supreme Court

Date: 1974-10-09T00:00:00Z

Document:
No. 12709 I N T H E S U P R E M E COURT O F THE STATE O F M O N T A N A 1974 G L A D Y S L. MERRITT, P l a i n t i f f and Respondent, -vs - A R T H U R H. MERRITT, Defendant and Appellant. Appeal from: D i s t r i c t Court of t h e Thirteenth J u d i c i a l D i s t r i c t , Honorable Charles Luedke, Judge presiding. Counsel of Record: For Appellant: Jones, Olsen and Christensen, B i l l i n g s , Montana Paul G. Olsen argued, Billings, Montana Reno and Dolve, Billings, Montana For Respondent : Longan and Holmstrom, Billings, Montana Robert W. Holmstrom argued, Billings, Montana Filed: ODT Submitted : September 16, 1974 Decided : m o 19LT Mr. Justice John Conway Harrison delivered the Opinion of the Court . This is a declaratory judgment action to have the Court declare the rights of the parties in a business known as the Merritt Distributorship. The cause was initiated by Gladys L. Merritt against Arthur H. Merritt, who counterclaimed alleging he was entitled to a one-half interest in the business and to one-half of the revenue derived therefrom. Judgment was entered in favor of Gladys L. Merritt, declaring her the sole owner of the Merritt Distributorship. The Merritts were formerly husband and wife and for some years prior to their divorce had been engaged in the business of selling Shaklee Products as Merritt Distributors. The business was located in Billings, Montana. Shaklee Products include organic cleaners, food supplements, cosmetics, a baby line and mens toiletries that are sold by the direct selling method. Over a period of approximately nine years their distributorship had been built up to a gross annual sale of nearly $200,000. One of the keys to the success of the distributorship were the operations of 10 supervisors that had been brought into the Shaklee sales by the Merritts. On September 9, 1970, the Merritts were divorced after reaching a property settlement agreement which was incorporated and adopted as part of the decree. The property settlement agreement provided for the division of the marital assets, includ- ing the business known as the Merritt Distributorship. Paragraph 9 ( f ) of the Agreement recognized that the assignment of the super- visors was subject to the approval of the Shaklee Company. Para- graph 9 (£) reads : "That during the course of the partnership, as set forth above, various co-ordinators, supervisors, wholesale and retail dealers, have been developed by the parties hereto; t h a t each of s a i d co-ordinators, supervisors, wholesale and r e t a i l d e a l e r s s h a l l have the r i g h t , subject t o t h e approval of t h e Shaklee Company, t o select whichever of t h e p a r t i e s hereto he d e s i r e s t o a c t a s o v e r a l l co-ordinator f o r f u t u r e d i s t r i b u t i o n of Shaklee Products; t h a t i n t h e event t h a t t h e Shaklee Company r e f u s e s t o recognize t h e choice made by such co-ordinator, supervisor, wholesale o r r e t a i l d e a l e r f o r f u t u r e sales, t h e p a r t y hereto deeming himself o r herself offended thereby, s h a l l have h i s o r her r i g h t of a c t i o n , i f any, a g a i n s t t h e Shaklee Company exclusive of i n t e r - ference from t h e o t h e r party." It was known e i t h e r a t t h e t i m e of t h e divorce o r j u s t a f t e r t h a t t h e Shaklee Company was going t o g r a n t a l l of t h e s a l e s f o r c e (the 10 supervisors) of t h e M e r r i t t Distributorship t o Gladys. An e l e c t i o n w a s held which polled t h e 1 0 supervisors as t o which of t h e p a r t i e s i n t h e partnership they desired t o remain with a f t e r its d i s s o l u t i o n . Five of them voted t o remain with Gladys and t h e rest d i d not chflo,seeither s o they were assign-". ed t o Gladys by Shaklee. A t t h e t i m e of t h e divorce James M. Janke, C.P.A., w a s hired t o do a l l books of account with t h e r i g h t of inspection i n both p a r t i e s . This w a s provided f o r i n para. 1 1 of t h e Agreement and was s e t up along with para. 9 ( f ) a n t i c i p a t i n g t h a t some d i s - agreements might a r i s e between t h e p a r t i e s r e l a t i v e t o t h e inven- t o r y and t h e values of which each p a r t y was e n t i t l e d t o . Such a d i s p u t e d i d a r i s e r e l a t i v e t o t h e amount of money Gladys should pay Arthur f o r t h e property she retained. O n February 2 4 , 1971 Gladys paid Arthur t h e sum of $4,442.17, which she t e s t i f i e d i n her opinion represented a l l t h e a s s e t s . Arthur disagreed a l l e g i n g t h a t t h e w o r d s "Full s a t i s f a c t i o n of Settlement" on t h e check had been scratched o u t while they w e r e before t h e c o u r t and he alleged t h i s w a s only a p a r t i a l settlement. Between t h e time of t h i s check, 2/24/71 and 4/1/71, Gladys became d i s s a t i s f i e d with her attorney and terminated t h e i r r e l a t i o n s h i p . Gladys t e s t i f i e d t h a t on o r about t h a t d a t e she m e t with Arthur, a t her request, t o see i f a settlement could be reached. Concerning t h i s meeting she testified as follows: "A. I had no legal counsel at the time; Mr. Merritt came to my apartment and I asked him if he would settle for $10,000 and we'd get this thing resolved because I was tired of all the legal aspects and so forth, and he thought a minute and -- I said you go to your attorney -- he said he would go to Mr. Willis Jones and get a paper drawn up to that effect, and he brought it to my apartment-- "Q. The same day? A. I don't recall if it was the same or the next day. I believe it was the next day after the meeting of the evening. 'Cause I don't think Mr. Jones was available that night, I'm sure. "Q. And was that signed then in your apartment? A. Yes, it was. "Q. Did your husband sign it? A. Yes, he did. "Q. And did you pay the $10,000.00? A. I did." The "stipulation" signed on April 2, 1971, contains the following language: " * * * that the parties hereby release each other from any further liability whatsoever under said Property Settlement Agreement * * *". Gladys further testified her understanding of the $10,000 payment was: "Q. --complete settlement of all disputes for the sum of $10,000.00. A. Correct. To wipe everything clean. "Q. What disputes were you having at that point? "A. Well, we had been in and out of court and I had no legal counsel at that time and in order to resolve the whole deal, with Shaklee Corpor- ation, myself and Mr. Merritt, I offered him, to wipe the slate clean, for $10,000.00,with two payments, and he agreed. He went down to your office and got the papers made up, 'cause I had no legal counsel at that time. And he did say that he was going to have plenty from Shaklee, anyway, from a suit which was $1,900,000.00, later. But he did mention that this would be fine because he would have plenty of money, anyway. "Q. Well now, you had already paid $4,442.17 to Mr. Merritt for products and furniture, so what were you still fighting about? That is-- A. So there would be no more lawyer problems, no more court cases, 'cause I have had it. And he said that he would accept that. And I said, 'Let's just forget it,' and he said he wanted no part of Shaklee, the Shaklee business or the Shaklee distributors or promotion or anything like that, that he was going to get money. Now, that's exactly what we discussed and . . . Because -- On account of a suit against Shaklee Products for $1,900,000.00, and this was considered a complete resolving of our problems with anything to do with Shaklee between the two of us." At about the same time as the stipulation Arthur filed a suit in federal court against the Shaklee Company alleging a breach of contract with him as to the assignment of the super- visors to Mrs. Merritt. Mrs. Merritt was not a party in the federal court case. On November 9, 1972, a consent decree issued from the federal court awarding Arthur $10,000 against the Shaklee Company and it ordered the Shaklee Company: " * * * to make all payments, whether bonuses, commission, royalties or otherwise, currently being made to Gladys Merritt alone to Gladys Merritt and Arthur Merritt doing business as Merritt Distributors, a partnership, commencing with the date of entry of this decree, and to forthwith modify its records and accounts to show Arthur Merritt thereon with Gladys Merritt in the same style and in the same force and effect as though the said records and accounts had not been changed by defendant corporation in September, 1970 * * * . I t Immediately after the consent decree came down Arthur Merritt claimed reinstatement as a partner and demanded half the income from the supervisors. This action was instituted for the purpose of determining the rights of the parties. The issue stated by the appellant is: whether or not there is sufficient evidence for the district court to find that the stipulation of April 2, 1971, constituted a complete and full release by Arthur Merritt unto Gladys Merritt of any claim he might have had to the partnership assets. While the respondent Gladys alleges that the issue, as stated, is too narrow and argues that the "conduct of the parties" must be taken into consideration, We agree and will, for our purposes, consider the totality of the facts presented to the trial court for its decision. In so doing we note two principles concerning the ex- tent of appellate review many times referred to by this Court in previous cases. First, as recently set forth in Cope v. Cope, 158 Mont. 388, 392, 493 P.2d 336, the rule was stated: "We have many times stated that the function of this Court is to determine whether there is substantial evidence to support the find- ings of the trial court, and we will not reverse such findings of fact unless there is a clear preponderance of evidence against such findings. (Citing cases. ) '' Second, as noted in Eliason v. Eliason, 151 Mont. 409, 416, 443 P.2d 884: " * * * The credibility of the witnesses and the weight to be given their testimony is a matter for the district court's determination in a non-jury case (Notti v. Clark, 133 Mont. 263, 322 P.2d 112; Ballenger v. Tillman, 133 Mont. 369, 324 P.2d 1045) and the Supreme Court will sustain such determination by the trial court based on substantial conflicting evidence. Hammond v. Knievel, 141 Mont. 433, 378 P.2d 388; Havre Irrig. Co. v. Majerus, 132 Mont. 410, 318 P.2d 1076. The trial court, having observed and considered the appearance of the witnesses upon the witness stand, their manner of testifying, their apparent candor or want of candor, in addition to the testimony itself, is in a better position than this Court to decide questions or credibility of witnesses and the weight to be given their testimony. * * * " Here, the only conflict in the testimony of the parties was the intention of the parties at the time of the execution of the stipulation dated April 2, 1971. Mrs. Merritt's testimony was that she paid $10,000 to resolve all disputes growing out of the Property Settlement Agreement. Mr. Merritt's testimony was that when he accepted the $10,000, he did not give up whatever rights he had to the Shaklee Distributorship or the income from it. This argument is premised on (1) There was no consideration for releasing his interest in the partnership; (2) that the consideration given was inadequate. This argument ignores the facts and certain settled principles of law. The facts either overlooked or ignored by appellant that the assignment of the supervisors was a foregone conclusion prior to the execution of the Property Settlement Agreement of September 9, 1970, that paragraph 9 ( f ) of that Agreement recognized that Shaklee Company controlled the assignment of the supervisors, and that the stipulation expressly released each of the parties from any further liabilities except for the payment of a promissory note. Too, the argument of appellant ignores well settled prin- ciples of law. The Stipulation as drafted is in plain, simple and concise language. The appellant is trying to modify both the Stipulation and Property Settlement Agreement by oral testi- mony. We have in Montana both statutory and case law holding that oral agreements are deemed to be superseded by a written instrument. Section 13-607, R.C.M. 1947, provides: "The execution of a contract in writing, whether the law requires it to be written or not, super- sedes all the oral negotiations or stipulations concerning its matter which preceded or accompanied the execution of the instrument." Section 13-705, R.C.M. 1947, sets forth the rule of inter- pretation of contracts: "When a contract is reduced to writing, the intention of the parties is to be ascertained from the writing alone, if possible; subject, however, to the other provisions of this chapter. It Two recent opinions of this Court control the disposition of this case and the appellant's argument that he did not intend to release any claim he had on the supervisors. In Heckman and Shell v. Wilson, 158 Mont. 47, 487 P.2d 1141, we held: " * * * The rule of statute, followed mandatorily throughout the body of contract law, is that the written contract supersedes all prior negotiations and precludes evidence that alters, contradicts, or amends its written terms." Last, the appellant seems to argue that the consent decree of the federal court adjudicated Mrs. Merritt's rights to the Merritt Distributorship. Mr. Merritt's cause of action was against the Shaklee Company and Mrs. Merritt was never a party to the action. Under our form of jurisprudence, such a decree could ad- judicate the rights of Mrs. Merritt to the business known as Merritt Distributorship. Here the stipulation is written in clear and unambiguous language, and the trial court after considering all of the evi- dence along with the exhibits properly rejected Mr. Merritt's efforts to modify the language of the stipulation by par01 evi- dence. There was substantial evidence to support its decision Judgment of the trial court finding Mrs. Merritt sole owner of Merritt Distributorship is affirmed. - We concur: / I f-.<- { : # . e- . b - L-a-d-- ---- *-- F-A 2 - L - - - - 5 C % - - - L Chief Justice Justices