Case Title: Fox v. ROYCE

Citation: 194 Or. 419, 242 P.2d 190

Docket Number: 

State: oregon

Court: Oregon Supreme Court

Date: 1952-04-02T00:00:00Z

Document:
Reversed with directions April 2, 1952.
*420 Norman L. Easley, of Portland, argued the cause for appellants. With him on the brief were Griffith, Phillips & Coughlin, of Portland.
Ernest J. Burrows, of Portland, argued the cause for respondent. With him on the brief was George Layman, of Newberg.
REVERSED WITH DIRECTIONS.
LATOURETTE, J.
This is an appeal by defendants from an order setting aside the verdict in their favor and granting plaintiff a new trial.
Defendants have submitted a number of assignments of error. This opinion turns on the following: *421 "Under all of the evidence, plaintiff was guilty of contributory negligence as a matter of law, and this court should enter judgment for the defendants.", and it will, therefore, be unnecessary to consider the others. At the end of plaintiff's case, defendants moved for a nonsuit, and, at the conclusion of the taking of the evidence, defendants moved for a directed verdict, both motions being based on the proposition that there was no evidence of defendants' negligence, and that plaintiff was guilty of contributory negligence as a matter of law. Both motions were denied. Defendants in their answer charged contributory negligence on the part of the plaintiff in that, "He failed to keep and maintain a proper or any lookout for his own safety."
The facts follow: Plaintiff Fox had been in the meter repair business in Portland since 1920 and had been under contract to service and repair all meters in the cabs owned by the defendant, Yellow Cab Company, from 1940 up to the date of the accident. Plaintiff performed his work on the company's premises, the repair shop being in the northeast corner of the building. On the morning of July 17, 1947, he entered defendants' premises to engage in his repair work on one of defendants' cabs. There were three parallel hydraulic hoists in the company's shop, all facing the east wall of the building, which were used by mechanics in making repairs to taxicabs. The hoists were about eight feet apart and about eight feet from the east wall of the building. Next to the east wall were mechanics' workbenches, and there were windows above these benches.
The cab upon which plaintiff was to work was located over the middle hydraulic hoist, the hoist at that time not being elevated. Plaintiff entered the cab, reclining on the front seat with his feet projecting *422 southerly from the right front door and his head being under the dashboard from where he proceeded to repair the meter. Shortly thereafter he sat in a more or less upright position and noticed that his cab had been elevated some six feet in the air. It is undisputed that defendant Irwin raised the cab in order to make some repairs on it. Plaintiff testified that there was no running board on his cab, and that as he looked down he saw mechanic Hall standing at the head of the cab on which he was about to work which was on the south hoist next to him and flush with the floor. Plaintiff did not see Irwin but called out, "Hey, let me down out of here." He heard laughter and assumed that a joke was being played on him. Plaintiff then lay back down on the seat and completed his work. While he was engaged in the second phase of his work, Hall's cab was elevated on the south hoist to a position directly across from the cab in which plaintiff was working so that work could be done on it. After plaintiff had completed his work, which, in all, took about ten minutes, he raised his body on the seat, looked across to the Hall cab, assumed that he was on the floor and slid out of the cab without looking further. He fell some six feet to the concrete floor, causing the injuries complained of. The accident happened early in the morning while it was daylight, and the place was well lighted. There was evidence that the operation of raising and lowering the hoists was noiseless.
In regard to the hoists, plaintiff testified as follows:
As to plaintiff's movements at the time of the accident, we quote from his evidence:
As to plaintiff's knowledge of his surroundings, we have the following testimony:
1, 2. It is a well-settled rule of law that, if the negligence of the plaintiff proximately contributed in the slightest degree to the injury complained of, he will not be allowed to recover. It is true that contributory negligence is ordinarily for the jury, and only in exceptional cases has the court been warranted in determining such issue as a matter of law. The rule is well-stated by Mr. Justice BAILEY in Martin v. Harrison, 182 Or 121, 137, 180 P2d 119, 186 P2d 534, as follows:
3. In deciding whether plaintiff was guilty of contributory negligence as a matter of law, the court, in considering the evidence, must measure the conduct of plaintiff by the standard of care that an ordinarily *426 prudent person would have exercised under the same circumstances. Whistler v. U.S. Nat. Bank of Portland, 160 Or 10, 82 P2d 1079.
In Pritchard v. Terrill, 189 Or 662, 666, 222 P2d 652, we said:
4. One who receives an injury is bound by what he knew, or might have known, by the exercise of ordinary care. Cerrano v. Portland Ry. L. & P. Co., 62 Or 421, 427, 126 P 37.
5. "The law imposes upon a person sui juris the obligation to use ordinary care for his own protection, the degree of which is commensurate with the danger to be avoided." Carroll v. Grande Ronde Elec. Co., 47 Or 424, 442, 84 P 389.
In Rice v. City of Portland, 141 Or 205, 214, 7 P2d 989, 17 P2d 562, we read:
6. In his brief plaintiff urges that even if he knew of his peril in being elevated on the hoist he did not *427 appreciate the seriousness of his predicament, quoting from 38 Am Jur, Negligence, 864, § 188, as follows:
And, in any event and under the circumstances, whether or not he appreciated his danger was a jury question. The rule stated by plaintiff is a proper statement of the law, but we are of the opinion that the facts conclusively establish that he either appreciated his danger, or should have, under the circumstances. From the evidence, it appears that he did not do one blessed thing for his own protection other than to look across at the south cab. He knew full well that such cab was on the hoist and might be raised momentarily. When he sat up in the cab the second time, there was nothing to have prevented him from looking at the floor, at the benches or at the windows, or the other familiar objects with which he had become acquainted over a period of seven years. Plaintiff's conduct does not even show slight diligence. His negligence was the proximate cause of his injury.
In vol. 1 (rev ed) of Shearman and Redfield, Negligence, 258, § 109, we read:
It is our opinion that all reasonable men could draw but one inference, and "that inference points unerringly to the negligence of plaintiff contributing to the injury."
7, 8. Although not argued on the appeal, we are of the opinion that there was no negligence established against the defendants. The only allegation of negligence that plaintiff might hang his hat on is, "In causing the second and adjacent taxicab to be raised to a level with the taxicab in which plaintiff was working, and to mislead plaintiff and cause him to think that he had, as requested, been lowered to the floor;". It must be remembered that defendants had a right to raise the adjoining cab in order to permit the workman to work on the same, and we do not believe that a reasonably prudent man in defendants' circumstances would have anticipated that raising the cab would mislead plaintiff into thinking that he had been lowered to the floor. To have anticipated plaintiff's accident, defendants would have been compelled to reach into the realm of imagination. They are only responsible for the ordinary consequence of their voluntary act. Negligence is not to be measured by conjecture but is determined by the yardstick of what reasonable and prudent men would do, or fail to do, under like or similar circumstances.
The court erred in setting aside the verdict of the jury in favor of defendants and the judgment based thereon. Reversed with directions to enter judgment in favor of defendants.